*6i
 

 
 
I
      DUNGLISON'S
MEDICAL DICTIONARY.
FIFTEENTH EDITION. 
WORKS  BY THE SAME AUTHOR.
                            I.  (Just  Issued.)

          HUMAN   PHYSIOLOGY:

Wxt\  |i»e  Jjunforrtr  ana  frbirtjr-tiM  $;mbsinn* Illustrations an II000.
      EIGHTH EDITION,REVISED, MODIFIED, AND  ENLARGED.
  In two large and handsome octavo volumes, of about 1500 pages ; leather, price, $7.
                                       of general science in almost every department,
                                       and the clear and happy style in which he pre-
                                       sents  his views, render his Physiology one of the
                                       most reliable and attractive works in our language.
                                       To the  practitioner and general reader, we can
                                       heartily recommend it as an excellent r6sum6 of
                                       the present state of physiological science.  As a
                                       text-book for the student, we think it has no su-
                                       perior in our language, and for  this  object we
                                       presume it was chiefly, if not expressly written.—
                                       Med.  Examiner, Oct., 1856.
  In  preparing the present edition,  "no pains
have  been spared to make the work  a complete
expression of the science  of the day."  This
statement our own examination  of the work en-
ables  us to confirm; every page of it testifying
to the author's industry in culling from various
quarters and sources all that was valuable  in the
physiological contributions to seience of the last
few years.  The careful and scrutinizing spirit
exhibited by the writer when investigating mooted
questions, the extensive information he possesses
                     II.  (Now  Ready,  July, 185 7.)

GENERAL  THERAPEUTICS  AND MATERIA MEDICA
   ADAPTED  FOR  A  MEDICAL  T E X T - B O O K.
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are or ought to be  taught  in all our Medical
schools; going  no further into the nature and
commercial history of drugs than is indispensable
for the medical student.  This gives to the treatise
a clinical and practical  character, calculated to
benefit, in the highest degree, both students and
practitioners.  We shall adopt it as a text-book
for our  classes, while pursuing this branch of
medicine, and shall be happy to learn that it has
been adopted as such in  all of our medical insti-
tutions.— The N. Y. Journal of Medicine.
                           III.  (Just Issued.)

                 NEW   REMEDIES:
WITH P01UIUL.E FOR THEIR PREPARATION  AND ADMINISTRATION.
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cision.  In truth, such books as this will always
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country.   They are  labor-saving  productions,
which, at the  expense of much research and
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space the novelties and discoveries  of the ape.
The present edition of this work is considerably
enlarged and improved.  The author, with his
accustomed accuracy, has elaborated and amplified
many of the articles but casually or imperfectly
treated of in the former editions;  and he has also
added considerably to the list of new remedies.
About thirty new agents, or novel applications
of old remedies, are introduced to the notice of the
reader in this edition. — Va. Med. and Sura. Jour.,
Sept., 1856.
IV.
           THE  PRACTICE  OF  MEDICINE.
A   TREATISE  ON  SPECIAL  PATHOLOGY  AND  THERAPEUTICS.
                     THIRD AND REVISED EDITION.

          In two large octavo volumes, of about 1500 pages ; leather,

  The student of medicine will find in these two
elegant volumes n mine of facts, a gathering of
precepts and advice from the world of experience,
5.25.
that will  nerve him with courage, and faithfully
direct him in his effort? to relieve the physical suf-
ferings of the race.—Boston Med. and Surg. Jour.
BLANCHABJ)  AND  LEA, PHILADELPHIA. 
MEDICAL  LEXICON.
                        A



           DICTIONARY

                        OF



'     MEDICAL   SCIENCE;


                     CONTAINING


A CONCISE EXPLANATION OF THE VARIOUS SUBJECTS AND TERMS OF ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY,
   PATHOLOGY, HYGIENE, THERAPEUTICS, PHARMACOLOGY, PHARMACY, SURGERY, OB-
     STETRICS, MEDICAL JURISPRUDENCE, DENTISTRY, Etc; NOTICES OF CLI-
        MATE, AND OF MINERAL WATERS; FORMULiE FOR OFFICINAL,
            EMPIRICAL, AND DIETETIC PREPARATIONS, Etc.;

                       WITH


           FRENCH AND  OTHER  SYNONYMES.
                  BY

ROBLEY D,UNGLISON,  M.D., LL.D,

     PROFESSOR OF THE INSTITUTES OF MEDICINE, ETC.,
        IN THE JEFFERSON MEDICAL COLLEGE
              OF PHILADELPHIA.
REVISED AND VERY GREATLY ENLARGED.
      PHILADELPHIA:

BLANCHARD  AND LEA.
            1857. 
LrA<hSU(
\N
T)3lU
  1657
              Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1857, by
                      BLANC HARD  AND  LEA,
in the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United States for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania.
COLLINS, PRINTER. 
PREFACE.
   On this new  edition of his  "Medical Lexicon," the author has bestowed
more than usual labour.   It is not more than four years since a friendly re-
viewer,  in one of the most learned  of European  medical  periodicals,  (the
"British and Foreign Medico-Chirurgical Beview" for July, 1853, p. 205,)
in noticing a former edition, remarked, that the labdur which had been bestowed
upon the work  had "been something prodigious;" adding — "the work, how-
ever, has  been  now  done, and we are  happy in  the  thought, that no  human
being will have  again to undertake the same gigantic task.  Revised and
corrected from time to time, Dr. Dunglison's  'Medical Lexicon'will  last for
centuries."
   Yet, in the present  edition, not only has the work been "revised and cor-
rected," but about six  thousand subjects and terms have been  added,  which are
not to be found in the  one noticed by the  "British and Foreign."  Many of
these have been  introduced into medical  terminology  in consequence  of the
progress of the science; whilst others had escaped the author in the previous
editions.  These additions have necessarily required a great amount of labour,
which—as on every former occasion of the kind—has been cheerfully bestowed,
in order that the work  might be rendered still more worthy of the  vast  favour
which it has experienced.   It has ever been the anxious  desire of the  author to
make it a satisfactory and desirable—if not indispensable—lexicon, in which the
student may search without disappointment for every term that has been legiti-
mated  in the nomenclature  of the science;  and  the  present very carefully
revised, greatly enlarged,  and accurately printed edition cannot fail to be more
extensively useful, and  to offer stronger  claims to the attention of the  practi-
tioner and student, than any of  its predec£ssors.
   The author is grateful for the opportunity again afforded him of expressing
his acknowledgments  for the reception which the Dictionary has  met with
everywhere from the profession.
                                                ROBLEY DUXGLISON.
  Philadelphia,  1116 Girard St.
     Jult,  1857.
                                                               (5) 
 
EXPLANATION.
  If the simple synonymy of any term be needed, a mere reference to the term
may be sufficient; but if farther information be desired, it may be obtained under
the term referred  to.  For example,  the French word  Tronc is  said to be
synonymous with Trunk.  This may be sufficient for the inquirer: should it
not, the requisite information may be found by turning to Trunk.
ABBREVIATIONS  ARBITRARILY EMPLOYED.
Arab.	Arabic.	P.	Portuguese.	
Ch.	Chaussier.	Ph. D.	Pharmacopoeia	of Dublin.
D.	Dutch.	Ph. E.	<<	Edinburgh.
Da.	Danish.	Ph. L.	i <	London.
E.	English.	Ph. P.	n	Paris.
F.	French.	Ph. U. S	it	of the Uni-
F. or Fah.	Fahrenheit.			ted States
Fam.	Family.			ofAmerica.
G.	German.	PI.	Plural.	
Heb.	Hebrew.	Prov.	Provincial.	
I.	Italian.	R.	Reaumur.	
Imp. meas.	Imperial measure.	S.	Spanish.	
Ir.	Irish.	S.g.	Specific Gravity.	
L.	Latin.	Sax.	Anglo-Saxon.	
Linn.	Linnaeus.	Sc.	Scottish.	
Nat. Ord.	Natural Order.	Sex. Syst	. Sexual System.	
Old Eng.	Old English.	Sw.	Swedish.	
Ord.	Order.	Yulg.	Vulgarly.	
(7) 
 
DICTIONARY
MEDICAL    SCIENCE,
A.
ABBREVIATION
  A, before a consonant; An before a vowel, a, av,
have, in the compound medical terms, a privative
or debasing signification, like that of the particles
in, im, un, ir, in English.  Thus: Stheni'a means
strength; Astheni'a, want of strength; Anaemia,
want of blood, etc.  Occasionally, in compound
words, they have an intensive meaning.
  AACHEN, Aix-la-Chapelle.
  A, or aa. See Abbreviation.
  AANDE, Breath.
  AARZHIL, MINERAL WATERS OF. A. is
in the  canton  of Berne, in  Switzerland.   The
chief spring contains chlorides of calcium  and
sodium, sulphates of lime and  soda, oxyd of
iron, and sulphohydric acid gas.
  AASMUS, Anhelatio.
  ABACH, MINERAL WATERS OF. A hydro-
sulphuretted saline spring not far from Ratisbon
or Regentsberg, in Bavaria.
  ABAISSE3IENT, Depression; a. de la Cata-
racte, see Cataract—a. de la Matrice, Prolapsus
uteri.
  ABAISSEUR DE L'AILE DU NEZ,  De-
pressor alae nasi—a. de Vangle  des levres,  De-
pressor anguli  oris—a. de la levre  inferieure,
Depressor labii  inferioris—a. de la langite, Glos-
socatochus—a. de la machoire inferieure, Digas-
tricus—a. de I'ceil, Rectus inferior oculi.
  ABALIENATIO MENTIS, Insanity.
  ABALIENA'TUS. Corrup'tus, Corrupted; from
ab, and alienus,  'different.' Membra abaliena'ta.
Limbs  dead or  benumbed. — Celsus, Scribonius
Largus.
  ABANGA. Name given by the inhabitants of
St. Thomas to the fruit of a palm tree, the seeds
of which they  consider very useful in diseases
of the chest, in  the dose of three or four, two or
three times a day.
  AB APTIST'A. Abaptis'ton or Abaptis'tum, from
a, privative, and  (iaxTi^ttv, 'to plunge.'   A term
applied to the  old trepan, the conical shape of
which prevented it from plunging suddenly  into
the cavity of the cranium.
  ABAPTISTON, Abaptista.
  ABAPTISTUM, Abaptista.
  ABAREMO-TEMO.  A Brazilian tree, which
grows in the mountains, and appears  to  bo  a
mimosa.  Piso relates that the decoction of its
bark, which is bitter and astringent, was  applied
in that country to ulcers  of a bad character.
  AHARNAIIAS, Magnesia.
  ABARTICULATIO, Diarthrosis,  and  Synar-
throsis.
  A 11 ATARDISSEMFXT, Degeneration.
  ADA TTEMEST, Prostration.
        1
  ABATTIS, Giblets.
  ABBECOURT, MINERAL WATERS OF. A
chalybeate spring, six leagues from Paris, and
one from Poissy.  It was once much frequented,
but is now abandoned.
  ABBEVILLE, MINERAL AVATERS OF. An
acidulous chalybeate at Abbeville, in the depart-
ment of Somrue, France.
  ABBREVIATION, Abbrevia'tlo, Brachydsis,
Brachys'mos, Abbreviatu'ra.   (F.)  Abreviation,
from brevis, 'short.'  Abbreviations are chiefly
used in medicinal  formulae.  They are by no
means  as frequently employed now as  of old,
when every article  had its appropriate symbol.
The  following are  some of the  abbreviations
which have been or are employed:
  R. Recipe, Take.
  A. aa, ana, (ava) utriusqrte, of each.
  Abdom. Abdomen.
  Abs.  Febr. Absente febre, In the absence of
fever.
  Ad. or Add. Adde or addatur.
  Ad. Lib. Ad libitum, At pleasure.
  Admov.  Admoveatttr, Let it be applied.
  Altebn. Hor. Alternis horis, Every other hour.
  Alv. Adstrict.  Alio  adstrictd, The bowels
being confined.
  Aq. Aqua, Water.
  Aq. Bull. Aqua bulliens, Boiling water.
  Aq. Comm. Aqua communis, Common water.
  Aq. Ferv. Aqua fervens, Hot water.
  Aq. Font.  Aqua fontis, Spring water.
  Aq. Marin. Aqua marina,  Sea water.
  B. A. Balneum arena, A sand-bath.
  Bals. Balsamttm, Balsam.
  BB. BBDS. Barbadensis, Barbadoes.
  Bib.  Bibe, Drink.
  Bis ind. Bis indii-s.  Twice daily.
  B. M. Balneum maria, (F.) Bain marie, A water
bath.
  Bol.  Bolus.
  Bull. Bitlliat, Let it boil.
  But.  Bittyrnm, Butter.
  B. V. Balneum vaporis, A vapour bath.
  C. Congius, A gallon.
  Cekul.  Caruleus, Blue.
  Cap.  Capiat, Let him take.
  C. C Cornu cervi, Hartshorn.
  C. C. U. Cornu cerri ustiim, Burnt hartshorn.
  C. M. Cras mane, To-morrow morning.
  C. N. Cras nocte, To-morrow night.
  C. V. Cras cespere, To-morrow evening.
  CocHL. Cochleare, A spoonful.
  Cochl. Ampl. Cochleare  amplum, A  large
spoonful.
                               (17) 
ABBREVIATION
li
ABBREVIATION
  Cochl.  Inf.  Cochleare  infantum, A child's
spoonful.
  Cochl.  Mod.  or Med.  Cochleare modicum or
medium, A dessert-spoonful.
  Cochl. Parv. Cochleareparvum, A tea-spoonful.
  Col.  Cola,  and Colatura,  Strain,  and  to the
strained.
  Com p.  Compositns, Compound.
  Conf.  Confectio, Confection.
  Cons.  Conserva, Conserve.
  Cost.  Contimtetur, Let it be continued.
  Coq.  Coque, Boil.
  Cort.  Cortex, Bark.
  Crast. Crastinus, For to-morrow.
  Ci'.i.  Cujits, Of which.
  Cr.irsi,. Cujuslibet,  Of  any.
  Cyath.  Cyathus, A glassful.
  Cyath. The.e, A cup of tea.
  D. Dosis, A dose.
  D. et  S. Detur et signetur (placed at the end
 of  a prescription).
  D. D.  Detur ad, Let it be given in or to.
   Deaur. Pil.  Deattretur prlula, Let the pill be
 gilded.
   Deb. Spiss. Debita spissitttdo, A  due consist-
 ence.
   Dec. Decanta, Pour off.
   Decub. Decubitus, Lying down, going to bed.
   De D. in D. De die in diem, From diiy to day
   Dkj. Alv. Dejectlnnes alri, Alvine evacuations
   Dep. Depiiratus, Purified.
   Dust.  Destllla, Distil.
   Det. Detur, Let it be given.
   Dieb. Alteun. Diebus ii/ternis. Every other day
   Dirb. Tert.  Diebus tertiis, Every third day.
   Dig. Digeratitr.   Let it be digested.
   Dil. Dilutim, Dilute.
   Dim. Dimidiiis, One-half.
   Div. Divide, Divide.
   Donec Alv. Solut. Fuer.  Donee alvus solutu
 fuerit, Until  the bowels are  opened.
   DRACH. Driii-limit, A drachm.
   E.iusd.  Ejusdem, Of the same.
   Enem.  Enema, A clyster.
   Exhib.  Exhibeatur, Let it be exhibited.
   Ext. super Alut. Extende super alutarn, Spread
 upon leather.
   F. Fiat, Let it be made.
   F. Pil. Fiat prlula, Mnke into a  pill.
   F. Vex.es. or F. VS. Fiat vencesectio, Let bleed-
 ing be performed.
   Feb. Dur.  Febre durante, The fever continuing;.
   Fem. Intern. Femoribus internis, To the insidi
 of the thighs.
   Fist. Armat. Fistula armata,  A bag and pip<
 —a clyster pipe and  bladder fitted for use.
   Fl. Fluidtts, and Flares, Fluid, and Flowers.
   Frust. Frustillntim, In small pieces.
   Gel. Quavis. Gelatind quads, In any kind of
 jelly.
   G. G. G. Gummi gutta  Gambia, Gamboge.
   Gr.  Granum, A grain.
   Gt.  Gutta, A drop.  Gtt. Gutta, Drops.
    Gtt. or Gutt. Quibusd. Guttis qitibusdatn, With
 gome drops.
    Gum. Gummi, Gum.
    Guttat. Guttatim, By drops.
   Hor. Decub. Hord decubitus, At bed-time.
    Hor. Interm. Horis intermedins, At interme-
 diate hours.
    H. S.  Hord somni, At bed-time.
   Inf. Infunde, Infuse.
   I.nd. Indies,  Daily.
   Inj. Enem. Injiciatur enema, Let a clyster be
 given.
   In Pulm. In pulmento,  In gruel.
   Jul. Julepus, A julep.
   Lat. Dol.  Lateri dolenti, To the  pained side.
   Lb. and Lib. Libra, A puund  weight.
  Lib. Li.b.  Libra, Pounds.
  LlQ.  Liquor.
  M. Mince, Mix.
  Mac.  Mai-era, Macerate.
  Man.  Muniptlus, A handful.
  Man.  Prim. A'ani prhno, Early in the morning.
  MlC  Pan.  Mica partis. Crumb of bread.
  Min.  Minimum,  The 60th part of a drachm by
measure.
  Mitt. Mitte,  Send.
  Mitt. Sang.  Mittatur sanguis,  Lot blood be
drawn.                            .         ,-
  Mod.  Prescript.  Modo prascrrpto,  In  tno
manner directed.
  Mor.  Sol. More solito, In the usual manner.
  Mi'c.  Mucilngo, Mucilage.
  N. M. Nnx ntoschattt, Nutmeg.
  0. Octarius,  A pint.
  Ol. Oleum, Oil.
  Ol. Lini, S. I. Oleum lini sine igne, Cold-drawn
linseed  oil.
  Omn.  Bid.  Omni biduo,  Every two days.
  Omn.  Bih. Omni bihorio,  Every two hours.
  Omn.  Hor. Omni hord,  Every hour.
  Omn.  Man. Omni mane,  Every morning.
  Omn.  Nocte, Every night.
  Omn.  Quadr.  Hor.  Omni  quadrante  hora,
Every quarter of an hour.
  0. 0. 0. Oleum  olivm optimum, Best olive oil.
  Ov.  Onurn, An egg.
  Ox.  Oxymel.
  Oz. Unciit, An ounce.
  P. Poudere,  By weight,  and Pars, A part.
  P. and  Pug.  Pngillns, A pugil.
  P. M. Partes aquitlcs, Equal parts.
  Part. Vic. Pnrlitis vieibus, In divided doses.
  Peract. Op.  Emet. Perttctd operatione enietici,
The operation of the emetic being over.
  Pil.  Prlula, A  pill.  Pil. or  Pill.  Pilula,
Pills.
  Post. Sing. Sed.  Liq.  Post  singu.las  sedes
liquidas, After  every liquid evacuation.
  Pot.  Potio, A potion.
  P. P. Pulvis patrum, Jesuits' bark.
  P. Rat. Mt&.i'.  Pro ratione atatis, According
to the age.
  P. R. N.  Pro re natd, As occasion  may be.
  Pulv.  I'ulris, A powder.
  Q. P. Quantum pbtceat, As much as may please.
  Q. S.  Quantum sufficit, As much as is sufficient.
  Quor.  Quorum, Of which.
  Q. V. Quantum  vulueris, As much as you  wish.
  Rad. Radix, Root.
  Ras. ltnsurm, Shavings.
  Rect.  Rectificalus, Rectified.
  Red. or  Redig. in  Pulv. Redactns in pulre-
rem, or Jiediijntitr in piilverem, Powdered, or Let
it be powdered.
  Reg. Umbil.  Pegr'o umbilici,  The umbilical
region.
   Repet. Eepetiitur, Let it be repeated.
   S. A. Secundum artem, According to art.
   Sem. Semen, Seed.
   Semi-dr.  Semi-drachma, half  a drachm.
   Semi-h.  Semi-horn, Half an hour.
   Serv.  Serca, Keep, preserve.
   Sesquih.  Sesquihura, An hour and a half,
   Sesunc.  Sesuncin, An  ounce and a half.
   Si Non Val. Si non vttleat, If it does not answer.
   Si Op. Sit. Si opus sit,  If there be need.
   SiVir. Perm. Si virespermittattt, If the strength
 will permit.
   Sing. Singulorum, Of each.
   Solv.  Solre, Dissolve.
   Sp. and Spir. Spirittts, Spirit.
   Ss.  Semi, One  half.
   St.  Stet, Let it stand.
   Sub  Fin. Coct. Sub finem coctionis,  Towards
 the end of  the boiling. 
ABCES
19
ABDUCTOR
   Sum. Sumat, Let him take; also, Summitates,
 I he tops.
   S. V. S/n'rt'tits vint, Spirit of wine.
   S.  V. H.  Spiritus vini rectijicutus, Rectified
 spirit of wine.
   S. V. T. Spiritui viiii tenuior, Proof spirit of wine.
   Syr. Syrupus,  Syrup.
   Temp. Dext.  fempuri dextro, To the right
 temple.
   T. 0.  Tinctura op!!, Tincture of opium.
   Tn., TitA. and  Tinct.  Tinctura, Tincture.
   Trit.  Tritiint,  Triturate.
   V. 0.  S. or Vit. Ov. Sol.   Vitello ovi solutus,
 Dissolved in the  yolk of an egg.
   VS. VencBsectio, Venesection.
   Z.Z. Anciently myrrh: now zinziber or ginger.
   ft>, Libra, A pound,  ltb. Pounds.
   3. Uncia, An ounce.
   f 3> Fluiduncia, A  fiuidounce.
   3- Drachma, A drachm.
   f£,  Fluidrachma, A fluidrachm.
   >}, Scrupulum, A scruple.
   ■fiR,  Minimum, A minim.
   ss, Semissis, or half;  iss, one and a half.
   j,  one; ij,  two; iij, three;  iv, four, &c.  See
 Symbol.
   The same system is not always followed in ab-
 breviating.   The subjoined will exhibit the usual
 mode:
   R
      Infits. Colomb.                 fSiss
      Tinct. Gent.  comp.              f^i
      Syr. Curt. Aitrant.              f^ss
      Tinct. caps.                     gtt. xl. M.
 Capt. coch. ij. p.  r. n.
   This, written at length, is as follows:
 Recipe
     Lifuri Colomba sesqui-fluidunciara.
      'Tinctura Gentiana  Oomposita fluidrachraam.
     Syrupi Corticis Aurantiorum semi-fluidrach-
            mam.
      Tinctura Capsici guttas quadraginta.
        Mi.sce.
          Capiat cochlearia duo pro re nata.
   In the United States the directions are always
 written in English.
   ABCES, Abscess—a. Ar'gu, see Abscess.
   ABCESENBOUTONDE CHEMISE, Shirt-
 button or Shirt-stud Abscess.  A deep-seated mam-
 mary abscess, following the septa of the breast,
 and  appearing under the skin,  so as eventually to
 give  rise to one or more subcutaneous abscesses,
 without losing the original character of submam-
 mary suppuration.  A cavity exists between  the
 integuments and  the gland—another, larger, be-
 tween the mamma and the chest—the two com-
 municating by a passage, which is generally nar-
 row—the whole having the exact appearance of a
 shirt-stud.—Velpeau.
  ABCES  CHAUD, see Abscess—a. Chront'que,
 see Abscess—a. par  Congestion, see Abscess—
 a. Oonsicutif, Abscess,  metastatic—a. Diathesi-
 que,  see Abscess—a. Froid, see Abscess—a. Me-
 tastatiquc, Abscess, metastatic—a. Retro-uterine,
 see Retro-uterine—n. Scrofuleux, see Abscess—a.
 Souiiain,  see Abscess.
  ABDO'MEN,  from  abdere,  'to conceal;'  be-
cause it conceals the viscera;  by some, fancifully
presumed to be from abdere,  ' to conceal,' and
omentum, ' the caul.'  From abdo is formed abdo-
men, as  from lego, legumen. Etron, Hypogas'trion,
id limits, Alous,  W tents, The belly, (Sc.) Kyte,
Penche, Weam, (Prov.) Baggie, Hug, Wem, Pool;
(F.) Ventre,  V. inferieur. Ban ventre.   The larg-
est  of the three  splanchnic cavities,  bounded,
 above, by the diaphragm;  below, by the pelvis ;
 behind, by the lumbar vertebraa; and at the sided
 and fore part, by muscular expansions.  It is dis-
 tinguished into three anterior regions, from  above
 to below; viz. the epigastric, umbilical, and  hypo-
 gastric, each of which is itself divided into three
 others,  one middle, and two lateral:  thus,  the
 epigastric  region comprises the epigastrium and
 hypochondria ; the umbilical, the umbilicus and
 flanks  or lumbar regions; and the hypogastric,
 the hypirgastrium and  iliac regions.   None  of
 these regions has its limits well  defined.   The
 chief viscera contained in the cavity of the  abdo-
 men, Cte'lia, Cavum Abdom'inis, are the  stomach,
 intestines,  liver,  spleen, pancreas,  kidneys, <fcc.
 It is lined  by  the peritoneum.
    Abdomen, Pendulous, Physconia.
    ABDOM'INAL, Abdomina'lis, Ventra'lis, Ven-
 tral.  That which belongs to the  Abdomen,  as
 abdominal  muscles, abdominal viscera, dec.
    ABDOMINIS  EXPLORATIO,  Abdominos-
 copia.
    ABDOMINOSCOP'IA,   Gastroscop'ra,  Lapa-
 roscoji'ia, Abdom'inis Explnra'tio.  Abdom'iuos-
 copy.   A hybrid word, from abdomen, 'the  lower
 belly,' and oKoneur, ' I view.'   Examination of the
 lower belly as a  means of  diagnosis.  See Aus-
 cultation.
    ABIXJM'INOUS, Ventrro'sus, Ventro'sus, from
 abdomen, 'the belly.'  Big-bellied, Big-puunched,
 Ventrip'atent.  Having a large  abdomen.
   ABDUCENSLABIORUM, Levator anguli oris.
    ABDUCENTES, Motor oculi externus.
   ABDUCTEI R DE L'tEIL, Rectus externus
 oculi — a.  de I'oreil/e, Abductor auris — a. du
 gros orteil, Abductor  pollicis pedis—a.  du petit
 orteil, Abductor  minimi digiti pedis—a.  court du,
 ponce, Abductor pollicis brevis—a. longdupouce,
 Abductor longus pollicis.
   ABDUCTION, Abduc'tio, from  abducere,  to
 separate, (ab and ducere, 'to lead.')  The move-
 ment which separates a limb or other part from
 the axis of the body.
   The  word  has  also been used  synonymously
 with Abrup'tio, Apag'ma, Apoclas'ma, a fracture
 near the articular extremity of a bone, with sepa-
 ration of the fragments.
   ABDUCTOR, same etymon.   (F.) Abducteur.
 A muscle which moves certain parts by separat-
 ing them from the axis of the body.
   Abductor Auricularis,  Abductor auris — a.
 Indicis pedis, Prior indicis pedis, Posterior indicis
 pedis — a. Medii digiti pedis, Prior medii digiti
 pedis — a. Minimi digiti, Flexor parvus minimi
 digiti — a. Minimi digiti, Prior minimi digiti—a.
 Oculi, Rectus externus oculi — a. Pollicis manfis,
 and a. Brevis alter, Abductor pollicis brevis.
   Abductor Auris, Abductor auricula'ris.  (F.)
 Abductextr de I'oreille.  A portion of the posterior
 auris,  whose existence  is  not constant, which
 passes from the mastoid process to the concha.
   Abductor In'dicis, Semi-interos'seus  in'dicis.
 A muscle which arises from  the os trapezium and
 metacarpal  bone of the thumb,  and is  inserted
 into the  first bone of the forefinger.  Its use is to
 bring the forefinger towards the thumb.
   Abductor Min'imi Dig"iti, Carpo-phalan'gem
 min'r'mi  digiti, Cttrpo-jjlialungr'en du petit doigt,
 Exten'sor ter'tii interna'dii minimi digiti—(Dou-
 glas.)   Hypoth'enar  minor-  metacarpals.   See
 Flexor parvus.  It originates, fleshy, from the os
 pisiforme, and from the annular ligament  near
 it: and is inserted, tendinous, into the inner side
 of the  base of the first bone of the  little finger.
 Use, to draw the little  finger from the rest.
  Abductor Minimi  Digiti  Pedis, Calco-sub-
 phitlangeus  minimi digiti,  Calcaneo-phalangien
tin petit  orteil. Parath'enar major—(By AVins-
low, the  muscle is divided into two portions,—■ 
ABDUMEN
Parathenar major and  metatarsetts.)   Calcaneo- I
sous-phalangien du petit orteil—(Ch.)  (F.) .46-
dttcteur dn petit orteil.   This muscle forms the
outer margin of the  sole of the  foot, and is im-
mediately beneath the  plantar aponeurosis.  It
arises, tendinous and fleshy, from the outer side
of the protuberance  of the os calcis,  and from
the root of the metatarsal bone of the little toe,
and is inserted into the  outer part of the root of
the first bone of the  little toe.  Use, to draw the
little  toe outwards.
  Abductor Pol'licis  Brevis, Abductor Polli-
cis  JIanu.8, Scapho-carpo-super-phalangeus Pol-
licis,  Sus-phalangien du pouce, A. pollicis mantis
and  A. brevis alter—(Albinus.)   (F.) Abducteur
court du pouce, Carpo-sus-phalangien du pouce—
(Ch.) A short, flat, triangular muscle, which arises
from the anterior surface of the os scaphoides and
the annular ligament of the carpus, and termi-
nates at the  outside of the upper extremity of
the first phalanx of the thumb. A particular por-
tion, on the inner side of this muscle, is called, by
Albinus, Abductor brevis alter.
  Abductor Longus Pollicis, A. I.  P.  Mantis,
Extensor ossis metacarpi pollicis mauus, Extensor
primi internodii — (Douglas,) Extensor  primus
Pollicis, Cttbito-radi-sus-metacarpien  du  pouce,
Ciibito-sus-metacarpien  du pouce,— (Ch.)   (F.)
Abducteur- long du pouce.  A long, thin  muscle,
arising from  the  posterior surface of  the  ulna,
radius, and interosseous ligament, and inserted at
the outer side of the upper extremity of the first
metacarpal bone.
  Abductor  Pollicis Pedis, Calco-sub-phalan-
geus  Pol'licis.   (F.) Abducteur du gros orteil.
This muscle arises, fleshy, from the anterior and
inner part of the protuberance of the  os calcis,
and tendinous from the  same bone where it joins
with the os naviculare.  It is inserted, tendinous,
into the internal os sesamoideum and root of the
first bone of the great toe.  Use, to pull the great
toe from the rest.
  The name Abductor has been given also to all
those interosseous muscles of the hand and foot,
which perform the motion of abduction on the
fingers or toes, and to muscles which execute the
same function on  other parts of the body.
  ABDUMEN, Abdomen.
  ABEBJS'OS, from a,  neg., and /Jt/Jatoj, 'firm,'
Infir'mus, Deb'ilu.   Weak, infirm, unsteady.
  ABEILLE, Bee.
  ABELMELUCH.  One of the names of the Rici-
nus, according to some authors.—Prosper Alpinus
says that a tree, which grows about Mecca, is so
called.  Its seeds, which  are black and  oblong,
are said to be a most violent cathartic.
  ABELMOSCHUS, Hibiscus abelmoschus — a.
Moschatus, Hibiscus  abelmoschus.
  ABELMUSK, Hibiscus abelmoschus.
  ABENSBERG, MINERAL WATERS  OF. A.
is a  city of Bavaria, where  there is a cold, sul-
phureous spring.
  ABERRATIO, Aberration — a. Lactis,  Galac-
toplania—a. Mensium, Menstruation, vicarious—
a. Menstruorum, Menstruation, vicarious.
  ABERRA'TION,  Aberra'tio,  from   aberrare,
(ab and errare,)  'to stray,' 'to wander from.'
This word has several meanings.
  1. The passage of a  fluid of the living body
into  an order of vessels not destined  for it.  In
this sense it is synonymous with the Error Loci
of Boerhaave.
  2.  The flow of a fluid towards an organ different
from that to which it is  ordinarily directed ; as in
cases  of vicarious hemorrhage.   Aberrations of
sense or judgment are certain errors in the percep-
tions, or certain derangements of the intellectual
faculties.
  The word is used in optics  to  designate the
0               ABOMASUS
||dispersion of the rays of light in passing through
 a lens.
   Aberration, Chromatic,  Aberration  of Re-
 frangibility.
   Aberration  op Refrangibil'ity, Oliromat'ic
 aberra'tion, (F.)  Aberration de  Rffrangibilitc,
 Chromatisme, exists, when, as in a common lens,
 the rays that pass near the circumference of the
 lens are decomposed, so that a coloured image is
 observed.   This aberration in the human  eye is
 corrected by the iris, which does  not permit the
 rays  to  fall near  the circumference of the lens,
 and also by the  crystalline  lens itself,  which,
 owing to its structure, serves  the  purposes of an
 achromatic glass.
   Aberration, Spherical, Aberration of sphe-
 ricity.
   Aberration of Spheric"ity or spher'ical ab-
 erra'tion takes place, when the rays, as in a com-
 mon lens, which pass through the centre of the
 lens, and those which pass near  the circumfer-
 ence, are unequally refracted, so that they do not
 meet at  a common focus.
   This aberration of sphericity in  the human eye
 is corrected by the iris and lens.
   ABESSI, Realgar.
   ABE\rACUA'T10, Apoceno'sis, from  ab,  and
 evacuate, ' to empty.'  An evacuation.  A partial
 or imperfect evacuation.   By some it  is applied
 to an immoderate evacution.—Kraus.
   ABHAL.  A fruit well known in India,  and
 obtained from a species of cypress.  It passes for
 an emmenagogue.
   ABIES, Pinus picea—a. Balsamea, Pinus  bal-
 samea.
   Abies Balsamifera, Pinus Balsamea—a. Ca-
 nadensis, Pinus Canadensis—a. Excelsa, see Pinus
 abies — a. Gallica, Pinus picea — a. Larix, Pinus
 larix—a. Pectinata, Pinus picea.—a. Picea, Pinus
 picea—a. Rubra, Pinus rubra.
   ABIGA,  Teucrium Chamaepitys.
   ABIOSIS, Death.
   ABIOTOS, Conium maeulatum.
   ABIRRITA'TION, Abirrita''tio, from ab, priva-
 tive, and irritatio, ' irritation.'  This word strictly
 means absence or defect of irritation.  The disci-
 ples of Broussais used it to indicate a pathological
 condition, opposite to that of  irritation.  It may
 be considered as  synonymous with debility, as-
 thenia, <fec.
   ABLACTATIO, Weaning.
   ABLASTES, Sterile.
   ABLATIO, Extirpation.
   ABLEPH'ARUS, from a,  privative,  and  jSXt-
 tpapov,' eyelid.'  One who has no eyelids.
   ABLEPSIA, Caecitas.
   ABLUENTIA, Detergents.
   ABLUENTS, Detergents.
   ABLUTION, Ablu'tio, Aponip'sis,  Cataclys'-
 mus, from abluere, (ab and luere,) ' to wash.'  A
 name  given to legal ceremonies  in which the
 body is  subjected to particular affusions.   Ablu-
 tion (especially of the extremities) with cold or
 tepid  water is employed, therapeutically,  to re-
 duce febrile heat. Also, the washing  by which
 medicines   are  separated from  the  extraneous
 matters  mixed with them.
   ABNORMAL, Abnormous.
   ABNORMITY, Anomalia.
   ABNOR'MOUS, Abnor'mis, Enor'mis, Abnor-
 mal, (F.) Anormal, from  ab, 'from,' and  norma,
 'rule.'  Not conformable to rule; irregular.
   ABOLI"TION, AboW'tio, destruction 'or sup-
 pression, from  ab and  luere (?)  'to wa.-h.'   A
 word, often  employed, especially by the French,
 to express the complete suspension of any  symp-
 tom or function.  Abolition of  the sight, e. g. is the
 complete loss of sight.
   ABOMA'SUS, Aboma'aum,  Enys'tron, Ventric' 
ABOMINATIO             21                ABSCESS
 uhitt  intcstina'lis, Rennet,  (Sc.)  Roddikin, (F.)
 Carllette.  The lowermost  or fourth stomach  of
 ruminating animals.
   ABOMINATIO,  Disgust
   ABONDANCE,  Plethora.
   ABORSIO, Abortion.
   ABORSUS, Abortion.
   ABORTICIDIUM, Foeticide.
   ABORT IF, Abortive.
   ABORTIFACIENS, Abortive.
   ABORTION, Abor'tus, Abor'sus, Abor'sio,Dys-
 to cm aborti'va, Ornoto'cia, Paracye'sis abortus,
 Amblo'sis, Amblo'ma, Amblos'mus, Ec'bole,  Em-
 bryotoc'iu,  Dinjm'thora, Ectro'sis,  Examblo'ma,
 Examb/o'sis, Ectros'mos, Apopalle'sis, ApopaVsis,
 Apoph'thora, Phthnra, Gonvul'sio  u'teri, Deper-
 di'tio. (F.) Avortement, B/essure, Miscarriage; from
 ab and oriri, 'to rise,' applied to that which has
 arisen out of season. The expulsion of the foetus
 before the seventh  month  of utero-gestation,  or
 before it is viable.   The causes of this accident
 are  referable either to the mother, and particu-
 larly to  the uterus;  or to the  foetus and  its de-
 pendencies.   The causes, in the mother, may be :
 — extreme nervous  susceptibility, great debility,
 plethora, faulty conformation,  &c.; and it is fre-
 quently  induced immediately by  intense mental
 emotion, violent exercise, &c.  The causes seated
 in the foetus  are its death, rupture of the mem-
 branes,  &c.   It most frequently occurs between
 the 8th  and  12th weeks of gestation. The symp-
 toms of  abortion are :—uterine  hemorrhage with
 or without flakes of decidua,  with intermitting
 pain.  When abortion has once taken place, it is
 extremely apt to recur in subsequent pregnancies
 about the same period.  Some writers have called
 abortion, when  it occurs prior to three months,
 Effluxion.  The  treatment  must vary according
 to the constitution of the patient and the  causes
 giving rise to it.   In  all  cases, the horizontal
 posture and perfect  quietude are indispensable.
   Abortion is likewise applied to the product of
 an untimely birth,—Abor'tus, Abor'sus, Apoble'-
 ma, Apob'ole, Eeblo'ma, Amblothrid'ion, Ectro'-
 ma, Fruc'tus immatu'rus, Abortment,  (F.) Avor-
 ton,  Avortin.
   TO  ABORT,  Abori'ri.   To  miscarry.   (F.)
 Avorter.
   ABOR'TIVE, Aborti'vus, Ecbol'ius,  Amblo'ti-
 cus, Amblothrid'iurn, Ambol'icus, Phthor'ius, Apo-
 phthor'ius,  Ectrot'icus,  Abortifa'ciens,  Acyte'-
 rius,  Expel'lens, Phthiroc1tonus. Phthor-oc'tonus,
 EcboVicus, Contrac'tor u'teri, Accelerator Partes,
 Parturient, Par-turifa'cient, Ecbolic.   (F.) Abor-
 tif.  A medicine to  which is attributed the  pro-
 perty of  causing abortion.  There is probably no
 direct agent of the kind.
  ABORTMENT, Abortion.
  ABORTUS, Abortion.
  ABOUOHEMENT, Anastomosis.
  ABOULAZA, a tree  of Madagascar, used, ac-
 cording to Flacourt, in the practice of the coun-
 try, in diseases of the heart.
  ABOUTISSEMENT, Suppuration.
  ABOYEUSES, see Conoulsionnaire.
  ABRABAX, Abrasax, Abraxas.  A  mystic
 term, expressing the number 365, to which the
 Cabalists attributed  miraculous properties.
  ABRACADA'BRA, Abrasada'bra,  the  name
 of a  Syrian  idol,   according  to  Selden.   This
word, when pronounced and repeated in a certain
form and a certain  number of  times, was sup-
posed to have the power  of curing fevers  and
preventing many diseases.   It was  figured on
amulets and worn suspended around the neck.   '.
                Dnmx

                   1 X  3 1 X
                    X3TK
                     2  1 X
                      1 X


    ABRACALAN, A cabalistic term to which the
  Jews attributed the same virtue  as to the word
  Abracadabra.
    ABRASABRA, Abracadabra.
    ABRASAX, Abrabax.
    ABRA'SION, (Prov.) Fleck, Abra'sio, Aposyr'-
  rna, Apoxys'mus, from abradere, (ab and radere,)
  ' to rasp.'  A superficial excoriation, with loss of
  substance, under the form of small shreds, in the
  mucous membranes of the intestines,—(F.) Rn-
  clures des Boyaux.  Also an ulceration of  the
  skin, possessing  similar characters.  According
  to Vicq d'Azyr, the word has been used for  the
  absorption of the molecules composing the various
  organs.
    ABRATHAN, Artemisia abrotanum.
    ABRAXAS, Abrabax.
    ABRE, Abrus precatorius.
    ABREVIATION, Abbreviation.
    ABRICOT,  see  Prunus Armeniaca—a. Sau-
  vage, Mammea Americana.
    AB RICO TIER, Prunus Armeniaca.
    ABROSIA, Abstinence.
    ABROTANUM,  Artemisia  abrotanum — a.
  Cathsum,  Artemisia abrotanum — a. Mas,  Arte-
  misia abrotanum.
    ABROTONE, Artemisia abrotanum.
    ABROTONI'TES, (otvoU 'wine,' understood.)
  Wine impregnated with Artemisia Abrotanum or
  Southernwood.
    ABROTONUM, Artemisia Abrotanum.
    ABRUPTIO, Abduction.
    ABRUS PRECATO'RIUS, (from afoot;, 'ele-
  gant.') Liq'orice Bush, Red Bean, Love pea. (F.)
  Abre,  Liane  & reglisse.  A small  ornamental
  shrub, found from Florida to Brazil, as well as in
  Egypt and the West Indies;  Nat. Ord.  Legumi-
  nosa?.  Sex. Syst. Monadelphia Enneandria; hav-
  ing beautiful scarlet seeds with a black spot.  The
  roots and leaves are sweet mucilaginous demul-
  cents.  The seeds of the American kind are con-
  ridered to be purgative and poisonous.  They are
  employed to form  rosaries, and hence called, in
  mockery, Jumble beads.
   ABSCESS, from abscedo, (abs,  and cedere,) ' I
  depart,' or 'separate from.'  Absces'sus, Absces'-
  sio, Aphiste'sis, Aposte'rna, Ecpye'ma, Ecpye'sis,
  Reces'sus,  Impos'thume,  Gathering. (Old  Eng.)
  Apostemacion,Apost'hume. (Sc.) Hattrel.  (Prov.)
  Coul, Numpost, Postime.  (F.) Abces, Depot.  A
  collection of pus in a cavity, the result of a mor-
  bid process.  See Pyogenia, and Suppuration.
   The French have various distinctive terms for
  Abscesses.
   Abces Chaud, Aigu, Soudain, is one which fol-
  lows violent inflammation.
   Abels  Froid,  Chronique,  Serofuleux,  cold,
  chronic, or scrofulous abscess,  one which is the
  result of chronic or scrofulous inflammation.
   Abels par Congestion, A. diathesique, asympto-
  matic abscess; one which occurs in a part at a
 distance  from the inflammation  by  which it is
 occasioned : e. g. a lumbar abscess ; in which the
 inflammation may be in  the lumbar vertebrae,
 whilst the pus exhibits itself at the groin.
   Abscess, Alveolar, Parulis—a.  Cold, sea
I Abscess. 
ABSCISSIO PR-EPUTII
22
ABSUS
  Abscess,  Metastatic,  Absces'sns metastat'-
icus, (F.) Abces mctastatique, A. consicutif,  an
abscess  which  forms  suddenly, and  sometimes
without any precursory signs of inflammation, in
a part of the body remote from one in a state of
suppuration, and without presenting a sufficient
reason for its development  in the place which it
occupies.  It is a consequence of phlebitis.
  Abscess,  Perforating   of the Lung,  see
Lung, perforating  abscess  of the—a.  Perilaryn-
geal, see  Perilaryngitis—a. Psoas, Lumbar  ab-
scess—a. Retropharyngeal, see Retropharyngeal
—a. Shirtstud, Abces en bouton de chemise.
  Abscessus Capitis Sanguineus Neonatorum,
Cephalaeraatoma—a. Cerebri, Encephalopyosis—
a. Gangraeuescens, Anthrax—a. Gangrajnosus
Anthrax—a. Lacteus, Mastodynia apostematosa
—a. Lumborum, Lumbar  abscess—a. Mammae,
Mastodynia apostematosa—a. Metastaticus, Ab-
scess, metastatic—a. Nucleatus, Furunculus—a,
Oculi,   Hypopyon — a. Pectoris,  Empyema — a.
Pulmonum,  Pneumapostema — a.  Renalis, Ne-
phrapostasis—a. Spirituosus, Aneurism—a. Tho-
racis, Empyema—a. Urinosus,  Urapostema.
  ABSCISSIO PR^BPUTII, Circumcision.
  ABSCIS'SION, Abscis'io,  Abscis'sio, from  ab-
ecidere   or  abscindere, ' to  cut off,'  Apoc'ope,
Apothr-au'sis,  Diac'ope.  Excision or extirpation
of  a  part, especially of a soft part.—Fabricius
Uildanus.
   Fracture  or injury of soft parts, with loss of
substance.—Hippocrates.
   Diminution, or loss of voice.—Celsus.
   Sudden and premature  termination  of a  dis-
ease.—Galen.
   ABSCONSIO, Sinus.
   ABSENCE DU BRUIT RESPIRATOIRE,
 see Murmur,  respiratory.
   ABSINTHE, Artemisia absinthium.
   ABSINTHI'TES, a^tvStrns, Apsinthi'tes, Wine
 impregnated  with Absinthium or Wormwood.—
 Dioscorides.
   ABSINTHIUM,  (Ph. TJ..S.,)  Artemisia  ab-
 sinthium—a. Marinum, Artemisia maritima—a.
 Maritimum,  Artemisia maritima—a.  Ponticum,
 Artemisia pontica—a. Romanum, Artemisia pon-
 tica —  a. Santonicum,  Artemisia  santonica — a.
 Vulgare, Artemisia absinthium.
   ABSORBANT, Absorbent.
   ABSOR'BEXT, Absor'bens, from absorbere (ab
 and sorbere,) ' to drink, to  suck  up.'  (F.)  Ab-
 sorbant.  That which absorbs.
    Absorbent System is the collection of vessels,
  Vasa  ubsorben'tia seu resorben'tia, and glands,
 which  concur in the exercise of absorption.
    A  medicine used for absorbing acidity in the
 stomach and bowels, as magnesia, chalk, &c. In-
 ver'tens, Resor'bens, Sut'urans, Prcecip'itans.
    Also, any substance, such as cobweb,  sponge,
  <fcc, which, when applied to a bleeding  surface,
  retains the  blood, and forms with it a solid and
  adhesive compound, which arrests  the  hemor-
  rhage.
    ABSORPTIO,  Absorption—a.  Sanguinis,
  Haemorrhophesis.
    ABSORP'TION, Absorp'tio, Resorp'tio, Inha-
  la'tio,   Imbibit"io,  Anar-'rhophe,  Anarrophe'sis,
  Catnpino'sis, Rhoebde'sis,  Catarrhophe'sis, Ca-
  tar'rhophe;  same etymon.- The function of ab-
  sorbent vessels, by virtue of which they take up
  substances from without or within the body.  Two
  great  divisions have been made of this function.
  1. External absorption, or the absorption of  com-
  position, which obtains, from without the organs,
  the  materials  intended   for  their composition ;
  and, 2. Internal absorption, or the absorption  of
  decomposition, which takes up from the organs
  the  materials that have  to be replaced by the
  exhalants.
  By external absorption is  meant not only that
which takes place  at the external surface ol  the
body, but also that of the mucous membranes ot
the digestive and  respiratory passages.  Hence,
again, the division  of external absorption into cu-
taneous—resorp'tio cuta'nea seu cutis, inhulit tio
cutis,—intestinal or digestive, and pulmonary or
respiratory.                     .....  ...
  Internal  absorption is  also  subdivided into,
1. Molecular or interstitial,  nutritive, organic, or
decomposing, which takes up from each organ the
materials that constitute it, so that the decompo-
sition is always in equilibrio with the deposition.
2. The absorption of recrementitiul secretin' fluids,
such as the fluid  of serous membranes, synovia,
&c.  As these are constantly exhaled on surfaces
which  have  no external outlet, they would aug-
ment indefinitely, if absorption did not remove
them in the same proportion  as that  in which
they are deposited.  3. The absorption of a part
of the excrementitial fluids, as they pass over the
excretory passages.
   Absorption does not effect the decomposition
of the body immediately.  It merely prepares the
fluid which has to be  eliminated by the secretory
organs.
   The great agents of external absorption are the
veins and chyliferous vessels; of internal absorp-
tion, probably the lymphatics.  In the chylife-
rous vessels and lymphatics the  fluid is  always
found  to possess  the  same general properties.
In them,  therefore, an action  of elaboration or
selection must have taken place.  The veins, on
the other hand, seem to exert no selection.  Any
fluid, possessing  the  necessary  tenuity, passes
through the coats of the vessel  readily by imbibi-
tion, and proceeds along with the torrent of the
circulation.   Watery fluids in this  manner enter
the  blojd when they  are taken into  the stomach.
Substances that require digestion,  on  the  other
hand,  must pass through the chyliferous vessels
and thoracic duct.
   Absorption of Composition, see Absorption—
 a. Cutaneous, see  Absorption—a. of Decomposi-
 tion, see Absorption—a.  Digestive, see Absorp-
 tion—a. External, see Absorption—a.  of Excre-
 mentitial  Secreted Fluids, see Absorption—a.
 Internal,  see Absorption—a. Intestinal, see Ab-
 sorption— a.  Interstitial,   see  Absorption — a.
 Molecular, see Absorption—a.  Nutritive, see Ab-
 sorption— a. Organic, see  Absorption — a.  Pul-
 monary,  see Absorption—a.  of Recremeutitial
 Secreted Fluids, see Absorption—a. Respiratory,
 see Absorption.
   ABSTEME, Abstemious.
   ABSTE'MIOUS, Abste'mius, Aoi'nos, from aba,
  'without,' and temetum, 'wine.'   (F.) Abstlme.
  Used by  the ancient writers, as well as by the
  French, in the sense only of  its roots; one who
  abstains  from  wine  or  fermented liquors  in
  general.
   ABSTERGENTIA, Detergents.
   ABSTERSIVA, Detergents.
   ABSTERSORIA, Detergents.
   AB'STINENCE, Abstinen'tic, from abs, 'from,'
  and tenere, 'to hold,' Abros'ia, Asit'ia, Limttn'-
  chia, Limocton'ia,  Fasting.  Privation, usually
  voluntary, as when we speak  of abstinence from
  pleasure,  abstinence from drink, &c.  It is  more
  particularly used to signify voluntary privation
  of certain articles of food.  Fasting is a useful re-
  medial agent in  certain diseases, particularly in
  those of an inflammatory character.
    ABSUS, a  kind  of cassia,  C.  Absns,  which
  grows in  Egypt and in India,  the seeds of which,
  pulverized and mixed with powdered sugar, have
  been employed in form  of a dry collyrium, in  the
  endemic ophthalmia of Egypt. 
ABULIA                2 3         ACCABLEMENT
   ABU'LIA; from a, 'privative,' and/?ouAij, 'will.'
 Loss of the will, or of volition.
   ABU'LICUS; same etymon.  One who has lost
 the power of  will or of volition.
   A BUS DE SOI-MKME, Masturbation.
   ABUTA (a Guiana name),  Pareira brava.
   ABUTILON AVICENN.E, A. Corda'tum, Si-
 da  Abu'ti/on, Indian or  Yellow  Mallow, Velvet
 leaf; Order,  Malvaceae, (from a, privative,' /Sous,
  an ox,' and tiKoc, ' diarrhoea,' that is, 'a  remedy
 for the diarrhoea of cattle;') is naturalized, and
 common in most parts of the United States.  It
 resembles common mallow in  its properties, being
 mucilaginous and demulcent.
   ABVACUA'TIO, an excessive  or colliquative
 evacuation of any kind.
    ACACIA, (Ph. U. S.) Acacias gummi—a. Cate-
 chu, Catechu—a. False, Robinia pseudo-acacia—
 a. Germanica, see Prunus spinosa—a. Giraffee, see
 Acaei;e gummi—a. Horrida,  see  Acaciae  gummi
 —a. Indica, Tamarindus—a. Nilotica, see  Acaciae
 gummi—a. Nostras, see Prunus spinosa—a. Sene-
 gal, see Senegal, gum—a. Vera, see Acaci;e gum-
 mi—a. Zeylonica, Haematoxylon Campechianum.
   ACACI.E  GUMMI, Aca'cia,  from   artr,,  'a
 point,' so  called in consequence of  its spines, G.
 Aca'cim Arab'icoe, G. Mimo'sce, G. Arab'icum, G.
 Acantli'inum, G.  Lencum, G. Theba'icum, G. Se-
 rapio'nis, G.  Lamac,  G.  Senega or  Seneca, (see
 Senegal, gum,) Gum Ar'abic.   (F.)  Gomme Ara-
 bique.  The  gum of  the  Aca'cia  seu Mimo'sa
 Nilot'iea,  Aca'cia vera, Spina jEgyptiaca,  of
 Upper Egypt, Nat.  Ord.  Mimoseae.  Sejc.  Syst.
 Polygamia Moncecia.  It is in irregular pieces,
 colourless, or of a pale yellow colour, hard, brittle,
 of  a shining fracture, transparent, soluble  in
 water, and insoluble in alcohol, s. g. 1-4317.
   It is mucilaginous; but is  rarely used, except
 in pharmacy.  Sometimes it is administered alone
 as a demulcent.
   Acncia  Horrida  and  A. Giraffes,  of  South
 Africa, yield a good gum.
   ACAJOU,  (of Indian origin) Anacardium oc-
 eidentale.
   AcA.n-BA Officinalis, Anacardium occidentale.
   Acal'ypha Betuli'na,  Cauda felis agrestis,
 (a, 'privative,' na\os, 'beautiful,' and atjrrr, 'touch')
 is employed by the natives of India as a stoma-
 chic and in cholera.   It is given  in the form of
 infusion of the leaves.
   Acalypha  Hispida, Caturus  spiciflorus.
   Acal'ypha  In'dica,  'disagreeable   to  the
 touch.' Cupameni, Order Euphorbiaceae.  A com-
 mon annual in the gardens of India.  An infusion
 of the root, and a decoction  of  the leaves are
 cathartic.
   Acal'yphaVirgin'ica. Three-seeded mer'cury,
 indigenous, flowering in August, is  said to have
 expectorant and diuretic properties.
   ACAM'ATUS, from a, priv., and  icauvor, 'I la-
 bour.'  This word has been sometimes used for
 a  good constitution of the body.   According to
 Galen, it means that position  in which a  limb is
 intermediate  between flexion  and extension; a
 position which may be long maintained without
 fatigue.
   ACAMPSIA, Contractura.
   ACANOS, Onopordium acanthium — a.  Spina,
 Onopordiuin acanthium.
   ACANTHA, Vertebral column.  Also, Spinous
 process of  a vertebra.
   ACANTHAB'OLUS,  Acan'thulus,  Vrlsel'la,
from  aKav&a, 'a spine,' and 0a\\w, 'I cast out.'
A  kind of  forceps for removing extraneous sub-
stances from wounds.—Paulus of  /Egiua,  Fabri-
cius ab Aquapendente, Scultetus, Ac.
  ACANTIIALZUCA, Echiuops.               I
   ACANTHE FAUSSE, Heracleum  spondy-
 liuui.
   ACANTHIA  LECTULARIA,  Cimex  lectu-
 larius.
   ACANTHIUM, Onopordium acanthium.
   ACANTHULUS, Acanthabolus.
   ACANTHUS  MOLLIS, (aKarfa, 'a  spine or
 thorn,')  same etymon as Acacia.   Melamphyl'-
 lum,  Branca xtrsi'na seu  vera,  Brankur'sine,
 Bear's Breech.  (F.) Pied d'oitrs.   This plant is
 mucilaginous like Althaea, and is used as a de-
 mulcent.
   ACAPATLI, Piper longum.
   ACAR'DIA, from  a,  priv., and xapSta, 'the
 heart.'   The state of a foetus without a heart.
   ACARDIOH^l'MIA.  (F.) Acardiohtmie, from
 a, priv.,  Kapbta, ' heart,' and at/jta ' blood.'  Want
 of blood in the heart.—Piorry.
   ACARDIONER'VIA,    (F.)  Acardionervie:
 from a, priv., Kapha, 'heart;' and vevpov, 'nerve.'
 AVant of nervous action in the heart as indicated
 by the sounds ceasing to be audible.
   ACARDIOTROPHIA, Heart, atrophy of the.
   AC ARE, Acarus.
   AC'ARICIDE,  from acarus, and ccsdere, 'to
 kill.'  A destroyer of acari, — as of the  acarus
 scabiei.
   ACARICO'BA.   The  Brazilian  name for Hy-
 drocot'yle umbella'turn, used by the Indians aa
 an aromatic, alexipharmic, and emetic.
   ACARON, Myricagale.
   ACARP'iE, from a,  'privative,' and rcap-rog,
 'fruit.'   A" division of the family of cutaneous
 diseases  by Fuchs, in which there is no "fruit,"
 (Germ. Frucht,)  or production from the cutane-
 ous surface — tubercles,   vesicles  or  pustules.
 Lentigo, Chloasma, Argyria, and  Pityriasis be-
 long  to it.
   ACARUS, from a,  privative, and icapns, 'di-
 visible.'  (F.) Acare.   A minute insect,  one spe-
 cies of which has been noticed, by several  obser-
 vers, in the itch.   The Acarus Scubiei, see  Psora.
   Acarus  Ciro,  se'e  Psora — a. Comedonum,
 Acarus Folliculorum.
   Ac'arus Cros'sei,  Crosse mite.  An insect sup-
 posed by Mr. Crosse,  of  England, to have been
 developed in  a solution of silicate of potassa when
 submitted to slow galvanic action, for the pur-
 pose  of obtaining crystals of silex.  It did not,
 however, prove to be a new formation.
   Acarus  Folliculo'rum, A. Comedo'num, En-
 tozo'on seu De'modex seu  Simo'nea seu Steatozo'-
 on  folliculo'rum,  Macrogas'ter plat'ypus.   An
 articulated animalcule, discovered in the sebace-
 ous substance of the cutaneous follicles.   Accord-
 ing to Professor  Owen,  it belongs to  the Ara-
 chnida.
  Acarus Scabiei, Acarus, see Psora.
  ACATALEP'SIA, from a, privative, and rcara-
 XanlSavor, 'I  comprehend.'  Uncertainty in dia-
 gnosis.   Its opposite is Catalepsia.—Galen.
  ACATAP'OSIS, from  a, privative, and Kara-
 roots, ' deglutition.'   Incapacity of swallowing.
 Arogel has given this name to difficulty of deglu-
 tition.
  AOATASTAT'IC, Acatastat'icus, from  a, priv.,
 and Ka&iarrmi, 'to  determine.'  An epithet given
 to fevers, <fec, when irregular in their periods or
symptoms.—Hippocrates.
  ACATHAR'SIA, from  a, priv., and KaS-atptfa,
 ' I purge ;' Sordes, Impurities. Omission of a pur-
gative.—Foesius.
  ACATSJAVAL'LI, a Malabar plant, which is
astringent and aromatic.   A bath  of it is used in
that country in cases  of  hemicrania.  It is sup-
posed to be the Cassytha filiformis of Linnaeus.
  ACAAVERIA, Ophioxylum serpentinum.
  ACCABLEMENT,  Torpor. 
ACC&L&RATEVR         24          ACEPIIALOG ASTER
  ACCELERATEUR DE L'URINE,  Accele-
rator urinas.
  ACCELERATOR PARTUS, Abortive.
  Accelera'tor Uri'n.e, Bulbo-caverno'sus, Bul-
bo-uretral — (Ch.), Ejacula'tor Sem'inis, Bulbo-
syndesmo-cavernettx.  (F.) Accelirateur de I'urine,
Bulbo-caverneux,  Ano-caverneux,  from ad and
celer, ' quick.'   A  muscle of the penis, which
arises,  fleshy, from  the  sphincter ani and mem-
branous part of the urethra, and tendinous, from
the crus and beginning of the corpus caverno-
sum penis.  In its  course it forms a thin, fleshy
layer, the inferior fibres of which run more trans-
versely than the  superior, which  descend  in an
oblique direction; the muscles of both sides com-
pletely enclosing the bulb of the  urethra.   It is
inserted  into its fellow by a  tendinous line run-
ning longitudinally  on  the middle of the bulb.
Its use is to propel the urine or semen forwards.
   ACCENT, Sonus  vocis, from  ad and canere,
cantum, to sing.  Inflection or modification of the
voice, which consists in raising or dropping it on
certain syllables.
   The accent exhibits various alterations in dis-
ease.   v
   ACCES, Paroxysm.
   ACCES'SION, Acces'sio, from accedo, (ad and
cedere,)  'I approach.'  The  invasion, approach,
 or commencement of a disease.
   A CCESSOIRE, Accessory—a. du long Flichis-
seur cornmun des  orteils : see Flexor longus digi-
 torum pedis profundus perforans (accessorius) —
 it. de V Obtnrateur interne, Ischio-trochanterianus
 —a. du Pied d1Hippocampe : see Cornu ammonis
 —a. du Sacro-lombaire:  see  Sacro-lumbalis.
   ACCESSORIUS FLEXOR LONGUS DIGI-
 TORUM PEDIS;  see Flexor longus digitorum
 pedis profundus perforans (accessorius)—a. Pedis
 hippocampi;—see Cornu ammonis.
   ACCESSORY, Accesso'rius,  (F.) Accessoire,
 Annexe, same  etymon.   A  consequence or de-
 pendence on any thing; as accessory ligament,
 muscle, nerve, &c.
   Accessory of the Parot'id is a name given
 by Haller to a small gland,  which accompanies
 the parotid duct, and is commonly a mere pro-
 longation of the  parotid itself.  See Parotid.
   Accessory Sciences to  Medicine are those
 which do not  relate directly to  the  science of
 man in  a state of  health or disease; as physics,
 chemistry,  <fcc.
   Accessory op the Par Vagum, Spinal nerve.
    The term accessory  is also given to several
 muscles.
   ACCESSUS, Coition.
    ACCIDENS, Symptoma—a. Consecutifs, Con-
 secutive phenomena.
    ACCIDENT, Ac'cidens, from accidere, (ad and
 cadere,) ' to happen.'  A casualty; an unforeseen
 event.  The French — like  older English writers
 — use the term in nearly the same sense as symp-
 tom.  It means also an unexpected symptom.
    ACCIDEN'TAL, Adventitious.  That which
 happens unexpectedly.
    The  French give the name Tissue accidentels
 to those adventitious textures, that are the result
 of a morbid process.
    ACCIP'ITER, Hi'erax, \tpa\,' the hawk,' from
 accipere (ad and capio,) ' to take.'   Menec'ratis
 Accip'iter, (F.) Epervier.   A bandage applied
  over the nose, so called  from its likeness to the
  claw of a hawk.
    ACCLI'MATED, Clima'ti assue'tus,  (from ad
  and clima.)  A word of recent introduction from
  the French, which means 'accustomed to a cli-
  mate.'
    ACCLIMATATION, Acclimation.
    A CCL IMA TEMENT, Acclimation.
    ACCLIMATION, Seasoning.  (F.) Acclimate-
ment, Acclimatation.  The act of becoming accli-
mated or accustomed to a climate.
  The  constitution of a person, who goes to live
in another and a very different  climate usually
experiences changes, which are frequently of an
unfavourable character, and the study of  which
is of Considerable importance in medicine.
  ACCOMPAGNEMENT  DE  LA  CATA-
RACTE, Accompaniment of the cataract.
  ACCOM'PANIMENT, Adjun'ction.   (F.) Ac-
compagnement, (compagnon, 'an associate').  That
which is joined to any thing.
  Accompaniment  to the cataract,  (F.) Accom-
paqnement de la cataracte, is a whitish,  viscid
substance, which sometimes surrounds the opake
crystalline lens, and remains after the operation
for cataract, causing a secondary cataract.
  ACCOUCHEE, Puerpera.
  ACCOUCHEMENT, Parturition — a. Labori-
ous, Dystocia—a. contre Nature, see Presentation,
preternatural—a. Laborieux,  Laborious  labour,
—a. Provoque, see Parturition.
  ACCOUCHEUR, (F.) Adju'tor Partes, Ob-
stet'ricans,  Obstetri"cius, Maieu'ter, Maieu'tes.
He who practices the art of midwifery.  A physi-
cian-Accoucheur, a Surgeon-Accoucheur, a  Man-
midwife, &c.
   ACCOUCHEUSE, Midwife.
   ACCOUPLEMENT, Coition.
   ACCOUTUMANCE, Habit.
   ACCRE'TION, Accre'tio, from  ad, 'to,' and
crescere, ' to increase.'  Augmentation ; (F.) Ac-
croissement; also, increase by juxtaposition.
   ACCROISSEMENT, Accretion, Increase.
   ACCUSATIO, Indication.
   ACE'DIA,  Incu'ria,  from  a, privative, and
Ktioi,  ' care.'  Want of care,  neglect.  Also, fa-
tigue.—Hippocrates.
   ACELLA, Axilla.
   ACEOGNOSIA, Pharmacognosia.
   ACEOLOGIA, Materia Medica.
   ACEPHALE, Acephalous.
   ACEPHALH^E'MIA, (F.) Acephalhemie, from
o, priv., Kt<jra\ri, ' head,' and &iua,' blood.'   Want
 of blood in the encephalon.—Piorry.
   ACEPHALIA, see Acephalous.
   ACEPHALIE, see  Acephalous.
   ACEPHALOBRA'CHUS,   from a, privative,
 Ket^itKri,  'head,' and  Ppa^totv, 'arm.'  A  foetus
 without head or arms.
   ACEPHALOCAR'DIA, from a, priv.,  tK<pa\r,,
 'head,' and Kap&ta,' heart.' Monstrosity in which
 there  is absence of head and heart.
   ACEPHALOCHI'RUS, from a, privative, kc-
 <pa\ri,  ' head,' and xeiPr ' hand.'  A foetus without
 head or hands.
    ACEPH'ALOCYST, Acephalocys'tis, (F.) Aci-
  phalocyste, from a, privative,  Kt$a\-n, ' head,' and
  kujti;, 'bladder.'  A hydatiform vesicle, without
  head  or visible organs, ranked amongst the Ento-
  zoa, although possessed of few animated  charac-
  teristics.  In no  organ of the  body are acepha-
  locysts so frequently found as in the liver.  Gene-
  rally  it is the ' multiple acephalocyst,' A.  socia'-
  lie seu prolif'era, which is met with.  At times,
  however, it  is  the  'solitary acephalocyst,' A.
  eremi'ta seu ster'ilis.
    The acephalocystis endog"ena has a firm coat,
  and is  composed of different layers, which have
  numbers of smaller hydatids within them, and
  are thrown off  from the interior of the  parent
  cyst.  This species has hence  been termed en-
  dogena, to distinguish  it from the A. exog"e>m
  of ruminant animals, in which the young vesicles
  are developed from the  exterior of the parent
  vesicles.—See Hydatid.
    ACEPHALOGAS'TER,   Athoracoceph'alus,
  from a privative, KdpaXrj, 'head,'and yuarnp, 'the 
ACEPIIALOPODUS         2 5
ACETONE
belly.' A name given to monsters devoid of head,
chest, and  abdomen; or to those which have an
abdomen, but no chest or head.
  ACEPHALOP'ODUS, from  a,  priv.,  «0aX„,
'head,' and jtouj, no&os, 'foot.' A monster devoid
of head and feet.  The condition is called Acepha-
lopod'ia.
  ACEPHALORA'CHIA, from a,  priv., Ketpa\n,
'head,' and faxts, 'spine.' Monstrosity in which
there is absence of head and spine.
  ACEPHALOS'TOMA, from a, privative, »f£0aX^,
' head,' and trropa, ' mouth.' An acephalous foetus,
at the upper part of which  there is an opening
resembling a mouth.
  ACEPHALOTHORA'CIA, from a,  privative,
KeipaXp,  ' head,'  and  Sojpaf,  Siapaxoi:, ' thorax.'
Monstrosity in which there  is absence  of head
and chest.
  ACEPHALOTHO'RUS,  from   a,  privative,
KitpaXrj, 'head,'and Supaf,' chest,'Apectoceph'alus.
A monster devoid of  head or chest.
  ACEPH'ALOUS, from a, privative, and KetpaXn,
'head.'  (F.) Acephale.   A monster born devoid
of head.  The condition is called Acepha'lia. (F.)
Acephalie.
   ACER, Acrid.
   Acer  Palmifolium,  A. Saccharinum.
   Acer   Pennsylvan'icum,   Striped   Maple,
 Striped Dogwood.  A decoction of the bark has
 been used  internally  and externally in cutaneous
 affections ; and a decoction of the leaves and twigs
 is said to relieve nausea and vomiting.
   Acer  Rubrum, Red Maple; Indigenous.  The
 inner bark is  a mild astringent.  The  Indians
 use a decoction of it  for sore eyes.
   Acer  Sacchari'num, A. palmifo'lium.  Maple,
 Sugar Maple. (F.) Er-able, Ord., Aceraceae.  This
 tree contains a large amount of sweet sap, whence
 a considerable quantity of sugar may be extracted.
 AVhen purified, this sugar can scarcely be distin-
 guished  from that obtained from the cane.—See
 Saccharum.
   Acera'tes  Longifo'lia,  Long-leaved green
 Milkweed;  Order,  Asclepiadaceae;  indigenous,
 flowering in June and  July; has the properties
 of the order.   See Asclepias.
   ACERATO'SIS, from  a, privative, and xepas,
 Ktparos,  ' horn.'  Defective  development of the
 corneous tissue.
   ACERB', Acer'bus,  Stryphnos,  from   acer,
 'sharp.'   A savour, or taste, compounded of the
 acid, bitter, and astringent; such as is met with
 in  unripe fruits, <fcc.
   ACER'CUS,  from a,  privative,  and Kepxos 'a
 tail.'  A monster devoid of tail.—Gurlt.
   ACE'RIDES, Acero'des, from a, privative, and
 icnpos, ' wax.'   Plasters devoid of wax.—Galen.
   ACERODES, Acerides.
   ACERO'SUS, Achyro'des,  Pithyri'nus,  from
 ayvpov, ' chaff.'  Furfura'ceous.  An epithet used
 by Hippocrates for the  coarsest bread, made of
 flour not separated from the chaff.—Foesius.
   ACERVULUS CEREBRI.  See Pineal Gland
 —a. (Jlandulus Pinealis, see Pineal Gland.
   ACES'CENCY, Acescen'tia, from acescere, 'to
 grow sour,' (axis, 'a  point,' acer, 'sharp.')  A dis-
 position to acidity.   The humourists believed that
 the animal humours are susceptible of this change.
   ACKSIA, Cure.
   ACESINOSUS, Curative.
   ACES1S, Curation, Cure, Medicament.
   ACESMA, Medicament.
   ACES.MI US, Curable.
   ACESMUS, Cure.
   ACESODYNES, Anodyne.
   ACESOPHORUS, Curative.
   ACESTER, Physician.
   AC EST IS, Medicament.
   ACESTOR, Physician.
  ACESTORIA, Medicine.
  ACESTORIS, Midwife.
  ACESTOS, Curable.
  ACESTRA, Needle.
  ACESTRIA, Midwife.
  ACESTRIS, Midwife.
  ACESTRU.M, Medicament.
  ACETA MEDICATA, Acetica.
  ACETABULA UTERIXA, Cotyledons.
  ACETAB'ULUM, (F.) Acitabnle, from acetum,
' vinegar,' because  it resembles the old vinegar
vessel oxybaph'ion.  A measure capable of con-
taining the eighth  part of a modern pint.—Athe-
naeus.   Galen.   See Cotyloid.    According to
Castelli, the lobes or cotyledons of the placentae
of ruminating animals have been so called.
  Acetabulum, Cotyle, Cotyloid—a. Humeri, see
Glenoid—a. Marinum, Umbilicus marinus.
  ACETA'RIA, same  etymon.   A  salad or
pickle.
  ACETAS, Acetate.
  ACETATE,  Ace'tas.  (F.)  Acetate.  A  salt
formed by the union of the acetic acid with an
alkaline, earthy, or metallic base.  The acetates
chiefly used in medicine are the acetates of am-
monia, lead, potash, and zinc.
  ACE'TICA, Aee'ta Medica'ta.  (F.)  Vinaigrcs
Medicinaux.   Pharmaceutical  preparations of
vinegar.
  ACE'TICUM AC'IDUM,  Acidum Ace'ticum
for'titts seu forte seu purum  seu glaeia'le, Ace'-
tum radica'le, Oxos, Ace'tic Acid, Strong Ace'tons
Acid, Acidum Aceto'sum forte, Rad'ical Vin'egar,
Spir'itus  Ven'eris  (when made from  verdigris,)
Spirit of Verdigris.  Concentrated acetic acid,
prepared by decomposing an acetate  and  receiv-
ing  the  acetic  acid by distillation,  has  a  very
pungent and grateful odour, and an  acid  and
acrid taste.  Its s. g. is about 1.046,  and  it is
very volatile.
   It is stimulant, rubefacient, and escharotic, and
is applied to the nostrils  in  syncope,  asphyxia,
headache, <fec.   It destroys warts.
   An Aromatic  Spirit of Vinegar, Ac"idum Ace'-
ticum Camphora'tum, A. aceto'sum cfimphora'tuni,
is formed of this strong acid, f^x; Camphor, t^j ;
Alcohol, f^j.
   A strong Acetic Acid was ordered by the Lon-
don pharmacopoeia, prepared  from wood.   It was
called Vinegar of  wood, Improved  distilled Vine-
gar, Pyrolig'neous Acid, Ace'tum Ligno'rrtm, and
its strength was such, that 87 gr.  of crystallized
subcarbonate of soda should  saturate 100 grains
of the acid.
   Ac"idum Ace'ticum Diht'tum, A. A.  ten'it?, seu
debil'ius, Ace'tum  destilla'tum, Acidum  ace'ticum,
Acidum aceto'sttm destilla'tum. Distil'led vin'egar,
(F.) Acide  Acetique faible, Vinaigre disiiUe, is
prepared by distilling vinegar, until seven-eighths
have passed over.   An Acidum aceticum dilutum,
Diluted acetic acid, is made by mixing a pint of
the strong acetic acid with seven pints of distilled
water.—Ph. U.  S.   Its properties  are like those
of vinegar.
   Aceticum Martiale, Ferri Acetas.
   ACETOLAT, (F.) from acetum, vinegar.  A
liquid medicine resulting from the distillation of
vinegar on one  or more aromatic  vegetable sub-
stances,  and which  are formed of vinegar and
essential oils, or other volatile principles.—Beral.
   ACETOLATURE, same etymon.  A tincture,
formed by digesting a vegetable substance or sub-
stances in vinegar.—Beral.
   ACETOL£,  same etymon, Oxtole.  A medi-
cine, formed of distilled vinegar and  medicinal
principles dissolved in it.—Beral.
   ACETOMEL, Oxymel.
   ACETONE, Ac"cton, from acetum,  'vinegar. 
ACETOSA ALPINA
Spir'itus  pyro-ace'ticus  ligno'sns, Pyro-ace'tic
spirit, Pyro-ace'tic  Ether,  Mesit'ic   Al'cohol,
Bihydrnte of Mesit'ylcne, (F.)  Acetone ; errone-
ously called Naphtha and Wood Naphtha.  By
others, however,  the terms are applied to Py-
roxylic Spirit.  A limpid, colourless liquid, hav-
ing a peculiarly penetrating and slightly empy-
reumatic odour.  Its density in the liquid  state,
is almost the same as that of alcohol, 0.7921.  Its
taste  is disagreeable, and  analogous  to that  of
peppermint.  It is miscible  in all  proportions
with water, alcohol, and  ether.  It may be pre-
pared by distilling a mixture of two  parts  of
crystallized acetate of lead  and one part of quick-
lime in  a salt-glaze jar  (gray-beard,)  the  lower
part of the jar being coated with  fire-clay; and
a bent  glass  tube, half an  inch  in  diameter,
adapted to the  mouth by a cork, so as to form a
distillatory apparatus. The jar is supported  on
the mouth of a small furnace, by which the lower
part only is heated to redness, and the vapours
are conducted into a Liebig's condenser.  The
product is repeatedly redistilled from quicklime,
until  its boiling point is constant at 132°.
  It  has  been brought  forward  as a remedy in
phthisis  pulmonalis;  but  evidently  with un-
founded pretensions.  It is an excitant, and may
be serviceable  in chronic bronchitis.  The dose
is ten to forty drops  three times  a day, diluted
with water.
  ACETOSA   ALPINA,  Rumex  alpinus —a.
Nostras, Rumex  acetosa — a. Pratensis, Rumex
acetosa — a. Rotnana, Rumex  scutatus — a. Ro-
tundifolia, Rumex  scutatus — a. Scutata, Rumex
scutatus—a. Arulgaris, Rumex acetosa.
  ACE TOSELLA,  Oxalis acetosella.
  ACE'TUM, o|oj, Oxos, Ace'tum Vini seu Bri-
tan'nicum seu  Gal'licnrn, Common Vinegar, Aci-
dum ttceto'sitm, A'legnr,  Ace'tum  Cerevis'ice, (F.)
 Vinaigre ; from aKts, 'a  point,' acer, 'sharp.'  A
liquor obtained  by  the  acetous fermentation.
A'inegar has a pungent odour, and a pleasant acid
taste.  One fluid  ounce of the  Acetum of the
United  States Pharmacopoeia is saturated  by
about 35 grains  of crystallized  bicarbonate  of
soda.  It is refrigerant in fevers;  antiseptic, and
anti-narcotic;  and externally  is  stimulant and
discutient.
   Vinegar Whey  is  made by stirring  a  small
wineglassful of vinegar, sweetened with a dessert
spoonful of sugar, in  a pint of  milk ;  boiling  for
fifteen minutes, and straining.  Like  tamarind
whey it is an agreeable drink in febrile affections.
  Ace'tum  Aromat'iom, A.  Theriaca'le  seu
quatuor Jurum, Acidum  Ace'ticum Aromat'icum,
Thieves' Vinegar,   Vinegar of the four  Thieves,
Marseilles Vinegar, (F.)  Vinaigre Aromatique,
 V. des qitatre volenrs, (Rorismarin. cacum. sice,
Fol. Salvia} sing. t^j. Larund. for. sice. giv. Ca-
ryoph. cont. £*s. Acid. Acet. Oij. Macerate 7 days,
and filter.—Ph. E.)  Odour, pungent and aroma-
tic.   Used as a perfume.
  Acetum Britannicum, Acetum.
  Ace'tum  Canthar'idis,  Vinegar- of Cuntha-
rides, (Cantharid. in pulv. t^iij. Acid. acet. f5v.,
Acid, piji-olign. f.^xv:  Euphorb. in pulv.  crass.
^ss.  Mix the acids ; add the powders ; macerate
for seven days;  strain; express strongly, and
filter the liquor.—Ph. E.  The London College
macerates cantharid. ^ij in acid. acet. Oj.  (Imp.
meas.) for eight days ; expresses and strains.)  It
is used as a prompt vesicant.
  Ace'tum Col'chici, Vinegar of meadow saffron.
(Colchic. rad.'corrtus.  ^ij ;  Acid, acetic, dilitt.  vel
Acet. destillat. Oij ; Ph. U. S. 1851.  It may also
be made by displacement.)  It is used  as  a diu-
retic, and also in gout.   Dose f^ss. to f.^iss.
  Aceti m Destillatum;  see  Aceticum acidum
—a. Gallicum, A,cetum — a. Lignorum: see Ace-
ACHILLEA  AGERATUM
ticum acidum—a. Mulsum dulce,  Oxyglycus—a.
Opii, Guttse Nigra;—a. Plumbicum seu Satumi-
num,  Liquor  Plumbi subacetatis — a. Quatuor
furuin, Acetum Aromaticum—a. Radicale, Aceti-
cum Acidum—a. Rosatum, Oxyrrhodinon.
  Acetum  Scill>e,  Acidum Ace'ticum Seillit'-
icurn,   Vinegar of Squills, (F.) Vinaigre  scilli-
tique,  (Scillee  contus.  3jiv; Acet. destillat. Oij;
Ph. U. S.  It  may also be  made by  displace-
ment.)  Diuretic, expectorant, and emetic.  l)o.-o
f^ss to SJij as a diuretic  and  expectorant.  It
may also be made by the process of displacement.
  Acetum  Theriacale, Acetum aromaticum.
  ACEYTE DE SAL.  A remedy for broncho-
cele used in S. America.   Roulin found it to con-
tain a portion  of iodine.
  AC11ACANA.  A  species of cactus, in the pro-
vince  of Potosi in Peru.   Its  root is thick and
fleshy, and of a conical shape.   It is a  good edi-
ble, and is  sold in the markets  of  the country.
  ACHAL YBHEMIE.  See Chlorosis.
  ACHANACA.  A   plant  of  the kingdom  of
Mely in Africa.  It is used by  the natives  as an
antisyphilitic.
  ACHAOVAN, a species of Egyptian chamo-
mile.—Prosper Alpinus.
  ACHAOVAN-ABIAT.   The  Egyptian  name
of Cineraria maritima, used in female diseases.
  ACHAR, Atehar.
  ACHE, Pain.
  ACHE, Apium graveolens—a. des Montagues,
Ligustioum levisticum.
  ACIIEI'LIA, Achi'lia, from a, priv., and xet^os,
'lip.'   A malformation, consisting in a deficiency
of a lip or  lips.
  ACHEI'LUS, Achi'lus:  same  etymon.   One
who is without lips.
  ACHEIR, Achir, De'manns,  from a, privative,
and xnP* 'hand.'   One devoid of hands.—Galen.
  ACHEI'RIA, Achi'ria:  same  etymon.   The
state of being devoid of hands.
  ACHER01S, Populus.
  ACHIA, Achiar.   A name given in India to
the pickled shoots of the bamboo.
  Achia, Atehar.
  ACHIAR, Aehia.
  ACHICOLUM, Acliit'olus,  Hidrote'rion, Sn-
da'rium, Fornix, Tholus, Sudnto'riurn, Sit'datory,
Sweating-house,  Sweating-bath.   The  sweating-
room in the ancient bagnios.
  ACHILLA,  Aeheilia.
 ' ACHILLE, TENDON D\ Achillis tendo.
  ACHILLE'A AGE'RATUM, A. visco'sa, B.d-
sami'ta fa:min'ea,  Eupato'rium MEs'lES, Age'ru-
tum, Cos'tus hor-to'ritrn minor, Maudlin, Maudlin
Tansey; (F.)  Achillee  Visquense; Ord. Compo-
sitae;  Sex. Syst.  Syngenesia  Polygamia  Super-
flua,— has  the same  properties as tansey, bitter
and aromatic,  and is used in like affections.
  Achille'a  Atra'ta, Heibn  Gcu'ipi  vcri, (F.)
Achillee  Noire, has similar virtues.
  Achille'a  Millefolium,  Achille'n  Mr/rio-
phyl'lon, Chrysoc'oma, Millefo'lirurr, Clii/iophtj/'-
lon, Lumbits Ven'eris,  Common  Yarrow or- Mil-
foil.   (F.)  Millefci/lc, Herbe artx charpentiers.
The leaves and flowers  have an  aromatic smell,
and a rough, bitterish, somewhat  pungent  taste.
They have been used  in dyspepsia, "flatulence"
hemorrhage, &c.   An extract of the plant  made
with proof spirit, has been  called AchithV'num  -
and is  used by the Italians in intermittent fever
  Achille'a  Moscha'ta, an  Alpine plant, has
been esteemed diaphoretic and vulnerary (?)   A
volatile oil called Esprit  d'lvn, is obtained from
it  in Switzerland, which  is much  prized  for its
musky odour.   It 19  said,  by Merat and De Lens
to be the Genipi of the Savoyards, which is u*u'
ally referred to Artemisia rupestris.
  Achille'a  Ptar'mica,  Ptur'mka, P.  Vulga'
G 
ACHILLEE NOIRE        2 7                   ACID
ris,  Pscudo py'rethrum,  Pyrethrum  sylren'tre,
Draco  Hijlccs'tris, Tarchon  syfrestris, Sternuta-
mento'rin,  Dracun'cuius Pratcu'sis, Sneeze-wort,
Bastard  Pel'litory.  (F.) Herbe d eternuer.  The
roots  and  flowers have a hot, biting taste, ap-
proaching  that  of pyrethrum.   Their principal
use is as a masticatory and sialogogue.
  Achillea ViscosA, A. Ageratum.
  ACHILLEE   NOIRE, Achillea  atrata — a.
Visqrieuse, Achillea ageratum.
  ACHILLETNUM,  see Achillea Millefolium.
  ACHILLE'IS.  A beautiful species of barley,
mentioned  by  Theophrastus  and  Galen, called
after  Achilles, a  labourer.  The decoction  was
used in fevers and jaundice.—Hippocrates.
  ACHILLEUM. Telepheum.
  ACHIL'LIS  TENDO,  Funis  Hippoc'ratis,  j
Corda seu Chorda Hippoc'ratis, Corda magna,
Nervits lotus, (F.) Tendon d'Achille.  The strong
tendon of the gastrocnemii muscles above the
heel:  so called, because it was the only vulner-
able part of Achilles, or because of its strength.
See Tendon.
  ACIIILUS, Acheilus.
  ACHIMBASSI.   An archiater or chief of phy-
sicians.  A name given, at  Grand  Cairo, to  a
magistrate who licenses physicians.
  ACHIR, Acheir.
  AC1IIRIA, Acheiria.
  ACHITOLUS, Achicolum.
  ACIILYS, Caligo.
   ACHMELLA, Spilanthus acmella.
   ACHNE. Lint.   See  Linteum.   Also, small
mucous  flocculi seen in front of the cornea.—
Hippocrates.
   ACHOL'IA, from a, privative, and x°^i> 'bile.'
Deficiency or want of bile.  Also, Asiatic cholera.
   A'CHOLUS: same etymon.   One deficient in
bile.
   ACHOR, Porrigo larvalis.
   ACHO'RES.   A term often employed by the
ancients to designate  both crusta  lac'tea, and
small  superficial ulcerations on  the skin of the
face and head.   See  Porrigo Larvalis.
   Achores Capitis, Porrigo scutulata.
   ACHORION SCHONLEINI.  See Porrigo fa-
vosa.
   ACHORIS'TUS, from a, priv., and xW&i <J
separate.'   Any sign which necessarily accompa-
nies a state of health or disease.
   ACHOUROU.  The Caraib name for  a species
of myrtle used in dropsy.
   ACHRAS AUSTRALIS,  Sapota — a. Sapota,
Sapota — a. Zapota,  Sapota.
   ACIIROI, Achromatis'ti, Achro'mati, Achro'rni,
from a, privative, and ^pw/m, 'colour.' Pale indi-
viduals.—Hippocrates.  It is nearly synonymous
with Xetipaip.01, leipltce'mi, persons without colour;
 bloodless.
   ACIIRO'MA,  Chloasma album,  Leucopathi'a
 pat-tin'Us acquis'ita.  Partial privation of colour
of  the skin.
   ACHROMASIA, Decoloration.
   ACHROMATI, Achroi.
   ACHRO.M AT'IC,Achromat'icus: same etymon.
 A lens, so constructed as to correct the aberration
 of refrangibility of common lenses, is so termed.
 The Cri/stalline  is an achromatic lens.
   ACIIUOMATISTI, Achroi.
   ACHROMATOPSIA, Achromatop'sy,  Chroma-
 topscudop'sia,  Chromatometablep'sia, Dyschroma-
 top'sin,  Parachro'ma,  Pseudochro''rniit,  Parora'-
 sis  Visits  de'color,  Colour  blindness, Idiopt'cy,
 IUI'tonism, from a, privative,  \ooiua.  'colour,'
 and oTToitui, ' I see.'  Incapability of distinguish-
 in^ colours; a defect situate in the cerebral part
 oAhe visual  organ.  Persons so circumstanced
 have  been termed, by Mr. Whewell, Itliopts.  See
 Acyanoblepsia and Anerythropsia.
  ACIIROMT, Achroi.
  ACHROMODEHMIE. see Albino.
  ACHROMOTRICHOMIE. see Albino.
  ACHRYSTALLODIAPHANIE,  see   Cata-
ract.
  ACHYLO'SIS, from  a, privative,  and xuAo?,
'juice, chyle.'  Defective chylosis  or  formation
of chyle.
  ACHYMO'SIS,  from a, privative,  and xvPL°St
'juice, chyme.'  Defective chymification.
  ACHYRAN'THES REPENS, Illice'brum po-
lygono'ides,  Forty  Knot; indigenous.   Order,
Amaranthaeeae.   A decoction   of  the plant  U
drunk as a diuretic in dropsy, ischuria, <fec.
  ACHYRODES, Acerosus.
  ACHYRON, Furfur.
  A'CIA, from okis, a point.  A word used by
Celsus, which has puzzled commentators,— some
believing it to  have meant a needle; others  the
thread; and others, again, the kind  of  suture.
"Acia mollis, non nimis  torta."—Celsus,  Galen.
(Chifliet  thinks it  meant the thread.—Antwerp,
1638.)
   ACID,  Ac"idus, Oxys.  (F.) Acide, Aigre, from
ma?, aKiSog,  'a point;' sharp; sour; especially as
applied  to  odorous or  sapid  substances.  The
French also  use the term aigre, when referring
to the voice, in the sense of sharp and shrill: —
as nne voix  aigre, vox aspera.
   Acid, Acetic, Aceticum acidum—a. Acetic, of
commerce,  Pyroligneous acid—a  Acetic, dilute,
see Aceticum acidum — a. Acetous, strong, Ace-
ticum acidum — a.  Aerial, Carbonic acid — a.
Antimonious,  Antimonium  diaphoretieum — a.
Arsenious, Arsenicum album—a. Auric, see Gold
— a.  Azotic, Nitric acid — a. Benzoic, Benjamin,
flowers of—a. Benzuric,  Hippuric acid—a. Bezo-
ardic, Uric  acid—a. Boric, Boracic acid—a. Cal-
careous, Carbonic acid—a. Calculous, Uric acid.
   ACID,  CARBAZOT'lC,  Ac" id am Carbazot'icnm,
Carboni'trie or Picric acid, Welter's  Bitter, (F.)
Acide Carbazotique.  This  acid  is  frequently
formed by the action of  concentrated nitric acid
on animal and  vegetable substances.   It,  as well
as the carbazotates, is tonic and astringent.
   Acid,  Carbonaceous,  Carbonic acid — a. Car-
bonitric, Acid Carbazotic — a. Carbonous, Oxalic
acid — a. Caseic, Lactic  acid — a.  Chromic, see
Chromic acid—a. Citric, Citric acid—a. Crotonic,
see Croton tiglium—a. Cyanhydric, Hydrocyanic
acid—a. Cyanohydric, Hydrocyanic acid—a. Ga-
lactic, Lactic acid — a. Gastric, Gastric juice.
   Acid,  Gallic, Ac"idum GnU'icum.  (F.) Acidc
Gallique. This acid is found in most of the astrin-
gent plants that contain tannic  acid of the kind
obtained  from galls.  It is in delicate silky nee-
dles, usually somewhat yellowish, inodorous, and
of a  harsh,  somewhat astringent taste.   It  dis-
solves in one  hundred  parts of cold  and three
parts of boiling water.  It is very soluble  in alco-
hol, and but slightly so in ether.
   It has been highly extolled in internal hemor-
rhage, especially from  the urinary  organs  and
uterus.   Dose from ten  to twenty grains.
   The last Pharmacopoeia of the  United States
 (1851) directs it to be made by exposing a thin
 paste of powdered  galls and distilled water for a
 month, adding the water from time  to time to pre-
 serve the  consistence;   expressing  the  paste;
 boiling  the residue in  distilled water; filtering
 through animal charcoal, and crystallizing.
   Acid, Hippu'riC, Ac"idum Hippu'ricum, Uro-
 ben'zoic,  U'rino-benzo'ic  or Benzu'ric acid.   An
 acid found  in the urine of graminivorous animals.
 It is contained in human urine, especially after
 benzoic acid has been taken.   See  Hippuria.
   Acid,  Hydriod'ic,   Ac"idum   Hydriod'icnm.
 This acid is made by mixing solutions of iodide
 of potassium and tartaric acid; filtering the liquor 
ACIDE ACETIQUE FAIBLE   28         ACIDUM  ACETICUM
to separate the bitartrate of potassa, and adding
water to make the resulting hydriodic acid of
definite strength.
  It has been used in the same cases as the pre-
parations of iodine in general, but is rarely  em-
ployed.
  Acid, Hydrochloronitric, Nitro-muriatic acid
—a. Hydrocyanic, Hydrocyanic acid—a. Hydro-
cyanic, dilute, see Hydrocyanic acid—a. Hydro-
sulphuric, Hydrogen, sulphuretted—a. Hydrothi-
onic, Hydrogen,  sulphuretted—a. Igasuric:  see
Jatropha curcas.
  Acid,  Iodic, Ac"idum,  Iod'icum,  (F.)  Acide
lodique. This is  obtained by boiling iodine with
nitric  acid;  or by decomposing iodate of baryta
by  dilute sulphuric acid.  It is a white, transpa-
rent solid,  slightly deliquescent, and very soluble
in  water.  It has  been given  with sulphate of
quinia in hoarseness, scrofula, incipient phthisis,
chronic  inflammation, syphilis, etc.   Dose three
to six grains, or more.
  Acid, Lactic, see Lactic acid.
  Acid of Lemons, Citric acid—a. Lithenic, Uric
acid—a. Lithiasic, Uric acid—a. Lithic,  Uric  acid
—a. Marine  Dephlogisticated, Chlorine—a. Lac-
tic, Lactic acid—a.  Marine dulcified,  Spiritus
aetheris  muriatici—a. Mephitic, Carbonic acid—
a. of Milk, Lactic acid—a. Muriatic, see  Muria-
ticum  acidum—a. Muriatic, dilute, Muriaticum
acidum—a. Nanceic,  Lactic acid—a. Nitric,  see
Nitric acid—a. Nitric, dilute,  see Nitric acid—
a.  Nitro-hydrochloric, Nitro-muriatic  acid — a.
Nitro-muriatic,  see Nitro-muriatic acid—a. Ni-
trous, dephlogisticated, Nitric acid—a. Oxysep-
tonic,  Nitric acid—a. Picric, Acid,  carbazotic
—a. Polygalic,  see Polygala  senega—a. Prus-
sic, Hydrocyanic acid—a. Pyroligneous, see Ace-
ticum acidum—a. Pyrolignic, Pyroligneous  acid
—a. Rosacic, see Porphyruria—a. of Sorrel, Oxa-
lic acid—a. of Sugar, Oxalic acid—a. Sulphhydric,
Hydrogen sulphuretted—a. Sulpho-hydric,  Hy-
drogen  sulphuretted — a.  Sulphuric,  see  Sul-
phuric acid—a.  Tannic, Tannin—a. Uric,  Uric
acid—a. Urino-benzoic, Acid, hippuric—a. Uro-
benzoic, A.  Hippuric—a.  Urous, Uric  oxide—a.
Urylic, Uric acid.
   ACIDE ACETIQUE FAIBLE, see  Aceticum
acidum—a. Azotique,  Nitric acid—a. Boracique,
Boracic acid—a. Chromiqne,  Chromic acid—a.
 Gallique, Acid, gallic—o. Hydroeyanique, Hydro-
cyanic acid—a. Hydrosulfurique, Hydrogen, sul-
phuretted—a. lodique, Acid, iodic—a. Lactique,
Lactic acid—a.  Nitrique, Nitric acid—a. Phos-
 phorique,  Phosphoric  acid—a. Prussique, Hydro-
 cyanic acid—«. PyroacStique,  Pyroligneous  acid
—a. Pyrolignique, Pyroligneous acid—a. Sulfu-
 reux,  Sulphurous acid—a.  Sulfurique,  Sulphuric
 acid—a. Sulfurique delay6, Sulphuricum  acidum
 dilutum— a. Tannique,  Tannin — a. Tartrique,
 Tartaric acid—a. Urique, Uric acid.
    ACIDITATIO, Acidities.
    ACID'ITIES,  Aco'res,  Acidita'tio,  Ac"idum
 morbo'sum seu prima'rum via'rum, Ox'ytes, Sordes
 ac'idm, (F.) Aigreurs.  Sourness of the stomach,
 the result of indigestion, indicated  by  acid  eruc-
 tations, etc.  The affection is very common in
 children,  and must  be obviated by absorbents,
 as magnesia, chalk, etc., and by regulated diet.
    ACIDOLOG"IA, from  axis, aKifios, 'a point, a
 sharp instrument,' and Xoyos, 'a description.'   A
 description of surgical instruments.
    ACIDOM'ETER, (F.) Acidometre, Plse-acide,
 from  acid, and ucrpov, 'measure.'  A hydrometer
 for determining  the density of acids.
    ACIDS, Ac"ida, Aco'res, are liquid, solid,  or
 gaseous bodies,  possessed of a sour, more or less
 caustic taste, and the principal character of which
 is the capability  of saturating, wholly  or in part,
 the alkaline properties of bases.
  Acids, in general, are refrigerant and  antisep-
tic.  Their particular uses  are pointed out under
the individual articles.                    .
  To  ACID'ULATE, (F.) Aiguiser; Aciduler.
To render acidulous, or slightly  acid.
  ACID'ULOUS, Acid'ulus, Suba"cidus, Oxo des,
Oxoi'des, (F.) Acidttle, Aigrelet.  Substances are
so called which possess a sourish taste, as tama-
rinds, cream of tartar, etc.
  Acidulous Fruits.  Oranges,  gooseberries, etc.
  Acidulous Waters, Aqua Acidulce.   Mineral
waters containing carbonic acid gas  sufficient to
render them sourish.   See AVaters, mineral.
  Acidulous Water, Simple, Aqua Ac"idi  Car-
bon'ici  (Ph. U. S.)  Aqua  a'cris fixi seu acid'-
ula simplex, Liquor seu Aqua Sodoe efferrcs'cens,
Aqua Carbona'tis Sodoe acid'ula, Soda water, Mi-
neral water,  (F.)  Eatt acidttle  simple,  is water
impregnated with fixed air.
  AVater, so impregnated, is cooling and slightly
stimulating.  It is used beneficially in dyspepsia,
and in cases of vomiting, etc.
  ACIDUM  ACETICUM, Aceticum acidum—a.
Aceticum aromaticum, Acetum aromaticum—a.
Aceticum camphoratum, see Aceticum  acidum—
a. Aceticum  dilutum, see  Aceticum  acidum—a.
Aceticum e Ligno venale,  Pyroligneous acid—a.
Aceticum empyreumaticum, Pyroligneous acid—
a. Aceticum glaciale, Aceticum  acidum—a.  Ace-
ticum Scilliticum, Acetum scillae—a. Acetosella?,
Oxalic  acid—a. Acetosum, Acetum—a. Allantoi-
cum, Allantoic acid—a. Amnicum, Amniotic acid
—a. Arsenicosum, Arsenious acid—a.  Arsenio-
sum (Ph. U. S.), Arsenicum album—a. Azoticum,
Nitric  acid—a. Benzoicum, Benjamin,  Flowers
of—a.  Benzoylicum, Benzoin,  Flowers  of—a.
Boracicum, Boracic acid—a. Borussicum, Hydro-
cyanic  acid—a. Carbazoticum, Acid, carbazotic—
a. Carbonicum, Carbonic acid—a. Citricum, Citric
acid—a. Gallicum, Acid, gallic—a. Hydriodieum,
Acid,  hydriodic — a.  Hydrocarbonicum,  Oxalic
acid—a. Hydrochloricum, Muriaticum acidum—
a. Hydrocyanicum, Hydrocyanic acid—a. Hydro-
cyanicum  dilutum,   see  Hydrocyanic  acid — a.
Hydrothionicum liquidum, see Hydrosulphuretted
water—a. Iodicum, Acid, iodic—a. Jatrophicum,
see Jatropha curcas—a. Lacticum, Lactic acid—
a.  Ligneum, Pyroligneous acid—a.  Ligni pyro-
oleosum,  Pyroligneous acid—a. Lignorum empy-
reumaticum, Pyroligneous acid—a. Limonis, Ci-
tric acid—a. Lithicum, Uric acid—a.  Marinum
concentratum, Muriaticum  acidum — a. Morbo-
sum, Acidities—a. Muriaticum, Muriaticum aci-
dum—a. Muriaticum dilutum, Muriaticum acidum
— a.  Muriaticum  nitroso-oxygenatum, Nitro-
muriatic  acid — a.  Nitri,  Nitric acid — a.  Nitri
dulcificatum, Spiritus aetheris  nitrici—a. Nitri-
cum, Nitric acid—a.  Nitricum dilutum,  Nitric
acid—a. Nitro-muriaticum, Nitro-muriatic acid—
a.  Oxalinum, Oxalic  acid—a.  Phosphoricum,
Phosphoric acid — a. Picricum, Acid,  carbazotic
—a. Primarum viarum, Acidities—a. Prussicum,
 Hydrocyanic  acid—a. Pyroaceticum,  Pyrolig-
 neous  acid—a. Pyroligneum,  Pyroligneous acid
 —a. Pyroxylicum, Pyroligneous acid—a. Querci-
 tannicum, Tannin—a. Sacchari,  Oxalic acid—a.
 Saccharinum, Oxalic acid—a.  Salis, Muriaticum
 acidum—a. Salis  culinaris, Muriaticum acidum—■
 a. Salis marini, Muriaticum acidum—a.  Scytode-
 phicum,  Tannin—a. Septicum,  Nitric  acid—a.
 Succinicum, Succinio acid—a.  Sulphuricum, Sul-
 phuric acid—a. Sulphuricum alcoolisatum, Elixir
 acidum Halleri — a. Sulphuricum  aromaticum,
 Sulphuric acid,  aromatic—a.  Sulphuricum dilu-
 tum, Sulphuric acid, diluted—a. Sulphuris vola-
 tile, Sulphurous acid—a. Sulphurosicum, Sulphu-
 rous acid—a. Tannicum,  Tannin—a. Tartari es-
 sentiale, Tartaric acid—a. Tartaricum, Tartaric,
 acid—a. Tartarosum, Tartaric acid--a. Uricuni, 
ACIDURGIA
29
ACONITUM
Uric acid—a. Urolithicum, Uric acid—a. Vitrio-
licum, Sulphuric acid — a. Vitriolicum aromati-
cum,  Sulphuricum  acidum aromaticum — a.  Vi-
triolicum alcohole aromaticum, Sulphuricum aci-
dum aromaticum—a. Vitriolicum vinosum, Elixir
acidum Halleri—a. Zooticum, Hydrocyanic acid
—a. Zootinicum, Hydrocyanic acid.
  ACIDURGIA, Surgery (operative).
  AC I Ell, Cbalybs.
  ACIES,  Chalybs—a. Digitorum  manus, Pha-
langes of the fingers—a. Diurna, Hemeralopia.
  ACIXE, Acinus.
  ACINE'SIA,  Acine'sis,  Akine'sia,  Immobil'i-
tas, Quies, Requies, Requie'tio, Esych'ia, Erem'ia,
from  a, privative, and Ktvnois, 'motion,' Ktveur, 'I
move.'   Rest.   Immobility.  Also,  the interval
between the  systole and diastole of the heart—
Parasystole.
  Under the  term Acineses,  Romberg includes
the paralytic  neuroses, or those that are charac-
terized  by defect of motive power.
  ACINI  OF  MALPIGHI,  Corpora Malpig-
hiana.
  ACINIFORMIS (TUNICA), Choroid, Uvea.
  ACINUS, A. glandulo'sus, from  ac"inus, 'a
grape-stone,'  (F.) Aciue.   A glandiform  corpus-
cle,  in  which  secretion was supposed to take
place, and the excretory radicle to arise.   Acini
are  the glob'uli arter-ia'ritm ter'mini of Nichols.
The term ac"ini glandulo'si has also been given
to glands which, like the pancreas, are arranged,
as it were, in clusters.  Glands thus formed have
been called glan'duloB acino'soe.  See Lobule.
  ACIPENSER, see Ichthyocolla.
  ACIURGIA,  Surgery (operative).
  ACLEITROCARDIA, Cyanopathy.
  ACMAS'TICUS, from aKuri, 'the top,'and araixr,
' I  remain.'  A fever which preserves an equal
degree of  intensity throughout its  course.  It is
also  called Homot'onos.  The Greeks gave it the
name of Epacmas'ticos, and Syn'ochos, when it
went on -increasing, and Paracmas'ticos, when it
decreased.—Galen.
   ACME,  Vigor, Cor'yplie,  Culmina'tio,  Status,
Fastitf'ium.  The  period  of a  disease at which
the symptoms are most violent.  Arclte, Apx"> is
'the  commencement;'  anab'asis,  avafiaatg,  'the
period  of increase;' and acme, aKun, 'the height,'
(F.) Etat.
   ACMELLA,  Spilanthus acmella—a. Mauriti-
ana.,  Spilanthus acmella.
   ACMON, Incus.
   ACNE, Acna, Ion'thus varus, Varrw, Psydra'cia
Acne,  Stone Pock,  Whelk, Bubucle,  (F.) Acne,
Dartre pustuleuse  disseminee.  A  small  pimple
or  tubercle  on  the face. — Gorrseus.  Foesius
thinks  the word ought  to be Acme; and,  accord-
ing to  Cassius,  it is, at all events, derived from
aKprj, 'vigour;'  the disease affecting those in  the
vigour of life especially.
   Willan and Bateman have adopted the  term in
their Nosology  of cutaneous diseases, and placed
it in  the order Tubercula.  Acne, with them, is
an  eruption of distinct, hard, inflamed tubercles,
sometimes continuing  for a considerable, length
of  time, and sometimes suppurating slowly and
partially.  They usually appear on  the forehead,
temples, and chin, and are common to both sexes;
but the most severe forms are seen in young men.
 They require but little management, and  consist
 of  four varieties :   Acne,  iitdiira'ta, A. simplex,
 (Haplo'dcne), A. puncta'ta (Iirn'thus varus punc-
 ta'tus  Punctas  muco'sas,  Crino'nes, Comedo'nes
 or  Magi/ot Pimple,  Worms, Grubs), and A. rosa'-
 ce„.—See  Gutta Rosea.
   Acne Mestacra. Sycosis—a. Rosacea, Gutta
 Rosea__a. 0f the Throat, Pharyngitis,  follicu-
lar.
   ACNE'MIA, Akne'mia, from a, privative, and
 Kvnprj, 'the leg.'  Absence of legs.
   ACNE, Acne—a. Mollusco'ide,  Molluscum.
   ACNES'TIS, from a, privative, and Kvaetv, 'to
 scratch.'  The part of the spine which extends,
 in quadrupeds, from between the shoulders to the
 loins.  According  to Pollux, the middle of the
 loins.  The vertebral column.
   ACNESTOS, Cneorum tricoccum.
   ACOE, Audition, Ear.
   ACQS'LIOS, from a, privative, and xotXia, 'belly.'
 Devoid of belly.   One  who is so  emaciated as to
 appear to have no belly.—Galen.
   ACOKMETER,  Acoumeter.
   ACOEMETRUM, Acoumeter.
   ACOENOSI, Aconusi.
   ACOESIS, Audition.
   ACOGNOSIA, Pharmacognosia.
   ACOLASIA, Intemperance.
   ACOLOGY, Materia Medica.
   ACONE, Mortar.
   ACONIT A GRANDS FLEURS, Aconitum
 cammarum—a. Salutaire, Aconitum anthora.
   ACONITA, see Aconitum  napellus.
   ACONITE, Aconitum.
   ACONITI FOLIA,  see Aconitum—a.  Radix,
 see Aconitum.
   ACONITIA, see Aconitum napellus.
   ACONITIN, see Aconitum napellus.
   ACONITINE, see Aconitum napellus.
   ACONITIUM, see Aconitum napellus.
   ACONI'TUM, from  Ac'one, a  place in Bithy-
 nia, where it is  common.   Cynoc'tonon, Parda-
 lian'ches,  Pardalian'chum,  Canici'da, Ac'onite,
  Wolfsbane,  Monkshood.  Ord.  Ranunculacea?.
 Sex. Syst.  Polyandria Trigynia.
   Aconitum, Aconite,  in the Pharmacopoeia of
 the United States, 1842, is  the leaves of Aconi-
 tum napellus, and A. paniculatum.   In  the  last
 edition, 1851, Aconiti folia is the officinal name
 for  the  leaves,  Aconiti radix for that of the
 root.
   Aconi'tum  An'thora,  A.  Salutif'ernm  seu
 Nemoro'sum seu Candol'lei seu Jacquini seu Eu'/o-
 phum seu Anthoroideum, An'thora vulga'ris, An'-
 thora,  Antith'ora,  Sal'utary  Monkshood,  Whole-
 some Wolfsbane,  Yellow helmet flower, (F.) Aeon it
 salutaire.  The root of this variety, as of all the
 rest, is poisonous.   It  is used as a cathartic and
 anthelmintic.  Dose ^ss to Qj.
   Aconitum Anthoroideum, A. anthora.
   Aconi'tum Cam'marim, A. panicula'tum, A.
 macran'thum,  A.  Kusnezo'vii,  (F.) Aconit  d
 grands fleurs, resembles Aconitum Napellus in
 properties.
   Aconitum  Candollei,  A. anthora—a. Eulo-
 phum, A. anthora.
   Aconitum Ferox, a most violent ranunculaceous
 poison, which  grows in Nepaul,  and is the Bish
 or Bikh poison of that country.  Its effects are
 like those of the Aconitum Napellus.
   Aconitum Jacquini,  A. anthora—a. Kusnezovii,
 A. cammarum—a. Macranthum,  A. cammarum.
   Aconi'tum  Napel'lus,  Aconi'tum Napel'lus
 vents, Common Jlonkshood or Wolfsbane, A. Nc-
 omonta'num, (F.) Chaperon de Moine.  The leaves
 are narcotic, sudorific,  and deobstruent (?) They
 have been used in chronic rheumatism, scrofula,
 scirrhus, paralysis, amaurosis, etc.  The  active
 principle is called  Aconit'ia, Aconiti'na, Aconi'ta,
 Aconit'inm or Aconitine.  A form for  its prepara-
 tion is contained in the Ph.  U. S. (1S51).  It is
 made by treating an alcoholic extract of the  root
 with dilute sulphuric acid; precipitating by solu-
 tion of ammonia;  dissolving the  precipitate in
 dilute sulphuric acid; treating with animal char-
1 coal; again precipitating with solution of ammo- 
ACONUSI
30
ACRID
'tit'a; washing  with water,  and drying.  It re-
 quires 150 parts of cold and 50 of boiling water
 to dissolve it, but is readily dissolved by alcohol
 and ether.  It neutralizes the acids, and  forms
 with them  uncrystallizable  salts.  It has  been
 used internally,  and  especially applied  exter-
 nally, in neuralgic cases, iatraleptically and en-
 dermically.  Dose of Aconitum, gr. j. to gr. iij.
   Aconitum Nemokosum, A. anthora—a. Neo-
 montanum, A. napellus—a. Paniculatum, A. cam-
marum—a.  Racemosum, Actsea spicata—a. Salu-
 tit'erum, A.  anthora.
   Aconitum Uncina'tum, Wild Monkshood, in-
 digenous, is said  to have  similar virtues  with
 Aconitum napellus.
   ACONU'St,  Acoen'osr, Acoon'osi,  from aKon,
 'audition,' and  vovoos, 'disease.'  Morbi au'rium
 et audi'tus.   Diseases of the ear and audition.
   ACOONOSI, Aconusi.
   ACOPIS.  Same etymon as the next.   Pliny
 gives this  name to a precious stone, which was
 boiled in oil and used against weariness.
   AC'OPON, from a, privative, and*o7roj, 'weari-
 ness.' A remedy against weariness—Foesius, Gor-
 raeus, <fec. Ac'opum,—Celsus, Pliny. SeeAnagyris.
   ACOPRIA, Constipation.
   ACOPROSIS, Constipation.
   ACOR  BENZOINUS,  Benjamin —a. Boraci-
 cus, Boracic acid—a. Succineus, Succinic  acid—
 a. Sulphuris, Sulphuric  acid—a. Tartaricus, Tar-
 taric acid.
   ACORE  BATARD,  Iris pseudacorus — a.
 Faux,  Iris pseudacorus — a.  Odorant,  Acorus
 calamus.
   ACORES, Acids, and Acidities.
   ACOR'IA, from a, privative, and xopeur, 'I sa-
 tiate.'   An inordinate or  canine appetite.—Hip-
 pocrates.
   ACORI'TES. A wine made of Acorns.—Dios-
 corides.
   ACOR'MUS,  from a,  privative,  and  Kopuos,
 'trunk.'  A monster devoid of a trunk.—Gurlt.
   ACORN, JUPITER'S, Fagus  castanea —a.
 Oily, Guilandina moringa — a. Sardinian, Fagus
 tastanea.
   ACORNS.  See Quercus alba.
   ACORUS ADULTERINUS, Iris pseudacorus.
   Ac'ORUS  Cal'amus, A.  Vents setlBrazilien'sis,
 Cnl'amus Aromat'icus seu Odora'tus seu Vulga-
 ris,  Typhn Aromat'ica,  Clava Rugo'sa, Sweetflag
 or Ac'orns, F/ngroot, Sweet  cane,  Myrtle  Flag,
 Sweet grass, Sweet  root, Sweet rush.  (F.) Jonc
 rnseau ou  Cnnne  aromatique,  Aeore  odorant.
 Ord. Aroideae ; Acoraceae. (Lindley.)  Sex. Syst.
 Hexandria  Monogynia.   The rhizoma—Cal'amus
 (Ph. U. S.—is  stomachic and carminative, but is
 larely used. It is  regarded as a good adjuvant
 to bark and quinia in intermittents.
   Acorus Palustris, Iris pseudacorus—a. Vul-
 garis, Iris pseudacorus.
   ACOS, Medicament.
   ACOS'MIA,  from a, privative, and Koo-po;, 'or-
 der,  ornament.'   Disorder,  irregularity in  the
 critical days, according to  Galen, who  uses the
 word Koopos for regularity in  those days.  Others,
 and particularly Pollux, call bald persons aKoopot,
 because they are deprived of one of their most
 beautiful ornaments.
   ACOU'METER, Acouom'eter, Acoem'eter, Aco-
 eni'etrum, Acti'meter, Acnsim'eter, (F.) Acoumltre,
 from axovor, 'I hear,' and nerpov, 'measure.'  An
 instrument designed by M. Itard  for measuring
 the degree of hearing.
   ACOUMETRE, Acoumeter.
   ACOUOPHO'NIA,  Copho'nia;  from  okovw,
 'I hear,' and tporvn, 'voice,'  "Auscultatory Per-
 cus'sion."   A mode of auscultation, in which the
observer places his ear on the chest, and analyzes
the sound produced by percussion.—Donn6.
  ACOUS'MA, an imaginary noise.   Depraved
sense of hearing.
  ACOUS'TIC, Acus'ticus, (F.) Acoustiqnc.  That
which belongs to the ear;  as Acoustic nerve,
Acoustic trumpet.
  Acoustic Medicine is one  used in diseased
audition.                ^
  ACOUSTICO-MALLEEN, Laxator tympani.
  Acous'tics, Acus'tica.   (F.)  Acoitstique.  The
part of physics which treats of the  theory of
sounds.  It is also called Phonics.
  ACOUSTIQUE, Acoustic, Acoustics.
  ACQUA BINELLI, Aqua Binellii —a. Broc-
chieri, Aqua  Brocchierii — a. Monterossi, Aqua
Binellii — a.  di  Napoli,  Liquor arsenicalis — a.
della Toffana,  Liquor arsenicalis.
  ACQUETTA,  Liquor Arsenicalis.
  ACQUI, MINERAL  AVATERS  OF.   These
thermal sulphureous springs are in  Pi6dmont.
Their temperature is  167° Fahr., and  they con-
tain sulphohydric acid and chloride of  sodium.
  ACQUIRED  DISEASES,  Morbi   acquis'iti,
M. adventi'tii, M. epicte'ti.  Adventitious diseases.
(F.) Maladies acquises.   Diseases  which occur
after birth, and  which are not dependent upon
hereditary predisposition.
  ACRAI'PALA, from a, privative,  and KpamaXn,
'drunkenness.'  Remedies  against  the effects of
a debauch.—Gorraeus.
  ACRA'LEA, from axpos,  'extremity.' The ex-
treme parts of the body, as the  head, hands, feet,
nose,  ears, Ac. — Hippocrates and  Galen.  ' See
Acrea.
  ACRA'NIA, from a, privative, and xpavtov, 'the
cranium.'   AVant of cranium, wholly or in part.
  ACRA'SIA, from a, privative, or ' bad,' and
Kpaon, ' mixture.' Intemperance. Excess of any
kind.   Surfeit.
  It has been  employed to  denote debility, syno-
nymously with Acratia;  but this may  have been
a typographical  inaccuracy.
  ACRATI'A, from  a,  privative,  and kootos,
'strength.'  Impotence;  weakness, fainting.
  ACRATIS'MA, from  a,  privative, and Kepav-
vvpt, ' to mix.'  A breakfast, consisting of bread
steeped in wine, not mixed with water.—Galen,
Athenaeus.
  ACRATOM'ELI, from aKparov,  'pure wine,'
and pcXt, 'honey.'  AVine mixed with honey.
  ACRATOPE'GiE, Alcratope'gce, from a, priva-
tive,  Kparoi,  ' strength,'  and irnyti, '  a  spring.'
Mineral waters having no marked chemical qua-
lities.
  ACRATOPOS'IA, from acratum,  and  roan,
' drink.'  The  drinking of pure  or unmixed wine
  A'CRATUM,  aKparov,  from  a, privative, and
Kparos,  'strength.'  Unmixed  wine,  Acratum
vinum,  Vinum merum.
  ACRATURE'SIS, from acratia, 'weakness,'
and ovpnois, from ovpov, ' urine,' ' the act of dis-
charging the urine.'  Inability  to void  the urine,
from paralysis of the bladder.
  ACRE.  The  extremity or tip of the nose.
  A'CREA, Acrote'ria, from axpo;,  'the summit.'
The extreme parts of'the body,  as the feet, hands,
ears,  &c.
  Also the extreme parts of animals that are used
as food, Acroco'lia.
  ACRID, from aKpog, 'pointed,' or from «*(<;, 'a
point,' Acer.   An epithet  for  substances which
occasion a disagreeable  sense of irritation or of
constriction at the top of the throat.
  Acrid heat, (F.) Chaleur  dcrefis one that causes
a hot tingling sensation at  the extremities of the
fingers.
  Acrid Poison, See Poison.
  Acrids, in Pathology, are certain  imaginary 
ACRIDOPIIAGI
3
1        ACT.EA  CIMICIFUGA
substances, supposed by the humourists to exist
in the humours,  and to cause various  diseases.
See Acrimony.
  ACRIDOPII'AGI,from a<cp<{,aKpt&os, 'alocust,'
and tpayto, ' I eat.' Locust-eaters.  Acridophagous
tribes are said to exist in Africa.—Strabo.
  ACRIMONY,  Acu'itas, Acrimo'nia, from acer,
' acrid,' okis,' a point.'  Acrimony of the humours.
An imaginary acrid change of the blood, lymph,
&c, which, by the humourists, was conceived to
cause many diseases.
  ACRIN'IA,  from a, privative, and  Kptvur,  'I
separate.'  A diminution  in the quantity, or a
total suspension,  of the secretions.
  ACRIS, a sharp  bony prominence.   Also,  the
locust,
  ACRI'SIA, Acri'sis,  from  a,  privative,  and
Kpttris, 'judgment.'  A condition of  disease, in
which no judgment can  be formed ; or  in which
an unfavourable opinion must be given.—Hipp.
and Galen.
  ACRISIS, Acrisia.
  ACRIT'ICAL, Ac'ritos,  (F.) Acritique, from a,
privative, and Kptots,  'judgment.'  That which
takes place without any crisis, or which does  not
foretell a crisis ; as a critical symptom, abscess, &c.
  ACRITOS,  Acritical.
  ACRI\rIOLA,  Tropasolum majus.
  ACROBYS'TIA, Acropos'thia, from axpos, 'top,'
and /3uu>, ' I cover.'  The extremity of the prepuce.
—Hippocrates, Rufus.
  ACROBYSTITIS, Posthitis.
  ACROCHEIR', Acrochir', Acrocheir'on, from
aKpos,  ' extremity,'  and xuP>  ' *,ne band.'  The
forearm and hand.—Gorrajus.  Also, the hand.
  ACROCHOR'DON,  from  aKpos, 'extremity,'
and x°P&i' 'a string.'   A tumour which  hangs by
a pedicle.  A kind of hard wart,  Verru'ca pens'-
His.—Aetius, Celsus.
  ACROCHORIS'MUS, from  aKpos, 'extremity,'
and x°Pcviai ' ^ dance.'  A kind of dance, with
the ancients, in which  the arms and legs were
violently agitated.
  ACROCOLIA, Acrea.
  ACROCOLIUM, Acromion.
  ACROD'RYA, from  aKpos,  'extremity,'  and
Spm,  ' a  tree.'  Autumnal  fruits,  as nuts,  ap-
ples, &c.
  ACRODYN'IA,  Erythe'ma  acrod'ymtm,   E.
acrodyn'ia, O'hiropodal'gia, (F.) Acrodynie, Mai
des pieds et  des  mains, from  aKpos, 'extremity,'
and oSvvn, ' pain.'   A painful affection of  the
wrists and ankles especially, which appeared in
Paris as an epidemic, in 1828 and 1829. It was
supposed by some to  be rheumatic, by others to
be owing to spinal irritation. It appears to have
been the same as Dengue.
  ACROLENION, Olecranon.
  ACRO.MASTIUM, Nipple.
  ACROMIA, Acromion.
  ACRO'MIAL,  Acromia'lie.   Relating  to  the
Acromion.
  Acromial  Ar'tery, External Scap'vlar,   A.
Arte'via Thorac"ica humera'lis, Artlre  troisieme
des Thornciques,— (Ch.)   A.  Thoracique httme-
rale, arises from the anterior part of the axillary
artery, opposite the upper edge of the pectoralis
minor.   It divides into two branches : one, supe-
rior; the other, inferior,—the branches of which
are distributed to the subclavius, serratus major
anticus,  first  intercostal, deltoid, and pectoralis
major  muscles, as well as to the shoulder joint,
Ac. They anastomose with the superior  scapular,
thoracic'and circumflex arteries.
  Acromial N e r v e s, Nervi acromia'les.
Branches of the fourth cervical nerve, which  are
distributed to the acromial region.
   Acromial Vein has the same arrangement as
 the artery.
   ACRO'MIO-CORACOI'DEUS.  Belonging to
 the acromion and coracoid process.
   The triangular ligament between the acromion
 and coracoid process of the scapula is so called.
   ACRO'MION, Acro'mium, Aero'mia, Aero'mis,
 from aKpos, 'the top,' and urpos, 'the  shoulder.'
  Os  Acro'mii, Hu'merus summus, Armus summits,
 Mucro hu'meri, Rostrum porci'num, Caput Scap'-
 ulae, Acroco'lium.  The process which terminates
 the spine of the scapula,  and is articulated with
 the clavicle.
   ACROMIS, Acromion.
   ACROMPHALIUM, Acromphalon.
   A C R 0 M'P H A L 0 N, Acrompha'lium,  from
 aKpoi, 'the top,' and  opcpaXos,  'the navel.'  The
 extremity  of the umbilical cord, which remains
 attached to the foetus after birth.
   ACROMYLE. Patella.
   ACRO-NARCOTIC, See Poison.
   A'CRONYX, from  aKpos, 'the summit,' and
 ovuf, 'the nail.'   Growing in of the nail.
   ACROPARAL'YSIS, from aKpos, ' extremity,'
 and itapaXvtrts, ' palsy ;' Paral'ysis extrernita'tum,
 Palsy of the extremities.—Fuchs.
   ACROPOSTHIA, Acrobystia.
   ACROPOSTHITIS, Posthitis.
   ACROPSI'LON, from  aKpos, 'extremity,'and
 daXos,' naked.' The extremity of the  glans penis.
   ACRORIA, Vertex.
   ACRORRHEU'MA, Rheumatis'mus extrernita'-
 tum, from aKpos,' extremity,' and pevpa,' defluxion,
 rheumatism.'  Rheumatism of the extremities.
   ACROS, aKpos, 'extremity, top.'  The strength
 of the Athletae, and of diseases ; the prominences
 of bones ; the extremities of the fingers, &c.  See
 Acrocheir, Acromion, <fcc.
   ACROSTICHUM POLYPODIOIDES,  Poly-
 podium incanum.
   ACROTERIA, Acrea.   See Extremity.
   ACROTERIASIS, Acroteriasmus.
   ACROTERIAS'MUS,  Acroteri'usis, from  okPo-
 rnpta, 'the extremities;'  hence aKporrrptatyiv. 'to
 mutilate.'  Amputation of the extremities.
   ACROTHYM'ION,  from  aKpos,   'top,'  and
 Svpov, 'thyme.' A kind of conical, rugous, bloody
 wart, a " moist wart," compared by Celsus to the
 flower of thyme.
   ACROT'ICA, from aKpos, 'summit.' Diseases
 affecting the excernent functions of the external
 surface of the  body.
   Pravity of the fluids or emunctories that  open
 on  the  external surface ; without fever or other
 internal  affection as a necessary accompaniment.
   The 3d order of the class Eccrit'ica of Good.
   ACROTISMUS, Asphyxia,
   ACT,  Actus,  from actum,  past  participle  of
 agere, ' to do,' ' a thing done.'  The effective ex-
 ercise of a power or faculty.  The  action of  an
 agent.  Acte is used by  the French, to  signify
 the public discussion, which occurs in supporting
 a thesis;—thus, soutcnir  un Acte aux EeaUs  de
 Meilecine, is, ' to defend a Thesis in  the Schools
 of Medicine.'
   ACTA Gcsta.
   ACTAZA CIMICIFUGA, A. racemosa.
   Act^e'a Racemo'sa, A. Cimicif'uga, Cimicif-
 uga racemo'sa, Macro'try8 racemo'sa, Bot'r'ophis
 Serpenta'ria (?), Serpenta'ria nigra, Black snake-
 root, Richweed, Cohosh, Squaw  root,  Rattleweed,
 Black Cohosh. (F.) Actee  d grappes,  Serpentaire
 noire.   Ord. Ranunculaceae.  Sex. Syst. Polyan-
 dria Pentagynia.  A common plant in the United
 State*.   The root, Cimicif'uga (Ph.  U  S.), is as-
 tringent ; and,  according to  Barton, has  been
 successfully used, in the  form of a decoction, as
 a gargle in putrid sore throat.  A decoction  of
i! the root cures the itch.   It is acro-narcotic, and 
ACTE                  3
has been used in rheumatism, acute and chronic;
chorea,  Ac.
  Act.«'a  Spica'ta,  Christophoria'na  spica'ta,
Aconi'tum racemo'sum, Baneberry,  Herb Chris'-
topher.   (F.) Herbe St. Christophe.   A perennial
herbaceous European  plant, the root of which
resembles that of the black hellebore.   The root
is cathartic, and sometimes emetic,  and in  over-
doses may produce dangerous consequences.
  Act as'a America'na,  of  which there are two
varieties, A. alba and A. rubra,—white and red
cohosh,—is indigenous  in the United States.   It
has the  same properties as A. spicata.
  ACTE, Sambucus.
  ACTE, Act.
  ACTEE d  GRAPPES,  Actaea racemosa.
  AC TIF, Active.
  ACTIO, Action, Function.
  ACTION, Ac'tio, Opcra'tio, Energi'a. Praxis :
from agere, actum, ' to act.'  Mode in which one
object influences another.
  The animal actions are those that occur in the
animal  body: the vital, those that are  essential
to life :  the physiological, those of a healthy cha-
racter :  the pathological or morbid, those that
occur in disease, Ac.   The ancients divided the
physiological actions into vital, animal, natural,
sexual, particular, general, Ac.  See Function.
  ACTIONES NATURALES, see Function.
  ACTI\rE, same etymon.   Dras'ticus,  Acti'vus,
Sthen'ieus,  Hypersthen'icus.  (F.)  Actif.  This
adjective is used, in Pathology, to convey the idea
of  superabundant energy  or strength.  Active
symptoms, e. g. are those of excitement.  In The-
rapeutics, it  signifies  energetic :—as, an active
treatment.  The  French use the  expression Me-
decine agissante, in contradistinction to Midecine
expectante.   In Physiology, active has a similar
signification, many of the functions being divided
into active and passive.
  ACTON.  A  village  near London, at which
there is  a purgative mineral spring, like that  at
Epsom.
  ACTUAL.  Same etymon as active.   That
which acts immediately.  A term  usually re-
stricted  to the red-hot iron, or to  heat in any
form ; in contradistinction to the potential or vir-
tual, which is applied to caustics or escharotics.
  ACTUA'RIUS.  Originally a title of dignity
given to the Byzantine physicians.
  ACTUS PARTURITIONIS, Parturition.
  ACUITAS, Acrimony.
  ACULEUS LIGNEUS,  Splinter.
  ACUMETER, Acoumeter.
  A'CUPUNCTURE, Acupunctu'ra, Acupuncta'-
tion, Aeupunctura'tion, from acus, ' a needle,' and
punctura, a  puncture,' A  surgical operation,
much in use amongst the Chinese and Japanese,
which consists in puncturing parts with a very
fine needle.  It has been employed,  of late years,
in obstinate rheumatic affections, Ac, and appa-
rently with success.  Acupuncture is likewise a
mode of infanticide in some countries; the needle
being forced  into the brain through the fonta-
nelles, or into the spinal marrow, Ac.
  ACURGIA, Surgery (operative).
  ACUS, Needle—a.  Capitata,  Pin—a.  Invagi-
nata, see Needle—a. Ophthalmica, see Needle—
a. Paracentica,  Trocar—a. Paracentetica, Trocar
—a. Triquetra  vulgaris,  Trocar—a.  Veneris,
Eryngium campestre.
  ACUSIMETER, Acoumeter.
  ACUSIS, Audition.
  ACUSTICA, Acoustics.
  ACUSTICUS, Auditory.
  ACUTE, Acu'tus, Oxys,  o^vs, (okis, 'a point.')
(F.) Aigu.  A disease which, with a certain de-
gree of  severity, has a rapid progress, and short
ADDUCENS  OCULI
duration,  is said to be  "acute."— Oxynose'ma,
Oxyn'osos, Oxynu'sos.
  Diseases were formerly subdivided  into Morbi
acutis'simi, very acute, or those which lost only
three or four days :  M. subacutis'simi,  which con-
tinue seven  days:  and M.  subacu'ti, or those
which last from twenty to forty days.
  The antithesis to acute is chronic. Acute, when
applied to pain, sound, cries,  Ac, means sharp.
  ACUTENACULUM, Porte-aiguille.
  ACYANOBLEP'SIA, from a, privative, kvovos.
•blue,' and  ffXenu,  'I  sec'  Defective  vision,
which consists in incapability of distinguishing
blue.—Gcithe.  See Achromatopsia.
  ACYESIS, Sterilitas.
  ACYRUS, Arnica montana.
  ACYSTINERVIA, Cystoparalysis.
  ACYSTURONERATA, Cystoparalysis.
  ACYSTUROTROPHIA, Cystatrophia.
  ACYTERIUS, Abortive.
  ADACA.  The  Sphaeran'thus In'dicus, a Mala-
bar plant, which is acrid and aromatic.
  ADAC'RY'A, from a, privative, and Saxpvtir, 'I
weep.'  Defective secretion of tears.
  ADiEMONIA,  Anxiety.
  ADAKO'DIEN.  A Malabar plant of the fa-
mily Apocyneas, used in that country  in diseases
of the eyes.
  AD'ALI,  Lip'pia.  A  Malabar plant, which
the Orientals regard as an antidote to  the bite of
the naja.
  ADAMANTINE  SUBSTANCE, Enamel  of
the teeth.
  ADAMAS, Diamond.
  ADAMI'TA, Adami'tum.  A very hard, white
calculus.—Paracelsus.
  The first word  has been used for stone in the
bladder :  the second for lithiasis or the calculous
condition.
  ADAM'S APPLE, Pomum Adami.
  ADANSONIA  DIGITATA, Baobab.
  ADAPTER, from ad and apto, ' I fit.' A tube
employedin pharmaceutical operations for length-
ening the neck of a retort; or in cases where the
opening of the receiver is not large  enough to
admit the  beak of the retort.
  ADAR'CE, Adar'cion,  Adar'cis. A  concretion
found about the reeds and grass in thejaiarshy
regions of Galatia, and hiding them, as it were:
hence the name,  from a privative, and 8epKw, ' I
see.'  It was formerly in repute for cleansing the
skin from  freckles, Ac
  ADARIGO, Orpiment.
  ADARNECH, Orpiment.
  ADARTICULATIO, Arthrodia.
  AD CUTEM ABDOM'INIS (ARTERIA). The
superficial artery of the abdomen,—a branch of the
crural or femoral, which arises at the  lower part
of Poupart's  ligament, and ascends towards the
umbilicus, being distributed to the integuments.
  ADDAD.   A Numidian plant;  bitter and poi-
sonous.
  ADDEPHAG"IA. Adephaf'ia,  from  a&Snv,
' much,'  and  tfrayciv,  ' to eat.'   Voraciousness.
Galen and Hoffmann have given this name to
voracious  appetite  in  children  affected  with
worms.  Sauvages  refers it  to Bulimia.  Also,
the goddess of gluttony.
  ADDER'S TONGUE, Ophioglossum vulgatum.
  ADDISON, DISEASE OF, see Capsule, renal.
  ADDITAMEN'TUM.  A term once used sy-
nonymously with  Epiphysis. It is now restricted
to the prolongation of two cranial sutures, the
lambdoidal and squamous.
  Additamentum Coli,  Appendix vermiformia
caeci—a. Necatum, Olecranon—a. ad Sacro-lum-
balem, see Sacro-lumbalis — a. Uncatum  ulna,
Olecranon—a. Ulnae, Radius.
  ADDUCENS OCULI,  Rectus internus oculi.
2 
ABDUCTEUR DE L'CEIL     33
ADENONCOSIS
  ADDUCTEUR  DE  L'lElL,  Rectus inter-
nus  oculi—a. du  Gros orteil, Adductor pollicis
pedis—a. Premier ou moyen, Adductor longus
femoris—a. du Pouce, Adductor pollicis mands
—a. Second ou petit, Adductor  brevis—a.  Troi-
eilme ou grand, Adductor magnus.
  ADDUCTION, Adduc'tio, from ad, 'to,' and
ducere, ' to draw.'  Parago'ge.   The  action by
which parts are drawn towards the axis of the
body.
  The muscles which execute this function are
called Adduc'tors.
  ADDUCTOR MEDII DIGITI PEDIS,  Pos-
terior medii digiti pedis—a. Oculi, Rectus inter-
nus oculi.
  Adduc'tor Metacar'pi min'imi Dig"iti, Me-
tacar'peus, Gar'po-metacar'pens  min'imi dig"iti.
is situate between the adductor  and flexor,  next
to the metacarpal bone.   It arises, fleshy,  from
the unciform process of the os  unciforme, and
from the contiguous part of the annular ligament
of the wrist, and is inserted, tendinous and fleshy,
into the fore-part of the metacarpal  bone of the
little finger,  from its base to its  head.
  Adduc'tor Pol'licis Manus, A. Pol'licis, A.
ad  min'imum dig"itum, Metacar'po-phalan'geus
pol'licis—(Ch.)   (F.) Addncteur du  pouce.  A
muscle which arises,  fleshy,  from almost the
whole length of the metacarpal bone of the mid-
dle finger, and is inserted into the inner part of
the root of the first bone of the thumb.
   Adduc'tor Pol'licis Pedis, Antith'enar, Me-
tatar'so-subphalan'geus  pollicis.—(Ch.)  Tarso-
metatarsi-phalangien du pouce.  (F.)  Addncteur
du  gros orteil.   Arises  by a long,  thin tendon,
from the under part  of the os calcis, from the os
cuboides, os cuneiforme externum, and from the
root of the metatarsal bone of the second toe.  It
is divided  into two fleshy portions, and is inserted
into the external sesamoid bone, and root of the
metatarsal bone of the great toe.
   Bichat has  given the general  name, Adduc'-
 tors, to those of the interosseous  muscles of the
hand  or foot,  which perform the action of ad-
 duction.
   Adductor Tertti Digiti Pedis, Prior  tertii
 digiti pedis.
   Adductors  of the  thigh.  These are  three
in  number, which have, by some anatomists, been
 united into  one  muscle—the Triceps Adduc'tor
 Fem'oris.
   1. Adduc'tor longus fem'oris,  Adduc'tor fem'-
 oris  primus, Triceps minor, Pu'bio-femora'lis—
 (Ch.) (F.) Premier ou  moyen addncteur.  Arises
 by a strong tendon  from the upper and fore part
 of  the os pubis and ligament of the symphysis,
 at  the inner side of the pectinalis. It runs down-
 wards and outwards, and is inserted by a broad,
 flat tendon, into the middle of the linea aspcra.
   2. Adduc'tor  brevis,  A. fem'oris  secun'dits,
 Triceps secun'dus, Sub-pttbio-femora'/is—(Ch.)
 (F.) Second ou petit Adducteur:  Arises tendi-
 nous from the os pubis, at the side of its  sym-
 physis, below and behind the  last muscle.  It
 runs  obliquely outwards, and  is inserted  by a
 Bhort, flat tendon into the inner and  upper part
 of the linea aspera, from  a little below the tro-
 chanter minor to the  beginning of  the insertion
 of the adductor longus.
   3. Adduc'tor magnus, Adduc'tor fem'oris ter'-
 tius et quartus, Triceps magnus, Is'chio-femora'-
 Hs__(Ch.) (F.) Troisilme  ou grand  adducteur, is
 much larger than either of the  others.  It arises
 from  the  ramus  of the pubis,  from that of  the
 ischium, and from the tuber ischii, and is inserted
 into the whole length of the linea aspera.   Near
 the lower part of the linea aspera it is pierced
 by a kind  of oblique, fibrous canal, through which
 the crural artery and vein pass.
        3
  ADEC.   The inner man.—Paracelsus.
  ADECTA, Sedatives.
  ADELIPARIA, Polysarcia.
  ADELODAOAM.   A  bitter Malabar plant,
used in asthma, catarrh, and gout.
  ADELPHIA, see Adelphixia.
  ADELPHIXTA, Adelphix'is; from  ateXtpas,
'brother.'   Consanguinity of parts in health or
disease;  Frater'uitas, Frutro'tio.  Hippocrates
used  the  word Adel'phia for diseases that re-»
semble each other.
  ADELPHIXIS, Sympathy.
  ADEMONIA, Depression, Nostalgia.
  ADEMOSYNE, Depression, Nostalgia.
  ADEN,  aSr/v,  'a  gland;'  hence  Adenalgin,
Adeniform, Ac.—see Gland.
  ADENAL'GIA, Adenodyn'ia,  from aSvv,  'a
gland,' and aXyos, ' pain.'  Glandular pain.
  ADENECTOPTA,  from aSnv,  'a gland,'  and
cktoitos,  ' removed from its  place.'   Dislocation
of a gland.
  ADENEMPHRAX'IS,  from ainv,  'a  gland.'
and epippa^is, ' obstruction.'  Glandular obstruc-
tion.
  ADENIES, Adenopathies angihromiques. Dis-
eases of the glands connected with the digestive
tube.—Piorry.
  ADEN'IFORM, Adeniform'is,  AdcnoVdes,
Ad'enoid,  from  Aden, 'a gland,' and  Formo,
1 form or  resemblance.'   Glan'diform, or resem-
bling a gland.
  ADEN1TE, Adenitis—a. Lymphatique, Lym-
phadenitis.
  ADENI'TIS, from aSriv, 'a gland,' and itis, a
termination denoting inflammation.  Phlegma'sin
adeno'sa seu glandulo'sa.  (F.) Adenite.  Glandu-
lar inflammation.
  Adenitis Lymphatica, Lymphadenitis.
  Adeni'tis  Mesenter'ica,  Mesenter'ic  Gangli-
onitis.   Inflammation of the mesenteric glands.
  Adenitis Palpebrarum Contagiosa, see Oph-
thalmia.
  ADENOCE'LE, from aiyv,  'a gland,' and KnXn,
'a  rupture,'  'a  tumour.'  Under this  term  Mr.
Birkett  includes  tumours   of  the  mamma1,
which contain structures similar to, if not identi-
cal with, the normal secreting tissue of the gland,
and  more especially the  cysto-sarcoma,  and
chronic mammary tumours of surgical authors.
  ADENOCHIRAPSOLOG"IA,  from ainv, 'a
gland,' xtlP' ' *ne band,' airrw,  ' I lay hold of,' and
Xoyos, 'a  description.'  The  doctrine of curing
scrofula or the  king's evil by the royal touch.
  ADENOCHON'DRIUS, from  aSr,v, 'a gland,'
and xovfy»S' <a cartilage.' Relating to gland and
cartilage, — for  example, Arthrophy'nm adeno-
chon'drium, a tumefaction of the glands and car-
tilages of joints.
  ADEXODERMIES SYPHILITIQVES, A.
symphyosiques, from  airrv, ' a gland,' and bippa,
' skin.'  Syphilitic affections of the glands of the
skin.
  ADENODYNIA, Adenalgia.
  ADENOG'RAPHY, Adenogra'pTirn, from afov,
' a  gland,' and ypaipur, ' I describe.'  That part of
anatomy which describes  the glands.
  ADENOID, Adeniform.
  ADENOIDES, Adeniform.
  ADENOL'OGY, Adenotog'riar from  aSrjv,  'a
gland,' and Xoyos, 'a description.' A treatise on
the glands.
  ADENOMALA'CIA. from afVv, 'a gland,'and
paXaKta, 'softening.'   Mollescence  or softening
of  a gland.
  ADENO-MENINGEAL,  see  Fever,  adeno-
meningeal.
  ADENONCOSIS, Adenophyma. 
ADENONCUS              34             ADIPOCIRE
  ADENONCUS, Adenophyma.
  ADENO-NERYOUS FEVER, Plague.
  A DENG PA THIES   A NGIBR OMIQ UES,
Adcuies.
  A D E ' N O-P H A R Y N ' G E U S, from ahr,v,' a
gland,'  and  tpapvyl;,  ipapvyyos,  'the  pharynx.'
Some fleshy fibres, which pass  from the  con-
strictor pharyngis inferior to the  thyroid gland,
have received this  name.   Their existence is not
constant.
  ADE'NO-PHARYNGI'TIS.   Same etymon.
Inflammation of the tonsils and pharynx.
  ADENOPHTHALMIA, Ophthalmia tarsi.
  ADENOPHY^'MA,  Adenon'cus,  Adenonco'sis,
from  aSnv, ' a  gland,' and  fpviia, ' a swelling.'
Swelling  of a  gland, or glandiform ganglion.
(F.)  Glandage.   Adenophyma is used by some to
signify  a soft glandular swelling;—Adenoncus,
one of a harder character.—Kraus.
  Adenophyma Inguinalis.  Bubo.
  ADENOSCIR'RHUS,   Adenoscler-o'sis,  from
airjv, 'a gland,' and cKtppos,  'induration.'   Scir-
rhous induration of a gland.
  ADENOSCLEROSIS,  Adenoscirrhus.
  ADENOSIS SCROPHULOSA, Scrofula.
  ADENO'SUS, {Absces'sus). A hard, glandular
abscess, which  suppurates slowly.—M. A. Seve-
rinus.
  ADENOSYNCHITONITIS, Ophthalmia  Neo-
natorum.
  ADENOT'OMY, Adenotom'ia,  from a&nv,  'a
gland,'  and  rcpvor, 'I cut.'  Dissection  of the
glands.
  ADEPHAGIA,  Addephagia, Boulimia.
  ADEPS, genitive Adipis, Adeps Suillus,Oxyn'-
giurn,  Pingue'do,  Lar'idum,  Lardttm, Lord.
(Prov.)  Mart,  Sallis, Swinesame.   Pig's  flare.
The fat  of the hog.  In the Ph. U. S., the pre-
pared fat of Sus scrofa, free  from  saline matter.
  Adeps Anseri'nus, Adeps an'seris or  Goose
grease,  (F.)  Graisse d'Oie, is emollient.  It has
been used as an emetic.
  Adeps Cantharidibus Medicatus, Unguen-
tuin lyttas medicatum— a. Cortice Daphnes gnidii
medicatus, Unguentum epispasticum de Daphne
gnidio—a. Humanus, Liquamnmia—a. Hydrar-
gyro medicatus,  Unguentum Hydrargyri—a. ex
Hydrargyro mitius dictum cinereum, Unguentum
oxidi hydrargyri cinereum—a. Hydrargyri  muri-
ate  oxygenato medicatus, Unguentum  muriatis
hydrargyri oxygenati medicatum—a. Hydrargyri
nitrate medicatus, Unguentum hydrargyri nitratis
—a. Hydrargyri oxido rubro et  plumbi acetate
medic-atus, Unguentum ophthalmicum—a. Lauro
medicatus, Unguentum laurinum — a. Myristicaa,
see  Myristica — a. Ovilli, Sevura—a. Papavere,
hyoscyamo, et belladonna medicatus, Unguentum
populeum.
   Adeps Pr^para'tus,  A.  Suillus Prmpara'tus,
Hog's  lard, Barrow's   grease,  Lard, Ax'unge,
Axun'gia, Axun'gia porci'na, (F.)  Graisse de
 Pore, Sniridoiix, Axonge, is  prepared by  melting
pig's flare, and straining it.  This is called ren-
 dering  the lard.   Lard is emollient, but is chiefly
used for forming ointments and plasters.
   Adeps Suillus Pr^paratus, Adeps  Praepa-
 ratus—a. Sulfure et ammonias muriate medicntus,
 Unguentum sulphuratura ad scabiem—a. Sulfure
 et  carbonate  potassas  medicatus,  Unguentum
 sulphuratum alcalinum  ad scabiem — a. Tartaro
 stibii medicatus, Unguentum antimonii tartarizati
 — a. Oxido  zinci  medicatus, Unguentum  oxidi
 zinci impirrL
   ADEPT, Alchvmist.
   ADEP'TA   MEDICI'NA.   Medicine,   which
 treated of diseases contracted by celestial  opera-
 tions, or communicated from heaven.
   Adepta Philosophia, Alchymy.
  ADERMONERVIA, Dermataneuria.
  ADERMOTROPH'IA,  from  a,  priv., htppa,
'skin,' and rpo+n, 'nourishment.'  Extenuation
or atrophy of the skin.
  ADFLATUS, Afflatus.
  ADH/ERENTIA, Adherence.
  ADH/ESIO, Adherence.
  ADHATO'DA, Justic"ia adhato'da.   Ihe Ma-
labar Nut Tree.  (F.) Noyer  de Ceylon   Used
in India for expelling  the dead foetus in abortion.
The  word is said to convey this meaning in  the
Ceylonese.                             .
  ADHE'RENCE, Adhe'sion,  Aclhceren tia, (on-
cre'tio, Atre'sia,  Pros'physis,  Proscolle'sis,  Ad-
has'sio, from adhoerere, (ad and hcerere,) ' to stick
to.'  These words are usually employed synonym-
ously.  The French often use adherence for the
state of union, and adhesion for the act of ad-
hering.
  ADHESION, Adherence.
  ADHE'SIVE  INFLAMMA'TION is that in-
flammation  which  terminates  by  an   adhesion
between  inflamed and  separated surfaces, and
which  was, at one time, supposed to be  necessary
for such adhesion.
  Adhe'sive is also an epithet for certain plasters
which  stick closely to the skin.
  ADIANTHUM, Adiantum.
  ADIANTUM, A. pedatum.
  Adiantum  ^Ethiop'icum.   A  South  African
plant,  Ord. Filices, an infusion of which is some-
times  used as  an emollient in  coughs, and in
diseases of the chest.
  Adiantum Album, Asplenium ruta muraria —
a. Aureum, Polytrichum.
   Adian'tum Capil'lus Ven'eris, A. Coriandri-
fo'lium seu Nigrum,  Capil'lus Ven'eris, from a,
privative, and  Statvor, ' to grow wet,' from  the
[eaves not being easily moistened.  Maiden hair.
(F.)  Capillaire  de  Montpellier.   A  European
plant,  of feeble, aromatic and  demulcent  pro-
perties.  It is used for forming the Sir-op de  Ca-
pillaire or Capillaire.
  Adiantum  Coriandrifolium, A. Capillus Ve-
neris—a. Nigrum, A.  Capillus Veneris.
   Adian'tum Peda'tum, A. Canaden'se  seu Pa-
tens, Adiantum, Capil'lus Ven'eris  Canadensis,
Herba Ven'eris, Filix Ven'eris, Canada Maiden-
hair, American Maidenhair, Rockfern,  Siceet/eni,
(F.) Capillaire du Canada, has the same proper-
ties.   Capillaire was  once made  from  this.   See
Adiantum.
   Adiantum RuBRUM,Asplenium trichomanoides.
   AD1APHANIE   PERICHRYSALT1QUE,
see Cataract.
   ADIAPHORO'SIS, Adiaphore'sis, from a, pri-
vative, <5iu, 'through,'and ipopos, 'a  pore.'  Defect
or suppression of perspiration, Adiapneus'tia.
   ADIAPH'OROUS,  Adiaph'orus, Indifferent,
Neutral.  A medicine which will neither do harm
nor  good.
   ADIAPNEUSTIA, Adiaphorosis.
   ADIARRHffi'A, from  a, privative,  and itap-
petv, ' to flow.'   Retention  of any excretion.—
Hippocrates.
   ADIATH'ESIC, Adiathes'icus, from a, priva-
tive, and ita&eots, 'diathesis.'   In the  system of
 eontrostimulism, adiathesic  diseases are such aa
 occur without any antecedent diathesis.
   ADICE, Urtica.
   ADIPATUS, Fatty.
   ADIPEUX. Adipose.
   ADIPOCERA, Adipocire — *.  Cetosa, Ceta-
 ceum.
   ADIPOCIRE, Ailipoce'ra, from adeps, 'fat,'
 and  cera, 'wax.'  The base  of biliary calculi,
 called also  Choi'esterine.  Also, a sort of  soap,
 formed from animal matter under certain circuin- 
IPOCIRE DE  BALEINE    35        ^ED(EOGARGARISMUS
Ptances.  (F.) Graa des Cadavres, Gras des Cime-
ticres.   The human  body, when it has been for
some weeks in water, assumes  this appearance;
and it has  been a subject of legal inquiry, what
length of time is necessary to  produce it.  This
must, of course, depend upon various circum-
stances, as climate, season, Ac
  ADIPOCIRE DE BALEINE, Cetaceum.
  AP'IP(^K- Ad'ipous, Adipo'sns, from  adeps,
 fat.'  (F.) Adipeux.  That which relates to fat-
as Adipose membrane, A. vessels, Ac.   See Fatty.
  Ad'ipose Sarco'ma of Ab'ernf.thy, Emphy'ma
sarco'iiKi adipo'sum, is suetty  throughout, and
enclosed in a  thin capsule  of condensed areolar
substance,  connected by means  of minute vessels.
It is chiefly found on the fore and back parts of
the trunk.   See Sarcoma.
  ADIPOSIS.  See Polysarcia.
  Adipo'sis Hepat'ica, Prmelo'sis seu steato'sis
seu rnnlax'is  hepat'ica, Hepar  adipo'sum,  Fatty
liver, Fatty degeneration of the liver, (F.) Dege-
uirescence  graisseuse du Foie.  Fatty disease of
the liver.
  ADIPOSUS, Fatty.
   ADIPOUS, Fatty.
  ADIP'SIA, Dipso'sis expert.  Absence of thirst.
  ADIP'SON, Adip'sum,  from a, privative, and
ii^la,  'thirst.'  Any  substance  which relieves
thirst.  Applied to a decoction of barley to which
oxymel was added.—Hippocrates.
  ADIPSOS,  Glycyrrhiza.
  AD'ITUS, 'an entrance,' 'an approach ;' from
adere, uditum, 'to go  to.'  Pros'odos.  The  en-
trance to a canal or duct, as Aditus ad Aquceduc-
tum Ftillopii.
  Aditus ad  Infundibulum, Vulva.
  ADIULIS'TOS, from a, privative, and itvXtfa,
'I strain.'   Unstrained wine for  pharmaceutical
purposes.—Gorrasus.
  ADJUNCTUM, Accompaniment.
  ADJUTOR  PARTUS, Accoucheur.
  AD'JUVANT, Ad'juvans,  from adjuvare,  'to
aid.'  A medicine, introduced into a prescription
to aid  the  operation of the principal ingredient
or basis.  Also, whatever  assists  in the removal
or prevention  of disease.
  ADMINICULE, Adminic''ulum, (ad and ma-
ntis,  -a hand').  A prop,  a support.   Anything
that aids the action of a remedy.
  ADNASCENTIA, Prosphysis.
  ADNATA  (TUNICA,) Conjunctiva.
  ADNEE (MEMBRANE,) Conjunctiva.
  ADOLES'CENCE, Adolescen'tia, Juven'ta, Ju-
ven'tas, Juven'tus, AStas bona, Youth;  from ado-
lescere, (ad and olescere,) 'to grow.'   (F.) Jeun-
esse.  The period between puberty and that at
which  the body acquires its full development;
being, in man, between the 14th and 25th years;
and, in woman, between the 12th and 21st.
  ADOLES'CENS, Ju'venis, Hebe'tes, Hebe'ter,
Hebe'tor, Hypene'tes.   A youth.  A young man
in the period of adolescence.
  ADO'LIA.   A Malabar  plant, whose leaves,
put in oil, form a liniment, used in facilitating
labour.
  ADOR, Zea mays.
  ADORION, Daucus carota.
  ADOUC1SSANT. Demulcent.
  AD PONDUS OM'NIUM.   The weight of the
whole.   In a prescription it  means, that any
particular  ingredient shall  equal in weight  the
whole of the others.
  A D RA GA N T, Tragacantha.
  ADR AG A NTHE, Tragacantha.
  ADRA RIZA, Aristolochia clematitis.
  ADROBO'LON. from aipos, 'great,' and (iiaXos,
'mass.'  The bdellium of India, which is in larger
pieces than that of Arabia.
  ADROS, aipos, 'plump and full.'   Applied to
the habit of body, and also to the pulse.—Hippo-
crates.
  ADSARIA PALA, Dolichos pruriens.
  ADSPIRATIO, Aspiration, Inspiration.
  ADSTANS, Prostate.
  ADSTITES GLANDULOSI, Prostate.
  ADSTRICTIO, Astriction, Constipation.
  ADSTRICTORIA, Astringents.
  ADSTRINGENTIA, Astringents.
  ADULAS'SO.  The Justitia bivalvis. A small
shrub, used in India as a local application in gout.
  ADULT, see Adult age.
  Adult  Age,  Andri'a,  from  adolescere,  ' to
grow to,' (ad and olere, olitum, ' to grow.')   17-
ril'ity, manhood.   The  age succeeding adoles-
cence, and preceding old age.   In the civil law,
an adult is one, who, if a boy, has attained the
age of fourteen years; and, if a girl, of twelve.
In  the common  law,  one of  full age.  Adult,
Adul'tus, is also used for one in the adult  age.
  ADULTERATIO, Falsification.
  ADULTUS, see Adult age.
  ADUNCATIO UNGUIUM, Onychogryphosis.
  ADURENS, Caustic.
  ADURION, Rhus coriaria.
  ADUST,  Adus'tus, from adurere,  (ad  and
urere,)  'to burn.'  The  blood and  fluids  were
formerly said to be adust, when  there was much
heat in the constitution, and but little serum in
the blood.
  ADUSTIO, Adustion, Burn.
  ADUS'TION, Adus'tio.  State  of the body
described under Adust.  In surgery, it signifies
cauterization.
  ADVENTITIOUS DISEASES, Acquired dis-
CSSGS.
  ADArENTITIUS, Accidental.
  ADYNA'MIA, Impoten'tin ; from a, privative,
and ivvapts,  'strength,'  Adyna'sia,  Adyna'tia.
Considerable debility of the vital powers; as in
typhus fever.  Some Nosologists have a class of
diseases  under the  name  Adynamia, Ec'lyses,
Morbi asthen'ici.
  Adynamia Virilis, Impotence.
  ADYNAM'IC,  Adynam'icus,  Hypodynam'ic,
Hypodynam'icus;  same etymon.   Appertaining
to debility of the vital powers.
  ADYNASIA, Adynamia.
  ADYNATIA, Adynamia.
  ADYNATOCOMIUM, Hospital.
  ADYNATODOCHIUxM, Hospital.
  ADYNATOS, Sickly.
  jEDOEA, Genital  Organs.
  iEDGJ'AGRA,  from atioia, 'genital organs,'
and aypa, ' seizure'   Gout in the genitals.
  ^DCEAG'RAPHY,  jEdceagraph'ia,  jEdoe-
og'raphy. from atSota, 'organs of generation,' and
yoatpor, ' I describe'  A description of the organs
of generation.
  MDQZ AL'OGY, yE<hvnlog"ia,jEdctol'ogy, from
atioia, 'organs  of generation,'and Xoyos, ' a de-
scription.' A treatise on the organs of generation.
  jEDOSAT'OMY,  yEdantom'ia,  yEdu-otom'ia,
^Edoeot'ome, ^Eikeot'omy, from atioia, ' organs of
generation,' and repvor, ' I cut.'  Dissection of the
parts of generation.
  iEDffil'TIS, uEdceoti'tis, Medei'tis; from  at-
ioia,  'organs of generation,' and  itis, denoting
inflammation.   Inflammation of  the genital or-
gans.
  ^DffiOBLENORRHOSA, Leucorrhcea.
  ^EDOZODYNTA, from atioia,  'organ* of gene-
ration,' and oiovrj, ' pain.'   Pain in the genitals.
Pudendagra.
  .EDGEOGARGALUS, Masturbation, Nympho-
mania.
  A-. D (E 0 G A R G A R IS M U S,  Masturbation,
Nymphomania. 
JEDOEOGRAPHY           36              AEROMANCY
  ^IDffiOGRAPnY, .Edceagraphy.
  .EDCEOLOtiY, .Edcealogy.
  jEDOZOMANIA, Nymphomania.
  iEDfEOMYCODERMI'TIS,  from  atioia, 'or-
gans of generation,' pvKos, ' mucus,'  and Seppa,
' skin.'  Inflammation of the mucous  membrane
of the genital organs.
  iEDOZON, Inguen.
  .EDCEOPSOPHESIS, iEdeeopsophia.
  iEDQSOPSOPH'IA, yEdceopsophe'sis, from  at-
iota, ' organs of generation,' and -^otjretv, ' to make
a noise.'  Emission of wind by the  urethra in
man,  by the  vagina in  woman.—Sauvages and
Sagar.
  iEoosopsoPHiA Uterina, Physometra.
  iEDOSOS'COPY,  jEdveoscop'ia, from  atioia,
'organs of generation,' and okoiiuv, 'to view.'
Exploration of the organs of generation.
  iED030TITIS, ^dositis—ae.  Gangraenosa, Col-
pocace — ee. Gangraenosa puellarum,  Colpocace
infantilis — se. Gangraenosa puerperarum, Colpo-
cace puerperarum.
  ^EDffiOTOME, .ffidceatomy.
  jEDffiOTOMIA, ^doeatomy.
  JEDCEOTOMY, .Edccatomy.
  JEDO PTOSIS, Hysteroptosis — se.  Uteri, Pro-
lapsus uteri—ae. Uteri inversa, Uterus, inversion
0f the—ae. Uteri retroversa, Retroversio uteri —
£e. Araginae, Prolapsus V.—se. A'esicse, Exocyste
  jEEIG'LUCES, Aeig'luces, from act,  'always,'
and yXvKvs, ' sweet.'  A kind  of  sweet wine  or
must.—Gorrasus.
  jEGAGROPI'LA, JEgagropi'lus, from atyaypos,
'the rock goat,' and nXos, 'hair,' Bezoar d'Alle-
magne, Pila Dama'rum seu  Ritpicapra'rum.  A
ball composed of hairs,  found in the  stomach of
the goat:  once used medicinally.
   ^EGEIROS, Populus.
   jEGER, Sick.
   iE'GIAS, yEgis,  JEglia,  JE'gides, from  uif,
atyos, 'the goat;' why, is not known.   (F.) Aige
or Aigle.   There is obscurity regarding the pre-
cise meaning of this word.  It was used to desig-
nate an ulcer, or speck on the transparent cornea.
—Hippocrates.
   Maitre  Jean uses it  for a calcareous  deposit
between the conjunctiva and sclerotica.
   JEGIDES, ^Igias.
   JE'GILOPS, An'chilops, An'kylops,  from  ail,
 aiyos, 'goat,' and mtp, 'the eye.'   An  ulcer at the
 greater angle of the eye, which sometimes does
 not penetrate to the lachrymal sac, but at others
 does, and  constitutes fistula lacrymalis.—Galen,
 Celsus, Oribasius, Aetius, Paulus of .Egina, Ac.
   ^EGI'RINON. An ointment of which the fruit
 or flower of the poplar was an ingredient; from
 aiyeipos, 'the black poplar.'
   ./EGLTA, JEgias.
   iEGOCERAS, Trigonella fcenum.
   _<EGOLETHRON. Ranunculus flammula.
   jEGONYCHON, Lithospermum officinale.
   JEGOPHONIA, Egophony.
   JEGOPHONICUS, Egophonic.
   ^IGOPODIUM  PODAGRARIA,  Ligusticum
 podagraria.
   JEGRIPPA, Agrippa.
   JEGRITUDO, Disease—33.  Ventriculi, Vomit-
 ing.
   jEGROTATIO, Disease.
   ^EGROTUS, Sick.
   iEGYP'TTA.  An epithet  for several medi-
 cines,  mentioned by  Galen,  Paulus of JEgina,
 and  Myrepsus.
   jEgyptia Moschata, Hibiscus abelmoschus.
   iEGYP'TIA  STYPTE'RIA,  Ktyvirria  tjTvrtTripia,
 jEgnpti'tn alum. Recommended by Hippocrates.
   TEgvp'tia Ul'cera; ^Egyptian ulcers. Ulcers
 of the  fauces and tonsils, described  by Aretssus,
 as common in Egypt and Syria.
  .EGYPTIACUM, ^gyp'tion, Mende'sion, Ml
jEinmtiacum, Phar'macurn jEgyptiacum.  A pre-
paration of vinegar, honey, and verdigns, scarcely
used now, except by veterinary surgeons as a de-
tergent.  See Linimentum JErugiuis.

  SS?pTJ°i^m^TdTo,amentum ad
AURES, Pharmacum ad aures.
  ^EGYP'TIUS PESSUS:  jEgyptran pessary.
A pessary, composed of honey, turpentine, butter,
oil of lily or of rose, saffron, each one part;  with
sometimes a small  quantity of verdigris.
  AEICHRYSON, Sedum.
  ^EIPATHEIA, see Continent (Disease.)
  AEIPATHIA, see Continent (Disease.)
  iEMOPTOICA PASSIO, Hemoptysis.
  iENEA, Catheter.
  iEOLECTHYMA, Arariola.
  ^EOLLION, A'aricella.
  iEOLLIUM, varicella.
  ^EON, atorv.  The  entire age of a man  from
birth till death.—Hippocrates, Galen.  Also, the
spinal marrow.  See Medulla Spinalis.
  jEONESIS, Fomentation.
  iEONION,  Sedum.
  jEO'RA, from atorptur, 'I suspend.'  Gestation,
swinging.—Aetius, Celsus, Ac.
  .EQUALIS, Equal.
  ^QUA'TOR OCULI.  The line formed by the
union of the upper and under eyelid, when they
are closed.  It is below the middle of the globe.
  iEQUIVOCUS, Equivocal.
  AER, Air.
  AERATION OF THE BLOOD, Haematosis.
  AERATUS, Carbonated.
  AERENDOCAR'DIA,   (F.) Aerendocardie,
from anp, 'air/ and endocardium.   Presence  of
air in the endocardium or lining membrane of the
heart.—Piorry.
  AERE, Carbonated.
  AERENTERECTASIA, Tympanites.
  ^EREOLUM, jEreolus,  Chalcus.   The  sixth
part of an obolus by weight, consequently about
2 grains.
  .E'RESIS, atpeats, '  the removal of any thing.'
A  suffix  denoting a removal  or  separation, as
 Aphmresis, Diaeresis, Ac
   AERETHMIE, Emphysema.
   A^RETH3IOPNEU3IONIE,seeBmrrhysema
 of the Lungs.
   AF.RGIA, Torpor.
   AERH^EMATOX'IA,  (F.) AirhSmatnxie;
 from arrp, ' air,' aipa, ' blood,' and to^ikov, ' poison.,'
 Poisoning by the  reception of air into the blood-
 vessels.
   AERIF'EROUS, Aerifer, (F.) Airifb-e, from
 aer,  'air,' and ferre, 'to  carry.'   An epithet for
 tubes which  convey air, as the larynx,  trachea,
 and bronchia.
   AERIFLUX'US.   The discharge  of gas, and
 the fetid emanations from the  sick.   Flatulence.
 —Sauvages.
   AERODERMECTASIA, Emphysema.
   AERODIAPH'THORA,  from  avp, 'air,' and
 SidtjrOopa, 'corruption.' A corrupt state of the air.
    AERO-ENTERECTASIA,  Tympanites.
   AEROHYDROP'ATIIY.    Aerohydr-opathi'a,
 from anp, 'air,' biwp, 'water,' and ita&os, 'affec-
  tion.'  A mode of treating disease, in which  air
  and  water are the chief agents employed.
    AEROL'OGY; Aerolog"ia, Ae'rolog" ice, from
 anp,  'air,' and Xoyos, 'a description.'  That part
  of physics which  treats of the air, its qualities,
  uses, and action on the animal economy.
    AEROMAN'CY, Aeromanti'a, from anp, 'air,'
  and  uavreia,  ' divination.'  An art in judicial as- 
AEROMELI                37                  .ETHER
trology,  which  consists in  the foretelling,  by
means of the air, or substances found in the at-
mosphere.
  AKROMELI, Fraxinus ornus.
  AliltOPERITONIE, see Tympanites.
  AKROPHOB'IA, from  anp,  'air,'  and  tpofros,
'fear.'   Dread of the air.  This symptom often
accompanies hydrophobia, and  sometimes  hyste-
ria and other affections.
  AEROPHOB'ICUS, Aeroph'obus; same ety-
mon.  One affected with aerophobia.
  AKROPIIOBUS, Aerophobieus.
  AKROPIITIIORA, Aerodiaphthora.
  AEROPLEURIE, Pneumothorax.
  AEROPNEUMONASIE, see Emphysema of
the Lungs.
  AEROPNEUMONECTASIE,  see  Emphy-
sema of the Lungs.
   AEROR.V'CHIA,  from anp,  'air,' and  po^tj,
'spine.'   Accumulation of air in the spine.
  AKROSIS, Pneumatosis, Tympanites.
  AKROTHORAX,  Pneumothorax.
   JERUCA, Cupri subacetas.
   M R U'G I N 0 U S, JZrugino'sus, lo'des, from
airngo,  'verdigris.'   (F.)  Erugineux.   Resem-
bling verdigris  in  colour; as the bile when  dis-
charged at times from the stomach.
  JERU'GO, ios,  from  as, 'copper.'  The rust
of any metal, properly of brass.   See Cupri Suba-
cetas.
   JErugo Ferri, Ferri subcarbonas—ae. Plumbi,
Plumbi  subcarbonas.
   JES, Cuprum.
   JESCIIOS. atoxos.  Deformity of the body gene-
rally, or of some part.—Hippocrates.
   JES'CULUS IIIPPOCAS'TANUM, from esca,
1 food,' [ ?] Cnsta'nea  equi'na,  Pavi'na,  Horse-
chestnut, Buck-eye.  (F.) Marronier OU Marron-
tiier  d'Irtde.   Ord.  Hippocastaneae.  Sex. Syst.
Heptandria Monogynia.   The bark has been
advised  as a substitute for cinchona.  Both bark
and fruit are astringent.   Externally, it has been
employed, like cinchona, in gangrene.
  JESECAVUM,  Brass.
   ^ESTATES, Ephelides.
  JESTHE'MA, aitrdripa,  aioOnuaros, 'a  sensa-
tion, a  perception.'   See  Sensation  and  Sensi-
bility.  In the plural, cesthe'mata, the apparatuses
of the senses.
  JE ST11E M A T 0 L'O G Y, JEsthematolog" ia ;
from atadtipa, attrdirparos and Xoyos, ' a discourse'
The doctrine of, or a treatise  on, the senses, or
"on  the apparatus of the senses.
  .ESTHEMATONU'SI,  sEsthematorganonu'si,
from aiaQnpa, atadnparos,  arvd  vovtrot, ' diseases.'
Diseases nffecting sensation.
  JE S T H E M A T 0 R G A N 0  N U S I,   JEsthe-
matonusi.
  JESTHESIOG'RAPHY, JEsthesiogra'phia,
from atoSrrats, 'perception, sensation,'and ypatfrn,
'  a  description.'  A description of  the  sensorial
apparatuses.
  M S T H E S 10 L'O G Y, JEsthesiolog"in, from
mo-Si/sts. ' perception, sensation,' and Xoyos, ' a
discourse.'   The  doctrine of,  or a  treatise  on,
sensation or the senses.
  JESTIIE'SIS,  Aisthe'sis,  from atoSavopat, 'I
feel.'  The faculty of being affected by a  sensa-
tion.   Perception.   Sensibility, as  well  as  the
senses themselves.  See Sense.
  JESTHETERION,  Sensoriura.
  JESTHET'ICA, from aiaOavopiu, ' I feel.' Dis-
eases affecting the sensations.   Dulness,  depra-
vation or abolition of one or more of the external
organs of sense.  The 2d  order, class Neurotica,
of Good.  Also, agents that affect sensation.—
Pereira.
  JESTIYUS, Estival.
  JESTUARIUM, Stove.
  JESTUATIO, Ardor, Ebullition, Fermentation.
  JESTUS, Ardor.
  JEstus  Volat'icus.  Sudden heat, scorching
or flushing of the face.—A'ogel.
  .ETAS, Age — ae. Bona, Adolescence—ae. De-
crepita, Decrepitude — ae. Mala, Senectus — 33.
Provecta,  Senectus — ae. Senilis, Senectus.
  EITHER, Ether, from at^np, ' air,' or from at$u,
' I burn.'  Naphtha.  Liquor aithe'reus.  A vola-
tile liquor obtained by distillation  from a mix-
ture of alcohol and  a concentrated acid.  See
.JEther sulphuricus, and Ether.
  JEther Aceticus, see .Ether Sulphuricus—33.
Chloricus, Chloroform, Ether, chloric
  JItheb Hydriod'icus, Hydriod'ic  or Iodhy'-
dric Ether, Iodide of Ethyle.   (F.) JEther iodhy-
drique: obtained  by mixing alcohol, parts  v.;
iodine, parts x.;  and phosphorus, one part, and
distilling.  It is used for  iodine inhalation.
  .Ether Hydrochloricus; .Ether muriaticus.
  JEther Hydrocyan'icus, JE. Prus'sicus, Hy-
drocyan'ic or Prussic Ether, Hydrary'anate  of
Eth'erine, Cyan'uret of Eth'yle, (F.) Ether Hydro-
cyanique,  has  been advised in hooping-cough,
and where  the hydrocyanic acid  is indicated.
Dose, 6 drops.
  JEther  Lignosus,  Acetone — ae.  Martialis,
Tinctura seu Alcohol sulfurico-aethereus  ferri.
  JEther Muriat'icus,^'. Hydrochlo'ricus, Mu-
riat'ic, Chlorohy'dric or Marine Ether, Mu'riate
of Etherine, Chloride of Ethyle. This ether,  on
account of its volatility, can only be kept in cool
places.  It has the properties of the other ethers,
and when used is generally mixed with an equal
bulk of alcohol.   It has been employed  as  an
anesthetic
  A Chlorinated  Chlorohydric Ether,  (F.) Ether
Chlorhydrique  chlort,  formed  by the action  of
Chlorine on Chlorohydric  Ether, has been intro-
duced  into practice as a local anaesthetic.
   JEther  Muriaticus Alcoholicus,  Spiritus
aetheris muriaticus—ae. Nitricus, see either Sul-
phuricus — ae.  Nitricus  Alcoolisatus,  Spiritus
Ktheris nitrici — ae. Pyro-aceticus, Acetone — as.
Nitrosus, see JEther sulphuricus.
  JEther Sulphu'ricus,  JEther (Ph.  U. S.), JE.
Vitriol.'icus,  Naphtha  Vitrioli seu  Sulphu'rica,
O'leum vitriole dulce,  Sul'phuric   Ether.  (F.)
Ether, Ether sulfurique,  vitrioliqtte ou hydrati-
que.   Ether prepared from sulphuric acid and
alcohol.
  Rectified Ether,  JEther rectifica'ttts, prepared
by distilling  12 oz. from  a  mixture  of sulphuric
ether,  ftxiv, fused potass, ,^ss. and distilled
water,  f^ij, is  a  limpid, colourless,  very inflam-
mable, volatile liquor; of a penetrating and fra-
grant odour,  and hot pungent taste.   Its s. g. is
0.732.
  JEther  Sulphuricus,  Sulphuric  Ether  of the
Pharmacopoeia  of  the   United States  (1S42),
/Ether of that of 1851, is formed from  alcohol,
Oiv ; sulphuric acid, Oj ;  potassa, 3vj i  distilled
water,  fjfiij;  distilling and redistilling according
to the process there laid down.   The specific gra-
vity of this ether is 0.750.
  it is a diffusible  stimulant, narcotic and anti-
spasmodic, and is externally refrigerant.   Dose,
gtt. xxx to fijiss.   AVhen ether is inhaled, it  is
found to be a valuable anaesthetic agent: and is
employed  with  advantage  in spasmodic affections,
and in  surgical operations.  See Anaesthetic.
  The  Parisian Codex has an  JEther ace'ticus,
Naphtha Ace'ti, (F.) Ether acetique ; an jEther
muria'tiens seu  hydrochlo'ricus, (F.)  Ether chlor-
hydrique; an /Ether ni'tricus seu nitro'sus, (F.) 
JETIIEREA HERBA          3
8
AFFUSION
Ether nitrique  ou nitreux  ou azoteux; and  an
uEther phosphora'tus.   They  all possess  similar
virtues.  See Anaesthetic.
  .Ether Sulphuricus  Acidus, Elixir  acidum
Halleri — ae.  Sulphuricus cum alcohole, Spiritus
aetheris sulphurici—ae. Sulphuricus cum alcohole
aromaticus, Spiritus aetheris aromaticus.
  JEthkr  Terebinthina'tus,  Terebinth'inated
ether, made by mixing gradually two pounds of
alcohol, and half a pound of spirit of turpentine,
with two pounds of concentrated nitric acid, and
distilling one-half the mixture with a gentle heat.
Employed externally and  internally in  biliary
calculi, rheumatism, Ac.  Dose  20 to  40 drops,
in honey or yolk of egg.
  JETIIEREA HERBA, Eryngium  maritimum.
  JETIIE'REAL, JEthe'reus, Ethe'real, Ethe'-
reous,  (F.) Etheree.  An ethereal tincture, (F.J
 Teinture etheree, is  one formed by the action of
sulphuric ether, at  the ordinary temperature, on
medicinal substances.  An  ethereal oil is a vola-
tile oil.  See Olea Volatilia.
  JETHERISMUS, Etherism.
  JETHERISATIO, Etherization.
  JETIIERISATUS,  Etherized.
  JETHE'RE0-OLE0'SA(Remedia),from^7fte-
roleum, ' a volatile oil.'  Remedies, whose pro-
perties  are dependent upon the volatile oil they
contain.
  JETIIEROLEA, Olea volatilia.
  JETHIOP'ICUS  LAPIS, Ethiopian  stone.  A
stone formerly supposed to be possessed  of con-
siderable virtue.—Oribasius.
  JETHIOPIFICA'TIO, JEthiopopoe'sis, JEthi-
opis'mus, JEthiopio'sis, from JEthiops, andfacere,
' to make'   The mummy-like colouring of the
skin, induced at times by  the use of  mercurial
ointment; and seen in bodies poisoned by  arsenic.
  JETHIOPIOSIS, JEthiopificatio.
  JETHIOPIS,  Salvia sclarea.
  JETHIOPISMUS, JEthiopificatio.
  JETHIOPOPOESIS, JEthiopificatio.
  JE'THIOPS,  from  atSur, 'I  burn,' and ax£,
'countenance.'  A  black or burnt countenance.
The ancients gave  this  name to certain oxides
and sulphurets of metals, which were of  a  black
colour.
  JEthiops Albus, Albino  — ae. Alcalisatus, Hy-
drargyrum cum creta—33. Animal, see  Choroid.
  JEthiops Martia'lis,  Mar'tial Ethiops, Ferri
Deutox'ydum nigrum.  The black deutoxide of
iron : once in repute as a  tonic.  See Oxydum
Ferri nigrum.
  JEthiops Mineralis, Hydrargyri sulphuretum
nigrum—ae. Narcoticus, Hydrargyri sulphuretum
nigrum—ae. per se,  Hydragyri oxydum cinereum
—ae. Saccharatus, Hydrargyrum saccharatum—
33. Vegetabilis, see Fucus vesiculosus.
  JETHOLTCES, from  at&u, 'I burn.'    Fiery
pustules on the  skin.   Some have  considered
them to have been boils.
  JETHUSA AMMI, Sison ammi.
  JEthu'sa Cyna'pium, Fool's Parsley, (F.)Faux
Persil,  Petite Cigue.  Family, Umbelliferae. Sex.
Syst.  Pentandria Digynia.  A  poisonous plant,
which has been  mistaken  for true parsley, pro-
ducing nausea,  vomiting,  headache,  giddiness,
sopor, and at times, fatal results.   It  resembles
conium in its action.
  JEthu'sa  Meum, Meum, M.  Athaman'ticum,
seu Anethifo'lium, Athaman/ta Meum, Ligus'ticum
Capilla'ceum seu Meum, Ses'eli Meum, Men,  Spig-
nef, Baldmoney. (F.) Ethuse, Menm. The  root has
been advised as carminative, stomachic,  Ac.
  JETIOL'OGY, JEtiolog"ia, Etiol'ogy, Aitio-
log"ia,  from  atna, 'cause,'  and  Xoyos,  'a dis-
course.'  The doctrine of the causes of disease.
   ETI'TES   or  AETITES,  from  atros,  'an
eagle.'  Eagle-stone, Pierre el'Aigle, Hydrate de
tritoxide de fer.  This stone was formerly sup-
posed to facilitate delivery, if bound on the thigh ;
and to prevent abortion, if bound on the  arm.
It was also called Lapis  Collymus.
  JETOI, or AETOI PHLEBES, Temporal veins.
  JETOLION, Cnidia grana.
  AFFADIL, Narcissus pseudo-narcissus.
  AFFADISSEMENT,  (F.) from fade, 'insipid.'
That condition of the digestive function in which
the appetite  is  diminished, the  sense  of taste
blunted, and the action of the stomach enfeebled;
a state usually accompanied by general languor.
  AFFA IBLISSEMENT, Asthenia.
  AFFAIRES, Menses.
  AFFAISSEMENT, Collapsus.
  AFFECTIO, Affection—a.  Arthritica Cordis,
Cardiagra—a. Hypochondriaca, Hypochondriasis
—a. Hysterica, Hysteria—a. Sarmatica, Plica —
a. Tympanitica, Tympanites.
  AFFECTION, Affec'tio, from  officio or affec-
tare (ad and facere,) 'to  move or influence.'
Any mode  in which the mind or body is affected
or modified.
  AFFECTION TYPHOiDE,  see  Typhus —
a. Vnjioreuse, Hypochondriasis.
  AFFECTION ES  ANIMI,  Affections  of the
mind.
  AFFECTIONS OF THE MIND, Affec'tus seu
Passio'nes  seu Affectio'nes seu Conqiiassatio'nes
seu Confusio'nes  seu Turbatio'nes seu Pertnrba-
tio'nes an'imi, (F.) Affections de I'dme include nut
only the different passions, as love, hatred, jea-
lousy, Ac,  but every condition  of the mind that
is accompanied by  an  agreeable  or disagreeable
feeling, as  pleasure, fear, sorrow,  Ac.
  In Pathology, Affection, Pathos, Pathe'mn,  is
synonymous  with disease :  thus  we speak  of a
pulmonary  affection, a  calculous affection, Ac.
  AFFECTIONS  DE L'AME.   Affections of
the mind.
  AFFECTIVE. That which affects, touches, &o.
Gall gives the term affective faculties, (F.)  Facul-
tSs  affectives,  to functions dependent upon the
organization  of the brain, comprising the senti-
ments, affections, Ac.
  AFFECTUS, Passion — a. Faucium pestilens,
Cynanche  maligna—a. Hyderodes, Hydrops—a.
Spasmodico-convulsivus  labiorum, Neuralgia fa-
ciei.
  AF'FERENT, Af'ferens,  Centrip'etal, Esod'ic,
from  affe.ro, (ad and fero, ' to carry,') ' I  bring.'
Conveying inwards, as from the periphery to the
centre.  The vessels which convey the lymph or
chyle to the lymphatic glands, are called afferent,
vasa  afferen'tia seu  inferen'tia.   Also,  nerves
that convey impressions towards the nervous
centres —nervi entobcenon'tes.
  AF'FION,  Aff'ium, Of'fium.   Opium.   The
Bantamese thus designate an electuary of which
opium is the basis,  and which they use as an ex-
citant.
  AFFLA'TUS, Adfla'tus, Epipnoi'a, from ad,
' to,;'and flare, 'to  blow.'  Any air that  strikes
the body and produces disease
  AF'FLUENCE, Afflux, from affluere, («rfand
fluere, ' to  flow,') ' to  flow to.'   A flow or deter-
mination of humours,  and particularly of blood,
towards  any part.
  AFFLUXUS. Fluxion.

   A?pS2TDnL^N^CisSUSpseudo-nareissuo-
     n v-  , '  .Aff"slon—a. Frigida, see Affusion
—a. Orbicularis, Placenta.
  AFFU'SION, Affn'sio, Pros'chysis, Epich'ysis,
from ad, to,' and/Were, fusum, ' to pour ' The
action of pouring a liquid on any body  ' Affu-
sions, Rhyptolu'sim, cold and warm, are used in 
AFIUM
3
9           AGGLUTINATIF
different diseases.   The  cold  affusion, Affu'sio
seu I'crfu'sio frig"ida, is said to have been bene-
ficial in cutting short typhus fever and scarlatina,
if used during the first days.   It consists in pla-
cing the patient in  a tub, and pouring cold water
over him ;  then wiping him dry, and putting him
to bed.   The only precaution necessary is, to use
it in the state of greatest heat and exacerbation ;
not  when  chilliness, or  topical inflammation,  is
present.
  AFIUM. Opium.
  AFTER-BIRTH, Secundines.
  AFTER-PAINS, See  Pains, labour.
  AGACEMENT, (F.) from aK.at,uv,' to sharpen.'
The setting on edge.
  AG A CEMENT DES DENTS.   A  disagree-
able sensation experienced when acids are placed
in contact  with the  teeth.  Tooth-edge.  Setting
the teeth on  edge.
  AGACEMENT DES NERFS.  A slight irri-
tation  of  the  system, and  particularly of the
organs  of  sense  and  locomotion, corresponding
nearly to the English  Fidgets.
  AG AII,  Intermittent  Fever.
  AGALACTATIO, Agalactia.
  AGALACTIA, Agalax'ia, Agalac'tio, Agalac-
ta'tio, Defec'tus lac'tis, Oligoga'lia, Oligogalac'-
tin,  from a, privative, and yaXa, 'milk.'  Absence
of milk  in  the mammae.
  AGALAXIA, Agalactia.
  AGAL'LOCHUM, from ayaXXor,  ' I decorate,'
Calambac,  Calambouk, Li if num Agal'lochi veri
seu Al'o'es  seu Aspal'athi, Xylo'dloes, Aloes wood.
A resinous and very aromatic wood of the East
Indies,  from Excmca'ria Agal'locha, Cynome'tra
Agal'lochum, Aloex'ylon  Agal'lochum.   Used  in
making  pastils,   Ac  — Dioscorides,  Oribasius,
Paulus.
  AGAMOUS, See  Cryptogamous.
  AG'ARIC, Agar'icum, Agar'icus.  A genus  of
plants in the Linnaoan system, some of which are
edible, others poisonous.  It is supposed to have
been so called from  Agaria, a region of Sarmatia.
—Dioscorides.  Among the edible varieties of the
Boletus, the following  are the  chief:—1. The
Agar'icus  edu'lis  seu Arven'sis  seu Sylvat'icus
seu Campes'tris, (F.) Agaric comestible et  cham-
pignon  de couche.   2. The Agar'icus odora'tus,
(F.) Moitsseron.   The most  common poisonous
varieties are the Agar'icus neca'tor, (F.) Agaric
meurtrier ; and, 2. The Agaricus acris, (F.) Aga-
ric acre;  besides   the  Attranite,  a sub-genus,
which includes several species.  One of the most
delicate  is the  Agaricus Aurantiacits, but care
must be taken  not to confound it with the A.
Pseudo-aurantiacus, which  is very poisonous.
The A.  aurantiacus is  called, in French, Oronge.
See Poisons, Table of.
  Agaric,  see Boletus  igniarius—a. Amadouvier,
Boletus  laricis—a.  Blanc, Boletus  laricis—a. de
Chine, Boletus igniarius—a. Female, Boletus ig-
niarius— a. of the  Oak,  Boletus  igniarius —  a.
Odorant, Daedalea suaveolens—a. White, Boletus
laricis.
  AG ARICUM, Boletus  igniarius.
  AGARICUS, Boletus igniarius—a. Albus, Bo-
letus laricis—a. Arvensis, see Agaric—a. Auran-
tiacus,  Amanitas,  Bolites — a. Auriculaeforma,
Pe/.ii'.a  auricula—a. Campestris, see Agaric—a.
Chirurgoruui, Boletus igniarius—a. Igniarius,
Boletus   igniarius—a.  Laricis,  Boletus  laricis—
a. Pseudo-aurantiacus, Amanitas — a.  Quercus,
Boletus  igniarius — a.  Sylvaticus, see Agaric.
  AC A RIFIED, See Feverish.
  AGASTROXER'ATA, (F.) Agastronervie, from
a. privative, yaoTr/p, 'stomach,' and vevpov, 'nerve'
Want of nervous action in the stomach.
  A(i ASYLLIS GALBANUM.Bubon galbanum.
  AGATHIS DAMARRA, Pinus damarra.
  AGATnOSMA  CRENATUM, Diosma  ere-
nata.
  AGATHOTES  CHIRAYITA, Gentiana chi-
rayita.
  AGA'VE AMERICA'NA, A. Ramo'sa, Ameri-
can Agave, American aloe, Maguey, from ayavos,
'admirable.'  Nat. Ord. Bromeliaeea?.  Sex. Syst.
Hexandria Monogynia.   This  plant  has been
considered diuretic and antisyphilitic'  The fa-
vourite drink of the  Mexicans— Pulque—is  the
fermented juice of this plant.
  Agave Ramosa, A. Americana.
  Agave Virgin'ica, Rattlesnake's master, False
aloe,—grows in  the Southern States.   The root
is very bitter.  It  has been used  in tincture as a
carminative in colic; and as a remedy for bites
of serpents.
  AGE,  'nXtKta, Heli'kia, JEtas ;—Of uncertain
etymon.   Period of life.  Time  that has elapsed
since birth, Ac.  Five ages  are  often designated
in the life of man : 1. First infancy (Infan'tia ;)
2. Second  infancy (Pueri"tia;)  3.  Adolescence
(Adolesceu'tia ;) 4. The adult age ( Viril'itas ;)
5. Old age, (Old Eng.) Elth, (Senec'tus.)
  AGENEIOS, Imberbis.
  AGEN'ESIS, from a, privative, and yeveots,
'generation,' (F.) Aginesie.   Imperfect develop-
ment of  any part of the body;  as cerebral'age-
nesis, i. e. imperfect development of the brain in
the foetus.   See  Monster.
  AGENNESIA, Impotence, Sterilitas.
  AGENNESIS, Impotence.
  AGENOSO'MUS,  from a,  privative, ycwaoi,
' I generate,' and otopa, ' body.'   A malformation
in which the fissure and eventration are chiefly
in the lower part of the abdomen ; the urinary or
sexual apparatus absent, or very rudimentary.
  AGENT, Agens, from agere,  'to act.'  Any
power which produces, or tends to produce, an
effect on the human body.   Morbific agents, (F.j
Agens morbifiques, are the causes of disease;—
therapeutical agents, (F.) Agens therapeutiques,
the means  of treating it.
  AGER NATURJE, Uterus.
  AGERA'SIA, Insenescen'tia, from a, privative,
and ynpas,  ' old age.'  A vigorous and green old
age.
  AGERATUM, Achillea ageratum—a. Altissi-
mum, Eupatorium ageratoides.
  AGE'RATUS  LAPIS,  Aynparos.   A  stonq
used  by cobblers  to  polish shoes.   It was for-
merly esteemed discutient and astringent.—Ga-
len, Oribasius, Paulus.
  AGES, Palm.
  AGEUSIA, Ageustia.
  AGEUS'TIA, Agheus'tia, Ageusia, Apogeus'-
tia, Apogeu'sis, Dyscesthe'sia gtistato'ria,Anaisthe' -
sia gustato'ria, Parageu'sis, from a, priv., and
yevats, 'taste.'  Diminution  or loss  of taste,
AnoBsthe'sia lingual.—Sauvages,  Cullen.
  AGGLOM'ERATE, Agglomera'tns,  from  ag-
glomerare,  (ad and glomerare, 'to wind up yarn
in a ball,') 'to collect together.'  Applied to tu-
mours or glands in aggregation.
  AGGLU'TINANT, Agglu'tinans,   Collet'icus,
Glu'tinans, from gluten,  'glue,' (F.) Agglutinant.
Agglutinatif, Glutinatif,  Colletique.   Remedies
were  formerly so called, which were considered
capable of uniting divided parts.—Paulus.
  Plasters  are called agglutinants, (F.) aggluti-
natifs, which adhere strongly to the  skin.  Cer-
tain bandages are likewise so termed ;  (F.) Ban-
delettes agglutinatives.
  TO AGGLUTINATE.  The  French use  the
word agglutiner in the  sense of 'to reunite;' as
agglutiner les levres d'tine plaie, 'to  reunite  the
lips of a  wound.'
  AGGLUTINATIF, Agglutinant. 
AGGLUTINATIO           40              AGRYPNODES
   AGGLUTINATIO, Coition.
   AGGLUTINATION,  Colle'sis,  Epicolle'sis,
 Proscolle'sis, Glutina'tio,  from agglutinare, ' to
 glue  together.'   The first degree of adhesion.
 Also, the action of agglutinants.
   AGGLUTINER, To agglutinate.
   AG'GREGATE, Aggrega'tus, from aggrcgare,
 \ad and gregnre,) ' to flock together,' 'to assemble
 together.'  Glands are called aggregate which are
 in  clusters.  See Peyeri  Glandula;.  Aggregate
 pills, (F.J Pilules agregatives, signified, formerly,
 those which were believed to contain the proper-
 ties of a considerable number of  medicines, and
 to be able to supply their place.
   AGHEUSTIA, Ageustia.
   AGHOUL, Agul.
   AGIAHA'LID or  AGIHA'LID or AGRA-
 HA'LID.  An  Egyptian  and Ethiopian  shrub,
 similar to Nimenia.  The Ethiopians use it as a
 vermifuge.  The fruit is purgative.
   AGIHALID, Agiahalid.
   AGISSANT, Active.
   AGITATION, Agita'tio, Done'sis, from agere,
 ' to act.'  Constant and fatiguing motion of the
 body, Tyrbe, Tyrba'sia, In'quies,—or distressing
 mental  inquietude,—An'imi Agita'tio.
   AGITATORIUS, Convulsive.
   AGLOS'SIA,  from  a, privative, and yXtvoaa,
 ' the tongue.'   A malformation, which consists
 in the want of a tongue.
   AGLOSSOS'TOMA, from Aglossia, and aropa,
 'mouth.'  A mouth without a tongue.
   AGLOSSOSTOMOG'RAPHY,  Aglossostomo-
 gra'phia, from a, priv., yXurooa,  'the tongue,'
 aropa,  'the mouth,' and ypatpu,  'I  describe.'
 Description of a mouth without a tongue.—Ro-
 land,  (of Saumur.)
   AGLUTI'TION, Agluti"tio,~ from a, priv., and
 glutire,  ' to  swallow.'   A hybrid  term, designa-
 ting impossibility of swallowing.—Linnaeus.
   A CM A, Fracture.
   AGMATOLOG'TA, from aypa, ayparos,  frac-
 ture, and Xoyos, 'a description.'   The doctrine
 of fractures.  A treatise on fractures.
   AG ME, Fractures.
   AG.M IN A DIGITORUM MANUS, Phalanges
 of the fingers.—a. Membrana, Amnios.
   AGMINATED GLANDS, Peyer's glands.
   AGNAIL, Hangnail.
  AGNA'THIA, from a, priv., and yvaBos, 'jaw.'
 A malformation, which consists in the want of
 the jaw. especially of the lower.
   AG NINA MEMBRANA, Amnios.
  AGNOI'A, Agnce'a, from a, priv., and ytvuroKur,
 ' I know.' State of a patient who does not recog-
 nise individuals.—Hippocrates, Galen, Foesius.
  AGNUS CASTUS, Vitex.
  AGO'GE, ayuryn.  The order or condition of a
 disease.—Hippoc, Galen.  Likewise the state of
 the air.—Hippoc, Galen, Gomeus, Foesius.
  AGOGUE, ayuryos,' a leader,' from ayur, ' I lead
 or expel.'  Hence Cholagogue, an expeller of  bile;
 Hydragogue, Ac
  AGOMPIII'ASIS, Agompho'sis, from a, priva-
tive, and  yoptpoor, 'I  nail.'   Looseness of the
teeth.—Gorraeus.  See Gomphiasis.
  AGOMPHOSIS, Agomphiasis.
  AGON, Agony.
  AGONE, Hyoscyamus.
  AGONIA, Sterilitas.
  AGONISMA, Agony.
  AGONISMUS, Agony.
  AGONIS'TICA, from  ayttv, 'a combat.'   The
part of ancient gymnastics, which had reference
to the combats of the Athletae.
  Also  very cold water, given 'internally to calm
febrile heat.—Paulus of JEgina
  AGONIZANS, Psychorages.'
  AGONOS, Sterile.
   AG'ONY, Agon'ia, Agon, Agonrs'ma, Agonis'.
 mns,  Mochtlms,  Magus, Psychoruifia,  I'sychor-
 rhag'Ha, Attgor, Throe, Throw, (Sc.) Patient of
 death, from aytov, 'a combat.'  The last struggle
 of life.—Galen, Gorraeus, Ac  The agony, which
 is of  longer or shorter duration, is characterized
 by great change in the features, gradual abolition
 of sensation and motion, loss of voice, dryness or
 lividity of the tongue and lips, rattling  in  the
 throat, small and intermittent pulse, and coldness
 of the extremities.  This state  is not present in
 those  who  die  suddenly.   See  Facies Hippo-
 cratica.
   AGOS'TUS, from ayur, 'I lead.' The fore arm
 from  the elbow to the fingers.  Also, the palm of
 the hand.—Gorraeus.   See Palm.
   AGRA, aypa, from aypew, ' I seize hold of.'  A
 seizure, as Odontagra, a tooth seizure, toothache;
 Chiragra, Podagra, Ac.
   AGRAFE DE VALENTIN.  A kind of for-
 ceps with parallel branches, employed byAralen-
 tin in the operation  for hare  lip, to effect the
 approximation of the edges of the wound.
   AGRAHALID, Agiahalid.
   AGREGATIVES  PILULES.   See Aggre-
 gate.
   AGREM1E, from agrie, 'gout,' (Piorry,) and
 atpa,  'blood.'  The altered condition of the blood
 in gout.—Piorry.
   AGRIA, Herpes exedens, Lichen agrius.
   AGRIAMPELOS, Bryonia alba.
   AGRICOCCIMELEA, Prunus Spinosa.
   AGRIE, Gout.
   AGRIFOLIUM, Ilex aquifolium.
   AGRIMONIA,  Agrimony —a.   Eupatoria,
 Agrimony—a. Odorata, Agrimony—a.  Officina-
 lis, Agrimony.
   Agrimonia  Parviflo'ra,  Small-flow'ered or
 Sweet-scented  Agrimony; indigenous; has simi-
 lar properties to  A. Eupatoria.  See Agrimony.
   AG'RIMONY, Agrimo'nia, A. Eupato'ria seu
 odora'ta seu offtcina'lis, Caf'al, Lap'pula hepat'-
 ica, Cockle-bur, Stickwort.  (F.) Aigremoine.  Ord.
 Rosaceae.   Sex. Syst.  Icosandria Digynia.  A
 mild astringent and stomachic.  Dose, in powder,
 from 9j to 3j.
   Agrimony, Hemp, Eupatorium  cannabinum—
 a.  Small-flowered,  Agrimonia  parviflora — a.
 Sweet-scented, Agrimonia parviflora.
   AGRIOCASTANUM, Bunium bulbocastanuin,
 Lycoperdon tuber.
   AGRIOCINARA, Sempervivum tectorum.
   AGRIORIGANUM, Origanum majorana.
   AGRIOSELINUM, Smyrnum olusatrum.
   AGRIOTHYM'IA,  from aypios,  'ferocious,'
 and Svpos,  'disposition.' Ferocious  insanity.—
 Sauvages.
   AGRIPALMA GALLIS, Leonurus cardiaca.
   AGRIP'PA, JEgrip'pa,   from  ager partus,
 'difficult birth :'or perhaps from aypa, 'taking
 or seizure,' and wovs, 'the foot."  This term  has
 been given to those born by the feet,  It is pre-
tended that the family of Agrippa obtained their
name  from  this circumstance. Parturition, where
the feet present, is called Agripjias partus, Agrip.
pi'nns partus.
  AGRIPPINUS PARTUS, see A-rippa
   AGRO DI CEDRO, see Citrus ni'edica.
   AGROPYRUM LJEVISSlMUM, Triticum re-
 pens.

  AGROSTIS, Bryonia  alba—a. Verticillata,
Andropogon muncatus.
   AGRUNA, Prunus spinosa.
  AGRYPNIA. Insomnia
  AGRYPNOCOMA, Coma vi<ril.
AGRYPNO'DES,  from
aypvTzvos, ' sleepless.'
.-,,          , ,    .'  :..... "/fuiyos,  -sieep ess.
Characterized by sleeplessness, as Febris Aarvn
nodes, a fever accompanied with sleenlessn^V 
AGRYPNOTICUS            4
I
AIRIGNE
  AGRYPNOTICUS, Anthypnotic.
  AGRYP'NUS, aypv-vos.   Sleepless, vigilant.
  AGUA DE VERUGA, see Verugas.
  AGUARDIENTE, Brandy.   See also  Spirit.
—«. de Italia, see Spirit.
  A'GUE, from Oothic, agis, 'trembling.' (?) In-
termittent fever; often  used in the same sense
as chill or rigor.
  Aour. and Fever, Intermittent fever.
  Ague, Brow,  Neuralgia frontalis.
  Ague  Cake, Placen'ta febri'lis seu sple'nica,
Physco'nia  sple'nica, Splettis  Tumor; (F.) Gd-
teau fibrile.  A  visceral obstruction—generally
in the  spleen—which follows agues, and  is dis-
tinctly  felt  by  external  examination.   To  a
greater or less degree, it is not  uncommon.
  Ague, Dead, see Fever, masked.
  Ague Drop, Tasteless, Liquor arsenicalis.
  Ague,  Dumb,  see  Fever, masked — a.  Face,
Neuralgia, facial.
  Ague, Free, Laurus sassafras.
  Ague, Leaping, see Leaping ague — a. Quar-
tan, Quartan—a.  Tertian, Tertian fever.
  Ague Tree, Laurus sassafras.
  Ague, Third-day, Tertian.
  Ague AVeed, Eupatorium perfoliatum.
  AGU'IOS,  from a,  priv., and yvtov,  'limb.'
Mutilated or wanting limbs.—Hippocr.   Weak,
feeble.—Galen.
  AGUL, A ghoul, Alha'gi,  the Hedisa'rum seu
Hedysa'rum alhagi.   A thorny shrub of  Persia
and Mesopotamia, which affords manna.  The
leaves are purgative.
  AGYR'IAS, from  ayvpts,  'a  collection.'  Opa-
city of the crystalline.—Aetius, Par6.
  AGYR'TA, from ayvpts, 'a crowd.'  Formerly,
a stroller who pretended to supernatural powers.
Subsequently, a  quack or illiterate pretender.—
See Charlatan.
  AGYRTIA, Charlatanry.
  AIIO'RA, from a, privative,  and  'opa, 'youth.'
Tardy development of the organs: the opposite
to Huperho'ra.
  AHOUAI, Thevetia ahouai.
  AIIUSAL, Orpiment.
  AHYPNIA, Insomnia.
  AIAULT, Narcissus pseudo-narcissus.
  AIDE  (F.), Ad'jutor min'ister.  An assistant
to a surgeon in his operations.
  AIDOIOMANIA, Nymphomania.
  AIERSA, Iris Germanica.
  AIGE,  JEgias.
  AIGLE, MINERAL AVATERS OF.  Near the
city of this name, in Normandy, is  the  chaly-
beate spring of St. Xantin, much  used  in the
16th and  17th centuries.
  AIGLE, JEgias.
  AIGRE,  Acidulous—a. Voix.  See Acid.
  AIGRELET,  Acidulous.
  AIGRETTE,   Rumex  acetosa,   see   Typha
latifolia.
  AIGREMOINE, Agrimony.
  A1GREURS,  Acidities.
  AIGU, Acute.
  AIGUES-CAUDES,  MINERAL  WATERS
OF, Aignes-chaudes, Eanx  chaitdes, Aqua cal'-
idee.  Sulphurous springs, about six miles from
Bonnes,  Basses  Pyr6nees,  in  France: five in
number, the temperature of  which  is, respec-
tively, about 70°, 81°, 92°, 93°, and 95°.
  AIGUILLE,  Needle—a.  a  Acupuncture, see
Needle—a.  d Appareil,  see  Needle—a. d  Bee tie
Lierr-c,  see  Needle—a.  d  Cataracte, see Needle
—a. de Dcschamps, see Needle—a. EngainSe, see
Needle—a.  d  Fistule,  see  Needle—a. d  Gaine,
see  Needle—a.  d  Ligature, see  Needle—a. d
Manche, see Needle—a. d Scton, see Needle—a.
a Suture, see Needle.
  AIGU1LLON (F.),  Spina   Helmon'tii.   A
term used  since  the  time  of \ran  nelmont to
designate the proximate cause of inflammation.
According  to him,  ah  inflamed part is in the
same condition  as if an aiguillon or thorn  were
thrust into  it.
  AIGUISER,  To acidulate.
  AIL,  Allium.
  AILE, Ala, Aileron.
  AILERON (F.),  Extre'ma Ala seu Pin'mda,
diminutive  of (F.) Aile, a wing.   The extremity
of the wing of a bird, to which the great feathers
are  attached.
  AILERONS  DE  LA  MATRICE.  Three
folds at the base of the broad ligaments of the ute-
rus, which are occupied by the ovary and its liga-
ment, the Fallopian tube, and the round ligament.
  AILING, Sick, Sickly.
  AILMENT, Disease.
  AIMA, 'atpa, see  Hasma.
  AIMANT, Magnet.
  AIMATERA. ilepatirrhoea.
  AIMORRH<EA, Ihemorrhagia.
  AIMORRHOIS, Hajmorrhois.
  AINE, Inguen.
  AIPATHIA,  Continent disease.
  AIPI, Jatropha manihot.
  AIPIMA COXERA, Jatropha manihot.
  A1PIPOCA, Jatropha manihot.
  AIR,  A'er, Pneuma,  from  au>,  ' I  breathe.'
Common Air, Atmospheric air, (F.) Air- atmosphi-
rique, is an invisible, transparent, inodorous, in-
sipid, ponderable, compressible, and  elastic fluid,
which, under the form  of the atmosphere, sur-
rounds the  earth to the height of 15 or 16 leagues.
  Air is essentially composed of  two gases,  oxy-
gen and nitrogen, in the proportion  of 20 of the
former to 80 of the latter.   Oxygen is the  vital
portion, but the nitrogen is necessary to dilute it.
Air also contains a small portion of carbonic acid
gas, and has always  floating in it  aqueous va-
pour, different  terrestrial emanations, etc.   Its
effects upon the human body vary according to
its greater or less density, temperature, moisture,
etc.; hence, change of air  is found extremely
serviceable  in the prevention and cure of certain
morbid conditions. See Climate, and Respiration.
  AIR  ACIDE  VITRIOLIQUE,  Sulphurous
acid—a. Alcalin, Ammonia—a.  Atmospherique,
Air.
  AlR BLADDER, Swim-bladder, Swimming-blad-
der,  The Swim,  (F.)  Vessie natntoire.   An ab-
dominal organ  in many fishes, sometimes com-
municating  by  means of a  duct, Ductus pneu-
mat'icus, with the alimentary canal, at others,
not,  which  is considered by some to belong to
the  respiratory system.  Its contents are the ele-
ments of atmospheric air, but in different propor-
tions; and  its chief and  general function appears
to be to regulate the specific  gravity  of the fish.
  Air Cells of the Lungs. Bronchial cells; see
Cellule—a.  Chamber, Folliculus aaris.
  Air, Dephlogisticated,  Oxygen — a. Empy-
real, Oxygen.
  AIR DU FEU, Oxygen.
  Air,   Factitious,  Carbonic acid — a. Fixed,
Carbonic acid — a.  Gate, Azote — a. Hepatique,
Hi'drogen sulphuretted—a. Inflammable, Hydro-
gen, Hydrogen carburetted — a.  Mephitic,  Car-
bonic acid.
  AlR PASSAGES, (F.) Voies aeriennes,  V. aeri-
fires.  The larynx, trachea, bronchia, etc.
  AIR PUANT, Hydrogen, sulphuretted.
  Air,  Pure, Oxygen—a. Solid, of Hales, Car-
bonic acid—a.  Vicie, Azote—a. ATital, Oxygen.
  AIRAIN. Bell-metal, Brass.
  AIRE, Areola.
  AIRELLE ANGULEVSE, Araccinium myr-
tillus—a. Ponctuee, Araccinium vitis idosa.
  AIRIGNE, Hook. 
AIRTHREY
4
2            ALBUGINEOUS
  AIRTHREY,  MINERAL  WATERS   OF.
Airthrey is  situate about  two miles north of
Stirling,  Scotland.  The  waters are saline  ca-
thartics; containing chloride of sodium, chloride
of calcium, sulphate of zinc, and chloride of mag-
nesium.
  AISELLE, Axilla.
  AIST1IESIS, JEsthesis.
  AITHOMO'MA, from at%s,  'black.'  A black
condition of all the humours of the eye.  A. Pare.
  AITIA, Cause.
  AITIOLOGY, JEtiologia.
  AITION, Cause.
  AIX-LA-CHAPELLE, MINERAL WATERS
OF.  Called by the Germans, Aachen. A ther-
mal, sulphureous mineral water, which contains,
in 1000  grammes, 28.54 cubic  inches of sulpho-
hydric acid gas, 18.05 cubic inches of carbonic
acid gas, 0.1304 grammes  of carbonate of lime,
0.0440 grammes of carbonate of magnesia, 0.5444
grammes of carbonate of soda, 2.3697 grammes
of chloride of sodium,  0.2637 of sulphate of soda,
and  0.0705 of silica.   The temperature is 134°
Fahrenheit.
  The factitious water of Aix-la-Chapelle, A'qua
Aquisgranen'sis, (F.)  Eau d'Aix-la-Chapelle, is
made by adding pure  water f^xvijss, to hydro-
sulphuretted water f^iv., carbonate  of soda gr.
XX, chloride of sodium gr. ix.—Ph. P.
  There are thermal sulphureous springs at Aix
in Savoy (98°), and some thermal springs at Aix
in Provence (91°).
  AIZOON, Sempervivum tectorum.
  A'JUGA, A. pyramida'lis,  Consol'ida  me'dia,
Bn'gula, B. pyramida'lis, Ten'criumpyramida'le,
Upright Bugloss,  Middle Consound,  (F.) Bugle
pyramidale.  This plant  is subastringent  and
bitter.
  Ajuga Cham^ipitys, Teucrium chamaepitys.
  Ajuga Reptans, Bu'gula, B. reptans, Common
Bugle, (F.) Bugle rampante, has similar properties.
  AKATALIS, Juniperus communis.
  AKATERA, Juniperus communis.
  AKERATODIAPHANIE, see Caligo.
  AKINESIA, Acinesia.
  AKNEMIA, Acnemia.
  AKOLOGY, Materia Medica.
  AKRATOPEGJE, Acratopegaj.
  AKSIS, Intermittent Fever.
  ALA, Pinna, Pteryx, 'a  wing,'  (F.) Aile.   A
term  often used  by anatomists for part3 which
project like a wing from the median line; as  the
Aim nasi, Aloe of ihe uterus, etc.  See Axilla, and
Pavilion of the Ear.   Also, Pterygium.
  Ala Extrema, see Aileron.
  ALABAMA,   MINERAL   WATERS   OF.
Tallahatta springs contain sulphur, and salts of
iron,  lime, and magnesia.  But the  most noted
are those  of Bladen.   See  Bladen, Mineral Wa-
ters  of.   Bailey's  spring is an acidulo-sulphu-
reous chalybeate.   It is fourteen miles from Tus-
cumbia.
  ALABASTER,   Alabas'trum,  (F.)  Alb&tre,
Alabastri'tes.  A  variety  of  compact gypsum;
of which  an  ointment was once made—the  un-
guen'tum  alabastri'num; used as a discutient.
Alabaster likewise entered into  several denti-
frices.
  ALABASTRITES,  Alabaster.
  ALJE INTERNJE MINORES CLITORUDIS,
Nymphas—a. Magnae, see Sphenoid bone—a. Ma-
jores, Labia pudendi—a. Minores, Nymphaa, see
Sphenoid  bone—a. Muliebres minores, Nyraphae
—a. Nasi, see Nasus—a. Pudendi Muliebris, La-
bia pudendi—a. Pulmonum,  see  Pulmo—a.  of
the Uterus, see Ala—a. Arespertilionis, see Uterus
  ALAISE, Allse.
  ALAITER, from (F.) lait, 'milk.' To suckle.
  ALALIA, Mutitas.
  ALAMBIC, Alembic.
  ALANFU'TA.  A name given by the Arabians
to a vein, situate between the chin and lower lip,
which they were in  the habit of opening in cases
of fcetor of the breath.—Avicenna.
  ALAQUE'CA.  The Hindoostanee name of a
stone, found in small, polished fragments, which
is considered efficacious in arresting hemorrhage
when applied externally.  It is a sulphuret of iron.
  ALARES MUSCULI, Pterygoid muscles.
  Ala'res Ven^e.  The  superficial veius  at the
fold of the arm.
  ALARIA OSSA.  The wing-like  processes of
the sphenoid bone.
  ALA'RIS, Ala'tus,  Aliform'is;  from  ala, 'a
wing.'  Wing-shaped, winged.
  ALATERNUS, COMMON,  Rhamnus  alater-
nus—a. Latifolius, Rhamnus alaternus.
  ALA'TUS,  Pterygo'des,  Homo  ala'tus.  One
whose scapulae project backwards like wings.
  ALBA'DARAN,  Aldabaran.   The  sesamoid
bone of  the metatarso-phalangal  joint  of the
great toe.   The Rabbis and Magicians attributed
extraordinary virtues  to it.—Arabians.
  ALBAGIAZI, Sacrum.
  ALBAMENTUM, Albumen ovi.
  ALB AN, SAINT, MINERAL WATERS OF.
A French acidulous chalybeate, in the department
of the Loire.
  ALBARAS ALBA, Lepra alphoides—a. Nigra,
Lepra nigricans.
  ALBARJES,  Lepra  alphoides.
  ALBAROS, Lepra alphoides.
  ALB AT RE,  Alabaster.
  ALBEDO UNGUIUM, see Nail.
  ALB IN D'CEUF, Albumen ovi.
  ALBINISM, see Albino.
  ALBIN1SMUS, see Albino.
  ALBI'NO,  'White.'  Leucce'thiops,  JEthiops
albus, Dondo, from  albus, 'white,'  (F.) Blafaid,
Negre-blanc. A Spanish word applied to indivi-
duals  of  the human race who have the skin and
hair white (Achromodermie and Acliromotricho-
mie.—Piorry);  the iris very pale,  bordering on
red;  and the eyes so sensible that they  cannot
bear the light of day.  This condition, which has
been called Leucathio'pia, Alpho'sis Althiop'ien,
Albinois'mus,  Albinis'mus,  Al'binism, Knkerla-
kism, Leucopathi'a,  Leuco'sis,  is seen more fre-
quently in  the  Negro.  Both  sexes are exposed
to it.   It does not seem to be  true that there are
tribes of  Albinos  in  the interior of  Africa.
  ALBINOISMUS, see Albino.
  ALBOR OVI,  Albumen ovi.
  AL'BORA.   A kind  of itch or complicated
leprosy.—Paracelsus.
  ALBOT, Crucible.
  ALBOTIM. Terebinthina.
  ALBUGINE", Albuginea, Albugineous.
  ALBUGIN'EA, A.  Testis, Ttt'nien albvgin'en,
Perites'tis, Dura mater testis, Membra'na cnpsultt'-
ris testis.  (F.)  Al.bttging, Tunique albuginee.  A
strong, fibrous, and resisting membrane,  which
immediately envelopes the testicle, and  has, at
its upper  part, an  enlargement, called  corpus
Highmorianum.  From its inner surface it sends
off  a number of flat, filiform  prolongations or
septa,  between which  are  contained the  semi-
niferous vessels.  Externally, it is covered by the
tunica vaginalis testis.
  ALBUGIN'EOUS,  Albugin'eus,  'white,' from
albus, (F.) Albugine. A term applied to textures,
humours, Ac, which are perfectly white
  Albugin'eous  Fibre, (F.) Fibre albnoinfc. A
name given by Chaussier to what  he  considers
one of the four elementary fibres.
  The albugineous fibre is  linear, cylindrical
tenacious, elastic, but little extensible, and of  a
shining, satiny appearance.  It forms  fasciaa or 
ALBUGINITIS             43           ALCHEMILLA
fasciculi, which constitute the tendons, articular
ligaments,  and  aponeuroses; hence  the name
Albugineous membranes, given by  Chaussier to
the fibrous membranes.
  Gauthier considered,  that  the  rete mucosum
consists of four layers,  to two of which  he gives
the names membra'na albugin'ea  prof tin'tin  and
membra'na albugin'ea superficia'lis, respectively.
  ALBUGINI'TIS,   (F.) Albuginite.   A term
employed by some authors for inflammation of
the albugineous tissue.   Thus, gout  and rheu-
matism are regarded as species of the genus
albuginitis.
  ALBUGO  OCULORUM,  Leucoma—a.  Ovi,
Albumen ovi.
  ALBULA, Leucoma.
  ALBUM  CANIS,  Album  grascum —a. Ceti,
Cetaceum.
  Album Gr,ecum, Album Cam's,  Cynoc'oprus,
Spo'dittm  Grazco'rum, Stercus Cani'num Album.
The white dung of the  dog.   It  consists  almost
wholly of phosphate and carbonate of lime, from
the bones used as  food.   It was formerly applied
as a discutient gargle in quinsies, and as an anti-
epileptic;  but  is now justly   banished from
practice.
  Album Nigrum. The excrement of the  mouse.
  Album Oculi, see Sclerotic
  Album Rhazis.  A white ointment made of
cerusse and lard, prescribed by the Arabian phy-
sician  Rhazes.
  ALBU'MEN, Leuco'ma, Ooni'ne,  Ozemun, from
albus,  'white'  (F.)  Albnmine.   An  immediate
principle  of animals  and vegetables, which  con-
stitutes the chief part of the  white of egg.  It is
found  in the serum, chyle, synovia, serous fluids,
Ac.  There is not much difference in  chemical
composition between animal and  vegetable albu-
men, fibrin and casein.  Also, the  white of the
eye.   See Sclerotic.
  Albu'men Ovi, Oval.bu'men, Albu'men, Albu'-
mor,  Albu'go  seu Albor  seu Can'didum  Ovi,
Clare'ta, Ori albus liquor, Albumen'turn,  Lac avis,
white of egg,  (F.) Blanc d'oeuf,  (Old F.) Albin
d'oeuf, is used in  pharmacy for suspending oils,
Ac, in water.  See Ovum.
  Albumen, Salivary, see Saliva.✓
  ALBUMINE, Albumen —a. Ceribrale, Neu-
rine—a. du Cerrcau, Neurine.
  ALBU'MINOID, AlbuminoVdes, from albumen,
and ctios,' resemblance.'  Resembling albumen, as
fibrin,  casein,  Ac.  It is  often applied to aliments
in the  same sense  as proteinous.
  ALBU'MINOSE.   The  soluble  principle of
fibrin,  identical  with the dominant principle of
the white  of  egg.—Bouchardat.   According to
others, the ultimate product of the transformation,
in  the stomach, of  albuminoid  matters, which
renders them  fit for assimilation and nutrition.
Albuminose is not coagulable by heat, and incom-
pletely so by acids; an  excess of  acid dissolving
the precipitate.  Robin  and Verdeil regard it as
synonymous with the casein of the small intestine
of Tiedemann and Gmelin, the gelatiniform matter
of the  intestine of Pr6vost and Morin,  and the
casein  of the blood of Dumas.  See Peptone.
  ALBUMINO'SIS.  A condition of the blood,
in which the ratio  of albumen is increased, as in
abdominal typhus, variola, rubeola, Ac.  Moser
and Strahl.
  ALBUMINURIA. A hybrid term from 'albu-
men,' and ovpov,  ' the urine.'  A condition of the
urine in which it contains albumen, the presence
of which is indicated by its  coagulation on the
application  of  adequate  heat.   See  Kidney,
Bright's disease of the.
  ALBUMINURIC, Albuminn'ricus, (F.) Albtt-
minitriquc.  Relating or appertaining to albumi-
nuria.   One labouring under  Albuminuria.
  ALBUMTNURORRHEE, Kidney, Bright's
disease of the.
  ALBUMOR, Albumen ova.
  AL'CAEST, Al'cahest, Al'chaest, perhaps from
(G.) all, 'all,' and  geist, 'spirit.'  A word in-
vented by Paracelsus to designate a liquor, which,
according to him, was  capable of removing every
kind of swelling.
  The same word was used by A7an Helmont for
a fancied universal  solvent,  capable of reducing
every body to its elements.
  Alcaest  of  Glauber is a  thick liquor ob-
tained by detonating  nitrate of potassa  on hot
coals, which transforms it into  subcarbonate of
potassa.
  Alcaest  of Respour is a mixture  of potassa
and oxyd of zinc
  ALCAHEST,  Alcaest.
  ALCAHOL, Alcohol.
  ALCALES'CENCE, A/kales'cence, Alcalescen'-
tia.   The condition in which  a fluid becomes
alkaline.
  Alcalescence of  the Humours was  an old
notion  of the humourists.  It can  only occur
during  the  putrid fermentation of animal  mut-
ters, which contain azote, and produce ammonia.
Alcalin'ity is the quality of being alcaline.
  AL'CALI or Alca'li, Al.'kali, from  al (Arab.,)
'the,' and kali,  the name of the  Salso'la Soda,
a plant which contains a large quantity of one
of the principal  alkalis—soda.  The  alkalis are
substances soluble in water,  possessing generally
a urinous, acrid, and  caustic taste, turning the
syrup of violets  green, and  restoring to  blue in-
fusion of litmus, which  has been reddened by
acids; reddening the yellow of turmeric, and
having the greatest  tendency to unite with acids,
whose character they modify, and  form salts with
them.   In medicine we understand by this  term
Potassa, Soda, or Ammonia.
  Alcali, Caustic, Al'kali  Caus'ticum.   A pure
alkali.  One deprived of  its  carbonic acid.
  Alcalis,  Fixed,  Soda and potassa; \7olatile
Alcali, Ammonia.
  Alcali Ammoniacum Acetatum, Liquor am-
monias acetatis—a. Ammoniacum fluidum, Liquor
ammonias—a. Fixum  tartarizatum, Potassae tar-
tras—a. Minerale sulphuricum.  Soda, sulphate
of—a. Tartari aceto saturatum, Potassae acetas—■
a. Vegetabile  salito  dephlogisticatum, Potassae
murias  hyperoxygenatus—a. A'egetabile tartari-
zatum,  Potassae   tartras—a.  Vegetabile vitriola-
tum, Potassae sulphas—a. Volatile acetatum, Li-
quor  ammonias  acetatis — a. Arolatile aeratum,
Ammoniae carbonas—a. Arolatile ex sale  ammo-
niaco,  Ammoniae carbonas.
  ALCALIGENE, Azote.
  ALCALINITY.  See Alkalescence.
  AL'CALOID;  from alcali and etios,  'form.'
A name given to the organic alcalis to.distinguish
them from the mineral, from which they differ as
regards composition and general  properties ;—
having nothing in common but their basic  pro-
perties.  Brucia, Emetia, Morphia,  Strychnia,
Ac, are alcaloids.
  ALCANA, Anchusa officinalis.
  ALCANNA MAJOR LATIFOLIA DENTA-
TA, Prinos—a. Orientalis. Lawsonia inermis—a.
Spuria, Anchusa tinctoria—a.  Arera,  Lawsonia
inermis.
  ALCEA, Hibiscus abelmoschus—a. /Egyptiaca,
Hibiscus abelmoschus—a. Indica, Hibiscus abel-
moschus.
  Al'cea Ro'sea, Common hollyhock, Hoc, Hocks.
Emollient, like Althaea.
  ALCHACHENGE, Phvsalis.
  ALCHACHIL, Rosmarinus.
  ALCIIAEST. Alcahest.
  ALCHEMIL'LA,  said to have been celebrated 
ALCHEMY                44                ALEIMMA
with the Alchemists [?], supposed by some to be
of  Arabic  derivation.   A.  vulga'ris,  Common
Ladies' Mantle, Pes Leo'nis, Leontopo'dium, (F.)
Pied de Lion.  Formerly in  great repute as an
astringent in hemorrhage.
  ALCHEMY, Alchymy.
  ALCHITRAM, see Pinus Sylvestris.
  ALCHITURA, see  Pinus Sylvestris.
  ALCOHOOL, Alcohol.
  ALCHORNEA LATIFOLIA, see Alcornoque.
  AL'CIIYMY, Al'cherny,  A/chemi'a, Alchimi'a,
Adep'ta Philosoph'ia, from al,  an Arabic  par-
ticle, signifying, 'superiority,  excellence,' and
Chimin, ' Chymistry.'   This  word was  formerly
synonymous  with Chymistry; but, from the 7th
century, it has been applied to the mysterious art
of endeavouring to discover a universal remedy,
and a mode of transmuting the baser metals into
gold: an operation to which  they gave the name
Opus magnum, and Philosopher's stone.
  Alchymy has also been called  Scien'tia vel
Philosoph'ia Hermet'ica, from an idea that Her-
mes or  Mercury was its inventor.
  Harris  has well defined this  chimerical art:
'.■Irs sine  arte, cujus principium  est mentiri, me-
dium laborare, et finis mendicare.'
  Al'chymist, (Old Eng.) Alkymistre,  Flatua'-
rius, Adept'.  One pretending to alchymy.
  ALCOCALUM,  Cynara scolymus.
  AL'COHOL, Al'cahol, Alchool, Alkol, Alcol,
Al'cool, Al'kool.  An Arabic word, formerly used
for  an  impalpable powder, and signifying 'very
subtile, much divided.'   At the present day it is
applied to highly rectified spirit of wine: — see
Spiritus rectificatus or rectified spirit, distilled
from dried subcarbonate of potassa.   In the Ph.
U.  S.,  Alcohol is  rectified spirit of the specific
gravity 0.835v The Dublin college has  a spiritus
fortior, used in the preparation of certain essences,
whose specific gravity is .818.   Alcohol, absolute
alcohol, of the Edinburgh  and  Dublin  Pharma-
copoeias, is of specific gravity .797.
  Alcohol is an inflammable liquor, lighter  than
water,  of a warm, acrid taste, colourless, trans-
parent, and of a pungent,  aromatic smell.  It is
the product of the distillation of vinous liquors;
is  miscible with water  in all proportions, and is
the direct solvent of resins, balsams, Ac. Various
other vegetable principles  are  soluble in it, and
hence it is used, in different  states of concentra-
tion, in the  preparation of elixirs, tinctures,  es-
sences,  Ac
   Alcohol acts on the animal body as a powerful
 stimulus :  as such, in a dilute form,  it is used in
 the prevention and cure of disease.  Its habitual
 and inordinate use is the cause  of many serious
 affections, of a chronic character especially, as
 visceral obstructions, dropsy, Ac.
   Alcohol, absolute, see  Alcohol — a. JEthe-
 reus Ferratus, A. Sulfurico-aethereus  ferri — a.
 cum Aloe perfoliate,  Tinetura aloes — a. Am-
 moniae et guaiaci, Tinctura guaiaci ammoniata
 — a. Ammoniatutn, Spiritus ammoniae — a. Am-
 noniatum  aromaticum, Spiritus ammoniae aro-
 maticus — a.  Ammoniatum  fcetidum, Spiritus
 ammonia! foatidus — a. Amylicum, Oil,  fusel —
 a.  cum Aromatibus  sulphuricatus,  Sulphuricum
 acidum aromaticum—a. cum Aromatibus compo-
 situs,  Tinctura cinnamomi composita—a. Casto-
 riatum, Tinctura castorei—a. cum Crotone casca-
 rilla, Tinctura cascarillae—a. Dilutum, Spiritus
 tenuior—a.  Ferratus,  Tinctura  ferri  muriatis—
 a.  cum Sulphate ferri  tartarisatus, see  Ferrum
 tartarisatum—a. cum  Guaiaco officinale ammo-
 niatus, Tinctura  guaiaci  ammoniata — a.  Iodii,
 Tinctura  Iodinae — a. cum Opio, Tinctura opii
 —a. Methylic, Spiritus Pyroxylicus—a. Pyroxylic
 Spiritus  Pyroxylicus—a.  Sulphuricatum, Elixir
 acidum Halleri—a. Sulphuricum, Elixir acidum
Halleri—a. Sulphuris, Carbonis sulphuretum—a.
Vini,  Spiritus  rectificatus— a.  AVood,  Spiritus
pyroxylicus.                                .
  ALCOHOL'IC, Alcohol'icus, Spirituo sus,bptr -
ituous.  (F.) Alcoolique.  Relating to or contain-
ing alcohol—as an alcoholic drink or remedy.
  ALCOHOLISM'US, Alcoholism,  (F.),  Alc'6-
olisme.   The series of morbid phenomena pro-
duced by the use of alcoholic  liquors.
  ALCOL, Alcohol.
  ALCOLJE, Aphthae.
  ALCOL AT, Alcoolat.
  ALCOOL, Alcohol—a. Camphri, Spiritus cam-
phora?.—a. de Soufre, Carbonis sulphuretum.
  ALCOOLAT, Spirit.   It now generally signi-
fies alcohol, charged, by distillation, with the vola-
tile principles of certain substances, or a distilled
spirit,—Alcolat (Codex med. of Paris).
  ALCOOLATUM,  Tincture — a. Antiscorbuti-
cum, Tinctura de Cochleariis — a. Carminativum
Sylvii, Tinctura de Cochleariis—a. de Croco com-
positum, Tinctura de Croco composita.
  ALCOOLATURE, Teintnre avec  les plantes
fraiches.  A name given by M.  Beral to certain
preparations introduced by him, which consist of
alcohol, charged, by maceration, with the soluble
principles of fresh plants.   See Tincture.
  ALCOOLE.   A name given, in  the new French
pharmaceutical  nomenclature, to medicines re-
sulting  from  the solvent action of alcohol on
different substances, or  from its  admixture with
liquids  which unite with it in all  proportions.
See Tincture.
  ALCOOLE SUCRE, Ratafia.
  ALCOOLIQUE, Alcoholic.
  ALCOOLISER (F.) Formerly, 'to reduce into
an  impalpable powder.'   No longer used.
  ALCOOLISME, Alcoholismus.
  ALCOOLOMETER, Areometer.
  ALCOOMETER, Areometer.
  ALCORNOQUE (F.), Cortex  Alcornoco.  The
bark of  Alchor'nea latifo'lia,  of  Jamaica, which
has been considered capable  of  curing  phthisis.
It is bitter, tonic, and slightly astringent.   Dose
of  the powder ^i to ^ss.
  AL'CYON, Hal'cyon.  A swallow of Cochin
China, whose nest is gelatinous and very nutri-
tious.   It has been proposed in medicine as ana-
leptic and aphrodisiac.
   ALCYO'NIUM, Bastard sponge.   The  ashes
were formerly employed  as dentrifices :  they were
believed proper for favoring  the growth  of the
hair and beard, and were used in Alopecia.
   ALDABARAN, Albadaran.
   ALDEHYDE, see Anaesthetic.
   ALDER, AMERICAN,  Alnus serratula —a.
 Black,  Prinos, Rhamnus frangula—a. European.
 Alnus glutinosa—a. White, Clethra  alnifolia.
   ALE, Cerevisia.
   Ale,  White. A drink, used in  Devonshire,
 England,  amongst the ingredients of which are
 milk, spice, and spirit.
   ALEACAS, Glycyrrhiza.
   ALEBERR\T.  A beverage, formerly made by
 boiling  ale with  spice  and sugar,  and sops of
 bread.   It was given to invalids.—Palsgrave.
   ALECOST, Tanacetum balsamita.
    ALECTO'RIUS  LAPIS,   Aleeto'ria;   from
 aXiKTiap, ' a cock.' The name  of a stone, supposed
 to exist in the stomach  of the cock, or, according
 to others, in that  of the capon, four  years old.
 Many marvellous properties  were formerly attri-
 buted to it, which are as groundless as its exist-
 ence. There are no stones in  the stomach, except
 what have been swallowed.
    ALEGAR, Acetum.
    ALEHOOF,  Glechoma hederacea.
J    ALEIMMA, Liniment. 
ALEIPHA                4
  ALEIPITA. Liniment.
  ALEIPTE'RIUM, from  aXtttpto,  'I  anoint.'
The place in the ancient gymnasium where the
combatants anointed themselves.
  ALEIP'TRON.   Same  etymon.  A box for
containing ointments.
  ALE.MA.  Farina.
  ALEM'BIC  (Arab.), Moorshead,  Capitel'lum,
Capit'nlum,  Am'bicus, (F.)  Alambic.  A  utensil
made of glass, metal, or  earthen ware, adapted
for distillation.  A  at ill.   It consists  of a  body
or cucurbit,  (F.) cucurbite, chttudiere, to which is
attached a head or  capital, (F.)  chapiteau, and
out of this a beak descends laterally to be inserted
into the receiver, worm, condenser, or refrigera-
tor,  (F.) serpentin, refrigerant, as the case may
be.
   ALEM'BROTH .(Salt.) Sal  Alembroth.   The
alchymists  designated by  this  name,  and by
those of Sal sapien'tim, Sal artis, Sal vitas and
S. Sciential, the product resulting from the  sub-
limation of  a mixture of corrosive sublimate and
sal ammoniac.  It is stimulant, but not employed.
   ALESE  (F.), Alize,  Alaise,  Lin'teum,  from
uXtfui, ' I preserve.'  A guard.   A cloth arranged
in several folds, and placed upon a bed, so as to
guard it from the lochial or other discharges.
   ALETON, Farina.
   ALETRIS,  A. farinosa.
   Al'etris (Ph. U. S.),  A. Farino'sa seu  alba,
 Star-grass,  Starwort,  Blazing  star,   Aloe-root,
 Bitter-grass, Black  root, Unicorn root, Ague root,
 Ague grass, Colic root, Devil's bit, Mealy starwort,
 (F.) Aletris.  Nat. Ord. Asphodeleae.   Sex. Syst.
 Ilexandria  Monogynia.  This plant is an intense
 and permanent bitter, and  is used as a tonic and
 stomachic.   It is common in  the United States.
   Aletris  alba, Aletris—a. Aurea;  indigenous
 —has similar  virtues.
   ALEURON, Farina.
   ALEUROTESIS, see Cribration.
   ALEXANDERS, Smyrnium olusatrum.
   ALEXANDRI ANTIDOTUS AUREA.   See
 Alexandrinfe.
   ALEXAN'DRINE, Ernplas'trum Alexan'dri.
 A garlic plaster, invented by Alexander, contem-
 porary  of  Mesue.   Other ancient preparations
 were  called 'Alexandrine;'  as the  Alexan'dri
 antid'otus au'rea, used in apoplexy; the Collyr'-
 ium siccurn Alexandri'num, or 'Collyrium of King
 Alexander,' mentioned by Aetius.
   ALEXICACUM, Amuletum, Alexipharmic
   ALEXIPHAR'MIC, Alexiphar'macus,  Anti-
 phar'macus, Alexica'cus, Caco-alexite'ria,  Lexi-
 phar'macus, (F.) Alexipharmaque,  from aXel-eiv,
 ' to repel,'  and ipappaKov, ' poison.'   A term for-
 merly used for medicines which were considered
 proper for expelling from the body various  mor-
 bific principles, or for preventing the bad effects
 of poisons  taken inwardly.
   ALEXIPYRETICUS, Febrifuge.
   ALEXIR, Elixir.
   ALEXITE'RIA, Cacalexite'ria, from aXcl-aaSai,
 'to assist.'    Originally,  alexiterium  was  used
 synonymously with remedy.   In more modern
 times it has been applied to a class  of medicines,
 that counteract poisons  placed in contact, with
 the exterior of the  body, in contradistinction to
 alexipharmic.
   ALEXITERIUM  CHLORICUM,  see Disin-
 fection—a. Nitricum, see Disinfection.
   ALEZE, Alise.
   ALFUSA, Tutia.
   ALGA MARINA,  Pila marina.
   ALGALIC, Catheter.
   ALGALIE, Catheter.
   AL'GAROTH,   Al'garot,  Algaro'thi Pulvis,
 Pulvis Angel'icus, Ox'idum seu Submu'rias Stib'ii
ALIMENT
praicipitan'do  para'tum,  Antimo'nii Ox'ydnm,
Ox'idum antimo'nii Nitro-muriat'icnm, Ox'idum
Stib'ii Ac"ido  Muriat'ico oxygena'to para turn,
Mercu'rius Vita, Merctt'rius Mortis, Flowers of
Antimony, (F.) O.ryde d'Antimoine, so called from
Victor Algarothi, a Veronese  physician ; sepa-
rated from the terchloride of antimony by pouring
the terchloride into a large  quantity  of water.
When this, an oxychloride, is washed with abun-
dance of water to separate the  muriatic acid, and
afterwards by a solution of alkali to remove the
terchloride,  the  teroxide of antimony, Antirno-
nii Oxidum  of the  Edinburgh Pharmacopoeia  is
left.  It was formerly much used as an  emetic,
purgative, and diaphoretic.
   ALGE'DO, from aXyos, 'pain.'  Violent pain
about the neck of  the bladder, occasionally oc-
curring in gonorrhoea.—Cockburn.
   Algedon,  Pain.
   ALGEMA, Pain.
   ALGESIS, Pain.
   ALGETICUS, SeeAlgos.
   AL'GIDUS, from a/gor, 'cold.'  (F.) Algide.
That which is accompanied by coldness.
   Al'gida Febuis,  Febris horrif'ica seu hor'-
rida seu quer'quera seu  crymo'des,  Bry'cetus,
Bry'chetus.   (F.) Fievre algide, Algid Fever.  A
pernicious intermittent, accompanied by icy cold-
ness, which is often fatal in the second or third
paroxysm.
   ALGOR, Rigor.
   ALGOS,  aXyos,  'pain.'  See Pain.  Hence,
Alget'icus, 'painful,' as Epilep'sia alget'ica. The
suffix algia  has the same  signification — as  in
 Cephalalgia, Plenralgia, Neuralgia, Ac.
   ALGOSPAS'MUS',  from  aXyos,  'pain,' and
o-raapos, ' spasm.' Painful spasm or cramp of the

   ALGUE COMMUNE, Pila marina—a. Marine,
 Pila marina—a.  des Verriers,  Pila marina.
   ALHAGI, Agul.
   ALHANDAL, see Cucumis colocynthis.
   ALHASEF, Sudamina.
   ALHAUNE, Lawsonia inermis.
   ALIBILIS, Nutritious.
   AL'ICA, Hal'ica, Farina'rium, Chondrus, from
 alere, 'to nourish.'  A  grain from which the an-
 cients made their tisanes; supposed, by  some, to
 have been  the  Triticum  spelta.  At times,  it
 seems to have meant the tisane itself.
   AL'ICES, from  aXtfa,  'I  sprinkle.'   Spots
 which precede the eruption of small pox.
   ALIENATIO, Anomalia—a. Mentis, Insanity.
   ALIENATION, MENTAL, Insanity.
   ALIENATUS, Insane.
   ALIENE, Insane.
   ALIENISTE, see Psychiatria.
   ALIENUS, Delirious.
   ALIFORMES MUSCULI, Pterygoid muscles.
   ALIFORMIS, Alaris, Pterygoid.
   ALIGULUS,  Confection.
   ALIMA, Aliment.
   ALIMELLJE, Parotid.
   AL'IMENT, Alimen'tnm, Al'ima, Harma'lia,
 Nutri'men, Nu'triens, Sustentac'ulum,  Ciba'rium,
 Broma, Comis'te, Oibus, Esca,  Nutri'tus, Ntttri-
 men'tttm, Sitos,  Trophe.  (Prov.) Belly-timber.
 (F.) Aliment, Nourriture, from alere, 'to nourish.'
 Food.   Any substance which, if introduced into
 the system, is capable of nourishing it and repair-
 ing its losses.
   The study of aliments forms one of the most
 important branches of hygiene.  They  are con-
 fined to the organized  kingdom,— the mineral
 affording none.
I   As regards  the  immediate  principles which
4 
ALIMENTAL
46
ALLENTHESIS
predominate in their composition,  they have
been classed, but imperfectly, as follows:—
TABLE OF ALIMENTS.
1. Feculaceous.
< Wheat, barley, oats, rye, rice, In-
<   (linn coru,  potato, sago,  peas,
(   beans, &c.

\

s
                  Carrot, salsify.beet, turnip, aspara
2. Mucilaginous.   <  pus, cabbage, lettuce, artichoke,
                (  melon, &c.
3. Saccharine.       Sugar, fig, date, raisin, apricot. &c.
                  Orange, currant, gooseberry, cher-
I. Acidulous.      1  ry. peach, strawberry, raspberry,
                1  mulberry,  prune, pear,  apple,
                '  sorrel, &c.
<; m**n;~~...  ~„^( Cocoa, olive, sweet almond, nut,
5. Oleaginous  and)  „„,'„♦  ':„,„, fat  „:,  w.  '
Fatty.
Gelatinous.
8. Albuminous.
9. Fibrinous.
   alnut, animal fat, oil, butter,
  Ac.
Different kinds of milk, cheese.
Tendon, aponeurosis, true  skin,
  cellular texture;  very young
  animals.
Brain, nerve, eggs, &c.
Flesh and blood.
   Dr. Prouthas four great classes—the aqueous,
saccharine,  oleaginous, and albuminous : — Dr.
Pereira,  twelve — the aqueous, mucilaginous or
gummy,  saccharine,  amylaceous,  ligneous, pecti-
naceous,  acidulous, alcoholic, oily or fatty, pro-
teinaceous, gelatinous, and saline.
   Liebig divides them into two classes: — the
nitrogenized  or plastic elements of nutri-
tion, in  which he  comprises vegetable fibrin,
vegetable  albumen,  vegetable casein, flesh  and
blood; and  the non-nitrogenized elements  of
respiration, in which he comprises fat, starch,
gum, cane sugar, grape sugar, sugar of milk, pec-
tin, bassorin, wine, beer and spirits.  The former
alone, in his view, are inservient to the nutrition
of organized tissue : the latter are burnt in respi-
ration, and furnish heat.
   The following simple arrangement is, perhaps,
as little objectionable as any :—

1.  KUroqenized Aliments,    S ™rin0.us (Glutinous?)
     {Albuminous, of Prout.)) Alb,;mlnous-
                        ' f Caseinous.
                         ;  Amylaceous.
                           Saccharine.
  The second division might be still farther sim-
plified,  inasmuch as amylaceous  aliments are
convertible  into  sugar during the digestive pro-
cess; and, from both, oleaginous  matter may be
formed.
  ALIMENTAL, Nutrimental.
  ALIMENTARY, Nutrimental—a. Tube, Canal,
alimentary.
  ALIMENTATION, Alimenta'tio.   The act of
nourishing.
  ALIMENTEUX, Nutrimental.
  ALIMENTUM, Aliment, Pabulum.
  ALIMOS, Glycyrrhiza.
  ALINDE'SIS, from  aXiviopat, 'to be turned
about.'   A species  of exercise, which consisted
in rolling in the dust, after having been anointed
with oil.—Hippocrates.
  ALIPJE'NOS,  Aiipee'num, Alipan'tos, from a,
priv., and Xmaveiv,  ' to be  fat.'   An epithet for-
merly given to every external remedy, devoid of
fat or moisture: such as powders.—Galen.
  ALIPANTOS,  Alipasnos.
  ALIP'TA, Alip'tes, from  aXeiifna.  'I anoint.'
He  who  anointed  the  Athletae  after  bathing.
The place where  this was done was  called  Alip-
te'rium.
  ALIPTERIUM, see Alipta.
  ALIP'TICA, same etymon.  The part of an-
cient  medicine, which treated of inunction  as a
means of preserving health.
  ALISIER BLANC, Crataegus aria.
  ALISMA, A. plantago,  Arnica montana — a.
  Graminifolia, A. plantago—a.  Lanceolata, A.
  plantago.
    Alis'ma Planta'gO, Alisma, A.lanceola'ta seu
  graminifo'lia, Planta'go  aquat'ica, Water Plan-
  tain, (F.) Plantain d'Eau.    Ord. Alismaceaj.
  Sex. Syst. Hexaudria Polygynia.   The fresh  root
  is acrid, and the dried leaves will vesicate.   The
  leaves have been proposed as substitutes for Uva
* Ursi.
    ALITURA, Nutrition.
    AL'KALE, O'leum Galli'nce. An ancient phar-
  maceutical name for pullets' fat.
    ALKALESCENCE, Alcalescenee.
    ALKALI,  see Alcali — a. Ammoniacum caus-
  ticum, Ammonia — a. Ammoniacum spirituosum,
  Spiritus ammoniae—a. Minerale nitratum, Soda,
  nitrate  of — a.  Minerale  phosphoratum,  Soda,
  phosphate of—a. Minerale salinum,  Soda, mu-
  riate of—a. Vegetable, Potash—a. Vegetabile cum
  aceto, Potassas acetas—a.  Vegetabile fixuin caus-
 ticum, Potassa fusa — a. Volatile,  Ammonia — a.
 Volatile causticum, Ammonia—a. Volatile, con-
 crete, Ammonias carbonas—a. Volatile, mild, Am-
  monias carbonas—a. Volatile nitratum, Ammoniae
 nitras—a. Volatile tartarizatum, Ammonias tartras
 —a. Volatile  vitriolatum,  Ammonias sulphas.
   ALKANET, BASTARD, Lithospermum offici-
 nale— a. Dyer's, Anchusa tinctoria — a. Garden,
 Anchusa officinalis — a. Officinal, Anchusa offici-
 nalis.
   ALKAR, Medicament.
   ALKEKENGI, Physalis.
   ALKER'MES, Confec'tio  Alker'mes,  Alcher'-
 mes. A celebrated electuary, composed of a mul-
 titude of substances.  It was so called from the
 grains of kermes contained in it.   It was used
 as a stimulant.   Also, kermes.
   ALKERVA, see Ricinus communis.
   ALKITRAN,  Cedria.
   ALKOL, Alcohol.
   ALKOOL,  Alcohol.
   ALKYMISTRE, Alchymist.
   ALLA, Cerevisia.
   ALLAITEMENT, Lactation.
   ALLAMAN'DA,  A. Cathar'tica  seu  grartdi-
 fio'r-a, Ore'lia grandiflo'ra, Gal'arips,  Echi'nus
 scandens, Apoc"ynum scandens.  A shrub, native
 of Guiana, the infusion of whose leaves is said by
 Linnaeus to be useful in Colica  Pictonum
   ALLANTODES, Allantois.
   ALLAN'TOIC ACID, Ac"idum allanto'icum.
 A peculiar acid,  found in the liquor of the allan-
 tois of the cow.
   ALLANTOIDES,  Allantois.
   ALLAN'TOIS, AllantoVdes, Allanto'des, Mem-
 bra'na  urina'ria, M. seu  Tunica  Farcimina'lis,
 M. Intestina'lis, the Allan to id Vesicle, from aXXas,
 aXXavros, 'a sausage,' and etios,  'shape.' A sort of
 elongated bladder,between  the chorion and amnion
 of the foetus, which is thrown out from the caudal
 futrv,m,# 0flthe  embrvo,and communicates with
 the bladder by the urachus.   It is  very apparent
 in quadrupeds, but not in the human species.  As
 the allantois is developed,  its walls become very
 vascular  and  contain the ramifications of what
 become the umbilical artery and vein, which,  by
 the  elongation  of  the  allantois,  are  brought
 through  the villi of the  chorion, into indirect
 communication with  the vessels of the mother
  ALLANTOTOX'ICUM,fromaXX«f,aXXu,rof,'a
 sausage,  and  rofiKov'a poison.' Sausage poison
 (G.) Wurstgift. The Germans have given this
 name to a poison developed in  sausages formed
 of blood and liver.
  ALLECTUARY, Eleetuarium.
  ALLELUIA, Oxalis acetosella.
  ALLEN'TIIESIS, from  aXX0f. 'another,'and
 tvdeo-ts,  'introduction.'   The entrance into,  or 
ALLEVIATOR             47            ALLUS  POLLEX
presence of extraneous bodies in, the organism.—
Walther.
  ALLE'VIATOR, from no!,'to,' and levare, 'to
raise;' 'a soother.'  An instrument for raising in-
valids, invented by Mr. Jenks, of Rhode Island.
It consists of two upright  posts, about six feet
high, each supported by a pedestal; of two hori-
zontal bars at the top, rather longer than a com-
mon bedstead ; of a  windlass of the same length,
placed six inches below the upper bar;  of a cog-
wheel and handle;  of linen  belts from six to
twelve inches wide;  of straps  secured at one end
of the windlass; and  at the other  having  hooks
attached to corresponding eyes in the  linen belts,
and of a  head-piece  made  of netting.   The  pa-
tient lying on his mattress, the surgeon passes
the linen  belts beneath his body, attaching them
to the hooks on  the ends of the straps, and ad-
justing the whole  at the  proper  distance and
length, so as to balance  the  body exactly, and
then raises it from the mattress by turning the
handle of the windlass.   To  lower the patient
again, and replace him on the  mattress, the wind-
lass must be reversed.
   ALLGOOD, Chenopodium bonus Henricus.
   ALLHEAL, Heracleum  spondylium.
   ALLIA'CEOUS, Al/ia'ceus, (F.) Alliace, from
allium, 'garlic'  Belonging to garlic, as alliace-
ous odour.
   ALL!AIRE, Alliaria.
   ALLIA'RIA, from allium, its smell resembling
garlic. A. officina'lis, Erys'imum allia'ria  seu
cordifo'/ium,  Sisym'brium allia'ria,  Jack-irt-the
hedge, Stinking  hedge Mustard, Hedge Garlic,
Sauce-alone,  Hes'peris allia'ria,  (F.) Alliaire.
 Ord. Cruciferas.  This plant has been sometimes
given in  humid asthma  and dyspnoea.  It  is
reputed to be diaphoretic, diuretic, and antiscor-
butic.
   The Parisian Codex has  a compound syrup of
alliaria, Sirop d'erysimum compost:, which is used
in hoarseness.
   ALLIGATURA, Fascia, Ligature.
   ALLIOTICUS, Alterative.
   AL'LIUM,  (Ph. U. S.) from  oleo,  'I smell.'
A. sati'vum,  Theriaca rustico'rum, Ampelop'ra-
snrn, Scor'odon, Scordon, Garlic, (F.) Ail.   Ord.
Liliaeeas.  Sex. Syst. Hexandria Monogynia.   A
native of Sicily, but cultivated  for use.   The
bulbs or cloves, Ag'lithes, have a strong, offensive,
and  penetrating odour, and  a sweetish, biting,
and caustic taste. Internally,  garlic is stimulant,
diuretic, expectorant, emmenagogue (?), diapho-
retic, and anthelmintic  Externally, it is rube-
facient, maturative, and repellent; and &  garlic
ointment  is  made by digesting, at a  moderate
heat, for  half an hour, two or three cloves  of
 fresh garlic  in an ounce  of lard, and straining.
It  is  applied  as a rubefacient to the  chest in
croup.
   Dose, one  to six  cloves, swallowed  whole, or
from f-^ss to f^ij of the juice.
   Taylor's Remedy for Deafness, a nostrum, ap-
pears to  consist of  garlic, infused in oil  of al-
monds, and coloured by alkanet root.
   Allium Ascalon'icum, Echalotte.
   Allium Canaoen'se, Meadow garlic; indige-
nous ; has the same properties as allium.
   Allium Ckpa, Cepa Vu/ga'ris, Common Onion,
t'ipul'la,  Crom'myon, (F.)  Oignon.  Acrid and
ettini.biting, and possessing very little nutriment.
Onions have  been used as  stimulants, diuretics,
and anthelmintics.  The boiled or roasted onion,
as  a cataplasm, is  emollient and maturating.
The  fresh root  is rubefacient.  The  expressed
juice  is  sometimes  used in otalgia and in rheu-
matism.
   Allium Gallicum,  Portulaca — a.  Plantagi-
neuni, A. Victoriale.
  ALLIUM Porrum, Porrum, P. sati'vum, Pra-
sum, the Leek or Porret ; (F.) Poireau, I'orreatt.
It possesses the same  property as the onion.
  The virtues of the genus Allium depend upon
an acrid principle, soluble in water, alcohol, acids,
and alkalies.
  Allium Redolens, Teucrium scordium
  Allium Victoria'le, A. plantagin'enm, Cepa
victoria'lis,  Victoria1 lis longa.  The root, vi'hich,
when dried, loses its alliaceous  smell and taste,
is said to be efficacious in allaying the abdominal
spasms of pregnant women (?)
  ALLOCHET'IA, Allotriochet'ia,  from  aXXos,
'another,' and  %££ai/, 'to go to stool.'   The  di»-
charge of extraneous matters from the bowels.
The discharge of fasces by an abnormous opening.
  ALLOCHOOS, Delirious.
  ALLOCHROMA'SIA,  from  aXXos,  'another,'
and xpoipa,' colour.'   A change  of colour.
  ALLOiOPATHIA, Allopathy.
  ALLCEOPATHIC, Allopathic.
  ALLOZOS1S, Alteration.
  ALLO30TICUS, Alterative.
  ALLOIOSIS, Alteration.
  ALLOIOTICUS, Alterative.
  ALLONGEMENT, Elongation.
  ALLOPATH, Allopathist.
  ALLOPATHES, Allopathic.
  ALLOPATH'IC, Allopath'icus, Allceopath'ic,
Alloeopath'icus, A/lop'atlies, Heteropath'ic, from
aXXos, 'another,' and Kudos, 'affection.' Relating
to the ordinary method of medical practice, in
contradistinction to the homosopathic  See Allo-
pathy.
  ALLOPATHIE, Allopathy.
  ALLOP'ATHIST,  Al'lopath, same  etymon.
One who follows allopathy.
  ALLOP'ATHY, Allopathi'a, Allceopathi'a,  Hy-
penantio'sis, Hypenantio'ma, Citra'tio contr-ario'-
rumpercontra'ria,(F.) Allopathie; same etymon.
The opposite to homoeopathy; or, according to
Hahnemann, a method of  treatment  in  which
remedial  agents are  employed, the  action of
which, on  healthy  man, produces morbid phe-
nomena different from those that are  observed
in the sick person.  The ordinary medical prac-
tice is so designated by the homceopathist.
  ALLOPHASIS,  Delirium.
  ALLOTRIOCHETIA, Allochetia.
  ALLOTRIODON'TIA,  from aXXorptos,  'fo-
reign,' and oiovs, ' a tooth.'   Transplantation of
teeth.
  ALLOTRIOEC'CRISIS,  from aXXorptos,  'fo-
reign,' and  tKKptots,' 'separation.'   The separa-
tion of extraneous matters from the body in  dis-
ease.
  ALLOTRIOGEUSTIA, Parageusia.
  ALLOTRIOPHAGIA, Malacia.
  ALLOTRIOTEXTS, from aXXorptos,  'foreign,'
and  re%ts, 'parturition.'  The bringing forth of
an abnormous foetus.
  ALLOTRIU'RIA,  from  aXXorptos,  'foreign,'
and  ovpov,  'urine.'   Admixture of foreign mat-
ters with the urine.
  AL'LOTROPISM;  (F.) Allotropie, from aXXos,
'another,' and rporeos,  ' a turn or change. A term
recently introduced into chemistry, the object of
which is to express the property, possessed by
certain simple bodies, of assuming different quali-
ties on being subjected to certain modes of treat-
ment.  Carbon, for  example,  furnishes  three
forms — plumbago, charcoal, and diamond.
  ALL-OVERISH, see Indisposition.
  ALLSPICE,  see Myrtus  pimenta — a. Bush,
Laurus Benzoin — a. Carolina,  Calycanthus — a.
Wild, Laurus Benzoin.
  ALLUCINATIO, Hallucination.
  ALLURE, Influenza.
  ALLUS  POLLEX, Pollex, see Digitus. 
ALMA
48
ALTERATIVE
  ALMA. Water.
  ALM A RIAB, see Plumbi oxydum semivitreum.
  ALMEZE1UON, Cneorum tricoccum.
  ALMOND, Amygdala.
  Almond Bloom.   A liquid  cosmetic, formed
of Brazil dust  ^j,  water  Oiij ; boil and strain;
and  add isinglass ^vj> grana  sylrestria ^ij, or
cochineal ^iji alum t^j, borox  ^''j > boil again,
and  strain through  a fine  cloth.
  Almond Cakk, see Amygdala—a. of the  Ear,
Tonsil — a.  Earth,  Arachis hypogasa — a. Paste,
see Amygdala—a. Powder, see  Amygdala—a. of
the Throat,  Tonsil.
  ALNUS, A. glutinosa—a. Communis, A. gluti-
nosa.
  ALNUS GLUTINO'SA, Alnus, A commu'nis,
Bet'ula gtutino'sa seu emargina'ta, Europe'an Al-
der,  (Sc.) Am,  Eller;  Ord. Betulaceae.  A tree
which grows in Europe,  in moist places.   The
bark  and leaves are astringent and bitter; and
hence are employed in intermittents,  and  as a
tonic and astringent.
  Alnus Serrat'ula,  American Alder, has simi-
lar properties.
  Alnus Nigra, Rhamnus frangula.
  ALOCIII'A, from a,  privative, and Xoxcta, 'lo-
chia.'  Absence of  the lochial discharge.
  ALOEDA'RIUM. A compound medicine, con-
taining aloes.—Gorraeus.
  ALOE, Aloes—a. False, Agave Virginica.
  ALOE ROOT, Aletris farinosa.
  AL'OF.S, Al'oe, Fel Natu'ra.   The inspissated
juice of the Aloe.  Ord. Asphodeleas. Sex. Syst.
Hexandria Monogynia.
  Aloes Barbadknsis, A. hepatica—a. Bombay,
A. hepatica—a. des Barbades, A. hepatica.
  Aloes Caballi'na, A. Guinien'sis, Horse-aloes.
Used chiefly for horses.  It is collected in Spain
and Portugal, and is very coarse.
  ALOES EN  CALEBASSES, A. hepatica.
  Aloes, Cape, Shining Aloes; a cheap and ex-
cellent form of  aloes,  collected at the Cape  of
Good Hope, from Aloe ferox,  A. Africana,  A.
spicata, and other species.
  Aloes, East India, A.  Succotorina—a. Guini-
ensis, A. Caballina.
  Aloes Hepat'ica, A. vulga'ris, A. Barbaden'-
sis,  Hepat'ic aloes,  Bombay aloes,  Barba'does
aloes, A. vulga'ris extrac'titm, (F.) Aloes en cali-
basses, A. des Barbades.  This species has a very
disagreeable odour, and an intensely bitter  and
nauseous taste.   Properties the same as the last.
  Aloes, Horse, A. Caballina — a. Lucida,  A.
Succotorina — a. Socotrine, A.  Succotorina — a.
Spicata extractum, A. Succotorina.
  Aloes SUCCOTORI'NA, Soc'otr-ine aloes, Turkey
aloes, East India aloes, Aloes lu'cida, A. Zoctori'-
nia, A. spica'ta',  extrac'titm, An'ima Aloes, is  the
best  species.  Its odour is not unpleasant; taste
very  bitter,  and slightly  aromatic;  colour  red-
dish-brown,  with a shade  of purple; mass hard,
friable; fracture conchoidal and glossy; soluble
in dilute alcohol. Powder of a  bright cinnamon-
yellow colour.  It is cathartic, warm, and stimu-
lating; emmenagogue, anthelmintic, and stoma-
chic.  As a cathartic, it affects the rectum chiefly.
Dose, as a cathartic, gr. v to J)j in pill.
  Aloes, Turkey, A.  Succotorina—a. Vulgaris,
A. hepatica — a. Wood, Agallochum — a. Zocto-
rinia, A. Succotorina.
  ALOETTC, Aloet'icus.  A preparation which
contains aloes.
  ALOEXYLON, Agallochum.
 _ ALOGOTROPH'IA, from aXoyos, 'dispropor-
tionate,' and rpoiprj,  ' nutrition.'   Irregular nutri-
tion.   Used  particularly to designate the irregu-
lar manner  in  which the  nutrition of boncs° is
effected in rickety individuals.
   ALOPECES. Psoas.
   ALOPECIA, from aXioirvt, ' a fox;' (this ani-
 mal being said to be subject to the  affection.)
 Capillo'rum de/lu'vium, Athrix  depi'lis, I'halac-
 ro'tis,  Depila'iio,  Tricho'sis Athrix, Gangrai'ua
 Alope'cia, Atrich'ia, Dejlu'rium seu Lapsus  seu
 Flnxits Pilo'rum,  Lipsotrich'ia, Vulpis morbus,
 Pela'da,  Baldness, (F.) Pelade.  Falling off of
 the hair ; loss of the hair.   When this is confined
 to the  crown of the head, it is called calvities, al-
 though the terms are often used synonymously.
 When  congenital, it is called Atrich'ia seu Alope'-
 cia adnn'ta.   The  falling off of the hair  in  old
 age is  termed Alope'cia seni'lis.
   Alopecia Adnata,  see Alopecia—a. Areata,
 Porrigo  decalvaus — a.  Circumscripta,  Porrigo
 decalvans — a. Partialis, Porrigo decalvans — a.
 Senilis, see Alopecia.
   ALOUCHE, Crataegus aria.
   ALOUCH'I.  The name of  a gum procured
 from the canella alba tree.
   ALOUCHIER, Crataegus aria.
   ALPAM.  A shrub which grows  on  the coast
 of Malabar.  Certain parts of this, infused in  oil,
 form an antipsoric ointment.   The juice  of  the
 leaves, mixed with  that of calamus, is employed
 against the bites of serpents.
   ALPHENIC, Saccharum candidum.
   ALPHITEDON, see Fracture.
   ALPH'ITON, aXiptTov, Polen'ta, Fari'na. Any
 kind of meal.   Toasted barley-meal.—Hippocra-
 tes.  Polenta means, also, a food composed of In-
 dian meal, cheese, Ac.  See Farina.
   ALPIION'SIN, Alphon'sinum.  A kind of bul-
 let forceps, similar to a Porte-crayon,  so-called
 from the  inventor, Alphonso Ferri,  of Naples.—
 Scultetus.
  ALPHOS, Lepra alphoides.
  ALPHOSIS JETHIOPICA, see Albino.
  ALPINIA CARDAMOMUM, Amomum car-
 damomum —a. Exaltata,  Renealmia exaltata —
 a. Tubulata,  Renealmia exaltata — a.  Galanga,
 Maranta galanga.
   ALPISTE, Phalaris Canadiensis.
   ALSANDERS, Smyrnium olusatrnm.
  ALSI'NE ME'DIA, A. avicula'rum seu vulga'-
 ris, from aXoos, 'a grove,' because growing abun-
 dantly in the woods. [ ? ] Morsus Galli'nat, Holos'-
 teum Alsi'ne, Stella'ria me'dia, Mouse-ear, Chick-
 weed, Chickenwor-t, (F.) Mouron des Oiseaux, Mor-
geliue. Ord. Caryophyllaceae. This plant, if boiled
 tender, may be eaten like spinach, and forms an
 excellent  emollient poultice.    It was  formerly
 regarded as a vulnerary and detergent.
  ALTAFOR, Camphor.
  ALTER SEXUS, Sex, female.
  ALTERANS, Alterative.
  ALTERANT, Alterative; see, also, Alteration.
  ALTERATION, Altera'tio, from alter, 'other,'
 Alloio'sis, Allceo'sis. This word is used in France
 to express any change which supervenes ; for ex-
 ample, in the expression of the  countenance (al-
 teration  de la  face,) or in the  structure  of an
 organ  (alteration organique,) or in the nature of
 fluids excreted  (alteration de  Vurine, des larmes,
 du lait, &c.)
   Alteration Is also used in an  entirely  different
 sense,  to  express intense thirst in  disease.   In
 this  case  its etymology is  different.   It  comes
 from haleter, and  was formerly written haleter-
 ation.
   AL'TERATIVE. Al'terans, Alloiot'icus, Alleg-
 ations  Alliot'icus,  Immu'tans.   An agent con-
 sidered to be  capable  of producing a  salutary
 change in a disease, but without  excitin- any
 sensible evacuation.  As medicine improves, this
 uncertain class of remedies becomes, of necessity,
 diminished in  number.  See Eutrophie
   (F.)  Alterant.   The  French term   likewise 
ALTERCANGENON          49                 ALVEUS
means,  that which causes thirst, — Siticulo'sus,
Dipscl'icits, as altSrer means both to change, and
to cause thirst.   S'alterer is to  experience  a
change  for the  worse,—(corrum'pi.)
  ALTERCANGENON, Hyoscyamus.
  ALTERCUM, Hyoscyamus.
  ALTERED, see Castratus.
  ALTI1 JE'A, from aXduv, ' to heal;' A. officina'-
lis,  Malvavis'cum,  Aristaltha'a, Hibis'cus, Hi-
bis'cum, Ibis'chus, Ibis'cha mismal'va, Bismal'va,
Marsh  mallow.   (Prov.)  Malice.  (F.)  Gtti-
mauve.  Ord. Malvaceae.  Sex. Syst.  Monadelphia
Polyandria.   Tho  leaves,  Altha'a fo'lia, and
root, Althai'm  radix, contain  much  mucilage.
They are  emollient and  demulcent, and are em-
ployed  wherever medicines, possessing such pro-
perties, are required.  In the Ph. U. S., Althaea
is the root of Althaea officinalis.
   ALTHANAIHA, Orpiment.
   ALTHEUS, Physician.
   ALTHAXIS, Curation.
   ALTIIOS, Medicament.
   ALTILIBAT, Terebinthina.
   ALU'DEL,  Alu'tel, Vitrum sublimato'rium.  A
 hollow sphere of stone, glass, or  earthen ware,
 with a short  neck  projecting at  each  end,  by
 means  of which one glass might be set upon the
 other.  The uppermost  had  no aperture at the
 top. Aludels  were formerly used in the sublima-
 tion of various substances.
   A'LULA, diminutive of ala, 'a wing.'  A little
 wing.
   ALUM, Symphytum—a. Cataplasm, Coagulum
 aluminosum—a. Egyptian, JEgyptia stypteria.
   Alum, Roche, Alu'men de Rochi, (F.) Alun de
 Roche.  So  called from  Roccha in Syria, where
 there was a manufactory of it.  It is in pieces of
 the size of an almond, covered with a  reddish
 efflorescence.
   Common Roche Alum, A. Rochi Gallis.  Frag-
 ments  of  common  alum moistened and shaken
 with prepared bole.  It is white when broken.
   Alum Root, Geranium maculatum, Heuchera
 cortusa.
   Alum,  Solution of, Compound, Liquor alumi-
 nis  compositus.
   Alum Springs of Virginia, see Virginia, mine-
 ral  waters of.
   ALU'MEN,  (an  Arabic term,  alum,)  Alum,
 HypersuUphas  alu'mina et  Potas'sa,  Potas'sa
 alu'mi no-sulphas, Sul'phas Alumina',  Acid'ulits
 cum Potas'sd, Sulphas Alu'mina, Sul'phas KaV-
 ico-alumin'icum, Sulphas alumina'ris, Supersul'-
 phas alu'mina et potas'sa, Argil'la sulphu'rica
 alcalisa'ta, A. vitriola'ta, Stypte'ria, Sulpersul'-
 phas Argil'la alcalisa'tum, Argilla Kalisulphu-
 rica.   (F.) Alun.
   Alumen Catinum, Potash  of commerce — a.
 Fixum, see  Potash — a. Kinosatum, Pulvis sul-
 phatis alurainae compositus.
   Alu'men  Commu'ne,  Common  alum,  English
 alum, Rock alum, Alumen facW'tium, A. crystal'-
 linum, A. ru'peum, (F.)  Alun d'Angleterre, is the
 variety usually employed.   It  is in  octahedral
 crystals, but generally in large, white, semitrans-
 parent masses; has  a  sweetish,  styptic taste:
 effloresces in the air, and is soluble in 16 parts of
 water  at 60°.   It is tonic and astringent, and  as
 such is used internally and externally.  Dose, gr.
 v to xv.
   Alu'men  Exsicca'tum, Alu'men  ustum seu
 sicca'tum sen calcina'tum, Sulphas alu'mina fusus,
 Argil'la sulphu'rica usta, Burnt alum, dried alum.
 (F.) Alun calcine", (Alum melted  in an  earthen
 vessel  until ebullition ceases.)  Escharotic.
   Alu'men  Roma'num. Roman  alum, A. Ru'ti-
 lum seu Rubrum. (F.) Alun  de Rome.   In crys-
 tals which are of a pale red when broken, and
 covered with a reddish efflorescence.
  Alumen Siccatum, Alumen exsiccatum.
  ALUMINA,  ACETATE OF, Aluminas Acetns
— a. Depurata, Argilla  pura — a. Pura,  Argilla
pura—a. Sulphate of, Aluminas  Sulphas.
  ALU'MINJE ACE'TAS,Argil'!aAce'tas,Ac"e-
tate of Alu'mina.  A delinquescent salt, obtained
by the addition of acetate of lead to sulphate of
alumina and potassa.  It possesses the same pro-
perties as the sulphate of alumina.
  Alu'mina:  et Potassae Hvpersulphas, Alu-
men— a. et Potassae supersulphas, Alumen — a.
Sulphas, Alumen.
  Alu'mina Sulphas, Argilla Sulphas, Sulphate
of Alu'mina.  Simple sulphate of alumina may
be made by  the direct  combination of alumina
and sulphuric acid, and contains 30 per cent  of
the former, to 70 per cent, of  the latter.  It is
a deliquescent  salt; and is an excellent antisep-
tic and  detergent to ulcers.  It is chiefly used to
preserve dead bodies—a strong solution being
injected into the arteries.
   Gannal's Solution for preserving  animal sub-
stances  is made by dissolving an ounce of acetate
of alumina in twenty ounces of water.
   Alumina Sulphas  Aciduliis cum  Potassa,
Alumen—a. Sulphas fusus, Alumen exsiccatum.
   ALUMINE FACTICE, Argilla pura.
   ALUM1NII  OXIDUM, Argilla pura.
   ALUN, Alumen.
   ALUNSEL,  Gutta.
   ALUS, Symphytum.
   ALUSIA, Hallucination—a. Hypochondriasis,
Hypochondriasis.
   ALUTEk, Aludel.
   ALVAQUILLA,  Psoralea glandulosa.
   ALVARAS NIGRA,  Ichthyosis.
   ALVEARIUM,  Auditory canal, external.
   ALVE'OLAR, Alveola'ris, from alveits, 'a  ca-
vity.'   (F.) Alviolaire.    That which relates to
the alveoli.
   Alveolar Abscess, Parulis.
   Alve'olar Arches,  (F.) Arcades alveolaires,
are formed by the margins or borders, Juga alveo-
la'ria, of the two jaws, which are hollowed by  the
Alveoli.
   Alve'olar Artery,  Supra-maxillary A., Ar-
tlre sus-maxillaire  of Chaussier, arises  from  the
internal maxillary, descends behind the tuberos-
ity of the upper jaw, and gives branches to  the
upper molar teeth, gums, periosteum, membrane
of the maxillary sinus, and buccinator  muscle.
   Alveolar Border, Limbus  alveola'ris. The
part of the jaws that is  hollowed by the alveoli.
   Alve'olar  Membranes  are very fine mem-
branes, situate  between  the teeth and alveoli, and
formed by a portion of the sac or follicle which
enclosed the tooth before it pierced the gum.  By
some this membrane has been called the aloeolo-
dental periosteum.
   Alve'olar Vein.  This has a similar distri-
bution  with the artery.
   ALVEOLE, Alveolus.
   ALVEOLI DENTIS, see Alveolus.
   ALVEOLO-DENTAL  PERIOSTEUM,  see
Alveolar membranes.
   ALVEOLO-LABIAL, Buccinator.
   ALVE'OLUS, same  etymon.  Bo'trion, Bo'-
thrion,   Odontoboth'rium,  Odoutophat'ne, Frena
(Alve'oli), Mortariolum, Hol'micos, Prasepiolurn,
 Phatne, Phat'nion, Prase'pium,  Patne,  Pathne.
(F.) Alveole.  The  alveoli are  the sockets of the
teeth, Alve'oli dentis, Moe'nia seu  Caver'nae den'-
tf'um, into which  they  are, as it were, driven.
Their size and  shape are determined by the teeth
which they receive, and they are pierced at  the
apex by small holes, which give passage to  the
dental  vessels and nerves.
   ALA'EUS, Auge — a. Ampullosus, Receptacu-
lum chyli — a. Ampullesceus, Thoracic dvrct — a. 
ALVI  EXCRETIO            50              AMBLYOPIA
Communis:  see Semicircular canals — a. Utricu-
losus :  see Semicircular canals.
  ALVI EXCRETIO,  Defecation — a. Fluxus
aquosus, Diarrhoea — a. Laxitas,  Diarrhoea — a.
Profluvium,  Diarrhoea.
  ALVIDUCUS, Laxative.
  ALVINE, Alci'nus, from alvus, 'the abdomen.'
That which  relates to the lower belly, as  alvine
dejections, alrine flux, alvine obstructions, Ac.
  ALVUM  EVACUANS, Cathartic.
  ALVUS,  Abdomen,  Uterus—a.  Adstricta seu
Astricta, Constipation — a. Cita,  Diarrhoea — a.
Dura,  Constipatio — a.  Renum,  Pelvis of  the
kidney—a. Tarda, Constipation—a. Viridis,  De-
jection.
  ALYCE, Anxiety.
  A LYMPH'I A, from  a, priv., and lympha,
'lymph.'  Want of lymph.
  AL'YPON, from a, priv., and Xvrrn, 'pain.'  An
acrid,  purging plant, described by  Matthiolus.
By some it has been supposed to be the Globula'-
ria alypnm of botanists.
  ALYSIS,  Anxiety.
  ALYSMUS, Anxiety.
  ALYSSUM PLINII, Galium mollugo.
  ALYSSUS, Antihydrophobic
  ALYX'IA STELLA'TA, A.  aromat'ica,  (F.)
Alyxie  aromatique.  A   plant,  of  the  family
Apoeynaceas, the bark of which resembles canella
alba, and is  used in Batavia in pernicious fevers.
  AL'ZILAT.  In  some of the Arabian writers,
a weight of  three grains.—Ruland and Johnson.
  AMABILE, Lacuna Labii Superioris.
  AMADOU, Boletus igniarius.
  AMADOUYIER, Boletus igniarius.
  AMAIGRIR, Emaciate.
  A MA IGRISSEMENT,  Em aciation.
  AMAND   (SAINT),  MINERAL WATERS
OF, Saint-Amaitd-les-Eaux.  These  springs, in
the  department Nord, France, are thermal (77°
Fahr.), carbonated chalybeates ;  and are much
used internally,  or in  the form  of  boues, in
chronic affections  of  the  digestive organs  and
liver, and in rheumatism.
  AMANDES, see Amygdala.
  AMANI'TJE,  from  a,  privative,  and  pavta,
'madness:'  i. e.  'not  poisonous.' (?)  A  name
given,  by the Greeks and  Romans, to the  edible
champignons.  Amanita forms, at the present day,
a genus, some of which are edible, others poison-
ous.  Amongst others, it  contains the Agaricus
aurantiacus  and A. pseudo-aurantiacus.
  AMARA  DULCIS, Solanum  dulcamara.
  AMARACI'NUM.  An  ancient and  esteemed
plaster, containing several aromatics, the marjo-
ram, apapaKos, in particular.
  AMA11ACUS, Origanum majorana—a. Tomen-
tosus, Origanum dictamnus.
  AMARITIES.  Bitterness.
  AMARITUDO,  Bitterness.
  AMAROR, Bitterness.
  AMARUCACHU, Polyanthes tuberosa.
  AMA'RUS, Picros, 'bitter.'  (F.) Amer.   The
bitter principle of vegetables is the great natural
tonic, and hence bitters, as they are  termed  col-
rectively, belong to the class of tonics.  Several
are  used in  medicine;  the chief are, gentian,
quassia, cinchona, calumba, dog-wood,  Ac.
  AMASE'SIS, Amasse'sis, from a, privative, and
paanon, 'mastication.'  Mastication when  im-
peded  or impracticable.
  AMATORIUM, Lacuna labii superioris.
  AMATORII, Oblique muscles of the eye.
  AMATORIUM  VENEFICIUM.  Philter.
  AMATORIUS MUSCULUS, Obliquus supe-
rior oculi.
  AMAURO'SIS, Obfusca'tio,  Offusca'tio, from
apnvpos,  'obscure,' Drop  serene,  Gutta sere'no,
Cataruc'ta nigra, Paruj/sis amauro'sis, ImmobiV-
 Has pupil'la,  Suffu'sio nigra,  Black  cat araet,
 Nervous blindness, (F.) Goutte-sereine,  Cataracte
 noire, Anopticonervie  (Piorry).  Diminution, or
 complete loss  of sight,  without any perceptible
 alteration  in the organization of the eye; gene-
 rally, perhaps, owing  to  loss  of  power of the
 optic nerve or  retina— Optic anasthe'sia.  Coun-
 ter-irritants  are the  most  successful   remedial
 agents, although the disease is always  very diffi.
 cult of removal, and generally  totally  incurable.
   Amaurosis Dimidiata, Heniiopia—a. Diurnal,
 Nyctalopia—a. Nocturnal,  Hemeralopia—a. Im-
 perfecta, Hypo-amaurosis.
   AMAUROT'IC, Amaurot'icus, (F.)   Amauro-
 tique ;  same etymon.   Affected with amaurosis.
   Amaurotic  Cat's  Eye,  Galeamauro'sis.  A
 name given by Beer  to an amaurotic affection,
 accompanied by a remarkable  change  of colour
 in  the  pupil, which presents, apparently in the
 fundus of the eye, a lighter  tint,  yellowish or
 brownish  yellow,  instead  of  its  natural  clear
 black.
   AMA'ZIA, from a, privative, and uafys, 'breast.'
 A monstrosity, in which there is absence of one
 or  both breasts.
   AMBARUM, Ambergris — a. Cineritium, Am-
 bergris.
   AMBE, from apf3aivur, 'I ascend;'  Ambi.  A
 superficial eminence on  a bone.  Also, an old
 surgical machine for reducing dislocations of the
 shoulder;  the  invention of which  is ascribed to
 Hippocrates.   It  is no  longer used.  — Hippo-
 crates,  Scultetus.   See Crista.
   AMBER,  Succinum — a. Liquid :  see Liquid-
 amber  styraciflua.
   AM'BERGRIS, 'gray amber,' Ambor, Ambar,
 Arnbra gri'sea seu cinera'cea  seu  ambrosiaea,
 Ambarum,  Suc'cinum  cine'reum seu  gri'seum,
 Am'barum  cineri"tium.  A  concrete  substance,
 of  the  consistence of wax, cineritious colour,
 studded with yellow and blackish spots, and ex-
 haling  a very  pleasant odour.   It seems highly
 probable that  ambergris is  formed in  the intes-
 tines of the  whale, and voided with its excre-
 ment.  Like all aromatic  substances,  ambergris
 is slightly anti-spasmodic and excitant; but it is
 oftener employed as a perfume than as a medi-
 cine.
   AMBIA.  A liquid, yellow bitumen, the smell
 and virtues of  which are similar to those of the
 resin tacamahaca.   It is obtained from a spring
 in  India.
   AMBICUS,  Alembic.
   AMBIDEX'TER, Amphidex'ius,  from  umbo,
 'both,' and dexter,  'right.'  One who  uses both
 hands with equal  facility.   Celsus says the sur-
 geon ought to  be  'non minus sinistra quam dex-
 trd promptus.'  One of the aphorisms  of Hippo-
 crates  says, that a woman  is never  ambidexter.
 This is a mistake.
   AMBILJEVUS, Ampharisteros.
   AMBIOPIA, Diplopia,
   AMBITUS  GENITALIS MULIEBR1S, Ves-
 tibuluru.
   AMBLOMA, Abortion.
   AMBLOSIS, Abortion.
   AMBLOSMUS,  Abortion.
   AMBLOTHRIDION, see Abortion.
   AMBLOTHRIDIUM, Abortive.
   AMBLOTICUS, Abortive.
   AMBLUS, anQXvs, 'obscure.'  Hence,
   AMBLYAPH'IAr from  auPXvs, 'obscure,'and
 'attrv' 'feeling.'  Dulness of the sense of touch.
   AMBLYOGMOS, Amblyopia.
   AMBLYO'PIA, from  arfXvs,  'obscure,' and
 wip, ' the eye.'  Arnblyos'mos, Amblyog'mos, Amph-
 o'pio (so  called by some, according to Ca«telli,
: ob irjnor-autiam Graca lingua), Hebetu'do visits, 
AMBLYOSMOS             51                  AMMI
Feebleness of sight, (F.) Amblyopic, Vue faible.
First degree of Amaurosis.—Hippocrates.
  Amblyopia Crepuscularis, Hemeralopia—a.
Dissitoruin,  Myopia—a. Meridiana, Nyctalopia—
a. Proximorutn, Presbytia.
  AMBLYOSMOS, Amblyopia.
  AMBOLICUS, Abortive.
  AMBON, ap/Jurv, 'the raised rim of a shield or
dish,' from apr3aii>u>, 'I ascend.'  The fibro-carti-
laginous rings or bourrelets, which surround the
articular cavities, as the glenoid cavity of the
scapula, the acetabulum, Ac, have been so called
—Galen.  See Crista.
  AMBOR, Ambergris.
  AM BRA, Succinum — a. Ambrosiaca, Amber-
gris—a. Cineracea, Ambergris.
  AMBRAGRISEA, Ambergris.
  AMBRE  BLANC,  Succinum  (album) —a.
Jaune,  Succinum.
  AMBRETTE, Hibiscus abelmoschus.
   AMBRINA AMBROSIOIDES, Chenopodium
ambrosioides — a. Anthelmintica,  Chenopodium
anthelminticutn—a. Botrys, Chenopodium botrys.
   AMBROISIE DUMEXIQUE, Chenopodium
ambrosioides.
   AMBRO'SIA, from  a, privative,  and  Pporos,
'mortal.'  Food which  makes  immortal,  or  the
food  of immortals.  Food of the  gods — Homer.
 See also, Chenopodium botrys.
   Ambrosia Elatior, see A. Trifida.
   Ambrosia  Marit'ima, Ord.  Composites.   A
plant which grows  on  the shores of the Levant,
 and has a pleasant, bitter and aromatic taste.   It
 is given in infusion, as a tonic and antispasmodic.
   Ambrosia   Trif'ida,  Horseweed,  Richweed,
 Horsemiut,  Horsecane, Bitterweed, Great or Tall
 Ragweed, Wild Hemp.   This indigenous plant is
 found  in low  grounds  and  along streams, from
 Canada to Georgia, and  west  to  Louisiana and
 Arkansas.  It is  an annual, and flowers  in Au-
 gust  and September.  An infusion has been re-
 commended locally in mercurial salivation.
   Ambrosia Elatior, Ragweed,  is said  by Dr. 11.
 E. Griffith to have much more developed sensible
 properties.
   AMliROSIE DU MEXIQUE, Chenopodium
 ambrosioides.
   AMBULANCE (F.), from ambulare, 'to walk.'
 A  military hospital attached to an  army, and
 moving along with it.   Also called Hopital am-
 bulant.
   AMBULATIO, Walking.
   AM'BULATORY,  Am'bulans,  Ambulations,
 Am'bulaticc, (F.) Ambulant.  A morbid affection
 is  said to be  'ambulatory,' (F.) ambulant, when
 it skips from one part to another; as Erisypeles
 itmbulants,  Ac  When blisters  are applied suc-
 cessively on different parts of the body, they are
 called  VSsicatoires  ambulants.
   AMBULEIA, Cichorium intybus.
    AM'BULI.  The Brachmanic name for an In-
 dian aquatic  herb, which appears to  belong to
 the family  Lysimachia.  The whole plant has a
 sweet  smell.  Its decoction has a very  bitter
 taste, and is an excellent febrifuge.   It is also
 taken in milk in cases of vertigo.
   AM'BULO  FLATULEN'TUS  ET  FURIO'-
 SUS,  Flatus  furio'sus,  Yare'ni.* Painful, mo-
 bile, and  periodical tumours affecting different
 parts, which  were once  considered as the effect
 of very subtile vapours — Michaelis.   Their na-
 ture  is by no means clear.
   AMBUSTIO, Burn.
   AMBUTUA. Pareira brava.
   AM BUYA-EMBO.  A very beautiful, creeping
 aristolochia of Brazil, the decoction of which is
 exhibited successfully in obstructions.   It is aUo
 used in fumigation  and iu baths as a tonic.
   AME, Aniuia.
  AMELI.  A Malabar shrub,  belonging to a
genus unknown.   The decoction of its leaves is
said  to relieve colic.   Its roots, boiled in oil,  are
used to repel tumours.
  AMELIA, Apathy.
  AMENIA, Amenorrhcea, Emmenagogues.
  AMENOMA'NIA.   A  hybrid word,  formed
from the  Latin amo?,nus, 'agreeable,' and pavia,
'mania.'  A gay form of insanity.
  AMENORRHCE'A, Paramenia obstructio'nis,
Menocryph'ia, Menosta'sia, Apophrax'is,Arrhoe'a,
Defec'tus seu  Reman'sio seu  Cessa'tio men'sium,
Menstrua'tio  impedi'ta,  Ischome'nia, Ame'nia,
Ametroha'mia, from a, privative, priv, 'a month,'
and  pear, 'I flow.'  Suppression of the menses, (F.)
Suppression du flux menstruel.  This suppression
is most commonly symptomatic, and hence  the
chief attention must be paid to the  cause.  Usu-
ally, there is an atonic state of the  system gene-
rally, and hence chalybeates and other tonics are
advisable.
   Two  great varieties of Amenorrhcea are com-
monly reckoned.  1. A. Emansio'nis, Eman'sio
men'sium, Menis'chests, Menos'diesis, Menstrua'tio
reteri'ta, Men'sium reten'tio, Retention of the men-
ses,  when the menses do not  appear at the usual
age: and, 2.  Suppres'sio Men'sium  seu  Mcnstru-
atio'nis, Amenorrhea'a Snppressio'nis,  Interrup'tio
menstruatio'uis, Menstrua'tio suppres'sa, in which
the  catamenia are  obstructed in  their regular
periods of recurrence.  See  Emansio Mensiuui,
and Menses.
   Amenorrhcea  Difficilis, Dysmenorrhosa—a.
 Emansionis, see Amenorrhcea—a. Hymenica, see
 Hymenicus — a.  Partialis,  Dysmenorrhosa — a.
 Suppressionis, see Amenorrhcea.
   AMENTIA, Dementia : see, also, Fatuitas, and
 Idiotism—a. Senilis,  Dementia of the aged.
   AMER,  Amarus — a.  de  Boeuf,  Bile  of  tho
 ox.
   AMERICAN, see Homo.
   AMERICANUM TUBEROSUM, Solanum tu-
 berosum.
   AMERTUME, Bitterness.
   AM'ETHYST, Amethys'tus, from a, privative,
 and piQvot, 'I am drunk.'  A precious stone, to
 which  the ancients  attributed  the property of
 preventing drunkenness.   It was also used as an
 anti-diarrhosic and  absorbent.—Pliny, Albertus
 Magnus.
   AMETH'YSUM,  Amethys'tum,  (remedium.)
 Same  etymon as the last. A remedy for drunk-
 enness.
   AMETRIA, Intemperance, from a, privative,
 and perpov, 'measure'  Also, absence  of  the
 uterus : from a, privative, and prjrpa,  'the uterus.'
   AMETROHJEMIA, Amenorrhcea.
   AMIAN'THUM MUSCJETOX'ICUM, (autav-
 tos, 'pure,'  and av$os, 'a flower,') Melan'thium
 muscatox'icum, Helo'nias erythrosperm'n.  Fly-
 poison,  Full-poison, indigenous.  Ord.  Melan-
 thaceas.  A narcotic poison, not used, however.
   AMICULUM, Amnios.
   AMIDOLIQUE,  from amidum, 'starch.'  Ap-
 pertaining or belonging  to  starch.  M. Beral
 calls medicaments amrdoliques those, which  owe
 their general properties to starch.
   AMIDON,  Auiylum — a.  Iodure d',  Starch,
 Iodide, of.
   AMIDONNIERE, Ammi maculatum.
   AMIDUM, Amylum.
   AMINJEA, Anime.
   AMINJETM VINUM, Amine'an wine, highly
 esteemed as a stomachic  Virgil distinguishes it
 from the Falernian.—Pliny,  Macrobius, &o.
   AM MA, Truss.
   AMMI,  Ammi majus seu  cicutafo'lium  seu
 vulga're  seu Bulber', Aiu'mios murica'ta, A'jiium 
AMMION                 5
rtmmi,  Bishop's  weed.   The seeds of this  plant
are aromatic  and pungent.  They are said to be
carminative and diuretic, and are tonic and sto-
machic
  Ammi Bolberi, Ammi — a.  des Boutiques, see
Sison ammi—a. Cicutasfolium, Ammi—a. Majus,
Ammi—a. Verum, see  Sison ammi—a. Vulgare,
Ammi.
  AMMION, Hydrargyri sulphuretum rubrum.
  AMMIOS MURICATA,  Ammi.
  AMMISMUS, Psammismus.
  AMMOCIIO'SIA,  Ammocho'sis,  from  appos,
' sand,' and X€u>>  ' ^  P°ur-'  Ar-ena'tio.  Putting
the human  body  in hot  sand, for the cure  of
disease.
  AM.MO'NIA,  Ammo'nia  or  Ammoni'acal gas,
Volatile al'kuli, Al'cali ammoni'acum carts' ticum,
A. volat'ile caus'ticum, Ammo'nia caus'tica  seu
pura, Ammoni'acum, A. caus'ticum,  Gas ammo-
niaca'le, Mephi'tis urino'sa, (F.)  Ammoniaque,
Air alcalin, Gaz ammoniacal. An alcali, so called,
because obtained principally by decomposing sal
ammoniac (muriate of ammonia) by lime.   This
gas is  colourless, transparent, elastic, of a pun-
gent, characteristic odour, and  an  acrid, urinous
taste.  It turns the  syrup of  violets green, and
its  specific  gravity  is 0*596.   When inhaled,
largely diluted with common air, it is a powerful
irritant.   When  unmixed, it  instantly induces
suffocation.
  Ammonia, Acetate  of,  Solution  of, Liquor
ammonias acetatis—a.  Arseniate of, Arseniate of
ammonia—a. Benzoate of, Ammoniae  benzoas—
a.  Bicarbonate of, see Ammonias  carbonas — a.
Caustica liquida, Liquor ammonias — a. Chloro-
hydrate of, Ammonias  murias—a. Citrate of, Am-
moniae citras—a. Hydriodate of, Ammonium,  io-
dide of—a. Hydrochlorate  of, Ammoniae murias
—a. Hydrosujphuretof, Ammonias sulphuretum—
a.  Iodide of, see Iodine—a. Liniment of, strong,
Linimentum ammonias fortius—a. Liquid, Liquor
Ammonias—a. Muriatica, Ammoniae  murias — a.
Nitrata, Ammonias nitras—a. Phosphate of, Am-
monias phosphas—a. Prasparata, Ammonias car-
bonas— a. Pura  liquida, Liquor ammonias — a.
Solution of, Liquor  ammonias — a.  Solution  of,
stronger, Liquor  ammoniae fortior — a. Tartrate
of, Ammonias tartras.
  AMMO'NIAC, GUM, Ammoni'acum (Ph.  U.
S.), Gum'mi Ammoni'acum, Arrnoni'acum, Mato'-
riitin, (F.) Ammoniac, Gomme  ammoniaque,  so
called  from  Ammonia in  Lybia, whence  it is
brought.   A  gum-resin, the  concrete juice  of
Dore'rna ammoni'acum, of  Persia : a species of a
genus  allied  to Ferula; and also the  gum-resin
of Fer'ula tingita'na.  The latter  is  the ammo-
niacum of commerce.  It is  in irregular,  dry
masses  and  tears,  yellow externally, whitish
within.  Its  odour is  peculiar, and not ungrate-
ful : taste nauseous, sweet,  and bitter.  It forms a
white emulsion with water: is  soluble in vinegar;
partially so in alcohol, ether, and solutions of the
alcalies.
   Gum ammoniacum  is expectorant, deobstru-
ent(?),  antispasmodic, discutient, and resolvent.
It is chiefly used, however, in the  first capacity,
and in the formation of certain plasters.
   Two  varieties are  met with in  the  market,
Gutta ammoni'aci, the best; and Lapis ammoni'-
aei, the more impure.
   AMMONIACJE NITRAS, Ammoniae nitras—
a. Sulphas, Ammonias sulphas.
   AMMONIACUM, Ammonia, Ammoniac gum
 —a. Hydrochloratum ferratum, Ferrum ammoni-
atum—a. Succinatum,  Spiritus ammoniae fostidus
—a. Arolatile mite, Ammonias  carbonas.
   AMMONTJE ACETAS, Liquor  ammonias ace-
tatis—a. Arsenias, Arseniate of Ammonia.
AMMONIJE  ACETAS
  Ammoni.e  Bf.n'zoas, Ben'zoate  of Ammonia.
A salt formed by the union of benzoic acid and
ammonia, which has  been prescribed for the re-
moval of gouty depositions  of urate  of soda hi
the joints.   It is regarded as a good diuretic.
  Ammonia  Bicar'bonas, Bicurb'onate of Am-
mo'nia, is officinal in  the Dublin  Pharmacopoeia.
It has the same properties  as the next, and is
more  palatable.  Dose, six to twenty-four grains,
  Ammonia Car'bonas, A. Sttbcar'bonas seu Ses-
quicar'bonas, Salt of  bones, Sal Os'sium, Sal Fn-
lig"inis,  Salt of wood-soot, Salt of urine, Volatile
Sal Ammoniac, Baker's  salt, Al'cali  volat'ile
aera'titm, A. volat'ile arrimoniaca'le, A. volat'ile
ex sale arnrnoni'aco, Ammoni'acum  volat'ile miti,
Ammo'nium carbon'icum seu subcarbo'neitm, Car-
bonas ammo'nia alkali'nus seu incomple'tus seu
super-ammoni'acus, Hypocar'bonasltmmo'rtia, Flu-
res salis ammoni'aci, Sal cornu cervi volat'ile, Sal
volat' His salis ammoni'aci, Concrete ormild volatile
alkali, Carbonate  or  Subcarbonate of ammonia,
Ammo'nia prapara'ta, Sal volat'ile, Smelling salt,
(F.)  Carbonate d'ammoniaque, Sel volatil d'An-
gleterre,  (Amnion, muriat. fbj ;  Creta Ibiss. Sub-
lime— Ph. U. S.)  A white, striated, crystalline
mass; odour and taste pungent and ammoniacal:
soluble in two parts of water : insoluble in  alco-
hol :  effloresces in the air.  It is stimulant, ant-
acid,  diaphoretic, and antispasmodic   Dose, gr.
v to xv.
  Carbonate of ammonia is at times used to form
effervescing draughts.  One scruple saturates six
fluidrachms of lemon juice, twenty-six grains of
crystallized tartaric acid, and twenty-six grains
of crystallized citric acid.
  Carbonate of ammonia is the usual  smelling
salts.  When  a few  drops of Liquor Ammonia?
fortior are added to  it coarsely  powdered, and
some  volatile oil, it forms Preston Salts.
  Ammonite Citras, Citrate of Ammo'nia.  Made
by saturating lemon  or lime juice, or a solution
of citric acid, with carbonate of ammonia.  Dose,
f 3jss.  It may be made extemporaneously, and
taken in  an effervescing state.  Seventeen grains
of citric acid, or half  a fluidounce of lemon juice,
will be sufficient for thirteen grains of carbonate
of ammonia.
  Ammonite Cupro-sulphas, Cuprum ammonia-
turn.
  Ammonia  et Ferri Murias,  Ferrum ammo-
niatum—a. Ferro-citras, Ferri  ammonio-citras—
a. Hydriodas, Ammonium, iodide  of—a. Hydro-
chloras,  Ammonias murias — a. Hydrosulphure-
turn,  Liquor fumans  Boylii — a. Hypocarbonas,
Ammonias Carbonas.
  Ammonia  Mu'rias (Ph. U. S.), Mu'riate 01
Chlorohydrate  of Ammo'nia,  Hydrochlo'rate oj
Ammo'nia, Chlorohydrate of Ammo'nia (Ph. t".
S.),   Sal  Ammoni'acum,  Sal  Ammo'niuc, Sul
Ammoni'acus, Ammo'nia Muriat'ica, Ammo'nium
Muria'tum, Ammo'nia Hydrochlo'ras, Chlorure'-
turn  Ammo'nicum,  Sal  Armeni'acum, Salmiac,
Fuli'go  Al'ba  Philosopho'rum,  Misadir,  (F.)
Muriate  d'Ammoniaque, Sel Ammoniac ou Arme-
niac.   A saline concrete, formed by the combi-
nation of muriatic acid with ammonia.  In Egypt
it is manufactured in  large quantities by sublim-
ing the soot formed by burning camel's dung—26
pounds of the soot yielding 6 pounds.  It is also
prepared, in great quantities, by adding sulphuric
acid  to  the volatile alkali  obtained from soot,
bones, Ac, mixing this with common salt, and
subliming.
  Muriate of ammonia is inodorous, but has an
acrid, pungent,  bitterish,  and   urinous  taste.
Three parts  of cold  water dissolve one    Solu-
ble also  in 4-5  parts of alcohol.   It is aperient
and diuretic, but seldom used internally.  Ex- 
AMMONIAQUE            5 3                AMOMUM
ternally, it is employed, producing cold  during
its solution, in inflammations, Ac.
  Ammo'nia  Nitras, Nitrate of Ammonia, Al-
kali volat'ile nitra'tum, Sal ammoni'acus nitro'sus,
Ammo'nia nitra'ta, Nitras ammcrui'aca, Nitrum
Jlammans, (F.) Nitrate d'Ammoniaque.  A salt
composed of nitric acid and ammonia.  It is diu-
retic and deobstruent. (?)   Externally, it is dis-
cutient and sialogogue.
  Ammo'ni/E Phosphas, Ammo'nium phosphor'i-
cum. Phosphate  of Ammo'nia,  (F.) Phosphate
d'Ammoniaque. This  salt has been recommended
as an excitant, diaphoretic, and discutient. More
recently,  it has been  proposed as a new remedy
for gout and rheumatism, as a solvent of uric acid
calculus,  and for diseases, acute and chronic, con-
nected directly with the lithic acid diathesis.
  Ammonia  Sesquicarbonas, A. carbonas.
  Ammo'm.e  Sulphas, Sulphate of Ammo'nia,
 Sulphas ammoni'aca, Ammo'nium  sulphu'ricum,
Al'kali volat'ile  vitriola'tum, Sal Ammoni'acum
secrc'tum  Glauberi,  Sal secre'tus Glauberi, Vi-
triolum ummoniaca'le, (F.) Sulphate d'Ammoni-
aque.   Formed by adding sulphuric acid either to
sal ammoniac or to ammoniacal liquor. Its proper-
ties  are like  those»of the muriate of ammonia.
   Ammo'nivG  Sulphure'tum, Sul'phuret of Am-
mo'nia, Hydrosul'phuret of  Ammo'nia, Ammo'-
nium  Sttlf hydra'turn, Hydros id'phas Ammonia,
Spir'itus  Begui'ni, Sp. fumans Begui'ni, Sul-
phure'tum ammoni'aca, Sp. salis ammoni'aci sul-
phuni'tus, Liquor ammo'itii hydrothi'odis, Hydro-
sidphure'tum Ammo'nicum, Hydrosulph. amrnonia-
ca'le aquo'sum, Hydrog"eno-sulphure'turn  ammo-
ni'aca liq'uidiim, Spir'itus sul'phuris  volat'ilis,
Hepar srdpliuris volat'ile, Boyle's or Beguine's
fuming spirit, (F.) Hydrosulphate sulfure d'Am-
moniaque, Liqueur fumante  de Boyle, Sulfure
hydrogeni d'Ammoniaque, Hydrosulfure  dAm-
moniaque.  Odour very fetid; taste  nauseous and
styptic; colour dark  yellowish  green.  It is re-
puted  to be sedative,  nauseating, emetic, disoxy-
genizing(?) and has been given  in diabetes and
diseases of increased  excitement.   Dose, gtt. vij
to gtt. xx.
  Ammo'nia Tartras, Al'kali volat'ile tartari-
za'tum, Sal  Ammoni'acum  tarta'reum, Tar'tar-us
ammo'nia, Tartrate of Ammo'nia,  (F.) Tartrate
d'Ammoniaque. A salt composed of tartaric acid
and  ammonia.  It is diaphoretic and  diuretic;
but not much used.
  AMMONIAQUE,  Ammonia—a. Arseniate d',
Arseniate of ammonia—a.  Hydrosulfure a", Am-
monias sulphuretum—a. Hydrosulfate sulfure d',
Ammoniae sulphuretum—a. Liquide, Liquor am-
monias—a. Phosphate d', Ammonias phosphas—
a. Sulfure hydrogene il', Ammonias sulphuretum.
  AMMONH IODIDUM, Ammonium, iodide of
—a.  Ioduretum, Ammonium, iodide of.
  AMMO.XIO-CUPRICUS SUBSULPIIAS, Cu-
prum ammoniatum.
  AMMO'NION, from appos, 'sand.' An ancient
collyrium  of great virtue in many diseases of the
eye,  and  which was  said to remove sand from
that organ.
  AMMONIUM ARSENICICUM, Arseniate of
ammonia—a. Carbonicum, Ammoniae carbonas—
a. Hydroiodicum, Ammonium, iodide of—a. Io-
datum, Ammonium, iodide  of.
  Ammo'nium, Iodide  of, lod'idum  seu Jodnre'-
tum  ammonii, Ammonium  loda'tum  seu Hydro-
iod'icum,  Hydri'odas  ammo'nia, Hydri'odate of
ammo'nia.    This  salt  is formed by saturating
liquid hydriodic acid  with caustic ammonia, and
evaporating  the solution.  It is applied in the
form of ointment (3J ad adipis Jj) in  lepra,
psoriasis,  Ac.
  Ammonium Muriaticum Martiatum seu Mar-
tiale, Ferrum ammoniatum—a. Muriatum, Am- ll
monias  murias — a.  Phosphoricum,  Ammonias
phosphas—a. Subcarboneum, Ammonias carbonas
—a. Sulf hydratum, Ammoniae sulphuretum—a.
Sulphuricum, Ammonias sulphas.
  AMNA ALCALIZATA,  Water,  mineral, sa-
line.
  AMNEMOSYNE, Amnesia.
  AMNE'SIA, Amnest'ia, Amnemos'yne, from a,
privative, and pvnots, ' memory.' Mo'ria imbec"-
ilis  amne'sia,  Obliv'io, Recollectio'nis jactu'ra,
Dysasthe'sia inter-'na, Debil'itas memo'ria, Me-
mo'ria  dele'ta, (F.) Perte de Memoire, ' loss of
memory.'   By some nosologists, amnesia con-
stitutes a genus of diseases.   By most, it  is con-
sidered only as a symptom,  which may occur in
many diseases.
  AMNESTIA, Amnesia.
  AMNIC, Amniotic.
  AMNIC ACID, Amniotic  acid.
  AMNIfTIS, Amnitis.
  AMNIOCLEP'SIS, from  amnios, and  KXertror,
' I steal or take away clandestinely.'   Premature
escape of the liquor amnii.
  AMNIORRHGa'A, from  amnios, and  peu, 'I
flow.' A premature discharge of the liquor amnii.
  A M ' N I 0 N,  Am'nios, Amnium, Hym'nium,
Charta virgin'ea, Armatu'ra, Agni'na membra'na,
Pellu'cida membra'na, Galea, Scepar'num, Indu'-
sium, Amic'ulum, Membra'na fvetum  invol'vens.
The innermost of  the enveloping membranes of
the fostus:—so called because first observed in
the sheep (?), (apvos, 'a sheep.')  It is thin, trans-
parent, perspirable, and possesses many delicate
colourless vessels, which have not been injected.
It is generally considered to be produced by a
fold of  the external layer of the germinal mem-
brane, rising up, and gradually enveloping the
embryo.  Its external surface is feebly united to
the chorion by areolar  and vascular  filaments.
Its  inner surface  is polished, and is  in contact
with the body of the fostus and the liquor amnii.
  AMNIOT'IC, Amniot'icus,  Amnic,  Am'nicus,
(F.) Amniotique ou Amnique.   Relating,  or ap-
pertaining, to the  amnios.
  AMNIOT'IC  ACID,  Ac"idum am'nicnm seu
amniot'icum.  A peculiar acid, found by Vauque-
lin and Buniva in  the liquor amnii of the cow.
  AMNIQUE, Amniotic.
  AMNI'TIS, Amnii'tis,  from  amnion and itis,
'inflammation.'   Inflammation of the  amnion.
  AM03N0MA'NIA, from amoenus, 'agreeable,'
and mania.   A form of mania in which the hal-
lucinations are of an agreeable character.
  AMOME FAUN, Sison amomum.
  AMO'MUM  CARDAMO'MUM  (Ph. D.), A.
verum, Alpin'ia eardamo'mum, Caro'pi, Mato'nio,
Cardamo' 11111111, Eletta'ria  Cardamo'mum,  Carda-
mo'mum Minus, Lesser, True, or Officinal Car'da-
mom, (F.)  Cardamome de la Cote de Malabar,
Cardamome.   Ord. Zingiberaceas.  The  fruit of
this East India plant—Cardamornum, (Ph. U. S.),
C. Malabaren'se — has  an agreeable, aromatic
odour, and a pungent, grateful  taste.  It is car-
minative and  stomachic:  but is chiefly used to
give warmth to other remedies.  It is called Amo-
mis.   Dose, gr. v to Qj-
  The Amo'mum Cardamo'mum of Linnasus, Clus-
ter or Round Cardamom of  Sumatra,  Java, and
other islands eastward  of the  Bay of Bengal,
yields  the round  Cardamom, Cardamo'mum ro-
tun'durn, of the shops. The fruits, in their native
clusters or spikes,  constituting the Amo'mum ra-
cemo'sum, are rarely met with.
  Amomum Curcuma, Curcuma longa.
  Amomum Galanga, Maranta galanga.
  Amomum  Granum  Paradisi, A.  max'imum,
Cardamo'mum majus seu pipera'tum, Meleguet'ta,
Maniguet'ta.  Greater cardamom seeds—Grana
Paradi'si, Grains  of Paradise, (F.) Graines de 
AMOR                  5I               AMULETUM
Paradis—resemble A. cardamornum in properties.
They are extremely hot, and not much used.
  Amomum, Great-winged, Amomum maximum
—a. Hirsutum, Costus.
  Amomum Max'imum,  Great-winged Amomum,
yields the fruit known in commerce by the names
Java or Nepal Cardamoms,  Bengal  Cardamoms
of the Calcutta market,  Ac—Pereira.
  Amomum Montanum,  see Cassumuniar—a. Pi-
menta, see Myrtus pimenta—a. Racemosum, see
A.  cardamornum—a. Sylvestre, see Cassumuniar
—a. Zedoaria, Kasmpferia rotunda—a. Zerumbet,
see Cassumuniar.
  Amomum  Zin'giber,  Zin'giber officina'le  seu
album seu nigrum seu commu'ne, Zin'ziber,  din-
ger, (F.) Girrgembre. The black and white ginger,
Zin'ziber fuscum et album, Zin'giber (Ph. U. S.),
are the rriizoraa of the same plant, Zin'giber offi-
cina'le, the difference depending upon the mode
of  preparing them.
   The odour of ginger  is aromatic;  taste warm,
aromatic, and acrid. It  yields  its virtues to  alco-
hol, and in a great degree to  water.  It is  car-
minative, stimulant, and sialogogue.
   Preserved Ginger, Zingib'er-is Radix Condi'ta,
 Radix Zingib'eris condi'ta  ex  India  alla'ta, is a
 condiment which  possesses all the virtues of
 ginger.
    Ginger-Beer Powders may be formed of white
 mgar'Z)  and Qij, ginger gr. v, subcarbonate of
 soda gr. xxxvj, in each blue paper: acid of tar-
 tar ^iss, in each white  paper—for half a pint of
 water.
    Oxley's Concentrated  Essence of Jamaica  Gin-
 ger is a solution of ginger in rectified spirit.
    AMOR, Love.
    AMORGE, Amurca.
    AMORPHUS, Anhistous, Anideus.
    AMOSTEUS, Osteocolla.
    AMOUR,  Love—a. Physique, Appetite, vene-
 real.
    AMOUREUN,  (muscle.)  Obliquus superior
 oculi.
    AMPAC,  Amp'acus.  An East India tree, the
 leaves  of which have  a strong odour, and are
 used in baths as detergents.  A very odoriferous
 resin is obtained from it.
    AM PAR, Succinum.
    AMPELOCARPUS, Galium aparine.
    AMPELOPRASUM, Allium.
    AMPELOP'SIS  QUINQUEFO'LIA, (aprreXos,
  'the vine,' and  o\l/is, 'appearance,') Virgin'ion
  Creeper, American  Ivy, Five-leat-ed Ivy, Woody
  Climber.  An indigenous climbing plant.   Ord.
  Vitaceee; which  flowers  in July.  It has  been
  advised as an expectorant.
    AMPELOS, Vitis vinifera—a. Agria, Bryonia
  alba—a. Idaea, Vaccinium Vitis Idaea—a. Melasna,
  Tamus communis—a. Oinophorus,'Vitis vinifera.
    AMPHAMPHOTERODIOPSIA,  Diplopia.
    AMPHARIS'TEROS, Ambila'vus, 'awkward;'
  from aptpt, and aptarepos, 'the left.'   Opposed to
  ambidexter.
    AMPHEMERINOS, Quotidian.
    AMPHEMERUS, Quotidian.
    AMPHI,  aptpt, 'both, around, on  all  sides.'
  Hence, a prefix in many of the following terms.
    AMPHIAM, Opium.
    AMPHIARTHRO'SIS, from aptpt, 'both,' and
  aoSpucrts, ' articulation.'  A mixed  articulation,
  in which the corresponding surfaces of bones are
  united in an intimate manner by an intermediate
  body, which allows, however, of some slight mo-
  tion.  Such is the junction of the bodies  of the
  vertebras by means  of  the  intervertebral car-
  tilages.  This  articulation has also been  called
  Diarthrose de Continuite.   The motion it permits
  is but slight.
    AMPHIBLESTROIDITIS, Retinitis.
  AMPIIIBLESTROIDES, Reticular
  AMPUIBLESTROMALA'CIA,    Amphble,.
iroidomala'cia, from  amphiblestroides (membra-
na), 'the retina,  and paXaKta, 'softening.   Mol-
lescence or softening of the retina.
  AMPHIBRAN'CHIA, from  ap<pt, 'around,
and j3payXia, ' the throat.'  Amphibron'chia. The
tonsils and neighbouring parts.—Hippocrates.
  AMPIIICAUSTIS, Vulva.
  AMIIID'EUM, from auifrt,  'around,' and itu,
'I bind.'   The outermost margin  of the cervix
uteri;  the  Labium uteri.
  AMPHIDEXIUS, Ambidexter.
  AMPHIDIARTHRO'SIS,  from  aptpt, 'about,'
and itaoSpwcis, ' moveable joint.'  A name given
by Winslow to  the temporo-maxillary articula-
tion,  because, according  to  that anatomist, it
partakes both of ginglymus and arthrodia.
  AMPHIESMA CORDIS, Pericardium.
  AMPHIMERINA, Pertussis—a. Ilectica, Hec-
tic fever.
  AMPHIMERINOS, Quotidian.
  AMPHION, Maslach.
  AMPHIPLEX, Perinseum.
  AMPI1IPNEUMA, Dyspnoea.
  AMPHISMELA, Knife, dquble-edged.
  AMPIUSMILE, Knife, double-edged.
  AMPHISPHAL'SIS,  Circumac'tin,  Circrim-
ductio, from auiri, 'around,' and aipaXXw, 'I wan-
der.'   The movement of circumduction used in
reducing luxations.—Hippocrates.
  AMPHODIPLOPIA, see Diplopia.
  AM'PHORA,  per syncop.  for apipttPopcvs, from
aptpt, ' on both sides,' and tptpur, ' I bear :' because
it had two handles.   A liquid measure among
the  ancients,  containing  above  seven gallons.
Also called Quadrant'al, Cera'mium, Ceram'nium,
 Cadus.
  AMPHORIC  RESPIRATION, see Cavernous
Respiration.
  AMPHOTERODIPLOPIA, see Diplopia.
  AMPHRODIPLOPIA, Diplopia.
  AMPLEXATIO, Coition.
   AMPLEXUS, Coition.
   AMPLIFICATIO, Platynosis.
   AMPLIOPIA, Amblyopia.
   AMPOSIS, Anaposis.
   AMPOl'LES, Essera.
   AMPUL'LA, (L.)  'A bottle.' A  membranous
 bag, shaped  like a leathern  bottle.   See Cavitas
 Elliptiea.  In pharmacy, a receiver.
   Ampulla  Chylifera  seu  Chyli,  Recepta-
 culum chyli.
   AMPULLJE, Phlyctasnae.
   AMPUTATION, Amputa'tio, from ampntare,
 amputatum,  (am, ' around,'  and putare, ' to  cut
 off.')  Apot'ome, Apotom'ia.   The operation of
 separating, by means of a cutting instrument, a
 limb or a part  of a limb, or a  projecting part, as
 the mamma, penis, Ac, from the rest of the body.
 In  the case of a tumour, the  term  excision, re-
 moval, or extirpation, (F.) Resection, is more com-
 monly used.
   Amputation, Circular, is  that in which the
 integuments and muscles are divided circularly.
   Amputation, Flap, (F.) A. d  lambeaux, is
 when one or two flaps  are left so as to cover the
 stump when the limb has been removed.
   Amputation, Joint, Exarticula'tio, (F.)  A.
 dans I'article ou dans la contiguite  des membres,
 is when the limb is removed at an articulation.
   Each amputation requires a different process,
 which is described in works  on operative surgery.
   Amputation, Spontaneous, see  Spontaneous.
    AMULET, Amuletum.
    AMULETTE, Amuletum.
   AMULE'TUM, from amoliri, 'to remove.' An
  Amulet,  Periam'ma, Apotropa'um, Perinp'tcn,
  Phylacte'rion,  Apoteles'ma,  Exarte'ma, Alcxica'- 
AMURCA
•r)5       AMYRIS  COMMIPHORA
cum, Praaerrati'vum, Probasca'nium,Probasean'-
tium, (F.) Amulette.  Any image or  substance
worn about the person for the purpose of pre-
venting disease or danger.
  AMUR'CA, Amur'ga, apopyn, from  aptpyur, 'I
press out.' The marc or grounds remaining after
olives have been  crushed and  deprived of their
oil.  It has been used as an application to ulcers.
  AMURCA, Amurca.
  AM USA, Musa Paradisiaca.
  A'M VCE, Amycha, Amyx'is.  Excoriation, Sca-
rification.
  AMYCHA, Amyce.
  AMYC'TICA,  from apvotrta,  'I lacerate.' Me-
dicines which stimulate and vellicate the skin.—
Caslius Aurelianus.
  AMY DOLE, Fecula.
  AMYDRIASIS, Mydriasis.
  AMYEL'IA, from a,  privative,  and  pveXos,
'marrow.'  A monstrous formation,  in which
there is an absence of spinal marrow.
  AMYELONER'VIA; from a, privative, pveXos,
'marrow,' and vtvpov, 'nerve.'   Paralysis or de-
ficient action of the spinal marrow.
  AM YELOTROPH'IA, from a, privative, pveXos,
'marrow,' and rpotpn,  'nourishment.'   Atrophy
of the spinal marrow.
  AMYG'DALA,  same etymon  as Amyetica;
because  there  seem to be fissures in  the shell.
The Almond, of which  there  are  two kinds;
Amyg'dala ama'ra and A. dulces, (F.) Amandes
arneres,  and A. donees, obtained from  two varie-
ties  of Amyg'dalus communis or A. sati'va.  Al-
mond tree, (Old Eng.) Amyllier, a native of Bar-
bary.  Ord. Amygdaleas.   Sex. Syst. Icosandria
Monogynia.
  The taste of Amygdala dulcis is soft and sweet;
that of A. amara, bitter.  Both yield, by expres-
sion, a sweet, bland oil.  The bitter  almond con-
tains Prussic  acid.  They are chiefly used for
forming  emulsions.
  Amyg'dal^e Pasta, Almond  Paste, a cosmetic
for softening  the skin  and preventing chaps, is
made of bitter almonds, blanched, .^iv, white  of
one  egg;  rose water, and rectified spirit,  equal
parts, or as much as is sufficient.
  Amyg'dal^e Placen'ta, Almond  Cake, is  the
cake left after the expression  of the  oil.  The
ground  Almond Cake, Almond Powder, Fari'na
Amygdala'rum, is used instead  of soap for wash-
ing the  hands.
  Amygdala, Tonsil.   Also, a  lobule  or promi-
nence of the cerebellum, so called from its resem-
blance to an enlarged tonsil.  This and its fellow
of the opposite side form the lateral boundaries
of the anterior extremity of the valley, and  are
in great  part covered by the  medulla oblongata.
The Amygdalas are seated on either side of the
uvula, in the fourth ventricle.
  AM YG'DA LA TOME,  Amygdalat'omm, from
apvyhiXn, 'tonsil,' and  To/it], 'incision;' impro-
perly Tonsillitome,— Tonsil-guillotine, (F.) Se'ca-
teur des Amygdales.  An  instrument fqr surgery
and  excising a portion  of the  tonsil.  See A*Yo-
tome.
  AMYGDALATUM, Emulsio amygdalas.
  AM YG DALE, Tonsil.
  AMYG'DALIN,  Amygdali'rrum, Amygdali'na,
Amyg'daline.   A  principle  contained   in  bitter
almonds,  which  is  prepared  by pressing  the
bruised  almonds  between heated plates to sepa-
rate  the  fat oil;  boiling  the residue in alcohol;
evaporating, and  treating with  ether, which pre-
cipitates  the amygdalin in a crystalline powder.
A weak solution  of it,  under the influence of a
small quantity o'f  emulsin  or  synatapse, which
constitutes the larger portion of the pulp of al-
monds, yields at onoe oil  of  bitter almonds and
hydrocyanic acid.
    AMYGDALITIS, Cynanche tonsillaris.
    AMYGDALUS, see Amygdala.
    Amygdalus Communis, see Amygdala.
    Amygdalus Per'sica, Per'sica vulga'ris. ' The
 common peach-tree,  (F.) Richer. The leaves and
 flowers have be-en considered laxative. They are
 bitter and aromatic, and have been given in has-
 maturia, nephritis,  Ac.   The fruit is  one  of the
, pleasant and wholesome summer fruits,  when
I ripe.   The kernels, Amyg'dala Per'sica, as well
j as the flowers, contain prussic acid.
    Peach Brandy is distilled from  the fruit, and
I is much used in the United States.
    AMYGMOS, Scarification.
II    AMYL, Amylum.
    AMYLA'CEOUS, Amyla'ceus,  (F.) Amylaci,
 from  amylum, 'starch.'  Having the nature of,
 or containing starch.   Starchy, starch-like.
    Amylaceous Bodies, Corpora amylacea
   AMYLE, I1YDRATED OXIDE OF, Oil  fusel
   AMYLENE, see Potato oil.
   AMYLEON, Amylum.
   AMYLI  IODIDUM,  Starch,  iodide of—a.
 loduretum, Starch, iodide of.
   AMYLLIER, see Amygdala.
   AMYLOID BODIES, Corpora amylacea.
    A'MYLUM,  A'midum,  Fec'ula,  Amyl'eon,
 Amyl'ion, Am'yIon,  from a, priv., and pvXn, 'a
 mill,' because made without a  mill. Starch, (Old
 Eng.)  Amyl, (F.) Amidon, Amy/on.   Starch of
  Wheat, Fari'na, Trit'ici fari'na, Amylum tritic"-
 eum seu Trit'ici, Fec'ula Amyla'cea, is inodorous
 and insipid, white and friable.  It is insoluble in
 cold water and  alcohol, but forms with boiling
 water a strong, semi-transparent jelly. It is de-
 mulcent, and is used as an emollient glyster, and
 as the vehicle for opium, when given  per  anum.
 Starch is met with  abundantly in  all  the  cereal
 grains,  in the stalks of many of the palms, in
 some lichens, and in many tuberous  roots, par-
 ticularly in the bulbs of the orchis.
    Amylum  Americanum,  see Arrow-root — a.
 Cannaceum,  Tous-les-mois—a. Iodatum, Starch,
 iodide of—a. Manihoticum, see Jatropha manihot
 —a. Marantaceum,  Arrow-root—a. Palmaceum,
 Sago—a. Querneum, Racahout.
   A'MYON, from a  priv., and pvov, 'a muscle,'
 Emuscula'tus.  Without muscle.  Applied  to the
 limbs, when so extenuated that the muscles can-
 not be distinguished.
   AMYTOSIS, Synezizis.
   AMYOSTHENI'A, (F.) Amyosthenie, from a,
 priv., pvurv,  'a muscle,'  and  a&evos, 'strength.'
 Defect of muscular  contraction.
   AMYOSTHENIE CYSTURIQUE,Paralysis
 of the bladder.—Piorry.
   AMYRIS COMMIPHORA,  see Bdellium.
   Am'yris Elemif'era, (a. intensive,  and  pvpov,
 'an odoriferous ointment,' because  it enters into
 the composition  of  such.)  (F.) Balsarnier ou
 Baumier Elemifere.   Ord. Terebinthaceas.  Sex.
 Syst. Octandria Monogynia.  The  plant whence
 it has been,  supposed Gum El'emi is  obtained.
 This gum or resin is brought  from the Spanish
 East and West Indies.  Brazilian Elemi, accord-
 ing to Dr. Royle, is  produced by Icica  Icicariba ;
 Mexican Elemi, by Ela'phrium elemiferum ; and
 Manilla  Elemi,  by Cana'rium commu'ne.   It is
 softish, transparent, of a pale whitish  colour, in-
 clining a little to green, and of a strong, though
 not unpleasant smell.   It is only  used in  oint-
 ments and plasters,  and is a digestive.
   Amyris Gileadensis, see A. opobalsamum.
   Am'yris  Opobal'samum.  (F.)  Balsarnier ou
 Baumier de la Mecque, Bal'sem, Bal'samum. The
 plant from  which is  obtained  the Balsam of
 Mecca, Bal'samum  genui'num antiquo'ntm seu
 Asiat'icum  seu  Juda'icum seu Syriacum  seu  c 
AMYRON                 56             ANESTHETIC
MeccL%  seu Alpi'ni, Balsamela'on, /Egyptiacum
Bal'samum,  Coccobal'samum,  Oleum  Bal'sami,
Opobal'samum, Nylobal'samum, Balsam or Balm
of GHead, (F.) Baume Blanc, B. de Constantino-
ple blanc, B. de  Galaad, B. du Grand Caire, B.
Vrai, Terebinthine de Gileatl, T. d'Egypte, T. du
Grand K'aire, T. de Judee.   A resinous juice ob-
tained  by making incisions into Amyris opobal'-
samum and  A.  Gileaelen'sis of Linnasus,  Balsa-
maden'dron  Gileaden'se of Kunth.   The juice of
the fruit is  called  Garpobal'samum ; that of the
wood and branches Nylobal'samum.  It has the
general properties  of the milder Terebinthinates.
   Amyris Tomkntosum, Fagara octandra.
   AMYRON, Carthamus tinctorius.
   A'MY US, from a, privative, and pvs, 'a mouse,
a muscle.'   Weak  or poor in muscle.
   AMYX'IA, from a, privative, and pvt-a, 'mu-
cus.'   Deficiency of mucus.
   AMYXIS, Amyce, Scarification.
   ANA, ava, a word which signifies  'of  each.'
It is used in prescriptions as well as a and aa, its
abbreviations.  As a prefix to words, it means
'in,' 'through,' 'upwards,' 'above,' in opposition
to cata; — also, 'repetition,' like the English re.
Hence,—
   ANAB'ASIS. from avaQatvor, 'I ascend.'   The
first period  of  a disease, or that of increase.—
Galen.   See Augmentation.
   ANABEXIS, Expectoration
   ANABLEP'SIS, from ai>a, 'again,' and PXcrrut,
' I see.'   Restoration to sight.
   ANABOLJE'ON, Anabole'us, from avafiaXXur, 'I
cast up.'  An  ointment for extracting  darts or
other extraneous bodies.
   ANAB'OLE, from ava, 'upwards,' and ffaXXta,
' I cast.'   Anago'ge,  Anaph'ora,  Anacine'ma,
Anacine'sis. An  evacuation  upwards.  An act
by which  certain matters are ejected by the
mouth.  In common acceptation it includes, ex-
spuition, expectoration,  regurgitation,  and vomit-
ing.
   ANABROCHIS'MUS,  Anabron'chismus,  from
uva, 'with,' and Ppoxos, 'a running  knot.'  An
 operation for removing  the eye-lashes, for exam-
ple, when they irritate the eye, by means of  a
hair knotted around them.—Hippocrates, Galen,
 Celsus, Ac.
   ANABRONCHISMUS, Anabrochismus.
   ANABROSIS, Corrosion, Erosion.
   ANACAMPSEROS,  Sedum telephium.
   ANACAR'DIUM OCCIDENTA'LE, (ava and
 Kapita, 'heart,' from the resemblance of the fruit
 to a dried  heart,) Acaju'ba occidenta'lis, Cassu'-
 vinm pomif'erum, Cashew  ( IF. Indies.)  (F.) Ac'-
 ajou.  Ord. Terebinthaceas. Sex. Syst.  Ennean-
 dria  Monogynia.   The  Oil of the Cashew Nut,
 0'learn  Anacar'dii, (F.) Huile d'Acajou,  is an
 active caustic, and used as such in the countries
 where it grows, especially for destroying warts,
 Ac.
   Anacardium Orientals, Avieenniatomentosa.
   ANACATHAR'SIS,  from ava, 'upwards,' and
 Ka^atpuv, '  to purge.'  Purgation upwards.   Ex-
 pectoration.  See, also, Repurgatio.
   Anacatharsis  Catarrhalis  Simplex, Ca-
 tarrh.
   ANACATHARTICUS, Expectorant.
   ANACESTOS, Incurable.
   ANACHREMPSIS,  Exspuition.
   ANACHRON,  Soda.
   ANA CINE MA, Anabole, Exspuition.
   ANACINESIS, Anabole, Exspuition.
   ANACLASIS.  Repercussion.
   ANACLINTE'RIUM.  Anaclin'trum, Recubi-
  to'rium, from avaKXtvor, ' I recline.'  A long chair
  or seat, so  formed that the person can rest in a
  reclining posture.
   ANACLINTRUM, Anaclinterium.
II  ANACOLLE'MA, from  ava,  'together,  and
ll koXXuu, ' I glue.'  A healing medicine.
   Anacollemata, Frontal bandages.
   ANACOLUP'PA.  A creeping plant ot Mala-
 bar, the juice of which, mixed with powdered
 pepper, passes in India  as  a cure for epilepsy,
 and as the  only remedy for the bite of the naja.
 It is supposed to be  Zapa'nia nodiflo'rtt.
   ANACOLUTII1E, Incoherence.
   ANACOMIDE, Restauratio.
   ANACONCHYLIASMUS, Gargarism.
   ANACONCIIYLISMUS,  Gargarism.
   ANACTESIS, Restauratio.
   ANACTIRION, Artemisia.
   ANACYCLEON,  Charlatan.
   ANACYCLUS OFFICINARUM,  see Anthe-
 mis Pyrethrum — a. Pyrethrum, Anthemis pyre-
 thrum.
    ANADESMUS, Fascia.
    ANADIPLO'SIS, from ava, 'again,' and inrXour,
 'I  double.'  Epanadiplo'sis, Epanalep'sis, Redu-
 plica'tio.   The redoubling  which  occurs in a
 paroxysm  of  an  intermittent, when its type is
 double.—Galen, Alexander of Tralles.
    ANADORA, Ecdora.
    ANAD'OSIS,  from  avaitiorpt,  'I give up.1
  Purgation upwards, as by vomiting.  Congestion
  of  blood towards  the  upper parts of the  body.
  Anadosis seems also to have occasionally meant
  chylification, whilst diadosis meant capillary nu-
  trition,—Hippocrates,  Galen.
    ANAD'ROME, from ava,  'upwards,' and ipipto,
  ' I run.'  The transport of a humour or pain from
  a lower to  an upper part.—Hippocrates.  Also,
  the globus  hystericus.  See  Angone.
    ANjEDGE'US, from av, privative, and  niooia,
  'organs of generation.'  A  monster devoid  of
  sexual organs.
    ANJEMATOPOE'SIS,  from a, av, privative,
  'aiixa, 'blood,' and traitor, 'I make.'  Impeded or
  obstructed  hasmatosis.
    ANJEMATO'SIS, Anhamato'sis,  from  a, av,
  privative, and 'atpa, 'blood.'  Defective haouaa-
  tosis or preparation of the blood.   Anaemia.
     ANJE'MiA, Exa'mia, Ana'masis, Anha'mia,
  Anhamato'sis, Polyanha'mia, Anamo'sis, Oliga'-
  mia,  Oligoha'mia,  Hypa'mia, Hyclroa'inia, Hy-
  dra'mia, Ane'mia,  (F.) Anemie, Anhemic,  Anlie-
  matosie,Polyanhemie, Hydrohemie, Exsanguin'ity,
  Blood'lessness : from a, priv., and 'atpa, 'blood.'
  Privation of blood ;—the opposite to plethora. It
  is  characterized by every sign of  debility.  Also,
  diminished quantity of fluids in the capillary ves-
  sels :—the opposite to Hyperamia.—The essential
  character of  the blood  in  anaemia is diminution
  in the ratio of red corpuscles.
     ANJE'MIC, Anem'ic,  Ana'mints; same  ety-
  mon.  Appertaining or relating to anaemia,—as
  an "anamic person."   See Exsanguious.
     ANJEMOCH'ROUS, from a, av, privative, 'atpa,
  ' blood,' and xPoar  ' colour.'  Devoid of  colour,
  pale.
     ANJEMOSIS, Anasmia.
     ANJEMOT'ROPHY, Anamotroph'ia : from av,
  privative,  'atpa, 'blood,' and rpoipn, ■'nourish-
  ment.'  A  deficiency of sanguineous nourishment.
  —Prout.
     AN/EMYDRTA, Anhydrasmia.
     AN^5STHE'SIA,  Anasthe'sis, InsensibiVitat,
  Analge'sia, Parap sis  expers, (F.) Anesthesie;
  from a, privative,  and atadavopat, ' I feel.'  Pri-
  vation  of  sensation,  and  especially of that  of
  touch, according to some.   It may be general or
  partial, and is almost always symptomatic.
     Anesthesia  Gustatoria, Ageustia —a. Lin-
  guas, Ageustia—a.  Olfactoria, Anosmia—a. Optic,
   Amaurosis.
     ANJESTHESIS, Anesthesia.
 i   ANJESTIIET'IC,  Anesthet'ic,  Anasthet'icus, 
ANESTHETIZATION        57                ANAPNOE
(F.)  Ancsthesiqne ;  same etymon, as Anasthesia.
Relating to privation of feeling, as an "anasthetic
agent;" one that prevents feeling.  The term is,
now, almost restricted to agents, which  produce
such effect by being  received  into the lungs in
the form  of vapours  or  gases, and passing with
the blood to the nervous centres on which their
action  is  exerted.  Perhaps, as a  general  rule,
the intellectual faculties  first feel their influence,
—a sort of intoxication supervening, with imper-
fect  power of regulating  the movements; the
sensory ganglia become afterwards or  simulta-
neously   affected,  sensation   and  motion  are
suspended, and ultimately,  if the quantity in-
haled be sufficient, the medulla oblongata has its
actions suspended or destroyed,respiration ceases,
and death is  the consequence.  Different agents
have been used as anaesthetics by way of inhala-
tion — sulphuric ether, chloroform, chloric ether,
compound ether, chlorohydric  and nitric ethers,
bisulphuret of carbon, chloride  of olefiant gas,
benzin, aldehyde,  light coal-tar  naphtha, Ac;
but  the first four are alone employed. They have
been,  and are, greatly used in serious  surgical
operations, and during parturition; and in such
cases, as well  as in many diseases, especially of a
painful nature, produce the most beneficial results.
   ANJESTIIETIZA'TION, (F.) AnestMtisation;
same etymon. The condition of the nervous sys-
tem induced by anaesthetics.
   ANAGAL'LIS,  from  ava,  and  yaXa, 'milk,'
from its power of coagulating milk.  A.  arven'sis
A. Pluenie"'ea, Red Pim'pernel, Scarlet  Pimper-
nel, Shepherd's Sun-dial. Nat. Ord. Primulaceae.
Sex. Syst. Pentandria Monogynia.   (F.) Mourort
rouge.   A common European plant; a reputed
antispasmodic and stomachic.
   Another species—Anagal'lis caru'lea is a mere
variety of the above.
   Anagallis Aquatica, Veronica Beccabunga.
   ANAGARGALICTON, Gargarism.
   AN AGARGAR ISM US, Gargarism.
   ANAGARGARISTON,  Gargarism.
   ANAGLYPHE. Calamus scriptorius.
   ANAGNOSTAKIS, see Ophthalmoscope.
   ANAGOGE, Anabole, Rejection.
   ANAGRAPHE, Prescription.
   AN AG'Y RIS, Anag'yris  fie'tida, Anag'yrus,
Ac'opon,  Stinking Bean Trefoil.    (F.)  Anagyre,
from avayb),' I lead upwards'  [ ? ]. Native of Italy.
The leaves are powerfully purgative.  The juice
is said to be diuretic, and the seeds emetic.—Di-
oscorides, Paulus.
   ANAGYRUS, Anagyris.
   ANAL, Ana'/is.   That which  refers to tho
anus ;—as Anal region, Ac.
   ANAL'DIA,  (F.) Analdie; from a, av,  priva-
tive, and aXiuv, 'to grow.'  Defective nutrition.
   ANALEMSfA, Analepsia.
   ANALENTIA, Analepsia.
   ANALEP'SIA,  Analep'sis,  Analen'tia,  Ana-
lem'sia, from  ava, 'fresh,' and  Xaufiaveiv, (future
X>/'|'0/ihi,) 'to take.' Restoration to strength after
disease.—Galen.  A kind of sympathetic epilepsy,
originating from  gastric  disorder.   See Epilepsy.
   Also, the support given to  a fractured  extre-
mity ;—Appcn'sio.—Hippocrates.
   ANALEPSIS. Convalescence, Restauratio.
   A N A L E P'TIC A, Anapsyc'tica, Psycltot'ica,
Refecti'in, Reficien'tia,  Restanran'tia,  Analep'-
tics, same etymon.   Restorative  medicines  or
food : such as are adapted to recruit the  strength
durin^ convalescence; — as  sago, salep, tapioca,
jellv.°Ac
   Analeptic Pills,  James's, consist of James's
Powder,  Gum Ammoniacum, and Pills  of Aloes
and Mi/rrh, equal parts, with Tincture of Castor,
sufficient to form a mass.
[   ANALGE'SIA, Anal'gia, from a, av, priv., and
 aXyos,  ' pain.'   Absence of pain both in  health
 and disease.  See Anaesthesia.
   ANALGIA, Analgesia.
   AN'ALOGUE, Anal'ogus; from ava, 'again,'
 and Xoyos, 'a description.'  A part in  one orga-
 nized being which has  the same function as an-
 other part in another organized being.
   ANALOGOUS TISSUES, see Tissues.
   ANALOSIS, Atrophy.
   ANALTESIS, Restauratio.
   ANALTIIES, Incurable.
   ANAMIRTA COCCULUS, Menispermum coo-
 culus—a. Peniculata, Menispermum cocculus.
   ANAMNES'TIC,  Anamnes'ticum,  from  ava,
 'again,'  and pipwaKor,  ' I remember.'  A medi-
 cine for improving the memory.  See, also, Com-
 memorative.
   ANANAS, Bromelia ananas—a.  Aculeata, Bro-
j melia  ananas—a. Americana, Bromelia pinguin
;—a.  Ovata, Bromelia   ananas — Wild,  broad-
 leaved, Bromelia pinguin.
   ANANAZIP'TA.  A word formerly scrawled
 on amulets  to charm away disease.
   ANANDRI'A, from  a, av,  privative, and avvp,
 'a man.'  Want of manliness.  Impotence in the
 male.  The state and act of emasculation.
   ANANEO'SIS, Renova'tio; from ava, 'again,'
 and veoj, 'new.'  Renovation or renewal,—as of
 the  blood by the chyliferous  vessels and lym-
 phatics.
   ANAPETI'A, Expan'sio mea'tuum, from ava,
 and ireraur,  ' I  dilate.'    A state opposite  to the
 closure of vessels.—Galen.
   ANAPHALANTI'ASIS,^»np;Waw.ro'm«,from
 avatpuXavTius,' bald.'  Loss of the hair of the eye-
 brows.  Also, baldness  in general.
   ANAPIIALANTOMA, Anaphalantiasis.
   ANAPHE,  Anaphia.
   ANAPH'IA,  Anhaph'ia, An'aphe,  from a, av,
 priv., and 'atpn,  'touch.' Diminution or privation
 of the sense of  touch.
   ANAPHLASMUS, Masturbation.
   ANAPHONE'SIS, from ava, ' high,'and <puvn,
 'voice'  Exercise of the voice: vociferation: —
 the act of crying out.   Voeifera'tio, Clamor.
   ANAPHORA, Anabole.
   ANAPHRODISTA,  from  a,  priv., and Atppo-
 Sirn, 'Venus,' Defec'tus  Ven'eris.  Absence of the
 venereal appetite.  Sometimes used for Impotence
 and Steriliti/.
   ANAPHRODTSIAC.  Antaphrodisiac.
   ANAPHROMELI, Mel despumatum.
   ANAP'LASIS, Anaplasm'us,  from avairXactno,
 ' I restore.'  Confirma'tio, Reposi"tio.  Restora-
 tion.   Union or consolidation of a fractured bone.
 —Hippocrates.
   ANAPLASMATIC, Anaplastic.
   ANAPLASMUS,  Anaplasis.
   ANAPLAS'TIC, Anaplas'ticus; same etymon.
 An epithet applied  to  the art of  restoring lost
 parts or the normal  shape,—as 'Anaplastic Sur-
 gery.'  Soe Morioplastice.  Also  an  agent, that
 increases the amount of plastic matter—fibrin—■
 in the blood:  Anaplasmat'ic.
   ANAPLERO'SIS, from avairXrjpoio, (ava, and
 TrXnpoor,) ' I fill  up.'  Repletion.   That part of
 surgical  therapeutics whose  object is to  supply
 parts  that  are  wanting.  Also,  Apposition  or
 Prosthesis.
   ANAPLEROTICUS, Incarnans.
   ANAPLEU'SIS, FluGtita'tio,  Innata'tio, from
 avarrXeiv, (ava and nXeur), 'to  swim above.'  The
 looseness or shaking of  an exfoliated bone ; or of
 a carious   or  other tooth,  Ac—Hippocrates,
 Paulus.
   ANAPLOSIS. Growth.
   AXAPNEUSIS, Respiration.
'.   ANAPNOE, Respiration. 
ANAPNOENUSI
58
ANATOMY
  ANAPNOENU'SI,  from  anapno'4,  'respira-
tion,'  and vovaoj,  disease.'   Diseases  of the re-
spiratory organs.
  ANAPNOMETER, Spirometer.
  AN APOD ISIS  UTERI, Retroversio Uteri.
  ANAPODISMUS UTERI, Retroversio  Uteri.
  ANAPODOPIIYLLUM CANADENSE,  Podo-
phyllum peltatum.
  ANAP'OSIS, Am'posis, from  ava, 'again,' and
roots, ' drink.'  A recession of humours from the
circumference to the centre of the body.—Hippo-
crates.
  ANAPSE, Auartte.
  ANAPSIA, Cascitas.
  ANAPSYCTICA, Analeptica.
  ANAPTYSIS, Expectoration.
  ANAPTYXIS, Growth.
  ANARCOTINA, Narcotine.
  ANARRHEGNU'MINA, from avappvyvvpt, 'I
break out again.'  Fractures are so called when
they become disunited; as well as ulcers when
they  break out afresh.
  ANARRHI'NON,  from  ava, 'upwards,' and
ptv, ' the nose.'  That which returns by the nose.
—Gorraeus.
  According to others, that which  issues by the
skin ;  from ava, and pivos, ' the  skin.'
  ANARRHINUM, Sternutatory.
  AN ARRHffi'A, Anar'rhoe,Anar-rho''pia,  Anas'-
tasis, from ava, ' upwards,'  and  ptot, ' I flow.  Af-
flux of fluid towards the upper  part of the body.
  ANARRHOPHE, Absorption.
  AN A R R II 0 P H E N U'S I,  from anarrhophe,
'absorption,'and vovoos, 'disease.' Diseases of
the absorbents.
  ANARRHOPHESIS, Absorption.
  ANARRHOPIA, Anarrhosa.
  ANAR'THRUS, from  av, priv. and ap&pov, 'a
joint.'   Without a joint.  One  who is so fat that
his joints are scarcely perceptible.—Hippocrates.
  ANASAR'CA,  from ava, ' through,' and aapt;,
aapKos,  ' the flesh.'   Anasarch'a,  Catasar'ca,
Atpta intercus seu inter cutem, Hypusur-'ca, Hy-
drops cellnla'ris toti'us  cor'poris, H. Anasar-
ca seu inter''cits seu subcuta'neus  seu cellulo'sus seu
cuta'neus seu tela cellulo'sa, Katasar' ca, Episar-
cid'ium,  Hy'deros,   Hydaton'cus,   Hyderon'cus,
Hydron'cus, Hyttrosar'ca, Hydroder'ma, Hydrop'-
isis vera, Stir'cites, Palylym'phia, Hyposarcid'ius,
Leucophlegrna'tia, General dropsy,  Dropsy of the
cellular membrane,  (F.) Anasarque.  Commonly,
it begins to manifest itself by swelling around the
ankles; and is characterized by tumefaction of
the limbs  and of the soft parts covering the ab-
domen, thorax, and  even the face, with paleness
and  dryness  of the  skin, and  pitting when any
 of these (especially the ankles)  are pressed upon.
Like dropsy in general, Anasarca  may be active
 or passive ;  and  its treatment must be regulated
by the rules that are applicable  to general dropsy.
At times, the symptoms are of an acute character,
 and  the effusion sudden, constituting Derma-
 toch'ysis, Hydrops Anasar'ca  acu'tus,  GEde'ma
 cal'idum, Qi. acu'tum, OH. febri'le  of some.  See
 Hydrops.
   Anasarca Hystericum,  Anathymiasis — a.
 Pulmonum  Hydropneumonia,   GSdema   of the
 Lungs — a. Serosa, Phlegmatia dolens.
   ANASARCHA. Anasarca.
   ANASARQUE,  Anasarca.
   ANASISMUS, Concussion.
   ANASPADIA, see Anaspadiaeus.
   ANASPA'DIAS, Epispadias, from ava, 'up-
 wards,' and  onaur, ' I draw.'  One  whose urethra
 opens on the upper surface of the  penis.
   ANASPADISIS, see Anaspadiasus.
   ANASPADISMUS, see Anaspadiasus.
   ANAS'PASIS, Anaspasm'us, from avao-raor,  ' I
 contract.'  Retrac'tio. Contraction, especially of
the bowels.  The condition is called Anaspa'dra,
Anaspod'isis, and Anaspadis'mus.—Hippocrates,
  ANASPASM US. Anaspasis.
  ANASSA, Bromelia ananas.
  ANASTALTICA, Styptics.
  ANASTASIS,  Anarrhosa.   Also,  restoration
from sickness.  Convalescence.
  ANASTOaCHEIO'SIS, from  ava, 'again,' and
oroiynov,  'element.'  Reelementa'tio.   Resolu-
tion of a body or its parts into their elements.—
Galen.
  ANASTOMO'SIS. from ava, 'with,'and aropa,
'a mouth.'   Inoscula'tio seu Reu'nio vaso'rum,
Exanastomo'sis,  Concnr'sus,  (F.)  Abouchcrnent.
Communication  between two vessels.  By con-
sidering the nerves to be  channels, in  which a
nervous fluid circulates, their communication like-
wise has been  called Anastomosis.  By means of
anastomoses, if the course  of a fluid be arrested
in one vessel, it can proceed along others.
  Anastomosis  Aneurismatica, Telangiectasia
—a Jacobson's,  see Petrosal ganglion.
  ANASTOMOTIC, Anastomot'icus,  (F.) Anas-
tomotique.   Same etymon  as anastomosis.  Be-
longing or relating to anastomosis.
  ANASTOMOT'ICS, Anastomot'ica.  Same ety-
mon.   Certain medicines were formerly so called,
which were believed to be capable of opening tho
mouths of vessels, as asperients, diuretics, etc.
  ANASTOMOT'ICUS   MAGNUS  (RAMUS),
(F.)  Artere  collaterale interne, A. collateralc du
coude, is a branch of the  brachial artery, which
comes off a little above the  elbow, and  bestows
branches  to the  brachialis  internus, to the under
edge of the triceps, and to the muscles, ligaments,
etc, about the elbow  joint.  See, also, Articular
arteries of the knee.
  ANASTROPHE UTERI, Inversio  uteri.
  ANATASIS, Extension.
  ANATHEMA, Tabula votiva.
  ANATHERIUM MURICATUM, Andropogon
muricatus.
  ANATHOMIA, Anatomy.
  ANATHYMIAMA, Anathymiasis.
  ANATHYMI'ASIS, Anat'hymiama, from  ava,
'upwards,' and dvpa, 'fumigation.'  CEde'ma fu-
gax,  Ojjde'ma spas'ticum,  (Ede'ma hyster'icum,
Anasar'ca hyster'icum.  An uncertain and tran-
sient swelling or inflation, said to have been ob-
served at times  in  nervous and hysterical per-
sons. It also means Exhalation, Fumigation, and
Hypochondriasis.
  ANATOLE UNGUIUM, see Nail.
   ANATOME,  Anatomy — a. Animata,  Physio-
logy.
   ANATOMIA, Anatomy—a. Animalis, Zootomy
—a. Comparata, Zootomy—a. Comparativa, Zo-
otomy—a. Viva, Physiology.
   ANATOMIE, Anatomy—a. Chirurgicale, see
Anatomy—a. des Regions, see Anatomy.
   ANAT'OMISM, Anatomism'us.  Same etymon
as Anatomy.  The doctrine of those who  look
into the arrangement of parts, to explain all the
phenomena of the organism.
   ANAT'OMIST, Anatom'icus.   One who occu-
pies himself with anatomy.  One versed in ana-
tomy.
   ANAT'OMY, Anaf'ome, Anatom' ia ,Anathom' ia,
Prosec'tio, from ava, and  rtpveiv, 'to cut,' (F.)
Anatomic  The word Anatomy properly signifies
dissection;  but  it has been  appropriated to the
study and  knowledge of the number, shape,
situation, structure, and connection—in a word,
 of all the apparent properties of organized bodies.
 Anatomy is  the science of organization.  Some
 havo given the term a still more extended accep-
 tation, applying it to every mechanical decom-
 position,  even of inorganic bodies.  Thu3,  Crys-
 tallography  has been  termed  the Anatomy of 
ANATON
59
ANCUBITUS
crystallized minerals.   Anatomy has also been
cm lied  Morphology,  Somatology,  Somatot'omy,
Organology, etc.   It  assumes different names,
according as the study is confined to one organ-
ized being,  or  to  a species  or  class of beings.
Thus, Androt'omy,  or Anthropot'omy, or Anthro-
pog'nipliy,  or Anthroposomntol'ogy, is the Ana-
tomy of Man; Zootomy, that of the other species
of the animal kingdom; and Vet'erinary Anat'-\
omy is  the anatomy of domestic animals;  but
when the word  is used abstractly,  it means Hu-
man Anatomy,  and particularly the study  of
the organs  in a physiological or healthy state.
Physiolog"ical Anatomy is occasionally used to
signify  the kind of anatomy which investigates
structure with a special view to function.  The
Anatomy of the diseased human body is  called
Patholoific.nl or Morbid Anatomy, and when ap-
plied to Medical Jurisprudence,  Foren'sic Anat-
omy.   Several of  the  organs possessing a simi-
larity of structure,  and being formed of the same
tissues, they have been grouped into Systems or
Genera of Organs; and the study of, or acquaint-
ance with, such systems, has been called General
Anat'omy, Histology, or Morphot'omy, whilst the
study of each organ in particular has been termed
Descriptive Anatomy, Anthropomorphology. His-
tology is,  however, more  frequently applied to
the Anatomy of the Tissues, which is called, also,
 Tex'tural  and  Microscop'ic Anatomy,  Micrano-
tom'ia, see Histology.   Descriptive Anatomy has
been divided  into  Skeletal'ogy, which comprises
 Osteology and Syntlesmol'ogy ; and into Sarcol-
ogy, which is subdivided into Myology,  Neurol-
ogy, Angiol'ogy, Adenol'ogy, Splanchnology, and
Dermology. Sur'gical An at'omy, Midieo-Chirttrqi-
cal Anat'omy, Topograph'icalAnat'omy, Re'gional
Anat'omy, (F.) Anatomie Chirur-gieale, A. des Re-
gions, is the particular and relative  study of the
bones, muscles, nerves, vessels, etc., with which
it is  indispensable to  be acquainted before per-
forming operations.   Comparative  Anat'omy is
the comparative study of each organ, with a view
to  an acquaintance with the modifications of its
structure in different  animals or in the  different
classes of animals.  Transcendent'al or Philosoph-
ical Anatomy inquires into  the  mode,  plan, or
model upon which the animal frame or organs
are formed; and Artifi'cial Anat'omy is the art
of  modelling and representing, in wax  or other
substance, the different organs or different parts
of the human body, in the sound or diseased state.
Phytot'omy is  the anatomy of  vegetables,  and
Picto'rial Anatomy,  anatomy artistically illus-
trated.
   Anatomy, see Skeleton—a. Artificial, see Ana-
tomy—a. Comparative, see Anatomy, Zootomy—■
a.  Descriptive,  see Anatomy — a. Forensic, see
Anatomy—a. General,  see Anatomy—a. Human,
see Anatomy—a. of Man, see Anatomy—a. Me-
dico-Chirurgical, see Anatomy—a.  Microscopic,
see Anatomy—a. Morbid, see Anatomy—a. Path-
ological,  see Anatomy—a. Pathological, micros-
copic, see Histology—a. Philosophical,  see Ana-
tomy—a. Physiological, see Anatomy—a. Picto-
rial, see Anatomy—a. Practical, see Dissection—
a. Regional, see Anatomy—a. Surgical, see Ana-
tomy—a.  Textural, see Anatomy—a.  Topogra-
phical,  see Anatomy — a.  Transcendental, see
Anatomy—a. Veterinary,  see Anatomy.
   ANATON, Soda.
   ANATREPSIS, Restauratio.
   ANATRESIS, Perforation, Trepanning.
   ANATRIBE. Friction.
   ANATRIPSIS.  Friction.
   ANATRIPSOL'OGY,  Anatripsolog"ia, Ana-
trivtolog"ia, from  avarpt^is, 'friction,' and Xoyos,
'a  discourse'   A  treatise  on friction  as a  re-
medy.
  ANATRIPTOLOGIA, Anatripsology.
  ANATRON,_Natrum, Soda.
  ANAT'ROPE, from ava, 'upwards,' and rptnta,
'I turn.'   Subversion.   A  turning or  subver-
sion  or  inverted action of the stomach, charac-
terized by nausea, vomiting, etc — Galen.   We
still  speak of  the stomach turning against any
thing.
  ANAUDIA, Catalepsy, Mutitas.
  ANAXYRIS, Rumex acetosa.
  ANAZESIS, Ebullition.
  ANAZOTURIA, see Urine.
  ANCHA, Haunch.
  ANCHILOPS, JEgilops.
  ANCHONE, Angone.
  ANCHORALIS  PROCESSUS, Coracoid.
  ANCHUSA ANGUSTIFOLIA,  A.  Officinalis
—a.  Incarnata, A. Officinalis—a. Lycopsoides, A.
Officinalis.
  Anchu'sa  Officinalis, A.  Angustifo'lia seu
Incarna'ta  seu  LycopsoVdes,  A/ca'na,  Lingua
Bovis, Buglos'sum sylves'tre, Offic"inal or Garden
Al'kanet or Bugloss, (Old Eng ) Langdebef;  Ord.
Boragineas.   Sex. Syst.  Pentandria Monogynia.
(F.)  Buglose.  A native of Great Britain.  The
herb was formerly esteemed  as  a cordial in me-
lancholia and hypochondriasis;  but  it is  now
rarely used.  It is also called Bvglos'sa,  Buglos'-
sum  anguslifo'Hum majus, B. vulga're majtts, B.
sati'vum.   *
  Anchu'sa Tincto'ria, Alean'na spn'ria, Dyer's
Bugloss, Ane'bium, Buglos'sum  Tincto'rum, Li-
thosper'mum villo'sum, Dyer's Al'kanet,  (F.) Or-
eanette.   A European plant.  The medical pro-
perties  are equivocal.  It is  used to give a beau-
tiful red colour to ointments.
  ANCHYLOSIS, Ankylosis.
  ANCISTRON, Hamulus.
  ANCLE, Astragalus, Malleolus.
  ANCLER, Malleolus.
  ANCLET,  Malleolus.
  ANCLIFF, Malleolus.
  ANCLOWE, Malleolus.
  ANCOLIE, Aquilegia vulgaris.
  ANCON, Elbow, Olecranon.
  ANCONAD, see Anconal Aspect.
  ANCONAGRA, Pechyagra.
  ANCO'NAL, from  ayKurv, 'the elbow.'  Rela-
ting, or  appertaining to the elbow or the olecranon.
  Anconal Aspect.  An aspect towards the side
on which the  ancon or elbow is situated.—Bar-
clay. Anco'nad is  used  by the same writer ad-
verbially, to signify 'towards the anconal aspect.'
  ANCONE, Anconeus.
  ANCONE'US, from ayKtav, 'the elbow.' A term
once applied  to every muscle attached to the ole-
cranon.   Winslow distinguished four—the great,
external, internal, and small; the first three being
portions of the same muscle, the triceps brachia-
ls.  The last has, alone, retained the name.  It
is the Ancone'us  minor of Winslow, the Ancone'us
seu Cubita'lis Riola'ni of Douglas, the Epicon-
dylo-Cuhita'lis of Chaussier, the Brevis Cu'biti,
(P.) Ancone, and is situate at the upper and back
part of  the fore-arm.  It arises from the external
condyle of the os humeri, and  is  inserted into
the posterior edge of the upper third of the  ulna.
Its use  is to aid in the extension of the fore-arm.
  Anconeus  Externus,  see  Triceps  extensor
cubiti—a. Internus,  see Triceps extensor cubiti
—a. Major, see Triceps extensor cubiti.
  ANCTE'RES.  Fibula or Clasps  by which
the  lips of wounds were formerly kept together.
—Celsus, Galen.
  ANCTERIASMUS, Infibulation.
  ANCU'BITUS,  Petrifac'tio.   An affection of
the eye, in which there is a sensation as if sand
were irritating the organ. 
ANCUNNUENTJE
60
A NE M 0 NE DES  BO IS
  ANCUNNUEN'T.E.  A name formerly given
to menstruating females.
  ANCIIS, Ankus, from ayKurv, 'the elbow.'  One
who cannot extend his arms completely.
  Also,  the deformity resulting  from a luxation
of the humerus or fore-arm.—Hippocrates.
  ANCYLE. Ankylosis.
  ANKYLOBLEPHARON, Ankyloblepharon.
  ANCYLOCHEILIA, Ankylocheilia.
  ANCYLOCOLPUS, Colpatresia.
  AXCYLOCORE, Ankylocore.
  ANOYLODERE. Torticollis.
  ANCYLODERIS, Torticollis.
  ANCYLODONTIA, Ankylodontia.
  ANCYLOGLOSSIA, Ankyloglossia.
  ANCYLOMELE, Ankylomele.
  ANCYLOMERISMUS, Ankylomerismus.
  ANCYLORRIIINIA, Ankylorrhinia.
  ANCYLOSIS, Ankylosis.
  ANCYLOTIA. Ankylotia.
  ANCYLOTOMUS, Ankylotomus.
  ANCYRA. Hook.
  ANCYROID CAVITY, Digital cavity.
  ANCYROIDES PROCESSUS, Coracoid.
  AND, Breath.
  ANDA.  Native name of  a  tree of Brazil—
Anda Gorne'sii seu Brasilien'sis seu  de Pison,
Antlnssu,  Anda-acu,  Joanne1sia  princeps.   Ord.
Euphorbiaceas.   Sex. Syst.  Monoscia Monadel-
phia.   An oil—Oil of Anda — is obtained  from
the seeds by pressure, 50  to  60 drops of which
act as  a  cathartic.  The  fruit  is  an  oval nut,
containing two seeds.  These have the taste of
the chestnut;  but are  strongly cathartic, and
even  emetic.  The  shell  is  astringent,  and is
used as such in diarrhoea, etc.
   ANDE, Breath.
   ANDELY,  MINERAL WATERS  OF.  An-
dely is  in France, near Gysore, and eight leagues
from Rouen.  The water is cold, and a weak cha-
lybeate.  It is used  in chlorosis and  abdominal
obstructions.
   ANDERSON'S PILLS,  see  Pilulas Aloes et
Jalapae.
   ANDIRA IBAT, Geoffrasa Vermifuga—a. In-
ermis, Geoffrasa inermis—a. Racemosa, Geoffrasa
inermis—a. Surinamensis, Geoffrasa Surinamen-
sis.
   ANDRACHAHARA, Sempervivura tectorum.
   ANDRACHNE, Arbutus unedo, Portulaca.
   ANDRALOGOMELE,  from  avnp,  avipos,  'a
man,' a, priv., Xoyos, 'reason,' and priXov, 'a do-
mestic  animal.'   A name given  by Malacarne to
a monster in which he supposed the presence of
the body of a man with the limbs of a brute.
   ANDRANATOM'IA,  Andranat'ome,  Andro-
 tnm'ia,  Androt'ome,   Anthropot'omy,  from  avrjp,
genitive  avipos,  '& man,' and  rcpveiv, 'to cut.'
 The anatomy of  man.
   ANDRI'A.  Adult age.  Manhood.
   Andri'a  Mu'lier, Mulier Hermaphrodit'ica.
 A female hermaphrodite.
   ANDROGEN'IA,fromavi7p, avipos, 'a man,'and
 ytveats, 'generation.'  The procreation of males.
 —Hippocrates.
   ANDROG"YNUS, from avvp, avtrpos, 'a  man,'
 and  yvvn, 'a  woman.'  A  hermaphrodite. An
 effeminate person.—Hippocrates.
   ANDROLEPSIA, Conception.
   ANDROMANIA,  Nymphomania.
   ANDROM'EDA  ARBO'REA,   Sorrel  Tree,
 S'»tr  Tree, Sour Wood, Elk  Tree,  Elk Wood,
 Sorrel  Wood, Sour Leaf (F.) Andromede, Andro-
 medier.  A small indigenous tree;  Ord. Erica-
 ceae, Sex. Syst. Decandria Monogynia; found in
 the Alleghany mountains and  the hills and val-
 leys  diverging from them, as far as the southern
 limits of Georgia and Alabama; but seldom north
 of Virginia.   The sour leaves are refrigerent and
astringent, and have been used to make a kind
of lemonade, which has been given in fevers.
  Ardromeda  Maria'na,  Broad-leaved  Moor-
wort,  Kill-lamb, Lamb  Killer, Stagger-bush.  A
decoction of this American plant  is said to havo
been successfully employed as a wash, in  a dis-
agreeable affection—not uncommon amongst the
slaves in the southern parts of the United  States
—called the Toe Itch,  and Ground Itch.—Burton.
  Andromeda  Nit'ida,  Sourwood, Sorrel tree,
indigenous;  has properties similar to  those of

  ANDROPOGON BICORNIS, Junctus odoratus
—a. Calamus aromaticus, see Oleum graminis In-
dici—a. Citratus, Junctus odoratus—a. Citriodo-
rus, Junctus odoratus, Nardus Indiea.
  Andropo'gon Murica'tus,  (avrip,  avipos, 'a
man,'  and   rroryurv,  'a beard.')  A. squarro'sus,
Phalaris zizanoi'des,  Agros'tis verticil/a'ta, Ana-
the'rum murica'lum, Vetive'ria odora'ta,  1 ittie-
vayr, Cusdus, Khus-Khus; Nat. Ord. Gramineas.
The root of this plant, from Bombay, is aromatio
and bitterish.   It is used as a perfume.  It has
been used as an excitant and diaphoretic
  Andropogon Nardus, Calamus Alexandrinus,
Nardus Indiea—a. Schcenanthus, Junctus odora-
tus—a. Squarrosus, A. Muricatus.
  ANDROSACE,  Umbilicus  marinus—a.  Mat-
thioli,  Umbilicus marinus.
  ANDROSJEMUM, Hypericum perforatum.
  ANDROTOMY, Andranatomia.
  ANDRUM.  An  East India  word,  latinized
by  Kasmpfer, signifying  a  kind of elephantiasis
of the  scrotum, endemic in southern Asia.
  ANEANTISSEMENT (F.),  Vir-'ium extinc'-
tio.  This word is often employed hyperbolically,
by patients in France, to signify excessive fatigue,
debility or syncope.
  ANEBIUM, Anchusa tinctoria.
  ANEBUS, Impuber.
  ANECPYE'TUS, from av, for  avev, 'without,'
and itveta, ' I promote  suppuration.'   That which
does not suppurate, or is not likely to suppurate.
  ANEGER'TICA, from aveyctpor (ava and eycipw),
'I  awaken.'  The art of resuscitating the appa-
rently dead.
  ANEILE'MA, Aneile'sis, from avetXeo (ava and
tiXeta),  ' I roll up.'  Applied particularly to the
motion of air in the  intestines and the tormina
accompanying it.—Hippocrates.
   ANEILESIS, Aneilema.
   ANEMIA, Anaemia.
   ANEMO'NE, Wind Flower: from avepos, 'the
wind,' because it does not open its flowers until
blown upon by the wind.
   ANEMONE DES BOIS, Anemone nemorosa.
   Anemone Collina, A. Pulsatilla—a. Hepatica,
Hepatica triloba—a. Intermedia, A. Pulsatilla.
   Anemone Ludoviciana, A. patens.
   Anemo'ne Nemoro'sa, Ranun'culus albus seu
nemero'sus,  Wood Anemo'ny.  (F.)  Anemone des
bois.   Ord. Ranunculaceas. The herb and flowers
are poisonous, acrid,  and corrosive.  They have
been used as rubefacients.
   Anemo'ne Patens, A. Ludovicia'na, Pulsatil-
 la  patens;  indigenous:  from  Illinois  and Wis-
 consin to the Rocky Mountains, is  supposed  to
 possess similar properties.
   Anemo'ne Praten'sis, A. Sylves'tris, Pulsatil-
 la  nigricans seu praten'sis.  This  plant has si-
 milar  properties with the last   It  is also called
 Meadow Anemony, (F.)  Pulsatille  noire,  P. des
 pres.
   Anemo'ne Pulsatilla, A. Col/i'na seu Inter-
 media seu Praten'sis  seu Rubra, Pulsatilla
 vulgaris, Herba ventis, Nola  culina'ria, Pasque
 flower, (F.)Coqnelottrde, possesses like properties.
   Anemone Rubra, A. Pratensis—a. Rue-leaved, 
ANEMONY                61                ANEURISM
Thalietrum  anemonoides—a. Sylvestris, A. Pra-
te li sis.
  ANEMONY, Anemone hepatica — a. Meadow,
Anemone pratensis—a.Wood, Anemone nemorosa.
  AN EM OS, Wind.
  ANENCEPHALIA, see Anencephalus.
  ANENCEPHALOHJE'MIA,from av, privative,
tyKctpiiXos, 'encephalon,'and atpa,  ' blood.'   De-
fect of blood in the brain.   Syncope.
  ANENCEPHALONEU'RIA,    Anencephalo-
ner-'via, from  av, priv.,  tyKeipaXos,  'encephalon,'
and  vevpov,  ' nerve.'  Want of nervous action in
the encephalon.
  ANENCEPHALOTROPH'IA, from av, priva-
tive, tyKeipaXos, ' the encephalon,' and rpotpn, 'nou-
rishment.'  Atrophy of the encephalon.
  ANENCEPII'ALUS,  from av,  privative,  and
tyKeipaXos, 'brain.'   A monster devoid of brain.
—Bonetus,  G. St. Hilaire.  Also, one that has a
part only of the brain ;—Paraceph'alus. The con-
dition has been  called Anencephalia.  A weak,
silly person.—Hippocrates.
  ANENERGESIA, Debility.
  ANENERGrA, Debility.
  ANENTERONER VIE SATURNINE, see
Palsy, lead.
  ANEPISCHESIS, Incontinentia.
  ANEPITHYM'IA, from av, priv., and cmSvuta,
'desire'  Many nosologists have used this word
for a loss of the  appetites, as of those of hunger,
thirst, venery, Ac.
  Anepithymia  Chlorosis, Chlorosis.
  ANER, avnp, genitive avipos.  A man.
  ANERETHIS'IA,  Inirritabilitas,  from av,
priv., and eptdtats,  'irritability.' Defect of irrita-
bility.—Swediaur.
  ANER VISMIE, Paralysis.
  ANERYTHROP'SIA, from av,  priv., epvSpos,
'red,'and ox^ts, 'vision.'  Defective vision, which
consists in an incapability of distinguishing red.
  ANESIS, Remission.
  ANESTHESIE, Anassthesia.
  ANESTHESIE EXTATIQUE.  The aggre-
gate of phenomena of impaired feeling produced
especially by the  manipulations  of  the  animal
magnetizer.—Andral.
  ANESTHETIC,  Anaesthetic.
  ANESTHESIQUE, Ansesthetic
  ANESTHETIZATION, Anassthetization.
  ANESON, Anethum.
  ANESUM,  Pimpinella anisum.
  ANET, Anethum.
  ANETH, Anethum graveolens.
  ANE'THUM,  Ane'son, Ane'ton, Ane'thum Fce-
nic'ulum seu  Sege'tum seu  Piperi'tum, Foenic'u-
lum, F. Dulce  seu Officinale seu vulga're, Ligus'-
ticum fcpnic'ulttm, Fan'culurn, Fennel or Finckle,
Mar'athrum, Anct, Sweet Fennel, (Prov.) Spingel,
(F.) Fenouil ou  Anis doux.  Ord. Umbelliferas.
Sex. Syst. Pentandria Digynia.  The fruit, Fce-
nic'ulum (Ph. II. S.), has an aromatic odour, and
warm, sweetish  taste. It is carminative.  The oil
—Oleum Fcenic'uli—is officinal in the Ph. U. S.
The root is  said to  be pectoral  and diuretic.
  Anethum E<eniculum, Anethum.
  Anethum Graveolens, Anethum, A. horten'se,
Pastina'ca Anethum seu  Graveolens, Per'ula Gra-
veolens, Dill, (F.) Aneth, Fenouil puant.  A na-
tive of the south of Europe.   The seeds are sti-
mulant and carminative.   A  distilled water —
Aqua ane'thi, Dill-water—is officinal in the Lon-
don  and Edinburgh  Pharmacopoeias.   Dose, gr.
xv to ,^.j.
   Oleum Ane'thi, Oil of  Dill, (F.) Hitile dAneth,
possesses the  carminative properties of the plant.
   Anethum Pastinaca, Pastinaca Sativa — a.
Piperitum, Anethum—a. Segetum, Anethum.
  ANET ICUS, Anodyne.
  ANETON, Anethum.
  ANETUS, Intermittent fever — a. Quartanus,
Quartan—a. Quotidianus, Quotidian — a. Tertia-
nus, Tertian fever.
  ANEURAL'GICON, from  a, privative, vevpov,
'nerve,' and aXyos, 'pain.' A name given by Dr.
C. T. Downing to an instrument used by him to
allay pain in nerves.  It is a kind of fumigating
apparatus,  in which dried  narcotic and other
herbs are burnt, the heated vapour being directed
to any part of the body.
  ANEURIA, Paralysis.
  AN'EURISM, Aneurys'ma,Aneurys'mus, Aneu-
ris'rna, Cedma, from avevpvvetv, (ava, and cvpvmv,)
'to dilate  or distend.'  Dilata'tio Artec in'rum,
Ecta'sia, Emborys'ma, Exangi'a aneuris'ma, Ar-
terieurys'ma,  Artereurys'ma, Hamatoce'le  arte-
rio'sa, Absces'sus spirituo'sus, Arteriec'tasis,  (F.)
AnSvrysme, Aneurisme.  Properly, Aneurism sig-
nifies a tumour, produced by the dilatation of an
artery ; but it has been extended to various lesions
of arteries, as well as to dilatations of the heart.
  There  are various kinds of aneurism.   The fol-
lowing are the chief:
  I. When the blood, which forms the tumour, is
enclosed within the dilated  coats of the artery.
This is  the  true Aneurism, Aneurys'ma verum,
Hernia Arteria'rum, (F.) Anevrysme vrai.
  II.  When  the blood  has escaped from  the
opened  artery, it  is called  spurious or false
Aneurism, Aneuris'ma spu'rium, Ruptu'ra Arte'-
ria, Arteriorrhex'is, Arteriodial'ysis,  Ecchyrno'-
ma arterio'sum, (F.) Anevrysme faux.  The latter
is divided into three varieties :
  1.  Diffused Fahe Aneurism,  (F.) Anevrysme
faux, primitif, diffus, noncirconscrit ou par infil-
tration, which occurs immediately after the divi-
sion or rupture of an artery, and consists of an
extravasation of blood into the areolar  texture
of the part.
  2.  Circumscribed False Aneurism, (F.) Anev-
rysme faux cousecutif, circonscrit ou par epanche-
ment, enkyste ou sacciforme, tumeur hernorrhagiale
circonscrite, in which the  blood issues from the
vessel some  time after the receipt of the wound,
and forms itself a sac in the neighbouring areolar
membrane.
  3. An'eurism by Anastomo'sis,  Var'icose or  Cir-
coid An'eurism, Phlebarteriodialysis, Aneurys'-
ma  veno'so-arterio'sum, A. varico'sum, (F.) Anev-
rysme par anastomose ou variqueux, A. par  Ero-
sion, A. de Pott, A. des plus petites arteres, which
arises from the simultaneous wounding of an ar-
tery and vein; — the arterial blood passing  into
the vein, and producing a varicose state of it.
  III. Mixed Aneurism, (F.) Anevrysmernixte,is
that which arises from the dilatation of one or two
of the coats, with  division or rupture of the other.
Some authors have made two varieties of this:
  1. Mixed external Aneurism, where the internal
and middle coats are ruptured, and the areolar is
dilated.
  2. Mixed internal Aneurism, in which the inter-
nal coat is  dilated, and protrudes, like a hernial
sac, through the ruptured middle and outer coats.
This variety has been called Aneurys'ma Her'niam
Arte'ria sistens.
  Aneurisms have been termed traumat'ic or ex-
og"enous, and spontaneous, according as they may
have been caused  by a wound, or have originated
spontaneously. The latter, when originating from
lesions of the inner coats of arteries, have  been
termed  endog"enous.  They have also been di-
vided into internal and external.
  The internal aneurisms are situate in the great
splanchnic  cavities, and occur in the  heart  and
great vessels of the chest, abdomen, Ac  Their
diagnosis is difficult, and they are often  inacces-
sible to surgical treatment. 
ANEURISMA              6
   The external aneurisms are situate at the exte-
rior of the  head, neck, and limbs, and are  dis-
tinctly pulsatory.
   Aneurisms, especially  the  internal,  may be
combated by a debilitant  treatment, on the plan
of Valsalva, which consists in repeated blood-
letting, with food enough  merely  to support life.
In external  aneurism, the artery can  be oblite-
rated.  This is usually done by applying a liga-
ture above the aneurismal tumour.
   Aneurism, Dissecting, is one in which, owing
to rupture of the inner and middle  coats of an
artery, the blood makes itself a channel between
these coats and  the outer coat.
   In many cases, the lesion appears to consist in
a separation of the laminae of the middle  coat,
between which the blood forms itself a channel.
   Aneurisms of TriE Heart, Cardion'chi, Car-
dieurys'ma, (F.) Anevrysmes du cosur, have been
divided into active and passive.  The former can
scarcely be esteemed  aneurisms, as  they  most
commonly consist of increased thickness of the
parietes of the heart, which diminishes its cavity
instead of increasing it.   The  term Hypertrophy
of the heart  better indicates their  character.
Passive aneurism, Cardiec'tasis, on the contrary,
is attended with extenuation  of the parietes of
the organ, and enlargement of the cavities.  The
physical signs of dilatation of the heart are the
following:—The action of the heart is not visible,
and no impulse is conveyed to the  hand.   On
percussion, there is a  loss of resonance over a
larger surface than usual, but the dulness is much
less intense than that which accompanies hyper-
trophy.   On auscultation, the action of the heart
is only slightly  felt, and communicates at once
the impression of its diminished power.  The im-
pulse is feebler than usual.  Both sounds are widely
transmitted over the thorax, and are not much
fainter at a distance from  their point of origin.
   Partial or true aneurism of the  Heart—Cardi-
ec'tasis partia'lis, Aneurys'ma  consecuti'vum cor-
dis—is sometimes seen ; rarely, however.
   The name Aneurism of the Valves of the Heart
has been  given to pouch-like  projections of the
valves into the auricles.
   Aneurism by Anastomosis, see Aneurism —
a.  Brasdor's operation  for, see  Brasdor — a.
Circoid,  see Aneurism — a.  Endogenous,   see
Aneurism,  and  Endogenous — a.  Exogenous,
see  Aneurism, and  Exogenous — a. External,
see  Aneurism — a. False,  see  Aneurism — a.
False, circumscribed, see Aneurism — a. False,
diffused, see Aneurism—a. Internal, see Aneurism
—a. Mixed, see Aneurism—a. Mixed, external,
see Aneurism—a. Mixed, internal, see Aneurism
—a. Spontaneous, see Aneurism—a. Spurious, see
Aneurism—a. Traumatic, see Aneurism—a. True,
see Aneurism—a. Valsalva's method of treating,
see Aneurism—a. Varicose, see Aneurism.
   ANEURISMA, Aneurism.
   ANEURIS'MAL, Aneurys'mal, Aneurismalic,
Aneurysmal icus, Aneurisma'lis.  That which be-
longs to Aneurism.
   Aneurismal Sac or  Cyst, (F.) Sac ou Kyste
anSvrysmal, is a sort of pouch, formed by the
dilatation of the coats of an artery, in which the
blood, forming the  aneurismal tumour, is  con-
tained.
  ANEURISMATIC, Aneurismal.
  ANEURYSM, Aneurism.
  ANEURYSM A, Aneurism—a. Cordis activum,
Heart, hypertrophy of the — a, Herniam arteries
sistens, see Aneurism—a. Spurium, see Aneurism
— a. Varicosum, see Aneurism — a. Venoso-arte-
riosutn, see Aneurism—a.  Verum, see  Aneurism.
  ANEURYSME, Aneurism.
  ANEURYSMUS, Aneurism, Dilatation.
  ANEVRIA, Paralysis.
ANGEIOPLANIA
  ANEVRYSME,  Aneurism — a.  de PAor-tc,
Aorteurysma — a. de Pott, see Aneurism—a. tics
pluspetites Arteres, see Aneurism—a. Cir-conscrit,
see Aneurism — a.  Diffus, see Aneurism—a. En-
kyste, see Aneurism — a. Faux, see  Aneurism —
a.  Faux consicutif, see  Aneurism—a. Mixtc, see
Aneurism—a. par- Anastomose, see Aneurism—a,
par Epanchement,  see Aneurism—a. par Erosion,
see Aneurism—a. par Infiltration, see Aneurism
—a. Prim it if, see  Aneurism—a. Sacciforme, ±ee
Aneurism—a. Variqueux, see Aneurism—a.  Yrai,
see Aneurism.
  ANEYS, see Pimpinella anisum.
  ANFION, Maslach.      ,  ,
  ANFRACTUOSITES CEREBRALES, An-
fractuosities, cerebral — a. Ethmo'idales, see An-
fractuosity.
  ANFRACTUOS'ITY, Anfrac'tus, Sulcus, from
am, 'around,'  nn<lfrungere,fractum, 'to break.'
A groove or furrow.  Used in  anatomy to signify
sinuous depressions  or  sulci, of greater or less
depth, like  those which separate the  convolutions
of the brain from each other.   These
  Anfractuosities, Cerebral, Anfrac'tus  Cer'-
ebri, (F.) Anfractuosites Cerebrates, are always
narrow, and deeper  at the  upper surface of the
brain  than  at its base;  and  are lined by a pro-
longation of the pia mater.
  The Ethmoid Cells are, sometimes, called An-
fractuosites ethmo'idales.
  ANFRACTUS, Anfractuosity—a. Cerebri, An-
fractuosities,  (cerebral.)
  ANGECTASIA, Angiectasis.
  ANGEIAL, Vascular.
  ANGEIECTASIA, Angiectasis.
  ANGEIECTASIS, Angiectasis.
  ANGEIECTOMA, Angiectasis.
  ANGEIOG'RAPIIY,  Angiog'raphy,  Angeio-
graph'ia, from ayyuov, ' a vessel,' and ypaipn, ' a
description.'  The  anatomy of the vessels.
  ANGEIOHYDROG'RAPHY,   Angiohydrocf-
raphy, Angeiondrog'raphy, Angeiohydrogra'phia,
Hydrangiograph'ia,from ayyeiov, 'a vessel,' 'viurp,
'water,' and ypatpor, 'I describe.'  A treatise on
the lymphatics.
  ANGEIOHYDROT'OMY,   Angiohydrot'omy,
Angeiondrolomy,  Angeioh.ydrotom'ia, Hydran-
giotom'ia, from ayyeiov, ' a vessel,' 'viurp, ' water,'
and rtpviiv, ' to cut.' Dissection of the lymphatics.
  ANGEIOLEUCI'TIS, Angioleuci'tis,  Angio-
lymphi'tis,  Lymphange'i'tis,  Lymphangitis,  Lym-
phangioi''tis, Hydrange'i'tis, Lyrnphi'tis, Lymplia-
ti'tis, Infiamma'tio vaso'rum lymphatico'ruiu, from
ayyeiov,' a vessel,' XtvKos, ' white,' and itis, inflam-
mation. (F.) Inflammation des vaisseaux lympha-
tiques ou des tissus blancs.  Inflammation of  the
lymphatics; lymphatic  or scrofulous inflamma-
tion.
  ANGEIOL'OGY,  Angiology,  Angeiolog" ia,
from ayyeiov, 'a vessel,' and Xoyos, 'a discourse.'
A  discourse on the vessels.   The anatomy of the
vessels.   It  includes Arteriology,  Phlebology,
and Angeiohydrology.
  ANGEIOMALA'CIA,  Angiomala'cia,   from
ayyeiov, ' a  vessel,' and paXaKta, ' softening.' Mol-
lescence or softening of  vessels.
  ANGEIOMYCES, Hasmatodes  fungus
  ANGEION, Vessel.
  ANGEIONDROGRAPHY, Angeiohydrogra-
phy-
  ANGEIONDROTOMY, Angeiohydrotomy.
  ANGEIONOSUS, Angeiopathia.
  ANGEIONUSUS, Angeiopathia.
  ANGEIOPATHI'A,  Angiopathi'a,  Angeion'-
osns, Angeionu'sus, Angio'sis, from  ayyeiov, '  a
vessel,' and -saBos,  'a disease.'   Disease  of the
vessels.
  ANGEI0PLA'NIA,A)io7O2>Za'/n'a, fromaw£<0v, 
ANGEIOPLEROSIS
63
ANGINA
 a vessel,'  and nXavr,,  'error.'   Anomaly in the
structure and distribution of vessels.
  ANGEIOPLEROSIS, Plethora.
  ANGELOPYRA, Synocha.
  ANGEIORRHAGIA, Hasmorrbagia activa.
  ANGEIORRIIOZ'A,  Angiorrhce'a,  (F.)  An-
geiorrhie; from  ayyeiov,  'a vessel,' and peur, 'I
flow.'   Piissive hemorrhage.
  ANGEIOSIS,  Angiosis.
  ANGEIOSTEGNOSIS, Angiemphraxis.
  ANGEIOSTENOSIS, Angiemphraxis.
  AN'GEIOSTEO'SIS, Angiosto'sis from ayyeiov,
'a vessel,'and oarewots, 'ossification.'   Ossifica-
tion of vessels.
  ANGEIOSTROPHE, see Torsion.
  ANGEIOTELECTASIA, Telangiectasia.
  ANGEIOT'OMY,  Angiot'omy,  Angeiotom'ia,
from  ayyeiov,  'a vessel,' and  repvetv, 'to  cut.'
Dissection of  vessels.
  ANGEI'TIS, AngiVtis, Angioi'tis, Inflamma'-
tio  vaso'rum, (F.) Angeite, from ayyaov, 'a vessel,'
and itis, denoting  inflammation.   Inflammation
of vessels in general.
  ANGEL-BREAD.  A  kind of purgative cake,
formerly made of spurge, ginger, flour  and oat-
meal.—Halliwell.
  ANGELIC ROOT, Angelica lucida.
  ANGEL'ICA,  Angelica Archangelica seu
Hispa'na  seu  Sati'va,  Archangelica  officinalis,
Gareien Angelica, (F.) Ange'liqite, Racine de Saint
Esprit.  So called  from its supposed angelic vir-
tues.  Ord. Umbelliferae.  Sex. Syst. Pentandria
Digynia.   Native of Lapland.  The roots,  stalk,
leaves, and seed, are aromatic  and carminative.
A  sweetmeat  is  made  of  the root,  which  is
agreeable.
  Angelica Archangelica, Angelica.
   Angelica  Atropurpu'rea,  Angelica   (Ph.
U. S.), Masterwort.  An indigenous species, grow-
ing over  the whole United States, and admitted
into the secondary list of the Pharmacopoeia of
the United States.  Virtues,  same as  those of
the  Angelica of Europe.
   Angelica Levisticum, Ligusticum  levisticum.
   AvGELICA  Lu'ciDA, Angelic root, Bellyache
root, Nendo, White root, an indigenous plant, the
root of which is  bitterish, sub-acrid,  fragrant,
aromatic, stomachic, and  tonic  Also, Ligusticum
actasifolium.
   Angelica Nendo, Ligusticum actasifolium.
   Angelica Officinalis, Imperatoria—a.  Palu-
dapifolia, Ligusticum  levisticum—a. Sativa, An-
gelica, A.  sylvestris.
   Angelica  Sylves'tris, A.  sati'va,  Scli'num
 Sylres'tre seu Angelica  seu Pubes'cens, Impera-
to'ria  Sylves'tris seu Angelica,  Wild Angelica,
 (F.) Angeliqite sauvage.  Possesses similar pro-
perties to the last, but in  an inferior degree.  The
seeds, powdered  and put into the  hair,  are  used
to destroy lice.   Also, Ligusticum  podagraria.
   Angelica Tree,  Aralia spinosa.
   ANGELI'NJE  CORTEX.   The  bark  of   a
Grenada  tree, which has been recommended as
anthelmintic and cathartic.
   ANGELIQUE, Angelica—a. Sauvage, Angel-
ica sylvestris.
   ANGELOCACOS, Myrobalanus.
   ANGEMPIIRAXIS, Angiemphraxis.
   AXGIAIRHYDRIE,  Asphyxia by  submer-
sion.          ,
   ANGIARHEMIE, Haemoptysis.
   ANGIARRHAGIE. Haemoptysis.
   ANG1HROMELMINTHIE,  Worms  (intes-
tinal).
   ANGICHOLOLITHE, Calculi,  biliary.
   ANGIDIECTASTA. Trichangiectasia.
   ANGIDIOSPONG US, Hiematodes  fuDgus.
   ANGIECTASIA VENOSA, Varix.
   ANGIECTASIS,  Angeiecta'sia,  Arrgecta'sia,
 Angieurys'ma, Ant/eiecto'ma, Angioitias'tasis. from
 ayyeiov, 'a vessel,' and eKraats, ' dilatation.' Dila-
 tation  of vessels. —Grafe and  Alibert.   See
 Telangiectasia.
   ANGIEMPHRAX'IS, Angemphrax'is, Angei-
 osteno'sis, Angeiostegno'sis, from ayyeiov, ' a  ves-
 sel,' and  ep<ppai,is, ' obstruction.'  Obstruction of
 vessels.
   ANGIEURYSMA, Angiectasis.
   ANGIITE, Inflammation, Angeitis.
   ANGIITIS, Angeitis.
   ANGI'NA, Febris Angino'sa, Jsthmi'tis, Quin-
 sy or Sore  Throat;  from angere, 'to  choke.'
 Inflammation of the supra-diapbragmatic portion
 of the alimentary canal, and of the air passages.
 The Latin writers applied the  term to every dis-
 ease in  which  deglutition or respiration, sepa-
 rately or united, was affected, provided  that such
 affection  was above the stomach  and  lungs.—
 Boerhave speaks of the angina of the moribund,
 which is nothing more than the  dysphagia or
 difficult  deglutition  preceding death.  See  Cy-
 nanche.
   Angina Aphthosa, Aphthas—a. Aquosa, Oede-
 ma of the glottis—a.  Bronchialis, Bronchitis—a.
 Canina, Cynanehe trachealis—a. Cordis, Angina
 pectoris—a. cum  Tumore, Cynanehe tonsillaris—
 a. Epidemica,  Cynanehe maligna—a. Epiglot-
 tidea, Epiglottitis—a. Erysipelatosa, Erythranche
 a. Exsudatoria,Cynanehe trachealis—a. Externa,
 Cynanehe parotidaea—a. Faucium, Isthmitis—a.
 Faucium Maligna, Cynanehe maligna—a. Folli-
 culosa of the pharynx, Pharyngitis, follicular—
 a. Gangraenosa,  Cynanehe maligna—a. Humida,
 Cynanehe trachealis—a. Inflammatoria,  Cynan-
 ehe,  Cynanehe trachealis—a.  Laryngea,  Laryn-
 gitis—-a.  Laryngea   ffidematosa, Oideina of the
 glottis—a. Linguaria, Glossitis—a. Maligna,  An-
 gina pellicularis, Cynanehe maligna, Pharyngitis,
 diphtheritic—a. Maxillaris, Cynanehe pnrotida-a,
 — a.  Membranacca,  Cynanehe  trachealis—a.
 Mitis, Isthmitis.
   Angi'na Nasa'lis, Nasi'tis posti'ca.  An in-
 flammation of the posterior portion of the Schnei-
 derian membrane lining the nose.  Also, Coryza.
   Angi'na  GSdemato'sa,  (F.) Angine vedema-
 teuse, O-Jileme de la Glotte.  An oedematous swell-
 ing of the glottis, the effect of chronic  cynanehe
 laryngea.  See GSdema of the Glottis.
   Angina Palatina, Hyperoitis—a. Paralytica,
 Pharyngoplegia—a.  Parotidaea Externa,  Cynan-
 ehe parotidasa.
   Angi'na  Pec'toris,  A. cordis,  Sternalgia,
 Asthma spastico-arthril icum incon'stans,  Asthma
 diaphragmat'icum,   Arthritis  diaphragmatica,
 Orthopnoe'a  cardi'aca, Sternodyn'ia sr/ncop'tica
 et pal])itans, S.  syncopa'lis, Cardiog'rnus cordis
 sinis'tri,  Astheni'a  pectora'lis, Angor  pec'toris,
 Stcnocar'dia, Diaphragmat'ic gout, Asthma  con-
 vulsi'vitm, Asthma artlniticum, Cardioneuralgia,
 Neuralgia   brachiothorac"ica,  Hyperasthe'siu,
 plexus cardi'aci, A. dolorif icum, Syncope angi-
 no'sa seu augens, Cardiod'yne spasmod'ica inter-
 mit'tens,  Pnigopho'bia,   Prunella,  Suxpir'ium
 cardi'acum.  Pneitmonalgia, Suffocative  Breast-
 pang, (F.) Angine de Poitrine, Necrose du Cwtir.
 A disease, the precise pathology of which is not
 known.  The principal  symptoms are,  violent
 pain about  the  sternum, extending towards the
 arms, anxiety, dyspnoea, and sense of  suffoca-
 tion.  It is  an affection of great danger, and is
 often connected with ossification, or other moi bid
 condition of the heart. It appears to be neuropa-
 thic, and has been termed Neuralgia of the Heart.
 Some,  however,  employ  this  last  term  for an
 1 acutely painful intermittent affection of  the heart,
|| which seems to differ from angina pectoris more 
ANGINE GUTTURALE
64
ANGONE
in regard to the small number of parts which are
drawn into morbid consent with the affected car-
diac nerves, than in  regard either to  its  nature
or appropriate  treatment.  The most powerful
stimulating and  narcotic  antispasmodics are re-
quired during the paroxysm.
  Angi'na Pellicula'ris, A. malig'na, Dipthe-
ri'tis of the throat.   A name given to those in-
flammations about the throat, in which  exuda-
tions or false membranes are thrown out during
the phlogosis of the mucous membranes. Aphtha,
Tracheitis, when accompanied with the membra-
niform exudation, are, with  some, examples of
diphtheritic inflammation.
  Angina  Perniciosa, Cynanehe  trachealis—a.
Pestilentialis, Pharyngitis, diphtheritic—a. Poly-
posa, Cynanehe trachealis—a. Polyposaseu Mem-
branacea, Cynanehe  trachealis—a. Pseudo-mem-
branosa, Pharyngitis,  diphtheritic — a. Pulposa,
Cynanehe  trachealis—a. Sanguinea, Cynanehe
tonsillaris.
  Angina  Sicca, (F.) Angine Seche, is a  chronic
inflammation of the pharynx, with a distressing
sense of dryness and heat, in chronic diseases of
the stomach and lungs.  See Pasdanchone.
   Angina Simplex,  Isthmitis.
   Angina Squirro'sa,  (F.) Angine  squirreitse,
 consists  in difficulty of deglutition,  caused  by
 scirrhous disorganization of the pharynx  or oeso-
 phagus, or by enlarged tonsils.
   Angina Strangulators,  Cynanehe  trache-
 alis—a. Strepitosa, Cynanehe  trachealis—a. Suf-
 focatoria,  Cynanehe trachealis — a.  Synochalis,
 Cynanehe tonsillaris—a. Thyreoidea, Thyreoitis
 — a. Tonsillaris, Cynanehe tonsillaris — a. Tra-
 chealis,  Cynanehe trachealis — a.  Ulcerosa, Cy-
 nanehe  maligna —  a.  Uvularis, Staphylcedema,
 Uvulitis — a. Vera  et Legitima,  Cynanehe ton-
 sillaris.
   AXGINE  GUTTURALE, Cynanehe  tonsil-
 laris— a.  Laryngee, Laryngitis — a. Laryngee et
 tracheule, Cynanehe trachealis—a. Laryngee cede-
 mateuse, ffidemaof the glottis—a. OEsophagienne,
 Oesophagitis—a. Pharyngee, Cynanehe parotidaea
 —a. de Poitrine, Angina pectoris—a. Seche, An-
 gina sicca—a. Simple, Isthmitis—a.  Squirreuse,
 Angina Squirrosa—a.  Tonsillaire, Cynanehe ton-
 sillaris.
   ANGINEUX, Angino.-e.
   ANGINO'SE, Angina  sas, (F.) Angineux. Re
 lating  or  appertaining tt angina; as Scarlatina
 angino'sa.
    ANGIOCARDI'TIS,  from ayyeiov, 'a vessel,'
 and carditis, ' inflammation of the  heart.'  In-
 flammation of the heart and great vessels.
    ANGIODIASTASIS,  Angiectasis.
    ANGIOGRAPHY,  Angeiography.
    ANGIOHEMIE, Hyperemia.
    ANGIOHYDROGRAPHY,  Angeiohydrogra-
  phy.
    ANGIOHYDROTOMY, Angeiohydrotomy.
    ANGIOITIS. Angeitis.
    ANGIOLEUCITIS, Angeioleucitis.
    ANGIOLOGY, Angeiology.
    ANGIOLYMPIIITIS, Angeioleucitis.
    ANGIOMALACIA, Angeiomalacia.
    ANGIOMYCES,  Haematodes fungus.
    ANGIONOSUS,  Angeiopathia.
    ANGIONUSUS.  Angeiopathia.
    ANGIOPATHIA, Angeiopathia.
    ANGIOPLANIA, Angeioplania.
    ANGIOPLEROSIS,  Plethora.
    ANGIOPYRA, Synocha.
    ANGIORRHAGIA, Haemorrhagia activa.
    ANGIORRH03A, Angeiorrhosa.
    ANGIOSIS, Angiopathia.
    ANGIOSTEGNOSIS, Angiemphraxis.
    ANGIOSTENOSIS, Angiemphraxis.
    ANGIOSTOSIS, Angeiostosis.
  ANGTOSTROPHE, see Torsion.
  ANGIOTELECTASIA, Telangiectasia.
  ANGIOTEN'IC,  Angeioten'ic,  Ancjioten'icus
seu Angeioten'icus,  from ayyeiov, 'a vessel,' and
retvetv, ' to extend.'   An epithet given to inflam-
matory fever, owing to its  action  seeming to be
chiefly exerted on the vascular system.
  ANGIOTOMY, Angeiotomy.
  ANGLE,  An'gulus,  from ayKvXos,  'a  hook.'
The  space between two lines  which  meet in a
point.
  Angle, Fa'cial, pointed out  by Camper, is
formed  by the union of two lines, one of  which
is drawn from  the  most prominent part of  the
forehead to the alveolar edge of  the upjjer jaw,
opposite the incisor teeth—the facial line—and
the other from the meatus auditorius externus to
the same point  of the jaw.  According  to  the
size of the angle it  has been attempted to  appre-
ciate  the respective proportions of the cranium
and face, and, to a certain extent, the degree of
intelligence  of individuals and  of animals.  In
the white varieties of the  species, this angle is
generally 80° ; in  the  negro not more than 70°,
and  sometimes  only 65°.   As  we descend  the
scale of animals, the angle becomes less and less ;
until, in fishes, it nearly or entirely disappears.
Animals which have the snout  long, and  faoial
angle small, such as the snipe, crane, stork, Ac,
are  proverbially foolish,  at least  they are so
esteemed; whilst intelligence is ascribed to those
in which the angle is more largely developed, as
the elephnnt and the owl.  In these last animals,
however, the large  facial angle  is caused  by the
size of the frontal sinuses :—so that this mode of
appreciating the size of the brain is very inexact,
and cannot be depended upon.
   The following is a table of the angle in man
and certain animals :

               FACIAL ANGLES.
   Man.............................from 68° to 88° and  more.
   Sapajou................................................     65
   Orang-Utang.......................................... 56 to 58
   Guenon ................................................     57
   Mandrill...............................................30 to 42
   Coati..................................................     28
   Pole-Cat ...............................................     31
   Pug-Dog.................................................     35
   Mastiff..................................................     41
   Hare.....................................................     30
   Ram......................................................     30
   Horse....................................................     23

   Angle, Occipital,  of Daubenton, is  formed
 by a line drawn from the posterior margin of the
 foramen magnum  to the inferior margin of the
 orbit, and another drawn from the top  of the
 head to the space between the occipital condyles.
 In man, these condyles, as well as the foramen
 magnum, are so situate, that a line drawn per-
 pendicular to them would be a continuation of
 the spine;  but in animals they are placed more
 or less  obliquely; and the perpendicular is ne-
 cessarily thrown farther forward, and  the angle
 rendered more acute.
   Angle, Optic, (F.) Angle optique, is the angle
  formed by two lines, which shave the extremities
  of an object,  and  meet at the centre of the pupil.
   ANGNAIL, Hangnail.
   ANGOISSE, Angor.
   ANGOLAM.  A very tall Malabar tree, which
  possesses vermifuge properties.
Matri'cis, Strangula'tio  uteri'tia, Suffoca'tio ute-
ri'na seu hysterica, Globus seu Nodus hyster'icus,
Ortkopnce'a  hysterica, Dysphagia  globo'sn seu
hysterica, Nervous Quinsy.   A feeling of strangu-
lation, with dread of suffocation.  It is common 
AXGOR
6 5
ANIMAL
in hysterical females, and is accompanied with a
sensation as if a ball arose from the abdomen to
the throat.
  ANGOR, Anguish,  (F.)  Angoisse.   Extreme
anxiety,  accompanied  with  painful constriction
at the epigastrium, and often with palpitation
and  oppression.   It is frequently  an unfavour-
able symptom.
  Angor, Agony, Orthopnoea—a. Faucium, Isth-
mitis—a. Pectoris, Angina pectoris.
  ANGUS, Bubo,  Uterus, Vessel.
  ANGOSTURE VRAIE,  Cusparia febrifuga.
  ANGOURION,  Cucumis sativus.
  ANGUIS, Serpent.
  ANGUISH, Angor.
  Anguish, Febrile, Angor Febri'lis. The com-
bination  of weariness, pain, anxiety, and weak-
ness affecting the head and neck, which is so ge-
nerally observed at the commencement of fever.
  ANGULAIRE  DE L'OMOPLATE, Levator
scapulae.
  AN'GULAR, Angula'ris,  from  angulus,  'an
angle,' (F.)  Arrgulaire.   That which relates to
an  angle.
  Angular Artery and Vein.  A name given,
1. to the termination  of the  facial artery  and
vein, because they pass  by  the greater angle of
the  eye; and, 2. to the facial artery and vein
themselves, because they pass under the angle
of the jaw.   See Facial.
   Angular  Nerve is a filament furnished by
the inferior  maxillary, which  passes near the
greater angle of the eye.
   Angular  Processes of  the frontal bone are
seated near the angles of the eyes.   See Orbitar.
   ANGULARIS, Levator scapulas.
   ANGULI- SCAPUL0 - HUMERAL,  Teres
major.
   ANGULUS COSTJE, see Costa —a. Ocularis,
 Can thus.
   ANGURIA, Cucurbita citrullus.
   ANGUSTATIO, Arctatio—a. Cordis, Systole—
a. Intestini recti vel Ani, Stricture of the rectum.
   ANGUS'TIA, Angusta'tio, Stenocho'ria. Anx-
iety, narrowness, strait, constriction.
   Angustia  Abdominalis,  Pelvis,  (Brim) — a.
 Perinosalis, Pelvis, (Outlet.)
   ANGUSTURA, Cusparia febrifuga—a. False,
 Brucea antidysenterica, and Strychnos nux vo-
 mica— a.  Spuria,  Brucea  antidysenterica,  and
 Strychnos.
   ANGUSTURE, FAUSSE, Brucea antidysen-
 terica— a. Fer-rugineuse, Brucea antidysenterica
 —a.  Vraie, Cusparia febrifuga.
   ANGITS TURINE,  Brucine.
   ANILE MATOSIA,  Asphyxia, Anaemia.
   ANII.EMIA, Anaemia.
   ANHAPHIA. Anaphia.
   ANHELA'TIO, from  anhelo,  'I  pant.'   An-
 helitus,  Aas'mns, Panting,  Gasping, Anhelation,
 (Sc.) Hech, High,  (Prov.)  Gisn, Kawing, Peck-
 ing, (F.) Essoufflemtnt.  Short and rapid breath-
 ing,   See Dyspnoea.
   Anhelatio  is  sometimes  employed  synony-
 mously with asthma.
   AN1IELITUS,  Breath.
   ANHEMATOSIE,  Anosmia, Asphyxia.
   AN1IEMIE,  Anaemia.
   AN UIS'TOUS. from a, av, privative, and 'iotos,
 'organic texture,' 'Anorganic' Amor'phns.   The
 tuntca decidua  uteri  is termed by Velpeau the
 tinjtistous membrane.
   ANIIUIBA, Laurus sassafras.
   ANHYDRJE'MIA,  Anamyd'ria, from  av, pri-
 vative, 'viorp, 'water,'  and 'atpa, 'blood.'  A con-
 dition of the blood in which there is a diminution
 ;n the quantity of the scrum.
   ANIIYDROMYEL'IA, from av, priv., 'uoo.;/,
'water,'  and pveXos,  'marrow.'  Deficiency or
absence,  in the spinal cavity, of the cephalo-spi-
nal fluid.
  ANICE'TON, Anice'tum,  Mesia'mrtm, from a,
privative, and  itKn,  'victory,' 'invincible.'  A
plaster much extolled by the ancients in cases
of achores.  It was formed  of  litharge, cerusse,
thus, alum, turpentine, white pepper, and oil.
  A N I'D E US,  from av, privative,  and etios,
'shape.'  Amorphus.  A monster devoid of shape.
—J. G. St. Hilaire.
  ANIDUO'SLS, from a, privative, and 'tiptas,
'sweat.'   Sudo'ris nul'litas vel priva'tio.   Ab-
sence of sweat.   Deficiency of perspiration. —
Hippocrates.
  ANILEMA, Borborygmus, Tormina.
  ANILESIS, Borborygmus, Tormina.
  ANILITAS, see Dementia.
  AN'IMA, An'imus, Mens, Psyche.   The mind,
breath, Ac, from avepos,  'wind or breath.'   (F.J
Ante.  The principle of the intellectual and moral
manifestations.  Also, the principle of life — the
life of plants being termed An'ima vcgctati'vo,
(F.) Ante vegetative ;  that of man, An'ima sensi-
ti'ra, (F.) A me sensitive.
   The Anima of Stahl, An'ima Stahlia'na, was a
fancied intelligent  principle, which he supposed
to preside over the phenomena  of life, — like the
Archaus of Van Helmont.
   Under the term Anima mundi, the ancient  phi-
losophers meant a universal Spirit, which they
supposed spread  over every part of the  uni-
verse.
   The precise seat of the mind in the brain has
given  rise to many speculations.   The point  is
unsettled.
   With  the ancient chemists, Anima meant the
active principle of  a drug  separated by some
chemical management.
   Anima Aloes :  see Aloes Succotorina—a. Ar-
ticulorum, Hermodactylus—a. Hepatis, Ferri sul-
phas— a. Pulmonum, Crocus — a. Rhei, Infusum
rhei — a. Stahliana,  see Anima — a. Vegetativa,
Plastic force.
   ANTMAL, Zoon.   A  name given to every
animated being.  Most animals have the power
of  locomotion;  some can  merely  execute  par-
tial movements, such as contraction and  dila-
tation.   In other respects  it is  often a matter
of  difficulty to  determine  what is  an  animal
characteristic   The study  of  animals is called
Zoology.
   An'imal, Anima'lis.  That which concerns, or
belongs to, an animal.
   Animal Heat, Color anima'lis  seu nati'vus,
Calidum anirna'le seu  inna'tum, Biolych'nion,
Flam'mula vita'lis, Therma  em'phytum, Thermum
em'phytum, Ignis anima'lis seu  natura'lis seu
vita'lis, (F.) Chaleur animate, is the caloric  con-
stantly formed by the body of a living  animal,
by virtue of which it preserves nearly the  same
temperature, whatever may be that  of the  me-
dium  in which  it is placed.   This formation
seems to take place over the whole  of the body,
and to be connected with the action of nutrition.
   The following are the  natural temperatures of
certain animals; that of man being 98° or 100°.
      Animals.                      Temperature
Arctic Fox.......................................~......    107
Arctic Wolf...........................................)    105
Squirrel................................................/
"are....................................................I    104
Whale...................................................j
Arctomys citillns, zizil — in  summer.-..........    103
       Do.        when torpid................ 80 to S4
Goat.......................................................   103
I>:it. in summer.............................-......1   ]no
Musk...................................................>
MainmU  bofcac — Bobac.............................101 or 102
House mouse..........................................   101 
ANIMALCULA
CG
ANISOTACHYS
     Animals.
Arctomys marmota, marmot,—in summer
       Do.       when torpid..............
Rabbit...................................................
Polar Bear.............................................
Dog......................................................
Cat.......................................................
Swine...................................................
Sheep...................................................
Ox.......................................................
Guinea-pig..,.........................................
Arctomys glis........................................
Shrew..............................-..................<
Young wolf...........................................
Fringilla artica, Arctic finch....................
Kubecola. redbreast................................
Fringilla linaria, lesser red poll................
Falco palumbarius, goshawk...................
Caprimulgus Europseus, European  goat-
  sucker................................................
Emberiza nivalis, snow-bunting...............
Falco lanarius, tanner............................
Fringilla carduelis, goldfinch....................
Corvus  corax, raven................................
Turdus, thrush, (of Ceylon,)....................
Tetrao perdix, partridge.........................
Anas clypeata, shoveler...........................
Tringa pugnax, ruffe..............................
Seolopax limosa, lesser godwit..................
Tetrao tetrix, grouse..............................
Fringilla brumalis, winterfinch................
Loxia pyrrhula......................................
Falco nisus, sparrowhawk........................
Vultur barbatus....................................
Anser pulchricollis.................................
Colymbus auritus, dusky grebe................
Tringa vanellus, lapwing, wounded.........
Tetrao lagopus, ptarmigan......................
Fringilla domestica, lwuse sparrow...........
Ptrix passerina, little owl........................
Hsematopus ostralegus, sea-pie................
Anas penelope, widgeon..........................
Anas strepera, gadwall...........................
l'elecanus carbo.....................................
Falco ossifragus, sea-eagle........................
Fulica atra, coot.....................................
Anas acuta, pintail-duck.........................
Falco milvus, kite, (wounded,)..................
Merops apiaster, bee-eater........................
Goose...................................................
Hen....................................................
Dove.....................................................
Duck....................................................
Ardea stellaris.......................................
Falco albicollis.......................................
Picus major..........................................
Oossus ligniperda...................................
Shark...................................................
Torpedo marmorata..............................
Temperatur .
.. 1.1 or 102
     43
.. 1 0 to 104
     100
100 to 103
100 to 102
    99
      96

}    ™
... 110 or 111
   100

109 to 110


   109
108
   107

107 to 111


   106



   105

   104
 103

) to 91
 83
 74
  Animal Kingdom,  (F.) Rlgne Animal,  com
prises all animated beings.
  Animal Layer, see Tache embryonnaire — a.
Magnetism, see Magnetism, animal.
  ANIMALCULA  SEMINALIA,  Spermatozoa
—a. Spermatica, Spermatozoa.
  ANIMAL'CULE,  Animalculum; diminutive
of animal.   A small animal.  An animal well
seen only by means of the microscope.
  ANIMALCULES, SEMINAL, Spermatozoa—
a. Spermatic, Spermatozoa.
  ANIMALCULISM, Spermatism.
  ANIMAL'CULIST, An'imalist.  One who at-
tempts  to explain different  physiological or pa-
thological phenomena by means  of animalcules.
One who believes that the embryo is formed from
the so-called spermatic animalcules—sperm'atist,
sem'inist.
  ANIMAL'CULOVISM,  Animalculovism'-
us,  from animalculum and ovum.  The doctrine,
now universal, which maintains that  the new
being is formed by the concourse of the sperma-
tic animalcule or spermatozoid with the ovum.
  ANIMALCULUM, Animalcule.
  ANIMALIST, Animalculist.
  ANIMAL'ITY, Animalitas,  (F.)  Animaliti.
The aggregate of qualities which distinguish that
which is animated.   That which constitutes the
animal.
   A N IM A L IZ A' TI 0 N, Animalisa'tio.  The
transformation of the nutritive parts of food into
the living substance of the body  to be nourished.
Assimilation.
   To AN'IMATE, Anima're.  To unite the liv-
ing  principle  with  an  organized  body.   The
French use it in the sense of,—to excite or render
active; as, animer un  vesicatoire:  to excite a
blister to suppurate.
   ANIMATIO, Animation—a. Foetus, see Quick.
ening.
   ANIMA'TION, Zoo'sis,Anima'tio, from anima,
'the soul or mind.'   The act of animating.  The
state of being enlivened.
   Animation, Suspended, Asphyxia.
   AN'IME,  Gum an'ime, Amina'a, Gummi an'-
ime,  Can'camnm,  Can'camy.   A resin  obtained
from the  trunk of Hymen'aa cour-'baril.  Ord.
Fabaceas.  It has been  given as a cephalic and
uterine.  It is not used.   The plant is also called
Cour-'baril.
   ANIME,  (F.)   An  epithet  applied to the
countenance, when florid, in health or  disease.
   ANIMELLJE, Parotid.
   ANIMI  CASUS SUBITUS, Syncope—a. De-
liquium, Syncope—a. Pathemata, Passions.
   ANIMISM, see Animist.
   AN'IMIST, from anima, 'the  soul.'  One who,
following the  example  of  Stahl, refers all the
phenomena of the animal  ecomony to the soul,
An'imism.
   The soul, according to Stahl, is the immediate
and intelligent agent of every movement, and of
every material change in the body.  Stahl there-
fore  concluded,  that disease is nothing more
than a disturbance or disorder in the government
of the economy, or an  effort by which the soul,
attentive  to  every morbific  cause, endeavours to
expel whatever may be deranging the habitual
order of health.   See Stahlianism.
   ANIMUS, Anima, Breath.
   ANIRID'IA, from av, priv., and ipts,  ipiios 'the
iris.'  Absence of the jris.
   ANIS, Pimpinellaanisum—a.  Aigre, Cnminura
Cyminum—a. de la Chine, Illicium anisatum—a.
Doux, Anethum—a.  Etoile, Illicium anisatum.
   ANISA'TUM,  from  Anisttm, ' Anise.'   A sort
of medicated wine, formerly prepared with honey,
wine of Ascalon,  and aniseed.
   ANISCALPTOR,  Latissimus  dorsi.
   ANISCHURIA, Enuresis.
   ANISE, Pimpinella anisum—a. Star, Illicium
anisatum,  I. Eloridanum — a. Tree, Florida, Illi-
cium Floridanum—a. Tree, yellow-flowered, Illi-
cium anisatum.
   ANISEED, see Pimpinella anisum.
   ANISEMA DRACONTIUM, Arum  dracon-
tium.
   ANISI SEMINA, see Pimpinella anisum.
   ANISO'DUS  LU'RIDUS, Nican'dra  anom'-
 ala, Phy'salis stramo'nium, Whitley'a stramo'ni-
 folia.  A plant of Nepal, possessed  of narcotic
 properties, and  resembling belladonna  and to-
 bacco.  It dilates the pupil, and is used in dis-
 eases of the eye  like belladonna.   It  is given in
 alcoholic  tincture (dried  leaves ^j  to  alcohol
 f^viij). Dose, 20 drops internally in the 24 hour?.
   ANISOPHYLLUM   IPECACUANHA,  Eu-
 phorbia Ipecacuanha.
   ANISOS'THENES, Inaqua'li rob'ore pollen*.
 That which  is  unequal  in strength: from av,
 priv., ioos, 'equal,'  and o-Stvoj, 'strength.'  An
 epithet applied particularly to the muscular con-
 tractility which,  in  the sick, is sometimes aug-
 mented in certain muscles only,—in the flexors,
 for example.
ll   ANISOT'ACHYS, from  av, priv., wos, ' equal,' 
ANISUM
6
7                ANNULAR
and  raxvs,  'quick.'  An epithet for the pulse,
when quick and unequal.—Gorru'us.
  ANISUM, Pimpinella anisum—a. Africanum
frutescens, Bubon Galbanum—a. Fruticosum gal-
baniferum, Bubon Galbanum—a. Officinale, Pim-
pinella anisum—a. Sinense, Illicium anisatum —
a. Stellatum, Illicium anisatum—a. Vulgare, Pim-
pinella anisum.
  ANKLE, Astragalus, Malleolus.
  ANKLEY, Malleolus.
  ANKUS, Ancus.
  ANKYLOBLEPHARON,  Ancylobleph'aron,
Palpebrarum coal'it us,  from  ayKvXrr, 'a bridle,'
and  (IXetpapov, 'eyelid.'   A preternatural union
between  the free edges of the eyelids.   Likewise
called Symbleph'aron, Symblepharo'sis, and Pros'-
physis.
  Also, union between  the eyelids  and globe of
the eye.—Aetius.
  ANKYLOCIIEI'LIA, Ancylochei'lia, (F.) An-
kyclochelie,  from ayKvXos, ' crooked,' and ^siAoj,
'lip.'  Accidental union of  the lips.
  ANKYLOCHELIE, Ankylocheilia.
  ANKYLOCOLPUS, Colpatresia.
  ANKYLOCORE,  Coreclisis.
  ANKYLODON'TIA,  from  ayKvXos, 'crooked,'
and  oSovs, oiovros, 'a tooth.'   An irregular  posi-
tion  of the teeth in the jaws.
  ANKYLOGLOS'SIA, Ancyloglos'sia, Correre'-
tio lingua,  from ayKvXrj, 'a bridle,'and yXotaaa,
' the tongue.'   Impeded motion of the tongue in
consequence of adhesion between its margins and
the  gums ;  or  in  consequence of  the  shortness
of the frasnum: the later  affection constituting
Tongue-tie,   Olerpho'nia lin'gua frana'ta.   It
merely requires the fraenum to be divided with a
pair of scissors.
  ANKYLOGLOSSOT'OMUM, from ankyloglos-
sia, ' tongue-tie,' and 7-0^17, ' incision.' An instru-
ment used in the operation  for tongue-tie.
  ANKYLOME'LE, Ancylome'le, from ayKvXos,
' crooked,' and pnXri,  ' a probe.'  A curved probe.
—Galen.
  ANKYLOMERIS'MUS, Ancylomeris'mus, from
ayKvXrr,   'a bridle,'  and  ptpos, 'a part.'  Morbid
adhesion between parts.
  ANKYLOPS, JEgilops.
  ANKYLORRHIN'IA, Ancylorrhin'ia,   from
ayKvXi], 'a bridle,' and  piv, 'the nose.'  Morbid
union of the parietes of the nose.
  ANKYLOSED, see Ankylosis.
  ANKYLO'SIS,  Ancylo'sis,  Anchylo'sis,  An'-
cyle,  Stiff Joint, from  ayKvXos, 'crooked.'   An
affection, in which there  is great difficulty or even
impossibility of moving a diarthrodial articula-
tion.  It is so called, because the limb commonly
remains  in a constant state of flexion, and a joint
thus affected is  said  to be ankylo'sed.  Anchylo-
sis is said to be  complete or true, when there is an
intimate  adhesion between the synovial surfaces,
with  union of  the  articular  extremities of the
bones.   In  the incomplete  or false anchylosis,
there is  obscure motion, but the  fibrous parts
around the joint are more or less stiff and thick-
1 'ied.  In the  treatment of this last  state, the
joint must  be  gently and  gradually exercised;
and oily, relaxing applications be assiduously em-
ployed.
  Ankylosis Spuria, Rigiditas articulorum.
  ANKYLO'TIA, Ancylo'tia, from ayKvXn,  'a
bridle,' and ovs, ottos, ' the  ear.'  Morbid union
of the parietes  of the ear.
  ANKYLOT'OMUS..4»cy/or'o»i««,from ayrcvXos,
'crooked,' and  reuvetv,  'to cut.'  Any kind  of
curved knife.—Paulus.  An  instrument for di-
viding the fr;enum linguae.—Scultetus.
  ANNEAU. Ring—a.  Crural, Crural canal—a.
Diaphragmatique, Diaphragmatic ring—a. Fimo- ,
 ral, Crural canal—a. Inguinal, Inguinal ring—a.
 Ombilical, Umbilical ring.
   ANNEXE, Accessory, Appendix.
   ANNI  CRITICI, Climacterici (anni)—a. Dc-
 cretorii, Climacterici (anni)—a.  Fatales, Climac-
 terici (anni)—a. Genethliaci, Climacterici (anni)
 —a. Gradarii, Climacterici  (anni)—a. Hebdoma-
 dici, Climacterici (anni)—a. Heroici, Climacterici
 (anni)—a. Natalitii, Climacterici (anni)—a. Sea-
 lares, Climacterici (anni)—a. Scansiles, Climacte-
 rici (anni).
   ANNOTA'TIO, Episma'sia.   Under this term
 some have included the preludes to an attack  of
 intermittent fever—as yawning,  stretching, som-
 nolency, chilliness, Ac.
   ANN OTTO, see Terra Orleana-
   AN'NUAL DISEASES, Morbi an'nni, M. an-
 ni versa'rii, (F.)  Maladies  annuelles.   A  name
 given, by  some,  to diseases which  recur  every
 year about the same period.  Fcbris annua, (F.J
 Filvre annuelle, is a term used  for a fancied in-
 termittent of this  type.
   ANNUENS. Rectus capitis internus minor.
   ANNUIT"IO,   Nodding, from  ad,  'to,' and
 nut us, 'a nod.'   A gesture, denoting  assent  in
 most countries.   Also, the state of somnolency,
 when  the  individual is  in the  erect  or sitting
 posture,  with the  head  unsupported,  in which
 the power  of  volition over  the extensor  muscles
 of the head is lost, and the head drops forward.
   AN'NULAR, Annula'ris, Anula'ris, Grico'i'des,
 (F.) Annulaire,  (annus,  'a circle.')  Any  thing
 relating to a  ring, or which has  the shape or ful-
 fils the functions of a ring; from  annulus,  "a
 ring.'
   Annular  Finger, Ring Finger, Ring  man,
 Dig"itus  annula'ris,  Param'esos.    The  fourth
 finger, so  called from the  wedding ring  being
 worn thereon. See Digitus.  Of old, it was be-
 lieved, that there is a medium of direct  commu-
 nication  between the ring finger and the heart.
   Annular Ganglion, see Ciliary ligament.
   ANNULAR  Lig'ament,   Transverse  ligament,
 Cru'cial  ligament.  A strong ligamentous  band,
 which arches across the area of the ring of the
 atlas, from a  rough tubercle upon  the inner sur-
 face of one articular process, to a similar tubercle
 on the other. It  serves to retain the  odontoid
 process of the axis in connexion with  the  ante-
 rior arch of the atlas.
   An'nular Lig'ament of the Ra'dius. is a very
 strong fibro-cartilaginous band, which forms, with
 the lesser sigmoid  cavity of the cubitus, a kind
 of ring,  in which the head of  the radius  turns
 with  facility.
   An'nular  Lig'aments  of the   Carpus, Ar-
 milla mantis membrano'sa, are two in number.
   The one, anterior, is a broad, fibrous, quadri-
 lateral band,  extending transversely before the
 carpus, and  forming the gutter,  made by the
 wrist, into a canal.  It is attached, externally,
 to the trapezium  and scaphoides;  and internally
 to the os pisiforme and process of the unciforme.
 It keeps  the  tendons of the flexor muscles, me-
 dian nerve, Ac, applied against  the carpus.
   The posterior ligament is situate transversely
 behind the joint  of the hand,  and  covers the
 sheaths of the tendons, which pass  to the  back
 of the hand.   Its fibres  are white and  shining,
 and  are attached, externally, to the inferior and
 outer part of the  radius;  internally to  the ulna
 and  os pisiforme.
   An'nular  Lig'aments of the Tarsus are two
 in number.  The  anterior is quadrilateral, and
 extends transversely above the  instep.   It is at-
 tached to the superior depression of the os calcis,
 and to the malleolus internus.   It embraces th-e
 tendons of the extensor muscles of the toes, the
; tibialis antiens, and peroneus anticus.  The  inter- 
ANNULARIS
68
ANOSMIA
nal is broader than the last.  It descends  from I
the malleolus internus to the posterior and inner
part of the  os calcis, with which it forms a kind
of canal, enclosing the sheaths of the tendons of
the tibialis posticus, flexor longus digitorum pedis,
and F. longus pollicis pedis, as well as the plantar
vessels and nerves.
  Annular Vein,  Vena  annula'ris,  is situate
between the  annular finger and the little finger.
Aetius recommends it to be opened in diseases
of the spleen.
  ANNULARIS, Cricoid:  see  Digitus—a. Ani,
Sphincter ani.
  ANNULI CARTILAGINEI, see Trachea—a.
Cartilaginosi Tracheas, see Trachea.
  AN'NULI FIBRO-CARTILAGIN'EI,  "Fi-
bro-cartilaginous or festooned  rings."  Tough
tendinous tracts in the  heart, two of  which, an-
terior, are situate on  the  right and  left of the
aortal opening; and one posterior, which  runs
backwards from the aorta to  the border of the
auriculo-ventricular septum, where it splits into
two slender crura.
   A NN ULI- TENDINO-PHALANGIENS,
Lumbricales manus.
   ANNULUS, Dactylius, Vulva—a. Abdominis,
Inguinal ring—a. Afbidus, see Ciliary (ligament)
— a. Cellulosus,  Ciliary ligament — a. Ciliaris,
Ciliary ligament — a. Fossas ovalis:  see Ovalis
fossa — a. Gangliformis, see Ciliary (ligament) —
a.  Repens,  Herpes  circinatus — a. Umbilicalis,
Umbilical ring—a. Ventriculi, Pylorus—a. Vieus-
senii, see Ovalis fossa.
   ANO, ai'o>.  A prefix denoting 'above, up.'
   ANO-CAVERNEUX, Accelerator urinas.
   ANOCHI'LUS, from avur, 'above,'  and x£lA°f'
 'lip.'   The  upper lip.  Also, one who has a large
upper lip,
   ANOCffiLIA,  Stomach.
   ANOC(ELIADELPHUS, Cosliadelphus.
   ANU'DIA, from  av, priv.,  and urirj, 'song.'
 An unconnected or dissonant mode of speech.
   ANODTC, Anod'icus, from  avur, 'above, up,'
 and 'ocoi, 'a way.'  Tending upwards.  An epi-
 thet applied by Dr. Marshall  Hall to an ascend-
 ing course of nervous action.
   ANODIN. Anodyne.
   ANODIN'IA, from  a, av, privative,  and uitv,
 'a labour pain.'  Absence of labour pains.
   ANODMIA, Anosmia.
   ANODES, Edentulus.
   AN'ODYNE,  Anod'ynus, Antod'ynus, Antid'-
 ynous (improperly), Paregor'icus, Anet'icus, Ant-
 al'gicux, Acesod'ynes,  (F.) Anodin ou Anodyn,
 from  av, privative, and oivvn,  'pain.'   Anodynes
 are those medicines which relieve pain, or cause
 it to cease;  as opium, belladonna, Ac.  They act
 by blunting the sensibility of the encephalon, so
 that it does not appreciate the morbid sensation.
    ANODYNTA,  Indolen'tia.   Cessation  or ab-
 sence of pain.  Vogel  has given this name to a
 genus of diseases, characterized by a cessation
 of pain, and the exasperation of other symptoms ;
 as we see in gangrene.
    ANODYNUM MINERALE,  Potassas  nitras
  sulphatis paucillo mixtus.
    ANGi'A, Anoi'a, from  a,  privative, and voos,
  'mind.'  Delirium,  imbecility.  See  Dementia
  and Idiotism.
    ANOESIA,  Dementia — a. Abstricta,  Melan-
  choly.
    ANOIA,  Ancea.
    ANO MA L. Anomalous.
    ANOMALES, Anomalous.
    ANOMA'LIA, from av, privative, and  opaXos,
  'regular.'   Abnor'mitas,  Alicna'tio.   Anomaly,
  abnormity, irregularity.   In  Pathology, anomaly
  means something unusual in the symptoms pro-
per to a disease, or in  the  morbid appearances
presented by it.                         .
  Anomalia Nervorum, Nervous diathesis.
  ANOMALIE PAR CLOISONNEMENT, see
Cloisonnement.
  ANOMALOTROPHIES,  from av,  privative,
opaXos, 'regular,' and rpo<pn, 'nourishment.'  A
class  of diseases, which consist in modifications
in the nutrition of organs.—Gendrin.
  ANOM'ALOUS,  Anom'alus,  Anom'alis;  the
same  etymon.   Irregular; contrary to rule.  (F.)
Anomal.   In Medicine,  a disease is called  ano-
malous, in whose symptoms or progress there is
something  unusual. Affections are  also  called
anomalous,  which  cannot  be  referred  to any
known species.
  ANOMALOUS, Irregular.
  ANOMMATUS, Anophthalmu3.
  ANOMOCEPH'ALUS,  from  a, priv.,  vopos,
'rule,' and  KetpaXv, 'head.'   One whose head is
deformed.—Geoffroi Saint-Hilaire.
  ANOMOSPLENO TOP IE, Splenectopia.
  ANOMOTOP1E, Ectopia.
  ANOM'PHALUS, from av, priv., and optpaXos,
'the navel.' One devoid of navel. Many writers
have  endeavoured  to show that Adam and Eve
must have  been avopipaXot, as they could not have
had umbilical  vessels.
  ANONA  TRILOBA,  see Carica papaya.
  ANO'NA TRIPET'ALA.  A tree of the family
Anoneas or Anonaceae;  Sex. Syst. Polyandria
Polygynia,  from fifteen  to  twenty feet high, na-
tive of South  America, which bears a delicious
fruit called  Chirimoya. Both the fruit and flowers
emit  a fine fragrance, which,  when the  tree is
covered with blossom, is almost overpowering.—
Tschudi.
  ANONIS, Ononis.
   ANONYCH'IA,  from  av,  privative, and owl;,
owxos, 'a   nail.'  Want of nails, — a  rare con-
genital defect.
   ANOXYME, Innominatum.
   ANON'YMOUS, Anon'ymus, Innomina'tus, (F.)
Anonyme, from  av, privative, and ovopa,  'name.'
That which has no name.
   The word has been applied to many parts of
the body: — to the Anonymous  bone or Os inno-
minatum :—the Anonymous foramen or Foramen
innominatum,  Ac
   ANOPHRESIA. Anosmia.
   ANOPHTHAL'MUS, Anom'matus, from av,
privative,  and  oipdaXpos,  'an eye.'  One  who is
 devoid of eyes.
   ANOPS'IA, from av, priv., and ord-, 'the eye.'
 A  case of monstrosity in which the eye and orbit
 are wanting.
   ANOPTICONERVIE, Amaurosis.
   ANOR'CHIDES, from av, priv., and opxu. 'a
 testicle.'   They who are without  testicles.—For-
 tunatus Fidelis.
    ANOREXTA,  from  a*, priv., and ope^is,  'ap-
 petite'  Inappeten'tia, Lima'sis expers, (F.) Perls
 d'appetit.   Absence of appetite, without loathing.
 Anorexia  or want of appetite is symptomatic of
 most diseases.  Also, Indigestion, Dyspepsia.
    Anorexia   Exhausto'rum,  Frigidity   of  the
 stomach—a. Mirabilis, Fasting.
    ANORGANIC,  see Anhistous, and  Inorganic.
    ANORMAL, Abnormous.
    ANORTHOPTA,from a,ririv.,op$os, 'straight.'
 and  oij/ts,  'vision.'  Vision in which persons are
 unable to judge when objects are not parallel or
 not  symmetrical.
    ANOSTA, from a, priv., and voo-oy, 'disease.'
  Health.   Freedom from disease.
    ANOS'MIA,  from av, privative, and  oapn,
  'odour.'  Loss of smell.  Diminution of the sense
  of smell.   Called, also, Anosphre'sia,  Anosphra'-
  sia, Anophre'sia, Paros'mia, Anod'mia, Anosmo'- 
AN OS MOST A
09
ANTHELMINTIC
Ira, 0 If act (is amis'sio seu ilefic"iers, Dysasthe'sia
oljacto'ria, Anasthe'sia olfacto'ria, Odoru'tus de-
per'ditus, (E.) Perte de I Odorat.
  ANOSMOSIA, Anosmia.
  ANOSPIIRASIA,  Anosmia.
  ANOSPIIRESIA,  Anosmia.
  ANO'TUS, from  av, privative, and ovs, toros,
'the ear.'  A monster having no ears.
  ANOXEMIE, Asphyxia.
  ANSA INTESTINALIS, Arise (,,'ntestinale).
  ANSE (F.), Ansa  (L.),  signifies, properly, the
handle of certain vessels, usually of an arched
form.   By analogy, it has been applied to that
which  is curved  in  the   form  of such  handle.
Thus, the French speak of Anse intestinale—Ansa
seu Gyrus iritestina'lis — to  signify a portion of
intestine,  supported by its mesentery, and  de-
scribing a curved line:—also,  of Anse nerveuse,
Anse anastomotiqne,  Ac.
   Anse de fit is used, in  Surgery, to designate  a
thread, curved in the form of an Anse.
   ANSERINA, Potentilla anserina.
   ANSERINE, Chenopodium ambrosioides—a.
 Anthelmintique, Chenopodium anthelminticum—
 a.  Bon Henri, Chenopodium Bonus Henricus—a.
 Botrys, Chenopodium  Botrys—a. Fetide, Cheno-
 podium  vulvaria — a. Vermifuge, Chenopodium
 anthelminticum.
   ANTACIDS,  Anti-acids, Antiac"ida,  Inrcr-
 fen'tia,  from anti,  'against,' and acida, 'acids.'
 Remedies which obviate  acidity in the stomach.
 They are chemical agents, and act bjr neutralizing
 the acid.   Those chiefly used are ammonia, calcis
 carbonas,  calx,  magnesia,  magnesias carbonas,
 potassa,  potassae  bicarbonas,  p.  carbonas, sodas
 bicarbonas, and s. carbonas.  They are, of course,
 only palliatives, removing that which exists, not
 preventing the formation  of more.
   ANTAG'ONISM,  Antagonis'mus,  Antis'tasis,
 from  avri, 'against,' and ayurvt^opat, 'to  strive'
 Action in an opposite direction.  It applies to the
 action of muscles that act in a  contrary direction
 to others.   In estimating the force  of muscles,
 this antagonism must be attended to.
   ANTAGONIST, Antagonis'ta.  A  muscle
 whose action  produces an effect contrary to that
 of another muscle.   Every muscle has its anta-
 gonist, because there is no motion  in one direc-
 tion without a capability  of it in another.
   ANTALGICUS, Anodyne.
   ANTAPHRODIS'IAC, Antajrhrodit'ic,  Anta-
 phrodisiacus,  Anaphrodisiacus,  Anaphrodis'iac,
 Anterolicus, from avri, ' against,'and atppoitaiaKos,
 'aphrodisiac'  A substance capable  of blunting
 the venereal appetite.
   ANTAPHRODITIC, Antaphrodisiac.
   ANTAPOD'OSIS, from avrairoiiiurpt, 'I return
 in exchange.'  The  succession and return of the
 febrile periods.—Hippocrates.
    ANTAPOPLECTICUS, Antiapoplectic.
   ANTARTHRITIC, Antiarthritic
   ANTASTHENICUS, Tonic.
   ANTASTHMATICUS, Antiasthmatic.
   ANTATROPH1C,  Antatroph'icus,  Antat'ro-
 phus,  Antiatroph'icus, from avri, 'against,'  and
 arpoipta,  'atrophy.'  A remedy opposed to atro-
 phy or consumption.
   ANTEBRACHIAL, see Antibrachial.
   ANTECEDEN'TIA.   The precursory or
 warning symptoms of a. disease.
   ANTEFLEXIO  UTERI, see Anteversion.
   ANTELA'BIA, Prochei'la, from ante, 'before,'
 and labia, 'the lips.'  The extremity of the lips.
   ANTELOPE. Antilopus.
   ANTEMBALLOMENUM,  Suceedaneum.
   ANTEM'BASIS,  from avrt, and  c/i/3-niu),  'I
 enter.'   Mu'tuus  ingres'sus.  The mutual  recep-
 tion of bones.—Galen.
   ANTEMETIC, Antiemetic.
   ANTENDEIXIS, Counter-indication.
   ANTENDIXIS, Counter-indication.
   ANTENEAS'MUS, from avrt, 'against,' and
 veav, 'audacious;' or rather, perhaps, from avri,
\ and  reivoi, T extend  or stretch.'  One furious
 against himself.   Mania, in  which  the patient
 attempts his own life.—Zacchias.
   ANTENNA'RIA  DIOI'CA,  Gnapha'lium Di-
 oi'cum, Hispid'ula, Pes cati, Eli'chrysum monta'-
 num,  Dioe'cions  Ever-last'ing, Catsfoot, (F.) Pied
 de chat.   Order, Compositas.   A common Euro-
 pean  plant, which has  been advised in hemor-
 rhage, diarrhoea, Ac.
   Antennaria   Margaritacea,  Gnaphalium
 margaritaceum.
   Antennaria  Plantaginifo'lia,  Gnapha'lium
 planlaginifo'Hum seu plantagin'eum seu dioi'cum
 variety plantaginifolium, Plantain Life-everlast-
 ing, Ciidwcld, indigenous, has similar properties.
   ANTEPHIALTIC, Antiephialtic
   ANTEPILEPTIC, Antiepileptic
   ANTEPONENS,  Anticipating.
   ANTEREI'SIS, from avri, 'against,' and eptt-
 ior, 'I support.'   The resistance—the solidity—■
 of bones.—Hippocrates.
   ANTERIEUR  DU  MARTEAU,  Laxator
 tyinpani—a. de  lOreille, Anterior auris.
   ANTE'RIOR,  Antlcus, from ante,  'before.'
 Situate before.   Great  confusion has  prevailed
 with  anatomists in  the use of the  terms before,
 behind, etc   Generally, the word anterior is ap-
 plied to parts situate before the median line, the
 body being in  the  erect posture, with  the face
 and  palms of  the  hands turned forwards, and
 the feet applied longitudinally together.
   Ante'rior  Au'ris (Muscle), Auricula'ris ante'-
 rior,At'trahens  auric'ulam, (F.) Auriculaire anti-
 rieur; Anterieur de loreille, Zygomato-oriculaire.
 A small muscle, passing from  the posterior part
 of the zygoma to the helix.  Use, to draw the ear
 forwards  and upwards.
   Anterior Mallei, Laxator  tympani.
   ANTEROTICUS, Antaphrodisiac.
   ANTEUPHORBIUM, Cacalia anteuphorbium.
    ANTEVER'SION,  Antever'sio,  Antrover'sio,
 from ante, 'before,' and vertere, versum, 'to turn.'
 Displacement of the uterus, in which the fundus
 is turned towards the  pubes, whilst its orifice  is
 towards the sacrum. It may be caused by extra-
 ordinary size  of the pelvis, pressure of the viscera
 on the uterus, etc.;  and is recognised by exami-
 nation per vaginam. A simple forward inclina-
 tion  of the body of the uterus, without the os
 uteri being carried much backwards,  is termed
 Anteflex'ion of the u'terus, Antefiex'io u'teri. Not
 unfrequently, however, it  is used synonymously
  with Retroversion  of  the Uterus.   See Retro-
 versio uteri.
    A N T H JE M 0 P T Y'l C U S, Antihamoptificus,
 from  avri,  'against,' and hamoptysis,  'spitting
  of blood.' Against spitting of blood.   A remedy
  for  spitting   of  blood—antihamopty'icum (reme-
  dium).
    ANTIIJEMORRHAGICUS, Antihemorrhagic.
    ANTI1ECTICUS, Antihectic
    A N T II E LIT' R A G U S, (F.) Anthelitragien.
  One  of the  proper muscles  of the  pavilion  of
  the ear.
    ANT'HELIX, Anti-helix, from avrt, 'before,'
  and  f«Xi|, 'the  helix.'  An eminence on the car-
  tilage of the ear, in front of  the helix, and ex-
  tending from the concha to  the groove of the
  helix, where  it  bifurcates.
    A N T II E L M I N'T I C, Antihelmin'ticus, Anti-
 scolicus, Anthelmin'thicus, Antiscoklicus, Hel-
  min'thicus,    Helminthago'gus,  Anti v er mi no'sus,
  Vermif'ugus, Ver'mifuge, from avri,  'against,'
 I and  'eXptvs,   'a  worm.'  A  remedy which de- 
ANTIIEMA ERUPTIO
stroys  or  expels  worms, or prevents their for-
mation  and  development.  The  chief  anthel-
mintics are, Chenopodium, Mucuna, Oleum ani-
male Dippelii, Oleum Terebinthinae, Sodii  Chlo-
ridum. Spigelia, and Pulvis Stanni.  See Worms.
  ANTHEMA ERUPTIO, Exanthem.
  AN'THEMIS COT'ULA, from avdeto, 'Iflower.'
A. fc'tida seu Noveboraeen'sis, Cot'ula, C.foe'tida,
Cota, Cynan'themis,  Chamame'lum fce'tidum seu
Chamomilla spu'ria seu foe'tida, Maru'ta Cot'ula,
Mayflower, Mayweed, Stinking Chamomile, Wild
Cham'omile, Dog's fennel, Dilly, Dilweecl, Field-
weed, Pissweed.   Ord. Compositas Corymbiferas.
Sex. Syst. Syngenesia Superflua.  (F.)  Maroute,
Camomille fetide, Camomille puante.
  This  plant Cot'ula, (Ph. U. S.), has a  very dis-
agreeable smell,  and the leaves have a strong,
acrid, bitterish taste.  It is reputed to have been
useful  in hysterical affections.
  Anthemis Fcetida, A. cotula.
  An'themis No'bilis, An'themis, A.  odora'ta,
Chamame'lum,  Ch.  No'bile seu  odora'tum,  Cha-
momilla Roma'na, Euan'themon, Leucarl'themum,
(F.) Camomille Romaine.  The leaves and flowers.
—Anthemis, Ph. U. S.—have a strong smell, and
bitter,  nauseous  taste.  The flowers  are  chiefly
used.  They possess tonic and stomachic proper-
ties, and are much given as a pleasant and cheap
bitter.   A simple infusion is taken to produce, or
to  assist vomiting.  Externally,  they  are often
used in fomentations.
  The O'leum Anthem'idis possesses the  aromatic
properties  of the plant, but not the bitter and
tonic   Consequently, the 'Chamomile Drops,' as
sold by the druggists, must be devoid of the lat-
ter qualities.   They are  made  by adding Ol.
anthem, f^j. to Sp. vini rectif. Oj.
  Anthemis  Noveboracencis,  A. cotula — a.
Odorata, A. cotula.
  An'themis Pv'rethrum, Py'rethrum, P. verum,
Anacyc'lus pyrethrum, Buphthal'mum Cre'ticum,
Denta'ria, Herba saliva'ris, Pes Alexandri'nus,
Spanish Chamomile, Pellitory of Spain,  (F.) Py-
rethre, Racine salivaire. Salivaire, Pied dAlex-
andre.  The  root, Pyrethrum  (Ph. U. S.), is hot
and acrid, its acrimony residing in  a  resinous
principle.  It is never used except as a mastica-
tory in toothache, rheumatism of the face, pa-
ralysis  of the tongue, etc. It acts as a powerful
sialogogue.
  The Pellitory of the shops in Germany is said
to  be  derived from Anacyc'lus officina'rum;  a
plant cultivated in Thuringia for medicinal pur-
poses.
  An'themis  Tincto'ria, Bttphthalmi Herba,
Dyer's Chamomile, a European plant, has a bitter
and astringent taste, and has been regarded  as
stomachic  and vulnerary.  (F.)  Camomille des
 Teinturiers, QUil de Baeuf.
  Anthemis Vulgaris, Matricaria Chamomilla.
  ANTHE'RA,  from avBrjpos,  so  called  from  its
'florid' colour.  A remedy compounded of several
substances—myrrh, sandarac, alum, saffron, etc.
It  was used  under the form of liniment,  eolly-
rium, electuary,  and powder.—Celsus, Galen.
  ANTHE.REON, Mentum.
  ANTHORA,  Aconitum anthora — a. Vulgaris,
Aconitum anthora.
  ANTHORIS'MA,  from  avri,  'against,'  and
optapa, 'boundary.'   Tumor diffu'sua.  A tumour
without any defined margin.
  ANTHOS,  see  Rosmarinus—a. Sylvestris, Le-
dum sylvestre.
  ANTHRA'CIA, from avSpa!-, avBpaKos,  'coal.'
Car-bun'cular Exan'them.  An eruption of tumors,
imperfectly suppurating, with  indurated  edges,
and, for the most part, a sordid and sanious core.
\ genus in the order Exanthematica, class Hama-
tica of Good, and including Plague and  Yaws.
0                ANTHRAX
  Antiiracia, Anthracosis—a. Pestis, Plague—
a. Rubula, Frambeesia.
  ANTHRACION, see Anthrax.
  AN'THRACOID,  Anthr-aco'dea,  from  avfyaf.
avdpaKos, 'coal,' and etios,  'resemblance.'  (F.)
Charbonneux.   As black as coal.   Accompanied
by or resembling anthrax.
  ANTHRACOMA, Anthrax.
  ANTHRACONECROSIS, see Sphacelus.
  ANTHRACOPHLYCTIS, see Anthrax.
  ANTHRACOSIA, Anthrax.
  ANTHRACO'SIS,  Anthra'cia,  Carbo  Palpe-
bra'rum, from avSput;, avdpaKos, 'a coal.'   A spe-
cies of carbuncle,  which attacks the eyelids and
globe of the  eye.—Paulus of JEgina.  Also,  a
carbuncle of any kind.   It has been used for the
"black  lung of coal  miners,"  which is  induce]
by  carbonaceous  accumulation  in  the  lungs;
Pseudo-melanolicformation, (Carswell.)  Matilre
noire des Poumons, Charbon pidmonaire.  When
ulceration results from this cause,  black phthisis,
(F.)  Phthisic  avec Melanose, exists.  See Mela-
nosis.
  Anthracosis Pulmonum, see Melanosis.
  ANTHRACOTYPHUS, Plague.
  ANTHRAKOK'ALI,  Lithanthrakok'uli, from
avdpa!;, avQpaKos, 'coal,' and kali, 'potassa.'  An
article introduced as a remedy in  cutaneous dis-
eases.   It is formed  by dissolving carbonate of
potassa in 10  or 12  parts of boiling water, and
adding as much slacked  lime as will separate the
potassa.  The filtered liquor is placed on  the fire
in an iron vessel, and suffered to evaporate, until
neither  froth  nor  effervescence  occurs, and the
liquid  presents  a  smooth  surface  like oil.  To
this, levigated coal is added in the proportion of
160 grammes  to 192  grammes of potassa.  The
mixture  is  stirred, and  removed  from the fire,
and the stirring is  continued, until a black homo-
geneous powder results.  A sulphuretted  anthru-
kokali is made by  mixing accurately 16 grammes
of sulphur with the coal, and dissolving the mix-
ture  in the potassa, as directed above. The dose
of the simple and sulphuretted preparations is
about two grains three times a day.
  ANTHRAX,  avOpal-,  'a  coal,' Antrax,  Carlo,
Rubi'nus vents, Codesella, Eryihe'ma gangrano'-
sum, Grantris'turn, Prima, Per'sicus Ignis, Pyru,
Granatris'tum, Phyma  Anthrax, Erythema an-
thrax, Carbun'cuius, Anihraco'sia,  Anthraco'ma,
Absces'sus gangranes'cens seu gangrano'sus, Fu-
run'culns malig'nus, F. gangrano'sus, Carbuncle,
(F.)  Charbon.   An inflammation, essentially gan-
grenous, of the cellular membrane and skin,
which may arise from an internal or external cause.
In the latter case it is called Anthra'cion,  Vesic'-
ula gangranes'cens, Anthracophlyc'tis, (F.) Pus-
tule maligne; Bouton d'Alcp,  Feu Persique (Per-
sian fire), Malvat, Bouton malin, Pucemulignc,a,ni.
is characterized at the outset by a vesication or
bleb filled with  a  sero-sanguinolent fluid, under
which a small induration is  formed, surrounded
by an areolar  inflammation, which becomes gan-
grenous.  It has been thought  by  some to be in-
duced altogether by contact with  the matter of
the carbuncle of animals,  or of the exuvias of
the bodies of such as had died of the disease,
but it is now known to arise primarily in the
human subject.  This form of carbuncle  has re-
ceived different names,   many of them from the
places where  it  has prevailed : — Carbun1'cuius
contagio'sus  seu Gal'licus  seu Hunga'ricns seu
Polon'icus seu Septentriona'lis, Morbus pustulo'sm
Fin'nicus, Pus'tula gangranosa  seu Lic'ida Es-
tho'nia, Pemphigus Hungar'icus, Puce de Bour-
gogne.
_  Anthrax is a malignant boil, and its treatment
is similar to that  which is  required in  case of
gangrene attacking a part. 
ANTIIRISCUS CEREFOLIUM
  Anthrax Pulmonum, Necropneumonia.
  ANTIIRISCUS CEREFOLIUM, Scandix ce-
refolium—a.  Ilumilis,  Chserophyllum  Sylvestre
—a. Procerus, Ch.erophyllum Sylvestre.
  ANTHROPE, Cutis.
  ANTIIROPIAT'RICA (MEDICINA), from
m -,■> ;-<.- , 'man,' and tarpos, 'a  physician.'  Me-
dicine  applied to man,  in contradistinction  to
animals.
  ANTIIROPOCHEMIA, Chymistry (human).
  ANT1IROPOCI1YMY, Chymistry (human).
  ANTIIROPOGENTA,  Anthropogen'esis,  An-
thropag", uy, Gcnean'thropy, from avSpuriros, 'man,'
and yeveats,' generation.' The knowledge, or study,
or phenomena of human generation.
  A N TII R 0 P 0 G'R APH Y, Anthropograph'ia,
from avOpurrros, 'man,' and ypatpri, 'a description.'
Anthropology. A description of the human body.
  AN'THROPOID, Anthropoi'des, from avdpornos,
'man,'ande«5os, 'resemblance.'  Resembling man :
—as the ape.
  ANTHROPOL'ITHUS,  from avQpurnos, 'man,'
and Xtdos, 'a  stone.'   The  petrifaction  of the
human body or of any of its parts.   Morbid con-
cretions in the human body.
  ANTHROPOL'OGY, Anth.ropolog" ia, from
avSpomos, 'man,'  and Xoyos,  'a discourse.'  A
treatise on man.  By some, this word is used for
the science of the structure and functions of the
human body. Frequently, it is employed synony-
mously with Natural History and Physiology of
Man.
   A N TIIR 0 POMAGNETISMUS, Magnetism,
animal.
   ANTHROPOMANCY, Anthropromanti'a,  from
avSpurnos, 'a man,' and pavreia, 'divination.'   Di-
vination by inspecting the entrails of a dead  man.
   ANTHROPOM'ETRY, from avSpurxos, 'a man,'
and perpov, 'measure.'  Measurement  of  the  di-
mensions of the different parts of the human body.
   ANTHROPOMORPHOLOGY,  Anatomy  (de-
 scriptive).
   ANTIIROPOMORPHUS, Atropa mandragora.
   ANTHROPON'OMY,  Anthroponom'ia,  from
 avSporiros, 'man,' and vopos, 'law.'   A knowledge
 of  the special laws which preside over the func-
 tions of the human body in action.
   ANTHROPOPH'AGUS, (F.) Anthropophage,
 from avSptirnos, '& man,' and tpayt*, 'I  eat.'  A
 name given to one who eats his own species.
   ANTHROPOPH'AGY, Anthropopha'gia,  same
 etymon.   The custom of eating human flesh.  A
 disease in which there is great desire to eat it.
   ANTHROPOS, Homo.
   ANTIIROPOSCOPIA, Physiognomy.
   ANT1IR0P0TOMY, Andranatomia.
   ANT 11 US, Flos.
   ANTHYPNOT'IC, Anthypnolicus,  Antihyp-
 rrot'ic,  Agrypnolic,  from  avrt,  'against,'  and
 'vitvuTiKos, 'stupefying.'   A remedy for stupor.
   ANTHYPOCHON'DRIAC,  Anthypochondri'-
 acns, from avri, 'against,' and 'vnoxoviptaKos, 'hy-
 pochondriac'   A remedy for hypochondriasis.
    ANTHYSTER'IC,  Antihyster'ic, Antihyster'-
 icris, from  avri, 'against,' and 'vartoa, 'the ute-
 rus.'  A remedy for hysteria.
    ANTI. avrt, as a prefix, in composition, gene-
 rally means 'opposition.'
    ANTIADES, Tonsils.
    ANTIADI'l'lS, Cynanehe tonsillaris.
    ANTIADON'CUS, from avnaies, 'the  tonsils.'
 and oyKos, 'tumour.'  A swelling  of the tonsils.
 __Swediaur.  Anti'ager has a similar meaning.
    A.ntiadoncus Inilammatokius,  Cynanehe ton-
 pilliiris.
    ANTI VPOPLEC'TIC, Antiapoplec'ticus, Anta-
  noriiec'ticus, Apoplec'ticus, from  avrt, 'against,'
 and arotXniia, 'apoplexy.'  A remedy for apo-
 plexy-
1               ANTICOMMA
   ANTIARTS TOXICARIA, see Upas.
   ANTIAKTHlU'i'IC,   Antarthrit'ic,  Antiar-
 thrit'ictts,  Antipodag'ric,  from  avrt,  'against,'
! and  apSptns, 'the gout,'  (F.) Antigoutteux.  A
I remedy for gout.
|   ANTIASTHENTC, Antiasthcn'icus, from avrt,
 'against,' and  aaOeveia, 'debility.'   A remedy for
 debility.
   ANTIASTHMATIC,  Antiasthmatics,  Ant-
 asthmat'icus, from  am,  'against,' and aaSpa,
 'asthma.'   A remedy for asthma.
   ANTIATROPHICUS, Antatrophic.
   ANTIBALLOMENUM, Succedaneum.
   ANTIBDELLA, Antlia sanguisuga.
   ANTIBECHICUS, Expectorant.
   ANTIBRA'CHIAL, Antibrachia'lis.  That
 which concerns the  fore-arm.—Bichat.   J. Clo-
 quet suggests that the word should  be written an-
 tebrachial,  from ante,  'before,' and  brachium,
 'the arm'—as  antebrachial region, antebrachial
 aponeurosis, Ac.
   Antebrachial Aponeuro'sis,  (F.)  Aponev-
 rose antebrachial, is a portion of the aponeurotic
 sheath  which  envelops  the whole of the upper
 limb.   It  arises from the brachial aponeurosis,
 from a fibrous expansion of the tendon of the
 biceps muscle, from  the epicondyle, epitrochlea,
 and, behind, from the tendon of the triceps bra-
 chials.  Within, it is inserted into the cubitus,
 etc; and, below, is confounded with the two an-
 nular ligaments of the carpus.  It is covered by
 the  skin,  by veins, lymphatics, and by filaments
 of superficial nerves ; it  covers the muscles of the
 fore-arm,  adheres to them, and sends  between
 them several fibrous septa, which serve them for
 points of  insertion.
   ANTIBRACHIUM, Fore-arm.
   ANTIBRO'MIC,  Antibro'micus, from  avri,
 'against/ and fiporpos,  'fostor.' A Deo'dorizer.
 An  agent  that destroys offensive odours — as
 chloride of  zinc, simple  sulphate of alumina, Ac.
   ANTICACHEC'TIC, Anticachee'ticus,  Antica-
 cochym'ic, from avri, 'against,' and (cayt^iu, 'ca-
 chexy.'  A remedy against cachexy.
   ANTICACOCHYMIC, Anticachectic
   ANTICAN'CEROUS,  Anticancero'sus, Anti-
 cancro'sus,  Anticarcinom'atous,  Antischir'rous,
 from avri, 'against, and KapKivwpa, 'cancer,' car-
 cinoma.  Opposed to cancer.
   ANTICANCROSUS,  Anticancerous.
   ANTICARCINOMATOUS, Anticancerous.
   ANTICARDIUM, Fossette du cceur, Scrobicu-
 lus cordis.
   ANTICATAR'RHAL, Anticatarrha'lis, Anti-
 catarrho'icus, from avri, 'against,' and Karappos,
 1 catarrh.'   A remedy for catarrh.
   ANTICAUSOD'IC,   Anticausot'ic, Anticau-
 sod'icus, from avri, ' against,' and Kavaos, ' a burn-
 ing fever.'  A remedy for causus or inflammatory
 fever.
   ANTICAUSOTIC, Anticausodic
   ANTICIIEIR, Pollex,  see Digitus.
   ANTICHffiRADICUS, Antiscrofulous.
   ANTICHOL'ERIC, Antieholer'icus, from avrt,
 'against,' and cholera.   A remedy against cho-
 lera.
   ANTICHOLERICA, Sophora heptaphylla.
    ANTICIPATING, Antic" ipans, Antepo'nens,
 Prolept'icus, (F.) Anticipant.  An epithet for a
  periodical phenomenon, recurring at progress-
  ively shorter  intervals.   An  anticipating  inter-
  mittent is one in which  the intervals between the
  paroxysms  become progressively less.
    ANTICNEMIUM, Shin.
    ANTICCEUR, Scrobiculus cordis.
    ANTICOL'IC, Antieolicus, from avri, 'against,'
  and kotXikos, ' the colic'  That which is  opposed
  to  colic
I   ANTICOMMA, Contre-coup. 
ANTICOPE
72
ANTIMOINE
  ANTICOPE, Contre-coup.
  ANTICOPOSCOPIUM. Pleximeter.
  ANTICRUSIS, Contre-coup.
  ANTICRUSMA,  Contre-coup.
  ANTICUS. Anterior.
  AXTIDARTREUX, Antiherpetic.
  ANTIDEIXIS, Counter-indication. ,
  ANTIDIARRHffiTC,  Antidiarrhce'icus.   A
remedy for diarrhoea.   Opposed to diarrhoea.
  ANTIDTNIC, Antidin'icus, Din'ic, Din'icus,
fromavn, ■ against,'and <5ivoj, 'vertigo.' Opposed
to vertigo.
  AN'TIDOTAL, Antidota'lis,  same etymon as
antidote.   Relating  to an antidote; possessed of
the  powers  of an antidote.
  ANTIDOTA'RIUM, from avriiorov, 'an anti-
dote.'  A dispensatory.  A pharmacopoeia or for-
mulary. An'tidotary was used formerly for any
composition that had  the  properties of an anti-
dote.
  ANTIDOTARY, see Antidotarium.
  AN'TIDOTE, Antid'otum, from  avri, 'against,
and ititirpt,  'I give.'  Originally, this word signi-
fied an internal remedy.   It  is now used synony-
mously with counter-poison, antiphar' macum, (F.)
Contre-poison, and signifies  any remedy capable
of combating the effect of poison.

         A  List of reputed  Antidotes.

                        Chalk.
                        Soap.
                            5. SULPHCRETS.
                        Sulphuretted  Hydrogen,
                         dissolved in water.
                        Sulphuret of Potassium.
                             6.  Haloids.
                        Chlorine.
                           7. Metallic Oxides.
                        Hydrated Sesqui-oxide of
                         Iron.
                        Mixed Oxides of Iron.
                         8. Organic Substances.
                        Albuminous Substances,
                         (Albumen, Casein,  and
                         Gluten.)
                        Starch.
                        Oil.

                        Animal Charcoal.
       1. Metals.
Iron Filings.
Zinc Filings.

        2. Actus.
Tannic Acid.
Acetic or Citric Acid.

        3. Salts.
Alkaline or Earthy Sul-
  phates.
Chloride of Sodium.
Hypochlorite  of Soda or
  of Lime.

      4. AlKALINES.
Ammonia.
Carbonates of Ammonia.
Carbonates of Soda.
Magnesia.
Carbonate of Magnesia.
Lime Water.
  ANTIDOTUM  HERACLIDIS,  Enneaphar-
macos—a. Mithridatium, Mithridate.
  ANTIDYNAMICA, Debilitants.
  AN'ITLYXOUS, Anodyne.
  ANTIDYSENTER'IC, Antidysenter'icus, from
ivti, 'against,' &vs, 'with difficulty,' and evrepov,
' intestine.'  Opposed to dysentery.
  A N T IE M E T'l C, Antemet'ic, Antiemet'icus,
from avri, 'against,' and  epertKos, 'emetic'  A
remedy for vomiting.
  ANTIEPHIAL'TIC  or  ANTEPHIAL'TIC,
Antiephialticus, from avri, 'against,' and eipiaXrns,
' nightmare'  A remedy for nightmare.
  ANTIEPILEP'TIC   or  ANTEPILEP'TIC,
Antiepilep'ticus,  from  avri, 'against,' and rni-
Xnipta, 'epilepsy.'  A remedy for epilepsy.
  ANTIFEBRILIS, Febrifuge.
  ANTIGALAC'TIC, Antigalac'ticus,  Antilac'-
teus, from  avri,  'against,' and  yaXa,  yaXaKros,
'milk.'  (F.) Antilaiteux.  Opposed to the secre-
tion of milk  or to diseases caused by the milk
  ANTIG'ONI COLLYR'IUM NIGRUM, Black.
collyrturn o/Antig'onus.   It was composed of
cadmia, antimony, pepper, verdigris, gum Arabic,
and water.
  ANTIGUA, see West Indies.
  ANTIHJEMOPTYICUS, Anthasmoptyicus.
  ANTIHEC'TIC,  Antihec'ticus,  Anthec'ticus,
from avn, ' against,' and 'c{ts, ' habit of  body.'
 The Antihec'ticum Pote'rii is the white oxyd of
 antimony : also called Diaphoret'icum Joria'le.
  ANTI HELIX, Anthelix.
  ANTIHELMINTICUS, Anthelmintic.
  ANTIHEM0RRHAG"1C,  Antihamorrhag".
 icus,  Anthamorrhag"icus,  from  avrt, 'against,'
 and 'atpoppuyta,  'hemorrhage.'  That which is
 against hemorrhage;  an  antihemorrhagic  re-
 medy.
  ANTniESWllRUOlD'AUAntihamorrltoida'.
 lis, from avrt, 'against,' and 'atpoppoties, 'hemor-
 rhoids.'   A remedy for hemorrhoids.
  ANTIHERPET'IC, Antiherpelicus, from avn,
 'against,' and 'epnes, 'herpes.' (F.) Antidartreux.
 A remedy for herpes.
  ANTIHYDROPHOB'IC, Antihydrophob'icus,
 Antilys'sus, Alys'sus, from  avrt,  'against,'  'viwp,
 'water,' and fofios, 'dread.' A remedy for hydro-
 phobia.
  ANTIHYDROPTC, Antihydrop'icus, Hydrop'.
 icus, from avn, 'against,' and 'vipoi\p, ' dropsy.' A
 remedy for dropsy.
  ANTIHYPNOTIC, Anthypnotic.
  ANTIHYSTERIC, Anthysteric
  ANTI-IC''TERIC,  Anti-icter'icus;  Icter'icus,
 from  avn, ' against,' and iKrcpos, 'jaundice'   A
 remedy for jaundice.
  ANTI-IMPETIGENES,  SOLOMON'S,  see
 Liquor Hydrargyri oxymuriatis.
  ANTILABIUM, Prolabium, see Antchabia.
  ANTILACTEUS,  Antigalactic
  ANTILAITEUX, Antigalactic.
  ANTILEP'SIS, Apprehen'sio, from avnXap-
 flavor, 'I take hold of.'  The mode of attaching a
 bandage over a diseased part, by fixing it  upon
 the sound parts. —Hippocrates.  The mode  of
 securing bandages, Ac,  from slipping.  Treat-
 ment  by revulsion  or derivation.
  ANTILETHAR'GIC,  Antilethar'gicus,  from
avn,  'against,'  and  XnOapytkos,  'affected  with
lethargy.'  A remedy for lethargy.
  ANTILITII'ICS,  Antilith'ica, Lith'ica,  from
avrt, 'against,'and Xtdos, 'a stone.'  A substance
that prevents the formation of calculi in the uri-
nary organs.
  The chief antilithics—according as the calculi
are lithic  acid or phosphatic — are  alkalies or
acids; with revellents, especially change of air;
tonics, as  diosma crenata [?], and uva ursir?].
  ANTILLY, MINERAL  WATERS  OF.   A
celebrated French  medicinal spring, near Meaux,
in France. The waters have not  been analyzed;
but astonishing and chimerical effects have been
ascribed to them.
  ANTILOBIUM, Antitragus, Tragus.
  ANTILOI'MIC, Antiloi'micus, Antilve'mic, An-
tipestilentia'lis, from  avrt,  ' against,' and Xotpo;,
'the plague.'  A remedy for the plague.
  ANTILO'PUS.  The An'telope.  (F.) Gazelle,
from  avQos,  'a flower,' and  toip, 'the eye' — so
called from its beautiful eye.  An African animal,
whose hoofs  and horns were formerly given ia
hysteric and  epileptic cases.
  ANTILYSSUS,  Antihydrophobic.
  ANTIMEL'ANCHOLIC,  Antimelanchol'.icus,
from  avri, 'against,' and  peXayxoXta, 'melan-
choly.'  A remedy for melancholy.
  ANTIMEPHITTC, Antimephit'icus, from avrt,
'against,'  and mephitic.  A remedy against me-
phitic or deleterious gases.
  ANTIMIASMAT'IC, Antimiasmalicus,  from
avn, 'against,'  and piacrpa, ptaoparos, 'miasma.'
A remedy against miasmatic  affections.
  ANTIMOINE,  Antimonium — a.  Bcurre  d',
Antimonium  muriatum—a. Chlorure d', Antimo-
nium muriatum—a. Oxide d', Algaroth-a. Oxide
Mane  d, Antimonium diaphoretieum— a Soufre
dore d, Antimonii sulphuretum prascipitatum —
a. Sulfure d, Antimonium—a. Sulfure, hydrosul- 
              A N TIM 0 N IA L              7

phure rouge d', Antiinonii sulphuretum rubrura
—a. Verre d', Antimonii vitrum.
  ANT I MO'NI AL, Antirtomia'lis, Stibia'lis, from
antimonium, 'antimony.'   A composition  into
which antimony enters.  A preparation of anti-
mony.
  Antimo'nial  Powder, Pub-is  antirnonia'lis,
Oe'tdum antimo'nii cum phos'phate calcis, Phos-
phas calcis stibia'tus  seu  cal'cicum  stibin'tum,
Pulvis Jarne'sii seu  stibia'tus seu de phos'phate
calcis et stib'ii compositus,  Factitious James's
Powder, Schwanberg's  Fever Powder, Chene-
Vix's Antimonial Powder, (F.)  Poudre antimo-
niale composee ou de James.   A peroxide of an-
timony combined with  phosphate of lime.  (Take
of  common  sulphuret of antimony, Ibj ; hartshorn
shavings, Ibij.  Roast in an  iron pot, until  they
form a  gray powder.  Put this into a long pot,
with a  small hole in  the cover.  Keep it in a red
heat for two hours, and grind to a fine powder.)
This preparation  has  long been esteemed  as a
febrifuge:  but it is  extremely  uncertain in  its
action.   The ordinary dose is 6 or 8 grains.
  ANTIMONIALE CAUSITCUM, Antimonium
muriatum.
  ANTI.MONIATUM   SULPHUR,  Antimonii
sulphuretum praecipitatum—a.  Tartar, Antimo-
nium tartarizatum.
  ANTIMONII  BUTYRUM, Antimonium  mu-
riatum—a.  Calx, Antimonium diaphoreticum—a.
Cerussa, Antimonium diaphoreticum—a.  et Po-
tassas tartras, Antimonium tartarizatum—a. Mu-
rias, Antimonium rauriatuin—a. Oleum, Antimo-
nium muriatum—a. Oxydulum hydrosulphuratum
aurantiacum, Antiinonii  sulphuretum pnocipita-
tura—a. Oxydum, see Algaroth—a. Oxydum aura.-
tuni, Antimonii sulphuratum praecipitatum  — a.
Oxydum nitro-muriaticum, Algaroth—a. Oxydum
cum sulphure vitrifactum, Antimonii vitrum  — a.
Oxydum sulphuretum vitrifactum, Antiinonii  vi-
trum—a. Oxysulphuretum, A. sulphuretum praeci-
pitatum—a. Potassio-tartras, Antimonium tartari-
zatum—a. Regulus medicinalis, Antimonium ine-
dicinale — a. Sal, Antimonium tartarizatum — a.
Sulphur auratura,  Antiinonii  sulphuretum  prae-
cipitatum— a. Sulphur praecipitatum, Antimonii
sulphuretum prascipitatum — a.  Sulphuretum,
Antimonium.
  Antimo'nii  Sulphure'tum   Pr^ecipita'tum,
Sulphur  antimonia'tum,  Hydrosulphure'turn sti-
bio'sum cum sulphure,  Oxo'des stib'ii sulphura'-
tum, Oxyd'ulum  antimo'nii hydrosulphura'titm
aurantiacum, Ox'ydum aitra'tum antimo'nii, Sul-
phure'tum  stib'ii  oxydula'ti,  Hydro-s.ulfure'tum
In'teum ox'ydi stib'ii siilfura'ti, Sulphur antimo'-
nii  pracipita'tum, Sulphur aura'tum  antimo'nii,
Golden Sulphur of Antimony.
  Antimo'nii Sulphure'tum Pracipitaturn, A. Oxy-
sulphuretum, (F.) Soufre  dore d'Antimoinc, of the
London Pharmacopoeia, is nearly the same as the
old Kermes or Chcrmes Mineral.   It is a powder
of  an orange colour, of a metallic, styptic taste.
It is emetic, diaphoretic, and cathartic, according
to the dose; and has been chiefly used in chronic
rheumatism, and in cutaneous affections.  Dose,
gr.  j to gr. iv.
  Antimonii Sulphuretum Pracipitaturn,  of the
United  States Pharmacopoeia, is made by boiling
together Sulphuret of Antimony,  in  fine powder,
Solution of Potassa, and distilled water; strain-
ing  the  liquor while hot, and dropping into it
Diluted  Sulphuric Acid so long as it produces a
precipitate.
  Antimo'nii Sulphure'tum Rubrum,7?c<? Sul-
phuret  of  Antimony,  Hydrosn/fure'tum  stib'ii
rubruin, Sub-hydrosulfas stib'ii. Ilyb-o-snlphure'-
tum rubrnm stib'ii sulphura'ti. Pubis  Carthusia-
no'rum, Kermes or Chermes mineral, (F.) Hydro-
sulfure  rouge d'Antimoine sulfttri,  Vermilion  de
5              ANTIMONIUM

Provence. Properties the same as the List.  Lose
gr. j to gr. iv.
   Antimonii Tartras, Antimonium tartarizatum
—a. Tartras et Potassas, Antimonium tartarizatum
—a. Vitrum hyacinthinum, Antimonii vitrum__a,
Tersulphuretum, Antimonium.
   Antimo'nii Vitrum, Glass  of Antimony, Anti-
mo'nii. ox'ydum sulphure'tum  vitrifac'tum,  Ox'-
ydum stib'ii  semivit'reum, Antiwo'nium vitrifac'-
tum, Ox'ydum antimo'nii cum  sulphure vitrifac'-
tum,  Vitrum stib'ii, Antimo'nii  vitrum hyaciu'-
thinum, Oxyd'ulum stib'ii vitna'tum, (F.)  Verre
d'Antimoine.   (Formed  by  roasting  powdered
common  antimony  in a  shallow vessel, over a
gentle fire, till it is of a whitish gray colour, and
emits no fumes in a red heat; then melting it, o:i
a  quick fire, into a clean, brownish  red  glass.)
It has been used  for preparing the  tartarized
antimony and antimonial  wine.
   ANTIMONIOUS ACID, Antimonium diapho-
reticum.
   ANTIMO'NIUM, of unknown derivation ;  by
some  supposed to  be from avn,  'against,' and
povos,  'alone;' i. e. not found  alone:  or, accord-
ing  to others, from avn, 'against,' and moine, 'a
monk;'  because,  it is asserted, certain monks
suffered much from it.  Stibi, Stib'ium, Rcg'ulus
Antimo'nii. Mincra'lium,  Gynace'um,  Maaue'sia
Satur'ni, Murcasi'ta plum'bea, Platyophtluilmon,
Stim'rni, Aurum lepro'snm, Antimo'nium crndiim,
Antimo'nii  sulphure'tum (Ph. U. S.), A. Tcrsul-
phure'tum,  Sulphure'tum stib'ii nigrum, Common
or Crude Antimony, Sulphuret of Antimony, (F.)
Antimoinc,  Sulfure  d'Antimoine.   Sulphuret of
antimony is  the ore from which all the prepara-
tions of antimony are formed.  In  Pharmacy, it
is the  native sesquisulphuret  of antimony, puri-
fied by fusion.   When prepared for medical use,
by trituration and  levigation, it forms a powder,
Antimo'nii  sulphure'tum  prapara'tnin, (Ph. D.)
of a black, or  bluish gray colour, which is inso-
luble.   It is slightly diaphoretic and  alterative,
and has been used in chronic rheumatism, cuta-
neous  diseases, Ac.
   Antimonium Album, Bismuth—a. Calcinatum,
Antimonium diaphoreticum.
   Antimo'nium   Diaphoret'icum,  Diaphoret'ic
Antimony, Antimo'nious Acid,  Min'eral Jiez'oartl,
Antimo'nium Calcina'tum, Mineral Diaphoret'ic,
Matierc perh'e de Kerkring, Peroxide of Anti-
mony,  Calx Antimo'nii, Antimo'nium diaphoret'-
icum lotum, Ccrtts'sa Antimo'nii, Calx Antimo'nii
elo'ta, Oxo'des stib'ii album, Ox'ydum stibio'sum,
Ox'ydum stib'ii album median'te niiro  confection,
Potassa biantimo'nias, Deutoxide of Antimuu,/,
(F.) Oxide  blanc  d'Antimoine prepare par le
moyen du nitre.  (Common  antimony, Ibj; purified
nitre, Ibiij.—Throw it by spoonfuls into a red-hot
crucible;  powder and wash.   The flowers that
stick to the side of the crucible must be carefully
separated, otherwise  they  render  it emetic)
Dose, gr.  x. to xxx.
   Antimonium Emeticum, A. tartarizatum.
   Antimo'nium  Mk.dicina'lk, I'eg'ulus Antimo'-
nii Medicina'lis, Jletlic"inal  Reg'nlns of Anti-
mony.   (Antimon. sulphur.  £v Potass, subcarb.
^i Sodii chlorid. ^iv.  Powder, mix.  and melt.
When  cold, separate the  scorias  at top, powder
the mass, and wash it well.)   It  is conceived to
be more active than common antimony.
   Antimo'nium  Muria'tum, Antimo'nii Mu'rias,
Chlor'uret of  An'timony, Chlorure'tum  stib'ii,
Spuina triurn  draco'num, Dtitto-murias  stib'ii
sublima'tiis, Butter of Antimony, Muriate of An-
timony, Chloride of Antimony,  Hut ij'rum Antimo'-
nii seu stib'ii, O'leurn Antimo'nii, Caus'ticum auti-
monia'le,  Antimonium  sali'tttm,  (F.)  Chlorttre
d'Antimoine, Beurre d'Antimoine.  (Common an- 
ANTIMONY
74
ANTIPI1YSICAL
 timony and  corrosive sublimate,  of each equal
 parts: grind  together, and distil in a wide-necked
 retort, and let the butyraeeous matter, that comes
 over, run, in a moist place, to a liquid  oil.)  A
 caustic, but not much used as such.  Sometimes
 taken as poison.
   Antimonium Salitum, Antimonium muriatum.
   Antimo'nium Tartahiza'tum,  Tartras  anti-
 mo'nii, Tartras Antimo'nii  et Potassa, Antimo'-
 nii et Potassa  Tartras (Ph.  U. S.), Antimo'nii
 jiotas'sio-tartras, Tartris  Antimo'nii, Tartar An-
 timonia'tum,  Sal  Antimo'nii,  Tartras Potas'sa
 stibio'sus sen etibia'lis, Tartris lixiv'ia stibia'tus,
 Deattr-tartrax potas'sa et  stib'ii, Tar'tarns ernel-
 icus seu stibia'tus. Tar'tarum emet'icum, Antimo'-
 nium emet'icttm, Tar'tarizcd An'timony, Tartrate
 of Antimony anil potas'sa, Potassio-tartrate  of
 Antimony, Emet'ic  Tartar, Tartar Emetic, (F.)
 Tart re stibie,  Tart re Politique,  Emetique;  in
 some parts of the United  States,  vulgarly and
 improperly called  Tartar:  (Made by digesting
 sulphuret of antimony in  a mixture of nitric and
 muriatic acids with the aid of heat; filtering the
 liquor,  and  pouring it into water:  freeing the
 precipitate from acid, by  washing and drying  it;
 adding this  powder  to bitartrate  of potassa  in
 boiling distilled water;  boiling  for an hour, and
 after filtering  the liquor while hot, setting it
 aside to crystallize.—Ph.  U. S.)  Tartarized an-
 timony is  emetic, sometimes  cathartic and dia-
 phoretic.  Externally, it  is rubefacient,  and  in
 the form of ointment, more especially unguentum
 antimonii is used  to cause pustulation.  Dose, as
 an emetic, gr. j to gr. iv in solution : as a dia-
 phoretic, gr.  one-sixteenth to gr. one-quarter.
   The  empirical  preparation, called Norris's
 Drops, consists of a solution  of tartarized  anti-
 mony in rectified spirit,   disguised  by the addi-
 tion of  some vegetable colouring matter.
   Antimonium Vitrifactum, Antimonii vitrum.
   ANTIMONY,  Antimonium — a. Butter  of,
 Antimonium  muriatum — a. Chloride of, Anti-
 nioniuiu muriatum — a.   Chloruret of,  Antimo-
 nium muriatum — a. Common, Antimonium —
 a. Crude, Antimonium — a. Deutoxide  of, Anti-
 monium diaphoreticum — a. Flowers  of,  Alga-
 roth—a. Glass  of,  Antimonii vitrum—a.  Golden
 sulphur of, Antimonii sulphuretum  praecipitatum
 —a. Medicinal regulus of, Antimonium  medici-
 nale—a. Muriate of, Antimonium  muriatum—a.
 Peroxide of,  Antimonium   diaphoreticum — a.
 Potassio-tartrate of, Antimonium tartarizatum—
 a. Sulphuret of, red, Antimonii sulphuretum ru-
 brum—a. Tartarized, Antimonium tartarizatum—
 a. Terchloride  of, see Algaroth—a. Teroxide  of,
 see Algaroth—a. Vegetable, Eupatorium  perfoli-
 atum.
   Antimony  and Potassa,  Tartrate of, Anti-
 monium tartarizatum.
   ANTINEPHRIT'IC, Antinephret'ic,  Antine-
 phret'icus, from avn,  'against,' and vetppiTts, 'ne-
 phritis.'  A remedy for inflammation of the kidney
   ANTINEUROPATHIC, Nervine.
   ANTINEUROTIC, Nervine.
   ANTIXIAD, see Antinial.
   ANTIN'IAL, from avn,  'against,' and  iviov,
 'the  ridge of  the  occiput.'  An epithet for  an
 aspect towards the side opposite to the inion,  or
 ridge of the occiput.—Barclay. Antiniad  is used
 adverbially  by the same  writer, to signify 'to-
 wards the antinial aspect.'
   ANTI'OCHI  HI'ERA.  A  preparation ex-
 tolled by the ancients in  melancholy, hydropho-
 bia, epilepsy, Ac.  It was formed of germander,
 agaric, pulp of colocynth.  Arabian stoschas, opo-
ponax,  sagapenum,  parsley,  aristolochia,  white
pepper, cinnamon, lavender, myrrh, honey,  Ac.
   Antiochi Tiieriaca.  A theriac employed by
Antioehns against every kind of poison.   It was
 composed  of thyme,  opoponax,  millet,  trefoil,
 fennel, aniseed, nigella sativa, Ac.
   ANTIODON'TAL'GIC,  Antodontalgic,  Anto-
 dontalgicus, Odontalgic, Odonlic, Antiodontal-
 gicits, from avri ' against,' and oiovraXyta, ' tooth-
 ache.'  A remedy for toothache.
   ANTIORGAS'TIC, Antiorgas'licus, from avrt,
 'against,'and  opyaur, 'I desire vehemently.'  A
 remedy for orgasm or erethism, and for irritation
 in general.
   ANTIPARALYT'IC, Antiparalyt'icus,  from
 avn,  ' against,' and  -napaXvats, 'palsy.'   Opposed
 to palsy.
   ANTIPARASITIC,  Antipar-asit'icus,   Anti-
 phtheiriacus, Phthi'rius, Parasit'icide ; from avn,
 ' against.' and  -apatxtros, 'a parasite'   An agent
 that  destroys parasites, as the different vermin
 that  infest the  body.  The chief antiparasitics
 are Cocculus, Staphisagria, Veratrum album, and
 certain of the mercurial preparations.
   ANTIPARASTATI'TIS, from avn, ' opposite,'
 and napaararns, ' the epididymis ;'  also, ' the pros-
 tate,' and itis,  denoting inflammation.  Inflam-
 mation of Cowper's  glands.
   ANTIPATHI'A, from avn, 'against,' and nados,
 'passion,  affection.'  Aversion.   A natural re-
 pugnance to  any person or thing.
   ANTIPATII'IC,  Antipath'icus, (F.) Antipa-
 thique. Belonging to antipathy.  Opposite, con-
 trary,—as  humeurs  autipathiques; humours op-
 posed to each other.  Also, palliatives.
   ANTLP'ATRI  TIIERIACA, Theriac  of An-
 tip'ater.   A farrago  of more than 40 articles:
 used  as an antidote  against the bites of serpents.
   ANTIPERIODTC,  Antiperiod'icus,  Antityp'.
 icus, from avn,  'against,' and itepioios, 'period.'
 A remedy which possesses the power of arresting
 morbid periodical movements ;—e. g. the sulphate
 of quinia in  intermittents.
  ANTIPERISTALTIC, Antiperistalticus, An-
 tivermic'ular, from avn, 'against,'  and ttcoioteAAu,
 'I contract.'  An inverted action of the intestinal
 tube.
   ANTIPERIS'TASIS.from avn, 'against,'and
 nepioraats,  'reunion, aggregation.'  A union of
 opposite circumstances  : the action  of two con-
 trary qualities, one of which augments the force
 of the other.  The peripateticians asserted, that
 it is by Antiperistasis, that  fire is hotter in winter
 than  in summer.  Theophrastus  attributes  the
 cause, which renders   man  more vigorous, and
 makes him digest more readily in winter, to the
 augmentation of heat caused by Antiperistasis.
  ANTIPER'NIUS, from  avn,  'against,' and
 Pernio, 'a chilblain.'  A  remedy against  chil-
 blains ;—as  Ungual turn antiper'nium, an  oint-
 ment for chilblains.
  ANTIPERTUSSIS,  see Zinci sulphas.
  ANTIPESTILENTIALIS, Antiloimic
  ANTIPHARMACUS, Alexipharmic.
  ANTIPHLOGIS'TIC, Antiphloqis'ticus, Phlo-
go'gus, from avn, < against,' and tyXeyur, ' I  burn.'
 Opposed to  inflammation; as Antiphlogistic re-
 medies, A. regimen, Ac
  ANTIPHTHEIRIACA,  Antiphthiriaca,  from
 avn,  'against,'  and  tpSttpiato, 'I  am lousy.'  A
remedy used  to  destroy lice.
  ANTIPHTHIS'ICAL,  Antiphthis'icus,  from
avn,  'against,' and  tpSicis,  'consumption.'  Op-
posed to phthisis.
  ANTIPHYSETICS,  Carminatives.
  ANTIPHYSICA,  Carminatives.
  ANTIPHYS'ICAL,  Antiphys'icus, from  am,
 against,'and tpvaaur, 'I blow.' An  expeller of
wind: a carminative.
  It has also been used for any thing preterna-
tural; here, the derivation is from  avn, 'against,'
and 0„CTK)  <nature.'  The French souietinTes say,
 Un gout autiphysique,'  'au unnatural taste.' 
AXTIPLASTIC             7 5                 ANTRUM
  ANTIPLAS'TIC, Autipl.ts'ticns,  Plastilyt'ic, !i
Plastilyt'icus, from avn, 'against,' and nXaartKos, I
'formative.'   Antiformative.   An  agent  that |
diminishes the quantity of plastic matter—fibrin
—in the blood.
  ANTIPLEURIT'IC,  Antipleuret'icus,  Anti-
pleurct'ic,  from  avn, 'against,'  and  -itXevpms,
' pleurisy.'  Opposed to pleurisy.
  AN ITPNEUMON'IC, Antipneumon'icus, from
avn, 'against,' and itvevporvta, 'disease or inflam-
mation  of the lungs.'  A remedy for disease or
inflammation of the lungs.
  ANTI PODAGRIC,  Antiarthritic.
  ANTIPRAX'IS,  from  avn,  'against,'  and
Trpaooar,  ' I  act.'  A contrary state  of  different
parts in the  same patient:  e. g. an  increase of
beat, in one organ, and diminution in another.
  ANTIPSOR'IC, Antipso'riciis, Antisca'bious,
from  avn, 'against,'  and tporpa, 'the itch.'   (F.)
Antii/a/eii.c.   Opposed to the itch.
  ANTI PUTRID, Antiseptic.
  ANTIPY'IC, Antiprf icus, from avn, 'against,'
and iruov, 'pus.'   Opposed to suppuration.
  ANTIPYRETIC, Febrifuge.
  AN ITI'YROT'IC,  Antipyrot'icus,  from avrt,
'against,' and ttvp, 'fire.'   Opposed  to  burns or
to pyrosis.
   ANTIQUARTANA'RIUM, Anti guar'tium.  A
remedy formerly  used against quartan fever.
   ANTIQUES, Chronic.
   ANTIRHACHIT'IC,  Antirhachit'icus,  from
 avn, 'against,' and rachitis.  Opposed to rachitis,
 or rickets.
   ANTIRHEUMATIC, Antirrheumalicus; from
 avn, ' against,'  and pevpa, 'rheumatism.'   A re-
 medy for rheumatism.
   ANTIRIIINUM ACUTANGULUM, A. Lina-
 ria.—a. Auiiculatum, A. Elatine.
   Antirhi'num Elati'nE, A. auricula'tum, Ela-
 tine, E. hasta'ta, Liua'ria  elatine,  Cymbala'ria
 elatine, Fluellen  or  Female  Speedwell, was for-
 merly used against scurvy  and old ulcerations.
   Antirhiniim   Hederaceum,  A.   Linaria—a.
 Iledenofolium,  A. Linaria.
   Antirhi'num   Lina'ria,  A. hedera'ceum  seu
 hederafo'liuin  seu  acutan'giilum,  Lina'ria, L.
 vulga'ris  seu  cymbala'ria,  Elatine  cymbala'-
 ria,  Cymbala'ria mura'lis,  Osy'ris,  Urina'ria,
 Common Toad Flax, (F.) Linaire.  Ord. Scrophu-
 lariaceas.  The leaves have a bitterish taste. They
 are reputed  to be  diuretic and cathartic.  An
 ointment made from  them has been extolled in
 hemorrhoids.
   ANTISOABIOUS, Antipsoric
   ANTISCIRRIIOUS.  Anticancerous.
   AN'ITSCOLETICUS, Anthelmintic.
   ANTISCOLICUS, Anthelmintic
   ANTISCORBU'TIC,  Antiscorbu'ticus,   from
 avn, 'against,' and scorbutus, 'the scurvy.'  Op-
 posed  to scurvy.
   ANTISCROF'ULOUS,  Antiscroph'ulous, An-
 tiscrofulo'sus,  Antistrumo'sus, Antichoerad'icus.
 Opposed to scrofula.
    ANTISEP'TIC, Antisep'ticus,  Anlipu'triil,
 from avn, 'against,' and anttros, 'putrid.'  Anti-
 putrcdinii'sus.   Opposed  to  putrefaction. The
 chief  antiseptics, internally  or  externally  em-
 ployed, are  Acidum  Muriaticum, Acidum  Xitri-
 ctun,   Acidum  Sulphuricum,  Alumina  sulphas,
  Carbo Lii/ni, Calx Chlorinata, Chloriu'inm, Cin-
 chona, and  its  active principles, Creosote, Dauci
 Radix, Fcrmcntum  Cerevisia, Soda Chlorinata,
 and Zinci Chloridum.
    ANTISIAL'AGOGUE,  Antisialago'gus, Anti-
 si'alus, from avn, 'against/ and aiaXov, 'saliva.'
 A remedv against ptyalism.
    ANTISI'ASIS. Derivation, l.evulsion.
    ANTISP VSMOD'IC. Antispasmodics, Anti-
 siMis'ticus, from avn, ' against, and ir-ao., ' I con-
tract.'  Opposed to spasm.  The whole operation
of antispasmodics is probably revulsive.  The
following are the chief reputed antispasmodics.
sEther Sulphuricus, Asafcetida, Castoreum, Dra-
contium, Moschus, Oleum Animate Dippelii, and
 Valeriana—with the mental antispasmodics, ab-
straction, powerful emotions, fear, Ac.  Of direct
antispasmodics,  we have no example.
  ANTISPASTICUS, Antispasmodic,  Deriva-
tive.
  ANTISQUA'MIC, Antisqua'micus ; from anti,
'against,' and squama, 'a scale.'  A name given
by Mr. Headland to a medicine, which, by acting
on the blood, removes cutaneous affections. The
name is inappropriate, as the true scaly diseases
—lepra and psoriasis—are  not the only ones that
require the use of eutrophics.
  ANTISTASIS, Antagonism.
  ANTISTERYG'MA, from  avn, 'against.' and
arnpvypa, ' a support.' A fulcrum, support, crutch.
—Hippocrates.
  ANTISTER'NUM,  from avn, 'against,' and
orepvov, 'the sternum.'  The back.—Rufus.
  ANTISTRUMOUS, Antiscrofulous.
  ANTISYPIIILIT'IC, Antisyphilit'icus, from
avn,  'against,'  and  syphilis, 'the venereal dis-
ease.'   Opposed to the venereal disease.
  ANTITASIS, Counter-extension.
  ANTITIIENAR,  Opponens  pollicis, Adductor
pollicis pedis.
  ANTITIIERMA,  Refrigerants.
  ANTITHORA, Aconitum anthora.
  ANTITRAG'ICUS, Antitra'geus, (F.)  Muscle
 de I'Antitragus, M. antitragicn.—(Ch.)  Belong-
 ing  to the antitragus.  A small muscle is  so
 called,  the  existence of which is not constant.
 It occupies  the space between the antitragus and
 anthelix.
  ANT1TRAGIEN, Antitragicus.
  ANTIT'RAGUS,  from avn,  'opposite  to,' and
 rpayos, 'the tragus,' Antilo'bium, Oblo'bium.  A
 conical eminence on the pavilion of the  ear, op-
 posite the tragus.
   ANTITYP'IA, from avn, 'against,'and tutttw,
 ' I  strike.'  Resistance.   Hardness. Repercus-
 sion.
   ANTITYPICUS. Antiperiodic
   ANTIVENE'KEAL, Antivene'reus, from avn,
 'against,' and  Venus, 'Venus.'  The same as An-
 tisyphilitic Formerly it was used synonymously
 with Antaphrodisiac.
   ANTIVERMICULAR,  Antiperistaltic.
   ANTIVERMINOSUS, Anthelmintic.
   ANT'LIA   or ANTLI'A,  from  avrXetv, 'to
 pump out.'  A syringe; a pump.  Hence, Antlia
 lac'tea, Lactisu'gium, a breast-pump; and Antlia
 sanguisu'ga, Antibdella, Hiru'do artificia'lis, the
 exhausting syringe  used in cupping.
   Antlia Gastrica, Stomach-pump.
   ANTODONTALGIC, Antiodontalgic
   ANTODYNUS, Anodyne.
   ANTRAX, Anthrax.
   AN TEE, Antrum — a. d'Hyghmore,  Antrum
 of Highmore.
   ANTROVERSIO, Anteversio.
   ANTRUM,'a cavern,'  Cavern'a, Bar'athrum,
  (F.) Antre.  A name given to certain cavities  in
  bones, the  entrance to which is smaller  than the
  bottom.
   Antrum Auris,  Tympanum—a. Buccinosum,
  Cochlea, Labyrinth — a. Dentale, see Tooth — a.
  Pylori, see Stomach.
   Antrum  of  Highmore, Antrum  Highmoria'-
  Innm seu Gena seu maxilla're  seu maxilla snpe-
  rio'ris, Genyan'triim,  Gnathan'trum, Max'Mary
  Sinus, Sinus Genapituita'rius, (F.) Autre il'Hygh-
|| more,  Sinus Maxillaire.  A  deep  cavity in  the
  substance  of the superior maxillary bone com-
;i municating with the middle meatus of the nose. 
ANTSJAR                7G                aperient
It is lined by a prolongation of the Schneiderian
membrane.
  ANTSJAR, Upas.
  ANULARIS, Annular.
  ANULUS, Fossette.
  AN URESIS, Ischuria.
  ANURIA, Ischuria.
  ANUROCRINIE, see Ischuria.
  AXURORRHEE, see Ischuria.
  ANUS, 'a circle,' Podex, Potex, Molyne, Mo-
lyn'ie, Dactylios, Cath'edra, Cyr'ceon, Cys'saros,
Cysthos,  Aph'edra, Aph'edron, Hedra, Proctas,
Archos, Secies, Cuius, Cu'leon.  The circular open-
ing situate at the inferior extremity of the rectum,
by which the excrement is expelled.  The/untf«-
nient.  The  body.   The seat,  (F.) Siege, Fonde-
ment.
  Anus also signifies the anterior orifice of the
Aqueduct of Sylvius.  By some, this Anus, called,
also, Fora'men commu'ne  poste'rius,  has been
supposed to form  a communication between  the
back part of the third ventricle  and  the lateral
ventricles.  It is close"d up, however, by the  tela
choroidea, and also by  the fornix, which is  inti-
mately connected  with this.  The  foramen is
situate  between the  commissura mollis  of  the
optic thalami and  the pineal gland.
  Anus, Artificial.  An opening made artifi-
cially, to supply the place of the natural anus.  The
term is often used to include preternatural anus.
  Anus Cerebri,  see Aquosductus Sylvii.
  Anus, Contract'ed, (F.) Anus ritreci.  A state
of  the  anus when, from  some cause, it is con-
tracted.
  Anus,  Imperforate.    A  malformation, in
which there is no natural  anus.   See Atresia ani
adnata.
  Anus, Preternat'ural,  (F.) Anus contre na-
ture, A. anormal.   An accidental opening which
gives issue  to the whole or to a part of the faeces.
It  may be owing  to a wound, or, which is more
common, to gangrene attacking  the intestine in
a hernial sac
  This term is also employed,  as well  as Anus
devie, de'vious anus, to the case where the anus, in-
stead of being in its natural situation, is in some
neighbouring cavity, as the bladder, vagina, etc.
  ANXIETAS, Anxiety—a.  Prascordiorum, see
Anxiety.
  ANXI'ETY, Anxi'etas, Anxi'etude, Adamo'-
nia, Dyspho'ria anxi'etas, Alys'mus, Alyce,  AV-
ysis, Ase, (F.) Anxiete, from  angere,  Gr. ayytiv,
'to strangle, to suffocate.'  A state of restlessness
 and agitation, with general indisposition, and a
 distressing  sense of oppression at the epigastrium,
 Anxi'etas pracordio'rum.  Inquietude,  anxiety,
 and anguish, represent degrees  of the same  con-
 dition.
   ANYTPNIA, Insomnia.
   AOCHLE'SIA,  from a, priv., and  o^Aoj,  'dis-
 turbance.'   Tranquillity, calmness.
   AOR'TA, Arte'ria magna seu  crassa seu max'-
 ima,  Hamal Axis, of Owen, (F.)  Aorte.   This
 name was  given  by Aristotle to the  chief artery
 of  the body.  It  may have  been derived  from
 aoprcoixat, 'I am  suspended,' as it seems to be
 suspended  from the heart; or from anp, 'air,' and
 motor, 'I keep,' because it was  supposed to  con-
 tain air.  It is probable that Hippocrates meant
 by aoprai the bronchia and  their ramifications.
 The aorta  is the common trunk  of the arteries of
 the body.  It arises from the left ventricle of the
 heart, about opposite to the fifth dorsal vertebra,
 passes upwards (ascending Aorta), forms the  great
 arch of the Aorta, and  descends along the left
 of the spine (descending Aorta), until it reaches
  the middle of the fourth or fifth lumbar vertebra,
 where it bifurcates, to  give origin to the common
 iliacs.  The aorta is sometimes divided into the
Thoracic or Pectoral, and  the  Abdominal.   For
the arteries which arise from it, etc., see Artery.
  AORTASIE, Aorteurysma.
  AORTECTASIE, Aorteurysma.
  AORTEURYS'MA,  from  aoprrj,  'the  aorta,'
and evpvs, 'dilated.'  Aneurism  of the Aorta, (F.)
Anivrysme de  VAorte,  Aortectasie,  Aortanie.—
Piorry.   By carefully auscultating  over the dor-
sal vertebras, a bellows' sound, with a deep  and
not always perceptible impulse, may be detected.
  AOR'TIC, Aor'ticus.   Relating to the  Aorta,
The Aortic ventricle, (F.) Ventricitle Aortique, in
the left ventricle.  The Aortic valves  are the  sig-
moid valves at the origin of the Aorta, etc.
  AORTI'TIS, Inflamma'tio Aor'ta, from Aorta,
and itis, denoting inflammation.  Inflammation
of the aorta.
  AORTRA, Aortron.  A  lobe  of the lungs.—
Hippocrates.
   ACTUS, from a, privative, and ovs, taros,  'an
ear.'  A monster devoid of ears.—Gurlt.
   APAG'MA, Apoclas'rna, Apocecaulis'menon,
from diro, 'from,' and ayur, 'I remove'  Separa-
tion, abduction.  Separation of a fractured bone.
—Galenus, Foesius.
   APAGOGE, Defecation, Inductio.
   APALACHINE, Ilex vomitoria— a. d Feuillen
de Prunier, Prinos—a.  Gallis, Ilex vomitoria.
   APAL'LAGE, Apallax'is, from a7raAuTr<o, 'I
change.'   Mutation, change.   It  is  generally
taken in  a good sense,  and means  the  change
from disease to health.-—Hippocrates.
   APALLAXIS, Apallage.
   APALOT'ICA, from  airaXorns,  'softness,  ten-
derness.'   Fortuitous lesions or deformities affect-
ing the soft parts.   The first order in the class
Tychica, of Good.
   APANTHESIS, Apanthismus.
   APANTHIS'MUS, Apanthe'sis, from  avo,
'from,'  and  avdeor, 'I flower.'   The  obliteration
of parts previously inservient to useful purpose?,
as of the ductus venosus and  ductus arteriosus,
which are essential to  foetal existence,  but are
subsequently unnecessary.  See also Stuprum.
   APANTHRO'PIA,  from otto,  'from,' and av-
Sptirnos, 'man.'   Detestation of man;  desire for
solitude.—Hippocrates.  One  of  the symptoms
of hypochondriasis.
   APAPHRISMOS, Desrmroation.
   APARACH'YTUM  VINUM,  from a, priv.,
and rtapaxvoi, 'I pour  over.'   The purest wine:
that which has not been mixed with sea-water.—
 Galen.
   APARINE, Galium aparine—a. Hispida, Ga-
lium aparine.
   APARTHROSIS, Diarthrosis.
   AP'ATHY,  Apathi'a, Amelia, from a, priva-
 tive, and na&os, 'affection.'   (F.) Apathie.  Ac-
 cidental  suspension of the moral  feelings.  It
 takes  place in very severe diseases, particularly
 in malignant fevers.
   APECHE'MA, from  a™,  'from,'  and  iivof,
 'sound.'   Properly the action of reflecting sound.
 In medicine,  it is  synonymous with the Latin
 Contrafissura, a counter-fissure, a counter-blow.
 —Gorraeus, Celsus.
   APECTOCEPHALUS, Acephalothorus.
   APEL'LA,  Appella, Leipoder'mos, Recitti'tus,
 from a, priv.,  and pellis, 'skin.'   One whose pre-
 puce does not cover  the  glans.— Galenus,  Lin-
 naeus,  Vogel.  Retraction  or smallness of any
 other soft appendage.—Sagar.  One who is cir-
 cumcised.
   APEPSIA, Dyspepsia.
   APE'RIENT, Ape'riens, Aperiti'vus, from ape-
 rire (ab and  pario),  'to open.'  Res'erans.  A
 laxative.   (F.)  Apiritif.   A  medicine which
 gently  opens the  bowels.  The term had for-
 merly a much more extensive  signification, and, 
APERISTATON             77               APIASTRUM
like Catalyt'icum, was given to a substance sup-
posed to have  the  power of opening any of the
passages, and even the blood-vessels.
  APERISTATON,  Aperis'tatum, from  a, pri-
vative, ami ireptuTJipt, 'I surround.'   An epithet
for an ulcer not dangerous nor considerable  nor
surrounded by  inflammation.
  APERITIF, Aperient.
  APERITIVES, Aperient.
  APERTOR  OCULI, Levator  palpebras supe-
rioris.
  APERTO'RTUM, from  aperio, 'I open.'  An
instrument for dilating the os uteri during labour.
  APERTURA, Mouth — a.  Anterior ventriculi
tertii cerebri, Vulva (cerebri)—a. Pelvis superior,
see Pelvis.
  APEUTIIYSMENOS, Rectum.
   APEX,  Macro.   The point or extremity of a
part,—as the apex of the tongue, nose, etc.
   Apex Lingua, Proglossis.
   APII.ERESIS, Apheresis,  Extirpation.
   APHALANUI'ASIS, from a, 'intensive,'and
daXayt, 'phalanx.'  The fourth stage of Oriental
leprosy, which is recognised chiefly by a gangre-
nous condition of the fingers.
   APIIASSOM'ENOS, from  a<paatror, 'I touch, I
feel.'  The touching of the parts  of generation
of the female as a means of diagnosis.—Hippo-
crates.   See Esaphe.
   APIIEDRA, Anus.
   APHEDRIA, Menses.
   APHEDltON, Anus.
   API! ELI'A, a^eXns,  'simple.'  Simplicity.
The simple manners  of the sect of Methodists in
teaching and practising medicine.
   APHELX'IA, from atpeXKta, 'I abstract.'  Vo-
luntary  inactivity of the whole or  the  greater
 part  of the external  senses to the impressions of
surrounding objects, during wakefulness.  Re-
 cerij,  (F.)  Reverie.   Dr. Good has introduced
 this  into his Nosology, as well as Aphel.c'ia so-
 cors  or absence of mind—A. inten'ta or abstrac-
 tion  of mind:  and A. otio'sa,  Stn'ilium ina'nc,
 Cenospu'dia, brown study or listless musing!
   APIIEPSEMA,  Decoction.
   APHEPSIS, Decoction.
   APHE'RESIS, Apha'resis, from  atpatpeoi, 'I
 take away.' An operation by which any part of
 the  body  is separated from  the other.  Hippo-
 crates, according  to Foesius, uses the expression
 Apha'resis San'guinis for excessive hemorrhage;
 and  Sennertus, to express the  condition of an
 animal deprived both of the faculties of the mind
 and of the mind itself.
   APII'ESIS, from aiptvpi, 'I relax.'  A  remis-
 sion.  This word expresses sometimes the dimi-
 nution  or cessation of a disease; at others, lan-
 guor and  debility of the lower extremities.  See
 Languor, and Remission.
   APHILAN'THROPY, Aphilanthro'pia, from a,
 privative,  tjuXeor, 'I love,' and avSpurnos, 'a man.'
 Dislike to  man.  Love  of solitude.   A'ogel har
 given this name to the first degree of melancholy
   APIIISTESIS, Abscess.
   APHODEUMA, Excrement.
   APHOOUS. Excrement.
   APHONETUS, Aphonus.
   APHO'NIA, Liga'tio lingua, Loqtte'la abolita,
 Defec'tus  loqtte'la, Dyspho'nia, (of some,) Aph'-
 ony.  (F.) Aphonic, /'cite de la Voix, from a, pri-
 vative, and tpurvi).  'voice'   Privation of voice, or
 of the sounds  that ought to be produced in  the
 glottis.  When aphonia forms part of catarrh or
of' cold,' it is commonly but of little consequence ;
but  when  produced by causes acting on the ner-
vous system,  as by  some powerful  emotion, or
without  any appreciable lesion of the vocal appa-
ratus. (La>■ iingo-paralysis,) it frequently resists
all remedies.
__ ArnoMA, Catalepsy — a. Surdorum, Mutitas
3urdorum.
  APHONICUS, Aphonus.
  APHO'NUS,  Apho'nicus,  Apho'netus;  same
ety.non.   Relating to aphonia.
  APHONY, Aphonia.
  APHORIA, Sterilitas.
  APHORICUS, Sterile.
  APHORUS^ Sterile.
  APHOU'ME,  atpopprj,  'occasion.'  The  exter-
nal and manifest cause of any thing.   The occa-
sional cause of a disease.—Hippocrates.
  APHRO'DES, 'frothy,' from  atppos,  'foam,'
and etios, 'resemblance.'   Applied  to  the  blood
and the excrements.—Hippocrates.
  APHRODISIA, Coition, Puberty.
  APHRODISTAC, Aphrodisiacus, from  Atfrpo-
iiTri,  'Venus,'  (F.)  Aphrodisiaque.   Medicine
or food  believed to be capable of exciting  to the
pleasures of love; as  ginger, cautharides,  Ac.
They are generally stimulants.
  APHRODISIACUS, Venereal.
  APHRODISIASMUS, Coition.
  APHRODISIOG'RAPHY, from Atppoitrr,, 'Ve-
nus,' and ypaipw, 'I  describe.'  Etymologically,
this term means a description of the pleasures of
love, but it has been placed at the head of a work
describing the venereal disease.
  APHRODITIC, Venereal.
  APHROG'ALA, from atppos, 'foam,' and yaXa,
'milk.'   Lac spumo'sum. A name formerly given
to milk rendered frothy by agitation.
  APHRONIA, Apoplexy.
  APHRONITRUM, Natrum, Soda.
  APHROSYNE, Delirium, Insanity.
  APHTHAE, Aphta, Aptha, from avrta,  'I in-
flame."   Thrush or sore mouth,  Aphtha lactu'ci-
men seu  Infinitum,  Lactu'cimen,  Laetucim'ina,
Lactu'mina, Alcola,  Em'phlysis aphtha,  Ulcera
serpen'tia oris. Pus'tula oris, Febris  aphtho'sa,
Angi'nu aphtho'sa,  Vesic'u/a gingiva'riim, Sto-
matitis exsudati'va seu vesiculosa infinitum, Sto-
map'yra, S. aphtha,  PrunelUi,  White  Thrush,
Milk. Thrush.  Aphthae consist of roundish,  pearl-
coloured  vesicles, confined to the lips, mouth,
and intestinal canal,  and generally terminating
in curd-like sloughs.  In France, the Aphthae of
children, Aphthes tics Enfans, is called Muguct,
Millet,  Blanchet, Catarrhe buccal and Stomatite
cremeuse  pultacSe,  Pultaceous inflammation  of
the Mouth; and generally  receives  two divisions
—the mild  or discreet, (P.) Muguct benin ou dis-
cret, and the malignant, (F.) Muguet malin  ou
confluent, the Black Thrush.   Common Thrush is
a disease of no  consequence, requiring merely
the  use  of absorbent laxatives.  The  malignant
variety, which is rare, is of a more serious cha-
racter, and is accompanied with typhoid symp-
toms,— Typhus aphthoideus.
  Aphthae Adultorum, Stomatitis, aphthous—a.
Prasputii, Herpes prasputii—a. Serpentes, Cancer
aquaticus.
  APH'THAPHYTE, Aphthaph'yton : Oid'irtm
alb'icans, Champignon du  Jluguet,  from   atpdat,
'aphthae,' and ipvrov, 'a vegetable.' A parasitic
vegetable growth observed in aphthae.
  APHTHE  GANGRENEUX,  Cancer  aqua-
ticus.
  APHTHES DES  EXFAXS, Aphthos.
  APHTHEUX. Aphthous.
  APHTHO'DES, Aphthoides, Aphthoi'deus, from
aphtha, and £i<5os, 'resemblance.'  Aphthous-like.
Resembling aphtha?.
  APHTHOUS, Aphtho'sus, (F.) Aphtheux.  Be-
longing  to  aphthae;  complicated  with aphthos;
as Aphthous Fever.
  APIASTRUM, Melissa. 
APICES                 78            APOGALACTOS
  APICES  CRURUM  MEDULLA  OBLON-
GATA,  Corpora  striata—a. Digitorum,  Pu-
pulas.
  APILEPSIA, Apoplexy.
  A'PIOL, Apio'lum, Parsley oil, from apium,
'parsley,'  and oleum, 'oil.'  A  yellowish  oily
liquid, obtained   from  apium petroselinum or
parsley, which, in  the  dose  of  15 grains, has
been used  as an antiperiodic
  APIOXTA, see Excretion.
  APIOS, Pyrus communis.
  APIS, Bee.
  API'TES, from airiov,  'a pear.'  Perry.—Gor-
raeus.
  APIUM, A. graveolens—a. Ammi, Ammi — a.
Anisum, Pimpinella anisum — a. Carvi, Carum.
  A'pium  Graveolens, Apium,  Pallida'pium,
Bellnum,  Ses'eli graveolens, Slum graveolens seu
opium, Smallage,  (F.) Ache.  Ord. Umbelliferas.
Sex. Syst.  Pentandria Digynia.    The  plants,
roots, and seeds  are aperient  and carminative.
Selery is a variety of this.
  Apium  Hortense, A.  graveolens — a.  Monta-
num, Athamanta aureoselinum — a. Paludapium,
A. Graveolens—a. Petrasum,Bubon Macedonicum.
  Apium Petroseli'num, Apium  Horten'se seu
vnlga're, Elcosellnum, [? ],  'Grielum, Petroseli-
num,  Common Parsley, (F.) Persil.  The root—
Petroselinum, (Ph. U. S.)—and seeds are diuretic
and aperient.  See Apiol.
  Apium Sium, Sium nodiflorum—a. Vulgare, A.
graveolens.
  APLASTIC,  Aplas'ticus,  from a, privative,
and nXaaaor,  ' I form.'  That which is not  capable
of forming;  or is  not organizable.
  Aplastic  Element;  one which is unsuscep-
tible of any farther  amount of organization.—
Gerber.
  APLESTIA, Ingluvies, Intemperance.
  APLEU'ROS,  from a, privative, and  nXevpov,
' a rib.'  One without ribs, or pleuras.—Hippo-
crates, Galen.
  APLOT'OMY, Aplotom'ia,  from a?rXoof, 'sim-
ple,' and repvor, ' I cut.'  A  simple incision.
  A PNEE,  Apnosa.
  APNEUMATOSIS, see Atelectasis.
  APNEU'MIA,from a, priv., and irvtvpurv, 'lung.'
A monstrosity in which there is absence of lungs.
  APNEUMONER'VIA, Apneumoneilvia, from
a, priv.,  irvevptitv,  'lung,' and  vevpov,  'nerve.'
Want of nervous  action  in the lungs.
  APNEUSTIA, Apnosa, Asphyxia.
  APNCE'A from a, privative, and  nveto, 'I re-
spire.'  (F.) Apnee,   Absence of respiration, Re-
ipira'tio abolita ; or insensible respiration.  Also,
Orthopnosa.  See  Asphyxia.
  Apncea  Infantum, Asthma Thymicum.
  APNG3ASPHYXIA, Asphyxia.
  APNUS, axvoos, same  etymon.   One devoid of
respiration.  An  epithet applied  by authors to
cases in which  the respiration is so small and
slow, that  it seems  suspended.—Castelli.  It is
probable, however, that the  word was always ap-
plied to the patient, not  to the disease.
  APO, ano, a prefix denoting 'from, of, off, out.'
Hence—
  APOBAMMA, Embamma.
  APOBAINON,  Eventus.
  APOBESOMENON, Eventus.
  APOBIOSIS, Death.
  APOBLEMA, Abortion.
  APOBOLE. Abortion.
  APOBRASMA, Furfur.
  APOCAPXISMUS, Fumigation.
  APOCATASTASIS, Considentia, Restauratio.
  APOCATHARSIS, Catharsis.
  APOCATHARTICUS, Cathartic.
  APOCECAULISMENON, Apagma.
  APOCENO'SIS, Aposceno'sis, from  aro, 'out,'
and Kevurats, 'evacuation.'   A partial evacuation
according to some, in opposition to Ccnosis, whicl
signifies a general evacuation.—Cullen and Swe
diaur apply it to morbid fluxes.
  Apocenosis, Abevacuatio—a.  Diabetes  nielli
tus, Diabetes—a. Ptyalismus mellitus,  see Saliva
tion—a. Vomitus pyrosis, Pyrosis.
  APOCHOREON, Excrement.
  APOCHREMMA, Sputum.
  APOCIIREMPSIS, Exspuition.
  APOCH'YMA, from airo^tio, ' I pour out.'  A
sort of tar,  obtained from old ships, which is im-
pregnated with chloride of sodium.  It was used
as a  discutient of tumours. — Aetius,  Paulus,
Gorraeus.
  APOCIN GOBE-MOUCHE,  Apocynum an
drosasmifolium.
  APOCLASMA, Abduction, Apagma.
  APOCLEISIS, Asitia, Disgust.
  APOCOPE,  from ano, and Konretv, 'to  cut.'
Abscission.   A wound with loss  of  substance.
Fracture with loss of part of a bone.  Amputation.
  APOCOPUS, Castratus.
  APOCRISIS, Contagion,  Excrement,  Secre-
tion.
  APOCROUSTIC, Apocrous'tica seu Apocrwt'.
tica,  (remcd'ia,) from a™,  'out,' and Kpovu, 'I
push.'  An astringent and repellent.—Galenus.
  APOCRUSTICA, Apocroustic
  APOCYESIS, Parturition.
  APOCYN, see Apocynum Cannabinum.
  APOCYNIN, see Apocynum Cannabinum.
  APOCYNUM ANDROSAMIFO'LIUM,(Ph.
U. S.) from  ano, and  kvutv,  'a  dog,' because es-
teemed, of old, to be fatal to dogs.  Dog's Bane,
Bitter Dog's Bane, Milkweed, Bitterroot, Honey-
bloom, Catchfiy, Flytrap, Ip'ecac, Amer'ican Ipe-
cac,  (F.) Apocin gobe-mouche, A.  amer.   Orel,
Apocynaceae.   Sex. Syst.  Pentandria Digynia.
The root of this plant is found from  Canada to
Carolina.   Thirty  grains evacuate  the stomach
as effectually  as two-thirds of the amount of
Ipecaouanha, by which name it is known in vari-
ous parts of the  Eastern  States.   It  is  in the
secondary list of the Pharmacopoeia of the United
States.
  Apocynum Cannab'inum,  (Ph.  U. S.) Indian
Hemp.  This American plant  possesses emetic,
cathartic, diaphoretic and diuretic  properties, has
been  strongly  recommended  in  dropsy,  and
has been given in  decoction,—gij of the  reft
boiled in  three pints of  water to  two.  A wine-
glassful for a dose.   An active  principle, Apocyn
or Apocynin, has been extracted from  the root.
  Apocynum Hypericefo'lium,  a variety of Ai
cannabinum, which, as well as A. androsasmifo-
lium, abounds in a milky juice.  This, when ap-
plied to the skin, produces a troublesome  erup-
tion resembling flea-bites : hence, the plants have
been termed, by the voyageurs in  the Hudson's
Bay territory, Herbes d la puce.
  Apocynum Nov^b Anglic Hirsutum, Ascle-
pias tuberosa—a. Orange, Asclepias tuberosa—a.
Scandens, Allamanda.
  APODACRYTTCUS,  Dclachrymatlvus,  from
ano, 'from,'  and iaKpvui, T weep.'  A  substance,
supposed to  occasion a flow of the tears, and then
to arrest them.—Columella, Pliny, Galenus.
  APODEMIALGIA, Nostalgia.
  APOD'IA, from  a, privative, and novs,  xoiof,
'afoot.'  Want of feet; hence Apous or Apu',
one who has no feet.
  APODYTE'RIUM, Coniste'rium,  Spoliate'-
num, Spolia'rium, from airoivu, T strip off.' The
ante-room, where the bathers stripped themselves
in the ancient gymnasia.
  APOGALACTISMUS, Weaning
  APOGALACTOS, Exuber. 
APOGEUSIS
79
APOPLECTIC
  APOGEUSIS, Ageustia.
  APOGEUSTTA, Ageustia.
  APOGLAUCOSIS, Glaucosis.
  APOGON. Iinberbis.
  APOG'ONUM, from arro, and yivopai, 'I exist.'
A living fostus in utero.—Hippocrates.
  APOLEPISIS, Des(luamation.
  APOLEPISMUS,  Desquamation.
  A P 0 L E P'S I S, Apolcp'sia, Apolip'sia, from
axoXapSavw, 'I retain.'   Retention, suppression.
— Hippocrates.  Asphyxia.
  APOLEX'IS, from aitoXriyta, 'I  cease.'  Old
ago,  decrepitude.
  APOLINO'SIS, from ano, and Aivov, 'a flaxen
thread.'   The  mode of operating for fistula  in
ano.  by means of a thread of Homolinon or Linum
crudiim.—Hippocrates,  Paulus.
  APOLTPSIS, Apolepsis.
  APOLLINARIS ALTERCUM, Hyoscyamus.
  APOLUTICA, Cicatrisantia.
  APOLYS'IA, Apolysis, from anoXvur, 'Iloosen.'
Solution.   Relaxation.   Debility of the limbs or
looseness  of bandages.—Erotian.   Expulsion  of
the fostus and its dependencies.   Termination  of
a disease.—Hippocrates, Galen.
  APOMATIIE'MA, Apomathe'sis, from a-ro, and
pavS-aru, T learn.' Forgetfulnessof things taught.
—Hippocrates.
  APOM'ELI, from ano, 'of,' and peXt, 'honey.'
An oxymel or decoction made of honey.—Galen,
Aetius, Paulus, Ac
  APOMEXIS, Munctio.
  APOMVLE'NAS, from  as-ouuXAaivw, 'I make
a wry mouth.'  One who pushes his lips forwards,
pressing them against each other.  Occasionally
a symptom of nervous fever.—Galen, Erotian.
  APOMYTHO'SIS, Apomytto'sis, from anopvoaw,
' I snore'  A disease in which there is stertor.—
Sauvages, Saiiar.
  APOMYXIA, Nasal  mucus.
  APONEUROG'RAPIIY,   Aponeurogra'phia,
from anovevptoats,  an ' aponeurosis,'  and  ypatpn,
' a description.'   A description of the Aponeu-

  A P 0 N E U R 0 L'O G Y, Aponenrolog" ia, from
anovevpoiats, -'an aponeurosis,' and  Xoyos,  'a dis-
course.'   Aponeurosiology.  The anatomy of the
aponeuroses.
  APOXEUROSIOLOGY, Aponeurologv.
  APON EURO'SIS, Aponevro'sis, from ano,
'from,' and vevpov, 'a nerve.'   Pronerva'tio, De-
nerva'tio,  Enerva'tio,  Exparlsio nervo'sa, (F.)
Aponeurose,  Aponevrose.  The  ancients  called
every  white  part  vevpov, and regarded  the  Apo-
neurosis as a nervous expansion.   The Aponeu-
roses are white, shining membranes,  very resist-
ing, and  composed  of  fibres  interlaced.   Some
are continuous with the muscular fibres, and differ
only from tendons by their flat form.  They are
called A/roneuroses of insertion, (F.) Aponevroses
d'insertion, when they are  at  the extremities  of
muscles, and attach  them to the bone;—Aponeu-
 roses of intersection, (F.) Aponevroses d'intersec-
tion, if they interrupt the  continuity  of the mus-
cle,  and are continuous on both sides with mus-
cular  fibres.  Others surround the muscle, and
prevent its displacement: they are called envelop-
ing  Aponeuroses, (F.) Aponevroses d'enveloppe.
  Aponeurosis, Fascia—a. Crural. Fascia lata—
a. Femoral, Fascia lata—a. Iliac, Fascia iliaca.
  APONEUROSITIS, from  aponeurosis, and
itis,  'denoting inflammation.'  Inflammation  of
nn aponeurosis.
  APONEUROTIC, Aponcurot'icus.  What  re-
lates to Aponeuroses:—thus, we say Aponeurotic
expansion. Aponeurotic muscle, &e.
  APOXEUKOT'OMY,  Ajroneurotom'ia,  from
anovivpuxrts,  'aponeurosis,' and  rriira. 'I cut.'
Anaf.omy of aponeuroses.
  Aponeurotomy has, also, been proposed for the
division, (debridement) of filaments, Ac, in apo-
neurotic openings, and for the section of fascia'.
  APONEVROSE  PflDlEUSE,  see  Pedal
Aponeurosis—a. Superficielle de lAbdomen et de
la Cuisse, Fascia superficialis.
  APONEVROSIS, Aponeurosis.
  APON'IA, from a, privative, and novos, 'pain.'
Freedom from pain.
  APONIPSIS, Ablution.
  APOPALLE'SIS, Apopalsis, from  aironaXXio.
' I throw off.'   Expulsion.   Protrusion.—Hippo-
crates.   Also, Abortion.
  APOPATE'MA, Apop'athos, Apop'atus.   The
excrement, and the place where it is deposited.—
Dioscorides, Erotian.
  APOPEDASIS, Luxation.
  APOPHLEGMATISANS PER NARES, Er-
rhine—a. per Os, Sialogogue.
  APOPHLEGMATISANTIA,  Apophlegmati-
son'ta,  Apophlegmatis'mi, from  arro,  'out,' and
tpXeypa, ' phlegm.'  Medicines which facilitate the
upward expulsion  of mucus from the  mucous
membrane of the digestive   or air passages; as
gargles, masticatories, Ac
   APOPHLEG'MATISM,   Apophlcgmatis'mus.
 The action of Apophlegmatisantia.—Galen.
   APOPHLEGMATISMI,  Apophlegmatisantia.
   APOPH'RADES,  from  anofpas,  'unlucky.'
An  epithet applied to unlucky days, (dies ne-
 fandi.)  Days on which a favourable  change
is not expected to  occur in a disease.—A. Lau-
ren tius.
   APOPHRAXIS, Amenorrhcea.
   APOFUTHAR'MA, Apoph'thora, from ano, and
4>$etpa>, ' I corrupt.'   Abortion, as well as a medi-
 cine to procure abortion.
   APOPHTHORA, Abortion.
   APOPHTHORIUS. Abortive.
   APOPHY'ADES,  from ano, 'from,' and divot,
 'I spring.'  The ramifications of veins and arte-
 ries.—Hippocrates.
   APOPHYSE BASILAIRE. Basilary process
—a. Engainante ou raginale, Vaginal process—
 a. Pyramidale,  see Temporal Bone — a. Petree,
 see Temporal Bone.
   APOPHYSES  EPINEUSES, Spinous pro-
 cesses of the  vertebrae.
   APOPH'YSIS, from ano, 'from,' and Qvar, 'I
 rise,' Ec'physis, Proces'sus, Appendix, Promincn'-
 tia ossis contirlua, A process of a bone.  When
 the apophysis is yet  separated from the body of
 the  bone by  intervening cartilage, it  is called
 Epiph'ysis.  The apophyses or processes are, at
 times,  distinguished by epithets,  expressive of
 their form : as A. styloid, A.  coracoid, Ac.  Others
are not preceded by the word apophysis; as Tro-
chanter, Tuberosity, Ae.
   Apoph'ysis of  ixGRAs'siAS is a term applied
 to the lesser ala of the sphenoid bone.
   Apophysis Mammillaris, Mastoid process.
   Apophysis of Rau, Grele apophyse du Mar-
teau : see Malleus.
   Apophysis Zygomatics,  Zygomatic process.
   APOPIES'MA,  from  anome^w,  T compress.'
 Hippocrates  uses the term  to signify a fancied
 expression  or forcing  out  of humours by  the
 application of bandages in wounds  and frac-
 tures.
   APOPLANESIS, Error loci.
   APOPLECTIC,  Apoplcc'ticus.   Referring to
 Apoplexy.  This word has various significations.
 It is applied,  1. To individuals laboring  under
' apoplexy : 2. To remedies proper for combating
 apoplexy : 3. To the constitution,  temperament,
 or   make, Architectu'ra  apoplec'tica,  Hab'itus
 apoplec'ticus  seu  quadra'tus seu toro'sus, which
 predisposes to it, and, 4. To the symptoms whii-h
' characterize apoplexy; as   Apoplectic sleep,  A. 
APOPLECTICUS            80               APOSTASIS
stroke, A. stertor, Ac  The jugulur veins  have
also, by some, been called Apoplectic veins,  Vena
apoplec'tica.
  Apoplectic Cell.   Focus  apnplec'ticus.   A
cavity remaining in  the encephalon,  after the
effusion of blood and  its  subsequent absorption.
  APOPLECTICUS,  Antiapoplectic, Apoplectic
  APOPLEXIA, Apoplexy—a. Catalepsia,  Cata-
lepsia—a. Cerebralis,  see Apoplexy—a. Cerebri,
see Apoplexy — a. Cordis, Haemocardiorrhagia—
a. Hepatica,  Hepatorrhagia—a.  Ilydrocephalica,
Hydrocephalus internus—a. Interarachnoidealis,
Apoplexy, meningeal—a. Intermeningealis, Apo-
plexy, meningeal—a. Medullaris, Apoplexia mye-
litica—a. Meningasa, Apoplexy, meningeal.
   Apoplexia  Myelit'ica, A.  Medulla'ris seu
Spina'lis seu Rachia'lis,Hamor'rhachis, Myelor-
rhag"ia,  Myelapojrlex'ia,  (F.) Apoplexie  de  la
Moelle  epinierc, Ilemorrhagie  de la Moelle Spi-
niere, Hemato-inyelie,  Hemo-myelorrhagie, Hema-
torrhachie.   Hemorrhage  into the spinal  mar-
row.
   Apoplexia Nervosa, Apoplexy, nervous — a.
Nervosa traumatica, Concussion of  the brain—a.
Oculi Hasmophthalmia — a. Pituitosa,  see  Apo-
plexy—a. Pulmonalis, see Haemoptysis—a. Pul-
monum, see Haemoptysis—a. Renalis, Apoplexy,
renal—a. Rachialis, A. myelitica—-a. Sanguinea,
see Apoplexy—a. Serosa, see Apoplexy—a. Sim-
plex, Apoplexy,  nervous — a.  Spasmodica,  Apo-
plexy, nervous—a. Spinalis, Apoplexia myelitica
—a. Temulenta, see Temulentia.
   APOPLEXIE CAPILLAIRE, Mollities cere-
bri— a. CerSbrale, Apoplexy,  Hemorrhagic cere-
brate—a. du Coeur, Haemocardiorrhagia.
   APOPLEXIE FOUDROYANTE,  'Thun-
dering Apoplexy.'  A form of apoplexy, which
is intense and rapidly fatal.
   APOPLEXIE MENINGEE, Apoplexy, me-
ningeal— a. de la Moelle  Epiniere, Apoplexy,
spinal.
   AP'OPLEXY, Apoplex'ia, (Sc.) Poplesy, from
aTojrAijTTstv, ' to strike with violence.'  At the pre-
sent  day, the term apoplexy is  employed by  many
writers to signify interstitial hemorrhage, (F.) He-
morrhagic interstitielle, or every effusion of blood,
which  occurs suddenly into the substance  of  an
organ or tissue.   Hence, we speak of cerebral
apoplexy, pulmonary apoplexy, Ac. Ac  For-
merly it was always —  and still is by many —
used in a restricted  sense, to signify, in  other
words, the train of phenomena, which  charac-
 terize cerebral apoplexy.  This disease, Hamor-
rha'gia Cer'ebri, Aphro'nia,  Cams Apoplex'ia,
 Coma Apoplex'ia, Apoplex'ia  cer'ebri sanguin'ea
 seu  cerebra'lis,  Encephalorrhag"ia, San'guinis
 ictus, Hamatenceph'alum,  Pulpez'ia, Sidera'tio,
 Apileps'ia, Morbus atton'itus, Gutta, Theophle'gia,
 Theoplex'ia, (F.) Apoplexie, A. cSrebrale, Hema-
 toencephalie, Coup  de sang, is characterized  by
 diminution,  or loss of sensation and mental ma-
 nifestation ;  by the cessation, more or less com-
 plete, of motion ; and by a comatose state,—cir-
 culation and respiration  continuing. It generally
 consists in pressure upon the  brain; either from
 turgescence  of vessels, or  from  extravasation  of
 blood: hence the terms Hamenceph'alus, Hemor-
 rhagic cer^brale, and Hemo'encephalorrhagie, ap-
 plied to it by some.   The general  prognosis is
 unfavourable ; especially when it occurs after the
 age of 35.  When Apoplexy is accompanied with
 a hard, full pulse, and flushed countenance, it is
 called Apoplex'ia sanguin'ea,  Cataph'ora Coma;
when with a feeble pulse and pale countenance,
and  evidences of serous effusion, Apoplex'ia  se-
ro'sa, A. pituito'sa, Serous Apoplexy, Cataph'ora
hydrocephaVica, Encephaloch'ysis senilis, Hydro-
ceiih'alus  acu'tus senum,  Hydroencephalorrhie,
(Piorry,) Hydroprisie ciribrale suraiguc, Ilydror-
rhagie.
  In Nervous Apoplexy, Apojrlex'ia nervo'sa seu
spasmodica, A. simplex, Simple apoplexy, no le-
sion whatever may be perceptible on dissection ;
although the patient may have died under all the
phenomena that are characteristic of apoplexy.
  Apoplexy,  Heat,  see  Coup-de-Soleil — a. of
the Heart, Haemocardiorrhagia.
  Apoplexy,  Meninge'al,  Apoplex'ia menin-
ga'a seu intermeningea'lis seu interarachrioidea'-
lis, (F.)  Apoplexie miningie, Ilemorrhagie me-
ningee.   Hemorrhage from the meninges of the
brain or  spinal marrow, generally into the great
cavity of the arachnoid.
  Apoplexy,  Nervous, see Apoplexy — a. Pul-
monary,  see Haemoptysis—a. Simple, A. Nervous.
  Apoplexy,  Renal,  Apoplex'ia rena'lis. A
condition of the  kidney, characterized by knotty,
irregular, tuberculated eminences, some of a deep
black colour.  Effusion of blood into the substance
of the kidney.
  Apoplexy,  Serous, see Apoplexy—a. Spinal,
Apoplexia myelitica.
  APOPNEUSIS, Exhalatio.
  APOPNIXIS, Suffocation.
  APOPNOE, Exspiratio.
  APOPN0GA, Exspiratio.
  APOPSYCHIA, Syncope.
  APOPTO'SIS, from anonnrrto, 'I fall down.'
A relaxation of bandages.—Erotian.
  APORRHOE, Aporrhoea.
  APORRHCB'A, Apor'rhoe, Apor'rhysis, Deflu'-
vium, from anoppew, 'I flow from.'  An emana-
tion, effluvium, contagion.—Moschion.  A falling
off of the hair, according to some.
  APORRHYSIS, Aporrhoea.
  APOSCEM'MA,  Aposcep'sis, from  anoaKcnur,
' I lie down, I direct myself towards.'  Afflux of
fluids towards a part.   Metastasis.   The first
word has been applied to the excrements.—Hip-
pocrates, Galen.
  APOSCENOSIS, Apocenosis.
  APOSCEPARNIS'MUS, Deascia'tio, from ano
and <nc£7rapvov, 'a  hatchet.'   Wound of the cra-
nium, by a cutting instrument, in  which a piece
of the bone has  been cut  out, as with a hatchet
—Gorraeus.
  APOSCEPSTS, Aposcemma.
  " APOS'CHASIS, Aposchas'mus, from anoaxatp,
'I scarify.' Scarified'tion. A slight superficial in-
cision in the skin.   Also, blood-letting.—Hippoc.
  APOS'IA,  Sitis defiec'tus,  from  a, privative,
and ttoo-ij, ' drink.'  Want of thirst, absence of
desire for liquids.
  APOSITIA, from ano,' from,' and o-irof,' food.'
Aversion for food.—Galen.  See Disgust.
  APOSIT'IC, Aposilicus; the same etymology.
Any  substance which destroys the appetite, or
suspends hunger.
  APOSPAS'MA, from a-rroonaur, ' I tear or lace-
rate.  (F.) Arrachement.  A  solution of continu-
ity, especially of a ligament; Rhegma  ligamen-
ta're, Lacera'tio ligamenta'ria.
  APOSPHACEL'ISIS, Aposphacelis'mus, from
ano, and oiiaKeXos, ' mortification.'   Gangrene in
wounds  and fractures,  owing to  the bandages
being too tight.—Hippocrates.
  APOSPHINX'IS^Troo-^iyfif, constriction, com-
pression.  The action of a tight bandage—Hip-
pocrates.
  APOSPONGIS'MUS, the  act of sponging for
any purpose.—Gorraeus.
  APOSTALAG'MA, Apostag'ma,  from  ano,
'from,' and araXa^ta, T drop.' The ancient name
for the saccharine  liquor which flows from grapes
when not yet pressed.
   APOSTASIS, from ano, and tarnpi, ' I stop.' 
APOSTAXIS               8 1
The ancients had different significations for this i!
word.  It was most commonly used  for an ab-
eccss.  The "separation of a fragment  of bone by
fracture.  Removal of  disease by some  excre-
tion. Ac.
 (APOSTAX'IS, from anoorafa  'I distil from.'
Sta.cis.    The defluxion of any  humour, as of
blood from the nose.—Hippocrates.
  APOSTE'MA, from otto, 'from,' and tarnpt, 'I
settle,' or from  atptarript, ' I recede from.'   This
word is used by the ancients somewhat vaguely.
It meant an affection in which parts, previously
in contact, arc separated from each  other by a
fluid collected between  them.  The moderns re-
gard it as synonymous with Abscess.  Some,  even
of the moderns, have applied it to any watery
tumour,  and even to tumours in  general.
  Apostema Cerebri, Encephalopyosis—a.  Em-
pyema,  Empyema—a. Parulis, Parulis—a. Pha-
languin, Fourche—a. Psoaticum, Lumbar abscess.
  APOSTEMACION, Abscess.
  APOSTERIG'MA,  from  anoanrpt^ur, T  sup-
port.'  Anything that supports  a diseased part,
as a cushion, a pillow,  Ac—Galen.  A deep-
seated and inveterate disease of  the intestines.—
Hippocrates.
  APOSTHIA, Leipoder'mia, from a, privative,
and nooQta, 'prepuce.'  Want of prepuce.
  APOSTHUME, Abscess.
  APOSTOLE, Extractum.
  APOSTOLO'RUM  UNGUENTUM. Dodeca-
phar'macum,  Ointment of the Apostles. So called,
because  as many  solid ingredients entered into
its  composition as  there were apostles.  It con-
tained several resins and gum-resins, yellow  wax,
oil, vinegar, verdigris, Ac, and was formerly em-
ployed as a vulnerary;*
  APOSTROPHE,  from ano,  and  trrpetpo),  'I
turn.' An aversion or disgust for food.—Paulus.
Also,  the direction of humours  towards  other
parts.
  APOSYRMA, Abrasion, Desquamation.
  APOTELES'MA, from ano, and reXeopa, 'com-
pletion.'  The result  or termination of a disease.
See, also, Amuletum.
  APOTHANASIA,  see Death.
  APOTHE'C A, Pharmace'urn, Pharmacopo'Hum,
from ano, and nQnpt, 'to place.' Any place where
things are kept, and therefore 'a shop,' and par-
ticularly a wine cellar.  A place or vessel wherein
medicines are kept.  See Pharmacopolium.
   APOTHECARIES' HALL.  The  Hall of the
 Corporation or  Society of Apothecaries of Lon-
 don, where medicines  are  prepared  and  sold
 under their direction,  Ac.  This Company ob-
 tained a charter of  incorporation in the  15th year
 of James the First.   No general practitioner can
 establish himself in  England or Wales, without
 having obtained a license from the Court of Ex-
 aminers of the Company.
   APOTII'ECARY, Apotheca'rius, Dispensa'tor,
 Pharmacopo'la,  Pharmacopos'us,  Pharma'cens,
 Pharmaceu'ta, Pigmenta'rius, Rhizot'omus,  My-
 ropo'les, Myropo'lns,  Pharmacter, Pharmacur'-
gicus, Pharmacur'gus, Pharmaceu'tist, same  deri-
vation,  (Prov.) Pot'ecary, (Sc.)  Pottingar,  (F.)
 Apothicaire,  Pharmacien, Pharmacopole.   In
 every country except Great Britain, it means one
 who sells drugs, makes up prescriptions, Ac. In
 addition to these  offices,  which, indeed,  they
rarely exercise, except in the case of their own
patients, the Apothecaries in England form a
 privileged class of practitioners — a kind of sub-
physician.   See Surgeon-apothecary.
  APOTHERAPEl'A, Apotherapla, Apothera-
 peu'sis,  from ano^epanevor, (ano and Qepantvto,) T
cure.' A perfect euro.—Hippoc.   In  the ancient
Gymnastics, it meant the last pnrt of the exer-
cjses :__the friction, inunction,  and bathing, for
APPAREILS  DE  FORMATION
the purpose of obviating fatigue, or curing dis-
ease.—Galen, Gorrivus.
  APOTHERAPEUSIS, Apotherapeia.
  APOTHER'MUM, from a™, and Seppr,, 'heat.'
A  pickle made of mustard,  oil,  and vinegar.—
Galen.
  APOTH'ESIS, from  a-non$Vph 'I  replace.'
The position proper to  be given to a fractured
limb, after reduction.
  APOTHICAIRE, Apothecary.
  APOTHICAIRERIE (F.), from a™6V>/, 'a
warehouse, shop.'  The same as Apotheca; also,
a gallipot.   See Pharmacopolium.
  APOTHLIM'MA,  from ano,  and SXiflur, «I
press  from.'   Anciently, the dregs, and some-
times the expressed juice, Succus expres'sus, of
plants.—Gorraeus.
  APOTHRAU'SIS, from ano&pavor, 'I break.'
Fracture of a bone, with  spicula remaining.  Ex-
traction of a spiculum of bone.—Gorraeus.  Also,
Abscission.
  APOTILMOS,  Evulsion.
  APOT'OKOS, from ano, and  tiktio,  'I bring
forth.'   An  abortive fostus.—Hippocrates.
  APOTOME,  Amputation.
  APOTOMIA, Amputation.
  APOTROP.EUM, Amuletum.
  APOTROPE, Aversion.  Also, deviation — as
of a limb—Parol rope.
  APOXYSMUS, Abrasion.
  APOZEM, Decoction.
  APOZESIS,  Decoction.
  APPARATUS, Parasceu'e, from ad and pa-
rare, 'to prepare.'  This word signifies a collec-
tion of instruments, Ac, for any operation what-
ever.   (F.) Appareil.
  In Surgery, it means the methodical arrange-
ment of all the instruments and objects necessary
for an  operation or dressing.  By extension, the
French  give the  name Appareil, Capsa  chirur'-
gica, to the case or drawers in which the appara-
tus is arranged.
  Apparatus has likewise been applied to the
different modes of operating for the stone.  See
Lithotomy.
  In Physiology, Apparatus,  (F.) Appareil, is ap-
plied to a collection of organs, all of which work
towards the same end.   A system of organs com-
prehends  all those  formed of a  similar  texture.
An apparatus often comprehends organs of very
different nature.  In the former, there is analogy
of structure ; in the latter, analogy of function.
  Apparatus Altus, see Lithotomy.
  Apparatus Immov'able (F.), Appareil immo-
bile, Immovable Bandage, Permanent Bandage.
An apparatus  for fractures, which is generaily
formed  by  wetting the  bandages  in some sub-
stance, as starch or dextrin, which becomes solid,
and retains  the parts in  situ.
  Apparatus  Lateralis,  see  Lithotomy — a.
Major, see Lithotomy—a. Minor, see Lithotomy.
  APPAREIL,  Apparatus, Boitier — a. fJiap-
nogene,  see  Perspiration — a. Grand, see Litho-
tomy— a.  Haut, see Lithotomy — a. Immobile.
Apparatus, immovable—a. Lacrymal, see Lachry-
mal passages — a. Lateralise, see Lithotomy — a.
Xevrothele,  see Nevrothele — a. Petit,  see Litho-
tomy—a. Pigmental, Pigmental apparatus.
  APPAREILS DE FORMATION(F.).  Gall
admits, in  the brain, two kinds of fibres;  the
one, divergent, proceeding  from the  cerebral
peduncles  to the convolutions, and constituting
what he calls appareils de formation:  the other,
convergent, and proceeding from the convolutions
to the centre of the  organ, constituting what he
calls appareils de reunion. The first, as a whole,
form the organs of the mental faculties; the latter
are commissures,  which  unite parts of the organ
that are double and in pairs. 
APPAUVRI
82
APYROMELE
  APPAUVRI, Impoverished.
  APPEND ICE, Appendix — a. Cacal, Appen-
dix vermiformis casci—a. Digital, Appendix ver-
miformis caeci — a. Sous-sternale, Xiphoid carti-
lage — a.  Sus-spheno'idale du cervc.au, Pituitary
gland—a.  Xiphoide, Xiphoid  cartilage.
  Appendices Coli Adipos.-e, Appendiculas epi-
ploicae—a. Epiplo'iques,  Appendiculae epiploicae.
  APPEXDICULA CEREBRI, Pituitary gland
— a. Vermiformis casci,  see Appendix — a. Epi-
ploica, Epiploic appendage.
  APPENDICULAE   PINGUEDINO'SiE,  A.
Epiplo'ica,  Epip'loic append'ages, Appen'dices
coli adipo'sa, Fim'bria carno'sa coli, Supplemen''-
ta epiplo'ica,  Omen'tula,  (F.) Appendices Epi-
plo'iques.  Prolongations of the peritoneum be-
yond  the  surface of the great intestine,  which
are analogous  in  texture and  arrangement to
omenta.
  APPEN'DIX, EpipVysis, from appendere, (ad
and pendere, ' to hang,') ' to  hang from.'  Any
part that  adheres to an organ  or  is continuous
with it:—seeming as if added to it. An  append-
age ;  an apophysis,  (F.) Appendice, Annexe.
  Appendix  Auricula,  see  Auricles   of  the
Heart—a. Cerebri, Pituitary gland — a. ad Cere-
brum, Cerebellum — a.  Cutanea Septi Narium,
Statica Septi Narium—a. to the Epididymis, Vas-
culum abcrrans—a.  Ventriculi, Duodenum.
  Appendix  Vermifor'mis,  Appendic'ula Ver-
mifor'mis  Ca'ci, Tubus  Vermicula'ris Caci, Ec'-
phyas, Additamen'tum Coli, Appen'dix Caci, (F.)
Appendice vermifiorme, A. cacal ou digital.  A
vermicular process,  the  size of a  goose-quill,
which  hangs from  the  intestine  caecum.   Its
functions  are unknown.
  Appendix Vesicae, see Bladder,  sacculated.
  APPENSIO, see Analeptia.
  AP'PETENCE, Appeten'tia, from appetere, (ad
and petere,) ' to desire.'   An ardent, passionate
desire for  any object.
  APPETIT, PERTED', Anorexia.
  AP'PETITE, Appetltus, Appeten'tia, Appeti"-
tia, (ad and petere,) 'to seek,' Cupi'do, Orex'is,
Orme :  same etymology as the last.  An internal
sensation, which warns us of the necessity of ex-
erting certain functions, especially those of diges-
tion and generation. In the latter case it is called
venereal appetite, (F.) Appetit venerien:  in the
former, simply appetite, (F.) Appetit ou Appeti-
tion.  If the desire for food, occasioned by a real
want, be  carried to a certain  extent, it is called
hunger, when solid food is concerned; thirst, when
liquid.  Appetite and  hunger  ought not, how-
ever,  to be  employed  synonymously: they  are
different degrees of the same want.  Hunger is
an imperious desire : it  cannot be provoked, like
the appetite. It is always allayed by eating: but
not so the appetite; for, at times,  it may be ex-
sited  in this manner.  They are very generally,
however,  used synonymously.
   Appetite, Morbid, Limosis.
   Ap'petite, Vene'real, Venereal desire, (F.)
Le genesique, Amour physique, Sens genital.  The
instinctive feeling that attracts the sexes towards
each  other to effect the work of reproduction.
   APPETITUS CANINUS,  Boulimia—a. Defi-
ciens, Dysorexia.
   APPLE, ADAM'S, Pomum Adami—a. Bitter,
Cucumis  colocynthis — a.  Curassoa,  Aurantium
curassaventium—a. Dead Sea, see Quercus infec-
toria—a.  Eye, see  Melon—a. of the  Eye, Pupil
—a. Mad, see Quercus infeotoria—a. May, Podo-
phyllum peltatum — a. of Peru, Datura  stramo-
nium—a.  Root, Euphorbia corollata—a. of Sodom,
see Quercus infectoria.
  Apple  Tea, Apple loater.  Slice  two large, not
over-ripe  apples, and pour over a pint of boiling
 water.  After an hour, pour off the fluid, and, if
 necessary, sweeten with sugar.
   Apple Tree, Pyrus malus.
   APPLICATA, from applicare, (adandplicare,
 'to fold,') 'to apply.'  A word, unnecessarily in-
 troduced into medical  language,  to express  the
 objects which are applied immediately to the sur-
 face of the body, as clothes, cosmetics, baths,  Ac,
 —Hall6.
   APPLICATION, Applica'tio, (same etymon,)
 in a moral signification, is synonymous with  at-
 tention.  Also,  the act of applying one thing to
 another; as the application of an apparatus, of
 a bandage, blister, Ac.
   APPREHEN'SIO, from ad and pr-chendere,
 'to take.'  This word is employed  in  various
 senses.  It means catalepsy or catoche. — Paul
 Zacchias.  A kind of bandage  for securing any
 part.   Also, a therapeutical indication.
   APPROCHE, Coition.
   APPROXIMATION,  Approxima'tio, from ud
 and  proximus,  'nearest.'  Ettmuller  gave  this
 name to a pretended method of curing disease,
 by making it pass from man into some animal or
 vegetable, by the aid of immediate contact.
   APRAC'TA,  from a, priv., and npaaoio, 'I act.'
 Without action.  An epithet for the parts of ge-
 neration, when  unfit for copulation or generation.
   APRICATIO, Insolation.
   APRICOT, Prunus Armeniaca.
   APROCTUS, see Atretus.
   APRONTA, Tamus communis.
   APROSO'PIA,  Triocephalia,  from  a, priv.,
 and -npoaurnov, 'the face.'  A malformation, which
 consists in the face being deficient.
   APROSOPUS, Microprosopus.
   APSINTHIATUM,  from  a^ivSiov, 'worm-
 wood.'  A sort of drink made  of wormwood.
 —Aetius.
   APSINTHITES, Absinthites.
   APSYCHIA, Syncope.
   APSYCHISME, Idiotism.
   A PSYCH Y, Syncope.
   APSYXIA, Syncope.
   APTHtE, Aphthae.
   APTYS'TOS, from a, priv.,  and nrvta, ' I spit.'
 Devoid of expectoration.  An epithet given to
 certain pleurisies, in which there is no expectora-
 tion.—Hippocrates.
   APUS,  see Apodia.
   APY'ETOS, from a, priv., and nvov, 'pus.'  An
 external affection, which does  not end in suppu-
 ration.
   APYIQUE,  Apyros.
   A'PYOS,  from a, priv.,  and rtvov,  'pus.' (F.)
 Apyique.  That which does not afford pus.
   APYRECTIC, Apyretic
   APYRENOMELE, Apyromele.
  _ APYRET'IC, Apyrelicus, Apyrec'tic, Apyree'-
 ticus, Apyr'etus,  from a, priv.,  and  nop, 'fire,
 fever.'  Without fever.   This epithet is given to
 days in which there is no paroxysm of a disease,
 as in the case  of an  intermittent, as well as to
 some local affections which do not induce fever.
 Urticaria is  sometimes called  an apyretic  exun-
 them.                            s J
   APYREX'IA, A'pyrexy. The same  etymology.
 Absence of fever; Dialem'ma, Dialeip'sis, Via-
 lip'sis, Ternpus intercala're, Intervallum, Inter-
 mis'sio.  Apyrexia is the condition of an  inter-
 mittent fever between the paroxysms : the dura-
 tion  of the apyrexia  consequently depends on
 the type of the intermittent.   Occasionally, the
 term  has  been  applied to the cessation  of  the
 febrile condition_in acute diseases.
   APYROME'LE,  Apyrenome'le,  from a, priv.,
 rtvpnv, 'a nut,' and ur,X„, 'a  sound.'  A sound 01
,' probe, without a button or nut.  It is the Mclo'tk 
                    AQUA                   j

Specillum auricula'r-ium or Auricular sound of
Galen.
  AQUA,  Urine, Water —a. Acidi  carbonici,
Acidulous  water —a.  Acidula hydrosulphurata,
Naples  water (factitious) —a. Aeris fixi, Acidu-
lous water  (simple) —a. Alkalina  oxymuriatica,
Eau de Javelle — a. Aluminis  composita, Liquor
aluminis compositus—a. Aluminosa Bateana, Li-
quor aluminis compositus—a.  Ammonias, Liquor
ammonias—a. Acetatis ammonias, Liquor ammo-
nias acetatis — a. Ammonias  carbonatis, Liquor
ammonias subcarbonatis — a. Ammonias caustica,
Liquor ammoniae—a.  Amnii, Liquor Amnii.
  Aqua Amygdala'rum Concentra'ta, A. amy-
dala'rum amara'rum, (F.) Eaud'Amartdes amlres,
 Water of bitter almonds.  Made by bruising well
two pounds of  bitter almonds;  adding, whilst
triturating, ten pounds of spring water, and four
pounds of alcohol;  letting the mixture rest in a
well-closed vessel, and then distilling two pounds.
Used instead of the Aqua Laurocerasi, and the
Hydrocyanic acid.   It must be given with great
caution.
  An Aqua amt/g'dala ama'ra,  Bitter Almond
water, has been  introduced into the last edition
of  the  Ph.  U.  S.,  1851,  (Ol. amygdal.  amar.
X\  xvj; Magues. Carbon, ^y,  Aqua'Oi).)  Dose,
fgss.
  Aqua Anethi, see  Anethum  graveolens — a.
Anisi, see Pimpinella anisum — a. Anisi Fortis,
Spiritus  anisi —a. Aquisgranensis, see  Aix-la-
Chapelle—a. Auditoria, Cotunnius, Liquor of—
a.  Aurantii, see Cit*;is aurantium — a. Azotica
oxygenata, Aqua nitrogenii protoxydi—a. Balsa-
mica  arterialis,  Aqua Binellii—a. Bareginensis,
Barfiges water — a. Barytas Muriatis, see Baryta,
muriate of—a. Bellilucana, Balaruc waters — a.
Benedicta,  Liquor  calcis — a.  Benedicta compo-
sita, Liquor calcis compositus—a. Benedicta Ru-
laudi, Vinum antimonii  tartarizati.
  Aqua Binel'lii, -Ac^iia Binelli, Aqua Balsanl-
ica arteria'lis, Binellls styptic, (F.) Eau de Bi-
nelli.  A celebrated  Italian haemostatic, invented
by  one Binelli.  Its  composition is unknown, but
its  virtues have  been  ascribed to creasote; al-
though  there is  reason for believing it to possess
no  more activity than  cold water.   Aqua Monte-
rossi, (F.) Eau  de  Monterossi, appears to be of
analogous composition.
  Aqua   Borvonensis,  Bourbonne-les-Baines,
mineral waters of—a. Bristoliensis, Bristol water.
  Aqua Brocchie'r'ii, Acqua  Broechicri, Broc-
chieri or  Brocchiari water, Brocchieri's styptic,
(F.) Eau de  Brocchieri, Eau  styptique de Broo-
ch ieri.  A supposed styptic, which made much
noise at Paris at one time.  It is  devoid of effi-
cacy.  Dr. Paris found  nothing in it but water
perfumed  by some vegetable essence.
  Aqua Calcahi.e ust.e,  Liquor calcis—a.  Cal-
cis, Liquor Calcis—a.  Calcis composita, Liquor
calcis compositus — a.  Camphoras,  Mistura cam-
phorae—a. Camphorata, Bates's, see Cupri sulphas
—a. Carbonatis  sodas  acidula, Acidulous water,
simple — a.  Carui, see  Carum Carui — a. Cassiae,
fee  Laurus cassia—a. Catapultarum, Arquebusade,
eau il—a. Chlorini, see Chlorine.
  Aqua  Cinnamo'mi,   Cinnamon  water;   (Sc.)
Cannel water, Distilled water of Cinnamon Bark.
Prepared also in the following  manner.  Ol. Cin-
nam. f.^ss;  Magues.  Carbon.  (~j ;  Aq. destillat.
Oij.  Rub  the oil and  carbonate  of magnesia;
add the water gradually, and filter.  (Ph. U. S.)
  Aqua Cinnamomi  Fortis, Spiritus Cinnamomi
—a. Colcestrensis, Colchester,  mineral waters of.
  Aqua Colora'ta, 'coloured water.'   A name
given to a prescription in which simple coloured
water is contained.   Used in hospital cases, more
especially, where a,placebo is demanded.
  Aqua Vi phi Ammoniata, Liquor c.  a.—a. Cu-
3           AQUA  SALUBRIS
  pri vitriolati composita, Liquor cupri sulphatis
  composita—a. inter Cutem, Anasarca—a. Dcstil-
  lata, Water, distilled.
    Aqua Fabro'rum, ' Water of Smiths.' Water in
  which  hot iron has  been quenched.  A feeble
  chalybeate.
    Aqua Florum Aurantii, see Citrus aurantium
  —a. Fluviatilis, Water, river.
    Aqua Fcenic'uli, Fennel xoater.   The distilled
  water of fennel seed.  It may be  prepared also
  like the aqua cinnamomi.
    Aqua Fontana, Water, spring—a. Fortis, Ni-
  tric acid—a. Goulardi, Liquor Plumbi subacetatis
  dilutus — a.  Hepatica, Hydrosulphuretted  water
  — a. Hordeata, Decoctura hordei — a. Imbrium,
  Water, rain—a. Infernalis, see Toddy—a. Inter-
  cus, Anasarca—a.  Inter Cutem,  Anasarca — a.
  Juniperi composita, Spiritus juniperi compositus
  —a. Kali, Liquor potassae subcarbonatis—a. Kali
  caustici,  Liquor  potassae—a. Kali praeparati,
  Liquor  potassae  subcarbonatis — a.  Kali  puri,
  Liquor potassae — a. Kali subcarbonatis, Liquor
  potassae subcarbonatis—a. Labyrinthi, Cotunnius,
  liquor of—a. Lactis, Serum lactis — a. ex.  Lacu,
  Water, lake—a. Lauro-cerasi, see Prunus Lauro-
  cerasus—a. Lithargyri acetati  composita, Liquor
  plumbi subacetatis  dilutus — a. Luciae, Spiritus
  ammoniae  succinatus—a. Marina, Water, sea—a.
  Medicata, Water,  mineral.
    Aqua Mentha Piperi't^e, Peppermint Water.
  The distilled water of peppermint.  It may be
  prepared like the  aqua cinnamomi.
    Aqua Mentha Piperitidis Spirituosa, Spi-
  ritus menthae piperitas—a. Men thus  pulegii, see
  Mentha pulegium—a. Mentbas viridis, Spearmint
  water,  see Aquas  menthae piperita'—a.  Menthaa
  vulgaris spirituosa, Spiritus menthae viridis—a.
  Mineralis, Water, mineral—a.  Mirabilis, Spiritus
  pimentae — a. Monterossi, see Aqua Binellii — a.
  Mulsa, Hydromeli— a.  Natri  Oxymuriatici, Li-
  quor sodae chlorinatae — a. Neapolitana,  Naples
  water,  (factitious) — a. Nephritica, Spiritus my-
  ristica.
    Aqua  Nitrogen'ii  Protox'ydi,  Protox'ide
  of Nitrogen Water,  Aqua azot'ica  oxygena'ta,
  Searle's patent oxyg"enous aerated  water.  A pa-
  tent solution of protoxide of  nitrogen,  said to
  contain five  times its own bulk of gas.  It has
  been recommended as a nervine, and excitant in
  nervous conditions, dyspepsia, Ac.   It has also
  been used in cholera, and to counteract the evil
  consequences of drunkenness.  The dose is f.^vj,
  or ,^viii, two or  three times a day; or,  in dys-
  pepsia, as a beverage between  meals.
    Aqua Nivata, Water, snow—a. Nucis moscha-
  tas, Spiritus myristieae—a. Ophthalmica,  Liquor
  zinci  sulphatis cum camphora — a. Paludosa,
  Water, marsh—a. Pedum, Urine — a. Pericardii,
  see  Pericardium — a. Pbagedenica,  sec Hydrar-
  gyri Oxymurias—a. Picea, see  Pinus  sylvestris—
  a. Picis, see  Pinus sylvestris — a. Pimentae, see
  Myrtus Pimenta—a. Plumbi, Liquor  Plumbi,
  subacetatis dilutus—a. Pluviaiis. Water, rain—a.
  Potassae, Liquor potassae—a. Pulegii, see Mentha
  pulegium—a. Pulegii  spirituosa, Spiritus pulegii
  —a.  Putealis, Water,  well—a.  ex Puteo, Water,
  well—a. Rabelli, Elixir acidum  Halleri—a. Raph-
  ani composita. Spiritus armoraciae  compositus —
  a. Regia, Nitromuriatic acid.
    Aqua Rose. Rose Water, Rhodostag'ma,  (Ros.
  centifol. tbviij : Aqua  cong. ij.  M. Distil a gallon
  —Ph. U. S.)
    Aqua Salubris, Water, mineral—a. Sambuci,
  see  Sambucus—a. Sappharina, Liquor cupri am-
  moniata—a. Saturni, Liquor plumbi subacetatis
  dilutus—a. Sclopetaria,  Arquebusade eau il—a.
  Seminum anisi composita, Spiritus anisi—<i. Semi-
  num carui fortis, Spiritus carui—a. Sodae erl'erves-
,i  cens, Acidulous water, simple—a. Soteria, Water, 
AQU.E  ACIDUL.E           S4             AQUIPAROUS
mineral—a. Stygia, Nitro-muriatic acid—a. Styp-
tica, Liquor cupri sulphatis composita — a. Sul-
phurata simplex, Hydrosulphuretted water — a.
Sulphureti ammonias, Liquor fumans Boylii — a.
Thediana,  Arquebusade  eau el—a.. Theriacalis
Bezoardica, Chylostagma diaphoreticum  Minde-
reri — a. Tofana,  Liquor  arsenicalis — a. Tosti
p.anis, Toast  water —a.  Traumatica  Thedenii,
Arquebusade eau d—a. Vegeto-mineralis, Liquor
plumbi subacetatis dilutus — a. Viciensis, Vichy
water— a. Vitriolica camphorata,  Liquor zinci
sulphatis  cum  camphora— a. Vitriolica caerulea,
Solutio sulphatis cupri composita—a. Vulneraria,
Arquebusade  eau d' — a.  Zinci vitriolati cum
camphora, Liquor zinci sulphatis cum camphora-.
   AQU^E  ACIDULiE,  Acidulous  waters —a.
Badiguae,  Bath, Mineral waters of—a. Badizae,
Bath, Mineral  waters  of—a. Bathoniae, Bath,
 Mineral waters of—a. Buxtoniensis, Buxton, Mi-
neral waters  of—a.  Calidae,  Aigues caudes — a.
 Cantuarienses,  Canterbury, waters  of—a. Chaly-
 beatae, Waters, mineral, chalybeate.
   Aqu.b   Destilt.a'tje,  Hydrola'ta, Distilled
 Waters,  (F.)  Hydrolats.   These are  made  by
 putting vegetable substances, as  roses,  mint,
 pennyroyal,  Ac, into  a still with water, and
 drawing off as  much as is found to possess  the
 aromatic properties of the plant. To every gallon
 of the distilled water, 5 oz. of spirit should be
 added to preserve it.  The simple distilled waters
 are sometimes called  Aqua stillatil'ia sim'plices:
 the spirituous. Aqua stillatilia spirituo''sa,  but
 more commonly Spir'itus.
    Aqu.f. Ferrosje, Waters, mineral, chabybeate.
    Aqua; Martiales, Waters, mineral, chalybeate.
    Aqvje Mbdica't^s, Medicated waters include, in
 the Pharmacopoeia of the United States, prepara-
 tions consisting of waters  impregnated with some
 medicinal substance,  which are not arranged in any
 other class.  Among  these are the " Waters," and
 " Distilled waters" of the British pharmacopoeias.
    Aqu.f. Mf.tus, Hydrophobia—a. Minerales aci-
 dulas—a. Waters, mineral, gaseous—a. Minerales
 ferruginosae, Waters, mineral, chalybeate—a. Mi-
 nerales sulphureae, Waters, mineral, sulphureous
 —a. Stillatitiae, Aquae  destillatae—a. Solis, Bath,
 mineral waters of.
    AQUiEDUCTUS, Aq'ueduct, from aqua, 'wa-
 ter,'and  dueere,  ductum,  'to  lead.'   (F.) Aque-
 tluc.  Properly, a canal  for  conducting  water
 from one place  to  another.   Anatomists have
 used it to designate  certain canals.
    Aquaeductus  Cerebri, Infundibulum of  the
 brain—a. Cotunnii, Aquaeductus vestibuli.
    Aqu.eouc'tus  Coch'le^e, (F.) Aqueduc du Li-
 macon ; — a very narrow canal which  proceeds
 from the tympanic  scala of the cochlea to  the
 posterior  edge of the pars petrosa.
    Aqu^EDUC'tuS  Fallo'pii,   Cana'lis Fallo'pii,
  Canal spiro'ide del'os temporal of Chaussier, (F.)
 Aqueduc  de Fallope.  A canal in the pars petro-
 sa of the temporal bone, which extends from the
 meatus auditorius internus to the foramen stylo-
 mastoideum,  and gives  passage   to the facial
 nerve.  The opening into this aqueduct  is called
 Hia'tus Fallo'pii, H.  Cana'lis Fallo'pii, Fissu'-
 ra  Cana'lis  Fallo'pii,  Fora'men  Tarlni, F.
 anon'ymurn Ferrein'ii.
    Aqu^educ'tus   Syl'vii,  Cana'lis eminen'tia
 quadrigem'ina, Iter  ad quartum ventric'ulum seu
 d ter'tio ad quar'tttm ventric'ulum, Cana'lis me'di-
 vs, (F.) Aqueduc de  Sylvius,  Canal  intermediare
 des ventricules of Chaussier.   A canal forming a
 communication between  the  third  and fourth
 ventricles of the  brain.  The ventricular opening
 is termed anus cer'ebri.
    AqujEduc'tus Vestib'uli, Aquaductus Cotun'-
 nii, Canal of Cotun'nius, (F.) Aqueduc du vestibule
 ou Aqueduc tie Cotugno.  This begins in the  ves-
tibule, near the common orifice of the  two semi-
circular canals, and opens at the posterior surface
of the pars petrosa.
  AQUALIC'ULUS, from aqualis, 'a water-pot.'
That  part  of the abdomen  which extends from
the umbilicus to the pubes.   See Hypogastrium.
It has also been applied to the stomach or intes-
tinal canal.
  AQUASTER.  A word used, by Paracelsus,
to express the visions  or hallucinations of  pa-
tients.
  AQUEDUC, Aqueduct—a. de Cotugno, Aquae-
ductus vestibuli—a. de Fallope, Aquaeductus Fal-
lopii — a. du Limacon, Aquaeductus cochleae—et.
de Sylvius, Aquaeductus Sylvii—a. du Vestibule,
Aquaeductus vestibuli.
  AQUEDUCT, Aquaeductus.
  A'QUEOUS,  A'queus,  Aquo'sus,  Hydato'des,
Hydro'des,  from  aqua,  'water,' (F.)  Aqueux,
Watery.   The  absorbents   or lymphatics  are
sometimes called, in France, Conduits ou Canavz
aqueux.
   Aqueous Humour of the Eye, Humor aquo'-
sus, Ooei'des,  Oo'des, Hydato'i'des, Hydato'des,
 Ova'tus seu Ovifor'mis  humour, Albugin'eous hu-
mour,  (F.) Hurneur aquense.  The limpid fluid
which fills the two chambers of the eye, from the
cornea  to  the  crystalline, and which is, conse-
quently, in contact with the two surfaces of the
iris.  Quantity,  5 or 6 grains: s. g. 1.0003. It
contains albumen, chloride of sodium,  and phos-
phate of lime in small quantity; and is enveloped
in a fine membrane:—the membrane of the aqueous
humour, Tunica propria seu Vagina seu Mem-
bra'na  seu Cap'sula humo'ris  a'quei seu Mem-
bra'na  Demuria'na seu  Descernelii,  Membrane
of Demours or of Descemet; although these  last
terms are by some appropriated to a third layer
of the cornea.
   AQUEUS, Aqueous.
   AQUIDUCA, Hydragogues.
   AQUIFOLIUM, Ilex  aquifolium—a.  Foliis
deciduis, Prinos.
   AQUILA, Hydrargyri submurias, Sulphur.
   The  alchymists  used this word for sublimed
sal ammoniac, precipitated mercury, arsenic, sul-
phur, and the philosopher's stone.  See  Hydrar-
gyri Submurias, and Sulphur.
   Aq'uila Ccelest'is ; a  sort  of  panacea, of
 which mercury  was a constituent.
   Aq'uila Lach'rym.e;  a liquor prepared from
 several ingredients, especially from calomel.
   Aq'uila Philosopho'rum.   The  alchymists,
 whose terms were always mysterious, called mer-
 cury  thus, when reduced to its original form.
   Aq'uila Ven'eris ;  an  ancient preparation,
 made by subliming verdigris and sal ammoniac.
   AQUILiE VENvE, Temporal veins.
   AQUILE'GIA, A. vulga'ris seu  sylves'tris seu
 Alplna,  Common  Colombine or Columbine,  (F.)
 Ancolie.   Order, Ranunculaceae.  From aqttila,
 ' the eagle,' owing to some fancied resemblance of
 the spurs to talons.  The seeds, herb, and flowers
 were formerly  used  in  jaundice and cutaneous
 diseases.  They are still retained in many of the
 Pharmacopoeias of continental Europe.
   Aquilegia Alpina, Aquilegia.
   Aquilegia Canadensis,  Wild Columbine,  is
 indigenous, and flowers in April and June.  Tbe
 seeds are said to be tonic.
   Aquilegia Sylvestris,  Aquilegia — a.  Vul-
 garis, Aquilegia.
   AQUILIC'IA  SAMBU'CINA, from  aqua,
 'water,' and clicire, 'to attract,' because it grows
 in moist places. [?]  An East Indian plant, tbe
 decoction of whose root is used in indigestion to
 allay heartburn.
   AQUIP'AROUS,  (F.) Aquipare,  from aqua,
 'water,' and pario, T bring forth.'   An epitb"! 
AQUO-CATSULITIS          85              ARANEOSUS
for glands which, like the parotid, secrete much '
water, in  contradistinction to the submaxillary
glands, which are mucijiarous.
  AQUO-CAPSULITIS, Aquo-membranitis.
  AQUO-MEMBRANITIS, A'erafr/iWV/*,Aguo-
cnpsuli'tis, Hydromeuingltis.  Inflammation of
the anterior chamber of the eye.  A badly com-
pounded term, denoting inflammation of the cap- •
sule or membrane of the aqueous humour.
  AQUULA,  Ceratocele,  Hydatid, llydroa — a.
Acustica, Cotunnius, liquor of.
  Aquula seu  Aqua Mokgagnii.  The minute
portion of water which  escapes when an opening
is made into the capsule of the crystalline.
  AQUULA VITREA  AUDITIVA, Vitrine au-
ditive.
  ARA PARVA, a small altar;—a kind of band-
age invented by Sostratus, which represents the
corners of an altar.—Galen.
  AR'ABE ; a wound, a blow.—Erotian.
  ARAB'ICA ANTID'OTUS HEPAT'ICA, Ar'-
abic Ilepalic An'tidote.   A powder composed of
myrrh, costus, white pepper, Ac.  It was  admi-
nistered in new wine.
   ARAB'ICUS LAPIS.  A sort of white marble,
analogous to alabaster,  found in Arabia.  It was
regarded as absorbent  and desiccative, and  was
employed in hemorrhoids.
   AKABIS  BARBAREA,  Erysimum barbarea.
   AR'ABIS  MALAG'MA.  An antiscrofulous
medicine, composed of  myrrh, olibanum,  wax,
 sal  ammoniac, iron pyrites, Ac.—Celsus.
   ARABISTS, see Arabs, medicine of the.      r
   AR'ABS,  MEDICINE OF THE.  The Ara-
 bians kept the torch of  medical  science  illumi-
 nated during a dark period of  the middle  ages.
 Before the year of the Hegira, they had  schools
 of   medicine;  but these were  most flourishing
 during the 10th, 11th, and 12th centuries.   The
 chief additions made by  them to niedical science
 were in the departments of pharmacy and in the
 description of diseases.   Their principal writers
 were Avicenna, Serapion, Averrhoes, Ilali Abbas,
 Moses Maimonides, Avenzoar, Rhazes, Albucasis,
 Ac   The disciples of the Arab school were called
 Ar'abists.
   ARACACIIA, Conium moschatum.
   ARACIIIS AFRICANA, A. hypogea—a. Ame-
 ricana, A. Hypogea.
   Ar'achis Hypoge'a, A. America'na  seu Afri-
 ca'na, Arae.hnlda hypogea, Ground nut, Pea nut,
 Earth almond,  (S.j Mane; erroneously called
 Pistachio nut, in the South; Pindars of the West
 Indies.   Ord.  Leguminosas. Cultivated  in the
 Southern States.  The seeds are oily, and are
 eaten.  A  kind of  inferior chocolate  may be
 made of them.
    ARACH'NE, apaxvri,  'a spider,' 'a cobweb.'
 Hence, Arachnitis,  Ac
    ARACIINTDA HYPOGEA,  Araehis hypogea.
   ARACHNITIS, more properly Arachnoiditis,
 Arachnoileltis,  Inflammation of the Arachnoid.
 A  variety of phrenitis.
    AKAC1INODEITIS, Arachnitis.
    ARACIl'NOID,  Arachnoitleus,  Arachno'des,
 from apaxvn, 'a cobweb,' and etios, 'form, resem-
 blance.'   Resembling a spider's web.
    Arachnoid Canal,  see Canal, arachnoid.
    Arachnoid of the  Eye.  The  lining mem-
 brane of a cavity, supposed by some to exist be-
 tween the sclerotic  and choroid.
    Arach'noid  Membrane, Meninx me'dia seu
 sero'sa,  Tu'nica ara'nca  seu  crystal'Una, Mc-
 nirlqiiin.   A name  given to several membranes,
 which, by their extreme thinness, resemble spi-
 der-webs.  Celsus  and  Galen  called  thus  the
 membrane of the vitreous humour, —the tunica
 hi/aloidca.  The moderns  use  it now for one of
 the membranes of the  brain, situate between the
dura mater and pia mater.   It is a serous  mem-
brane, and composed of two layers ;  the external
being confounded, in the greater part of its extent,
with the dura mater, and, like it, lining the inte-
rior of the  cranium and spinal  canal;  the other
being extended over the brain, from which it is
separated by the pia mater, without passing into
the sinuosities between  the convolutions, and
penetrating into the interior of the  brain  by an
opening  at its posterior part under  the  corpus
callosum.  It forms a part of the investing sheath
of the nerves, as they pass  from the encephalic
cavities. Its chief uses seem to be :—to envelop,
and, in some  measure, protect tbe  brain, and to
secrete a fluid for the purpose of keeping it in a
state best adapted for the proper performance of
its  functions.
  ARACHNOIDITIS, Arachnitis.
  ARACK', Arrack ; (East Indian.)  A spiritu-
ous liquor  made  in India in various ways, often
from rice, sometimes from  sugar fermented along
with the juice of  the cocoa nut; frequently from
toddy, the  juice which flows from  tbe  cocoa-nut
tree by incision, and from other substances.  It
is a strong, heating spirit.
   Arack, Mock, is made by adding ^ij of Ben-
zoic acid  to  a  quart of  rum.  The  celebrated
Vauxhall punch is  made with such arack.
   ARACOUCHINL Icica aracouchini.
   ARACUS  AROMATICUS, Vanilla.
   AR'AUOS,  Apaios-  The agitation  excited in
the stomach by tbe coction of aliments of differ-
ent nature.—Hippocrates.   Likewise, the motion
produced by  cathartics.
   AR-EOMA, Interstice.
   ARAEOMETER, Areometer.
   ARiEOT'ICA, from  apatoor, 'I rarefy.'  Medi-
cines supposed to  have the quality of rarefying
the humours.   See Rarefaciens.
   AKAKI, see Spirit.
   ARALIA  CANADENSIS, Panax quinquefo-
 lium.
   Ara'lia His'pida, Dwarf Elder, Ord. Aralia-
 ceae, is said to be diuretic, and  has been recom-
 mended, in decoction, in dropsy.
   Ara'lia  Ni.'DICAu'lis,  Nardus  America'nus,
 Small  Spikenard,  Wild  Liq'uorice, Sweet root,
 False or Wild  Sarsaparilla,  (F.)  Petit nurd.
 This American plant is said to be a mild  stimu-
 lant and diaphoretic, and has been recommended
 as a substitute for  sarsaparilla.  It is used, also,
 as a tonic.  It  is  in the  secondary list  of  the
 Pharmacopoeia of the United States.
   Ara'lia Racemo'sa, American Spikenard, has
 the same properties as A. Nudicaulis.
   Ara'lia Spino'sa, Angelica  Tree,  Prickly
 Ash,  Toothaeh.  Tree,  Spikenard  Tree,  Prickly
 Elder, Shotbush,  Pigeon Tree.  Its properties are
 not clear.  The berries, and a tincture of them,
 have  been employed, it  is said, successfully in
 toothaeh.  A  spirituous  infusion  has  also  been
 used in colic.  The bark is officinal in  the Phar-
 macopoeia of the United States.
   ARANEA, Araneae  Tela — a. Tarentula, see
 Tarentula.
   ARA'NILE TELA, Ara'nca, Ara'neum,  Cob-
 web, (F.) Toile d'Araignee.  Formerly, this sub-
 Stance was much employed, and supposed to pos-
 sess  extraordinary virtues, especially when ap-
 plied  to the  wrists. It  has been  recently used
 again  in  intermittents.  The spider itself, soft-
 ened  into a plaster and applied to the forehead
 and temples, is  said by Dioscorides to prevent
 ague.  Cobweb is a mechanical styptic, and is so
 applied at times.
   ARANEO'SA URI'NA.  A  terra applied to
 the urine  when  loaded with filaments, like cob
 webs.
   ARANEO'SUS  (PULSUS); a term employed 
ARANEUM                86              ARCIIIATER
to express extreme weakness of pulse ; when the
movements resemble those of a delicate net raised
by the wind.
  ARANEUM, Araneae Tela.
  Ara'neum  Ulcus, Astakillos.   A name given
by Paracelsus to a malignant,  gangrenous ulcer,
extending from the feet to the legs.
  ARARA, Myrobalanus citrina.
  ARASCON. Nymphomania, Satyriasis.
  A RAT RUM, Vomer.
  ARAUCARIA  DOMBEYI, Dombeya excelsa.
  ARBOISE. Arbutus unedo.
  ARBOL DE LECHE, Galactodendron utile.
  ARBOR BENTVI,  Benjamin—a. Indiea, Lau-
rus cassia—a. Maris,  Coral—a. Thurifera, Juni-
perus Lycia — a.  Uteri Vivificans, Palmae  uteri
plicatae.
  Arbor  Vitje,  (F.)  Arbre  de  vie.  A name
given to an arborescent appearance, observed on
cutting the cerebellum longitudinally ; and which
results from  the  particular  arrangement of the
white  substance with  the cineritious.  Also, the
Thuya occidentalis.
  Arbor Vitje, American, Thuya occidentalis—
a. Vitae Uterinus, Palmae uteri plicatae—a. Vitas
of the Uterus, Palmae uteri plicatae.
  AR'BORES.  A morbid alteration of the skin,
which precedes its ulceration.   Ruland.
  ARBORIZATION, Arborisa'tio, (F.) Arbori-
sation, from arbor, arboris, 'a tree.'  The figure
or appearance of  a tree or plant.   The capillary
vessels, when injected, as in  inflammation, fre-
quently appear under the form of Arborizations.
  ARBOUSIER, Arbutus unedo.
  ARBRE DE VIE, Arbor Vitae.
  ARBUSCULA GUMMIFERA BRAZLLIEN-
SIS, Hypericum bacciferum.
  ARBUTUS, A. Unedo —a. Trailing, A. Uva
ursi, Epigaea repens.
  Ar'butus Uva Ursi, Arctostaph'ylos Uva ursi,
Maira'nia uva ursi.  Ord. Ericaceae.  Sex Syst.
Decandria Monogynia.  (F.) Busserolle ou Rai-
sin d'Ours.   The leaves — (Uva Ursi, Ph. U. S.)
—of this plant are tonic and astringent, and have
been  employed, chiefly, in diseases of the urinary
organs, and also as a parturifacient.  Dose of the
powder from gr. xv to £ss.   The English names
are  Trailing  Ar'butus, Bear's Whortleberry  or
Bearberry,   Mountain-box,   Redberry,  Upland
 Cranberry, Foxberry,  Checkerberry, (Sc.) Braw-
 lins.
   Ar'butus  Une'do, Ar'butus, Andrach'ne, Une'-
 do,  U. papyra'cea, Kopapos, (F.)  Arbousier, Ar-
 boise.  A decoction of the leaves is astringent,
and has been used in diarrhoea.
   ARC, Arch, Arcus, (F.) ^4rc, Arcade  (diminu-
 tive).  Any part of the body resembling an arch
 in  form;  as  the Arch  of the colon, (F.) Arc du
 colon,—the transverse portion of that intestine:
— Arch of the Aorta, Arcus  aor'ta,  (F.) Crosse
 de  VAorte, Ac, the turn which the aorta takes in
 the thorax.
   ARCA  ARCANORUM, Hydrargyrum—a. Cor-
 dis, Pericardium.
   ARCADE, see  Arc—a. Anastomotique,  Arch,
 anastomotic—a. Crurale, Crural arch—a. Ingui-
 nale,  Crural arch—a.  Orbitaire, Orbitar arch—
 a. Pubienne, Pubic arch—a. Zygomatique, Zygo-
 niSjtic fircn.
   ARCADES DENTAIRES, Dental arches —
 a. Palmaires, Palmar arches.
   A R CADI- TEMP OR O-MAXILLAIRE, Tem-
 poral is.
   ARCE'US or ARCffi'US, BALSAM OF, (F.)
 Banme d'Arcteus.  A kind of soft ointment used
 in sores, contusions, Ac.  It is made by melting
 two parts of mutton suet, one part of hog's lard:  I
turpentine  and rosin, each one part and a half:
straining and agitating till cold.
  ARCAXSOX, Colophonia.
  ARCA'NUM, from area,  'a chest.'  A secret,
a nostrum,  a quack  or empir'ical med'icine, (F.)
Arcane.  A remedy whose  composition is kept
secret;  but which  is reputed  to  possess  great
efficacy.
  Arcanum  Corallinum, Hydrargyri nitrico-
oxydum — a. Duplicatum, Potassae sulphas — a.
Tartari, Potassae acetas.
  ARCEAU, Arculus, Cradle.
  ARCEUTHOS, Juniperus communis.
  ARCH, ANASTOMOTIC, (F.) Arcade Anasto-
motique, is  the union of  two vessels, which  anas-
tomose by describing a curved line.  The vessels
of the mesentery  anastomose in this manner.
  Arch of the Aorta,  see Aorta—a. Crural, see
Crural arch — a.  Femoral, see Crural arch — a.
Gluteal, see Gluteal  aponeurosis—a. Haemal, see
Hasmal arch—a. Inguinal, see Crural arch—a. Or-
bital, see Orbitar arch—a. of the Palate, see Palate
bone—a. of the Pubis, see Pubic arch—a. Subpu-
bic,  see Subpubic arch—a. Superciliary, see Su-
perciliary arches—a. of a Vertebra, see Vertebrae—
a. Zygomatic, see Zygomatic arch.
  Arches  of the  Palate.  These  are two in
number on each side  of the throat, one of which
is termed anterior, the other posterior.
  The anterior arch arises  from the  middle of
the velum palati,  at the side of the uvula, and is
fixed to the edge  of  the base of the tongue.
  The posterior arch has its origin, likewise, from
the  side of the uvula, and passes  downwards to
be inserted into the  side of the pharynx.   The
anterior  arch  contains  the  circuinflexus palati,
and  forms  the isthmus  faucium.  The posterior
arch has within it  the  levator palati, and be-
tween the arches are the tonsils.
  ARCHiE'US, Arche'us, from apxv, 'commence-
ment,' (F.) Archee.   A word invented by Basil
Valentine,  and afterwards adopted by Paracelsus
and  Van Helmont.   The  latter used it for the
internal  principle of our motions and actions.
This archaeus, according  to Van Helmont, is an
immaterial principle, existing  in the  seed prior
to fecundation, and  presiding over the develop-
ment of the  body,  and over all organic pheno-
mena.  Besides this chief archaeus,  whose seat
Van Helmont placed in the upper orifice of the
stomach, he  admitted several of a subordinate
character,  which had to execute its orders; one,
for  instance, in each organ, to preside over its
functions;  each of  them being subject to anger,
caprice, terror, and every human feeling.
   ARCHANGEL, NEW, MINERAL SPRINGS.
About twenty  miles to the north of New  Arch-
angel, Sitka Island, on  the N. W. coast of North
America, are  some  thermal sulphureous waters,
the  temperature  of  one of which is  upwards of
 153° of Fahr.  They are much celebrated.—Sir
 Geo. Simpson.
   ARCHANGELICA, Lamium album—a.  Offici-
 nalis, Angelica.
   ARCHE, apxv, Inil'ium, Princip'ium, Primor'-
 dium, Or-lgo, lnva'sio.   The first attack of a dia-

   ARCHECPTOMA, Proctocele.
   ARCHEE, Archeeus.
   ARCHELL, CANARY, Lichen roccella.
   ARCHELOG"IA, from apxv, 'beginning,'and
 Xoyos, 'a discourse.'  A treatise on fundamental
 principles—of medicine, for example.
   ARCHEN'DA.  A powder of the leaves of the
 ligustrum,  used by the  ^Egyptians after bathing,
 to obviate the unpleasant odour of  the feet.—
 Prosper Alpinus.
   ARCHlA'TER,   Archia'trus,  Protomed'ieui, 
ARCIIIGENI  MORBI         87               ARENATIO
Protia'tros,  from ap^oi, 'I am first,' and  taroos' I
'physician.'  The original  signification of  this •
word is a matter of dispute.  Some consider, with
Mercurialis, that  it meant physician to a prince,
king, emperor, Ac; others, with C. Hoffmann, ap-
ply it  to every physician who, by his  situation,
is  raised above his colleagues.   The former opi-
nion seems to have prevailed — Archiatre des
Rois de France being applied to the chief  physi-
cian to the kings  of  France.
   ARCIIIG "EXT MORBI.   Acute diseases; be-
cause they  hold  the first rank:  from apxi, 'be-
ginning.' and ytvopai, ' I am.'
   ARCHIMAGIA, Chvmistry.
   ARC1UXGEAY,  MIXERAL  WATERS OF.
Archingeay is  situate in France, three  leagues
from St. Jean d'Angely.  The waters are prized
in all diseases.   They seem to contain  carbonate
of lime, a little chloride  of sodium, carbonate  of
iron, and some bitumen.
   ARC1IITECTURA  APOPLECTICA,  Apo-
plectic make.
   ARC1I IT/IS. Proctitis, Rectitis.
   ARCIIOCELE. Proctocele.
   ARCI101T0MA, Proctocele.
   ARCILOPTOSIS, Proctocele.
   ARCIIORRHA'GIA,  from uo^oj, 'the anus,'
 and peur,  'I flow.'  Archorrhu'u.   Hemorrhage
 from the anus.
   ARCIIORRH03A, Archorrhagia.
   ARCHOS. Arcus, Rectum.
   ARCIIOSTEGNOMA, Stricture of the Rectum.
   ARCHOSTEGNOSIS, Stricture of the Rectum.
   ARCIIOSTENOSIS, Stricture of the Rectum.
   ARC1DSVRINX, Fistula in  ano.
   AR'CIFORM,  Arcifior-'mis,  from  arx,  arcis,
 'a top or ridge,' and forma, 'shape.'  An epi-
 thet  given to  certain fibres, Fibra arcifiorm'es,
 of the  anterior pyramids of the medulla oblon-
 gata, which take a curved course around  the  in-
 ferior extremity of each corpus olivare and ascend
 towards the cerebellum.
   ARCTATIO,  Arctitu'ilo, from arcto, T make
 narrow;' Angusta'tio, Coarcta'tio,  (F.) Retrecis-
 sement.  Contraction of a natural opening or of a
 canal, and  especially of the vulva, of the orifice
 of the uterus, or of the intestinal canal.   Consti- .
 pation, (see Stegnosis.)  Reunion by suture or
 infibulation. — Scribonius  Largus,  Paul  Zac-
 chias, Ac.
   ARCTITUDO, Arctatio.
   ARCTIUM, A. lappa—a. Bardana, A. lappa.
   Arctium Lappa.  The root  and seed of the
 Clilbur, Barda'na, ApKetov, Arctium, A. barda'na
 seu majus  seu minus seu tomento'sum, I'lajrhis,
 Lappa glabra. Lappa major seu persona'ta, Per-
 sola'ta.  Pcrsolla'ta,  Persolu'ta, Burdock,  (Old
 Eng.)  Clithe, Cuckold,  (F.) Bardane, Glouteron,
 Herbc aux tcignenx.  Ord. Compositae. Sex. Syst.
 Syngenesia pequalis.  Root, Lappa (Ph.  U. S.),
 diuretic; seed, cathartic.  It has been  used in
 decoction in diseases of  the skin and in syphilis.
   Arctium Ma.ius, A. lappa—a. Minus, A. lappa
 —a. Tomentosum. A. lappa.
   ARCTOPUS  ECIIINATUS.  A South Afri-
 can plant, Ord. Umbelliferae, which is demulcent
 and diuretic, somewhat approaching sarsaparilla.
 The decoction of the root is employed in syphilis,
 lepra, and chronic  cutaneous  affections  of  all
 kinds.
   ARCTOSTAPHYLOS UVA  URSI, Arbutus
 uva ursi.
   ARCTU'RA, from arcto, T straighten.'  The
 effects  of  a nail grown into the flesh, Arctu'ra
 uni/uis.  See Onychogryphosis.
   Ahctura Unguium.   The growing in or inver-
 sion of the nails.   See Onychogryphosis.
   ARCUATIO. Concava'tio.   An anterior gib-
 bosity or projection of the sternum.
   ARCUEIL, MINERAL WATERS  OF.  Ar-
 cueil is about one  league  south  of Paris.   The
 water contains carbonic acid, carbonate of lime,
 sulphate of lime, chloride of sodium,  and some
 deliquescent salts.
   A celebrated society held its meetings at this
 village, of which Berthollet, Humboldt, La Place,
 Ac, were members.
   ARCULA CORDIS, Pericardium.
   ARCUL.E.  The Orbitar Fossae:  notXties. —
 Rufus of Ephesus.
   ARC'ULUS, diminutive of arcus, 'an arch.' A
 small arch; a cradle,  (F.)  Arceau, Archet.  A
 semicircular box or basket used for preventing
 the bed-clothes from coming in contact with in-
 jured or diseased  parts.  An ordinance  of the
 Grand Duke of Tuscany forbade mothers to sleep
 with an infant near them, unless it was put under
 a solid cradle.
   ARCUS MEDULLARIS, Fornix—a. Senilis,
 Gerotoxon — a.  Subpubicus, Subpubic arch — a.
 Superciliaris, Superciliary  arches—a.  Unguium,
 see Nail—a. Zygomaticus, Zygomatic  arch.
   ARDALOS, Excrement.
   ARDAS, Excrement.
   ARDENT, Ardens, from ardere, 'to burn.'
   Ardent Fever, (F.) Fievre ardente.  Cattsus,
 Synocha, or inflammatory fever.
   Ardent or Inflamed Eves. (F.) Yeux ardens.
 The eyes are so called  when injected red.
   Ardent Urine,  (F.) Urine ardente.  Urine of
 a deep red.
   ARDESIA HIBERNICA, Hibernicus lapis.
   ARDEUR, Ardor—a. du  Coeur, Cardialgia—
 a. ilEstomac, Ardor ventriculi,  Pyrosis — a. dc
 la  Fievre, Ardor  Febrilis — a.  el Urine,  Ardor
 Urinae.
   AR'DOR,  (F.)  Ardeur.   Heat.  A feeling of
 burning, of violent heat; yEstus,  yEstua'tio, Cau-
 so'ma.
   Ardor Febri'lis,  (F.)  Ardeur de  la  Fievre.
 The hot period  of  fever.
   Ardor Stomachi, Pyrosis.
   Ardor Uri'n.e,  (F.) Ardeur d'Urine.  A scald-
 ing sensation occasioned by the  urine in passing
■ over the inflamed  mucous membrane  of the ure-
 thra, or over the neck of the bladder.
   Ardor Venereus, Heat.
   Ardor  Ventric'uli,  Ebnllil'io   Stom'achi,
 Heartburn, (Sc.) Heartaxes, Heartscald, Hersket,
 (F.)  Ardeur d'Estomac.   See  Cardialgia  and
 Pyrosis.
   A'REA, 'a void place,' 'an open surface.'  A
 Latin word used by some authors to designate a
 variety of Alopecia, in which the hair changes
 colour,  but does not fall off; also, Porrigo de-
 calvans.
   AREA  GERMINATIVA, Tache embryonnaire.
   Area  Pellu'cida. An elliptical depression in
 the ovum, filled with a pellucid fluid,  in the cen-
 tre of which  is the germ.
   Area  Vasculo'sa, see Circulus venosus.
    ARE'CA.  The fruit—Are'ca  nut,  Betel  nut—
 of  Are'ca Calechu  seu Faufiel,  Caun'ga; Ord.
 Palmae; Sex. Syst. Monoecia Monadelphia; (F.)
 Arec, is astringent and tonic, and enters into the
 composition of the Betel,  the great masticatory
 of the Orientals.
    Areca Catechu, see  Areca — a.  Faufel, see
 Areca.
    AREFACTION, Arefac'tio, Xeran'sis, frpavcts,
 from arefacere, 'to  make dry,'  (arere, 'to dry,'
 i and facere, 'to make.')   The process of drying
 I substances, prior to pulverization.
    ARENA, see Gravel.
    ARENAMEN,  Bole Armenian.
 I   ARENA'TIO,   Inhuma'tio, Chosis, Sand  or 
ARENGASACCHARIFERA      88       ARGE MON E  MEXIC A>
Earth Bath;  from arena, 'sand;' Saburra'tio.
The  application of hot sand to the body.   Pedi-
Ulvia [?] of sand were formerly used in Ascites.
  ARENGA SACCHARIFERA,  see Toddy.
  ARENO'SA  URI'NA,  Sandy  Urine.   Urine
when it deposits a sandy sediment.
  ARENO'SUS, Sabulous. Also, one who passes
sandy urine.
  ARENULA, see Gravel.
  ARE'OLA.  A diminutive  of Area,  (F.) Aire.
Anatomists understand  by  Areola   the  inter-
stices  between  the fibres composing  organs, or
those existing  between laminae, or between ves-
sels  which interlace with each other.
  Areola  is also applied to the coloured circle
Halo, Halos, which  surrounds the nipple, Are'-
ola papilla'ris, and which becomes much darker
during  pregnancy; as well as  to  the  circle sur-
rounding certain  vesicles, pustules, &c, as the
pustules cf the small-pox,  the  vaccine vesicle,
<fcc.   Chaussier, in such cases, recommends the
word Aure'ola,  (F.) Aureole.
   Areola Papillaris, see Areola—a. Tubercles
of the, see Mamma.
   ARE'OLAR, Areola'ris.   Appertaining to an
areola.
   Areolar Exhalations are those  recremen-
titial secretions  which are  effected  within the
organs  of sense, or  in parenchymatous  struc-
tures—as  the aqueous, crystalline,  and vitreous
humours, &c.
   Areolar Tissue, Cellular Tissue.
   AREOM'ETER, Araom'eter,  Gravim'eter, Al-
coolom'eter, Alcobm'eter, Aerostat'ic Balance, from
apatos, 'light,'andperpov, 'measure:' i.  e.'measure
                  of lightness.'  An  instrument
                  so  called  because  first  em-
                  ployed to take the specific gra-
                  vity of fluids lighter than water.
                  The Areometer of Baume, which
                  is tbe most used in  Pharmacy,
                  particularly in France, consists
                  of  a tube  of  glass, largely
                  expanded towards  its inferior
                  extremity, and terminating be-
                  low by a small ball, containing
                  mercury or  lead, which serves
                  it as a balance, so that it may
                  remain  upright in  the fluid.
                  This tube is furnished  with a
                  graduated  scale.   If the  fluid
                  into which  the Areometer is
                  plunged be heavier than water,
                  the instrument rises; if lighter,
                  it  sinks.   There are  various
                  Areometers,  as those  of  the
                  Dutch, of Fahrenheit, Nichol-
                  son, &c.  The  Areometer is also
                  called  Hydrom'eter, (F.) Areo-
                  metre, Pese-b'queur.
                    There are some hydrometers
                  which  have a general applica-
                  tion for  determining the spe-
                  cific gravities  of liquids — as
                  Fahrenheit's, Nicholson's,Guy-
                  ton de Morveau's, and the com-
                  mon glass hydrometers, inclu-
                  ding Baumce's, Cartier's, Twad-
                  dle's, Zanetti's, and  the spe-
                  cific gravity beads; others  in-
                  tended  for  special  application
                  — as for  estimating the com-
                  parative strength of spirits; the
                  comparative densities  of  sy-
                  rups, oils,  &c — as Gay Lus-
                  sac's, Sikes's, and  Dicat's hy-
 drometers, and the  saccharometer,  urinometer,
 and elaeoineter.
SCALE  OP BVUME'S HYDROMETER,  WITH  CORRE-
        SPONDING SPECIFIC GRAVITIES.
1.	Ascendi	ig Scale for light liquids.
Scale of	Specific	Substances.
Haumu.	Gravities.	
70	700	Pure hydrocyanic acid.— Gay Lus-sac.
66	715	Ycrv pure sulphuric ether.
60	742	The same concentrated.
50	7S2 792	Equal parts of alt-olio] and ether.
42 ~	8191 827 J	Very pure alcohol for pharmaceu-
40		tical purposes.
36	847	Pure alcohol. Naphtha.
33	863	Alcohol of commerce.
32	K68	Essential oil of turpentine.
30	878	Hydrocyanic acid of Scheele and pure hydrocyanic acid, mixed
26	900 >	with an equal portion of water. —Robiquet.
25 23	906 ) 915 j |	Acetic ether. Nitric ether.
Id.	Id.	Muriatic ether.
22	923 |	Liquid Rmmonia. Olive oil.
Id.	Id.")	
20	935^-	Brandy.
18	948J	
13	9S0	Burgundy wine.
12	986	
11	993	Bordeaux wine.
10	1000	Distilled water.
2.  Descending Scale for  heavy liquids.
Baume's Hydro-
    meter.
Scale r,f	Specific
Baume.	Giavities.
0	1000
1	1007 1 1009j
2	1014
i\	1032
10	1075 1 1091 j"
12	
20	1161
21	1180 J 1210 S
25	
30	1261
35	13211
40	13841
41	i:«.x \
45	1454J
Id.	Id.
50	1532
60	1714
66	1847
70	1946
Substa
Common distilled water.
Distilled vinegar.
Common vinegar.
Cow's milk.

Concentrated acetic acid.


Liquid hydrochloric acid.
Boiling syrup.
Cold Syrup.
Common nitric acid.

Concentrated nitric acid.

Phosphoric acid for medical use.


Very concentrated sulphuric acid.
Very concentrated phosphoric acid
  ARES. A term invented by Paracelsus to de-
signate the principle on which depends the  form.
of mercury, sulphur, and salt.  These the alchy-
mists regarded as the three bodies that give  birth
to every  other.
  AR'ETE, apern, 'virtue.'  Mental or corporeal
vigour.—Hippocrates.
  ARETHU'SA, A. bulbo'sa ; indigenous. Order,
Orchidaceae.   The  bruised  bulbs  are  used in
toothache ; and as cataplasms to tumours.
  A'REUS.  A pessary mentioned by Paulus of
^Igina.
  ARGEL, Cynancbum oleoefolium.
  AR'GEMA, Ar'gemon,  Ar'gemus, from  apyos,
'white.'   Fos'sitla, (F.) Encavnre.  A white spot
or ulceration of  the  eye.—Hippocrates.   See
Leucoma.
  ARGEMO'NE,  MEXICA'NA,  Thorn Poppy,
Prickly  Poppy,  Yellow  Thistle.   A native of
Mexico,  but  naturalized  in  most parts of the
world.   Orel. Papaveraeeae.   Sex. Syst.  Polyan-
dria Monogynia.  The juice resembles gamboge, 
ARGENSON
89      ARGILLA  BOLUS FLAVA
and has been used as a hydragogue.  The seeds
are employed in the West Indies as a substitute
for ipecacuanha.  They  are also used  as a ca-
thartic
   ARGENSON, MINERAL WATERS OF.  A
chalybeate  situate  at  Argenson  in Dauphiny:
used in cases of obstruction, jaundice, &c
   ARGENT, Argentum—a. Chlorure d', see Ar-
gentura — a.  Cyauure  il, see  Argentum — a. et
dAmmoniaque, chlorure d', see  Argentum — a.
Iodine d', see Argentum — a.  Oxide d', see Ar-
gentum—a.  Petit, Platinum — a.  Vive, Hydrar-
gyrum.
   ARGENTERIA, Potentilla anserina.
   ARGENT! CHLORIOUM, see Argentum—a.
et Ammoniae  chloriduin, see  Argentum — a. et
Ammoniae chloruretutn,  see Argentum — a. Cya-
nidum, see  Argentum — a. Cyanuretum, see Ar-
gentum—a.  Iodidum, see Argentum—a. Iodure-
tuiu, see Argentum.
   Argen'ti  Nitras,  Argen'tum  Nitra'tum seu
 Nit'ri' urn, Sal argert'ti,  (F.) Nitrate ou Azotate
 dArgent, Nitrate of Silver.  This preparation is
 sometimes kept in  crystals, the  Nitras Argen'ti
 in crystal'los concre'tus, Nitrate d'Argent crystal-
 lise of the Codex of Paris,  Luna potab'ilis, Crys-
 talti Luna,  Argen'tum nilricum crystallisa'turn,
 Nitras argenti crystal'Units, Nitrum luna're, Hy-
 drugo'gum Boy'lei.  Generally, however, it is in
 the fused state : and it is this which is admitted
 into most Pharmacopoeias, and which,  besides
 the name Nitras Argenti, is called Nitras argen'ti
 fusus seu fusinn, Caus'ticum luna're, Lapis infer-
 na'lis, 'Argen'tum  nilricum fiusum, and lunar-
 caustic,  (F.) Nitrate d'argent fondu, Pierre in-
 fernalc.
    In the Pharmacopoeia of the United States, it
 is directed to be prepared as follows : — Take of
 silver, in small pieces,  t^j ;  nitric acid,  f^viji
 distilled water,  f^ij.   Mix  the  acid  with  the
 water, and dissolve  the  silver  in the mixture in
 a sand bath; then  crystallize, or gradually in-
 crease the heat, so that the resulting salt  may be
 dried.   Melt this in a crucible over a gentle fire,
 and continue the heat  until  ebullition  ceases;
 then immediately pour it into suitable moulds.
   The virtues of nitrate of silver are tonic, and
 escharotic  It is given in  chorea, epilepsy, &o.:
 locally, it is used in various  cases as an escha-
 rotic   Dose, gr. 1-8 to gr. 1-4 in pill, three times
 a day.
   When silver is combined with iodine, it is said
 to have the  same effect as the nitrate, and not to
 produce the slate colour of the surface, which is
 apt to  follow the  protracted use of the latter.
   Argenti Oxidum, see  Argentum.
   ARGENTILLA  VULGARIS,  Potentilla an-
 serina.
   AR'GENTINE, Argento'sus, same etymon as
 the next.  Pertaining to silver; as an 'argentine
 solution,' or solution of a salt  of silver.
   Argentine, Potentilla anserina.
   ARGEN'TUM, Ar'gyrus, from apyos, 'white,'
 Silver, Luna, Dia'na. (F.) Argent.   A solid metal
 of a shining white appearance ; insipid; inodor-
 ous; highly  sonorous;  malleable  and ductile;
 somewhat hard; crystallizable in  triangular py-
ramids ;  fusible a  little  above a red  heat,  and
volatizable;  s. g. 10.4.  Not  used in medicine,
unless  in some places for silvering pills.  Silver
Leaf,  Argen'tum folia'turn, is the state in which
it is used for this purpose.
   Argentum  Divi'sum,  metallic silver, in very
fine powder, has been recommended internally in
syphilis.
   The  Chloride (Argen'ti chlo'ridum, Argen'-
tum murialiciim  seu chlora'tum  seu  sali'tum.
Chlorurc'tiim Argen'ti, Chlor'uret or Mu'riate of
Silver, (F.)  Chlorure dArgent); the Cyanlret;
the Iodide (Argen'ti Io'didum, Argen'tum loda'-
tum, Iodure'tum Argen'ti, Iod'uret of Silver, (F.)
lodure d'Ar-gent;) the Oxide  (Argen'ti ox'idum,
Argen'tum oxyda'tum, (F.)  Oxide d'Argent),and
the Chloride of  Ammonia and Silver (Argen'ti
et Ammo'nia chlo'ridum, Argen'tum muriat'icum
ammonia'tum, Chlorure'tum Argen'ti et  Ammo'-
nia, Chlo'ruret of Silver  and Ammonia, Arnmo-
nio-chloride of Silver, (F.)  Chlorure  d'Argent et
d'Ammoniaque),have been used in syphilis.  At
first,  these different preparations were adminis-
tered iatraleptically on the gums; the chloride,
the cyanide and the iodide in  the dose of l-12th
of a grain; the  chloride of silver and ammonia
in the dose of l-14th of a  grain, and the oxide of
silver and divided silver in the dose of l-8th and
l-4th of a grain.   M. Serre, of Montpellier, who
made many  trials  with them, soon  found that
these doses were too small;  he therefore raised
that of the chloride to l-10th, and of the iodide
to 1-Sth of a grain,  without  any  inconvenience
resulting.  The dose of the other preparations was
likewise increased  in a similar ratio.  M. Serre
extols the preparations  of silver—used internally
as well as iatraleptically — as  antisyphilitics, but
they are not to be depended upon.
   The 'Cyanuret or Cyanide  of Silver, Argen'ti
 Cyanure'tum seu Cyan'idum, Argen'tum cyanoge-
na'tum, (F.)  Cyanure d'argent, is thus directed
to  be prepared  in  the  Ph. U. S. (1842,) Argent.
Ait. ^s.v. Acid Hydrocyan., Aq. destillat. aa. Oj.
Having dissolved  the  nitrate  of  silver in the
water, add the hydrocyanic acid, and mix them.
Wash the precipitate with distilled water and dry
it.   In the last edition  of the Pharmacopoeia,
(1851,) it is directed to  be prepared as follows:—
Nitrate of Silver, dissolved in distilled water, is
put into a tubulated glass receiver; Ferocyanuret
if Potassium, dissolved in distilled water, is put
into a tubulated retort, previously adapted to the
receiver.   Dilute Sulphuric Acid is added to the
solution in the retort; and, by means of a sand-
bath and a moderate heat, distillation is carried
on until  the  liquid that  passes over no longer
produces  a precipitate in the receiver.  The pre-
cipitate is then  washed with distilled water, and
dried.
   The  Oxide of Silver,  Argen'ti Ox'idum, has
been introduced into the last edition  of the Ph.
U. S. (1851).  It is made  by precipitating a solu-
tion of the Nitrate  of  Silver  by solution of Po-
tassa, drying the precipitate.
   Argentum  Chloratum,  see  Argentum—a,
Cyanogenatum,   see  Argentum—a.  Fugitivum,
Hydrargyrum — a.  Fusum,   Hydrargyrum — a.
Iodatum, see Argentum—a. Liquidum, Hydrar-
gyrum— a. Mobile, Hydrargyrum—a. Muriati-
cum, see Argentum — a.  Muriaticum  Ammonia-
tum, see Argentum—a.Oxydatum, see Argentum
—a. Salitum, see Argentum—a. Vivum, Hydrar-
gyrum.
   ARGIL, PURE, Argilla pura.
   ARGILE  OCHRE USE PALE, Bolus Alba. "
   ARGILLA BOLUS FLAVA, Terra. Lemnia—
a. Bolus  rubra,  Bole Armenian — a.  Ferruginea
rubra, Bole Armenian—a. Kalisulphurica, Alu-
men—a. Pallida, Bolus alba.
   Argilla Pura,  Terra  Alu'minis seu  bola'ris,
seu  argilla'cea pura seu  depura'ta seu hydra'ta,
Alu'mina pura seu  depura'ta,  Ox'idum alumin'ii,
pure Argil or Alumina,  (F.) Alumine factice.
This substance, which is prepared by drying alum
and exposing it, for twenty  or twenty-five mi-
nutes, to a red heat, until the sulphuric acid is
driven off, has been recommended in  indigestion
as antacid, as well  as in vomiting and diarrhoea
accompanied  with  acidity.  The dose to a very
young child is from ^ss to £j  ', to  older children
from 5j to ^ij. 
ARGILLJE ACETAS           0
0
ARMOUR
  Argilla Sulphuric a Alcalis ata, Alumen —
a. Sulphurica usta, Alumen  exsiccatum — a. Su-
persulphas alcalisatum, Alumen — a. Vitriolata.
Alumen.
  ARGILL.E ACETAS,  Aluminae acetas —a.
Sulphas, Aluminic sulphas.
  ARGOL, RED, Potassae supertartras impurus
■—a.  White, Potassae supertartras impurus.
  ARGUMENTUM INTEGRITATIS. Hymen.
  ARGY'RIA,  from  apyvpos, 'silver.'   The dis-
coloration of  the skin  occasioned by the internal
use of nitrate of silver.
  ARGYR0C1LETA, Matricaria,
  ARGYROPH'ORA, from apyvpos,  'silver,' and
tpepor, 'I bear.'  A name given, by Myrepsus, to
an antidote which he regarded as extremely pre-
cious.
  ARGYROTROPHEMA, Blancmanger.
  ARGYRUS, Argentum.
  ARHEUMATTC, Arheumat'icus,  from a, pri-
vative, and pcvpa, 'fluxion  or rheumatism.'  One
without fluxion  or rheumatism.
  ARIA, Crataegus aria—a.  Cattiva, see Miasma.
  ARICI'NA, Aric"ia, Cus'conin,  Cusco-Cincho'-
nia,  so called from Arica in  South America, the
place where it is shipped.  An alkaloid found in
Cusco Bark, which is very similar in many of its
properties to  Cinchonia.  Cusco was the ancient
residence of the Incas.
  ARIC'YMON, from apt,  an intensive particle,
and  Kvetv,  ' to  conceive.'   A name  given to  a
female  who conceives readily.—Hippocrates.
  ARIDE'NA.   A Latin word employed to de-
signate  the leanness  of any part. — Ettmuller,
Sauvages.
  ARIDTTY, Arid'itas. (F.) Aridity, from arere,
'to grow dry.'  The French use  the word Ari-
dite  to  express the dryness  of any organ, and
particularly of the skin and tongue, when such
dryness is so  great as  to render tbe organ rough
to the touch.  AriditS also means  the lanuginous
appearance of the hair in some diseases in which
it seems covered with dust.
  ARIDU'RA.   Wasting  or emaciation  of the
whole or  of any part of the body;  Marasmus,
Atrophy.
  Aridura Cordis, Heart,  atrophy of the — a.
Hepatis, Hepatrophia.
  ARIKA, see Spirit.
  ARIS.EMA ATRO-RUBENS,  Arum triphyl-
lum.
  ARISTALTILEA, Althaea.
  ARISTOLOCIU'A, from  aptaros,  ' very good,'
and  Xoxtta, 'parturition;' so called, because the
different varieties were supposed to  aid parturi-
tion.  Birthwort, (F.) Aristoloche.   Ord. Aris-
tolochiaceae.  Several varieties were once in use.
  Aristolochia Cava, Fumaria bulbosa.
  Aristolochi'a Clemati'tis, Aristolochia Vul-
ga'ris  seu Cre'tica seu ten'uis, Adra Riza (F.)
Aristoloche ordinaire,  Upright  Birthwort.  The
root has been considered stimulant and emmena-
gogue, and as such has been used in amenorrhcea,
chlorosis, and cachexia.
  Aristolochia Cretica, A. Clematitis—a. Fa-
bacea,   Fumaria  bulbosa — a.  Hastata,  see A.
serpentaria—a.  Hirsuta, see  A. serpentaria.
  Aristolochi'a  Longa, and A. Rotun'da, (F.)
Aristoloche tongue  et  ronde,  Long and  Round
Birthwort. Virtues tbe same as the preceding.
  Aristolochi'a Pistolochi'a, Pistolochi'a Aris-
tolochi'a,  Polyrrhi'za.   This variety has an aro-
matic odour, and  an  acrid and bitter taste.  (F.)
Aristoloche crenelee.
  Aristolochia Reticulata, see  A. serpentaria.
  Aristolochi'a Serpenta'ria, Scrjienta'ria, S.
 Virginia'na,  Vijrera'ria,  Vij/eri'na  Virginia'na,
Colubri'na Virginia'na, Contrayer'va Virginia'-
na, (F.) Serpentaire et Aristoloche serpentaire de
 Virginie, Culuvrine ou Coulcuvrte on Yipe"rine de
 Virginie,  Virginia  Snakeroot, Snakeroot Birth-
wort,  Snakciveed, Snagrcl.  Virtues of the root,
Serpenta'ria, tonic, stimulant; and  as such, em-
ployed in debility,  intermittents,  <fcc   Aristo-
lochi'a Hirsu'ta, A. Hasta'ta  and A. Reticu-
lata; indigenous, are employed indiscriminately
with A. Serpentaria under the name Serpentaria
or Virginia Snakeroot.
  Aristolochi'a Sipho, Dutchman's pipe, and
A. Tomento'sa; indigenous, have virtues  like
those of A. Serpentaria.
  Aristolochi'a Tenuis, A.  Clematitis—a. To-
mentosa, see A. sipho—a. Trifida, A. Trilobata.
  Aristolochi'a Triloba'ta, A.  trifida,  (F.)
Aristoloche trilobee.   A plant of Surinam and
Jamaica;  possessing the general virtues  of the
Aristolochiaceae.  The  other varieties of Aristo-
lochia have similar properties.
  Aristolochi'a Vulgaris  Rotunda, Fumaria
bulbosa.
  ARISTOLOCH'IC, Aristolocllicus.  Same ety-
mology.  An old term for remedies supposed to
have  the property of promoting the flow of the
lochia,—Hippocrates, Theophrastus, Dioscorides,

 _ ARIS'TON MAGNUM, and ARISTON PAR-
VUM.  These  names  were  formerly  given to
pharmaceutical  preparations,  used in phthisis,
tormina, and fever.—Avicenna.
  ARISTOPHANEI'ON.  A sort  of  emollient
plaster, prepared with four pounds of pitch, two
of apochyma, one of wax, an ounce  of opoponax,
and  half a  pint of vinegar. — Gorraeus.   Not
used.
  ARKAN'SAS,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.
About 5 miles from the Washita,  river, and about
a quarter of a degree north of the Louisiana line,
there .are about 70  of those springs;—Ouachita
or Washitau  Springs.   They are thermal, vary-
ing from 138° to 150° Fahrenheit,  and are em-
ployed in rheumatism, cutaneous affections, Ac.
  ARK-BEIN, Pubis os.
  ARKEION, Arctium  Lappa.
  ARLADA, Realgar.
  ARLES, MINERAL WATERS  OF.   Ther-
mal  sulphureous springs in the department of
Pyrenees Orientales, France.  Their temperature
is 103° to 145° of Fahr., and they  contain  sul-
phohydric acid.
  ARM, Brachium.
  ARMA, Penis—a. Ventris, Penis.
  ARMAMENTARIUM, Arsenal —a.  Chirurgi-
cum, see Arsenal—a. Portabile, see Case.
  ARMATORY UNGUENT, Hoplochrysma.
  ARMA.TURA, Amnios.
  ARME, from  apor, 'I adapt,'   Any  physiolo-
gical or mechanical junction or union of parts.—
Hesychius. A suture, as of the cranium.—Galen.
  ARMENIACA EPIROTICA, Prunus Armeni-
aca—a, Malus, Apricot, see Prunus—a. Vulgaris,
Prunus Armeniaca.
  ARMENIAN STONE, Melochites.
  ARM UNITES, Melochites.
  ARMILL./E  MANUS  MEMBRANOS^E,  An-
nular ligaments of the carpus.
  ARMOISE BLANCHE,  Artemisia rupestris
—a. Commune,  Artemisia vulgaris—a. Estraqon,
Artemisia dracunculus—a. Ordinaire, Artemisia
vulgaris.
  ARMONIACUM, Ammoniac, gum.
  ARMORA'CIA, from Armorica, where it was
largely cultivated.   In the Pharmacopoeia of the
United States, the fresh root of Cochlearia armo-
racia.
  Armoracia Rusticana, Cochlearia armoracia
—a. Sativa, Cochlearia armoracia.
  ARMOUR, Condom. 
ARMURE DES J AM PES      91
ARROW  ROOT
  ARMURE  DES JAMIiES, see  Cornu  am-
monis.
  ARMUS, Humerus—a. Summus, Acromion.
  ARN, Alnus glutino>a.
  ARNALD'IA,  Amaldie.   A  disease,  which
appears to  have prevailed in England at one
time, but whose origin and nature are unknown.
It was accompanied with  loss of bair; and, by
some, is supposed to have been Syphilis.  " Deinde
uterque Rex incidit in aegritudinem, quam Ar-
nahliam vocant,  in  qua ipsi  usque ad mortem
laborantes, capillos suos deposuerunt."—Rogerus
Hovedenus, in Ricardo I.,  cited by Du Cange.
  AR'NICA  MONTA'NA.   Derivation  uncer-
tain.  Arnica, Leopard's Bane, Dororlicum Ger-
man' icum sen  Ojrpositifio'lium sen Plantaif'inis
folio,  Ar'nica  I'lauensis,   Alis'ma,  Ac"yrus,
Dinrelica,  I'aiuti-c'a lapso'rum, Ptar'mica. mon-
ta'ua, Cultha  seu  Calcn'dula Alpltta, Nardus
 Cel'tica altera,  (F.) Antique, Betoiue  ou  Tabac
des  Montagues, Tabac des  Vosges, Tabac ou  Be-
toiue ties Savoyards, Doronic d'Allemagne, Plan-
tain ou Souci ties Alpes.  Sex. Syst. Syngenesia
Polygamia superflua.   Ord.  Compositae.   The
plant and flowers  (Arnica, Ph. U. S.) are consi-
dered, or have been considered, narcotic, stimu-
 lant, emmenagogue, &c; and, as such, have been
 given in  amaurosis, paralysis, all nervous affec-
 tions, rheumatism, gout,  chlorosis, <fcc  Dose,
 gr.  v to x, in powder.   In large doses  it is dele-
 terious.
   Arnica Nudicaulis  and A. Mollis are sup-
 posed to have medical virtues like the last.
   Arnica Plauknsis, Arnicamontana—a. Spuria,
 Inula dysenterica — a.  Suedensis, Inula dysen-
 terica.
   ARNIQUE, Arnica montana.
   ARNOGLOSSUM, Plantago.
   ARNOTT'S DILATOR, see Dilator, Arnott's.
   ARNUT, Bunium bulbocastanum.
   ARO'MA, Ar'tyma, 'perfume:' (apt,  intensive,
 and oapn or oipr), 'odour,'  or from apto, 'to make
 fitting or  agreeable.')   Spir'itus  Rector;  (F.)
 Arorne.   The  odorous part of plants.  An ema-
 nation— frequently imponderable — from bodies,
 which acts on the organ of smell, and varies with
 the bodv exhaling it.
   AROMATE,  Aromatic
   AROMATIC, Aromat'icus, (F.) Aromate. Any
 odoriferous substance obtained from the vegetable
 kingdom which contains  much volatile oil, or a
 light and  expansible resin.  Aromatics are used
 in  perfumes, in  seasoning, and  embalming.  In
 medicine they are employed as stimulants.  Gin-
 ger, cinnamon, cardamoms,  mint, <tc,  belong  to
 this class.
   AR'OMATIZE, (F.) Aromatiser.   To add to a
 mixture  or potion some  aromatic, to mask its
 taste or  render it more  agreeable.  Such mix-
 ture is then said to be aromatized.
   AROMATOPO'LA, from  aporpa,  'an  odour,'
 and norXtto, ' I sell.'   An apothecary or druggist.
 One who sells spices.
   A RON. Arum.
   AROPII.  A  barbarous word, which had vari-
 ous significations with the ancients.  Paracelsus
 employed it to designate a lithonthriptic remedy.
 The  mandragora, according  to some.   Also, a
 mixture of bread, saffron, and wine.—Van Hel-
 mont.
   Aitopn  Paracelsi, Ferrum ammoniatum.
   ARQUEBUSADE, EAU D', Aqua traumal-
 ica Thede'nii seu Thetlia'na seu sclopeta'ria seu
 vu/nera'ria seu catapnlta'rum, Mistu'ra vulnera'-
 ria ac"ida.  A sort of vulnerary water, distilled
 from  a farrago  of aromatic plants.  Rosemary,
 fti<s • millefoil,  thi/rne, each tbss ; Proof spirit, 2
 gallons—distil a gallon.  This is one form.
   ARR, Cicatrix.
  ARRABON, Arraphon.
  ARRACHEMENT (F.),  from  arracher; 'to
tear  out,' Apospas'ma, Abrup'tio, Avul'sio.   Act
of separating a part of the body by tearing it from
the bonds connecting it with others.  Evulsion.
Laceration.
  Arrachement  is  applied to certain operations,
as to the extraction of a tooth, the extirpation of
a polypus, &c
  ARRACK, Arack.  See Spirit.
  AR'RAPHON,  Ar'rabon, from  a, priv.,  and
patpri, 'a suture,' — 'without suture.'   A  term
applied to  the  cranium  when it presents  no
sutures.
  ARRECTIO. Erection.
  ARRED, see Scar.
  ARREPTIO, Insanity.
  ARRESTA BOVIS, Ononis spinosa,
  ARRET D'HILDAX, Remora Hildani.
  ARRETE-BOZUF, Ononis spinosa.
  ARRIIffi'A, from  a, priv., and  peor, 'I flow.'
The suppression of any flux. Amenorrhcea.
   ARRHOSTEMA, Disease.
   ARRHOSTENIA, Disease.
   ARRHOSTIA, Disease, Infirmity.
   ARRIIYTHMUS, Cacorrhythmus.
   ARRIBA, Geoffraea vermifuga.
   ARRIERE-BOUCHE,   Pharynx — a. -Dent,
see Dentition—a. -Faix, Secundines.
   ARRIERE-GOUT (F.),  'after taste.'   The
taste left by certain bodies in the mouth for some
time after they have been swallowed, owing per-
haps to the papillae of the mouth having imbibed
the savoury substance.
   ARRIERES NARINES, Nares, posterior.
   ARROCHE,  Atriplex  hortensis — a. Puant,
Chenopodium vulvaria.
   ARROSEMENT, Aspersion.
   ARROWHEAD, Sagittaria variabilis.
   ARROW LEAF, Sagittaria variabilis.
   ARROW POISON. "This differs with different
tribes of Indians.  By some, the poison  capsicum,
and infusions of a strong kind of tobacco, and of
euphorbiaceae are mixed  together, with the poi-
sonous emmet, and the teeth of the formidable
serpent, called, by the Peruvian Indians, Miua-
maru or Jergon—Lachesi? picta of Tschudi.
   ARROW ROOT, Fec'ula Maran'ta,  Am'ylum
maranta'ceum seu Ameriea'num.  The fecula of
the rhizoma of Maran'ta Arundina'cea, Maranta
 (Ph. U. S.), Ord. Marantaceae, which, like all
feculae, is emollient and nutritive, when prepared
with water, milk,  <fcc
   Dr. Carson has shown, that Florida arrow root
is derived from Za'miet integrifo'lia or Z.pu'mila,
 Sugar pine, Ord. Cycadaceae;  Bermuda arrow
root being obtained from Maranta arundinacea.
 Florida arrow root, as well as the farina, is known
in the Southern States under the name Coonti or
 Coontie.
   According to Dr. Ainslie, an  excellent kind of
 arrow root is prepared in  Travancore from the
 root of Curcuma angitstifiolia, Ord. Zingiberaceae.
   Arrow root mucilage is made by rubbing arrow
 root powder- with  a little cold water, in a basin,
 by means of the back of a spoon, until it is com-
 pletely mixed with the water; then pouring boil-
 ing water over it, stirring assiduously until a soft,
 gelatinous, tenacious mucilage is formed;  and,
 lastly, boiling for five minutes.  A tablespoonful
 of arrow root powder is sufficient  to make a pint
 of mucilage.  It  may be  moderately sweetened;
 and wine or lemon juice may be added.
   With milk also it forms a bland and nutritious
 article of diet.
   Arrow  Root, Brazilian.  The fecula of Ja-
 tropha Manihot. 
ARROW WEED
9 2
ARSENICUM
  Arrow Root, Common,  see Solanum  tubero-
sum.
  Arrow Root, East Indiax. The fecula of the
tubers of Curcuma angustifolia, or narrow-leaved
Turmeric.
  Arrow Root, English, Arrow root, common.
  Arrow Root, Tahi'ti, Tacca starch, Otahelte
Salep.  The fecula of Tacca Oceanica.
  ARROW WEED,  Sagittaria variabilis.
  ARROW  WOOD,  Euonymus, Viburnum den-
tatum.
  ARS CABALISTICA, Cabal—a. Chyraiatrica,
Chymiatria—a. Clysmatica nova, Infusion of me-
dicines— a. Coquinaria, Culinary art—a. Cosme-
tica, Cosmetics — a.  Culinaria, Culinary art — a.
Empirica, Empiricism—a. Formulas medicas con-
cinandi, see Prescription—a. Hermetica, Chymis-
try—a. Homoeopathica, Homoeopathy—a. Hydria-
trica, Hydrosudotherapeia — a.  Infusoria,  Infu-
sion of medicines — a. Machaonia,  Medicina—a.
Majorum, Chymistry — a. Medica,  Medicina — a.
Obstetricia,  Obstetrics—a.  Sanandi, Art, healing
—a, Separatoria, Chymistry—a. Signata,  Cabal
■—a. Spagyrica, Chymistry—a. Sphygmica, Sphyg-
mologia—a. Veterinaria, Veterinary Art—a. Zoia-
trica, Veterinary Art.
  ARSALTOS, Asphaltum.
  ARSATUM, Nymphomania.
  ARSECOCKLE (Sc), synonymous with  Teut.
aers-bleyne, tuberculus in ano.   Originally, a
hot  pimple  on  the  hips.  Now, in  Scotland, a
similar  pimple on the  face or any part of  the
body.—Jamieson.
  ARSEXAL (F.),  Chirapothe'ca, Armamenta'-
rium. A. Chirur'gicum.   A collection of surgical
instruments.   A work containing a description
of  surgical  instruments.   Armamentilriiim  ob-
etelricum has  the same significations in regard to
obstetrics.
  ARSENTATE, Arsen'ias, (F.) Arshiiate, from
cpat)v, ' robust.'  A salt formed by  a combination
of arsenic acid with  a salifiable base.
  Arseniate  op Ammonia, Arsen'ias Ammo'nia,
Ammo'nium Arsen'icum seu Arsenic'icum, (F.)
Arsiniate dAmmoniaque.   This preparation is
highly extolled  in cutaneous diseases.   A  grain
of  the salt may be dissolved in an ounce of dis-
tilled water, and 20  to 25  drops be  commenced
with  as a dose.
  Arseniate  of  Iron, Arsen'ias Ferri, Ferrum
Arsenia'tum seu Arsenic'icum oxydula'turn, (F.)
Arseniate de  Per.   This  preparation has been
applied externally to cancerous ulcers.   An oint-
ment may be  made of ^ss of the arseniate, ^ij of
the  phosphate of iron,  and 5Jvj  of  spermaceti
ointment.   The arseniate  has  also been  given
internally in cancerous  affections, in the dose of
one-sixteenth  of a grain.
  Arseniate   op Protox'ide  op  Potas'sium,
Proto-arsen'iate of Potas'sium, Arsen'iate of Po-
tassa, Arsen'ias Potassa seu Kali, (F.) Arseniate
de  Potasse,  Sel arsenical de Macquer.   Proper-
ties the same  as those of arsenious acid.
   Arseniate  op Quinia, Quiniae Arsenias.
   Arsen'iate op Soda, Soda arsen'ias, (F.)  Ar-
siniate de Sonde.  Made, according to the Codex
of Paris, by mixing  and heating to redness arse-
nious acid and nitrate of soda;  dissolving  the
salt in water;  adding carbonate  of soda until
there is  an  alcaline  reaction; filtering, evapora-
ting, and crystallizing.   It is the basis of  Pear-
son's Solution, which is formed of one grain of the
crystallized arseniate to one fluidoonce of distilled
water.  Dose, gtt. xx.  Heineeke's Solution con-
sists  of the arseniate, gr.  vj ; peppermint  water,
f3iiss; wine of cinnamon,  f ^ss; laudanum, fQ.
D'ose, forty to fifty drops.
   ARSEXIA TE DE SO UDE, Arseniate of Soda.
   AR'SENIC, Arsen'icum, (Ph. U. S.)  A solid
 metal;  of a steel-gray colour ;  granular texture ;
 very brittle;  volatilizing  before  melting; very
 combustible and acidifiable.  It is not dangerous
 of itself, and  only becomes so by virtue of the
 facility with which it absorbs oxygen.
  ARSEXIC BLAXC, Arsenicum album.
  Arsenic, Iodide op, Arsen'ici  Io'didttm seu
 Teriod'idum seu  Iodure'tum, Arsen'icum  Ivdtl-
 tum, Hydri'odas arsen'ici, formed by the combi-
 nation of arsenic  and iodine.   This preparation,
 applied externally, has  been  highly extolled in
 various cutaneous affections.  An ointment may
 be made of three  grains of iodide to ^j of lard.
 It has also been given internally in the dose of a
 tenth of a grain in similar affections. It is offici-
 nal in the Ph. II.  S. 1851.
  Arsenic, Oxide or, Arsenicum album—a, Ox-
 ide of, White, Arsenicum album—a. White, Arse-
 nicum album.
  Arsenic  and Mercury, Iodide of, Hydrar'-
 gyri  et Arsen'ici   Io'didum, Double 1'odide  of
 Mer'cury and Ar'senic, lodo-arsenite of Mer'cury.
 A compound,  which has been  proposed as more
 efficacious than either the iodide  of arsenic or
 the  iodide of mercury.  It is  made by  tritura-
 ting 6'08 grains of arsenic; 14-S2 grains of mer-
 cury;  49 of iodine, with a fluidrachm of alcohol,
 until the  mass has become dry, and  from being
 deep brown has become pale red.  Eight ounces
 of distilled water are poured on,  and, after tritu-
 ration for a few  moments, the  whole is trans-
 ferred to a flask; half a drachm of  hydriodic
 acid, prepared by the acidification  of two  grains
 of iodine, is added, and the mixture is  boiled for
 a few moments. When  the solution is cold, make
 the  mixture up to f^jviij  with  distilled  water.
 This is  called by Mr.  Donovan,  the  proposer,
 Liquor Arsen'ici  et Hydrar'gyri  Io'didi, each
 drachm of which, by measure, consists of water,
 3J ; arsenious acid, gr. l-8th; peroxide of mercury,
 gr. l-4th; iodine, converted into hydriodic acid,
 gr. 3-4ths.  In the last edition of the Ph. U. S.
 it is directed  to  be made  of  Arsenici  Jodidum
 and Hydrargyri lodidum rubrum, each  gr. xxxv;
 and Aqua destillat a, Oss; dissolving by rubbing,
 heating to the boiiing point, and filtering.
   The dose of Donovan's  Solution is from TILx
 to f gss, two or three times a day.
   It has been used successfully in  inveterate cu-
. taneous diseases.
   ARSEN'ICAL,  Arsenica'lis,  (F.)  Arsenical.
 Relating, or appertaining to, or  containing, ar-
 senic.
   Arsen'ical Paste,  (F.)  Pate  Arsinicale.
 This application to cancers is formed of 70 parts
 of cinnabar, 22 of dragon's blood, and  8 of arse-
 nious acid ; made into a paste with saliva, when
 about to be applied.
   Arsenical Powders of Frere Come, and of
 Justamond, see Powder, Arsenical.
   Arsenical  Solution, see Arseniate of Soda,
 and Liquor Arsenicalis.
   ARSENICI HYDRIODAS, Arsenic, Iodide of
 —a. lodidum, Arsenic, Iodide of—a, Ioduretum,
 Arsenic, Iodide of—a. Teriodidum, Arsenic, Io-
 dide of.
   ARSENICISM'US,  Intoxica'tio Arsenica'lis.
 Poisoning by arsenic.
   ARSENICUM, Arsenic.
   Arsen'icum  Album,  White  Ar'senic, Oxide
 of Ar'senic,  Ratsbane, Arsen'ici  ox'ydum  al-
 bum, Calx Arsen'ici alba, Ac"idum Arsenico'sum
 seu Arsenio'sum (Ph. IT. S.), Arsen ious acid, Wh ite
 oxide of arsenic, (F.) Arsenic  blunc.  An acid
 which is met with in commerce, in compact, white,
 heavy, fragile masses; of a vitreous aspect, op;.kc,
 and covered with a white dust; of an acrid and
 nauseous taste; without smell when cold; vola-
I tilizable by heat,  and exhaling the odour of gar- 
ARSENIS  TOTASS-E         93                ARTERE
lie; soluble in water,  alcohol, and oil; crystal-
lizable in regular octahedrons.   It is this that is
meant by the name arsenic, as commonly used.
  Arsen'icum  Album  Sublima'tum, Sublimed
Oxiele of Arsenic, is the  one  employed in medi-
cine.   It is tonic and cscharotic, and is the most
virulent of mineral poisons.  It is used in inter-
mitten ts, periodical headachs, neuroses, Ac. Dose,
gr. one-tenth to one-eighth, in pill.  See Poisons,
Table of.
  Arsenicum Lodatum,  Arsenic, Iodide of—a.
Rubruin factitium, Realgar.
  ARSENIS  POTASSAE, Arsenite of protoxide
of potassium—a. Potassae aquosus, Liquor arseni-
calis—a. Potassae liquidus, Liquor arsenicalis.
   AR'SENITE, Ar'senis.  A salt, formed by a
combination of  the arsenious acid with a salifi-
able base.
   Ar'senite of Protox'ide of Potas'sium, Pro-
to-ar'senile of Potas'sium, Ar'senite  of Potassa,
Ar'senis Potassa.  An uncrystallizable  and co-
lourless salt, which forms  the basis of the liquor
arsenicalis, which see.
   Arsenite of Quinia,  Quiniae arsenis.
   ARSE-SMART, BITING, Polygonum hydro-
piper.
   ART, HEALING, Ars Sanan'di, Medicina.
The  appropriate  application of the  precepts of
the best physicians, and of the results of experi-
ence to the treatment of disease.
   Art, Veterinary, Veterinary art.
   AR'TABE, aprajin.  Name of a Persian mea-
 sure  for dry substances, in use with  the ancients,
 equal at times, to 5 modii:  at  others, to 3;  and
 at others,  again, to 7.—Galen.
   ARTANTHE ELONGATA,  see Matico.
   AR'TELSIIEIM, MINERAL WATERS  OF.
 These German waters have been much  recom-
 mended  in  hysteria,  gout, palsy,  <fec  Their
 physical  or chemical properties have not been
 described.
   ARTEMIS'IA, Anactlrion.  Ord. Compositae.
 Called after a queen of the name, who first  em-
 ployed it; or from Aprepts,  'Diana;' because it
 was  formerly used  in  diseases of women, over
 whom she presided.  The Gauls called it Bricu-
 mum.
   Artemis'ia Abrot'anum,  Abrolanum, Abrol-
 onurn, Abrolanum Cathsum  seu Mas, Abrathan,
 Soulllernwood, Oldrnan, Slovenwood, (F.) Abro-
 '.onc, Aurone, Aurone  male,  Aurone  des jardins,
 Gardcrobe, Citronelle.  Supposed to be possessed
 of stimulant  properties.
   Oil of  Southernwood, O'leum Abrolani,  (F.)
 Huile dAurone, possesses the  aromatic  proper-
 ties of the plant.
   Artemis'ia  Absin'thium,  Absirlthium, A.  vul-
ga're, Apsin'thium, Barypi'cron, Common Worm-
wood, Worm it, (F.) Absinthe. Properties:—tonic
and anthelmintic  The Oil of Wormwood, O'leum
 Absin'thii, (F.) Huile d'Absinthe,  contains the
aromatic virtues of the plant.
   Artemisia Afra, a South African species, is
 tonic, antispasmodic and  anthelmintic;  and has
 been used in debility of the stomach, visceral ob-
 structions, jaundice and hypochondriasis.  It is
 taken in  infusion, decoction  and  tincture.   A
strong infusion is used  by the  Cape Colonists as
 a collyrium in  weakness of the eyes;  and the
pounded  leaves and stalks  are employed as dis-
 cutients in oedema and sugillations.
   Artemisia Alba, A. Santonica—a. Balsamita,
A. Pontica,
   Artemisia Bien'nis, Biennial Wormwood; in-
 digenous.
   Artemisia  Botrys,  Chenopodium ambrosi-
 oidiv.
   Artemis'ia Cam;'es'tris,  Field Southernwood,
(F.)  Aurone  des Champs.   This possesses the
same properties as A. Abrot'anum.
  Artemisia Canadensis, Canada Wormwood—
a. Caudata: indigenous.
  Artemisia  Chenopodium, Chenopodium bo-
trys.
  Artemisia Chinen'sis, A. In'dica, A.  Moxa.
From this the Chinese form  their moxas.
  Artemisia  Contra grows  in  Persia, Asia
Minor, and other parts of the East.
  Artemisia Dracun'culus, Tar'agon, (F.) Ar-
moise estragon,  Estragon.  Virtues: — the same
as the last.   The leaves are  much used to  season
food, especially in the form of Es'tragon vin'egar,
  Artemis'ia Glacia'lis, Silky Wormwood ;
  Artemisia  Indica, Artemisia Chinensis, A.
Santonica ;
  Artemisia Juda'ica, grows in Palestine, Ara-
bia, China, Cochin China, and Northern Africa.
  Artemisia Leptophylla, A. Pontica ;
  Artemisia Marit'ima, Absin'thium Mari'num
seu Marilimum, Sea Wormwood, Maritime South-
ernwood ;
  Artemisia Moxa, A. Chinensis;
and
  Artemis'ia Pon'tica, A.  Roma'na seu  Tenui-
fo'lia seu  Balsami'ta seu Leptophylla, Absinthi-
am Pon'ticum seu Roma'num, Roman Wormwood,
Lesser Wormwood, possess like virtues;—as well
as
  Artemisia Romana, A. Pontica;
  Artemisia Rubra, A. Santonica; and
  Artemis'ia Rupes'tris, Creeping Wormwood,
 Gen'ipi album, (F.) Ar-moise  blanc, Genipi blanc.
This variety has aromatic virtues, and is used in
intermittents, and in amenorrhcea.
  Artemis'ia  Santo.n'ica,  Santon'icum,   Canni
Herba,  Chamacedris, Chamacypar-is''sits, Absin'-
thium Santon'icum, Sementi'na, Xantoli'na, Sehe-
ba Ar'abum,  Sinn seu Cina Levan'tica, Tartilrian
South'ernwood,  (F.) Barbotine.  From  this and
other species of absinthium is obtained the so-
called Semen contra vermes seu Contra  seu Zedo-
a'ria seu  Santon'ici seu Cina, Hagiosperm'um,
Sanctum Semen, Wormseed,  which do not  consist
of seeds,  but of broken  peduncles.  Virtues: —
anthelmintic and stimulant.  Dose, gr. x. to ^j
in powder.  Its active principle is San'tonin, the
dose of which  is from 2 to 5 grains in the day,
for a child six or eight years of age.
  Artemisia Tenuifolia, A. Pontica.
  Artemis'ia  Vulga'ris,  Artemis'ia  rubra et
alba, Cin'gulum  Sancti Joarlnis, Mater Herba'-
rum, Berenisecum, Bubastecor'dinm,  Canapa'cia,
Mugioort,  (F.) Armoise  ordinaire, A.  Commune,
Herbe de  Saint Jean, Ceintitre ou Couronne de
 Saint Jean.  This, as well as some other  varie-
ties, possesses the general  tonic virtues  of the
Artemisiae.  Artemisia vulgaris has been  highly
extolled by  the Germans in cases  of epilepsy.
Dose of the  powder,  in the 24 hours, from  5Jss to

  ARTERE, Artery—a. Brachiale, Brachial ar-
tery—o-. Brachio-ccphalique, Innominata  arteria
—a.  Bronchiqite, Bronchial  artery—a. Ciliaire,
 Ciliary artery — a. Ctitorienne : see Clitoris—a.
 Cacale :  see Colic arteries — a. Collaterale dn
coude, Anastomoticus magnus ramus—o. Collate-
rale externe, Arteria  profunda humeri—a. Colla-
terale interne, Anastomoticus magnus ramus—a.
 Coronal re des levres, Labial artery—a. Corona ire
 Stomachique, Coronary artery—a. Crurale, Crural
artery—a. Deuxieme des thoraciqttes, Arteria tho-
racica externa  inferior—a. Epincnse, Meningeal
 artery, middle—a. Fimoro-j>oplitee,\%c\i\&\ic artery
 —a. Fessiere, Gluteal artery—a. Gastrt'que droite,
 petite,  Pyloric  artery — a. Gutturo-maxillaire,
 Maxillary artery, internal—a. Honteuse externe,
\ Pudic, external, artery—a. Honteuse interne, Pu- 
ARTERIA
94
ARTERITIS
die, internal, artery—a. Humirale profonde, Ar-
teria profunda humeri—a. IUaque primitive, Iliac
artery — a.  Innominie,  Innominata arteria — a.
Iriennc, Ciliary  artery—a. Ischio-penienne : see
Pudic, internal,  artery — a. Me.diane antirieure,
Spinal artery, anterior — a. Mediane postirieure
du rachis, Spinal artery, posterior — a. Meningee
moyenne, Meningeal artery, middle—a. Mening-
ienneposter ieure, Prevertebral artery—a.Mcnton-
niere, Mental foramen—a. Mcsocephalique, Basi-
lary artery — a.  Mesocolique :  see Colic artery —
a. Musculaire du bras, Arteria profunda  humeri
—a. Musculaire du bras, grande : see Collateral
arteries of the arm—«. Musculaire grande de la
cuisse, Arteria profunda femoris—a.  Opisthogas-
trique, Coeliac artery — a.  Orbitaire, Ophthalmic
artery — a.  de  lOvaire,  Spermatic  artery — a.
Pelvi-crurale, Crural  artery — a. Pelvi-crurale,
Iliac artery—a.  Pelvienne, Hypogastric artery—
a. Premiere des thoraciques, Arteria thoracica
externa  superior — a.  Prevertibrale, Preverte-
bral  artery — a. Radio-carpienne  transversale
palmaire, Radio-carpal  artery—a. Scrotale, Pu-
dic, external, artery — a.  Sous-claviere,  Subcla-
vian artery — a. Sous-pubio-fimorale, Obturator
artery—a. Sous-pubienne,  Pudic, internal, artery
—a. Sous-sternal, Mammary, internal—^a. Sphi-
no-epineuse, Meningeal artery, middle—a. Storno-
gastriqtte,  Coronary  artery — a. Sus-carpienne :
see  Sus-carpien — a.  Sus-maxillaire, Alveolar
artery — a.  Sus-maxillaire, Buccal artery — n.
Sus-mitatarsienne, Metatarsal  artery —  a.  Sus-
pubienne,   Epigastric  artery — a.   Testiculaire,
Spermatic artery—a  Thoracique humerale, Acro-
mial artery — a. Trachelocercical: see Cerebral
arteries — a.  Trochantirienne, Circumflex artery
of the thigh—a. Troisieme des thoraciques, Acro-
mial artery — a. Tympanique,  Auditory artery,
external—a. Uveale : see Ciliary artery—a. Vul-
 vaire, Pudic, external, artery.
   ARTERIA, Artery—a. Ad Cutem Abdominis,
 see Ad Cutem abdominis, (arteria)—a. Anonyma,
 Innominata artery—a.  Aspera, Trachea—a. Ce-
 rebralis, Carotid, internal—a. Cervicalis, Basilary
 artery — a. Coronaria dextra, Pyloric artery — a.
 Crassa,  Aorta — a.  Cruralis,  Crural artery — a.
 Externa Cubiti, Radial artery—a. Dorsalis  meta-
 carpi, Metacarpal artery—a. Durae matris  media
 maxima. Meningeal artery, middle—a. Encepha-
 lica,  Carotid,  internal — a.  Gastrica  superior,
 Coronary artery—a. Ileo-colica  : see Colic arteries
 —a. Iliaca interna, Hypogastric artery—a. Iliaca
 posterior, Hypogastric artery — a. Magna, Aorta
 —a. Magna pollicis, Princeps pollicis—a. Malleo-
 laris externa:  see Tibial arteries—a. Malleolaris
 interna: see Tibial arteries — a. Mammaria ex-
 terna, A. Thoracica externa inferior—a. Maxima,
 Aorta—a. Media anastomotica : see  Colic arteries
 —a. Meningaea media, Meningeal artery, middle
 — a. Muscularis femoris,  A. Profunda femoris —
 a.  Pharyngea suprema, Pterygoid artery—a. Pro-
 funda cerebri:  see Cerebral arteries—a. Pudenda
 communis,  Pudic,  internal,  artery — a. Pudica,
 Pudic,  internal,  artery — a.  Ramulus  ductus
 Pterygoidei, Pterygoid  artery — a. Spheno-spi-
 nosa, Meningeal artery, middle—a. Spinales, Spi-
 nal arteries—a. Spinalis, A. Profunda humeri —
 a. Sternalis, Mammary, internal—a. Supra-orbi-
  talis, Frontal  artery—a. Sylviana: see  Cerebral
  arteries—a. Thoracica axillaris vel alaris, Scapu-
  lar  artery,  inferior — a.  Thoracica  humeralis,
  Acromial  artery — a.  Transversalis  colli:  see
  Cerebral arteries—a. Transversajis humeri, Sca-
  pular artery, superior—a. Ulnaris, Cubital artery
  — a. Uterina  hypogastrics Uterine artery — a.
  Vasta posterior, A. Profunda femoris.
    ARTE'RIAC, Arteri'acus.  A  medicine pre-
  scribed in  diseases of the windpipe.  Also arte-
  rial.
  ARTE'RI^E ADIPO'S^I.   The arteries which
secrete the fat about the kidneys are sometimes
so called. They are ramifications of the capsular,
diaphragmatic, renal, and spermatic arteries.
  Arteri.e Apoplectics, Carotids—a. Capitales,
Carotids—a. Ciliares, Ciliary arteries—a. Corporis
callosi cerebri, Mesolobar arteries—a. Jugularos,
Carotids—a.  Lethargicse, Carotids—a. Mesolobi-
e:v, Mesolobar arteries — a.  Praeparantes,  Sper-
matic arteries—a. Somniferae, Carotids—a.  Sopo-
rales, Carotids — a. Soporariae, Carotids — a. Ve-
nosae, Pulmonary veins.
  ARTE'RIAL,  Arteri'acus,  Arteriosus.   Be-
longing  to arteries.
  Arterial  Blood,  (F.) Sang  artiriel.   Red
blood is  so called  because contained in  the  arte-
ries.  The pulmonary veins,  however, also con-
tain red blood: hence  the name arterial  veins,
(F.) Veines artirielles,  applied to them.
  Arterial Constitution, Plethora arteriosa.
  Arte'rial Duct, Cana'lis arterio'stts, Ductus
arteriosus seu Botallii, (F.) Canal  artiriel, C.
Pulmo-aortique, is the portion of the pulmonary
artery which terminates in the aorta in the foetus.
When this duct  is obliterated after  birth, it is
called Arte'rial Lig'ament, Ligamerlturn arterio'-
sum, (F.) Ligament artiriel.
   Arterial  System  includes all  the  arteries,
from their origin in  the heart to their termina-
tion in the organs.  See Vascular System.
   ARTERIALIZATION  OF   THE  BLOOD,
Haematosis.
   ARTERIARCTIE,  from aprnpta, 'artery,' and
arcto, '1 straiten.' Contraction  of an artery.
   ARTERIECTASIS, Aneurism.
   ARTERIECTOP'IA, from aprnpta,  'artery,'
and  eKTonos,  'out of  place.'  Dislocation  of  an
artery.
   ARTERIEURYSMA, Aneurism.
   ARTERIITIS, Arteritis.
   ARTERIODIALYSIS, see Aneurism.
   ARTERIOG'RAPHY,  Arteriogra'phia: from
 aprnpta, 'artery,' and ypatbt], 'a description.'  A
 description of the arteries.
   ARTERIOLA.  A small  artery.
   ARTERIOL'OGY, Arteriolog"ia; from  aprn-
 pta, 'artery,' and Xoyos, 'a discourse.'   A treatise
 on the arteries.
   ARTERIO-PHLEBOTOMY, see Bloodletting.
   ARTE'RIO-PITUTTOUS.   An   epithet ap-
 plied to vessels which  creep along the interior of
 the nostrils.—Ruysch.
   ARTERIORRHEXIS, see Aneurism.
   ARTERIOSTTAS,  Artcrios'ity, from arteria,
 'an artery.'   A condition of the blood in  which
 it preserves in the veins the arterial  character.—
 The opposite to Venositas.
   Arteriositas  Sanguinis, Praedominium san-
 guinis arteriosi.
   ARTERIOSTEIE, from apr^ia,  'artery,'and
 ootcov,  'a bone.'  Ossification of  an artery.—
 Piorry.
   ARTERIOSTENO'SIS, from aprppta, 'artery,'
 and arevos,  'contracted.'   Contraction  or  oblite-
 ration of an artery.
    ARTERIOT'OMY, Arteriotom'ia, from aprnpta,
  'an artery,' and repvur, 'I  cut.'  This word  has
  been used  for the dissection  of arteries.  Most
  commonly, however, it means  a surgical  opera-
  tion, which  consists  in opening an  artery, to
  draw blood from it.   Arteriotomy is chiefly used
  in inflammatory affections of the head, when the
  blood is  generally obtained from  the temporal
  artery.  See Bloodletting.
    ARTERFTIS, Arteriltis, Infiamma'tio Arte-
  ria'rum, (F.) Arterite, Inflammation des arteres;
  from aprnpta, 'an artery,' and itis, a termination
  denoting inflammation.  Inflammation of an ar- 
ARTERY
9 5
ARTERY
 tcry.    Inflammation of  the  inner  coat of  an
 artery  is  termed  Endo-arterltis,  or  Endonar-
 terltis;  of the  outer, Exo-arterltis  or Exar-
 tcri'tis.
   AR'TERY,  Artc'ria,  (F.)  Artere,  from aVp,
  air,  and  rnpctv, 'to preserve,' eptasi, 'receptacle
 of air,' because the ancients believed that it con-
 tained air.   They, at first, gave the name Artery
 to the trachea, aprnpta rpaxeta, because  it is filled
 with  air;  and  afterwards  they  used  the same
 term  for the arteries, properly so called, probably
 because they commonly found  them empty in the
 dead  body.  We  find, also, tp\e(5es  to  designate
 the arteries, called by the Latins  Vena mican'tes
 pnlsaliles.  Arteries, with  the moderns, signify
 the order of vessels, which arise from  the two
 ventricles of the  heart, and have valves only at
 their  origin.   They  are  cylindrical,  firm, and
 elastic canals;  of a yellowish white colour; little
 dilatable; easily lacerable ; and formed,  1. Of an
 external, laminated, or areolar membrane, Til-
 nica  externa seu  advent it" ia seu cellula'ris, Va-
 gina  cellula'ris, of a  dense and close character.
 2. Of a middle coat, Til nica me'dia  seu elas'-
 tica, composed of fibres, which do not, however,
 contract on the application of the galvanic stimu-
 lus, formed  chiefly of elastic tissue, and  also  of
 smooth muscular fibres, and eminently  elastic;
 and,  3. Of an  inner coat,   Tu'nica in'tima  seu
 glabra, which is thin, diaphanous, reddish, and
 polished.
   Tbe use  of the arteries is to  carry  the blood
 from  the heart  to the various parts of the  system.
 It will be obvious, however, that  they cannot all
 convey arterial blood.   The pulmonary  artery,
 for  example,'is destined  to convey the venous
 blood  to  the lungs,  there to be  converted  into
 arterial;  whilst  the pulmonary  veins  convey
 arterial blood back to the heart.

 table of the principal arteries op the body.

   All  the arteries take  their rise from the Pul-
 monary Artery, or  the  Aorta; and  the  names
 generally indicate the parts to which  they are
 distributed.

             I. Arteria  Pulmonalis.

   The Pulmonary  Artery arises from  the right
 ventricle,  and soon divides  into a right and left
 branch, one of which is distributed to each lung.

               II.  Arteria Aorta.

   The Aorta arises from the left ventricle.  It is
 the  common trunk of the  arteries of the body,
 and may be divided into five portions.

 a. Arteries furnisheel by the Aorta at its origin.

     1. A. Cardiaca or coronaria anterior.
     2. A. Cardiaca or coronaria posterior.

  b.  Arteries furnished by the Aorta at its arch.

   The arch  of the Aorta gives off, to the left, two
considerable trunks—the Arteria  carotidea pri-
mitira, and A.  subclavia;  and, to  the right, a
single  trunk, which is  larger—the A. innominata,
or Brachio-cephalica, which  divides into the pri-
mitive  carotid and subclavian.
A. Arteri
  TIDEA Pill
\ O.VRO-C

IMITIVV.t
Divides  into A. Carotidea externa,
  and A. C.irotidea interna.
a.  A. Ca-
rotidea
externa.
b'urnislies,  1. A.  T/ii/rnitlra superior.
  2. A. lint/iialis, which gives off the A. dor-
      salis  linguae and A. sublingualis.
  3. A. facialis  vel  A. Jlaxillaris externa,
      which furnishes  the A. palatina  infe-
      rior,  the A. submentalis,  and A. coro-
      naria superior and inferior.
  i. A. occipitalis,  which gives off the A.
      mastoidca  posterior.
  5. A. auricula ris posterior, which gives off
      A. stvlo-inastoidea.
  6. A. pharyngca inferior.
Tempo-
ralis.
  2. A
Manila
ris in-
terna.
b. A. Ca-
rotidea
interna.
xery ano. ini

 J Furnishei
  j  laris an
  The external carotid ultimately divides into the tem-
poral artery and internal maxillary.

              :-"-es  A. transversalis faciei, A. auricu*
                 nterior, and A. temporalis media.
          Furnishes  13 branches, viz.—A.  meningea
           media, A. dentaris  inferior, A. temporalis
           profunda posterior, A. masseterina,  A.
           pteryijoidea, A. buccal is.  A.  temporalis pro-
           funda anterior, A. titceolaris,  A. suborbi-
           taris, A. vidiana,  A. pterygopatatina  or
           pluxrynyea  superior, A.  palatina superior,
           and A. splieuojnilatiiiu.
          Furnishes, 1.  A. upldkalmica, which  gives
           off  A. lacrymalis,  A. centralis retinae,  A.
           supraorbitaria vel  superciliaris. A. ciliares
           posteriores, A.  ciliares longae, A. muscu-
           laris  superior  et inferior,  A. ethmoidalis
           posterior et anterior, A. palpebralis supe-
           rior  et inferior, A. nasalis,  and A. fronta-
           lis.   2 A.  com in u,a cans Willesii.   3.  A.
           choroidea.  4. A. ccrebrulis anterior.   5. A.
        .   cerebral is media.
          Furnishes, 1. A. veriebralis, which gives off
           A. spinalis anterior et  posterior, A. cere-
           bellosa inferior, and forms—by uniting  it-
           self with that of the opposite side—the A.
           basilaris, divided into  A. cerebellosa su-
           perior and A.  cerebralis posterior.   2. A
           thyroidea inferior,  which gives off A. cer-
           vicalis ascendens.   3. A. marnmaria in-
           terna, which  gives  off the  A. tnediastina
           anterior  and A. diaphragmatica  superior.
           4. ^1. inkrcostalis superior.   5. A. cervica-
           lis transversa.   6. A. scapular-is  superior.
           7. A.  cervicalis posterior  vel profunda.
           Farther on, the subclavian artery  conti-
           tinues its progress under the name A. axil-
           laris.
          Furnishes,  1. A. acromialis.   2. A.  thoracica
           superior.  3. A. thoracica inferior vel  lonya
           vel  inammaria  externa.  4.  A. scapula'ris
           inferior vel  communis.  5.  A. circumjlera
           posterior.  6. A. circumftexa  anterior.   Far-
           ther on, the axillary artery continues un-
           der the name A. brachialis.
          Furnishes A.  humeralis profunda vel collate-
           rolls  externa.   2. A.  collaleralis interna.
           It afterwards divides into the radial and
           cubital, arteries.
         Gives  off A. recurrens radialis, A. dorsalis
           carpi, A. dorsalis  metacarpi, A. dorsalis
           pollicis,  and terminates  in forming the
           Arcus pal maris profundus.
        | Gives  off A. recurrens cubitalis anterior and
           posterior: A. interossca anterior  and pos-
           terior, which latter  furnishes A. recurrens
           radialis posterior.  It terminates inform-
           ing  the  superficial  palmar arch, which
           gives off A. collaterals digitorum.
  B. Ar
 TEMA
Subcla-
  via.
L
A. Axil-
  laris,
A. Bra-
 chialis.
I. A. Ra-
 dialis,
2. A. Cu-
 bitalis.
 c. Arteries given off by the Aorta in the Thorax.

         f   1. A. Bronchica. dextra et sinistra.
  m,*„*      2. A. atsophagcra (to the number of  four,

 artaL \       five' °r Six)-
        13. A. mediastinal posterior-es.
         I   4. -1.  intercostales  inferiores  vel  aorticai
         I       (to the number of eight, nine, or ten).


d. Arteries furnished by the Aorta in the Abdomen.

,    ?  3 '  L The A. diaphragmatica vel phrenica,
               dextra et sinistra.
         Which  divides  into three branches, 1. A. co-
            ronaria ventriculi.  2.  A. Hepatica, which
  2. A   J   gives off  A.  pylorica, A. gastro-epiploieu
Caliaca. ]   dextra, and A. cystica; and, lastly, the A.
            splenica,  which gives off A. gastro-epiplo-
            ica sinistra and Vasa brevia.
         Which gives off at its concavity the A. cn-
            licit  dextra superior, media  et inferior, and
            at its convex part  from 15 to  20 Rami in-
            tcstinales.
  3. A
  Mesen-
  terica
superior.
  4. .1
 Mi sen-
  terica
inferior.
  5. The A. Capsulares media (to the number of two on
      each side).
  6. A. Benales vel Emulgentes.
  7. .1. Sprrmaticer.
  8. A. Lumbares (to the number of four and five on
      each side).
Which gives  off  A. colica superior media,
  and inferior, and divides into  A. haemor-
  rhoidales superiores. 
ARTETISCUS               9G             ARTIIROLOGY
O. Arteries resulting from  the  Bifurcation of the
                     Aorta.
 The Aorta,  a  little above its Bifurcation,  gives off
the  A. sacra media, and divides into A. iliaca primi-
tive.
A. Iliaca
 primi-
  tiva.
a. A. Il-
 iaca in-
 terna.
b.  A. II
 iaca ex-
 terna.
A. Cru-
  ralis.
A. Pop-
 litaea.
2. A. Ti-
 bialis
postica
        Divides into A. Iliaca interna and A. Iliaca
          externa.
        Furnishes,  1. A. ilio-lumbaris.  2. A. sacra
          lateralis.  3.  A glutea vel iliaca posterior.
          4.  A.  umbilicalis.   5. A. vesicalis.  6.  A.
          obiuratoria.   7. A. hamorrhoidea media.
          8.  A.  uterina.  9. A.  vaginalis.  10.  A.
          ischiatica. 11.  A. pudenda interna, which
          gives off  the A. hemorrhoidal inferiores.
          A. of  the septum,  A.  transversa perinei,
          A. corporis cavernosi, and A. dorsalis penis.
        ' Furnishes,  1. A.  epigastrica, 2. A. iliaca an-
          terior vel circumflexa ilii, and is continued
          afterwards under the name of Crural Ar-
          tery.
        Furnishes,  1. A.  subcutanea abdominalis.  2.
          A. pudenda superfieiolis  and prof unda.  3.
          A. muscularis  superficialis.  4. A. muscu-
          laris profunda, which gives off the A. cir-
          cumflexa externa and  interna,  and the
          three Perforantes, distinguished into  su-
          perior, middle, and inferior.  Farther on,
          the crural artery continues under the name
          A. Poplitaa.
        'Furnishes,  1. A. Articulares superior-es,  in-
          terna,  media,  et externa.  2. A. Gemella.
          3. A. Articulares inferiores,  interna et ex-
          terna.  4. A  tibialis antica, which, at the
          foot, takes the name A. dorsalis tarsi, and
          gives off the tarsal and metatarsal arte-
          ries.  In the leg, the  popliteal artery di-
          vides  into  the peroneal and  posterior
          tibial.
1. A. Pe- ("Divides into A. peronaa antica and A. peroncea
 ronaa.  }  postica.
        (Divides  into  A. plantaris  interna and A.
          planfaris externa.  The latter, by anasto-
           mosing  with  the A. dorsalis tarsi, forms
           the  plantar arch, whence arise Rami su-
          periores vel  perforantes postici, R. Inferi-
           ores postici et antici, which give off Rami
           perforantes antici.
   Artery,  Angular,  Facial artery—a.  Articu-
lar,  Circumflex artery—a. Brachiocephalic, Inno-
minata arteria—a.  Central of the retina,  Central
artery of  the retina—a. Central of Zinn,  Central
artery of the  retina — a. Cephalic,  Carotid — a.
Cerebral posterior, Vertebral—a. Cervico-scapu-
lar,  see Cervical arteries—a. Coronary of the lips,
Labial artery—a. Crotaphite, Temporal artery—
a. Fibular, Peroneal artery — a. Gastric inferior,
Gastro-epiploic  artery—a.  Gastro-hepatic,  see
Gastro-epiploic  artery—a. Genital, Pudic (inter-
nal) artery—a. Guttural inferior, Thyroideal A.
inferior—a. Guttural  superior,  Thyroideal A. su-
perior—a.  Humeral,  Brachial  artery—a. Iliac
posterior,   Gluteal artery—-a.  Iliaco-muscular,
Ileo-lumbar artery—a. Labial, Facial artery—a.
Laryngeal  superior, Thyroideal artery, superior
—a. Maxillary internal, Facial  artery—a. Median
of the saerum, Sacral artery, anterior—a. Nasal,
lateral, large, Spheno-palatine artery—a. Palato-
labial,  Facial artery — a.  Pericephalic,  Carotid
 (external) — a.  Pharyngeal, superior, Pterygo-
 palatine  artery—a. Phrenic,  Diaphragmatic ar-
 tery—a. Posterior, of the brain, see Cerebral ar-
 teries—a. External scapular, Acromial artery—
 a. Spinal, Meningeal artery, middle—a. Subcla-
 vian right,  Innominata arteria—-a.  Subscapular,
 Scapular artery,  inferior—a.  Superficial of the
 abdomen, Ad cutem  abdominis (arteria)—a. Su-
 pramaxillary, Alveolar artery — a.  Suprarenal,
 Capsular artery—a. Thoracic, internal, Mammary
 internal—a. Urethro-bulbar, Transverse  perineal
 artery — a.  Vesico-prostatic, Vesical  artery — a.
 Vidian, Pterygoid artery.
   ARTETIS'CUS, from artus, 'a limb.' One who
 has lost a limb.
   ARTEURYSMA, Aneurism.
   ARTHANI'TA, from apros,  'bread;' the Cyc'-
lamcn  or Sowbread.  It was formerly made into
ointment,  Unguen'tum  Arthani'ta,  with  many
other substances, and was employed as a purga-
tive, being rubbed  on the abdomen.
  Arthanita Cyclamen, Cyclamen.
  ARTHETICA, Teucrium chamaepitys.
  ARTHRAGRA,  Gout—a. Anomala,  Gout,  an-
omalous—a. Genuina, Gout, regular—a. Legiti-
ma, Gout, regular—a. Normalis, Gout,  regular—
a. Vera, Gout, regular.
  ARTHRALGIA, Arthrodynia, Gout. See Lead
rheumatism.
  ARTHRELCO'SIS, from apSpov, 'a joint,' and
'eXKatris, 'ulceration.'  Ulceration of a joint.
  ARTHREMBOLE'SIS,  same etymon as  the
next,  The reduction of a fracture or luxation.
  ARTHREM'BOLUS, from  apSpov,  'a  joint,'
ev, 'in,' and (iaXXw, 'I cast.'  An ancient instru-
ment used in the reduction of dislocations.
  ARTHRETICA, Teucrium chamaepitys.
  ARTHRIT'IC, Arthrilicus, Gouty, from ap$pov,
'a joint.'  (F.) Arthritique, Goutteux.  That which
relates to gout or arthritis, as arthritic symptoms,
&c   See Podagric
  ARTHRITICUS VERUS, Gout.
  ARTHRITIF'UGUM, from  arthritis, 'gout,'
and fiugare, 'to drive  away.'   A  remedy that
drives away gout.  Heyden  terms cold  water,
internally, the arthritif ugum magnum.
  ARTHRITIS, Gout, Arthrophlogosis, Arthro-
sia—a. Aberrans,  Gout (wandering)—a. Acuta,
Gout  (regular)—a.  Arthrodynia, Rheumatism,
chronic—a. Asthenica,  Gout (atonic)—a. Atonic,
Gout  (atonic)—a.  Diaphragmatica,  Angina  Pec-
toris—a. Erratica,  Gout (wandering)—a. Hydrar-
thros, Hydrarthrus—a.  inflammatoria, Gout  (re-
gular) —a. Juvenilis, see Rheumatism, acute—a.
Maxillaris,  Siagonagra—a. Nodosa, Gout (with
nodosities)—a. Planetica, Gout (wandering)—a.
Podagra, Gout—a. Rheumatica, see  Rheumatism,
acute—a.  Rheumatismus,  Rheumatism, acute—
a. Retrograda, Gout (retrograde).
   ARTHROC'ACE,  from  apSpov, 'a joint,'  and
kokos, 'bad.'  Disease of the joints;  and  espe-
cially caries of the articular  surfaces.   Spina
ventosa.
   Arthrocace Coxarum,  Coxarum morbus.
   ARTHROCACOLOG"IA, from arthrocacia—
according to Rust, a  chronic disease of the joints;
and Xoyos, 'a description.'   A treatise on chronic
 diseases of the joints.
   ARTHROCARCINO'MA, from apSpov, 'a
 'joint,'  and KapKtvurpa, 'cancer.'  Cancer of the
 joints.
   ARTHROCHONDRi'TIS,from apSpov, 'a
 joint,' xov&P0s> <a cartilage,' and itis, denoting
 inflammation.  Inflammation  of the cartilages
 and  joints.
   ARTHRO'DIA, from apSpov, 'a joint'   Adar-
 ticula'tio, (F.) Enfoncure,  Enfonceure.  A move-
 able joint, formed by the head of a bone  applied
 to the surface of a shallow socket,  so that it can
 execute movements  in  every direction.  Arthro'-
 dium is ' a small joint;' diminutive of Arthrodia.
   ARTHRODYNTA, Arthronalgia, Arthralgia,
 from apSpov, 'a joint,' and oSvvn, 'pain.'   Articu-
 lar pain.   Pain in the  joints.   See Rheumatism,
 chronic
   Arthrodynia Podagrica, Gout.
   ARTHROGRAPHY,   Arthrograph'ia,   from
 apSpov,  'a joint,' and  ypatpor,  'I write.'  A de-
 scription of the joints.
    ARTHROGRYPO'SIS,  from apSpov, 'a joint,'
 and ypujroo), 'I  incurvate.'   Malposition of the
 joints, especially of the hands and feet.
    ARTHROHYDRINE,  Synovia.
    ARTHROL'OGY, Arthrolog"ia, from  apSpov,
  'a joint,' and  Xoyos, 'a description.'  A  descrip-
  tion of the joints.   The anatomy of the joints. 
ARTIIROMBOLE           97              ARTIFICIAL
  ARTIIROMBOLE,  from  apSpov, and PaXXur, I
'I cast.'  Coaptation, reduction.   Reduction of
a luxated or fractured bone.
  ARTIIROMENINGITIS.  Meningarthrocace.
  ARTHRON, 'a joint.'  The ancients used the
word Arthron for the  articulation  of bones with
motion, in opposition  to Symphysis, or  articula-
tion  without motion.
  ARTIIROXALGIA, Arthrodynia.
  ARTURON'CUS, Arthrophy'ma, from apSpov,
'a joint,' and  oyKos,  'a swelling.'   Tumefaction
of a joint.
  ARTHRONEMPYESIS, Arthropyosis.
  ARTIIROP'ATIIY, Arthropathia, from apSpov,
'a joint,' and irucus, 'affection.'  A disease of the
joints.
  ARTHROPIILOGO'SIS, from apSpov, 'a joint,'
and   ipXeyor,  ' I  burn  :'  Arthritis, Ostarthro'sis.
Inflammation of the joints.
  ARTHROPIILOGOSIS SYNOVIALIS, Syno-
vitis.
   ARTHROPIIYMA   ADENOCHONDRIUM,
see Adenochondrius.
   ARTHROPYO'SIS,  Arthronempye'sis,  from
ap&por.  'a joint,' and svov,  'pus.'  Suppuration
or abscess of the joints.
   ARTHRO-RHEUMATISMUS,   Rheumatism
(acute).
   ARTHRO'SIA,  from  apSpour,   'I  articulate.'
Arthritis, (of some).   Inflammation, mostly con-
fined to the joints; severely  painful; occasionally
extending to the surrounding muscles.  A genus
of diseases in  the Nosology of Good, including
Rheumatism, Gout, Articular inflammation, Joint-
ache, &o.
   Arthrosia  Acuta, Rheumatism,  acute — a.
Chronica, Rheumatism, chronic—a, Lumborum,
Lumbago—a.  Podagra, Gout—a.  Podagra com-
plicata, Gout  (retrograde)—a.  Podagra larvata,
Gout (atonic)—a.  Podagra  regularis,  Gout (re-
gular).
   ARTHROSIS, Articulation.
   ARTHROSPON'GUS, from  apSpov, 'a joint,'
and a-oyyns, 'a  sponge.'  A white,  fungous tu-
mour of the  joints.
   ARTHROTRAU'MA,  from  apSpov, 'a joint,'
and rnuvpa, 'a wound.'  A wound  of a joint.
   AR'TIA.  According to some, this  word is sy-
nonymous with  aprnpta; others use it synony-
mously with Trachea.
   ART1CHA1T, Cynara scolymus.
   ARTICHOKE, Cynara scolymus.
   ARTICLE,  Articulation — a. of  Death,  see
 Psychorngcs.
   ARTICOCALUS, Cynara scolymus.
   ARTICULAR,  Articula'ris, (F.)  Articulaire,
from etrtus, 'a joint;' articulus, 'a small joint.'
That which  relates to the  articulations—as  the
articular- capsules,  &c.
   Articular Arteries of the Arm, Circumflex
arteries of the arm.
   Artic'ular Ar'teries of the Knee arise
from the popliteal artery, and surround the tibio-
femoral articulation.   Although of a small size,
they are important, as they furnish blood  to  the
lower extremity  after the operation for popliteal
aneurism.  They are  distinguished into superior
and  inferior.   The  superior  articular arteries,
popliteal articular arteries,  are commonly three
in number; one of which is  internal, another ex-
ternal,  and another middle, the az'ygous artic'-
ular.   The first, Ramus anastomot'iens magnus,
anastomoses  by one branch with the external cir-
cumflex, and  by another with the  external supe-
rior  articular.  The second anastomoses with  the
external  circumflex,  the superior  internal arti-
cular, and the inferior  external articular;  and
the third is distributed within the joint. The in-
ferior articular- arteries are  two in number : an I
internal and external.  The former anastomoses
with the internal  superior articular and the ex-
ternal inferior articular.  The latter anastomoses
with the recurrent branch of the anterior tibial,
and  the  external  superior  articular.   To  each
articular artery there is an articular nerve.
  Artic'ular  Facettes'  are  the  contiguous
surfaces, by means of which  the bones are  arti-
culated.
  Articular Processes, see Vertebra?.
  Artic'ular  Veins  of  the  knee  follow the
same course as the arteries.
  ARTICULATED, Articula'tns, (F.) Articuli,
same etymon as Articulation. Provided with, or
united by, articulations; as an 'articulated skele-
ton.'   See  Skeleton, articulated; and Voice, ar-
ticulated.
  ARTICULATIO, Articulation—a. Artificialis,
Pseudarthrosis—a, Notha, Pseudarthrosis.
  ARTICULATION,  Joint, Articula'tio,  Ar-
throsis, Assarthro'sis, Artic'ulus, Junctu'ra,  Cola,
Conjuuc'tio,  Xodus,   Commissu'ra,   Compa'ges,
Syntax'is, Har'mus,  Vertic'ula, Vertic'u/ns,  Ver-
tic'uium, (F.) Articulation, Article.   By some of
the  French surgeons and  anatomists, article is
restricted more  particularly to a movable articu-
lation.  Same etymon.  The union of bones  with
each other, as well as the kind of union.

           table  of articulations.

  Articulations are generally divided into Diar-
throses  or  movable articulations,  and Synar-
throses or immovable.

            f 1. Amphiarthrosis.
              2. Diarthrosis, orbicu-f Enarthrosis.
Diarthroses.  i     lar vague.        (Arthrodin.
              3. Alternative  or  Ginglymus, which
            I     admits of varieties.
            |  1. Puture.
Synarthroses J  2- Il!irmony-
zynarmroses. i  3 Gnmphosii(
            L 4. Schindylesis.
  The articulations  are  subject to  a number of
diseases, which are generally somewhat severe.
These may bo physical, as wounds, sprains, luxa-
tions, <fcc.: or they may be organic, as ankylosis,
extraneous  bodies, caries, rheumatism, gout, hy-
drarthroses, arthropyosis, Ae.
  Articulation means also  the combination of
letters which constitute words.   See Voice.
  Articulation, False, Pseudarthro'sis, Artic'-
ulus fahus, (F.)  A. fausse, A. accidentel/e,  A.
contre nature,  A. arurrmale.  A false joint, formed
between fragments of  bone,  that have remained
ununited ;  or  between a luxated bone and the
surrounding parts.
  A R TIC ULA  TIOX  SURXUMERAIRE,
Pseudarthrosis—a. en  Cltaruiere, Ginglymus—a.
de la Ifanche. Coxo-femoral articulation.
  ARTICULI DIGITORUM MANUS. Phalan-
ges of the fingers—a. Digitorum pedis, Phalanges
of the toes.
  ARTICULO  MORTIS, see  Psychorages —a.
Spinalis, Semispinalis colli.
  ARTICULUS  NOVUS,   Pseudarthrosis  —a.
Pra>ternaturalis,  Pseudarthrosis — a.  Spurius,
Pseudarthrosis.
  ARTIFICIAL, Artificia'lis,  (F.)  Artificicl,
from ars,  artis, 'art,' and facere,  'to  make.'
That which is formed by art.
  Artificial  Eyes are usually made of enamel,
and  repres-ent a sort of hollow hemisphere, which
is applied beneath the  eyelids, when the eye is
lost.
  Artificial  Teeth are made  of ivory, porce-
lain, &c.
  Piices  d'Anatomie  Artificielles,  are prepara-
.tions of anatomy, modelled  in wax, plaster, pa-
per,  &c. 
ARTISCOCCUS  L.EVIS        98
ASARUM
  ARTTSCOCCUS  LJEVIS, Cynara scolymus.
  AIMTS'CUS,  from apros,  'bread.'  See Tro-
chiscus.  A troch  of the shape  of a  small loaf.
Also, and especially, a troch made of  vipers.
  ARTOCARPUS.   The Bread-fruit  Tree, (F.)
J'li/uier, from apros,  'bread,'  and Kaprros, 'fruit.'
A  Polynesian  tree, so  called because the  fruit,
wbicb is milky, and juicy, supplies the place  of
bread to the inhabitants.  It grows to the height
of 40 feet.
  Artocarpus Integrifolia, Caoutchouc.
  ARTOCREAS, from  apros, 'bread,' and  Kpeas,
'flesh.'  A kind of  nourishing food made of  va-
rious aliments boiled together.—Galen.
  ARTOG'ALA, from apros,  'bread,' and  yaXa,
' milk.'  An alimentary  preparatiou of bread and
milk.   A poultice.
  ARTOM'ELI. from  apros, 'bread,' and pcXt,
'honey.'   A cataplasm  of  bread and honey.—
Galen.
  ARTUS, Membrum.
  ARTYMA, Aroma, Condiment,
  ARUM,  A. maculatum, and A. triphyllum—a.
Americanum betae foliis, Dracontium foetidum.
  Arum  Dracon'tium,  Arisa'ma  dracon'tium,
Green  Dragon; indigenous, has  probably  the
same medical properties as A. triphyllum.
  Arum  Dracun'culus, A.  polyphyllnm, Dra-
cnn'culiis  polyphyllus,   Colubrlna  Dracon'tia,
Erva  de Sancta Maria,  Gig'arus serpenta'ria,
Serpenta'ria Gallo'rum.  Family, Aracese.   Sex.
Syst. Monoecia Polyandria. The roots and leaves
are very acrimonious.   The plant resembles the
.,4. macula'turn in its properties.
  Arum  Esculen'tum, Cala'dium  escnlen'tum,
Turo, Kalo.  The foliage and roots possess acrid
qualities, which  are dissipated by baking or boil-
ing; in which  form it  is  used  as food by the
people of Madeira., the  Polynesians,  &c
  Arum Macula'tum, Avon, Arum (of the older
writers), A. vulgilre, Cuckow Pint, (Prov.) Cocky-
baby, Barba Aaro'nis, Serpenta'ria minor, Zin'-
giber  German'icum,  Sacerdo'tis  penis,   Wake
Robin, Priest's pintle, (F.) Gouet, Pied de  Yean,
Pied de lievre, Picotin, Giron, Amidonniere.  The
fresh root  is stimulant  internally.  Dose, Qj. of
the  dried  root.  Externally, it is  very  acrid.
From the root of this Arum a starch is prepared,
which  is called Portland Island Sago, Gersa  ser-
penta'ria,   Cerus'sa  serpenta'ria,  Fec'ula  ari
macula'ti.
   Arum, Three-Leaved, Arum triphyllum.
  Arum  Triphyl'lum,  Arisa'ma   ntrornbens,
 Three-leaved arum, (F.) Pied de Venn triphyll.e,
Indian  Turnip, Dragon  Root,  Dragem  Turnip,
 Pepper Turnip.  This  plant grows all over the
 United States, and is received into the Pharma-
copoeia under the  title Arum.   The recent root,
or  Cormus—Arum, (Ph. U. S.)—is very acrimo-
nious,  and has  been employed in asthma, croup,
and hooping-cough.  Boiled  in  lard, it has been
used in tinea capitis, and in milk in consumption.
   Arum Virginicum,  Peltandra  Virginica—-a.
 Yulgare, A. maculatum—a. Water, Calla  palus-
 tris.
   ARUMARI, Caramata.
   ARUNDO  BAMBOS,  Bamboo —a,  Brachii
 major, Ulna — a. Brachii minor, Radius — a. In-
 diea.  Sagittarium  alexipharmacura — a.  Major,
 Tibia — a. Minor,  Fibula — a. Saccharifera,  see
 Saecharum.
   ARVA.  Ava.
   ARVUM. Vulva—a.  Naturae, Uterus.
   ARY-ARYTENOID.EUS,  Arytenoidseus —a.
 Epiglotticus, Arytaeno-epiglotticus.
   ARYT-E'NA, apvratva, ' a ladle.'   Hence,
   A RYT^I'NO-EPIGLOTTIC US, Aryta'no-
 epiglottida'us,  Ary-epiglolticus.  That which be-
 longs to the arytenoid  cartilages and epiglottis.
Winslow gives this name to small, fleshy fasci-
culi, which are attached, at one extremity, to the
arytenoid cartilages, and, by the other, to the free
edge of the epiglottis.  These fibres do  not al-
ways exist.  They  form part  of the arytenoid
muscle of modern anatomists.
  ARYT'ENOlD, ArytanoVdes, Arytenoula'its,
from apvratva,' a ladle,' and eiios,' shape'  Ladle-
shaped.
  Arytenoid Car'tilages, Cartilag"ines aryte-
noi'des seu guttura'les seu gutturi'na seu gutturi-
formes seu triq'uetra, Guttur'riia, are two carti-
lages of the larynx, situate posteriorly above the
cricoid, which, by approximation, diminish the
aperture of the glottis.   Their upper extremities
or cornua are turned towards each other, and are
now and then found loose, in the form of appen-
dices, which are considered, by some, as distinct
cartilages, and termed cuneiform or tuberculated
Cartilages, Cornic'ttla Laryn'gis.
  Arytenoid Glands, Gland'ula Arytenoid a'a,
are small, glandular, whitish  bodies, situate an-
terior to the A. cartilages.  They pour out a mu-
cous fluid to lubricate the larynx.
  ARYTENOIDiE'US,  (F.)  Aryteno'iclien.  A
small muscle, which passes from one arytenoid
cartilage  to  the  other, by its contraction brings
them together, and diminishes the aperture of
the glottis.  Winslow divided the  muscle into
three portions;—the Arytenoida'us transver'sus,
or Ary-arytenoida'us, and two Arytenoida'i ob-
li'qui.
  ARYTHM,  Aryth'mia, from  a, privative, and
pvBpos,  'rhythm,' 'measure.' Irregularity. This
word is applied chiefly to the pulse.
  ASA, Asafcetida.  See Assa — a. Dulcis, Ben-
jamin.
  ASAF(ETl'T>A,.Assafice'tida (Ph. U. S.), Assa-
fiet'ida,  Stercus  diab'oli,  Cibus  Deo'rum, Asa,
Devils dung, Food of the Gods.  A gum-resin— .
the  concrete juice  of Ferula  Assafioe'tida,  Xar-
thex Assaficutida.   Order, Umbelliferae.  It is in
small masses of  a whitish,  reddish, and violet
hue, adhering together.   Taste bitter and  suba-
crid : smell insupportably alliaceous.  The Asi-
atics use it regularly as a condiment.
  Its medical  properties are  antispasmodic, sti-
mulant, and anthelmintic.  Dose, gr. v to xx, in
pill.
  ASAGR^A OFFICINALIS,  see Veratrina.
  AS'APES, Ascp'ton, properly,  not putrid, from
a, privative, and aanur, or ar)iru>, 'I corrupt.'  A
term applied  by  Hippocrates  to  the  sputa, or to
other matters evacuated, which do not give signs
of coction.
  ASAPH'ATUM, from a, privative, and oatpns,
'clear.'  This  term  has been  applied to  collec-
tions in the sebaceous follicles of the skin, which
may be pressed out like little worms, with a black
head.   See Acne.
  ASAPHI'A, from  a, privative, and ca^t,
'clear.'   Dyspho'nia immodula'ta palatina, I'a-
rapho'nia guttura'Us  seu palatina.  Defective
articulation, dependent  upon diseased palate.—
Hippocrates, Vogel.
   ASARABACCA,  Asarum—a.  Broad-leaved,
Asarum Canadense.
   ASAR'CON, from a, priv., and <sap\,  'flesh.'
Devoid of flesh.   Aristotle uses the term for the
head when it is  but little fleshy, compared with
the chest and abdomen.
   AS A RET, Asarum — a. du  Canada,  Asarum
Canadense.
   ASARI'TES,  from aaapov,  'the asarum.'  A
diuretic wine, of  which asarum was an ingredient,
—Dioscorides.
   AS'ARUM, from a, privative, and aatpeiv, 'to
 adorn :' because not admitted  into the ancient
 coronal wreaths [?],  As'arum  Europa'um seu 
ASBESTOS  SCALL         9
9           ASCLEPIAS  ALBA
nffrcina'le,  Nardus  Monta'na seu  Rust'ica, Az'- ||
arum, (V.) Asaret ou Cabaret,  Azaritm Cabaret. I
Oreille d'homme, Oreillctte, Girard-Roussin, Xard !
Sauvage.    Order,   Aristolochiaceae,  Sex.  Syst. j
Dodecandria Monogynia.   The  plant, used  in
medicine, is the As'arum Europa'urn, Asarabac'-
i-a, and  of this  the leaves.   They are emetic,
cathartic, and  errhine, but  are lyirdly ever em-
ployed, except  for the last purpose.
   Asarum Canaden'se,  A. C'arob'tria'num, Ca-\
nada Snakeroot,  Wild Ginger, Colt's  Foot, Itroatl-
leafi Asarabacca, Indian  Ginger, Heart Suake-
■■oot, (F.) Asaret  du Canada.  The root As'arum,
(Ph. U. S.), is used  as a substitute for ginger, and
is said  to act  as  a warm stimulant  and dia-
phoretic.
   Asarum  Carolinianum, A. Canadense — a.
Europtcum, see Asarum — a. Ilypocistis, Cytinus
hypocistis—a.  Officinale, see Asarum.
   ASBESTOS SCALL, see Eczema of the hairy
scalp.
   ASCAIN, MINERAL WATERS  OF.  Ascain
is a village, situate about a  league from St. Jean-
de-Ltiz, in France.   The water is a cold  chaly-
beate.
   ASCVRDAMYC'TES,  from  a, privative, and
aKapSapvrroj, ' I twinkle the  eyes.'  One who stares
with fixed  eyes, without moving the eyelids.—
Hippocrates.
   ASCARICIDA  ANTHELMINTICA,  Verno-
nia anthelmintic),
   ASCARIDE  LUMRRICOIDE,  Ascaris lum-
bricoides—a. Vermiculaire, Ascaris  vermicularis.
   AS'CARIS,  pi. ASCARTDES, from aoKapt^or,
' I leap.'   A genus of intestinal worms, charac-
teri/.ed by a long,  cylindrical  body, extenuated
at the extremities; and having a mouth furnished
with three tubereules,  from which  a very short
tube is sometimes seen issuing.  Formerly, there
wore reckoned two varieties of the Ascaris — the
 Ax'caris lumbricoi'des seu  gii/as hom'inis,  Lnm-
bri'eus,  L.  teres hom'inis,  Sco/e.c, (F.) Lombri-
coiitc,  Ascaride lombricoicle,  Lombric,  or long
round  worm:   and  the  As'caris Vcrmiculil ris
— the Ascaris  proper — the thread worm or marc
worm.   The  former is  alone  included  under
the genus, at present—a new genus  having been
 formed of the  A. vermicularis, under  the  name
 Oxyuris.   It is  the  O.cyu'ris  seu Fusa'ria ver-
tiiienla't-is, (F.) Ascaride, A. vermiculaire, Oxyure
 vermiculaire.
   A new species of entozoa has  been found  by
Dr. Bellingham, the As'caris ala'ta.
   Ascaris Alata, see Ascaris—a, Gigas hominis,
see Ascaris — a. Lumbricoides, see  Ascaris — a.
Renalis, Strongylus gigas—a.  Trichuria, Tricho-
cephalus—a. Vermicularis,  see Ascaris—a.  Visce-
ralis, Strongylus gigas.
   AS'CEI.ES, As'keles, Carens crn'ribus, from  a,
privative,  and  tsKeXos, 'a leg.'   One  who has  no
legs.
   ASCELLA,  Axilla.
   ASCEN'DENS,  from ascendere, (ad and scan-
dere.) 'to ascend.'  (F.) Ascendant.   Parts are
thus called, which are supposed to  arise in a re-
gion lower than that where they terminate.  Thus,
Aorta ascentlens is  the aorta from its origin to the
arch :  Vena cava ascendens, the large vein which
canies the blood from the  inferior  parts  to the
heart:  Ob/iquus ascendens (muscle), the   lesser
oblique muscle of the abdomen, Ac.
   ASCEN'SUS MORBI.  The period of increase
of a disease.
   ASCMERSONIAN VESICLES,  see Vesicles,
Ascliersonian.
   ASCESIS. Exercise.
   ASCII IL, Seilla.
   ASCHISTODAC'TYLUS,  Syndac'tybs, from
a, privative,  (r^iirro;,  'cleft;'  and  cuktiXos,   'a
finger.'   A monster whose  fingers are  not sepa-
rated from one another.—Gurlt.
  AS'CIA (an axe), Axine, Seepar'nos, Dol'abra,
Fas'eia spira'lis. Name of a bandage mentioned
by the ancients, and figured by Scultetus, in the
shape of an axe or hatchet.—Galen.  See Doloire.
  ASCILLA, Axilla.
  ASf'lTE, Ascites—a. Peritoneale, Ascites.
  ASCITES, from  ookos,  'a  leathern  sack, a
large belly :' — Askltes, Hydroce'le Peritona'i,
Hydrops  Abdom'inis seu  Ascites, Hyc/rogas'ter,
I/ydroperitone'um, Hydroca-'lia, Hydre'trum, As-
e/i'tes,  Cir/ioeh'ysis, Dropsy of the lower belly,
Dropsy of the Peritone'um, (F.) ^4*ci're,  A. per it o-
niale, Hydro-peritonie, Hijdropisie du Bas-ventre
ou  du piritoine.  A collection of serous fluid in
the  abdomen.   Ascites proper is dropsy of the
peritoneum ; and  is characterized  by increased
size of the abdomen, by fluctuation and the gene-
ral signs  of dropsy.   It is rarely a primary  dis-
ease; but is always dangerous, and but little sus-
ceptible of cure.  Most generally, it is owing to
obstructed circulation in some of the viscera, or
to  excitement of  the  vessels of the abdominal
organs.   The treatment is essentially the same
as  that of other  dropsies.   Paracentesis,  when
had recourse to, can  only be regarded as a pal-
liative.
   Dropsy of the peritoneum may also be saccated
or in cysts, and occasionally the fluid accumulates
exterior  to  the  peritoneum, Hydrcpigas'trium.
When in  cysts it is termed Hydrooys'tis, Hydrops
abdom'inis sacctltus  seu  cys'ticus and Ascites
sacca'tus.
   Ascites Hepato-Cysticus, Turgescentia vesi-
culae felleae—a. Ovarii, Hydrops ovarii—a. Puru-
lentus,  Pyoccelia — a. Saccatus, see Ascites, Hy-
droarion, and Hydrops ovarii.
  ASCITTC, Ascilicits, (F.) Ascitique.  Relating
or appertaining  to, or affected with, ascites.
  ASCLEPI'ADyE, Asclepi'ades, from  AckXtikios,
'.lEsculapius.' The priest, physicians, who served
in the  ancient temples of ^Esculapius, and who
took their name from being his descendants.
  ASCLEPIADE, Asclepias vincetoxicum.
  ASCLEPIAS  ALBA,  A. vincetoxicum— a.
Apocynum,  A.  Syriaca— a. Asthmatica,  Tylo-
phora asthmatica — a. Cornuti, A. Syriaca — a.
Crispa, Gomphocarpus crispus.
  Asclepias Curassav'ica, Bastard Ipecacu-
anha,  Redhead, Bloodweed,  The leaves  are
emetic  in the dose of one  or  two  scruples.  It
is the Ipecacuanha blanc of St. Domingo.
  Asclepias Decum'bens : the root. Escharotic,
cathartic, sudorific, diuretic.
  Asclepias, Flesh-coloured, A. Incarnata —
a. Gigantea, Mudar.
  Ascle'pias  Incarna'ta,  A. pulchra,  Flesh-
coloured  or  su-iimp  asclepias or silkweed.   The
root of this plant,  which grows in all parts of the
United States,  and  is officinal  in the Ph. U. S.,
has the same virtues as A. Syriaca, and A. tube-
rosa,
   Asclepias Oisovata, A. Syriaca.
   Asclepias Proc"era  [?], Beidelossar, Bci-
delsar.   An Egyptian plant, the leaves of which
are  made into a plaster, and applied to indolent
tumours.  The milky juice is caustic, and is used
as such.
   Asclepias Psuuposausa. Heinidesmus Indi-
cus — a.  Pubescens, A. Syriaca — a. Pulchra, A.
incarnata.
   Asclepias Syriaca, A.pubes'cens seu apoc"i/-
nnm Seu ohortlta seu  tomento'sa  sen Cornn'ti,
 Common  Silkweed, Milk  Weed,  (F.) Herbe d la
 houette.  Tbe cortical part  of the root, officinal
I in the Ph. U. S., has been given, in powder, in 
ASCLEPIASMUS           100               ASPHYXIA
asthmatic and  pulmonic  affections in  general,
and, it is said, with success.
  Ascle'pias  Sullivan'tii,  Smooth  Milkweed,
Silkweed: indigenous, possesses the same virtues
as the next.
  Asclepias Tomentosa,  A. Syriaca.
  Asci.i;'pias Tubero'sa, Butterfly Weed, Pleu-
risy Runt, Flux  Root,  Wind  Root, Wind Weed,
 White  Root,  Orange Swallow Root, Silk Weed,
Canada  Root,   Orange   Apoc'ynum,   Tuberous
Rooted Swallow Wort.  Said to have been first
recommended  by the Asclepiades.  In  Virginia
and the Carolinas, the root of this plant—officinal
in the Ph. U. S.—has been long celebrated as a
remedy in pneumonic affections.   It  is sudo-
rific, and the powder acts as a mild  purgative.
Its chief powers are said to be  expectorant, dia-»
phoretic, and febrifuge.  It is occasionally given
to relieve pains  of the stomach from flatulency
and indigestion.
  Asclepias Vincetox'iccm, A. Alba,  Cynarl-
chrun Vincctox'icum, Vincetox'icmn, V.  Officina'/e,
Hiruiidlna'ria, Apoc"ynum Xora An'glia hirsn'-
tum, &■:., Swallow-Wort,  White Swalloio-Wort,
(F.) Ase.lepinde, Dompte-venin.
  The root is said  to be stimulant, diuretic, and
emmenagogue, but is hardly ever used.
  ASCLEPIASMUS, Haemorrhois.
  ASCLITES, Ascites.
  ASCO'MA, from aaKos,  'a  bottle.'  The emi-
nence  of the pubes at the period  of  puberty in
females.—Rufus of Ephesus.
  ASE. Anxiety.
  ASEELI, Onisci aselli.
  ASELLUS, Oniscus.
  ASE'MA CRISIS, Kpicrts aanpa, from  a, priva-
tive, and anpa, ' a sign.'  A crisis occurring unex-
pectedly and  without  the ordinary  precursory
signs.
  ASEPTON, Asapes.
  ASH,  BITTER, Quassia—a. Blue, Fraxinus
quadrangulata — a. Mountain,  Sorbus  acuparia
— a. Mountain, American,  Sorbus  Americana
■—a. Prickly, Aralia spinosa, Xanthoxylum clava
Herculis — a.  Prickly, shrubby,   Xanthoxylum
fraxinenm — a.  Stinking, Ptelea  trifoliata — a.
Tree, Fraxinus  excelsior — a.  White, Fraxinus
Americana.
  ASIALORRHCE'A,  (F.) Asialorrhie, from a,
priv., otaXov, 'saliva,' and pear, 'to flow.'  Diminu-
tion in tbe flow of saliva.
  ASIMINA TRILOBA, see  Carica papaya.
  ASIT"IA, from a, privative, and atros, 'food.'
Abstinence from food.  Want of appetite,—Fas-
tid'ium cibo'rum, Apoclelsis.
  ASIUS LAPIS, Assius  Lapis.
  ASJAGAN, As'jogam.  An  Indian  tree,  the
 juice of  whose  leaves,  mixed with powdered
 cumin seeds, is employed in India  in colic.
  ASJOGAM, Asjagan.
   ASKELES, Asceles.
  ASKER, Eschar.
  ASKITES, Ascites.
   ASO'DES, Asso'des, from aari, 'disgust,' 'sati-
ety.'   A fever  accompanied  with anxiety and
nausea :  Fc'bris aso'des vel azo'des.
   ASPALASO'MUS, from aavaXai,, 'a mole,'and
 aurpa, 'a body.'  A genus of monsters  in which
there is  imperfect  development of the eyes.—
I. G. St.  Hilaire.   Also, a malformation, in which
the fissure and  eventration extend chiefly upon
the lower part  of  the abdomen ; the urinary ap-
paratus,  genitals and rectum opening externally
by three distinct orifices.—Vogel.
  ASPALTUM. Asphaltum.
   ASPARAGINE, see Asparagus.
   ASPAR'AGUS,  Aarrapayos,  Aspar'agrts offici-
 na'lis, Common Asparagus, Spar'agus, Sper'agus,
 Sparrow Grass,  Grass, Sperage.   Ord, Aspho-
delese.   Sex. Syst. Hexandria Monogynia.  As-
par'agi officina'lis Turio'ries, (F.) Asperge.  The
fresh  roots are diuretic, perhaps owing to the im-
mediate   crystallizable  principle,  Asparagine,
which is said to be sedative in the dose  of a few
grains.   The young shoots are a well  known and
esteemed vegetable diet.  They communicate a
peculiar odour tto the  urine.  A syrup made of
the young shoots and an extract of the roots has
been  recommended as  a sedative in  heart affec-
tions.
  ASPA'SIA.  A ball of wood  soaked in an in-
fusion of galls, and used by females for constring-
ing the vagina.
  ASPEN, AMERICAN, Populus tremuloides—
a. European, Populus tremula.
  ASPERA ARTERIA, Trachea.
  ASPERGE, Asparagus.
  ASPERITAS  ARTERLZE ASPERSE,  Rau-
cedo.   ^     _,
  ASPERITE DES PAUP1ERES, Trachoma.
  ASPERITUDO, Trachoma.
  ASPER'ITY,  Asper'itets, roughness.   Asperi-
ties are  inequalities on the surfaces of bones,
which often  serve  for the  insertion of fibrous
organs.
  ASPERMATIA, Aspermatisinus.
  ASPERMATIS'xMUS, Asper'mia, Asperma'tia,
from  a,  privative, and  aiteppa, 'sperm.'  Reflux
of sperm from the urethra into the bladder, dur-
ing the venereal  orgasm.
  ASPERMIA,  Aspermatismus.
  ASPERSIO, Catapasma, Fomentation.
  ASPER'SION, Asper'sio,  from aspergere (ad
and spargere),  'to  sprinkle,' (F.)  Arrosement.
Act of  sprinkling or pouring a liquid  guttatim
over a wound, ulcer, &c.
  ASPERULA, Galium aparine.
  Asper'ulA Odora'ta, (diminutive of asper,
'rough,' the seeds being rough), Ga'lium odora'-
tum, Matrisylva, Hepat'ica  stella'ta, (F.) Aspe-
rttle odorante ou Mitguet des  bois,  Hepatiqiie
etoilee.    Ord. Rubiaceae.  Sex.  Syst. Tetrandria
Monogynia,   Sweet-scented  Woodroofi.   Said to
be diuretic, deobstrueut, tonic, and vulnerary.
  ASPJSRULE ODORANTE, Asperulaodorata.
  ASPHALTITES, Nephrites, Ne2)hrltis, Pri-
ma Vertebra luinba'ria,  same etymon as asphal-
tum.   A name given by some to the  last lumbar
vertebra.—Gorraeus.
  ASPHALTUM, Nep'ta, Arsaltos, Asphaltum,
from  aoipaXtletv,  'to strengthen,' being  used as
a cement.  [? ] With the Greeks, this  word signi-
fied any kind of bitumen.  It is now restricted
chiefly  to the Bitu'men of Jud^'a, B. Juda'-
icum, A. solidum, Jews' Pitch, Karabe of Sodoin,
(F.)  Asphalte, Bitume de Jutlee, Poix  minerale
seoriacie, Baume de momie ou des funirailles. It
is solid, friable,  vitreous, black,  shining, inflam-
mable,  and of a fetid  smell.  An oil is obtained
from it by distillation.   It enters into the compo-
sition of certain ointments and plasters.
   It  is collected on the surface of the water of
the Dead Sea or Lake  Asphaltites, in Judaea.
   ASPHARINE, Galium aparine.
   ASPHOD'ELUS, AotjroSeXos,  A.  Ramo'sus seu
Albus sen Maris, Has'tula Regis, (F.) Lis asplio-
delc.   The  bulbs  of  this  southern European
plant have an acrimony which  they  lose in boil-
ing water.  They contain a fecula  with  which
bread has been  made, and have been considered
diuretic  They have been used as a succcdaneum
for the squill.
   ASPHYCTOS, Pulseless.
   ASPHYX'IA,frotna, priv., and o^ufo, 'pulse,'
 Defec'tus Pulsus, Acrotis'mus, Sidera'tio,  Syclera'-
 tio, (F.) Anhimatosie.   For a long time, Asphy-
 xia was confined to the sense of'suspension of
 circulation or syncope;' Pulselessness.   It now 
ASPIIYXIAL              101         ASSIDENTIA SIGNA
generally means suspended  animation, produced
by the nonconversion of the venous blood of the ]
lungs into  arterial,—Apno'a, Apneus'tia, Apnce-
asphyx'ia,  Anhamato'sin, Ec'lysis pneumo-cardl-
aea, Anoxemia,  Hypoxemic,—Piorry.  Owing to j
the supply of air  being cut off,  the  unchanged
venous blood of the pulmonary artery passes into
the minute radicles of  the pulmonary veins, but
their peculiar excitability requiring arterial blood
to excite them, stagnation takes places in the pul-
monary radicles, and death occurs  chiefly from
this cause,—not  owing to venous blood  being
distributed  through  the system,  and 'poisoning'
it. as was the  idea of Bictiat.  Citrus asphyx'ia,
Mors appa'reus, Mors pit tat I ra, Pseudotharlatos,
A],parent  death, (F.) Mart  apparente, is charac-
terized by suspension of respiration, of the cere-
bral functions, &c: Several varieties of Asphyxia
have been  designated.
   1. Asphyx'ia of the New-Born, A. neonato'-
rnm.   This is often dependent upon the  feeble
condition of the infant,  not permitting respiration
to be established.
   2. Asphyx'ia by Noxious Inhala'tion, or in-
halation of gases, some of which cause death by
producing  a spasmodic closure  of  the  glottis ;
others by  the  want of oxygen;  and others are
positively  deleterious or poisonous.
   3. Asphyx'ia by Strangula'tion, or Suffoca'-
tion ;  produced  by mechanical  impediment to
respiration, as  in hanging.
   4. Asphyx'ia by Submer'sion, A. by drown-
ing, A. Immerso'rum, Angiairhydrie (Piorry), as
occurs in the drowned, who  perish in consequence
of the medium in which they are plunged, being
unfit for respiration.  See Submersion.
   Air. Chevalier has used the term  Asphyx'ia
Idiopatllica, for fatal  syncope owing to relaxa-
tion of the heart.   See Suffocation.
   Asphyx'ia I.mmersorum, A. by submersion—
a. Local:—see Grangrene—a. Neonatorum, A. of
the new-born — a. Pestilenta: — see Cholera—a.
Pestilential:—see Cholera.
   ASPHYXTAL, Asphyx'ic  Relating to as-
phyxia—as ' asphyxial  phenomena.'
   ASPHYXIE  'DES  PARTIES,  Gangrene—
a. Lente des tiouveau-nis, Induration  of  the  cel-
lular tissue.
   A S PII Y X'l E D, Asphyx'iated, Asphyxia'tus,
same etymon.  In a state of asphyxia.
   ASPIC,  Aspis, Lavandula spica.
   ASPIDISCOS, Sphincter ani externus.
   A S P ID T U M A T IIA M A N'T I C U M, from
atrm&iov, 'a small shield,' diminutive of aa-ts, 'a
shield.'  A  South African fern,  Ord.  Filices,
which is  possessed  of  anthelmintic  properties.
Its caudex, in  the form of powder, infusion, or
electuary, has  been  found  excellent in  helmin-
thiasis, and especially in tapeworm.
   Aspidium  Coiuaceum, Calagualae  radix — a.
Depastum, Polypodium  filix mas—a. Discolor, see
Calagualae  radix —a. Erosum,  Polypodium filix
mas—a. Filix  foemina, Asplenium filix foemina—
a. Ferrugineum,  see Calagualae radix — a. Filix
mas, Polypodium fib'x mas.
   ASPIRATIO, Inspiration.
   ASPIRATION, Adspira'tio, Aspira'tio, from
aspirare (ad  and  spirare), ' to  breathe'   The
French sometimes use  the term  synonymously
with inspiration.   It also means the act of attract-
ing or sucking like a pump. Imbibition.  Also,
the pronunciation  of a vowel with  a full breath.
   ASPIS, aarrts.   A  name given  by the ancients
to a venomous  serpent—the ^Egyptian viper of
Lacepede,  (F.)  Aspic. Its bite is very dangerous, !
and it is supposed to have been the reptile which j
Cleopatra used  for her destruction.
   ASPLE'NIUM, Asple'num,  from a, priv., and I
aitXr]v, 'the spleen.'  Spleenwort, Miltwaste.      \
  Asplenium Aureum, A. ceterach.
  Asple'nium Cet'erach,  A. au'reum seu lati-
fo'lium,  Gymnogram'me  ceterach,  Doradilla,
Blechnum squamo'sum, Scolopen'ilria, Athyr'ion
Cet'erach officina'rum seu Canarien'sis, Grammi'-
tis cet'erach seu au'rea, Gymnop'teris cttcrach, Vit-
ta'ria  ceterach,  (F.) Doradille.   Orel.  Filices.
Supposed to be subastringent and  mucilaginous,
and has been recommended as a pectoral.  It has
also been given in  calculous cases.
  Asple'nium Filix Fce'mina, Polypo'diurn filix
foemina seu molle  seu derita'tum seu inci'snm seu
trifi'idum, Aspidium filix foemina, Atlii/r'ium fllix
foemina seu molle seu ova'tum seu trif'idum, Pte-
ris palus'tr-r's, Female fern, Spleenwort, (F.) .Foii-
gere femelle.  The root of this plant resembles
that of the male  fern, and is said to possess simi-
lar anthelmintic  virtues.  The name female fern
is also given to Pteris aquilina.
   Asplenium Latifolium,  A. ceterach — a. Mu-
rale, A. ruta—a. Obtusum, A. ruta muraria.
   Asple'nium Ruta Mura'ria, A. mura'le seu
obtu'sum, Paronych'ia, Phylli'tis ruta  mura'ria,
Scolopetl drium  ruta  mura'ria,  Wall rue,  White
Maidenhair, Tentwort, Adian'tum album, Ruta
mura'ria, Salvia  Vita, (F.) Rue  des murailles,
Sauve-vie.   Used in the same cases as the last.
   Asple'nium Scolopen'drium,  Scolopendrium
ojfieinilrum seu  lingua seu phylli'tis seu vulga'-
re, Scolopen'dra, Scolopen'ilria, Hart's Tongue,
Spleenwort, Phylli'tis, Lingua cervi'ua, Blechnum
Ugnifo'lium, (F.)  Scolopendre, Lungue de cerfi.
Properties like the last.
   Asple'nium Trichomanoi'des,  A.  Trichom'-
ancs,  Phylli'tis rotundifo'lia, Calyphyl'lum, Tri-
chom'anes,  T. crena'ta, Adian'tum  rubrrtm, Com-
mon Maidenhair,  Polyt'richum commu'ne, (F.)
Polytric.  Properties like the last.
   ASPLENUM, Asplenium.
   ASPREDO, Trachoma—a. Miliacca, Miliary
fever.
   ASPRELE, Hippuris vulgaris.
   ASPRITUDO, Trachoma.
   ASSABA. A Guinea shrub, whose leaves are
considered capable of dispersing buboes.
   ASSACOU, Hura Brasiliensis.
   ASSA DOUX, Benjamin—a. Dulcis, Benjamin
—a. Odorata, Benjamin.
   ASSAFETIDA, Asafoetida.
   ASSAFCETIDA, Asafoetida,
   ASSAIERET.  A compound of  bitter, stoma-
chic, and purgative medicines in the form of pill.
—Avicenna.
   ASSAIXISSEMEXT (F.), from   ad,  'to,'
and sanare,  'to make healthy.'  The act of ren-
dering healthy,  as by  the  draining of marshes,
the disinfection of the air, &c.
   ASSAISONNEMEXT, Condiment.
   ASSAKUR, Saccharum.
   ASSALA, see  Myristica moschata.
   ASSARTHROSIS, Articulation.
   ASSATIO,  Opte'sis.  The boiling  of food or
medicines in their own juice, without the addi-
tion of any liquid.   Various kinds  of cooking by
heat.—Galen.
  ASSELEA, Axilla,
  AS'SERAC, Assis.  A preparation of opium,
or of  some  narcotic, used  by the  Turks as  an
excitant.
  ASSERCULUM. Splint,
  ASSERVATIUN, Conservation.     «
  ASSES' MILK,  see Milk, asses'.
  Asses' Milk,  Artificial, sec Milk, asses'.
  AS'SIDKNS, from ad. 'to,' and  seelere, 'to be
seated.'   That which accompanies or is concomi-
tant.  An epithet applied to the accessory symp-
toms,  Assiden'tia signa, and general phenomena
of disease.
  ASSIDENTIA SIGNA, see Assidens. 
ASSIMILABLE
102
ASTHMA
  ASSIM'ILABLE, Assimilab'ilis.   Same ety-
mon as Assimilation.  That which is susceptible
of assimilation.
  ASSIMTLATING, Assim'ilatory, Assimilato'-
riits,(¥.) Assimilateur. Same etymon as the next.
That wh.ch effects assimilation, as an assimilating
or assimilatury organ.
  ASSIMILATION, Assimila'tio, Simila'tio,Ap-
propria'tio, Exomoio'sis,  Homoio'sis,  Threpsis,
Threp'tice; from assimilare, (ad and similare,)
'to  render similar.'   The act  by which  living
bodies appropriate and transform into their own
substance matters with which  they may be placed
in contact.  The reverse action—that of separa-
ting and eliminating matters already assimilated,
in the act of nutrition—is termed, by the French,
Jjcsassimilotion.
  ASS1S, Asserac.
  AS'SIUS LAPIS,  A'sius Lapis.  A  sort  of
stone or earth, found near the town of Assa in
the Troad, which had the property of destroying
proud flesh.
  ASSOCIATED MOVEMENTS,seeInstinctive.
  ASSODES,  Asodes.
  ASSOt'l'ISSAXT, Somniferous.
  ASSOUPISSEMENT, Somnolency.
  ASSOURON. see Myrtus Pimenta.
  ASSUETUDO. Habit.
  ASSULA, Splint.
  ASSULTUS. Attack.
  ASSUMPTIO. Prehension.
  ASTACI FLUYIATILIS  CONCREMENTA,
 Cancrorum chelae.
  ASTACUS  FLUYIATILIS,  Crab.
  ASTAKILLOS, Aianeum  ulcus.
  ASTARZOF.  An ointment, composed of li-
 tharge, frog's spawn, &c.   Also, camphor,  dis-
 solved in rose water.—Paracelsus.
  ASTASIA,  Dysphoria.
  ASTER ATTICUS, Bubonium.
  Aster Cordifoi.ius, Heart-leaved  Aster, A.
 Punic'eus, Rough-stemmed  Aster, and  other
 indigenous species,  Order  Compositoe,  possess
 aromatic properties.
  Aster  Dysenteripus, Inula dysenterica— a.
 Heart-leaved, A. cordifolius—a. Ilelenium, Inula
 Helenium—a. Inguinalis, Eryngium campestre—
 —  a. Officinalis, Inula Helenium — a. Rough-
 stemmed, A. Puniceus—a. Tortifolius, Serieocar-
 pus tortifolius—a. Undulatus, Inula dysenterica.
  ASTE'RIA GEMMA, Aste'rius, Astroltes, As'-
 trios, Astrob'olus.   The ancients attributed ima-
 ginary  virtues to this stone, — that of dispersing
 Navi Maternr', for example.
  ASTERIAS LUTEA,  Gentiana lutea.
   ASTER'NIA, from a,  privative, and  orepvov,
 'the sternum.'  A monstrosity, in which there is
 absence of the sternum.
   ASTEROCEPIIALUS  SUCCISA,  Scabiosa
 succisa.
   ASTHENES, Infirm.
   ASTHENI'A, Vis immr'nu'ta, from  a, priv.,
 and aSevos, 'force,'  'strength.'  Want of strength,
 debility.   (F.)  Affaiblissement.  Infirmity.   A
 word used in  thi? sense by Galen, and employed,
 especially by  Brown, to designate debility of the
 whole economy, or diminution of the vital forces.
 He distinguished it into direct  and indirect:  the
 former proceeding  from diminution of stimuli;
 the latter from exhaustion of incitability by the
 abuse of stimuli.
   Asthenia Deglutitionis, Pharyngoplegia—a.
 Pectoralis, Angina  Pectoris.
   ASTHEN'IC, Asthen'icus,  (F.) Asthinique.
 Same etymon as the last.  Relating or belonging
 to  asthenia.
  ASTIIENICOPYRA, Fever, adynamic
   ASTHENICOPYRETUS, Fever, adynamic.
  ASTHEXIQUE, Asthenic
  ASITIENO'PIA, Debilitus seu  llebctu do  n-
gfls, (F.) Affaiblissement de la  Vue, from a, priv.,
cdevos,' strength,' and w<p, ' the eye'  Weakness
of sight;  Weak-sightedness.
  ASTHENOPYRA,  Fever, adynamic, Typhus.
  ASTHENOPYRETUS, Fever, adynamic.
  ASTHMA, from aadpu, 'laborious breathing;'
from aor, 'I  respire.'  A. spas'ticum titlitlto'rtim
seu bronchia'le seu seuio'rum seu convulsi'rum >t\x
spas'ticum  intermiltens, Spas'tints bronchia'Us,
Dyspnee'a et orthopnw'a convulsi'va, Malum Cu-
(lu'cnm pu/mo'num, Broken-ioindedness,  Nervous
asthma, (F.) Asthme,  A. nerveux.   Difficulty  of
breathing, recurring  at  intervals,  accompanied
with a wheezing sound and sense of constriction
in the chest; cough and expectoration.
  Asthma is a chronic disease, and not curable with
facility.  Excitant and narcotic antispasmodics
are required.
  There are no pathognomonic physical signs of
asthma.  In  some cases, the respiration is uni-
versally puerile during the attack.   In the spas-
modic form, the respiratory murmur is very feeble
or absent during the fit; and/in all  forms percus-
sion elicits a clear pulmonary sound. The disease
generally consists in some source of irritation, and
occasionally, perhaps, in paralysis  of the pneu-
mogastric nerves, Bronchoparalysis, Paralysis
nervi vagi in parte thorac"ica, more frequently
of  the former — all the phenomena indicating
constriction  of the smaller  bronchial ramifica-
tions.  The treatment is one that relieves spasmo-
dic action — narcotics, counter-irritants, change
of air, <fcc
  Asthma Acu'tum, of Millar, A.  spas'ticum in-
fan'tum, Cynan'che Trachea'lis spusmod'icu, (F.)
Asthme ar'gu.  Probably,  spasmodic croup [?].
See Asthma Thymicum.
  Asthma Aerium, Pneumothorax — a. Aerium
ab  Emphysemate Pulmonum, Emphysema of the
Lungs — a.  Arthriticum, Angina   Pectoris — a.
Bronchiale,  Asthma.
   Asthma,  Car'diac, (F.)  Dyspnee ou Asthme
Curdiaque, Dyspnoea dependent upon disease of
the heart.
   Asthma  Convulsivum,  Angina pectoris — a.
Diaphragmaticum, Angina  Pectoris — a. Dolo-
rificum, Angina pectoris — a. Emphysematicum,
Pneumothorax.
   Asthma, Grinders', Grinders' Rot.  The ag-
gregate of functional phenomena, induced by the
inhalation of particles thrown off during the ope-
ration of grinding metallic instruments, &c. The
structural changes induced are enlargement of
the bronchial tubes, expansion of the pulmonary
tissue, and phthisis.
   Asthma Gypseum, A. pulverulentum—a. Hay,
Fever, hay.
   Asthma Hu'midum, Humid, Common, or Spit-
ting asthma, is  when the disease is accompanied
with  expectoration.   It is  also called A. humo-
ra'le, A. flatulen'tum, A. pneumon'icum, Blenno-
tho'rax chron'icus, &c.
   Asthma  Infantum, Cynanehe trachealis — a.
Infantum Spasmodicum, A. Thymicum—a. Kop-
pian, A.  Thymicum — a.  Laryngeum Infantum,
A. Thymicum—a. Montanum, A. pulverulentum
—a. Nervous, Asthma—a. Nocturnum,  Incubus.
   A9THMA  Pi lverulen'tum, A.  gyp'seum,  A.
monta'num.   The variety of asthma  to which
millers, bakers, grinders, and others are subject.
   Asthma Siccum, so called when  the paroxysm
is sudden, violent, and of short duration; cough
slight, and expectoration scanty; spasmodic con-
striction.
   Asthma  Spastico-Arthriticum  Inconstans,
Angina  pectoris — a. Spasticum   Infantum, A.
Thymicum. 
ASTHMATIC
103
ATAVISM
  Asthma Thy'micum, A.  T. Kop'pii,  Asthma
spas'ticum infinitum seu infinitum spasmo'dicum
seu larynge' umiufml turn seu intermit' tens infan' -
turn  seu dentien'tium  seu period'icum  acu'tum,
1 hymustllvia, Cynan'che trachea'lis spasmod'ica,
Spasmus  gloltidis, Koppian Asthma,  Thymic
Asthma, Laryngis'runs stritlulus, Lnryngo-spas-
riiiis. Apnw.'ti infinitum.  Spasm of the larynx  or
glottis,  Group-like  inspiration, of infants, Child-
croir.iiig. Spasmodic croup. Pseudo-croup, Spu'ri-
ons  or  Cer'ebral  croup, I'hreno-gloltism, Suffo-
cating nervous catarrh, (F.) Laryngite stritluleuse.
Faux Croup, Pseudo-croup nercenx, Spasme de la
Glottc et du Thorax.   A disease of infants, cha-
racterized by suspension of respiration  at inter-
vals ; great difficulty of breathing, especially  on
waking, swallowing, or  crying;  ending  often  in
a fit of suffocation, with convulsions. The patho-
logy of the disease has  been supposed to consist
in  an enlargement of the thymus gland, or  of
the glands of the  neck  pressing on the pneuiuo-
gastric nerves [?].  The ear, by  auscultation, at
a distance from the chest, detects an incomplete,
acute, hissing  inspiration, or  rather cry:  whilst
the expiration and voice are  croupal, both at the
accession and termination of the  paroxysm. The
heart's action  has been observed to be distinct
and feeble.
   These  symptoms are  often accompanied  by
rigidity of the fingers and toes ;  the thumb being
 frequently drawn  forcibly into  the palm  of the
 clenched  hand,  whence  the  name Carpo-pedal
 spasm, applied, at times, to the disease.
   Asthma Typicum.   Asthma characterized  by
 periodicity.
   Asthma Uteri, Hysteria — a. Weed, Lobelia
 infln ta.
   ASTIIMATTC, Asthmat'icus,   Pnoocolylicus,
 (F.) Asthmatique.  Affected with asthma.  Rela-
 ting to asthma.
   ASTHME AIGU, Asthma acutum—a. Cardi-
 aque. Asthma, cardiac—a. Nercenx, Asthma.
   ASTIG'.MATISM, Astigmatism'its, from a, pri-
 vative, and  ortyixa, oriynaros, 'a point.'   A state
 of irregular refraction in the eye, in  which the
 rays are not brought to one focus, but converge
 at different  distances, so  as to  form two linear
 images at right angles to  each other.
   ASTOMUS, from  a, privative,  and aropa, 'a
 mouth.'   (F.)  Astome.   One without a mouth.
 Pliny speaks of a people in India without mouths,
 who live anhel.atu et odore !
   ASTRAGALE COL  D', Collum astragali.
   ASTRAGALOIDES  SYPHILITICA,  Astra-
 galus exscapus.
   ASTRAG'ALUS,  Talus, the  Ankle, Qua'trio,
 Qunr'tio, Quater'nio,  Diab'ebos, Peza, Cavic'ula,
 Cnril'la,  Tetro'ros, As'trion, Os  Bal/isla seu
 Tes'sera, from aarpayaXos, 'a die,' which  it has
 been considered to resemble [?].   A short bone,
 situate at the superior and middle part  of the
 tarsus, where it  is articulated with the tibia,  It
 is the  ankle bone, sling bone, or first bone of  the
 foot.   The anterior surface is convex, and has a
 well-marked prominence,  supported by a kind of
 neck, and hence  has been called the head of  the
 astragalus.  The astragalus is developed by two
 points  of ossification.
   Also, the atla-s or first vertebra of the neck.
   Astrag'ai.us   Ex'scapus,  Astragalo'i'des  sy-
 philitica, Stemle.ss Milk-vetch, (F.) Astragale d
 gousses veins.  Ord. Legutninosae.  Scr. Syst. Dia-
 delphia  Decandria.   The root is said  to have
 cured continued syphilis.
   Astiiao'ai.us  Tragacanthus. see Tragacanth.
   Astkag'ai.us  Verus, Sjrina hirei, Astrag'alus
 acttlea'tus, Goals  thorn, Milk-vetch.   The plant
 which  affords  Gum  Trag'acanth.   See Traga-
 cantha.
  ASTRANTIA, Imperatoria—a. Diapensia, Sa-
nicula.
  ASTRAPE,  Corusca'tio,  Fulgar,  Fulmen,
Lightning.  Galen  reckons it  amongst the re-
mote causes of epilepsy.
  ASTRICTION, Asirie'tio, Stypsis, Adstric'tio,
Constric'tio, from astringere, (ad and stringere,)
' to constringe.'  Action of an  astringent sub-
stance on the animal economy.
  ASTRICTORIA, Astringents.
  ASTRINGENT  ROOT,  Comptonia aspleni-
folia.
  ASTRIN'GENTS, Astringen'tia, Adstricto'ria,
Adstringen'tia, Stryphna, Cutastaltica, Constrin-
i/en'tin,  Contrahen'tia,  Stegno'tica, Syncrit'ica,
Astr-ivto'ria.   Same etymon.   Medicines  which
have  the property  of  constringing the organic
textures.  External astringents  are called Styp-
tics.
  The following are the chief astringents: Aci-
dum  Sulphuricum, A.  Tannicum, Alumen,  Ar-
genti Nitras, Catechu, Creasoton, Cupri Sulphas,
Tinct. Ferri  Cbloridi,  Liquor   Ferri  Nitratis,
Ferri Sulphas. Gallae, Haematoxylon, Kino, Kra-
meria, Liquor Calcis,  Plumbi  Acetas, Quercus
Alba, Quercus Tinctoria, Zinci Sulphas.
  ASTRION, Astragalus.
  ASTRIOS,  Asteria gemma.
  ASTROBLES, from aarpov, 'astar,' and(SaXXor,
T strike.'  One struck  by the stars, (sidera'tus.)
One who is in a state of sideration — iu an apo-
plectic state.—Gorraeus.
  ASTROBLESIA, Astrobolismus.
  ASTROBOLIA,  Astrobolismus.
  ASTROBOLIS'MUS, Astrobolia, Astrollc'sia,
Heli'asis, Helio'sis.  Same etymology.  Sidera'-
tion, or  action of the stars on  a person.  Apo-
plexy.—Theophrastus,  Gorraeus.
  ASTROBOLOS,  Asteria gemma.
  ASTROITIS, Asteria gemma.
  ASTROLOGER, see Astronomy.
  ASTROL'OGY,  Astrolotf'ia,  from  aarpov, ' a
star,' and  Xoyos, 'a discourse.'   The art of divi-
ning by  inspecting the  stars.  This was formerly
considered  to be a part of medicine; and  was
called Judicial Astrology, to distinguish it from
astronomy.
  ASTRON'OMY,  Astrononlia,  from  aarpov, 'a
star,  and vopos, 'a law,' 'rule.'   A science which
makes known the heavenly phenomena, and the
laws that govern them.  Hippocrates places this
and astrology amongst the necessary  studies of
a  physician.   In  the   earlier  English writers,
Astronomer is often used  in the sense of  Astro-
loger.
  ASYSTOLIE, from  a. privative, and avaroXn,
'systole.  A name  given by M. Beau to a perioo,
in diseases of the heart, in which  the  systole  is
incomplete ; or, at  least, is insufficient to free the
ventricles from the blood in them.
  ASTRUTHIUM, Imperatoria.
  ASTYPHIA, Impotence.
  ASTYSIA, Impotence.
  ASUAR, Myrobalanus Indiea.
  ASULCI, Lapis  lazuli.
  A SY NO 111 A, Impotence.
  ATACTOS, Erratic
  ATARACTAPOIE'SIA, Ataractopoe'sia-, from
a, privative, rapaKros, 'troubled,' and  itoteiv, 'to
make.'  Intrepidity, firmness; a quality of  which,
according to Hippocrates, the physician ought to
be  possessed in the highest degree.
   ATARAX'IA, from  a, privative, and rapa^t,-,
'trouble,'  'emotion.'  Moral  tranquillity, peace
of  mind.
   AT'AVISM. Atavisrn'us, from atavus, 'an old
grandsire or ancestor  indefinitely.' Tbe case in
which an anomaly or disease, existing in a family, 
ATAXIA
104
ATLAS
is lost in one generation and reappears in the
following.
  ATAX'IA, from a, privative, and ra^ts, 'order.'
Disorder, irregularity.  Hippocrates employs the
word  in  its most extensive acceptation.  Galen
applies  it,  especially, to  irregularity of pulse;
and Sydenham speaks of Ataxia Spirituum  for
disorder of the  nervous  system.  Ataxia, now,
usually means the state  of disorder that charac-
terizes nervous fevers, and the nervous condition.
  Ataxia  Spirituum, Nervous diathesis.  See
Ataxia.
  ATAX'IC, Atax'icus;  same etymon.  Having
the characters of ataxia.
  ATCHAR, A'chia, Achar.  A condiment used
in India.  It is formed of green fruits of various
kinds — garlic, ginger, mustard, and pimento —
pickled in  vinegar.
  ATECNIA, Sterilitas.
  ATELECTASIS,  Atelectasis,  from  areXns,
'imperfect,' 'defective,'  and eKraats, 'dilatation.'
Imperfect  expansion or dilatation ; as in
  Atelectasis  Pulmo'num, Pneumonatelee'ta-
sis, Pnenmatelec'tasis.   Imperfect expansion  of
the lungs  at birth, giving rise to Cyano'sis pul-
mona'lis.   A similar  condition is  observed in
lungs which have received air, and in a  distinctly
lobular  form.  This is  regarded  by Dr. AV. T.
 Gairdner as,  in  all  probability, a secondary le-
 sion, and dependent, in the majority of instances,
 on a catarrhal condition of the bronchial  tubes.
 It is called, by  him, pulmonary collapse, or col-
 lapse of the  lung, and  has received the name
 apneumato'sis from Fuchs.
   AT'ELES,  areXns,   'imperfect,'   'defective.'
 Hence
   ATEL'IA, (F.) Atelie. A monstrosity in which
 there is a  want  of some  members.
   ATELOCIIEI'LIA, from areXns,  'imperfect,'
 and  xeiAoj, 'lip.'  A malformation which consists
 in an imperfect development of the  lip.
   ATELOENCEPIIAL'IA, from anXns, 'imper-
 fect,' and  eyxetpaXov, 'the encephalon.'  State of
 imperfect  development of the brain.—Andral.
   ATELOGLOS'SIA, from areXns,  'imperfect,'
 and  yXuraaa, 'tongue.'   A  malformation  which
 consists in an  imperfect  development  of the
 tongue.
   ATELOGNATHIA,  from areXns, 'imperfect,'
 and  yvados,  'the jaw.'   A malformation which
 consists in an imperfect development of the  jaw.
   ATELOMYEL'IA, from areXns,  'imperfect,'
 and  pveXos, 'marrow.'   State of imperfect deve-
 lopment of the spinal marrow.—Beclard.
   ATELOPROSO'PIA,  from  areXns, 'imperfect/
 and  xpoourrrov, 'the  face.'  A malformation which
 consists in imperfect development of the face.
   ATELORACHIDIA, Hydrorachis.
   A T E L 0 S T 0 M T A, from areXns, 'imperfect,'
 and oroua,  'mouth.'   One  whose mouth is im-
 perfectly  developed.
   ATER SUCCUS, Atrabilis.
    ATIIAMANTA,  from Athamas, a place  in
 Thessaly.  A genus of  plants.
   Athamanta  Annua,  A. Cretensis.
    Athaman'ta   Aureoseli'num,   Oreoseli'num,
  0. leqit'imurn seu nigrum, Sell num oreoseli'num,
 Peiiced'anum oreoseli'num,  Apium monta'num,
 Black  Mountain Parsley,  (F.) Persil de Jlon-
 tagne; Ord. Umbelliferae.  The plant, seed, and
 roots,  are  aromatic   It has been  considered
 attenuant, aperient, deobstruent, and lithontriptic
 The distilled oil has been used in toothache.
    Athaman'ta Creten'sis seu Cre'tica, A. an'-
 ima, Libano'tis annua seu Creten'sis seu hirsu'ta,
 Daueus Creticus seu Candia'nus, Myrrhis an'nua,
  Candy Carrot.  The seeds of this plant are acrid
and aromatic.  They have been used as carmina-
tives and diuretics.
  Athamanta  Macedonica,  Bubon Macedoni-
cum—a. Meum, iEthusa meum.
  ATHANASIA, Tanacetum.
  Athana'sia,  from  a, privative,  and  S-nvaros,
'death.'  An antidote for diseases  of  the liver,
jaundice,  gravel,  &c.  It consisted of saffron,
cinnamon,  lavender, cassia, myrrh, juncus odo-
ratus, honey, &c, and was esteemed to be sudo-
rific.
  ATHARA, Athera.
  ATHELAS'MUS, from a,  privative, and OnXn,
'a breast or nipple.'   Impracticability of giving
suck; from want of nipple or otherwise.
  ATHELXIS, Sucking.
  ATH E'NA.  Name of a plaster, recommended
by Aselepiades, and composed of oxide of topper,
sublimed oxide of zinc, sal ammoniac, verdigris,
gall nuts, and a variety of resinous and other in-
gredients.—Oribasius, Aetius, and P. /Egineta.
  ATHENIO'NIS CATAPOTTU.M.  A pill,
composed  of myrrh,  pepper, castor, and  opium;
used to allay coughing.—Celsus.
  ATHE'RA, Atlulra, from  a6vp, 'an  ear  of
corn.'   A kind of pap for children; also, a kind
of liniment.—Dioscorides, Pliny.
   ATHERAPEUTUS, Incurable.
   ATHERO'MA, from a$npa, 'pap or pulp,' Em-
 phy'ma encys'tis tithero'ma, Mollus'cum, Pulta'tio.
A  tumour formed  by a  cyst containing mattei
like pap or Bouillie, or plaster.
   ATHEROMATOUS, Atheromato'des.   Having
 the nature of Atheroma.
   ATHLETA,  from  aSXos,  'combat'  Athlete,
 (F.) Athlete.  Athletic were men who  exercised
 themselves in  combat at the public festivals.—
 Vitruvius.
   ATHLET'IC, Athlet'icus, (F.) Athletique ; con-
 cerning Athleta.   Strong  in  muscular powers.—
 Foesius.
   ATHOL PORRIDGE, see Mahogany.
   ATHORACOCEPHALUS, Aeephalogaster.
   ATHRIX, At'rich us,   Calvus,   (F.)  Chauve;
 from a, privative,  and Opt!;, toi^os, 'hair.'   Bald,
 (Sc.) Beld, Bellit.   One who has lost his hair.
   Athrix Depilis, Alopecia.
   ATHYMTA, An'imi defiec'tus et anxi'etas seu
 demis'sio, Tristil'ia,  Maror, Lype, from a, priv.,
 and Sv^os, 'heart,'  'courage'  Despondency. The
 prostration of spirits often observable in the sick.
 — Hippocrates.   Melancholy. — Swediaur. See
 Panophobia.
    Athymia Pleonectica, see Pleonectica.
    ATHYRION, Asplenium ceterach.
    ATHYRIUM FILIX  FCEMINA,  Asplenium
 filix foemina—a. Filix mas, Polypodium filix mas
 —a. Molle, Asplenium filix foemina—a. Ovatum,
 Asplenium filix foemina—a. Trifidum, Asplenium
 filix foemina.
    ATLANTAD, see Atlantal.
    ATLANTAL;  same etymon as Atlas.  Rela-
 ting or appertaining to the atlas.
    Atlantal Aspect.   An  aspect towards  the
 region where the atlas  is  situated. — Barclay.
 Atlantad  is used  by the same writer to signify
 'towards  the atlantal aspect.'
    Atlantal Extremities.   The upper limbs.
    ATLANTION,  Atlas.
    ATLAS,  Atlan'tion, Astrag'alus, from  arXaor,
 'I sustain.'  The  first cervical  ver'tebra;  so
 called from its supporting the whole weight of
 the head, as Atlas is  said to have supported the
 globe  on his  shoulders.  Chaussier calls it  At-
  loitle.   This vertebra in  no respect resembles the
  others.  It is a kind of irregular ring, into which,
  anteriorly,  the processus dentatiis of  the second
  vertebra  is received. Posteriorly, it gives  pas-
  sage to the medulla spinalis. 
ATLODTDYMUS             105        ATRIPLEX  FCETIDA
  ATLODID'YMUS, Atlod'ymus, (F.) Atlodyme;
from  Atlas, 'the  first  bone of  the  neck,' and
hihvpos,  'a twin.'   A monster which  is  simple
below  and  double  above.  M.  Isid.  Geoffroy
Saint-IIilairo  applies this term  to a  monster,
which has a single body, with two distinct heads
supported on one neck.
  AT LOT I >E, Atlas.
  A T L 0 I D ' 0 - AXOID, (F.) Atlordo-axouUen.
Relating to both the Atlas and the Axis or Ver-
tebra Dentata,
  Atloido-axoid  Articulation.  The articula-
tion between the first two cervical vertebrae.
  Atloido-axoid  Lig'aments.   These are two
in  number; one anterior and another posterior,
passing between the two vertebrae.
  ATLOID'O-OCCIP'ITAL.   Relating  to the
atlas and  occiput.   The Atlcrido-occip' ital Arti-
cula'tion  is formed by  the condyles of the occi-
pital bone and  the superior articular surfaces of
the Atlas.  The Atloido-occipital muscle is the
Rectus capitis posticus  minor.
   A TL 0 ID O-SO US- MA S TO I DTE N,  Obliquus
superior oculi—a. Sous-occipitale, Rectus capitis
lateralis.
   ATMIATRI'A, Atmidialrice,  from arpos, 'va-
pour,' and tarpeta, 'treatment.'  Treatment of
diseases by fumigation.
   AT.MrOIATRICE, Atmiatria.
   ATMLSTERIQX, Vaporarium.
   AT.MOS, Breath.
   ATMOSPHERE, Atmospha'ra,  from  ar,,os,
 'vapour,'  and  otpatpa,  'a sphere;'—-as  it  were,
 Sphere of vapours.   The atmosphere is a  sphe-
rical mass of  air,  surrounding the earth in every
part; the height of which is  estimated at 15 or
 1G  leagues.  It presses  on the surface of  the
 earth, and this  pressure has, necessarily, sensible
 effects  on organized bodies.  The surface of  the
 human body being reckoned at 15 square feet, it
 is  computed that a pressure of 33,000 pounds or
 more exists under ordinary circumstances; and
 this  pressure cannot be increased  or diminished
 materially, without modifying the circulation and
 all the  functions.
   ATMOSPHERTZATION, Hoematosis.
   ATOCIA, Sterilitas.
   ATOL'.MIA,  from a, priv., and roXpa, 'confi-
 dence.'   Want  of confidence;  discouragement.
 A  state of mind  unfavorable  to health,  and  in-
 jurious in  disease.  It is the antithesis of Eu-
 tolmia.
   ATOMY, Skeleton.
   ATONIA, Atony—a. Ventriculi,  Gasterasthe-
 nia.
   AT'ONIC, Aton'icus, (F.) Atonique.  Wanting
 tone.   Same etymon as the next.  Also,  a medi-
 cine capable  of allaying  organic excitement or
 irritation.—SchwilguS.
   AT'ONY, Aton'ia, Infir'mitas  et Remis'sio vl-
 rium, Languor,  Lax'itas, from a,  priv., and  rovos,
 'tone,'  'force.'   Want of  tone.   Weakness of
 every organ,  and particularly of those  that  are
 contractile.  Violent gastritis has been described
 by  Scribonius  Largus under a similar name,
 Krovov, Af'onon.
   ATRABIL'IARY, Atrabilious, Atrabifia'ris,
 Atrabi/io'sns, (F.) Atrabi/aire, Atrabileux, from
 ater, 'black,'  and bill's, 'bile.'  An epithet given
 by tbe ancients  to the melancholic and hypo-
 chondriac,  because they  believed the Atrabilis
to  predominate  in such.
   Atrabiliarv Capsules, Arteries and Veins.
 The  renal capsules, arteries and v^ins: the for-
mation of  Atrabilis having been attributed to
 them.
   ATRABI'LIS.  same  etymon. Ater succns,
Black  Bile  or  melancholy,  (F.) Atrabile.  Ac-
cording  to  the  ancients, a  thick, black, acrid
humour, secreted, in the opinion of some, by the
pancreas; in that of others, by the supra-renal
capsules.  Hippocrates, Galen, Aetius, and others,
ascribe great influence  to the Atrabilis  in  the
production  of hypochondriasis, melancholy, and
mania.  There  is really no such  humour.   It
was an imaginary creation.—Aretaeus, Rufus of
Ephesus, &c.
   ATRACHE'LOCEPH'ALUS, from  a,  priv.,
rpaxvXos, 'neck,' and KeipaXn, 'head.'  A monster
whose neck is partially  or wholly deficient.
   ATRACHE'LUS.  Same etymon. One who is
very short-necked.—Galen.
   AT R ACT Y LIS   GUMMIF'ERA,  Car'duns
pi'uens, Ixi'ue,   Gummy-rooted Atractylis, Pine
 Thistle.   Orel.   Compositae.    The  root,  when
wounded,  yields a  milky,   viscid  juice, which
concretes into tenacious masses, and is  said to
be ehewed with  the same views as mastich.
   ATRAGEXE, Clematis vitalba.
   ATRAMENTUM, A. Suto'rium, Ink, Chalcan'-
thum,  (F.) Encre.  It has been advised as an as-
tringent, and as an external application in her-
petic affections.
   Atramentum Sutorium, Ferri sulphas.
   ATRE'SIA, (F.) Atresie, Adherence, Iinperfo-
 ration.  Same etymon as Atretus.  See Monster.
   Atre'sia Ani Adna'ta,  Anus  Imperforatus,
 Imperfiora'tio ani,  Atretocys'ia, (F.) Imperfora-
 tion de  lanus.   Congenital  imperforation of the
 intestinal canal.
   ATRETELYTRIA, Colpatresia.
   ATRET1SMUS, Imperforation.
   ATRETOCEPH'ALUS, from arpnros,  'imper-
 forate,' and Ki^'iaXn, 'head.'   A monster, in which
 some  of the natural apertures  of  the head are
 wanting.—Gurlt.
   ATRETOCOR'MUS,  from arpnros, 'imperfo-
 rate, and  Koppos, ' trunk.'   A monster in which
 the natural apertures of the trunk are wanting.—
 Gurlt.
   ATRETOCYSIA. Atresia ani.
   ATRETOMETRIA,  Hvsteratresia.
   ATRETOPSIA, Coreclisis.
   ATRETOSTOMTA,  from arpnros, 'imperfo-
 rate,' and aropa, 'mouth.'   Imperforation of the
 mouth.
   ATRETURETHRIA, from arpnros, 'imperfo-
 rate,' and  ovpndpa, 'urethra.'  Imperforation of
 the urethra.
   ATRETUS,  from a, priv.,  and rpaor,  'I per-
 forate.'  Imperforatus, Imperforate.  One whose
 anus, or  parts  of  generation, are imperforate
 (aproc'tus).
   ATRIA, Auricles of the heart—a. Mortis, seo
 Death.
   AT'RICES.  Small tumours, which appear oc-
 casionally around the anus.  Some commentators
 consider the word to be synonymous with con-
 dylomata.—Forestus.
   ATRICHIA, Alopecia—a. Adnata, see Alope-
 cia—a.  Senilis,  see Alopecia.
   ATR1CHUS, Athrix.
   AT'RICI.  Small sinuses  in the  vicinity of the
 anus, not penetrating the rectum.
   ATRIO-VENTRICULAR, Auriculo-ventricu-
 lar.
   ATRIPLEX FCETIDA, Chenopodium vulvaria.
   Atriplex  Horten'sis, A.  Sati'va,  (F.) Ar-
 roche, Bonne Dame,  Fo/lette.  Ord. Chenopodia-
 ceae.  The herb and  seed of this plant have been
 exhibited as antiscorbutics.
   At'riplcx alitnus, A.  Portulaco'i'des,  and A.
 Palitla, are used  as pickles, and  have similar
 properties.
   Atriplex Laciniata. A. patula—a. Mexicans,
 Chenopodium ambrosoides — a. Odorata, Cheno-
i! podium botrys—a. Olida, Chenopodium vulvaria. 
ATRIUM CORDIS  DEXTER     106
ATTRITION
   Atriplex  Pat'ula,  A. lacinia'ta  seu Pnr-
 shia'na, Spreading Ocache; indigenous; Family,
 Chenopodiaceas.   The expressed juice is  said to
 be cathartic.   It has been used, in place of gam-
 boge, in dropsy and asthma.
   Atriplex Purshiana, A. patula.
   ATRIUM  CORDIS DEXTER, Sinus  dexter
 cordis — a. Cordis sinistrum, Sinus pulmonalis —
 a. Vagina?, Vestibulum.
   AT'ROPA,  from  Arporros, 'immutable,'  'the
 goddess  of  destiny;'  so called  from its fatal
 effects.
   Atropa Belladon'na, Belladon'na, B.  bac-
 cif'era  seu t.richoloma., Deadly Nightshade, Com-
 mon  Dwale,   (Sc) Mekilwort,  Sola'num  leth.a'le
 seu horten'se nigrum,  Sola'num manlacnm  seu
 fiiirio'surn seu  mclanocer'asus,  (F.)  Belladone,
 Morelle fiuriense,  Belle Dame.   Orel. Solanaceae.
 Sex. Syst. Tetrandria Monogynia.  The leaves—
 Belladonna (Ph. U. S.)—are powerfully narcotic,
 and also diaphoretic, and diuretic.    They  are
 occasionally  used where narcotics are indicated.
 Sprinkling the  powdered  leaves over  cancerous
 sores has been found to allay the pain ; and  the
 leaves form a good poultice.  Dose, gr. J to gr. j
 of  the powdered leaves.
   Atropa Mandrag'ora, Mandrag'ora, .If.  ver-
 na'lt's seu officina'lis seu acau'/is, Circa'a, Antltro-
 pomorpllus,  Malum  terres'tre, Mandrake.  The
 boiled root has been used in the form of poultice
 to indolent swellings.
   ATROPHIA, Atrophy,  Tabes —a.  Ablactato-
 rura, Brash,  weaning—a. Cerebri, Phrenatrophia
 ■—a. Cordis, Heart, atrophy of the—a. Glandula-
 ris, Tabes mesenterica — a. Hepatis,  Hepatatro-
 phia — a. Infantum. Paedatrophia, Tabes  mesen-
 terica—a. Iutestinoruin, Enteratrophia.   ,
  Atrophia  Lactan'tium, Tabes nutri'cum seu
 lac'tea.  The atrophy of nursing women.
  Atrophia  Liunis,  Splenatrophia — a. Mesen-
 terica, Tabes mesenterica—a. Testicnli, Orchida-
 trophia—a, Unguium, Onychatrophia.
  A TR0PHIE, Atrophy—a. Misentirique, Tabes
 mesenterica,
  ATROPHIE  MUSCULAIRE  PROGRES-
 SIVE,  Paralysie muxcitlaire atraphique, Atrophic,
 musculaire primitive  ou  idioputhique On  avec
 transformation graisseuse.  A rare malady, in
 which the muscles become so  greatly atrophied
 that thev cannot perform their functions.
  ATROPHIED, see Atrophy.
  AT'ROPHY, Maras'mus Atro'phia,  Atro'phia
 Maras'mus,  Maran'sis, Ma'cies,  Contabescen'tia,
 Tabes,  Marco'res,  Analo'sis,  from a,  privative,
 and rpoipn, 'nourishment.'  (F.) Atropine, Des-
 sechement. Defective nutrition, Hi/polrophy. Pro-
 gressive and  morbid diminution in the bulk  of
 the whole body or of a  part.  Atrophy is gene-
 rally  symptomatic.  Any  tissue  or organ thus
 affected is said to be alr-ophied.
  Atrophy of the Heart, see  Heart, atrophy
 of the.
  ATROPIA, Atropine—a. Sulphate of, Atropiae
 sulphas.
  ATROP'LE SULPHAS, Sulphate of Atrop'ia
 (Ph. L.).  Formed by dissolving atropia in dilute
 sulphuric acid;  evaporating, and  crystallizing.
 Virtues, the same as those of Atropia.
  AT'ROPINE, Atropi'na, Atrop'ia, Atrop'ium,
 Atroplnum,  llelladon'nin,  (F.) Atropine.  Tbe
 active principle of Atropa  Relladonna, separated
 by Brandes, by a process  similar to that for pro-
 curing morphia.  A single drop of a solution, of
 one  grain in  f 5>'v of  distilled  witter with  a
 few drops of  acetic acid,  applied  to  the  inner
 surface  of the lower eyelid, causes  dilatation  of
 the pupil, in fifteen or twenty minutes.  A grain
to a drachm  of lard is  an application in neu-
ralgia.
|   ATTACHE, Insertion.
   ATTACK, Insulins, Assultus, Trrep'tio, Inrel.
 sio, Eis'bole, Lepsis, (Prov.)  Take, (F.) Antique.
 A sudden attack, invasion  or onset of a disease.
 A seizure.   One attacked or affected  with severe
 disease is often said, in the United States, to be
 "taken down," or to be "down" with  it.
   ATTAGAS, Attagen.
   AT'TAGEX, At'tagas, the  Fran'colin.  Cele-
 brated with the ancients both as  food and medi-
 cine.— Martial. Aristophanes.
   ATTANCOURT, MINERAL WATERS  OF.
 A mineral water in  France, at   Attancouit, in
 Champagne; about three leagues north of Join-
 ville.   The water is a chalybeate, and contains
I sulphate of lime.  In large doses it is purgative
I   ATTAQUE, Attack — a. des Nerf's, Nervous
 attack.
   ATTAR OF ROSES,  see Rosa  centifolia.
   ATTELLE, Splint.
   ATTENOTING,  MINERAL WATERS  OF,
 in Bavaria.   The water  contains  carbonic acid,
 carhonates of lime  and  soda, sulphates of lime
 and magnesia, chloride of sodium, iron and alum.
 It is much used  in  skin  diseases,  fistula,  old ul-
 cers, calculi, and haemorrhoids.
   AITEN'UANTS, Attenuau'tia, Leptun'ticn,
 (F.) Affirmants, Leptontiques, from tennis, ' thin.'
 Medicines which augment  the fluidity  of  the
 humours.
   ATTENUATION, Attenna'tio; same etymon.
 Thinness, emaciation.  A term used  by the  ho-
 moeopathists, in the sense of dilution  or division
 of remedies into infinitesimal doses.
   ATT!RANT,  Attrahent,
   ATTITUDE,  Situs  Cor'poris.   Low  Latin,
 trptitudo ; from Latin aptare, 'to fit.'   Situation,
 position of the body.   The attitudes are the  dif-
 ferent postures which man  is capable  of assum-
 ing.  In  General Pathology,  the  attitude will
 often enable the physician to pronounce at once
 upon the character of a disease, or it, will aid Lira
 materially in his judgment. In St. Vitus's dance,
 in fractures, luxations,  &c, it is the great  index.
 It will also indicate the degree of nervous or
 cerebral power;  hence sinking down  in  bed is
 an evidence of great cerebral debility in fever.
 The position of a patient during an operation is
 also an interesting  subject of attention  to  the
 surgeon.
   ATTOL'LENS AUREM, A. Auric'ula,  Leva'.
 tor Auris, Supe'rior  Auris, Attollens Auric'ulam,
 Auricula'ris supe'rior, (F.) Auriculaire siipirienr,
 Temporo-auriculaire.  A muscle of the ear, which
 arises,  thin,  broad,  and  tendinous,   from  the
 tendon of the  occipito-frontalis, and  is inserted
into the upper part of the ear, opposite  to  the
anti-helix.  It raises the ear.
   Attollens  Oculi, Rectus  superior  oculi —a,
Oculum, Rectus superior oculi.
   A TTOUCIIEMENT, Masturbation.
 _  ATTRACTION OF  AGGREGATION, Cohe-
sion, force of.
   ATTRACTIYUM, see Magnet.
   ATTRACTIVUS, Attrahent.
   ATTRACTORIUS. Attrahent.
   ATTRAHENS AURICULAM, Anterior auris.
  ATTRAHENT,  Altrahens, Attract!'vus,  At-
tracto'rius,  from  ad, 'to,'  and tr-aho,  'I  draw.'
(F.) Attractifi, Attirant.  Remedies are so  called,
which  attract fluids to the parts  to which tliey
are applied, as  blisters,  rubefacients, &c
  ATTRAPE-LOURDAUT (P.).  A  bistoury
invented by a French surgeon, called  Biennaise,
and  used  in  the  operation for hernia.   See Bis-
touri cache.
  ATTRITA, Chafing.
  ATTRITIO. Attrition, Chafing.
  ATTRIT"ION, Attrl'tio,  Ecthlim'ma, from 
ATTRITUS
107
AURANTIUM
ad, and tercrc, ' to bruise.'  Friction or bruising.
Chafing.—Galen.  Also, a kind of cardialgia.—
Sennertus.  Likewise, a violent contusion.
  ATTRITUS, Chafing.
  ATYP'IC, Atyp'icus,  At'ypos, (F.)  Atypique,
from n, privative, and ruiros, 'type.'  That which
has no  type.   Irregular.  Chiefly applied to an
irregular intermittent,—Febris atyp'ica.
  ATYPOS, Erratic.
  A U AN SIS, Drying.
  AUAX'TE,  Anap'se, from  avavats, 'desicca-
tion.'   Hippocrates  gave this name to a disease,
the principal symptom of which was emaciation.
Atrophy.
   AURE-VTGNE, Clematis vitalba.
   A I 'REPINE, Mespilus oxvacantha.
   AUBERGINE, Solanum Melongena.
   A UBIFOIN, Centaurea cyanus, Cyanus sege-
tum.
   AUCIIEN, Collum.
   AUCHENORRHEUMA. Torticollis.
   AUCHE'TICUS, from avxvv, 'the neck.'  One
 affected with  stiff neck or torticollis.
   AUCTUMNUS, Autumn.
   AUDE, Voice.
   AUDIXAC, MINERAL WATERS  OF.  Au-
 dinac is  situate in  the department  of Arricge.
 France.  The water  contains a small quantity
 of sulphohydric acid, carbonic acid, sulphates of
 lime and magnesia, carbonates of lime and iron,
 and a bituminous substance.   Temp. 67° Fahr.
 It is much used in  chronic rheumatism, herpes,
 scrofulous diseases, &c.
   AUDITIF, Auditory.
   AUDIT"I0N, from audire, auditum, 'tohear ;'
 Audit"io, Audltus, A'cot?, Acoe'sis, Acu'sis, (F.)
 Ou'ie, Hearing.  The act of  hearing.  The  sen-
 sation arising from  an impression  made on the
 auditory nerves by  the vibrations of the air, pro-
 duced by a sonorous body.  The physiology  of
 Audition is obscure.  It probably takes place:—
 1. By the  vibrations being communicated from
 the membrana tyinpani along the chain of small
 bones  to the  membrane of  the  foramen ovale.
 2. By means of the  air in the cavity of the tym-
 panum, the membrane  of the foramen rotundum
 is agitated.  3.  The  transmission may be made
 by means of the  bony.parietes.  In  these three
 ways the vibrations produced by a sonorous body
 may reach the auditory nerve. Audition may  be
 active or passive : hence the difference between
 listening and simply hearing.
   AU'DITORY,  Audito'rius, Auditi'rus, Acus'-
 ticus, (F.)  Audit if.  That which  relates  to audi-
 tion.
    Auditory Arteries and Veins,  are  vessels
 which enter the auditory  canals, and are, like
 them, distinguished into internal  and external.
 The external auditory artery.  A. Tympanique—
 (Ch.) is given off by the styloid,  a branch of the
 external carotid : the internal is a branch of the
 basilary artery, which accompanies the auditory
 nerve, and is distributed to it.   The Auditory
  Veins empty into the internal and external ju-
 gulars.
    Auditory Canal, External, Mea'tus audito'-
 rius exter'nns, Alvea'rium, Scnpha.  Scaphus, (F.)
  Conduit  autlitifi  externe, Conduit  auriculttire,
 commences at the bottom of the concha, at the
 Fora'men  auditlvnm  exter'nurn,  passes inwards,
 forwards, and a little downwards, and terminates
 at the membrana  tyinpani.   It is partly cartila-
 ginous, partly osseous, and partly fibrous.
    Auditory Canal, Internal, Jlcn'tus audito'-
 rius inter'nns, Poms sen Sinus acus'ticus, Cyar,
 (F ) Conduit  auditif interne. C. labyrinthique, is
 situate on the posterior surface  of the  pars pe-
 trosa of the temporal bone.  From the torn men
 auditi'vum inter'uum,  where  it commences, it
 passes forwards  and outwards, and terminates
 by a kind of cul-de-sac, mac'ula cribro'sa, perfo-
I rated by  many holes, one of which is the  orifice
| of the Aquaeductus Fallopii; and the others coni-
[ municate with the labyrinth.
   Auditory Nerve, A'ervus audito'rius seu acus'-
 ticus, Nerf labyrinthique — (Ch.), is the Portio
 Mollis of the seventh  pair.  It arises  from tbe
 corpus restiforme, from the floor of the  fourth
 ventricle, and by means of white striae from the
 sides of the calamus scriptorius. As it leaves the
 encephalon, it forms  a flattened  cord, and pro-
 ceeds with the  facial nerve through the foramen
 auditivum internum, and as far as the bottom of
 the meatus, where  it separates from  the facial,
 and divides into  two branches, one going to the
 cochlea,  the cochlear; the other to the vestibule
 and semi-circular canals, the vestibular.
   AUGE, Alveus.  Some of the older anatomists
 gave this name to a reservoir, into which liquids
 flow in an interrupted manner, so that it is alter-
 nately full and  empty.  Such  are the ventricles
 and auricles of the heart.
   AUGGERE, Intermittent Fever.
   AUGMENTATION, from attgere, auctum,  'to
 increase;' Angmen'tum, Incremen'tum, Auab'asis,
 I Auc'tio,  Auxis,  Progres'sio,  Progres'sus,  Auxe'-
 sis, (F.)  Augment.   The  stage of  a disease  in
 which the symptoms go on increasing.
   AULISCUS, Canula,  See Fistula,
   AULOS, Canula,  Fistula.   See  Yagina, and
 Foramen.
   AUMALE, MINERAL WATERS OF.  Au-
 male is a town of Upper Normandy, in the coun-
 try of  Caux.   Several  springs  of ferruginous
 mineral  waters are found  there, whose odour is
 penetrating, and   taste rough and  astringent.
 They are tonic, and employed in debility of  the
 viscera,  &c.
   AUMURE, Parietaria.
   AUNE NOIRE, Rhamnus frangula.
    AUNEE, Inula  helenium — a.  Dysentirique,
 Inula dysenterica—a. Officinale, Inula helenium.
    AURA, Piioi:.  A  vapour or emanation from
  any  body, surrounding it like an  atmosphere.
  Van Helmont  regarded the vital principle as  a
  gas and volatile spirit, which he called Aura
  vitalis.
    In Pathology, Aura means  the sensation of a
  light  vapour,  which, in  some diseases,  appears
  to  set out from the trunk  or limbs : and  to rise
  towards the head.  This feeling lias been found
  to  precede attacks  of epilepsy and  hysteria, and
  hence it has been called  Aura Epilep'tica, and
  A. hyster'ica.
    Aura Epileptica, see Aura—a. Hysterica, see
  Aura.
    Aura San'guixis.  The odour exhaled by blood
  newly drawn.   See Gaz Sanguinis.
    Aura Sem'inis,  A. semina'lis, Spir'itus geni-
  talis : — A volatile principle fancied  to  exist in
  the sperm, and regarded by some  as the  fecun-
  dating agent.  Such is not the case.
    Aura Vitalis, Vital principle.
    AURAL  MEDICINE  AND  SURGERY,
  Otiatria.
    AURANCUM, see Ovum.
    A URANITE, see Agaric.
     AURANTIA CURASSAVENTIA, A.  Curas-
  sctv'ica, Curasso'a apples or  oranges.   Immature
  oranges, checked,  by accident, in  their growth.
  They are a grateful, aromatic bitter, devoid of
  acidity.  Infused in wine or brandy they make a
  good stomachic.   They  are  also used for issue
  peas.  See Citrus aurantium.
     AURANTII CORTEX, see Citrus  aurantium
  —a. Floris Aqua, see Citrus aurantium.
     AURANTIUM, Citrus aurantium. 
AURELIANA  CANADENSIS    10
8
AUTEMESIA
  AURELIANA CANADENSIS, Panax quin-
quefolium.
  AUREOLA, Areola.
  AURI  CHLORETUM  CUM  CHLORETO
NATRII, see Gold—a. Chloridum, Gold, muriate
of—a. Chloretum, Gold, muriate of—a. Cyanidum,
see Gold—a. Cyanuretum, see Gold—a. lodidum,
see Gold — a. Ioduretum, see Gold — a. et Natri
chloruretum, see Gold—a. Murias, Gold, muriate
of—a. Nitro-murias, see Gold — a. Oxidum,  see
Gold — a. Terchloridum,  see Gold — a.  Tercyani-
dum, see Gold—a. Teroxidum, see Gold.
  AURICIIALCUM,  Brass.
  AURICLE, Auric'itla, (F.) Auricule, Oricule.
Diminutive  of auris,  an ear.  The  pavilion of
the ear.  See Pavilion.
  Auricles of  the  Heart, Auric'itla, A'tria,
Cavita'tes innomina'ta, (F.) Oreillettes, are two
cavities, one right, the other left, each communi-
cating with  the ventricle of its side.  These two
cavities receive the blood from every part of the
body.  Into the right auricle, the two venae cavae
and coronary vein open : into the left, the  four
pulmonary veins.  Chaussier calls the former the
Sinus of the Vena Cava: — the  latter,  the Sinus
of the  Pulmonary Veins.  The foliated or dog's
ear portion  of each auricle  is called Appen'dix
auric'ula.   See Sinus.
  Auricula Judjs, Peziza auricula — a, Muris,
Hieracium  Pilosella—a. Muris major, Hieracium
murorum.
  AURICULAIRE, Auricular, see Digitus —a.
Postirieur, Retrahens auris—a. JSupirieur, Attol-
lens aurera.
  AURICULAR, Auricula'ris,  Oric'ular,  (F.)
Auriculaire, from auricula, 'the  ear.'   That
which  belongs to  the ear, especially to the  ex-
ternal ear.
  Auric'ular  Ar'terif.s  and   Veins,  Oricu-
laires—(Ch.), are divided into anterior and  jjos-
terior.   The anterior are of indeterminate num-
ber. They  arise  from the temporal artery, and
are distributed to the meatus auditorius externus,
and to the  pavilion  of the ear.   The posterior
auricular is given off by the external carotid,
from which  it separates in the substance  of the
parotid gland. When it reaches the inferior part
of the  pavilion of the  ear it bifurcates; one of its
branches being  distributed to the inner surface
of the  pavilion,  the other passing over the mas-
toid process, and being distributed to the tempo-
ral and posterior  auris muscles, &c.   Before its
bifurcation  it gives off the stylo-mastoid artery.
The Anterior and Posterior Auricular Veins open
into the temporal and external jugular.
  Auricular  Finger, (F.) Doigt auriculaire, is
the little finger, so called because, owing to its
size, it can be more readily introduced into  the
meatus auditorius.
  Auricular  Nerves are several.  1. The au-
ricular branch,  Zygomato-auricular, is  one of
the ascending branches  of the  cervical plexus.
It ramifies aud spreads over the two surfaces of
the  pavilion.   2.  The  auricular  or superficial,
temporal, Temporal-cutaneous—(Ch.), is given off
from the inferior maxillary.   It ascends between
the condyle of the jaw and the meatus auditorius
externus, sends numerous filaments to the meatus
and pavilion, and  divides into two twigs, which
accompany  the branches of the temporal artery,
and are  distributed to  the  integuments of  the
head.  There  is also  a posterior  auricular fur-
nished bv the facial.
  AURICULARIA SAMBUCI,  Peziza auricula.
  AURICULARIS ANTERIOR, Anterior auris
-—a. Superior, Attollens aurem.
  AURICULE,  Auricle, Pavilion  of the ear.
  AURICULO-VENTRICULAR,  A'trio-ven-
tric'ular, A'trio-ventricula'ris,  Auric'ulo-ventri-
cula'ris, (F.)Auriculo-vcntriculaire.  That which
belongs to the auricles and ventricles of the heart.
The  communications between  the auricles and
ventricles are so called.   The Tricuspid and Mi-
tral  Valves are  auriculo-ventricular valves.
  AURI'GA.   A species of bandage for the ribs,
described by Galen.  See, also, Liver.
  AURIGO, Icterus — a. Ncophytorum, Icterus
Infantum.
  AURIPIGMENTUM, Orpiment—a. Rubrum,
Realgar.
  AURIS, Ear.
  AURISCALPIUM, Earpick.
  AURISCOP'IUM, Au'riscope, from auris, 'the
ear,' and o-kottcw, T view.'  An  instrument for
exploring the ear.
  AURIST, Otia'ter, Otia'trus, Ear-doctor, Ear-
surgeon; from  auris, 'the  ear.'   One who  occu-
pies  himself chiefly  with the diseases of the  ear
and their treatment.
  AURIUM FLUCTUATIO, Bombus — a. Mar-
morata, Cerumen—a. Sibilus, Bombus—a.  Soni-
tus, Bombus—a. Sordes, Cerumen—a. Susurrus,
Bombus.
  A  UR 0 NE,  Artemisia abrotanum — a.  des
Champs, Artemisia campestris—a. des Jardins,
Artemisia abrotanum — a. Male, Artemisia abro-
tanum.
  AURUGO, Icterus.
  AURUM, Gold —a. Chloratum,  Gold, mu-
riate of—a. Chloratum natronatum, see Gold—a.
Foliatum, Gold leaf—a, in  Libellis, Gold leaf—a.
Leprosum, Antimonium — a. Limatum, see Gold
—a.  Muriaticum, see  Gold—a, Muriaticum natro-
natum, see Gold.
  Aurum Musi'vum, Aurum Mosa'icum, Sulph'-
uret  of Tin, Deutositlphuret or Persulphuret of
tin.   (Quicksilver, tin, sulphur,  sal  ammoniac,
aa, equal parts.  The tin  being first melted,  the
quicksilver is poured into it, and then  the whole
are ground together,  and sublimed in a bolthead.
The  aurum  musivum lies at the  bottom.)  It is
used in some empirical preparations.
  Aurum Oxydatum, see  Gold—a. Oxydulatum
muriaticum, Gold, muriate of—a. Nitro-muriati-
cum, see Gold—a. Salitum, Gold, muriate of.
  AUS'CULTATE,  from  auscultare,  'to listen.'
To practise auscultation. -'To auscult' is at times
used with the same signification.
  AUSCULTATION, Ausculta'tio, Echos'cope,
act  of listening.   Buisson has used  it synony-
mously with listening.   Laennec introduced aus-
cultation to appreciate the different sounds which
can be heard in  the chest, and in the diagnosis
of diseases of the heart,  lungs, &c.  This may
be done by the aid of an instrument called a  ste-
thoscope, one extremity of which is applied  to the
ear, the other to the  chest of the patient,  This
mode of examination is called Mediate Ausculta-
tion, (F.) Auscultation midiate,—the application
of the ear to the chest being immediate ausculta-
tion.
  The act of exploring the chest is called Stetho-
scop'ia, and Thoracoscop'ia;  of the  abdomen,
Abdominoscop'ia.
  AUSCULTATORY, Auscultato'r-ius ; Ans'cul-
tory, Anscultic, (with some.) Belonging or hav-
ing relation to auscultation.
  Auscultatory Percussion, see Acouophonia.
  AUSTERE', Auste'rus. Substances which pro-
duce a high degree  of acerb impression on  the
organs of taste.
  AUSTRUCHE, Imperatoria.
  AUTALGIA  DOLOROSA, Neuralgia, facial,
Pleurodynia—a. Pruriginosa, Itching—a. Vertigo,
Vertigo.
  AUTARCI'A, from avros, 'himself/and  apKem,
'I am satisfied.'  Moral tranquillity.—Galen.
  AUTEMES'IA, from avros, 'self,'  and  epeats, 
AUTEMPRESMUS          1
' vomiting.'  Spontaneous or idiopathic vomiting.
—Alibcrt,
  AUTEMPRESMUS, Combustion, human.
  AUTIIE'MERON.  A  medicine which  cures
on  the day  of its exhibition;  from  auro?, 'the
same,' and 'npepa, ' day.'
  ALT 11 YG I AN SIS, Yis medicatrix naturae.
  AUTOCIIIR, Autochlrus, Said da, from avros,
'himself,' and ^tip, 'hand.   One who has com-
mitted suicide.  A self-murderer or suicide.
  AUTOCHIRIA, Suicide.
  AUTOCi XE'SIS,   Motus  volunta'rius,  from
avros,  'self,' and  Ktvnois, 'motion.'  Voluntary
motion.
  A U T 0 C' R A S Y, Autocrati'a, Autocrato'ria,
from avros, ' himself,' and Kparos, ' strength.' In-
dependent force.  Action of the vital principle,
or of the instinctive powers, towards the preser-
vation of the  individual.   See Vis Medicatrix
Naturae.  Also, the  vital  principle.
  AUTOCRATIA,  Autocrasy,  Yis  Medicatrix
Natunc.
  AUTOCRATORIA, Autocrasy—a. Physiatrice,
Vis medicatrix naturae.
  AUTOCTOXIA, Suicide.
  AUTOG"ENOUS, from avros, 'self,'and yev-
tato, ' I generate'  A term applied by Mr. Owen
to  parts or elements that are usually developed
from distinct and independent centres;  as  in the
case of tbe  different parts or elements that form
a vertebra.
  AUTOGONIA. Generation, equivocal.
  AUTOLITHOT'OMUS, from avros, 'himself,'
Xt3o5, ' a stone,' and repveiv,  'to cut.'   One who
operates upon himself for the stone.
  AUTOMAT'IC, Automat'icus, Antom'atus, (F.)
Automatique, from avroparos,' spontaneous.' That
which acts of itself.  Those movements are called
automatic which are  executed without volition :—
involuntary motions, motus  automat'ici seu au-
tom'ati seu involunta'rii.
  AUTOMNAL, Autumnal.
  AUTOXO.M'IA. Vis rnedica'trix natu'ra. The
word Autonomia is occasionally employed by the
French and Germans for the  peculiar mechanism
of  an  organized body.  Thus,  although indivi-
duals of the same species may differ in outward
conformation,  their mechanism  or instinctive
laws (Autonomia) may  be the same.
  ALTONYCTOBATIA,  Somnambulism.
  AUTOPEP'SIA, from avros, 'self,' and  netrroi,
'I  concoct.'   Self-digestion,—as of  the  stomach
after death.
  AUTOPHIA, Autopsia.
  AUTOPH'ONY, Antopho'nia, (F.) Autophonie,
Retentissement autophonique, from  avros,  'self,'
and tporvv, 'voice.' An auscultatory  sign pointed
out  by M. Hourmann, which consists in noting
the  character of the observer's own voice, while
he speaks with his head placed close to the pa-
tient's chest.  The voice, it is  alleged, will be
modified by the condition of the subjacent organs.
The resonance, thus  heard, he terms retentisse-
ment autophonique.  This diagnostic agency Dr.
R. G. Latham proposes to term heautophon'ics.
  AUTOPHOXIA. Suicide.
  AUTOPHOSPilORUS. Phosphorus.
  AUTOPLASTIC,  Autoplas'ticus, from  avros,
' self,'  and  vXuariKos,  ' formative'  Relating to
autoplastv or plastic surgery.
  AUTOl'LASTICE, Morioplastice.
  AUTOPLASTY, Morioplastice.
  AUTOP'SIA, Au'topsy, from avros, 'himself,'
and oyif, ' vision.'   Autoph'ia, Autosc.op'ia. In-
spection ;  examination by one's self; self-inspec-
tion.  Often improperly used for the following:
  Autop'sia  Cadaver'ica. (F.) Autopsie ou Ou-
verture cadavirique.  Attentive examination after |
death,—Examination post mortem, Sectio Cadav'- j
09                 AVENA
errs, Dissection,  Nec'roscopy, Nec'ropsy,  Necro-
scop'ia, Necrop'sia, Necrop'sis, — practised  for
the purpose of investigating the causes and seat
of an  affection  of  which  a person  may have
died, &e.
  Autop'sia Cadaver'ica  Lega'lis, Sec'tio  seu
Obduc'tio lega'lis, is the examination after death
for medico-legal  purposes.
  AUTOPYROS, Syneomistos.
  AUTOSCOPIA, Autopsia.
  AUTOSITE,  from  avros,  'self,' and ctros,
'nourishment'   A  single  monster, capable  of
deriving nourishment from its own proper or-
gans, in contradistinction to Omphalosite.
  AUTOTHERAPIA, Vis medicatrix naturae.
  AUTUMN, Autum'nus, Artctum'nus.  from  au-
gere, auction, 'to increase'[?], Phthiropo'run, (F.)
Automne.  One of the seasons of the year, between
the 23d of September and the 21st of December.
In  all climates, the Autumn  or Fall is liable to
disease; a combination of local and atmospherio
causes being then present,  favourable to  its pro-
duction.
   AUTUM'NAL,  Autumna'lis, (F.)  Aulomnal.
Relating  to Autumn;  as Autumnal Fruits, Au-
tumnal Fevers, &c.
   Autumnal Fever generally assumes a bilious
aspect. Those of tbe intermittent kind are much
more  obstinate  than when  they  appear  in  the
spring.
  AUXESIS, Augmentation, Increase.
  AUXIL'IARY, Auxilia'ris,  from  auxilium,
'aid.'  (F.) Auxiliaire.   That which assists,  or
from which assistance is obtained.
  Auxiliary Medicine is one which assists  the
principal  medicine  or basis.  It  is  synonymous
with Adjuvant.
  Auxiliary  Muscles are those which  concur
in the same movement.  Some anatomists have
applied the term to  several  ligaments, as  well as
to the fleshy fibres,  which bang from the sacro-
spinalis muscle.
  AUXILIUM, Juvans, Medicament.
   AUXIS, Augmentation, Increase.
  AYA, Arva, Kara.  An  intoxicating narcotic
drink, made by  chewing the Piper  methisticuia.
It is much used by  the Polynesians.
  AVA1LLES, WATERS  OF.  A  small village
in  France, 13  leagues  S.  S. E.  of  Poitiers, at
which there  is  a  cold  saline chalybeate.   It
contains chlorides of sodium and calcium, sul-
phate and subcarbonate of  soda, iron, &c.
  AVANT-BOUCHE  (F.), Os autlcnm. This
name  has been  applied by some  to the  mouth,
properly so called—in contradistinction to  the
Arriere bonche or Pharynx.
  A VA N T- RRA S,  Fore-arm.
  AVANT-CCEUR, Scrobiculus cordis.
  AV ANT-GOUT  (F.), Pragusta'tio. A fore-
taste ;  praegustation.
  AVANT-MAIN  (F.), Adver'sa Manns.  The
inside  of the hand, when extended.
  A YANT-PIED (F.). The most advanced part
of the foot,
  A VANT-POIGNET (F.).  The anterior part
of the wrist.
  A VELINE, Corylus avellana, (nut.)
  AVELLANA, Corylus avellana—a. Cathartica,
Jatropha curcas.
  AYE'NA, Bromos, Oats, (Prov., North of Eng-
land)  Aits.  The seeds of Ave'na  sati'va. Ord.
Gramineae.  Sex. Syst. Triandria  Digynia.  (I.)
Avoine.  Oats are used as food  for man in some
parts, particularly in the  North of England and
Scotland.   When deprived of  the  husks, they
form Groats.  Reduced  to meal—Avena Fari'na,
Oatmeal, (Ph. U. S.) — they are applied as cata-
plasms to promote  suppuration.  The dry mea>
is sprinkled over erysipelatous parts. 
AVENJE  FARINA           1
  Oatmeal gruel, Water gruel, is prepared as fol-
lows :— Take  of oatmeal, ^ij; soft water,  Oiss.
R-ubthe meal in a basin, witb the back of a spoon,
in a moderate  quantity of the water, pouring off
the  fluid after the grosser particles have subsided,
but whilst the milkiness  continues; and repeat
the  operation until no more milkiness is commu-
nicated to the water. Put the washings in a pan,
after having stirred  them well, in order to sus-
pend any fecula which may have subsided; and
boil until a soft, thick mucilage is formed.
  It is a good demulcent, and is used also as a
vehicle for clysters.
  Avena  Excortk ata,  Groats.
  AVENGE FARINA, see Avena,
  AVENHEIM,  MINERAL  WATERS   OF.
Avenheim is three leagues from  Strasburg: near
it is an aperient mineral  water.
  AVENNES,  MINERAL  WATERS   OF.
Avennes is  a  village in  the  department of He-
rault, in  France: near it is a saline  spring, the
temperature of which rises to 84° Fahrenheit,
  AVENS, COMMON, Geum urbanum—a. Pur-
ple, Geum rivale — a. Water, Geum  rivale — a.
White, Geum  Virginianum — a. Yellow, Geum
urbanum.
  AY ERICH, Sulphur.
  AVERRHO'A BILIM'BT, Bilim'bi, Bilimbing
teres.  Ord. Oxalideae :  called  after  Averrhoes.
An  Indian tree, which has a fruit that is too acid
to be eaten alone.  It is used  as a  condiment,
and in the form of syrup as a refrigerant.
  Averrho'a CARAM'BOLA, Malum  Coerlse, Pru-
rrnm stellu'tum,  Tam'ara,  Conga,   Citram'bolo.
An  Indian tree, whose fruits  are agreeably acid.
The bark, bruised, is employed  as  a  cataplasm,
and its fruit is used as  a refrigerant in bilious
fever and dysentery.
  AVER'SION, Aver'sio, Apolrope,  from  aver-
tere, (a and vertere,) 'to  turn  from.'  Extreme
repugnance for anything whatever.
  A VERSION (F.) also means, in  therapeutics,
the action of medicines which turn  the afflux of
fluids from one organ, and direct them to others;
being  synonymous  with counter-irritation, or
rather, revulsion or derivation.
  AVERTIN  (F.).   A  disease of  the mind,
which, according to Lavoisien,  renders  the  pa-
tient obstinate and furious.
  A VEUGLE, Caecus.
  AVEUGLEMENT, Caecitas — a.  de Jour,
Nyctalopia—a. de Nuit, Herneralopia.
  AVICEX'NIA TOMENTO'SA, A. Africa'na
seu resinifi'era seu nilida,  Bon'tia ger'minans :
called  after Avicenna.   Ord. Verbenaceae.   The
plant which affords  the  Afalac'ca Bean or Ana-
car'dium Orienta'le of the Pharmacopoeias, Seme-
ear'pus Anacar'dium.  The  oil drawn from  the
bark of the fruit is a  corrosive and active vesica-
tory, but it is not used.
  AVICULA CIPRIA, Pastil—a. Margaritifera,
see  Pearl.
  AVOIX, Avena.
  AVON, MINERAL  WATERS  OF.   Avon
Springs are in the State of  New York, on  the
eastern  branch of the Genesee river, 18  miles
from Rochester. There are three sulphureo-saline
and one  iodine spring.   They are applicable to
the  same set of cases as the Sharon  Springs.
  AVORTEMEXT, Abortion—a. Provoque, see
Parturition.
  A VOR TER, to Abort.
  AVORTIX, Abortion.
  AVORTON, Abortion.
  AVULSIO, Arrachement.
  AVULSION, Evulsion.
  AX, MINERAL  WATERS  OF.   Ax  is a
small town in the department of Arriege, France;
where there are several sulphurous springs, the
10       AXOIDO-ATLOIDPEN
! temperature of which varies from 77° to 162° of
 Fahrenheit.
   AXE,  Axis—a. de ICEil, Axis of the eye.
   A X'E  A CO M M I S S U ' R A, Trochoi'des.  A
 pivot-joint.  See Trochoid.
   Ax en  K or per, Corpuscula tactus.
   AXES, Intermittent, Paroxysm.
   AXILE BODIES, Corpuscula tactus.
   AXIL'LA,  Ala,  Ast-cl/a,  Assel'ltt,  Ascilla,
 Acella,  Cordis  emuncto'rium,  Male, Hypo'rnia,
 Fo'ven axilla'ris, Mas'chale, Mas'chalis, (Sc and
 Prov.) Oxtar;  Oxter, (F.) Aisselle.  The cavity
 beneath the junction of the arm with the shoulder;
 the armpit; (F.) Creux del Aisselle.  It is bounded,
 anteriorly, by  a portion of the pectoralis major;
 posteriorly, by the latissimus dorsi.  It is covered
 with hair, contains much areolar membrane, lym-
 phatic ganglions, important vessels and nerves,
 and numerous sebaceous  follicles, furnishing an
 odorous secretion.   In consequence of such secre-
 tion, the  ancients called it emuncto'rium cordis.
   AX'ILLARY, Maseholia'us,  (F.)  Axillaire,
 from  axilla,  ' the  armpit.'   Belonging to  the
 armpit.
   Axillary Artery, Arte'ria axilla'ris; a con-
 tinuation of the subclavian, extending from  the
 passage of the latter between the scaleni muscles
 as far as the  insertion of the pectoralis major,
 when it takes  the name of Brachial.
   Axillary Glands are lymphatic glands seated
 in the armpit;  into which the  lymphatic glands
 of the upper extremity open.
   Axillary  Nerve, Cir'cumfiex  N., Scap'ulo-
 hu'meral (Ch.), Nerf circonfiexe, Artic'ular nerve;
 arises  from the posterior part of  the brachial
 plexus, particularly from the  last two cervical
 pairs  and  the  first dorsal.  It is chiefly distri-
 buted to  the posterior margin of the deltoid.
   Axillary Vein,  Vena  Axilla'ris, Vena Suba-
 la'ris. This vein  corresponds with the artery;
 anterior  to which it is situate.   It is a continua-
 tion  of the brachial veins ; and, at its  termina-
 tion, assumes the name Subclavian.
   AXINE, Ascia.
   AXIRNACH.  An Arabic word, used by Al-
 bucasis to designate a fatty tumour  of the upper
 eyelid, observed particularly in children.
   AXIS,  Axon, (F.) Axe.  A right line which
 passes through the  centre  of a body.
   Axis,  Cerebro-Spinal, see Encephalon — a.
 of the Cochlea, Modiolus—a, Cranio-Spinal,  see
 Encephalon — a. Cylinder of Nerve, see  Nerve
 fibre — a. Coeliac, Coeliac artery.
   Axis of the  Eye,  (F.) Axe de  Vce.il,  called
 also, Vis'ual Axis and Optic Axis, is a right line,
 which falls perpendicularly on the eye, and passes
 through the centre  of the  pupil.
   Axis,  H.emal, Aorta — a. Neural, see Ence-
 phalon.
   Axis, is also the second vertebra  of  the neck,
 .Axon, Epistropllens, Epis'trophus, Masehalister:
 Ver'tebra Denta'ta, (F.)  Essieu.  So called,  be-
 cause it forms  a kind  of axis on which the head
 moves.   Chaussier calls  it Axoitle, from  ufav,
 'axis,' and etSos, 'shape.'
   AXLETEETH, Molar  teeth.
   AXOIDE, Axis—a. Occipitale, Rectus  capitis
 posticus major.
   AXOID'O-ATLOTD'EUS. What  refers to both
 theaxis and atlas, nsAxoido-atloidean articulation.
   The lesions  of  the Axoido-atloidean, are, 1.
 Fracture  of the Processus  Lenta'tus. 2. Rupture
 of the odontoid  ligament,  and consequently pas-
 sage and  pressure of the process behind the trans-
 verse ligament:  and, 3. The simultaneous rupturo
 of the odontoid and transverse ligaments. These
 different accidents are fatal.
   AX0ID0-ATL0ID1EX,  Obliquus   inferior
 capitis. 
AXON
BACCHIA
  AXON. Axis.
  A A ONGE, Adeps praeparatus.
  AXUNGE, Adeps praeparatus.
  AXUNGIA, Pinguedo—a, Gadi, Oleum Jecoris
Aselli —a, de Mumia, Marrow — a. Articularis,
Synovia—a. Piscina Marina, Oleum Jecoris Aselli
—a,  Porcina, Adeps praeparatus.
  AYPNIA, Insomnia.
  AZALEA  PROCUMBENS, Loiseleuria  pro-
cumbens.
  AZARNET, Orpiment.
  AZARUM, Asarum—a. Cabaret, Asarum.
  AZEDARACH, Melia Azedarach.
  AZEDARACHA AM<EXA, Melia Azedarach.
  AZO'IC, Azo'icus, same etymon as Azote. De-
void of life.   The " Azoic period" of the geologist
is that before any living being appeared.
  AZOODYNA'MIA, from a,  priv.,  fan,  'life,'
and  Suva/jts, 'strength.'   Privation or diminution
of the vital powers.
  AZORES,  CLIMATE OF.   The  Azores  or
Western Islands are said to afford one of the best
examples of  a  mild, humid, equable climate,  to
be met  with in the northern hemisphere.   It is
slightly colder and moister than that of Madeira,
but even  more equable.  Sir James Clark  thinks,
that a change from the Azores to Madeira, and
thence to Tenerifl'e—one of the Canaries—would
prove more beneficial to the phthisical valetudi-
narian  than a residence during the whole winter
in any one of those islands.
  AZOTAS  HYDRARGYRICUS LIQUIDUS,
seo Hydrargyri nitras—a. Hydrargyioso—ammo-
nious, see  Hydrargyri  oxydum  cinereum — a.
Hydrargyrosus, Hydrargri nitras—a. Potassicus,
 Potassu< nitras.
  AZOTATE, Nitrate — a.  tlArgent,  Argenti
nitras—a. de Mcrcm-e, Hydrargyri nitras—a. de
Mercttre et d'ammoniaque, see Hydrargyri  oxy-
dum cinereum — a. de P/omb, Plumbi nitras — a.
de Potasse, Potassae nitras.
  A'ZOTE, Azo'tum, from a, priv., and £o>>7, 'life.'
Nitrogen, Alcaligene,   Gas  azo'ticum,  Nitro-
gen'ium, Septan,  (F.) ^4zofe, Nitrogcne, Mofiette,
Air gate, Air vicic, is a gas which is unfit for re-
spiration.  It is  not positively deleterious, but
proves fatal owing to the want of oxygen.  It is
one of the constituents of atmospheric air, and a
distinguishing principle  of animals.   Vegetables
have it  not generally diffused, whilst,  it  is met
with  in  most animal  substances.  It has been
variously called, phlogistic air, vitiated air, &c.;
has  been looked upon   as sedative, and  recom-
mended to be respired, when properly diluted, in
diseases of the chest.
j   Azote, Protoxide of, Nitrogen, gaseous ox-
 ide of.
   AZOTE, Nitrogenized.
   AZOTED,  Nitrogenized.
   AZOTE NE'SE'S, from  azote, and voaos, 'dis-
 ease.'  Diseases fancied to be occasioae.t by the
 predominance of azote in the body.—Baumes.
   AZOTIC ACID, Nitric acid.
   AZOTIZED. Nitrogenized.
   AZOTURIA, see Urine.
   AZTEC CHILDREN, see Nanus.
   AZUR, Coral, Smalt.
   AZU'RIUM.   A compound of two parts of
 mercury, one-third of sulphur, and one-fourth of
 sal ammoniac.—Albertus Magnus.
   AZ'YGES, Az'ygos,  Az'ygous,  sine  pari, from
 a, priv.,  and  t,vyos,  'equal.'   Unequal.    The
 sphenoid bone, because it has no fellow.  Also, a
 process, Processus Az'yges, Rostrum sphenoidu'le,
 projecting from under the middle and forepart
 of this bone.
   AZYGOS  GANGLION,   see  Trisplanchnic
 Nerve.
    AZYGOUS ARTICULAR ARTERY, see Ar-
 ticular arteries  of  the skull.
   Azvcous  Muscle,Azyi/os U'vula, is the small
 muscle which occupies the substance of the uvula.
 — Morgagni.   Tbe name is, however,  inappro-
 priate, as there are two distinct fasciculi, placed
 along-side each other, forming  tbe Palato-sta-
 phyllni,  Staphyllni  or Epistaphyllui  muscles,
 Staphyllni me'dii of Window.
    Azygous   Process,  of  the  Sphenoid, see
 Azyges.
i    Azygous Vein,  Vena Arcygos,  Veine Prilombo-
| thoracique—(Ch.), Vena  sine pari,  Vena pari
 car-ens, (F.)  Verne sans Paire.  This vein was SO
 called by Galen.   It forms a communication be-
 tween the V. cant inferior and V. cava superior,
 permitting the  blood to pass freely between the
 two.  It rises  from the  vena cava  inferior, or
 from one of the lumbar  or  renal veins, passes
 through  the  diaphragm, ascends along tbe spine
 to the right of  the aorta and thoracic duet, and
 opens into the V. cava superior, where it pene-
 trates the pericardium.   On  the left side, tbe
 semi-az'ygos, Left broilchial or left superior in-
 tercos'tal vein,  Vona demi-azygos, V. hemi-uz'yga,
  Vine petite prilombo-thoracique—(Ch.), presents,
 in miniature, nearly the same arrangement.
   AZYMIA  HUMORUM,  Crudity of the  hu-
 mours.
   AZ'YMUS, from a,  priv., and £vpn, 'leaven.'
 Azy mous bread is unfermented, unleavened bread.
 —Galen.
I   AZZLE-TEETH, Molar teeth.
—b. Piperis Glabri, see Piper Cubeba—b. Pisea-
toriae, see Menispermum cocculus — b. Zizyphi,
see Jujube.
  BACCAR,  Bac'caris,  Bac'charis.   An  herb
used by the ancients in their garlands, to destroy
enchantment.   Perhaps, the Digitalis purpurea.
Some authors have erroneously thought it to be
the Asarum.
  BACCIIARIS, Baccar.
  Bac'charis Halimifo'lia, Groundsel tree : Or-
der, Compositae; indigenous ; is used as a demul-
cent to allay cough, in  the form of decoction.
  BACCHI'A, from Bacchus, 'the god of wine.'
   BAREURRE, Buttermilk.
   BARILLEMEMT, Loquacity.
   BABUZICAR1US, Incubus.
   BABY, Infans.
   BAC'ARIS, Bach'arts.  A name given by the
ancients to  an ointment,  described  by Galen
under  the name  Ointment  of  Lydia.  It was
sometimes employed in diseases of the womb.—
llippocrates.
  BACCE BERMUDENSES,  Sapindus  sapo-
naria—b. seu Grana actcs. see Sambucus ebulus
__b. Jujubne. Jujube—b. Myrtillorum,  see Vacci-
nium myrtillus — b. Norlandicae, Rubus  arcticus |
B. 
BACCHIC A             112          BALANORRHAGIA
A name applied to the red or pimpled face of the
drunkard.  See Gutta rosea.
  BACCHIC A. Hedera helix.
  BACCIY'OROUS,  Bacciv'ortts, (F.) Baccivorc,
from bacca, ' a berry,' and voro, ' I devour.' Liv-
ing on berries.
  BACHARIS, Bacaris.
  BACHELOR'S BUTTONS, see Strychnos nux
vomica.
  BACKER'S TONIC PILLS, Pilulae ex Helle-
boro et Myrrha.
  BACILE, Crithmum maritimum.
  BACILLAR  LAYER  OF  THE  RETINA,
Tunica Jucobi.
  BACIL'LUM, Bacillus, Bac'ulus, Bac'culus:
'a stick.'  This name has been applied to a kind
of troch, composed of expectorants, and having
the shape of a stick.   Also, a suppository.  Bacil-
lum was used by the ancient  chemists for several
instruments of iron.
  BACK, Dorsum. »
  BACK-ACII ROOT, Liatris.
  BACKBONE, Vertebral column.
  BACKSIDE, Nates.
  BACKSPRENT, Vertebral column.
  BACKSTROKE OF THE HEART, Impulse,
diastolic
  BACOBOTRYS PICTA, Saoria.
  BACOVE, Musa sapientum.
  BACTYRILOBIUM FISTULA, Cassia fistula,
  BACULUS, Bacillum.
  BAD, Sick.
  BADEN, MINERAL WATERS OF.   Baden
is  a town  six miles  from Vienna.   Here are 12
springs, containing carbonates of lime and mag-
neisa;  sulphates  of lime,  and  magnesia,  and
soda;  and chlorides  of sodium  and aluminum.
The water is used in diseases of the skin, rheu-
matism, &c.
   There are two other towns  of the same name;
one in  Suabia, and  the other  in  Switzerland,
about 12 miles from Zurich, where are mineral
springs.  The waters of the  last  two are thermal
sulphureous.
   BADEN-BADEN, MINERAL WATERS OF.
Celebrated thermal springs, situate about a league
from the high road to Basle and Frankfort.  Their
temperature varies from 130° to 154° Fahrenheit.
Their situation is beautiful, and they are much
frequented.
   BADENWEILER, MINERAL WATERS OF.
B.  is in Baden, about a league  to the westward
of  Miillheim.   The waters  are thermal  (87° of
Fahr.), and contain carbonate of lime, sulphuret
and chloride of calcium, and chloride of magne-
sium.
   BADER, Bather.
   BADIAGA.  A kind of sponge, sold in Russia,
the powder of which is said to take away the livid
marks  from blows  and bruises in a few hours.
Its nature is not understood.
   BADIANE, Illicium anisatum.
   BADJSIS, Walking.
   BADLY, Sick.
   BADUKKA, Capparis badukka.
   BAG,  DUSTING, see Dusting-bag —b. of
Waters, see Liquor Amnii.
   BAGEDIA, Pound.
   BAGGIE, Abdomen.
   BAGNERES-ADOUR, MINERAL WATERS
 OF.   Bagneres-Adour is a small town in the de-
 partment  of  Hautes Pyrinies,  having  a great
 number of mineral  springs;  some, cold chaly-
 beates ; others, thermal salines;  but the greatest
 part sulphureous and warm.
   BAGNERES DU  LUCIION  is  a small town
 in the department  of Haute Garonne,  on  the
 frontiers of Spain.  It has  been for a long time
famous for its  numerous  sulphureous springs,
the temperature of which is from 69° to 148  of
Fahrenheit.                       .    ,
  BAGXIGGE  WELLS. A saline mineral spring
of London, resembling the  Epsom.
  BAGNIO, Baignoire.
  BAGNOLES,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.
Bagnoles is a village in the department of Orne.
The water resembles that of Baqneres de Luchtm,
  BAGNOLS, MINERAL WATERS OF.  Bag-
nols is a village, two leagues from Mende, in the
departmemt  of  Lozere.  The waters are hydro-
sulphurous and  thermal: 109° Fahrenheit.
  BAGOAS, Castratus.
  BAGVENA I'DIER, Colutea arborescens.
  BAHA'MA ISLANDS, CLIMATE  OF.  The
climate of the Bahamas is not considered to be
well  adapted for consumptive  patients, on ac-
count of the rapid alternations of temperature,
and the prevalence of winds, often of a dry, cold
character.   Still, the phthisical  valetudinarians
from  most portions of the United  States might
derive advantage from  a residence there during
the winter months.   The  accommodations are
not, however, good, or numerous.
   BAHEL,  Colum'nea  longifo'lia.  A labiated
plant of Malabar, whose leaves, bruised, are ap-
plied  as cataplasms to suppurating  tumours.
   Bahel  Schulli, Genista spinosa Indiea.
   BAIGNEUR. Bather.
   BAIGNOIRE, (F.) Bapfiste'rium, a Bathing
tub,  Bagnio, So'lium, Piscina.   The vessel or
place in which bathing is performed.   Baignoire
oculaire, an eye-bath,—a small vessel for bathing
the eyes.  See Scaphium oculare.
   BAILEY'S SPRING, see Alabama, Mineral

   BAILLEMENT, Yawning.
   BAILLON, Speculum oris.             ^
   BAIN,  Bath —6. Chaud,  Bath,  hot— b. Elec-
trique, Bath, electric, see Electricity — 6. Entier,
Bath, genera]—6. de Fauteuil, Bath, hip — b.
Frais, Bath, tepid—6. Froid, Bath, cold—6. Hy-
giinique,  see Bath—b. Marie, Bath, water — b.
Medicinal, Bath, medicated — b. de  Mer, Bath,
sea -— b. de Pied, Bath, foot, Pediluvium — b. de
Sable, Bath,  sand — b. de Siige, Bath, hip — 6.
Simple, see  Bath — b. Tempiri,  Bath,  tepid, B.
Temperate — 6. de Tite, Bath, head — b. Tilde,
Bath, tepid — b.  Tres froid, Bath, cold — b. de
 Vapertr, Bath, vapour.
   BAINE, Bath.
   BAINS, MINERAL  WATERS OF.  These
are situated  at Plombieres, department  of tbe
Vosges.   They are said to be saline and thermal
by some; others  deny  them any medical  pro-
perties.
   BAIRN. Infans.
   BAIRNWORTS, Bellis.
   BALAMPULLI, Tamarindus.
   BALANCE,  AEROSTATIC, Areometer.
   BAL'ANCEMENT,  Compensation, from (F.)
balance, 'a balance,' itself from  bis, 'twice,' and
lanx, 'a dish.'   A law  of teratogeny, as-main-
tained by Geoffroy St. Hilaire,  by which exube-
rance of  nutrition in one organ is supposed to
involve, to a greater or less extent, the  total or
partial atrophy of some other, and conversely.
   BALANDA.  Fagus Sylvatica.
   BALANEUM, Bath.
   BALANISMUS, Suppository.
   BALANITE CONTAGIEUSE, see  Gonor-
rhoea.
   BALANITIS, Gonorrhoea spuria.
   BALANOBLENNORRH 03 A, Gonorrhoea
 spuria,
   BALANOCASTANUM,  Bunium  Bulboeasta-
 num.
   BALANORRHAGIA, see Gonorrhoea. 
BALANORRIICEA          113                BALSAM
  BALANORRII03A, Gonorrhoea spuria.
  B A LAN OS  PJXENICOS, Date.
  BA'L.AN US, fiuXavos, 'glans,' 'an acorn.'  The
glans penis.   Hence, Balanoblennorrhae'n, Blen-
norrhea of the glans ; and Balanitis, Inflamma-
tion  of the glans.   Suppositories and pessaries
were called Balani.
  Balvnus, Glans,  Suppository—b. Myrepsica,
Guilandina moringa,
  BALARUC, MINERAL WATERS  OF.  Ba-
laruc is  a town in the department  of Hcrault,
in France.   The waters are saline and thermal.
They contain  carbonic acid, carbonate of lime,
carbonate of magnesia, chlorides of sodium, cal-
cium,  and  magnesium, sulphate  of lime, and  a
little iron.  They are considered tonic, and are
largely used.   Their temperature is about  118°
Fahrenheit.
  Balaruc Water,  Factitious,  (F.) Eau de
Bal a rue; Aqua Belliluca'na is made  of simple
acidulous water (containing twice its bulk of car-
bonic  acid) l^xxss;  chloride of sodium, 3'ssi
chloride of calcium, gr. xviij ; chloride of mag-
nesium, gr. Ivi; carbonate of magnesia, gr. j.
  BALATRO. Bambalio.
  BALAUSiTNE  FLOWERS, see  Punica gra-
natutn.
  BALBIS, QaXPts, 'a foundation.'  Any oblong
cavity.—Galen.  Hippocrates,  in his treatise on
the joints, gives the name Ilalbito'des  to the ole-
cranon cavity of the humerus.
  BALBUS,"(F.) Bi-gue.  One habitually affected
with stammering.  A stammerer.
  BA L IS I' TIE MEN '/', Bulbuties.
  BALBUTIES,  Psellis'mns,  Psellotes,  Bla'-
sitas,  Baryglos'sia,  Dysla'/ia,  Mogila'lia, Ischo-
pho'nia, Rattaris'mus,  Bamba'lia,  Hasita'tio,
Loqne'la bla'sa,  Tituba'tio Lingua, (F.) Balbu-
tiement, Begaiement,   Bigayement,   Stuttering,
Stammering,   Hammering,  (Prov.)   Tutt'ering,
St. Vitns's Dunce of the Voice,  (Sc.) Hab'bering,
Habb/iiig.   Also, vicious and incomplete pronun-
ciation,  in which almost  all  the  consonants are
replaced by the letters B and L;  Trattlis'mus.
  BALC11US, Bdellium.
  BALD, Athrix.
  BALDMONEY, iEthusa meum.
  BALDNESS, Alopecia,  Calvities—b. Limited,
Porrigo decalvans—b. Partial, Porrigo decalvans.
  BALI"XAS, Leviathan penis.
  BALI MR AC 0. Hibiscus populous.
  BALlXliATOR, Bather.
  BALIXEUM,  Bath.
  BALL, Pila—b. of the Eye,  Pupil.
  BALLISMUS, Chorea.
   BALLISTA. Astragalus.
  BALLOCK-GRASS, Orchis mascula.
  BALLOA.  Receiver.
  JIA LLC XX EM EXT, Tympanites.
  BALLO'TA Fffi'TIDA, B. vulga'ris seu nigra,
Marru'bium nigrum, Black Horehound, Stinking
II.,  (F.) Marrube  noir.  Ord.  Labiatae.  Sex.
Syst. Didynainia Gymnospermia.  This plant  is
esteemed to  be  antispasmodic,  resolvent, and
detersive. (?)
  Ballota Lana'ta,  Leonu'rus lana'tus,  (F.)
Ballote  cotonneuse.  A  plant  which  grows  in
Siberia.  The whole plant, with the exception of
the  root, has  been  recommended in dropsy, and
in  rheumatism and  gout, as a diuretic   It  is
usually  given  in decoction (5ss to 5J to f3viij
of water).
  BALLOTE COTONNEUSE, Ballota lanata.
  BALLOTTEMEXT, (F.)  Mouvcment de  Bal-
lottement, Agittt'tion, Succus'*ion, Repercus'sion,
means  the  motion  impressed  on the foetus  in
utero, by  alternately pressing  the  uterus by
means  of the  index finger of one hand intro-
duced into  the vagina;  the  other  hand  being
 applied on the abdomen.  It is one of the least
| equivocal signs of pregnancy.
   BALLS, DEER, Elaphomyces granulatus.
   BALLSTON SPA.  This village is situate in
jl Saratoga  County, New York.  The  spring Sans
 Souci  belongs to the class of Acidulous  Chaly-
 beates.  It contains iodide of sodium.  There is
 also a sulphur spring.
   BALM, Melissa — b. Apple,  Momordica bal-
 samina—b. Bastard, Meliris Melissophyllum—b.
 of Gilead, Solomon's, see Tinctura cardamomi—
 b. of Gilead, Poplar,  Populus candicans—b. of
 Gilead tree,  Dracocephalum Canariense—h.  In-
 dian, Trillium latifolium—b. Mountain, Monarda
 coccinea—b.  Red, Monarda coccinea—b.  Scarlet
 rose, Monarda coccinea,—b. Stinking, Hedeoma.
   BALMONY, Chelone glabra.
   BALNEA  CC3N0SA, Bone des eaux.
   BALNEARIUM, Hypocaustum.
   BALNEARIES, Bather.
   BALNEATOR, Bather.
   BALN EOG'RAPHY, Balneograph'ia, from
 (iaXavetov, 'a bath,' and  ypiapv, 'a  description.'
 A description of  baths.
   BALNEOL'OGY, Balneolof'ia,  from  QaXa-
 vetov,  'a  bath,'  and Xoyos,  'a  description.'  A
 treatise on baths.
   BALNEOTHERAPI'A, from BaXavetov, 'a
 bath,' and Oepaneia, 'treatment.'  Treatment  of
 disease by baths.
   BALNEUM, Bath—b. Acidum, Bath,  acid —
 b. Alkalinum, Bath, alkaline—b. Animale, Bath,
 animal — b. Antipsoricum, Bath, antipsoric—b.
 Anti-sypbiliticum,  Bath,  antisyphilitic—b. Are-
 nae, Bath, sand—b. Gelatinosum, Bath, gelatinous
 —b. Mariae, Bath, water—b. Marinum, Bath, sea
 —b. Maris,  Bath, water—b. Medicatum, Bath,
 medicated—b. Sulphuris, Bath, sulphur.
   BALSAM,  Bal'samum, Ralsamus. Bol'eson,
 Beleson,  (E.) Baume.  This  name  is given to
 natural vegetable substances, concrete or liquid,
 but very odorous, bitter,  and piquant: composed
 of resin, benzoic acid, and  sometimes of an es-
 sential oil—which allow  benzoic acid  to  be dis-
 engaged by the action of heat; readily dissolved
 in  volatile oil,  alcohol,  and  ether;  and, when
 treated with alkalies,  afford  a soluble benzoate,
 and throw down resin.   We know  of only  five
 balsams—those of Peru, and  Tolu, Benzoin, solid
 Styrax or Storax, and liquid Styrax.   (See those
 different words.)  There are, however, many phar-
 maceutical preparations and resinous  substances,
 possessed of a balsamic smell, to which the name
 balsam has been given ; but they differ essentially
 in  composition and properties: hence the dis-
 tinction of balsams into natural and artificial.
 The natural balsams include the five before men-
 tioned; the artificial the remainder.
   Balsam,  Acous'tic, Bal'samum Acous'ticum,
 (F.) Baume acoustiqne.  A mixture of fixed and
 essential  oils,  sulphur,  and  tinctures of fetid
 gums.  Used in cases of atonic deafness, dropped
 into the ear.  The acoustic balsam of Dr. Hugh
 Smith is  made by mixing three drachms of ox-
 gall, with one drachm  of balsam of Peru.
   Balsam, American,  see Myroxylon Peruiferum
 —b. Anodyne, Bates's, Linimentum saponis et
 opii.
   Balsam, Apoplec'tic  Bal'samum  Apoplec'ti-
 cum, Balsamus Apoplec'ticus, (F.) Baume Apo-
 plectique.  A medicine composed of several bal-
 sams properly so  called, resins, and volatile oils.
 It  is  of  a stiff consistence, is Worn in ivory
 boxes about the person, and is  smelled at in
 headaches, Ac.
   Balsam Apple, Momordica balsamina.
   Balsam of Arcce'us,  Bal'samum Aeeeti,  Un-
 guen'tum  Elemi,  (F.)  Baume d'Arcceus.   A soft
 ointment; sometimes  employed in  wounds, ul- 
BALSAM                11
4
BALSAM
cers, &c.  It is made by melting, with  a  gentle
heat, two  parts of mutton suet, one of lard, one
and a half of turpentine, and as much resin.
  Balsam, Calaba, see Fagara octandra.
  Balsam, Canada, see Pinus  balsamea—b. Ca-
nary,   Dracocephalum  Canariense — b.  Capivi,
Copaiba.
  Balsam of Carpa'thia, B. Carpathian, Bal'-
samum Carpatllicum, (F.) Baume tie Carpathie.
The  resin of the  Pinus Cembra,  a tree,  which
grows  in  Switzerland, Libya,  and the Krapac
mountains in Hungary.
  Balsam, Chaly'beate, Bal'samum Chalybea'-
tum, (F.) Baume d'aeier ou  d'aiguilles.   A mix-
ture of nitrate of iron, alcohol, and oil,  prepared
by dissolving needles  in nitric acid.  It was for-
merly  employed  in  friction  in  pains of  the
joints.
  Balsam, Commander's, Tinctura benzoini com-
posita—b. for Cuts, Tinctura benzoini composita.
  Balsam, Cor'dial, of Senner'tus, Bal'samum
Cordiu'le  Senner'ti, (F.) Baume cordiale de Sai-
nert.   A  stimulant medicine,  composed  of  the
essential oils of citron, cloves, and  cinnamon, of
musk,  and ambergris.  Dose, 6 to 15 drops.
  Balsam of Fierabras.  A celebrated Spanish
vulnerary balsam, mentioned by Cervantes;  the
composition of which  was oil, rosemary, salt, and
wine. (?)
  Balsam,  Spir'ituous, of Fioraventi,  Bal'-
samum  Fioraven'ti spirituo'sum,  (F.) Baume  de
Fioraventi spiritueux.  Different products of  the
distillation of resinous and  balsamic substances,
and  of a  number of aromatic substances, pre-
viously macerated in alcohol, have been thus
called.  The Spirituous  Balsam of Fioraventi,
the only  one  now used in friction,  in chronic
rheumatism, is the first product of the distillation
from a sand-bath.  It is entirely  alcoholic  The
 Oily Balsam of  Fioraventi is obtained  by  re-
moving the residue, and distilling it in an iron
vessel, at a white heat.  It has  the appearance
of a citrine-coloured  oil.  The Black Balsam  of
Fioraventi is the  black  oil, obtained when  the
temperature  is sufficient to carbonize  the sub-
stances in the cucurbit.
  Balsam of Fir, see Pinus balsamea.
  Balsam of  Focrcroy or of  Laborde, (F.)
Baume de Fourcroy  ou de Laborde.  A kind  of
liniment  composed of aromatic plants, balsams,
resins, aloes, turpentine, theriac, and olive  oil.
Used in chaps of the  skin and nipples.
  Balsam, Friar's, Tinctura benzoini composita.
  Balsam of Genevieve, (F.) Baume  de Gene-
vieve.   An ointment  composed of  wax, turpen-
tine, oil,  red saunders, and camphor.  Used in
contused  wounds, gangrene, &c.
  Balsam of Honey (Hill's).   A tincture made
of tola, honey (aa Ibj) and  spirit (a gallon).   A
pectoral,  used in coughs.  The committee of  the
New York College of Pharmacy recommend  the
following   formula —(Gum  Benzoin. %v,  Bals.
 Tolut. £j. Mollis gviij, Alcohol. Oiij—digest for
10 days and filter). See Mel.
  Balsvm of Horehound (Ford's).  A tincture
of  horehound,  liquorice-root,  camphor,  opium,
benzoin, dried squills, oil of aniseed, and  honey.
It has the  same properties as the above.   See
Marrubium.
  Balsam.  Hungarian, see Pinus mughos.
  Balsam, Hypnot'ic,  Bal'samum Hupnot'icum,
 (F.) Baume Hypnotique.  A preparation of which
opium, hyoscyamus,  camphor,  and some other
 sedative substances, form the basis.  It is used
 externally in friction, to provoke sleep.
  Balsam,  Hyster'ic, Bal'samum Hyster'icum,
 (F.) Baume Hystiriguc.  A  preparation made of
 opium, aloes,  asafoetida, castor, distilled  oils  of
 rue, amber, &c.   It is held to the nose, applied
to tbe navel, or rubbed on the hypogastrium in
hysterical cases.
  Balsam, Indian, see Myroxylon peruiferum.
  Balsam, Iod'uretted,  Bal'samum ioduret'um,
(F.) Baume hydriodalc, B. ioduri, Gclie centre
le goitre.  A balsam used in the way of friction,
in goitre, at Lausanne, in  Switzerland.  It  may
be  made as follows—animal soap. (iO; iodide of
potassium, 42 ; alcohol at 85°,  500 ; essence of
lemon, 4 parts.   The  iodide is  dissolved in the
alcohol, which is added to the soap melted in a
water-bath.  The whole is then  filtered, and put
into bottles.
   Balsam of Leictoure, of  Condom or Vince-
GUERE, Bal'samum Lectoren'se.  A strongly sti-
mulant and aromatic mixture of camphor, saffron
musk, and ambergris, dissolved  in essential oils.
The ancients burnt it for the purpose of purifying
the air of a chamber, when  infected with a dis-
agreeable odour.
   Balsam of Life  of Hoff'mann, Bal'samum
 Vita Hoffman'ni, (F.) Baume de Vie d'Hoffmann.
A tincture, composed  of essential oils and amber-
gris,  employed  internally and  externally  as a
stimulant.  A mixture of essential oils  without
alcohol constitutes the Saxon Balsam, Bal'samum
apoplec'ticum, B. aromat'icum. B. cephalicum, B,
Saxon'icum, B. ncrvlnum, B. Scherzeri, B. Sto-
mach'icum.  Employed in friction as a stimulant.
   Balsam of Life, Decoctum aloes compositum
—b. of Life, Turlington's, see Tinctura benzoini
composita.
  Balsam of Locatel'li or  Lucatel'li, Bal'-
samum Lucatelli, (F.) Baume  de Lucatel. A sort
of  ointment, composed of wax, oil, turpentine,
sherry, and balsam of Peru,  coloured with red
saunders.  It was  once administered in pulmo-
nary consumption.
  Balsam of Mecca, see Amyris  opobalsamum
— b.  Mexican, see Myroxylon  Peruiferum — b,
Natural, see Myroxylon Peruiferum.
  Balsam, Green, of Metz, Bal'samum Vir'idi
Meten'sium, B. Vir'ide, (F.) Baume vert de Metz,
Baume  de Feuitlet, Huile verte,  O'leum ox'tjdi
cupri vir'ide.  This is composed of several fixed
oils, holding, in solution, subcarbonate of copper,
sulphate of zinc,  turpentine,  aloes, and tbe es-
sential oils  of cloves  and juniper.   It is green
and caustic, and  is employed  to hasten the cica-
trization  of atonic ulcers.
  Balsam, Nephrit'ic, of Fuller, Bal'samum
Nephrit'ieum Fullcri.   A liquid medicine,  coin-
posed of  oils, resins,  and balsams, which  have
experienced an incipient  state of  carbonization
from concentrated sulphuric acid.  It was given
in the dose of 15  to 30 drops in certain affections
of the kidneys.
  Balsam,  Nervous, Bal'samum  Nervi'num,
(F.) Baume ncrvin ou  nerval,  A  kind of oint-
ment,  composed  of  fatty bodies, volatile  oils,
balsam of Peru,  camphor, <fec   It is employed
in  friction  in cases  of sprains  and  rheumatic
pains.
  Balsam,  Paralyt'ic,  of Mynsicht.  A  sort
of liniment or soft mixture of the essential oils
of  different aromatic  plants,  oils  of turpentine
and amber.—Lcmery.
  Balsam of Parei'ra brava, Bal'samum Pa-
rei'ra brarip.  A soft mixture of balsam, resin,
muriate  of ammonia, and  powder of the root of
Pnreira  brava.   It is given internally, to excite
the urinary secretion.
  Balsam,  Peruvian, see  Myroxylon Peruife-
rum—b.  of Peru, red, see Toluifera balsamuui-
b. of Peru, white, see Myroxylon Peruiferum.
  Balsam of Rackasi'ra or of Rakasi'ri.  This
substance is of a yellowish-brown  colour; semi-
transparent; fragile, when dry, but softening by
heat; adhering to  the  teeth,  when chewed.  It 
BALSAMADENDRON        11
has a smell similar to that of the Balsam of Tolu,
and is slightly bitter.   It is brought from India
in gourd shells, and ha.s  been employed in dis-
eases of the urinary and genital organs, especially
in gonorrhoea.
   Balsam, Riga.  Prepared from the shoots  of
the Scotch Fir, macerated in spirit of wine.  In-
ternally, stimulant and  diuretic; externally, a
vulnerary.  See Pinus Cembra,
   Balsam of Satupn, Bal'samum Satur'ni.   A
solution of acetate of lead in spirit of turpentine,
concentrated by evaporation ;  to which  camphor
has  been added.  This  balsam was  applied  to
hasten the cicatrization of  wounds.
   Balsam of the  Sam.ui'itan, (F.)  Baume  du
Samaritain.   A sort   of liniment, prepared  by
boiling together, at a gentle heat, equal parts of
wine and oil.  It is said to have been the oint-
ment used by the  Samaritan of the  Gospel  to
cure a patient covered with ulcers.
   Balsam, Saxon, Balsam of Life of  Hoffmann.
   Balsam of Sulphur, Bal'samum Sulphuris,
 (F.) Baume de Soufre.  A  solution of sulphur in
 oil.—R. snlpk. anisa'tum, (F.)  II. de Soufre anisi.
 A solution of sulphur  in  essential oil of aniseed ;
 given as  a carminative. — B. Sulph. succina'tum,
 (F.)  B. de Soufre succini.  A solution of sulphur
 in oil of  amber.— ll. Sulphuris terebinthiua'tum,
 Common Dutch Drops, (F.) B. de Soufre tiribin-
 thr'ni.  A solution of sulphur in  essential oil of
 turpentine, administered as a diuretic.—The Bal-
 sam  of Sulphur of Ruland is a solution of sul-
 phur in linseed oil or nut oil.
   Balsam of Sym'pathy, Balsamum Sympath'-
 icnrn, (F.) Baume de Sympathie.  A balsam, used
 in the days when sympathetic  influence  was
 strongly  believed in.  It  was composed of  the
 raspings  of a human skull, blood, and human  fat,
 and  was  applied to  the  instrument  which had
 inflicted the wound.
   Balsam,  Thibaut's.   A  tincture  of myrrh,
 nines, dragon's blood,  flowers  of St. John's wort,
 nnd  Chio turpentine.   Internally, diuretic ; exter-
 nally, vulnerary.
   Balsam of Tolu, see  Toluifera Balsamum.
   Balsam,  Tranquil, • Bal'samum tranquillum
 seu  trnnquillans,  (F.) B. tranquille.   A liquid
 medicine employed, externally, in  the  shape of
 friction :  it  is prepared  by macerating and boil-
 ing, in olive oil, narcotic and poisonous plants,—
 belladonna,  mandragora, hyoscyamus,  <fcc.—and
 afterwards  infusing,   in  the  filtered  decoction,
 different  aromatic plants.   It was employed as
 an anodyne.
   Balsam,  Turkey, Dracocephalum  Canariense
 —b. Turlington's,  see Tinctura Benzoini com-
 posita.
   Balsam  of Tur'pentine, Dutch Drops, Bal'-
 samum  Terebiu'thina.  Obtained  by  distilling
 oil  of  turpentine in  a glass retort, until a red
 balsam is left.  It possesses the properties of the
 turpentines.
   Balsam, Vervain's,  Tinctura Benzoini com-
 posita.
   B u.sam. Vui/nerary, of Mindere'rus, Bal-
 samum vulnera'rium   Mindere'ri,  (F.)  B. vnlni-
 raire de  Minderer.   A  kind of liniment, com-
 posed of turpentine, resin  elemi, oil of St. John's
 wort, and wax.  Employed in friction, and as a
 dressing  to wounds.
   R.u.sam Weed, Impatiens fulva,
   B w.sam Wound. Tinctura Benzoini composita.
   B A L S A M A D E N D R 0 N  G ILEA DENSE,
 Amyris Gileadensis—b. Myrrha, see Myrrha.
   RALSAMARIA INOPHYLLUM, see Fagara
 octandra.
   BALSAMEL.EON, Myroxylon Peruiferum.
   BALSA.M'IC.  Balsam'icus, (E.) Balsamique,
 from fiaXtrapov, 'balsam.'  Possessing  the (juaH-
5                BAMBOO
ties of  balsams.  Balsamic  odour:—a sweet,
faint,  and  slightly nauseous smell.  Balsamic
substance:—one resembling the balsams in pro-
perty.
  BALSAMTER ELEMIFERE, Amyris elemi-
fera—b. de la Mecque, Amyris opobalsamum.
  BALSAMINA, Momordiwi balsamina.
  BALSAMINE, Mo'.nordica balsamina.
  BALSAMIQUE, Balsamic.
  BALSAMITA FCEM1NEA, Achillea ageratum
—b. Major, Tanacetum balsamita—b. Mas, Ta-
nacetum balsamita.
  Balsami'ta  Suav'eolens, B.  odora'ta  seu
maris,  Mentha S'tracen'iea seu Roma'na.   Ord.
Compositae.  Sex. Syst.  Syngenesia Polygamia
superflua.  A  plant, common in the south  of
France, and cultivated in the  gardens; where it
bears the names of Menthe coqon rorrmine, Grand
baume,  Baume coq ou  Costue des Jurdins.   Its
smell is strong and aromatic, and taste  hot.  It
is used for the same purposes as tansey, i. c as a
stimulant,  vermifuge, &c.
  Balsamita  Suaveolens,  Tanacetum  balsa-
mita—b. Vulgaris, Tanacetum balsamita.
  BALSAMO-SACCHARUM, Elao-Saccharum.
  BALSAMUM, see  Balsam, Amyris opobalsa-
mum—b. iEgyptiacum, see Amyris opobalsamum
— b.  Album,  see  Myroxylon Peruiferum — b.
Alpini, Dracocephalum  Canariense — b. Alpini,
see Amyris opobalsamum — b. Anotlynum, Lini-
mentum saponis et opii—b. Apoplecticum, Balsam
of life of Hoffmann—b. Aromaticum, Balsam of
life of Hoffmann—b. Asiaticum, see Amyris opo-
 balsamum— b. Braziliense, Copaiba — b. Calaba,
see Fagara octandra — b. Canadense, see Pinus
balsamea—b. Catholicum, Tinctura benzoini com-
 posita— b. Cephalicum,  Balsam of life  of Hoff-
 mann—b.  Copaibae, Copaiba—b. Genuinum anti-
quorum, see Amyris opobalsamum — b. Hyperici
simplex, see Hypericum perforatum—b. Iodure-
tum, Balsam, ioduretted—b. Judaicum, see Amy-
ris opobalsamum—b.  Libani,  see Pinus cembra—
b. Mariae,  see Fagara octandra—b. e Mecca, see
Amyris  opobalsamum — b. Mercuriale, Unguen-
tum hydrargyri nitratis — b. Nervinum, Balsam
of life of Hoffmann—b. Nucista5, see Myristica—
 b. Opodeldoc, Linimentum saponis camphoratum
 b.  Ophthalmicum rubrum, Unguentum hydrar-
 gyri nitrico-oxydi—b. Persicum, Tinctura  benzo-
 ini composita — b. Peruvianum, see Myroxylon
 Peruiferum—b.  Saturninum,  Unguentum plumbi
 superacetatis — b. Scherzeri,  Balsam of life of
 Hoffmann — b. Stomachicum, Balsam of life of
 Hoffmann—b. Styracis, Styrax—b.  Styracis ben-
 zoini,  Benjamin — b.  Succini, see Succinum — b.
 Sulphuris  Barbadense, Petroleum sulphuratum—
 b.  Sulphuris  simplex, Oleum sulphuratum — b.
 Syriacum, see Amyris opobalsamum—b. Toluta-
 tnnum, see Toluifera balsamum—b. Tranquillans
 seu Tranquillum, Balsam, tranquil — b. Trauma-
 ticum, Tinctura benzoini composita—b. Univer-
 sale, Unguentum plumbi superacetatis—b. Viride,
 Balsam, green, of Metz;  see Fagara octandra.
   BALSAM US, Balsam.—b. Palustris, Mentha
 aquatica.
   BALSEM, Amyris opobalsamum.
   BAMBA. Bamboo.
   BAMBALIA, Balbuties.
   BAMBA'LIO, Bam'balo,  Bttla'tro, from 0ap-
 (ianor; T  speak inarticulately.'   One who  stam-
 mers or lisps, or utters  inarticulate sounds.  Ae-
j cording to Krause, one who speaks as if he bad
 pap in his mouth, or as if his tongue were para-
I lyzed.
   BAMBOO,  (F.) Bambou, Bambu.  Earn.  Gra-
i mineae.  Sex. Syst. Hexandria Monogynia.  The
I young shoots of Bambos ar-undina'cea, Arun'eto
: bambos, Bambu'sa artirielintlcea, and of Bamui-s
 vcrticilla'ta, contain a saccharine pith, of wmch 
BAMBOS  ARUNDINACEA    11
6
BANDEAU
tbe people of both the  Indies  are  very fond.
They are sometimes made into a pickle.
  BAMBOS  ARUNDINACEA,  Bamboo—b.
Verticillata, Bamboo.
  BAMBUSA ARUNDINACEA, Bamboo.
  BAMIX MOSCHATA, Hibiscus abelmoschus.
  BAMMA, from jSanroi,  'I plunge,' 'a paint; a
dye.' Anciently, liquids were so called, in which
certain bodies were plunged, to moisten or soften
them.  In tbe case of tea, for instance, into which
bread is dipped, the tea would be the bamma.
  BANANA, Musa sapientum.
  BANANTER, Musa sapientum.
  BANAUSIA, Charlatanry.
  BANC D'HIPP OCR ATE, Bathron.
  BANCAL, (F.) One who has deformed legs.
It includes the valgus,  compernis,  and  varus,
which see.
  BANCROCHE, (F.) A vulgar  epithet for a
rickety individual.
  BAND, PRIMITIVE,  see Nerve Fibre.
  BAN'DAGE,  Desma,  Syndes'mus,  Ilypodes'-
mis,  Hypodesma,  Hypodes'mus,  (the  last three
signify properly  an under bandage.)  A binder,
from Sax.  bindan, 'to bind.'   This  word, with
the French, is generally used to express the me-
thodical  application of rollers,  compresses,  &c,
Ban'daging, Syn'desis, to fix an apparatus upon
any  part,—corresponding to the words deligiltio,
fascia'tia, fascia'rum applica'tio, epid'esis. With
us the noun is usually applied to  the result of the
application, or to the bandage itself;—a sense in
which the French employ tbe word Bande, Ban-
dages are simple or compound.  The simple ban-
dage is equal, if the turns are applied circularly
above each other;  unequal, if tbe turns are not
accurately applied upon each other.  If each turn
of the bandage  be  only covered one-third, it
forms the doloire  of  the French; if the edges
touch only slightly, it is the moussi ; if the turns
are very oblique and  separated, it is  the spiral
or creeping, (F.)  rampant;  if folded  upon each
other, it  is termed the  reversed,  (F.) renverse.
By uniting various kinds of bahdaging,  we have
the  compound;  and  these compound bandages
have received various names expressive of their
figure, or of the parts to which they are applied,
as capistrum, spica, &c.  Bandages are  divided,
also, as regards their uses, into uniting, dividing,
retaining, expelling, compressing, &c.
  Bandage or Roller, Fas'cia, Ta'nia, Epides'-
mos, Vin'culum, the Bande of the  French.  It may
be made  of linen, flannel, or other stuff capable
of offering a certain resistance.  The  two extre-
mities of a  bandage are  called tails,  (F.) chefs,
and  the rolled part is  termed its head, (F.) globe.
If rolled  at both extremities, it is called a double-
headed  roller or  bandage,  (F.) Bande  d deux
globes.
  BANDAGE 1  BANDELETTES  SEPA-
REES, Bandage of separate strips.
  Bandage, Body, Mantlle,  (F.) Bandage de
Corps, is used for fixing dressings, Ac,  to the
trunk.  It is formed of a towel, napkin, or some
large compress, folded three or  four  times; the
extremities of which are  fastened by pins.  This
is again fixed by means of the scapulary bandage,
which is  nothing more  than  an ordinary ban-
dage, stitched  to  the anterior and middle  part
of the napkin,  passing  over the  clavicles  and
behind the head,  to be attached to the back  part
of the napkin.
  Bandage, Compound, see Bandage.
  Bandage, Compressing,  or  Roller, Fascia
compresslva seu  convolu'ta, (F.) Bandage com-
pressive  ou rouli, is the  simple roller with one
head; and is employed in cases of ulcers, varices,
Ac, of the limbs.  Whenever this roller is applied
to the lower part of the  limbs, it is carried up-
wards by the doloire and reversed methods above
described.
  Bandage,  Compressive, see Bandage,  com-
pressing—b. de Corps, see Bandage—b. Dividing,
see Bandage — b. Divisif, Dividing bandage —J.
ddix-huit Chefs, Bandage,  eighteen-tailed—b. en
Doloire, Doloire — b. Double-headed,  see Band-
age.
  Bandage, Eighteen-tatled, Fas'cia oetod'.
ecim capit'ibm, (F.)  Bandage  d  dix-huit chefs.
This bandage is  made of a longitudinal portion
of a common roller;  and with  a sufficient num-
ber of transverse pieces or tails, to cover  as mud,
of the  part as  is requisite.  It is a very useful
bandage, inasmuch as it can be undone without
disturbing the part.
  Bandage, Exiklling, see Bandage.
  Bandage, Galen's, B. for the Poor, Fas'cia
Gale'ni seu Pau'perum,  (F.) Bandage de Galien
ou des  Pauvres, Ga'lea, is a kind of cucnllus  or
hood, (F.)  Couvrechefi, divided into three parts
on each side; of which Galen has given a de-
scription.   See Cancer Galeni.
  Bandage of Genga, Bandage  of Theden—b,
Hernial, see Truss — b. Immovable, Apparatus,
immovable.
  Bandage, In'guinal,  Fas'cia inguina'lis.  A
bandage  for keeping dressings applied to the
groin.  It  consists of a cincture, to which is at-
tached a triangular compress, adapted for e»ver-
ing the groin.  To the lower extremity of this,
one or two  bandages  are  attached, which  pass
under the thigh,  and are fixed to the posterior
part of the  cincture.  This bandage may be either
simple  or double.
  Other bandages will be found described under
their various names.
  BANDAGE   DES PAUVRES,  Bandage,
Galen's—b.  Permanent, Apparatus, immovable—
b. of the Poor, see Bandage, Galen's, and Cancer
Galeni—b. Rampant,  see Bandage—b. Renverse,
see Bandage—b. Rouli, see  Bandage—b.  of Scul-
tetus, Bandage  of  separate  strips.
  Bandage of  separate Strips, or B. of Sccl-
te'tus, Fas'cia fiasci'olis separa'tim  dispos'ii'n
seu Sculte'ti, (F.) Bandage  d bandelettes  sipariet
ou de Scultet.  This is formed of  linen strips,
each capable of surrounding once and a  half the
part to which they have to be applied, and placed
upon each other, so as to cover  successively one-
third of their width.  It  is  used chiefly  for frac-
tures, requiring frequent  dressing.
  Bandage, Simple, see  Bandage.
  Bandage of Theden, B. of  Genga.   A band-
age employed, at times, in  brachial aneurism,
which commences  at the  fingers, and extends  to
the axilla.
  Bandage, Under, Hypodesmis — b. Unequal,
see  Bandage—b.  Unissant,  Uniting  bandage—b.
Uniting, see Bandage, and  Uniting bandage.
  BANDAGING,  see Bandage—b. Doctrine of,
Desmaturgia.
  BAN'DAGIST,  (F.) Bandagiste.  One whose
business it is to make bandages, and especially
those for hernia.
  BANDE,  Bandage.  The  word  Bande,  in
anatomy, is used  by the  French for various nar-
row, flat, and elongated expansions.
  BANDE  A  DEUN GLOBES, see Bandage.
  BANDE D'HELIODORE, a kind of bandage
for supporting the mammae.
  BANDEAU, (F.)  A kind of simple bandage,
which  consists  of a piece  of cloth, folded four
times,  and   applied round  the head.   There is
also  the Bandeau  ou Mouchoir  en triangle  or 
BANDELETTE          117          BARII  CHLORIDUM
triangular bandage, a kind of couvrechcf, made
of a square piece  of cloth, or of a handkerchief,
folded diagonally, and applied round the head.
  BANDELETTE, (F.)  Diminutive  of Bande
Fascio/a,  Tanio/a, Vitta ;  a narrow bandage,
strip, or fillet.   Also Taenia semicircularis.
  B A NI) EL E TTES AGGLUTINATlVES.
Small strips, covered  with a  glutinous plaster.
 Vitta agabiiinan'tes.   See Agglutinant.
  RAXDELETTES  DECOUPES,  are  strips
of linen, notched on one edge, and covered,  on
one side,  with  oiutment.   They are  applied to
wounds to prevent the lint from sticking, and the
laceration of the cicatrix.
  BAXDELETTE SEMICIRCULATRE, Tae-
nia semicircularis—b. des Comes d'ammon, Corpus
fimbriatuui—6. des Eminences  pyriformes, Taenia
semicircularis—b. de IHippocampe,  Corpora fiin-
briata.
   BANDURA, Nepentha destillatoria.
  BANDY-LEGGED, Cnemoscoliosis.
   BANEBERRY, Actaea spicata.
  BANGUE, Bhang,  Bang, Bangi or  Beng, Sed-
hee, Subjee.   Adanson believes this  to be tbe Ne-
penthes of the ancients.  The largest  leaves and
capsules without the stalks of Can'nabis Irldica,
(F.) Chancre Indien, Indian hemp, probably iden-
tical with C. sativa.  Family, Urticeae. Sex. Syst.
Dicecia Pentandria.   The leaves and flowers of
Cannabis are narcotic and astringent.   They are
chewed and smoked.   The  seeds, mixed with
opium, areca, and sugar, produce a kind of intoxi-
cation, and  are used for this purpose by the peo-
ple of India,  An alcoholic extract of the  plant,
 Churrus—Extrac'titm  Can'nabis (Ph. U. S.)—has
been used in India, and  since then in Europe and
in this country, as a narcotic and anti-convulsive,
in the dose  of from half a grain to ten or more.
 It requires,  however, great caution in its adminis-
stration.  The pure resin — Cannabine, Haschis-
chine — is active in the dose of two-thirds of a
grain.
   The dried plant, which has flowered, and from
 which the  resin  has  not been removed, called
 Gunjah, Ganjah,  Guaza, and  Guazah,  Haschisch,
 ITaschich, Hachisch, Hashish, or  Chaschiseh, of
 the Arnbs, consists of the tops and tender parts
 only of the  plant, collected immediately after in-
 florescence,  and simply  dried.
   BANICA. Pastinaca sativa.
   BANTLAS, Vanilla.
   BANILLA, Vanilla.
   BANILLOES. Vanilla.
   RANISTE'RIA  ANCULO'SA.  This plant,
 in  Brazil and the Antilles, passes for a powerful
 sudorific, and an antidote to  the poison of ser-
 pents.
   BANKSIA ABYSSINICA, Hagenia Abyssi-
 nica—b. Speciosa., Costus.
   BANNIERES, MINERAL  WATERS  OF.
 Ban meres is a village in  Quercy, diocess of Ca-
 hors, France.  The waters are probably  chaly-
 beate.  They are celebrated in amenorrhcea,  ca-
 chexia, jaundice. <fcc
   BA'OiiAB, Adanso'nia digita'ta,  of Africa.
 Nat.  Ord. Bombaceae.  One  of the largest pro-
ductions of  the vegetable kingdom.   Its fruit is
called, in the country, Pain de singe.   The pulp
 is sourish, and  agreeable to eat; and a refreshing
drink is made from it,  which is used in fevers.
Prospero  Alpini and Dr. L. Frank think that the
 Terra Lemnia was prepared,  in Egypt, from the
pulp.    All  the parts  of the Baobab  abound in
mucilage.   The bark has been given as a substi-
tute for cinchona,
  BAPTISIA LEUCANTHA. see Sophora tinc-
toria—b. Tinctoria, Sophora tinctoria.
  BAPTISTERIUM, Baignoire.
  BAPT0RRH03A, see Gonorrhoea.
  BARAQUETTE (¥.).  A name given by Ra-
sous, physician at Nismes, in  France, to a catar-
rhal epidemy,  which occurred there in 1761. See
Influenza.
  BARATHRON, Juniperus sabina.
  BARATHRUM, Antrum.
  BARB A, Beard—b. Aaronis, Arum maculatum
—b. Caprae, Spiraea ulmaria—b. Hirci, Tragopo-
gon—b. Jovis, Sempervivum tectorum.
  BARBADOES, see West Indies —b. Leg, see
Elephantiasis.
  BARBAREA, Erysimum barbarca—b. Stricta,
Erysimum barbarea.
  BARBAROS'S^  PIL'ULvE,  Barbaros'sa's
Pills.  An  ancient composition of quicksilver,
rhubarb, diagridium, musk, <5bc  It was the first
internal mercurial medicine which obtained any
real credit.
  BAR RE, Beard—b. de Bone, Tragopogon.
  BARBEAU, Centaurea cyanus, Cyanus sege-
tum.
  BARBER-CHIRUR'GEONS.   A Corporation
of London, instituted by King Edward IV.  The
barbers were separated from the surgeons,  by 18
Geo. II., c. 15; and the latter  were erected into a
Reryal  College  of Surgtons at the commencement
of the present  century.
  BARBERS, ARMY, see Bathers.
  BARBERIE,  MINERAL WATERS  OF.
These  mineral waters  are half  a league from
Nantes.  They contain  carbonic acid, chlorides
of magnesium  and sodium, sulphate of magnesia,
carbonates of magnesia, lime, and iron.  They are
used as chalybeates.
  BARBERRY, Oxycantha Galeni—b. Ameri-
can, see Oxycantha Galeni.
  BARBIERS.   A variety of paralysis chiefly
prevalent in India; and by many considered to
be the  same as Beriberi.   Beriberi is commonly
an acute disease.  Barbiers is generally chronic
  BARBITIUM, Beard.
  BAR-BONE, Pubis, os.
  BARBOTINE, Artemisia Santonica.
  BARBULA CAPRINA, Spiraea ulmaria.
  BARCLAY'S ANTIBILIOUS PILLS, Pilulee
antibiliosae.
  BARDADIA, Pound.
  BARD ANA, Arctium lappa — b. Minor, Xan-
thium.
  BARDANE PETITE, Xanthium.
  BAREGES, MINERAL  WATERS  OF.
Bareges is a village in the department of Hautes
Pyrenees, near which  are several springs.  They
are sulphureous and  thermal, the heat varying
from 85° to 112° Fahrenheit.  They contain chlo-
rides of magnesium and sodium, sulphates of mag-
nesia and lime,  carbonate of lime, sulphur, &c.
These  springs have long enjoyed a high reputa-
tion, and  are daily advised in  cutaneous and
scrofulous affections, &c.  A nitrogenized matter
was first found in these waters, and afterwards in
other sulphureous  springs, to which Longchamp
gave the name Baregine.
  Factitious  Bareges  Water,  A qua  Baregi-
nen'sis seu Baretginen'sis, (F.) Eau de Bari;/es,
is made by adding hydrosulphuretted water; f^W,
to pure water, f ^xvijss, carbonate of soda, gr. xvj,
chloride of sodium, gr. ss.  Bottle closely.
  BAREGINE, see Bareges.
  BARGADA, Convolvulus pes caprae.
  BARGOU.  An alimentary  preparation formed
of ground oats, boiled to aproper consistence with
water.
  BARIGLIA, Soda.
  BARII CHLORIDUM, Baryta, muriate of—
b. lodidum, Baryta, hydriodate of. 
BARILLA                118                 BARYTA
  BARILLA, Soda—b. Alicant, Soda —b. Car-
thagena, Soda—b. Turkey, Soda.
  BARILLOR, Soda.
  BA'RIUM. Ba'ryum,  Bar-ylium, Pluto'nium,
from  (3apvs, ' heavy.'  The  metallic base of ba-
ryta,  so called from the great density of its com-
pounds.
  Barium, Chloride  of, Baryta, muriate of—
b. Chlorure de, Baryta, muriate of—b. Iodatum,
and Iodide of, Baryta, hydriodate of—b. Protox-
ide of, Baryta,
  BARK,  Cinchona—b. Arica, see Cinchonae cor-
difoliae cortex—b. Ash, see  Cinchona—b. Bitter,
Pinckneya pubens—b. Bogota, see Cinchona—b.
Calisaya, Cinchonae  cordifoliae cortex — b. Cali-
saya, spurious, see Cinchonae cordifoliae cortex—
b. Carabaya. see Cinchonae cordifoliae cortex—b.
Caribaean, Cinchonae Caribaeae cortex—b. Cartba-
gena, see Cinchona—b. Coquetta, see Cinchona
—  b.  Crown, Cinchonae  lancifoliae cortex — b.
Cusco,  see  Cinchonae  cordifoliae  cortex — b.
Doom, Sassy-bark—b. Elk, Magnolia glauca—b.
Essential  salt of,  see  Cinchona — b.  Florida,
Pinckneya pubens—b. Fusagasuga,see Cinchona
— b. Georgia, Pinckneya pubens — b. Gray, see
Cinchona—b. Huamilies, see Cinchona—b. Hua-
nuco, see Cinchona—b. Indian, Magnolia  glauca.
— b. Iron, see Kino — b. Jesuit's, Cinchona — b.
Jaen, see  Cinchona—b.  Lima, see Cinchona—b.
Loxa, Cinchonae  lancifoliae  cortex—b. Pale,  Cin-
chonae lancifoliae cortex—b. Maracaybo, see Cin-
 chona—b. Ordeal, Sassy-bark—b. Peruvian, Cin-
chona—b. Pitaya, Cinchonae Caribaeae cortex, see
 Cinchona—b. Red,  Cinchonae oblongifoliae cortex
—b.  Royal, Cinchonae cordifoliae cortex—b. of St.
 Ann, see Cinchonae  cordifoliae cortex"— b. Saint
 Lucia, Cinchonae Caribaeae cortex—b. Santa Mar-
 tha,  see  Cinchona  — b.  Sassy,  Sassy-bark—b.
 Seven,  Hydrangea  arborescens — b. Silver, see<
 Cinchona—b. Yellow, Cinchonae cordifoliae cortex.
    BARLERIA BUXIFOLIA, Cara schulli.
    BARLEY-BREE, Cerevisia.
    Barley-Corn, Cerevisia,
    Barley,  Pearl, see Hordeum — b.  Scotch,
 Hordeum
    Barley-Water,  Deeoctum hordei.
    BARM, Yest,
    BARN, Infans.
    BARNET, MINERAL WATERS OF.  Barnet
 is  not far from London.  The water is of a purg-
 ing  quality, like that of Epsom, and about half
 the strength.
    BAROMACROM'ETER,  Padobaromacrom'-
 eter, Padom'eter, from jiapos,  ' weight,'  paKpos,
  'long,' and  ptrpov, 'measure'   An instrument
 invented  by Stein to indicate the length and
  weight of a new-born infant.
    BAROM'ETER,   limoscop'ium,  Ba'roscope,
  from (iapos,  ' weight,'  and perpov, 'measure.' (F.)
  Barometre.   An instrument which  measures the
  weight of the air.  A certain  degree of  density
  in this medium is  necessary for health.   When
  we ascend high mountains, great inconvenience
  is experienced, owing to the diminished density.
  Changes  of this character are  indicated by the
  Barometer or weather-glass.
    BA'ROS, (iapos, 'heaviness.' Employed by the
  Greek physicians to designate  the feeling of las-
  situde and heaviness observable in many diseases.
  —Hippocrates, Galen.
    BAROSCOPE, Barometer.
    BAROSMA  CRENATA, Diosma crenata.
    BA ROTE, Baryta.
    BAROTES SALITUS, Baryta, muriate of.
    BAR HAS, see Pinus sylvestris.
    BARRE, MINERAL WATERS OF.  Barre is
  a  small town, six leagues from Strasburg.  The
  waters are thermal, and contain much  iron, cal-
  careous salt, Ac.   They are diuretic and tonic
  BARRE (F.), Barrnre, Vara, 'a bar.'  A pro-
jection or prolongation of the symphysis pubis,
—a deformity rendering delivery difficult.
  BARREE (F.).  A term applied, in France, to
a female whose pelvis has the deformity described
under Barre.
  BARRES  (DENTS,),  Barred Teeth.  The
molar teeth, when the roots are spread or tortu-
ous, so that they  cannot be extracted without
being broken ; or without a portion of the alveo-
lar arch being removed.
  BARREL OF  THE EAR, Tympanum.
  BARREN,  Sterile.
  BARRENNESS, Sterilitas.
  BARROS, Terra Portugallica.
  BARRURE, Barre.
  BARTON'S FRACTURE, see Fracture of the
Radius, Barton's.
  BARYCOCCALON, Datura stramonium.
  BARYCOITA, Baryecoia,
  BARYECOI'A,  Bttrycoi'ta, Bradyeeola, Pa.
racn'sia  obtu'sa, Disecola, Dysecvc'a,  Attdi'tm
diffic'ilis,  A.  gravis, A. immiiiu'tus,  Obnitdi'tio,
 Obaudltus,  Iliipocopho'sis,  Hypochyro'sis, (F.)
Dureti d'Oreille, Dysecie,  from fiapvs,  'heavy,'
and  aKon, ' hearing.'   Hardness of hearing, in-
complete deafness.   See Cophosis, and Deafness.
   BARYGLOSSIA, Balbuties,  Baryphonia.
   BARYI HYDRAS IODATI, Baryta, hydrio-
date of.
   BARYLALIA,_Baryphonia.
   BARYOD'YNE, fromfiapvs, 'heavy,'andoowri,
 'pain.'  A dull,  heavy pain.
   BARYPHO'NIA, Baryglos'si", Baryla'lia, Lo-
 qtte'la impedi'ta, from  flapvs, 'heavy,' and #u>wi,
 ' voice.'  Difficulty of voice or speech.
   BARYPICRON, Artemisia abrotanum.
   BARYSOMATIA, Polysarcia adiposa,
   BARYSOMATICA,  Polysarcia adiposa.
   B A R Y ' T A, from  fiapvs, ' heavy,'  Papvrtis,
 'weight.'   Terra pondero'sa,  Bary'tes, Protvx'-
 ide of Ba'rium,  Heavy Earth, Ponderous Earth,
 (F.) Baryte,  Barote, Terre pesante.   This earth
 and its soluble salts are all highly corrosive poi-
 sons.  It is never  employed in  medicine in the
 pure state.  When externally applied, it is caus-
 tic, like potassa and soda.
   Bary'ta,  Carbonate of, Baryta Car'bonas,
 (Ph. U.S.), (F.)  Carbonate de Baryte, Craie baro-
 tique, is only used  officinally to  obtain the  mu-
 riate.
   Baryta, Hydri'odate of, Baryta Hydri'odas,
 Baryta Hydriod'ica, Hyelras Baryi loda'ti:—
 (in the dry state, Iodide of Barium, Barii Iod'-
 idurn, Ba'rium loda'lum,) has been given in scro-
 fulous and  similar  morbid conditions.  It  may
 be  administered internally in the dose of  one-
 eighth of a grain  three or four times a day, and
 be applied externally to scrofulous  swellings, in
 the form of ointment, (gr. iv to ^j of lard.)
    Baryta Hydriodica, Baryta, hydriodate of.
    Baryta,  Mu'riate  or  Hydrociilorate  of,
 Bary'ta  mu'rias,   Chlo'ride of Ba'rium, Ba'm
  Chlo'ridum (Ph. U. S.), Chlo'rnret of Ba'rium,
  Terra pondero'sa  sali'ta seu muria'ta, Sal mnri-
  at'icum  barot'icum, Baro'tes  sali'tus, (F.) Chlo-
  rure de barium, is the combination  chiefly used.
  The Muriate of  Baryta may be formed as follows;
  Baryt. Carbon, in frustulis, Ibj; Acid.  Muriat,
  f^xij ; Aqua Oiij.  Mix the acid with the water,
  and gradually add the Carbonate of Baryta. To-
  ward the close of the effervescence, apply a gentle
  heat, and, when the action has ceased, filter the
  liquor, and boil  it  down so that Crystals may form
  as it cools.—Ph. U. S.
    It is given in the form of the Solu'tio Muria'tU
  Baryta, Liquor Barii Chlo'ridi, Ph. U. S.,  Aqua
  baryta  muria'tis, (F.) Solution de Muriate dt 
BARYTE
119        BASSIA  BUTYRACEA
 Baryte, (Muriate of Baryta, one part; distilled
 water, three parts,) and is employed in scrofulous i
 cases, worms, and cutaneous  diseases.   Exter-
 nally, to fungous  ulcers  and to specks on  the
 cornea.
   1'aryta, Sulphate of, Baryta  sulphas, (F.)
 Sulfate de Baryte, is used in pharmacy, like the
 carbonate, to obtain the chloride of barium.
   Baryt.e Carbonas, Baryta, carbonate of—b.
 Hydriodas, Baryta, hydriodate  of— b. Murias,
 Baryta, muriate of—b. sulphas, Baryta, sulphate
 of.
   BAR YTE, Baryta— b.  Carbonate de, Baryta,
 Carbi.nate of—b. sulfate de, Baryta, sulphate of.
   BAHVTIIMIA, Melancholy.
   BARYTIUM, Barium.
   BARVUM. Barium.
   BAS-FONU.jce Urinary Bladder.
   BAS-LASSE, Stocking, laced.
   HAS- VENTRE, Abdomen.
   B.ASAAL.  The name of an Indian  tree, the
 decoction of whose leaves, in water, with ginger,
 is used as a gargle in diseases of the fauces.  The
 kernels of  the fruit are vermifuge.
   B AS AN AS TRA'GAL A, from ihnruvos,  'torture,'
 and aarpayaXos, ' the astragalus.' Pain in  the ankle
 joint;  gout in the foot.
   BASA.\ IS'MOS, from 0aoavt$eiv, 'to  explore.'
 'A touch-stone'  Investigation  or examination.
 —Hippocrates, Galen.
   BASE, Basis, from (laivu, 'I proceed,' ' I rest,'
 'I support myself.'  That which serves as a foun-
 dation or support.  That which enters, as a prin-
 cipal matter, into a mixture or combination.  In
 anatomy, it is employed in the former sense, as
 Base of the Cranium,  Base of the Brain — Basis
 seu Pariuieiltum cere'bri ;  Base of a process, Ji-c.,
 Base of the heart—Basis vel coro'na cordis.  In
 dentistry, it means a metallic,  ivory, or hippopo-
 tamus plate, which is used as a support for arti-
 ficial teeth.  In  the art of  prescribing,  Basis is
 the chief substance which enters into a compound
 formula.
   BASE-BORN, Illegitimate.
   BASEMENT  MEMBRANE,  see  Membrane,
 basement,
   BASIATIO, Coition.
   BASIATOR, Orbicularis oris.
   BASIL, BUSH, Ocymum caryophyllatum—b.
 Citron,  Ocymum  basilicum — b. Common,  Ocy-
 mum basilicum — b. Small, Ocymum caryophyl-
 latum—b. Wild, Chenopodium vulgare—b. Wild,
 Cunila  mariana — b.  Wild, Pycnauthemum  in-
 canum.
   BASILAD, see Basilar Aspect.
   BASTLAR, Basila'ris,  Bas'ilary, (F.)  Basi-
 laire.  That  which belongs  to  the base,  from
 (laois, 'base.'   This name has been given to seve-
 ral parts,  which seem  to serve as basis to others.
 The sacrum and sphenoid have been so called.
   Basil ah  Artery, A. basila'ris seu cervica'lis,
 (F.) Arte"re ou Tronc basilaire, A. misocephalique
 (Ch.)  The union of the  two vertebral  arteries.
 It ascends along the middle groove  on  the  infe-
 rior  surface of the tuber, and is supported, be-
 neath, by the Fossa  basilaris.  It terminates in
 the posterior cerebral arteries.
  Basilar  Aspect. Au aspect towards  the base
 of the head.—Barclay.  Basilad  is used adverb-
 ially by the same writer to  signify  'towards the
 basilar aspect.'
  Basilar  Fossa, (F.) Gouttie're ou Fosse  basi-
 laire, is the  upper surface of the basila-ry process,
 — so called because it is channeled  like a  Fossa
 or Gutter.  The Tuber annulare rests upon it.
  Basilar  Process,  Proces'sns  basila'ris  ossis
occip'itis  ten cuneifior'mis  ossis  occip'itis, (F.)
Apaphi/se  Basilaire, Prolongemenl sous-occipital,
Ca'rieiform Procens, is the bony projection, formed I
  by the inferior angle of the os occipitis, which is
  articulated with the sphenoid.
    Basilar Sinus, Sinus transversus.
    Basilar Surface, (F.)  Surface basilaire,  is
  the inferior surface of the process.  It is covered
  by the mucous membrane of the pharynx.
    Basilar Vertebra.   The last vertebra of the
  loins.
    BASILTC,  Basil'icus,  (F.) Basilique,  from
  PaoiXiKos, 'royal.'  This name was given, by the
  ancients, to parts which they  conceived to play
  an important part in the animal economy.
    Basilic Vein, Vena basilica seu cu'biti inte'-
  rior, (F.) Veine Basilique, Veine  cubitale cuta-
  nie of Chaussier.   This  vein is one of those  on
  which the operation of bloodletting is performed.
  It is situate at the internal part of the fold of the
  elbow, in front of  the  humeral artery,  and  is
  formed  by the  anterior and  posterior  cubital
  veins,  and by the median basilic.  It terminates,
  in the  arm-pit,  in  the  axillary vein.  The an-
  cients thought, that the  basilic of the right arm
  had some connexion with the liver, and hence
  they called it hepatic.  The vein of the left arm,
  for a  similar reason, they called  splenic.  The
  Median  Basilic Vein, (F.)  Veine midiane basi-
  lique,  is  one of  the branches of the preceding
  vein.  It joins the  median cephalic  at an acute
  angle, or rather by a transverse branch, and re-
  ceives some branches of  the deep radial and cu-
  bital veins, and a considerable  subcutaneous vein
  —the  common median.
    BASILIC COM MUX, Ocymum basilicum—b.
  Sauvage, grand, Chenopodium  vulgare.
    BASILTCON,  Basilicum.   'Royal,'  or of
  great virtue.   An  ointment, composed of yellow
  wax, black pitch, and resin,  of each one part,
  olive oil, four  parts. Hence it was  called Un-
  guen'tum  Tetraphar'macum, (rerpa<pappaKa, 'four
  drugs.')—Celsus.   Scribonius Largus.
    Basilicon,  Basilicum, of the Parisian  Codex,
  is the Onguent de Poix et  de Cire. In most Phar-
  macopoeias, it is represented by the Unguen'tum
  or Cera'turn Reslna.  It is used as a stimulatiug
  ointment.  See Ceratum Resinae, and Unguen-
  tum Resinae Nigrae.
    BASILICUM,  Basilicon,  Ocymum Basilicum
  — b. Citratum, Ocymum  basilicum — b. Majus,
  Ocymum  basilicum.
    BASILIQUE,  Basilic.
    BASILISCUS, Syphilis.
    B A S10 - C E R A T 0 -CHONDRO-GLOSSUS,
  Hyoglossus.
    BASIO-CER'ATO-GLOSSUS, from (iaats,
  'base,' Kepas,  'cornu,'and  yXoioaa,  'tongue.'  A
  naiae given to a part of the hyoglossus, which is
  inserted into the cornu of the os hyoides and base
  of the  tongue.
    BASIOCES'TRUM, from  jWij,  'the  base,'
  and Ktarpa, 'a dart.'   An instrument for opening
  the bead of the foetus in utero,  invented by Mes-
  ler, a German.
   BA'SIO-GLOS'SUS, Hypseloglos'sits, Ilyoba-
 sioglossus, Ypseloglos'sus, from  (iaois, 'base,' and
  yXwaaa, ' the tongue.' A name formerly given  to
  the portion of the hyoglossus which is inserted
  into the base of the os hyoides.—Riolan, Thomas
  Bartholine.   See Lingual Muscle.
   BASIO PHARYNG.E'US, from (iaats, 'base,'
 and ipapvyl, 'the pharynx.'  A name given  tc
 some fibres of the constrictor pharyngis medius.
I —Winslow.
|   BASIS, see Prescription—b. Cerebri, Base of
 the Brain—b. Cordis, Radix cordis—b. Corporis,
 Sole.
   BASSI-COL'ICA.   Name of a medicine com-
 posed  of aromatics  and  honey. — Scribonius
 Largus.
   BASSIA BUTYRACEA, see Spirit, (Arrack.) 
BASS IX
120
BATH
     BASSIN, Pelvis—6. Oculaire, Scaphium ocu-
   lare.
     BASSIXER, Fovc're, to foment.
     BASSINET, Pelvis of the kidney, Ranunculus
   bulbosus.
     BAS'SORA, GUM-   A  gum, obtained  from a
   plant unknown, which  came originally from the
   neighbourhood  of Bassora, on  the Gulf of Per-
   sia, whence its name.  It is in irregularly shaped
   pieces, white or yellow, and intermediate in  its
   transparency between  gum Arabic and gum tra-
   gacanth.   Only  a  small  portion is  soluble  in
   water.  The insoluble  portion is a peculiar prin-
   ciple, called Bassorin.   It is not used  in  medi-
   cine ;  but bassorin enters into the composition of
   several substances.
     BASSORIN,  see Bassora gum.
/    BASS WOOD, Tilia Americana.
     BASTARD, Illegitimate.
     BATA, Musa Paradisiaca.
     BATATA DE PURGA.  The Brasilian and
   commercial name of the purgative, feculent, and
   gum-resinous roots of two plants of the  family
   Convolvulaceae, the one called Jeticucu,, Mechoa-
   cau, Convolvulus meehoacarlna, the Piptoste'gia
   Piso'nis of  Von Martius ;  the other Convolvulus
   opercula'tus, the Ipoma'a  seu Piptoste'gia oper-
   cttla'ta  of Von Martius.
     BATA'TAS.  The  inhabitants of  Peru gave
   this appellation to  several tuberous roots, espe-
   cially  to  Convolvulus  Batatas or Sweet Potato.
   Our word, Potato, comes from this.  See Solanum
   tuberosum.
     BATEMAN'S  PECTORAL DROPS, see Pec-
   toral Drops, Bateman's.
     BATERION,  Bathron.
     BATES'S ALUM WATER, Liquor  aluminis
   compositus — b. Anodyne  Balsam, Linimentum
   saponis et opii — b. Camphorated Water, Lotion,
   camphorated, of Bates—b. Collyrium, see Lotion,
   camphorated, of Bates.
     BATH,  Anglo-Saxon baS, Balneum,  Bala-
   ne'um,  Baline'um,  Loutron,  (Old Eng.) Baine,
   (F.) Bain.  Immersion, or stay, for a longer  or
   shorter duration, of the whole  or a part  of the
   body, in some medium, as water.  Act of plung-
   ing  into a liquid, sand, or other substance,  in
   which it is the custom to bathe, Plunge Bath.
   Also, the  vessel in which  the water  is put for
   bathing.  Also, a public or private establishment
   for bathing.   The common water-bath, used for
   hygienic as  well as for therapeutical purposes,  is
   the Bain simple  ou hygiinique of the French.
     In Pharmacy, a vessel, placed over  a  fire, and
   filled with  any  substance, into  which another
   vessel is placed, containing matters for digestion,
   evaporation, or distillation.
     Bath, Acid, Balneum ac"idum (Acid, muriat.
   Ibij ; Aqua  cong. lxvi.  One half, one  third,  or
   one  fourth the quantity of acid is more frequently
   employed.)
     Bath, Acid, Scott's, see Scott's Acid Bath —
   b. Air,  hot,  see Bath,  hot — b.  Air,  warm, see
   Bath, hot.
     Bath, Al'kalinb, Balneum alkali'num.  This
   maybe made of half a pound or a pound of pearl-
   itsh or of carbonate of  soda, to sixty-six gallons
   of water.
     Bath, An'imal, Balneum anima'le, consists  in
   wrapping  an animal recently killed, or its skin,
   around  the body, or some part of it.
     Bath, Antipsor'ic,  Balneum antipso'ricum.
   Recommended in cases of itch and other  cuta-
   neous diseases.   (Potass,  sulphuret. ^iv,  Aqua
   cong. lx.)
     Bath, Antisyphilit'ic, Balneum antisyphilil-
   icum, Mercu'rial bath.  Made by dissolving from
   two drachms to an ounce of the corrosive chloride
   of mercury in sixty gallons of water.            I
    Bath, Arm, Brachilu'vium.  A bath for the arm.
    Bath, Cold, see Bath, hot—b. Cool, see Bath,
  hot.
    Bath, Dry, is one made of ashes,  salt, sand,
  Ac.  The ancients used these frequently for the-
  rapeutical purposes.
    Bath, Earth, Arenatio.
    Bath, Elec'tric, (F.) Bain, ilectrique, consists
  in  placing  the  person  upon  an insulated stool,
  communicating,  by a  metallic  wire,  with  the
  principal conductor of  the electrical machine in
  action.  The Electric Bath produces general ex-
  citement  of all the functions, and especially of
  the circulation and secretions.
    Bath, Foot,  Pedilu'vium, (F.) Bain de Pied,
  a bath for the feet.
    Bath,  Gelat'inous,   Balneum  gelatino'sum.
  Made by dissolving two pounds of gelatin or glue
  in a gallon  of water.  A gelatino-sulphurous bath
  may  be made by adding a pound of glue, previ-
  ously dissolved in water, to the sulphur bath.
    Bath, General, (F.) Bain Entier, is one  in
  which the  whole body is  plunged, except  the
  head; in  contradistinction  to the purtial bath,
  Merobalane'um, Merobal'neum.
    Bath, Half,  Semicit'pium, Excalhis'ma, In-
  ces'sio, Inccs'sus, is one adapted for half the  body.
  One,  for receiving only  the hips or extremities, is
  also so called.
    The Sitz-bath,  (G.) Sitzbad, of the hydropa-
  thists is a tub of cold water, in which the patient
  sits for a variable period.
   Bath, Hand, Manulu'vium,  (F.) Bain de  Main
  ou Manillave, is a bath for the hands.
   Bath, Head, Capitilu'vium, (F.) Bain de Tele
  ou  Cupitiluve, a bath for the head.
   Bath, Hip,  Coxalu'viurn, (F.) Bain de  Fan-
  teuil,  Bain de Siige, is  one in which  the lower
  part of the  trunk and upper part of the thighs
  are immersed.
   Bath, Hot,  Balneum  Cal'idum,  Zcstolu'sia,
  (F.) Bain chaud, is a bath, the temperature of
  which is  98°  and upwards;  the Warm Bath
  from  92°  to 98°;  the  Tepid Bath, (F.)  Bain
  Tiede, Balneum tep'idnm, from  85° to 92° ; the
  Temperate Bath,  (F.) Bain  tempiri, from 75°
  to 85°; the Cool Bath,  (F.) Bain  frais,  from
  60° to 75°;  the Cold Bath, Balneum frig'idum,
  Frigida'rium,  (F.)  Bain froid, Bain tris froid,
  (of some,) from 30° to   60°;  and  the Vapour
  Batii, Balneum vapo'ris, (F.) Bain de Vapeur,
  Etuve Hnmicle, from 100° to 130°, and upwards.
  See Vaporarium.  A Warm Am Bath, or Hot
 Air Bath,  consists of  air  the  temperature  of
 which is raised.
   Bath, Med'icated, Balneum Medica'tum, (F.)
 Bain  midicinal, is  a bath, formed of decoctions
| or infusions of vegetable substances, or of any
 ingredient, introduced into the water for thera-
 peutical purposes.
   Bath,  Mercurial, Bath,  antisyphilitic — b.
 Nitro-muriatic acid, Scott's acid bath—b. Plunge,
 see Bath.
   Bath,  Sand, Balneum  Are'na, (F.) Bain de
 Sable, consists of a vessel filled with  sand, and
 placed over  the fire. Into this vessel,  the one is
 put which contains the substance to be evapo-
 rated.  See  Psammismus.
   Bath, Sea, Balneum  mari'num, (F.) Bain de
 mer.  A sea-water bath.
   Bath,  Shower, Implu'vium, ITipb-oco'nium,  is
 one in which  the water is  made to fall like a
 shower on the body. See Douche.
   Bath, Sitz, see Bath,  half.
   Bath, Steam, may be formed  by  introducing
 steam into a properly closed vessei in place of
 water, as in  the water bath.
   Bath, Succession, TransW'ion bath.  A term 
BATII
121
BAURAC
applied to the rapid succession or transition from
a cold to a warm or hot bath, or conversely.—
Bell.
  Bath,  Sulphur, Balneum Su/pllnris, Sulphu-
retted bath.   A  bath  much used in psora,  and
other chronic cutaneous  affections.  It may be
composed of two ounces of diluted sulphuric acid,
and eight ounces  of sulphuret of potassium added
to each bath; or  simply of the sulphuret of po-
tassium.
   Bath, Sulphur Vapour, see Sulphurous Acid.
   Bath, Tan.  An astringent  bath, prepared, at
times, by boiling two or three handfuls of ground
oak-bark, — such as is used by tanners — in  two
or  three quarts of water, for half an hour, and
then  adding the decoction to the water of the
bath.
   Bath,  Temperate, see Bath, hot—b. Tepid,
see Bath, hot—b. Transition, Bath, succession—
b.  Yapour, see Bath,  hot, and  Yaporarium — b.
Warm, sec Rath, hot.
   Bath,  Water, Balneum  Mar'ia  seu Maris,
(F.) Bain Marie, in chemistry, consists of a ves-
sel filled with boiling water, or  salt water,  in
which the vessel is placed, that contains the sub-
stance to be evaporated.

   Bathing is much employed in  the treatment of
 disease.   The  cold  bath, especially the cold sea
 bath,  is  a sedative and indirect tonic: the warm
 bath a relaxant; and the hot bath a stimulant.
   The regular use of the bath is extremely  con-
 ducive to health  ; but if too much indulged in, it
 is apt fo produce injurious effects.
   BATII  ALUM  SPRINGS, see Virginia,
 Mineral Waters of.
   BATH,  MINERAL  WATERS   OF, Aqua
 Batho'riia vel  Bad'iza, Aqua So/is, Aqua Bad'
 igua.  Celebrated  thermal  springs at Bath,  in
 England.   They contain  but little  impregnation,
 and  are chiefly  indebted  to their temperature,
 from  112°  to  117° Fahrenheit,  for their utility.
 The main ingredients are sulphate of lime, chlo-
 ride  of  sodium,  sulphate of soda, carbonate of
 lime,  protoxide  of  iron,  free carbonic acid and
 azote.
    These waters are  employed  in the  most hete-
 rogeneous cases; and  are serviceable where the
 simple thermal springs are indicated,  as in rheu-
 matism, paralysis, Ac.
    BATH  SPRINGS,  in  Berkley County,  Vir-
 ginia, is a mild  carbonated water: temperature
 73° Fahr.  It is a useful bath in cutaneous affec-
 tions, and is said to contain some of the salts of
 lime and magnesia.
    BA'THER,  same etymon; Balnea'rius, Bali-
 uca'tor,  Balnea'tor,  (F.) Baignc.ur.   One  who
 bathes.   Anciently, the name  was  given  to those
 that administered baths  to  the diseased, — the
 fituvistes of the  French.   At the present day, in
 remote  districts  in Germany, the country people
 call their medical practitioners Bader or 'bath-
 men,' and Feldscheeren or 'army  barbers.'
    BATII IN (J, see Bath.
    BATHMIS, BathniHs,  'base, support.'   The
 cavity of a bone, which receives the eminence  of
 another; and especially  the two Fossettes at the
 inferior  extremity of the  humerus into which tbe
 processes of the" ulna are received,  during the
 flexion and extension of  the fore-arm.
    BATIIRON, Buthrum Hippoc'ratis, Scamnum
 Hippoc'cutis. Bate'rion,  'a step, a ladder.'   (F.)
 Banc d'llippocrate.   An instrument,  used for the
 extension of a limb, in cases of fracture or luxa-
 tion.  The description of  it is  found in Galen,
 Oribasius, and Sciiltetus. with n figure.
    BAT 11 RUM HIPP0CRA1TS, Bathron.
    BAT I A, Retort.
    BAT1SSE,  MINERAL AVATERS OF.  Ba-
tisse is three  leagues from  Clermont, in France.
The water is tepid,  and contains subcarbonate
and sulphate  of soda, sulphates of lime and iron,
muriate of magnesia, and carbonate of lime.
  BATOS, Ruhus Idaeus.
  BATRACHUS, Ranula.
  BATTALISM'US, Battaris'mus, from fiarrapi-
$etv, 'to stammer.'  Balbuties.   Stammering with
incapacity to  pronounce the R.
  BATT'ALUS,  Baltarus, same  etymon.   A
stammerer, a stutterer.
  BATTARISMUS, Battalismus.
  BATTARUS, Battalus.
  BATTATA YIRGINIANA, Solanum tubero-
sum.
  BATTEMENS DOUBLES,  see  Bruit  du
Cceur fatal.
  BA TTEMENT, Pulsation.
  BAUDRICOURT, MINERAL WATERS OF.
Baudricourt  is a town  of France, two  leagues
and a half from Mirecourt. The waters  are sul-
phureous.
  BAUD RUCHES, Condom.
  BAUHIN,  VALVE  OF, Valve of  Tul'pius,
 V.  of Fallo'pius, V. of  Yaro'lius,  Ileo-eoecal
 Valve,  Ileo-colic Valve, Valvnla Ilei,  Valvula
Coli, V.  Caci,  Ojier'eulum llei,. Sphincter  llei.
This name is given to the valve situate trans-
versely at the place  where the ileum opens into
the coecum, and which Baubin says he discovered
at  Paris, in  1759.   It  had, however,  been  pre-
viously described  by several  anatomists; as by
Vidus Vidius, Postius, <fec
  BAUME,  Balsam—b. d'Acier, Balsam, chaly-
beate— b. d'Aiguilles,  Balsam,  chalybeate — b.
d'Amirique,  see Toluifera balsamum — b. Apo-
plectique,  Balsam,  apoplectic — b. d'Arcaus, Ar-
caeus, balsam of; see, also, Balsam of Arcaeus—
b.  d'Arcius,  Unguentum  elemi compositum —
b.  Aromatique,  Balsam,  aromatic — b. Bcnjoin,
Benjamin—b. Blanc, see Amyris Opobalsamum—■
b. du Brisil, Copaiba—b.  de  Canada, see Pinus
balsamea—b. de Cannelle, Laurus cinnamomum
— 6. de Car-pathic, Balsam of Carpathia—b.  de
 Carthagene,  see Toluifera  balsamum—b. de  Con-
stantinople blanc, see Amyris opobalsamum — b.
de   Copahu,  Copaiba — b. Cordiale de Sennerte,
Balsam, cordial, of Sennertus—b. el Eau d feuilles
ridies,  Mentha crispa—-b. de Fcuillet,  Balsam,
green, of Metz—b. de Fioraventi  spiritueuse, Bal-
sam, spirituous, of Fioraventi—b. de Fonrcroy ou
de  Laborde,  Balsam of  Fourcroy  or Laborde — b.
des Fitnirai/les, Asphaltum — b. de Galaad, see
Amyris opobalsamum — b. de Genevieve, Balsam
of  Genevieve—-b. Grand, Tanacetum balsamita
—6. du Grand  Caire,  see Amyris opobalsamum
—b. Hydriodati, Balsam, ioduretted—b. Hyprroti-
que,  Balsam, Hypnotic — b. Hystirique,  Balsam,
hysteric—b.  des Indes, see Myroxylon Peruiferum
—b. Ioduri,  Balsam, ioduretted—b. des  Jardins,
Mentha viridis—b. tie Lucatel. Balsam. Lucatelli's
—b. Marie, see Fagara octandra—6. de Mamie, As-
phaltum— b- Nervin,  Balsam,  nervous — b.  de
 Perou,see Myroxylon  Peruiferum — b. de Saint-
 Thomas, see Toluifera balsamum—b. du  Samari-
 tain, Balsam of the Samaritan—b. Sa.ro,i. Balsam,
 Saxon — b. de Soufre, Balsam of sulphur—b.  de
 Sympathie, Balsam  of  sympathy—b.  Tranquille,
 Balsam,  tranquil — b.  de  Tola,, see Toluifera
 balsamum — b. de Vanil/e, Vanilla—b. Vert, see
 Fagara octandra—b. Vert tie Metz. Balsam, green,
 of  Metz—b.  de  Vie  il Hoffmann,  Balsam  of Life,
 of  Hoffmann — b. de  Vie de Lelievre, Tinctura
 aloes  composita — b. ]~rai. see  Amyris opobal-
 samum—b. Vulneraire de Minderer, Balsam, vul-
 nerary, of Mindererus.
    BAUMIER,  Balsarnier.
    BAURAC, (Arab.)   Nitre,  or  salt  in  generaL
 From this word comes  Borax. 
BAURIN
12 2
BEDFORD
  BAURTN,  MINERAL WATERS OF.  Baurin
is a village four leagues from Roye, department of
Somtne.  The waters  are strongly chalybeate.
  BA VE (F.), Saliva ex ore fiuens, Spuma, Hu-
mor Sallvus.  Frothy, thick, viscid saliva, issu-
ing from the mouth.  This  drivelling or slaver-
ing, we see in children, old people, <fec.  The term
is, also, applied to the frothy liquid, which  flows
from the mouth of rabid animals.  Sauvages uses
it synonymously with salivation.
  BAVEUX, Bavense,  an epithet, occasionally
applied by the French to the  spongy flesh  of a
wound, which suppurates, and exhibits but little
tendency to heal.
  BAY,  CASTOR, Magnolia glauca—b. Rose,
Rhododendron chrysanthemum — b. Rose, Ame-
rican, Rhododendron  maximum—b. Sweet, Lau-
rus — b. White, Magnolia glauca and M. macro-
phylla.
  BDALSIS, Sucking.
  BDELLA, Hirudo.
  BDEL'LIUM, Myrrha imperfecta, Bolchon,
Madcleon,  Balchus.   A gum-resin, brought  from
the Levant and India,  and supposed  to be ob-
tained from  a species of Amyris, little  known.
It is solid, brittle, of  a deep brown colour,  of an
acrid and bitter taste, and sweet odour.  It was
much vaunted  by the ancients, but is  now  little
employed.   Two different gum-resins have  been
in the shops, distinguished by the names Indian
and  African  bdellium.  Dr. Royle was informed
that the former was obtained from Am'yris  Com-
miphora,  growing in  India  and  Madagascar.
The latter is said  to be from Heudelo'tia Afiri-
ca'na, which grows in Senegal.
   BDELLOM'ETER, from QSeXXa, 'a leech,'
(fibeXXor, ' I suck,') and perpov, ' measure.' An in-
strument, proposed as a substitute for the leech ;
inasmuch as we can tell the quantity of blood ob-
tained by it, whilst we cannot  by the leech.  It
consists of a cupping-glass, to which a scarifica-
tor and exhausting syringe are attached.
   BDELLUS, Fart.
   BDELYGMIA, Fart.
   BDELYGMUS, Fart.
   BDESMA, Flatulence.
   BDOLUS, Fart.
   BEAD TREE, Melia Azedarach.
   BEAL. Phlegmon, to Suppurate.
   BEALING, Pregnant.
   BEAN, CARTHAGENA, Habilla de Cartha-
 gena—b. Egyptian,  Nymphaea nelumbo—b.
 French, Phaseolus vulgaris — b. Garden,  com-
 mon, Vicia faba—b. Indian, Catalpa—b. Kidney,
 Phaseolus vulgaris — b. Malacca, Avicennia to-
 mentosa —b.  Pontic,  Nymphaea  nelumbo — b.
 Red, Abrus  precatorius — b. Sacred, Nelumbium
 luteura — b. St. Ignatius's, Ignatia amara — b.
 Tonka,  Dipterix odorata — b. Tree, Catalpa — b.
 Tree, white, Crataegus aria.
   Bean Trefoil Tree, see Cytisine.
   BBARBERRY, Arbutus  uva ursi.
   BEARD.  (Sax.) bearift,  (G.) Bart, Barba,
 Pogon,  Genelon, Barbi'tinm,  (F.) Barbe.   The
 hair which covers  a  part of the cheek, the lips,
 and chin of the male sex, at the age of puberty.
   BEAR'S BREECH. Acanthus mollis—b. Foot,
 Helleborus  foetidus—b. Fright, Heptallon gra-
 veolens—b.  Grass, Yucca filamentosa—b.  Whor-
 tleberry. Arbutus uva ursi.
   BEARWEED, Veratrura viride.
   BKASTINGS, Colostrum.
   BE XSTLINGS. Colostrum.
   BEATING OF THE  HEART, see neart.
   BEAUGENCY, MINERAL  WATERS OF.
 Beaugency is a quarter of a league from Orleans.
 The waters  contain  subcarbonate of soda, iron,
 magnesia, and lime.  They are tonic and aperient.
  BEAUMONT ROOT, Gillenia trifolintn,
  BEAUYA1S, MINERAL WATERS OF. These
waters are chalybeate.   Beauvais is in  Picardie,
France.
  BEAVER, Castor fiber— b. Wood, Celtis occi-
dentalis, Magnolia glauca — b. Tree,  Magnolia
glauca,  M. rnacrophylla.
  BEBEERIA, see Bebeeru.
  BEBEERINE. see  Bebeeru.
  BEBEERU, Sipeeri.   A  tree of British Gui-
ana, which yields two alkalies—Bebee.rine, Rebce'-
rirta, Bebee'ria or  Biberine, and Sipeerine ; and
in its  properties resembles the Cinchonas.  It has
been  referred to Xcctan'dra Rodiei.  Ord. Lau-
rineoe.  The timber of the tree  is known to ship-
builders by  the name  bibirtt or  green-heart.  The
Sulphate of Bebeeria has been employed in intcr-
mittents.  Warburg's Fever Drops, Tinctn'rii un-
tifebrllis Warbiir'gi, an empirical antiperiodio
preparation, have  by some been considered to be
a tincture of the seeds of the Bebeeru, but thij is
questionable.
  BEG, (F.) Rostrum, Beak. This name has been
applied t<> various  parts.
  EEC CORACOTDIEX, (F.)  Cor'acoid beak, is
the end of the coracoid process.
  BEC DE CUILLER, Ham'ulus. An  instru-
ment used for the extraction of balls.  It consists
of an iron rod, 7 or 8 inches long, having at one
extremity a small cavity, into  which the  ball is
received to  be drawn outwards.   See Cochleari-
formis.
  BEC DE GRUE MUSQUE, Geranium Mos-
chatum—b.  de Grite Robert in, Geranium lloberti-
anum—-b. de Lievre, Harelip.
  BEC  DE LA  PLUME A ECRIRE (F.),
Beat: of the  Calamus Scripto'rius, is a small cavity
at  the  superior  part  of the medulla oblongata,
which forms part of the 4th ventricle.
  BEC, (Le.) MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Bee
is six leagues from Rouen, in  Normandy.  The
water is strongly chalybeate.
   BECCABUNGA, Veronica Beccabun^a.
   BECH/ESTHE'SIS, from /Jitf,  Sir,Xos, 'cough,'
and atoBno-ts, 'sensation.'  The excitement or de-
sire to cough.
   BECHIA. Tussis.
   BECIIIAS, Tussis.
   BE'CIIICS,  Be'chica, Becha,  Bec'chica, Be'-
ehita, from  (int,.  dnX°S>  ' cough,'  (F.) Bichiques.
Medicines adapted for allaying couch.
   BECHITA, Bechic.
   BEC1IIUM, Tnssilan-o.
   BECH0RT1I0PN(EA, Pertussis.
   BECUIBA, Ibicuiba.
   BED, HYDROSTATIC, Water bed—b. Water,
Arnott's, see Water bed.
   BED'EGAR, Bedeguar,  Bedeguard, Spoil girt
 Cynos'bati,  Fungus Rosa'rum, F." Cynos'bati, (F.)
Pornme moussense, Eponge  el'eglantier.   An ex-
crescence,  which  makes its appearance  on  dif-
ferent  species  of  wild  roses,  and which  is pro-
 duced by the puncture  of  a small insect,—Cy-
 nips  Rosa.  It.  was formerly  employed  as  a
lithontriptic and vermifuge, but is not now used.
 It was slightly astringent.
   BEDFORD, MINERAL WATERS OF.  Red-
 ford  is  a  village, situate on  the great Western
 Turnpike road from  Philadelphia to Pittsburg, ;i
 few miles east of  the chief elevation of the Alle-
 ghany mountains. The "  Springs" are about a
 mile and a  half from  the village.   Thev are saline
 and  sulphureous.  Tbe most celebrated — the
 " Mineral Spring" or  " Anderson's Spring"—con-
 tains carbonic acid,  sulphate  of  magnesia, chlo-
 rides of sodium  and calcium, and carbonate of
 iron, but  none of these articles  in great quan-
 tity ; hence, the main action of the waters is diu- 
BEDLAM                 123             BELL  METAL
rctic.  At some distance from the Springs, there
is a chalybeate water;  and about 10 miles S. W.
of Bedford, at Milliken's Cove, a strong sulphure-
ous spring.   Tbe climate of Bedford Springs is
agreeable.   During tbe heat  of summer,  the
nights are generally cool.   In  the morning of
July 14,  1S53, the author marked the thermome-
ter,  at five  o'clock, A. M., at 45°.  Three days
before, however, it  was at 70° at the same hour.
  BEDLAM, Morotrophium.
  BEDLAMITE, Insane.
  BEDSTRAW,  Galium  verum—b.  Ladies,
greater,  Galium,  mollugo,  Galium  verum—b.
Rough,  Galium  asprellum—b.  Ladies,  rough,
Galium asprellum.
  BEE, Sax. beo. A pis, A. mellif'ica seuelornest'ica,
Mclis'sa, Mclit'ta, (F.) Abeille.  This insect was
formerly exhibited, when dried and powdered, as
a diuretic
   Bee iv the Bonnet, see Insanity.
   BEEBREAD, Propolis.
   BELCH, Fagus  sylvatica—b. Drop, Orobanche
Virginiana—b. Drops, false, Hypopitys lanugi-
nosa.
   Beech, Albany, Pterospora Andromedea.
   Beech. Mast, see Fagus sylvatica.
   BEEDY'S EYES, Viola tricolor.
   BEEF ESSENCE, see Beef tea.
   Bekf Tea, Jus bavlnum.  An infusion of beef,
 much used in  debilitating maladies,  and  in con-
 valescence.   It may be made as follows:  Take
 two pounds  and a half of lean  beef:  cut  it, in
 small pieces, into three partsof loafecin an earthen
 pipkin : let  this simmer, but never boil, until the
 liquor is consumed to a pint  and a half: then
 strain  carefully.   It ought to be  entirely free
 from fat or grease.—Dr. E. J. Seymour.
   Essence of beef—as  it has  been called—maybe
 made by putting a pound of good beef, freed from
 fat, and cut into small  pieces, into a porter-bot-
 tle, corking lightly.  The bottle must be put into
 boiling  water, and kept  there until the water has
 been boiling at least half  an hour.   As the boil-
 ing goes on,  the  cork  may be inserted  a little
 more tightly, to retain the contents of the bottle.
 The juices of the  beef  are  thus  separated, and
 constitute the 'essence,' which may  be seasoned
 to tbe taste.   It contains much nutriment.
   BEEN, Centaurea behen.
   BEER, Cerevisia — b. Black, see Falltranck—
 b. Chowder, see  Chowder — b.  Pipsissewa, see
 Pyrola  umbellata.
   Beer, Jews', See Pinus sylvestris—b. Springs,
 see Water, Mineral (gaseous.)
   Beer, Spruce,  Cere vis'ia  Abie'tis,  may be
 prepared as  follows.  Take of  Essence of Spruce,
 half a pint; Pimento, bruised; Ginger, bruised;
 Hops, of each, four ounces ;  water, three gallons.
 Boil for five or ten minutes; strain, and add of
 warm witter  eleven gallons;  yeast, a pint; molas-
 ses, six pints. Mix  and allow to ferment for twenty
 hours.   Used as an agreeable drink in summer.
   Beer, Tar, see  Pinus sylvestris.
   BEET, Beta.
   BE EST. Colostrum.
   BEESTINGS. Colostrum.
   BEETLEWEED", Galax aphylla.
   BEG. ITEMEN T, Balbuties.
   BEGMA.—according to some,  Bregma,—from
 Pnoouv or fipnaaav., 'to  expectorate after cough-
 ing.'  Couching :  also,  the sputum  or expecto-
 rated matter.—Hippocrates.
   l'.EGO'NIA.  The Begonia grandifio'ra and
 B. tomento'sa have astringent roots, which are
 used in  Peru in cases of hemorrhage, scurvy, low
 fevers. Ac
   BEGUE,  Balbus.
  BEHEN ABIAD,  Centaurea behen — 6. Al-
bum,  Centaurea behen — b. Officinarum,  Cucu-
balus  behen — 6.  Rouge, Statice limonium — 6.
Vulgaris, Cucubalus behen.
  BEIIMEN  ACKMAR, Statice limonium.
  BKIAHALALEN, Setnpervivum tectorum.
  BEIDELSAR, Asclepias procera.
  BEIST,  Colostrum.
  BEISTINGS, Colostrum.
  BEISTYN, Colostrum.
  BE.IUIO, Habillade Carthagena.
  BELA-AYE  or BE-LAHE,  A  tonic  and
astringent bark of  a Madaga>cur tree.   Du-petit-
Thouars and  Sonnerat  think  it may be substi-
tuted for the  Simarouba,
  BELADAMROC.  A species of convolvulus of
the Malabar coast, which contains an acrid milky
juice.  From this  a liniment  is formed with oil
and ginger, which is used against the bites of
rabid animals.
  BE-LAHE, Bela-ave.
  BELA-MODAG AM.  A kind of Sca'vola of the
Malabar coast, the leaves of which are considered
diuretic and emmenagogue.
  BELANDRE, (F.)  A litter, surrounded with
curtains, in which  patients are sometimes carried
to hospitals.
  BELCHING, Eructation.
  BELD, Athrix.
  BELEMNOID,  Belenoid.
  BELEMNOIDES PROCESSUS, Styloid pro-
cesses.
  BEL'ENOID, BEL'ONOID,  BEL'EMNOID
or BEL'OID, Belenoi'des or Belcmno'ldes Pro-
ces'sus, from fieXos, 'an arrow,' and £i<5of, 'shape.'
This  name has been given to styloid processes
in general — Processus belenoi'des.
  BELESME, see Bellesmc
  BELESOX, Balsam, Mussnenda frondosa.
  BELILLA, -Mussaenda frondosa.
  BELINUM, A])ium Graveolens.
  BELI OCULUS, Belloculus.
  BELL,  CANTERBURY, Campanula  trache-
liuin.
   BELLADONE, Atropa belladonna.
  BELLADON'NA, in tbe Pharmacopoeia of the
 United States, is the  officinal name of the leaves
of  Atropa. Belladonna.
   Belladonna Baccifera, Atropa belladonna—
b. Trichotoma. Atropa- belladonna.
   BELLADONNIN,  Atropine.
   BELLE-BLOME.  Narcissus pseudo-narcissus.
  BELLE DAME, Atropa belladonna.
   BELLEGU, Myrobalanus.
   BELLEREGI,  Myrobalanus.
   BELLES ME, MINERAL  WATERS  OF.
 Bellesme is about three leagues from  Montagne,
 in  France.   The waters  are chalybeate.
   BELLEY,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  The
 waters at  Belley,  department of Ain, in  France,
are saline  aperients.
   BELLFLOWER, Narcissus pseudo-narcissus.
   BELLIDOIDES, Chrysanthemum  leucanthe-
 mum.
   BELLIS,  Bellas,  ('pretty,') Bellis percn'nis
 seu minor seu horten'sis, Sym'phytnm min'imum,
 Brnisewort,  Common Daisy,  (Sc.)  Ewe-goican,
 (Prov.) Bairnworts, (F.) Pttquerette vivace, petite
 Marguerite.   Ord. Compositae.  The  leaves and
flowers are rather acrid.  They were,  at one time,
 considered to cure different species  of wounds.
 See Osmitopsis asteriscoiiles.
   Bellis  IIortensis, Bellis—b. Major. Chrysan-
 themum leucanthemum — b.  Minor,  Bellis — b.
 Perennis, Bellis — b. Pratensis, Chrysanthemum
 leucanthemum.
   BELLIT.  Athrix.
   BELL METAL. Cal'cocos, (F.) Airain, Metal
 des cloches.  An alloy of copper, zinc, tin, and a 
BELLOCULUS             12
1
BERBERIS
small quantity of antimony, used  for making
bells.  The mortars of the apothecary are often
formed of this  material.  They require to be kept
clean, to  avoid the formation of  verdigris.
  BELLOCULUS, Beli Oc'ulns.  A kind of gem,
which the Assyrians considered efficacious in the
cure of many diseases.   They imagined that the
figure of  an eye could be seen in it, and hence its
name. Bel's Eye, from the god Bel.
  B ELLON, Colic, metallic.
  BELLOTAS. see Ilex major.
  BELLOWS' SOUND, Bruit de  soufflet — b. s.
Encephalic, see Bruit de soufflet.
  Bellows' Sound, Funic, a single murmur of
the bellows kind, synchronous with the first  sound
of the heart; heard by some observers, and  re-
ferred by them to diminished calibre of the um-
bilical  arteries, either by pressure or stretching
of the funis, or both.
  Bellows' Sound,  Placental,  Bruit placen-
ta ire.
  BELLWORT, SMALLER, Uvularia perfoliata.
  BELLY, Venter, from Ir.bolg, 'the belly, a bag
or pouch' [?].  At the present day, the abdomen.
Formerly, all the  splanchnic cavities Were  called
bellies; — the  lower belly, venter  in'fimus,  being
the  abdomen;  the middle belly, venter me'dius,
the thorax ; and the upper belly, venter supre'mus,
the head. Also, the womb.  See Venter.
  BELLY-ACH, Colica.
  Belly-ach, Dry, Colica metallica.
  BELLY-Acn  Root, Angelica lucida.
  BELLY-BAND. Belt, Russian.
  BELLY-BOUND, Constipated.
  BELLY-GOD, Glutton.
  BELLY-HARM, Colic.
  BELLY, POT,  Physconia.
  BELLY-THRA, Colic
  BELLY-TIMBER, Aliment.
  BELLY-W ARK, Colic.
  BELMUSriIUS, Hibiscus abelmoschus.
  BELNILEG, Myrobalanus.
  BELOID, Belenoid.
  BELOIDES PROCESSUS, Styloid processes.
  BELONE, Needle.
  BELONODES, Styloid.
  BELONOID, Belenoid.
  BEL'S EYE. Belloculus.
  BELT, RUSSIAN, Ventra'le — vulgarly, Belly-
band,— Abdominal supporter.  A broad bandage
applied to the abdomen, so as to support, and make
methodical pressure upon it. Different forms have
been termed  obstetric binders,  utero-abdominal
supporters, &c
  BELUL'CUM,  from (ieXos, 'a dart,' and  'cXkw,
' I draw  out.'  An instrument used for extracting
darts or  arrows.  Many instruments of this kind
have been noticed by surgeons.— Ambrose Pare,
Fabricins ab Aquapendente.
  BELZOE. Benjamin.
  BELZOIM.  Benjamin.
  BELZOINUM, Benjamin.
  BEN,  Guilandina moringa—b. of Judaea, Ben-
jamin—b. Nut, Guilandina moringa.
  BENATH, Pustule.
  BENEDICTA SYLVESTRIS, Geum rivale.
  BENEDICTUM   LAXATIVUM,  Confectio
sennae.
  BENEFICE DE LA  NATURE, Beneficiura
naturae—b. de Ventre,  see  Boncficium naturae.
  BENEFIC'TUM NATU'R.E, (F.) Binifice de
la nature.  This term is used by the French pa-
thologists for cases in which diseases have got well
without medical treatment. With  them, Binifice
de nature, or R. de ventre, is synonymous also with
Alvi Profiu'vium ;—a spontaneous diarrhoea, often
acting favourably either in the prevention or cure
of disease.
  BENEL, Croton racemosum.
   BENEOLENS, from bene, 'well,'and olere, 'to
 smell.'  Euo'dcs, Suaveolens.   A  sweet-scented
 medicine, as gums, &o.
   BENG, Bangue.
   BENGALE INDORUM. Cassumuniar.
   BENGAL ROOT, Cassumuniar.
   BENGI,  Hyoscyamus.
   BENIGN',  Benig'nus,  Eneth'es, (F.) Benin,
 Binigne.   Diseases of a  mild  character are so
 called:  as well as medicines whose action is not
 violent, as a Benign Fever; Febris benig'na iiupu'-
 tris, &c.
   BENIN, Benign.
   BEN'.JAMIN, corruption of Ben'zoin, Benzo'.
 inum  (Ph.  U. S.), B. verum, Assa  odoru'ta seu
 fluid's, Benjui, Benjuin, Asa or Berljaoy, Benjo'-
 inum, Belzoe, Belzoim, Ben'zoe, Sty'racis Benzo'-
 ini Bal'samum, Liquor- Cyrenlacus, Croton  Ben-
 zol, Benof Jttda'a, Acor Benzo'inus, Sal Ae"iclum
 seu essentia'le seu volat'ile Benzoes, (F.) Benjoin,
 Baume  Benjoin,  Assa  donx.   A resinous,  dry,
 brittle substance, the concrete juice  of Styrax
 Benzoin, Arbor Benivi,  Laurus  Benzoin, of Su-
 matra.  The  odour is  extremely  fragsont, and
 taste  slightly aromatic  It is  principally  used
 for the preparation of the acid which it contains.
 It is also employed  in some vulnerary tinctures,
 and as an expectorant.  Benzoic Acid, Ac" id nut
 Benzo'icum, is obtained  from it by sublimation.
 The  purest Benjamin is in amygdaloid masses:
 hence called (F.)  Benjoin amygdaloide.
   Benjamin Bush, Laurus benzoin.
   Benjamin, Flowers of, Ben'zoic Acid,  Ac"-
 idum Benzo'icum seu Benzoylicum, Flores Benzoes
 seu Benzo'ini, Ac'^idum Benzo'icum per sitblima-
 tio'nem, (F.) Acr'ele Benzoique, Fleurs de Benjoin.
 This acid exists in all the  balsams,  but chiefly in
 Benzoin, from which it  is obtained by sublima-
 tion.   It is in vanilla, canella,  the urine of in-
 fants, and of  herbivorous  animals.   Its odour is
 aromatic and fragrant; taste hot, slightly acidu-
 lous,  and agreeable.   The  crystals  consist of
 white, satiny flakes, slightly ductile.   It is  pro-
 bably stimulant;  and has been used, as such, in
 chronic catarrh; but it has little efficacy.
   BENJAOY, Benjamin.
   BENJOIN, Benjamin.
   BENJOINUM, Benjamin.
   BENJUI, Benjamin.
   BEN MO EN J A.  A Malabar tree.  An alexi-
 pharmic decoction is  made of  its  roots, in the
 country, which is much praised in cases of malig-
 nant fever. Its bark, boiled with Calamus aroma-
 ticus and salt, forms a decoction used  in bites of
 poisonous serpents.
   BENNE, Sesamum orientale.
   BENNET,  HERB, Geum  urbanum, and  G.
 Virginianum.
   BENOlTE, Geum urbanum — 6.  Agnail que,
 Geum  rivale — b. des Ruisseaux, Geum rivale —
 b. de  Virginie, Geum Virginianum.
   BENZENE, Benzole.
   BENZIN,  Benzole, see Anaesthetic
   BENZOATE OF AMMONIA, Ammoniae ben-
 zoas.
   BENZOE,  Benjamin.
   BENZOENIL, Vanilla.
   BENZOIN, Benjamin—b. Odoriferum, Laurus
 Benzoin.
   BEN'ZOLE, Benzin, Benzene, Phene, Hy'dru-
 ret of  Pheu'yle.   A constituent of coal-gas tar,
 obtained by distilling coal naphtha.  It is  a co-
 lourless, oleaginous liquid, of  agreeable odour.
 Sp. gr. 0-85.   The vapour, when inhaled, acts as
 an anaesthetic.
   BERBERINE, see Oxyacantha  Galeni.
   BERBERIS,  Oxyacantha  Galeni —b.   Cana-
[ densis, see Oxyacantha Galeni. 
BERBINE
125
BEZOAR
  BERBINE, Verbena officinalis.
  Bl-.Rt'E, Ileracleum spondyliura.
  BERENDAROS, Ocymum basilicum.
  BERENICE, Succinum.
  BEHEN KTUM, Potassae nitras.
  BEKENISECUM,  Artemisia vulgaris.
  BERGAMOT',  Bcrgamote, Bergamolta, (F.)
 Bcrgaiitotte.  A small  orange, of a very agreeable
 taste, and  peculiar odour.   From its rind an oil,
 Oleum Berga'mii (Ph. U. S.), is obtained, which
 is much employed as a perfume, and sometimes
 in medicine.  See Citrus melia rosa,
  BERTBERI, Bcibe'ria,  Syn'clonns Beribe'-
 rni. Iudosyu'clonus,  Paralysis Ber'ibcri, from
 bcri in  tbe  Singhalese  language, which signifies
 ' weakness;' therefore, beriberi, ' great weakness.'
 This word is also said to be Hindusthanee, and
 to  mean a sheep.—Bontius.  Beriberi is  an  In-
 dian disease, little known in Europe.   It con-
 sists in debility and tremors of the limbs,—some-
 times, indeed,  of  the  whole  body; with painful
 numbness  of the affected parts, &c:—the patient
 walking doubled, and  imitating  the  movements
 of  sheep !   Some  authors have esteemed it rheu-
 matic : others, paralytic; others, to  be a kind of
 chorea.  It is, almost always, incurable; is rarely
 fatal;  and is treated  by exercise, stimulant fric-
 tion, sudorifics,  Ac    It  is  sometimes   called
 Bar'biers,  but this would seem to be a different
 disease.
   BERICOCCE, Prunus armeniaca.
   BERKLEY SPRINGS, see Bath  Springs.
   BERLE NODTFLORE, Sium.
   BERLUE, Metamorphopsia.
   BERMU'DAS,  CLIMATE  OF.   Pulmonary
 invalids are occasionally sent to Bermuda, but
 the principal  objection to  a  winter residence
 there, is the prevalence of strong winds; espe-
 cially  of  the  dry, sharp, and cold north-west
 winds,  during the winter and spring.   Still, it
 affords a good winter retreat for the phthisical,
 from any part of the  United States, provided due
 care be selected in  choosing a suitable locality.
 The neighbourhood of Hamilton has been strongly
 recommended with this view.
  BERNARD THE HERMIT, Cancellus.
  BERRIES. INDIAN, see Menispermum coc-
 culus—b. Turkey, yellow, see Piper  cubeba.
  BERS.   A sort of electuary, composed of pep-
 per, seed of the white hyoscyamus, opium, euphor-
 bium, saffron, <fec   The Egyptians used it as an
 excitant.—Prospero Alpini.
  BERU,  MINERAL  WATERS OF.  Beru is
 in Champagne, France.  The waters are slightly
 chalybeate.
  BERULA. Sium nodiflorum — b. Angustifolia,
 Sium nodiflorum.
  BESASA.Ruta.
  BESICLES. Spectacles.
  BESOIN, Want—b. de Rcspirer,  see Want—
 b. de la  Vic, Necessary of life.
  BESS AN EM.   A word used by Avicenna, for
 redness of  the skin, limbs, and face, produced by
 the action  of cold.
  BESSON,   }  a   n    „
  BESSONXE, )  See Gemellus-
  BETA.  The Beet, Sic'ula, (F.) Bette,  Bette-
 rave.  Family, Chenopodeae.  Sex. Syst. Pentan-
 dria Digynia.  A  genus of plants, of which the
 following are the chief varieties :
  Beta IIy'brida. Root of Scarcity.  Root red,
 Outside; white,  within.  Very  nutritive;  yields
 sugar.
  Beta Vui.ca'ris Alba, White Beet. The root
 yields susrar, and the  leaves  are  eaten as  a sub-
 stitute for spinach.
  Beta Vulga'ris Rubra, Reel Reef.  Root red
and nutritive ; yields  a small quantity of sugar.
  BETAY'NE, Betonica officinalis.
  BETEL, Piper Betel, Chavica betle.  A species
of pepper, cultivated in several parts of India.
The East Indians  are  in the habit of chewing
the leaves with lime and areca; and  they give
the name Betel to this preparation.  It  is used in
all the equatorial countries of Asia.  Betel is said
to be tonic and astringent. It is  also called Bette,
B&tre, Betle.  See Areca.
  BETHROOT, Trillium  latifolium — b. Broad-
leaf, Trillium latifolium.
  BETISE, Dementia.
  BETOINE,  Betonica officinalis — b. des Mon-
tagues, Arnica  montana — b. des Savoyards, Ar-
nica montana.
  BETON, Colostrum.
  BETONICA  AQUATICA, Scrophularia aqua-
tica.
  Beton'ica Officina'lis, B.  purprlrea, Vef-
ton'ica,  Cestron, Bet'ony,   Wood  Betony,  (Old
Eng.) Betaync, Psycholrophuin,  Veronica pnr-
 pn'rea, (F.) Bitoine.  Order, Labiatae.  Sex. Syst.
Didynamia Gymnospermia.  Betony was in much
esteem amongst the ancients, who employed  the
flowers and leaves,  in decoction, in gout, sciatica,
cephalalgia,  <fcc.  It was so called, according to
Pliny, from being in great repute among the Vet-
tones  or Bettones,  an ancient  people  of Spain.
Antonius Musa is said  to have written a volume
in praise of it; recommending it in no less than
47  different  diseases.  It has, however, little or
no  virtue.  The leaves are said  to be aperient,
and the  root emetic.
  Betonica  Pauli, Veronica.
  BETONY, Betonica officinalis—b. Paul's, Ly-
copus sinuatus, Lycopus Yirginicus, Yeronica —
b. Water, Scrophularia aquatica—b. Wood, Beto-
nica officinalis.
  BE THE, Betel.
  BETTE, Beta.
  BETTER A] E,  Beta,
  BET'ULA ALBA, YnpvSa.   The Birch, (Sc.)
J]irk, (F.) Beruleau  commnn.  Order, Betulaceae.
The young  leaves  are  slightly odorous, astrin-
gent, and bitter.  They are applied to  wounds
and ulcers.   They  have been regarded as  anti-
scorbutic and anthelmintic  The tree  furnishes
a saccharine juice, which is  considered antiscor-
butic and diuretic.
  Betula Emahginata, Alnus glutinosa—b. Glu-
tinosa, Alnus glutinosa.
  Betula Lenta,  Sweet Birch, Black Birch,
Cherry Birch, Mountain Mahogany, is  an Ame-
rican species, the bark and leaves of which have
the smell and  taste of Gaultheria  procumbens.
An infusion is sometimes made of them, and used
as an excitant and  diaphoretic.  The volatile  oil
is nearly, if not wholly, identical with that  of
Gaultheria.
  BEURRE, Butter—6. de Bambouc,  Butter of
bambouc— b. de Cacao, Butter of cacao — b.  de
Coco, Butter of  cocoa—b. Vigitale, Persea gratis-
sima,
  BEUVRIGNY,   MINERAL  WATERS  OF.
Beuvrigny is in the vicinity of Bayeux, in  Nor-
mandy.  The water is chalybeate.
  BEVERAGE, Drink.
  BEVUE, Diplopia.
  BEX, Tussis—b. Convulsiva, Pertussis—b. Hu-
mida. Expectoration—b. Theriodes,  Pertussis.
  BEXIS, Tussis.
  BEXU'GO.  Under this  name,  a  purgative
root was  formerly introduced into Europe from
Peru.  It is  supposed to have been the root of a
Hippocratea.
  BEZ'OAR, Bez'aar, Bez'ehard, Pa'zohar, from
Persian Pa,  'against,' and zahar, poison.  Lapis
Bezoar'dicus, Calculus Bez'oar, Enteralithns Be-
zoar'dus,  Bezoard.  A calculous concretion, found 
BEZOARD  D'ALLEMAGXE  126
BICHO
in the stomach, intestines, and bladder  of ani- |
mals.  Wonderful  virtues  were formerly attri-
buted  to these Bezoars.   There were two great
varieties: the Bez'oar orienta'le, An'imal Bezoar'-
ticum orienta'le, formed in the fourth stomach of
the gazelle  of India (Gazel'la In'dica, or rather
Aiitilo'pus cervico'pra:) and the Bez'oar occielen-
ta'le. Animal Bezoar'ticum occidenta'le, found in
the fourth  stomach  of the wild goat or chamois
of Peru.  These substances were esteemed to be
powerful alexipharmics; but the former was the
more valued.   It  was believed  that no  poison,
and no eruptive, pestilential, or putrid disease,
could  resist its influence.  As so  many  virtues
were ascribed to it, other animal concretions were
substituted  for it; and factitious Bezoards  were
made of crabs' eyes and claws, bruised and mixed
with musk,  ambergris,  Ac.
  Bez'oar Bovi'num, (F.) Bezoard de Boeuf, Be-
zoard  of the beef.   A concretion formed in the
fourth stomach of beeves; also, a  biliary calcu-
lus found in the gall-bladder.
  Bez'oardof the Deer, B. of the Lach'rymal
Fossa  of the Deer, Deer's Tears.  A moist, highly
odorous, fatty matter, found  below the anterior
canthus of the orbit of the red deer—Cervus el'e-
phas.  It has been used, like castor, as an anti-
spasmodic, in the dose of from 5 to 15 grains, two
or three times a day.
  Bezoar Equinum, Bezoard of the  horse — b.
Hystrieis, Bezoard of the Indian porcupine.
  Bez'oard of  Cayman.  This  was once much
prized.  It is now  unknown.
  BEZOARD D'ALLEMAGNE, iEgagropila,
  Bez'oard of Tns Chamois, and B. of the
Horse, Bezoar eqnlnurn, Hippolithus, Ac, exhi-
bit  their  origin in the name.
  Bez'oard of the Indian Por'cupine, Bez'oar
Hi/s'tricis, Lapis Porclnus seu Malucen'sis, Petro
del Porco,  (F.) Bizoarel  de Pore-Epic, was for-
merly  the dearest of all the  Bezoards, and was
sold at an  enormous price in Spain and Portu-
gal.
  Bez'oard, Mineral, Antimonium diaphoreti-
cum—b. Vegetable, see Calappite.
  BEZOAR'DIC, Bezoar'diens, (F.) Bezoardique;
concerning the bezoard.  Bezoardic medicines are
those  supposed  to possess the same  properties
with the  bezoard;  as antidotes, alexiteria, alexi-
pharmics, cordials.
  BEZOARDICA  RADIX,  Dorstenia  contra-
yerva.
  BEZOAR'DICUM SATUR'NI.  A pharma-
ceutical preparation, regarded by the ancients as
antihysteric. It was formed of protoxide of lead,
butter  of antimony, and nitric acid.
  Bezoar'oicum  Huma'num.   Urinary  calculi
were  formerly  employed under this name  as
powerful alexipharmics.
  Bezoar'dicum Jovia'le.  A  sort of greenish
powder, used as a diaphoretic, and formed of an-
timony, tin, mercury, and nitric acid.
  Bezoar'dicum Luna're.  A medicine formerly
regarded as a specific  in  epilepsy,  convulsions,
megrim, &c  It was prepared of nitrate of sil-
ver, and butter of antimony.
  Bezoar'dicum Martia'le.  A tonic medicine,
used by the ancients in diarrhoea.   It was  pre-
pared  from  the tritoxide of iron and butter  of
antimony.
  Bezoar'dicum  Mercuria'le.   A  medicine,
formerly  vaunted as an antisyphilitic,  and  pre-
pared from the  mild  chloride  of mercury, butter
of antimony, and nitric acid.
  Bezoar'dicum Minera'le;  the  deutoxide  of
antimony; so called  because its  properties were
supposed to resemble those of animal bezoard.
  Bszoak'dicum Sola're.  A diaphoretic medi-
  cine, prepared  of gold  filings, nitric acid,  and
  butter of antimony.
    Bezoar'dicum Ven'eris.   A  pharmaceutical
  preparation, formerly employed in lepra, diseases
  of the brain,  Ac; which was made from filings
  of copper, butter of  antimony, and nitric acid.
    BHANG, Bangue.
    BI, as  a prefix to words, has the same  signi-
  eation as Di.
    BIAIOTHANATI, Biothanati.
    BIBERINE,  see Bebeeru.
    BIBIRU, Bebeeru.
    BIBITORIUS. Rectus internus oculi.
    BIBLIOG'RAPHY, MED'ICAL, from (liPXtov,
  'a book,' and  ypatpto, 'I describe.'   A description
  or history, or  skill in the knowledge, of medical
  books.   The most distinguished  medical biblio-
  graphers  have  been :  J. A. Van  df.r  Linden,
  Amstelod.  Ifi62,  octavo,  (L.)   M. Lipenius,
  Francf. ad  Mien. 1679, fol. (L.)   G. A. Mkrck-
  lein, Noriinb. 1(586,  (L.)  J. J. Manget, Genev.
  1695 to  1731, (L.)  Tarin (anatomical), Paris,
  1753, (F.)  A. von  Haller, Zurich, 1774, Ac,
  (L.)   Yigiliis  von  Cruktzenfeld (surgical),
  Yindob.  17S1, (L.)   C. G. Kuhn, Lips. 1794, (L.)
  C. L. Schweikard (anat., pbys., and legal medi-
  cine), Stuttgard, 1796 to 1800, (L.)   G. G. Plouc-
  quet, Tubing. 1808 to 1814, (L.) C. F. Burdach,
  Gotha, 1810' to  1821, (G.)  J. S.  Eusch, (since
  l-r.O). Leipz.  1S22,  (G.)   Th. Ch. Fii.  Enslin,
  (of Germany, since 1750.)  Berlin,  1821),  (G.)
  J. B. Montfaloon, Paris, 1827, (F.)  J. Forbes,
  M.D., F.R.S.,  London, 1835.  A. C. P. Calli-
  sen, Copenhagen, 1845, (G.)  E. Morwitz, Leip-
  zig. 1849, (G.)
    BICAUDALIS, Retrahens auris.
    BICAUDA'TUS, Cauda'tus, from br,n-ndcauda,
  'a tail;'  'double-tailed.'   A monster having two
  tails.
    BICEPHA'LIUM, Dicepha'lium.  A hybrid
  word, from 6i  and Kc^aXn, 'head.'  Sauvages ap-
  plies this epithet to  a very large sarcoma on the
  head, which seems to form a  double head.
    BICEPHALUS, Dicephalus.
    BICEPS, from bi, and caput,  'head.'  That
  which has two heads.  This name has been par-
  ticularly given to two muscles; one belonging to
  the arm, the other to the thigh.
    Biceps Exter'nus Mus'culus.  The long por-
  tion of the Triceps Brachia'lis.—Douglas.
    Biceps  Flexor  Cruris,  B. Cruris,  Biceps,
  (F.) Biceps Crural, Biceps Fem'oris, Is'chio-fem'-
  oro-pironier—(Ch.)  A muscle on  the  posterior
  part of the thigh ; one head arising from the  tu-
  berosity  of the  ischium,  and the other from a
  great part of the linea nspera. It is inserted into
  the top of the fibula.  It  serves to bend the leg
  on the thigh.
    Biceps^ Flexor Cu'biti,  Biceps, B.  Bra'chii
  seu  manus seu  inter'nus  seu inter'nus  hu'rneri,
  Cor'aco-radia'lis, (F.)  Scapulo-radial,   (Ch.)—
  Biceps Brachial. A muscle,  situate at the ante-
  rior and  internal part  of the arm; extending
  from the  edge of the glenoid cavity and  from the
  top of the coracoid  process to  the tuberosity of
  the radius.  It bends the fore-arm upon  the arm.
    BICHE DE MER,  Sea Slug.   A molluscous
  animal, belonging to  the genus tlolothuria, which
  is caught amongst the islands of the Feejee group,
  New Guinea,  Ac, and  when prepared  finds a
  ready sale in China, where it is  used as an ingre-
  dient in rich soups.
    BICHET, Terra Orleana.
   BICHICH'I.E, probably corrupted from $11$,
  $r,Xos,  'cough.'  Pectoral medicines, composed
  of liquorice juice, sugar, blanched almonds, Ac.
  —Rhazes.
   BICHIOS, Dracunculus.
|   BICHO, Dracunculus—b. di  Culo, Proctocaco. 
Bicnos
127
BINDWEED
  BICnOS.  A Portuguese  name  for the worms
that penetrate the toes of people in the Indies;
nnd which  are destroyed by the oil of the cashew
nut.
  BICTPTTAL, from biceps (bi and caput), 'two
beaded.'  Relating to the  biceps.
  Bicipital Groove, (F.)  Coulisse ou  Gouttiifre
bicipitale,  Coulisse humirale, (Ch.,) is a longitu-
dinal groove, situate between the tuberosities  of
the os humeri, which lodges the long head of the
biceps.
  Bicip'ital  Ti 'berci.E,  Bicipital  tuberos'ity,
(F.)  Tubirosite  bicipitale;  a  prominence near
the upper  extremity of the radius, to which  the
tendon of  the biceps is attached.
  BK'ORNE RUDE, Ditrachyceros.
  BICES'PID, Bicnspidtltus, from 61' and cttspis,
'a spear.'  That  which has  two points  or tuber-
cles.
   Birus'pin Teeth, Denies B i cuspid a'ti, (F.)
Dents b,
dies. The small molares. See Molar.
  BIDDY, Pediculus.
  BIDENS ACMELLA, Spilanthus acmella.
  BIDET, (F.)  Itid.et; pronounced  beeday.   A
small horse formerly allowed to each trooper for
carrying his baggage.   Hence, perhaps, applied
to a chamber bathing apparatus, which has to be
bestridden.   It is a useful arrangement, in case
of hemorrhoids, prolapsus ani, affections of the
sexual organs, Ac.
  BIECIIO, Bische.
  BIERE, Cerevisia—b. Midicinale,  see Cerevi-
sia.
  BIESTINGS, Colostrum.
  BIFEMORO-CALCANTEN, Gastrocnemii.
  BIFURCATION, Bifnrca'tio,  from  bi  and
furca. 'a  fork.'  Division of a trunk into two
branches;  as  the  bifurcation of  the  trachea,
aorta,  Ac
  BIGARADE, see Citrus aurantium.
  BIG ASTER. Digastricus.
  BIGBELLfED, Abdominous.
  BIG BLOOM, Magnolia maerophylla.
  RIGBONE, see Kentucky, Mineral Waters of.
  RIGPAUNCHED. Abdominous.
  BIGEMINAL  BODIES, Quadrigemina tuber-
cula.
   RIG GAR.  A disease of Bengal, remarkable
for  the  intensity and  danger  of  the  cerebral
symptoms. — Twining.
  BIG-LEAF,  Magnolia maerophylla.
  BIGLES, see Strabismus.
  BIGNO'NIA CAPREOLA'TA, B.  crucig"era;
indigenous.  The root and plant are employed,
like sarsaparilla, in infusion  and decoction,  in
syphilis, chronic rheumatism, and  in cachexiae
in general.
  Bignonia Catalpa,  Catalpa—b. Crucigera, B.
caprcolata.
  Bigno'nia In'dica.   The leaves are employed
in Tndia, as emollients, to ulcers.
  Bignonia Leucox'yi.on, Trumpet tree.  A South
American tree,  the sap of which is the surest an-
tidote against the manchineel.—Schleiden.
  Bignonia Radicans,  Teeomaradicans—b. Sem-
pcrvirens, Gelseminum nitidum.
  RI.ION, see Pinus sylvestris.
  BIKII, Aconitum ferox.
  PILATE OF SODA, Picromel.
  BILATERVL  SYMMETRY, see Svmmetrv.
  R1LAZAY. MINERAL WATERS  OF.  Bila-
zav is a town in France, two leagues from Thouar,
department of Deux Sevres, near which is a ther-
mal  sulphureous spring.   Temperature about 77°
Fahrenheit.           .
  BILBERRY, Vaccinium  myrtillus—b.  Red,
Vaocinium vitis idaea.
  BILE, Bills,  Pel, Choi os,  Chole, Choler, (T.)
Bile,  Ficl.  A yellow,  greenish, viscid,  bitter,
nauseous fluid, secreted by the liver.  It is  dis-
tinguished  into hepatic and cystic;  according as
it flows immediately into the duodenum  from the
liver  or from  the gall-bladder.  It  contains, ac-
cording to  Muratori,  water;  a peculiar  fatty
matter; colouring matter (Cholepyr'rhin or Bili-
pha'in, Matiere Jttune  de la  Bile; cholesterin,
combined  with soda; picromel or bilin; extract
of flesh, mucus; soda, phosphate of soda; phos-
phate of lime, and chloride of sodium.
  The use of the bile is to remove from the body
superfluous hydro-carbon ;  and it is probably in-
servient to useful purposes in digestion.
  Bile, Furunculus — b. Black, Atrabilis — b. de
Btr'iif, see Bile—b. Repanduc,  Icterus.
  Bile of the Bear, Gall of the Bear, Fel Ursi,
was thought to be anti-epileptic ;'and that of the
Eel, Fel anguilla, to facilitate labour.
  Bile of the Ox, Gall of the Ox,  Ox Gall, Fel
 Tanri seu Boris seu Bovi'num, (F.)  Bile ou  Fiel
ou Amer de Boeuf, was once reputed  cosmetic and
detergent,  anti-otalgic  and  emmenagogue; as
well as to possess the power of facilitating labour.
It has  also been  given as a bitter stomachic and
anthelmintic;  and  as a tonic and laxative, in
cases of deficiency of the biliary secretion.
  Bile of TnE Swine, Bills porclna, inspissated,
has  been  used in the same cases as the bile of
the ox.
  BIL'IARY,  Bilia'ris,  Bilia'rius,  Felleus,
(F.) Biliaire.  That which relates to  bile.
  BlL'lARY AppARA'tuS, B. organs, B. passages.
The collection of parts that concur in the secre-
tion  and  excretion of bile — viz., the liver, porl
biliari  or  tubuli biliferi;  hepatic, cystic,  and
choledoch ducts, and gall-bladder.
  Bil'iary Concre'tions are concretions found
in some parts of the biliary apparatus.
  Biliary Ducts, Pori biliarii.
  BI LIE UN, Bilious.
  BILIA'TION,  Bilia'tio;  from  bib's,  'bile'
The excretion of bile;  as urination  means the
excretion  of urine.
  BILIFUL'VINE; from  bilis, 'bile,'  and ful-
vus, 'reddish  yellow.'  The colouring matter of
the bile of the ox.—Berzelius.
  BILIMBI,  Averrhoa bilimbi.
  BILIMBING TERES, Averrhoa bilimbi.
  BILIN. Picromel.
  BILTOUS, Bilio'sus, Choi icus, Cholius,  Fel-
lirleus, Epiclltrios,  Picroch'olos, Felleus,  (F.)
Bilieux;  from bilis, 'bile.'   That which  relates
to bile, contains bile, or is produced by bile. An
epithet given to certain constitutions and diseases,
which are believed  to be the effect of  superabun-
1 dance of the biliary secretion ; as Bilious tempe-
rament, B. symptoms, B. fever.
  BILIPILEIN. see Bile.
  BILIS  FLUXIO, Cholera morbus.
  BILITICUS, Cholagogue.
  BILIVERD'IN,  from bilis, 'bile,' and viridis,
'green.'  On  adding an acid to a solution of the
yellow colouring  matter  of bile, a  precipitate of
green flocculi takes place, which possesses all the
properties  of  chlorophyll, or the green colouring
matter of leaves.  This is the biliverdin of  Ber-
zelius.
  BILNA, MINERAL WATERS OF, see Piillna.
  BILOCULAR, see Unilocular.
  BILUMRI  BITING-BING, Malus Indiea.
  BI'MANUS. from bi and mantis, 'a hand.'
One that  has two hands.  A term  applied  only
to man, because he is the sole mammiferous ani-
mal that possesses two perfect hands.
  BINDER. Bandage.
  BINDERS. OBSTETRIC, see Belt. Russian.
  BINDWEED.  Polygonum  aviculare — b.  Fid-
dle-leaved,  Convolvulus  panduratus — b. Great, 
BINDWOOD
128
BISMUTH
Convolvulus  sepium — b.  Hedge,  Convolvulus
sepium — b. Lavender-leaved, Convolvulus Can-
tabrica—b. Sea, Convolvulus soldanclla—b. Vir-
ginian, Convolvulus pandtiratus.
  BINDWOOD. Hedera helix.
  BINKOHUMBA, Phyllanthus urinaria.
  BINOCULAR, Binocula'ris:  same etymon as
the next,  Relating to or affeeting both eyes—as
'binocular vision'—vision with both eyes; or from
impressions  made  upon both retinae, which  are
amalgamated into single vision.
  BINOC'ULUS, Bin'ode, Dioph thai mica  Fas'-
cia, (),-'nlis duplex, from bi  and oculus, 'an eye.'
(F.) (Eil double.  A bandage applied  over both
eyes.   It was  also formerly called Diophthal-
mtts.
  BIN'SICA.  A Rabbinical term for disorder
of the mind.   According to Van Helmont, an
atrophy of the  organ of imagination.
  BIOCHYMIA, Chymistry, vital.
  BIOD. Vis vitalis.
  BIODYNAMTCS, Biodynam'ica, Biodynam'-
ice, Biosoph'ia, from  pios,  'life,'  and  ivvapts,
'power,' 'force.'  The doctrine of  the vital  ac-
tivity or forces.
  BiOGAMTA, Magnetism, animal.
  BIOL'OGY,  from jftios, 'life,' and Xoyos, 'a de-
scription.'  The doctrine of life  or of living  bo-
dies.—Physiology.  "Biological phenomena" are
those presented by living bodies.
  B 10 L Y CII' N 10 N, Biolycllninm,  from /3tos,
'life,' and  Xvxvtov, 'a lamp.' Innate heat, vital
heat,  animal   heat.    Lycllnimn,  Lychnid'ium,
Thermum  em'phytum,  Flamma  seu Flam'mula
vita'lis sen cordis.  Also, a secret preparation of
which Beouin and Burgraye make mention.
  BIOLYSIS, see Riolytic
  BIOLYTTC, Riolylicus; from fitos, 'life,'and
Xvots, ' solution.'  Relating to the destruction of
life.   A 'biolytic agent' is one  that  tends  to
biolysis, or destruction  of life.   A depressing
agent,—Schultz.
  BIOMAGNETISMUS, Magnetism, animal.
  BIONOMY, Physiology.
  BIOPILENOMENOLOGTA, Physiology.
  BIOS, /Jioj.   Life.  Also, what is necessary for
the preservation of life.
  BIOSOPHIA. Biodynamies.
  BIOSTATICS. Statistics,  medical.
  BIOTAX'Y,  Taxon'orny,  from  /3iof, 'life,' and
ra£s, -order, arrangement,'  The arrangement or
co-ordination of living organisms,  according  to
their  external characters.
  BIOTE, Life.
  BIOTHAN'ATI, Biaiothan'ati, from fitos,
'life,' and Savaros, ' death.'  Those who die of a
violent death very suddenly, or as if  there was
no space between life and death.
  BIOTIC. Vital.
  BIOTICS, PhvsiologY.
  BIOTOMIA. Vivisection.
  BIOTOS.  Life.
  BIPARI'ETAL,  Biparieta'lis,  (F.) Biparii-
tal, from bi and parietale (os). 'the parietal bone.'
An epithet for the diameter of the cranium  from
one parietal  fossa to the other.
  BIPARIETAL SUTURE, Sagittal suture.
  BIPIN'NA,  from  bi,  and  pinna,  'a wing-
feather.'  A  term  used  by the ancients  for a
diminutive penis,  not  exceeding  in  size  two
quills.
  BIR, Thorax.
  BIRA. Cerevisia.
  BIRCH, Betula alba—b. Black, Betula lenta—
b. Cherrv, Betula lenta—b. Sweet, Betula lenta.
  BIRDS' BREAD.  Sedum acre.
  BIRDS'  NEST, Hypopitys lanuginosa.
  BIRK. Betula alba.
  BIRTH, Parturition—b.  Cross, Presentation,
preternatural—b. Live, see Born alive—b. Plural,
see Multiparous.
   BIRTHWORT,  Aristolochia—b.  Snakeroot,
Aristolochia serpentaria,
   BISCHE, Biecho.   A malignant  kind of dy-
sentery, which  often  prevails in the island of
Trinidad.
   BISCUIT, Biscoc'tus; bis, 'twice,' and coctus,
'baked,' (F.)  bis  and cuit, 'twice  baked.' A
kind  of dry, hard  bread, or cake, which is va-
riously made;  and, when without eggs or butter,
is easy of digestion.  It was formerly called Di-
pyri'tes, and Di'pyros.   Medic"inal or Med'i-
CATED BISCUITS, (F.) Biscuits Medicinnux, Masse-
pains, Macarons, are occasionally made  by add-
ing  to biscuit  paste  a medicinal  solution  or
powder, and baking the mass.
   BISCUIT, MEAT.  An  alimentary  prepara-
tion,  proposed  by  Mr. G. Borden, Jr., of Texas,
which  consists  in  combining  the  matters,  ex-
tracted from meat by boiling, with flour, so as to
form  biscuits; which keep well, and are of course
nutritive.
   BISCUITSMEDTCINAUN, see Biscuit.
   BISERMAS, Salvia sclnrea.
   BISFERIENS, Dicrotus.
   BISII, Aconitum ferox.
   BISHOP'S WEED, Ammi.
   BISLINGUA, Ruscus hypoglossum.
   BISMALVA, Althaea,
   BISMUTH,  Antimo'nium album,  Chalcitas,
Luna imperficc'ta, Stan num glacia'le seu cine'reum,
Bismu'thum, Wisruu'thiim, Reefnlus of Bis'ninth,
Marcaslta,  Tin  glass, (F.) Etain  gris, E. de
Glace.  A metal, in  spieular plates, of a  yel-
lowish-white colour; s. gr. 9.822 ; fusible at 400°
Fahrenheit,  and volatilizable at a high tempera-
ture.   It is  used only in the preparation of  the
subnitrate.
  Bismuth,  Nitrate of, Bismuth, Subnitrate of
—b.  Oxide  of, Bismuth, Subnitrate  of—b. Oxide
of, white, Bismuth, Subnitrate of—b. Regulus of,
Bismuth.
  Bismuth,  Subnitrate of, Bismu'thi subni'tras
seu Xifras, Marcaslta alba, Plumbum cine'reum,
Magiste'rinm Marcaslta seu Bismnthi,  Bismu'-
thum  Nilricum seu Subnit'ricum, Nitras  Snbbis-
mn'tin cum, Calx Vismu'thi. Bismu'thum oxr/dtda'-
tum alburn, Bismuthum album, Subaz'otas bismtt'-
ticus,   Oxide of Bismuth,  Nitrate  of Bismuth,
White Bismuth, Trisnitrate of Bismuth, White
Oxide of Bismuth, Maef'istery' of Bismuth, Pearl
White,  Spanish  White.  (F.) Sousnitrate  ou sous-
azotate de bismuth,  Oxide blanc de  B., Blanc tie
fard, Blanc de perlc.  (Bismuth, in frnstulis,  §j.
Acid  nitric, f ^ij. Aq. destill. q. s.  Mix  a fluid-
ounce of distilled water with the nitric acid, and
dissolve the  bismuth in the  mixture.  When  the
solution  is  complete, pour  the  dear liquor  into
three pints of distilled water, and  set the  mixture
by, that the  powder may subside.  Lastly, having
poured off the  supernatant  fluid, wash'the sub-
nitrate  of bismuth  with  distilled water,  wrap it
in bibulous  paper,  and dry with a gentle heat.
Ph. U. S.)  It  is  considered to be  tonic  and
antispasmodic,  and has been chiefly  used  in
gastrodynia.
  Bismuth,  Trisnitrate   of,  Bismuth,   sub-
nitrate of.
  Bismuth,  Valerianate  of, Bismu'thi mleri-
a'nas, Bismu'thum  valerian'icum.  Prepared by
mixing a neutral solution of oxide of bismuth in
nrtric acid,  with valerianate of soda ; washing,
and drying the precipitate.   Used  in gastrodynia,
chronic gastralgia, neuralgia, and chronic palpi-
tation, as a nervine. Dose, i a grain to 2 grains,
three  or four times a day, in pill.
  Bismuth,  White, Bismuth, subnitrate  of. 
BISMUTIII NITRAS          129             BL.ESOPODES
  BTSMUTHI  NITRAS,  Bismuth,  subnitrate
of—b. Yalerianas, Bismuth, valerianate of.
  BISMUTHUM. Bismuth—b. Album. Bismutbi
subnitras—b. Nitricum, Bismuth, subnitrate of—
b. Oxydulntum  album, Bismuth, subnitrate of—
b. Subnitricum, Bismuth, subnitrate of—b. Vale-
rianicum,  Bismuth, valerianate of.
  BISPIRUS, Dipnoos.
  BISSIJM, llvdrangea arborescens.
  BISTORT, OFFICINAL, Polygonum bistorta
—b. Virginian, Polygonum virginianum.
  BISTORTA, Polygonum bistorta.
  BISTORTE, Polygonum bistorta.
  BISTORTIER, (F.) A name  given  by the
Pharmacieii to a long wooden  pestle used  for
reducing soft substances to powder, and in the
preparation  of electuaries.
  BISTOURl, (F.)  Pistorien'sis gla'dius, Scal-
pel'lu.--,  Scalpeum, Bis'toury.  A small cutting-
 knil ■, used  in surgery. — so called, according to
Iluct, from  the town of Pistori, which was for-
merly celebrated for the  manufacture  of  those
instruments. A bistoury has the form of a small
knife, and is composed of a blade  and a handle.
The blade, which is  most commonly  movable in
the handle,  may be fixed by a button,  spring, Ac
When fixed in the handle, the  bistouri is called
by  the French. B. d  lame fixe ou dormante.
  The chief bistouries are :—1. The straight B.
(F.) B. droit, in which the blade and cutting
edge are straight, the point being  fine, round, or
square.  2.  Tbe convex B. (F.) B. convexe ; the
blade of  which is convex at the  cutting  edge,
concave at  the back.  3. The  concave B. (F.)
B.  concave. ; the blade of  which is concave at its
edge, and convex at  the back. 4. Blunt-pointed
B.  (V.)  B. boutonni; the blade of which  has  a
button at its extremity. 5. Tbe blunt or probe-
pointed Bistoury of Pott; concave at its cut-
ting edge, and its point blunt; so that it can be
carried  on the palmar surface of the index finger,
to  divide the  stricture, in strangulated hernia.
Sir  Asiley  Cooper  has recommended a useful
modification of this,  to avoid wounding the intes-
tine, should it come  in contact with the edge of
the knife. His Bistoury has an edge of not more
than eight lines in length, situate about five lines
from the  point.  6.  Bistouri a la lime, (F.) is
a straight bistoury ; the blade fixed in the handle,
the extremity with a button, and  the  edge made
with a file.  It is chiefly used for  dilating parts.
7.  Bistouri Royal. (F.) A Bistouri used in ope-
rating upon Louis XIV, for fistula in ano.  8.
Bistouri  gastrique. (F.)  A complicated instru-
ment, invented by Morand, for dilating wounds
of the abdomen. 9. BlSTOURr CACHE, B. herniaire,
ou  Attrape-lonrilaitd de Biennaise, Forceps  de-
cepto'ria.  A curved bistouri, the blade of which
is placed in  a canula, whence it issues on pressing
a spring.
  The word Bistouri is used by tbe  French, at
times, where we would employ knife.
  BITCII-DAUGHTER,  Incubus.
  BITNOI1EN, Salt of Bitu'men, Padnoon, Son-
cherloon,  Khala  minute.   A white, saline  sub-
stance,  which  is a Hindoo preparation of great
antiquity, and has been supposed to be the Sal
asphalti'tes  and Sal  Sodome'nus of the ancients.
It  is used by the Hindoo in the  prevention or
cure of almost all diseases.
  BITIINIMAL'CA, Gas'teranax.  Two unmean-
ing words, used by Dolaeus, to designate an active
principle supposed to have its seat in the stomach,
and to preside over chymification,  Ac.
  BITIOS DE KIS, Proctocace.
  BITTER, Amarus — b. Bark, Pinckneya  pu-
hens— b. Bloom,  Chironia angularis — b.  Holy,
Hiera picra—b.  Redberry. Onrnus Florida—b.
Root,  Apocynum  androsaeinifoliuui,  Gentiana
       9
Catesbaei,  Menyanthes verna — b. Sweet night-
shade, Solanum Dulcamara — b. Sweet vine, So-
lan um Dulcamara—b. Welter's, Acid, carbazotic.
  BIT 'TERN ESS,Amarttii'do, Amarit'ies, Ama'-
ror, Plcria, (F.) Amertume.   A particular taste,
which  belongs to many substances.  In  some
diseases there is a sense of bitterness  felt in the
mouth.
  BITTERS, COLUMBO, Tinctura  Calumboe —
b. Spirit, Tinctura gentianae composita—b. Wine,
Vinum gentianae compositum.
  BITTERSWEET,  Solanum dulcamara.
  BITTERWEED, Ambrosia trifida.
  BITTERWOOD TREE, Quassia.
  BITTOS. A disease, in which the chief symp-
tom is an acute pain  in the anus.—Chomel.
  BITUME DE JUDEE, Asphaltum.
  BITUMEN,  GLUTINOUS, Pissasphaltum —
b. Judaicum, Asphaltum—b. of Judrea,  Asphal-
tum—b. Petroleum, Petrolaeum—b. Malta, Pissas-
phaltum—b. Salt of, Bitnoben—b. Solidum, As-
phaltum.
  BIVENTER,  Digastricus—b. Cervicis, Corn-
plexus musculus—b.  Maxillae,  Digastricus.
  BIVENTRAL  LOBE  OF THE  CEREBEL-
LUM, see Lobe, biventral.
  BIXA AMERICANA, see Terra  Orleana — b.
Orleana, see  Terra  Orleana — b. Orellana, see
Terra Orleana.
  BLABE, Wound.
  BLACCLE, Rubeola.
  BLACIA, Debility.
  BLACKBERRY,  AMERICAN,  see  Rubus
fruticosus — b. High  or Standing, see Rubus fru-
ticosus.—b. Low, Rubus trivialis.
  BLACK BOTTLE, see Infusum Sennae.
  BLACK DOSE, see Infusum Sennae.
  BLACK DRAUGHT, see Infusum Sennae.
  BLACK DROP, Gutta; nigrae.
  BLACK LION.   A term given to a sloughing
syphilitic ulcer, under which the British soldiers
suffered greatly in Portugal.
  BLACK ROOT, Aletris farinosa, Pterocaulon
pyenostachyum, Leptandria purpurea.
  BLACKWATER,  Pyrosis.
  BE ACTIVE, Rubeola.
  BLADDA. Buttermilk.
  BLADDER, Urinary Bladder.
  Bladder, Fascic'ulated.  A condition
of  the bladder  in  which   the  interior of the
organ  is marked by strong reticulated ridges or
columns.
  Bladder, Gall, see Gall Bladder—b. Irrita-
ble, Cysterethismus.
   Bladder,  Sac'culated.  A condition of the
bladder, in which the mucous coat protrudes
through the muscular, so as to produce a hernia.
which may go on increasing, so as  to form a
ves'ical sac'culus or apperldix vesi'ca.
  Bladder, Swim, Air bladder—b.  Urinary, see
Urinary Bladder.
  BLADEBONE, Scapula.
  BLADOCH, Buttermilk.
  BLADON   SPRINGS.  Mineral springs in
Alabama, about 85 miles from Mobile, which are
said to  be similar in  composition to those of Selt-
zer, Spa, and Aix-la-Chapelle, of Europe.
   BLADUM,  Bli.
   BLAEBERRY, Vaccinium myrtillus.
   BLjE'SITAS, Blasa lingua.  Some authors have
used this word as synonymous with stammering.
See  Balbuties.  Sauvages  understands by it a
defect in pronunciation, which consists in substi-
tuting soft consonants for those that are hard;
as the  z for s, the d for t, the s for g and j, Ac
Also, Lisping, Traulis'mus, Trau'lotes, (F.) Bli-
siti, Bli (par/er).
   BL.ESOPODES, see Kyllosis. 
BL^SOPUS               130          BLENNOGENOUS
  BL,ESOPUS, see Kyllosis.
  RL.ESUS.   A distortion; especially the out-
ward distortion of  the legs.  Also, a stammerer.
  BLAFARD, (F.) Pallidits, Pallid'ulus.  This
epithet is sometimes given to the skin, when pale
and dull;  but, most frequently, to the flesh of a i
wound,  when it has lost  its colour, and become
white.   The word  is, also, sometimes  used syno-
r.ymously with Albino.
  BLAIN, (Sax.) blejene, Bleine.  A pustule; a
botch ;  a blister.   In  Scotland, a mark left by a  I
wound; the discolouring of the  skin after a sore.
—Jamieson.
  BLAK  OF THE EIE,  Pupil.
   BLANC D'ARGENT,  Plumbi subcarbonas—
b. de Baleine, Cetaceum — b. de Cirusse, Plumbi
subcarbonas — b.  de  Crems, Plumbi subcarbonas
— b. de Fard, Bismuth,  subnitrate  of—b. de
Kremnitz, Plumbi subcarbonas — b. de  Krem«,
 Plumbi subcarbonas — b. de I'(Eil, Sclerotic — b.
 d'UEufi, Albumen ovi—b. de Perle, Bismuth, sub-
 nitrate of—b. de Plomb, Plumbi subcarbonas—6.
 de Zinc, Zinci oxvdum.
   BLANC-MANGER (F.), Gibus albus, Leuco-
 pha'gium, Lettcopllagum, Argyrotrophe'ma.  An
 animal jelly, so called on account of its colour,
 combined with an emulsion of sweet almonds, to
 which sugar has been added, and some aromatic.
 It is sometimes prescribed as a nutriment in con-
 valescence and chronic diseases.
   BLANC-RAISIN,  Blanc Rhazis.
   BLANC RHAZIS, Blanc-raisin.  An ointment
 composed of cerusa, white wax, and olive oil.
   BLANCA, Plumbi subcarbonas.
   BLANCH, from  (F.)  blanchir,  'to  whiten,
 to bleach.'  To whiten by depriving  of the outer
 rind ; as  ' to blanch almonds :'  i. e.  to peel them.
   BLANCHET, (F.) A blanket.   A term  given
 by  the French   Pharmaciens  to  the  woollen
 strainer  through which  they filter  syrup and
 other thick fluids.  See,  also, Aphthae.
   BLANCHING, Etiolation — b.  of  the hair,
 Canities.
   BLANCNON   ORIBASII,   Polypodium filix
 mas.
   BLAS  An unmeaning term invented by Van
 Helmont to  designate a kind of movement in the
 body :  at times, local,—at others, under extrane-
 ous influence. Thus, he speaks of the Bias mete-
 oros of the heavenly bodies, and the Bias hurna'-
 num, that which operates in man.
   Blas Alterativum, Plastic force.
   BLASE,  (F.)  'cloyed.'  An epithet given to
 one whom the abuse of enjoyment has prevented
 from any longer deriving satisfaction or pleasure
 from it.
   BLAST, Conta'gio, (Sax.) blarr, (G.) bias en,
 'to blow.'  The infection of any  thing pestilen-
 tial.   The stroke of some sudden plague.
   BLASTE'MA, Blaste'sis, (F.)  Blasthne, from
 fiXaarav"!, 'I bud.'  A germ.   The sense of this
 word,  which is often used by Hippocrates, is ob-
  scure.  Castelli thinks it means the eruption of
  some morbific principle at the surface of the body.
  Also, the matrix  or general formative element of
  tissues.
    Blastema Pili, see Hair.
    BLAS'TEMAL, Blastemu'lis.  Relating or ap-
  pertaining  to a blastema,—as 'blastemal  forma-
  tions,' those that are formed from a blastema.
    BLASTOCARDIA, see Molecule.
    BLASTODERMA, see Molecule.
    BLATTA BYZAN'TIA, Unguis odora'tus, (F.)
  Blatte de Byzance.   This name seems, formerly,
  to have  been given to a marine production from
  some  of the Conchylia.  It  had  an agreeable
  smell, a reddish tint, and the shape of a nail. It
  was prescribed in epilepsy, hysteria, and hepatic
  obstructions. Rondelet affirms, that it was  the
iroduction of the shell-fish murex or purpura ;
 nd that tbe  name  Blatta is derived from  the
3reek jiXarros, 'purple.'
  BLA VELLE, Centaurea cyanus.
  BLAVEOLE, Centaurea cyanus.
  BLA VEROLLE, Centaurea cyanus.
  BLA WING, Swelling.
  BLAWORT, Centaurea cyanus.
  BLAZING-STAR, Chamaelirium  luteum, Li-
atris.
  BLE, Bladttm.  This word answers, in France,
to  the word Corn in England;  i. e. any kind of
grain  employed for making bread.  Wheat being
most  commonly used for this  purpose, Bli is
sometimes  restricted  to ' this.  Bli  miteil  is  a
mixture of wheat and rye.
  BLE CORNU,F\rgot—b. d'Espagne, Zea mayg
— b.  d'ltiilie, Zea,  mays — 6. Miteil, see Bli —
b. Noir, Polygonum  fagopyrum — b.  de  Tttrquic,
Zea mays.
  BLE (PARLER.) Bloesitas.
  BLEABERRY, Vaccinium myrtillus.
  BLEACHING, Dealbation—b. Liquid, Eau de
javelte.
  BLEAREDNESS, Lippitudo.
  BLEAR-EYE, Lippitudo.
  BLEAR-EYED, Lippus.
  BLEAR-EYEDNESS, Lippitudo.
  BLEB, Bulla.
  BLECHNON, Polypodium filix mas.
  BLECHNUM  LIGNIFOLIUM,   Asplenium
Scolopendrium — b. Squamosum, Asplenium ce-

  BLECIIROPYRA, see Blechros.
  BLECHROPYRUS, Typhus mitior.
  BLECHROS, PXnxoos,  'weak,  feeble,  slow.'
An epithet applied to  different affections,  and
particularly to fevers.  Hence Blechrop'yra, 'a
slow  fever:' Blechrosphyg'mia, 'a slow pulse.'
   BLECHROSPHYGMIA, see Blechros.
   BLED, Corn—b. Avorti,  Ergot—b. Farouche,
 Ergot,
   BLEDOCH, Buttermilk.
   BLEEDING, Bloodletting, Haemorrbagia.
   BLEEDING  FROM THE NOSE, Epistaxis.
   BLEEDING  HEART, Cypripedium luteum—
 b. Boist. Cupping glass.
   BLE IB, Bulla.
   BLEINE, Blain.
   BLEME, (F.)  This word has nearly the same
 signification as Blafard.  Generally, however, it
 includes, also, emaciation of the countenance.
   BLENG YSTORRHEE, Cystirrhoea.
   BLENNA, Mucus—b. Narium, Nasal mucus.
   BLENNADENI'TIS, from   pXevva,  'mucus,'
 aSnv, 'a gland,' and itis, denoting inflammation.
 Inflammation of mucous follicles.
   BLENNELYT'RIA, from fiXcvva,  'mucus,' and
 eXvrpov, 'a sheath.'  A discbarge of mucus from
 the vagina.  Leucorrhoea.—Alibert.
   BLENNEM'ESIS.   Blcnnoem'esis,  Vom'itus
 pituito'sus, from   fiXevva,  ' mucus,'  and  epetrts,
 'vomiting.'  Vomiting  of mucus.
   BLENNENTERIA,  Dysentery.
   BLENNISTII'MIA.from (iXevva,  'mucus,'and
 ia&pos,  ' the  gullet.'  Increased flow of mucus
 from the pharynx and larynx.—Alibert.
   BLENNOCIIEZIA, Diarrhoea, mucous.'
   BLENNOCYSTIDES, Bursae mucosae.
   BLENNOCYSTITE, Cystirrhoea.
   BLENNODES, Muciform.
   BLENNOEMESIS, Blennemesis.
   BLENNOG"ENOUS, Blennog"enns, Mucif'ie,
 Mncif'icus, from jiXtvva, 'mucus,' and ycvvaw, 'I
 form.'   Forming or generating  mucus.  Breschet
j and  Roussel de Vauzcme  describe  an  apparatus 
BLENNOIDES             131        BLIGHT  IN THE EYE
of this kind for the secretion of the mucous mat-
ter  that  constitutes  the  cuticle, composed of a
glandular parenchyma or organ of secretion situ-
ate  in the substance of the true  skin,  and of
excretory ducts,  which  issue  from  the organ,
and  deposite  the  mucous  matter between the
papillit1.
  BLENNOIDES, Muciform.
  BLENNOIDEUS, Muciform.
  BEENN((METRITIS, see Leucorrhoea.
  BLENNOPHTHALMIA, Ophthalmia, (puru-
lent.)
  BLENNOP'TYSIS, from  (iXcwa, and -ktvui, 'I
spit.'  Expectoration of mucus.  Catarrh.
  BLENNOP'YRA, Blennopy'ria, from  fiXevva,
and nvp,  'tire.'  Alibert has classed, under this
head, various  fevers  with mucous complications;
as Mesenteric ferer, Adeno-meniugeal fever,  Ac.
  BLENNORRHAGIA, Gonorrhoea—b.  Genita-
lium, Lcucorrhoea—b. Notlia, Gonorrhoea spuria
—b. Spuria, Gonorrhoea spuria.
  BLENNORRHAG"IC, Blennorrhag"icus, (F.)
Blennorrhagii/ue,  from  jlXcvva,  'mucus,'  and
pnyvvpt, 'I break forth.'  Relating or appertain-
ing to blennorrhagia or gonorrhoea.
  Blennorrhagio Epididymitis, Hernia humo-
ral is.
  BLENNORRHAGIE FAUSSE,  Gonorrhoea
spuria—b. du  Gland,  Gonorrhoea spuria.
  BLENNORRHEAE, Blennorrhoea.
  BLENNORR1IIN1A, Coryza.
  BLENNORRHEA,  Bleunor'rhoe,  Blennor-
rhag"iit,  Phtegmorrhie'a, Phlegmorrhag"ia, (F.)
B/ennorrhie,  from fiXevva,  'mucus,'  and  pent, '1
flow.'  Inordinate secretion and discharge of mu-
cus.  Also, Gonorrhoea.
  Blennorrhea Chronica, (gleet,) see  Gonor-
rhoea— b. Genitalium, Leucorrhoea — b. Luodes,
Gonorrhoea impura—b. Nasalis, Coryza—b. Oculi,
see Ophthalmia — b. Oculi gonorrhoica, see Oph-
thalmia—b. Oculi neonatorum, see Ophthalmia—
b. Oculi purulenta,see Ophthalmia—b. Urethralis,
Gonorrhoea, Cystorrhoea—b. Ventriculi, Gastror-
rhoea—b. Vesicae, Cystorrhoea.
  BLENNO'SES, from  (iXewa, 'mucus.'   Affec-
tions of the mucous  membranes.—Alibert.
  BLENNOTHORAX,  Catarrh, Peripneumonia
notha—b. Chronicus, Asthma humidum.
  BLENNOTORRHOjJA, Otirrhoea.
  BLENNURETHRIA, Gonorrhoea.
  BLENNURIA, Cystorrhoea.
  BLEPIIARADENITIS,  Ophthalmia Tarsi.
  B L E P11 A R A N TII R A C O'S IS, Blephari-
tis gangraner'sa,  Carbunculn'tio Oc'uli.   Gangre-
nous  inflammation of the eyelids.
  BLEPHARELOSIS, Entropion.
  BLEPHARIDES. Cilia.
  BLEPHARIDOPLASTICE,  Blepharoplastice.
  BLEPHARISMUS, Nictation.
  BLEPHARITIS, (inflammation of the eyelids,)
Ophthalmia tarsi — b. Gangraenosa,  Blepharan-
thracosis.
  BLEPHAROBLENNORRHCEA,  Ophthalmia,
purulent—b.  Neonatorum, see  Ophthalmia (pu-
rulenta infantum.)
  BLKPII'ARO-CON.IUNCTIVI'TIS,  Blepha-
rosyntlesmi'tis, from  PXetbapov,  'an  eyelid,' con-
junctiva, and itis, denoting inflammation.   Oph-
thalmia affecting the conjunctiva and eyelids.
  RLEPHARODYSCIIIDE'A, from (}Xc<papov, the
'eyelid,' Svs, 'with difficulty,' and X9oa> 'colour.'
Discoloration of the  eyelid.  Naevus of the eye-
lid.— Yon Amnion.
  BLEPIIAROEDEMA AQUOSUM, Hydroble-
pharon.
  BLEPHARON,  Palpebra—b. Atoniaton, Ble-
pbaroptosis.
  BI.EPHARONCO'SIS,   Blepharon'cus,  Ble-
phut-ophy'ma,  Falpcbra'rum Tumor, from (SXi^a-
pov, 'eyelid,' and oyKos, 'tumour.'  A tumour of
the eyelid.
  BLEPHARONCUS, Blepharoncosis.
  BLEPHAROPHIMO'SIS, from (3Xc<papov, 'the
eyelid,' and tptpos, 'a cord.'  Congenital diminu-
tion of the space between  the eyelids.—Ammon.
See Blepharostenosis.
  BLEPHAROPTHALMIA, Ophthalmia  tarsi
—b. Neonatorum, see Ophthalmia—b. Purulenta,
Blepharopyorrhoea.
  BLEPHAROPHTHALMITIS  GLANDULO-
SA, Ophthalmia, purulent, of infants.
  BLEPHAROPHYMA, Blepharoncosis.
  BLEPHAROPLAS'TICE.-B/e^/iarK/o^as'^Ve,
Insil'io Cilio'rum, Blepllaroplasty, from QXeipa-
pov, 'the eyelid,' and itXaariKos, 'forming,' 'form-
ative.'  The formation of a new eyelid.
  BLEPHAROPLEGIA, Blepharoptosis.
  BLEPHAROPTO'SIS. Blepharople'gia, Casus
palpebra  superio'ris, Delap'sus seu Prolap'sus
seu Propto'sis  seu  Pto'sis  palpebra, Atoniaton
hlepharon, from (iXetjiapov, 'the eyelid,' and moots,
'fall.'  A falling down of  the upper eyelid over
the eye, caused by a paralysis of the Levator
palpebra  superioris muscle.  This paralysis is
an  unfavorable symptom, as it is generally con-
nected with a state of the  brain favouring apo-
plexy or palsy.
  Blepharoptosis  Ectropium, Ectropium — b.
Entropion, Entropion.
  BLEPHAROPYORRHffi'A,  Blepharophthal-
mia pnrulerlta, Pyorrhoe''a palpebra, from /JAty-
apov, 'eyelid,' tvov,  'pus,' and pco>, 'I flow.'  Se-
cretion of pus from  the eyelids.
  Blepharopyorriicea Neonatorum, see  Oph-
thalmia (purulenta infantum.)
  BLEPHARORRHCaVA,  from 0Xt<papov, 'eye-
lid,' and pear, 'I  flow.' A  discharge  of mucus
from the eyelids.
  BLEPHAROSPASM US, from ^Xe^apov, 'eye-
lid,' and anaapos,  'spasm.'   A spasmodic action
or tic of the orbicularis palpebrarum muscle.
  BLEPHAROSTENO'SIS, from QXeipapov, ,' the
eyelid,'  and  arevoiats,  'contraction.'  Accidental
diminution of the  space between the eyelids.—
Ammon.   See Blepharophimosis.
  BLEPHAROSYNDESMITIS,   Blepharocon-
junctivitis.
  BLEPHAROTIS, Ophthalmia tarsi—b. Glan-
dularis contagiosa, see Ophthalmia.
  BLEPHAROTITIS, Ophthalmia tarsi.
  BLEPHAROTOSIS, Ectropium.
  I! L E PHAROX Y S'TUM, Blcpharoxys'trum,
from fiXeipapov, 'eyelid,' and £uu>, 'I scrape.'  An
instrument used,  by the ancients, for  removing
callosities,  which  made their appearance in the
affection called, by the Greeks, rpaxtopa.—Paulus
of jEgina, Gorraeus.
  BLEPHIL'IA  HTRSU'TA,  Ohio Horsemint,
Hairy Horsemint, from (JXefapts, ' an eyelash,' in
reference to its hairy  fringed  bracts.   An  indi-
genous plant  of the  Mint family, Labiatae, which
has the aromatic properties of the Mints.
  BLESITE, Blaesitas.
  BLESSED HERB, Geum urbanum.
  BLESSURE, Abortion, Wound.
  BLESTRIS'MUS.   Restlessness of the sick.—
Hippocrates.
  BLETA. A word, used by Paracelsus for white
or milky urine, arising from diseased kidneys.
Biota alba  has the same meaning.
  BLEU DE BERLIN,  Prussian  blue —6. de
Prusse, Prussian blue.
  BLEUET  DES  MOISSONS, Cyanus sege-
tum.  _,
  BLEYILLE, MINERAL WATERS OF.  B16-
ville is a village  about two miles  from  Havre.
The waters are  acidulous chalybeate.
  BLIGHT IN THE  EYE, Ophthalmia, catar- 
BLIGHTS               132            BLOOD-LETTING
rhal.  Palsy of the orbicularis palpebrarum  and
muscles  of  the  eyebrow is also  vulgarly called
blight.
  BLIGHTS, see Lichen urticatus.
  BLINDNESS, Caeeitas — b. Colour, Achroma-
topsia—b. Day,  Nyctalopia—b. Nervous, Amau-
rosis— b.  Night,  llemeralopia — b.' Snow,  see
Snow blindness.
  BLISTER, Vesicato'rium, Emplas'trum Vesica-
to'rirtm  seu Lytta, Epispas'ticum,  Ves'icant, Blis-
ter pilaster, (P.)  Vesicatoire, Visicant.   Any sub-
stance which, when  applied to the skin, irritates
it, and  occasions a  serous secretion, raising  the
epidermis,  and inducing a vesicle.  Various arti-
cles produce  this effect, as cantharides, mustard,
garoit, euphorbium, garlic, ammonia, Ac. Blisters
are used as counter-irritants.   By exciting a dis-
ease  artificially on the  surface, we can  often re-
move another which may be at the time existing
internally.  A perpetual  blister is  one  that is
kept  open for a longer or a shorter time by means
of appropriate dressings.
  Blister or vesication, (Pfov.) Ercle, also means
the  vesicle produced  by  vesicatories  or other
causes.
  Blister, Fever, see Fever blister.
  Blister, Mag"istral, (F.) Visicatoire magis-
tral.  A prompt means of producing  vesication
recommended by M. Valleix.  It is prepared as
follows—Take powdered  cantharides and wheat-
flour,  of  each  equal parts ; vinegar, a sufficient
quantity to form a soft paste.
  Blister Beetle, Cantharis — b. Fly, Cantha-
ris—b.  Plaster,  Blister.
  BLISTERWEED, Ranunculus acris.
  BLISTERING FLY, Cantharis—b. Paper, see
Sparadrapum vesicatorium—b. Tissue, Sparadra-
pum  vesicatorium.
  BLISTERS, WHITE, Rupia escharotiea.
  BLITUM  AMERICANUM,  Phytolacca  de-
candra.
  BLOOD, Anglo-Saxon, blo», from ble»an, 'to
bleed.'   Sanguis, Cruor, Lapis anima'lis, Hama,
'atpa, (Old  Eng.)  Blede, (F.) Sang.  An animal
fluid  formed  chiefly from the chyle ;  acquiring
important properties during respiration ; entering
every organ through the circulation ;  distributing
the nutritive principles to every texture, and the
source of every  secretion.  The blood is white in
the molluscous and  inferior animals, which have
been, hence, called  white-blooded, to distinguish
them from the red-blooded,  which class includes
the mammalia,  birds, reptiles, and  fishes.   Hu-
man  blood is composed of water, albumen, fibrin,
an  animal colouring substance, a little  fatty mat-
ter—hamettela'urn—and different salts; as chlo-
rides of potassium and sodium, phosphate of lime,
subcarbonate of soda,  lime, magnesia,  oxide of
iron, and  lactate  of soda, united with  an  ani-
mal  matter.  Arterial blood is  of  a florid  red
colour,  strong smell; s. g. 1.049.  re?ions blood
is of a  brownish red; s. g. 1.051.  The differ-
ence  in colour has  given  occasion  to the  first
being called red blood; the  latter, black.  The
former, which is  distributed from the heart, is
nearly  the  same through  its whole  extent:  the
latter is the remains  of the  arterial blood after
the different elements have been taken from it in
nutrition,  and probably differs  in  composition.
It likewise contains  different substances absorbed.
Venous  blood,  taken from a vessel and left to
itself, becomes  solid, and separates into two dis-
tinct parts, — the  serum or watery  supernatant
fluid; and  the  cruor, coag'ulum, crassamen'turn,
hepar seu plucen'ta  san'guinis, placeu'ta cruo'ris,
in'sula, thrombus, or clot.  The serum is chiefly
water, holding  albumen in solution and the  salts
of  the  blood.  The  clot contains the fibrin, co-
louring matter—hamatosin, a little serum, and a
small quantity of salts.   M. Le Canu found the
blood to be composed—in 1000 parts—of water,
785.590; albumen, 69.415;  fibrin, 3.565; colour-
ing matter, 119.626; crystallizable fatty mutter,
4.300; oily matter, 2.270; extractive matter so-
luble in alcohol and water, 1.920; albumen coin-
bined with soda, 2.010;  chlorides of sodium and
potassium ; alkaline phosphates, sulphates, and
subcarbonates, 7.304;  subcarbonate of lime and
magnesia, phosphate of lime, magnesia and iron,
peroxide of iron, 1.414; loss, 2.586.  The four
principal  components of the  blood are  fibrin,
albumen, corpuscles, and saline matter.  In the
circulating blood they  are thus combined—
In solution forming Liquor Sangui-
 Fibrin,
 Albumen,
 Salts,

 Red Corpuscles — suspended in the Liquor San-
 guinis.

   In coagulated blood they are thus combined;

 Fibrin,          1  Forming the crassamentum or
 Red Corpuscles, j    clot.
 Albumen, 1 Remaining   in   solution,  forming
 Salts,     J   serum.

   The following table exhibits the computations
 of different physiologists  regarding the weight
 of the circulating  fluid—arterial and venous.

 Harvey,       "|                             ]bs.
 Lister,
 Moulins,
 Abildguard,
 Blumenbach,
 Lobb,         V...................................................10
 Lower,       j
 Sprengel.......................................................10 to 15
 Giinther......................................................15 to 20
 Blake.........................................................16$ to 18}
 Miiller and Burdach..............................................-20
 Wagner........................................................20 to 25
 Quesnai. ..............................................................27
 F. Hoffmann........................................................28
 Haller...........................................................28 to 30
 Young..................................................................41)
 Hamberger............................................................S'j
 Keill..................................................................ioo

   The proportion  of arterial  blood to venous ia
 about 4 to 9.
   Much  attention has been  paid to the varying
 condition of the blood in disease.  The average
 proportion  of each  of the organic  elements in
 1000 parts of healthy blood is as follows,  accord-
 ing to Le Canu, and  MM. Andral and Gavarret;
 —fibrin, 3;  red  corpuscles, 127;  solid matter of
 the serum, 80 ; water, 790.
   Dried human  blood was, at  one time, consi-
 dered to be  anti-epileptic; that of the goat, dried,
 Sanguis  hirci sicca'tus-, sudorific and antipleu-
 retic  The dried  blood of the ox —Extrac'titm
 San'guinis Bovlui—and the dried red corpuscles
 have been given  as  analeptics, especially where
 there was a deficiency of  red corpuscles.
   Blood, Arterial, see  Blood — b. Black, see
 Blood — b.  Black, vascular  system of, see Vas-
 cular.
   Blood, Caseix, Globulin—b. Corpuscles, filo-
 bules of the blood —b. Disease, Haematonosus—
 b. Disks, Globules of the blood.
<   Blood, Dried, see Blood—b. Loss of, Haemor-
 rhagia —b. Menstrual, see Menses —b. Red, see
 Blood—b. Red,  system of, see Vascular—b. Spit-
 ting of,  Haemoptysis—b. Venous, see Blood—b.
 Vomiting of,  Haematemesis—b. White, Lymph.
   BLOOD CRYSTALS, Ha^matoidin.
   BLOODING, Blood-lettino-.
   BLOODLESSNESS, Anaemia.
   BLOOD-LETTING, Missio seu Detrac'tio
 Sanguinis,  Hamax'is, Cataschas'mus, Blooding, 
BLOODLIKE
133
BOE
Bleeding,  (F.)  Saignie,  Emission sanguine.  A
discharge  of a certain quantity of blood produced
by art:  an operation which consists in making
an opening into a vessel to draw or let blood from
it.  When practised on an artery, it is called Ar-
terint'omy ;  on  a vein,  Phlebolomy,  Venascc'tio,
 Venesection; and on the capillary vessels, local
or capillary, in  contradistinction  to the former,
which is termed general.   Blood-letting is used
both during the existence  of a disease, as in in-
flammation, and in the way of prophylaxis.  It
is employed to fulfil various  indications.  1. To
diminish the actual  mass of  blood; — when it is
termed, by the French  pathologists, Saignie ica-
ciiatire.   In such case, fluids ought not to be al-
lowed too freely afterwards.  2. To diminish the
turgescence in  any particular organ — (F.)  Saig-
nic revulsive, Revulsive blood-letting or bleeding,
 Venasec'tio revulso'ria, when performed far from
the part affected; and Saignie derivative,  when
 near.  3. To diminish the consistence of the blood,
 (F.)  Saignie spoliative.   The immediate  effects
 of blood-letting are: diminution  of the mass of
 blood and of heat; retardation of the pulse, and
 sometimes syncope.  Blood-letting from the veins
 —phlebotomy—is practised on the  subcutaneous
 veins of the neck, the face, the fore-arm, and the
 leg ;  sometimes  on those of the hand or foot.
 The  necessary apparatus  consists  of a bandage
 or riband, a compress of rag, and a lancet or
 phlenm.
   The veins selected for the operation, are, 1. In
 the fold of the  arm, five;—the cephalic, basilic,
 the two median, and the anterior cubital.   2. In
 the hand, the cephalic  and salvatella.  3. In the
 foot, the great and little saphena.  4. In the neck,
 the  external jugular.   5.  In the forehead, the
 frontal.   6. In  the mouth, the ranine.  The ope-
 ration of  phlebotomy in the  limbs is performed
 by tying  a  circular  bandage round the limb, in
 order that  the  subcutaneous veins may  become
 turgid  by the  course  of the blood  being ob-
 structed: the bandage  not being so tight, how-
 ever, as to compress the arteries of the limb.  A
 puncture  is made into the vein,  and the desired
 quantity  allowed  to flow.  The  ligature is now
 removed, and a compress and retaining bandage
 applied.  Capillary or  local blood-letting, arte-
 ria -phlebolomy, is  practised on  the skin  or
 mucuous  membranes,  by means  of leeches, the
 lancet,  or cupping.
   Blood-letting, Capillary, see Blood-letting
 —b. Derivative, see Blood-letting—b. Evacuative,
 see Blood-letting — b.  General, see Blood-letting
 —b.  Local,  see Blood-letting—b. Revulsive, see
 Blood-letting—1). Spoliative, see  Bloodletting.
   BLOODLIKE, Sanguine.
   BLOOD LIQUOR, Liquor Sanguinis.
   BLOODROOT, Sanguinaria Canadensis.
   BLOODSHOT. Hyperaemic.
   BLOOD S T 0 N E, Hae m atitos.
   BLOODSTROKE, Coti])-de-sang.
   BLOOD VESICLE, Globule of the blood.
   BLOOD VESSEL, (F.)  Vaisseau sanguin.  A
 vessel destined to contain and convey blood.
   Blood  Vessel, breaking, bursting, ruptu-
 ring of a.   Hoemorrhagia.
   BLOODWEED, Asclepias  curassavica.
   BLOODWORT, Hieracium venosum, Sangui-
 naria Canadensis.
   BLOODY, Sanguirleus, Cruen'tus,  Sanguin'-
 eous, (F.) Sanguin.   Having  the character of
 blood.  Relating to  blood.  See Sanguine.
   BLOODY FEUN, Dysentery.
   BLOOM,  HONEY,  Apocynum androsaemifo-
lium.
   BLOSSBURG MINERAL SPRINGS.   The
town of Blossburg is in Tioga County, 133 miles
north of Harrisburg.   They contain pure sulphu-
ric acid;  and are astringent and tonic.
  BLOSSOM, see Grog-blossom.
  BLOTA ALBA, Bleta.
  BLOTCH, (Prov.)  Splavin, Sprote. A pustule;
more commonly, an eruption of a large kind.
  BLOW, Ictus, Plege,  (F.) Coup.   Effect pro-
duced by one body  striking another.  The im-
pression  made by any body which strikes us, or
against which we strike; — a  common cause of
wounds,  contusions, fractures,  Ac,
  BLOWING SOUND, Bruit ele Souffle — b. s.
Diffused, see  Murmur, respiratory.
  BLUE-BELLS, Gentiana catesbaei.
  BLUE-BERRY,  Caulophyllum  thalictroides,
Lantana—b.  Low, Vaccinium  Pennsylvanicum.
  BLUE-BONNETS, Cetaurea cyanus.
  BLUE-BOTTLE,  Centaurea cyanus,  Cyanus
segetum.
  BLUE LICKS, see Kentucky,MineralWaters of.
  BLUE STONE, Cupri sulphas.
  BLUET, Centaurea cyanus.
  BLUET DES MOISSONS, Cyanus segetum.
  BLUITER, Borborygmus.
  BLUSH, see Flush.
  Blush, Cutaneous, see Efflorescence—b. In-
flammatory, Erythema.
  BLUTTER, Borborygmus.
  BOA,  Boia.  An eruption of red, ichorous pim-
ples.—Pliny.  See, also, Hidroa and Sudamina.
  Boa Upas, Upas.
  BO^E, Syphilis.
  BOALA, see Scherlievo.
  BOBERRI, Curcuma longa.
  BOCHE, Swelling.
  BOCCHOE, Diosma crenata.
  BOCHET,  Bochetum.
  BOCHE'TUM, (F.) Bochet.  A term formerly
applied  to the  second decoction of the sudorific
woods.  The French word has been lately revived.
  BOCHIUM, Bronchocele.
  BOCHO, Diosma crenata.
  BOCIUM,  Bronchocele.
  BOCK, Vomiturition.
  BOCKING, Eructation, Vomiting.
  BOOKLET, MINERAL WATERS OF.  The
springs  of Booklet,  in  Bavaria, are  acidulous
chalybeates.
  BODY,  Corpus, Soma, (F.)  Corps; from Teu-
tonic boden,  the  'fundus or bottom.' [?]  The
human body, (F.) Corps humain,  (Old E.) Liche,
is the collection  of  organs which  compose the
frame.   At times, however, body is used synony-
mously  with trunk.   We say, also, body of the
femur, of the sphenoid, Ac, to designate the shaft
or middle portion of those bones;  body of the
uterus, Ac.  Likewise,  any distinct  portion of
matter perceived by  the senses. Also, the  rectum.
  Body, Coming down of the, Proctocele.   '
  Body-Searcher, Searcher.  One  who formerly
examined the bodies of the dead to report as to
the  cause of  death.   In the time of the  plague
this was done by " the chirurgeons," who were
allowed  "twelve pence," to be paid out of the
goods  of the party searched, if able; otherwise,
by the parish.  Until of late, this office was exe-
cuted in England  by two old women—called
'searchers';  and  hence the imperfections of the
Bills of  Mortality.   In plague times, the office
was an  important one; and, it is stated, that a
noted searcher, named Snacks, finding his busi-
ness increase so much, that he could not transact
it alone,  offered to any one who would join him
in its  hazards, half  the  profits;  and tbey  who
joined  him  were  said to  " go  with Snacks."
Hence, the saying "to  go Snacks," or to divide
the  spoils.-—Wadd.
  BODY-SNATCHER, Resurrectionist
  BOE,  Cry. 
BOELLI
134
BONDUE
  BOELLI, Intestines.
  BOETHEMA, Medicament.
  BOG-BEAN, Menyanthes trifoliata.
  BOIION  UPAS, Upas.
  BO I A, Boa.
  BOIL, Furunculus—b. Blind, see Furunculus—
b. Gum, Parulis—b. Malignant, see Furunculus—
b. Wasp's nc-t, see Furunculus.
  B01S AMER,  Quassia — b.  de  Campeche,
Haematoxylum Campecbianum—b. de Cerfi, Cornu
cervi — b.  de  Chypre, Rhodium  lignum — b.  de
Couleuvre,  see Stiychnos — b. Doux, Glycyrrhiza
— b. de Marat's, Cephalanthus occidentalis—b.
de Plomb, Dirca palustris—6.  Pttant, Prunus  pa-
dus — b. de Rose, Rhodium lignum — b. de Sap-
pan, C.esalpinia sappan — b.  Sudorifique, Wood,
tudorilic
  BOISSE, MINERAL WATERS  OF.  These
waters are  situate about half a league from Fon-
tenay-le-Coinpte, in France.  They are purgative,
aud seem to contain  carbonate and sulphate  of
lime and chloride of sodium.
   BOISSON, Drink.
   BOIST,  Swelling.
  BOITE, (F.)  A  box or case,  Capsa,  Pyxis.
An  apparatus for the reception  of any matters
which it may be desirable  to  preserve.   In Sur-
gery and Anatomy, Boites  <J  dissection,  B. a am-
putation, B. d trepan, B. a cataracte, Ac, mean
the  cases  containing these various instruments.
Boite du Crane is  the  bony case which receives
the  brain.  Boite  is, also,  the  portion  of the  |
stem of the trephine which  receives the pyra-
mid or centre-pin.  Boite de Petit is a machine,
invented by M. Petit, to retain the fractured por-
tions of bone in apposition, when  the leg has been
fractured in a complicated  manner.  Boiteis, also,
a kind of  case put before an artificial anus to  re-
ceive the faeces, which  are continually being dis-
 charged.  The vulgar, in  France, give  the name
Boite,  to various articulations,—B. de  genou, B.
de la hanche; "knee-joint, hip-joint."
   BOITE ME NT, Claudication.
   BO IT ERIE, Claudication.
   BOITIER, (F.) Appareil, Cap'sula unguenta'-
 ria, Cupsa'rium.   A dressing-case.  A box, con-
 taining salves and  different apparatus, used more
 particularly by tbe dressers in hospitals.
   BOK, Vomiturition.
   BOKKING, Eructation, Vomiting.
   BOL, Bolus—6. dArminie, Bole, Armenian—
 6.   Oriental,  Bole, Armenian — 6.  Blanc, Bolus
 alba—b. Rouge, Bole, Armenian.
   BOLA,  Myrrha.
   BOLCHON, Bdellium.
   BOLE,  Bolus, (F.) Bol, Terre bolaire, meant,
 with the  older writers, argillaceous earth, used
 as an absorbent and alexipharmic  The various
 boles had  different forms given to them, and were
 stamped, or sealed, hence  called  Terra sigillata;
 as in the  following :
    Bole Arme'nian, Bole Arme'niac, B. Ar'me-
 nic, Argilla ferrugin'ea  rubra,  A. Bolus rubra,
 Siuapisis, Areua'men,  Bolus Orienta'lis  seu Ar-
 meniaca seu Arme'nia seu rubra, (F.)  Bol d'Ar-
 minie  ou  oriental ou rouge.  A red, clayey earth,
 found not only in Armenia,  but  in several coun-
 tries  of Europe, — in  Tuscany,  Silesia,  France,
 Ac. It was once esteemed a tonic and astringent,
 and was applied as-a styptic.  It is now, scarcely,
 if ever, used.  It consists of argil, mixed with
 lime and  iron.
    BOLES IS. Coral.
    BOLESON,  Balsam.
    BOLET ODORANT, Daedalea suaveolens.
    BOLETUS AGARICUS, B. Laricis—b. Albus,
  Boletus laricis — b. Cervinus, Elaphomyces gra-
  nulans—b. Discoideus, Daedalea suaveolens.
  Bole'tus Escui.en'tcs,  (F.)  Morelle. _  Ord.
Fungi.   An eatable mushroom, found  in  the
woods in Europe, and much admired by Gastro-
nomes.  It was formerly esteemed to  be aphro-
disiac
  Boletus Fulvus, B. igniarius—b. Hippocrepis,
B. igniarius.
  Bole'tus Ignia'rius.  The systematic name
for the  Ag'aric,  Agar'icus,  Agar'icum  of tlie
Pharmacopoeias,  Agar'icus  Chirurijo' rum  seu
Quercds seu  ignia'rius,  Polyp'orris  ignia'rius,
Is'ca, Bole'tus ungula'tns seu fulvus seu hippo.
crepisseu obtu'sus, Spunk, Arn'adou, Punk, (Prov.)
Funk, Fungus  Ignia'rius,  Fungus  Qiierci'iins,
Agaric  of the  Oak, Touchwood,  Touchwood Rule-
tus, Female Agaric,  Tinder,  (F.) Agaric de cliene,
Amadouvier.   It  was formerly  much used by
surgeons as a styptic.
   Bole'tus Lar'icis, B. Lariclnus seu  purgnvi
seu albus seu  agar'icus seu officina'lis, Fun'gm
Lar'icis, Polyp'orus officina'lis, Agar'icus tillttu
seu Lar'icis,  A. Albus op'timns, White Agtirie,
(F.) Agaric blanc, A. Amadouvier.  On the con-
tinent of Europe it has been given as a cathartic
and emetic, as well  as to moderate the sweats in
phthisis.—De Haen.  Externally, styptic.
   Boletus Obtusus, B. igniarius—b. Officinali?,
B. laricis— b. Purgans, Boletus laricis—b. Salicis,
Daedalea suaveolens—b.  Suaveolens, Daedaka
suaveolens—b. Touchwood, Boletus igniarius.
   BOLT MARTIS,  Ferrum tartarisatum.
   BOLISMOS, Boulimia.
   BOLI'TES.  The  mushroom; perhaps the
Agar'icus  Aurantiacus. — Pliny, Martial, Seuto-
nius, Galen.   It  was so called, in consequence
of its shape,—from  Bolus.
   BOLLYNGE, Swelling.
   BOLNING, Swelling.
   BOLT.   Used, at times, for to swallow without
chewing,—as to " bolt one's food."
   BOLUS, (lurXos, Buccella, a morsel, a mouth-
ful, a bole, (F.)  Bol.   A pharmaceutical prepa-
ration,  having a pilular shape, but larger; capa-
 ble, however, of being swallowed as a pill.
   BOLUS Alba,  Terra Sigilkt'ta, Argilla pal-
lid i or:—called sigilla'ta, from being commonly
 made into small cakes or flat masses, and stamped
 or sealed  with  certain impressions.   (F.) Bui
 blanc,  Terre  Sigillie, Argile ochrense pdle.  It
 was  used  like Bole Armenian, and was brought
 from Etruria.   See  Terra.
   Bolus, Alimen'tary, Bolus Alimenta'rius.  The
 bole  formed by the food, after it has undergone
 mastication and insalivation in the mouth ; and
 been collected upon the tongue prior to degluti-
 tion.
   Bolus Orienta'lis.   A kind of bolar earth,
 only distinguished  from Bole Armenian in being
 brought from  Constantinople. See Bole, Armenian.
   Bolus Rubra, Bole Armenian.
   BOMA'REA SALSIL'LA.   The inhabitants
 of Chili use this plant as a  sudorific.  It is given
 in infusion in cutaneous diseases.
   BOMB AX, Gossypium.
   BOMREMENT, Bombus.
   BOMBITATIO, Tinnitus aurium.
   BOMBUS, Au'rium fluctua'tio, A.  Sib'ilus, A.
 Son'itus, A. Susur'rus, (F.) Bombement.  A kind
 of ringing or buzzing in the ears;—characterized,
 according  to  Sauvages,  by  the  perception «f
 blows  or  beating repeated at certain intervals.
 Also, Borborygmus.   See  Fart,  Flatulence, and
 Tinnitus Aurium.
    BOMBYX MORI, see Sericum.
    BON, Coffea Arabica.
    BONA.  Phaseolus vulgaris.
    BONANNIA OFFICINALIS, Sinapis alba,
    BONA FEVER, see Fever, Bona.
    BONDUE, Gymnocladus Canadensis. 
BONE                  135            BORACIC  ACID
  BONE, Os, Os'tcon,  Os'teunr, (F.) Os, (Sax.)
ban.  The bones are the solid  and hard parts,
which  form the basis  of  the bodies of animals
of the  superior  classes; and the union  of which
constitutes the skeleton.  The human body has,
at the  adult age,  208 bones, without including
the .">2 teeth, the ossa  Wormiana, and  the sesa-
moid bones.  Anatomists divide them, from their
shape, into 1. Long bones, which form part of the
limbs,  and represent columns for supporting the
weight of the  body, or levers of different kinds
for the muscles to act upon.  2.  Flat bones, which
form the parietes of splanchnic  cavities; and,  3.
Short bones,  met with in parts of the body where
solidity and some mobility are necessary.  Bones
are formed of two  different textures  ; spongy and
compact.  They afford, on analysis, much phos-
phate  and carbonate of lime, a little phosphate
of  magnesia, phosphate of ammonia, oxides  of
iron and  manganese, some traces of alumina and
silica,  gelatin,  fat,  and water.   The uses of the
bones  are mentioned  under each bone.  They
give shape to  the  body, contain and defend the
viscera, and act as  levers to the muscles.

             TABLE OF THE  BONES.
                        [Frontal.....................   1
             Bones of the I '>ar;e.t;1,;...................   ?
              Cranium or I °ccmUh:.................   J
                skua.   1 l""vpor-f..................   ?
                         Ethmoid...................   ]
                        I Sphenoid ..................   1
                        [Superior Maxillary....   2
                         .lusiil or Cheek..........   2
                        I Nasal........................   2
             Bones of the] Lachrymal................   2
Bones of
   THE
 Head.
Bones op
  the
 TllUNK.
Bones of
the Up-
per Kx-
TREMITT.
B'">N'FS OF
 LOWP.K
 LXTRE-
 MITt.
Face.
Dentes,
  Palatine....................  2
  Inferior Spongy.........  2
  Vomer................ .....  1
  Inferior Maxillary......  1
 'Tncisores...................  8
■i Cuspidati..................  4
 (.Molares..................... 20
   Teeth.
 Bone of the i TT„ •,
   Tongue.  \ "J0"1.....          •   *
           (Malleus....................   2
Bones of the ) Incus........................   2
    Ear.   Hhbiculare.................   2
           (Stapes.......................   2
           (Cervical....................   7
  Vertebra.  < Dorsal......................  12
           (Lumbar....................   5
 Sacrum.......................................   1
 Os Coccygis.................................   1

 ^^-{^r^:;;;;;;;;;-;;;z2l
 The Pelvis......Innominatum............   2
The^u^^S-;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;   I
 The Arm.......Humerus..................   2
  „        (Ulna........................   2
  Fore-arm.  '
/Ulna..
( Radius
Carpus,
( Naviculare................  2
| Lunare.....................  2
 Cuneiforme...............  2
 Orbiculare................  2
Wrist.
           ) Trapezium................ 2
            Trnpezoides............... 2
            Magnum.................. 2
            Uuciforme................. 2
    ^fetacarpus............................... 10
    Phalanges................................ 28
The Thigh.......Femur...................... 2
           (Patella..................... 2
  TheZe^r.   -t Tibia........................ 2
           (.Fibula...................... 2
           f Calcis Os................... 2
            Astragalus............... 2
            Cuboides.................. 2
            Naviculars................ 2
            Cuueiforme............... 6
H \  Metatarsus............................... 10
  [J'halanges................................. 28

             Total..................... 240
  The bones of the ox, Bos Taurus, are employed
in pharmacy.
  Bove-Ach, Osteocopus — b. Ague, Osteocopus.
o   Tarsus,
S |    or
*" ■{  Jnstep.
   Bone, Back,Vertebral column—b.Bar,Pubis,os.
   Bone Black, see Carbo animalis.
   Bone, Blade, Scapula — b.  Boat-like, Os  sea-
 phoides—b. Breast, Sternum—b.Crupper, Coccyx.
   Bone Earth, see Cornu ustum — b. Fever, see
 Inflammation.
   Boni:,  H.yonch,  Ilion—b.  Interparietal, Inter-
 parietal bone.
   Bone Phosphate of Lime, see Cornu ustum.
   Bone,  Ri mi>, Coccyx — b.  Share,  Pubis — b.
 Splinter.  Fibula.
   BONEBINDER, Osteocolla.
   BONE-DOCTOR, Rcnoueur.
   BONE-NIPPERS, Osteulcum, Tenac'ula, from
 teneo, ' I  hold.'  (F.)  Tenaille incisive.  An in-
 strument used for  cutting off  splinters and  car-
 tilages.   It is a kind of forceps, the  handles of
 which are strong,  and  the  edges, which touch
 each other, cutting.
   BONESET,   Eupatorium  perfoliatum — b.
 Rough,   Eupatorium  teucrifolium  — b. Upland,
 Eupatorium sessifolium.
   BONE-SETTER, Renoueur.
   BONE-SHAVE. Neuralgia femoro-poplitaea.
   PONES, BRITTLENESS OF THE, Fragilitas
 ossium—b. Friability  of the, Fragilitas ossium—
 b. Salt of, Ammoniae carbonas — b. Softening of
 the, Mollifies ossium.
   BON1IOMME.  Verbascum  thapsus.
   BONICLATTER, Bonnyclabber.
   BONIFACIA, Ruscus hypoglossura.
   BONITTILOBBER, Bonnyclabber.
   BOXXE DAME. Atriplex hortensis.
   BONNES, MINERAL WATERS OP.  Bonnes
 is a village six  leagues from Pan,  in the depart-
 ment Basses Pyrinies, France. Here are several
 thermal springs.   They were  celebrated as early
 as the time of Francis I., under the  name Eaux
 d'Arquebusade. They contain chlorides of sodium
 and magnesium, sulphates of magnesia and lime.
 sulphur, and silica. The temperature is from 78°
 to 98° Fahrenheit.
   The factitious Eatj  de Bonnes is made  of Hy-
 drosulphuretted water, f -,'iv; pure  water, Oj. and
 f^ss; chloride of sodium, gr. xxx;  sulphate of
 magnesia, gr. i.
   BONNET, Reticulum.
   BONNET A DEUN GLOBES, Bonnet d'Hip-
 pocrate.
   BONNET  D•HIPP'OCRATE,  Cap of Hip-
 poc' rates, M'ttra Hippocrat'ica, Fas'cia capita'lis,
 PIleus Hippocrat'icus.  A kind of bandage, the
 invention of  which  is ascribed to Hippocrates.
 It consists of a double-headed  roller, passed  over
 the head, so as to envelop  it like a cap.  The
 French also name it Bonnet  d  deux globes. Cape-
 line de la tete.
   BONNYCLABBER, Clabber, from Irish, bainc,
 ' milk,' and clabar, ' mire.'  In Ireland, sour but-
 termilk.  In this country, the  thick part of  sour
 milk.  Boniclatter and Bom'thlobber, also, meant
 cream or "good milk gone thick.'—Halliwell.
   BONPLANDIA ANGUSTURA, Cusparia fe-
 brifuga—b. Trifoliata, Cusparia febrifuga.
   BONTIA GERMINANS. Avicennia tomentosa.
   BONUS GENIUS, Peucedanum—b. Henricus,
 Chenopodium bonus Henricus.
   BONY, Osseous.
   BOOCHO,  Diosma crenata.
   BOON  UPAS," Upas.
   BOONA, Phaseolus vulgaris.
   BOOTIA VULGARIS,  Saponaria.
   BOOTIKIN.  A glove with a partition  for the
 thumb, but no separate ones for tbe fingers—like
| an infant's glove—made of oiled silk.—Dr. E. J.
 Seymour. Horace  Walpole speaks  in raptures of
 the benefit he derived from bootikins in gout.
   BORACIC ACID, Ac"idum Borne"icum, Sal
| sedati'vus Homber'gi, Boric  Acid,  (F.) Acide 
BORAGE                136               BOTHRION
boracique.  An acid obtained from borax, which
amis once looked upon as sedative.   It was also
called Acor Borac"icus, Sal vitrioli narcolicum,
Sal volat'ile Bora'cis, and Fiores Bora'cis.
  BORAGE, Borau-o officinalis.
  BORA'GO  OFFICINA'LIS,  Buglos'sum  ve-
rum  seu  latifo'lium,  Borra'go,  Corra'go,  Bo-
i'igo horten'sis, Borage, Bnrrage, (F.) Bourrache.
Ord. Boragineae.   Sex.  Syst. Pentandria Mono-
gynia.   The leaves and flowers have been con-
sidered aperient.
  BORAS SEPERSODICUS, Borax.
  BORATHRON,  Juniperus Sabina.
  BORAX, Boras  Soda seu sttpersalurus soda
seu alcales'cens seu alcali nam seu superset'dicus,
Soda Bibo'ras,  Subboras  Soda  seu  na'tricum,
Soda Boruxa'ta,  Chrysocolla,  Cnpis'trurh  auri,
Subhorate cifprotox' ide of So' dinrn,Subprotobo' rate
of Sodium, Borax  Ven'etus, Borax'trion,  Nitrum
factl'tiiim, &c, Subbo'rate or Biborate of Soda,
Borate of Soda,  (F.) Borate ou  Sous-borate de
Sonde,  Borate sursaturi de sonde.   It is found in
an impure state in  Thibet and Persia.  It is in-
odorous;  taste cool, and somewhat  alkaline;
soluble in 12  parts of water.  Borax is  seldom
used except as a lotion in  aphthae.
  Borate of  Mercury has been recommended
as an antisvphilitic
  BORAXTRION, Borax.
  BORBONTA RUSCTFO'LIA.  A small South
African shrub, used in asthma and hydrothorax.
In decoction, it is given as a diuretic.—Pappe.
  BORBORUS, Fimus.
  BORBORYG'MUS, from (lopPopvfa, < I  make a
dull  noise.'  Murmur seu Bombus seu Motus In-
testino'rum, Anile'ma, Anile'sis, Oieliopsoph'ia, In-
toiia'tio intestina'lis. Murmur ventris seu  intesti-
r.tlle, Dor'borygm, (Sc.) Bluiter, Blutter,  (Prov.)
Crolling. Growling, (F.) Gargouillement, Grouille-
ment elEntrailles.  The noise made by flatus in
the intestines.   This  happens often  in  health,
especially in nervous individuals.
  BORD (F.), Mar-go, Edge,  Margin.  Anato-
mists have so named the boundaries of an organ.
Thus, the bones, muscles, <fcc have bords as well
as bodies. The 'free edge,' bord libre, is  one not
connected with any part; the  'adhering edge,'
lord adhirent, one  that  is connected; and  the
lord articulaire, or  'articular margin or edge,'
that which is joined to another bone.
  BORD CILIAIRE, Ciliary margin.
  BORDEAUX, MINERAL  WATERS  OF.
Near this great city, in the south-west of  France,
is a saline, chalybeate spring. It contains oxide
of iron, carbonate and sulphate of lime, chlorides
of sodium and calcium, subcarbonate of soda, and
sulphate of magnesia.
  BORE. Boron.
  BORE-TREE, Sambucus.
  BORGNE (F.),  Codes,  Unoc'ulus,  Luscus,
Luscio'sus.  One who has only one eye, or sees
only with one.  The word  has been  used, figu-
ratively, for blind, in surgery and anatomy.   See
Caecus.
  BORIUM. Boron.
  BORKHAUSENIA CAVA, Fumaria bulbosa.
  BORN, past participle of oear, (F.) ni. Brought
forth from the womb.
  Bohn Alive.  It has been decided by  English
judges, that 'to be born  alive,' means, that acts
i.f life must have been manifested after the whole
body has been extruded;  and that respiration in
transitu  is not evidence  that a child was born
alive.   It must be 'wholly  born alive;' hence
respiration may be a sign of life, but not of live
birth.
  BORON,  Bo'rium, Borum, (F.) Bore. A simple
substance, the basis of boracic acid; obtained, by
beating potassium with boracic acid, as  a dark,
olive-coloured powder, devoid of taste and smell.
Heated  in  the air or in oxygen, it is  converted
into boracic acid.
  BOR'OSAIL,  Zael.   ./Ethiopian  names  for a
disease, very common there, which attacks the
organs of generation, and appears to have  con-
siderable analogy with syphilis.
  BORRAGO, Borago officinalis.
  BORRI,  Curcuma longa.
  BORRIBERRI, Curcuma longa.
  BORSE, MINERAL  MATERS OF.  Borse is
a village in Beam.   The waters are chalybeate.
  BORUM, Boron.
  BOSA.   An ^Egyptian name for a mass, made
of the meal of darnel, hemp-seed, and water. It
is inebriating.—Prospero Alpini.  At tbe present
day, it is applied to  a  kind of acidulated  and,
sometimes, fermented scherbet.  In its common-
est  form, it is made by fermenting an infusion of
millet-seed.  A more agreeable Bosa is prepared
by  the  Egyptians from tamarinds and honey;
and by the Greeks from the fruit of Solanum Ly-
copersicum.  This last is called, by them, Apooia-
tikov,  Drosis'ticon.
  BOSC11ESJESMANSTHEE,   Methystophyl-
lum glaucum.
  BOSOM, see Mamma.
  BOSSA,  Plague token.
  BOSSE,  Hump, Protuberance — b. Nasale,
Nasal protuberance.
  BOSSU, see Hump.
  BOSWELLIA SERRATA, see Juniperus lycia
—b. Thurifera, see Juniperus lycia.
  BOTAL  FORA'MEN,  Fora'men  Bota'le  seu
Botallii, Fora'men  Ova'le,  (F.)  Trou de Ra-
tal, Trou ovale.   A large opening  which exists
in the foetus in  the partition  between the two
auricles of the  heart;  and by  means  of which
the blood passes from  one to  the other.   Its
discovery is generally attributed to Leonard Bo-
tallus, Botal, or  Botalli, who wrote in  15C2.  It
was spoken of, however, by Vesalius,  and even
by  Galen.
  BOTANE, Herb.
  BOTANICAL DOCTOR, Herb-doctor.
  BOTANIQ UE MEDIC ALE, Botany, medical.
  BOT'ANY, MEDICAL,  Botarlica  Med'ka,
Medicina  Botan'ica, Phytcrlog"ia  Med'ica, from
ftoravn, 'an herb,' (F.) Botanique Midicule.  The
knowledge of the properties,  characters, &c. of
those  vegetables which  are used in medicine.
  BOTAR'GO,  (F.) Botargue.   A  preparation
made in  Italy and the south of France, with the
eggs and blood of the Mugilccpllalus  or Jlullet,
strongly salted, after it has become putrescent.
It is used as  a condiment.
  BOTARGUE, Botargo.
  BOTCH, (I.)  Bozza.   Of old, a swelling of the
skin.   A phlegmon.  A large ulcerous affection.
  BOTHOR.  An Arabic term for abscess in the
nares.   It  means, also,  a tumour in  general;
especially  those which  are without solution of
continuity.
  BOTHRIOCEPH'ALUS, B. latus,  Bothrio-
ceph'alum, from  (iodpiov, 'a small pit,' and KetpaXn,
' head.'   Botrioceph'alus,  Diboth'rinm  latum,
Ta'nia lata seu  vulga'ris seu os'eulis lateralibus
gem'inis seu grisea seu membrana'cea seu tenel'la
seu denta'ta seu humelna iner'mis sea prima seu
os'eulis lateralibus solifa'riis  seu ticeph'a/a seu
osculis superficialibus, Lumbri'cus latus, I'lnte'a,
Haly'sis membrana'cea  seu lata, (F.) Tenia d an-
neaux courts ou non  armi, Vcr solitaire, Broad
Tape-worm.   Common in Switzerland, Russia,
and some parts of France. It inhabits the intes-
tines  of man, and extends to an enormous length.
A broken specimen has been  obtained 60 yards
long.—Goeze.
  BOTH'RION, Both'rium, from fioSpiov, 'a small 
BOTIIRIUM
137
BOURBON-LANCY
pit, cavity,' Ac.   An alveolus, or small fossa.  A
small, deep ulcer on the cornea.—Galen, Paulus
of^Egina.  See Fossette.
  BOTIIRIUM, Bothrion, Fossette.
  BOTHROS, Fovea.
  BOTIN. Terebinthina.
  BOTIIM. Bronchocele.
  BOTOTil IN I'M.  An obscure term, used by
 Paracelsus to denote the most striking symptom
 of a disease:—the Flos morbi.
  BOTO IT, Pareira brava.
  BOTRIOCEPIIALUS, Bothriocephalus.
  BOTRTON, Alveolus.
  BOTROPIIIS SERPENTARIA, Actsea race-
 mosa.
   BOTRYS, Chenopodium botrys, see Vitis vini-
 fera— b. Ambrosioides, Chenopodium ambrosio-
 ides— b. Americana, Chenopodium ambrosioides
 —b.  Anthelmintica,  Chenopodium anthelminti-
 cum—b.  Mexicana, Chenopodium ambrosioides.
   ROTTIXE (F.).  A thin boot or buskin, O'crea
 le'rior.   An instrument which resembles a small
 boot, furnished  with springs, straps, buckles, &c,
 and used to obviate distortions of the lower ex-
 tremities in children.
   BOTTLE-NOSE, Gutta rosea.
   BOTTLE-STOOP.  In Pharmacy,  an arrange-
 ment for giving the proper inclination to a bottle
 containing a powder, so as to  admit of the con-
 tents being readily removed by the knife, in dis-
 pensing  medicines.   It consists of a block of
 wood  with a groove in the upper surface, to re-
 ceive the bottle in an  oblique position.
   BOTTOM, Nates.
   BOTTRY-TREE, Sambucus.
   BOUBALIOS, Momordica elaterium, Vulva.
  .BOUBON, Bubo.
   BOUCAGE  ANIS,  Pimpinella  anisum —6.
 Majeur,  Pimpinella magna — b. Mineur, Pimpi-
 nella saxifraga—b. Petit, Pimpinella saxifraga.
   BOUCHE,  Mouth —6.  Pdteuse, Clammy
 mouth.
   BOUCLEMENT, Infibulation.
   BOUE, see Corruption.
   BOUE SPLENIQUE. The altered blood ex-
 travasatcd into the splenic cells has been so
 called.
   BOUES  DES EAUX (F.), Bones Minerales,
 Balnea  Ceno'sa.  The mud or swamp, formed
 near mineral springs, impregnated with the sub-
 stances contained in  such  springs, and  conse-
 quently  possessing similar properties. The2?«ne8
 are applied generally  and topically, in France,  at
 tbe springs of  St. Amand, BagnereS de Luchon,
 Bagnols, and Barieges : in the United States,  at
 the White Sulphur in Virginia, &c.
   BOUES MINERALES,  Bones des eaux.
    BOUFFE, (F.)  The small eminence, formed
 by the junction of the two lips.—Delaureus.
    Boiiffe, Eructation.
    BOUFFEE  DE CHALEUR, Flush.
    BOUE FISSURE,  Puffiness.
    BOUGIE, (F.)  A wax  candle: Candel'nla,
  Cande'la. C. ce'rea seu medica'ta,  Ce'reum medi-
 ca'tum, Cere'olns  Chirurgo'rrtm, Da'dion,  Spect'l-
 Inm ce'reum, Virga ce'rea, Cere'olns.  A  flexible
 cylinder, variable in  size, to be introduced into
 the urethra, oesophagus, rectum, Ac, for the pur-
 pose  of dilating these canals, when contracted.
 A Simple Bougie is composed of solid and inso-
 luble substances; as  plaster,  elastic gum, gutta
 percha, catgut—(Bougie de Corde & boyau,) Ac.
 It acts of course only mechanically.
    BordiE, Mep'icated, (F.) B. Midicamenteuse,
 has the addition of some escharotic or other sub-
 stance to destroy the obstacle ; as in the  Caustic
 Bougie,  (F.) B. cautirisante, B. armie.B. emplas-
 tique, which has a small portion of  Lunar Caus-
tic or Common Caustic inserted  in its  extremity.
Ducamp has recommended a Bougie, which swells
out near its extremity, for the better dilating of
the urethra.   This he  calls  B. d  ventre.   The
metallic Bougie, invented by  Smyth, is a compo-
sition of metal, allowing of great flexibility; and
a hollow Bougie is one  with  a channel running
through it, to be used in the same manner as the
catheter, or otherwise.
  Bougie, Uterine, Sound, uterine.
  BOUILLIE, (F.)  Pultic'ula, Pap, from (F.)
bouillir, 'to boil.'  Flour, beaten and boiled with
milk.   It is a common food for infants.
  BOUILLON, (F.) from  bouillir,  'to boil,' Jus,
Snrbil'io. A liquid food, made by boiling the
flesh of animals in water.  The osmazome, gela-
tin, and soluble salts dissolve :  the fat melts, and
the albumen coagulates. Bouillon is nourishing,
owing to  the gelatin and osmazome.  The J-us de
 Viande is a very concentrated Bouillon, prepared
of beef, mutton, veal, Ac
   BOUILLON, in common language, in France,
means  a round  fleshy  excrescence, sometimes
seen in the centre of a venereal ulcer.
   BOUILLON BLANC, Verbascum nigrum.
   BOUILLOXS  MEDICINAUX ou  PHAR-
 MACEUTIQUES,  Medicinal  or  Pharmaceutic
 Bouillons, contain infusions or  decoctions of me-
 dicinal herbs.  The Bouillon aux herbes is gene-
 rally composed of sorrel or beet.
   BOUILLON d'OS, (F.) Bouillon from  bones,
 is obtained by treating  bones with muriatic acid,
 in  order to dissolve the earthy  parts.   The  gela-
 tin, which remains, is then  boiled with a  little
 meat and vegetables.—D'Arcet.  Bouillon,  how-
 ever, can be easily  obtained from  the  bones of
 roast meat by simple coction.
   BOUILLONNEMENT, Ebullition.
    BOUTS, Buxus.
   BOULE D'ACIER,  Ferrum tartarizatum—b.
 de Mars, Ferrum  tartarizatum — b. de Molsheim,
 Ferrum tartarizatum — b. de Nancy, Ferrum tar-
 tarizatum.
   BOULEAU COMMUN, Betula alba.
   BOELESIS, Voluntas.
   BOULIMTA,  Bulim'ia, Bulim'ius, Bu'limus,
 Bou'limos, Bulimi'asis, Bolis'mos, Eclim'ia. Fames
 cani'na seu bovlna seu lupi'na, Appeti'tus  cani-
 nus, Appeten'tia cani'na, Adepha'gia, Cynorex'ia,
 Orex'is cyno'des,  Bupi'na, Bupei'na, Phaga'na,
 Phagcda'na, from  (3ovs,  'an  ox,'  and  Xtpos,
 'hunger ;' or from j3ov, augmentative particle, and
 Xtpos, 'hunger,' (F.) Boulimie,  Faim canine, F.
 devoretnte, Po/yphagie.   An  almost  insatiable
 hunger.  A  canine appetite.   It  is sometimes
 seen in hysteria  and pregnancy;  rarely  under
 other circumstances.
   BOULIMIE, Boulimia.
    BOULOGNE,   MINERAL   WATERS   OF.
 Boulogne is in the department of Pas-de-Calais,
 France.  The waters are chalybeate.
    BOUNCING BET, Saponaria.
    BOUND.  Costive.
    BOUNTREE,  Sambucus.
    BOUQUET ANATOMTQUE DE RIOLAN,
 (F.) from bouquet, a collection  of flowers or other
 substances tied together.   A  name given, by some
 anatomists,  to the  collection  of  ligaments and
 muscles,  inserted  into  the styloid process of the
 temporal bone.
    Bouquet  Fever. Densrue.
    BOURRTLLON. see Furunculus (core).
    BOEREON-LANCY, MINERAL  WATERS
 OF.  Bourbon-Lancy is a small  village in the
 department of Saone-et-Loire,  France:  where
 there are thermal saline springs, containing car-
 bonic  acid, chloride of sodium, and  sulphate of
I soda, chloride of calcium, carbonate of lime, iron, 
BOURBON L'ARCIIAMBAUT    138         BRACIIIOCYLLOS
and  silica.  Their heat  is  from 106°  to  135°
Fahrenheit.
  BOURBON L'ARCIIAMBAUT,  MINERAL
WATERS OF.  This town  is in the department
of Allier, six leagues  west  from  Moulins, and
has been long celebrated for its thermal chaly-
beate waters.  They contain sulphohydric  acid,
sulphate of soda, magnesia, and lime, carbonate
of iron, and  silica.  Their  temperature  varies
between 130° and 145° Fahrenheit.
  BOURBONNE-LES-BAINS.  MINERAL
WATERS OF.   These springs are seven leagues
from  Langres,  department of Haute - Marne,
France.  They are thermal and saline, and have
been  long celebrated.   Temperature  from  106°
to 133° Fahrenheit.  The Factitious water,  (F.)
Eau de Boiirbonne-les-Baius, Aqua  Borroneu'sis,
is composed  of  icater. containing twice its bulk
of carbonic  acid, f^xxss;  chloride  of sodium,
fZQ, chloride of  calcium, gr. x, Ac.
  'BOURBOULE, MINERAL  WATERS  OF.
A village near Mont d'Or,  where  there are two
thermal saline springs.
   BOURDAINE, Rhamnus frangula.
  BOURDONXEMEXT, Tinnitus aurium.
  BOURDONNET, Pnlvillus,  P.  e  linamen'tis
confec'tus seu rotitn'dus.  Dossil.  A term in French
surgery for charpie rolled  into a small mass  of
an olive shape, which is used for plugging wounds,
absorbing  the  discharge,  and . preventing  the
union of their edges.  In cases of deep and  pene-
trating wounds,  as of the  abdomen  or chest, a
thread  is attached  to them  by  which they may
be  readily withdrawn,   and be prevented  from
passing altogether into those cavities.
   BOURGENE, Rhamnus frangula.
   BOURGEON, Granulation,  Papula—b.  Char-
n«, Granulation.
   BOURGEONNEMENT, see Generation.
   BOURGEOXS, Gutta rosea.
   BOURGUEPINE, Rhamnus.
   BOURRACHE, Borago officinalis.
   BOURRELET  (F.)  A  Pad,  a Border.  A
 fibro-cartilaginous border, which surrounds cer-
 tain articular cavities, such as the glenoid cavity
 of the scapula and the acetabulum ; by which the
 depth of those cavities  is  augmented.  See Cor-
 pus Callosum.
   BOURRELET ROULE. Cornu ammonis.
   BOURSE d  BERGER, Thlaspibursa—6. d
 Pasteur, Thlaspibursa.
   BOURSES  (LES),   Scrotum—6.  Mucilagi-
 neuses,  Bursa?  mucosae — b.  Muqueuses,  Bursae
 mucosae.
   BOURSOUFLURE, Puffiness.
   BOURTREE, Sambucus.
   BOUSSOLE, Glossanthrax.
   BOUT DE  SETN (F.), 'End  of  the breast,'
 'nipple'  An instrument of caoutchouc or ivory
 to place over the nipple when the infant  sucks,
 soon after delivery, or  where the  nipple is in a
 morbid condition.
   BOUTON, Papula—b.  d'Alep,  see Anthrax—
  b. Matin, see  Anthrax — b. d'Or,  Ranunculus
  acris.   '       v
   BOUTONNTERE (F.), Fissu'ra,  Incis'io.   A
 long incision made into the urethra  to extract a
  calculus from the  canal, when it is  too large to
  be discharged.
   Also, a small incision or puncture,  made in the
  peritoneum, or  above the  pubis, to penetrate the
  bladder in certain cases of retention  of urine.
   BOVACHEVO, Datura sanguinea.
   BOVILL-E.  Rubeola,
   BOVISTA, Lycoperdon.
   BOWEL. Intestine.
   BOWLEGGED, see  Cnemoscoliosis.
  BOWMAN'S CAPSULE, sec Kidney.
  BOWMAN'S ROOT, Euphorbia corollata, Gil.
lenia trifoliata, Leptandria purpurea.
  BOXBERRY, Gaultheria.
  BOX. MOUNTAIN, Arbutus uva ursi.
  BOX TREE, Buxus, Cornus Florida.
  BOXWOOD. Cornus Florida.
  BOYAU. Intestine—6. Pollinique. see Pollen,
  BRABYLON, Prunum D:nnascenuin.
  BRACHERIOLUM, Truss.
  BRACIIERIUM. Truss.
  BRACIIIA COPULATIVA, see Peduncles of
the Cerebellum.
  BRACIIIA PONTIS,  see  Peduncles of the
Cerebellum.
  BRACHI/EUS, Brachial — b.  Internus, Bra-
chialis anterior.
  BRA'CHIAL,  Brachin'lis, Brachia'us, from
Brachium, ' the arm.'  What belongs to the arm.
  Brachial  Atoneuro'sis.   An   aponeurosis,
formed particularly by expansions of the tendons
of the latissinms  dorsi, pectoralis major, and clel-
toides muscles, and which completely envelops
the  muscles of the arm.
  Brachial Artery, Arte'via brachin'lis, Hit'.
meral Artery, (F.)  Artere  ou  Tronc  brachial.
The artery, which extends from the  axilla  to the
bend of the elbow; where it divides into A. enlri-
tab's and  A.  radialis.  It passes  along the inter-
nal  edge  of  the biceps, behind tbe median nerve
and  between the accompanying veins.  Under
the  name Brachial Artery,  Chaussier includes
the  subclavian,  axillary, and humeral, the last
being the brachial proper:
   Brachial Muscle, Anterior, Mus'culns Bm-
chia'b's Antc'rior, Brachia'lis internus seu anti'-
cits, Brachia'us, B. internus. (F.) Muscle brachial
interne, Humiro-cubital — (Ch.^  This  muscle is
situate at the anterior and  inferior  part of the
arm, and  before the elbow-joint.  It arises, fleshy,
 from tbe  middle  of the os humeri, and is inserted
 into the  coronoid process of the ulna.  Use, To
bend the  fore-arm.
   Brachial  Plexus,  Plexus Brachia'lis, is a
 nervous plexus, formed by the interlacing  of the
 anterior branches of the last four cervical pairs
 and the first dorsal.  It is  deeply seated  in the
 hollow of the  axilla, and extends as far  as the
 inferior and lateral part of the  neck. It gives
 off the thoracic nerves, supra and infra scapular;
 and the brachial (which  are  six  in number), the
 axillary,  cutaneous,  musculo-cutaneous,  radial,
 cubital, and  median.
   Brachial Veins  are  two in number, and ac-
 company  the artery,  frequently  anastomosing
 with each other: they terminate in the axillary,
 Under the  term Brachial Veins, Chaussier in-
 cludes the humeral, axillary, and subclavian.
   BRA CHI ALE, Carpus.
   B R A C IIIA L' G I A. Neuralgia  Brachiu'li',
 from Ppax'urv, 'the arm,' and aXyos, 'pain.'  Pain
 in the arm, neuralgia of the arm.
   BRACHIALIS, Brachial—b. Anticus, Brachbil
 muscle—b. Externus, see Triceps extensor cubiti
 —b. Internus, Brachial  muscle.
   BRACHIERIUM, Truss.
j   BRACHILE,  Truss.
   BRACHILUVIUM, Bath, arm.
   BRACHIO-CEPHALIC  ARTERY, Innomi-
 nata arteria—b.  Veins, Innominatae venae.
   B R A'C IIIO-C U'B IT A L, Brachio-cnb'tta'll:
 That which belongs both  to the  arm and cubitus.
 This name has been  given to the internal Intend
 ligament  of the elbow-joint; because it is  at-
 tached to the os brachii or os humeri and to the
 cubitus or ulna.
   BRACHIOCYLLO'SIS,  from  0paXtorv,  'tha
I arm,' and kvXXutois, 'the act of making crooked.' 
BRACHION
139
BRAS
Curvature of the arm inwards.  Paralysis or loss
of power from curvature of the arm.            j
  BRAf'HION,  Brachium.
  BRACIIION'CUS,  from  /Jpa^iuv,  'the  arm,'|
and oyKos, 'a swelling.'  A tumour of the arm.
  BRA'CHI0-RA'DIAL,/;cac/iiV>-r«rf,v,7i«. That''
which belongs to the bracbium and radius.  This
name has been  applied  to  the external lateral
ligament of the elbow-joint, because it is attached
to the humerus and to the radius.  See Supinator
radii lonirus.
  BRACHIORRIIEU'MA,  Rheumatis'mus bra'-
chii, from (ipaxaov, "the arm,' and pivyia. 'deflux-
ion, rheumatism.' Rheumatism of the arm.
  BRACHIOT'OMY, Brachiotom'ia, from  (ipa-
X'w, 'arm,' and ropy, 'incision.'  Amputation of
the arm.
   BRACHIROLUM, Truss.
   BRA'CHIUM, Brn'chion, Lacer'tus, (F.) Bras,
'the arm.' The arm from the shoulder to the wrist,
or the part between the shoulder and elbow.  See
Humeri Os.
   Bra'ciiium  Ante'rius.   A  rounded  process,
which passes  from the anterior pair of the cor-
pora  quadrigemina  (nates)  obliquely  outwards
into the thalamus opticus.
   Brachium Movens Qiiartus, Latissimus dorsi.
   Brv'chium  Poste'rius.   A rounded process,
wliich passes  from the posterior pair of the qua-
drigemina (testes) obliquely outwards  into  the
optic thalamus.
   BRACIIUNA, Nymphomania,  Satyriasis.
   BRACIIYAU'OHEN, from /fyi^s, 'short,'and
avxnv, 'neck.'  One who has a short neck.
   BRACHYCEPH'AL.E (Gcntes), 'short heads,'
from  ffpaxvs, 'short,'  and KeipaXn,  'head.'  In the
classification of  Retzius,  those nations of men
whose cerebral lobes do not completely cover the
cerebellum—as  the Sclavonians, Fins, Persians,
Turks, Tartars,  Ac.
   BRACHYCHRON'IUS, from  PpaXvs, 'short,'
and xp"v°s> 'time.'  That which continues  but a
short time.   A  term  applied to  diseases which
are of short duration.—Galen.
   BR.U'IIYGNA'THUS, from Ppaxvs, 'short,'
and yrados,  'the under jaw.'  A monster with too
short an under jaw.—Gurlt.
   BRACHYNSIS, Abbreviation.
   BRACHYPNlEA, Dyspnoea.
   BRACHYP'OTI,  from  PpaXvs,  'short,'  and
kotiis, 'drinker.'  They who  drink  little, or who
drink rarely.  Hippocrates, Galen. Foesius.
   BRACIIYRHYN'CIIUS.  from  0paXos, 'short,'
and pvyx«s,  'snout.'   A monster with too short a
nose.
   BRAOHYSMOS, Abbreviation.
   BRACING. Corroborant.
   BRACKEN, Ptcris aquilina.
   BRADY.ESTIIE'SIA,  from foaSvs, 'difficult,'
and aioOtro-ts, 'sensation.'  Impaired sensation.
   BRADYBOLISMUS, Bradyspermatismus.
   BRADYECOIA, Deafness.
   BRADYLOG'TA, Dyshl lia ; from (Spatus, 'diffi-
cult,'and Xoyos, 'a discourse.' Difficulty of speech.
   BRADYMASE'SIS,  Brady masse'sis, impro-
perly  Rradymaste'sis,  Mainluca'tio  diffic"ilis,
from  Ppatvs,  'difficult,'  and unanais,  'mastica-
tion.'  Difficult ina>ticati<»n.   See Dysmasesis.
   BRADYMASTESIS. Bradymasesis.
   BRADYPEP'SIA, Tarda cibo'rum  concoc'tio,
from ffoatvs, 'slow.' and rrcnrur, 'I digest.'  Slow
diirestion.—Galen.  See Dyspepsia.
  BRA DYSPEKMATIS'MES,  Rrndybolis'mus,
Ejaeuln'tio sem'inis  impedi'ta, Dyspermatis'mns,
from lipa^os, 'slow,' and areppa, 's.perm.' A slow
emission of  sperm.
  BRADYSU'RIA,  Tcnes'mus tvslca, (F.)  Ti-
nesme visical, from Ppaivs, ' difficult,' and ovpetv,
'to pass  the  urine.'  Painful evacuation of the
urine, with perpetual desire to void it.  Dysuria.
  BRADYTOCIA, Dystocia.
  BRAG'GET, Braggart,  Bragwori.  A  name
formerly  applied to a tisan of honey and water,
See Hydromeli.
  BRAI LIQUIDE, see Pinus  sylvestris — b.
Sec, Colnphonia.
  BRAIN, Cerebrum—b. Fag, see Nervous dia-
thesis.
  Bkain,Little, Cerebellum.
  Brain Pan, Cranium—b.Sand, see Pineal gland.
  BRAINE,  MINERAL WATERS OF.  Braine
is a small  village, three leagues  from  Soissons,
France, which  has purgative waters  similar to
those of  Passy.
  BRAIRETTE,  Primula veris.
  BRAKE, COMMON, Pteris Aquilina—b. Rock,
Polypodium vulgare, Polypodium incanum.
   Brake Root, Polypodium  vulgare.
   BRAKING,  Vomiting, Vomiturition.
  BRAMBLE, AMERICAN  HAIRY, see Rubus
fruticosus—b. Common, Rubus  fruticosus.
  BRAMELE-BERRIES, see Rubus fruticosus.
   BRAN, Furfur.
   BRANC-URSINE  BATARDE, Heracleum
spondylium.
   BRANCA  GERMANICA,  Heracleum spondy-
lium— b.  Ursina,  Acanthus  mollis — b. Vera,
Acanthus mollis.
   BRANCH, from (F.) Branche, originally, pro-
bably, from Ppaxaov, 'an arm,' [?] because branches
of trees, Ac, go off like arms.   A term applied,
generally, to the principal division  of  an  artery
or nerve.  The word is commonly used synony-
mously with Ramus ; but often, with the French,
Blanche  signifies the great division ;—Rameau,
La.t. Ramus, the division of the  branches ;  and
Ranruscttles,  Lat.  Ramtisculi, the  divisions  of
these last.
   The French, also, speak of the branches of the
pubis for the Rami of that bone, branches of the
ischium for the rami of the ischium, Ac.
  BRANCHES DE LA MOELLE  ALLON-
GEE (PETITES), Corpora  restiformia,
   BRANCHI, Brancha.  Swellings of the ton-
sils, or parotid, according to some;—of the thy-
roid gland, according to others.
   BRAN'CHIA, (Gr.)  Upayxta.  The gills or re-
spiratory organs of fishes,  corresponding  to the
lungs of terrestrial animals.
   BRANCHES, jipayxos, Rauce'do.  A catarrhal
affection of the mucous membrane of the fauces,
trachea,  Ac—Galen.  Hoarseness.
   BRANCI,  Cynanehe tonsillaris.
   BRANCIA, Vitrum.
   BRANDWINE, Brandy.
   BRANDY,  (G.)  Branntwein,   Dutch,
Brandwijn, 'burnt wine,'  (Old Eng.)  Brand-
wine.   Vinum adus'tum  seu crema'tnm,  Aqua
Vita,  (F.) Spir'itus vini  Gallic!, (Ph.  U.  S.)
Spir'itus Gall icus, Eau de vie, (S.)  Aguardiente.
The first liquid product obtained by distilling
wine.  It is composed  of water, alcohol, and an
aromatic oily matter, which gives it its flavour.
Brandy is  a powerful  and diffusible  stimulant,
and as such  is used in medicine.  It has been
also called Liquor Aquile'gius.   See Spirit.
   Brandy, Apple, see Pyrus malus—b. Egg, see
Ovum.
   Brandy-Bottles, see Nymphaea lutea.
   Brandy-Face. Gutta rosea.
  BRANKS. Cynanehe parotidaea.
  BRANKURSINE, Acanthus  mollis.
   BRANNTWEIN, Brandy.
   Bl'.AS.  See Oryza.
  BRAS, Brachium—b. du Cervelet, Corpora res- 
BRASDOR'S  OPERATION     14
0
BREGMA
  BRASDOR'S  OPERATION  FOR  ANEU-
RISM.  An operation  by ligature, proposed by
Brasdor, which consists in the application of the
ligature on the distal side of the tumour.
  BRASEGUR, MINERAL  WATERS OF.
Braslgur is a place  in the  diocese of  Rhodez,
where there are cathartic waters.
  BRASENIA, B. Hydropeltis.
  Brase'nia Hydropel'tis,  Brase'nia, B. Pel-
ta'ta, Hydropel'tis purpu'rea, Gelatina aqualica,
Frogleaf. Little Water  Lily,  Water Jelly, Water
shield,  Water  target, DeerJ'ood.  An  indigenous
plant, Nat. Ord. Ranunculaceae,  Sex. Syst. Poly-
andria  Polygynia, flourishing from Kentucky to
Carolina and Florida;  and covering  the surface
of ponds, marshes, Ac  The fresh  leaves are
mucilaginous,  and  have been used  in pulmonary
complaints, dysentery,  Ac, like Cetraria.
  Brasenia Peltata,  B. Hydropeltis.
  BRASH,  (Sc),  of uncertain  etymology.  A
transient attack of sickness.  A bodily indispo-
sition.—Jamieson.  A  rash or eruption. (Prov.
West of England.)
  Brash, Water, Pyrosis,
  Brash,  Weaning,  (Sc.)   Speaning brash,
Atroph'ia Ablactato'rum.  A severe  form  of
diarrhoea, which supervenes at times on weaning.
The Maladie de Cruveilhier appears to be a simi-
lar  affection.
  BRASTLETTO, see Caesalpinia.
  BRASIUM, Malt.
  BRASMOS, Fermentation.
  BRASS, Sax. bpap, Welsh, prSs.   Aurichal-
cum, properly, Orichalcum, ('mountain brass,'
from  opo;, 'a mountain,' and xa^K0S>  'brass.')
Chrysochalcos, Chalcos, Esecavum, (F.) Airain.
A yellow metal, formed  by mixing copper with
calamine.  The same general remarks apply to it
as to copper.  See Cuprum,
  BRAS'SICA,  Crambe,  B.olera'cea  seu eapita'-
ta seu cuma'na  of the old Romans.  The  Cab-
bage, (F.) Chou potager.  Order,  Cruciferae.  Sex.
Syst.  Tetradynamia Siliquosa.   Cato  wrote  a
book on  its virtues.  It is  a vegetable by  no
means  easy of digestion when boiled; when raw,
it appears to be more digestible.  When forming
a solid globular mass, like a head, it is the  B.
Capita'ta, (F.) Chou-Cubus, Chou Pommi.
  Brassica  Canina, Mercurialis  perennis — b.
Capitata, Brassica—b.  Curuana, Brassica.
  Bras'sica Eru'ca, B. his'pida, Eru'ca, E.fce'-
tida seu  sati'va, Sina'pis eru'ca,  Sisym'brium
emeus'tr urn,   Garden  Rocket,  Roman  Rocket,
Shinlock, Ac,  (F.) Chou  Roquette,  Roquette.
This was considered by the Romans  an  aphrodi-
siac.— Columella.  The  seeds  were ordinarily
used.
  Bras'sica Flor'ida, — Bras'sica  Pompeia'na
of the ancients—the Cauliflower, Caulis Flor'ida,
(F.) Chou-fieur, is a more tender and digestible
variety.
  The  Broc'eoli, B. Sabellica of the Romans, B.
Italica, belongs to this variety.
  Brassica Hispida.  B. eruca — b.  Italica,  B.
Florida—b. Marina, Convolvulus soldanella.
  Bras'sica Napus, Napus  Sylvestris, Bu'nias,
Rape,  (F.) Navette.  The seed yields a  quantity
of oil.
  Brassica Nigra, Sinapis nigra—b. Oblonga,
B. rapa — b. Oleracea,  Brassica—b.  Pompeiana,
B. Florida.
  Bras'sica Rapa, Rapa rotmlda seu  oblon'ga
seu  napus,  Rapum majits,  Sina'pis tubero'sa,
Turnip, (F.)  Chou navet, Navet, Rave.   The tur-
nip is liable to the  same objection (but to a less
extent) as the cabbage.
  Brassica Sabellica, B. Florida.
  BRATHU, Juniperus sabina.
  BRATHYS, Juniperus sabina.
  BRAWLINS, Arbutus  uva  ursi,  Vaccinium
vitis idaea.
  BRAWN. Muscle.
  BRA YER, Truss.
  BRAYERA ANTHELMINTIC.^  Hagenia
Abyssinica.
  BRAZIL  WOOD,  Caesalpinia echinata.
  BREAD, see Triticum.
  Bread, Gluten.   Bread made of wheat dough
deprived of the chief portion of its starch by
washing.  Bread, made of  gluten only, cannot
be eaten, on account of its hardness and tough-
ness; hence one-fifth of the normal quantity of
starch is allowed to remain, and in this  form the
bread is  said  to be  tolerably  light, eatable, and
moderately agreeable.
  Bread, Household, Syncomistos.
  BREADBERRY, Pap.
  BREAD-FRUIT TREE, Artocarpus.
  BREAKBONE FEVER,  Dengue.
  BREAST, Thorax, Mamma—b. Abscess of the,
Mastodynia apostematosa — b. Pigeon,  see Lor-
dosis.
  BREAST-GLASS, Milk-glass.  A glass applied
to the nipple to receive the milk when secreted
copiously by the mamma.
  Breast, Irritable, Neuralgia mammae.
  BREAST-PANG,   SUFFOCATIVE,  Angina
pectoris.
  BREAST-PUMP,  Antlia Lactea.
  BREASTWEED, Saururus cernuus.
  BREATH,  Sax.  bna«e,  (Old  Eng.) Aande,
and Anele, Halitus,  Anhelitus, Arlimus,  Spir'-
itus, Almos, (F.) Haleine.  The air expelled from
the chest at each expiration.  It requires to be
studied in the diagnosis of thoracic diseases espe-
cially.   See Respiration.
  Breath,  Offens'ive, Fcetor Oris, Catostoma-
tosphre'sia, Halitus oris foe'tidus, Oze. An offen-
sive condition, which is usually dependent upon
carious teeth,  or some faulty state of the  secre-
tions of the air passages.  The  internal use of the
chlorides may be advantageous.
  Breath, Saturnine, see Saturnine—b.  Short,
Dyspnoea.
  BREATHING AIR, see Respiration.
  Breathing, Difficulty of, Dyspnoea
  BRECHET, (F.)  The Brisket.  This name is
given in some parts  of France to the  cartilago
ensiformis, and sometimes to the sternum itself.
  BRECHMA, Bregma.
  BRECHMUS, Bregma.
  BREDISSURE (F.),  Trismus  Capistr-a'tus.
Incapacity of opening the mouth, in consequence
of  preternatural adhesion between the internal
part of the cheek and gums; often occasioned by
the abuse of mercury.
  BREDOU1LLEMENT (F.), TiUtban'tia. A
precipitate and indistinct mode of utterance, in
which  a  part only of the words  is pronounced,
and several of the syllables viciously changed.
This defect is analogous to stuttering, but differs
from it in being dependent on  too great rapidity
of speech; whilst  stuttering is characterized by
continual hesitation, and  frequent repetition of
the same S3'llables.
  BREE, Supercilium.
  BREED, Race.
  BREEDING, Generation, Pregnant
.  B?EEDIJN<£ Cross-  The act of rinsing or breed-
ing from different stocks or families
  Breeding-in-and-in.  The  act  of  raising or
breeding from the  same stock  or family
  BREELLS, Spectacles.            *'
  BREGMA,Brechma, Brechmus, from Bpeyttv,
'to sprinkle;' Fontanel'la, Sin'ciput.   The ton
of the  head was thus called,  because it was be-
lieved to be humid in infants; and, according to 
BREGMATODYMIA         141                BROMINE
some, because it was conceived to correspond to
the most humid part of the brain.
  BREGMATODYMIA, see Cephalodymia.
  BRENNINO. Burning.
  BREP1IO<TT)NON, Conyza squarrosa.
  B\{El>\Wi:\Wl>iiE'im,Ecthetobrephotrophe'-
vm, from Bpe(],os, 'a new-born child,' and rpefetv,
'to nourish.'  A foundling hospital.
  BRESILLET, desalpina sappan.
  BRE'YIA YASA,  Short.  Vessels.  This name
has been given to several branches of the splenic
arteries and veins, which are distributed to the
great eul-desac. of  the stomach.
   BREYIS CUBITI, see Anconeus.
   BRICK,  (F.) Briqne.  Hot bricks  are some-
times used to apply heat to a part, as to the ab-
domen  in colic, or after the operation  for  popli-
teal aneurism :  or, reduced to very fine powder,
and mixed with fat, as an application to herpetic
and psoric affections.
   Bukks, Forna'cea Testa  or  Tiles were  for-
merly bruised in vinegar, and  the liquid was used
as  a specific  in cutaneous affections.   They en-
tered, also, into a cerate used  for scrofulous hu-
mours, Ac.  To the  Terra Forna'cum, or Brick
 earth, the  same virtues were assigned.
   BRTCKLIKE SEDIMENT, see Lateritious.
   BRIOUMUM, Artemisia.
   BRIDE (F.), 'a  bridle.'   Fra'nulum, Reti-
 nnc'ubttn.   This term is  given, in the plural, to
 membranous  filaments,  which are found within
 abscesses or deep-seated wounds, and which pre-
 vent the exit of pus.   The term is, also, applied
 to preternatural adhesions, which  occur in cica-
 trices of the skin,  in the urethra, or in inflamed
 serous or synovial  membranes.
   BRIEF,"Rife.
   BRIEH. WILD, Rosa Canina.
   BRIGIITS DISEASE OP THE  KIDNEY,
 see Kidney, Bright's disease of the.
   BRIGHTON, CLIMATE OP.   The  air of this
 fashionable watering-place, on tbe south coast of
 England,  is dry,  elastic, and bracing.  Its cli-
 mate  appears to the  greatest advantage in the
 autumn and early part of the winter;  when it is
 somewhat milder and more steady than  that of
 Hastings.   Accordingly, it  is  adapted for  all
 cases in which a dry and mild air at this season
 of  the  year proves  beneficial.   In the  spring
 months, owing  to  the prevalence of, and its ex-
 posure to, north-east winds, the  climate  is cold,
 harsh, and exciting  to the  delicate.   It is well
 adapted for convalescents, and for all who require
 a dry and bracing sea air.
   BRIMSTONE, Sulphur.
   BRINE. Muria.
   BRINTON ROOT, Leptandria purpurea.
   BRION. Corallina.
   BR 10 IE, Brick.
   DRIQUEBEO,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.
 This  town is three leagues from  Cherbourg,  in
 France.   The water contains chloride of iron.
   BR/QUETE, Lateritious.
   BRISE-COQUE (F.), from briser,  'to break
 to pieces.' and  coqne, ' a shell.'   An  instrument
 designed  by Heurteloup for breaking to pieces
 the shell of a vesical calculus, after it has been
 hollowed by his mandrin d virgnle.
   BR1SE-PIERRE ARTICULE  (F.),  from
 hriser, "to break to pieces, and pierre, 'a stone.'
 An instrument invented by Jacobson  for crush-
 ing the stone in the hladder.
   BRISTOL HOT WELL, Bristolien'sis Aqua.
 Bristol is  about  thirteen miles  from Bath, in
 England.   The water is an almost pure thermal;
 sli"htly  acidulated.   It  contains chlorides  of
 magnesium and sodium, sulphate of  soda, sul-
 phate  of lime,  carbonate of  lime, carbonic acid,
oxygen and azote.  Temperature, 74° Fah. The
Hot  Well has been long celebrated.  Its  action
is  like that of thermal waters in general.  The
climate  of Bristol is mild, and hence the Water
has been celebrated for the cure of incipient pul-
monary consumption.  See Clifton.
  BRiZOCERAS, Ergot.
  BROAD, Sax. bpar>, Latus, (F.) Large.  Any
body is  so termed whose  transverse extent  is
considerable  compared  with  its  length.  The
Broad Rones, such as the frontal, parietal, occi-
pital, iliac, aid in forming the parietes of splanch-
nic  cavities.   Broad Muscles generally  occupy
the  parietes  of cavities, and especially those  of
the  chest and abdomen.   The epithet has also
been applied  to other parts—as to the broad liga-
ments of the  womb, Ac.
   BROCCOLI, Brassica sabellica.
   BROCHOS, Bpoxos, La'queus.  A bandage.
   BROCHT, Vomiting.
   BROCH'TIIUS,  BPoX$os, Gula.  The  throat.
Also, a kind  of small drinking vessel.—Hipp.
   BROCHUS, Bpoxos- This  name has been  given
to  one who  has  a very prominent  upper lip.
According to others it means one whose  teeth
project in front of the mouth.
   BRO'DIUM.  A synonym of Jus or Jus'culum.
Broth, or the liquor in which any thing is boiled.
Bro'dium salis—a decoction of salt.
   BROTEMENT, see  Cataract, Laceration —b.
de la Pierre, Lithotrity.
   BROKELEAK, Ruinex hydrolapathum.
   BROKEN DOSES, see Doses, broken.
   BROKEN-WINDEDNESS, Asthma.
   BROMA, Aliment, Bromine.
   BROMATOECCRISIS, Lientery.
   BROMATOG'RAPHY, Brornatograph'ia, Pro-
mog'raphy, Bromograpllia, from  ppvna,  'food,'
and ypaipn, 'a description.'   A description of ali-
ments.
   BROMATOL'OGY, Bromatoloef'ia, Sitiology,
from Bporpn,  'food,' and  Xoyos, 'a  discourse.'   A
treatise  on food.
   BROME, Bromine.
   BROMEORASS, Bromus  ciliatus —b. Soft,
Bromus ciliatus.
   BROME'LIA  ANA'NAS,  called  after  Olaus
Bromel, a Swede.   Car'duus  Braxilitluns, Ami-
nos ova'ta seu nculea'ta,  Anns'sn, Cnpn-Isink'kn,
Ana'nas or  Pine Apple,  Sour-sop.   Order; Bro-
meliaceae.  A West India tree, which produces
the most delicious of fruits.
   Brome'lia Pino tin, Ana'nas America'na, Pin-
guin, Broad-leaved wild Ana'nas, Ac.  The West
India plant,  which affords the Pinguin fruit. The
fruit is refrigerant, and  the juice, when ripe, very
austere.  It  is used to acidulate punch.  A wine
is  made from the Pinguin, which is very intoxi-
 cating, and has a good flavour.
   BROMIC, Bro'miens; same etymon  as Bro-
 mine.   Containing bromine.
   BROMIDE OF IRON,  see Bromine —b.  of
 Mercury, see  Bromine — b.  of  Potassium,  see
 Bromine.
   BROMIDRO'SIS, from  Bptapos, 'stench,' and
 'tSpors, 'sweat.'   Offensive sweat.
   BROMINE, Bro'miuum  (Ph. U. S., 18-12). Bro-
 min'ium (1851),  Broma, Bromin'emn. Bro'iniitrn,
 Bro'mina, Bromum, Mu'rina,  Mnride,   Brome.
 A simple body, of a very volatile nature, and
 highly  offensive and suffocating  odour,  whence
 its name, from Bpuriios, 'a stench.'  It is met with
 chiefly  in sea-water, and  in many animal and
 vegetable bodies that live  therein.   It has like-
 wise been found in many  mineral waters of this
 and other countries.  In its chemical relations,
 it may  be placed  between chlorine and iodine.
 With oxygen it forms an  acid—the Bromic, and
 with hydrogen another—the Hydrobromic. 
BRONCHITIS
BROMIUM                1
  Pure Bromine; Bromide of Iron, Ferri Bro'-
niidum, Ferrum broma'tiim, (F.) Bromure de Per,
in solution, Hydrobromate of Iron,  Ferri hydro-
br-o'mas, Ferrum hydrobro'micum oxyda'turn,(dose,
gr. i or ij,); and Bromide of Pot,\ssium, Potas'sii
bro'midttm, (F.) Bromure dc potassium, have  been
used  medicinally, and  chiefly in scrofulosis —
internally, as  well as applied externally.   Bro-
mine  may be dissolved in forty parts of distilled
water, and six drops be commenced with  as  a
dose.  Bromides of Mercury (Hydrar'gyri Bro'-
mida, (F.) Brorntires de Mercttre), have been given
in syphilis.  The protobromii/e and the bibromide
are  analogous in composition and medicinal pro-
perties to  the corresponding iodides of mercury.
  Chloride  of  Bromine, Rromin'ii chlo'ridum
—made  by passing chlorine through bromine, and
condensing the resulting vapours by cold, has been
prescribed internally, as well  as externally, in
cancer;  but chiefly in the  latter mode, in  the
form of a caustic paste, either alone or with other
chlorides—as those of zinc, antimony, and gold.
  BROMIUM, Bromine.
  BROMOGRAPHY, Bromatography.
  BROMOS,  ffptapos.  One of the cerealia,  sup-
posed, by  some, to be oats.  See Avena.
  BROMOSUS,  Fetid.
  BROMUM, Bromine.
  BROMURE DE  PER, see Bromine — b. de
Mercure,  see  Bromine — b. tie Potassium,  see
Bromine.
  BROMUS  CILIA'TUS,  B.  purgans, Brome
grass; indigenous: Order, Gramineae ;  is said to
be emetic, and  anthelmintic [?], cathartic and
diuretic   It purges cattle.
  Bromus Glaber, Triticum repens.
  Bromus Mollis, Soft Brome Grass.  The seeds
are said  to cause  giddiness in man, and  to be
fatal to poultry.
  Bromus Purgans, B. ciliatus—b. Temulentus,
Lolium temulentum.
  BRONCHARCTIA, Bronchiostenosis.
  BRONCHECTASIS,  Bronchia,  dilatation of
the.
  BRONCHES,  Bronchia—b. Ganglions  lym-
phatiques des, Bronchial  glands.
  BRONCHI, Bronchia.
  BRON'CHIA, Bron'chia, Bronchi, from  Bpoy-
X«s,   'the  throat.'   The Latins  used  the  term
Bronchus  for  the  whole  of the trachea;  whilst
they called its ramifications Bronchia.  Bronchia,
Bronchia, and Bronchi, (F.) Rronches, now mean
the two  tubes,  with  their  ramifications, which
arise  from the bifurcation  of  the  trachea, and
carry air  into the lungs—Can'nula pulmo'num,
Syrin'ges  seu  Cana'les aerifi'eri.
  Bronchia, Dilatation of the, Dilated Bron-
chia,  Bronchec'tasis, Bronchiec'tasis,  Dilatatio
bronchia'rum.  The physical signs of this condi-
tion are the following: Percussion usually clear,
but not unfrequently less so than natural, although
very seldom quite dull.  A uscultation detects coarse
mucous or gurgling  rhonchi,  increased by the
cough, combined with, or replaced  by, bronchial
or cavernous respiration, which is often  effected
as if  by a sudden puff or whiff.  The resonance
of the voice is increased, but it seldom amounts
to perfect pectoriloquy.  The most common situa-
tions  for dilated  bronchia are the scapular, mam-
mary, or lateral regions.  They are almost always
confined to one side.
  Bronchia,  Obliteration or Compression of
the.  The inspiratory  murmur on  auscultation
is weaker or  wholly  suppressed  over  a limited
portion  of the chest; the expiration is generally
more distinct and prolonged:  all the other con-
ditions are natural.
  BRONCHUS, see Bronchia.
  BRON'CHTAL, Bronchic, Bronchia'lis, Bron'-
chicus, (F.)  Bronchial, Bronchique.  That which
relates to the bronchia.
  Bronchial Arteries, (F.) Arteres Rronchiqttes,
These are generally two in number, one going to
each lung.  They arise from the thoracic aorta,
and  accompany the bronchia  in all their ramifi-
cations.
  Bronchial  Cells,  (F.)  Cellules bronchr'qnes.
The  Air-cells;  the terminations of the bronchia.
  Bronchial Cough,  (F.)  Toux bronchique,  T.
tuba ire.   This  generally accompanies bronchial
respiration.   They both indicate  obstruction  to
the entrance of air into the air-cells.
  Bronchial   Glands,  Glan'du/a Vesalia'na,
Glands  of  Vcsa'lius,   (F.) Glandes bronchiqutx,
Ganglions lymphatiques des branches, are nume-
rous  glands  of an ovoid shape; of a reddish hue
in the infant, and subsequently brown and black,
seated in the course of the bronchia. Their func-
tions are unknown.  The  bronchial glands  may
be presumed to be affected by scrofulosis, when,
in addition  to  the existence of tumours  in the
neck, percussion gives a dull sound under the
upper and central part of  the sternum, whilst
there is no appreciable lesion of the lungs.
  Bronchial  Nerves, (F.) Nerfis  bronchiques,
are furnished by the two pulmonary plexuses.
  Bronchial Phthisis, see Phthisis bronchial—
b. Respiration,  see Murmur, respiratory.
  Bronchial Veins arise from the last divisions
of the  arteries  of the  same name,  and pass, on
the right side, into the vena azygos; on the left,
into  the superior intercostal.
  BRONCHIC, Bronchial.
  BRONCHIECTASIS,  Bronchia,  dilatation of
the.
  BRONCHIITIS, Bronchitis.
  BRON'CHIOLE, Bronchiolum,  Bronchiolus;
diminutive of Bronchium or Bronchus.  A  minute
bronchial tube.
  BRONCHOPNEUMONIA, Bronchopneumo-
nia.
  BRONCIIIOSTENO'SIS, Bronchiurc'tia, from
Bpoyxos, 'a bronchus,' and arevurats,  'contraction.'
Contraction  or narrowness of the bronchi.
  BRONCHITE CONVULSIVE,  Pertussis-6.
Pseudomembraneuse, Polypus bronchialis.
  BRONCHI'TIS,  Bronchi I tis, Inflamma'tio
bronchio'rttm,  Catar'rhtts  Pulmo'num seu bron-
chia'rum,  Pleurltis  hu'mitla   seu  bronchia'lis,
Bronchos'tasis,  Angina bronchia'Us, Pulmonary
Cat(irrh,  (F.) Inflammation ties  Branches.  In-
flammation of the lining membrane of the bron-
chial tubes.   This is always more or less present
in cases of pulmonary catarrh ; and is accompa-
nied  by cough, mucous expectoration, dyspnoea,
and  more or less  uneasiness in breathing.  The
acute form is  accompanied with all the signs of
internal inflammation, and requires the employ-
ment of antiphlogistics followed  by revulsives.
The  chronic  form, Tussis senilis, Catar'rhtts seni-
lis, Rheuma catarrha'le, Peripneumo'nia  uotha,
Bronchorrhce'a acu'ta, Winter Cough,  Chronic
Catarrh, may be confounded with phthisis; from
which  it  must be distinguished mainly  by the
absence of hectic fever and of the physical signs
that  are characteristic of the  latter, as well  as
by the nature of the  expectoration, which is ge-
nerally mucous, although at times muco-purnlent.
When the expectoration is little or none, the bron-
chitis is said to be  dry, dry catarrh,  (F.) Catamite
Sec.
  When bronchitis affects the smaller tubes, it is
termed capillary bronchitis, bronchitis cttpilla'-
ris, bronchoc'ace infantilis [?], and is often fatal
to children.    Vesic'ular bronchitis is the term
proposed  by MM. Rilliet and Barthez  for the
vesicular pneumonia of children. 
BRONCHIUS
14 3     BR UIT DE  CRAQ UEMENT
  Bronchitis,  Catarrh—b. Astbenica, Peripneu- |
monia  notha — b.  Capillary,  see Bronchitis — b.
Chronic, see Bronchitis — b. Crouposa, Polypus
bronchialis—b. Convulsiva, Pertussis—b. Exsu-
dativa,  Polypus bronchialis.
  Bronchitis,  Mkchan'ical.  Inflammation  of
the lining membrane of the air-tubes, induced  by
the inhalation of irritating particles.
  Bronchitis Membranacka, Polypus bronchia-
lis—b.  Plastic, Polypus bronchialis—b.  Pseudo-
membranous, Polypus  bronchialis — b. Summer,
Fever,  ha\—b. Vesicular, see Bronchitis.
  BRO N C111 IIS.  Sterno-thyroideus.
  BKONCHLEM.MITIS, Polypus bronchialis.
  BRONCHOCACE, Peripneumonia notha — b.
Infantilis, see Bronchitis.
  BKONCHO-CATARRHUS,  Catarrh.
  BRONCHOCE'EE, from Bpoyxos, 'a bronchus,'
and KtjXn, 'tumour.'  An inaccurate  name for  the
affection which is  called, also, Bo'chium, Botium,
Bociitm, Hernia gut'turis seu guttura'lis seu bron-
 chia'I is, Gitttur tu'midum seu globo'sum, Trache-
 lo/rliy'ma,  Thyroce'le,  Thyreoce'le,  Tracheocele,
 Tracheloee'le,  Thyremphrax'is,  Thyreoph rax' ia,
 Thyrophrax'ia, Thyreoilcus, Thyron'cns, Deiron'-
 ens, Derail cits, Gossuin, Go'tium, Exechebron' chits,
 Gongro'nn,  Struma,  Glans,  Tuber  gutturo'sum,
 Gutte'ria, Ac, the Derbyshire neck,  Swelled neck,
 Wen,  Goitre,  Ac, (F.)  Goitre, Gouetre, Hyper-
 trophic du  Corps Tliyroide, Grosse Gorge, Gros
 Cou.   This is  no rupture, but  consists of an  en-
 largement of the thyroid gland.   It  is common
 at  the base of lofty mountains in every part of
 the world; and has been supposed to be owing
 to  the drinking  of snow-water, but it  occurs
 where  there is no snow.  The tumour  is some-
 times  very extensive.   Iodine has great power
 over it, and will  generally  occasion  its absorp-
 tion, when the case has not been of such dura-
 tion as to have ended in a cartilaginous condition.
    BRONCIIOCEPHALITIS,  Pertussis.
    BRONCIIOPARALYSIS, Asthma.
    BRONCHOPHONY, Resonance—b. Pectorilo-
 quous. Pectoriloquy—b. Strong, Pectoriloquy.
    BRONCIIOPLAS'TIC. Bronchoplns'ticus, from
 Bpoyxos,  va bronchus,' and itXaaaur. ' I form.'  An
 epithet given to the operation for closing fistulae
 in the trachea ; Brorlchnplasty.
    BRONCHOPNEUMONIA,  Bron'chiopneu-
 mo'nia, from Bpoyxos, 'a bronchus,' and Pneumo-
 nia.   Inflammation of the bronchia and lungs.
    BRONCHORRHffi'A, (F.)  Bronchorrhie,  Cn-
  tarrhe pitttiteux,Phlegiuorrhogie pitlmonaire,Flux
  bronchique, from  Bpoyxos, 'bronchus,' and peur, 'I
  flow.'  An increased secretion of mucus from the
  air passages, accompanied or not by inflammation,
  — a gleet, as it were, of the  pulmonary mucous
  membrane.   When excessive, it may constitute
  Phthisis pituito'sn seu muco'sa, Myco-phthi'sis.
    Bronchorriicea Acuta, Bronchitis (chronic).
    BR0NC1I0STASIS, Bronchitis.
    BRONCHOTOME. Broncholomus, from 0poy-
  X«s,  and repvetv, 'to cut.'  A kind of lancet, with
  a  blunt and rounded point, mounted on  a handle,
  and fitted to a canula, which passes in along with
  it, and is allowed to remain in the opening made
  in tbe trachea.
    BltONCIIOT OMY. Bronchotom'ia, (F.) Bron-
  chotomie. Same etymology.  A surgical operation,
  which consists in  making an opening either into the
  trachea.  (Tracheal omy:) into  the larynx. (Laryn-
  golonn,.-) or into  both, ( Trachcn-laryngolomy.) to
  extract foreien bodies or to permit the passage of air
  to the lungs. These different parts are divided trans-
  versely or  vertically, according  to circumstances.
    BRONCHO-YESICELAR  RESPIRATION,
  see Respiration.            _
    BRONCHUS,  see Bronchia, Irachca.
    BROOKLIME, Veronica beccabunga.
  BROOM,  Sophora tinctoria, Spartium  scopa-
rium—b. Butcher's, Ruscus—b. Clover, Sophora
tinctoria—b. Indigo, Sophora tinctoria—b. Rape,
of Virginia, Orobanche Virginiana—b.  Spanish,
Spartium junceutn—b. Yellow, Sophora tinctoria.
  BROSSARDIERE,   MINERAL   WATERS
OF.   Brossardiere  is a  chateau  in Bas-Poitou,
France.  The waters contain carbonates of iron
and lime, chloride  of  sodium, and sulphate of
lime.   They are aperient.
  BROSSE, Brush.
  BROTH,  CHICKEN, see Chicken Broth.
  Broth, Vegetable.   Take two potatoes, a car-
rot, and an onion, all cut fine; boil  in a quart of
water for  an hour,  adding more water from time
to time, so as  to keep the original quantity :  fla-
vour with salt, and a small quantity of jrotherbs;
strain.  A little mushroom catchup  improves the
flavour.
   BROTHER, UTERINE, see Uterine.
   BROUILLARD, Caligo.
   BROUS'SAIST.  One who is a believer in, and
professor of, the physiological and pathological
opinions  of Broussais.  The system  itself was
called  Broussaism, or the Physiological Doc-
trine.
   BIvOW, Front—b. Ague, Neuralgia frontalis.
   BROWN RED, Colcothar.
   BROWNTAN, Rrowno'nian, Brunn'nian. Re-
lating to the system or  oninions of John Brown.
   BROWNISM,  Brtt'noitlrm,  Bruno'nianism.
The doctrines of Brown.
   BROWNIST,  Browno'nian,  Bruno'nian.   A
follower of  the system of Brown.
   BRU'CEA  ANTLDYSENTER'ICA.  Called
after Bruce, the Abyssinian traveller.   B. ferru-
gin'ea, Angustu'ra spu'ria,  (F.) Fausse Angus-
ture,  A. Ferrugineuse.   The systematic name of
the plant whence was obtained—it was supposed
—false Angustura or false  Cusparia  Bark.  It
is really the bark of Strychnos nux vomica.
   BRUCIA, Brucine.
   BRUCINE,  Bru'cia,  Bruci'na,  Bruclnum,
 Bru'cium,  Pseiidangnsturi'num,  Caniramlnum,
 Cnnirtlmium, Vom'icine, Angus'turine.  An orga-
 nic, salifiable base, discovered in the false angus-
 tura—Brucea nnti-dysenter'ica, and obtained from
 Strychnos nux vnm'icn.  It is of a  pearly white;
 crystallizes in oblique prisms with a  parallelo-
 grammatic  base;  is very  bitter, slightly  acrid
 and styptic, and soluble in water, but more so in.
 alcohol.  Brucia is  a  less active poison than
 strychnia.  It resembles it, however, and may
 be used as a substitute for it and for the extract
 of nux vomica.  Dose, half a grain.
   BRUCKENAU,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.
 These  springs are in  Bavaria, and contain car-
 bonic acid and iron.
   BRUCOURT,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.
 Brucourt is three leagues and a half from Caen,
 in Normandy. The waters  contain  carbonic acid,
 chloride of sodium, and sulphate of  soda, much
 sulphate of lime, Ac.
   BRIIICK,  Furunculus.
   BRUISE,  Contusion.
   BRUISE-ROOT, Stylophorum diphyllum.
   BRUISEWORT. Bellis saponaria.
   BRUISSEMENT (F.),  Frem'itus.  This word
 has much the same signification as Bourdonnement,
 as well as Bruit.
   BRUIT (F.), 'sound.' A French term, applied
 to various  sounds  heard on percussion and aus-
 cultation, viz. :
   BRUIT DE CRAQUEMENT, B.de TiraiUe-
 ment. Bruit de cuir neufi, Cri de cut'r,  ' sound of
 crackling,  or bursting, or  of new leather.'  A
 sound produced by the friction of the pericar-
 dium,  when  dried  and roughened by inflamma-
 tion. 
BRUIT  DU  CCEUR  FQ3TAL   1
  BRUIT DU CCEUR FCETAL, Batternens dou-
bles, Double  bruit du, Coeur- du Foetus.   Tbe pul-
sations of the foetal  heart heard in auscultation
in the latter half of utero-gestation.
  BRUIT DE CUIR NEUF, Bruit de craque-
ment.
  BRUIT DE DIABLE, Ronfiement du Diable,
Bruit ele souffle d double courant,  'noise  of the
diable, or humming-top.'  I'enoii*  hum. A high
degree of Bruit de soujflet, heard on auscultating
the arteries or veins—probably the latter—of the
neck, in chlorosis.  It denotes an  impoverished
state of the blood.
  BR UITDO UBL E DU CCEUR DU FOETUS,
Bruit  du Cteitr festal — b.  dExpansion pulmo-
naire, see Murmur, respiratory—b. de  Frolement,
see  Frolement — b. de Froissement 2}ulmonair-e,
see  Froissement pulmonnire — b.  de Frolement
piricordique, see Frolement piricardique.
  BR UIT D E FR 0 TTEMENT ASCENDANT
ET DESCENDANT, 'sound of friction of ascent
and descent.'  Sounds produced by the rubbing of
the lung against the  parietes of the chest, as it
rises and falls during inspiration and expiration.
They are distinctly heard in pleuritis, when the
pleura has  become roughened  by the disease.
Friction   sounds,  Rubbing  sounds,   To-and-fro
Sounds are also heard in pericarditis and perito-
nitis.
  BRUIT  HUMORIQUE, B. Hydropneuma-
tique.  The  sound afforded  on percussion when
organs are filled with liquid and air.
  BRUIT  HYDROPNEUMATIQUE,  Bruit
humorique — b. de Jappement, see Sifftement mo-
duli—b.  de Lime d bois, see Bruit de Scie.
  BRUIT DE MOUCHE  (F.), 'fly sound.'   A
sound analogous to the Bruit de diable—so called
from its likeness to the buzzing of  a fly — heard
on auscultating the neck in chlorotic cases.
  BRUIT MUSCULAIRE.   The  sound accom-
panying the first sound of the heart, referred by
some  to  muscular  contraction.   Called, also,
Bruit  rotatoirc, in consequence of  its  having
been thought  to resemble the rumbling of dis-
tant wheels.
  BRUIT MUSICAL, Sifflement moduli.
  BRUIT DE  PARCHEMIN, 'parchment
tone.'  A sound as if produced by two sheets of
parchment applied to  each  other.   It is said to
be  produced  by thickening and rigidity  of the
valves of the heart.
  BRUIT DE PIAULEMENT,  see  Sifflement
moduli.
  BRUIT PLACENTAIRE, B. de souffle pla-
centaire  ou  utirin, Souffle ntirin OU placentaire,
Placental bellows' sound, Utero-placerltal mur-
mur, U'ferine murmur. The bellows' sound heard
on  auscultating over the site of the placenta in a
pregnant female.  It does  not appear to be ow-
ing to the placental  vessels; but to the uterine
tumour pressing upon the  large vessels of the
mother.
  BRUIT DE POT FELE, 'sound of a cracked
vessel.'  Cracked pot sound.  A sound heard on
percussion, when a cavern in  the lungs is filled
with air, and has a narrow outlet.   It is not diag-
nostic, however.
  BRUIT DE R ACL EM ENT, 'sound of ecrap-
ing.' A sound produced by  the scraping of hard,
solid membranes, as the pericardium, against each
other, very analogous to Bruit de craquement.
  BRUIT DE RAPE, 'sound of a rasp.'   A
sound heard during the contraction of either the
auricles or ventricles.  It is constant; and the
contraction of the cavity is more prolonged than
natural, and emits a hard, rough, and—as it were
- -stifled sound.
BRUSH
  It indicates contraction of the valvular orifices
by  cartilaginous deposits, or ossification, and is
better  heard near the apex of the heart,  if the
auriculo-ventricular  valves  be  concerned,—near
the base, if the semilunar valves be the seat of the
disease.
  BRUIT RESPIRATOIRE, Murmur,  respi-
ratory.
  BRUIT ROTATOIRE, Bruit musculaire.
  BRUIT DE SCIE, or 'saw sound,' and Burn
de lime A bois, or ' file sound,' resemble the limit
de Rape.                   v
  BRUIT DE SOUFFLE A DOUBLE COU-
RANT, Bruit de Diable.
  BRUIT DE SOUFFLET, Bruit de Souffle,
'bellows' sound,' ' blowing sound.'  A sound like
that of a bellows, heard occasionally by the  ear
applied to the chest during the contraction of the
ventricles,  auricles,  or large arteries.  It coexists
with affections of the heart, but is heard, also,
without any disease of that organ,—whenever,
indeed, an artery is compressed.  An Encephalic
bellows' sound, (F.) Bruit de  souffle  ecphalique,
has been described by Drs. Fisher and Whitney.
It is heard on applying the  ear to the occiput or
to the top of the head; and is considered to indi-
cate turgescence of  vessels,  or  inflammation.
When  such  turgescence exists, the  vessels  are
compressed,  and  the compression gives rise to
the sound in question. [?]
  BRUIT DE SOUFFLE CEPHALIQVE, see
Bruit  de  soufflet — b.  de  Souffle  placentitis,
Bruit placentaire — b.  de Souffle  utirin,  Bruit
placentaire—b. de  Tiraillement, Bruit de craque-
ment.
  BRUIT DE SO UP APE,  'valvular  or flap-
ping noise.'  A sound heard in respiration, when
a foreign body is  in the air  passages.   It some-
what resembles the flapping of a valve; hence its
French name.
  BRUIT  DE TAFFETAS,  'sound  of taf-
feta.'  ' Sarcenet sound.'  A respiratory sound,
so named, by M. Grisolle, from its resembling the
sound caused by the tearing of a piece of taffeta;
and which he considers to indicate hepatization of
the lung, limited to the  surface, in pneumonia.
  BRUIT TYMPANIQUE,  'tympanic sound.'
The clear  sound afforded by percussing the sto-
mach and intestines when containing air.
  BRUIT UTERTN, B. placentaire.
  BRUITS DU CIEUR, see Heart.
  BRUK, Furunculus.
  BRULURE, Burn.
  BRUNELLE, Prunella.
  BRUNNER'S GLANDS, Brunneri Glan'dulce,
G. Brunneria'na  seu solita'ria, Solitary glaiuh
or follicles, Second paricreas.  Compound muci-
parous follicles, seated between the mucous and
muscular  coats of the  stomach,  along  the two
curvatures of that organ, and in the duodenum;
so called from their discovery having been gene-
rally attributed to Brunner.   The  solitary intes-
tinal follicles are often  known, at  the  present
day, as the glands of Brunner, although Brunner
restricted the latter term to the glands of the
duodenum.
  BRUNONIAN, Brownian.
  BRUNONIANISM, Brownism.
  BRUNUS, Erysipelas.
  BRUSCUS, Ruscus.
  BRUSH, Scop'ula, (F.) Brosse. A well-known
instrument, used in medicine  chiefly for the fol-
lowing purposes:—1.  To clean the teeth.   2. To
remove the saw-dust which  adheres to the teeth
of the trephine, during the operation of trephin-
ing.  3. To rub the surface  of the body, for the
purpose of exciting the skin,  and favouring trans-
piration.   Westring, a  Swedish  physician, has
4 
BRUTA
145
BUBONOREXIS
recommended metallic  brushes for  the  purpose
of conveying galvanism to a part.  These brushes
consist of a plate  of  ebony fitted to another of
gold, in  which threads of  the same  metal are
fixed; — the  brush being connected with one of
the poles of the galvanic pile.
   Brush, Stomach, Excutia ventriculi.
   BRUTA, Juniperus sabina.
   BRU'TIA.  A sort of thick pitch, obtained from
Brutia, in Italy.  From Pix Brutia was obtained
the  O'leum Piclnum.
   Brutia, Instinct.
   BRETINO, Terebinthina.
   BRUTOLE. see Cerevisia.
   BRUXANELLI.   A Malabar tree, the  bark
and leaves of which have a strong smell, and are
astringent.   On the  coast  of Malabar, its juice,
mixed with butter, is applied to boils.  Its bark
is esteemed  to be diuretic, and  its roots anti-
 arthritic  v
   BR U YE RE VULGATRE,  Erica vulgaris.
   BRUYERES, MINERAL WATERS OF.
 Bruycres  is  a small village, 7£ leagues  from
 Luneville.  The waters are acidulous and chaly-
 beate.
   BRYCETOS, see Algidus.
   BRYCIIETH MOS, Rugitus.
   BRYCHETOS. see Algidus.
   BRYGMA,  Rrygmus,  Trisis, Prisis,  Prismus,
 Odontoprisis, Stridor Den'tium, (F.) Grincement
 des Dents.  Grinding of  the  teeth.  A  common
 symptom, in children, of gastric or other derange-
 ment, but often present when there  is no reason
 to suspect any.
   BRYONE, Bryonia — b. d'Amirique, Convol-
 vulus Mechoacan.
   BRYO'NIA AFRICA'NA,  African  Bry'ony,
 from  Bpvtir,  ' I bud forth.'   A  South  African
 plant, common amongst the  Hottentots, which,
 in the form  of decoction, acts simultaneously as
 an emetic, cathartic,  and diuretic   It is used by
 the natives  in cutaneous  diseases, dropsy, and
 syphilis.  The tincture is a powerful emetic and
 cathartic.—Thunberg.
   Bryo'nia  Alba,   White Bry'ony,  Vitis  alba
 sylves'tris,   Agros'tis,  Agriam'pelos,  Am'pelos
 a'gria,  Echetro'sis,  Bryo'nia as'pera  seu  Di-
 oi'ca, Cedros'tis,  Chelido'nium,  Labrus'ca, Me-
 lo'thrum,  Ophrostapllylon,  Psilo'thrum.    Ord.
 Cucurbitaceae. Sex. Syst. Monocia Monadelphia.
 (F.) Couleuvrie,  Vigne vierge, V blanche, Navet
 du diable ou galant.   The root is large and suc-
 culent, and has an acrid, bitter, and disagreeable
 taste.  It is  a drastic  cathartic  Externally, it
 has been applied, in  form of cataplasm, in  gout.
 When  repeatedly  washed, a  good starch is ob-
 tained from it.  The active  principle has  been
 separated from it, and called Bry'onine.
   Bryonia  Meciioacanna Nigricans, Convol-
 vulus jalapa — b. Nigra,  Tamus communis — b.
 Peruviana. Convolvulus jalapa.
   BRYONTNE. see Bryonia alba.
   BRYONY,  BLACK,  Tamus  communis—b.
 White, Bryonia alba—b. Wild, Sycios angulatus.
   BRYTLA, Marc of grapes.
   BRYTOLATURE, see Cerevisia.
   BRYTOLE. see Cerevisia.
   BRYTON. Cerevisia.
   BU, Bov, abbreviation of Bovs, 'an ox,' in com-
 position  expresses 'excess, greatness.'   Hence
 Bulimus, Ruphthalmia, Ac.
   BEBASTECORDIEM, Artemisia vulgaris.
   BUBE, Pustule.
   BUBO, BovBorv, Pano'chia,  Partus inguina'lis,
 Adenophy'mn  i?iguina'lis,  Bubonopa'nus,  Bubo-
 non'cus,  Bubon'cus,  Cambu'ca, Angus,  Boubon,
 Codoce'le, Codoscel'la, (F.) Bubon, Poulnin.  In
 the  works of Hippocrates  and Galen, this word
       10
sometimes signifies the groin—Tnguen ; at other?,
the inguinal glands; and at others, again, swell-
ing or inflammation of these parts.   The moderns
apply the term to an inflammatory tumour seated
in the  groin or axilla, and  they generally distin-
guish—1. Simple or  Sympathetic Bubo, which is
independent of any virus  in the  economy.   2.
 Venereal Bubo, (F.) Bubon  vinirien, which  is oc-
casioned by the venereal virus.  3. Pestilential
Bubo, or B. symptomatic of the Plague. The last
two have by  some been called malignant Bubo,
(F.) Bubon malin.
   Primary Bubo, (F.)  Bubon primitif, shows it-
self with the first symptoms of syphilis: the con-
secutive not till afterwards.
   HURON, Bubo, Inguen—b. Gummiferum, see
Ammoniac gum.
   BUBON D'EMBLEE (F.).   An enlargement
and suppuration of one or more of the inguinal
glands, not preceded by any other  of the more
common forms of venereal disease, nor by any
other syphilitic symptom.
   Bubon Gal'banum.  The systematic name of a
plant which has  been supposed to afford  galba-
num;  Meto'pion, Mato'rium.   The  plant is also
called Fer'ula Africa'na,  Oreoseli'num Africa'-
num, Ani'sum firutico'sum galbanrf erum seu Af-
rica'num frutes' certs, Seli'num Galbanum, Agasyl-
lis galbanum, The long-leaved or  lovage-lcaved
 Gal'banum.   Ord. Umbelliferae.   The  plant can
scarcely,however, be considered to be determined.
 By the Dublin College, it is  referred to Opoi'dia
 Galbanif era,  Ord.  Umbelliferae.   Galbanum is
 the gummi-resinous juice.  Its odour is fetid, and
 taste bitter and acrid: the  agglutinated tears are
 of a white  colour, on a ground of reddish-brown.
 It forms an emulsion when triturated with water,
 and is soluble in proof spirits of wine, and vine-
gar: sp. gr. T212.  It has  been given as an anti-
 spasmodic and expectorant, in pill  or emulsion.
 Dose, from gr. 10 to 60. Externally, it is applied
 as a cataplasm.
   Bubon galbanum is  a South African plant; and
 is reputed  to be an excellent diuretic, under the
 name of Wild Celery.   A decoction of the leaves
 is given in  dropsy and gravel.   According to
 Pappe, the resinous matter, which  exudes from
 the stem,  differs  in  appearance,  smell, and  in
 every respect, from Gummi Galbanum.
   Bubon Macedon'icum, Athaman'ta  Macedon'-
 ica, Pctroseli'num Macedon'icum, A'pium pefra'-
 um, Petrelpium, (F.) Persil de Maeedoine,  Mace-
 do'niarx  Parsley.  Its properties are  similar to
 those  of common parsley, but weaker and less
 grateful.   The seeds  are  an ingredient  in  the
 celebrated compounds, Mithridate and Theriac.
   BUBONA.  Nipple.
   BUBONALGIA, from BovBurv, 'the groin,' and
 aXyos, 'pain.'   Pain in the groin.
   BUBONCES. Bubo.
   BUBO'NIUM, Aster Alticns, Golden Starwort.
 A plant anciently supposed to be  efficacious in
 diseases of the groin, from  BovBiov, 'the groin.'
   BUBONOCE'LE, from /WW, 'the groin,' and
KriXn, ' tumour,' 'rupture.'    Her'nia inguina'lis,
 In'guinal Hernia, Rupture  of the  Groin.  (F.)
 Hernie inguinale.  Some surgeons have confined
 this term  to  hernia when  limited  to  the  groin,
and have called the  same  affection, when  it  has
 descended  to  the scrotum,  Oscheocele, Scrotal
Hernia.   The rupture passes through  the  abdo-
 minal ring: and, in consequence of the greater
 size of the opening in the male, it is more fre-
 quent in the male sex.
   BUBONONCUS. Bubo.
   BUBONOPANUS, Bubo.
   BUBONOREX'IS,  from BovBwv, 'the  groin,'
 and prints, 'a rupture.'  A name given to bubono-
 cele when  accompanied with a division of the pe- 
BUBONULUS             146           BULBOCODIUM
ritoneum, or when, in other words, it is devoid
of a sac.
  BUBON'ULUS, Bubun'eulus.   A diminutive
of Bubo.  A painful  swelling of the lymphatics
of the penis, extending along the dorsum of that
organ to the groin.  It is an occasional accom-
paniment of gonorrhoea.
  BUBUKLE.   A word used by Shakspeare for
a red pimple on the nose.
  BUBUNCULUS, Bubonulus.
  BUCAROS, Terra  Portugallica.
  BUCCA, Gnathos.  The mouth.   The  cheek ]
and  hollow of the cheek.  Also, the vulva.
  BUCCAC'RATON, from Bucca,  and Kpaor,  'I
mix.'  A morsel of bread  sopped in wine,  which
served of old  for a breakfast.—Linden.
  BUCCAL,  Bitcctllis, from Bucca, 'the mouth,'
or rather • the cheek.'  That which concerns the
mouth, and especially the  cheek.
  Buccal Artery, Artere Sus-maxillaire, (Ch.)
arises from the internal maxillary or from some
of its branches, as the Temporalis profunda an-
tica, or the Alveolar.  It distributes its branches
to the  buccinator muscle, and to the buccal mem-
brane.
   Buccal Glands, Molar Glands.  Mucous fol-
licles, seated in the buccal membrano, opposite the
molar  teeth.  They secrete a viscid humour, which
mixes  with the saliva, and lubricates the mouth.
   Buccal  Membrane,  (F.) Membrane Bnccale.
The mucous membrane, which lines the interior
of the mouth.
   Buccal  Nerve, Buccina'tor Nerve, Bnccola-
bial—(Ch.), is given  off by the inferior maxillary.
It sends its branches to the cheek, and especially
to the buccinator muscle.
   Buccal Vein follows the artery.
   BUC'CEA, Buccella.   The fleshy excrescence
of nasal polypus, so called because it was believed
to proceed from  the mouth.—Paracelsus.   Also,
a mouthful.
   BUCCELA'TON,  Buccela'tits.  A loaf-shaped
 cathartic medicine;  made chiefly  of scammony.
—Ae'tius, Paulus of iEgina.
   BUCCELLA, Bolus, Buccea.
   BUCCELLA'TIO. A mode of arresting hemor-
 rhage, by applying a pledget of lint to the bleed-
 ing vessel.—Avicenna, Fallopius.
   BUCCINA, Turbinated bones.
   BUCCINA'TOR,  from  buccinare,  'to  sound
 the trumpet.'  The  Buccina'tor Muscle, Retrac'-
 tor  An'gnli Oris, Bucco-Alviolo-maxillaire, Alvi-
 olo-lttbial—-(Ch.), Manso'rius,  is  situate  in  the
 substance of the cheeks.   It extends between  the
 posterior portions of the alveolar arches of  the
 two jaws and the commissure of the lips, which
 it draws backward.  It assists in mastication, by
 pushing the food back towards the teeth ; and,
 if the cheeks  be distended by air, its contrac-
 tion forces it out.
   BUCCO.  One who is blub-cheeked, or wide-
 mouthed.  In composition, the mouth.
   B UCCO-AL VEOL 0-MAXILLA IRE, Bucci-
 nator.
   BUCCO-LABIAL NERVE, Buccal nerve.
   BUCCO-PHARYNGE'AL,  Bucco-Pharynge'-
 tis, (F.) Bucco-Pharyntjien.  Belonging to  the
 mouth  and  pharynx.   The  Bucco-pharynge'al
 Aponeurosis or Intermax'illary Lig'ament,  ex-
 tends from the internal ala of the  pterygoid pro-
 cess to the  posterior part of the  lower  alveolar
 arch, and affords attachment, anteriorly, to the
 buccinator,  and, posteriorly,  to the constrictor
 pharyngis superior.
    BL'C'CULA,  from Bucca,  'the mouth.'   A
  small mouth.   The fleshy part beneath the chin.
 —Bartholine.
    BUCERAS,  Trigonella  foenum — b.  Fcenum
  Graecum, Trigonella foenum Graecum.
  BUCHU, Diosma crenata—b. Leaves, Diosinn
crenata.
  BUCKBEAN, Menyanthes trifoliata—b. Ame-
rican, Menvanthes verna.
  BUCK BERRY, Vaceinium stamineum.
  BUCKET FEVER, Dengue.
  BUCKEYE. ^Esculus hippocastanum.
  BUCKHO, Diosma crenata.
  BUCKTHORN, PURGING, Rhamnus.
  BECK I', Diosma crenata.
  BUCKWHEAT,  Polygonum fagopyrum — b.
Plant, eastern, Polygonum divaricatum.
  BUCNEMIA, see Elephantiasis — b. Tropica,
see Elephantiasis.
  BUCTON, Hymen.
  BUFF, INFLAMMATORY, Corium phlogis-
ticum.
  BUFFY COAT, Corium phlogisticum.
  BUG,  (BED,) Cimex.
  BUGANTIA, Chilblain.
  BUG'GERY,  Soilomy.  Sodom'ia, Co'itus  So.
domit'icits, (I.)  Bugarone.  Said to have been
introduced by the Bulgarians: hence the name.
A carnal copulation against nature, as of a man
or woman with any animal;  or of a man with a
man, or a man  unnaturally with a woman.  The
unnatural crime.
  BUGLE,  Prunella — b. Common, Ajuga rep-
tans—b.  Pyramidale, Ajuga—b. Rampante, Aju-
ga  reptans — b. Water, Lycopus Virginicus —b.
Weed, Lycopus.
  BUGLOSE, Anchusa officinalis.
  BUGLOSS, DYER'S, Anchusa tinctoria —b.
Garden,  Anchusa officinalis—b. Upright, Ajuga.
  BUGLOSSA,  Anchusa officinalis.
  BUGLOSSUM ANGUSTIFOLIUM MAJUS,
Anchusa officinalis—b. Latifolium, Borago offici-
nalis— b. Sativum, Anchusa officinalis — b. Syl-
vestris, Anchusa officinalis — b. Tinctorum, An-
chusa tinctoria — b. Verum,  Boracic acid — b,
Vulgare  majus,  Anchusa officinalis.
  B('GRANDE EPINEUSE, Ononis spinosa.
   BUGRANE,  Ononis  spinosa—b. des Champs,
Ononis arvenis.
   BUGULA, Ajuga — b. Chamaepitys, Teucrium
chamaepitys—b. Pyramidalis, Ajuga — b. Rep-
tans, Ajuga reptans.
   PUIS, Buxus.
   BUISARD, MINERAL WATERS OF.  Bui-
sard  is  two  leagues from  Chateau-Thierry, in
France.   The water contains chloride of calcium
and carbonate of lime.
   BULB, Bulbits,  (F.) Bulbe.  A  name, given
by .anatomists to different parts which resemble,
in shape, certain bulbous roots.  The Bulb of the
 Aorta is the great sinus of the Aorta.  Bulb of a
 Tooth ;  the vascular and nervous  papilla con-
 tained  in the cavity of a  tooth.  The Bulb or
 Root of the Hair is the part whence the hair
 originates.   The Bulb  of  the  Urethra is  the
 dilated  portion  formed by  the  commencement
 of the Corpus  spongiosum  towards the root of
 the penis.  We say, also, Bulb, for Globe, of the
 eye.
   Bulb of  the Eye, see Eye—b. of the Female,
 Bulbus  vestibuli — b.  Rachidian,  see Medulht
 oblongata.
   BULBE,  Bulb — b. Rachidien,  see Medulla
 oblongata—b. du Virgin, Bulbus  vestibuli—b, de
 la Voute d trot's Piliers, Mamillary tubercles.
   BULBI FORNICIS, Mamillary  tubercles-b.
 Priorum Crurum Fornicis, Mamillary tubercles.
   B U L B 0 C A S T A N E U M, Buuium bulbocas-
 tanum.
   BULBO-CA VERNEUN,  Accelerator urinae.
   BULBO-CAYEHNOSUS, Accelerator urinae-
 b. Si/ndesmo-carerneux, Accelerator  urinae — lr.
]  U'-ethrol, Accelerator urinae.
l!    BULBOCODIUM, Narcissus pscudonareissu;. 
BULBONACH
147
BURNT  HOLES
  BULBONACH, Lunaria rediviva.
  BULBUS, Bulb.
  Bulbus  Esculen'tus.  The Es'culent.  Bulb:
a particular kind, so denominated by tbe an-
cients.   It  is supposed  to have been  the  Cepa
Ascalon'ica.—Dioscorides, Celsus, Pliny, Ac.
  Bulbus  Glandulosus,   Proventriculus — b.
Medulbu spinalis, Medulla oblongata — b. Oculi,
see Eye — b. Olfactorius, see Olfactory  Nerves —
b. Pili, see  Hair—b. Rachidicus, see Medulla ob-
longata—b. Vagin;c, B.  vestibuli.
  Bulbus  Vestib'uli, B. Vagina, Plexus reti-
 form'is seu reticula'ris seu cavcrno'sus,  Crura
ditor'idis  inter'na, Bulb or  Semi-bulb  of the Fe-
male, (F.)  Bulbe  du  Vagin.  A close-packed
plexus of intricately anastomosing veins, inclosed
in a fibrous investment, — being  an  immediate
continuation and extension of the pars intermedia.,
and occupying the space between the  beginning
or vestibule of the vagina and the rami  of the
] m bic  arch on each  side.    It is regarded  by
 Eauih, Taylor, Morgagni and Kobelt as the ana-
logue of the male bulb.
   Bulbus Vomito'rius.  A  plant, said by Dios-
corides  to  be emetic  and  diuretic.   It  is the
 Musk-grape flower, according to Ray,—the Hya-
cinthns  Museai'i.
   BELESIS, Voluntas.
   BULGA, Vulva.
   BULIMIA,  Boulimia.
   BU'LITHOS,  from Bovs,  'an ox,'  and  XAos,
 'a stone.'  A bezoar or  stone, found  in the kid-
neys, gall-bladder, or urinary bladder of an ox
or cow.
   BULLA, (F.)  Bulle.  A Bleb, (Sc)  Bleib.   A
portion of  the cuticle, detached from the skin by
 the interposition of a transparent, watery fluid.
 It forms Jhe 4th order in Willan's and Bateinan's
arrangement of cutaneous diseases, and includes
 erysipelas,  pemphigus,  and  pompholyx.   By
 some, Bulla has been used synonymously with
 Pcmphii/iis. See, also, Hydatid.
   BULEACE  PLUM, Prunus in Sitia.
   BULL.E ROTUNDA CERVICIS  UTERI,
Nabothi glandulae.
   BULLDOG. Tabanus.
   BULL-FISTS, Lycoperdon.
   BULLOUS, Bulla'sm, (F.) Bulleux. Having
relation to  a bulla or bleb, as a 'bullous eruption.'
 Pemphigus has  been  designated  Mnladie bul-
 leuse, and Fievre bulleuse, when accompanied by
fever.
   BULLSEGG,  Typha latifolia.
   BUMBEEKITES, see Rubus fruticosus.
   BUMELLIA.  Fraxinus excelsior.
   BUM-GUT, Rectum.
   BUNA. Ooffea Arabica.
   BUNCOMBE, WARM AND HOT SPRINGS
 OF.  See North  Carolina, Mineral Waters of.
   BUND UK II, Corylus avellana.
   BUNEWAND, Heracleum spondylium.
   BUNIAS. Brassica napus.
   BUNIOID. Napiform.
   BUNION, Bunvon.
   BUNI'TES  VINUM. A wine, made  by  in-
fusing the Bunium in must.   It is stomachic, but
scarcely ever used.
   BUNIUM CARVI, Carum.
   Bu'nium  Bilbocas'tanum,  Bovviov,  so  called,
if has been supposed, from growing on hills, from
Biwvos, 'a hill,' or from the tuberosity of its root.
B. minus, Bttlanocas'tanum, Sium bu/bocastanum,
Scandcx biilbocastanum, Carum  bulbocastanum.
Order, U ra belli ferae.   The systematic  name of a
plant, whose root is called Pig-nut, Agriocas'ta-
uum, Nu'culn terr-cs'tris, Bulbocas'tnnum majits et
minus,   Earth-nut,  Hawk-nut,  Kippcr-nut, (Sc.)
Arnut.  (F.) Terre-noi.c.  The root is  tuberous,
and is  eaten raw or roasted.  It has been sup-
posed to be of use in strangury.  It is not  em-
ployed in medicine.
  BUNNIAN, Bunyon.
  BUNWEED, Senecio Jacobaea.
  BUN'YON, Bullion, Bun'nian,  from  Bovvoc,
'an  eminence.' [?]   An  enlargement and  in-
flammation of the bursa mucosa at  the inside of
the ball of the great toe.
  BUOPHTHALMIA, Buphthalmia.
  BUPEINA, Boulimia.
  BUPHTHALMI HERBA, Anthemis tinctoria.
  BUPHTHAL'MIA, Buojyhthalmia, Buphthal-
mos, Ehqihantom'ma, from jiovs, 'an ox,' and vtp-
SaXpos,  'an  eye'  Ox-eye.   Under this name,
the  generality of authors have  designated the
first stage of hydrophthalmia.  Others, with Sa-
batier, mean by  it,  turgescence of  the  vitreous
humour, which,  by  pushing the iris  forwards,
forms around the crystalline a sort of border.
  BUPHTTIALMUM   CRETICUM, Anthemis
Pyrethrum — b.  Majus,  Chrysanthemum leucan-
themum.
  BUPHTHALMUS, Hydrophthalmia, Semper-
vivum tectorum.
  BUPINA, Boulimia.
  BUPLEUROIDES, Bupleurum rotundifolium.
  BUPLEU'RUM  ROTUNDIFO'LIUM,   Bu-
plen'ron, Bujrleuroi'des, from (3ov, augmentative,
and nXevpov, 'side,'  (F.)  Bup/evre,  Pcrcfcuille,
Round-leaved Hare's Ear, Thoroicwax.  Order,
Umbelliferae.  The herb and seeds are slightly
aromatic   It was formerly celebrated for curing
ruptures, being made into a  cataplasm with wine
and oatmeal.
  BUPLEVRE, Bupleurum rotundifolium.
  BUR AC.  Borax.   Also, any kind of  salt.
(Arabic.)
  BURBOT, see Oleum Jecoris Aselli.
  BURDOCK, Arctium lappa —h.  Lesser, Xan-
thium—b. Prairie. Silphium  terobinthaceuin.
  BURIAL ALIVE, Zootbapsis.
  BURIS,  Hernia, accompanied  by  scirrhous
tumefaction;  or,  perhaps,  a scirrhous tumour
only.—Avicenna.
  BURN.   Sax.  bejinan or by man, 'to burn or
bren.'  Us'tio, Ambus'tio, Adus'tio, Tresis Causis,
Erythe'ma  Ambus'tio, Causis,  Ericati'sis,  Pyri-
caus'tum,  Combustu'ra,  Catacau'ma, Combus'tio,
(F.) Brulure.  An injury produced  by the action
of  too great heat on  the body.   Burns are of
greater or less extent, from the simple  irritation
of the integument to the complete destruction of
the  part.   The  consequences are  more  or less
severe, according to  the extent of injury, and the
part affected.  Burns of the abdomen, when ap-
parently doing well, are sometimes followed by
fatal  results.  Their treatment varies,—at times,
the antiphlogistic being required; at others, one
more stimulating.
  BURNEA. see Pinus Sylvestris.
  BURNET, CANADA,  Sanguisorba  Cana-
densis.
  BURNETT'S  DISINFECTING  LIQUID or
FLUID.  A solution of  chloride  of zinc,  first
used by Sir  William Burnett for preserving  tim-
ber, canvass, Ac, from dry rot, mildew, Ac, and
afterwards as an  antibromic  and antiseptic, espe-
cially in the case of dead bodies.   The  Dublin
Pliarmacopioia has a Zinci Clilo'ridi Liquor, So-
lu'tion of Chloride of Zinc, which is not near so
strong as Sir William's  preparation.
  BURNING,  Brenning.  A disease mention''!
by  old historians, from  which authors  have un-
successfully endeavoured to  demonstrate the an-
tiquity of svphilis-.—Parr.
  BURNING OF THE FEET, see Feet, burn-
ing of the.
  BURNT HOLES.  A variety of  rupia.  popu-
larly known in Ireland under this name; and not 
BURR
148
BUXUS
unfrequent there amongst the ill-fed children of
the poor.  See Rupia escharotica.
  BURR, Rotacismus.
  BURRAGE, Borago officinalis.
  BUR-REED, GREAT, Sparganium ramosum.
  BURRH, Rotacismus.
  BURRHI SPIR'ITUS MATRTCA'LIS.   The
Spirit of Burrhus for diseases of the Womb.   It
is prepared by digesting, in alcohol, equal  parts
of myrrh, olibanum, and mastic   Boerhaave fre-
quently prescribed it.
  BURSA CORDIS, Pericardium—b. Omentalis,
see Epiploon, gastro-hepatic—b. Pastoris, Thlaspi
bursa—b. Testium, Scrotum—b. Virilis, Scrotum.
  BURS.E  MUCILAGINOS.E, B. mucosae.
  BURS.E  MUCO'SiE,  B. mnco'sa vesiculates,
Bursa seu Cap'sula synovia'les, Blennocys'tides,
Sncci  muco'si,  Vesica  unguino'sa  ten'dinum,
 Vagina Synovia'les seu mucilagino'sa, Syno'vial
Crypts or Follicles,  (F.) Bourses  Synoviales ou
muqueuses ou mucilagineuses.  Small^nembranous
sacs, (from Bvpaa, 'a bag, a purse,') situate  about
the joints, particularly about the large  ones of
the upper  and lower  extremities, and,  for the
most  part,  lying under the tendons.   They are
naturally filled with an oily kind of fluid, the use
of which is to lubricate surfaces over which the
tendons  play.   In consequence of bruises  or
sprains, this fluid  sometimes collects to  a  great
extent.  The  bursae are, generally, either of a
roundish or oval form, and they have been ar-
ranged under two classes, the spherical and the
vaginal.
  Burs.e Synoviales, Bursae mucosae.
  BURSAL, Bnrsa'lis.  Relating or appertain-
ing to  bursae,—as a 'bursal tumour.'
  BURSALIS, Obturator internus.
  BURSERA ACUMINATA, B. gummifera.
  Burse'ra  Gummik'era, B. acumina'ta,  Tere-
binth'rts gummifera, Jamaica Bark Tree.   Or-
der, Terebinthaceae.   A resin exudes from this
tree, which, as met with in  the shops,  is  solid
externally ; softish internally ; of a vitreous frac-
ture ; transparent; of a pale yellow colour; tur-
pentine smell, and  sweet, perfumed taste. It has
been used like balsams and turpentines in  gene-
ral, and  is  called, by the French, Cachibou, Chi-
bou, and  Risine de Gomart.
  BURSITIS, see  Synovitis.
  BURST, Hernia, Hernial.
  BURSTEN, see  Hernial.
  BURSULA,  Scrotum.
  BURTHISTLE, Xanthium.
  BURTREE, Sambucus.
  EURUNHEM, Monesia.
  BURWEED, Xanthium.
  BURWORT, Ranunculus acris.
  BUSH, JEW. Pedilanthus  tithymaloides.
  BUSSANG, MINERAL WATERS OP.  Bus-
sang is a village in  the department of  Vosges,
France.  The  waters are acidulous chalybeates.
  BUSSEROLLE, Arbutus uva ursi.
  BUS'SII  SPIR'ITUS BEZOAR'TICUS, Be-
zoar'dic  Spirit of Bussius.   A preparation, re-
garded as sudorific, diuretic, and antispasmodic;
obtained  by distilling subcarbonate and muriate
of ammonia, amber, oil of cedar or juniper,  Ac
  BUTE, ISLAND OF, CLIMATE OF.  This
island  is in the Frith  of Clyde, about 18  miles
below Greenock.  The  climate is mild and equa-
ble, but rather moist; and, as a winter residence,
it holds out advantages for those  only that ap-
pear to demand such a condition  of the atmo-
sphere.   The  climate   resembles, in character,
that of the  S. W. of England and France, and
the  Channel islands;  although its temperature  is
lower.
  BU'TEA FRONDO'SA, Erythri'na monosper'-
I ma,  Rudolph'ia frondo'sa,  see  Kino.   A tree,
 common in Bengal, and in the mountainous parts
 of India;  Nat. Ord.  Leguminosae ;  from which
 gum  butea flows.  Dr. Pereira found this gum to
 be identical with a specimen marked gummi  ru-
 brum astringens—the gomme astringente de Gam-
 bie of M. Guibourt.  By some, this gum has been
 confounded with kino.
   BUTIGO, Gutta rosea.
   BUTOMON, Iris pseudacorus.
   BUTTER, from Bovrvpov; itself from Bovs, 'ox,'
 and  rvpos, 'any thing  coagulated.'   Bitty'rum,
 Pice'rion, (F.) Betirre.  A sort of concrete oil,
 obtained  from the cream that forms on the sur-
 face  of the milk furnished  by the females of the
 mammalia, especially by the cow  and the goat.
 Fresh butter is very nutritious, whilst the rancid
 is  irritating.   The ancient  chemists  gave the
 name Butter  to  many of the metallic chlorides.
 It has also been applied to vegetable substances,
 which resemble, in some respects,  the butter ob-
 tained from  milk. The essential fatty matter in
 it is  bu'tyrin or bu'tyrate of glyd'erin.
   Butter of Antimony, Antimonium muriatum.
   Butter of  Bamhouc or Bamboc,  (F.) Beurre
 de Bambouc  ou  Bainbuk.   A vegetable oil ob-
 tained from a species of almond, and used  in
 Senegal in neuralgic and rheumatismal pains.
   Butter of Ca'cao, Oil of Ca'cao, Oleum Co-
 cao spissa'tum, 0. Theobro'ma Cacao expres'sum,
 (F.)  Beurre de Cacao, Huile de  Cacao.  A fat
 substance, of  a  sweet and agreeable  taste, ob-
 tained from the  Theobroma  cacao or  chocolate
 nut.   Owing  to its firmness  and fusibility, it is
 well  adapted to serve as the constituent of sup-
 positories.
   Butter of  Cocoa, (F.) Buerre de  Coco.  A
 fatty, concrete substance, which separates from
 the milk  of the  cocoa nut.  It  is sweet and
 agreeable.
   Butter and Eggs, Narcissus pseudonarcissus
 —b.  Kokum, see Garcinia purpurea—b. of Nut-
 megs, see Myristica.
   BUTTERBUR, Tussilago petasites.
   BUTTERCUPS,  Ranunculus acris,  and R.
 bulbosus.
   BUTTERFLY-WEED, Asclepias tuberosa.
   BUTTERMILK, (Prov.)  Churn-milk,  Kern-
 milk, Whig, (Sc) Bladoch, Bledoch, Bladela,Kirn-
 milk, Sour-milk, (F.) Babeurre, Lait de Beurre.
 The  thin, sour milk, separated from the cream by
 churning.  It contains caseum and  a little butter.
 It is  a refreshing drink when newly made.
   BUTTERTEETH,  Incisive teeth.
   BUTTER WEED, Erigeron Canadense
   BUTTERWORT, Pinguicola vulgaris.
   BUTTOCK-HUMP, Steatopy<ra.
   BUTTONBUSH, Cephalanthus occidentalis.
   BUTTONWOOD SHRUB, Cephalanthus occi-
 dentalis.
   BUTUA, Pareira brava.
   BUTYRATE OF GLYCERIN, see Butter.
   BUTYRIN, see Butter.
   BUTYRUM, Butter—b. Amygdalarum dul-
 cium, Confection (almond)—b. Saturni, Unguen-
 tum  plumbi superacetatis —b. Zinci, Zinci chlo-
 ridum.
   BUVEUR, Rectus internus oculi.
   BUXTON,  MINERAL WATERS  OF, Bur-
 tonren'ses Aqua.   Buxton  is a village in Derby-
 shire.  The springs are thermal, and about 82°
 Fahrenheit.   They contain  sulphate of soda,
 chloride of calcium, chloride of sodium, chloride
 of magnesium, carbonate of lime, carbonic acid,
 and  azote.   They are used  in  cases  in  which
 thermal springs,  in general,  are recommended.
 Ih*v ^"tain  lifctle or no mineral impregnation.
   RUXEh, Bitxus sempervi'rens.  The Box-tree,
 (F.) Buis ou Bonis.  The leaves arc  bitter and 
49
CACHECTIC
                   B Y N E                  1

aromatic, and, as such, have been  used in medi-
cine, in cases of worms,  dyspepsia. Ac, in the
form of decoction.   They are  sometimes,  also,
added  to beer.  The seed was anciently called
Carthe'qon.
  BYNE, Malt.
  BY'RETURUM.  A sort of cap or Couvrechef,
filled with cephalic substances.—Forestus.
  BYRON ACID  or SOUR SPRINGS.  These
Springs are in the town of Byron, Genesee coun-
ty,  New York.   The water is a nearly pure dilute
sulphuric acid.  They are powerfully astringent
and tonic.
  BYRSA,  Bvpaa.  A leather skin to spread
plasters upon.
  BYRSOBEP'SICON.   A tan stuff, with which
Celius iEuitELiANus sprinkled wool, which he
  C.  This letter in the chemical alphabet sig-
nifies  nitre.   It  is also  sometimes used in pre-
scriptions for calx.
  CAA-AP'IA, Dorste'nia Brazilierlsis seu cor-
ilifo'lia seu placento'i'des seu vitella.   Order,
Urticeae. The root, according to Piso, is employed
as emetic and anti-diarrhceic
  CAA-ATAY'A.   A plant of Brazil,  supposed
to be  a species  of  gratiola.   It is very bitter,
and considered to be one of the best indigenous
cathartics.
  CAACICA, Euphorbia cnpitata.
  CAA-GHIYU'YO, Frutex bac'cifer Brazilierl-
sis.  A shrub of Brazil, whose  leaves, in powder,
are considered detersive.
  CAAOPIA, Hypericum baccifcrum.
  CAAPEBA, Pareira brava, Pothomorpha pel-
tata and P. unibellata.
  CAAPONGA,  Crithmum maritimum.
  CAAROBA.   A Brazilian tree, whose leaves,
in decoction, promote perspiration.   See  Cera-
tonia.
  CABAL, Cab'ala, Cttballa, Calbala, Caba'lia,
Kab'nla, Gaballa.  This word is  from  the He-
brew, and  signifies  knowledge  transmitted by
tradition.   Paracelsus and several authors of the
16th and 17th centuries have spoken  much of
this species of magic, which they distinguished in-
to Juda'ic or theolo'gian, and Hermelic or medic"-
inal;  the latter being, according to  them, the
art of knowing  the most  occult  properties of
bodies by  an immediate  communication  with
spirits,—the knowledge  being  thus acquired  by
inspiration, and  incapable of inducing error.  It
was also called Are cabalis'tica seu signa'ta, 'ca-
balistic art.'
  CABAL'HAU.  A plant of  Mexico, according
to Dalechamps,  which passes  for an antidote to
white hellebore, and  yet is used  for poisoning
arrows.   It is unknown  to botanists.
  CAB'ALIST,  Cabalis'ta.   One instructed in
the Cabal.
  CABALLATION, Cynoglossum.
  CABARET, Asarum.
  CABBAGE, Brassica—c Cow, Nymphaea odo-
rata—c Irish, Dracontium faetidum — c. Skunk,
Dracontium  foetidum — c. Swamp, Dracontium
foetiduin—c. Water, Nymph;«?a odorata—c.  Tree,
Geoffraea inermis—c Bark tree, Geoffraea inermis.
  CABBAGIUM, Geoffraea inermis.
  CABOTZ, Hagenia Ahyssinica.
  CABUREIBA, see Myroxylon Peruiferum.
applied in  certain cases to the umbilical region;
from Bvpaa. 'leather,' and Senear, ' I tan.'
  BYRSODEPSICUM PRINCIPIUM, Tannin.
  BYSAU'CHEN,  from  Bvu, 'I stop  up,' and
"oXWt <lbe neck.'    A morbid  stiffness of the
neck.  One with a short neck,—Simotrache'lus.
  BYSSOS, Vulva.
  BYSSUS, Byssum.  The  ancients gave this
name to several vegetable substances, which were
used for the fabrication of stuffs prized for their
fineness, colour,  and rarity  of  material.   It is
now chiefly applied to the filaments,  by the aid
of which  the acephalous mollusca attach  their
shells  to the rocks.  Byssus was  formerly (,h,
applied to the female pudendum.
  BYTHOS, Bv&os,  ' depth.'  An epithet used by
Hippocrates for the fundus of the stomach.
  CABUREICIBA,  see Myroxylon Peruiferum.
  CAC&j'MIA,  Cacha'mia,  from kokos,  'bad,'
and 'atpa, ' blood.'  A faulty or morbid condition
of the blood.
  CACESTHE'SIS,  Cacaasthe'sis,  Cacoasthe'-
sis, from kokos, ' bad,'  and  atodnots,  ' feeling.'
Morbid sensation.  Morbid general feeling.  In-
disposition.
  CACAFERRI, Ferri subcarbonas.
  CAC'AGOGUE, Cacago'gus, Cac'cagogue, Cac-
cago'gus, from KaKKn, 'excrement,' and ayctv, 'to
expel.'   An ointment, composed of  alum  and
honey; which, when  applied  to  the  anus, pro-
duced an evacuation.—Paulus of iEgina.
  CACALEXITERIA, Alexiteria.
  CACA'LIA ANTEUPHOR'BIUM,  Anteu-
phor'bium.   Ord.  Compositae.   A plant,  which
Dodoens and others considered to be  capable of
tempering the caustic properties of euphorbium.
It is also called Klein'ia.
  Many varieties of the Cacalia are used, in dif-
ferent countries, chiefly as condiments.
  CA'CAO,  Ca'coa, Cactivi, Quahoil,  Cacara'ta.
The cocoa or chocolate nut; fruit of Tlteobro'ma
Cacao,  Co'coa  Cacavif'era,  Ca'cao   minor  seu
sati'va, Cacao tlteobro'ma, (F.)  Cacaoyer ou  Ca-
caotier  ordinaire.   Family, Malvaceae.   Sex.
Syst. Polydelphia Pentandria.
  CACAO TIER ORDINAIRE, see Cacao.
  CACAOYER ORDINAIRE, see Cacao.
  C A CATION. Defecation.
  CACATORIA, Diarrhoea.
  CAC'ATORY, Cacato'rius, from cacare, 'to go
to stool.'  Febris cacato'ria ; a kind of intermit-
tent fever, accompanied by copious alvine evacua-
tions.—Sylvius.
  CACAVATA, Cacao.
  CACAVI, Cacao, Jatropha manihot.
  CACCAGOGUE, Cacagogue.
  CACCE, Excrement.
  CACCION'DE.  A sort of pill, chiefly formed
of catechu, recommended by Baglivi in  dysentery.
  CACEPHEBOTE'SIA, from  kukos,  'bad.' and
cif-eBorns, ' puberty.'  Morbid  puberty.  Disease
occurring at the period of puberty.
  CACHALOT, see Cetaceum.
  CACHANG-PARANG.   A sort of bean of Su-
matra,  mentioned  by Marsden,  whose seeds are
given in pleurisy. Jussieu considered it to be the
Mimo'sa scandens.
  CACHECTIC,   Cachec'tes,  Cachec'ticus, (F.)
Cachectique, same etymon as Cachexia.  One at-
c. 
CACHELCOXIA
150
CACOSIS
tacked with cachexia.  Belonging to  cachexia.
Cachec'tica  rented ia  are  remedies against ca-
chexia.
  CACHELCOMA, Helcocace.
  CACIIEN-LAGUEN, Chironia Chilensis.
  CACHET (F.), '« seal.'  A stamp or medicine
stamp, used by the  ancient Romans for marking
their  drugs, especially those prescribed  in  dis-
eases  of the eyes;  aud hence  called,  by some,
oculist stamps.   Some of those more  lately dis-
covered amongst Roman antiquities, have been
described by MM. Sichel and Duehalais, and by
Prof.  Simpson, of Edinburgh.
  CACUEX'IA, from kukos, 'bad,'  and  'efts,
' habit.'  Status cachec'ticus, Caeh'exy, Dysthe'sis,
(F.) Cachexie.  A  condition  in which  the body
is  evidently depraved.   A bad  habit of body,
chiefly the result of scorbutic,  cancerous, or ve-
nereal diseases when  in their la;t stage.   Hence
we  hear of a Scorbutic Cachexia, Cancerous Ca-
chexia,  Ac  Sauvages and Cullen have included
under this bead a number of diseases—consump-
tions, dropsies,  Ac  Cachexia has  been some-
times confounded  with diathesis.  Cachexia 1c-
ter'ica is jaundice or icterus itself, or a disposition
thereto.   Fluor albus is  sometimes called  Ca-
chexia Uteri'na.
  Cachexia Africana, Chthonophagia—c.  Cal-
culosa,  Lithia—c Cancerous,  see  Cancer—c.
Chlorotic, Chlorosis—c Dysthetica, Dyscrasia.
  Cachexia,  Gaol.   The deteriorated  organic
actions  induced by confinement in prisons, which
is  so  often the precursor of scrofula.
  Cachexia Icterica, Icterus.
  Cachexia Londinicn'sis.  The paleness  and
other evidences of impaired health presented by
the inhabitants of London. A similar cachexia is
seen in  those of other crowded  cities.
  Cachexia,   Lymphatica  Farciminosa,   see
Equinia.
  Cachexia, Marsh, (F.)  Cachexie paludSenne,
ou  palustre.   The state of cachexy observed  in
malarious districts.
  Cachexia,  Saturnina, Saturnismus—c Scor-
butic, see Purpura—c Scrophulosa, Scrofula.
   Cachexia Sple'nica.   The  state of scorbutic
cachexia, which often accompanies diseases, es-
pecially enlargement of the  spleen, Splenalgia
Bengalerlsis, in India.
   Cachexia Venerea. Syphilis—c. Venous, Ve-
nosity—c. Virginum, Chlorosis.
   CACHEXIE, Cachexia—e.  Iodie,  see  Iodine
— c.  Paludienne, Cachexia, marsh — c. Palustre,
 Cachexia, marsh.
   CACHEXY. Cachexia.
   CACTI IB OU. see Bursera  gummifera.
   CACIIINEAGUA.  Chironia chilensis.
   CACIIINNA'TIO,  from  cachinno,  'I laugh
 aloud.'   A  tendency  to immoderate laughter, as
in some hysterical and maniacal affections.
   CACHIRI.  A fermented liquor made, in  Cay-
 enne, from  a decoction of the rasped root of the
 manioc.  It resembles perry.
   CACHLEX.  A  small  stone or pebble, found
 on the  sea shore.   One of these, when heated in
 the fire, and  cooled  in whey,  communicates  an
 astringency to the liquid, so that it was anciently
 esteemed to be useful in dysentery.—Galen.
   CACIIOS.  An oriental fruit,  apparently of a
 Solanum, which is  esteemed lithontriptic.
   CACHOU, Catechu.
   CACHRYS  LIBANO'TIS.  An umbelliferous
 plant which grows  in Africa  and the south  of
 Europe.  It is aromatic and astringent.  Its seeds
 are extremely acrid.
   Cachrys Maritima, Crithmum maritimum.
   CACHUN'DE.   An  Indian troch  or  pastile
 composed of  amber, mastic,  musk,  cinnamon,
 aloes, rhubarb, galanga, pearls, rubies, emeralds,
garnets, Ac.  It is regarded by the people of In-
dia as an antidote, stomachic and antispasmodic.
  CACO, kuko, properly only an abbreviation of
kokos.  In  composition  it means something de-
fective : as in the following words :
  CACO^ESTIIESIS. Cacaesthesis.
  CACO-ALEXITERIA, Alexipharmic
  CACOCIIOL'IA, from kukos, 'bad,' and  x°^n,
'bile.'  Diseases induced by a depraved condition
of the bile.
  CAC'OCHROI,  Cac'ochri, from  kokos, 'bad,'
and XPoai  'colour.'  Diseases in which the com-
plexion is morbidly changed  in colour.
  CACOCIIYLTA, from kokos, 'bad,'and ytAos,
'chyle.'  Depraved chylitication.
  CACOCHYM'IA,  Knkochynlia, Corrnp'tio
Humo'rum, from kokos,  'bad/ and  xvtl0i> 'Ju'l'c\'
'humour.'   Cacocllymy.   Depravation  of the
humours.
  Cacochymia  Plumbea,  Lead poisoning — c.
Scorbutica, see  Purpura — c Scrophulosa,  Scro-
fula— c. Venerea, Syphilis.
  CACOCII'YMUS, 'Cacochym'icus.  One attacked
with cacochymia.   Belonging to cacochymia.
  CACOCNE'MUS, Cacocne'miens.  Malts  sum
pradltns; from  kukos,  'bad,' and  Kvnpn, 'the
leg.'  One who has bad legs.
  CACOCORE'MA, from kukos, 'bad,' and mom,
' I purge,  or cleanse.'  A medicine which purges
off the vitiated humours.
  CACODyE'MON, from kukos, 'bad,'and oatpw,
'a spirit.'   An evil spirit, to which were ascribed
many disorders.  The nightmare.
   CACO'DES,  from kokos,  'bad,' and o$etv, 'to
smell'—male" olens. Having a bad smell; Caco'-
dia,  Cacos'mia.
  CACODIA, see Cacodes.
   CACOETH'ES,(7acoe*A'jV>j«, (F.) Cacoetbe,from
kokos,  'bad,'  and c$os, 'disposition,  habit,' &e.
Of a bad or vitiated character, as ulcus caco'eth'es,
an ulcer of a. malignant character.
   CACOETHICUS, Cacoethes.
   CACOGALAC'TIA,  Cacoga'lia,  from kokh,
'bad,'  and yaXa, gen. yaXaKros, 'milk.'  • A bad
condition  of the milk.
   CACOGALAC'TICA.  Same etymon as thelasf.
One who suffers from a bad condition of the  milk.
   CACOGALIA, Cacogalactia.
   CACOGEN'ESIS, (F.) CacogineSe, from  kokos,
'bad,'  and yevtats,  'generation.'  A morbid for-
mation.  A monstrosity.
   CACOMORPHIA, Deformation.
   CACOMORPHOSIS, Deformation.
   CACOPATHI'A,  Pas'sio  Mala,  from  mm,
'bad/ and ttn§os, 'affection.'   A distressed state
of mind.—Hippocrates.
   CACOPHO'NIA, from kokos, 'bad,'and  tpm>%
'voice,' vitia'ta vox.   A dissonant condition of
voice.
   CACOPLAS'TIC, Cacoplas'ticus, Dysplasnnit'-
ie; from kokos, 'bad,' and nXaaaor, 'I form.'  Sus-
ceptible of only a low degree of organization, as
the  indurations  resulting from  low or chronic
inflammation, fibro-cartilage, cirrhosis,  Ac.
   CACOPRA'GIA,  Cncoprax'is,  from  kokos,
'bad,' and -rrparroi, 'I  perform.'  Depraved con-
dition of  the organic functions.
   CACOPRAXIS, Cacopragia.
   CACORRHACHI'TIS, from kukos, 'bad,' and
paxts,  'the spine.'  Cacor'rhachis, Cacor'hachii,
 Cacorhachltis, Spondylalgia.   Deformity  of tlio
spine. Disease of the spine.  Spontaneous luxa-
tion of the vertebrae  and  ribs dependent upou
internal causes.
   CACORRHYTH'MUS, Arrhyth'mus,  from m-
kos,  'bad,' and pviipos,  'rhythm,'  'order.'  Irre-
gular.
   CACO'SIS.   Mala  disposil'io,  (F.)  Vice.  A 
CACOSITIA              151                  CECUM
bad condition of body.—Hippocrates.  A diseased
condition in general.
  CACOSIT'IA,  from  kokos,  'bad,' and atnov,
'aliment.'  Disgust or  aversion for food—Fas-
tid'inin cibn'rnm.
  CACOS.MIA, see Cacodes.
  CACOSOMl'UM, from  kukos, 'bad,' and aorpa,
'the body.'  An hospital for leprosy, and incura-
ble affections in general.
  CACOSl'ERM A'SI A, Cacospermn'tia, Cacos-
prr'mia, from kukos. 'bad,' and axeppa,  'sperm.'
A bad condition of the  sperm.
  CACOSPIIYX'IA,   from   kukos,   'bad,'  and
o<pvi,ts, 'pulse.'—Vitio'sus pulsus.  Bad state of
pulse.—Gaieti.
   OACOSPL.YNCH'NIA,  from  kokos, 'bad,' and
airXuyxvov, 'a  viscus.'  Indigestion.   The  ema-
ciation dependent upon  imperfect  digestion.—
Siebenhaar.
   CACOSTOM'ACHUS, from koko,, 'bad,'  and
aropuxos, ' the stomach.'  What disagrees with
the stomach.   Indigestible.—Gorraeus.
   C.U'OSTOMATOSPHRESIA,  Breath,  offen-
 sive.
   CAOOSTOMUS, from kokos, 'bad,' and aropa,
 'a mouth.'  Having a bad  mouth, or  a bad
 breath.
   CACOTHANASIA, see Euthanasia.
   CACOTHYM'IA, Vit'ium  An'imi, from kokos,
 ' bad ' and iviios, ' mind,' ' disposition.'  A vicious
 state of mind.—Linden.
   CACOTRIBULUS, Centaurea calcitrapa.
   CACOTRICIITA,  from kukos, 'bad,' and  &>if,
 rpi\>i, 'hair.'  Disease of the hair.
   CACOTROPH'IA, from kokos, 'bad,' and rpoipn,
 'nutrition.'—Vitio'sa nutrit"io;—disordered nu-
 trition.—Galen.
    CACOU, Caqot, Catechu.
   CACOU'CIA  COCCIN'EA.  Coucirlea,   Coc-
 cin'ea, Sehousba'a. coccirl en,  Tiki mm a.  A peren-
 nial  twining  shrub of  South  America, the  plant
 of which, as well as the fruit,  is possessed of
 enieto-cathartic properties.
    CACTIER, Cactus opuntia.
   CACTUS, Cvnara.
   CACTUS  OPUN'TIA,  Opun'tia, 0. vulga'ris.
 The  Indian  Fig,  (F.)  Cactier, Raquette, Figuier
 d'lnde.  Ord.  Cactaeeae.  This  plant grows in
 South America, Spain,  Italy,  Ac Its fruit, which
 has the shape of the fig, is  of a sweetish  taste,
 and colours the urine red when eaten.  Its leaves
 are considered refrigerant.
   The fruits  of  different species  of cactus are
 Called  Tunas.
    CADA'BA, Stroe'mia.   A genus of the family
 Ca/i/iiritlea, natives  of India and Arabia.   The
 young shoots of  the Cada'ba  fiarino'sa are consi-
 dered to be an antidote against venomous bites.
    CADA'VEH, Ptorna, Nccron.   A dead body,
 corse, corpse, (Sc.) Corp;  a  subject; a carcass,
 (F.) Cada.rre.  The word has been supposed to
 come from cado, ' I  fall;' and by some to  be a
 contraction from caro data vermibus, 'flesh given
 to the worms.' [?]
    CADAYERIC, Cadaverous.
    CADAY'EROUS,   Cadav'eric,  Cadavero'sns,
 Nccro'tlcs,  (F.)  Cadavereiix, Cadavirique.  Be-
 longing to the dead body ;  as cadaverous smell.
 The Cadar'erous or Hippocralic face, (see Face),
 is  an unfavourable sign in disease, and generally
 denotes a fatal termination.
    Cadav'krous   or  Cadav'eric  Hvper^'mia.
 The  hypostatic hyperaemia observed in depend-
 ing parts of the dead body.
   C U>DY INSECT, see Ectozoa.
    CADE.  Juniperus  oxycedrus.
   CADEJI-INIM. Malabathrum.
   CADEE-.WANACU. Croton tiglium.
   CAD1A.  An   Egyptian,  leguminous  pi;
j The Arabs attribute to its fresh leaves the power
 of relieving colic.
   CADIVA INSANIA, Epilepsy.
   CADMIA, Calamina, Tutia.
   CADMI'I SULPHAS, Cadmium sulphu'ricum,
 Sulphas  Cadmi'cus, Mellui Sulphas,  Klapro'thii,
 Sulphas,  Klapro'thium  Sulphu'ricum,  Melinum
 Sulphu'ricum, Sulphate of Cad'mium.  Used  in
; spots on  the cornea, and  in chronic torpid in-
| fliimmation of  the conjunctiva, in the quantity
I of half a grain to a grain to the ounce of water.
 It does not differ materially ih its properties from
 sulphate of zinc.  The nitrate, in the dose  of jth
 of a grain, induces vomiting and purging.
    CADMIUM   SULPHURICUM, Cadmii Sul-
 phas.
    CADRE DU  TYMPAN,  Tympanal.   The
 portion of the temporal bone which supports the
 membrana tympani.
    CADTCHU, Catechu.
    CADUCA HUNTERI,  Decidua —c Passio,
 Epilepsy.
    CADU'CITY, Imbecillitas, Debilitas, Cadu'-
 citas, from cadere, 'to fall.'  The  French use the
 word Caduciti for the portion of human life which
 is comprised generally between 70 and 80 years.
 The age which  precedes decrepitude.   It  is so
 termed in consequence of the limbs not usually
 possessing sufficient strength to support the body.
 The precise  age must of course vary in indivi-
 duals.
    CADUQUE, Decidua membrana—c. Rifiichie,
 see Decidua membrana—c. Utifine, Decidua—c.
  Vraie, Decidua membrana.
    CADURCUS, Vulva.
    CADUS, koSos.  A Greek measure  equal to ten
 gallons English.—Pliny.   Amphora.
    C.ECA  FORAMTNA (ANTERIUS ET POS-
 TERIUS) are  situate at the fore  and back parts
 of the tuber annulare  of  the  brain, and  at the
 extremities of the depression made by the verte-
 bral artery.  The  former is placed between the
 nerves of the third, and the latter between those
 of the sixth pair.
    CMCM  H^EMORRHOi'DES,  Blind  Piles,
  (F.) Himor-rhoides aveugles, are those unaccom-
 panied by any discharge.
    CjECAL, Caca'lis.   Belonging to  the Caecum,
 from cacus, 'blind, hidden.'   The Cacal arteries
 and veins are the branches of the Arteria et vena
 colica dextra inferiores, distributed to the caecum.
  The  Cacal or  blind extremity of a duct  is  its
  closed termination.  See Caucus.
    CICATRIX, Cicatrix.
    CiE'CITAS,   Ca'citas,  Cacitn'do, Ablcp'sia,
  Obcaca'tio,   Occaca'tio,  Anap'sia,   Ty'phlotes,
  Typhlo'sis, Ce'city,  Blindness,  (F.) Aveiiglement,
  Ciciti, Perte de la vue.  Caecitas may be depend-
  ent upon many different diseases—as  upon amau-
  rosis,  specks, hypopyon, cataract,  glaucoma, oph-
  thalmia, atrophy of the eye, Ac.
    CAECITAS  Crepuscularis,  Hemeralopia—c.
  Diurna, Nyctalopia — c. Nocturna, llemeralopia.
    CMJCITE, Typhlo-enteritis.
    C^ECITUDO, Caecitas.
    CiECUM, Ciecum, Intestlnum cacum,  Mononl-
  achon,  Monom'acum, Monoco'lon,  Monocu'bint,
  Typhlo'teron monoco'lon, Typhlot'erurn,  Typhlo-
  en'teruni, Inil'ittm intesti'ni crassi, Saccus Intes-
  tini crassi seu  Coli, Cacum Caput coli, Caput coli,
  Prima cella coli, Inil'ium extu'berans coli, from
  cacus, 'blind.'   The Blind  Gut,  so  called from
 its  being open at one end only.   That por-
  tion of the intestinal canal which is seated be-
  tween the termination of the ileum and  com-
 mencement of the colon; and which  fills, almost
  wholly, the  right iliac fossa; where the perito-
 neum  retains it immovably.  Its  length is about
 three  or  four  fingers'  breadth.   The Ileo-cacal 
»2     CALADIUM  ESCULENTUM
C.ECUS                  H
valve  or Valve of Bauhin shuts off all communi-
cation between it and the ileum ; and the Appen-
dix vermiformis caci is attached to it.
  CiECUM  Fora'men of tbe frontal bone is a small
cavity at  the inferior  extremity of the internal
coronal crest or crista. — Fronto-ethmoidal fora-
men, (F.) Trou avengle  ou borgne.   Morgagni has
;,iven the same name  to the small cavity in the
middle of the upper surface of the tongue, near
its  base; the sides  of  which  are  furnished with
mucous follicles—Lacunes de la langue—(Ch.)
  C>ecum,  Phlegmonous Tumour of  the,  Ty-
phlo-enteritis.
  CiECUS.   'Blind.'   One deprived  of  sight,
Typhlops, (F.) Avengle, Borgne.   In  anatomy, it
is used to designate   certain  holes  or cavities,
which end in a  cul-de-sac;  or have  only  one
opening.  See Caecal.
  Blind  Ducts of  the Ure'thra,   (F.)  Conduits
aveugles  de lurethre,  are  the Mucous Lacu'na
of the Ure'thra.
  C<ELA-DOLO, Torenia Asiatica.
  CLEMENTUM, Lute.
  C^ERULEUM  BEROLINENSE,  Prussian
blue—c. Borussicum, Prussian blue.
  CLRULOSIS NEONATORUM, Cyanopathy.
  CiESALPI'NIA,  C.  sappon, Sappan  or Samp-
 fen wood, (F.) Brisillet, Bois de Slippran.   Ord.
Leguminosae.  Called after  Caesalpinus.  A small
Siamese  tree, the wood of  which  is used in de-
coction, in cases of  contusion.
  Brazil wood, Pernambuco or Fernambuco wood,
formerly used as an astringent, is the wood of
C.esalpin'ia  Echina'ta.  This  is  the  proper
Brazil wood ; but another variety in commerce is
the Br-asiletto  from Casalpinia Brasiliensis  and
C. crista, which grow in the West Indies.
  The Nicaragua or Peach-wood is analogous to
this, and is said to be derived from a species of
Caesalpinia.
  The kernel of Cesalpin'ia  Bonducell'a, the
seed of which is  called in  India  Kutkuleja  and
Kutoo Kurunja, is  given  as  a febrifuge  tonic.
Dose, ten  grains.
  C.ESA'REAN  SECTION,  Casa'rean opera'-
t'on,  Tomotoc'ia,  Casa'rea sectio, Partus casa'-
reus,  Opera'tio casa'rea, Metrotom'ia, (F.)  Opi-
r at ion Cisarienne,  from  cader-e, casum,  ' to
cut.'  An incision  made  through the  parietes
of  the  abdomen  and uterus to extract  the
fuetus.  In  this manner, Julius  Caesar is  said
to  have  been extracted.— Pliny.  It is  also
called Hysterotom'ia,  Hysterotomotoc'ia, Gastro-
inetrotom' ia,  Gasterhy sterol omy,   Gastrometrol-
ome,  Gastrohy sterol omy. An  incision  has  been
made into the uterus through the  vagina, consti-
tuting the Vaginal Casnrean Section, Gastro-
elytrotonlia, Gastrelytrotorrlia, Gastrocolpotom'ia,
Lnparacolpotom'ia,  Laparoelytrotom'ia, (F.) Opi-
ration cisarienne vaginale.  The  Caesarean  sec-
tion may  be  required when the mother  dies
before delivery; when there is some invincible
obstacle to delivery from the faulty conformation
of the pelvis ; or when the child has passed into
the abdominal cavity in consequence of rupture
of the uterus.
  CiESARIES, Capillus, Scalp.
  CxESIUS, Glaucoma.
  CvE'SONES, Ca'sares.  Children brought into
the world by the Caesarean  operation.
  C/ESU'LIjE.  They who have gray eyes.
  C/ESURA, Cut.
  CiETCHU, Catechu.
  CAF, Camphor.
  CAFAL, Agrimony.
  CAFAR, Camphor.
  CAFE, Coffea.
  CAFE  A LA  SULTANE.  This name  has
been given to an infusion or deception of the ground
coques or pericarps which surround the  coffee.
  CAFE CITRIN. The aqueous infusion of un-
roasted coffee, so called on account of its yellow-
ish tint.
  CAFEIN, see Coffea Arabica.
  CAF EI Eli and CAF EVER, Coffea  Arabica,
  CAFFA, Camphor.
  CAFFEIN. see Coffea Arabica.'
  CAFIER,  Coffea Arabica.
  CAFUR, Camphor.
  CAGAS'TRUM. The principal or germ of dis-
eases which are communicable.—Paracelsus.
  CAGNEUN, Cagot.   See Kyllosis.
  CAGOSANGA, Ipecacuanha.
  CAGOTS(F.).  A name given to  deformed and
miserable beings, met with in the  Pyrenees, Bern,
and Upper Gascony, in France, where they are also
called Capots.  In other districts they are called
Gizits, Gizitains,  Critins, Gahets,  Capons,  Coli-
berts, Cacous, Cagneux, Ac See Cretin.  The  word
Cagot is supposed to be an abbreviation of Canis
Gothus, ' Dog of a Goth.'
  CAGUE-SANGUE,  Caqnesangue.
  CAHINCiE RADIX, Caincae radix.
  CAI'EPUT OIL, Caj'eput  oil, Kyapulty, Cn-
jnpu'ti O'leum.  The volatile oil of the  leaves of
Melaleu'ca  Cajupu'ti,   Ord. Myrtaceae,  a native
of the Moluccas.   The oil has a strong, fragrant
smell, like camphor; taste pungent and  aromatic.
It is stimulant, and useful where the essential oils
in general are employed. It has also been called
Oil of Witneben, from  the person who  first dis-
tilled it.
  CAIK, Pleurodynia.
  CAIL-CEDRA, Swietenia Senegalensis.
  CAILLE, Tetrao coturnix.
  CAILLE, see Curd.
  CAILLEAU, Lantana.
  CAILLEROTTE, see Curd.
  CAILLE-LAIT,  Rennet — c. Blanc, Galium
mollugo—c. Vraie, Galium  verum.
  CAILLETTE, Abomasus.
  CAILLOT, Coagulura.
  CAINANiE RADIX, Caincae radix.
  CAIN'CJE RADIX, Radix Chiocoe'ca, R.
Cainn'na  seu Caninana seu Cahinca  seu  Ka-
hinca seu Serpenta'ria  Brazilien'sis, Guinea Root.
The bark of  the roots  of Chiococc'a anguif'uga
seu densifio'lia, and, perhaps, Ch. racemo'sa, a
plant of  the  Order Rubiaceae.   Sex. Syst.  Pen-
tandria  Monogynia,  of Linnaeus.   It  is bitter,
tonic, and diuretic, but has not been long intro-
duced.  Dose of the powder, from Qj to t^ss.
  Dr. John H. Griscom, of  New York,  considers
there is a remarkable analogy between  the Cain-
ca and the Apocynum cannabinum.
  CAINITO, Chrysophyllum Cainito.
  OAIPA SCIIORA.  A cucurbitaceous Malabar
plant, the fruit of which has a pyriform shape.
The juice is  drunk in that country for the pur-
pose of arresting hiccough.   The fruit,  when un-
ripe, is emetic.
  CAISSE, Case—c. du Tambour,  Tympanum—
c. du Tyrnpan, see Tympanum
  CAITCIIU, Catechu.
  CAJAN, Phaseolus creticus
  CA JUPUTI, Caieput.
  CAKES, WORM, STORY'S.  These were  com-
posed of cnlomel and jalap, made into cakes, and
coloured  with cinnabar.
  CALABASH-TREE,  NARROW-LEAVED,
Crescentia Cujete.
  CALADIUM ESCULENTUM, Arum esculen-
turn.
  Cala'dium Segui'num, Nat. Ord. Araceae.  A
plant of India, whose acrid juice has been given 
CALAF                 l-r)3              CALCENOS
there in gout and rheumatism, and as an anaphro-
disiac to women. The tincture has been prescribed
in pruritus vulvae. '
   CALAF,  Sa/ix JEgyptiaca.  A large-leaved
Egyptian willow, called, also, Ban.   The dis-
tilled  water of  the  flowers, called Mm-ahalef,
passes, in  that  country, for  an  excellent ant-
aphrodisiac   It  is also used as  an  antiloimic,
antiseptic,  and cordial.
   CALAGUALA, see Calagualae radix.
   CAEAGERI, Vernonia anthelmintica.
   C AE AG IRAII, Vernonia anthelmintica.
   CALAGUA'E/E RADIX,  Calagne'la  Radix.
The root of Polypo'dium Calagua'la seu adianti-
for'me seu coria'ceum  seu ainmifo'lium seu ar-
gen'teum seu ptrlitum, Aspid'ium  coria'ceum seu
ferrugiu'eiim seu dis'color;  Tecta'rin  calahuala
SJd  ferriigin'en,  Calaguala,  Calahuala.   Order,
Felices.  It has  been exhibited in Italy in dropsy,
pleurisy, contusions, abscesses,  Ac.  Its proper-
tics are not, however, clear.
   CALAHUALA, see Calagualae radix.
   CAEAMANDRINA, Teucrium  chamaedrys.
   CALAMBAC, Agallochum.
   CALAMBOUK, Agallochum.
   CALAME'DOX, from KaXapos, 'a reed.'  This
 word has had various significations.  Some have
 used it  for  an  oblique fracture of a  bone; the
 fractured portions having the  shape of the nib
 of a pen.  Others have used it for a longitudinal
 fracture ; and  others, again, for one that  is com-
 minuted.
   CALAMEXT, Melissa calamintha.
   CALAMI'NA,  Calamine,  from  calamus,  'a
 reed,' so  called  from  its reed-like appearance.
 Cadmla, C. lapido'sa aero'sa seu  fos'silis, Lapis
 Airo'sus, Lapis Calamina'ris, Calamina'ris, Oar'-
 bunas Zinci impu'rus, Cathmir,  (F.) Pierre cala-
 minaire. Native impure carbonate of zinc.  Cala-
 mine  is  chiefly used for pharmaceutical purposes
 in the form of  the  Calamina prjepara'ta (Ph.
 U. S.), Lapis Calamina'ris prapara'tns,  Car'bo-
 nas zinci  impu'rus  prapara'tns, Zinci car'bonas
 prapara'tns, Prepared Calamine :—Calamine re-
 duced to an impalpable powder by roasting and
 levigation.   In  this  state  it  is  sprinkled  or
 dusted on excoriated  parts, or to prevent exco-
 riation,  Ac
   CALAMINARIS, Calamina.
   CALAMINT, Melissa Calamintha—c Field,
 Melissa nepeta—c. Mountain, Melissa grandiflora
 —c. Spotted, Melissa, nepeta.
   CALAMINTA HUMILIOR, Glecoma  hede-

   CALAMINTHA, Melissa C —c Anglica, Me-
 lissa nepeta.—c  Erecta Virginiana, Cunila  Mari-
 nna — c  Hederacea,   Glechoma  hederacea — c.
 Ma.gno  flore, Melissa  grandiflora — c. Montana,
 Melissa grandiflora—c Nepeta, Melissa nepeta—
 c Parviflora, Melissa nepeta — c Pulegii odore,
 Melissa nepeta—c.  Trichotoma, Melissa nepeta.
    CAL'AMUS, KaXaiJos, 'the reed.'  In the Phar-
 macopoeia of the U.  S., the rhizoma of acorus
 calamus.
    Calamus Alexandri'nus.  Celsus has thus
 called a medicine,  which was  long confounded
 with  Calamus  Aromaticus.   It  is not  a root,
 however,  but the stalk of a plant of India and
 Egypt,  probably the  Andropo'gon Nardus.   It
 entered into the theriaca, and has been regarded
 as  antihysteric  and emmenagogue; — Calamus
 aromaticus rents.
   Calamus Aromaticus,  Acorus calamus — c.
 Aromaticus  verus, Calamus Alexandrinus— c.
 Draco, C. rotang—c. Indicus, see  Saccharum—c.
 Odoratus, Acorus calamus, Juncus odoratus.
   Calamus Rotang,  C. Draco.  Order,  Palmae.
 The systematic name of a plant, whence Dragon's
 Blood, Sanguis Draco'nis, Cinnab'aris Graco'rum,
Dracontha'ma, (F.) Sang-Dragon, is procured.  It
is the red, resinous juice, obtained, in India, from
wounding the bark of the Calamus Rotang. It has
been ur-ed as  an  astringent in hemorrhages, Ac;
but is now rarely employed.
  Calamus Scripto'riis, Anag'lyphe, 'a writing
pen,'  (F.) Fossette angnluire du  quatrieme  ven-
tricule.   A small, angular cavity,  situate at the
superior  extremity of the medulla, in the fourth
ventricle of the brain, which has been, by some,
supposed to resemble a pen.
  Calamus Vulgaris, Acorus calamus.
  CALAPPITE.  Rumphius has given this name
to calculous concretions, found in the interior of
certain cocoa-nuts.  The cocoa-tree itself the Ma-
lays call Calaprpa.   These stones are, likewise,
termed  Vegetable Bezoards.  The Malays attri-
bute  potent virtues  to  them, and wear them  as
amulets.
   CALASAYA, Cinchonae cordifoliae cortex.
   (ALBA LA, Cabal.
   CALBIA'NUM.   The name of a plaster  in
Myrepsus,  the composition of which we know
not.
   CALCADINUM, Ferri sulphas.
   CALCAIRE,  Calcareous.
   CALCA'NEAL,  Calca'neus,  from  calx,  'the
heel.'   Having  relation to the  calcaneum,  as
' calcaneal arteries.'
   CALCANEO-PHALANGTEN DU  PETIT
 ORTEIL, Abductor  minimi  digiti  pedis — c.
Phalanginien commun, Extensor brevis digitorum
pedis — c.  Sous-phalangettien  commun,   Flexor
brevis digitorum  pedis — c. Sous-Phalanginien
commun, Flexor brevis digitorum pedis—c. Sous-
 phalangien elu petit orteil, see Abductor  minimi
digiti pedis — c. Sus-phalangettien commun, Ex-
tensor brevis digitorum pedis.
   CALCA'NEUM, from calx, 'the heel.'  Calca'-
neus, Calcar,  Calcia, Ichnus, Os Calcis, Pterna,
Pter'nium.  The  largest of the tarsal bones: that
 which forms  the  heel.   It is situate at the poste-
rior and inferior  part of the foot; is articulated
 above and a  little anteriorly with the astragalus;
 anteriorly, also, with the os cuboides.  Its poste-
 rior surface— called Heel, Talus,  Calx. (F.) Ta-
 lon— gives attachment to the tendo-achillis : the
 lower has, posteriorly, two tuberosities, to which
 the superficial muscles of the sole of the foot are
 attached.  The small Apoph'ysis or lateral Apoprh-
 ysis  of the Calcilneu-m, (F.)  Petit Apophyse  OU
 Apophyse  latirale du Calcanium,  is a projection
 at the  upper surface of this  bone,  on  which is
 formed the posterior portion  of the  cavity that
 receives the astragalus.  The  great  Apoph'ysis,
 anterior Apoph'ysis of the Calca'neum, is the
 projection which  corresponds,  on one side, with
 the cuboides; and on the other forms the ante-
 rior  part of  the facette  which receives the astra-
 galus.
   CALCAR, Calcaneum, Ergot—c. Avis, Hippo-
 campus minor.
   CALCA'REOUS, Calca'reus, Calca'rius,  from
 calx, 'lime.'  (F.) Calcaire.  Containing lime :—
 as calcareous concretions, C. depositions, Ac.
   CALCAREUS CARBONAS, Creta.
   CALCARIA CHLORATA, Calcis chloridum—
 c Chlorica,  Calcis  chloridum — c Phosphorica,
 see Cornu cervi—c Pura, Calx—c. Pura  liquida,
 Liquor calcis.
   CALCARLE CHLORUM, Calcis chloridum.
   CALCATAR,  Ferri sulphas.
   CALCATREPPOLA, Centaurea calcitrapa.
   CALCE'NA,  CALCE'NON,  CALCENO'NIA,
 CALCINO'NIA.  Words employed  by  Paracel-
 sus to designate the concretions of tartrate of lime
 which form in the human body.
   CALCENOS, Calcetus. 
CALCEOLARIA
154
CALCULI
   CALCEOLA'RIA,  from  calceolus,  'a  small j
slipper;' Sli/iperwort.
   Calceola'ria Piumata is used in Peru as  a
laxative.
   Calceola'ria Trif'ida is esteemed to be febri-
fuge.
   CALOE'TUS,  Calceno'nius, Calce'nos.   That
which abounds in tartrate of lime.  An adjective
used  by Paracelsus  in  speaking of the  blood;
Sanguis calce'tus.  Hence came  the  expression,
Cai'cined blood, Sam; calcine.
   CALCEUM EQUINUM, Tussilago.
   CALCHOIDEA (OS), Cuneiform bone.
   CALCIA, Calcaneum.
   CALCIFEROUS  CANALS,  Canaliculi  calci-
feri.
   CALCIFICATION, see Cretefaction.
   CALCIGEROUS CELL, see Tooth.
   CALCIG'RADUS,  Pternob'ates,   from  calx,
' the heel,' and gradus, 'a step.'  One who walks
on his heels.
   CALCII  CHLORIDUM,  Calcis  murias —c
Chloruretum,  Calcis murias—c. Oxychloruretum,
Calcis chloridum — c Oxydum,  Calx viva — c.
Protochloruretum, Calcis chloridum—c Sulphu-
retum, Calcis sulphuretum.
   CALCINA'TION,  Ca/cina'tio,  Calclnon, Con-
crema'tio, from calx,  'lime.'  The act of submit-
ting to a strong heat any infusible mineral sub-
stance, which  we are desirous of depriving either
of its water, or  of any other volatilizable sub-
stance that enters into its composition ; or which
we wish to combine with  oxygen.  Alum is cal-
cined to get rid of its water of crystallization ;—
chalk, to reduce it to the state of pure lime, by
driving off the carbonic acid; and certain  metals
are subjected to this operation to oxidize them.
   CALCINATUM MAJUS  POTERII, Hydrar-
gyrum praecipitatum.
   CALCINONIA. Calcena.
   CALCIS  BICHLORURETUM, Calcis chlori-
dum— c Carbonas,  Creta — c Carbonas  durus,
Creta, Marmor—c Carbonas friabilis, Creta.
   Calcis   Car'bonas Pr^ecipita'tus,  Precip'-
itated Car'bouate of Lime, Precipitated  Chalk.
This preparation, introduced into the  last edition
of the Pharmacopoeia of the United States, is pre-
pared as follows: Liq. Calcii Chlorid. Ovss;  Soda
Carbnunt.ffrvj; Aqua destillat. q.  s. Dissolve the
carbonate of soda in six parts of distilled water ;
heat this and the solution of chloride  of calcium,
separately, to  the boiling point, and mix.   Wash
tine precipitate repeatedly with  distilled  water,
and  Iry on bibulous paper.  It has the same pro-
perties  is creta praeparata, and is preferred to it
in certain cases,—for example, as an ingredient in
tooth powders, owing to its freedom from gritty
particles.
   Calcis Chlo'ridum, Chlo'ride or Chlo'ruret or
Hypochlorite or Chlorite or Oxymu'riateofi Lime,
Calx  chlorina'ta  (Ph. U. S.) seu  Oxymurialica,
Protoxichlor'uret of  Calcium, Calca'ria  chlora'ta
seu Chlorica, Chlorum seu Chloretum Calca'ria,
Oxychlorure'tum  seu  Protochlorure'tum  Calcii,
Chlorurc'tiim  Oxidi   Calcii,  Bichlorure'titm seu
Oxymu'rias Calcis, Calcis Hypochlo'ris, Bleach-
ing or  Tennant's Powder,  (F.) Protoxich/orure
de  Calcium,  Chlorure   d Oxide  de  Calcium,
Chlorure ou Oxiehlorure ou Bichlorure ou Oxi-
mi.riate ou Muriate suroxigini ou  oxigini de
Chaux,  Pondre de  Blaneltement, P. de Tennant.
A  compound resulting from the action of chlorine
on hydrate of lime.   Chloride of lime is a most
valuable disinfecting agent, (see Disinfection,)
when dissolved in the proportion of one  pound to
six gallons of water.  It has likewise been em-
ployed both internally and externally in various
diseases, as in scrofula, foetor oris,  foul  ulcers,
Ac. Ac.
   Calcis IIepar,  Calcis sulphuretum — c By.
dras, see Calx—c Hypochloris, Calebs chloridum.
   Calcis Mu'RIAS, Muriate of Lime, Calx sali'ta,
Calcii Chlorure'turn sou Chlo'ridum, Chloride of
calcium, (F.)  Chlorure  de calcium, Muriate ou
Hydrochlorate de  Chaux.   This  salt  has  been
given, in solution, as a tonic, stimulant, Ac, in
scrofulous tumours, glandular  obstructions, u'ene-
ral  debility,  Ac.  A  Sobltio  Muria'tis  Calcis,
Liquor Calcis  Muria'tis, Solution of Muriate uf
Lime,  Liquid  Shell, may be formed of Muriate
of Lime, J^j : dissolved  in distilled water, f^iij.
The Liquor Cal'cii Ciilo'ridi or Solution of Chlo-
ride of  Calcium, of  the Pharmacopeia  of the
United States, is prepared as follows: — Marble,
in fragments,  ^ix. Muriatic acid,  Oj ;  Distilltd
water, a sufficient quantity.   Mix tbe acid  with
a half pint of  the water, and  gradually add the
marble.  Towards the close of the  effervescence
apply  a gentle heat,  and, when tbe action has
ceased, pour  off the clear liquor and evaporate to
dryness. Dissolve the residuum in its weight and
a half of distilled water, and filter.  Dose, from
gtt.  xxx to f 3.1. in  a cupful of water.
   Calcis  Oxymurias,   Calcis  chloridum—c.
Phosphas, see  Cornu cervi — c. Phosphas praeci-
pitatum, see  Cornu ustum.
   Calcis Sulphure'tum,  Calcii sulphure'turn,
Hcpar Calcis, Sulphuret of Lime, S.  of  Calcium,
Ht/drosnlphate of Lime, (F.)  Proto-hydrosiilfnte
de Calcium, Hydrosulfate de chaux.  Principally
used  in  solution, as a bath, in itch and other
cutaneous affections.
   CALCITEA, Ferri sulphas,
   CALCITEOSA, Plumbi oxydum semivitreum.
   CALCITHOS,  Cupri subacetas.
   CALCITRAPA,  Centaurea   Calcitrapa, Del-
phinium consolida — c llippophoestum, Centau-
rea calcitrapa—c. Stellata, Centaurea calcitrapa.
   CALCIUM,  CHLORIDE OP, Calcis nnirins-
c. Chlorure de,  Calcis murias—c Chlorure d'oxide
de, Calcis  chloridum — c.  Protoliydrosu/fate tie,
Calcis  sulphuretum — c.  Protoxichlorure de, Cal-
cis chloridum  — c  Ptotoxicbloruret of,  Calcis
chloridum—c Protoxide of, Calx — c. Sulphuret
of, Calcis sulphuretum.
   CALCO-SUBPIIALANGEUS  MINIMI  DI-
GITI,  Abductor minimi digiti pedis—c  Subpha-
langeus pollicis, Abductor pollicis pedis.
   CALCOCOS, Bell-metal.
   CALCOIDEA,  (ossicula.) Cuneiform bones.
   CALCOTAR, Ferri sulphas.
   CALCIIL,  Calculus.
   CALCULEUX, Calculous.
   CALCULI,  see  Calculus — c.  Articular,  see
Calculi, arthritic ; and Concretions, articular.
   Calculi, Alternating,  see Calculi, urinary.
   Calculi,  Arthiut'ic, Tophi, Tuber'cula  ar-
thrilica,  Calculi  arthril ici   seu  podia/Hei,
Chalk-stones,   Gout-stones,  Nodes, (F.)  Pierres
crayeuses, Calculs arthritiques,  Nivnds.   Concre-
tions, which  form in the ligaments, and within
the capsules of the joints, in persons affected with
gout.  They are composed  of uric acid, soda, and
a little animal  matter: very rarely, urate of lime
and  chloride of sodium  are  met with.   Similar
calculi are found  in other parts beside the joints.
  Cal'culi, Bil'iary, Calculi bilio'si seu fell'ei
seu  bilia'rii,  Biliary Concre'tions,  Call-stones,
Chololithus,  Cholelithus, (F.)   Calculs  biliaires,
Pierres an fid, Augichololithe,— Piorry.  Some
of these  contain all the materials of the  bile, and
seem to  be  nothing  more  than  that   secretion
thickened.   Several contain  Picromel; and the
greater part are composed of from 88 to 94 parts
of Cholestevin,  and  of from 6 to 12 of the yellow
matter of the bile.   Biliary calculi are most fre-
quently found in the gall-bladder : at other timed, 
CALCULI                155                 CALCULI
in the substance of the liver, in the branches of i
tbe Ductus hcpaticus, or in the Ductus Communis  j
Cholctlochns.  The first are called  Cystic; the
Beeond Hepatic ; and the last, sometimes, Hepa-
tocystic.  Tbe causes which give rise to them are I
v  ry obscure.  Often they  occasion  no uneasi-
ipws. and at other times  the symptoms may be
confounded with those of hepatitis.   At times,
they are rejected by the mouth, or by the bowels,
along with a considerable quantity  of bile, which
had accumulated-behind them;  at  other times
they occasion violent  abdominal inflammation,
nbs'es.-es, and biliary fistulae, rupture of the gall-
bladder, and fatal effusion  into  the peritoneum.
Tbe passage of a gall-stone is extremely painful;
yet tbe pulse is  not at fust  affected.  Antiphlo-
gistics, when there  is inflammatory  action, and
strong  doses of  opium,  to allay the  pain and
spasm, with the  warm bath, are the  chief reme-
dies.   Solvents   are not  to be depended upon.
They cannot reach the calculi.
   Calculi, Bone Earth, see Calculi, urinary—
 c Compound, see Calculi, urinary—c. Cystic, see
 Calculi, urinary.
   Cal'culi  of the Ears, (F.) Cnlculs de lOreille.
 Hard, light, and inflammable concretions, which
 occur  in the meatus auditorius externus, and are
 merely indurated cerumen.  They are a frequent
 cause  of deafness.  They can be  easily seen, and
 may  be extracted by appropriate  forceps, after
 having been  detached by injections of soap and
 water.
    Calculi Fellei, Calculi, biliary—c. Fusible,
 see Calculi,  urinary.
    Cal'culi,  Eacii'rvmal,  (F.)  Calculs  lacry-
 mau.e.   Concretions sometimes, but  rarely, form
 in the lachrymal  passages, where  they occasion
 abscesses  and  fistulae, which do not heal  until
 they are extracted.  No  analysis has been  made
 of them.
    Calculi,  Lithic, see Calculi, urinary.
   Cal'culi  of  the Mamm.<e, (F.)  Calculs des
 Mamelles.   Haller gives  a case of a concretion,
 of a yellowish-white colour, which had the shape
 of one  of the excretory  duets of the mammary
 gland,  having been extracted  from  an  abscess
 seated in that organ.
   Calculi,  Mulberry, see Calculi, urinary.
   Cal'culi  of  the Pan'creas,  (F.)  Calculs  du
 Pancreas.   These  are but  little known.   Ana-
 logy  has  induced a belief that  the}- resemble
 the salivary. Some have supposed that  certain
transparent   calculi, rejected  by  vomiting,  or
 pissed in the evacuations, have  proceeded from
 tbe pancreas, but there seems to be no reason for
this belief.
   Cal'culi op the Pine'al Gland, (F.)  Calculs
de la  Glande Piniale.   These have been fre-
quently met with.  No symptom announces their
presence during life.  They are  composed  of
phosphate of lime.
   Calculi Podagrici, Calculi, arthritic.
   Cal'culi of the Prostate, Pmstitt'ic calculi.
These are not very rare.   They  have  generally
the same  composition  as the preceding.   They
usually present  the symptoms common to every
tumefaction of the prostate, and sometimes  those
of calculi in the bladder.
   Cal'culi  Pui.'movauy,  (F.)   Calculs  pulmo-  j
noire*.   Those  concretions  are very frequently
met with in the dead body, without seeming to
have produced unpleasant symptoms during life.
At other times,  they  are accompanied with all
the symptoms of phthisis, Lithn-phthisis, Phthisic
ealciilcusc. of Bayle.  See  Litbiasis  pulmonum.
At times  they   are  expectorated  without  tbe i
supervention  of any unpleasant symptom.   They |
are usually formed of carbonate of lime and ani*
mal matter.
  Cal'culi, Sal'ivary, Calculi saliva'les,  Sia-
lolithi,  (F.)  Calculs  saliva ires.   Concretions,
usually formed of phosphate  of lime and animal
matter, which are developed in the  substance  of
the salivary glands or in  their excretory ducts.
In the first case, they may be mistaken  for a
simple swelling of the gland ; in the second,  they
may  generally be detected by the  touch.   They
may  be extracted  by incision in tbe  interior  of
the mouth.   The calculus developed in the sub-
lingual ducts has been called Calculus sublin-
gua'lis and Rnn'ula  lapide'a.
   Cal'culi,  Spermat'ic,  (F.) Calculs sperrna-
tiques.  These have been sometimes found in the
vesiculae seminales after death.  They cannot  I e
detected during  life.  No analysis has been made
of them.
   Cal'culi of the  Stomach  and Intes'tines,
Enterolithus, E. Calculus, Coprolithus, Concre-
tio'nes alvi'na,  (F.) Calculs  de Vestomac, C. in-
testinaux ou stercoraux, Pierres stercortt/es,  Con-
critions intestinales.   Calculi of the stomach are
rare, and have almost always been carried thither
by the antiperistaltic action of the intestines.  The
symptoms occasioned by them are those of chronic
gastritis.   It has been imagined  that the  con-
tinued use of absorb/ent powders,  as  magnesia,
will  give occasion  to them.
   Intestinal  concretions, (F.) Calculs intestinaux,
are not uncommon in animals (see Bezoard :)
but  they are rare in  man.  The  causes which
give rise to them are little known  : sometimes a
biliary calculus  affords them a nucleus.  Their
composition  varies.  They are light, hard,  very
fetid, and not inflammable.   They are formed,
ordinarily, between the valvulae of the small in-
testines,  or in the cells of the large, and some-
times  in  old herniae.   Whilst they do not ob-
struct the  passage of the alimentary mass,  they
produce no unpleasant symptoms.  At timos, the
movable  tumour which  they  form may be fe't
through  the parietes  of the  abdomen.  They are
generally evacuated per antim.                 ,
   Cal'culi of the Tonsils.  Calculous concre-
tions, which  sometimes form in the tonsils.  (F )
Calculs des Amyt/dales.   They are easily recog-
nised by the sight and touch : sometimes  they
are  discharged by spitting, either alone or  with
the  pus  of an abscess occasioned  by  their  pre-
sence.  They have not been analyzed.
   Calculi,  Triple,  see  Calculi,  urinary — c.
Uric, see Calculi, urinary.
   Ou/CULT,  U'RINARY,  Urol'ithi.  (F.)  Cnlculs
urinaires, Pierres  nrinnires.   Concretions which
form from the  crystallizable substances  in the
urine, and which  are met with not only in the
whole course of the urinary passages, but in fis-
tulous openings wherever the urine  stagnates
naturally or  accidentally.   Their  causes are but
little known.  They are more common at the two
extremities of life than at the middle, and more
so in some countries and districts than in others.
At times,  a  clot of blood, a portion  of mucus,
Ac,  form the nucleus.  The symptoms and treat-
ment vary according to the seat of the calculus.
There is  no  such thing probably  as  a medical
solvent.   See Urinary Calculi.
   Chymists  have  demonstrated   the  exist-
ence  of  several components  of urinary calculi,
\-\i.,   Lithic  Acid, Phosphate  of  Lime, Ammo-
niaeo-JIngnesian Phosphate,  Oxalate  of Lime,
Cystic  Oxide,  and  Xanthic  Oxide, with  an
animal cementing ingredient.  The varieties  of
calculi, produced  by the  combination or inter-
mixture of these ingredients, are thus represented
by Dr. Paris. 
CALCULIFRAGUS
156
CALC UL S BIL1A III ES
A TABULAR  VIEW  OF DIFFERENT SPECIES OF  URINARY CALCULI.
SPECIES OF CAL-CULI.	EXTERNAL CHARACTERS.	CHYMICAL COMPOSITION.	REMARKS.
1. lithic or URIC.	Form, a flattened oval. S. G. generally exceeds 1,500. Colour, brownish or fawn-like. Surface, smooth. Texture, laminated.	It consists principally of Lithic Jicid. When treated with nitric acid, a beautiful pink substance results. This calculus is slightly soluble in water, abundantly so in the pure alkalies.	It is the prevailing species ; but the sulfate sometimes occurs fine lv tuberculated It fre-quently constitutes the nuclei of the other spe-cie's.
2. MULBERRY, (F.i Calculs muruux.	Colour, dark brown. Texture, harder than that of the other species. S. G from 1.428 to 1.976. Surface, studded with tubercles.	It is oxalate of lime, and is de-composed in the flame of a spirit lamp swelling out into a white efflorescence, which is quick-lime.	This species includes some varieties, which are remarkably smooth and pale-coloured, re-semhlinsr hempserd.
3. BONE EARTH	Co/our, pale brown or gray; surface, smooth and polished ; structure, regularly laminated ; the lamina; easily separating into concrete crusts.	Principally phosphate of lime. It is soluble in muriatic acid.	
4. TRIPLE.	Colour, generally brilliant white. Surface, uneven, studded with shining crystals, less coin-pact than the preceding species. Between its lamina; small cells occur, filled with sparkling par-ticles.	It is an ummoiiiaco-magnesian phosphate, generally mixed with phosphate of lime. Pure alka-lies decompose it, extracting its ammonia.	This species attains a larger size than any of the others.
5. FDSlBLE.	Colour, grayish white.	A compound of the two fore-going species.	It is very fusible, melting into a vitreous glohnle
6. CYSTIC	Very like the triple calculus, but it is unsiratificd and more compact and homogenous.	It consists of cystic oxii/e. Un-der the blowpipe it yields a pe-culiarly fetid odour. It is solu-ble in acids, and in alkalies. even if they are fully saturated with carbonic acid.	It is a rare species.
7. ALTERNA-TING.	Its section exhibits different concentric laminte.	Compounded of several spe-cies, alternating with each other.	
8. COMPOUND.	No characteristic form.	The ingredients are separable only by chymical analysis.	
  1. Renal Calculi, (F.) Calculs rinaux.   These
have  almost  always  a very  irregular  shape:
Kt times,  there  is  no  indication  of  their pre-
sence : at others, they occasion attacks of pain
in  the  kidneys,  sometimes accompanied with
bloody or  turbid  urine.   Often, they  cause  in-
flammation of the kidneys, with all its unplea-
sant results.   They are generally formed of uric
acid,  animal  matter,  and oxalate  of lime, with,
sometimes, phosphates. The treatment will have
to vary, according to the absence or presence of
inflammatory signs, — relieving the irritation  by
opiates.  A surgical  operation  can  rarely be ap-
plicable.
  2.  Cnlculi  of  the  Ureters,  (F.) Calculs des
Uriteres.   These come from the kidneys, and do
not produce  unpleasant effects, unless they are
fo large as to obstruct the course of the urine,
atid to  occasion  distension of the  whole  of the
ureters above them :  or unless  their surface is so
rough as  to  irritate the mucous membrane, and
occasion pain, hemorrhage,  abscesses, &c.  The
pain, during  the passage, is very violent, extend-
ing, at  times, to the  testicle of the  same  side
in the male:  and occasioning a numbness of  the
thigh in both sexes.  The treatment consists in
general or local blood-letting, warm bath, and
opiates.
  3.  Cnlculi,  Vesical ;  Stone  in  the Bladder,
Lith'ia  Vesica'lis, Lithi'asis cys'tica seu vesica'lis,
Ci/sto-lithr'asis, Dysu'ria cnlcnlo'sa seu irrita'ta,
Calculus  vesica,  (F.)  Calculs visicaux..   These
are the most  common.  Sometimes, they proceed
from  the kidneys:  most  commonly,  they are
formed in the bladder itself.  Sense of weight in
the perinaeum, and sometimes of a body rolling
when the patient changes  his  position; pain or
itching  at the extremity of the glans in men;
frequent desire to pass the  urine;  sudden stop-
page  to its flow; and  bloody urine—are the chief
signs which induce a suspicion of their existence.
We cannot, however, be certain  of this without
sounding  the patient.   Sometimes,  when  of a
small size, they are expelled : most commonly,
they remain  in the bladder, the  disorganization
of which they occasion, unless removed  by a sur-
gical operation.
  4. Calculi, Ure'thral.  These almost always pro-
ceed from  the bladder.  The obstruction, which
they cause to the  passage of the  urine, the hard
tumour, and the noise occasioned when struck
by  a sound, indicate their  presence.   They are
removed by incision.
  5. Calculi of Fis'tulous passages.   These  arise
when there  is some fistulous opening into the
urethra.   They can be readily recognised, and
may generally be  extracted with facility.  (F.)
Calculs places hors des voies urinaires.  See Uri-
nary Calculi.
   Cal'culi  of  the U'terus,  (F.)  Calculs  de
VUtirus.  These are very rare. The signs, which
indicate  them during life,  are those of chronic
engorgement of the uterus.   Their existence, con-
sequently, cannot be proved till after death.
   CALCULIFRACtUS. Litbontriptic.
   CALCULOUS, (F.) Calculeux, Graveleux.
That which relates to calculi, especially to those
of the bladder.
   Calculous Oxyd. Oxyd,  cystic.
   CALCULS (F.), pi.  of Cnlenl, a calculus.
   CALCULS BILL AT RES,  Calculi,  biliary —
c. de I'Estomac, Calculi of the stomach—c. de In
Glnnde Piniale, Calculi of the pineal gland— <\
Intestinaux, Calculi of the stomach and intestines
— c. Lacrymaux,  Calculi, lachrymal — c. des Mn-
melles.  Calculi of  the mammas —c. Muranx, see
Calculi,  urinary — c. de I Oreille,  Calculi in the
ears—c^ du Pancrias, Calculi  of the  Pancreas—
c. Placis hors des  voies urinaires. Calculi of fis-
tulous passages—c. Pulmonaires,  Calculi, pulmo- 
CALCULUS               157         C ALLIBLEPH ARUM
n,nr-vTr"  Jifnnux> Calculi, renal — c. Salivaires,
Calculi, salivary—c. Spermatiques, Calculi, sper-
matic—c.  Slercoraux, see Calculi of the stomach
and intestines—c. Urinaires, Calculi, urinary—c.
des Uiite.res, Calculi of the ureters — c. de I'Uti-
rus, Calculi of the uterus — c. Visicaux, Calculi,
vesical.
  CAL'CULUS,  Lapis, Lithos.  A  diminutive
of calx,  a   lime-stone.  (F.)  Calcul,  Pierre.
Calculi arc concretions, which may form in every
part of the animal body, but are most frequently
found in the organs that act as reservoirs, and in
the excretory canals.  They  are met with  in the
tonsils, joints,  biliary ducts, digestive passages,
lachrymal ducts, mammae, pancreas, pineal gland,
prostate, lungs, salivary, spermatic and urinary
passages,  and in  the uterus.  The causes  which
give rise to them  arc obscure.
   Those that occur in reservoirs or ducts are
supposed  to  be owing  to the deposition of the
substances, which compose them, from  the fluid
as it passes  along  the duct; and  those  which
occur in the substance of an organ are  regarded
as the product of some chronic irritation.  Their
general effect is to irritate, as extraneous bodies,
the parts with which they are in contact; and to
produce retention of the fluid, whence they have
been formed.   The symptoms differ, according to
the sensibility of the organ and the  importance
of the particular secretion whose discharge they
impede.   Their solution is  generally impracti-
cable : spontaneous  expulsion or extraction is the
only way  of getting rid of them.
   Calculus  Bezoar, Bezoard — c.  Dentalis,
Odontolithus — c. Encysted,  Calcul chatonne — c.
Sublingualis,  see Calculi,  salivary — c.  Vesicae,
Calculus,  vesical.
   CALDAS, WATERS OF.  Caldas is a small
town, ten  leagues from Lisbon, where are mineral
springs, containing carbonic and hydrosulphuric
acid gases, carbonates and muriates  of lime and
magnesia, sulphates of soda  and  lime, sulphuret
of iron, silica, and  alumina.  They are  much
used in atonic gout.  They are thermal.  Tem-
perature 93° Fahrenheit.
   CALDE'RLE  ITAL'ICiE,  Warm baths  in
the  neighbourhood of  Ferrara, in Italy,  much
employed in dysuria.
   CALEBASSES,  Cucurbita lagenaria.
   CALEDO'NIA SPRINGS.  These are in  Penn-
sylvania,  fifteen miles from Chambersburg.  The
waters are pure;  temperature 52° Fahr.
   Caledonia  Springs, see  Canada,   mineral
Waters of.
   CALEFA'CIENTS, Calefiacien'tia, Thermarl-
tica, from calidus, 'warm,' and facio, 'I make.'
(F.) Eehanffants.  Substances which excite a de-
gree of warmth in  the part to  which  they are
applied, as  mustard, pepper, &c.  They belong
to the class  of stimulants.
   CALEFACTIO, Echauffement.
   CALENDULA ALPINA, Arnica montana.
   Calen'dula Arves'sis, Caltha Arven'sis seu
officina'lis,   Wild  Mar'igold, (F.)  Souci  des
Champs.   Order,  Composita?.  This  is,  some-
times, preferred to the next.^ Its juice  has been
given, in the dose of from  f'5J to f^iv, in jaun-
dice and cachexia.
   Cai.en'dula Officina'lis, C.  Sati'va,  Chry-
santhemum, Sponsa so/is,  Caltha vulga'ris; Ver-
ruca'rin,  Single  or Garden Mar'igold,  (Prov.)
Golding, (P.)  Souci, S. ordinaire.  Fleur de tons
les moi's.  Family, Synantherese, Syngenesia ne-
cessaria, Linn.  So  called from flowering  every
calend.  The flowers and  leaves have been exhi-
bited as aperients,  diaphoretics,  &c, and  have
been highly extolled in cancer.
  CALENDULA  MARTIALES, Ferrum  am-
moniatum.
  CALENTU'RA, Calenture, from calere, 'to be
warm.'  The word, in Spanish, signifies fever.  A
species of furious  delirium to which  sailors are
subject in the torrid zone:—a kind of phrenitis,
the attack of which comes on suddenly after a
broiling day, and seems to be characterized by a
desire in the  patient  to throw himself into the
sea.  It is only a variety of phrenitis.
  Calentura Continua, Synocha.
  CALENTU'RAS; Palo de Calentu'ras. Pomet
and Lemery say, that these words are sometimes
applied  to cinchona.   Cainelli  says, they mean,
also, a tree of the Philippine  Isles, tbe wood of
which is  bitter and febrifuge.
  CALF KNEE, Entogonyancon—c. of the Leg,
Sura.
  CALICE, Calix.
  C ALICES REX ALES, see Calix.
  CALICO  BUSH, Kalmia latifolia.
  CALIDARIUM, see Stove.
  CALIDUM ANIMALE, Animal heat —c. In-
natum, Animal heat.
  CALIFOR'NIA, MINERAL WATERS  OF.
Several  mineral springs exist  in California, near
40° N. Lat. and 40£° longitude west of Wash-
ington, directly upon the California trail, leading
from the sink of Humboldt  river to  Pyramid
lake.  Their temperature varies  from cold to
almost boiling.  They ebb and flow at irregular
intervals;  have not  been  analyzed;  but some
have the taste of a strong solution of sulphate of
magnesia.   They have had the singular effect of
inducing blcnnorrhceal  symptoms, both in man
and animals.
  CALIGATIO, Dazzling.
  CALI'GO.  'A mist.'  Achlys, (F.) Brouillard.
An obscurity of vision, dependent upon a speck
on the cornea: also, the speck  itself;  Ca/i-go cor'-
nea seu  d Nephel'io seu d Leuco'mate, Mac'ula
cornea seu semijiellu'cida, Phthttrma caligo,  Ile-
betu'do visds,  Neb'u/a,  Opake  cornea,  W.b-eye,
Web, Pin-and-Web, (F.) Nonage  de  la Cornie,
Taie ou Taye, Obscurcissement de la vue, Akira-
todiaphanie,—Piorry.
  Caligo Lentis, Cataract — c. Pupilla?,  Syne-
zisis— c.  Synizesis, Synezisis — c. Tenebrarum,
Hemeralopia.
  CALIHACIIA CANELLA,  Laurus cassia.
  CALISAYA BARK, Cinchona cordifoliae  cor-
tex.
  CALISTHEN'ICS,  Callistherlics, CaUstheni'a,
Callistheni'a, (P.) Callisthinie, from KaXos, 'beau-
tiful, and adevos, 'strength.'  The art of promoting,
by appropriate exercises, strength of body,  and
grace of movements.
  CALIX, Calyx, Iufundib'ulurn, from KaXvi;, 'a
cup,'  'a  flower cup.'   (F.)  Col ice,  Entonnoir.
Anatomists have given  this name to  small cup-
like  membranous  canals,  which  surround  the
papillae of the kidney, and open into its pelvis,
whither they convey the urine :—Calices rena'les,
Cylind'ri  membrana'cei Renum, Fis'tula nre'te-
rum renum,  Canutes membra'nei Renum, Tn'buli
pelvis renum.  Their number varies from 6 to 12
in each kidney.
  Calix  Vomitoria, Goblet, emetic.
  CALLA PALUS'TRIS, Water Arum; indige-
nous.   Ord. Araceas: has similar virtues to those
of the Arums.
  Calla Yirginica, Peltandra Yirginica.
  CALLEUX, Callous.
  CALLIBLEPH'ARUM, from koXXos, 'beauty,5
and (iXttpapov,  'eyelid.'  A remedy for beautify-
ing the eyelids. 
CALLICANTIIUS            15
  CALLICANTHUS, Calycanthus.
  CALLICAR'PA AMERICA'NA, French Mul-
berry; indigenous.   Order,  Yerbenaeeae.   Used
as a eutrophic in cutaneous diseases.   Said to be
useful in dropsy.
  CALLICOCCA  IPECACUANHA,  Ipecacu-
anha.
  CALLICREAS, Pancreas.
  CALLIOM ARCHES, Tussilago.
  CALEIP-E'DIA, from  koXXos, 'beauty,'  and
nats, ratios, 'a child.'  The art of begetting beau-
tiful  children.  This was tbe title of a poem by
Claude Quillet, in lt')55 ; "Onllipadia sive de pul-
chra prolis habenda ratione."  The  author ab-
surdly supposes, that the  beauty of children  is
affected by the sensations  which the mother ex-
periences during her pregnancy.
  CALLIPERS OF BAUDELOCQUE, see Pel-
vimeter.
  CALLIPESTRIA, Cosmetics.
  C ALLIPIIYLLUM, Asplenium trichoma-
noides.
  CALLIP'YGOS,  from  koXXos, 'beauty,'  and
Ttvyv, 'buttocks.'   A cognomen of Yenus, owing
to her beautiful nates.
  CALLISTHENICS,  Calisthenics.
  CALLITRICHE AQUATICA, C. Verna—c.
Heterophylla,  C.  Verna—- c. Intermedia,   C.
Verna.
  Cai.lit'riche Verna, (koXos,  'beautiful,' and
Spi?, rein's, 'hair,'from its  capillary and tufted
stems,)  C.  aqualica seu interme'dia seu hetero-
phylla,  Witter chickweed, Water starwort: indi-
genous ;  Order,  Callitrichaceae ; is diuretic, and
used in dropsy, in the  form  of tincture or of de-
coction.
  CAL'LITRIS ECKLO'NI.   A South  African
tree, Ord. Coniferae, from the branches and cones
of which a  gum  exudes, that  resembles  Gum
Sandarac.   This is successfully used in the form
of fumigations in  gout, rheumatism, cedematous
swellings. &c.
  Callitris Cupressoides, a common shrub  in
the neighbourhood of Cape Town, exudes a simi-
lar substance.
  CALLOSITAS, Induration —c. Palpebrarum,
Scleriasis—c. Vesicae, Cystauxe.
  CALLOSTTY, Callos'itas, Scyros, Tyle, Tylus,
 Tylo'ma, Tylo'sis, Dermatosclcro'sis, Dermatoty-
lo'ma, Dermatotylo'sis, Dermatolylus, Poms, Ec-
phy'ma Callus.  Hardness, induration, and thick-
ness of the skin,  which assumes a horny  consist-
ence  in  places where  it is  exposed  to  constant
pressure.   (F.) Durillon.  Also the  induration,
which is observed in old wounds, old ulcers, fis-
tulous passages, &c.
  CALLOUS, Callo'sus, Ochtho'des, from callus,
'hardness.'  (F.)  Calleux.  That which  is hard
or indurated.  A Callous Ulcer is one whose edges
are thick and indurated.
  CALLUNA ERICA, Erica vulgaris —c. Vul-
garis, Erica vulgaris.
  CALLUS, Calus, Callum,  Ostealylus, (F.) Cal.
The bony  matter, thrown  out between the frac-
tured extremities of a bone, which acts  as a ce-
ment, and  as a new bony formation.   The words
are, likewise, used occasionally in the same sense
as Callosity.
  Callus,  Provisional.  When the shaft of a
long bone has been broken through, and the  ex-
tremities have been brought in exact juxtaposi-
tion, the new matter, first ossified, is that which
occupies the central portion of the deposit, and
thus connects the medullary cavities of the broken
ends, forming a kind of plug,  which enters each.
This  was termed by M.  Dupuytren  the provi-
sional Callus.
8               CALUMBA

  CALMANTS, Sedatives.
  CA LME, (F.)  Tbe interval that separates ibe
paroxysms of an acute or chronic disease.  When
the type is intermittent, the word intermission is
used.
  CALOMBA, Calumba.
  CAL'OMEL, from  koXos,  'good,'and ptXas,
'black.'   A term, formerly applied  to  jRthiopa
mineral.   By some, the  mild chloride of mercury
is  said to have been so called by Sir Theodore
Turquet de Mayerne, in consequence of its having
been prepared  by a  favourite  black  servant, or,
according to others, because it was a good remedy
for black,  bile.   It is now applied  to the mild
chloride of mercury only.  See Hydrargyri sub-
murias.
  CALOMEL  STOOLS.  A term applied  to the
green,  spinach-like,  evacuations occasioned by
the internal use of the mild chloride  of mercury.
  CALOMEL'ANOS TURQUE'TI,  Hydrargyri
submurias.  A  name, also, given  by  Hi verbis to
purgative  pills, prepared with calomel,  sulphur,
and resin  of jalap.—Dictionaries.
  CALOMELAS, Hydrargyri submurias.
  CALO'NIA,  KaXorvta.   An  epithet formerly
given to myrrh.—Hippocrates.   See  Myrrha.
  CALOPHYLLUM INOPIIYLLUM,  see  Fa-
gara octandra,
  CALOR, Heat — c. Animalis,  Animal heat —
c.  Nativus, Animal heat.
  CALORICITE, (F.) Caloric'Utas.  The faculty
possessed  by living bodies of generating a suffi-
cient quantity of caloric to enable them to resist
atmospheric cold, and  to preserve, at all times
and  in every part, a temperature nearly  equal.
See Animal Heat.
  CALORIFA'CIENT,   Calorif'iant, Calorifa'-
ciens, Calorifi'ans: from color, 'heat,' and facer-e,
'to make.'  Having the  power of producing heat.
Relating to the power of producing heat.
  CALORIFICA'TION, Calorificu'tio, from en-
lor, 'heat,' and fieri,  'to be made.' The function
of producing animal heat.
   CALORINESES, from  calor, 'heat.'   The
name under which M.  Baumes  proposes  to ar-
range  all diseases  characterized by a sensible
change in the quantity of animal heat.   Tbe Ca-
lor-ineses form the first class of his Nosology.
  CALOTROPIS GIGANTEA,  Mudar—e". Mu-
darii, Mudar.
   CALOTTE, (F.) Pile'olum.  Anatomists some-
times  give the  name,  Calotte aponivrotique, to
the aponeurosis of the occipito-frontalis tnuscie,
which  covers  it externally; and that of Calotte
du crane to the scull-cap.
   Calotte  is also applied to an adhesive plaster,
with which the head of a person  labouring under
tinea capitis is sometimes covered, after the hair
has been  shaved off.  This plaster is pulled sud-
denly and violently off, in order to  remove the
bulbs of the hair.  It means, also, a sort of coil
made of boiled leather, worn by those who have
undergone the operation of trepanning, Ac.
   CALOTTE D'ASSURANCE, Condom.
   CALTHA ALPINA,  Arnica montana—c Ar-
vensis, Calendula arvensis—c. Marsh, C.  Palus-
tris—c. Officinalis, Calendula arvensis.
   Caltha Palus'tris,  Marsh Mar'igold,  Mu-r-sh
Caltha, Cowslips.  Order,  Ranunculaceuj  : indi-
genous.  A  syrup prepared from it  is a popular
cough  remedy.
   Caltha Vulgaris, Calendula  officinalis.
   CALTROPS, see Trapa natans.
  CALUM'BA,  Colom'bo,  Calom'ba,  Colom'ba,
(Ph. U. S.); Columbo, Radix Columba, (P.) Ca-
lumbe  ou  Columbe.   The  root of Mcnisper'mum 
CALUS
159
CAMPHENE
palnultum,  Coe'eubts palma'tus.  Order, Meni-
spermaceae:  indigenous  in  Mozambique.   Its
odour is slightly  aromatic;  taste  unpleasantly
bitter.  It is tonic and antiseptic.  Dose, gr. 10
to ",] in powder.
  (alumba, American,  Erase'ra  Walter!  seu
Caroline a'sis  seu  Officina'lis  seu  verticil lata,
Swer'tia elifform'is  seu Erase'ra,  American or
Mariet'ta Col umbo, Indian Lettuce, Yellow  Gen-
tian, Uolden Seal, Meadow pride, Pyr'amid.   The
root Prase'ra  (Ph. U.  S.) is  used  in the same
cases us tbe true Calumba.
  CALLS, Callus.
  CALVA,  Cranium.
  Calva, Calca'ria.   The cranium ; the  upper
part especially; the  skull-cap;—the Vault of the
 Cranium, Cam'era.
   CALVARIA, Cranium.
   CALVA'TA FERRAMEN'TA.   Surgical in-
 struments,  which have a head or button.
   CALVIT'IES,  Calvifiiim, Phalacra, Phala-
 cro'sis, Clabril'ies,  Ophi'asis,  Depila'tio Cap'-
 itis, Phalacro'ma, Madaro'sis,Lipsotrich'ia, Bald-
 ness, (Old Eng.) Balletlnesse, Calvity, &c, from
 calms, 'bald,'(F.) Galvitie,  Chauccte.   Absence
 of  hair, particularly at the  top of, and behind,
 tbe head.
   Cai,vit"ies Palpebrarum is loss of the eye-
 lashes.
   CAEYUS,  Athrix.
   CALX,  Lime, Ca'rium Terra, Protox'ide of
 Calcium, Calca'ria pura, (F.) Chaux.   Tbe lime,
 employed  in  pharmacy, should be recently pre-
 pared by calcination.  When water is  sprinkled
 over caustic  lime, we  have  slaked lime, hydrate
 0f nmet—the Calcis Hydras of the London phar-
 macopoeia.
   Calx, see Calcaneum — c. Bismuthi,  Bismuth,
 subnitrate of—c. Chlorinata, Calcis chloridum—
 c.  Cum kali puro, Potassa cum calce — c. Salita,
 Calcis murias — c.   Oxymuriatica,  Calcis  chlo-
 ridum.
    Calx  e  Testis;  lime prepared from  shells.
 It  has probably no medicinal advantages  over
 that prepared from  marble.
    Calx Viva, C. recens seu usta, Calx et  Calx
 viva,  Ox'idum Calcii,  Fumans nix,  Lime  or
  Quicklime, (P.) Chaux vice.  The  external  ope-
  ration of calx viva is escharotie, but it is rarely
  used.  Lime is a good disinfecting agent.   It is
  employed internally in the form of Liquor Calcis.
    CALYCANT1EUS,  C. Flor'idus, Callican'thns,
  [?] Carolina Allspice, Sweet-scented shrub, Sweet
  shrub, from  calyx,  'a flower-cup,' and avQos, 'a
  flower.'  An indigenous plant; Order, Calycan-
  thaceiv ; with purplish flowers, of strong, agree-
  able odour, which  appear from March to June.
  The root is possessed of emetic properties.
    C A LYPTR A NTHES CARYOPH YLLATA,
  Myrt.us caryophyllata.
    CALYSTEGIA SEPIUM, Convolvulus sepium
  —c. Soldanella, Convolvulus soldanella.
    CALYX, Calix.
    CA.MARA, Calva.
    CAMAREZ, MINERAL WATERS  OF.  Ca-
  marez is a small canton near Sylvanes, in the
  department of Avcyron, France, where there are
  acidulous  chalybeates.
    CAMARO'STS,  Cnnmro'ma, from  sapapa, 'a
  vault,' Camera'tio. Testndina'tio Cra'nii. A.spe-
  cies of fracture of the  skull — cam'erated  firac-
  tare__in which the fragments are placed so as to
  form a vault, with its base resting on tbe dura
  mater. —Galen, Paulus of-Egina.
    C vMUIE-LEAF, Nymphioa alba et lutea.
    CAMBINC  A tree of  the Molucca Islands,
  from the bark of which a kind of gum-resin ex-
udes, which has been highly extolled in dysen-
tery.  It appears to have some resemblance to
the simarouba—Rumphius.
  CAMBIUM,  ' Exchange.'   A name formerly
given to a  fancied  nutritive  juice, which  was
supposed to originate in the blood,  to repair the
losses of every organ, and produce their increase.
—Sennertus.
  CAMBO,  MINERAL WATERS  OF.  A vil-
lage in  the department  of  Basses Pyrenees,
France, where there are two  mineral  springs;
the one an  acidulous chalybeate, the other sul-
phureous.  Temperature, 02° to 69° Fahrenheit.
  CAMBODIA, Cambogia.
  CAMBO'GIA, from Cambodia, in  the  East In-
dies, where it is  obtained.  Hence,  likewise, its
names Cambo'dia, Cumbo'ginm, Gambo'gia,  Gum-
bo' gi um,Gambil gi um,Gambol dia. It is called.also,
Gutta, Gutta gambit seu Gamnndra,Gummi (lutta,
Catagau'na, Cattitgailma, Chry'sopus, Laxatlvvs
hid'icus, Gummi Bo'gia seu gamarldra seu de Goa
seu de  Jemu seu  ad Pod'agram, Chitta jemoco,
Camboge  or Gamboge, (F.)  Gorume  Gutte.  Ord.
Guttiferae.  A yellow juice obtained  from Hebra-
dendron Cnmluigioi'des, and other plants of the
natural family  (iuttiferae, but it is not known
from which of them  the officinal camboge is ob-
tained.   It is  inodorous, of an  orange yellow
colour; opake and brittle; fracture, glassy; is  a
drastic  cathartic, emetic and  anthelmintic; and
is used  in visceral  obstructions and dropsy, and
wherever powerful  hydragogue cathartics are re-
quired.  Dose from gr. ij  to vi, in powder, united
with  calomel, squill, &c.
   Cambogia Gutta, Garcinia cambogia.
   CAMBU'CA, Cambtic'ca  mem bra'ta.   Buboes
and venereal ulcers, seated in  the  groin or near
the genital  organs.—Paracelsus.  See Bubo.
   CAMELEE, Cneorum tricoccum.
   CAMERA, Chamber, Fornix, Vault—c. Cordis,
Pericardium—c.  Oculi, Chamber of the eye.
   CAMERATIO, Camarosis.
   CAMFOROSMA, Camphorosma.
   CAMINGA, Canella alba.
   CAMISIA FtETUS, Chorion.
    CAMISOLE, Waistcoat, strait.
   CAMMARUS, Crab.
    CAMOMILLE FETIDE, Anthemis cotula—
 c. Puante, Anthemis cotula—c. Romaine, Anthe-
 mis nobilis—c. des Teinturiers, Anthemis tincto-
 ria—c. Vulgaire, Matricaria chamomilla.
   CAMOSIERS, WATERS OF.    Camosiers  is
 a canton, two leagues from  Marseilles, where are
 two  springs containing  carbonate  of lime, sul-
 phur, chloride of sodium, &c.   They are purga-
 tive, and used in skin complaints.
    CAMOTES, Convolvulus batatas.
    CAMPAGNE,   MINERAL  WATERS  OP.
 Campagne is in the department of Aude, France.
 The  waters contain  sulphate and chlorohydrate
 of magnesia.   Temperature, 80° Fahrenheit.
    CAMPAN'ULA.  Diminutive of campana,  a
 bell.
    Campanula  Trache'liim, Canterbury Bell  or
  Throaticort, was formerly used, in  decoction,  in
 relaxation of the fauces.  It is, also, called Cer-
 vica'ria.
    CAMPE, Flexion.
    CAMPHENE.  The radical of camphor, which,
 according  to Dumas, consists of camphene and
 one  equivalent of oxygen.   Camphene or cam-
  phine  is  represented by pure oil  of turpentine,
  That whioh is used for burning in  lamps, and is
  occasionally  employed therapeutically, is  oil  of
  turpentine purified by distillation from a solution
  of caustic potassa. 
CAMPHIRE              16
  CAMPIIIRE, Camphor.
  CAMPHOR,  from Arab.  Ca'phur  or Karrl-
phitr,  Cam'phora, Caphura,  Cajfa, Caf, Cafttr,
Caphora,  Aha for,   Camphire,  (F.)   Cnmphre.
A  concrete  substance, prepared, by distillation,
from Laurus Cam'phora, Per'sea Canlfora,  Cam-
phora officinarum, an indigenous tree  of the East
Indies.  Order, LaurineiB.  Its odour is strong
and fragrant:  it  is  volatile, not easily pulveriza-
ble;  te°xture  crystalline.   Soluble in alcohol,
ether, oils, vinegar, and slightly so in  water.  Its
properties are  narcotic, diaphoretic, and sedative.
Dose,  gr. v  to  £)j.  Dissolved in oil or alcohol, it
is  applied externally in rheumatic pains, bruises,
Sprains, Ac.
   Camphor Water, Mistura Camphorae.
   CAMPHORA'CEOUS,  Camphora'ceus.   Rela-
ting to or containing camphor;—as a ' camphor-
aceous smell or remedy.'
   CAMPHORATA  HIRSUTA, and C.  MON-
SPELIEXSIUM, Camphorosma Monspeliaca.
   CAMPH'ORATED, Camphora'tits,  (F.)  Cam-
phri.  Relating to  camphor; containing cam-
phor ; as a camphorated  smell, a camphorated
draught.
   CAMPHOROS'MA MONSPELIACA,  C.  Pe-
ren'nis, from Camphor, and ooprj, 'odour.' Sela'go,
 Camphora'ta hirsu'ta seu Monspelien'sium, Hairy
 Camphoros'ma,  (F.) Camphrie de Montpellier.
 Order, Chenopodiaceae.   Sex. Syst. Tetrandria
 Monogynia.  This plant, as its name imports, has
 an odour of camphor.  It is regarded as diuretic.
 diaphoretic, cephalic, antispasmodic,  Ac.   It is
 also  called Chamapeu'ce  and  Stinking Ground
 Pine.
   Camphorosma Perennis, C. Monspeliaca.
   CAMPHRE,  Camphor.
   CAMPHRE,  Camphorated.
   CAMPHREE DE MONTPELLIER, Cam-
 phorosma Monspeliaca.
   CAMPION, ROSE, Lychnis githago.
   CAMPOMANE'SIA  LINEATIFO'LIA.   A
 tree, twenty to thirty feet  high, which grows in
 Peru, and  whose fruit—palillo—of a bright yel-
 low colour, and as large as a moderate-sized apple,
 has  an  exceedingly agreeable scent, and  is  one
 of the ingredients  in making the perfumed water
 called mistura.—Tschudi.
    CAMPSIS, Flex'io, Curvn'tio, Inflex'io.  Bone
 or cartilage, forcibly bent from its proper shape,
 without breaking.—Good.
    Campsis Depressio, Depression.
    CAMPYLOR'RHACHIS; from KapitvXos,
  ' crooked,' and  paxts,  ' spine.' A monster whose
  spine is crooked.—Gurlt.
    CABIPYLORRHI'NUS;  from  KapwXos,
  'crooked,' and  piv, 'nose.'   A  monster whose
  nose is crooked.—Gurlt.
    CAMPYLOTIS, Cataclasis.
    CAMPYLUM, Cataclasis.
    CAMUS, (F.) Simus, Reslmus,  Simo, Silo, Si-
  tus.  One  who  has a short, stumpy nose.   The
  French speak of Nez annus, 'short nose.'
    CANADA  BURNET,  Sanguisorba cana-
  densis.
    CAN'ADA, MINERAL WATERS OF.   St.
  Catherine's, at  the head  of Lake Ontario, at the
  entrance of  the Welland Canal, 12 miles from
  Niagara Falls,  and on the Great Western  Rail-
  road, has a  mineral spring, much frequented,
  which  Dr. Chilton, of New York, analyzed and
  found to contain chlorides of calcium, magnesium,
  sodium, and iron, sulphate of lime, carbonates of
  lime and  magnesia, bromide  and iodide of mag-
  nesium, silica and alumina.
    Tuscarora Acid Spring is  in  the township of
CANAL  DE PETIT
Tuscarora, about 20  miles north of Pass Dover.
It contains a large amount of free sulphuric acid ;
beside sulphates of the alkalies, lime, magnesia,
alumina and iron.
  Chnrlotteville  Sulphur Spring  IS a few  miles
from  Dover, on  Lake  Erie.  It contains an un-
usual quantity of sulphuretted hydrogen.
  The Caledonia  Springs—a well known water-
ing place—are a few miles south of the Ottawa
river,  and 40 miles from Montreal.  There nre
various sources ; one—the Gas Spring—discharg-
ing carburetted hydrogen ; a Saline  and a Sub
phur  Spring; besides an  Intermitting  Spring,
which discharges  large quantities of carburetted
hydrogen ; and in which iodine and bromine have
been  detected.
  CANAL,  Cana'lis,   Ductus,  Men'tus, Poros,
Och'etos, •¥.) Conduit.  A channel for affording
passage to liquids, or solids, or to certain organs.
  Canal,  Alimf.n'tary,  C. Diges'tive,  Cunn'lis
seu Ductus cibu'rius seu  digest I vus seu alimen-
ta'rius, Tubus alimenttlrius  seu iiitest.ino'riim,
Diges'tive Tube, Aliment'ary Duct or  Tube.  The
canal extending from the mouth to the anus.
   Canal,  Abach'noid, Cana'lis Biclmlii,  Canal
of Bichat.   A canal, formed by the extension of
the  arachnoid over the transverse and longitudi-
nal fissures of the brain, which surrounds the vena
magna Galeni.   The  orifice  of  the canal has
been termed the Foramen of Bichat.
   CANAL  ARTERIEL, Arterial duet— c. tie
 Bartholin,  Ductus  Bartholinus — c. of Bichat,
 Canal, arachnoid—c. Bullular, of Petit, Godronni
 canal — c.  Oarotidien,  Carotid canal — c.  Chole-
 doque, Choledoch  duct—c.  Ciliary, Ciliary canal
 —c.  of Cotunnius, Aquaeductus vestibuli—c. De-
fiirent, Deferens vas—c. of Fontana, Ciliary canal
 — c. Goudronni, Godronni canal — c. Hipatique,
 Hepatic duct.
   Canal  op Huguier.   A  small canal at the
 inner side of the fissure of Glaser, through  which
 the chorda  tympani nerve leaves the  cavity of
 the tympanum.
   Canal, Hy'aloib.   A cylindrical passage, de-
 scribed by M. J. Cloquet as formed by the  reflec-
 tion  of  the hyaloid membrane into  the interior
 of the vitreous body around the nutritious  artery
 of the lens.  M.  Cruveilhier has never been able
 to see it.
   Canal, Inci'sive, see Palatine canals—c. Infra-
 orbitar, Suborbitar  canal—c. Infiexe  de  Vos tem-
  poral, Carotid canal—c. Intermidiare des  ventri-
 cules, Aquaeductus  Sylvii.
   CANAL, Intes'tinal, Cana'lis seu Ductus intes-
  tina'lis.  The portion of the digestive canal formed
  by the intestines.
   Canal of Jacobson, Canal, tympanic.
   Canal, Med'ullary.   The cylindrical  cavity
  in the body or shaft of a  long bone, which con-
  tains the marrow.
    Canal, Nasal, Lachrymal canal.
    Canal of Nuck.   A cylindrical sheath  formed
  around the round  ligaments  of the uterus by a
  prolongation of the peritoneum into the inguinal
  canal.
    CANAL DE  PETIT,  Godronni canal —c.
  Pulmo-aortique,  Arterial   duct—c.  Rachidian,
  Vertebral canal.
    Canal of Schlemm.  A minute circular canal,
  discovered by Professor Schlemm, of Berlin.  It
  is situate at the point of union of the cornea and
  sclerotica.
    Canal, Spinal, Vertebral canal—c. Spiro'itlt
  de los temporal,  Aquaeductus Fallopii—c. de Ste-
  non, Ductus salivalis superior — c. Thoracique,
  Thoracic duct — c. Veineux, Canal, venous — c.
  Vulvo-uterine, Vagina —c. de Warthon,  Ductus
 ! salivalis inferior. 
CANALES AL'RIFERI        161
CANCER
  Canal, Tym'panic, Cana'lis tympailieiis, Canal
of J'lcobsoii,   A canal which opens on the lower
surface  of  the petrous portion  of the temporal
bone, between tbe carotid  canal and the groove
for the internal jugular vein.  It contains Jacob-
son's nerve.
  Canal, Vector, Tube, Fallopian.
  Canal, Venous,  Cana'lis seu Ductus  veno'sus
BCU D.  v. Aran'tii, (P.) Canal veinenx.  A canal
which exists only in the foetus.   It extends from
the bifurcation of the umbilical  vein to the vena
cava inferior,  into which it opens below the dia-
phragm.  At times,  it ends in  one of the infra-
hepatic veins.  It pours into  the cava a part of
the blood, which passes from the placenta by the
umbilical vein.  After birth, it  becomes a fibro-
cellular cord.
  Canal of Wip.sing, see Pancreas.
  CANAEKS  AERIEERI, see Bronchia.
  CAXA'LES  BRESCHETT.    Canals in the
diploe for  the  passage of veins;  so called after
M.  Breschet.
  Canalus Circul \.res, Semicircular canals—c.
Cochleae, Scalae of the cochlea—c. Lacrymales,
Lachrymal duets—c. Membranei renum, see Calix
—c. Tubaeforines, Semicircular canals.
  CAXALICULATED, Grooved.
  CAXALICULATUS, Canneli, Grooved.
   CAXALTCl'LE, Grooved.
   CAXALICULES CALCIFERES, Canaliculi
 calcifcri.
  CANAEICULI, plural of Canaliculus—c.  Bili-
feri, Pori  biliarii — c.  of  Bone, see  Lacuna? of
Bone.
  CANALICULI   CALCIF'ERI,   Calcifi'erous
canals,  (F.) Canalicules Calcifh-es.  Minute ca-
naliculi, observed with the  microscope,  in the
cartilages of bones,  which are  full of calcareous
salts.
   CANALICULI HAVERSIANI, Canals, nu-
tritive— c. Lacrymales,  Lachrymal  ducts — c.
 Liinacuin.  Lachrymal ducts — c. Semicirculares,
 Semicircular canals — c. Seminales, see Testicle
—c. Seminiferi, see Testicle—c. Yasculosi, Canals,
 nutritive.
   CANALICULUS,  diminutive of canalis, 'a
 channel.'  A small channel.  See Canaliculi.
   CANALIS,  Meatus — c.  Alimentarius,  Canal,
 alimentary — c.  Arteriosus,  Arterial  duct — c.
 Bichatii, Canal, arachnoid—c. Canaliculars,  Gor-
 get—c. Caroticus, Carotid  canal—c. Cervicis. see
 Uterus—c. Deferens,  Deferens  vas—c.  Eminen-
 tise quadrigeminae, Aquaeductus Sylvii—c. Fallo-
 pii, Aqiuuductus Fallopii—c. Intcstinorum, Intes-
 tinal tube — c. Lacrymalis, Lachrymal  or  nasal
 duct—c. Mcdius, Ai|u:eductus Sylvii—c.  Medullas
 Spinalis, see Vertebral column—e. Nervous fistu-
 losus renum, Ureter—c. Orbitae  nasalis,  Lachry-
 mal or nasal  duct — e. Scalarum communis, In-
 fundibulum of the cochlea—c. Semicircularis ho-
rizontalis, see  Semicircular Canals —c.  Semicir-
 cularis  verticalis posterior, see  Semicircular Ca-
nals— c. Semicircularis  verticalis superior, see
 Semicircular canals—c. Tympanicus, Canal, tym-
panic—c. Urinarius, Urethra — c. Vidianus,  Pte-
rygoid  canal.
   CANALS OF  HAVERS. Canals,  nutritive —
c. Haversian.  Canals, nutritive.
   Can'.M.s. XTUTRITIVE, Canals  for the  nutrition
of  bones. Ductus  nutril'ii, Canab'c'uli vasculo'si
Seu Haversia'ni,  Haver'sian  Canals, Canals of
Havers, (F.)  Cananx nourriciers ou du Nutrition
des os,  Conduits  nourriciers ou  nutriciers.  The
canals  through which the vessels pass to  the
bones.   They  are lined by a  very fine lamina of
         11
compact texture, or are formed in the texture
itself.  There is, generally, one large nutritious
canal in a long bone, situate towards its middle.
  CANAPACIA, Artemisia vulgaris.
  CANARIES,  CLIMATE  OF.   Tbe climate
of the Canaries  greatly resembles that of Ma-
deira.   That of the latter,  however, is more
equable, and the  accommodation for invalids
much superior.
  CANARIUM  COMMUNE, see Amyris elemi-
fera.
  CANARY-SEED, Phalaris Canariensis.
  CANAUN AQUEUX, see Aqueous—c. Demi-
circulaires, Semicircular canals—c. Ejaculatenrs,
Ejaculatory ducts—c. Nourriciers, Canals, nutri-
tive—c. de Nutrition des os. Canals, nutritive.
  CANAUX DE  TRANSMISSION.  Accord-
ing to Bichat, the bony canals intended to give
passage to vessels and nerves going to parts more
or less distant—as the  Cana'lis Carolicus, &c.
  CANAUN VEINEUX,  Venous  Canals.  The
canals situate in the diploe, which convey venous
blood.
  CAN'CAMUM.  A mixture of several gums
and resins, exported from Africa, where it is used
to deterge  wounds.  Dioscorides  calls,  by  tbe
name KayKapov, the tears from an Arabian tree,
which are similar to myrrh, and  of a  disagree-
able taste.  He  advises  it  in  numerous diseases.
This name is given, also, to the Anime.
  CANCAMY, Anime.
  CANCELLATED, Cancella'tus, (F.) Cancelli;
from  Cancelli, 'lattice-work.'  Formed of can-
celli,  as the 'cancellated structure of bone.'
  CANCEL'LI,  'Lattice-work.'   The  Cellular
or Spongy Texture of Bones, (F.) Tissu celluleux ;
consisting of numerous cells, communicating with
each other.   They contain a fatty matter, analo-
gous to marrow.   This  texture is met with, prin-
cipally, at the extremities  of long bones;  and
some of the short bones  consist almost wholly of
it.  It allows of the expansion of the extremities
of bones, without  adding to their weight,  and
deadens concussions.
  CAXTCEL'LUS, from cancer, 'a crab.'  A spe-
cies of crayfish, called the  Wrong Heir, and Ber-
nard the Hermit:  which is  said to cure rheuma-
tism,  if rubbed on the part.
  CANCER, 'a crab.'   Cnr'cinos, Lupus cancro'-
sus.  A disease, so called either on account of the
hideous appearance which  the ulcerated cancer
presents, or on account of the great veins which
surround it, and which  the ancients compared to
the claws of the crab :  called also Carcino'ma.
It consists  of a scirrhous, livid  tumour, inter-
sected by  firm,  whitish, divergent bands;  and
occurs  chiefly in  the  secernent  glands.   Tbe
pains are acute and lancinating, and often extend
to other parts.   The tumour, ultimately, termi-
nates in  a  fetid and   ichorous  ulcer,— Ulan
cancro'sum.  It is distinguished, according to its
stages, into occult,  Cancer occultus, and open, C.
aper'tus; the former  being  the  scirrhous, the
latter the ulcerated condition.  At times, there is
a simple  destruction  or erosion of the  organ, at
others,  an encephaloid  or  cerebri form, and, at
others, again, a colloid degeneration.
  For its production, it requires a peculiar dia-
thesis, or cachexia.  The  following  table, from
Dr. YValshe,  exhibits the characters of the three
species  of carcinoma:
  The use of irritants in cancerous affections is
strongly to be deprecated.   When the disease is
so situate that  excision can be  practised,  and
the constitution  does not exhibit great contami-
nation,  tho sooner it is removed the better. 
CANCER  ALVEOLAIRE     162       CANCER DE GALIEN
          Encephaloid.

  Resembles  lobulated   cerebral
matter.
  Is commonly opake from its ear-
liest formation.
  Is of a dead white colour.

  Contains a multitude of minute
vessels.
  Is less hard and dense than scir-
rhus.

  Is frequently found in the veins
issuing from the diseased mass.
  The predominant microscopical
elements are  globular, not always
distinctly cellular, and caudate cor-
puscula.
  Occasionally  attains an enor-
mous bulk.
  Has  been  observed  in  almost
every tissue of the body.
  Very commonly co-exists in se-
veral parts or organs of the  same
subject.
  Is remarkable for its occasional
vast rapidity  of growth.
  Is frequently the seat of insterti-
tial hemorrhage  and deposition of
black or bistre-coloured matter.
  When  softened into a  pulp, ap-
pears as a dead white or pink opake
matter of creamy  consistence.
  Subcutaneous tumours  are slow
to contract adhesion with the skin.
  Ulcerated  encephaloid   is   fre-
quently the  seat  of  hemorrhage,
followed by rapid fungous develop-
ment.
  The progress of the disease after
ulceration is commonly very rapid.

  It is tbe most  common form un-
der which secondary cancer exhi
bits itself
  Is the species of cancer most fre-
quently observed in young subjects.
           Scirrhus.

  Resembles rind  of  bacon tra-
versed by cellulo-nhrous septa.
  Has  a semi-transparent glossi-
ness.
  Has  a clear whitish or  bluish
yellow tint.
  Is comparatively ill-supplied with
vessels.
  Is exceedingly firm and dense.
  Has not been distinctly detected
in this situation.
  The main microscopical consti-
tuents are juxtaposed nuclear cells ;
caudate  corpuscular do  not exist
in it.
  Rarely acquires  larger  dimen-
sions than an orange.
  Its seat as ascertained by obser-
vation, is somewhat more limited.
  Is not unusually solitary.
  Ordinarily grows slowly.

  Is comparatively rarely the seat
of those changes.

  Resembles, when softened, a yel-
lowish brown semitransparenl ge-
latinous matter.
  Scirrhus thus  situate usually be-
comes adherent.
  Scirrhous ulcers much less fre-
quentlv give rise  to  hemorrhage ;
and  fungous  growths  (provided
they retain the scirrhous  charac-
ter) are now more slowly and less
abundantly developed.
  There is not  such  a remarkable
change in the rate of progress of the
disease after ulceration  has set in.
  Is much less common before pu-
berty.
             Colloid.

  Has the appearance of particles nf
jelly inlaid in a regular alveolar bed
  The  contained  mutter  is sink
inely transparent.
  Greenish yellow is its  prednmi.
nam hue.
  Its vessels have not  been suffi-
ciently examined as yet.
  The  jelly  like  ntalter is exceed.
ingly soft ;  a colloid mass is, how.
ever, firm and resisting.
  The pultaceous variety has been
detected in the veins.
  Is composed of shells in a state
of cmbotternent.
  Observes a mean in this respect.

  Has so far been seen in'a limited
number of parts only.
  Has rarely been met with in more
than one organ.

  Grows with a medium degree of
rapidity.
  Undergoes no visible change of
the kind.
  Has so far been observed in adulta
only.
  CANCER ALVEOLAIRE,  Colloid —c.  Al-
veolaris, Colloid—c. Apertus, see Cancer.
  CANCER AQUAT'lCUS,  Gan'grenous  stomatitis,
Cancrum  Oris,  Gangranop'sis,  Canker  of  the
mouth, Gan'grenous sore mouth, Gan'grenous ero'-
siorx of the  check,  Sloughing Phageda'na of the
mouth, Water Canker: called,  also, Aphtha  ser-
jren'tes, Gangra'na Oris, Noma,  Nome,  Nomus,
Pseudocarcirto'tna la'bii, Stomac'ace gangrano'sa,
Cheiloe'ace,  Uloc'aee,  Ulltis sep'tiea,  Cheiloma-
la'cia, Scorbu'tus Oris, Stomatomala'cia pu'trida,
Stomatosep'sis,   Stomatonecrosis,   Carbun'culus
labio'rum  et  gena'rum,  (F.)  Cancer aqnatique,
Stomatite gangrineuse, S. Charbonneuse, Gangrene
ou  Sphacke  de la Bouche, Figarite, Aphthe gan-
grineux.  Certain sloughing or gangrenous  ulcers
of the mouth — so called, perhaps, because they
are often accompanied with an  afflux of saliva.
The disease  is  not uncommon in children's  asy-
lums, asd demands the same treatment as  hospi-
tal gangrene — the employment of caustics, and
internal and external antiseptics.
   CANCER  AQUATTQUE,  Cancer  aquaticus,
Stomacace—c. Ariolaire, Colloid—c. Astacus, see
Cancrorum chelae—c. Black, Cancer melanotic—
c. of the Breast,  Mastocarcinoma—c.  Camina-
riorum, Cancer, chimney-sweepers' — c.  Cellular,
Eneephaloid—c. Ciribriforme, see Encephaloid.
   Cancer, Chimney-sweepers', Soot wart.  Can-
cer miindito'rum seu purgato'ris  inftimic'uli seu
eamiitarib'rum. Cancer seu careino'ma scroti, Os-
cheocarcino'ma,  Oschocarcino'ma,   (F.)  Cancer
des Ramoneurs.   This  affection  begins with  a
superficial, painful, irregular ulcer, with bard and
elevated  edges, occupying the lower part of the
scrotum.   Extirpation of the diseased part is the
only means of effecting a cure.
   CANCER  COLLO'IDE, Colloid.
   Cancer, Davidson's Remedy for, see Conium
maculatum.
   CANCER  DUR, Scirrhus.
   CANCER  EBURNE.  A kind of waxy dege-
neration of tbe breast, so called by M. Alibert, but
which appears to be in no way allied to cancer.
   CANCER  EXCEPHALO'tDE, Scirrhus-c.
Epithelial, see Epithelial—c. Fibreux, Scirrhus—
c. Fibrous, Scirrhous—c. du Foie, Hipatosarcomie.
   Cancer Gale'ni,  (F.) Cancer  de Galien.  A
bandage  for  the  head, to which Galen gave the
name  cancer, from its  eight heads resembling,
rudely, the claws of the crab.   It is now sup-
plied by  the  bandage with  six chefs or heads,
which is called the Bandage of Galen or B. oj
the Poor.
   CANCER  DE GALIEN, Cancer Galeni —c.
Gelatiniform, Colloid—c. Gelatinous, Colloid—c.
Gommeux, Colloid—c.  Hard, Scirrhus—c. Intes-
tinorum, Enteropathia cancerosa—c. des  Iiitestiiis,
Enteropathia caneerosa—c. of the Lung,  Phthisis,
cancerous —  c.  Lupus,  Lupus — c.  Mastoid, see
Mastoid  cancer—c. Medullaris, Encephaloid—c.
Melaaneus, Cancer, melanotic—c. Milane, Cancer,
melanotic—c. Mel-anodes, Cancer, melanotic.
   Cancer, Melanot'ic, Cancer melano'des, Car-
cino'ma melano'des seu mclanot'icum  seu mela-
nens,  Fungus   melano'des,   Melano-carci>i"'r>iai
Black or Melanoid Cancer,  (F.)  Cancer Milane.
A combination of cancer and melanosis.
   Cancer, Miltlike, see Miltlike. 
CANCEREUX            163               CANITIES
  Cancer  Mollis, see  Encephaloid — c.  Man,
Encephaloid—c. Munditorutn, Cancer, chimney-
sweepers'—c. Nephroid, see Nephroid—c. Occul-
tus, see Cancer—c. Oculi, Scirrhophthalmus— c.
Oris,  Stomacace — c.  Ossis,  Spina ventosa — c.
Pharyngis  et oesophagi, Laemoscirrhus — c. Pttl-
taci, Colloid — c. Purgatoris infumiculi, Cancer,
chimney-sweepers' — c.  des Ramonetus, Cancer,
chimney-sweepers' — c. Scirrhosus, Scirrhus — c.
Scroti, Cancer,  chimney-sweepers'—c. Soft, Hae-
matodes fungus — c. Solanoid, see  Solanoid — c.
Sptirrheux, Scirrhus — c. of the Stomach,  Gas-
trostenosis cardiaca et pylorica—c. Uteri, Metro-
carcinoma.
   CA ACER E UX, Can cerous.
   CANCER ROOT, Orobanche Virginiana,  Phy-
tolacca decandra—c. Weed, Goodyera pubescens,
Salvia lyrata.
   CAXCEROMA, Carcinoma.
   CAN'CEROUS,  Cancro'sus, Carcino'sus, (F.)
 Cancireux.   Relating to  cancer;  as  Cancerous
ulcer, Cancerous diathesis.
   CANCHALAGUA, Chironia Chilensis.
   CAXCEEXA, Gangrene.
   CANCRODES, Cancroid.
   CAN'CROID, Kankroid, Cancro'des, Cancro'i'-
 des, Carcino'dcs, Carcinoides,  Canrrotdeus, from
 cancer and etios, ' form.'   That which assumes a
 cancerous appearance.  Cancroid is a name  given
 to certain  cutaneous  cancers by Alibert:  called
 also  Cheloid or Keloid, Chelo'is,  Carlcro'is, Ke-
 lo'ldes, (xeXvs,  'a tortoise,'and uios,  'likeness;'
 or from Kr;Xis, 'a spot or stain,' and  etSos,  'like-
 ness;')  Kelis,  from  their  presenting  a flattish
 raised patch  of integument, resembling the shell
 of a tortoise.
   Cancroid  of the Skin,  see Epithelial.
   CAXCROIS, see Cancroid.
   CAXCROMA, Carcinoma.
   CANCRO'RUM  CHELAE, Oc'uli seu Lap'ides
 seu  Lapilli  Cancro'rum,  Concremerlta As'taci
 fiurint'ills,  Crab's stones  or  eyes,   (F.)  Yeux
 d'icrevisse, Pierre d'Ecrevisse.  Concretions found,
 particularly,  in the Cancer As'taeus or  Cray-fish.
 They consist of carbonate and phosphate of lime,
 and possess  antacid virtues,  but  not  more than
 chalk.
   CAXCROSUS, Cancerous,  Chaucreuse.
    CANCRUM   ORIS,  Cancer Aquaticus, Sto-
 macace.
   CAXDELA, Bougie — c.  Fumalis,  Pastil — c.
 Medicata.  Bougie—c. Regia, Verbascum nigrum.
   CANDELARIA, Verbascum nigrum.
   CAXDI, Cnndttm,  Canthum,  Can'tion, Candy,
 from candiilus—' white, bleached, purified.'  Pu-
 rified and crystallized sugar.   See Saccharum.
    CAXDIDEM OYI, Albumen ovi.
    CAXDLE, Pupil.
    Candle, Mercu'rial.   A candle made of wax
 and vermilion for mercurial fumigation.
    Candle Tree, Parinentiera cerifera.
    CANDY, Candi.
    CANDYTUFT, BITTER, Iberis amara^
   CANE,  SEGAR, see Saccharum — c. Sweet,
 Acorus calamus.
    CAXEFICIER, Cassia  fistula.
    CANELA. Nectandra cinnamomoides.
    CAXELE, Grooved.
   CAXELLA,  see Canella alba.
   Cani:l'i.a  Alba, diminutive of canna, 'a  reed.'
 A West  India  tree.   Earn. Magnoliaceaj: Sex.
 Syst. Dodecandria Monogynia.  It is  so  called
 because its bark is rolled up like a reed.  Cortex
Winter
spun us
Canella  Cuba'na seu 117;
tera'nia,  Cinuarno'miim  album. Cortex Antiscor-
bii'ticns seu Aroinnlieus,  Costus cortieo'sns, Ca-
miilga, Canella (Ph. U. S),  Canella  Bark, (V.)
Cuiulic OU Canelle blanche,  I'ausse  Ecorce  de
Winter, Ecorce Cariocostine; Ord. Guttiferae, is
a pungent aromatic.   Its virtues  are partly ex-
tracted  by water; entirely  by alcohol.  It is a
stimulant, and is  added to bitters and cathartics.
  Canella Caryophyllata, Myrtus caryophvl-
lata—c. Cubana, C. alba, Laurus cassia—c.  Mala-
barica et Javensis, Laurus cassia.
  CANELLIFERA MALABARICA, Laurus
cassia.
  CANEPIN, (F.)  A fine  lamb's skin or  goat's
skin,  used for trying the quality of lancets.
  CANICACEOUS, Furfuraceous.
  CAX'ICjE.  Meal,  in  which  there  is  much
bran.  Also,  coarse  bread;  or  bread  in  which
there is much bran—Panis  Canica'ceus.
  CAN1CIDA, Aconitum.
  CANIC'ULA;  the Dogstar, from canis, 'a dog;'
Teifjios,  Sirius,  (F.)  Canicule.  This star,  which
gives its name to the Dogdays, Dies  canicula'res,
because they commence when the sun rises with
it, was formerly believed  to  exert a powerful in-
fluence  on the animal economy.  The Dogdays
occur at a period of the year when there is gene-
rally great and  oppressive  heat, and therefore—
it has been conceived—a greater  liability to dis-
ease.
   CANIF, Knife.
   CAN IN, Canine.
   CANINANiE  RADIX, Caincae radix.
   CANINE, Cauliius, Cyn'icus, from canis, 'a
dog,' (F.) Cauin.  That which has a resemblance
to the structure,  <fec, of a dog.
   Canine Fossa, Fossa Cani'na, Infra-orbitar or
Suborbital- fossa, (P.) Fosse  Canine.  A small
depression on the superior maxillary bone,above
the dens caninus, which gives attachment to  thft
caninus or levator anguli oris muscle.
   Canine Laugh, Sardon'ic laugh,  Risus  Cani-
nus seu Sardoilicus seu Sardo'nius seu Sordanios
seu de Sardo'nia seu involunta'rius seu spas'tictts,
 Tortu'ra  seu Distor'sio Oris, Gelas'mns, SartW-
asis,  Sardonlasis, Trismus Sardon'icus seu cyn'-
icus,  Spasmus musculorum faciei sen cyn'icus, Pro-
sopospas'mtts, (F.) Ris canin, R.  Sardoniqite, R.
Sardonien, R. moquettr. A sort of laugh, the facial
expression of which is produced  particularly by
the spasmodic contraction of the Caninus muscle.
Probably, this expression, as well as Cynic Spasm,
Spasmus cani'nus seu cyn'icus, Convulsio cani'na,
 Trismus cyn'icus, may have  originated  in the re-
semblance of the affection to certain movements
in the upper lip of the dog.   The  Risus Sardon'-
icus is said to have been so called  from similar
symptoms having  been induced  by a kind of
Ranunculus — R. scelera'tus—that grows in Sar-
dinia.
   Canine Teeth, Denies Cani'ni seu  Lania'rii
seu angula'res seu cuspida'ti seu columella'res seu
ocula'res seu morden'tes, Cynodon'tes, Eye  Teeth,
Pug  Teeth, (F.) Dents  canines ou laniaires  ou  an-
gulaires ou ocnlaires ou eeilleres ou conoieles.  The
teeth between the lateral incisors  and small  mo-
lares of each jaw ; — so named because they re-
semble  the teeth  of the dog.
   CANINUS,  Levator anguli  oris —  c.  Sentis,
Rosa canina—c.  Spasmus, see Canine Laugh.
   CAN IRA M,  Strychnos nux vomica.
   CANIRAMIXl M, Brucine.
   CAXIRUBCS, Rosa oanina.
   CANIS INTKRFECTOR, Yeratrum sabadilla
—c.  Pontieus, Castor fiber.
   CAX1T"TES. from courts, 'white.' R/nnehing,
 Whitentxs or grayness of the hair, and especially
of  that of tbe head—Trichuriasis polio'sis. (F.)
Canitie.  When  occurring in conseq'.ience  of  old
age,  it is not a disease.  Sometimes it happens
suddenly, and apparently in consequence of severo
mental  emotion.   The causes, however, are not
clear.  See Poliosis. 
CANKER
164
CAPBERN
  CANKER, Stomacace — c. of the Mouth, Can-
cer aqunticus.
  CANKER-RASH, see Cynanehe maligna.
  CANKER, WATER, Cancer aquaticus.
  C A X N A,  see  Tons-les-Mois,  Cassia fistula,
Trachea—c. Brachii, Ulna—c. Domestica cruris,
Tibia—c. Edulis, r''ous-les-Mois—c. Fistula, Cas-
sia fistula — c. indiea, Sagittarium alexipharma-
eum—c. Major, Tibia—c. Minor,  Fibula, Radius
■—c.  Solutiva, Cassia fistula—c. Starch, Tous-les-
Mois.
  CANNABIX7,  Bangue.
  CANXAB'IXA, from Kovvafits, 'hemp.'  Reme-
dies  composed of Cannabis Indiea.—Pereira.
  Cannabina Aquatica,   Eupatorium  canna-
binum.
  CANNABIS  INDICA,  Bangue.    See,  also,
Churrus.
  Can'nabis   Sati'va, (F.) Chanvre,  Chambrie.
The  seed of this—Hempseed, Sem'ina Can'nabis,
(F.)  Chenevis — is oily and mucilaginous.  The
decoction is sometimes used in gonorrhoea.
  CANNACORUS RADICE CROCEA, Curcuma
longa.
  CANXAMELLE, see  Saccharum.
  CANNE AROMATIQUE, Acorus calamus —
c.  Congo, Costus — c.  ele Riviere, Costus — c. d
Sucre, see Saccharum.
  CAXXEBERCE,  Vaccinium  oxycoccos — c.
Ponctuie, Vaccinium vitis ida3a.
  CANXEL, Laurus cinnamomum.
  CAXNEL-BONE, Clavicle.
  CANNEL-WATER, Aqua cinnamomi.
  CANXELE ou CANELE (F.), from cana'lis,
'a canal.'   Sulca'tus, Stria'tus,  Canalicula'tus.
Having a canal or  groove — as Muscle  canneli
(Lieutaud), the Gemini;  Corps cannelis ou striis,
the  Corpora  striata;  Sonde cannelie, a grooved
sound, S:c.   See Grooved.
  CANNELL BAYNE, Clavicle.
  CAXXELLE,  Laurus cinnamomum — c.
Blanche, Canella alba — c.  de la  Chine, Laurus
cassia — c. de Coromandel,  Laurus  cassia -— c.
Fausse, Laurus  cassia—c. Girofiie, Myrtus cary:
ophyllata — c. des Indes, Laurus  cassia — c. de
Java, Laurus cassia—c. de 3Iulabar, Laurus cas-
sia—c. Matte, Laurus  cassia—c. Officinale,  Lau-
rus cinnamomum — c. Poivrie, see Wiutera aro-
ma tic a.
  CANNULA. Canula..
  CAXNUE.E PULMONUM, Bronchia.
  CANOPUM, see Sambucus.
  CANOR STETHOSCOPICUS,  Tintement mi-

  CAXQUOIN'S CAUSTIC PASTE, Pasta zinci
chloridi.
  CANTABRICA, Convolvulus Cantabrica.
  CANTABRUXO,  Furfur.
  CANTARELLUS, Meloe proscarabseus.
  CANTATIO,  Charm.
  CANTEL, Vertex.
  CAXTERBURY,  WATERS OF, Aqua  Can-
tuarien'ses.   The waters of Canterbury, in Kent,
England,  are impregnated with  iron, sulphur,
and  carbonic acid.
  CANTERIUM, Cantberius.
  CAXT11ARIDE  TA CHETEE, Lytta vittata.
  CAXTHARIDINE, see Cantharis.
  CAN'THARIS, from  Kav&apos,  'a  scarabans.'
C. vesicato'ria, Musca Hispanica,  Meloe vesica-
to'rius, Lytta vesicato'ria, Blis'tering Fly, Blister-
fly,  Blisierbeetle, Spanish Fly, Fly, (F.) Cantha-
rides, Mouches, M. d'Espagne.  This fly—Order,
Coleopteras — originally, perhaps, a  native  of
Italy and Spain, is  now found  in France, Ger-
many, Hungary, Russia, Siberia,  and England.
It is, however, rare  in the last-named country.
It is found in species of Oleaeeae — as the ash,
privet, and lilac;  and of Caprifoliaceas — as the
 elder and lonicera.   It is much employed in me-
 dicine, and is  the  most  common  vesicatory.
 Given internally, and even  when absorbed from
 the skin, it affects the  urinary organs, exciting
 strangury.   This may be prevented,  in cases of
 blisters, by interposing between  the blistering
 plaster and skin a piece of  tissue-paper.   Dilu-
| ents relieve the  strangury.   Dose, half a grain
 to one grain.   If kept  dry, the flies will retain
 their activity for many years.  Their active prin-
 ciple — Can'tharidin, Cantharidlna — has been
 separated from them.
    Cantharis vesicatoria  is the ordinary blistering
 insect used in Europe.
    Cantharis seu Lytta vitta'ta, (which see,) and
 C.  atra'ta,  C.  margina'ta,  and  C.  cine'rea, of
 America;  C. atoma'ria, of  Brazil; C. ru'jicepn,
 of Sumatra and Java;  C. gigas, Lytta caru'lea,
 of  Guinea and the  East  Indies; C. viola'eea,
 Lytta gigas mas, of the East Indies; C.Syr'iuea,
 Lytta seg'etum,  of  Arabia;  Myla'bris, 31. puiie-
 ta'ta, M. pitstultlta, and M. cicho'rii, of China
 and the East Indies ; Meloe proscaraba'u*, and
 M. maja'lis or  True May worm—possess similar
 properties.
    CANTIIE'RIUS, Cante'rium. The cross-piece
 of wood in  the apparatus used by Hippocrates for
 reducing luxations  of the humerus.
    CANTHI'TIS.   Inflammation  of the canthus
 of the eye.
    CANTHIUM CORONATUM,  Randia  dume-
 torum.
    CANTHOPLAS'TICE, Oan'thoplasty, (F.) Coii-
 thopl.astie, from KavSos, ' the angle of the eye,'and
 ■nXaoTiKos, 'formative.'  The  formation, by plastic
 operation, of the angle of the eye.  An operation
 proposed by  Ammon, when the eyelids are not
 sufficiently cleft.
    CANTHUM, Candi.
    CANTHUS,  Epicarlthis, An'gulus ocula'ris,
 Forts lacryma'rum.  The  corner or angle of the
 eye.  The  greater  canthvs  is  the inner  angle,
 Hircus,  Hit-'quits, Rhauter; the lesser carithm,
 the outer angle, 'Parop'ia, Pegn.
    CANTIA'NUS  PULVIS,'Kent Powder.'  A
 cordial powder, known under the name 'Coiiutha
 of  Kent's Powder,' composed  of  coral,  amber,
 crabs' eyes, prepared pearls, &c.  It was given
 in cancer.
    CANTION, Candi.
    CAN'ULA,  Can'nula, Aii'liscus, Aulas.   Di-
 minutive of Carina, 'a reed;'  Tu'bitlus, (F.) Ca-
 nute ou  Cairnule.   A small  tube  of gold, silver,
 platinum, iron, lead, wood, elastic  gum, or gutta
 percha, used for various purposes in surgery.
    CA'OUTCIIOUC.  The Indian  name for In-
 dian Rubber, Elas'tic Gum,  Gum Elastic, Gummi
 elas'ticum,  Cauchuc, Resi'na elas'tica  seu Cinjen-
 nerlsis,  Cayenne Renin, Cautchuc, (F.)  Gomme
 ilastique,  Risine  ilastique  ou de  Cayenne.  A
 substance formed from the milky juice of lice'veu
 seu Hevea  Guianen'sis,  Jat'rojrha  elas'tica, Si-
 pho'nia Cahnchu, S. elas'tica, Seringue Tree, ani
 of Ficits Indiea, and Artocar'pus integrifo'lia:—
 South American  trees.  It  is  insoluble in water
 and alcohol; but boiling water softens and swells
 it.  It is soluble in  the essential oils and in ether,
 when it may be blown into  bladders.   It is used
 in the fabrication of catheters, bougies, pessaries,
 &c.
    CAP, PITCH, see Depilatory.
    CAPACITY, LUNG, see Vital  Capacity —c.
 Pulmonic, see Vital Capacity.
    CAPA-ISIAKKA, Bromelia ananas.
    CAPBERN,  WATERS UF.   Capbern  is in
 the department  Hautes-Pyrcn6es, France. The
 waters contain sulphates aad carbonates of Hnie
 and magnesia, and  chloride  of magnesium.  Tem-
 perature, 75° Fahrenheit.  They are purgative. 
CAPELET               1G
  CAPPLET, Myrtus carophyllata.
  CAPELI'NA,  Cupelllna, (F.) Capeline.   A
Woman's Hat, in French ;  Capis'trum, from caput,
' head.'  A sort of  bandage, which, in shape, re-
sembles a riding-hood.  There are several kinds
nf Capclines:—1.  That of the head, C. de la tete,
Fas'cia  ca/iita'lis.  See Bonnet el Hippoc rate.  C.
of the e/aricle, employed in  fractures of the acro-
mion, clavicle, and spine of  the scapula.  C. of an
amputated limb—the bandage  applied round the
stump.
  CAPELLINA, Capclina,
  CAPER  BUSH, Capparis spinosa.
  CAPER  PLANT, Euphorbia lathyris.
  CAPERS, see  Capparis spinosa.
   CAPET US, Imperforation.
  CAI'HORA, Camphor.
  CAP1IURA, Camphor.
   C A PI L LAI R E,  Capillary, see Adiantum
capillus  veneris — c. du  Canada, Adiantum pe-
datuin — c. de Montpellier, Adiantum capillus
veneris.
   CAPILLAMEN'TUM, from capillus, 'a hair,'
 Capillil'iuin,  Tricho'ina,  Trichoma'tion.   Any
villous or hairy covering.   Also, a small fibre or
fibril.
   CAP'ILLARY,  Capilla'ris,  Capilla'ceus, from
cnpillus, 'a  hair.'  (F.)  Capillaire.   Hair-like;
small.
   Cap'illary Vessels, Vasa capilla'ria,  Mi-
 erangi'a, Trichangi'a, (F.)  Yaisscaux; capillaires,
 CapiUicules,  are the extreme radicles of the  ar-
 teries and veins, which  together constitute the
 capillary,  intermediate,  or peripheral  vascular
 system — the metha'mata or methamatous blood-
 channels of Dr. Marshall Hall.   They possess an
 action distinct from that of  the heart, but not one
 of rhythmic contraction and dilatation. Formerly,
 it was conceived that white vessels—Vasa. sero'sa
 — or vessels  so  minute as  not to admit red  cor-
 puscles, were distributed to the tissues which do
 not receive red blood.
   CA1TLLATI0,  Trichismus.
   CAPILLATUS, Inipuber.
   CAPILLICULES, Capillary vesse.s.
   CAPILLITIUM,  Capillamentum,  Entropion,
 Scalp.
   CAPILLORUM DEFLUVIUM, Alopecia.
   CAPIL'LUS, quasi Capitis Pilus, Coma, Chate,
 Crinis, Pilus,  Thrix, Casa'ries, (F.)  Cheveu.
 This  term  is  generally applied to the  hair of the
 head, Pili seu Honor cap'itis, the characters of
 which vary according to races, individuals, <tc.
 Hairs arise in the  areolar  membrane, where the
 bulb  is placed, and are composed of two parts—
 one, external, transparent,  and of an  epidermoid
 character; the other,  internal and  sui  generis,
 which, in the opinion  of some, communicates to
 them their colour.  The hair is  insensible,  and
 grows from the root.
   Capillus Veneris,  Adiantum capillus veneris
 —c. v. Canadensis, Adiantum pedatum.
   CAPIPLE'NIUM, Capitiple'nium, from caput,
 'the  bead,' and plenum, 'full.' A word employed
 with  different significations. A variety of catarrh.
 — Schneider.  A heaviness or disorder in  the
 head common at Rome, like the Kapnjiapia, Car-e-
 baria, of the (irecks.—Baglivi.
   CAPISTRATIO, Phimosis.
   CAPISTRUM, Capeline, Chevestre, Trismus—
 c. Auri, Borax.
   Capis'trum, Phimos, Cemos, Knpos, 'a halter.'
 This  name has  been given to  several bandages
for the  head.  See Capeline, Chevestre.
   CAPITALIA  REMEDIA, Cephalic remedies.
   CAPITALIS. Cephalic.
   CAPITELLCM. Alembic, see  Caput.
   CAPITEUS, Heady.
5               CAPSICUM
  CAPITILU'VIUM,from caput, 'the head,' and
lacnrc, ' to wash.'  A bath for the head.
  CAPITIPLENIUM, Capiplenium.
  CAPITIPURGIA, Caput purgia.
  CAPITIT'RAHA, from caput, 'the head,'and
trahere, 'to  draw.'  Instruments which, like the
forceps, draw down the head of the  foetus when
impacted in  the pelvis.
  CAPITO'NES, from caput,' the head.' Macro-
ceph'ali, Proceph'ali.   Foetuses whose heads are
so large as to render labour difficult.  The con-
dition is called Macroceqdta'lia.
  CAPITULUM, Alembic, Condyle, see  Caput
—c. Costa1,  see Costa—c. Laryngis,  Corniculum
laryngis — c. Martis,  Eryngium campestre — c.
Santorini, Corniculum laryngis.
  CAPITULUVIUM,  Bath (head).
  CAPNISMOS,  Fumigation.
  CAPXITIS., Tutia.
  CAPNOIDES CAVA, Fumaria bulbosa.
  CAPNORCIIIS, Fumaria bulbosa.
  CAPNOS, Fumaria.
   CAPON,  Cagot.
  CAPON SPRINtJS.   A pleasant  summer re-
treat, situated in  a gorge of the North Mountain,
in Hampshire co., Va., 23 miles W. of  Winchester.
The waters  in  the vicinity are sulphurous and
chalybeate; — those at the springs alkaline and
diuretic.
   CAPOT,  Cagot.
  CAP'PARIS SPINO'SA. Cnp'pnris,  Cappar,
Ca'prin, Prickly  Caper Bush, (F.) Caprier. Ord.
Capparideae. Sex. Syst.  Polyandria  Monogynia.
Tbe bark of the root and the buds  have been es-
teemed astringent and diuretic.  The buds are a
well-known  pickle—Capers, (F.) Capres. ■
  Capparis Baduc'ca, Baduk'ka.  A species of
caper, cultivated in India on aec.ountof tbe beauty
of its flowers. The Orientals make alinimcnt with
its juice, with which they rub pained parts. The
flowers are purgative.
  CAPPONE, WATERS OF. At Cappone, in the
isle of Ischia, are waters  containing carbonate of
soda, chloride of sodium, and carbonate of lime.
Temp. 100° Fahr.
  CAPREOLA'RIS, from  capreolus, 'a tendril.'
Cisso'i'des, Elicoi'des, (F.) Capriolaire.   Twisted.
  Capreola'ria  Vasa.  Some  have called thus
the spermatic arteries  and veins,  on  account of
their numerous contortions.
  CAPREOLUS, Helix.
   CA PRES, see  Capparis spinosa.
  CAPRIA, Capparis spinosa.
  CAPRICORNUS, Plumbum.
   CAPRIER, Capparis spinosa.
  CAPRIFOLIA, Lonicera periclymenum.
  CAPRIFOLIUMDISTINCTUM, Lonicera pe-
riclymenum—c. Periclymenum,  Lonicera pericly-
menum—c.Sempervivens, Lonicera sempervivens,
—c. Svlvaticum,  Lonicera periclj'menum.
  CAPRILOQUIUM. Egophonv.
  CAPRIZANS PULSES, see  Pulse, caprizant.
  CAPSA, Boite, Capsule,  Case—c. Cordis, Peri-
cardium.
  CAPSARIUM. Boitier.
  CAPSELLA   BURSA  PASTORIS, Thlaspi
bursa.
   CAPSICUM, see Capsicum annuum.
   Cap'sicum An'nuum,  C. Hispan'icum,  from
kotttu), 'I bite.'  The systematic name  of the plant
whence, in  part,  Cayenne Pepper is  obtained,—
Piper In'dieum  seu Hispan'icum  seu Brazitia'-
num seu Guinecn'se seu Calecu'ticum  seu Tur'ci-
cnm seu Lusitan'icum, Sola'num urens, Siliquas'-
trum Plirlii, Cayenne or Guinea or Chilli Pepper,
Garden Ginger, (F.) Punent, Poivre d'Inde, Poivrtt
de  Guinie, Corail des Jardins.  Ordc,  Solaneae.
The pungent, aromatic properties of Bacca Cap- 
CAPSIQUE
166
CARANNA
»?'ci", Cap'sicum Berries, Capsicum (Ph. U. S.), are  I
yielded to ether, alcohol, and water.  They are
highly stimulant and rubefacient, and are used as
a condiment.   Their active principle  is called
Cnpsicin.
  Capsicum Hispanicum. Capsicum annuum.
  CAPSIQUE,  Capsicum annuum.
  CAPSITIS, see Pbacitis.
  CAPSULA, Boitier — c. Articularis,  Capsular
ligament — c.  Cordis,  Pericardium — c. Dentis,
Dental  follicle — c. Humoris aquei,  see Aqueous
humour of the eye—c. Lentis, see Crystalline—c.
Nervorum,  Neurilemma — c.  Sequestralis, see
Sequestrum.
  CAPSULE  SEMINALES,  Vesiculae S. —c.
Synoviales, Bursae mucosie.
  CAPSULA IRE, Capsular.
  CAP'SULAR,  Capsula'ris,  (F.)  Capsulaire.
Relating to a capsula or capsule.
  Capsular Arteries, Suprare'rial Arteries and
 Veins.  Vessels belonging to the suprarenal cap-
sules.   They are divided into  superior, middle,
and inferior.   The first proceed from the inferior
phrenic, the second from the aorta, and the  third
from the renal artery   The corresponding veins
enter the phrenic, vena cava, and renal.
  Capsular Cataract, see Cataract.
  Capsular Lig'ament, Ligamen'tnrn capsula're,
 Cap'sula  articula'ris, Artic'ular or Fibrous cap-
sule, (F.)  Ligament capsulaire, Capsule  articit-
laire, Capsule fibreux, &o. Membranous, fibrous,
and elastic bags or capsules, of a whitish consist-
ence, thick, and resisting, which surround joints.
  CAPSULE, Cap'sula, Capsa, a box, or  case,
(F.) Capsule. This name has been given, by ana-
tomists, to parts bearing no analogy to each other.
  Capsule, Bowman's, see Kidney—c. Cellular,
of  the  Eye, see  Eye—c. Fibrous,  Capsular  liga-
ment.
  Capsule,  Gelat'inous,   Cap'sula  gelalina,
 (F.) Capsule gilatineuse,  Cnpsule  of gelatin.  A
modern invention by which copaiba  and other
disagreeable  oils can be  enveloped in gelatin so
as  to conceal their taste.
   Capsule of Glisson, Cap'sula  Glisso'nii seu
comnulnis Glisso'nii,  Vagina  Porta,  V.  Glis-
 so'nii.   A sort of membrane, described by  Glis-
 son, which is nothing  more than dense areolar
membrane surrounding the vena  porta and its
 ramifications in the liver.
   Capsule of the Heart,  Pericardium—c. Ocu-
 lar, see Eye.
   Capsule,  Rknal,  Suprare'nal  or  Atrabil-
 iary C, Renal  Gland, Glan'dula srqyrarena'lis,
 Cap'sula  rena'lis seu suprarena'lis seu atrabilitl-
 ris, Ren succenturia'tus,  Nephrid'ium, (F.) Cap-
 sule surrinale ou atrabiliaire.   A flat triangular
 body, which covers the upper part of the kidney,
 as  with a helmet. A hollow cavity in the interior
 contains a brown, reddish or yellowish fluid. The
 renal capsules were long supposed to be tbe secre-
 tory organs  of  the  fancied atrabilis.   They are
 much  larger  in  the  foetus than  in  the adult.
 They are probably concerned in lymphosis.
   A singular  condition of cachexia, the leading
 characteristics of which are anasmia, general lan-
 guor and debility ; remarkable  feebleness of the
 heart's action ;  irritability of the stomach, and a
 peculiar bronzed skin, was first described by Dr.
 Thos. Addison, of London, as  connected with a
 diseased  condition of  the  supra-renal capsules.
 It  has  been proposed to call it  the Disease of Ad-
 dison. (F.) Maladie dAddison.
   Capsule, Sem'inal,  Cap'sula semina'lis.  Bar-
 tholin^ thus designates the extremity of the vas
 deferens, which is sensibly dilated in the vicinity
 of  the vesiculae  seminales.  Some anatomists ap-
ply this name to the vesiculae themselves.
  Capsule, Syno'vial, Capsula Synovia'lis.  A
membranous  bag.  surrounding the movable arti-
culations and canals, which gives passage to ten-
dons.  Synovial capsules exhale, from their arti-
cular surface, a fluid, whose function is to favour
the motions of parts upon each other.  See Bursa
mucosa, and Synovia.
   CAPSULE  SURRENALE  ou  ATRABL
LIARE, Capsule,  renal.
   CAPSULITIS, see Phacitis.
   CAPUCHOX, Trapezius.
   GAPUCINE, Tropaeolum majus.
   CAPULIES, Prunus capulin.
   CAPULUS, Scrotum.
   CAPUT, ' the head.'  Also, the top of a bone
or other part,  (F.)  Tite.t  The head of  small
bones is sometimes termed capil ulum,capitell' urn,
cephalid'ium,  ceph'alis, cephalium.   Also, the
glans penis.
   Caput  Aspera Arteria, Larynx — c. Coli,
Caecum—c.  Galltnaceum, see  Gallinaginis caput
—c. Gallinaginis, see Gallinaginis caput—c. Ge-
nitale, Glans—e. Lubricum, Penis—c. Major, see
Epididymis — c. Minor, see Epididymis — c. Mu.
nachi, Leontodon Taraxacum—c. Obstipum, Tor-
ticollis—c. Penis, Glans.
   Caput  Pur'gia,   Capitipur'gia.    Remedies,
which the ancients regarded  as proper for purg-
ing the head :—errhines, sternutatories, apophleg-
matisantia, &c. Prosper Alpinus makes the caput
purgia to be the same as errhines; and the npn-
phlegmatrsmi the  same as  the masticatories of
the moderns.
   Caput Scapula,  Acromion.
   Caput Succeda'neum.  A term sometimes used
for the tumefied  scalp, which first presents in
certain cases of labour.
   Caput Testis, Epididymis.
   CA QUE-SA NGUE, Cague-sangne.  Old French
words which signify Bloody evacuations, (F.) Di-
jections sangiiinolentes.  They come from caeare,
' to  go to  stool,' and  sanguis, ' blood.'  Under
this term was  comprehended every affection in
which blood is discharged from the bowels.
   CARA  SCHULLI, Frutex  In'dicus spino'tru,
Barle'ria buxifo'lia.  A Malabar plant, which,
when applied externally, is maturative and resol-
vent.  The  decoction of its root is used, in the
country, in ischuria.
   CARABAC'CIUM.  An aromatic wood of In-
dia, of a yellowish colour, and a smell like that
of the clove.   Its  decoction and infusion are
given as stomachics  and antiscorbutics.
   CAR'ABUS.  A genus of coleopterous insects.
Two species, the chrysoceph'alus and ferrtigin'eim
have been recommended for the toothaeh.  They
must be pressed  between the fingers, and then
rubbed on  the gum and tooth  affected.
   CARACTERE, Character,  Symbol.
   CARAGNA, Caranna.
   CARAMATA, Arumari.  A tree in the inland
parts of Pomeroon.  It furnishes a febrifuge  bark,
which Dr.  Hancock  says may be used in  typhoid
and  remittent  fevers  where  cinchona is either
useless or pernicious.
   CARAMBOLO, Averrhoa carambola.
   CARAMEL,  Sac'charum percoc'tum, seu toi-
tum.  Sugar subjected to the  action of heat, until
it is partly decomposed, deliquescent,  of a brown
colour, and a strong, agreeable and empyreumatio
odour.
   CARAN'NA, Caragna, Tacamaha'ca, Caragna,
 Caran'na  Gummi, G. Brelisis,  Gum Canin'w,
(F.)  Caragne,  Gomme  Caragne ou  Carane. A
gum-resinous substance, which flows from a large
tree in New  Spain, and is obtained from South
America in impure masses.  It preserves its soft-
ness for a long time, has an aromatic smell, and
a  slightly acid and bitter taste.  It was formerly
used as a vulnerary and in plasters. 
CARAWAY
167
CARCINOMA
  CARAWAY.  Carum.
  CARAWAY SEEDS, see Carum.
  CARBASA, Linteum.
  CARBASUS, Linteum.
  CARBO, Carbon,  (F.)  Carbone.  An elemen-
tary body, extensively distributed in nature; but
of which the two following forms are officinal in
the Pharmacopoeia of the United States.   Also,
a coal, charcoal.
  Carbo Ligni, Charcoal (F.) Charbon.  Fresh
Charcoal is antiseptic.   It is used to improve the
digestive organs  in  cases of  worms, dyspepsia,
<fec;  as  a  cataplasm to  gangrenous  and  fetid
ulcers, tinea, <fec, and forms a good tooth-powder.
Dose, gr. x to ,^j.   Also, Anthrax.
   Carbo Anima'lis, C. carnis, Animal charcoal,
(F.) Charbon animal, usually prepared by sub-
jecting bones to a red heat in close vessels.  The
result is Rone black, commonly called Ivory black.
(F.) Noir  animal ou el'os.   It  is  given  in the
same cases as Carbo Ligni, and has  been extolled
in cancer.  Dose, gr. ss to gr. iij.
   The Pharmacopoeia of the  United  States con-
tains a formula  for the  preparation  of  Carbo
Anima'lis  Purifica'tus, Purified  animal char-
coal  (Carbon, animal. Ibj;  Acid muriat.,  Aqua
via f^xij).   Pour the muriatic acid,  previously
 mixed with the water, gradually upon  the char-
 coal, and digest with a gentle heat for two days,
 occasionally  stirring the mixture.   Having  al-
 lowed the undissolved  portion  to  subside, pour
 off the supernatant liquor, wash the charcoal fre-
 quently  with water until it is entirely free from
 acid, and lastly dry it.
   Carbo Fos'silis, Lithanthrax, Stone coal.
   Carbo Hu.ma'num.  The human excrement.—
 Paracelsus.
   Caiibo Ligni,  Carbo — c. Mineralis, Graphites
 — c.  Palpebrarum, Anthracosis — c.  Spongiae,
 Spongia usta.
   CARBON, Carbo—c. Sesqui-iodide of, Carbonis
 Besqui-iodiduni—c. Bisulphuret  of, Carbonis sul-
 phuretum—c. Sesquichloride of, Carbonis  trichlo-
 ridum—c. Sulphide of, Carbonis sulphuretum—c.
 Sulphuret of, Carbonis sulphuretum—c. Terchlo-
 ride of, Carbonis trichloridum, see  Chloroform.
    CAR'BONAS or CARBO'NAS.   A carbonate.
 (F.) Carbonate.  A salt, formed by the combina-
 tion of carbonic acid with a salifiable base.
    Carbonas Natricum, Sodae carbonas—c. Plum-
 bicus, Plumbi subcarbonas.
    CARBONATE D'AMMONIAQUE,  Ammo-
 nia1 carbonas.
    CAR'BONATED, Carbona'tus,  Aera'tus, (F.)
  Carboni, Aire.  That which is impregnated with
  carbonic acid.
    CARBONE, Carbon — c. Trichlorure de, Car-
 bonis trichloridum.
    CARBOXE, Carbonated.
    CARBONE UM CHLORATUM,  Chloroform.
    CARBON'IC  ACID, Ac"idum  Carborlicum,
  Solid Air ofi Hales, Factitious or  Fixed  Air,
  Carhona'ceous or Calctlreous or Aerial or Mephil-
  ie Acid, Mephit'ic Air,  Spir'itus  letha'lis, (F.)
  Acide Carbonique.  This gas. which neither sup-
  ports respiration nor  combustion, is  not  often
  used in medicine.  It  is the  main  agent in effer-
  vescent draughts, fermenting poultices,  Ac.   It
  is often found occupying the  lower parts of mines
 — when  it is  called the choke damp — caverns,
  tombs, wells, brewers'  vats, <fcc, and not unfre-
 qucntly has been  the  cause  of  death.   Lime
 thrown  into such places soon absorbs the acid.
    CARBONIS SESQUICHLORIDUM,Carbonis
 trichloridum.
    CARBO'NIS SESQUI-IOD'IDUM, C. Sesqui-
 lodure'tuin,  Sesqui-Todide or Sesqui-Ioduret  of
 Carbon.   This is  made by mixing concentrated
 alcoholic  solutions of  iodine and potassa, until
the former loses its colour ; a solution is obtained
from which water throws down a yellow precipi-
tate— the sesqui-iodide of carbon.   It has been
used in enlarged glands and in some cutaneous
affections,  applied  externally,  (5Jss  to gvj  of
cerate).  See Iodoform.
  Carbo'nis  Sulphure'tum. Sulph'uris  Carbu-
re'tum,  Sulphure'tum  seu  Sulfidum  Carbo'nii,
Carbo'nium Sulphura'tum,  Alcohol Sulphuris,
Bi sulphure'turn Carbo'nii, Sulphuret, Sulphide or
Bisulphuret ofi Carbon, Carburet of Sulphur, (F.)
Sulfure de Carbone, Carbure de Soufre,Soufre Car-
bitre, Alcool de. Soufre.  This transparent, colour-
less fluid, which has  a  very  penetrating, disa-
greeable odour, and a taste wbich is cooling at
first, but  afterwards acrid and somewhat aroma-
tic,  is a  diffusible  excitant.   It is diaphoretic,
diuretic, and has been said to have proved em-
menagogue.  It is  also used in  nervous diseases
as  an  antispasmodic.  Dose, one  drop  to four,
repeated frequently.
   It is used externally, where a cooling influence
has to be rapidly exerted, and has  been inhaled
as  an anaesthetic.
   Carbo'nis  Trichlo'ridum, C.  Sesqui-chlo'ri-
dtim, Terchloride  or Sesquichloride ofi Carbon,
(F.) Trichlorure ou Sesquichlorurede Carbone,is
formed by the action  of Chlorine  on Chlorohy-
dric ether, under the influence of sun-light. It has
been given in cholera, and applied to  correct the
fetor of foul ulcers.  Dose, four grains or more.
   CARBONIUM   SULPHURATUM, Carbonis
sulphuretum.
   CARBUNCLE, Anthrax.
   Carbuncle, Fungous, Terminthus.
   Carbuncle of the Tongue, Glossanthrax—c.
Berry,  Terminthus.
   CARBUNCLED FACE, Gutta rosea.
   CARBUNCULAR EXANTHEM, Anthracia.
   CARBUNCULATIO OCULI, Blepharanthra-
 cosis.
   CARBUNCULUS,  Anthrax —c.  Anginosus,
 Cynanehe maligna—c. Contagiosus, see Anthrax
 — c. Gallicus, see Anthrax — c. Hungaricus, see
 Anthrax—c. Labiorum et genarum, Cancer aqua-
 ticus—c. Polonicus, see Anthrax—c. Pulmonum,
 Necropneumonia—c. Septentrionalis,see Anthrax.
    Carbun'culus Rubi'nus.  A red, shining, and
 transparent stone, from the Isle of Ceylon ; for-
 merly employed in  medicine as  a preservative
 against several poisons, the plague, <&c.
    Carbunculus Ulcusculosus,  Cynanehe ma-
 ligna.
    CARBURE DE SOUFRE, Carbonis sulphu-
 retum.
    CAR'CAROS, from KapKatpur, 'I resound,' 'I
 tremble.'  A fever, in which the  patient has  a
 general tremor, accompanied with an unceasing
 noise in the  ears.
    CARCINODES, Cancroid, Chancreuse.
    CARCINOIDES, Cancroid.
    CARCINO'MA, Karkino'rrja, Cancero'ma, Can-
 cro'ma,  from KapKivos, 'a  crab.'  Some authors
 have thus called indolent tumours different from
 cancer;  others,  incipient cancer; and  others,
 again, the species of cancer in which  the affected
 structure assumes the appearance of cerebral sub-
 stance;  but  the majority of authors use Carcino-
 ma in the same sense as Cancer.
    Carcinoma Alveolare, Colloid—c. Epitheli-
 odes,  Epithelial Cancer — c. Fibrosum, Scirrhus
 —c. Hasinatodes, Ilaematodes fungus—c. Intesti-
 norutn, Enteropathia cancerosa—c. Lingua?, Glos-
 socarcinoma—c. of the Liver, Hepatoscirrhus—c.
 Medullare, Encephaloid — c. Melanodes, Cancer,
 melanotic—c. Melanoticum,  Cancer, melanotic—
 c. Simplex,  Scirrhus — c. Spongiosum, Encepha-
 loid, Ilaematodes fungus—c. Scroti, Cancer, chim-
 ney-sweepers'—c. Uteri, Metrocarcinoma, Metro- 
CARCINOMATOUS         168            CARDIECTASIS
scirrhus—c. Ventriculi, Gastroscirrhus ; see Gas-
tiostenosis cardiaca et pylorica.
   CARCINOMATOUS,   Carcinomato'sus,  (F.)
Carciitomateux.   Relating to Carcinoma.
   CARCINOME MOU ET SPONGIEUX, En-
cephaloid— c.  Sanglaut,   Encephaloid,  Ilaema-
todes fungus.
   CARCiXOS. Cancer.
   CARCINO'SES, (G.) Karcinosen, from Kap-
nvos, 'a crab.'   A family of diseases, according
to the classification of Fuchs;  which embraces
the different forms of Cancer.
   CARCINOSES, Cancerous.
   CARCINUS. SPONGIOSES, Encephaloid.
   CARD AM ANTICA,  Cardamine pratensis, Le-
pidium Iberis.
   CARDAMINDUM  MAJUS,  Tropaeolum
majus.
   CARDAMINE FONTANA, Sisymbrium nas-
turtium—c. Nasturtium, Sisymbrium  nasturtium.
   Cardami'ne  Praten'sis, Cardamine, Carda-
marltica,  Nastur'tiurn  Aqualicum,  Car'damon,
 Culi fios, Ibe'ris soph'ia, Nastur'tiiim praten'se,
La dies-smock,  Cuckoo-flower,   Common   Bitter
 Cress, Meadow Cress, (F.) Cresson iligant  ou des
pres, Passerage sauvage.   Ord.  Cruciferae.  The
flowers have been considered useful as antispas-
modics, in the dose of gj- to ^'j-  They are pro-
bably inert.
   CARDAMOM, Cardamo'mum (F.) Cardamome.
The  name  of  the fruit  of  various  species  of
Amomum and Elettaria, respecting the, botanical
history of which  there has been much confusion.
   Cardamom, Bengal, Amomum maximum—c.
Cluster,  Amomum  cardamornum — o. Greater,
Amomum  Grana Paradisi — c.  Java, Amomum
maximum — c. Lesser, Amomum cardamornum—
c. Nepal, Amomum maximum—c. Round,  Amo-
mum cardamornum.
   CARDAMOME, Amomum cardamornum — c.
de la Cote de Malabar, Amomum cardamornum.
   CARDAMOMUM  MAJUS,  Amomum  grana
paradisi—c. Minus, Amomum cardamornum — c.
Piperatum, Amomum grana paradisi—c. Rotun-
dum, Amomum cardamornum—c. Wild, Fagaras-
trum  Capense.
   CARDAMOX,  Cardamine pratensis.
   CARDAMUM  MAJUS, Tropaeolum majus.
   CARDERE,  Dipsacus sylvestris—c.  Cultivi,
Dipsacus fullonum.
   CARDIA,  Kapita,  'the heart.'   Stom'achus,
Orific"imn sinis'trum seu Ingres'sus supe'rior
seu Ostium cesophage.'um  ventric'uli.   The supe-
rior or oesophageal orifice of the stomach.  Also,
the Heart.
   CAR'DIAC,  Cardi'acus, from KapSta,  'the
heart;' or the upper orifice of the stomach.  (F.)
Cardiaque.   Relating  to the  heart, Car-ditic,
Car'dial, (F.)  Cnrdiaire,  Carditique,— or  to the
upper orifice of the stomach.   A cordial.
   Cardiac Ar'teries, Cor'onary  arteries, (F.)
Artires cardiaques ou  corona ires,  are  two  in
number.  They arise from  the aorta, a little above
the free edge of the sigmoid valves, and are dis-
tributed on both surfaces  of the heart.
   Car'diAC Gan'glion,  Gan'glion  cardlacum,
situated  beneath the arch of the  aorta,  to the
right side of the ligament of the ductus arteriosus.
It receives the superior cardiac nerves of opposite
sides  of the neck, and a branch from the  pneu-
niogastrie,  and gives  off  numerous branches  to
the cardiac plexuses.
  Cardiac Nerves, (F.) Nerfs cardiaques. These
are commonly three  on each side;  a superior,
middle, and inferior, which are furnished by cor-
responding cervical ganglia.  Commonly,  there
are but two on the left side; the upper and mid-
dle, which draw  their origin from the last two
cervical  ganglia.   Scarpa calls the  superior—
Cardi'acus supcrficia'lis ; the middle— C. pro fun'.
tins seu magnus;  and  the inferior—C.  jiarcut
seu minor.  There are, besides, Cardiac filaments,
(F.) Filets cardiaques,  furnished by tbe par va-
gum  or pneumo-gastric  nerve,  which become
confounded  with the above.
   Cardiac  Plexus, Plexus  cardi'acus.   There
are three cardiac plexuses.  1. The great cardiac
plexus is situated upon  the bifurcation of the tra-
chea.   It is formed   by  the  convergence   of
the middle and inferior cardiac nerves; and  by
branches  from  the pneuinngastric,  descendena
noni, and first thoracic ganglion.  2. The anterior
cardiac plexus is situated in front of the ascend-
ing aorta  near its origin.  It is  formed by fila-
ments from the  superior  cardiac nerves; from
the cardiac  ganglion ; and  from the great cardiac
plexus.  Filaments from this  plexus  accompany
the left coronary artery, and form the anterior
coronary plexus.  3. Tbe posterior cardiac plexus
is seated upon the posterior part of the ascending
aorta near its origin.  It is formed by numerous
branches  from  the great   cardiac plexus.   It
divides into two sets of branches, which together
constitute the posterior  coronary plexus.
   CARDIAC  Veins,  Coronary  Veins, (F.)  Viimi
Cardiaques, are commonly four in number; two
anterior and two posterior.  They open into the
right auricle by  one orifice, which is furnished
with a valve, and is called, by Portal, Sinus coro-
naire du Cceur.
   CARDIACA CRISPA,  Leonurus cardiaca —
c. Passio,  Cardialgia — c.  Trilobata,  Leonurua
cardiaca — c. Vulgaris,  Leonurus cardiaca.
   CARDIACUS, Cordial, Stomachal.
   CARDIAOMUS, Cardialgia.
   CARDI'AGRA,  Affec'tio  arthrilica  cordis;
from  Kapiia, 'the  heart,'  and aypa,  'seizure'
Gout of the heart, Cardialgia.
   CARDIAG'RAPIIY,  Cardiagrtlphia,  from
xapSia, 'the heart,' and ypatpn,  'a description.'
An anatomical description  of  the heart.
   CARD I AIRE, see Cardiac.
   CARDIAL, see Cardiac.
   CARDIAL'GIA,  Cardiaca  Passio,  C.l'ica
Ventric'uli,   Spasmus   Ventric'uli, Perodyn'ia,
Cordo'liurn,  Ciirdila'a,  Dysprcpsodyrlia, Dyxpep-
siodyn'ia, Dyspeptodyilia, Pertttodyn'ia,  Car-
diod'yne, Gastrotlyrlia,  Gastralyia, Gasternl'gia,
Gastrocolin,  Gastrod'yne, Pas'sio  Cardinal,
Stomachalgia,  Stomacalgia, Cardi'acus Morbus,
Cardiog'mus, Cardial gy ;  from k a pit a,' the car-
diac orifice  of  the  stomach,'  and aXyos, 'pain.'
Pain  of the stomach, (F.)  Douleur ele I'Estomac,
D. nivralgique de I Estomac.   Also, Heartburn,
(F.)  Cardialgie, Ardeur a"Estimate, A. du  Caair.
Impaired appetite, with gnawing or burning pain
in the stomach or epigastrium,—Morsus seu ardor
ventric'uli, Morsus stom'achi, Soda, Li mo'sis car-
dialgia nxordens, Rosio Stom'achi seu  Ventric'-
uli:—a symptom of dyspepsia.
   Cardialgia   Inflammatoria,  Gastritis — c.
Sputatoria, Pyrosis.
   CARDIALOG"IA, from Kapha, 'the heart,'
and Xoyos, 'a discourse.' A treatise on the heart
   CARDIANASTROPHE, Ectopia cordis.
   CARDTARCTIE, Heart, concentric hypertro-
phy  of the.   Contraction of the cavities  of the
heart.
   CARDIA'RIUS;  same  etymology.  A  name
given to a worm, said to have been found in the
heart or pericardium.
   CARDIATOM'IA,  from  Kapoia, 'the heart,'
and rtfivetv,  'to cut.'  Dissection of the heart.
   CARDIATROPHIA,  Heart, atrophy of the.
   CARDIAUXE, Heart, hypertrophy of the.
   CARDIECTASIS, Dilatation of the heart, see
Aneurism  of the  heart — o. Partialis, Aneurism
of the heart. 
CARDIELCOSIS            169                 CARIES
  CARDIELCOSIS;  from  Kapha, 'the heart,'
and 'cXkos, • an ulcer.'   Ulceration  of the heart.
  CARDIETHMOEIPOSIS, Steatosis cordis.
  CARDIEUliVSMA, Aneurism of the heart.
  CARDIL/EV, Cardialgia.
  CARDIM'ELECII,  from  Kapha, 'the heart,'
and ~V70. Mcbk,  (Hebr.,) 'a governor.'  A sup-
posititious active principle seated in  the heart,
and governing the vital functions.—Dolaeus.
  CARDINAL FLOWER, Lobelia cardinalis —
C. f. Blue, Lobelia syphilitica.
  CARDIXAL PLANT, Lobelia cardinalis.
  CA RD I X AMENTUM, Ginglymus, Gomphosis.
  CARDLOBOTANUM, Centaurea benedicta.
  CARDIOCE'LE, from Kapoia, 'the  heart,' and
Ki\Xri, ' rupture.'   Hernia of the  heart, especially
into the  abdominal cavity.
   CARDIOCLASfE, Cardiorrhexis.
   CARDIOD'YNE, Cardiodyrlia ; from Kapha,
 'the heart, the stomach,' and oSwrj, 'pain.'  Pain
 in the heart.   Also, Cardialgia.
   Caroioovne Spasmodica  Intermittens, An-
 gina pectoris.
   CARD IOC'MUS.  Hippocrates employed this
 word Kaphwynos, synonymously with  cardialgia.
 In the time of Galen it was used, by some writers,
 for certain pulsations of the heart, analogous to
 palpitations.   Sauvages  understood by Cardiog-
 mus an  aneurism of  the  heart  or great vessels,
 when still obscure.  Also, Angina pectoris.
   Cardiogmus Cordis Sinistri, Angina pectoris.
   CARDIOMALA'CIA, Malaco'sis sou  Mala'cia
 seu Malax'is seu  Molfil't'es  Cordis, (F.) Ramol-
 lisseinent dn  Ca-ur, from Kapha, 'the  heart,' and
 paXaKta,' softness.' Softening of the heart, caused
 by inflammation  of the organ, or a consequence
 of some lesion of the function of  nutrition.
   CARDIOM'ETRY, Cardiomelria, from Kapha,
 'heart,'  and  ptrpov, 'measure.'   Measurement of
 the heart, as by percussion and auscultation.
   CARDTOMYOblPOSIS. Steatosis cordis.
   CARDIONCHt, see Aneurism.
   CARDIONEURALGIA, Angina pectoris.
   CARDIOX'OSUS,  Morbus cordis, from Kapha,
 ' heart,'  and voaos, ' disease.'  Disease of the heart.
 Heart disease.
   CARDIOPAEMUS, Cardiotromus.
   CARDIOPERICARDITIS, see Pericarditis.
   CARDIORRHEU'MA, Rheumatis'mus cordis;
 from Kai'ho, 'the heart,  and ptvpa,  ' defluxion,
 rheumatism.'  Rheumatism  of the heart.
   CARDIORRHEX'IS,  Cardioelasie,  (Piorry.)
  Ritptu'ra cordis, (F.)  Rupture du  Coettr, from
 Knpoia, 'the heart,'and pnl-is, 'laceration.'  Lace-
 ration of the heart.
   CARD1USCLEROSIE, (Piorry), from Kapha,
 'the heart,'  and aKXnpos, 'hard.' (F.)  Endurcisse-
 ment du Gaeur.   Induration of the heart.
   CARDIOSTENO'SIS. Stenocar'dia, from Kap-
 ha, 'the heart, and orevtoats, 'contraction.'  Con-
 traction of the openings of tbe heart.
   CARDIOTRAU'MA, from Kapha, 'the heart,'
 and rpovpit,  'a wound.'  A wound of the heart.
   CARDIOT'ROMUS, Palpita'tio Cordis trep'-
 iilans,  Cartliopalmus,  Trepida'tio Cordis, from
 Kapha, 'the  heart,' and rpopos, 'tremor.'   Rapid
 and feeble palpitation or fluttering of the heart.
   CARDIOT'ROTUS.  from K„nha, 'the heart,'
 and TirpwoKur,  'I wound.'   One  affected with a
 wound of the heart.—Galen.
   CARDIPERICARDITIS, see Pericarditis.
   CARDITE. Carditis.
   CARD I TIC,  Cardiac.   Also, relating or be-
 longing to carditis.
   CARDl'TIS,  from Kapha, 'the  heart, and the
 lerminntion  iVi«.  Inflammation  of the  fleshy
 substance of the heart.  Empres'ma  Carditis,
 In/lanima'tio Cordis, I. Carditis,  Cauma  Cardi-
 tis, Myocarditis, Carditis  Muscula'ris, (F.) In-
flammation du Coeur,  Cardite.  The symptoms
of this affection are by no means clear.   They
are often confounded with those  of  pericarditis,
or inflammation of  the membrane investing the
heart.   Carditis, indeed, with many,  includes
both the inflammation  of  the  external investing
membrane and that of the interior of the heart.
See Pericarditis, and Endocarditis.
  Carditis  Externa, Pericarditis — c. Interna,
Endocarditis—c. Muscularis, Carditis — c. Mem-
branosa, Pericarditis—c. Polyposa, Polypi of the
heart—e. Serosa, Pericarditis.
   CARDO, Ginglymus.
   CARDOPATIUM, Carlina acaulis.
   CARDOPERICARDITIS, see Pericarditis.
   CARDUUS  ALTILIS, Cynara scolymus —c.
Benedictus,  Centaurea benedicta—c.  Brazilianus,
Bromelia ananas — c. Domesticus capite majori,
Cynara scolymus — c. Hemorrhoidalis, Cirsium
arvense.
   Car'duus  Maria'nus,  C. Ma'ria  seu Inc'teus,
Si/'ybum, S. Maria'num seu macultltum, Car'tha-
mus macula'tus, Cir'sinm macitla'tum, Spina alba,
Common Milk  Thistle,  Ladies'  Thistle,  (F.)
Chardon-Marie.  Ortf. Compositae.  The herb is
a bitter tonic.  The seeds are oleaginous.  It is
not used.
   Carduus  Pineus, Atractylis gummifera — c.
Sativus, Carthamus tinctorius—c. Sativus non-
spinosus, Cynara scolymus — c. Solstitialis, Cen-
taurea calcitrapa— c. Stellatus, Centaurea  calci-
trapa—c. Tomentosus, Onopordium acanthium—
c. Veneris, Dipsacus fullonum.
   CAREBARESIS, Carebaria.
   CAREBA'RIA  or CAREBARI'A, Carcbare'-
sis,  from  Kapn, 'the head,' and 0apos,  'weight,'
Scordine'ma, Cerebri ria, Scordinis'miis, Cordine'-
ma. Heaviness of the head.—Hippocrates, Galen.
   CARE'NA, Kare'na.  The twenty-fourth part
of a drop.—Roland and Johnson.
   CARE-TAKER, Nurse.
   CAREUM, Carum.
   CAREX ARENARIA, Sarsaparilla Germanica.
   CARIACOU.  A beverage, used  in Cayenne,
and formed of a mixture  of cassava, potato, and
sugar, fermented.
   CAR'ICA, from Caria, where the fig was culti-
vated.  See Ficus carica.
   Car'ica  Papa'ya, Papaw  tree, Pawpaw, (F.)
Papayer.    Orel. Cucurbitaceae,   A native  of
America,  India, and  Africa.  The  fruit has
somewhat  of the flavour of the pumpkin, and
is eaten like  it.  The milky juice of the plant
and the seed and  root have been  regarded  as
anthelmintic.
   The papaw, of North  America, belongs to the
order Anonacea?, (Ano'na  seu Asi'mina seu Por-
celia seu Uva'ria tri'loba, Ficns In'ilica, Orchi-
docar'pitm  arieti'num,) Custard Apple Family.
   CARTCUM.  Said to  have been  named after
its  inventor  Carious.  Car'ycinn.   A detergent
application to ulcers; composed  of  black  helle-
bore, sandarach, copper, lead, sulphur, orpiment,
cantharides, and oil of cedar.—Hippocrates.
   CARTE. Caries—c. des Denis, Dental gangrene.
   CAR IE. Carious.
   CA'RIES, Nigril'ies Os'sium.   An  ulceration
of bone, Osteohelco'sis,—ATecrosis being death of a
bone.   It resembles the gangrene of soft  parts.
Hence it has been termed Caries  gangrano'sa,
 Gangra'na Ca'ries seu Os'sium, Tere'do, Ar-ro'sio,
 Euros, (F.) Caric.  It is recognised by the  swell-
ing of the bone which precedes and  accompanies
it;  by  the  abscesses  it  occasions;  the fistulae
which form ; the sanious character, peculiar odour
and quantity  of the suppuration, and by the evi-
dence afforded by  probing.   The  most common
causes  of caries are blows,  the action of some
virus, and morbid diatheses.  When dependent on 
CARTE US
17
0
CAROTA
any virus in the system, this must be combated
by appropriate remedies.  When entirely local, it
must be converted, where practicable, into a state
of necrosis or death of the affected part.   For
this end, stimulants, the  actual cautery, &c, are
applied.
  Caries, Dentium, Dental gangrene—c. Puden-
dorum, see Chancre—c. of the Vertebrae, Verte-
bral disease—c. Vertebrarum, Vertebral disease.
  CARIEUN, Carious.
  CARIM  CURINI, Justitia ecbolium.
  CARI'NA, 'a ship's keel.'  The vertebral co-
lumn, especially of the foetus.  Also, the breast-
bone bent inwards.  Hence, Pectus carina'tum :
—the chest affected with such deformity.
  CA'RIOUS,  Cario'sus,  Euro'des,  (F.)  Carii,
Carieux.  Affected with caries.
  CARIUM  TERR.E, Calx.
  CARIYE,  Myrtus  pimenta.
  CARIYILLANDI, Smilax sarsaparilla.
  CARLINA, 'Carline Thistle.'
  Carli'na  Acaul'is, C. chama'leon, Gharna'-
leon  album, Cardopa'tium, (F.)  Carline sans tige.
Ord. Compositae, which grows in the Pyrenees,
and on the mountains of Switzerland, Italy, <fcc,
has been recommended as a tonic, emmenagogue,
and sudorific.
  Carlina Cham/Eleon, C.  acaulis.
  CAR LINE SAXS TIGE, Carlina acaulis.
  CARLISLE  SPRIXGS.   These are about five
miles from the town of Carlisle, in Pennsylvania.
The water is mildly sulphureous.
  CARLO  SAXCTO  RADIX.   'St.  Charles's
Root:' found in  Mechoachan in  America.   The
bark  is aromatic, bitter and acrid.  It is  con-
sidered to  be sudorific,  and to  strengthen the
gums and stomach.
  CARLSBAD, MINERAL WATERS  OF.
Carlsbad is a town in Bohemia, 24 miles from
Egra,  celebrated for  its  hot baths.   The  water
contains about 47 parts in  the 100 of purging
salts.  It is  a thermal saline; temperature 121°
to 167° Fahrenheit.   The constituents are—car-
bonic acid, sulphate of soda, carbonate of soda,
and chloride of  sodium.
   CARMANTIATE, Justitia pectoralis—c. Pecto-
rale. Justitia pectoralis.
   CARMEN, 'averse.'  An amulet.  A charm,
which,  of  old, often consisted of a verse.  See
Charm.
   CARMINANTIA, Carminatives.
   CARMINATIVA, Carminatives.
   CARMIN'ATIVES, Carminan'tia seu Carmi-
nati'cct, from carmen, 'a verse,' or 'charm,' An-
tiphys'ica,  Physago'ga, Xan'tica,  Antiphyset'ics,
(F.)  Carminatifs.  Remedies which allay pain,
'like  a  charm,' by  causing the  expulsion  of
flatus from the alimentary canal.  They are gene-
rally  of the class of aromatics.
   The Four Greater Carminative Hot Seeds,
 Qualuor seiu'ina cal'ida majo'ra  carminatlva,
were, of old, anise, carui, cummin, and fennel.
   The Four Lesser Carminative  Hot Seeds,
 Qualuor sem'ina cal'ida mino'ra, were bishop's
weed, stone  parsley, smallage, and wild carrot.
   CARMOT.  A name given, by the alchymists,
to the matter which  they believed to constitute
the Philosopher's stone.
   CARNABADIA, Carum,  (seed.)
   CARNABADIUM, Cuminum cyminum.
   CARNATIO, Syssarcosis.
   CARNATION, Dianthus  caryophyllus.
   CARNELIAN, Cornelian.
   CARNEOLU3, Cornelian.
   CAR'NEOUS, Carno'sus, Sarco'des, Incarna'-
tus,   from   earo,  carnis,  'flesh,' (F.) Charnu.
Consisting of flesh, or resembling flesh.
   Carneous Columns, Fleshy  Columns,  Colunl-
na Carnea, of the heart, (F.) Ctrlonnes charnnes,
are muscular projections, situate in  the cavities
of the heart.   They  are called, also,  Mus'culi
Papilla'res.
  Carneous  Fibres, Fleshy Fibres, Mns'cnlar
Fibres, (F.) Fibres charnnes ou musculaires, are
fibres belonging to a muscle.
  CARNEUM  MARSUPIUM, Ischio-trochan-
terianus.
  CARNIC'ULA.  Diminutive   of caro, carnis,
'flesh.'   The gum.—F'allopius.
  CARNIFICA'TIO, Camification — c.  Pulmo-
num, Hepatisation of the lungs.
  CARNIFICA'TION,  Garnifica'tio, from  caro,
carnis, 'flesh,' and fieri, 'to become.'  7'rami-
formation into flesh.  A morbid state of certain
organs, in which the tissue acquires a consistence
like that of fleshy or muscular parts.  It is some-
times observed in  hard parts,  the  texture be-
coming  softened,  as  in  Osteo-sarcoma.   When it
occurs in the lungs, they present a texture like that
of liver.   Such is the condition  of the foetal  lung.
  CARNIFOR'MIS ABSCESS'US.  An abscess,
which ordinarily occurs in the  neighborhood of
the articulations, and whose orifice is  hard, the
sides  thick and callous.—M. A.  Severinus.
  CARNIVOROUS, Carniv'orus, Sarcoph'a.
gits,   Creatoph'agus,   Creoph'agus, Zooph!agous,
Creatoph'agous,  Creopll agous,   Kreatoph'atjous,
(F.)  Carnivore;  from caro, carnis,  'flesh,' and
voro,  ' I  eat'   That which eats flesh.  Any sub-
stance which  destroys  excrescences in wounds,
ulcers, &c.
  CARNOSA  CUTIS, Panniculus carnosus.
  CARNOS'ITAS, (F.) Carnositi, from caro,
carnis, 'flesh.'  A fleshy excrescence.
  CARNOSTTIES OF THE URE'THRA,  Car'-
uncles in the Ure'thra, (P.) Carnositis ou Caron-
cules  de luretre.  Small fleshy excrescences or
fungous  growths, which were, at one time, pre-
sumed to exist in the male urethra,  whenever
retention of urine followed gonorrhoea.
  M. Cullerier uses the term Carnositi vinerienne
for a cutaneous, cellular, and membranous tu-
mour, dependent  upon the syphilitic virus.  See,
also,  Polysarcia.
  CARNOSUS, Carneous.
  CARO, Flesh—c. Accessoria,  see Flexor longus
digitorum pedis  profundus  perforans,  (accesso-
rius) — c. Excreseens, Excrescence — c. Fungosa,
Fungosity — c. Glandulosa, Epiglottic gland — c.
Luxurians, Fungosity—c. Orbicularis, Placenta—
c. Parenchymatica,  Parenchyma—c.  Quadrata,
Palmaris brevis—c. Quadratus  Sylvii, see Flexor
longus digitorum pedis  profundus perforans, (ac-
cessorius)—c. Viscerum, Parenchyma.
   CAROB TREE, Ceratonia siliqua.
   CAROBA ALNABATI, Ceratonium siliqua.
   CARODES,  Carotic.
   CAROLI, see Chancre.
   CAROLI'NA, NORTH, MINERAL WATERS
OF.  In the  counties  of Warren, Montgomery,
Rockingham,   Lincoln,  Buncomb,  and  Rowan,
there are mineral springs.   They belong  gene-
rally to the sulphureous or acidulous saline.
   CAROLINA, SOUTH, MINERAL WATERS
OF.  They are numerous.  Pacolet  Springs, on
the west  bank of Pacolet River, contain sulphur
and iron. Many, with similar properties, but not
held  in estimation,  are scattered about the  State.
   CARONCULE, Caruncle—c. Laehryrnale, Ca-
runcle.
   CARONCULES  MYRTIFORMES, Carun-
culae myrtiformes—c. de I'Urltre, Carnosities of
the urethra.
   CARONCULEUX, Carunculous.
   CAROPI, Amomum cardamornum.
   CAROSIS, Somnolency.
  CAROTA, see Daucus carota. 
CAROTIC
1
1               CARREAU
  CAROT'IC, Carol icus, Carot'id, Carol idus,
Carotida'us,  Caro'des, Conlatose,  from  Kapos,
'stupor,' (E.) Carotiqne.  Relating to stupor or
varus—as a car-otic state;—or to the carotids, (F.)
Cnvotidien.
  Carotic  Arteries,  Carotids — c.  Ganglion,
see  Carotid Nerve—c. Nerve, Carotid Nerve — c.
Plexus, see Carotid Nerve.
  CAROTIC A, Narcotics.
  CAROTICUS, Carotic.
  CAROTID, Carotic.
  CA ROTID.EUS, Carotic.
  CAROTID I EX,  Carotic.
  CAROTIDS,  Carol idea, Carot'ica, Carotidea,
Capita'les, Jttgula'res, Sopor tiles, Sopora'ria, So-
porif'era, Somnifi'era, Apoplec'tica, Lethar'gica
(Arte'ria), Carot'id Ar'teries,  Cephalic Arteries,
(F.) Arteres Carotides; from Kapos, 'stupor,' [?].
The great arteries of the neck,  which carry blood
to the  head.  They are divided into, 1. Primitive
or  common ;  the left  of  which arises  from the
aorta,  and the  right  from a trunk, common to it
and the subclavian. 2. External or pericephalic,
branch of the primitive, which extends from the
last to the neck of the condyle of  the lower jaw;
and, 3.  Internal, Arte'ria  cercbra'lis vel ence-
plmlica, another brauch of the primitive, which,
arising at the same place as the external, enters
tbe cranium, and terminates on a level with the
fissure of Sylvius, dividing into several branches.
  Carotid or Carotic Canal, Cana'lis Carol icus,
 Canal  injlexe de los temporal—(Ch.), Canal, caro-
tidien, is a canal in the temporal  bone, through
which  the carotid  artery and several  nervous
filaments pass.
  Carotid or Carotic Foram'ina,  Eoram'ina Ca-
rot'ica, (F.) Trous  carotidiens, are distinguished
into internal  and external.  They  are the foram-
ina at  each extremity of the Canalis Caroticus.
  Carotid Ganglion, see Carotid  nerve.
  Carotid Nerve, Carolic nerve, Xcrcus carol-
iens.  A branch from the superior cervical gan-
glion of the great sympathetic, which ascends by
the side of the internal carotid.   It divides into
two portions, which enter the carotid canal, and,
by  their communication with each other and the
petrosal branch of the vidian, form  the  carotid
plexus.  They also frequently  form a small gan-
gliform swelling on the under  part of the  artery
—the  carotic  or carotid  or cavernous ganglion,
ganglion of Laumonier.
  Carotid Plexus, see Carotid nerve.
   CAROTTE, Daucus carota.
  CAROUA, Carum (seed).
   CAROUBIER, Ceratonium  siliqua.
   CAROUGE, see  Ceratonium siliqua.
  CARPAL,  Carpa'lis; from  Kapiroi, 'the wrist.'
Belonging or relating to the carpus or wrist.
  CARPASA. Carbasa.
  CARPA'SIUM,  Car'pasum, and Carpe'sium.
Dioscorides, Pliny,  Galen, &c, have given these
names, and  that  of Carpasos,  to a plant, which
cannot now be determined, and whose juice, called
Opocar'pason, onoKapiraaov, passed for a violent,
narcotic poison, and was confounded with myrrh.
  CARPATHICUM,  see Pinus cembra.
  CARPE,  Carpus..
  CARPENTARIA,  Achillea millefolium.
  CARPENTER'S LEAF. Galax  aphylla
  CARPESIUM, Carpasium.
  CARPHO'DES, Carphoi'des, from naptpos, 'floc-
culus,'   and   ethos,  'resemblance.'   Flocculent,
stringy: — as  mucus carphodes,   flocculent  or
Stringy mucus.
  CARPHOLOG"IA, Tilmns,  Car-polocf'ia, Cro-
tidis'mus, Croci/dis'mns, Flocco'rum vena'tio, Floc-
cile'gium, Tricholog"ia, Crocidix'is. Floceila'tion,
Fioccita'tioii, from Kapipos, 'floc'culus,' and Xeyut,
'I collect,'or'pluck,' (F.) Carphologie.  Action
of gathering flocculi.  A delirious picking of the
bed-clothes, as  if to seek some  substance, or to
pull  the flocculi  from them.  It  denotes  great
cerebral  irritability and  debility, and is an  un-
favourable sign in fevers, Ac.
  CARPHOS, Trigonella fosnum.
  CARPIA, Linteum.
  CARPLEUS, Palmaris brevis.
  CAR'PIAL,  Car'pian, Carpia'nus, Carpia'lis,
(F.)  Carpien.   Belonging to the Carpus.
  Car'pial Lig'aments, (F.) Ligaments Carpiens,
are,  1. The fibrous fasciae, which unite the  bones
of the carpus; and, 2.  The  annular ligaments,
anterior and posterior.
  CARPIAN, Carpial.
  CARPIEN,  Carpial.
  CARPISMUS, Carpus
  C A R P 0 B A L S A M U M, see Amyris opobal -
samum.
  CARPOLOGIA,  Carphologia—c. Spasmodica,
Subsultus tendinum.
  CARPO-METACARPEUS MINIMI DIGITI,
Adductor metacarpi minimi digiti—c. Mitm-ar-
pien du petit doigt, Opponens  minimi digiti —
c. Mitncarpien du pouce, Opponens  pollicis — c.
Phalangeus minimi digiti, Abductor minimi digiti
— c. Phalangieu du petit doigt, Abductor minimi
digiti, Flexor parvus minimi digiti—c. Phalangieu
du pouce, Flexor brevis  pollicis manus—c. Sus-
phttliingien du  pouce, Abductor pollicis brevis.
  CARPO-PEDAL, from carpus, 'the wrist,' and
pes, pedis, 'the foot.'  Relating  to the wrist and
foot.
  Carpo-pedal Spasm, Cer'ebralspasmod'ic
croup.   A spasmodic affection of  the chest  and
larynx in young children, accompanied by gene-
ral or partial convulsions.  The disease commonly
occurs between the third  and ninth  month, and
is characterized by excessive dyspnoea, accompa-
nied by a loud croupy noise on  inspiration ; tbe
thumbs being  locked, and tbe  hands and  feet
rigidly bent for a longer or shorter period.   The
seat of the disease is evidently in the cerebro-
spinal  axis, primarily or secondarily: generally,
perhaps, it is  owing to erethism seated elsewhere,
but communicated  to the  cerebro-spinal centre,
and reflected  to the respiratory and other muscles
concerned. It seems to be connected  with dental
irritation; and consequently,  in the treatment,
where such is the case, the gums should be freely
divided; after  which, cathartics and revulsives,
with the use of narcotics  and  appropriate  diet,
will generally remove the affection; for although
extremely alarming, it is often not attended with
great danger.   See Asthma thymicum.
  CARPOS, Fruit.
  CARPOTTCA, from Kaprros, 'fruit.'  Diseases
affecting impregnation.  Irregularity,  difficulty
or danger produced by parturition :—the 3d or-
der, class Genetica, of Good.
  CARPUS,  Carpis'mus, Brachia'le, Rasce'ta,
Raste'ta, Rascha, Rase'ta, Raselta, Wrist, (Prov.)
Hand-wrist, Shackle, (F.) Carpe, Poignet.   The
part between   the fore-arm and  hand.  Eight
bones compose  it (in two rows).   Iu the superior
row there are, from without to within—the  Sca-
phoides  or navicula're, Luna're or semiluna're,
Cuneifor'me, and Orbicula're or pisifor'me.   In
the lower row—Trape'zium, Trapezoi'des, Mag-
num, and Uucifior'me.
  CARRAGEEN MOSS, Fucus  crispus.
  CARRE,  Quadratus— c. de  la Cuisse, Quad-
ratus femoris — c. des Lornbes,  Quadratus  lum-
borum — c. du  Menton. Depressor labii inferioris
—c. du Pied, Extensor brevis digitorum pedis.
  CARREAU, Tabes mesenterica. 
CARREE               172           C ARYOCOSTINUS
  CARREE, see Flexor longus  digitorum  pedis
profundus perforans (accessorius).
  CARRE LET,  (F.) Acus  triangularis.  A
straight  needle, two  or three  inches  long, the
point of  which  is  triangular;  and which  the
ancients  used  in different  operations.   Also,  a
wooden,  triangular  frame  for  fixing  a  cloth
through which  different pharmaceutical prepara-
tions are passed.
  CARRON OIL, Linimentum aquae calcis.
  CARROT, CANDY,  Athamanta cretensis—c.
Deadly, Thapsia.
  Carrot Plant, Daucus carota.
  CARTHAGENA BARKS, see Cinchona.
  CARTHAMUS MACULATUS, Carduus ma-
rianus.
  Car'thamus   Tincto'rius,  Am'yron,  Cnicus,
Crocus  German'icus  seu  Saracerlicus,  Oar'tha-
mnm officina'ram, Car'duus sativus, Safra'nutn,
S tffron-fiower,  Saffiower,  Safflow, Bastard Saf-
fron,  Dyer's   Saffron,  (F.) Carthame, Safran
bdtard,  Carthame  des  Teinturiers.  Ord.  Com-
positae.  Sex. Syst.  Syngenesia  Polygamia a?qua-
lis.  The seeds are aromatic, cathartic, and diu-
retic; yet to the parroquet they are an article of
food; hence their name,  Graines  de Parroquet.
The flowers, Car'thamus (Ph. U. S.), are employed
as a cosmetic, and are a reputed diaphoretic. [?]
  CARTHEGON, see Buxus.
  CAR'TILAGE, Chondros, Car-'tilago, Gristle,
(Sc.) Girsle, (F.) Cartilage.  A solid part of the
animal body,  of a  medium consistence between
bone and ligament, which in the foetus is a sub-
stitute for bone, but  in the adult exists only in
the  joints,  at  the  extremities   of the  ribs, <fec.
Cartilages are  of a whitish colour, flexible,  com-
pressible, and  very  elastic, and  some of  them
apparently  inorganic.  They are  composed, ac-
cording  to J. Davy,  of .44 albumen, .55 water,
and .01 phosphate of lime.
   CARTILAGE ANONYME,  Cricoid, (carti-
lage)—c. Epiglottic,  Epiglottis—c. Mticroni, Xi-
phoid Cartilage—c. Supra-arytenoid, Corniculum
laryngis—c. Tarsal, see Tarsus.
   Cartilages, Articular, Obdu'cent Car'tilages,
invest bony surfaces,  which  are in  contact; hence
they are called investing  or incrusting cartilages,
(F.) Cartilages de revetement ou d'encro&tement.
   Cartilages, Cuneiform, of the Larynx, see
 Cuneiform.
   CARTILAGES  EBURNES, see Eburnifica-
tion.
   Cartilages, Interarticular,  Menis'ci, are
such as  are situate within  the  joints, as in the
knee joint.
   Cartilages, Intervertebral,  see Interverte-
bral.
   Cartilages of  Ossifica'tion are such  as,  in
tbe  progress of ossification, have  to form an in-
tegrant part of bones; as those of the long bones
in the new-born infant.  They are termed tem-
 porary ;  the  others  being permanent.  All the
cartilages, with  the  exception  of the  articular,
are  surrounded by a membrane  analogous  to the
periosteum, called Perichon'drium.
   Cartilages  of the Ribs are, in some respects,
only prolongations of the ribs.  Those of the nose,
of the meatus  auditorius, and Eustachian  tube,
present a similar arrangement.  Other cartilages
resemble a union of fibrous and cartilaginous tex-
tures ; hence their  name Fibro-cartilages.
   Cartilages  of  Santorini,   Corniculum  La-
ryngis— c. Semilunar, see Semilunar — c. Sig-
moid,  Semilunar  cartilages — c.  of  Wrisberg,
Cuneiform Cartilages of the Larynx.
  CARTILAGINES  GUTTURALES,  Aryte-
noid cartilages—c. Semilunares, Semilunar car-
tilages—c. Sigmoideae,  Semilunar cartilages.
  Cartilaqinis Arytenoid.e.e Capitulum, Cor-
niculum larvngis.
  CARTILAG"INOUS,  Cartilagin'cus,  Gartilu-
gino'sus,  Chondro'des,  Chondral'des,  (F.) Curti-
lagineux.  Belonging to,  or resembling cartilage.
  Cartilaginous Tissue, see Tissue.
  CARTILAGO, Cartilage—c.  Clypealis, Thy-
roid cartilage—c. Ensiformis, Xiphoid  cartilage
—c. Gutturalis,  Arytenoid cartilage—c. Innomi.
nata, Cricoid—c. Mucronata, Xiphoid cartilage—
c. Peltalis, Thyroid  cartilage, Xiphoid cartilage—
c.  Peltatus, Thyroid cartilage — c.  Scutiformis,
Thyroid  cartilage—c. Uvifer, Uvula—c. Xiphoi-
des, Xiphoid cartilage.
  CARUM, from  Caria, a  province  of Asia.
A'pium seu Bu'nium seu Ligus'ticurn seu Ses'eli
carvi seu carum,  Sium  carvi,  Ca'reum,  Carum
car'vi, Carvi, Cumi'num praten'se, Cants, Car'non,
the Car'away, (F.) Carvi, Cumin des pi-is.  Order,
Umbellifene.   Sex. Syst. Pentandria  Digynia.
The seeds, Caraway seeds,  (Prov.)  Curvy seeds,
Carnaba'dia,  Car'oua,  Carum (Ph.  U. S.),  are
'carminative.   Dose, gr. x to 3'j> swallowed whole
or bruised.  The oil, Oleum Car'ui, (F.) Huile tie
carvi, has the properties  of the seeds.  Dose, gtt.
ij to vj.  Aqua  Car'ui,  Car'away Water, is offi-
cinal in  the  Pharmacopoeias of  London  and
Dublin.
  Carum Bulbocastanum, Bunium  bulboeasta-
num.
  CAR'UNCLE, Carun'eula, diminutive of euro,
'flesh.'   A small portion of flesh, Sar'cium, Sar-
cid'ium.   A fleshy excrescence,—Ecphy'ma car-
un'eula, (F.)  Caroncule.
  Caruncle,  Carnositas.
  Caruncles in the Urethra, Carnosities.
  CARUN'CULA  LACRYMA'LIS,  (F.)  Caroncule
lacrymale.  A small,  reddish,  follicular  body,
situate at the  inner angle of the  eye.  It secretes
a gummy substance.
  Caruncula Seminalis, Gallinaginis caput.
  CARUNCULyE CUTICULARES, Nymphse.
  Caruncula Mammilla'res.  The extremities
of  the  lactiferous  tubes in the  nipples.  The
olfactory nerves have been so called by some.
  Caruncula:  Myrtifor'mes,  C.  Vagina'les,
Glan'dula myrtifor'mes, (F.) Caronen/es ruyrti-
formes.   Small, reddish  tubercles, more  or less
firm, of variable form,  and uncertain  number,
situate near the orifice of the vagina, and formed
by  the  mucous  membrane.  They are  regarded
as the remains of the hymen.
  Caruncula PAPiLLARES,Papillae of the kidney.
  CARUX'CULOUS,  Carurlcular, (F.) Caroncu-
leux.  Relating to caruncles or carnosities.
  CARUON,  Carum.
  CARUS, Kapos, Sopor caro'ticus, Profound sleep.
The last degree of  coma, with complete insensi-
bility, which no stimulus can remove, even for a
few instants.   Sopor,  Coma, Lethttrgia, and Ca-
rus, are four degrees of the same condition.
  Carus Apoplexia, Apoplexy — c. Asphyxia,
Asphyxia—c. Catalepsia, Catalepsy—c. Ecstasis,
Ecstasis — c. Hydrocephalus, Hydrocephalus in-
ternus—c. ab Insolatione, Coup de soleil—c. Le-
thargus, Lethargy—c. Lethargus cataphora, Som-
nolency— c.  Lethargus  vigil,  Coma vigil — c.
Paralysis, Paralysis — c.  Paralysis  paraplegia,
Paraplegia—c. Veternus, Lethargy.
  CARVI, Carum.
  CARVY SEEDS, see  Carum.
  CARYA, Hickory, Juglans regia—c. Basilica,
Juglans regia.
  CARYDION, Corylus  avellana.
  CARYEDON CATAGMA, see Fracture.
  CARYOCOST'INUS,  Caryoeostinum. An elec-
tuary prepared of the costus and  other aromatio
substances, &c.  It was cathartic.   See  Confectio
scammoniae. 
CARYON
173
CASSUMUNIAR
  CARYON, Juglans regia—c. Ponticon, Corylus j
avellana (nut.)
  CARYOIMIYLLA, Geum urbanum.
  CARYOP1IYLLATA AQUATICA,  Geum ri-]
vale—c. Nutans, Geum rivale—c. Urbana, Geum
urbanum—c Vulgaris, Geum urbanum.
  CARVOI'UVLLUM RUBRUM, Dianthus ca-

° CARYOPIIYLLUS AMERICANUS, see Myr-
tus pimenta—c. Aromaticus, Eugenia caryophyl-
lata — c, Hortensis, Dianthus caryophyllus — c.
Pimenta,  Myrtus  Pimenta — c.  Vulgaris, Geum
urbanum.
  CARYO'TI.  The best kind of dates.—Galen.
   CAS PARES (F.), Rare cases.   This term is
used, by tbe French, for pathological facts, which
vary from what is usual.  See a celebrated article
under this head  in the Dictionnaire des Sciences
Midicales, Vol. IV.
   CASAMUM. Cyclamen.
   CAS A M UN All, Cassumuniar.
   CASCADING, Vomiting.
   CAS'CARA, CASCAFIL'LA.  Spanish words,
 which signify bark and little bark,  under which
 appellations the  bark (Cinchona)  is  known in
 Peru.  They are now applied to the bark of Cro-
 ton cascarilla.   The  bark-gatherers  are  called
 Cascarillcros.
   CASCARILLA, Cascara, Croton cascarilla — c.
 Carabayn,  see Cinchonae cordifoliae cortex — c.
 Colorada, Cinchonae oblongifoliae cortex—c. Roxa,
 Cinchonae oblongifoliae cortex.
    CASCAR ILL EROS, see Cascara.
    CASCHEU, Catechu.
    CASE, Capsa, Theca, (F.)  Caisse.  This  name
 is  given to boxes for the preservation  of instru-
 ments, or of  medicines  necessary in hospital or
 other service.  We say, e.  g. — A case of ampu-
 tating, or ofi trepanning instruments.  A pocket
 case,  Armaiuentilriiim portab'ile,  (F.) Trousse,
 contains  the  smaller instruments in constant use
 with the surgeon.
    Case,  Casus, from cadere,  casum, 'to fall.'
  The condition of a patient; — as a  case of fever,
  &c.   (F.)  Observation.  Also,  the  history  of a
  disease.
    CASEARIUS, Cheesy.
    CA/SEIN, Caseine, Ca'seum,  Galactine, Tyrine,
  Lactalbu'men, Caseous  matter,  (F.) Casiine, Mn-
  tih-c caseuse, from  enseus,  'cheese.'  The  only
  nitrogenized constituent of milk.   It is identical
  in composition  with the  chief constituents of
  blood,—fibrin and albumen, all being compounds
  of protein.  A similar principle  exists in the vege-
  table, Vegetable Casein or Legu'rnin,  Veg"etable
  Gluten.  It is chiefly found in  leguminous seeds
  —peas, beans, lentils.  Like vegetable albumen,
  Casein  is  soluble in water; and the  solution is
  not eoagulable by heat.
    Casein, Blood Globulin—c.  of the  Saliva, see
  Saliva—c. of the Small intestine, Albuminose.
    CASEOSUS,  Cheesy.
    CASEOUS MATTER, Casein.
    CASEUM, Casein.
    CASEUS. Cheese—c. Equinus, Hippace.
    CASE UN, Cheesy.
    CASHEW, Anacardium oceidentale.
    CASILOO.  An aromatic drug of Hiudoostan,
  said to possess pectoral virtues.
    CAS110W, Catechu.
    CAS I A. Laurus cassia.
    CASMIXA, Cassumuniar.
    CASMOXAR, Cassumuniar.
    CASSA, Thorax.
    CASSADA ROOT. Jatropha manihot.
    CASSAVA, BITTER, Jatropha manihot—c.
  Root. Jatropha manihot.
    CASSE AROMATIQUE,  Laurus cassia — c.
  en Batons, Cassia ti.-tula—c. en Bois, Laurus cas-
sia— c. des Boutiques, Cassia fistula — c. Sini,
Cassia senna.
   CASSE-LUNETTE, Centaurea cyanus, Cya-
nus segetum, Euphrasia officinalis.
   CASSEENA, Ilex vomitoria.
   CASSENOLES, see Quercus infectoria.
   CASSIA, Laurus cassia—c. Absus, Absus — c.
Acutifolia, C. senna — c.  ^Egyptian, C. senna —
c. Alexandrina, C. fistula — c. Bonplandiana, C.
fistula-
   CASSIA  Cham^ccris'tA, Prairie  senna, Par-
tridge Pea,  Wild  Senna, an indigenous  plant,
 Order, Leguminosae, which flowers in August.  It
resembles  Cassia Marilandica in properties.
   Cassia  Cinnamomea, Laurus  cassia — c.  Ca-
ryophyllata, Myrtus caryophyllata — c. Canella,
 Laurus  cassia — c. Egyptian, Cassia senna — c.
 Excelsa, C. fistula.
   Cas'siA Fis'TULA, C. nigra  seu fistnla'ris seu
 Alexantlri'na  seu  excelsa  seu  BonjAanditl nn,
 Carina,  C. solutl'ra seu fistula, Cathartocar'pus,
 Bnetyrilo'bitint fis'tula, Purging Cassia,  (F.) Casse
 Cnnejic'er, Cunificier ou en Batons ou des Bou-
 tiques.  The pulp of Cassia Fis'tula or Catharto-
 car'pus Fistula, Pudding pipe tree; Earn. Legu-
 minosae; Sex. Syst. Decandria Monogynia, Pitlpa
 Cas'sia,   Cassia  Aramerltum,  Cassia  Fistula
 Pulpa,  (Ph.  U. S.),  which is obtained  in long
 pods, is black, bright, and shining; sweet,  slightly
 acid,  and  inodorous.  It is laxative in the dose
 of ^iv to  3J.
   Cassia Lanceolata,  C. senna—c.  Lignea,
 Laurus  cassia — c. Lignea  Malabarica,  Laurus
 cassia.
   Cassia  Marilan'dica,  Senna  America'na,
 American or  Wild Senna, Locust plant, (F.) Sine
 dAmirique.  The leaves of this plant are similar,
 in virtue, to,those of cassia  senna.   They are,
 however,  much inferior in strength.
   Cassia Nigra,  C.  fistula — c.  Officinalis, C.
 senna—c. Orientalis,  C.  senna—c. Purging, Cas-
 sia fistula.
    Cassia Senna, C. lanceola'ta sen  acutifo'lia
 seu orienta'lis  sea officina'lis.  The name of tho
 plant which  affords senna.  It  is yielded, how-
 ever, by several species of the genus cassia.   The
 leaves of senna, Senna Folia, Senna Alexandri-
 na  seu Italica, Sena, Senna or ^Egyptian Cassia,
 (F.)  Sini, Casse Sine, have  a  faint  smell,  and
 bitterish  taste.  The active part, by some called
  Cathartin, is  extracted by  alcohol and water.
 Their activity  is injured by boiling water.  They
 are a hydrngogue cathartic, and  apt to gripe.
  Dose of the  powder, Qj to gj.   Infusion is tbe
  best  form.
    The varieties of senna, in commerce,  are  Tin-
  nivelly Senna, Bombay or  Common India Senna,
  Alexandrian  Senna,  Tripoli Senna, and Aleppo

    CASSLE ARAMENTUM, see Cassia  fistula—
  c.  Fistulae pulpa, see Cassia fistula —c. Flores,
  see Laurus cinnamomum.
    CASSIALA, Hyssopus.
    CASSIDA GALERICULATA, Scutellaria ga-
  lericulata.
     CASSTDE  BLEUE,  Scutellaria galericulata.
    CASSINA,  Ilex vomitoria.
    CASSIXE CAROLINIANA, Ilex paraguensis
  —c. Evergreen, Ilex vomitoria—c. Peragua, Ilex
  paraguensis.
     CASSIS, Ribes nigrum.
     CASSITEROS, Tin.
     C A S S U M U ' N I A R,  Casamu'nar, Casmonar,
   Zerumbet, Casmina, Ri'sagon, Ben'gale Indo'rum,
   Bengal Root,  (F.) Racine de Bengale.   A  root,
.   obtained from the East  Indies, in irregular slices
   of various forms ; some cut transversely, others
.   longitudinally.  It is an  aromatic bitter, and is
-1|  consequently  tonic and stimulant.  It  was  onco 
CASSUVIUM  POMIFERUM     17
4          CATAGOGLOSSUM
considered  a  panacea, and has  been referred to
Zingiber Cassumuniar, Z. Clifford'ia seu purprl-
rettm, Amo'mum  montilnnm, and to Zingiber Ze-
rumbet seu spu'rium, Amo'mum Zerumbet seu syl-

  CASSUVIUM   POMIFERUM,  Anacardium
occidentale.
  CAS'SYTA FILIFORM'IS.  A South African
plant, AV. Ord. Laurineae,  which  is employed
by the Cape colonists as a wash in  scald head,
and as an antiparasitic.
  CAST, Contortion, Caste — c. in the Eye, see
Strabismus.
  CASTALIA SPECIOSA, Nymphaea alba.
  CASTANEA, Fagus castanea: see, also, Fagus
castanea pumila—c. Equina, ^Esculus Hippocas-
tanum—c. Pumila, Fagus castanea pumila.
  CASTE, Cast, from (P.) Casta, 'race or lineage.'
A name  given, by the Portuguese  in  India, to
classes of society,  divided according to occupa-
tions, which  have remained distinct from the
earliest times.  Hence a separate and fixed order
or class.   See Half-caste.
  CASTELLAMARE DI STABIA, WATERS
OF.   Castellamare di Stabia is a town in Naples,
in  the Principato Citra,  15 miles S. S. E. of Na-
ples.  There  are  two springs,  the  one sulphu-
reous, the other chalybeate.
  CASTELLETTO  ADONO,  WATERS  OF.
These waters, situate near Acqui, in Italy, are
sulphureous.
  CASTERA-VIVENT,  WATERS  OF.   Cas-
tera-Vivent is a small village in  the  department
of Gers, near which is  a cold  acidulous chaly-
beate, and another  which is sulphureous and
thermal.   Temp. 84° Fahrenheit.
  CASTIGANS, Corrigent.
  CASTIGLIO'NIA LOBA'TA, Pinoncillo tree.
A tree, which is cultivated in some parts of Peru,
and grows wild in abundance.  Its beautiful  fruit,
when roasted, has  an agreeable flavour.  When
an incision is made into the stem, a  clear bright
liquid flows out, which, after some time, becomes
black and horny-like.  It is a  very powerful
caustic.
  CASTILLON POWDERS, see Powders, Cas-
tillon.
  CASTING, Vomiting.
  CASTJOE, Catechu.
  CASTLE-LEOD, WATERS  OF.  A sulphu-
reous spring  in  Ross-shire,  Scotland, celebrated
for the cure of cutaneous and other diseases.
  CASTOR BAlr, Magnolia glauca.
  Castor  Fiber,  Fiber,  Canis  Pon'ticus, the
Rearer.  \F.) Castor.  It furnishes  the  Castor.
Rondelet recommends slippers  made of its skin
in gout.  Its  blood, urine, bile, and fat, were for-
merly used in medicine.
  Castor Oil Plant, Ricinus communis.
  CASTO'REUM, Chsto'rium, Castor, Castoreum
Ros'sicum et  Canaderlse, from Kaorurp, ' the bea-
ver,' quasi yaariop, from yaarnp, ' the belly,' be-
cause of the size  of its belly. [?]  A peculiar
matter found in the follicles of the prepuce of the
beaver,  Castor fiber.  Its odour is strong, unplea-
sant,  and peculiar;  taste bitter, subacrid;  and
colour orange brown.  It is  antispasmodic, and
often employed.  Dose,  gr. x to ^j.
  CASTORIXTA, from Castoreum, 'castor.'  Me-
dicines containing castor.
  CASTRAXGULA, Scrophularia aquatica.
  CAST RAT, Castratus.
  CASTRA'TION, Castra'tio, Ec'tome, Ectom'ia,
Evira'tio, Excastra'tio, Etesticula'tio, Exlirpa'tio
testiculo'rum, Detesta'tio, Exsec'tio viril'ium, Eu-
nuchis'mus, Orchotom'ia, Orch.eot'omy, Orchidol-
omy,  Gelding,  Spaying,  (F.)  Clidtrure.  The
operation of removing the testicles.  Sometimes
the term is employed for the operation when per-1
formed on one  testicle; hence the division into
complete  and incomplete castration.   Castration
renders the individual incapable of reproduction.
  The term Spaying is  usually restricted to the
removal of the  ovaries.
  CASTRA TO, Castratus.
  CASTRA'TUS,  (I.) Castra'to,  Ectom'iui,
Eniascula'tus, Evira'tus, Exsec'tus, Dcsec'tus, Ex-
testicula'tus, Ex maribus, Intestab'ilis, Intesta'ttts,
Spado, Apoc'opus,  Bago'as,  from castrare, ' to
castrate.'  (F.) Castrat,  Chdtri.  One deprived
of testicles.   In the Southern States  an animal
thus situated is said to be altered.  This priva-
tion has a great influence on the development of
puberty.   It is  practised to procure a clearer and
sharper voice ;  and in the East, the guardians of
the harem, for the sake of security, are converted
into Castra'ti  or Eu'nuchs,  evvov\ot.  Enniicht
have generally  both testes and penis removed.
  CASUS,  Prolapsus,  Symptom — c. Palpebra)
superioris, Blepharoptosis—c. Uvulae,  Staphyle-
dema.
  CAT FOOT,  Gnaphalium polycephalum.
  CAT TAIL,  Typha latifolia.
  CATA,  Kara, 'downwards.' 'after,'applied to
time: at times, it gives additional  force to tbe
radical word.  A common prefix, as in—
  CATAB'ASIS, from  KaTafSaivor,  'I descend.'
An  expulsion of humours downwards.  Also, a
descent, Descen'sus, Descen'sio, — as of  the tes-
ticles, Descerlbus testiculo'rum.
  CATABLE'MA, KarafiXnpa, (kutu and jiaXXttv,)
'anything let fall, as a curtain,' Epible'ma, Pe-
rible'ma.   The outermost bandage which secures
the rest.
  CATABYTHISMOMA'NIA,  from  KaTafrreio-
pos,' submersion,' and pavta, ' mania.'  Insanity,
with a propensity to suicide by drowning.
  CATACASMUS, Cupping, Scarification.
  CATACAUMA, Burn.
  CATACAUSIS, Combustion, human—c. Ebri-
osa, Combustion, human.
  CATACERAS'TICUS, from KaTaKzpawvpi, 'I
temper,' ' I correct.'  The same as Epicerasticus.
A medicine capable  of blunting acrimony of the
humours.
  CATACHASMOS, Scarification
  CATACHRISIS, Inunction.
  CATACHRISTON, Liniment.
  CATACH'YSIS, Effu'sio, Perfiu'sio, from Kara-
Xear, ' I pour upon.  Affusion  with cold water. —
Hippocrates.  Decantation.
  CATACLASIS, from KaraKXafa,  'I break to
pieces.'  Cam'pylum, Campylo'tis.  Distortion, or
spasmodic fixation of the eyes; spasmodic occlu-
sion of the eyelids.   Also, fracture of a  bone.—
Hippocrates, Vogel.
  CATACLEIS', from Kara, 'beneath,' and kXcis,
' the clavicle;'  ' a lock or fastening,' /cara/rAtm
(«ara and kXsiut), I lock  up.  This term has been
applied to many parts, as to the first  rib,  the
acromion, the joining of  the sternum with  the
ribs, &c.
  CATACLEI'SIS,  same etymon. A locking up.
Theactof lockingup. Morbid union of the eye-lids.
  CATACLYS'MUS,  Cataclys'ma,   Cata'clysit,
from KaraKXv^ctv, ' to  submerge,  inundate.'  A
Clyster.—Hippocr.  Others mean, by the term, a
shower-bath, or copious affusion of water;  Cata-
one'sis.   Ablution, Douche.
  CAT^EONESIS, Catantlema, Cataclysmus.
  CATAGAUNA. Cambogia.
  CATAGLOSSUM, Glossocatochus.
  CATAGMA,  Fracture—c. Fissura, Fissure, see
Contrafissura—c. Fractura, Fracture.
  CATAGMAT'ICS, Catagmalica remed'iafrora
Karayua,  ' fracture.'  Remedies supposed  to be
capable of occasioning the formation of callus.
  CATAGOGLOS'SUM, from Karayeiv, 'to draw 
CATAGRAPHOLOGIA        175             CATAPLASMA
down,' and yXurtro-a, 'the tongue.'  An instrument
for pressing down  the  tongue.   See Glossocato-
chus.
  CATAGRAPHOLOGIA,Pharmacocatagrapho-
logia.
  CAT AIRE, Nepeta, see Frimissement cataire.
  CATALEX'TIA.  Epilepsy, or  some disease
resembling it.—Paracelsus.
  CATALEPSIA  SPURIA, Ecstasis.
  CATALEP'SY,  Catalep'sia,  Catalep'sis, Cat'-
oche, Ctit'oclins, Culocha Gale'ni, Morbus at ton'-
itns  Celsi, Hyste'rin cntalejr'tica, Congeltltio,  De-
ten'tio,Encatnlep'sis, A plant in—(Hippocr.,)A)iau'-
dia — (Antigenes,) Apprehen'sio, Contempla'tio,
Stupor viif'ilans, Prchen'sio, Cams Catalep'sia,
Oppres'sio, Cornprehen'sio—(Cael. Aurelian,) Com-
pren'sio,Apoplex'ia Catalep'sia,from KaraXapjiavui,
' I seize hold of.'  Trance [?]  (F.) Catalepsie. A
disease in which there is sudden suspension of
the  action of  tbe  senses and  of volition ;  the
limbs and trunk preserving the different positions
given to them.  It is a rare affection, but is seen,
at times,  as a form of  hysteria.  Some of the
Greek writers have used the word in its true ac-
ceptation of a seizure,  surprise, &c.
  CATALEPTIC, Cata!ep'ticus,(F.)Cataleptique.
Same etymon.   Relating to catalepsy.  Affected
with catalepsy.
  Catalep'tic Method, Meth'odus Catalcp'tica.
The administration of  external agents when in-
ternal agents are inapplicable.
  CATALOTTC, Catalolicus, from KaraXoatir, 'to
break or grind down.'  A remedy which removes
unseemly cicatrices.
  CATAL'PA, C.  Arbo'rea seu  Cordifo'lia  seu
Arbores'cens seu BignonioVdes seu Syringafo'lia,
Bigno'nia  Catalpa, Catmo'ba  tree, Bean  tree,
Indian Bean.  A  decoction  of the pods of the
Catalpa, an American  tree, of the  Order Bigno-
niacea3, Didynamia Angiospermia, has been re-
commended in chronic nervous asthma.
  Catalpa Arborea, Catalpa—c.  Bignonioides,
Catalpa—c. Cordifolia, Catalpa—c.  Syringaefolia,
Catalpa.
  CATAL'Y'SIS, Paralysis, from Kara, and Auo>,
'I dissolve or decompose.'  The action of pre-
tence in producing decomposition; as when  a
body which possesses what  has  been termed ca-
talytic force — (F.) Force catalytiqrte — resolves
other  bodies into  new compounds  by  mere con-
tact or presence, without itself experiencing  any
modification.
  CATALYTTC,  Catalylicus.   Same etymon.
A medicine, which is presumed to act by the  de-
struction or counteraction of morbid agencies in
the blood.—Headland.  See Catalysis.
  CATALYTIC FORCE, see Catalysis.
  CATAMEXTA,  Menses—c. Alba, Leucorrhoea.
  CATAME'NIAL, Catamenia'lis, Men'strual,
Men'struus, Men'struous,  (F.)  Menstruel,  from
Kar.r, and priv, ' a month.'  Appertaining or rela-
ting to the catamenia.
  CATAMENIORUxM FLUXUS IMMODICUS,
Menorrhagia.
  CATANANCE.  Cichorium intybus.
  CATANGEEOS, Ruseus.
  CATANTLE'MA,   Catantle'sis,   from   Kara,
'upon,' and  avrXaur, ' I pour.'   Cateone'sis and
Cataone'sis.  Ablution with warm water.   A fo-
mentation.— Moschion, Marcellus Empiricus.
  CATAPAS'MA, from icarairao-o-u), ' I sprinkle.'
Catapas'tum,  Cotisper'sio,  Epipas'ton,  Pasma,
Sympas'ma, Empas'nia, Diapas'ma, Ner'ion,  As-
per'sio, Epispas'tum, Pulvis asperso'rius. A com-
pound medicine, in the form of powder, employed
by the ancients to  sprinkle on ulcers, absorb per-
spiration, Ac. -Paulus of jEgina.
  CATAPH'ORA,  'a  fall,'  from  Karaipepta,  'I
throw  down.'  A  state  resembling sleep, with
privation  of feeling and  voice.   Somnolency.
According to others, Cataphora is simply a pro-
found  sleep, which it is difficult to rouse from—
in this sense being synonymous with Sopor.
   Cataphora Coma, see Apoplexy — c. Hydro-
cephalica, see Apoplexy — c.  Cymini, Theriaca
Londinensis—c. Magnetica, Somnambulism, mag-
netic.
   CATAPHRAC'TA,  Cataphrac'tes,  a  Cuirass,
from Karatppaoao), ' I fortify.'  A name given  by
Galen  to  a bandage applied  round  the thorax
and shoulders.   It was also called Quadrlqa.
   CATAPIESIS,  Depression.
   CATAPINOSIS, Absorption.
   CATAP'LASIS,  from   KuTinrXaaaw,  'to  be-
smear.'  The  act  of besmearing or  overlaying
with plaster.
   C A  T ' A P L A S M,  Cataplas'ma,  Epiplas'-
ma, Poultice,   Puftise,  (Prov.)  Pttlsey,  from
KOTOTtXaooeiv, (kutu  and -nXnaativ,  'to form  or
mould,')  'to  besmear.'   (F.)  Cataplasme.   A
medicine  applied externally, under the form of a
thick pap.  Cataplasms are formed of various in-
gredients, and for different  objects.  They may
be anodyne, emollient, tonic, antiseptic, irritating,
Ac. A simple poultice acts only by virtue of its
warmth and moisture.  Mealy, fatty  substances,
leaves of plants, certain fruits, crumb of bread,
&c., are the most common bases. The chief poul-
tices which have been  officinal  are the following:
—Anodyne — c. Cicutas, c. Digitalis.   Antiseptic
—c. Carbonis, c. Dauci, c.  Fermenti, c. Acetosa;,
c. Cumini.  Emollient—c. Lini, c. Panis, c. .Mali
maturi.   Irritating—c. Sinapis, c. Sodii chloridi,
c.  Quercus Miirini.   Tonic  and Astringent — c.
Alum, c.  Goulard, c. of Roses.
   The Parisian  Codex had  some other  officinal
cataplasms:—1.  Cataplas'ma anod'ynum, made of
poppy and hyoscyamus. 2.  Cataplas'ma emolliens,
made of meal and pulps.  3.  Cataplas'ma ad sup-
puratio'nem promoven'dam, of pulps and basilicon.
4. Cataplas'ma rubefia'ciens vel antipleurit'icum,
formed of pepper and vinegar.
   The only cataplasms, the preparation of which
it is important  to describe, are some  of  the fol-
lowing :—
   Cataplasm, Alum, Coagulum  Aluminosum —
c. of Beer grounds, see Cataplasma Fermenti —
c. Carrot, Cataplasma  Dauei—c. Charcoal, Cata-
plasma carbonis ligni — c. of Chlorinated  Soda,
Cataplasma Sodas  chlorinata;—c. Flaxseed, Cata-
plasma Lini—c.  Hemlock, Cataplasma Conii—c.
Ice, see Ice — c. Linseed,  Cataplasma Lini — c.
Slippery Elm, Cataplasma  Ulmi—c. Y'east, Cata-
plasma Fermenti.
   CATAPLASMA, Cataplasm —c. Bynes, see C.
Fermenti.
   Cataplas'ma  Carbo'nis, Char-coal Cataplasm
or poultice, (F.)  Cataplasme  art charbon.  Made
by adding powdered charcoal to a common cata-
plasm.  Used as an  antiseptic  to foul ulcers,  &c.
   Cataplas'ma  Coni'i, Hemlock Cataplasm, made
by spreading soft Extract of Hemlock on a flax-
seed poultice.  Used in malignant painful ulcers.
   Cataplas'ma  Dauci, Carrot  Cataplasm  or
poultice.  Made  by boiling  tbe  root of the Carrot
until it is soft enough to form  a poultice.  Used
in fetid ulcers.
   Cataplasma Fjecvlje Cereyisi.e, see C. Fer-
menti.
   Cataplas'ma  Ferment'i.C. efferves'cens, Yeast
Cataplasm or poultice, (F.) Cataplasme de Levure.
(Take  of wheaten flour, Ibj ; yeast and u-ater,  5a,
f^v.  Expose to a gentle heat.)  It is antiseptic,
and a good application to bruises. A  Cataplasm
of Beer Grounds, Cataplasma  Fa'cula  Cerevis'ia,
C. Bynes,  is used in the same cases.
   Cataplas'ma  Lini, Linseed or Flaxseed Cata-
plasm, (F.) Cataplasme de farine de  Lin, Cata- 
CATAPLASME             17
G
CATARACT
plasme commun, made by mixing boiling water
with Unseed meal, is an excellent, emollient.
  Cataplas'ma  Sina'pis,  C.  Sinn'peos,  Sinbt-
pism, Mustard Cataplasm, poultice or plaster, (F.)
Cataplasme de Moutard ou Siniipisme.  (Mustard
and  linseed meal or meal, aa, equal parts; warm
vinegar or water, q. s.)  A rubefacient and stimu-
lant applied to the soles of the feet in coma, low
typhus, &c, as well as to the pained part in rheu-
matism, &c.
  Cataplas'ma  Sod.e  Chlorina'T/E, Cataplasm
ofi Chlo'rinated Soda. Made by adding solution ofi
chlorinated soda to a common Jlaxseed cataplasm.
Applied to foul, offensive ulcers.
  Cataplas'ma  Ulmi,  Slippery  Elm poultice, is
made  by adding  boiling water to the  powdered
bark of Ulnius fulva, stirring constantly.   It is a
light, agreeable cataplasm.
  CATAPLASME, Cataplasm —c. ait Charbon,
Cataplasma carbonis ligni—c.  de Farine  de Lin,
Cataplasma lini.
  CATAPLEXTS, Stupor, from Kara, and nXnaaur,
'I strike.'  The act of striking with amazement.
Appearance of astonishment, as exhibited by the
eyes in particular.  See Hoemodia.
  CATAPOSIS, Deglutition.
  CATAPOTIA. Pilula.
  CATAPOTIOX, Pilula.
  CATAPSYXTS, from Kora^x^,' I refrigerate.'
Peripsyx'is.   Considerable coldness of the body,
without rigor and horripilatio.—Galen. Perfric'-
tio.  Coldness in the extreme parts of the limbs.
—Hippocrates.
  CATAPTO'SIS, Deciden'tia, a fall.  This word,
at times, expresses the fall of a patient, attacked
with epilepsy or apoplexy; at others, the sudden
resolution of a paralytic limb.
  CATAPULTA VIRILIS, Penis.
  CATAPUTIA  MINOR, Euphorbia lathyris,
Ricinus communis.
  CAT'ARACT, Catarac'ta, Catarrhac'ta, Stiffti'-
sio Oc'nli, S. Lentis crystallina, Phtharma cata-
rac'ta, Caligo lentis, Gutta opa'ca, Hypoc'hyma,
Hopoc'hysis, Hopoph'ysis, Phacoscoto'ma,  Parop'-
sis  catarac'ta, Glauco'ma  Woulhou'si, from koto-
poatretv, (koto and paaactv,) 'to tumble down.'  A
deprivation of sight, which comes on as if a veil
fell  before the eyes.  Cataract consists in opacity
of the crystalline lens or its capsule, which  pre-
vents  the  passage of the rays of light, and  pre-
cludes vision.   The causes are obscure.   Diag-
nosis.  — The patient is blind, the pupil seems
closed by an opake body, of variable colour, but
commonly whitish : — the pupil  contracting and
dilating.  Cataracts have  been divided, by some,
into spurious and genuine.  The former; where
the obstacle to vision is between the capsule of
the lens and the uvea: the latter,  where  it is in
the lens or capsule.  A  lenticular- cataract  is
where the affection is seated in the lens;—a cap-
sular  or membranous, in the capsule.  The cap-
sular  is divided again, by  Beer, into the anterior,
posterior, and complete caprsnlar cataract. When
the capsule is rendered opake,  in consequence
of  an  injury, which cuts or ruptures any part of
it, it thickens,  becomes leathery, and has  been
 called Catarac'ta aritla siliqno'sa.  Catarac'ta
Morgagnia'na lactea seu purifor'mis is the milky
variety, in which  the crystalline  is transformed
into a liquid similar to  milk,  (F.)  Cataracte lai-
 teuse ; or, as generally defined, in which there is
opacity of the fluid situate between the lens and
its capsule.   The cap'sulo-lentic'ular affects both
lens and  capsule, (Achrystallodiaphanie, Adia-
phanie pirichrystaltique—Piorry,) and Beer con-
ceives the liquor Morgagni, in an altered state,
may contribute to it.  Cataracts  are also called
hard,  soft (Phaeomala'cia,), stony, (F. pierreuse,)
milky or cheesy (laiteuse ou casiuse,), Galactocata-
rac'ta, Catarac'ta lactic'olor, according to their
density : —white, pearly, yellow, brown,  gray,
green, black, (F.) blanche, periic, jaune,  bnine,
grise, verte, noire, according to their colour: —
fixed or vacillating — catarac'ta capsulo-tenticu-
la'ris fixa vel trenlula,  (F.) fixe ou brnnlnnte,
according as  they are fixed or movable behind
the pupil.  They are likewise called Catarac'ttB
marmora'cia, fenestra'ta,  stella'ta,  punettlta,
dimidia'ta, &c, according  to  the appearances
they present.
  They may be  simple, or  complicated  with
adhesion,  amaurosis, specks, &c.; and primary
or primitive,  when opake before the operation;—
secondary, when the opacity is  the result of the
operation.
  The following classification of  cataracts  is  by
M. Desmarres:—

           Class  I.— True Cataracts.
Lenticular
 Cataracts.
Hard.
Soft.
 b.  Capsular
  Cataracts.
 c.  Capsulo-
 ventricular
  Cataracts.

d.  Secondary
  Cataracts.
 Liquid.

 Other  varie-
 ties,soft.hard,
_ or liquid.
    terior.
 Posterior.
f An
[Po!
               (Green.
               Black.
               Osseous.
               Stony or chalky.
              f Striated,etioliited,
                 barred, dehis-
                 cent, with three
                 branches, &e.
              ■{ Disseminated,  or
                 dotted.
               Congenital.
               Traumatic.
               Glaucomatous.
              ' Morgagnian,   or
                 interstitial.
              "j Cystic,  purulent,
                'fetid.
               Shaking, or float-
                 ing.
               Luxated.
               Pyramidal or ve-
                 getant.
               Arid siliquose.
All the varieties of lenticular and
  capsular Cataracts.

Lenticular.
Capsular.
Capsulo-lenticular.
          Class II.—False Cataracts.

                 Fibrinous.
                 Purulent.
                 Sanguineous.
                 Pigmentous.

  Cataract is commonly a disease of elderly indi-
viduals, although, not  unfrequently, eongen'ital.
It forms  slowly;  objects are  at  first  seen  as
through a mist; light bodies appear to fly  before
the eyes, and it is not until after months or years
that the sight is wholly lost.  No means will ob-
viate the evil except an operation, which consists
in removing the obstacle to  the  passage  of tbe
light to the retina.   Four chief methods are em-
ployed for this purpose.  1. Couching or Depres-
sion, Hyalonix'is, Hyalonyx'is, (F.) Abaissement,
Diplacement de la Cataracte.   This consists  in
passing a cataract needle through  the sclerotica
and subjacent membranes,  a  little above  the
transverse diameter of the eye; and at about two
lines' distance from the  circumferance of tbe
transparent cornea, until the point arrives  in tbe
posterior chamber  of the eye.  With  this  the
crystalline is depressed to the outer and lower
part of the globe of the  eye,  where it is left.
2. By absorption, — by the French  termed broie-
ment or bruising.   This is performed in the same
manner as  the former; except that, instead of 
CATARACTA             177             CATARTISMUS
turning the crystalline from the axis of the visual
rays,  it is dividcil  by the cutting edge of  the
needle,  and its  fragments are scattered  in  the
humours of the  eye,  where they  are absorbed.
3. By extraction, which consists in opening, with
a particular kind of knife, the transparent cornea
and  the anterior portion of the capsule of  the
crystalline; and causing the lens to issue through
the aperture.  Each of the processes has its  ad-
vantages and disadvantages, and all are used by
surgeons.   4. Some,  again, pass a cataract needle
through the transparent cornea and pupil  to  the
crystalline, and  depress or cause its absorption.
This is called Ceratonyxis. See, also, Reclination.
   Cat\ract, Black,  Amaurosis — c. Capsular,
Bee Cataract—c. Capsulo-lenticular, see  Cataract
— c. Central,  Centradiaphanes — c.  Cheesy,  see
Cataract — c. Congenital, see  Cataract—c. Com-
plicated, see Cataract — c. Fixed, see Cataract —
c. Genuine, see  Cataract—c.  Hard, see  Cataract
— c. Lenticular, see Cataract — c. Membranous,
see Cataract—c. Milky, see Cataract — c. Opake,
Bee Cataract—c. Primary, see Cataract.—c. Primi-
 tive, sec Cataract—c.  Secondary,  see  Cataract—
 c. Simple, see Cataract—c. Soft, see Cataract—c.
 Spurious, see Cataract — c. Stony, see Cataract—
 0. Vacillating, see Cataract.
   CATARAC'TA, Cataract—c. Arida siliquosa,
 see  Cataract — c. Capsulo-lenticularis, see  Cata-
 ract—c. Centralis, Centradiaphanes — c. Dimidi-
 ata, see Cataract — c.  Fenestrata, see Cataract —
 c. Glauca, Glaucoma—c. Lacticolor, see  Cataract
 — c. Liquida, Hygrocataracta—c. Marmoracea,
 see Cataract — c. Morgagniana, see Cataract—c.
 Nigra. Amaurosis—c.  Punctata, see Cataract—c.
 Stellata, see Cataract.
   CATARACTE, ABATSSEMEXT DE LA, see
 Cataract—c. Blanche, see Cataract—c. Bran/ante,
 see Cataract—c. Brittle, see Cataract—c. Casiuse,
 see Cataract—c. Diplacement de la, see  Cataract
 —c. Fixe, see Cataract—c. Grise, see Cataract—
 c. Jaune, see Cataract—c. Laiteuse, see  Cataract
 — c. A'oire, Amaurosis, see Cataract — c. I'erlie,
 see Cataract—c. Pierreuse, see Cataract—e.  Vcrte,
 see Cataract.
   CATARACTE (F.),  Catarac'tns,  Catarac'ta,
 vitia'tus.  One affected with cataract.  The French
 use this term, both for the eye affected with cata-
 ract and the patient himself.
   CATARIA, see Nepeta—c. Vulgaris, Nepeta.
   CATARRH', Catar'rhus, Catar'rhopus,  Cntar-
 rheu'mn,  Rhcuma, Dc/ln.c'io, Catttstag'ma, Phteg-
 matorrhag' in .Phlegmatorrha'a, from Kara, 'down-
 wards,' and peur, ' I  flow.'  A discharge  of fluid
 from a mucous membrane. The ancients consi-
 dered catarrh as a simple  flux, and not as an in-
 flammation.   Generally  it partakes of this cha-
 racter, however.  Catarrh is, with  us,  usually
 restricted  to inflammation of the  mucous mem-
 brane of  the air-passages : the French extend it
 to that of all  mucous  membranes; (F.) Flux
 muquettx, Fluxion catarrhale.
   Catarrh, in  the English  sense, Broncho  catar'-
 rhus,  Pulmonary   Catarrh,  Lung fever  (vul-
 garly), Rheuma Pec'toris, Destilia'tio Pec'toris,
 Catar'rhus Pec'toris,  C.  Pulmo'num, C. Pulrno-
 na'lis,  C. Bronchia'lis, Blennop'tysis,  Tus'sis  ca-
 tarrha'lis  simplex,  Grave'do (of  many),  Febris
 Catarrha'lis,  B/ennotho'rax, Bronchitis, Catar'-
 rhus d Frlgore, a  Cold,  (Prov.) Cooth, (F.)  Ca-
 tarrhe  piilmonaire, Fievre Catarrhale, Rhurne de
 Poitrine,  is a superficial inflammation of the mu-
 cous follicles of the trachea and bronchi. It is com-
 monly an nffection of but little consequence,  but
 apt to relapse and become chronic.  It is charac-
 terized by cough, thirst, lassitude, fever,  watery
 eyes, with  increased secretion  of mucus  from the
 air-passages.   The  antiphlogistic  regimen  and
 time usually remove it.   Sometimes,  the inflam-
      12
 mation of the bronchial tubes  is so great as to
 prove fatal.
   Catarrh, Acute, of the Uterus, see Metri-
 tis— c.  Chronic,  Bronchitis, (chronic) — c. Dry,
 see  Bronchitis — c. Pulmonary, Bronchitis,  Ca-
 tarrh— c. Rose, Fever,  hay—c. Suffocating ner-
 vous,  Asthma  Thymicum—c.  Summer, F'ever,
 hay.
   Catarrh', Epidf.m'ic, Catar'rhus epiclcm'icus,
 C. et  conta'gio, Rheuma  epidenlicum.   Catarrh
 prevailing owing to some particular Constitntia
 aeris, and affecting a whole country,—Influenza.
   CATARRHACTA, Cataract.
   CATAR'RHAL,   Catarrha'lis,  Catarrho'icus,
 Catarrlwil icus,   Catarrhoelicus.   Relating  to
 catarrh,—as Catarrhal Fever.
   CATARRHE  AIGUH DE  L'UTERUS, see
 Metritis—c.  Buccal,   Aphthae — c.  Convulsive.
 Bronchitis—c. Gastrique, Gastritis—c.  Guttural,
 Cynanehe tonsillaris — c. Intestinal. Diarrhoea —
 c.  Laryngien, Laryngitis — c.  Nasal, Cor3'za —
 c.  Oculaire, Ophthalmia—c. de VOreille,  Otir-'
 rhoea—c. Pharyngien, Cynanehe parotidea — c.
 Pituiteux, Bronchorrhcea — c.  Piilmonaire,  Ca-
 tarrh—c. Sec; see Bronchitis—c. Stomacal, Gas-
 trorrhoea — c. Utirin, Leucorrhoea — c.  Ve'sical,
 Cystorrhoea.
   CATARRHEC'TICA,  from   Karappnywpi,  'I
 break  down.'  Remedies considered proper f r
 evacuating; — as diuretics, cathartics, <fcc.—Hip-
 pocrates.
   CATARRIIEUMA,  Catarrh.
   CATARRHEUN (F.) Catarrho'sus.  One sub-
 ject to catarrh ; affected with catarrh.
   CATARRHEX'IA,  Catarrhex'is; same ety-
 mon as Catarrhectica.   The action of Catarrhec-
 tica.  Also,  effusion; evacuation of the bowels.
   CATARRHEXIS, Catarrhexia, Excrement—c.
 Vera, Hiematochezia.
   CATARRHffiA,  Rheumatism.
   CATARRHOET'ICUS, from Karappeur, 'I flow
 from.'  An  epithet  for  disease produced  by  a
 discharge of phlegm; catarrhal.
   CATAR'RHOPA PIIY'MATA, from  Karappo-
 -os, Karappoxns, ' sloping downwards.'  Tubercles
 tending downwards, or with their  apices down-
 wards.
   CATARRHOPHE. Absorption.
   CATARRHOPHESIS, Absorption.
   CATARRHO'PIA,  Catar'rhysis,   from   sa-n,
 'downwards,'and povri, 'inclination.'  An  afflux
 of fluids towards the inferior parts, and especi-
 ally towards the  viscera of the abdomen.  Tbe
 Greek word avappoma expresses an  opposite phe-
 nomenon, or a tendency towards the upper parts.
   CATARRHOl'US, Catarrh.
   CATARRllOS'CHESIS,  from  Karappns,  'ca-
 tarrh,' and axeats,  'suppression.'  The  suppres-
 sion of a mucous discharge.
   CATARRH US, Defluxion, Tussis—c. yEstivus,
 fever, hay — c. Bcllinsulanus,  Cynanehe paroti-
 doja — c. Bronchialis, Catarrh — c. Bronchiorum,
 Bronchitis—c. a Contagio, Influenza — c.  Epi-
 demiens, Influenza, Catarrh,  epidemic — c. Geni-
 talium, Leucorrhoea — c. Gonorrhoea, Gonorrhoea
 — c. Intestinalis, Diarrhoea — c. Laryngeus, La-
 ryngo-catarrhus—c. ad  Nares,  Coryza—c. Nasa-
 lis, Coryza — c. Pulmonalis, Catarrh — c. Pulmo-
 num,  Bronchitis,  Catarrh—c. Senilis, Bronchitis,
 (chronic)—e. Suffocativus Barbadensis, C. trache-
 alis—c. Trachealis, Laryngo-catarrhus — c. Ure-
 thras, Gonorrhoea' pura — c.  Urethralis, Gonor-
 rhoea—c. Vesica1, Cystorrhoea.
   CATARRHYSIS, Catarrhopia, Defluxion.
   CATARTISIS, Catartismus.
   CATARTIS'MUS, Catar'tisis, from KarapTt^civ,
| ' to repair, replace.'  The coaptation of a luxated
I or fractured bone, or hernia. 
CATASARCA              17
  CATASARCA, Anasarca.
  CATASCEUE, Structure.
  CATASCHASMUS, Bloodletting, Scarification.
  CATASTAGMUS, Catarrh, Coryza.
  CATASTALAGMUS, Coryza, Distillation.
  CATASTALTICA,  Haematostatica, Sedatives,
Styptics.
  CATAS'TASIS, from KaSia-rnpi, 'I establish.'
The  constitution,  state, condition,  &c,  of any
thing. —Hippocrates.  Also, the  reduction of  a
bone.  See Constitution, and Habit of Body.
  CATAT'ASIS, from KaraTtivu), 'I  extend.' Ex-
tension.  The extension and reduction of a frac-
tured limb.—Hippocrates.
  CATATHLIPSIS, Oppression.
  CATAWBA TREE, Catalpa.
  CATAXIS, Fracture.
  CATCH  FLY,  Apocynum androsasmifolium,
Silene Yirginica.
  CATCHING, see Contagious.
  CATCHUP, Ketchup.
  CAT'ECHU.   The  extract  of the  wood  of
Aca'cia seu Mimo'sa  Cat'echu, Caalchu, and of
the leaves of Xau'clea seu Unca'ria gambir, ori-
ental trees.   The  drug is also called Extrac'titm
Catechu, Terra Japon'ica, Japan Earth, Cascheu,
Cadtchu, Cashow,  Caitchit,  Cast joe, Cacau, Cute,
Knath, Cuti,  Cutch,  Coira,  Succns Japon'icus,
Gambir, (F.)  Cachou.  It is a powerful astringent,
and  is used  in diarrhoea, intestinal hemorrhage,
&c.   Dose, gr. xv to ^ss, in powder.
  Catechu, Square,  see Nauclea gambir.
  CATEIADTON, from Kara, and eta, 'a blade of
grass.'  A long instrument thrust into the nostrils
to excite hemorrhage  in headach.—Aretaeus.
  CATENA  MUSCULUS, Tibialis anticus.
  CATEONESIS,  Catantlema.
  CATGUT,  Galega Virginiana.
  CATIIJE'RESIS, KaBaipeois, 'subtraction, di-
minution.'  Extenuation or exhaustion, owing to
forced exercise. — Hippocrates.   The action  of
catheretics.
  CATH^RETICUS, Catheretic.
  CATHARETICUS, Cathartic.
  CATHARISMOS, Depuration.
  CATHAR'MA,  Purgamenlum.   The  matter
evacuated by a purgative,  or by  spontaneous
purging : also, a cathartic.
  CATHAR'MUS. Same etymon ; a purgation.
—Hippocrates.  Also, the cure of a disease  by
magic, &c.
  CATHAR'SIS, from KaSatpetv, (koO' and atpetv,
'to take away,') 'to purge.'  Purga'tio, Apoca-
thar'sis, Copropho'ria, Coprophore'sis.   A natu-
ral or artificial purgation of any passage;—mouth,
anus, vagina, &c.
  CATHAR'TIC,  Cathar'ticus, Cath are'ticus,
Cathar'ma, Coprocrilicum, Coprago'gum, Lustra-
merltum,  Purgans medicament'um,  Trichilium,
Dejecta'rium Remed'ium, Eccathar'ticus, Hypacti-
cus, Hypochorelicus, Alvum evac'uans, Hypelatos,
Lapac'ticus, Apocathar'ticus. Same etymon. (F.)
Cathartique.   A medicine which,  when taken in-
ternally, increases the number of alvine evacua-
tions.   Some  substances act upon the upper part
of the intestinal canal, as calomel and colocynth ;
others, on the lower part,  as aloes;  and some on
the whole extent,  as saline purgatives.   Hence a
choice may be necessary.  Cathartics are divided
into purgatives and laxatives.  The following  is
a list of the chief cathartics:
  Aloe, Cassia Marilandica, Colocynthis, Elate-
rium,  Gambogia,  Hydrargyri  ChJoridum  mite,
Hydrargyri  Oxydum  nigrum,   Hydrarg.  cum
Magnesia, Jalapa, Juglans,  Magnesia, Magnesia;
Carbonas, Magnesias  Sulphas,  Manna, Mannita,
Oleuin Euphorbias  Lathyridis,  Oleum  Ricini,
Oleum Tiglii, Podophyllum, Potassae Acetas, Po-
tassae  Bisulphas,  Potassae Sulphas, Potassae Bi-
CATOCHE"
tartras, Potassae Tartras, Rheum, Scammonium,
Senna, Sinapis, Sodae et Potassa;  Tartras, Sodaj
Phosphas, Sodae Sulphas, Sodii Chloridum, Sub
phur, Yeratria,  Aquaa  Minerales  Sulphureo: it
Salina\ Enemata,  Suppositoria.
   CATHARTIN,  see  Cassia Senna,  and Con-
volvulus jalapa.
   CATHARTIQUE, Cathartic.
   CATHARTOCARPUS, Cassia fistula.
   CATHEDRA, Anus.
   CATHEMERINUS,  Quotidian.
   CAT11EMERUS, Quotidian.
   CATHERETTC,  Catharclicus,  Ectylot'icm,
Sarcopllagus, from  KaSaipeta, 'to  eat,'' destroy,'
Substances applied to warts, exuberant granula-
tions, &<-., to eat them down.  Mild caustics.
   CATU'ETER, from KaStnpt (koO', and tnpt, 'to
send,')  'I  explore.' jEne'a,  Algalie, Algalie,
Cathete' ris, Demissor, Immis'sor.  A hollow tube,
introduced by surgeons into the urinary bladder,
for the purpose of drawing off  the urine.   Cathe-
ters are made of silver or elastic gum. See Bougie.
The French  generally use the word catheter for
the solid sound  or staff; and algalie and sonde
for the hollow instrument.
   Catheter,  Nasal.   An  instrument, invented
by M. Gensoul, of  Lyons,  for catheterizing the
ductus ad nasum.   It is hook-shaped; the extrc-
mity, bent at a right angle, is  about an inch in
length, suited to the distance of the lower orifice
of the duct from the nostril, and likewise  to the
length and form of  the  duct, with a slight spiral
turn.
   CATHETERTS, Catheter.
   CATHETERISIS, Catheterismus.
   CATHETERIS'MUS, Cathete'risis,  Catheter!-
sa'tio,  Cath'eterism, Catheterization,  Immis'iio
Cathete' ris, same etymon.  The introduction of a
catheter or  sound  into a  natural passage, aa
through the urethra into the bladder or into the
Eustachian  tube,  larynx, &c.   Also, probing a
wound.  Melosis.
   CATHETERIZATION, Catheterismus.
   CATH'ETERIZE.  To perform the operation
of catheterism,—in  other words, to introduce the
catheter: to  probe or sound a cavity.
   CATHID'RYSIS, from KaStipvur, ' I place to-
gether.' Reduction of apart toits natural situation.
   CATHMIA, Plumbi oxydum semi-vitreum.
   CATHMIR, Calamina.
   CATH'ODIC, Cathod'icus; from koB', 'down-
wards,' and bios, 'a way.'  An  epithet applied by
Dr. Marshall Hall to a downward course of ner-
vous action.
   CATH'OLIC HUMOURS, (F.) Humeun  Ca-
tholiques, are the fluids spread over the whole
body.
   CATHOLICON, Panacea.
   Cathol'icon  Duplex.   An  ancient purging
electuary, chiefly  composed of cassia, tamarindf,
j rhubarb, senna, <fec.
   CATIL'LIA.  A weight  of nine ounces.
   CATILLUS, Cup.
   CATINUS FUSORIUS, Crucible.
   CATLING, Knife, double-edged.
   CATNEP, Nepeta Cataria.
   CATO, kotu), 'below,' 'beneath.'  -.'his word,
 in the writings of Hippocrates, is often used tor
 the abdomen, especially the intestines.  When he
 advises a remedy kotw, he  means a purgativ*!
 when avto, 'above or upwards,' an emetic.  As  a
 prefix, Cato means  'beneath,' as in
   CATOCATHA R'T IC, Catocathar'tiewStm
 kotid, 'downwards,' and xaSatpur,  'I purge.' A
 medicine which  purges downwards.  One  that
 produces alvine evacuations,   the antithesis to
 Anacathartic.
   CATOCHA_GALENI, Catalepsy.
   CAT'OCHE,  Cat'ocheie, Calochus, fromwWi 
CATOCIIUS               179           CAULORRHAGIA
 ' I retain,' ' I hold fast.' This word has, by some,
 been  used synonymously  with Catalepsy;  by
 others, with  Coma vigil; by others, with Tetanus.
   CATOCIIUS. Catoche, Ecstasis —c. Cervinus,
 Tetanus—c.  Holotonicus, Tetanus—c. Infantum,
 Induration of the cellular tissue.
   CATOMLS'MOS,  from  kotoj,  'beneath,'  and
 uiios,  'shoulder;' Subhumera'tio.  A  mode  with
 tbe ancients of reducing luxation of the humerus
 by raising the body by the arm.—Paulus of ;Egina.
   CATOPTER, Speculum.
   CATOP'TRIC,  Catop'trieus, (F.) Catoptrique,
 from Karowrpts or KaronTpov, 'a mirror.'  Relating
 or appertaining to Catoptrics or the reflection of
 light.
   Catop'tric Examination op the Eye.  When
 a lighted candle  is held  before  the  eye,  the
 pupil  of  which  has  been dilated by belladonna,
 three  images of it are  seen — two  erect,  and
 one inverted :—the  former owing to  reflection
 from tbe  cornea and anterior surface of the crys-
 tidline; the  latter owing to reflection  from  the
 posterior  layer  of the crystalline  inverted, and
 between the  other two.  This mode of examining
 tbe eye has been proposed as a means of diagno-
 sis between cataract and amaurosis.  In the latter,
 all the images are seen.
   CATOPTROMANCY, from  Koronrpov, (koto,
 and oitTopat), 'a mirror,' and pavreia, 'divination.'
 A kind of divination by means of a mirror
   CATOPTRON, Speculum.
   CATORCHI'TES.  A kind of sour wine, pre-
 pared with the  orchis and black grape, or dried
 figs.  It was formerly employed as  a diuretic and
 einmenagogue.—Dioscorides.  Called, also, Syci'-
 tes.—Galen.
   CATORETTCUS, Purgative.
   CATOTERICUS, Purgative.
   CATO'TICA,  from kotu>, 'beneath.'   Diseases
 infecting internal surfaces.  Pravity of the fluids
 or emunctories, that open on the internal surfaces
 of organs. The second  order in the class Eccri-
 tica of  Good.
   CATOX'YS, Peracu'tus, from koto, 'an inten-
 sive,' and  ofrs, 'acute.'  Highly  acute; as Morbus
 Outoxys, M. Peracu'tus. a very acute disease.
  CATS'  EYE.  A name, under which several
 morbid conditions  of the eye would  appear to
 have been confounded—all agreeing, however, in
 presenting an opalescent appearance of the pupil
 or of the bottom of the eye; those  parts reflect-
 wgthe light in various colours, or, at least, with
 various degrees  of intensity, according to  the
 direction in which the eye is turned.   This  ap-
 pearance was  compared by Beer to  the reflection
 from the tapetum of the eye of the cat.—Mac-
 kenzie.
  Cat's eye, Amaurotic, see Amaurotic.
  Cat's foot, Antennaria dioica.
  Cat's purr, Frimissement Cataire.
  <  ATTAGAUMA, Cambogia.
  CATTITEROS, Tin.
  CATUEOTICA, Cicatrisantia.
  CATU'RUS SPICIFLO'RUS, (kotto, Catus,
'a cat,'  and ovpa, 'tail,') Cauda  felis, from the
shape of its flowers.  Acal'ypha his'pida.  An
East Indian shrub, Order, Euphorbiaceae ; used
in its native country, in decoction, in diarrhoea
and  dysentery.
  CAtU-TRIPALI, Piper longum.
  CAUCALIS CAROTA, Daucus carota—c. Sa-
niculn. S.inicula.
  I'AUCALOIDES, Patella.
  CAUCASIAN, see Homo.
  CAUCIIEMAR. Incubus.
  CM'C/IE VIEILLE, Incubus.
  CAUCIIUC, Caoutchouc.
 CAUDA, see Clitorism, Coccyx, Penis.
    Cauda Equi'na.   The  spinal marrow, at  its
  termination, about the second lumbar vertebra,
  gives off a considerable number of nerves, which,
  when unravelled, resemble a horse's  tail;  hence
  the name; (F.) Queue de Cheval, Q. de la Moelle
  Epiniere.  See Medulla Spinalis.
    Cauda Felis, Caturus—e.f. Agrestis, Acalypha
  betulina.
    Cauda Salax, Penis.
    CAUDAL, Caudate, Cauda'lis, Cauda'tits; from
  cauda,  'a  tail.'  Relating or  appertaining to  a
  tail.  Having  a  tail or tail-like  appendage:—
  as 'caudal or caudate cells or corpuscles' — cells
  or corpuscles having a tail-like appendage, as in
  cancerous growths.
    CAUDATE,  Caudal.
    CAUDATIO, Clitorism.
    CAUDATUS, Bicaudatus.
    CAUDEX CEREBRI, Peduncles of the brain.
    CAUDIEZ, MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Cau-
  diez is  a small town, nine leagues from Perpig-
  nan, in  France, where  there is a thermal spring,
  containing a little sulphate of soda and iron.
    CAUDLE, Cowdel, (F.) Chaudeau, from chaud,
  'warm or hot.'   A nourishing gruel given to wo-
  men during tha childbed state.  The following is
  a form for it: Into a pint of fine gruel, not thick,
  put, whilst it is boiling hot, the yolk of an egg
  beaten with sugar, and  mixed with a large spoon-
  ful of cold water, a  glass of wine, and nutmeg.
  Mix the whole  well  together.   Brandy is  some-
  times substituted for the wine, and lemon peel
  or capillaire added.  It is also sometimes made
  of gruel and beer,  with sugar and nutmeg.
   CAUL, from  (L.) caula,  'a fold,' Pilus, Pile'-
  olus. Ga'lea, Vitta, (F.) Coeffe,  Ooiffe — (Eire ni
 coiffi—'to be born with a caul.')   The English
 -name for the omentum.  When a child is  born
 with the membranes over the  face, it is said to
 have been 'born with a caul.'  In the catalogue
 of superstitions, this is  one  of the favourable
 omens.  The caul  itself is supposed to confer
 privileges upon the possessor;  hence the  mem-
 branes  are dried, and sometimes sold  for a high
 price.  See  Epiploon.
   CAULE'DON, Cicye'don, from kovXos, 'a stalk.'
 A transverse fracture.
   CAU'LIFLOWER, (G.) Kohl, 'cabbage,' and
 flower [?], Brassica Florida.
   Cauliflower Excrescence, (F.)  Choufieur.
 An excrescence, which appears about the origin
 of the mucous membranes, chiefly about the anus
 and vulva, and which resembles, in  appearance,
 the head of the cauliflower.  It is often syphilitic
 in its character.
   Cauliflower Excrescence  of  the Uterus,
 Metrobolrytes.   A morbid growth from a part,
 or the whole, of  the circumference of tne os
 uteri;  and, at  times, from the surface of the
 cavity of the uterus.  It is  doubtful whether its
 progress  can be  arrested except by excision.
  CAULIS, Penis—c. Florida, Brassica Florida.
  CAULOPHYL'LUM  THALICTROT'DES,
 (kovXos, 'a stalk  or stem,' and tpvXXov, 'a leaf;' so
 called because the leaf-stalks appear like a con-
 tinuation of the  stem.)   Leorltice  thalictroi'des,
 Blueberry Cohosh,  Cohosh,  Cohush, Blue  Cohosh,
 Blueberry, Papoose  Root, Squaw Root, Blue Gin-
seng, Yellow Ginseng, a plant of the Family Ber-
bendeae ; Sex. Syst. Hexandria Monogynia, which
grows all over the United States, flowering in Mav
and June. The infusion of the root is much used
by the Indians  in various diseases.  To it are
ascribed emmenagogue and diaphoretic virtues
  CAULOPLE'GIA. from kovXos, 'the male or-
gan,' and irXr,yn, 'a wound,' or 'stroke.'  An in-
jury or paralysis of the  male organ.
  CAULORRHAGIA, Stimatosis—c. Ejaculate- 
CAULORRHCEA BENIGNA      180
CAUSTICITY
ria, Spermato-cystidorrhagia—c. Stillatitia, Ure-
throrrhagia.
  CAULORRHCEA BENIGNA,  Gonorrhoea
pura.
  CAULUS, Penis.
  CAUMA, Kavpa, 'a burnt part,' from  Kaaa, 'I
burn.'  Great  heat  of the body or atmosphere.
Synocha, Empresma.
  Cauma  Bronchitis, Cynanehe  trachealis—c.
Carditis,  Carditis — c. Enteritis,  Enteritis — c.
Gastritis. Gastritis—c. Ha;morrhagicum, Hsemor-
rhagia activa — c. Hepatitis, Hepatitis — c.  Oph-
thalmitis,  Ophthalmia—c. Peritonitis, Peritonitis
— c.  Phrenitis. Phrenitis —c. Pleuritis, Pleuritis
—c. Podagrieum,  Gout—c. Rheumatismus, Rheu-
matism, acute.
   CAUMATO'DES,  Caumate'rus,  from Kavpa,
 'fire, heat.'   Burning hot.  Febris caumato'des,
 F. causo'des.   Inflammatory fever.  Synocha.
   C AUNG A, Areca.
   CAUSA CONJUNCTA, Cause, proximate—c.
 Continens, Cause, proximate.
   CAUS-E ABDIT.E, Causes,  predisponent or
 remote—c. Actuates, Causes, occasional—c. Prae-
 incipientes,  Causes, procatarctic—c.  Proegume-
 nae, Causes, predisponent.
   CAUSE, Can'sa,  Ai'tia, Ai'tion.  An act which
 precedes another, and seems  to be a necessary
 condition for the  concurrence of the latter.   The
 causes  of disease  are generally  extremely  ob-
 scure ;  although they, sometimes,  are evident
 enough.  The predisponent and occasional causes
 are  the only two  on which  any stress can be
 laid; but as  authors  have divided  them  differ-
 ently, a short explanation is necessary.
   Cause,  Ac'CESSORY,   (F.)  Cause Accessoire.
 One which has only a secondary influence in the
 production of disease.
   Causes, Accident'al, Common  Causes, (F.)
 Causes  Accidentelles, are those which  act  only
 in certain given conditions;  and which do not
 always produce  the same  disease.   Cold, e. g.,
 may be tbe accidental cause of pneumonia, rheu-
 matism, Ac.
    CAUSES CACIIEES, C. occult—c.  Common,
 C. accidental—c. Exciting, C. Occasional—c. Es-
 sential, C. Specific—c. Diterminantes, C. Specific
 —c. Eloignies, C. Predisponent.
    Causes, External, (F.)  Causes externes, are
 such as act externally to the individual;  as air,
 cold, <&c.
    CAUSES  FORMELLES (F.),  are such as
 determine the form  or  kind  of disease.   They
 differ  from  the Causes  matirielles,  which are
 common  to a set of diseases;  as, to the  neuroses,
 phlegmasia;,  Ac.
    Causes,  Hidden, C. Occult—c. Immediate, C.
 essential.
    Causes,  Intern'al, (F.) Causes Internes, are
 those  which  arise  within the  body; as  mental
  emotions, &c.
    Causes, Mechan'ical, (F.) Causes micaniques,
  are those which  act mechanically, as pressure
  upon the windpipe in inducing  suffocation.
    Causes, Negative, (F.) Causes nigatives, com-
  prise  all those  things,  the privation  of  which
  may derange the  functions;—as abstinence too
  long continued.   They  are opposed to positive
  causes, which, of themselves, directly induce dis-
  ease ;—as the use  of indigestible food,  spirituous
  drinks, &c.
    Causcs, Obscure, C.  Occult.
    Causes, Occa'sional, Exciting Causes,  Causa
  actua'les, (F.)  Causes   occasionelles,   are  those
  which  immediately produce disease.   The occa-
  sional  causes have been divided into the cogniz-
  able and non-cognizable.—C. J. B. Williams.
Exciting
 Causes
   OF
Disease.
                   I. Cognizable Agents.

            1. Mechanical.
            2. Chemical.
            3. Ingesta.
            4. Bodily exertion.
            5. Mental emotion.
            6. Excessive evacuation.
            7. Suppressed or defective evacua-
                  tion.
             8. Defective cleanliness, ventilation,
                  and draining.
             9. Temperature and changes.

                II. Non-Cognizable Agents,

             1. Endemic.
             2. Epidemic.   \ Poisons.
             3. Infectious.

  Causes, Occult', Hidden causes, Obscure catuen,
(F.) Causes occultes ou cachies ou obscures.  Any
causes with which we  are unacquainted;  also,
certain  inappreciable  characters  of the  atmo-
sphere, which  give rise to epidemics.
  Causes, Piiys'ical, (F.) Causes Physiques,—
those which act by virtue  of their physical pro-
perties ; as form, hardness, &c   All vulnerating
bodies belong  to this class.
  Causes, Physiolog"ical, (F.) Causes Phjtio-
logiques, those which act only on living matter;
—narcotics, for example.
  Causes, Predispo'nent,  C. predispo'sing, Re-
mote causes, Causa proegu'mena, Causa ab'dita,
Causa  remo'ta;   (F.)  Causes  pridisponanteu,
Causes iloignies,—those which  render the  body
liable to disease.   They may be general, affecting
a number of people, or particular,  affecting only
one person.
  Causes, Prin'cipal,  (F.)  Causes principals,
—those which exert the chief  influence on the
production of disease, as distinguished from tbe
accessory causes.
  Causes, Procatarc'tic,  Causa proeatarc'tictt,
Causa prairicipierltes,  from  -npoKarapKTiKOS, 'the
origin or beginning of a thing,' (n-po, 'before,'and
Karapxar, ' I begin.') These words have been used
with  different significations.   Some have em-
ployed them synonymously with predisponent or
remote causes; others with  occasional or exciting
causes.
   CAUSE PROCHATXE, C. proximate.
   Cause, Prox'imate, Causa prox'ima seu con ■
tinens seu conjune'ta, (F.) Cause contiuente ou pro-
char'ne, may be the disease itself.  Superabundance
of blood, e. g., is the proximate  cause of plethora.
   Causes, Remote, C. predisponent.
   Causes,  Specif'ic,  Essen'tial  or Imme'dtate
causes, &c., (F.)  Causes spicifiques, C. essentielki,
 C. diterminantes;—those which produce a  deter-
 minate disease.
   CAUSIS,  Burn, Ebullition, Fermentation, In-
 cendium, Ustion.
   CAUSOMA, Inflammation.
   CAUS'TIC, Caus'ticus,  Cauteret'icm, Biaref-
 icus, Ero'dens, Adu'rens, Urens, Pyrot'icits, from
 iraiw,  'I burn,'  kuvoos, 'heat.'  (F.) Cmi'tif'-
 Bodies which have  the property  of causticity;
 and  which,  consequently, burn  or disorganize
 animal substances.   The word  is  also used ?ub-
 stantively. The most active are called Fschaeot-
 ics.  Caustics are also termed 'corrosives.'
   Caustic Bearer, Porte-pierre—c. Paste, Can-
 quoin's, Pasta Zinci chloridi.
   CAUSTICA ADUSTIO, Cauterization.
   CAUSTICITY, Canstic"itas, from Ka«en"i,
 'that which burns,' (Katta, ' I burn.')  The imprM-
 sion  which caustic  bodies  make on  the organ of
 taste;  or, more commonly,  the property  which
 distinguishes those bodies. 
CAUSTlo'OPIIORUM         181               CAVERNOUS
  CAUSTIC0PH0RUM. Porte-pierre.
  CAUS'TICUM  ^ETHIOP'ICUM,  Unguen'tum
ifelau'icum caus'ticum.  A sort of paste, made by
rubbing powdered saffron with concentrated sul-
phuric acid, recommended by Yclpeau as a caus-
tic in cases of  gangrenous and carcinomatous ul-
cers.  The acid is the  caustic: the saffron, the
constituent merely.
  Causticum Alkalinum, Potassa fusa—c. Ame-
ricanum,  Veratrum  sabadilla—c. Antimoniale,
Antimonium muriatum.
  Causticum Commii'ne, Poten'tial Cautery, Com-
mon Caustic,  Cnutc'rium potentia'le,  Lnpis sep'-
ticus, Caus'ticum commu'ne milius.   This  con-
sists of quicklime and  black soap, of each equal
parts.
   Causticum  Commune, Potassa fusa — c. Com-
mune acerrimutn, Potassa fusa—c. Commune for-
tius, 1'otnssa cum  calce—c. Lunare, Argenti nitras
— c. Potentials Potassa fusa — c. Salinum, Po-
tassa fusa—c.  Viennense fusum Filhos, see Pow-
der, Vienna.
   CAUS'I'/QUE. Caustic—c. Filhos, see Powder,
Vienna—c. de Yienne, Powder, Vienna.
   CAUSUS,  from Kana, ' I burn,' kovbos, 'heat.'
 \ highly ardent fever ;  Deu'reus.  Pinel regards
 it as a complication of  bilious and inflammatory
 fever; Broussais, as an intense gastritis, accom-
 panied with bilious symptoms.  See  Synocha.
   Causus,  Endemial, of  the West Indies,
 Fever,  Yellow — c.  Tropicus  endemicus, Fever,
 Yellow.
   CAUTEJI, Cauteriura.
   CAUTERE, Cauterium, Fonticulus — c. Inhi-
 rent, Inherent cautery.
   CAUTERETICUS, Caustic.
   CAUTERETS, MINERAL  WATERS  OF.
 Cauterets is a bourg  seven  leagues from Bareges
 (llttutes-Pyrinies,) France.  The waters are hy-
 drosulphurous and thermal—temperature 123° F.
 They are used in the same cases as  the Bareges
 water.
   CAUTERIASMUS, Cauterization.
   CAUTE'RIUM, C. actua'le,  Canter, Cau'tery,
 Iniistn'rium,  Riipto'riuni,  Ignis actua'lis, from
 ifjiu, 'I burn,' kovtijp, 'a burner.'  (F.) Couture,
 Fen actnel.  A substance, used  for 'firing,'  burn-
 ing or disorganizing  the parts  to which it is ap-
 plied.  Cauteries  were divided by  the ancients
 into  actual and potential.  The word is now re-
 stricted  to the red-hot  iron ; or to positive  burn-
 ing.  It was,  formerly, much used for preventing
 hemorrhage from divided arteries ; and also with
 the same views as a blister.  The term Poten'tial
 Cautery, Caute'rium  potcntia'le, Ignis potentia'lis,
 (F.) Feu potentiel, was generally applied  to the
 causticum commune,  but it is  now used synony-
 mously  with  caustic  in  general.   Cautere also
 means an issue.
   Cauterium Actuale, Cauterium.
   CAUTERIZA'TION, Cauterisa'tio, Canterias'-
 m us, E.rus'tio, Inns'tio, Caus'tica Adus'tio. Firing.
 The effect of a cautery or caustic.  The French,
 amongst whom cauterization is much used, dis-
 tinguished five kinds:  1. Catttirisation Inhirente,
 which consists in applying the  actual cautery
 freely, and with  a certain  degree of force, so as
 to disorganize deeply. 2. Cautirisation  trans-
 enrrente, which  consists in passing  the edge of
 the Cautlre cultellaire, or the point of the Cautere
 toniqne  lightly, so as not to disorganize deeply.
 3.  Cautirisation  par pointes,  which consists in
 applying on  the  skin, here  and there, the hot
 point of the conical  cautery, with sufficient force
 to cauterize the whole thickness of the skin.  4.
 Cautirisation  lente, slow cauterization, by  means
of the moxa.   5.  Cautirisation objective,  which
consists in holding  the cautery at some distance
from the part to be  acted upon by it.
  Cau'terize;  Caustico aelurere;  (F.)  Can-
tiriser.   To apply a cautery or caustic.  To burn
with a cautery  or caustic.
  CAUTERY,  Cauterium—c. Galvanic, see Moxa
—c. Potential,  Causticum commune, Cauterium.
  CAVA, Vulva.
  Cava Vena, Vena  hepatites.  The hollow or
deep-seated vein.  (F.)  Veine cave.   A name
given to  the two great veins  of the body, which
meet at the right auricle of the heart.   The vena
vara  supe'rior, thorac"ica  seu  descen'dens,  is
formed by the  union of the subclavians;  and re-
ceives successively, before its termination at the
upper  part  of  the  right auricle, the inferior thy-
roid, right internal  mammary, superior diaphrag-
matic, azygos, &c.  The vena cava infe'rior, ab-
domina'lis seu asceri'dens,  arises  from the union
of  the two primary iliucs, opposite the fourth or
fifth lumbar vertebra, receives the middle sacral,
lumbar, right spermatic, hepatic, and inferior dia-
 phragmatics, and opens at the posterior and in-
ferior part of the right auricle.
   CAVATIO,  Cavity.
   CAVEA, Cavity—c. Narium, Nares.
   CAVER'NA, Antrum.  'A cavern.'  This term
has been  used for the female organs of generation.
 See Cavity, and Vulva.
   Caverna Narium, Nares.
   Caverns   Dentium,  Alveoli  dentium — c.
Frontis, Frontal Sinuses.
   CA VERXEUX, Cavernous.
   CAVERNOUS,  Carerno'sns,  (F.)   Cavemenx.
 Filled with small cavities or  caverns, — as  a
 sponge.
   Cavernous  Bodies, Cor-'pora Cavernosa of the
 penis, Cor'pora nervo'sa seu  Ncv'veo-spongio'sa
 Penis, (F.) Corps Caverneux.   The corpus caver-
 nosum  is a kind of cylindrical sac, composed of
 cells;  separated, through  its  whole extent,  by a
 vertical,  incomplete septum,  Septum  pectin if or''-
 me, Trabec'ula  cor'porttm  cavernosa'rum,  and
 forming  nearly  two-thirds  of the penis.  The
 corpus cavernosum, on each side, arises from the
 ascending portion of the ischium, and terminates
 obtusely  behind  the glans.   The arteries of the
 corpora cavernosa  come from the internal pudic.
 See Helicine Arteries.   Nerves are found on the
 surface of the  outer membrane,  but they do not
 appear to penetrate the substance, and  the smooth
 muscular fibre has been traced  into  the fibrous
 parietes of  the cells, as in the case of all erectile
 tissues.
   J. Miiller's  researches have led him  to  infer,
 that both in man and the horse, the nerves of the
 corpora cavernosa  are made up of  branches  pro-
 ceeding  from  the  organic as  well as  the animal
 system,  whilst the nerves of animal life  alone
 provide the nerves of sensation of the penis.
   Cavernous  Bodies, Corpora  Cavernosa of the
 CUloris, are two hollow crura, forming the clit-
 oris.
   Cavernous  Body of the Vagi'na,  Corpus Ca-
 verno'sum Vagi'na, Plexus retifornlis, is a  sub-
 stance composed of blood-vessels and  cells, simi-
 lar to those of the penis and clitoris, which covers
 the outer extremity of the vagina, on  each  side.
 It serves to contract the entrance to the vagina
 during coition.
   Cavernous  Ganglion, see Carotid or Carotio
Nerve.
   Cavernous  Respira'tion.  When a cavity
exists in  the lungs, and one or more ramifications
of the bronchia terminate in it, a loud  tubal noise
is emitted, provided the cavity be not filled  with
fluid, which is called cavernous  respiration.  In
this condition, the  cough  is  cavernous likewise,
 (F.) Toux Caverneuse.   When the capacity of the 
CAVERNULOUS  RHONCHUS   182             CELANDINE
cavern is very great, the sound of the respiration
is like that produced by blowing into a decanter,
with the mouth at a little distance from the neck.
This kind of cavernous respiration has been called
amphoric, from  amphora, 'a flask;' (F.) Respi-
ration ampkorique,  Souffle amphorique, S. mital-
liqne.
  The Veiled Puff, (F.) Souffle voile, is a modi-
fication of the  cavernous  respiration, in which,
according to Laennec,  "a sort of movable veil
interposed between the excavation and the ear"
seems to  be agitated to and fro.  It is  a sign
which is not attended to.
  Cavernous Rhonchus, see Cavernous  Respi-
ration, and Gurgling.
  Cavernous Sinus, Sinus Caverno'sus seu poly-
mor'phus  seu sphenoida'lis, Reecptac'ulum sella
equina laleribus appos'itum,  (F.) Sinus caver-
neux.  The Cav'ernous  Sinuses are venous cavi-
ties of the dura mater, filled with a multitude of
reddish, soft filaments, intersecting each  other;
and,  as  it  were, reticulated.  They  commence
behind the inner part  of  the  sphenoid fissure,
pass  backwards  on the sides of the fossa pitui-
taria,  and terminate by opening into a  cavity,
common to  the  superior  and inferior petrosal
sinuses.  They receive some meningeal veins, the
ophthalmic veins,  &c.  The anterior  extremity
of  each cavernous sinus  has  been named the
ophthalmic sinus.
  Cavernous Texture or Tissue, Tela caver-
no'sa, (F.)  Tissu caverneux.  The spongy sub-
stance which forms the  greater part of the penis
and clitoris-  It  seems to consist of a very com-
plicated lace-work of arteries and veins;  and,
probably, of nervous filaments, with small fibrous
plates, which form by their decussation numerous
cells communicating  with  each  other.   This
spongy texture produces erection, by dilating and
swelling on  the  influx  of  blood;  and probably,
also, by virtue of some property inherent in it.
   Cavernous Whisper. A blowing sound, heard
 over cavities when words are whispered. — A.
 Flint.
   CAVERNULOUS  RHONCHUS, see Gurgling.
   CAVIALE, Caviare.
   CAVIARE', Caviar, Caviale, Kaviac,   A culi-
 nary preparation, much used by  certain  people,
 and made, on the shores of the Black and Caspian
 Seas, from the  roe of the sturgeon, mixed with
 salt and other condiments.
   CAVIC'ULA, Cavilla,  from cavus, 'hollow.'
 The ankle or space between  the malleoli.  Some
 have given this name to the os cuneiforme.  See
 Astragalus.
   CAVICULiE  PEDIS NODUS, Tarsus.
   CAVILLA, Astragalus,  Cavicula.
   CAVITAS ANTROSA AURIS, Tympanum—
 c. Buocinata, Cochlea—c. Cochleata, Cochlea—c.
 Digitata  ventriculi lateralis, Cornu posterius ven-
 triculi lateralis.
   C.vv'lTAS Ellip'tica, Ampulla, Sinus ampul-
 la'ceus.  A  dilatation at one end of the semicir-
 cular canals of the ear.
   Cavitas  Humeri Glenoides, see Glenoid — c.
 Narium, Nares—c. Oculi, Orbit—c. Oris,  Mouth
 —c. Pulpae, see Tooth.
   CAVITATES CEREBRI,  Ventricles  of tbe
 brain—c. Durae  matris, Sinuses of the  dura mater
 —c. Innominatae, Auricles of the  heart—c. Inter-
 scapulars,  see Interscapularis.
    CA VTTE, Cavity—c.Dentaire, Dental cavity—
 c. des Epiploons, see  Peritonaeum—c. du Tympan,
 Tympanum.
    CAVITY,  Cav'itas,  Cavum,  Cce'lotes,  Calon,
 Ca'vea,  Caver'na,  Cava'tio,  (F.) Caviti.   The
 hollow of anything, as of the cranium, mouth,
 nasal fossae, &c.
  Cavities, Splanchnic, (F.) Cavitis  splaneh
niques,  are  those which contain  the  viscera,
They are three in number :—the cranium, chest,
and abdomen.  The  cavities of bones, connected
with  joints  or otherwise,  are described  under
their particular denominations.
  CAVUM, Cavity—c. Abdominis, see Abdomon.
  Cavum Cra'nii, Venter Supre'inns. The cavity
formed  by the proper bones of the cranium.
  Cavum  Dentis, see Tooth — c. Mediastini, fee
Mediastinum—c. Narium, Nasal fossa;, Nares—c.
Oris, Mouth—c. Pericardii,  see Pericardium—u.
Thoracis, see Thorax—c. Tympani, Tympanum.
  CAYAN, Phaseolus Creticus.
  CAZABI, Jatropha manihot.
  CEANOTHOS, Cirsium afvense.
  CEANOTHUS AMERICANUS, Celastrus-o.
Trinervis, Celastrus.
  CEAR, Heart.
  CEASMA, Fissure.
  CEBI GALLI'N^E.   The  liver of the fowl,
bruised.—Castelli.
  CEBIP'ARA.  A large  Brazilian tree, whose
bitter and astringent bark is used in making ami-
rheumatic baths and fomentations.
   CEBOCEPHALE, Ceboceph'alus, from  k^os,
'an ape,' and KetpaXr/, 'a head.' A genus of mon-
sters, in which the nose does not project, and the
interocular region is narrow and plane, so as to
give the physiognomy a striking  resemblance to
that of the American ape.—I. G. St. Hilaire.
   CECES, see Quercus alba.
   CECITE,  Caecitas.
   CECITY, Caecitas.
   CEDAR,  RED,  Juniperus  Virginiana — c.
White, Cupressus thyoides.
   CEDEIA.  Embalming.
   CEDMA, Aneurism, Varix.
   CED'M ATA, KtOjiara.  Rheumatic pains of the
joints,  especially  of the hips, groin, or genital
organs.  A form of gout or rheumatism.
   CEDRAT, Citrus  medica.
   CEDRELA FEBRIFUGA, Swietenia  febri-
fuga.
   CEDRELE'UM, from Ktipos, 'the cedar,'and
eXaiov,  'oil.'   The oil of cedar.—Pliny.
   CE'DRIA,  Ce'drium, Ce'drinum, Cedri  lac'-
ryma, Alkitran.   The  oil  or resin which flows
from the cedar of Lebanon.   It was supposed to
 possess great virtues. — Hippocrates,  Foesius,
 Scribonius  Largus,  Dioscorides.   It has  been
 supposed to  be  tbe same  as the pyroligneous
 acid.   See Pinus  Sylvestris.
   CE'DRINUM VINUM, Cedar Wine.   A wine
 prepared by  steeping  half a  pound of bruised
 cedar berries  in six French  pints of sweet wine.
 It is diuretic and subastringent.
   CEDRI'TES, from Keipos, 'the cedar.' A wine
 prepared from the resin of cedar and sweet wine.
 It was formerly employed as a vermifuge, Ac.
   CEDRIUM, Cedria.
   CEDROMELA, see Citrus medica.
   CEDRON, see Simaba cedron.
   CEDRONELLA, Melissa —c. Triphylla, Dra-
 cocephalum  canariense.
   OEDROS, Juniperus lycia.
   CEDROSTIS, Bryonia alba.
   CEDRUS  BACCIFERA, Juniperus  sabina-
 c. Mahogani, Swietenia mahogani.
   CEINTURE,  Cingulum,  Herpes zoster-'•
 Blanche  de   la chordide,  Ciliary  ligament—''
 Dartreuse, Herpes  zoster — c. de  Hildane,  Cin-
 gulum  Hildani — c.  de Saint-Jean,   Artemi»i»
 vulgaris—c.  de  Vif Argent,  Cingulum mer-
 curiale.
   CELANDINE, Impatiens—c.  Common, Cbeli-
 donium majus—c. Lesser, Ranunculus ficaruv-«■
 Poppy, Stylophorurn diphyllum. 
CELASTRUS              183               CELOLOGIA
  CELAS'TRUS, Celas'tus, Ceano'thus America'-
tins seu triner'vis, New Jersey Tea, Red Root, (F.)
Tin' de Jersey.  Used by the American Indians,
in  the same manner as lobelia, for  the  cure  of
syphilis.   It is slightly bitter and somewhat as-
tringent.  A strong  infusion of the  dried leaves
rend seeds has  been recommended in  aphthae, and  |
as a gargle in  scarlatina.
   Celastrus  Scandens,  Climbing  Stafftree.   A
climbing American shrub, the  bark of which  is
said to  possess emetic, diaphoretic, and  narcotic
properties.
   GELATION, (F.) Concealment,  from celnre,
' to conceal.'  A  word used  by French  medico-
legal writers for cases where there has been con-
cealment of pregnancy or delivery.
   CELE, KnXn, 'a tumour, protrusion, or rupture;'
a  very common suffix, as in  hydrocele,  bubono-
cele, ftc.  See Hernia.
   CEE'ERY,  (F.) Cileri.   The English name for
a  variety of Apium graveolens.
   Celery, Wild, Bubon galbanum.
   CELETA, see Hernial.
   CM EI A, Cerevisia.
   CEL1AQUE, Coeliac.
   CELINE, Melissa.
   CELIS, Kt]Xts,  'a  spot, a stain.'   A macula, or
 spot on the skin.
   CELL, Cella.  A small cavity.  The same sig-
 nification as  cellule.  Also,  a vesicle composed
 of a membranous cell-wall, with, usually, liquid
 contents.  The whole organized body may be re-
 garded as a congeries of  cells having  different
 endowments,  each set being concerned in special
 acts, connected with absorption, nutrition, and
 secretion, wherever an action of  selection or ela-
 boration has to be effected.  These cells arc gene-
 rally termed primary, elementary, or primordial.
 When they give rise to other cells, they are, at
 times, termed parent or mother cells ; the result-
 ing cells being termed daughter cells.
   Cell, Apoplectic, see Apoplectic cell—c. Bone,
 Lacuna of bone — c. Bronchic, Cellule,  bronchic
 — c. Calcigerous,  see  Tooth — c. Daughter,  see
 Cell—c. Elementary, see Cell.
   Cell, Epider'mic  or  Epithe'lial.  The cells
 or corpuscles that cover the free membranous sur-
 faces of the body, and which form the epidermis
 and epithelium, are  termed 'epidermic or epithe-
 lial ceil,-.'   They are developed from germs fur-
 nished by the subjacent membrane.
   Cell. Epithelial, Cell, epidermic—c. Fat, see
 Fatty vesicles.
   Cell Force.  The plastic or formative force
 seated in a cell, by the agency of which tho dif-
 ferent tissues  are developed.  See Cell Life.
   Cell Formation, Cytogeny — c. Genesis, Cy-
 togeny — c. Germ,  Cytoblast,  see Molecule — c.
 Germinal, see Cytoblast—c. Nucleated, see Cyto-
 blast.
   Cell Life.  The life which  is  possessed  by
 the separate  cells that form the tissues, and  by
 which the nutrition  of the tissues is presumed to
 be effected.
   (Vll, Mother, see Cell —c. Osseous, Lacuna
 of bone—c. Parent,  see Cell.
   Cull,  Piomknt.   Pigment  cells  are mingled
 with the epidermic  cells, and are most  manifest
 in the coloured races. They are best seen  on the
 inner surface of the choroid of the eye,  where
 they form the pigmentum nigrum.
   Cell. Primary,  see Cell — c Primordial, see
 Cell__c' Sperm, see  Sperm—o. Wall, see Cell.
   CELLA, Cell__c  Media, see Ventricles  of the
 Brain—c. Turcica, Sella Turcica.
   CEL'LOID, Celloldes, badly compounded from
cella, and  ttSos, ' resemblance.'   Resembling  a
cell or cellule.
  CELLELA, Cellule.
  CELLULE COLI, see Colon—c. Aereae, Cel-
lules, bronchic — c.  Bronchicae, see Cellule—c.
Mastoideae, Mastoid cells — c. MeduUares, see
Medullary  membrane — c. Pulmonales,  Cellules
bronchic, see  Pulmo—c. Sanguinis, Globules of
the blood.
  CEL'LULAR, Cellula'ris,  Cellulo'sus, (F.)  Cel
lulaire.  Composed of cells or cellules, from cella
or cellnla,  'a cell.'
  Cel'lular  Membrane, Membra'na cellulo'sa
seu  Cellula'ris,—M. adipo'sa seu  pinguedino'sa,
of  some,  Pannic'ulus  adipo'sns, — Membrane
formed of  cellular tissue, (F.) Membrane cellu-
laire.   Generally used for the tissue itself.
  Cellular System.   The whole of the cellular
tissue of the human body.
  Cellular Tissue, Tela cellula'ris seu cellulo'-
sa seu Hippoc'ratis cribro'sa, Eth'myphe,  Contex'-
tus cellulo'sus, Reticula'ted,filamentous, laminated,
crib'rifiorm,  porous, are'olar,  connective,  and
mucous Tissue,  Retic'ular or cellular substance,
(F.) Tissu  cellulaira, riticuli, Inmineux, erihleux,
poreux, ariolaire, muqueux, conjonctif, Ethmose of
Piorry, Ac., is the most common of all the organic
tissues.   It contains  irregular areola  between
the fibres, as  well as serum, fat, and tbe adipous
tissue.  Of the fibres, some are of the yellow elas-
tic kind ;  but the greater part are of the white
fibrous tissue, and  they frequently  present the
form  of broad  flat  bands, in  which no distinct
fibrous arrangement is perceptible.  See  Fibrous.
   The cellular tissue or texture unites every part
of  the body,  determines its shape, and  by its
elasticity  and contractility,  and by the  fluid
which  it contains in its cells, facilitates the mo-
tion of parts on each other.
   Cellular tissue has been divided by anatomists
into  the external, general  or common  cellular
tissue—textus cellula'ris  interme'dius seu laxns,
which does not penetrate the organs,—the cellu-
lar texture which  forms the envelopes of organs
—textus cellula'ris strictus, and that which pene-
trates into the organs, accompanying and enve-
loping all  their parts, — the textus cellula'ris sti-
pa'tus, constituting the basis  of  all  the  organs.
It  has likewise been  termed  Textus organ'icus
seu parenchyma'lis.
   Cellular Tissue of Bones, see Cancelli.
   CEL'LULE,  Cel'lula, diminutive  of cella, 'a
cavity.' A small  cavity.  (F.) Cellule.  Cellules
are the small  cavities between the laminae  of tbe
cellular tissue, corpora cavernosa, Ac.
   Cellules or Cells, Bronchic,  Cel'lula Brorl-
chic/B seu  Pulmona'les seu Ae'rea, Fori pulmo'-
num,  Vcsic'ula pulmonales.  The air-cells of the
lungs.   See Pulmo.
   CELLULES  BRONCHIQUES,  Bronchial
cells—c. des Os, Lacunae of Bone — c. Osseuses,
Lacunae of Bone.
   CELLULITIS VENENATA, see Wound.
   CELLULO-FIBROUS TUMOUR,  Tumour,
fibro-cellular.
   CEL'LULOSE, same etymon as Cellule.   The
substance  which is left after the action upon any
kind of vegetable tissue  of such  solvents as are
fitted to dissolve out the matter  deposited in its
cavities and interstices.  The tunicated or asci-
dian mollusca have, in their integuments, a  con-
siderable quantity of it, and it exists in  the  Cor-
pora amylacea of the brain and other parts.   It
is  identical with starch, in the proportion of its
constituents, and forms the principal part of the
thickness of the walls of the cells,  vessels, Ac, of
which the vegetable organism is composed.
   CELLULOSES, Cellular.
   CELOLOG'TA, from KnXn, 'rupture,' and Xoyos, 
CELOSOMUS
184
CENTRAL
' a discourse.'   The doctrine  of hernia.  A trea-
tise on hernia.
  CELosO'MUS,  from  KrjXn, 'a  rupture,' and
trai/ii. 'body.'  A monster in which  tbe trunk is
ni.ilformed, and eventration  or displacement  of
the viscera exists.
  CELOTES,  see Hernial.
  CELOTOM'IA,  Kelotom'ia,   Celolomy, from
KiXn, 'a rupture,' and repvetv, 'to cut.'  An ope-
ration, formerly employed for the radical cure  of
inguinal hernia; which  consisted, principally, in
passing a ligature round the hernial sac and sper-
matic vessels.   It necessarily occasioned atrophy
and loss of the testicle; and did not  secure the
patient against the return  of the  disease.  The
intestines  were, of  course, not  included  in the
ligature.   Also, the operation for hernia in gene-
ral,—Hernial omy.
  CEEOT'OMUS, same etymon.   Herniolomus.
A knife used in the operation for hernia.   Adjec-
tively, it means relating to  celotomy, like Celo-
tom'icits.
  CELSA.  A term, used  by Paracelsus for a
cutaneous disease, dependent, according to him,
on a false or heterogeneous spirit or vapour, con-
cealed under the integuments, and endeavouring
to escape.   Perhaps the disease was Urticaria.
  CELSUS, METHOD OF, see Lithotomy.
  CELTIS 0CCIDENTA'LIS,£»<7ari<?>-ry, Hack-
berry, Xettletree, Beaverwood.  Order, Ulmaceae :
indigenous, flowering in May.   The bark is said
to be anodyne and cooling; the berries are sweet
and astringent.  It has been  used in dysentery.
  CEMBRO NUTS, see Pinus cembra.
  CEMENT.   A glutinous substance introduced
into  a carious  tooth to prevent the  access of air
or other  extraneous matters.  The  following is
an  example:  R. Sandarac.  gij;  Mustich. £i;
Snrciu. gr. x. uEther. %\ ;  Dissolve  with  the  aid
of heat.    Ostermaier s Cement  for the  teeth is
prepared of finely powdered caustic lime, thirteen
parts; anhydrous phosphoric acid, twelve parts.
When introduced into a carious tooth, it becomes
Balid in about  two minutes.
  CEMENTERIUM, Crucible.
  CEMENTUM, see Tooth.
  CENANGIA, Ceneangia.
  CENCHRON, Panicum miliaceum.
  CENDRE^ DU LEVANT, Soda.
  CENDRE,  Cineritious.
  C EN DUES GRAVE LEES,  see Potash —c.
de Sarment, see Potash.
  CENEANGI'A, Cenangi'a, from kcvos, 'empty,'
and ayyztov, 'a vessel.'  Inanition.   Empty state
of vessels.—Galen.
  CENEMBATE'SIS, from  kcvos,  'empty,' and
tpiiaivo), ' I enter.'   Paracentesis.   Also,  the act
of probing a wound or cavity;  Melo'sis.
  CENEONES, Flanks.
  CEXESTHESTE, Ceenaesthesis.
  CENrGDAM, Ceniplam.
  CENIGOTAM, Ceniplam.
  CENIPLAM, Cenigdam,   Cenigotam,  Cenipo-
lam.  The name of an instrument anciently used
for opening the head in epilepsy.—Paracelsus.
  CEXIPOLAM, Ceniplam.
  CENO'SIS, from kcvos, ' empty.'   Ine'sis, Ineth-
mos.   Evacuation.   It is sometimes employed
synonymously with inanition, and opposed to  re-
pletion,— Exinanil'io.
  CENOSPUDIA,  Aphelxia otiosa.
  CENOTIC,  Drastic.
  CENOT'ICA, from Kcviaais, 'evacuation.'  Dis-
eases affecting  the  fluids.  Morbid discharges or
excess, deficiency or irregularity of such as are
natural.   The first  order, class Genetica, of Good.
Also,Drastics.
  CENTAUREA BEHEN, Serralula behen, Be-
\ hen abiad,  Behen  album, Been,  White  Behen.
 Ord. Gentianea-.   Astringent.
   Centaurea Benedic'ta,  Car'duus beiu-ilic'tni,
 Cnicus sylves'tris seu benedic'tus, Cardiubolamun,
 Blessed or  Holy   Thistle,  Virgin-Mary Thistle,
 (F.) Chardon binit. Earn. Cynarocephabie.  ,SVr.
 Syst. Syngenesia Polygamia frustranea.  A strop*
 decoction of the  herb is emetic :—a strong infu-
 sion, diaphoretic [? ] ; a light infusion, tonic and
 stomachic.  Dose, gr. xv to fij of the powder.
   Centaurea Calcitra'pa, Calcitnlpa,  Calca-
 trep'pola,  Car'duus  solstitia'lis  seu  stella'titi,
 Ja'ccn ramosis'sima,  Cacotrib'uius, Calcitriin'pa
 stella'ta  seu hippophas'tum,  Stelltlta  rnpi'mt,
 Centaure'a stella'ta, Common Star-Thistle, Star-
 Knapweed, (F.) Centaurie itoilie, Chardon itoili
 Chaussetrappe, Pignerole.   It is possessed  of
 tonic properties, and has been given in interinit-
 tents, dyspepsia, Ac.   It is not much used.
   Centaurea Cbntauri'um, Rhaporlticum vul-
 ga're, Centauri'um magnum  seu majus seu oMci.
 na'le, Greater Cen'taury, (F.) Centaurie grande.
 It is  a bitter;  and was  formerly used as a tonic,
 especially the root.
   Centaurea  Cy'anus,  Cy'anus,  Blue  bottle,
 Corn-flower,  Blue  bonnets,  (Sc.) Blau-ort, (F.)
 Blavelle,  Blaviole, Blavirolle, Bluet, Barbean,
 Anbifioin, Casse-lunette.  The flowers were once
 much used as a cordial, tonic, Ac.  They are now
 forgotten.
   Centaurea Stellata, Centaurea  calcitrapa.
   CENTAUREE ETOILEE, Centaurea calci-
 trapa—c.  Grande,  Centaurea centaurium—c. Pe-
 tite, Chironia centaurium.
   CENTAUREUM, Chironia centaurium.
   CENTAURIS,  Chironia centaurium.
   CENTAURIUM MAGNUM,  Centaurea cen-
 taurium—c. Minus vulgare, Chironia centaurium
 — c. Officinale, Centaurea centaurium — c. Par.
 vum,  Chironia centaurium.
   CENTAURY,  AMERICAN, Chironia  angn-
 laris — c. European,  Chironia  centaurium —c.
 Greater,  Centaurea centaurium — c.  Lesser, Chi-
 ronia centaurium.
   CENTESIS, Paracentesis, Puncture.
   CENTIGRAMME, (F.) from centum, 'a hun-
 dred,'  and ypappa,  ' gramme,'   Centigram'ma.
 The hundredth part of a gramme. A centigram-
 me is equal to about the fifth part of a French
 grain, gr. .1543 Troy.
   CENTILITRE, Centili'tra, from  centum,  'a
 hundred,' and Airpa, 'litre.'  An ancient Greek
 measure  for liquids : — the  hundredth part of a
 litre—equal to nearly 2.7053 fluidrachms.
   CENTIMETRE, Centim'eter ; the hundredth
 part  of  a  metre — equal  to  about four lines,
 .3937 English inch.
   CENTIMORBIA, Lysimachia  nummularia,
   CENTINERVIA, Plantago.
    CENTINODE, Polygonum aviculare.
   CENTINODIA, Polygonum aviculare.
   CENTO VIRGINALIS, Hymen.
   CENTRAD, see Central aspect.
   CENTRADIAPH'ANES, Catarac'ta  centra-
 lis, from Kevrpov,  ' centre,' a, privative, and Sia-
 ipavr/s, 'transparent.'  Cataract owing to obscurity
 of the central portion of the crystalline.
   CENTRAL, Centra''lis, from cent mm,  'the cen-
 tre.'  Relating or appertaining to the centre.
   Central Ar'tery op the Ret'ina, Arte'ria
 Centra'lis   Ret'ina,  Central Artery  of Zinn.
 This  artery is given  off from  the  arteria oph-
 thalmica, and penetrates the optic nerve a little
 behind  the ball   of  the eye;  running  in the
 axis  of the nerve,  and spreading out into many
 small branches  upon  the  inside of the retina.
 When  the nerve  is  cut across near the eye, the 
CENTRE
185
CEPITALANTHUS
orifice of the divided artery is observable.  This
was formerly called Porus Op'ticus.
  Central Aspect.  An aspect towards tbe cen-
tre  of an  organ.—Barclay.   Centrad is used by
the same writer adverbially, to signify ' towards
the central aspect.'
  CENTRE, Centrum,  Ktvrpov, (F.) Centre.  The
middle point of a figure or body.
  Centre op  Action.   The viscus in which  the
whole or a great part of any function is executed,
and to  which several other organs  contribute.
Thus, the vital activity seems to be wholly cen-
tred in the stomach, during chymification ; in the
duodenum, during chylification.  In like manner,
the  uterus  becomes a centre  of action  during
gestation.
   Centre, Epigas'trio. The ganglions and ner-
vous plexuses, formed  by the great sympathetic
and pneumogastric  nerves, in the  epigastrium,
around tbe coeliac artery ; where  the impressions
received from various parts of the body seem to
be centred.
   Centre op Flux'ion.  The part towards which
fluids  are  particularly attracted.  An irritated
 organ is said to be a centre of fluxion.
   Centres, Nervous, (F.) Centres nerveux.  The
 organs whence the nerves originate; as the brain
 and spinal marrow.
   Centre, Optic, see  Optic centre.
   Centre, Oval, Centrum Ova'le, C. 0. Vieusse'-
 nii, Tegtimciltum ventricalo'rum cer'ebri.   When
 the two hemispheres of the  brain are sliced away,
 till on a  level with the corpus eallosum,  tbe me-
 dullary part in each is of an oval shape: hence
 called centrum ovale minus,  (F.) centre medullaire
 liimisphiral.  The two centres  of  the  opposite
. sides, together  with  the corpus  eallosum, form
 the centrum ovale of Vietts'sens.   Vieussens  sup-
 posed all the medullary fibres to issue  from that
 point, and that  it was the great dispensatory ofi
 the animal spirits.
   Cbntre,  Phrenic,  Ten'di nous  Centre of the
 Diaphragm,  Centrum Phren'icum seu  Ner'veum
 seu  Tendino'sum seu  Tendin'eum,  (F.)  Centre
 phrinique  ou tendineux du Diaphragme.  The
 central aponeurosis or cordiform  tendon of the
 diaphragm.
   Centre op Sympathetic Irradia'tions, (F.)
 Centre dirradiations  sympathiques.  Any organ
 which  excites,   sympathetically, tbe action of
 other organs, more or less  distant  from  it; and
 with which  it seems  to have no immediate com-
 munication.—Marjolin.
    Centre,  Tendinous,  of  the  Diaphragm,
 Centre, phrenic.
    CENTROMYRINE. Ruscus.
    CE N T R 0 S T A L'T I C, Centrostalticus, badly
 formed from centrum,  'the centre,' and  errcAAu, 'I
 send.'  An epithet applied by Dr. Marshall  Hall
 to  the action of the  vis  nervosa in the spinal
 centre.
    CENTRUM,  see Vertebrae—c. Commune, So-
 lar plexus—e. Nerveum, Centre, phrenic—c. Op-
 ticum, Optic  centre — c. Ovale, Centre, oval — c.
 Ovale minus, see Centre, oval—c. Ovale of Vieus-
 sens,  Centre, oval —  c. Semicirculare  geminum,
 Taenia semicircularis—c  Tendinosura,  Centre,
 phrenic.
    Centrum Vita'le,  Nodus  seu Fons  vita'lis,
 (F.) Xa'tid vital.  A  term  applied,  at times,  to
 the medulla oblongata; at  others, to the  medulla
 oMonsrata, and  the medulla spinalis as far as the
 second cervical  nerve of the spinal marrow,  in
 nny part of which a wound would seem to be in-
 stantly fatal.  It is the nervous centre of respi-
 ration and deglutition.
   GENTRY, Chironia nngulnris.
    CENTUM C \PITA. Eryngium eampestre.
    CENTEMNODIA, Polygonum aviculare.
  CEPA  ASCALONICA,  Bulbus eseulentus,
Echalotte—c.  Marina, Scilla—c. Vietorialis, Al-
lium victoriale—c. Vulgaris, Allium cepa.
  CFA'MA, Veronica beccabunga.
  CEPHAF.EINUM, Emetine.
  CEPHAF.LIS IPECACUANHA. Ipecacuanha.
  CEPHALA'A,  Headach, (F.)  Ciphalie, from
KctfiaXi), 'head.'  Some use the term  synonymously
with cephalalgia;  others, for  a periodical head-
ach ; others, again,  for a more  violent headach
than cephalalgia imydies : and  others for a chronic
headach.   The last was its ancient signification.
   Cephala'a spasrnod'ica, Cephalalgia spasmod'-
ica,  C. Xauxeo'sa,  Sick-hendaelt. is characterized
by partial,  spasmodic pain ; often shifting from
one  part of the head to another: chiefly com-
mencing in the morning, with sickness  and faint-
ness. It is extremely apt to recur, notwithstand-
ing every care.
   CephalvE.v  Arthritica, Cephalagra—c.  ne-
micrania,  Hemicrania—c. Nauseosa, C. Spas-
modica—c. Pulsatilis, Crotapbe.
   CEPHALHEMATOMA,  (F.)  Ciphalimntome,
from KeijiaXr), 'head,' and 'atua, 'blood;' Cephala-
mato'tna neonato'rnm,  Eechymo'nm cap'itis,  E.
capitis recens  vato'ruin,  Thrombus n eon at o'mm,
Absces'sus  cap'itis sanguin'eus neonatorum, Tumor
cap'itis sanguin'eus neouato'rum, Cephalophy'rna,
 Craniohamatorlcus. A sanguineous tumour, some-
times developed between the pericranium and the
bones  of the head of new-born children.  Similar
 tumours are met  with occasionally above other
bones, and at all periods of existence.
   Cephalhematoma  Neonatorum, Cephala;ma-
 toma.
   C E PII A L.E ' M T A.  Hyper a'mi a cer'ebri seu
 Cap'itis,  Encephaloha'mill,  (F.)  Hyperimie  OU
 Congestion du cervenu,  Enciphalohimie, H.  ciri-
 hmle,   Congestion  ciribrale.   Accumulation  of
 blood  in the vessels of the brain.
   CEPHALAGO'GUS,  Ccphnloduc'tor,   Cnpiti-
 duc'tor, from  KetpaXri,  'head,' and  ayuryos,  'a
 leader, a driver.'  An instrument used for draw-
 ing down  the foetal head.
   CEPH'ALAGRA, from ki&oXt,,  'the head,'and
 aypa,  'seizure.'   Cephala'a  arthrilica,  Menin-
 gi'tis arthrilica.   Gout in the head.
   CEPHALAGRA'PHIA, from *foWb7, 'the
 head,' and ypaif>n,  'a description.'  An anatomical
 description of the head.
   CEPHALALGIA,  Cephalopo'nia,  Ciphalo-
 dyn'ia,  Enccphalodyn'ia,  Homonopa'gia,  from
 KctfiaXn, 'the head,' and aAyos, 'pain:' Encepha-
 lalgia,  Do/or Cap'itis seu cephalicus. Soda. Pain
 in the head:  Headach, (Sc.) Hedeverk,  (Prov.)
 Hedewark, (F.) Ciphalalgie,  Mai  d tite.  Every
 kind of headach, whether symptomatic or idio-
 pathic, is a cephalalgia.  It is ordinarily sympto-
 matic, and has to be treated  accordingly.
   Cephalalgia  Contagiosa, Influenza—c.  In-
 flammatoria, Phrenitis.
   Cephalalgia Period'ica, Febris intermit'tens
 cephalica larva'ta. Intermittent headach.  Head-
 ach which returns periodically;  properly,  per-
 haps,  a form  of neuralgia.
   Cephalalgia Pulsatilis, Crotaphe—c. Spas-
 modica, see Cephalaea.
   CEPHALALOG"IA, from Kt<paXv, 'the head,'
 and Xoyos,  'a discourse.'  An anatomical disser-
 tation on  tbe head.
    CEPHAL A XTHE  D'AMERIQUE,  Cepha-
 lanthus occidentalis.
   CEPHALAN'THUS  OCCIDENTA'LIS, But-
 tonwood shrub, Buttonbush,  White Bull, Little
 Snowball,  Swampwood,  Pond  Dogwood,  Globe-
 fiower, (F.)  Ciphalanthe  d'Amirigue.  Bois  de
 Marat's.   An ornamental shrub, Ord.  Rubiaceae ;
I Sex. Syst. Tetrandria Monogynia, which grows all 
CEPIIALARTICA           186                  CERAS
over the United States, near streams and ponds,  |
and flowers in July and August.  The bark of
the root has been used as an antiperiodic tonic.
  CEPIIALARTICA. Cephalic remedies.
  CEPHALATOM'IA,  Cephalotorrlia, from  i
KeipaXtj,  ' the  head,' and repveiv, ' to  cut.'  Ana-
tomy, or dissection, or opening of the head.
  CEPHALE. Head.
  CEPHALEMA TOME, Cephalsematoma.
  CEPHAL'IC,  Cephalicus,  Capita'lis. from
Kt<j>uXn,  'the  head.'  (F.) Ciphalique.  Relating
to the head.
  Cephal'ic Rem'edies, Cephalica  seu Capita'-
lia rerned'ia,  are remedies  capable  of relieving
affections of  the  head, especially  headach:—
Cephalar'tica.
  Cephal'ic Vein,  Vena  Cephalica seu  Cap'-
itis, (F.) Veine ciphalique,  Veine radiale cutanie
of Chaussier.   The great superficial vein at the
outer part of the arm and  fore-arm.  It begins
on the back of the hand, by a number of radicles,
which unite into a single trunk, called  tbe Ceph-
alic of the Thumb, Cephalica Pollicis, (F.) Veine
ciphalique du pouce.   It ascends along the ante-
rior and outer part of the fore-arm, where it forms
the superficial radial.  At tbe fold of the elbow
it receives the median cephalic, ascends along the
outer edge of the biceps, and opens into the axil-
lary vein.  The name Cephalic was given to it by
the ancients, because they thought  it had some
connection with the head, and  that blood-letting
ought to be performed on it, in head affections.
   Chaussier calls the internal jugular, Veine ci-
ph air que, and the  primary or common  carotid,
Artere ciphalique.
  CEPHALIDIUM, see Caput
  CEPHALI'NE.  The base or root of the tongue.
—Gorraeus.
  CEPHALIS. see Caput.
  CEPHALITIS, Phrenitis.
  CEPHALIUM, see Caput
  CEP1IAL0DUCT0R, Cephalagogus.
  CEPHALODYMTA, Encephalodynl ia ; from
Kecpa\r], 'head,' and Sour, 'I  enter into.'  A class
of double monstrosities, in which  the heads are
united.   It is divided into  two genera,  Fronto-
dym'ia  andBreymatodynlia: in the former the
union being between the ossa frontis ; in the lat-
ter between tbe bregmata.—Cruveilhier.
  CEPHALODYNIA, Cephalalgia.
  CEPIIALCEDEMA, Hydrocephalus.
  CEPHALOG'RAPHY, Cephalograpll ia ; from
KefaXn,  'head,' and ypaiprj,  'a description.'  An
anatomical description of the head.
  CEPHALOrD, Encephaloid.
  CEPHALOL'OGY, Cejjhalolog" ia; from Ke<paXv,
and Xoyos, 'a discourse.' A treatise  on the head.
  CEPHALOMA, Encephaloid.
  CEPHALOM'ELUS. (F.)  Ciphalomele;  from
KeipaXn,  'head,' and peXos, 'a  limb.'   A  monster
having  one or two accessory limbs  on the head.
—I. G. St. Hilaire.
  CEPHALO-MENINGITIS,  Meningo-cephali-
tis.
  CEPHALOM'ETER,  (P.) Ciphalomltre, from
tctipaXri,  'the head,' and perpov, 'measure.'  An
instrument for measuring the different dimensions
of the foetal head, during the process  of accouche-
ment.   A kind of forceps.
  CEPHALON'OSUS,  from KetpaXn, 'the  head,'
and voaos, 'disease.'  This term has  been applied
to the Fcbris Hungar'ica, in which the head was
much  affected.  See  Fever. Hungaric.   Others
have so called anv cerebral disease or fever.
  CEPHALOPAGES. Svmphyocephalus.
  CEPH'ALO-PHARYNG^S'US,  from  KetpaXv,
'the head.' and <papvy%, 'the pharynx:' belonging
to the  head and  pharynx.  Winslow has given
this name to the portion  of the constrictor pha-
ryngis superior, which is  attached, above, to the
inferior surface of the basilary process of the os
occipitis.  The Ceph'alo-pharynge'ttl Aponenrir'.
sis is a thin, fibrous membrane, which is attached
to the basilary process, and gives insertion to the
fibres of the constrictor superior pharyngis.
   CEPHALOPHYMA, Cephalaematoma.
   CEPHALOPONIA, Cephalalgia.
   CEPIIALO-RACHIDIAN,  Cephalo-spinnl.
   CEPHALOSOMATODYMTA,   Encephaloso.
matodynlia;  from KeipaXrj, 'head,' aor/ia,  'body,'
and Sour, ' I enter into.'   A double monstrosity,
in which the union is between the heads and tbe
trunks.  Of this there are varieties :—for exam-
ple, Infira-maxi/lostcrrnotlym'ia, where the union
is with the inferior maxillary bones and  sterna;
and Prosoposternodym'ia, between  the faces and
sterna.—Cruveilhier.
   CEPHALO-SPINAL, Cephalo-spina'lis. Ceph'.
alo-rachid'ian,  Enecph'ahi-rach'ulian, Cerebro-
spinal, Cer'ebro-rachiil inn,  Craniospinal.   A
hybrid term,  from  sitjiaXn,  ' bead,'  and  spina,
'spine.'  Belonging to the head and spine.
   Ceph'alo-spinal  Fluid,  Cephalo-rachid'inn
.fluid, Cer'ebro-spinal fluid,  Flu'iditrn cer'ebro-
spina'le, Subarachnoid'ean fluid,  (F.)  Liqititle
ciphalo-rachiilien, is an  exhaled  fluid, which is
found beneath the arachnoid, wherever pia mater
exists in connexion  with the brain  and  spinal
cord.  It seems  to have  a protecting  office, and
to  keep  up a certain degree of pressure  on the
organ—at least in the spinal canal.
   CEPHALOTHORACOSTERU'MENUS, from
KttpaXn, 'head,' Qurpa!;, 'the chest,' and  ortptiv, 'to
rob.'  A monster without head or chest.
   CEPHALOTOMIA, Eccephalosis.
   CEPHALOTRIBE, (F.)  An instrument in-
vented by Baudelocque, the nephew, for crushing
the head of the foetus in utero; from Ki<j>aXn, 'the
head,' and  rpifior, 'I bruise.'  It  consists of a
strong forceps, the blades of which are solid:  16
lines broad, and 3 thick.   The handles are per-
forated at their extremity to receive a  screw with
three  threads, the direction of which  is very ob-
lique, so as  to allow great rapidity of rotation,
and the screw is moved by a winch 6 inches long,
to  increase the force of the pressure.   The bones
of the head are easily crushed by it.
   CEPHALOTRIP'SY,   Cephalotrip'sis; same
etymon as Omphalotribe.   The operation of crush-
ing the head of the foetus in utero.
   CEPHALOTRYPESIS, Trepanning.
   CEPHALOXIA, Torticollis.
   CEPULLA, Allium cepa.
   CER, Heart.
   CERA FLAVA et CERA  ALBA,  Cems, Yel-
low and White Wax, (F.) Cire Jaune et Blanche.
An animal substance prepared by the bee, and
by some plants, as the Cerox'ylon and Myri'ai
cerif'era.   Its colour is  yellow,  and  smell like
that of honey,  but both are lost  by  bleaching.
It is demulcent and emollient; is sometimes given
in the form of emulsion,  in diarrhoea and  dysen-
tery, but is chiefly used in cerates and ointments.
   CERM'M, from Kipas, 'a horn,' Kcpaiat. Tbe
 Cornua of the uterus.—Rufus of Ephesus.
   CERAM'ICE, Cerami'tis, from tipapns, 'potter's
earth.'  A sort of earth  used as a cataplasm in
peripneumony.—Hippocrates.
   CERAMIUM, Amphora—c. Helminthochortus,
Corallina Corsicana.
   CERAMNIUM, Amphora.
   CERAMURTA, see Urine.
   CERANTHEMUS, Propolis.
   CERAS,  Kepas, 'genitive,' Kcpans, 'horn,' Cor-
nu; also, the Cornea.  Hence, Ceratectomia,  Ce-
ratocele, Ac. 
CERASION               187            CERATOTOMIA
  CERASION, see Prunus cerasus.
  CERAS'MA, from Kipavvvpt, 'to mix:' some-
thing mixed.  A mixture of hot and cold water.
Metaceras'ma.—Gorraeus.
  CERASEM, see Prunus cerasus.
  CERASUS ACID A, Prunus cerasus — c. Avi-
um,  Prunus avium, l\ nigra — c. Dulcis, Prunus
nigra — c. Hortensis, Prunus cerasus — c. Lauro-
ccrasus, Prunus  laurocerasus — c. Padus, Prunus
padus — c. Racemosus  sylvestris, Prunus padus
—c. Rubra, Prunus cerasus—c. Serotina,  Prunus
Virginiana—c. Virginiaim,  Prunus Virginiana —
c. Vulgaris, Prunus cerasus.
   CERAT BLANC ou DE GALIEN, Ceratum
Galeni—c. tie Rhine  de  Raleine, Ceratum cetacei
— c. de  Goulard, Ceratum  plumbi — c. pour les
Liners, Cerate for the lips—c. de Plomb composi,
Ceratum plumbi compositum — c. de Savon, Ce-
ratum Saponis—c. de Suracitate de plomb, Cera-
 tum plumbi superacetatis.
   CE'RATE, Cera'turn,  from Krjpas, Lat.  cera,
 'wax,'  Cerela'um, Cero'ma, Ccro'niuni, Cero'tnm,
 Cero'leum,  Olco-certltum,  Ceratornalaifmn, (F.)
Cirat, Olio-ciroli, Elaociroli, Cerioli, Lipuroidi.
A composition of wax, oil, or lard, without other
ingredients.
  Cervte, Simple   Cerate,   Cera'turn,  Cera'turn
simplex (Ph. II. S.)^ (F.) Cirat Sin^ile.  (White
wax, ^iv, Lard,  ^viij.)  It is  applied as  an
emollient  to  excoriations, Ac.  See Ceratum Ce-
tacei.
  Cerate, Belleville's,  see Unguentum Hy-
drargyri nitrico-oxydi.
  Cerate  of  Cal'amixe,  Cera'turn. Calamina
Seu Calamina prapara'ta  seu Cnrbona'tis  zinci
impilri sen Zinci Cnrbona'tis seu lap'idis Ca-
lamina'ris seu  epulolicum,  Cerate ofi  Carbonate
of Zinc,  Turner's  Cerate,  Healing  Sal re,  (F.)
Cirat  de  Pierre CaliuninaJre, C. de  Calamine.
(Ca/amin., Cera fiava, aa ^iij, ad ipis, Ibj.  Melt
tbe wax and lard  together, and, on  cooling, add
tbe carbonate of zinc and stir till cool.—Ph. U. S.)
  CERATE OF Canthar'iDES, Cera'turn  Gauthar'-
idis seu  Lytta, Blister  Ointment,  Ointment  of
Spanish Flies,  Unguen'tum  ad  vesicato'ria seu
Piileeris  Mcloes  resicato'rii  seu  epispas'ticum
for'tilts, (F.) Cirat de Cantharides.  (Spermaceti
cerate   5Jv.b  Cantharides in  pmrder,  %j.   The
cerate being softened by heat, stir in the flies.)
This cerate of the European Pharmacopoeias is
used to keep blisters, issues,  Ac, open.  See Un-
guentum  Lyttae.  For the Cerate of Spanish flies
of  the U.  S.  Pharmacopoeia, see  Emplastrum
Lytta;.
  Cerate, Goulard's, Ceratum plumbi compo-
situm.
  Cerate,  Kirkland's  Neutral.    (Diachyl.
pjviij,  olive oil  £iv, prepare// chalk ^iv:  when
nearly  cool, add Acet. dest. $iv, plumb  superacet.
giij.)   A cooling emollient.
  Cerate ou Poma'tum for the Lips, Cera'turn
labia'le rubrurn, Pommtltiini ad labia  demulcerl-
da. — Ph.  P.  (F.)  Cirat ou  Pommade pour les
lerres,  (Wax 9 parts; oil  16 parts; — coloured
with alkanet.)
  Cerate,  Lead,  Compound,  Ceratum plumbi
compositum.
   Cerate, Marshall's. (Palm oil ^vi. calomel
!|j, sitr/ar of lead $>*, ointment of nitrate of mer-
cury ,^ij.)
   Cerate, Resin,  Compound,  Ceratum Resinae
compositum — c.  Savine,  Ceratum  sabinae — c.
Soap,  Ceratum saponis—c.  Spermaceti, Ceratum
cetacei__c. of Supcracetnte  or sugar of lead, Ce-
ratuin plumbi superacetatis — c.  Turner's. Cerate
of  Calamine — c. of Carbonate of zinc, Cerate of
calamine.
   CERATECTOMTA,  from Ktpas, Ktparos, 'the
cornea/  and  exropos,  ' cut out.'   An  incision
through the cornea.   See Ceratotomia.
  CERATIA, Ceratonium siliqua.
  CERATI'ASIS, Kerutlasis, from Ktpas, Ktparos,
'horn.'   A  morbid  condition  characterized  by
corneous growths.
  CERATION, Siliqua.
  CERATI'TIS,  Keratitis, from  Ktpas, Ktparos,
'the cornea,'  and itis,  'inflammation.'  Inflam-
mation  of the cornea,  Ceratitis, Ceratode'i'tis,
Keratodeltis, Ceratomeningi'tis,  Cornei'tis, In-
fiammeliio cor'nea.
  CERATIUM. Ceratonium siliqua.
  CER'ATO. In composition, relating or apper-
taining to  the cornua of the os hyoides, or to tbe
cornea.
  CERATOCE'LE. Keratoce'le, Aquttla,  Urn'-
tio, Prominen'tia Cor'nea, Hernia Cor'nea, Cera-
todeoce'le,  from  Ktpas, Ktparos, 'horn,' and sriXrj,
'tumour.'   A protrusion of the transparent cor-
nea, or rather of the membrane of the aqueous
humour, through an opening in the cornea.
   CERATODEITIS, Ceratitis.
   CERATODEOCELE, Ceratocele.
   CERATODEONYXIS.  Ceratonyxis.
   CERATODES MEMBRANA, Cornea.
   CERATOGLOS'SES, KeratogUjs'sus,  from ce-
 rato, and  yXoraaa, ' the tongue.'  A muscle, ex-
 tending from the great cornu of the os hyoides to
 the base of the tongue.  It is  a part of  the hyo-
 glossus.
   CERATOIDES,  Cornea.
   CERATOLEUCOMA, Leucoma.
   CERATO'MA, Cerato'sis, from Ktpas, Ktparos,
 'horn.'  A horny growth, or horny formation.
   CER'ATO-MALA'CIA, k'er'ato-mala'cia, from
 Ktpas,  Ktparos, '  cornea,' and paXuKia, ' softness.'
 Softening of the cornea, the result of inflamma-
 tion or of starvation.
   CERATO-MALAGMA. Cerate.
   CERATO-MENINGITIS, Ceratitis.
   CERATO-MENINX, Cornea.
   CERATO'NIA, SILTQUA, from Ktpas, Ktparos,
 'a  horn' — from its hornlike pod.   The  Carob
  Tree, Cera'tium, Cera'tia, Siliqua  dulcis,  Cnro'-
 ba  Alnabati, Sweetpod, (F.)  Caroubier,  (Fruit,
  Carouge.)   This—tbe fruit of the Ceratonia sili-
 qua—is mucilaginous, and employed in  decoction
 where mucilages are indicated.
   CERATONYX'IS,  Keratonyx'is,  Ceratotleo-
 uyx'is, from Ktpas,  Ktparos, 'the cornea,' and  vva-
 triti, 'I  puncture.'  An operation  by which the
 crystalline is depressed by means of a needle in-
 troduced  into the eye through the cornea.  Some
 divide  the  crystalline  into fragments with the
 needle, and leave them to the action of  the ab-
 sorbents.   The  operation is  as  old  as the 17th
 century.
    CER'ATO-PHARYNGE'US, Ker'ato-Pharyn-
 ge'us,  from  cerato, and  tpapvy!;, 'the pharynx.'
 The great and small Cer'ato-pharynge'i are small
  fleshy bundles,  forming part  of the Hyopharyn-
 geus of Winslow.       _
    CERATOPLAS'TICE, Cer'otoplasty, Kerato-
  plasty, from Ktpas, Ktparos, ' the cornea,' and TtXaa-
  tikos, ' forming, formative.'  The operation for the
  formation of an  artificial cornea.  It has not been
  practised on man.
    CERATORRHEXTS, Rnptn'ra cor'nea, from
  Ktpas, Ktparos, 'the  cornea,' and  pn£ts,  'rupture.'
  Rupture of the  cornea.
    CERATOSIS, Ceratoma.
  CER'ATO-STAPHYLI'NUS, Ker'ato-staphy-
U'nus,  from  cerato, and  araipvXri,  'the uvula.'
Some fleshy  fibres  of the Thyro-staphylinus of
Winslow.
  CERATOTO'MIA,  Ceratectom'ia, from Ktpas,
Ktparos,  'cornea,' and  rtpvttv, 'to  cut.'  Section
of the transparent cornea.  This incision is used 
CERATOTOMUS            1
in tbe operation for cataract, to give exit to pus
effused in the eve, in case of hypopyon, Ac.
  CERATOT'OMUS, Keratolomus,  Kerat'omus,
from Kteas, Ktparos, 'cornea,' and rtpvttv, 'to cut.
A name given by Wenzel to his knife for dividing
the transparent cornea, in the operation for cata-
ract.  Many modifications of the instrument have
been made  since Wenzel's time.  See Knife, ca-
taract.
  CERATUM, Cerate—c. Album, Ceratum ceta-
cei, Ceratum Galeni—c. de Althaea, Unguentum
de Althaea— c. Calamina!, Cerate of Calamine—
c. Cantharidis, Cerate of  Cantharides, Emplas-
trum  Lyttae—c. de Cerussa, Unguentum plumbi
subcarbonatis.
   Cera'tum Ceta'cei,  C.  Spermaceli seu album
seu ceti seu simplex (Ph. E.), Unguen'tum Ceta'-
cei (Ph. D.) seu  adipoce'ra  ceto'rum, Linirnen'-
titm album, Emplas'trum Sperm'atis  Ceti, Sperma-
ceti Cerate, (F.) Cirat de  blanc  de  baleine,  On-
gitettt blanc. (Spermaceti, j^j ;  ivhite wax, Jjiij ;
olive oil, f Jf vi.  Ph. U.  S.)  A good emollient to
ulcers, Ac.
   Ceratum Ceti, Ceratum cetacei — c. Cicutae,
Ceratum conii—c. Citrinura, Ceratum resinae.
   Cera'tum Coni'i.  Cera'tum   Cicu'ta.  (Ung.
conii, Ibj ; cetacei, ^ij ;  cera  alba, ^iij.)  A  for-
mula in  Bartholomew's  Hospital;  occasionally
applied to cancerous, scrofulous sores,  Ac.
   Ceratum Epuloticum, Cerate  of calamine.
   Cera'tum Gale'ni, C. album  seu refrig"erans
Gale'ni, Unguen'tum cera'tum seu amygdali'num
seu simplex, Emplas'trum ad fontic'ulos, O'leo-
cera'tum aqud subac'tum, Cold Cream,  (F.) Cirat
blanc ou  de Galien.  ( White wax, 4  parts ; oil
of sweet  almonds, 16 parts;  add, when melted,
water  or rose-water, 12 parts.  Ph. P.)  A mild
application to chaps, Ac.
   Cera'tum Hydrar'gyri Compos'itum, Com-
pound  Cerate of Mercury. (Ung. Hydrarg., Ce-
rat. Sxpon. Comp.,  aa, §vj;   Camphor, (^iss.
Rub together.  Ph. L.)   A discutient to indolent
tumours.
   Ceratum Labiale Rubrum,  Cerate for  the
lips — c.  Lapidis calaminaris, Cerate of calamine
— c. Lithargyri  acetati  compositum, Ceratum
plumbi compositum—c. Lyttae, Cerate of cantha-
rides—c. Mercuriale, Unguentum hydrargyri—c.
Picatum, Pisselaeum.
   Ceratum Plumbi Compos'itum, C. Lithar'gyri
Aceta'ti Compos'itum seu Subaceta'ti plumbi medi-
ca'turn seu Plumbi Subaceta'tis (Ph.  U. S.) seu Sa-
tur'ni,  Compound  Lead Cerate, Goulard's Cerate,
 Goulard's Ointment, (F.) Cirat de Goulard,  C. de
Plomb  compose.    (Liq. plumb,  subacet., ^iiss;
eera fiava, ,^jiv;  ol.  oliv., ]fix; camphora,  5JSS-
Ph. U. S.)  Its virtues  are the same as the next.
   Ceratum Plumbi Superaceta'tis, C.  Plumbi
Aceta'tis,  Unguentum Cerns'sa Aceta'ta, Cerate
of Superacetate or Sugar of Lead, Unguentum Ace-
tatis Plumbi, (F.) Cirat de. suracitote de Plomb.
(Acetate  of lead,  SJij ; white wax,  3jij j olive oil,
Ibss.)   Cooling and astringent.
   Ceratum Refrigerans Galeni, Ceratum Ga-
leni.
   Ceratum Resi'n^g, C. Resi'na fiava seu cit'ri-
 num,  Unguen'tum basilicon fiavum seu Resi'na
 fiava seu Resino'sum, Resin Cerate or Ointment,
  Yellow  Basilicon, Basilicon Ointment.   (Resin.
 fiav., t^v; Cera flav.,ffiy,  Adipis,  ,:§viij.   Ph.
 U. S.)   A stimulating  application  to  old ulcers,
 Ac.  Digestive.
   Dr. Smellome's Ointment for the Eyes consists
 of finely powdered verdigris,  gss, rubbed with
 oil, and  then  mixed with an  ounce  of ceratum
resin a.
   Ceratum Resi'n^b  Compos'itum,  Compound
Resin  Cerate, (Resin., Sevi, Cera fiava, aa, lb j ;
 Terebinth., Ibss;  OL Lini, Oss.  Deshler's Salve.
8            CEREBELLITIS
i Melt together, strain through  linen, and stir till
j cool.   Ph.  U. S.)
   Ceratum Sabi'NjE, Unguentum Sabina, Savine
 Cerate, (F.) Cirat de Sabine.  (Savine, in pow-
 der,  §ij; Resin Cerate,  Ibj.  Ph. U. S.  Irrita-
 tive, 'drawing.'   Used in the  same cases as  the
 cerate of cantharides.
   Ceratum Sapo'nis, C. Sapo'nis Compos'itum,
 Soap Cerate, (F.)  Ciratjle Savon.  (Liq.J'lurnb.
 subacetat.,  Oij; Sapon, £vy, Cera alba,^\; 01.
 oliva, Oj.  Boil the solution of subacetate of lead
 with the soap over a slow fire, to the consistence
 of honey; then transfer to a water-bath, and eva-
 porate until all the moisture is dissipated ; lastly,
 add the wax, previously melted with the oil, and
 mix.   Ph.  U. S.)  It is applied in cases of sprains
 or fractures,
   Ceratum Satitrni, Ceratum plumbi composi-
 tum— c. Simplex, Cerate, simple, Ceratum ceta-
 cei—c. Spermaceti, Ceratum cetacei—c. Subace-
 tati plumbi medicatum, Ceratum plumbi composi-
 tum—c. Tetrapharmacum, Pissela>um.
   Ceratum Zinci Carbonatls,  Cerate of  Car-
 bonate of Zinc.  (Zinci carbonat. praparat., gij ;
  Ung. simpl., gx.   Ph. U. S.)   Used in the snuie
 cases as the Ceratum calaminae.
   CERAU'NION,  from  Ktpavvos, 'thunder,'  'a
 thunderbolt.'  Lapis fulmirleus.  A kind of stone,
 which was  believed to be formed during thunder;
 and  to be  possessed  of the  power of inducing
 sleep, and  numerous other  prophylactic virtues.
 It was rubbed on  the knee, breast, Ac., in swell-
 ings of those parts.
   CERBERA AHOVAI, see Strychnine.
   Cerbf.ra Taughin, Tanghirlia, T. venenif'era.
 A tree of Madagascar,  Order, Apocynaceae;  the
 kernel of whose fruit is a deadly poison ; and al-
 though not larger than an almond is sufficient to
 destroy twenty people.
   Cerbera Thevetia, see Strychnine.
   CERBERUS TRICEPS,  Pulvis cornachini.
   CERCA'RIA, from KtpKos,  'a tail.'  A genus
 of agastric, caudate, infusory animalcules, one of
 the most curious of which  inhabits the tartar of
 the teeth.  The, so called, spermatozoa have been
 presumed by some to belong to this genus.
    CERCHNASMUS, Corchnus.
    CERCIINOMA, Cerchnus.
    CERCHNES, Cerchnas'mus, Cerchnttm, Cerch-
 no'ma, from Ktpxvtur, ' I render hoarse.'  A rough
 voice produced by hoarseness.  See Rattle.
    CERCIFIS, Tragopogon porrifolium.
    CER'CIS, KtpKis-  A sort of pestle for reducing
 substances to powder.  Also,  the radius or small
 bone of the arm.  See Pilum, and Radius.
    CERCLE, Circulus—c. de la Choroide, Ciliary
 ligament—c. Ciliare, Ciliary ligament.
    CERCO'SIS, from KtpKos,  'a tail.'  Men'tula
  mulie'bris, the Cliloris.   Some authors have cm-
  ployed the word synonymously with  nymphoma-
  nia and elongation of the clitoris; and with Poly-
  pus Uteri, the Sarco'ma Cerco'sis of Sauvages.
    Cercosis  Clitoridis,  Clitorism — c. Externa,
  Clitorism.
    CEREA, Cerumen.
    CEREA'LIA, from Ceres, 'goddess of corn.'
  (F.)  Ciriales (Plantes.)  The  cerealia  are gra-
  mineous plants, the seed of which serve for the
  nourishment of man :—as wheat, barley, rye, Ac.
  At times, the same term is applied to some of the
  leguminous plants.
    CEREBARIA, Carebaria.
    CEREBEL'LA URI'NA.  Urine of a whitish
  appearance, of the colour of the brain or cerebel-
  lum, from which  Paracelsus thought he could
  distinguish diseases of that organ.
    CEREBELLI'TIS, badly  formed  from  cere-
  bellum and itis, denoting inflammation.  Poren-
  cephalitis, Infiamma'tio cerebel'li.  Inflammation 
CEREBELLOUS
189
CERFEUIL
of the cerebellum: a variety of phrenitis or ence-
phalitis.
  CEREBEL'LOUS, Cerebello'sus, from  cerebel-
lum, ' the little brain.'   (F.) Cirihelleux.  Chaus-
sier has given  this epithet to the vessels of the
cerebellum.  These  are three in  number;  two
of which  are  inferior: the  larger, inferior cere-
belli, which arises from the posterior cerebral or
vertebral; and  the smaller, whose  existence is
not constant, from the meso-cephalic or basilary :
—the third, called A. ciribelleuse supirieure (su-
prrior- cerebelli,) is also a branch of the basilary.
   Ceiiebel'lous  Ap'oplexy, Apoplex'ia  cere-
bello'sa :  apoplexy of the  cerebellum.
   CEREBEL'LUM,  diminutive  of  Cerebrum;
 Cerebrum porrum  seu. poste'rius, Apperldix ad
cp.r'ebciun, Encra'nion, Encra'nis, Epencra'nis,
Parenccpllatis, Parencepllalus,  Parencepjh'alum,
Eucephnlium, Enceph'altts  opis'thius, Micrence-
 pha'bum, Micrencepllalum, Little brain (F.) Cer-
 velet.  A portion of  the  medullary mass,  con-
 tained in the cavity of the cranium.   It fills the
 lower occipital fossoo  below the tentorium, and
 embraces the tuber annulare and medulla.    It is
 composed, like the brain, of vesicular and  tubu-
 lar  substance, arranged in  laminae, as  it were;
 so that, when a  section is made of  it, it has an
 arborescent appearance, called Arbor vita.   The
 cerebellum is divided into two lobes or hemispheres
 or lateral masses, Lobus  superior anterior seu
 quadrangnla'ris, and Lobus superior posterior seu
 semiluna'ris, and each lobe  is again subdivided
 into Montic'uli or Lobules.  In  the cerebellum
 are to be observed the crura cerebelli, the fourth
 ventricle, the valvula magna cerebri, the processus
 veriniculares, superior and inferior, Ac.
   CER'EBRAL, Gerebra'lis, (F.), Ciribral,  from
 cerebrum, 'the brain.'  Belonging to the  brain;
 similar to brain.
   Cerebral Apophysis,  Pineal gland.
   Cerebral Ar'teries are  three on each side:
 — the anterior or  artery of the  corpus eallosum,
 and  the  middle, arte'ria Sylvia'na, are furnished
 by the internal  carotid: — the posterior or poste-
 rior and  inferior artery of the brain, A. profunda
 cerebri,   arises  from  the vertebral.    Chaussier
 calls these arteries lobaires, because they corre-
 spond with  the  anterior, middle, and  posterior
 lobes, whilst he calls  the  trunks, whence  they
 originate, cerebral.
   Cerebral Nerves are  those which arise with-
 in the cranium, (F.) A'erfis craniens,  all of which,
 perhaps,  with the exception of the olfactory, ori-
 ginate from the medulla oblongata.   See Nerves.
   In Pathology, an affection is  called  cerebral,
 which specially occupies the brain.  Fievre ciri-
 brale, Cerebral fever,  is  a variety in which the
 head is much affected.
   CEREBRATION,  Cerebratio, from  cerebrum,
 'the brain.'   The action of the brain during any
 mental or moral manifestation.
   CERERRIFORM, Encephaloid.
   CEREBRITIS.  Phrenitis.
   CEREBROPATIIY, see Nervous diathesis.
   CEREBRO-MALACIA. Mollities  cerebri.
   CEREBRO-RACHIDIAN, Cephalo-spinal.
   CEREBRO-SPINAL, Cephalo-spinal.  Accre-
 bro-spinal or cerebro-spinant is a neurotic, which
 exercises a special  influence over one or more
 functions of the brain  and spinal cord, and  their
 respective nerves.—Pereira.
   Cerebro-Simnal Axis, see Encephalon.
   CEREBRO-SPINANT. Cerebro-spinal.
   CER'ERRUM or  CERE'BRUM,  from   Kapa,
 'the head.'   Tie brain.  (F.) Cervenu, Cerrelle.
This term is  sometimes applied to the whole of
the  contents  of  tbe cranium :  at others,  to the
upper portion ;—the posterior and inferior  being
called cerebellum.   The brain, properly so  called,
extends from the os frontis to the superior occi-
pital  fossae.  Anteriorly, it rests on the orbitar
vault: behind this,  on the middle  fossae  of the
base of the cranium; and, posteriorly, on the ten-
torium cerebello superextensnm.  The upper sur-
face is divided by a deep median cleft  (Seissure
interlobaire, — Ch.) into two halves, called hemi-
spheres, which are  united at  the  base by the
corpus eallosum.   At  its surface are numerous
convolutions.   The inferior surface exhibits, from
before to  behind, three  lobes,  distinguished  into
anterior,  middle,  and posterior.  The  middle is
separated from the  anterior  by the fissure of
Sylvius; and from  the posterior, by a shallow
furrow which corresponds to the upper portion of
the pars  petrosa.   Internally,  the brain has, on
the  median  line,  the corpus  eallosum,  septum
lucidnm, fornix, pineal gland, and third ventricle:
— and  laterally, the lateral ventricles,  in which
are the corpora striata,  optic  thalami, Ac.   It is
contained in  a triple envelope, (see Meninges.)
Its texture is pulpy,  and varies according  to age.
Two  substances may be  distinguished in it — the
white, medullary, tubular or fibrous—medulla
cer'ebri,  (F.) Pulpe  ciribral,  and the cortical,
cineritious,  vesicular, or gray.   The  former is
white;  and occupies all the interior and base of
the brain.  The  latter is grayish and softer.  It
is situate particularly at the surface of the organ.
   The brain receives several arterial vessels, fur-
nished by tbe internal carotid and vertebral.   Its
veins end in the  sinuses.   It is  the material
organ of the mental and moral manifestations.
According to Gall, each part  is the special seat
of one of those faculties, and the brain  and cere-
bellum, inclusive, are called by him 'the nervous
system of the mental faculties.'  See Craniology.
   The substance of the nervous system—Xeurine
—has been analyzed by Yauquelin, and found to
contain water, 80-00 ; white  fatty matter, 4-53 ;
red   fatty matter,  called cerebrine, 0-70;  osma-
zome, 1-12;  albumen, 7-00;  phosphorus,  1-j();
sulphur,  acid phosphates of  potassa, lime, and
magnesia, 515.
   Cerebrum Abdominale, Solarplexus—o. Elon-
gatum, Medulla  oblongata—c.  Parvum, Cerebel-
lum—c. Posterius, Cerebellum.
   CERECTOMY, Ccrectom'ia, Kcrec'tomy, from
Ktpus, 'cornea,' and tKropn, 'excision.'   Excision
of a  layer or portion of  the cornea.
   CEREFOLIUM, Scandix cerefolium —c.  Ilis-
panicum, Clncrophylluui odoratum—c. Sylvestre,
Chaerophyllum sylvestre.
   CERELiEUM, Cerate.
   CEREOLE', Cerate.
   CEREOLUS, Bougie.
   CERERISIA, Cerevisia.
   CERERIUM,  Cerium.
   CEREUM  MEDICATUM, Bougie.
   CERE  US,  Rougie.
   CEREVISTA, quasi Cereris'ia, Cervis'ia, Ce'-
lia, Zythus, Zythum, Liquor Cer'eris, Qtvos KpiQus,
 Vinum hordea*ceum, Bira, Bryton, (Ipvrov,  Baiictj
wine, from  Ceres, 'corn;' whence  it  is made.
Ale (Alia,) (Sc.) Bariey-bree, Barley-corn, Beer,
Porter, (F.)  Biere,  Cervoise.   These fluids are
drunk  by the  inhabitants  of  many   countries
habitually, and in Great Britain and   Germany
more than in others.  They are nourishing, but
not very  easy of digestion.  The old dispensato-
ries  contain numerous medicated ales, which  arc
no longer in use.   Some, however, are still ad-
mitted.   They are  the  Brntolis ou  Brytolis of
Chereau,  Brytolatures of Beral; — Bieres Midi-
cinales.
   Cerevisia Abietis, Beer,  spruce —  c.  Nigra,
see Falltranck.
   CERFEUIL, Scandix cerefolium—c. Musqui, 
CERION
190
CERVUS
Chferophyllum  odoratum — c. Sauvage, Chsero-
phyllum sylvestre
  CERION7, see Favosus, Porrigo favosa.
  CERISIER, Prunus  cerasus —c.  et Grappes,
Prunus padus—c. de Virginie, Prunus Virginiana.
  CE'RIUM, Cere'rium.  A metal which is never
found isolated, being usually combined with lan-
thanium  or  lantanium  and  didymium.   The
salts of cerium are supposed to be sedative and
tonic.  They have been used  iri dyspepsia in its
various  forms; the vomiting of pregnancy, Ac.
Dose of the oxalate or nitrate, one or two grains.
  CERNIN, SAINT, WATERS OF.  St.  C. is a
parish in  the  diocese of  St. Flour,  Upper Au-
vergne, France.  The water is a chalybeate.  It
is called Eau du Cambon.
  CERNOS, Capistrum.
  CEROE'NE, Cerou'ne, or Cirone'ne, Ceroe'num,
from Kripos, 'wax,' and  otvos, 'wine.'   A plaster
composed of yellow wax, mutton suet, pitch, Bur-
gundy pitch, bole Armeniac,  thus and wine.  It
was used as a strengthening plaster.   Sometimes
it contained neither wax nor  wine.
  CEROLEUM, Cerate.
  CEROMA, Cerate.  See Lardaceous.
  CEROMANTI'A, from Knpos, 'wax,' and pav-
reta, ' divination.'   The art of foretelling  the fu-
ture, from the figures which melted wax assumes,
when suffered to drop on the  surface of water.
  CERONIEM, Cerate.
  CEROPIS'SUS, from Knpos, 'wax,' and  irtcca,
'pitch.'  A depilatory plaster, composed of pitch
and wax.
   CEROS, Cera.
   CEROSTROSIS, Hystriciasis.
  CEROTUM, Cerate.
  CEROXYLON, see Cera flava et alba.
   CERUA, Ricinus communis.
   CERU'MEN, from cera,  'wax.'  C. Au'rium,
 Ce'rea, Aurium Sordes, Sordic'ula au'rium, Mar-
mora'ta Au'rium,  Cypsele, Ceru'minous Humour,
Ear-wax, Cyp'.selis, Fit'gile, (F.) Ciredes Oreilles.
A name  given to  the unctuous humour,  similar
to  wax in its  physical properties, which  is met
with in the meatus  auditorius externus.  It is
secreted by glands, situate beneath the skin lining
the meatus.  It lubricates the  meatus, preserves
the suppleness of the lining membrane, prevents
the introduction of bodies floating in  the atmo-
sphere, and by its bitterness and unctuousness
prevents insects from penetrating.
   CERU'MINOUS,  Cerumino'sus, (F.) Cirumi-
neux.  Relating to cerumen.
   Ceruminous  Glands,  Ceru'minous  Follicles,
 (F.) Glandes ou Follicules cirumineuses.   Glands
or  follicles which secrete the  cerumen.
   CERUSE, Plumbi subcarbonas.
   CERUSSA ACETATA, Plumbi superacetas —
c. Alba Hispanica, Plumbi subcarbonas—c. Alba
 Norica, Plumbi subcarbonas—c. Nigra, Graphites
—c. Psymmithron, Plumbi subcarbonas—c. Ser-
pentaria?, see Arum maculatum.
   CERUSSE,  Plumbi subcarbonas.
   CERUS'SEA TJRI'NA. A term used by Para-
 celsus for the urine, when of a colour like cerusse.
   CERVARIA ALBA, Laserpitium latifolium.
   CERVEAU, Cerebrum.
   CERVELET, Cerebellum.
   CERVELLE. Cerebrum.
   CERVI BOLETUS, Elaphomyces Granulatus.
   CERVI ELAPHI  CORNU,  Cornu cervi, see
Cervus.
   CER'VICAL,  Cervica'lis,   Trache'lian, (F.)
 Trachilien, from cervix, cervicis, the neck, ' the
back of the neck.'   Every thing which concerns
the neck.  Cervi'cal, in antiquity, meant a pillow
or bolster.
  Cervical Ar'teries are three in number: 1.
The ascending, anterior, or superficial, a branch
of the  inferior thyroid, distributed to the scalcni
muscles and integuments.   2. The  transverse
(Cervico-scapnlnirc—Ch.,) a branch of the axil-
lary artery, or of the subclavian :  distributed to
the levator scapula,  trapezius, Ac.  3. The /ul-
terior or profound, A. transversa'lis colli, Tra-
chilo-cervicale—(Ch.) a branch of the subclavian,
distributed to the deep-seated muscles on the an-
terior and posterior parts of the neck.   See, also,
Princeps Cervicis (arteria).
  Cervical Gan'gi.ions.   The three ganglions
of the great sympathetic.   The cervical glands
or lymphatic glands  of the neck  are, also, so
called.  See Trisplanchnic nerve.
  Cervical  Lig'aments.   These are  two in
number.   1. The anterior, extending  from the
basilary process of the occipital bone  to the an-
terior part of the first cervical vertebra.  2. The
posterior or supraspi'nous,  Ligamen'tum Xu'c.hm,
which  extends from  the outer occipital protube-
rance to the spinous  process of the seventh cer-
vical vertebra.  In animals with large heads it is
very strong.
   Cervical  Nerves  are  eight in number on
each side, and form the eight cervical p>airs, which
are the first given off from the spinal  marrow.
   Cervical Plexus, Plexus Traehiln-souscutanl
(Ch.)  The nervous  net-work formed by the an-
terior branches of the first three cervical nerves,
'above  the posterior scalenus muscle, and  at the
outer side of the pneumogastric nerve, carotid
artery, and jugular vein.
   Cervical Region, Anterior Deep, Prever'-
tebral  region.   The region  of  the neck, occupied
by three pairs of muscles  placed immediately in
front of the cervical and three superior dorsal
vertebrae :~-viz. the rectus capitis anticus major,
the rectus capitis anticus minor, and longus colli;
—hence termed prevertebral muscles.
   Cervical Veins have nearly the same distri-
bution as the arteries.
   Cervical Ver'tebr^e.   The first seven verte-
brae of tbe spine.
   CERVICALIS  DESCENDENS, see  Hypo-
glossus and Sacro-lumbalis.
   CERVTCARIA, Campanula trachelium.
   CERVICI-DORSO-SCAPULATRE,  Rhom-
boideus — c. Dorso-costal, Serratus posticus  su-
perior— c. Dorso-mastoidien et dorso-trachelien,
Splenius—c. Mnstn'idien, Splenius.
   CER'VICO-FA'CIAL,  Cer-vi'co-facia''lis.  Be-
longing to the  neck  and face.
   Cervico-facial Nerve, Nervrts  cervr'co-facia-
lis.  A branch of the facial nerve, distributed to
the neck and face.
   CERVISIA, Cerevisia,
   CERVISPINA, Rhamnus.
   CERVIX, Collum.  The neck, especially the
back part.  A  neck.
   Cervix Obstipa,  Torticollis—c. Uteri, Collum
uteri.
   CERVOTSE, Cerevisia.
   CERVUS, Cerva.   The  horn of the  Cervus El-
aphus, called Cornu, Cervi Elaphi Cornu,  Cornu
 Cervi'num,  Hartshorn,  (F.) Come  de cerfi, con-
tains 27 parts of gelatin in the 100.  A jelly made
from the shavings is emollient and nutritive.
   The Stag's Pizz/e, Pria'pus  Cervi, was  once
considered to be  aphrodisiac.  Dose, ^j to ^j, in
powder.
   Cervus  Alces.   The  Elk, (F.) Elan.  The
 hoof of this animal was anciently used as an anti-
 epileptic.  The animal, it was asserted, was sub-
ject to attacks of epilepsy, and always cured them
by putting its hoof  into the ear.  The  hoof  was
also'worn as an amulet.
   Cornu Ustum, Burnt Hartshorn, has been used
as an antacid, but it consists of 57 parts of phos- 
CESAR1ENNE  OP&RATION    191               CHAMjELEA
phate, and only one of carbonate of lime.  It is,  1
thcr'Tore, not of much use.
  CESA RIEXXE  OPERA TION,  . Caesarean
section.
  CESSATI0  MENSIUM,  Amenorrhcea.
  CESTRI'TES.   A wine prepared from betony,
(kiut,iov, ' betony.')
  CESTROW Betonica officinalis.
  CETA'CEUM,   from K-qros,  cetits,  'a whale.'
Album Ceti, Adipoce'ra eeto'sa, Stearlnum cetil-
ceum, Sperrnnceli, Parmacit'y. Sperm, (F.)  Blanc
de  Baleine, Celine, Ad i pod re lie Raleine.  An
inodorous, insipid, white,  crystallized, friable,
unctuous substance, obtained  from the  brain  of
tbe Physe'ter Macroceph'nlus or Spermaceti Whale,
(F.)  Cachalot, and  other  varieties  of  whale.
S. g. -9133: melts at 112°.  It is demulcent and
emollient,  and has been  given  in coughs and
dysentery, but is mostly used in ointments.  Dose,
^ss to 3'ss, rubbed up with sugar or  egg.
  CETERACH OFFICINARUM,  Asplenium
ceterach.
   CETTXE. Cetaceum.
  CETRARIA ISLANDICA, Lichen islandicus.
  CETRARIN, see Lichen islandicus.
  CETRARIUM, see Lichen islandicus.
  CEVADILLA, see Veratrura sabadilla—c. His-
pannrum, Veratrum sabadilla.
   CEVADILLE, Veratrum sabadilla.
  CIIAA. Thea.
   CIIACRILLE,  Croton cascarilla.
   CHADEOCK, Sinapis arvensis.
   CII.EEEI'OLTUM, Scandix cerefolium.
   CIl.EROPHYL'EUM, from x<"Po>>  'I rejoice,'
and tjrvXXov, 'a leaf,' owing to its luxuriant foliage.
Scandix cerefolium.
  Ch.erophyli.um Cerefolium,  Scandix cerefo-
lium—c. Angulatum,  Ch. sylvestre:
  Ch^ROPHYl'lum  Ooora'titm,  Scandix  seu
 Cicutn'ria Odorn'ta, Myrrhis Odora'ta seu Major,
Cere fo'Hum Hispan'icum,  Sweet Cic"ely, (F.)
Cerfeuil mitsquie ou u"'Espatyne ;  Order, Umbelli-
ferae ; has the smell of aniseed, and is cultivated
on  account of its aromatic properties.
   Cii.erophyl'lum Monogynum, Ch.  sylvestre—
c. Sativum, Scandix.
  Ch.erophyl'lum Sylves'tre, Cicutn'rin, Cha-
rophylluin tenlulum. seu monog'ynum sen  angtt-
la'tum seu rerticella'tnm, Anthris'cus hu'mifis seu
 proc"erus, Cerefo'lium  Si/lves'tre, Bustard Hem-
lock, Wild Chervil or  Cow-weed, (P.)  Cerfeuil
saurnge, Persil d'Auc, is a slightly fetid aromatic,
but is not used.
   Cii.eroimiyli.um Tkmi'i.i'm, Cha2rophyllum syl-
vestre —c Ycrticillatum, Ch. sylvestre.
  OH.ETE. Capillus.
  CHAFING,  Erythe'ma Intertrigo,  Intertrigo,
Paratrim'ma,  Paratripr'sis, Dintrinlma, Attri'ta,
Attrit"io,  from  (F.)  eschaurfer,  ichauffer,  'to
beat,' Fret,  Gall  of  the skin .-  Attri'tus, (F.)
Eehniiffemens, Ecorchvres.   The red excoriations
which occur in consequence  of the  friction  of
parts, or between the folds of the skin, especially
in fat or neglected children.  AVashing with cold
water and  dusting with hair-powder  is the best
preventive.  When occurring  between the  nates
and in  the region of the  perinaeum, from long
walking.—Intertrigo  pod'ieis.  Proctalgia  iuter-
trininn'sn,—it is  vulgarly designated  by  the
Frcn ii  Fitrefesson.
  OHA FERINE, Jawbone.                     I
  CHAIR. Flesh.
  CITATR. ORSTETRTC. Labour chair.
  Cff \ISF PERCEE, Lasanum.
  CHAL \^1S. Relaxation.
  C11ALASMUS. Relaxation.
  CIIALAS'TICUS, from ^aAao., 'I  relax.'   A
medicine  proper  for  removing rigidity of the
fibres.—Galen.  An emollient or relaxant.
  CHAL'AZA, Chala'zion, Chalazium, Chalazo'-
sis, Poro'six, Graudo, Tophus, Hail, (F.) Grile,
Gravelle,  from ^aXa^a,  ' hail.' A  hard, round,
transparent tumour, developed in different parts
of the body, more especially in the  substance of
the eyelids. — Also,  the Cicatricula of the egg.
Generally, however, in the language  of ovologists,
the chalaza or poles are, in the egg of the bird,
the more dense internal  layer of the albumen,
which adheres to  the yolk, and is  continued, in
the form of two spirally twisted bands, towards
the extremities of  the egg.  The twisting is con-
sidered  to be produced  by the revolving motion
of the egg in its descent through the oviduct.
   Chalaza?, see Chalaza.
   CHALAZONEPHRITIS,   Kidney,   Bright's
disease  of the.
   CHALCANTHEM, Atramentum,  Ferri sulphas
—c. Album, Zinci sulphas.
   CHALCEDONIUS, Cornelian.
   CHALCITAS, Bismuth.
   CHALCITES, Cokothar.
   CHALCOILEUM Cos),  Cuneiform bone.
   CHALCOS, Brass, Cuprum, ^Ereolum.
   CHALCUS, ^reolum. __
   C1IALEUR, Heat—e. Acre, see Acrid—c. Ani-
male. Animal  heat, see Heat.
   CHALEURS DES ANIMAUX, see Heat—
c. du Foie, Heat.
   CHAEINI. see Lip.
   CHAL'INOPEASTY, Chalinoplas'tice ;  from
XaXtvos,  'fraenum,' 'a  bridle,' and TtXaaaw, 'I
form.'   The operation for forming a  newfrrenum.
   CHALK, Creta—c. Red, Rubrica febrilis — c.
Stones,  Calculi, arthritic.
   CHALL. Maxillary bone.
   CHALYRE, Chalybeate.
   CHALYB'EATE,  Chalybea'tns,   Ferrugin'eus,
Ferrugino'sns,  Eerra'tus,  Martia'lis,  Ferru'gi-
nous, Mar'tial, (F.) Ferrugineux, Chalybi, from
chalybs, 'iron or steel.'  Of, or belonging to iron ;
containing iron.  Any medicine into which iron
enters,  as chnlybeate  mixture, pills, waters, Ac.
See Waters, Mineral.
   CHALYBIS RUBTGO, Ferri subcarbonas.
   CHALYBOKRENiE, Water, mineral, (cha-
lybeate.)
   CHALYB0PEGJ3, Water, mineral,  (chaly-
beate.)
   CHALYBS. from Chalybes; a people of Pon-
tns, who dug iron  out of the earth;  ^4'c»e», Steel.
The Proto-carburet of  iron,  fF.)  Acier.  As a
medicine, steel does not differ from  iron.
   Chalybs Tartarizatus, Ferrum  tartarizatum.
   CHAMA. Cheme.
   CHAM^ACTE. Sambucus ebulus.
   CIIA.M.EBATOS, Fragaria.
   CHAM/ECE01US, Artemisia santonica.
   CHAM.-ECISSUS, Glechoma hederacea.
   CIIAM,ECLEMA,  Glechoma hederacea —c.
Hederacea, Glechoma hederacea.
   dlAM/ECYPARISSUS, Artemisia santonica.
   CHAM/EDROPS, Teucrium chamaadrys.
   CHAM.EDUYI'TES.  A  wine, in which the
Ten'crium Chamadrys has been infused.
   CIIAMiEDRYS, Rubus  chamsemorus,  Teu-
crium Ch., Veronica — c. Incana maritima, Teu-
crium marum—c.  Marum, Teucrium raarum—c.
Minor repens, Teucrium Ch.—c. Palustris, Teu-
crium scordium—c. Scordium, Teucrium scordium
—c. Vu'craris. Teucrium Ch.
  CIIAM.EGEIRON, Tussilago.
  CHAM  E E .E A G N U S, Myrica gale.
  CHAM^LAI'TES.  A wins impregnated with
Chameha. Daphne Alplna.
  CHAM.ELEA,  Cneorum tricoccum. 
CHAM-ELEON  ALBUM       192         CIIA RLOTTE VILLE
  CHAMELEON  ALBUM, Carlina acaulis.
  CHAM.ELEECE, Tussilago.
  CllAM^EINUM. Linum cathnrticum.
  CIIAMiELIR'lUM  LU'TEUM. xapat, 'on the
ground,'  and Xttpov, 'a lily,' [?]  Vera'trum bl-
teurn, Hclo'iiias  hi tea seu Diolca, Devils Bit,
Blazing star, U'nicorn root; indigenous; Order,
Melanthaceaa; flowering in June; is acrid.  An
infusion of the root has been given as an anthel-
mintic ;  a tincture, as  a tonic.
  CHAMiEMELUM,  Anthemis nobilis —c. Foe-
tidum, Anthemis  cotula — c. Nobile, Anthemis
nobilis—c. Odoratum,  Anthemis  nobilis—c. Vul-
gare, Matricaria  chamomilla.
  CHAALEMORUS, Teucrium chamaepitys, Ru-
bus chamaemorus—c. Norwegica, Rubus chamaa-
morus.
  CHAM.EPEUCE, Camphorosma  Monspeliaca.
  CHAM.EPITUI'NUM  VINUM.   A  wine, in
which tbe leaves of the Chama'pitys, Teu'erium
Chama'pitys, have been infused.
  CHAALEPITYS, Teucrium  chamaepitys— c.
Anthyllus,  Teucrium  iva — c.  Moschata,  Teu-
crium iva.
  CHAM.EPLTON, Erysimum.
  CHAALERAPH'ANUM, from  xaual< 'on the
ground,' and puipavos,  'the radish.'  So Paulus
of iEgina calls the upper part of the  root of the
Apium.
  CHAM^E'ROPS  SERRAT'ULA,  Saw  Pal-
metto, from xal'al' 'm t'ie ground,' and puip, 'a
shrub.'   A farina is prepared from  the roots of
this  plant, which is used by the  Indians, in Flo-
rida, as diet.
  CHAMBAR, Magnesia.
  CHAMBER, Cam'era, (F.) Chambre.   A term
used in speaking of the eye, in which there are
two  chambers, Cam'era oc'uli:—an anterior and
a posterior; (F.) Chambre antirieure et postiri-
eure.  The anterior is the space  between tbe
cornea  and the  anterior part of the  iris: — the
posterior, the space between the iris and anterior
surface of the crystalline.  They are filled with
the  aqueous humour,  and communicate by the
opening in the pupil.
  CHAM'BERLAIN'S RESTOR'A TIVE
PILLS.   This  nostrum,  recommended in scro-
fula, and all impurities of the  blood, has been
analyzed  by Dr. Paris, and found  to consist of
cinnabar, sulphur, sulphate of lime, and a little
vegetable matter.   Each pill weighs 3 grains.
  CHAMBRE, Chamber.
  CITAMBRIE, Cannabis sativa.
  CHAMELEA, Daphne Alpina.
  CHAMOM 1LE, DOGS', Matricaria chamomilla
— c. Dyers',  Anthemis  tinctoria—c.  German,
Matricaria  chamomilla — c.  Spanish, Anthemis
pyrethrum — c.  Stinking,  Anthemis  cotula — c.
Wild, Anthemis cotula, Matricaria glabrata.
  CHAMOMILLA FCETIDA,  Anthemis cotula
— c. Nostras,  Matricaria chamomilla — e. Ro-
niana, Anthemis  nobilis — c. Spuria, Anthemis
cotula.
  CHAMPACA, Michelia champaca.
   CHAMPIGNON,  Fungus — c. de VAppareil
des Fractures, Clavaria—c. de Couche, see Agaric
— c. du Ferment, Torula cerevisia? — c.  de Malte,
Cynoinorion coccineum — c. du Muguet, Aphtha-
phyte.
  CHAMPOOTNG, Shampooing.
  CHANCEBONE, Ischion.
  CHANCELAGUA. Canchalagua.
  CHANCRE (F.), Shanker, Ulcus seu Ulcus'cn-
lum  cancro'sum.   A sore, which arises  from the
direct application  of the venereal virus; hence it
is almost always  seated, in  men,  on the  penis.
The  French use  the word Chancre,  in popular
language,  for cancerous ulcers, the  malignant
aphthae  of children,  Ac.  Formerly,  the  terms
Car'oli and Ca'ries pudendo'rum were  used for
venereal  pustules or sores on the parts  of gene-
ration.                ,
  CHANCRE LARVE.  A concealed  chancre,
such as has been  supposed by M. Ricord to  givo
occasion to gonorrhoea virulenta.
  CHAXCREUX,  Chancreuse (F.), Cnui-ro'sut,
Carcino'des.  Having  the nature of chancre, or
of cancer.
  Bouton  Chancreux.   A small tumour of a  can-
cerous nature,  which  makes  its appearance on
the face—-most frequently on the upper lip—Noli
me tangere [?].
  CHANDOO.   An aqueous  extract  of opium
used by the Chinese for smoking.
  CHANGE OF  LIFE, see Menses.
  CHANNELBONE, Clavicle.
  CHAXT DES ARTERES, Sifflement moduli.
  CHANVRE,  Cannabis  sativa — c.  Bdtard,
Galeopsis grandiflora—c. Indien, Bangue.
  CHAOMANTI'A.  The alchymists meant, by
this word, the art of predicting the future  from
observation of the air.  The  word Chaos  was
used by  Paracelsus for the air; (pavrtia, ' divi-
nation.')
  CHAOSDA, Plague.
  CHAPERON  DE  MOINE, Aconitum napel-
lus.
  CHAPETONNADE, Chappetonnade.
  CHAPITEAU, Alembic.
  CHAPPEVONADE, Chappetonade.
  CHAPPETOXADE, Chappedonnde,  Chape-
tonnade (F.), Vom'itus rabio'stts.  Vomiting, ac-
companied by furious  delirium, attacking stran-
gers in hot countries.
  CHAPS, Rhagades.
  CHAR'ACTER, xaPaKTr>h 'a mark or impres-
sion.'  (F.) Caractlre.  In  Pathology it is  used
synonymously with stamp  or  appearance.  We
say, "A disease is of an unfavourable character,"
" The prevailing epidemic has  a bilious charac-
ter," Ac.   In Mental Philosophy it  means — that
which distinguishes one individual from another,
as regards his understanding and passions.  See
Symbol.
  CHARA'DRIUS.  .Elian thus  calls  a  bird,
which was reputed  to  cure jaundice.   The word
now means the plover.
  CHARANTIA, Momordica elaterium.
   CHARBON, Anthrax  carbo, Carbo  ligni  — c.
Animal,  Carbo animalis — c. Miniral,  Graphites
— c. Piilmonaire, Anthracosis.
   CHARBONNEUX, Anthracoid.
  CHARCOAL,  Carbo — c. Animal, Carbo  ani-
malis.
   CHARDON AUX  ANES, Onopordium acan-
thium—c. Binit,  Centaurea benedicta—c. et Bon-
netier, Dipsacus fullonum — c. Etoili,  Centaurea
calcitrapa—c. d  Foulon,  Dipsacus  fullonum — c.
Hemorrhoidal, Cirsium arvense — c. Marie,  Car-
duus Marianus—c. Roland, Eryngium campestre.
   CHAR'LATAN,  from  Ital.  ciarlare, 'to  talk
much ;' Cireula'tor, Circumfiora'neiis, Periodeu'tcs,
 Pseudomed'icus,  Agyr'ta, Anacyc'leon,  a Quack,
 Quacksalber,  Empirical  Pretender,  Emp'irie.
Originally, one who went from place to place to
sell a medicine, to which he attributed marvellous
properties.  By extension — any individual, who
endeavours to deceive the public by passing  him-
self off  as  more skilful than he really  is.  Ac-
cording  to  Menage, the word comes from cireu-
latanus,  a corruption  of circulator:
   CHAR'LATANRY,  Agyr'tia, Banau'sia, tbe
conduct  or action of a charlatan.  (F.) Charln-
tanerie, Charlatauisme, Quackery, Empiricism.
   CHARLOCK, Sinapis arvensis.
   CHARLOTTEVILLE  SULPHUR  SPRING,
see Canada, Mineral AVaters of. 
CHARM
193
CHAULE
  CHARM,  L.a.t,  Carmen,  'a  verse,' because]
charms often consisted of verses, whence  comes |
the Italian,  Ciarma, (F.) Charme, with the same !
lignification; Cantn'tio, Incantamen'tnm. A trick,
o, spell, an  enchantment.  A  sort  of  magic,  or
superstitious practice, consisting of words, charac-
ters, Ac, by which, it was believed, individuals
might  be  struck  with  sickness  or  death,  or  be
reston-d to health.
  The  following are specimens of old charms—
verse charms:

         For stanching Blood, (Pepys.)
         Sanguis mane in te
         Sicut Christus fuit in se;
         Sanguis mane in tua vena.
         Sicut Christus in sua poena;
         Sanguis inane fixus,
         Sicut Christus quando fuit crucifixus.

             For Cramp, (Pepys.)
            Cramp be thou taintless,
            As our iady was sinless,
            When she bare Jesus.

     For the Foot icheri asleep, (Coleridge.)
    Font! footl foot! is fast asleep 1
    Thumb!  thumb! thumb! in spittle we steep ;
    Crosses three we make to ease us,
    Two lor the thieves, and one for Christ Jesus.
   The same charm served for cramp in the leg,
 with this substitution :
      The devil is tying a knot in my let;!
      Shirk,  Luke, and John, unloose it, I begl—
      Crosses three, &c.

             For a Burn, (Pepys.)
   There came three angels out of the Kast;
   The one brought fire, the other brought frost.
   Out fire; in frost.
   In the name of the Father and Son and Holy Ghost.
                                       Amen.
   CTTARXIERE, Ginglymus.
   C1IARXU, Carneous.
   CHAR/'EXTE OSSEUSE, Skeleton.
   CHAR PIE, Linteum — c. Brute, see Linteum
 —c. Rapie, see Linteum.
   CHAlt I'A  ANTIARTIIRITICA, Gout paper
 —c. Antirheumatica, Gout paper—c. Vesicatoria,
 Bee Sparadrapuin  Vesicatorium — c. Yirginea,
 Amnios.
   CHART RE, Tabes mesenterica.
   CHAS (F.), Ac lis fora'men.   The eye of a nee-
 dle.   Sometimes, this opening is near the  point
 of the instrument, as in the ligature needle.
   CIIASCUISCII, see Bangue.
   CllASME, Yawning.
   CHASPE, Variola.
    CHASSE (F.), Manilbrinm. A kind of handle
 composed of two movable laminae of  horn, shell,
 or  ivory, united  only at  the  extremity,  which
 holds the  blade of the  instrument, — as in the
 common bleeding lancet.  Also, a liqueur or alco-
 holic  liquor, taken after a meal;  hence  chasse-
 cafi, chusse-tout, Ac, from (F.) chasser, 'to drive,'
 because presumed to aid digestion.
    CHASS/E (F.), Lema, Lippa, Glama, Gleme,
 Gra'mia, Lemos'itas, Sebum pnlpebra'le ; the gum
 of the eye, (Prov.) Gound or Gownde, from  chas-
 ter, 'to drive out.'  A  sebaceous humour,  se-
 creted mainly  by the  follicles  of  Meibomius,
 which sometimes glues the eyelids  together.
    CIIASS1EUX (F.),  Lippus;   covered  with
 Chassie—as Paupieres chassicuses.
   CHASTE TREE, Yitex.
   CHATAIGXE, see Fagus castanea—c. d'Eau,
 Trapa natans.
   CUATATGXTER  COMMUX, Fagus castanea
 —c. Nain,  Fagus castanea pumila.              |
       13
  CHATEAU-LANDON,  WATERS  OF.   A
town  three  leagues from Nemours, in l>ance.
The waters contain alum and iron.
  CHATEAU-SALINS, WATERS OF;  a town
in the department of La-Meurthe, France.  The
waters contain carbonate of lime, sulphates of
lime and magnesia, and chlorides  of magnesium
and sodium.
  CHATELDON, MINERAL  WATERS  OF.
Chateldon is in the department of Puy-de-D6me,
France.  The waters contain  carbonic acid and
iron.
  CHATEL-GUYON,  MINERAL  WATERS
OF.   A village in  France,  in  the department
Puy-de-D6me,  near which there are five thermal
acidulous springs. Temperature, 86° Fahrenheit.
  CHATON (F.),  'a  husk.'  In pathology,  it
means a funda or cavity formed by the irregular
or hour-glass contraction of the uterus, in which
the placenta is often retained or enehatonni after
the birth of the child.   It is detected  by passing
the fingers along  the cord as far as the part which
is contracted, when the placenta will not be dis-
coverable.
  The treatment consists in relaxing by a large
dose of an opiate, then  passing the fingers along
the  cord,  and gradually dilating the opening
through which it passes, until it permits the hand
to  go through.   The  placenta  must then be
grasped and gently withdrawn.
  ClIA TON, Vaginal  process.
  CHATOXXE, Tncarccra'tus, from chaton. An
epithet in French for anything shut up in a sac,
or imprisoned in  any manner—as
  CHATOXXE, CALCUL  (P.), Calculus incar-
cera'tns, Encys'ted  Calculus, Calcul enkysti.  A
urinary calculus, adherent  to the  inner surface
of the bladder, so that it is immovable, and can-
not  pass  to the different parts of that organ.
This happens when calculi form in some natural
or accidental cavity of the bladder; or when the
organ, by  ulceration, gives  rise to fungi, which
surround  the calculus; or when it is lodged  in
the orifice  of the ureter or urethra.
  CHATOXXE, PLACE XT A (F.).  The pla-
centa when retained  as  above described.  See
Chaton.
  CHATONNEMENT (F.), Enchatonnement,
Incarcera'tio, Chatonnement du qt'acentn, Enkys-
tement. — Hour-glass  contraction  of the  uterus.
See Chaton.
  CHATOUILLEMEXT (F.).  This word some-
times means the action of tickling or titillation
(Titilla'tio,) and, at others, the sensation which
gives rise to the action (Pruritus,) Itching.
  CHAT RE, Castratus.
  CHATRURE, Castration.
  CHA UDEA U, Caudle.
  CHAUDEBOURG, .MINERAL "WATERS OF.
C. is three quarters of a league from  Thionville,
in  France.  The waters  contain  iron, sulphate
of lime, sulphate of magnesia, and carbonate  of
lime.
  CHA UDEPTSSE, Gonorrhoea impura—c. Cor-
die,  Gonorrhoea cordata — c. Tombie dans  les
Bourses, Hernia humoralis.
  CIIAUDES-AIGUKS,  MINERAL  WATERS
OF.  A small town in the department of  Cantal,
France, where there is a number of saline  springs
containing carbonic acid, carbonate of soda, and
chloride of sodium.  Temp. 190° Fahrenheit.
   CHA UD1ERE, see Alembic.
   CHAUFFOIR (F.), Linteum Calefacto'rium.
 According to the Acadimie, a warmed cloth, used
either for  the  purpose of warming a  patient, or
 to apply to a female recently delivered.
   C1IAULE, Maxillary bone. 
CHAULMOOGRA           194           CHELONOrilAGI
  CHAULMOOGRA.  The  fruit of the Clnul-
inoogra,  Gynocar'dia odora'ta.   Order,  Oappa-
ride'se, of India.  A bland fixed oil is obtained by
expressing the dried seed, which is used by the
natives  in leprosy.  The seed are given inter-
nally, in the dose of about  .^ss  in  the day, and
the eruption is rubbed with  the oil.
  CHAUSSE (F.), Chausse d'Hippocrate, Mnnehe
d Hippocmte, Mailica  Hippoc'ratis, Mail tea,
Hippocrates'  Sleeve.  A conical bag, made of
flannel, for straining liquids.
  CHAUSSE-TRAPPE, Centaurea calcitrapa.
  CHAUVETE, Calvities.
  CHAUX, Calx—c. Bichlorure de, Calcis chlo-
ridum—c. Chlorure de, Calcis  chloridum—c. Hy-
drochlorate de,  Calcis  murias — c.  Hydrositlfate
de, Calcis sulphuretum — c. Muriate de, Calcis
murias—c. Muriate oxigini de, Calcis chloridum
— c. Muriate  suroxigini de, Calcis  chloridum —
c. Oxichlorure de, Calcis chloridum — c. Oxirnu-
riate de, Calcis  chloridum — c. Phosphate de, see
Cornu cervi—c.  Vice, Calx viva.
  CHAVEL,  Maxillary bone.
  CHAVICA BETLE, Betel—c.  Roxburghii,
Piper longum.
  CHAWBONE, Maxillary bone.
   CHAWD PYS, Gonorrhoea impura.
   CHAWING,  Mastication.
   CHECKER-BERRY, Ar utus uva ursi.
   CHEEK, Gena—c. Teeth, Molar teeth.
   CHEESE, Sax. cere, (L.) Ca'seus, Tyros, Pecte,
 (Sc.) Furmage,  (F.) Fromage.  An  aliment, pre-
 pared from the  caseous  and oleaginous  parts of
 milk.   Fresh cheeses  owe their chief  medical
 properties to  the immediate principle, essentially
 cheesy, to which the name ca'seum or ca'sein has
 been applied.  Those,  which  have  been  recently
 salted, are digested with  comparative  facility.
 The flavour of cheese is owing to an ammoniacal
 caseate.  On the whole, cheese  itself is  not easy
 of digestion, although  it may stimulate the sto-
 mach  to greater  exertion,  and thus aid in the
 digestion of other substances.
   CHEESE RENNET, Galium verum.
   CHEE'SY, Cascilrius, Caseo'sus, Tyro'des, (F.)
  Casenx ou Casieux. Having the nature of cheese.
   CHEF. Bandage (tail).
   CHEGOE, Ciiique.
   CHEGRE, Ciiique.
   CHEILI'TIS,  Chilltis,  from x«Aof,  'a lip.'
  Inflammation of the lip. See Chilon.
   CHEILOC'ACE, from xCiUs> '» lip,'and Ka*oS,
  'evil.' Labrisulcium.   A  disease,  characterized,
  it is said, by swelling, induration, and slight red-
  ness of the lips without inflammation ; reputed,
  but  without any  authority,  to be  common  in
  England and Scotland, amongst children.  Also,
  the thickness of the upper lip of scrofulous chil-
  dren.   See Stomacace, and Cancer aquaticus.
    CHEILOCARCINO'MA, from ^£iAof, 'a lip,'
  and Kaptcivorpa,  'a cancer.'   Cancer of the lip.
    CnEILOMALACIA, Cancer aquaticus, Sto-
  macace.
    CHEILON,  Chilon.
    CHEILON'CUS, Cheilophy'ma, from  ^aAoj,
  'lip,' and oyKos, ' swelling.' A swelling of tbe lip.
    CIIEILOPHYMA,  Cheiloncus.
    CHEILOPLAS'TICE,   Chiloplns'tiee, Chei'lo-
  plasty,  from ^eiAo?, 'lip,'  and -nXaariKos, 'form-
  ing.'  The operation for an artificial lip.
    CHEILOS,  Lip.
    CHEIMA, Cold.
    CHEIMETLON. Chilblain.
    CHEIMIA,  Rigor.
    CHEIR, Manus, see Chir.
    ClIEIRAN'THUS  CHEIRI, from x"?< 'the
  hand,' and avQos, ' flower,' a flower  fur the hand.
The systematic name of the Common Yellow Wall
Flower,  Viola lu'tea, Lcucoiuin lu'trnm, A'ei/ri,
Cheiri, (F.) Giroflie,  Girofli.e  ou Violier jnnue.
Ord. Cruciferas.  The  flowers have been esteemed
nervine,  narcotic, and deobstruent.
  CHEIRAP'SIA.    The action of rubbing or
scratching, from  x''f' <tne band,' and arrrur, 'I
touch.'   A troublesome symptom in the itch.
  CHEIRARTHROC'ACE.fromYnp, 'thehand,'
apdpov, 'a joint,' and  kokiu, a ' disease.'  Inflam-
mation of the  articular surfaces of the  wrist.
  CHEIRIATER,  Surgeon.
  CHEIRIS'MA, Cheiris'mtts.  The net of touch-
ing :—handling.  Any manual operation.
  CHEIRIXIS, Surgery.
  CHEIRONO.M'IA,  Chironom'ia,  from yt,po-
voptio. 'I exercise with the hands.' An exercise,
referred  to  by Hippocrates, which  consisted in
using the hands,  as in our exercise of  the dumb-
bells.
  CHEIROPLETHES, Fasciculus.
  CHEIROSIS, Subactio.
  CHELA, Chele.  This word  has several signi-
fications.  Chela, a forked probe used for extract-
ing  polypi  from  the nose.   Chela — chaps, or
cracks  on  the  feet, organs of  generation, Ae.
 Chela likewise means claws, especially those of
the crab.  See Cancrorum Chelae.
   Chelae Palpebrarum, see Tarsus.
   CHELAPA, Convolvulus jalapa.
   CHELE, Chela.
   CHELTDOINE GRANDE, Chelidonium ma-
jus—c. Petite, Ranunculus ficaria.
   CIIELIDON, xtA«W, the hollow at the bend
of the arm; Hirundo.
   CHELIDONIA  ROTUNDIFOLIA  MINOR,
 Ranunculus ficaria.
   CHELIDONTUAI, Bryonia alba—c.Biphyllum,
 Stylophorum  diphyllum—c.  Haematodes, Ch,
 majus.
   Chblido'n'ium  Majus,  Ch.  hamato'des, from
 \tXt&urv, ' a swallow,' because its flowering coin-
 cides with the appearance of the swallow.  Pa-
 pa'rer  Cornicula'tum seu hi team, Common CeV-
 andirre,   Tetterwort,  (F.)  Chilidoine  grande,
 L'Eclaire,  Hcrbe  &  Ihirondelle.  Ord. Papave-
 raceae.  Sex.  Syst. Polyandria Monogynia.  The
 root and recent plant have been considered ape-
 rient  and diuretic.   Externally, the  juice has
 been employed-in  some  cutaneous diseases.
   Chelidonium Minus,  Ranunculus ficaria.
   CHELIDO'NIUS LAPIS.  A name given to
 stones,  which, it was pretended, existed in  the
 stomach of young swallows. They were formerly
 believed capable of  curing epilepsy.
   CHELOID, Cancroid.
   CHELOIS, see  Cancroid.
    CHELO'NE, xeAwi^,  ' a tortoise.'  An instru-
 ment for extending  a limb ; so called, because in
 its slow motions it resembled a tortoise.—Oriba-
 sius.   See Testudo.
    Chelo'xf,  Glabra, Common Snake herul, Tur-
 tle head, Turtle  bloom, Shell flower; Balmony.  An
 indigenous plant, Sex. Syst.  Didynamia Angio-
  spermia; blossoming from July to  November.
  The leaves are bitter and tonic ; without any aro-
  matic smell,  and with very little astringenc-y.
    CHELO'NIA MY DAS, The Green Turtle.
  This species of turtle  abounds on the coast of
  Florida.  It is the one  so prized by the epicure.
    CHELO'NION, Chelo'ninrn,  from  xi>mTI' '*
  tortoise,' from  its resembling  in shape tbe shell
  of that animal.   The upper, gibbous part of the
  back.—Gorrasus.   Tbe scapula.
    CHEEONOPH'AGI,  from XtXutvr,, ' the tor-
  toise, and tpayor,  ' I cat.'  An ancient name for
  certain tribes, who  dwelt on the coast of the Red 
CHELSEA  PENSIONER       1
Sea,  and who lived only on tortoises. — Pliny,
Diodorus of Sicily.
  CUE I/SEA PEN'SIONER.  An empirical re-
medy for rheumatism and gout, sold under  this
name.   (Gum gitaiac, £j ,' powdered rhubarb, ^ij ;
cream of tartar, £] ; Jtowers ofi sulphur, t5,j :  one
nutmeg,  finely powdered;  made  into an electuary
with  a  pound  of clarified  honey).   Dose,  two
Spoonfuls.
  CHEL'TENHAM, AIINERAL WATERS  OF.
C. is  a  town  in  Gloucestershire, England, nine
miles from Gloucester, and  94 W. of  London.
Its water is one of tbe most celebrated natural
purgatives  in England.   It is a saline, acidulous
chalybeate, and is  much  frequented.   Its main
constituents are chloride of sodium, sulphate of
soda, sulphate of  magnesia, carbonic  acid  and
carbonate of iron.
   Cheltenham  Salts.   These are  sometimes
made from the  waters;  at  others, factitiously.
The following is a formula :  Smlii  chlorid., mng-
nes.  sulphut.,  soda sulph.,  aa Ibj :  dissolve, filter,
evaporate to dryness; then add Ferri sulph.,  ^ss.
   Cheltenham  Water,  Artificial,  may  be
made of Epsom  salts, gr.  xij ;  iron filings, gr. j ;
 Glauber's salt,  3'v>  water, ■!  gallons; impreg-
nated with the gas from marble powder and ««^-
 phuric  acid, ail 5jij.
   CIIKEYS,  Thorax.
   CIIELYS'CION, from  ^eAtis, 'the  chest'  A
Bhort, dry cough.—Galen, Hippocrates, Foesius.
   CUE ME, Chatna, Che'ramis.  An ancient mea-
sure equivalent to  about two teaspoonfuls.
   CHEMEUTICE, Chymistry.
   CIIEMIA,  Chymistry.
   CHE.MIATER,  Chymiater.
   CIIEMIATRIA, Chymiatria.
   CIIEMICO-IIISTOLOGY, see  Chymico-his-
 tolo.ry.
   CHEMICUS, Chymical, Chymist.
   CHEMISMUS,  Cbymism.
   CHEMIST, Chymist.
   CHEMISTRY, Chymistry.
   CHE.MO'SIS,  Chymo'sis, from XnVLr>> <an aper-
ture,'or rather, perhaps from xvl10S' >i,n humour.'
 A name given to ophthalmia, when the conjunc-
tiva, surrounding  the cornea, forms a high ring,
 making the cornea seem, as it were,  at the bot-
tom of a well.  By some, it is used  synonymously
with ophthalmia membranarum.   See  Ophthal-
 mia.
   CIIEMOTICE, Chymistry.   '
   CUEMOTICUS, Chvmical.
   CHE.VAY, AIINERAL WATERS  OF.  Che-
nay is a town in France, two leagues from Rheims.
 The waters are chalybeate.
   CIIEXE, Quercus alba—c. Marin, Fucus vesi-
culosus—c. Petit, Teucrium chamoedrys—c. Vert,
Ilex aqiiifofium.
   CHEXETTE, Teucrium chamasdrys.
   CHEXEVIS, see Cannabis sativa.
   C1IEN0EOSCON, Potentilla anserina
   CilEXOC'OPRUS, from  ynv, 'a goose,'  and
Kottoos, ' dung.'   The  dung ofi the goose is so de-
signated in some  old Pharmacopoeias.  It  was
formerly employed as a febrifuge and diuretic.
   CHEXOPODE, Chenopodium.
   CHENOPODIUM AAIBROSIACUM, Ch.  am-
brosioides.
   Ciii.nopo'dium AMr.ROSlo'i'np.s, Ch.suffructico'-
sitm  seu arnbrosiacum seu  Mexica'num, from  xnv,
' a gnose,'  and irovs, -rooos,  'a foot;'  At'riplex
Mcxiea'na, Ambrlna  ambrosio'i'des,  Botrys, li.
M'.ricit'nit  seu  America'na.  Ambr-osio'ides Mexi-
ca'na, Artemis'ia Botrys, Mexico or Spanish Tea,
(F.)  Ansirine, Thidu Mexique, Ambrosie OU Am-
broisie du Mexique.   Ord. Chenopodinc.w.   The
infusion was  once  drunk as tea.   It  has  been
95         CHEST-MEASURER
 given in paralytic cases; and in the United States
 is said to be used as an anthelmintic indiscrimi-
 nately with Ch. anthelminticum.
   CHENOPO'DIUM  AnTHELMIN'TICUM,   Chenopo'-
 dium, Botrys seu Ambrlna anthtliuiu'tica, Worm-
 seed,  Wormgoosefioot,  Wormseed goosef'oot, Jeru-
 salem Oak of America, Goosef'oot, Stinkweed,  (F.)
 Ansiriue  anthelmintique,  A.  vermifuge.   This
 plant  grows  plentifully  in  the United  States.
 The fruit—Chenopodium, (Ph. U. S.) — is much
 used  in cases of worms.   Dose of the powder,
 from a teaspoonful  to a tablespoonful or more.
 The oil, O'leum Chenopo'dii,  (Ph. U.  S.), from
 8 to 10 drops, is more frequently exhibited.  Ic
 is as much used in America as the Semen San-
 ton'ici is in England.
   Chenopo'dium Bonus Henri'cus, Chrysolach'-
 anum, Mercuria'lis, Bonus Henricus, Tota bona,
 Lap'athum unctuo'sum,  Chenopro'dium,  Ch. sagit-
 ta'tum, Pes anserlntts, English Mercury, Allgood,
 Angular-leaved goosefoot, Mercury goosefioot, Good
 King Henry, (F.) Ansirine Bon Henri, Epinard
 sauvage.  The leaves  are  emollient, and  have
 been applied to ulcers, Ac.  It has also  been con-
 sidered refrigerant and eccoprotic.
   Chenopo'dium  Botrys, Ambrlna Botrys, Bo-
 trys, B. vulga'ris, Ambro'sia,  Artemis'ia Cheno-
 po'dium,  At'riplex odora'ta  seu  sitav'eolens ;
 Jerusalem Oak, (Eng.), (F.) Ansirine Botrys, pos-
 sesses anthelmintic properties, and was  once
 given in diseases  of the chest, palsy, Ac.  It is
 useless.
   Chenopo'dium  Fcetidum, Chenopodium vulva-
 ria—c. Olidum, Ch.  vulvaria.
   Chenopo'dium Quinoa, Quinua.   A nutritious,
 wholesome, and agreeable article of food with the
 Peruvians.  The  leaves, before the plant attains
 maturity, arc eaten as spinach: but the seeds are
 most generally used as food, boiled in milk or
 broth, and  sometimes cooked with  cheese and
 Spanish pepper.
   Chenopodium Sagittatum, Ch.  Bonus Henri-
 cus—c. Suffructicosum, Ch. ambrosioides.
   Chenopodium Vulva'ria  seu foe'tidum   seu
 olidum, At'rip/ex fiae'tida seu ol'itla, Vulva'ria,
 Garos'mum, Raphex, Stinking Orache  or Goose-
 fioot, (F.) Vubaire, Arroche puunt, Ansirine fii-
 tide.   The fetid  smell  has  occasioned it to be
 used as an antispasmodic and  nervine.
   CHEOPINA, Cheopine.
   CIIEQUERBERRY, Gaultheria.
   CHERAAIIS, Cheme.
   CHERBACHEAI, Veratrum album.
   CHERBAS, Lettuce.
   CHER.MES, Kermes — c. Mineral, Antimonii
 sulphuretum prajcipitatum, and A. sulphuretum
 rubrum.
   CHERNIBIUM, Urinal.
   CHERRY,  BIRD, Prunus  padus —c. Choke,
 Prunus A'irginiana—c. Ground, Physalis viscosa.
   Cherry Tree, Red, Prunus cerasus—c. Tree,
 black, Prunus avium—c. Tree, wild, Prunus Vir-
 giniana—c. Water,  Kirschwasser.
   Cherry, Wild  Cluster,  Prunus padus — c.
 Winter, Physalis.
   CHERS.E,  Fteces.
   CHER VI, Sium sisarum.
I   CHERVIL, Scandix cerefolium—c. Wild, Chae-
 rophyllum sylvestre.
   CIIESIS, from xcittv> **° S° to stool.'  A more
 frequent desire to evacuate the bowels.
   CHEST, Thorax — c. Explorator,  see Explo-
 rator, chest.
   CHEST-AIEASURER,  SIP-SON'S.   An  in-
 strument, described  by Dr. Sibson, which is used
 for  determining the mobility of the  chest.  It is a
 species of spring, which, when applied to  the
 parietes of the chest, measures the modifications
 of its diameters, and indicates, by the motion of 
CHEST,  NARROW.           1
96          CIIINCIIUNCHULLI
the index hand on  a dial, any movement of re-
spiration, to the hundredth of an inch.
  CHEST,  NARROW, see Lordosis.
  CHESTNUT TREE, Fagus castanea.
  OHEVAUCHEMEXT (F.), Os'sium  superpo-
sil'io seu  eqnita'tio, Parallax'is, Parallag'ma.
From chevaucher, (cheval, 'a horse'), 'to ride on
horseback.'  The riding of one bone over another
after fracture, giving rise to  shortening  of the
limb.   See  Riding  of Bones.
  CHE YE LURE,  Scalp.
  CHEVESTRE,  Che vet re,  Capis'trum, (from
caput, ' the head.')   A bandage, applied  round
the head in cases  of fracture or luxation  of the
lower j aw.  According to the mode in which it is
made, it is called simple, double, oblique, Ac.
  CHE YEU, Capillus.
  CIIEVILLE DU PIED, Malleolus.
  CHEVREFEUILLE,  Lonicera   periclyme-
num.
  CHEVROTAINPORTE-MUSC, see Musk.
  CHE VROTAXTE ( VOIX), Egophony.
  CHEWING. Mastication.
  CIIEYLETUS SCABIEI, see Psora.
  CIIEZANAN'CE, from x[^> ' I go to stool.'
and avnysri, 'necessity.'  An  ointment composed
of honey and alum, and rubbed on  the anus  to
occasion evacuations.—Paulus of iEgina.
  CIIIA, Chin terra, from Chios, an island where
it was found.  A kind  of white earth,  formerly
used for burns.—Galen.
  CHI'ACUM COLLYR'IUM. A collyrium  con-
sisting of several drugs and Chian wine.—Paulus
of iEgina.
  CHIADUS. Furunculus.
  CHIAS'MUS, Chins'ma, Chiasm,  from  X'"&'
to form like the letter x-  Tbe crucial union of
parts,—as the optic commissure or  chiasm,  of the
optic nerve,—Chias'mus seu Chias'ma nervo'rum
optica'rum.
  CHIASTER, Kiaster.
  CHIAS'TOS.  Same etymon.  A  bandage, so
called because  it resembles the letter x-—Ori-
basius.
  CHTBOU, see Bursera gummifera.
  CHICIIA.  A drink made in Peru with Indian
meal dried  in the sun, and fermented with water.
Its  taste is that of bad cider.  It is also made
from rice, peas, barley, Ac.
  CHICK'S SPRINGS, see South Carolina,
mineral waters of.
  CHICKEN-BREASTED, see Lordosis.
  CHICKEN-BROTH.   When  chicken-tea  is
boiled down one-half, with the addition of a little
parsley or  celery, and the yolk  of an egg previ-
ously beaten up in two ounces of soft water, it
forms a soup much relished by the convalescent.
  CHICKEN-PEPPER, Ranunculus abortivus.
  CHICKENPOX, A'aricella.
  CHICKEN-TEA, Chicken-water.  This maybe
prepared as follows :  Take a small chicken, freed
from the skin and fat between the muscles; and
having  divided it longitudinally,  remove  the
lungs,  liver, and  every thing  adhering  to  the
back and side-bones:  cut the  whole — bones and
muscles — into very thin slices ; put into a pan
with a sufficient quantity of boiling water; cover
the pan; and simmer with  a slow  fire for two
hours.  Put the pan upon the stove for half an
hour, and strain through a sieve.
  Used where the lightest animal diet is indicated.
  CHICKEN-WATER, Chicken-tea.
  CHICKENWORT, Alsine media.
  CHICKWEED,  Alsine media—c. Water, Cal-
litriche verna.
  CHICOREE DES JARDTNS,  Cichorium en-
divia—=-c. Sauvage,  Cichorium intybus.
  CHICORY, Cichorium intybus.
  CHICOT, Stump (of a tooth).
  CHICOTIX (F.).  The bitter powder or juice
of the colocynth, with which the nurse, at times,
rubs  her nipple when desirous of weaning an
infant.
  CHIEXDEXT,  Triticum repens —c.  Rouge,
Sarsaparilla Germanica.
  CHIGGO, Chique.
  CHIGGRE, Chique.
  CHIGOE, Chique.
  CHILBLADDER, Chilblain.
  CHIL'BLAIN, (Prov) Chilbladder, Per'nio,
Bugarltia,  Erythe'ma  Per'nio  seu ti  Frlgore,
Cheimellon, Chimet'lum,  Chimorr,  Malce, from
chill,  'cold,' and bluin,  'a pustule.'  (F.) Enge-
lur-e.  An erythematous inflammation of the feet,
hands, Ac, occasioned  by cold.   It is  very com-
mon in youth—not so in the adult or in advanced
age.  It is apt to degenerate  into  painful, indo-
lent ulcerations, called Kibes,  (Sc.)  Mules. Chil-
blains are prevented  by accustoming the parts to
exposure;  and are  treated by stimulant, terebin-
thinate, and balsamic washes,  ointments, and
liniments.
  CHILD,  Infans.
  CHILD-BEARING,  Parturition.
  CHILD-BED, Parturient, Parturition.
  CHILD-BED  FEVER, Puerperal fever.
  CHILD-BIRTH, Parturition.
  CHILD-CROWING, Asthma thymicum.
  CHILDHOOD. Infancy.
  CHILD-ILL, Parturition.
  CHILD-MURDER, Infanticide.
  CHILDREN'S BANE, Qicuta maculata.
  CHILI,  CLIMATE OF, see Lima.
  Chili, Mineral Waters op.   The most cele-
brated mineral springs of Chili, in South Ame-
rica, are those of Peldehues and Cauquenes. The
former are  not far from St. Jago.  They consist
of two springs, one thermal, the other cold. The
hot spring  is clear, inodorous, and  contains soda
and carbonic acid.  The cold spring  contains iron
and sulphate  of soda.  Cauquenes is much re-
sorted to by invalids  during the summer.  Jline-
ral waters  are very common in  Chili.  Those of
Apoquindo,  Colina,  and Cauquenes, have been
analyzed by Prof. J. Lawrence Smith, M. D.
  CHILIOGRAMAIA, Kilogramme.
  CHILTOPHYLLON, Achillea millefolium.
  CHILITES, Cheilitis.
  CHILL,  Rigor.
  CHILLI, Capsicum.
  CHI'LON, Chellou, Cheilitis, from  xc'^' 'a
lip.'  Inflammation  of the lips.—Vogel.  One
who has a thick lip ;  Labeo, Labes.
  CHILOPLASTICE, Cheiloplastice.
  CH1MAPHILA, Pyrola umbellata—c. Umbel-
lata, Pyrola umbellata.
  CHIMETLUM, Chilblain.
  CHIMIA. Chymistry.
  CIIIMIATER, Chymiater.
  CIII.MIATRIA,  Chyraiatria.
  CHIMIE, Chymistry.
  CHIMISME,  Chymism.
  CHIMISTE, Chymist.
  CHIAION, Chilblain, Cold.
  CHINA, Cinchona, Smilax china — c. Ameri-
can   or West  India, Smilax pseudo-china — <■•
Calisaya, Cinchonae  cordifoliae  cortex — c. Occi-
dentalis, Smilax  pseudo-china — c.  Orientalis,
Smilax china — c. Ponderosa, Smilax  china — c.
Regia, Cinchonae  cordifoliae  cortex — c. Root,
Smilax china—c. Spuria nodosa, Smilax pseudo-
china—c. Vera, Smilax china.
  CHINCAPIN, Fagus  castanea pumila —o.
Water, Nelumbium  luteum.
  CIIINCHE, Cimex.
  CHINCIIINA, Cinchona.
  CHINCHUNCTIULLI, Ionidium marcucd 
CHINCOUGII
197
CHLIAROS
  CniNroUGII. Pertussis.                     i|
  CHINESE, MED'ICINE OF THE, Medicina \
Sin'ica.  Medicine has been  long, but most im- j
perfectly, practised by the Chinese.   From  their
therapeutics we have obtained the old operations
of acupuncture and moxibustion.
  CHUNG'S  WOR.M  LOZENGES, see Worm
Lo/.cnges, Ohing's.
  CIliNIDIN,  Quinidia.
  CHIXINU.M, Quinine.  See Chinium.
  CHINIO'IDINE, Chino'idine, Chinoidlna,
Chiuoiilin, Quiuoid'ine,  Quiuoid'in,  Qulnodin;
from China, 'Cinchona.'  A substance  presumed
to be an alkaloid by Sertiirner, who separated it
from cinchona.  It has been supposed to  be a
mixture of quinia, cinchonia, and a peculiar re-
sinous matter, but according to Liebig it is simply
the alkaloid quinia in an amorphous state—amor-
phous  quinia.
   CHINIUM ACETICUM,  Quinise acetas —c.
Arsenicosuiu, Quiniae arsenias—c. Citricum, Qui-
niie citras—c. Ferrocyanogenatum, Quiniae  Fer-
rocyanas — c. llydrochloricuin,  Quinia;  murias
 — c. Hvdroiodicuin, Quinia}  hydriodas — c. Lac-
 ticum, Quiniae   lactas — c. Muriaticum,  Quinias
 murias— c. Nitiicum,  Quiniae nitras — c. Phos-
 phoricuin, Quiniae phosphas—c.  Salitum, Quiniae
 murias — c.  Sulphuricum,  Quiniae  sulphas — c.
 Tannicum, Quinia? et Cinchoniae tannas—c. Va-
 lerianieum. Quinine valerianas.
   CIIIXNEYWEED, Lichen roccella.
   CHIXOEEINUM, Leukoleinuin.
   CHINQUAPIN, Fagus  castanea pumila.
   CH1NWHELK, Sycosis.
   CHIOCOCC/E RADIX, Caincae radix.
   CHIOLI, Furunculus.
   (TilON, Snow.
   ClIIONAN'THUS VIRGIN'ICA, Fringe Tree,
 Snowdrop Tree; indigenous; Xat. Ord. Oleace*;
 from  xtwv' 'snow,' and avSios,  'a flower.'  An
 infusion of the  root  has been used as an antipe-
 riodic and tonic.
   CHIQUE (F.), Puce pinitrante, Pulex  Pen-
 etrans, Dermatoph'ibis, Sarcopsylla pen'etrans,
  Tick,  Chiggre,  Chig'oe,  Chiggo,  Chegre, Cheg'oe.
 Ji'/i/er.  A small insect in America and the An-
 tilles, which gets under the epidermis, and excites
 great  irritation.
   CHIR. .Manus, see Cheir.
   CIIIRAETA. Gentiana. chirayta.
   CHl'RAGRA, from  xu?' 'band,' and aypa, 'a
 seizure.'   Gout in the hand.
   CHIKAPOTHECA. Arsenal.
   CHIRAPSIA. Friction.
   CHIRARTHRI'TIS, from Xe'P, 'hand,' apOpov,
 'joint,' and itis, denoting inflammation. Inflam-
 mation of tbe joints of the hand.
   CHIRAYITA. Gentiana chirayta,
   CHfRAYTA, Gentiana chirayta.
   t'HIRETTA. Gentiana chirayta.
   CHIRIIEUAIA. Chirrheuma.
   CUIUIATER. Surgeon.
   CHIRIATRIA, Surgery.
   CHIRIMOYA, Anona tripetala,
   CHIR ISIS.  Surgery.
   CHIRISMUS. Surgery.
   CHIRIXTS, Surgery.
   CHIROCYRTO'SIS, from  xc'P> 'the hand,'and
 ttvprwirts, 'crookedness.' Crookedness of the hand.
   ClIl'ROMANCY,  Chiromantla,  Vaticiiliitm
 chiroman'ticum, Pa/m'istry. from X"P> 'the  hand,'
 and pavrtto, 'divination.'  (F.) Chiromancie.  Art
 of divining by inspection of the hand.
   CHIRON AX, Surgeon.
   CHIRO'NIA. (from  Chiron,  \ttpov,  the Cen-
 taur, who is said to have discovered its use.)  A
 genus of plants.  Ord. Gentianaceae.  Also, Ta-
 mus communis.
   Chiro'nia Angula'ris, Amer'ican  Cen'taury,
Rosepink, Wild Suc'cory,  Bitterbloom,  Centry,
Sabba'tia,  S. Angula'ris.  Every part  of  this
plant is a pure and strong bitter, which property
is communicated alike to alcohol  and water.  It
is used as a tonic and stomachic.
  Chiro'nia  Centauri'um, Centaurium  minus
seu vulga're  seu parvum, Gentia'na  centauri'um
seu  Gerar'di,  Erythra'a  Centauri'um,  Hippo-
centaure'a centauri'um,  Centaure'um,  Centau'ris,
Smaller or Lesser Cenlaury, Europe'an Centaury,
(F.) Centaurie petite, Herbe au centattre ou d la
fievre.  The  tops of the lesser  Centaury, Centau'-
rii Caeu'mina, are  aromatic and tonic, and are
sometimes employed as  such.
  Chiro'nia Chilen'sis,  Gentia'na  Cachen-
lahuen, Cachen-laguen,  Chachinlagua,  Chancela-
gua, Erythra'a Chilensis, Gentia'na  Peruria'na.
A very bitter plant, indigenous in Chili.  It pos-
sesses the virtues of the Chironea.  Given in in-
fusion—(^j,  to water Oj.)
   CHIRONI'UAI, from  xtl90V< 'bad, malignant.'
An ulcer difficult of cure:—of a swollen,  hard,
and callous  nature. — Galen.   Some have sup-
posed the word to  come from Chiron, the Cen-
taur, who was unable to cure such ulcers.
   C1IIRONOMIA,  Cheironomia.
   CIIIROPODALGIA,  Acrodynia.
   CHIROP'ODIST, (F.)  Pidicure.   One  who
treats diseases of the hands  and feet, or rather
whose profession it is to remove corns and bun-
yons ; from xu?r ' tbe hand,' and irovs, itooos, ' tho
foot.'
   CHIRORRHEUMA,  Chirrheuma.
   CHIROSIS. Subactio.
   CHIROSTROPHO'SIS,  from x»h 'the hand,*
and o-Tpeilittv, ' to turn.'  Distortion of the hand.
   CHIROTHE'CA,  from X"P> 'the hand,' and
9nKn, 'a sheath.' A bandage for the hand.  A kind
of bandage  in which the  fingers and hand are
enveloped in spiral turns.  AVhen the whole hand
and fingers  are covered, it  is called the double or
complete  Chirothccii,  Ch.  comple'ta,  Vinctu'ra
omnibus ditfitiv;  and when only a finger  is
covered, the half or incomplete, Oh. incornple'ta,
 Vinctu'ra pro uno dig"ito.   See Gantelet.
   CHIROTRI'BIA, from  x«C 'the  hand,' and
rptfior, ' I rub.'  Friction with the hand.   Accord-
ing to  others, dexterity in  an art.—Hippocrates,
Galen.
   CHIRRHEU'.MA, Chirorrheu'ma, Rheurnatis'-
mus manus, from xc'P< 'the hand,' and pevpa, 'flux.'
Rheumatism of the hand.
   CHIRURGEON, Surgeon.
   CHIRURGI PHYSICI,  see Surgeon.
   CHIRURGIA, Surgery—c. Anaplastic^ Mo-
rioplastice—c. Curtorum, Morioplastice—c. Infu-
soria, Infusion of  Medicines—c. Militaris,  Sur-
gery, military—c. Transfusoria, Transfusion.
   CHIRURGIGAL, Surgical.
   CHIRURGICUS, Surgical.
   CHIRURGIE, Surgery—c.  Militaire, Surgery,
military.
   CHillURGIEN, Surgeon—c. Consultant, Con-
sulting Surgeon—c. Hernieux, see Hernial.
   OHTRURGIQUE, Surgical.
   CHIRURGUS, Surgeon.
   CHIST.   An Arabic word which  signifies the
sixth  part.   The sixth part  of  the  Congius or
gallon.
   CHITON, Tunic.
   CHITONISCUS, Indusium.
   CHITTICK'S NOSTRUM,  see Nostrum.
   CHIUM  VINUM.   From   Chios,  the island
 where it was produced; Chian wine; used by the
physicians of antiquity in cases of defluxions and
 ophthalmia?.—Scribonius Largus.
   CHLI'AROS, x^iapos, ' tepid.'  A name  given
| to slight fevers, in which the heat is not great.—
, Galen. 
CIILIASMA
1 98
CII0 A V A
  CHLTAS'MA, ^Aia^a, same etymon.  A tepid
and moist fomentation.—Hippocrates.
  CHLOAS'AIA,  Pityriasis  versicolor,  Mac'-
vfa  hepat'ica, Pannus  liepat'icus,  Hepat' izon,
Phaze, Pha'cea, Phaciis,  (F.) Taches hipatiques,
Chaleurs du for'e, Ephilide scorbutique, Liverspot,
from  %Xoof, 'a greenish-yellow colour, verdure.'
A cutaneous affection, characterized by one  or
more broad, irregular-shaped patches, of a yellow
or yellowish-hrown  colour, occurring most fre-
quently on  the front of the neck, breast, abdo-
men, and groins.  The patches do not generally
rise  above the surface.   There is usually some
degree of itching.  A cryptogamous  growth has
been found in if, to which M. Robin  gives the
name Micros'poron furfur:
   The causes are not very evident.  Sulphur ex-
ternally— in any and every form — generally re-
moves it speedily.   Should there be  difficulty,
the external use of the remedy in baths or fumi-
gations may succeed.
   CHLOASMA ALBUM,  Achroma.
   CHLORA, Chlorine.
   CHLORAS  KALICUS  DEPURATUS,  Po-
tassae murias hvneroxygenatus.
   CIILORASMA. Chlorosis.
   CHLORE,  Chlorine—c. Liqnide, see Chlorine.
   CHLORETHERTDE,  Chloroform.
   CI-ILORETUM CALCARLE, Calcis chloridum.
   CHLORIASIS. Chlorosis.
   CHLORIC  ETHER,  CONCENTRATED, see
Ether,  chloric — c.  Ether, strong,  see  Ether,
chloric.
   CHLORIDE  OF  BROMINE,  see  Bromine,
chloride of.
   CHLORINE, from ^Awpo?, 'green.' Chlo'rinum,
 Clilorin'ium,  Chlora, O.cymuriat'ic  Acid  Gas,
 Oxygena'tcd, Muriatic Acid Gas, Dephlogisticated
Marine Acid.,  Halogene, Milrigene, Chlorum, (F.)
 Chlore.   So far as we know, this is  an  element-
ary  substance.  It is a greenish, yellow gas,  of
a strong suffocating smell, and disagreeable taste:
incapable of maintaining combustion and respira-
tion, and very soluble in water.   One of its cha-
racteristics is, that of destroying, almost imme-
diately, all vegetable and animal colours.  It  is
 employed in fumigations as a powerful disinfect-
ing  agent.  A very dilute solution, Aqua seu Li-
 quor Chlo'rini, Chlorin'ii Liquor (Ph. D.), Chlo-
rin'ei aqua (Ph. E.), Chlorine water, (F.) Chlore
 Uquide,  has been administered internally, in cer-
 tain  cases  of diarrhoea and  chronic dysentery.
 Immersion of the hands and arms in it has often
 removed itch and other cutaneous affections.   It
 has also been inhaled in a dilute state in the early
 stage of phthisis, but it  is of doubtful  efficacy,
 and is better  adapted for chronic bronchitis.
   Chlorine,   Bisulphuret  of,  Sulphur, chlo-
 ride of.
   CHLORO-AXEMIE, Chlorosis.
   CHLO'ROFOR.M. Chloroform'urn, Chloroform'-
 ium,  Carbo' nenm  chlora'tum,  Superchlo'ridum
 formylicum.  Pa-chloride and  Terchloride  of
 Formyl,  Chlomform'yl,  called also, but  not cor-
 rectly, Terchloride  of Carbon, and Chloric ether,
 JEther chlo'ricus; — (F.) Chloroforme, Chlorithi-
 ride, so called on account of the connexion of chlo-
 rine with formic acid, is a colourless, oleaginous
 liquid, of a sweetish ethereal  odour, hot, aroma-
 tic, and  peculiar taste.   The specific  gravity  of
 that of the Ph.  U. S.  is  1.49.   It  may be ob-
 tained by distilling from a mixture of chlorinated
 lime and alcohol, — rectifying the product by re-
 distillation, first from a great excess of chlori-
 nated lime, and afterwards from strong sulphuric
  acid. It has  been used with advantage in asthma,
  and in diseases in which a grateful soothing agent
  is required.  Dose f^ss to f^j, diluted with water.
It has likewise been prescribed with great success
as an  ana-sthetic agent  in  spasmodic diseases;
and to obtund sensibility in  surgical operations
and  in  parturition, — especially in  the  way of
inhalation;  but  its  use  requires  caution.  See
Anaesthetic.
  Chloroform, Tincture of, Ether, chloric.
  CHLOROFORMIZA'TION, Chlorofor^su'tio
The  aggregate of  anaesthetic phenomena  occa-
sioned by the inhalation of chloroform.
  CIILOROFORMYL, Chloroform.
  CHLORO'MA, from x^arpos, ' green.'  A pecu-
liar form of tumour containing a yellow green
substance,  which  takes the  place, at times, of
muscles and periosteum.
  CHLOROPHYLL, Fecula, green.
  CHLORO'SIS, from xXw(">s- 'green,' Ptd'lithu,
Mia-bus,  Fadus Yir'ginnm color, Pal'lidus  color
virgin'cus, Pallor vir'ginum,  Icteril'ia alba, lc'-
terus  albus, Lcitcopathla, Morbus  virgin'ens seu
Partherlius,  Fn-di  colo'res, Dyspe/i'siu chlortr'tis,
Febris amato'ria, Cachex'ia seu Fcbris vir'giniim,
Febris alba, Anepithym'ia ch/oro'sis, Chloras'nut,
Chloros'ma, Chlori'asis, Citto'sis, Greensickness,
(F.) Chlorose,  Pdles-coulcurs, Chloro-aneinie.  A
disease which  affects young  females, more parti-
cularly those who  have not menstruated.  It is
characterized by a pale, lurid complexion, languor,
listlessness, depraved appetite and  digestion, pal-
pitation, Ac.   The  disease generally goes off on
the occurrence of the menstrual flux ; but some-
times it is long before this is established, and, at
times, the catamenia are  in much larger quantity
than usual.   To this last form M. Trousseau has
given the name chlorose himorrhagique.
  The blood of chlorosis is generally thin, light-
coloured and deficient in red corpuscles; and, ac-
cording  to Piorry,  in  iron,—etchalybhimie; and
the clot is in less proportion to the  serum than in
health.  On  auscultation, a  bellows' sound has
been  almost invariably detected.over the heurt,
and  a continuous  blowing sound  in the larger
arteries,  (especially the carotids and subclavian?,)
re-enforced  by each systole  of  the ventricle, and
resembling  the buzzing of  a humming-top, the
cooing of doves, the  whistling of  air through a
key-hole, Ac,  (see Bruit.)  Very similar sounds
are heard in  tbe arteries after copious hemor-
rhage : they seem, therefore,  to coincide with en-
feebled circulation.
  Tonics — as iron — are usually required in the
treatment, — the disease most  commonly occur-
ring in those in whom there is considerable torpor
of the system.
   Chlorosis   .jEthiopum,  Chthonophagia —c.
Amatoria, Hectic fever—c. Gigantea, see  Poly-
sarcia.
   CHLOROSMA,  Chlorosis.
   CHLOROT'IC,  Ch/orolicus, (F.) Chlorotrqne.
Affected with chlorosis, or pertaining to chlorosis;
—as chlorotic female, chlorotic symptoms, Ac.
   CHLORUM, Chlorine.
   CHLORURE DE  CARBON,  Chloroform-
c. d'Or,  Gold, Muriate of.
   CHLORURETUM AMAIONICUAL Ammonite
murias—c.  Oxidi Calcii, Calcis chloridum.
   CHOA, Chu.
   CHOA'CUM EMPLAS'TRUM NIGRUM.  A
black plaster, mentioned  by Celsus, and composed
of equal parts  of litharge and resin.  The litharge
was first boiled in oil.
   CHOAK,  Cynanehe trachealis —c. Wolf,  Ly-
canche.
   CHOANA,  Pelvis —c. Cerebri,  Infundibulum
of the brain.
   CHOANE. Infundibulum.
   CHOANORRIIAGIA, Epistaxis.
   CHOAVA, Coffea Arabica. 
CIIOCOLAT               199      C EOL E RA-E UROPJE EN
    C1IOCOLAT, see Chocolate.
    CHOCOLATA, Chocolate—c. cum Osmazoma,
 see Osmazome—c. Salutis, see Chocolate—c. Sim-
 plex, see Chocolate.
    CHOCOLATE, Chocola'tum, Chocola'ta, Sitc-
 coltlta. Succocolla'ta.   Dr. Alston says, that this
 word  is  compounded  from   two  East Indian
 words : — choco, 'sound,' ajid atte, 'water,'  be-
 cause of the noise made in its preparation [ ? ].  An
 alimentary  paste prepared  from the kernels  of
  Tlicobrti'rna cacao  or  Cacao,  with  sugar,  and
 often aromatics.   (See Cacao.)   The  chocolate
 thus simply prepared—as it is met with, indeed,
 in  commerce —is  called  in France, Choc,,hit  de
 saiiti,  Chocola'ta  simplex  seu Saltltis.   It is not
 very easy of digestion.
    The chocolnt d la vanille contains three ounces
 of ranilla and two of cinnamon to  twenty pounds
 of common chocolate.  The addition of the aro-
 matic renders it somewhat more digestible.  Cho-
 colates may likewise be medicated.
    CHOCOLATE, OSAIAZOME, see Osmazome.
    CHOCOLATE  ROOT,  Geum rivale, G. Virgi-
 nianum.
    CHOCUS, Chu.
    CI BE NIC IS, Trepan.
    CIKEXION, Cord.
    CIKEXOS, Cord.
    CUOSRADO'DES, from xoipas, xoipaSos,  'scro-
 fula,' and ttios, 'resemblance.'  Of the  nature of
 scrofula.  Affected  with scrofula.
    CI [CERAS, Scrofula.
    CliOIROS. Vulva.
    CHOKE  CHERRY,  Prunus Virginiana — c.
 Damp, Carbonic acid.
    CHOKES, Throat.
    CHOLA, Chole.
    CUOLiE'.MIA,  Cholha'mia,  Choliha'min, from
 XoXn, 'bile,' and 'atpa, 'blood.'  A morbid state,
 in which bile exists in the blood.   Jaundice.
    CHOLAGO, Cholas.
    CHOL'AGOGUE,  Cholago'gus,  Chole'gos, Fel-
 lid'ucus, Rilit'icus, from x°^i> ' bile,' and ayur,  ' I
 expel.'  The ancients give this name to cathar-
 tics, which were reputed to cause the flow of bile.
    CHOLANSIS, Cholosis.
    CHOLAS, xoXas, plur. X"x"S,'s.  Chola'go.  The
 epigastric region.   The intestines.—Homer.
    CUOLASMA, Cholosis.
    CHOLE, diolus, Cltola, 'bile,' in composition.
 Hence:
   CHOLEC'CHYSIS, Cholerlchysis; from  XP^li
 'bile,' and tyxvat;, 'effusion.'   Effusion  of bile.
   CHOLECYST, Gall-bladder.
   CHOLECYSTEURYS'.MA, from x**n, 'bile,'
 Kvtrns, 'bladder,' and tvpvapa, 'dilatation.'   Dila-
 tation of the gall-bladder.
   CHOLECYSTI'TIS, Tnfiamma'tio Vesica fell-
 ia, T. cyst'i,lis fell ea, Cystitis fel'lea, Hepatitis
 cyst'tea, from xoAi?, ' bile,'  and Kvans, 'bladder.'
 (F.) Inflammation de la Visicule du Fid, Chole-
 cystitc.   Inflammation of the gall-bladder.
   CUOL'EDOCII,  Choled'ochus,   (F.)   Oholi-
 doque, from X"*n, 'bile,' and SoXos, 'containing or
 receiving.'   The Ductus clioledochus seu  hep'ato-
 cys'ticus, Ductus communis  choledochus, (F.) Con-
 duit ou Canal Chnlidoque, is the duct formed by
 the union of  the hepatic and cystic ducts, which
 pours the hepatic and cystic bile into the duodenum
   CIIOLEDOCI'TIS, from choledochus, and itis;
 a  suffix  denoting inflammation.   Inflammation
 of the choledoch duct.
   CHOLEDOG'RAPHY, Choledogra'phia,  Cho-
 legrapllia, Cholngrapllia,  from  ^oA^, ' bile,' and
 ypac\etv, ' to describe.'  A description of what re-
 lates to the bile and bilinry organs.
  0 II 0 L E D 0 L' 0 G Y,  Choledolog"ia, Cholc-
log"ia, Chololvg"ia, from xoXn, 'bile,' and Xoyos,
  ' a discourse.'   A treatise on the bile and biliary
  organs.
    CHOLEDOQUE, Choledoch.
    CHOLEGOS, Oholago"ue.
    CHOLEGRAPHY, Choledography.
    CHOLE ILEA! IA, Icterus.
    CIIOLEIA,  Claudication.
    CIIOLELITIIIA,  Cysthepatolithiasis—c. Icte-
  rus, Icterus.
    CHOLELITHIASIS, Cysthepatolithiasis.
    CHOLELITHUS, Calculi, biliary.
    CHOLELOGIA. CholedoWy.
    Ci-IOLEMES'IA,  Cholem'esis, from  X°H
  'bile,' and tptats, 'vomiting.'  Vomiting of bile.
    CHOLENCHYSIS, Cholecchysis.
    CHOLEPYRA, Fever, bilious.
    CHOLEPYRETUS, Fever, bilious.
    CHOLEPYRRIN, see Bile.
    CHOLER, Bile.  Anger was supposed to be
  produced by a superabundance of bile; hence
  the term Cho/er for anger.
    CIIOL'ERA, Choiera-morbus, Cliolera nostras
  seu vulga'ris, Sporadic Cholera, Cholerrha'i/ia,
  I assio choler'ica, FelUf'lua  passio. Morbus'fd-
  hf'luus,  Hoi era,  Bilis flttx'io, (F.) Cholo'drie
  lymphatique, Hydrocholadric, Cholira -morbus sp„.
  ™<l'q;te, Ch. Europi'en, Trousse-galant, from XoX„,
  bile,  and pea, 'I  flow.'   According to others,
  from  x°*aies,  'intestines,' or from  x°^e<h 'the
  gutter of a house  to carry off the rain.'  The
  higher degrees  have been called Centrogangliltie
  MyelogangliVtis, and Ilo/iu/am/lii'tis.  A disease
  characterized by anxiety, gripings, spasms in the
  legs and  arms, and by  vomiting  and  pur<rin~
  (generally  bilious:)  vomiting and   purging"are^
 indeed, the essential  symptoms.  The disease is
  most common in hot climates,—and  in temperate
 climates, during summer.   Spasmodic, Asiat'ic,
 Mab'g'nant, Indian, Epidem'ic, Pestilerltial, Con-
 vulsive Nervous, Eastern,  or Orient'al Cholera,
 Asphyx'ia  pestilen'ta,  Pestilen'tial  asphyx'ia,
  Choleric Pest'ilence, Cholera orienta'lis seu Ll-
 dica seu Epidenlica seu Asphyx'ia, Typhus Ben-'
 galerlsis, Choiero-typhus, Ganglionitisperipher'-
 ica et medulla'ris, Hymenognnglii'tis. Pantogan-
 glii'tis,  Cholerrhce'a  lymphaiicn, Psorenter'ia,
 Acholia, Typhoid Fever of India, Hyperanthra.c'is,
 Enterop'yra  Asialica,   Trisplancllnia,   Tris'-
 planchnltis, Hamntnporrho'sis,  Hamutorrho'sis.
 Morbus ory'zeus, Rice disease, (because supposed
 by Tytler to  be caused  by damaged rice,) (F.)
 Mort de Chien, is frightful  in  the rapidity of its
 progress,  the  patient sometimes dying in a few
 hours  from the  first  onset.  In  temperate cli-
 mates, common  cholera is  not usually a disease
 of much consequence,  It requires that the sto-
 mach and bowels should be  cleared, and after-
 wards  the irritation be allayed by full doses of
 opiuiiL   In malignant cholera, large closes of calo-
 mel, with opiates, form the great reliance of many
 practitioners.  In the worst forms,  however,  it
 runs its course, unmodified  by treatment.
  CHOLERA EUROPE EX, see Cholera —c.
 Indian, see Cholera—c. Indiea, see Cholera.
  Chol'era  Infan'tum,  Choleric Fever ofi In-
fants;  Cholera  of Infants.   A disease so termed
 by  American  physicians.   It  occurs, generally,
 in the  middle states  of the  Union,  in June or
July, and continues  during  the  hot weather,
hence called the ' summer complaint.'  The chief
symptoms  are  vomiting, purging of green  or
yellow matter, slime or blood, attended with pain
or uneasiness; and swelling of the abdomen, with
some pyrexia, generally.  The heat Of the wea-
ther seems to be the predisposing, if not the ex-
citing,  cause.  It is a fatal disease in  towns; dif-
fering little, if at all, from what is vulgarly called
the Watery Gripes in England. Clearing/gently, 
CHOLERAIC
200
CnONDRO-XIPIIOID
the alimentary canal, so as to remove the offend-
ing matter, and then exhibiting chalk  mixture
and  laudanum,  with counter-irritants, as sina-
pisms to the abdomen, is  the  most satisfactory
plan of  treatment.
  Cholera, AIalignant, see Cholera—c. Morbus,
Cholera — c. Morbus Sporadique, see Cholera —
c. Nostras, Cbolera morbus—c. Oriental, see Cho-
lera—c. Pestilential, see Cholera—c.  Poison, see
Poison—c. Spasmodic, see Cholera—c.  Sporadic,
see Cholera—c.  Sec, Cholera sicca—c.  Vulgaris,
Cholera morbus.
  Chol'era  Sicca,  (F.) Cholira sec.  Pneuma-
tosis of the digestive passages in which  there is a
copious discharge of gas upwards and downwards.
  CHOLERAIC, Choleric.
   CHOLERAPHOBIA, Choleromania.
  CHOL'ERIC, Choler'icns, (F.) Choliriqne.  Be-
longing to bile; also to cholera; Cholera'ic,—as the
'choleric or choleraic virus.'  The French use the
term Fievre cholirique for the fever accompanying
cholera.
   Choleric  Fever of Infants, Cholera  infan-
tum.
   Choleric  Temp'brament.   The bilious tem-
perament.
   CHOL'ERINE, (F.) Cholirine.   A diminutive
of cholera.  The first stage of epidemic cholera;
also, the precursory symptoms of cholera.
   CHOLERIQUE, Choleric.
   CIIOL'EROID, CholeroVdes, from cholera, and
tiios, 'resemblance.'  Resembing  cholera; as a
' choleroid affection.'
   CHOLEROMA'NIA, Cholerapho'bia, Cholero-
pho'bia, from  cholera and mania.  A  dread of
cholera to such an  extent  that  the individual
fancies himself  affected or threatened by it.
   CHOLEROPHOBIA,  Choleromania.
   CHOLEROPHO'NE, from cholera, and tpurvn,
' voice.'  The peculiar voice of one in cholera.
   CHOLEROPROSO'PON,   Cholerop'sis,  from
cholera, and zpoaorizov, 'countenance.'   The facial
expression of cholera.
   CHOLEROPSTS. Choleroprosopon.
   CHOLERO-TYPHUS, Cholera, (spasmodic.)
   CHOLERRHAGIA, Cholera.
   CHOLERRIKEA LYA1PHATICA, Cbolera.
   CHOLESTEARINO.MA, Cholesteatoma.
   CHOLESTEATINE, Cholesterin.
   CHOLESTEATO'MA, from  Xo)"i> 'bile/ and
steatomrt.  An encysted tumour, which presents
upon the  interior of the cyst several  superim-
posed layers of cholesterin, which  glisten like
pearl.  Hence it  was named by Cruveilheir  Ihe
 laminated nacreous fatty tumour.
   CHOL'ESTERIN, Cholesterine, Cholesterlna,
 Cholosterlna,  Cholestearine,  Cholesteatine, from
 •XpXn, 'bile,' and ortptos, 'solid,' or artap,  'suet.'
 Ad'ipocire,  Choline.  An  inodorous,  insipid sub-
 stance, in  white, shining scales; fusible and crys-
 tallizing, on cooling, in  radiated fibres.  Soluble
 in alcohol.  It forms the  crystalline part of cer-
 tain biliary  calculi.  See Adipocire.
   Cholesterin Disease,  see Lardaceous.
   CHOLEUMA,  Cholosis.
   CHOLH-EMIA, Cho-laemia.
   CHOLIA, Cholosis.
   CHOLICE'LE,  from x°*i<  'bile,'  and  KnXv,
 'tumour.'  A swelling, formed by the  bile  mor-
 bidly accumulated in the  gall-bladder.
    CIIOLICUS. Bilious.
    CHOLIH.EMIA, Cholaemia.
    CHOLIXE,  Cholesterin.
    CHOLICYST1ECTASIE,  Turgescentia  vesi-
 ca? felleaa.
    CHOLICYSTTTE, Cholecystitis.
    CHOLIUS, Bilious.
    CHOLOCATAR'RHOPHE, Cholocatar-
rhnnhe'sis,  Cholocatarropllia, from  xn)>1>  'bile,'
and Karappotptiv, ' to sup  up.'  Tbe ab-urptiou of
bile.
  CHOLOGRAPIIIA, Choledography.
  CHOLOLITHUS, see  Calculi, biliary.
  CHOLO'AIA, from ^wAos, 'lame,  maimed.'
Distortion  of  a limb; incapacity of moving it.
Also, the act of limping, claudication.
  CHOLOPLANIA, Icterus.
  ClIOLORRHCE'A, from x'^n, 'bile,' and  pso>,
' I flow.'  An  abnormous discharge of bile.
  CHOLOS, Bile, Cbole.
  CHOLO'SES, from  x°^i, 'bile.'  Alibert in-
cludes,  under this  head, every morbid affection
of the liver and spleen.
  CHOLO'SIS, from  x°>x°S'  'lame.'   Cho'lotes,
Cholas'ma, Cholan'sis, Choleil ma, Choi in, Clnti-
dicn'tion.   Hippocrates  employs  this  word par-
ticularly for a lameness  of the hand, which ren-
ders a person  one-handed, (F.)  manchot.  Also,
icterus; bilious dyscrasy.
  Cholosis Americana. Fever, yellow.
  CHOEOSTERINA,  Cholesterin.
  CHOLOTES, Cholosis.
  CHOLOZE.MIA FEBRILIS, Fever, bilious.
  CHONDR1N,  from ^ot^os,  'cartilage.'  (F.)
Gilatine des cartilages.  A variety of gelatin, ob-
tained by boiling the cornea, the permanent  car-
tilages,  and the bones  before they are ossified.
  CHONDRI'TIS,  In/lamina'tio Cart Hug"'inis,
(F.) Chondrite, from \ovhpos, 'cartilage,' and  itis,
a  termination denoting inflammation.  Inflam-
mation  of cartilage.
  ClIONDROCLA'SIS,  fromxovSpos,'cartilage,'
and kXiiois, 'fracture.'   Fracture of a cartilage.
  CUONDRODES, Cartilaginous, Chondroid.
  CHONDROGENES'IA, Chondrogen'esis, from
XovSpos,  'a cartilage,' and ytvtats, 'formation.'
Formation of cartilage.  A morbid conversion of
parts into cartilage.
  CIIONDROGLOS'SUS,  from xovSpos, 'a carti-
lage,' and yXoiaaa, 'the tongue.'  A fasciculus of
fleshy fibres,  passing  from  the  lesser cornu of
the os hyoides to the  tongue.  It forms  part of
the hyoglossus.
  CHONDROG'RAPIIY,  Chondrogra'phia, from
Xov&pos, 'cartilage,' and ypacpv,  'a description.'
A description of cartilages.
   CHONDROID,  Chondrdi'des,  Chondro'des,
from xovSpos, ' cartilage,' and etSos, ' resemblance.'
Carlilaginiform.  Resembling cartilage.
   CHONDROL'OGY, Chondrolofia, from  ^ov-
ipos, 'a cartilage,' and  Xoyos, 'a discourse.' A
treatise on cartilages.
   CIIONDRO'MA, Enchondro'ma. from xov^"'>
 ' cartilage.'  A cartilaginous growth proceeding
from bones, including spina ventosa,  osteosar-
 coma, Ac, of many.
   CHONDRO-PHARYNGE'US, from xovVf,'a
 cartilage,' and tpapvyi., ' the pharynx.'  Fibres of
 the muscular  coat of the pharynx, which arise
 from the lesser cornua of the os hyoides, and form
 part of the  Constrictor  medius.   See Constrictor
 pharyngis.
   CHONDRO'SIS, from x°vSpos, 'cartilage.'  A
 morbid formation or condition of a  cartilage.
   CliOSBROSTER-NAl,,Choridrosterna'lis,from
 Xovipos, 'a  cartilage,'  and artpvov, 'the  breast-
 bone.'  Having relation to the cartilages of the
 ribs and breast-bone,—as  the chondrosternal liga-
 ments, articulations, Ac.
   CHONDROSYNDES'MUS,  from  xot,iP0^ <a
 cartilage,' and awStanos,   'a  ligament.'  Union
 of bones,  by means of fibro-cartilage.  Synchon-
 drosis.
    CHONDROT'OMY, Chondrotom'ia, from xn'
 Spot, 'a cartilage,'and rtpvttv, 'to cut.'   Dissec-
 tion of cartilages.
    CHONDRO-XIPHOID,   Chondro-xiphoVdes, 
CIIONDRUS
201
CHOROID
from x°vStros, 'a cartilage,' and xiphoid, the car-
tilage so called.  Having relation to the xiphoid
cartilage, as ' Clioudro-xiphoid ligament.'
  CHOXDRUS, Cartilage.   The Xiphoid car-ti-
ln<j<i, in particular.
  Chondris, Alica, Fucus crispus — c. Crispus,
Fucus  crispus—c. Polymorphus, Fucus crispus.
  CHOXOS, Infundibulum.
  CHOPIXE, Choplno, Cheoplna.   A measure,
which  contains 10 ounces.  A pint measure.
  CHORA, ^upa,  'region.'   Any  void  space.
Also, the orbit of the eye.
  CHORD, TESTICULAR, Spermatic chord.
  CHORDA,  Corda, from  x°t'S'h  'a gut,' and
hence, a string made  of gut.  A string  of an
instrument.   It  has several  meanings: — as a
tendon, — the  intestines  (Chorda.)    Paracelsus
calls  the  genital  organs chorda.   Chorda  seu
Funie'ulns  Tynlptnni, a branch of  the  7th pair
of  nerves,  according to  some, of tbe 5th pair,
according  to  others, and to probability,  which
passes through the tympanum, (F.) Nn-fi Tympa-
niquc. — (V.\\.)  Corile du  Tambour ou  du  Tympan.
 Chorda  W'Hlis'ii, Trabecn/a  W'illis'ii, the  small
fibres  whicli cross the sinuses of the  dura mater:
 so called from their first describer,  Willis. Chorda
 Tcndiii'ca; the tendinous  and  cord-like  sub-
 stances which connect the columna cornea  of the
 ventricles  of the heart  to the valves, Ac.
   Chord v, Intestine.
   Chorda  Dorsa'lis,  Dorsal cord.  The axis,
 around which, according  to Von  Baer, the first
 parts of the foetus are formed,—the rudiment of
 the future  vertebral column.
   Chorda Hippocratis, Achillis Tendo—c. Lon-
 gitudinalis Corporis Callosi, see Raphe—c. Penis,  (
 Chordee — c. Tympani, see Chorda — c. Veneris,
 Chordee.
   CHORD.E, Chordee—c. Fcrrenii,  Cords, vocal
 —c Longitudinales lancisii, see Raphe—c. Ten-
 dine;e, see Chorda—c.  Transversales Willisii, see
 Corpus eallosum — c. Vocales, Cords, vocal — c.
 Willisii, see Chorda.
   CHORDAP'SUS, from x°fSn, 'intestine,' and
 azriiv, ' to tie,' Intussuscep'tio.   Constriction or
 twisting of the intestines. — Celsus.   The Colica
 Ileus.  See Enteritis and Ileus.
   CHORDEE', Cordee',  Chorda   Ven'eris  seu
 Penis, Phullancylo'sis, Phallocamp'sis, Chorda,
 Chorda'ta  Gonorrhve'a.  A  painful  affection of
 the penis, attending gonorrhoea,  and happening
 chiefly at  night.  It occurs when  tbe violence of
 the inflammation is such, that the urethra cannot
 expand as much as the corpora cavernosa during
 erection, and  consequently the glans seems pain-
 fully drawn downwards.  The application of cold
 water topically, and the administration of opium
 internally, palliate it.
   CIIORE'A, Git. Sancti  Viti seu Sancti Modes'ti
 Seu gesticulato' ria,  Choroma'iiia,  Syn'clonus sal-
 tans, Tripndia'tio spastica, from xnpeta, ' a dance ;'
 sometimes called Scelotyr'be, S. Ta rant ism us, Viti
 Saltus, Sa/ta'tiir Sancti Viti, Ballis'mus,  Cou-
 vnl'sio habitua'lis,  Siph'ita  prava,  Syn'clonus
 Chorea, Myotyr'bc, Chorcoma'nia, Oi chestroma'-
 nia, Epiltps'ia Saltato'cia,  Morbus Sa/tato'i-ius
 seu gesticulato'r'iits seu  Lasci'tus, Ilier-urlosns, St.
 Vitus's Dance, Viper's  Dance, because the move-
 ments resemble dancing; (F.) Clmric, Danse de
 Saint Witt, Danse de  St. Guv.   The character-
istics are:—irregular and involuntary motions of
one or more limbs, and of the face and trunk. It
is a disease which usually occurs before puberty;
and is generally connected with  torpor of  the
system, and of the  digestive organs in particular.
Its duration is long, but it is usually devoid of
danger; although frequently but little under the
control of medicine.  The spasms do not coutinue
during sleep.  The indications of treatment are :
to strengthen the  general system, and stimulate
the  intestinal  canal.  Purgatives, once or twice
a week, and chalybeates, with appropriate  regi-
men, will fulfil these.
  Chorea, Chronic,  see Tic—c. Faciei, 77c—c.
Gesticulatoria,  Chorea — c.  Partial,  see  Tic—c.
Sancti Modesti, Chorea—c.  Sancti Valentini, Ta-
rantismus—c.  Sancti  Viti, Chorea.
  CHOREE, Chorea.
  CHORE'GIA, from x°P0S> *a troop of dancers
and  singers,'  and  ayur,  ' I  lead.'   Hippocrates
uses this term for the whole of  the  apparatus
necessary for a physician or surgeon.
  CHOREOMANIA, Chorea.
  CHORIODEI'TIS, Chorioidei'tis, Chorioidi-
tis,  Choroiditis, (F.) Choro'idite, from x"90lLSns,
1 the  choroid,'  and itis.  Inflammation  of the
choroid coat of the eye.
  CHORIODES, Choroid.
  CHORIOIDEA, Choroid.
  CHORIOIDES,  Choroid.
  CHO'RION, xuPl0V,  'skin,' from ^upnv, 'to
contain,'include; [?] Carnis'ia Fatas : the chemise
or shirt  of the foetus in  utero.  A thin, transpa-
rent  membrane,  formerly  confounded with the
decidua, which surrounds the foetus in utero on
every  side,  and appears  to be  developed  from
nucleated cells formed  in  the  Fallopian   tube.
Some  histologists,  however, consider,  that  it
exists in the ovary. The general opinion is, that
it is formed as above described ; and perhaps, al.-o,
from  the zona pellucida,  which disappears in the
tube.  In the uterus, villous prolongations are
formed on its surface, which have given it. with
more recent writers, the name ' shaggy chorion.'
These villi are  probably the agents of the ab-
sorption of  nutritive matter  furnished from the
lining membrane of the uterus.
  By many anatomists, the  chorion is considered
to be formed of two layers; the outer, called  by
Burdach Exocho'rion :  the  inner, Endocho'rion.
By others,  the distinction  of laminae  is denied.
It is exterior to the amnion.
  Chorion also means the true skin.  See Cutis.
By some, tbe Zona pellucida is so called.
  Chorion Fungosum, Decidua—c. Reticulatum,
Decidua—c. Shaggy, see Chorion and Decidua—
c. Spongiosum, see Decidua—c. Spongy, see De-
cidua—c. Tomentosum, see  Decidua.
  CHORIONITIS.   Induration of  the  Cellular
tissue.
  CHOROID, ChoroVdeus,  ChoroVdes, ChorioV-
des,  Chorio'dcs from x°Pwv'  'the chorion,' and
ttSos,  'shape,'  'resemblance.'  Several parts are
so called, which   resemble  the chorion in the
multitude of their vessels.
  Choroid Muscle, Ciliary muscle.
  Choro;d Plexus,  Plexus choro'i'des seu clio-
roi'dcus seu  reticularis,  Vermes  cer'ebri.   Two
membranous and  vascular duplicatures  of the
pia  mater,  situate  in  the  lateral ventricles.
They are fixed to the Tela choroid en by one edge,
and are loose and floating at the other.
  Choroidea  Tela, Plexus  choro'ideus medius,
(F.)   Toile choroidienn'e.    A  kind  of vasculo-
membranous  prolongation  of  the  pia  mater,
which lines the lower surface of the fornix united
with the corpus eallosum.   It is stretched above
the third ventricle and covers the  posterior  com-
missure and corpora quadrigemina.  Anteriorly,
the tela choroidea is continuous with the plexus
choroides.
  CuoRoi'DEA  seu  CnoRioi'DEA  Tu'nica,  Ch.
Membra'na,  or  simply the Choroid.  Tu'nica vas-
culo'sa seu acinifornlis seu  rhagoVdes Oculi. (F.)
Membrane choroide, Choroide.  A thin membrane,
of a very dark colour, which lines the sclerotica, 
CHOROIDE             202           CHRYSOCIIALCOS
 internally.   The  part  behind  the  iris  is called
 Uvea.  It is situate between the sclerotica and
 retina, has an opening, posteriorly, for  the  pas-
 sage of the optic nerve;  and  terminates,  ante-
 riorly, at the great circumference of  the  iris,
 where it  is continuous  with the ciliary processes.
 According to Ruysch, the choroid consists of two
 layers, to the innermost of which his son gave the
 name  Tu'nica seu  Membra'na  Ruyschiu'nn, M.
 diorio-c.apillilris,  (F.)  Membrane Rnyschienne.
 The internal surface of the membrane is covered
 with a dark pigment, consisting of several layers
 of  pigment  cells,  called  Pigmen'tum  nigrum,
 Stratum  pig men'ti.  Ophthahnochro'ltes,  JEthiops
 animal, Milaine, Mela nine, Mat lire ou  Principe
 de la Melanose, (F.) Enduit  choro'idien.   Its use
 seems to  be, to absorb the rays of light after  they
 have traversed the retina.
   Choroidea Vex.*,  Vena  Gale'ni, (F.) Veines
 choroidiennes.  Two veins, that creep along the
 tela choroidea; into which  almost  all those of
 the lateral ventricles,  of the upper part of the
 cerebellum, of the pineal gland, and the corpora
 quadrigemina open. The Venae  Galeni open into
 the sinus quartus or fourth sinus.
   CHOROIDE, CE1NTURE  BLANCHE DE
 LA, Ciliary  ligament—c. Commissure de la,  Cili-
 ary ligament.
   CHOROIDITIS, Choriodeitis.
   CHOROI'DO-RETINI'TIS.  Inflammation of
 the choroid and retina.
   CIIOROMANIA, Chorea.
   CHOSES  CONTRE NATURE,  Res contra
 naturam — c. Xaturc/les, Res naturales — c. non
 Naturelles, Res non naturales.
   CHOSIS.  Arenatio.
   CHOU, Brassica — c. Cabus,  Brassica  capitata
 — c. Croute,  Saner Kraut — e.   F/enr,  Brassica
 Florida, Cauliflower excrescence—e. Marin, Con-
 volvulus  soldanella — c. Naret,  Brassica rapa —
 c. Pommi, Brassica capitata—c. Potager,  Brassica
 —c. Roquette, Brassica  eruca.
   CHOWDER,  a favorite  New England dish,
 made of  fish, pork, onions,  and biscuit, stewed
 together.
   In  Devonshire,  England, chowder is a fish-
 seller.—  Halliwell.   In the  west  of England
 chowder  beer is a. liquor made  by boiling black
 spruce in  water, and mixing it with molasses.—
 Webster.
   CHREMMA, Sputum.
   CHREMPSIS, Exspuition.
   CHRISES, from ^piw, 'I anoint.'   The action
 of anointing.  Inunction.
   CIIRISMA. same etymon.  The act of anoint-
 ing.  The salve or liniment used, Chrism, Creme.
 Prurigo.
   CHRISTI  MANUS.   Troches prepared from
 refined sugar boiled in rose-water with  or without
 prepared  pearls.
   CHRISTOPHER, HERB, Actsea spicata.
   CHRISTOPHORIANA   SPICATA,   Actsea
 spicata.
   CHRISTOS, XP"71""!- from xP""> 'I  anoint'
 Any medicine applied under the  form of liniment
 or ointment.
  CHROA,  Chrcra, Chroma.  Colour in  general.
 The surface of the body.   The skin
  CHROA1A. Chroa,
   CHROMATISME,  Aberration  of refranei-
 bilitv.                                     s
  CHROMA TOCCENOUS, from Xpo>ua, yp(u„a.
 tos. ' colour,' and ytwaur, ' I make.'
  CnROMATOG"BNOus Appara'tus.  A supposi-
 titious giandular apparatus  for producing  the
 colouring  matter  of the  skin,  composed of a
glandular  or secreting parenchyma, situate a little
below the  papillae,  and presenting special excre-
 tory ducts, which pour out the colouring mattor
 on the surface of the true skin.—Bresehet.
   C H R 0 M A T 0 M E T A B L E P SI A,  Achro-
 matopsia.
   ClIROMATOPHO'BIA, from XP»I"*> Xpuparos,
 'colour,' and tpofios, 'dread.'  Morbid sensibility
 to certain  colours.
   CIIRO.MATOl'SEUDOPSIA, Achromatopsia
   C11R0AIAT0PSIA, Cbromopsia.
   CHROMIC  ACID, Ac"idum Chr-o'micum, (F.)
 Acide  chromiqiie.   Obtained  by  crystallization
 from a mixture  of bichromate ofi potassa, and
 oil ofi vitriol.  It has been used as an escharotic
 in external hemorrhoids.
   CHROMIDRO'SIS, from \purpa, 'colour,'and
 'tSpois, ' sweet.'  Abnormous coloration of the per-
 spiratory secretion.
   CHROMOP'SIA, Chromop'iti, Chromatop'sia,
 Chrotop'sin, Chrup'sia, Crop'sia, 1 isus color u'ttts,
 Suffu'sio colo'rans, Chroop'sy. Chromop'sy, Trides'-
 cent vision, from xpupa, 'and  o\li$, 'vision.'   A
 state of vision in which  a colored impression, as
 of the rainbow, is made on  the retina.  Said  to
 be occasionally observed in jaundice.
   CHRONIC,  Chron'icus, Chro'nius, Polychro'-
 niits, lurctcva'tiis, Anti'quus, (F.) Chronique, from
 Xpovos, 'time.'   Of  long duration.
   Chronic Diseases, Morbi  chron'ici, Macro-
 nos'ia, Mncro'sia, (F.) Mnlndies Chroniques, are
 those whose duration is long, or whose symptoms
 proceed slowly. The antithesis to chronic is acute.
   CHRONIC'ITY, Chronic"itus, (F.) Chronkiti.
 The state of a chronic malady.
   CHRONIQUE, Chronic.
   CHRONO, from   xp»vos,  'time.'   A prefix  to
 terms  denoting inflammation of a part, to show
 that such inflammation is chronic.—Piorry.
   CHRONOGYNIA, Menstruation.
   CHRONO-HEPATITE, Hepatitis, chropic.
   CHRONO-NEPHRITE,  Nephritis (chronic.)
   CHRONO-THERMAL,  from  yooi/os, 'time,'
 and  Stppv  'heat'  Relating to time and tempe-
 rature.  An  epithet given to a fanciful'system'
 by Dr. Samuel Dickson,  which maintains, that
 tbere can be no increase or diminution of tempe-
 rature without motion ; no motion without time;
 that motion consists in attraction and repulsion;
 that attraction and  repulsion are peculiar to elec-
 tric  action; and hence,  that medicines  musS
 change the motions  of the system, and be electri-
 cal in their operation.
   CHROOPSY, Chromopsia.
   CHROTOPSIA, Chromopsia.
   CI1RUPSIA, Chromopsia.
   CHRYSALEA, Nitro-muriatic acid.
   CHRYSANTHEMUM, Calendula officinalis.
   Chrysan'themum Leucan'themum, from xp«-
 tros, 'gold,' and avStpov, 'a  flower.'  The Gx-eye
 daisy,  Daisy, Whiteiceed, Gol.dens, Muitdlinicort,
 Bel/is  major seu  praten'sis, Biipthalmnm majus,
 Leucarlihemurn  vulga're  seu Bellidioi'des, Ma-
 trrcilria,  Consolida media,  Oc'ulus Boris, (F.)
 Chrysanthime,  Chrysene, Grand Marguerite des
pris.  Ord. Composite^.  The flowers and herb are
slightly acrid;  and were once used in pulmonary
diseases.
   Chrysanthemum Parthenium, Matricaria par-
thenium.
   CHRYSE, from xPva°i> 'gold.'  The name of
a yellow plaster,  described by Paulus of iEgina,
and  composed of thus,  alum, lead, colophony,
resin, oil, and orpiment, boiled in vinegar.
   CHR ytfi?jV#,Chrysanthemum leucanthemum.
   CHRYSITIS. see Plumbi oxidum semivitreinn.
   CHRYSOBALANUS  GALENI, see Myristica
moschnta.
   CHRYSOCALTS,  Matricaria.
   CHRYSOCHALCOS, Brass. 
CHRYSOCOLLA            203             CHYMIATRIA
  CIIRYSOCOLLA, Borax.                     I
  CIIRVSOCO.MA, .Millefolium.
  CHRVSOLACTIANUM, Chenopodium bonus!,
Henricus.
  CHRYSOE'ITHUS, Chrys'olite,  from  xPvt">s>}\
'gold,' and Xi$us, 'stone.'  A precious  stone, of
a golden colour, regarded by  the ancients as car-
diac, cephalic, Ac.
  CIIRYSO.MELIA, see Citrus aurantium.
  0 IIRYSOPIIYLLUM   BURANHE M,
Monesia.
  CIIRYSOPIIYL'LUM CAINI'TO. from Xovaos,
'gold,' and  tpvXXov, 'a  leaf.'   Cainito,  Siderox'-
ylun,  llroad-leaved Star-apple.  A tree of the
Antilles, Ord.  Sapotaceaj, which  produces  one
of the best fruits of the country.  There are seve-
ral varieties of it
   Chiiysophvi.lum Glyciphl.-eum,  Monesia.
   CHRYSOPUS, Cambogia.
   CIIRYSOS, Gold.
   CURVSOSPERMUAI. Sempervivum  tectorum.
   CIIRYZA FIBRAUREA.  Coptis.
   CHTUONOPIIA'GIA,   Cache,-'ia Africa'na,
 Mtdtlcia seu Pica Africnno'rum, Leiicophlegiiul'-
 tin seu  Ch.loro'sis ^Ethio'puin, Dirt-eating,  (F.)
 Mai d'Estomac from x®'ovi 'earth,' and  t),ayui, 'I
 eat.'   A disorder of the  nutritive  functions  ob-
 served amongst the negroes  of the South and of
 the West Indies, in which there is  an irresistible
 desire to eat dirt   It is accompanied by most of
 the signs of chlorosis.
   The Ottoraacs on the Orinoco, and the natives
 of portions  of  the Hudson's Bay  territory,  are
 Clithonoph'agi or ' earth  eaters.'  The  earth is a
 form of steatite.
   CHU, Chou or Chus, xovs>  Chocus.   A liquid
 measure amongst the Greeks, answering to  the
 Cnngius of  the  Romans, and containing six sex-
 tarii,  or twelve Attic  cotylae,  or  nine pints.—
 Galen.
   CHUMOSIS, Chemosis.
   CHURX  Al ILK, Buttermilk.
   CHURRUS, see Bangue.
   CHUTE, Prolapsus — c. du Fondement, Proc-
 tocele—c. de la Matt-ice, Procidentia uteri—e. des
 Oeufs. see Parturition — c du Rectum, Proctocele.
   CHYLAIRE, Chylous.
   CHYLAR,  Chylous.
   CHYLARION, Chyle.
   CHYLE, Chylus, Succns nutril'ius, from Xvu)>
 'I flow.'  The word, in Hippocrates, means Tisane
 or Decoction ofi Parley, Chylelrion, xvXapiov. Ga-
 len first used  it in its  present sense:—i. e. for a
 nutritive fluid, extracted by  intestinal  absorp-
 tion,  from  food which  has been  subjected  to
 tbe action  of the  digestive  organs.  It is  of a
 whitish appearance; and is formed from the chyme
 in the duodenum, and the rest of the small intes-
 tines, by the chyliferous vessels, which arise at the
 mucous surface of the intestine.   Along these it
 passes through the mesenteric glands  to the tho-
 racic duct,  and is finally poured into the left sub-
 clavian.  It is composed, like the blood, of a fluid
 —liquor chyli—and  of Chyle  corpuscles or glo-
 bules, the average size of which is about 1-4600th
 of an inch.  See Chyme.
   Chyle Corpuscles, see Chyle.
   CHYLEUX, Chylous.
   CHYLIF'EROUS. Chy'lifcr, Chylif'erus,  Chy-
 loph'orus, (F.) Chyli fire, from chylus,' chyle,' and
 ferre. ' to carry.'  Chyle-bearing.
   Chylif'erois Vessels,  Vasa  Chylif'era seu
 Chylof'era, Via  chylif'era.  Vena lactea,  Vasa
 lactca,  Lacteal*,  (F.)  Vaisseaux  chyb'fieres,  V.
 Lactis.   Vessels  which  convey the chyle  from
 the intestines  to  the thoracic duct.  They have
 also  been called galactoph'orous vessels.
   CHYLIFICATION,   Chylifi.cntio,   Chylo'sis,
 Clty'"j>oc'«is,   Prapara'tio  chyli,   from  chylus,
'chyle,' and  fiacere, 'to make.'   Formation  of
chyle during tbe digestive  processes.  It has, at
times, been applied to the  changes produced  on
the aliment in the small intestine; but  is now
restricted to the act of forming chyle  at  the ra-
dicles of the chyliferous vessels.
  CHYLINE. Cyclamen.
  CIIYLISMA, Succus expressus.
  CIIYLIS'MUS, from ^uAo?, 'juice.'  The act
of expressing the juice of vegetables, Ac.
  CHYLOCYSTIS, Reeeptaculum chyli.
  CHYLODES, Chylous.
  CHYLODIABETES, Chvluria.
  CHYLODIARRHCEA, Coeliac flux.
  CHYLODOCIIIUM, Reeeptaculum chyli.
  CHYLOG'RAPHY, from  XvXos, 'chyle,' and
ypatpn, ' a description.'  A description of the ana-
tomy, Ac. of the chyliferous vessels.
  CIIYLOPOESIS, Chylification.
  CIIYLOPOET'IC,  Chylopoelicns, Chytopoeus,
from xv^°s>  ' cny'e>' and  ttohoj, '  I make.'  Re-
lating to or connected with the formation of chyle.
Chiefly applied to the organs immediately con-
cerned in  it;  as the stomach, intestines, omenta,
and  mesentery.    Assistant  Chylopoetic: — ap-
plied to viscera  which aid in the formation  of
chyle, as the  liver aud pancreas.
   CHYLORRHCEA,  Coeliac  flux —c. Pectoris,
Chylothorax — c. Renalis, Chyluria—c. Urinalis,
Chyluria.
   CHYLOSIS, Chylification.
   CHYLOSTAG'MA   D IAPHORETTC U M
MINDERE'RI.    (xuAo?,  'juice,'  and  orator,  ' I
distil.')  A compound prepared by distilling  the
theriac oyAndromachus, the mithridate o/Damo-
crates, and other  alexipharmics, Ac.  It is nearly
the same  preparation as  the Aqua Theriacu'lis
Bezoar'dica.
   CnYhOTiIO'RAX,Pleurorrhie'achylo'sa,Chy-
lorrhoz'a Pec'toris, Hydrotho'rax chylo'sus ; from
X^Xos, 'chyle,'and Oorpn!;,  'the chest.'—Effusion
of chyle into  the chest, owing to the rupture of a
chyliferous vessel.
   CHYrLOUS, Chylar, Chylo'sus   seu  Chyla'ris,
 Chylo'des, (F) Chyleux, Chylaire.  Relating to
the chyle ; or having  some analogy to  that fluid.
   CHYLU'RIA,  Diabe'tes lac'tens seu chylo'sus,
 Chylodiabe'tcs, Galactu'ria,  Fluxus cceliacns per
 Renes,  Pyu'ria Inc'ten seu Chylo'sa, Ctrliacn ttri-
na'lis seu  renillis, Chylnrrhoe'a urina'lis seu re-
ntllis, from ^«Aoj, ' chyle,' and ovpov, 'urine.' (F.)
 Dinbete chyleux.   A discharge  of milky urine,
without any  apparent lesion of  the  kidneys  or
 bladder.
   CIIY'LUS, Chyle, Decoction, Succns.
   CHYME,  Chymus. xvP">^' 'Ju'ce>' from xvMf ' I
flow.'  The pulp, formed by the food, mixed with
 the supra-diaphragmatic and gastric  secretions,
 after it has been  for some time in  the stomach.
 In this it continues  until it reaches  the biliary
 and pancreatic ducts, which open into the duo-
 denum, where the conversion into chyle occurs,
 which is absorbed by the chyliferous vessels,—the
 excrementitious portion of the food traversing the
 large  intestine to be evacuated per anum.  Cas-
 telli asserts,  that Chyme and Chyle were used in
 an  opposite  sense by the ancients,  to  that ac-
 cepted at present.
   CHYMT, Humours.
   CHYMIA, Chymistry—c. Organica, Chymis-
 try, organic—c. Phannaceutica, see Chvmistry.
   CHYMIA'TER, Chimia'ter, Chemia'ter, from
 Xvpeia  or xnpeta,  ' chymistry,' and tarpos, 'a phy-
 sician,' latro-chr/m'ictts.   A chemical  physician.
    CHYMIATRPA,   Chimiatri'n,  Chemintrla,
 Latro-cheini'n, Medicina spngyr'ica, Ars  Chymi-
 alrica, (F.) Chimidtrie, Chimisme (of some), from
 Xvptia or xvptta, ' chymistry,' and tarptta, ' cure.'
 The art of curing by chemical means. 
CHYMICAL
04
CICERBITA
  CHYMTCAL,  Chem'ical,  Chem'icus, Chemo'-
ticus.   A medicine formed by the aid of chymis-
try, in contradistinction to Galenical.
  CllY'SVICO-IllSTOL'QGY,Chym'ico-histolog'-
ia, Chem'ico-histology.  The doctrine of the or-
ganic chemistry and morphology of tissues.
  CHYMICOPHANTA, Chymist.
  CHYMICUS, Chyinical, Chymist.
  CHYMIE, Chymistry.
  CHYMIFICA'TION,  Chyrnifica'tio,  Chymo'-
sis, from xvr">Si 'juice>' an(I fiacere, 'to make.'
Formation  of chyme.
  CHYMISM, Chymism'tts,  Chemism'us,  (F.)
Chimisme.  The abuse of chymistry in its appli-
cation to the science of organized bodies.   By
some used synonymously with Chymiatria.  Also,
an accouut of  the  chemical phenomena apper-
taining to a function—as the chemismus of respira-
tion.
  CHYA1TST,   Chem'ist,  Chem'icus,  Chymico-
phan'ta, Chym'icus, (F.)  Chimiste ou  Chymiste.
One  acquainted with  chymistry.  In  Great Bri-
tain  it has, also, the signification of "one  who
sells chemicals."
  CHYMISTE, Chymist
  CHY'AITSTRY", Chern'istry, Chemla,  Chymi'a,
Cltimi'a, Chemeiltice, Chemolice, Philosoph'iaper
ignem, Spagy'ria, Pyrotech'nia, Pyrosopllia, Ars
hermelica  seu mago'rum sea separata'ria sou spa-
gyr'ica, Archima'gia,  from %t>/w, 'juice,'or from
Arab, chema, ' a secret'  (F.) Chimie ou Chymie.
A branch  of the natural  sciences, whose object
is to  investigate the nature and properties of
bodies, simple  and  compound, inorganic  and
organized ; and to  study the force or power, by
virtue of which every combination is effected.   It
investigates tbe action between  the integrant mo-
lecules or atoms of bodies.
   Organ'ic Chemistry, Chymi'a organ'ica, Organo-
chemla, is the chymistry of organized substances,
— animal  and  vegetable.   Animal  Chym'istry,
Zoocllemy  or Zooch'ymy, Zoochemla, is the chy-
mistry of substances afforded by the dead or living
animal body.  This branch of chymistry has been
farther subdivided into physiological, when it con-
siders the changes produced in  organized bodies
in health,—pathological, when it regards  those
produced by organic or other diseases.  Anthr-o-
poch'ymy,  Anthropochemla, is  the chymistry of
the human body. Chymistry is called Therapeu'-
tical or Pharmaceutical, Pharmaeo-chymla, Chy-
mi'a  pharmacen'tica, when  it  is engaged in the
analysis of simple medicines;  in improving the
prescribing and preparing of chemical and Galeni-
cal medicines ; in the means of preparing them,
and detecting adulterations, Ac. Hygien'ic Chym'-
istry  is that which is applied to the  means of
rendering  habitations healthy, of analyzing  the
air we breathe, preventing the occurrence of dis-
ease,  pointing out healthy aliments, and apprecia-
ting the influence of professions, Ac, on  the health
of man.  All  these  different  subdivisions,  with
vegetable  chymistry, are, at times, included un-
der the  head  of Medical  Chym'istry, Phytochy-
mistry ; at  others, the term comprehends only the
Animal, Vegetable and Pharmaceutical subdivi-
sions. Vital Chemistry, Biochymla, is that which
is exerted  under the  influence  of vitality.   His-
toch'ymy, Histochemla, Histo-chem'istry,  is  the
chemistry  of  the  tissues, and Phlegmatocllemy,
that of the animal humours, (Lehmann).
   A knowledge of chemistry  is of great importance
to the physician.  Many of the functions are of
a chemical nature : many diseases require a che-
mical mode of treatment;  and,  without an ac-
quaintance with it, two or more substances might
be »iven in  combination, which, by forming  a
chemical union, might give rise to other com-
pounds, possessing very different virtues from the
components taken singly, and thus the prescribcr
be disappointed in the results.
  Chymistry, Animal, see Chymistry — c. Hy.
gienic, see Chymistry—c. Medical, see  Chymis-
try—c. Organic, see Chymistry—c.  Pharmaceu-
tic, see Chymistry — c. Therapeutical, see Chy-
mistry— c. Vegetable, see  Chymistry — c. Vital,
see Chymistry.
  CHYMOCHEZIA, Coeliac flux.
  CIIYAIOPLA'NIA,  (G.)  C hymoplanien,
Dy sch y mosen, from xvu°s> 'Ju'ce>' and nXavri,
'wandering.'   A transposition of secretions : —a
family of diseases in the classification of  Fuchs,
which  includes  icterus,  uroplauia,  menoplania
and galactoplania.
  CHYMORRHCEA, Coeliac flux, Lientery.
  CHYMOSIN,  Pepsin.
  CHYA10SIS, Chemosis, Cbymification.
  CHYAIOUS, Chymo'siis, (F.)  Chymeux.   Re-
lating to, or resembling chyme.
  CHYMOZEMIA, Hvpercrinia.
  CHYTLEN, RADIX. A cylindrical root,bitter
and inodorous, brought from  China.  It  is held
by  the Chinese to be stomachic.—Murray.
  CHY'T'LON, xVT^0V,  from xvw> ' I pour out.'
A liquid formerly used for rubbing the body after
bathing.
  CIBARIUM, Aliment.
  CTBARIOUS, Esculent.
  CIBA'RIUS PANIS, ' Coarse bread.'   Bread
made of second flour.—Celsus.
  CIBA'TIO.  Trophe.   The taking of food.  In
Pharmacy, it is the same as Incorporation.
  CIBUS,  Aliment—c. Albus,  Blancmangcr—c.
Deorum, Asafoetida.
  CICATRICE, Cicatrix.
  CICATRICES OVARIORUM, Stigmata ova-
riorum.
  CICATRIC'ULA.  Diminutive of Cicatrix. A
small cica'trix,  Stigma, (F.) Cicatricule. The
term is, also, applied to a small white  spot, called
the tread, chalaza, chala'zium, observable at the
surface of si fecundated egg.  See Molecule.
  CICATRISAN'TIA,  Epulolica,  Syuuloliea,
Apulolica, Catulolica, Ulot'ica,(F.) Oicatrisants.
Remedies formerly considered to be  capable of
producing cicatrization.
  CICA'TRIX,  Caca'trix, Ule,  Onle, Cie'atrice,
from cacare,  'to conceal,' because it conceals the
the wound.   (F.) Cicatrice.  A scar. A seam,
(Sc.) Arr.  The union of parts, which have been
divided. A scar or formation, of a reddish  colour,
afterwards whitish,  and of variable thickness,
which  takes place at the  surface of wounds or
ulcers after their cure.  A cicatrix may vary much
in shape, consistence, and  thickness.  The cica-
trix of a bone is called Callus.   A vic"ious cica'-
trix, (F.) Cicatrice viciense, is  one which inter-
feres  with  the action  of the parts  on which it
occurs. The scars, (F.) Ooutures, after small-pox,
are called  Pits or Pock-marks,  (Sc.) Pock-urn,
(F.) Coutures par la petite virole.   See Pock-mark.
  Cicatrix Variola,  Pock-mark.
   CICATRIZA'TION,  Oicatrisa'tio, Epulo'sis,
Synulo'sis.  The process by which a cicatrix is
formed.  Every tissue,  except the nails,  epider-
mis, hair,  and enamel  is,  probablj',  capable of
cicatrization.
   CICELY, SWEET,  Chferophyllum odoratum,
Osmorrhiza longistvlis,  Scandix  odorata.
   CICER ARIETI'NUM.   The Cicer plant, Ere-
bin'thus, (F.) Cicirole, Pais  Chiche, Garvance,
Pesette.  The seeds are ground into flour, and
used as bread in some countries.
   Cicer Lens, Ervum lens.
   CI'CERA TAR'TARI.  Small pills of  turpen-
tine and cream of tartar — of the size of  a vetch
or cicer.
   CICERBITA, Sonchus oleraceus. 
CICEROLE              205                 CILIARY
   CICEROLE. Cicer arietinum.
   CICHO'RJUM  ENDIV1A.   The  systematic
name of the Endive, Eudiv'in, Endi'cn, liltiibnm,
In'tybum (Antiq.), Seariola,  lu'tybus horteilsis,
(F.) Chieorie ties Jardins, Scariole.   Ord. Cicho-
raceie.  Sex. Syst. Syngenesia Polygamia aequa-
lis.  It is a  common pot herb,  and is  eaten  as
salad.
   Ckho'rKM In'tybus, Sen's, Seriola,  Iiltnbum
errat'icuin.   The  systematic name of the  Wild
Suc'cory,  Wild Cicllory, Cieh'ory, Chic'ory, Wild
Endive,  Ambulel a,  Ile/iotro'pion,  Cntanan'ce,
Cicho'reum, (F.) Chieorie sauvage.   It  is bitter,
nnd was once given as a tonic.  The root, roasted
and ground, is often used  instead of, or mixed
with, coffee.
   CICHORY, Cichorium intybus—c. Wild, Cicho-
rium intybus.
   CICT, Ricinuscommunis.
   CICINDE'LA,  Lanlpyris  Noctiblca, Nited'-
ula.  The  Glow-worm.   (F.) Ver  luisant.   This
insect was once thought to be anodyne and lithon-
triptic
   CUTS, see Quercus infectoria.
   CICON'GIUS;  an ancient measure, containing
12 pints.
   CICUTA,  Conium maculatum.
   Cicii'ta Aquat'ica, C. viro'sa, Cicuta'ria aqual-
ica, Corittrldr-nm  cicii'ta,  Water Hemlock,  Cow-
bane, (F.)  Cigu'c iti/initique ou  vireuse,  Cicutaire
aqnatiqiie.    Family,  Umbelliferae.   Sex.   Syst.
Pentandria  Digynia.   A  violent  poison,  often
eaten  by  mistake  for  Wild Smallnge, Apium
Griircidcns.  It produces tremors, vertigo,  burn-
ing at the stomach, and all the  symptoms  occa-
sioned by the Nat-cotica-acrid class of poisons.
   ClCu'TA  AIacula'ta,  (F.)  Cigu'c  d'Amirique,
American  water  hemlock,   American   Hemlock,
Snakeweed, Death of man, Wntcr parsley, Poison
root. Wild  Hemlock,   Children's  bane,  Spotted
 Cou-bane, is analogous in botanical character and
medical properties to the European species.  See
Conium maculatum.
   Cicuta AIajor, Conium maculatum—c. Major
fcetida, Conium maculatum—c Stoerkii, Conium
maculatum—c Terrestris,  Conium maculatum—
c. Yirosa, Cicuta  aquatica—c Vulgaris, Conium
maculatum.
   CICUTAIRE AQUATTQUE, Cicuta aquatica.
   CICUTARIA,  Chrcrophyllum  sylvestre —c.
Aquatica, Cicuta aquatica, Phellandrium aquati-
cum—c. Odorata,  Chaerophyllum odoratum.
   CICUTINE, see Conium.
   CIDER, Poma'ceum,  (F.)  Cidre.   This  word
is said  to have been formerly written sidre, and
to have come from Sic'era, ctKtpa, which signifies
any kind of fermented liquor other than  wine.
It  is made from the juice of apples, and,  when
good, is a wholesome drink.
   CIDRE, Cider.
   CIERGE  DE  XOTRE  DAME, Verbascum
thapsus.
   CIGAR', Cigar'ra, (S.) Cigarro, (F.) Cigare.
A small tubular roll of tobacco, used for smoking.
   MciUe"inul or Med'icated  Cigars, (F.) Cigares
Medidnau.c,  are made of dried plants, with,  or
without, the addition of medicinal articles.  When
rolled in paper, they form cigarettes, whieh may
be  used with or without combustion, as in the
case of the  Cigarettes  de  Cnrnphre.   The  Ciga-
rettes arsiuieii/es  de Boudin  are made  of paper
impregnated  with an  aqueous  solution of  arse-
nious acid, or of arseniate of soda, and  dried.
   CIGARETTE,  see  Cigar— c. Arsinicale  de
Boudin, sec Cigar—c. de Camphre, see Cigar.
  CIGARR \, Cigar.
  (TONUS :  an ancient measure, which contained
about two drachms.
   CIGUE AQUA TI QUE, Cicuta aquatica —c.
 d'Ainirique, Cicuta maculata—c. d'Eutt, Phellan-
 drium aquaticum—c. Grande, Conium maculatum
 —c.  Ordinaire, Conium maculatum—c. Officinale,
I Conium—c. Petite, ^Ethusa cynapium—c. Vireuse,
 Cicuta aquatica.
   CIL'IA (singular Ciliurn),  Blcphar'ides,  Epi-
 cce'lides, PHi palpebrarum.  The eyelashes, (6c.)
 Winkers.  The  hairs  on  the  eyelids.   (F.)  Ci/s.
 Their use seems to be, to prevent  the  entrance
 into  the eye of  light bodies  flying in the atmo-
 sphere; and to diminish, in certain cases, the in-
 tensity of light  Also, the tarsi.  Also, a pecu-
 liar  sort of moving  organs,"resembling small
 hairs, vibratory or vi'bratile  cilia, Cilia vibra-
 to'ria, (F.) Gils  vibratils,  which are visible  with
 the microscope  in many animals.  These organs
 are found on  parts of the body which are habit-
 ually in  contact with water, or other more or less
 fluid matters, and produce motion in these fluids,
 impelling them  along the surface of the parts.
 Cilia have been  found to  exist in all vertebrated
 animals  except fishes,  having been discovered on
 the  respiratory,  uterine,  and other  membranes
 of mammalia, birds, and  reptiles.
   The  terms  "vibratory  morion" and  "ciliary
 motion"  have been  used  to  express the pheno-
 mena exhibited by the moving cilia;  and it is pro-
 bable, that this motion is concerned in the pro-
 gression of fluids along the membranes.   As yet,
 tbe motion has only been observed in the direc-
 tion  of  the outlets of canals.
   CILIA IRE, Ciliary.
   CIL'IARY, Cilia'ris, (F.)  Ciliair-e.   Relating
 to the eyelashes, or to cilia.   This epithet  has,
 also, been applied to different parts, which enter
 into  the structure of  the  eye;  from the resem-
 blance  between some of  them  (the ciliary  pro-
 cesses) and the eyelashes.
   Ciliary Ar'teries, Arte'ria cilia'r-es, (F.) Ar-
 teres ciliaires.   These are furnished by the oph-
 thalmic  artery.   They are distinguished into, 1.
 Short or  posterior (Art. rirea/es—Cbanss.) 30  or
 40 in number, which are distributed to the ciliary
 processes. 2. Long, (Art. Iriennes  of  Chauss.,)
 two  in  number, which, by the  anastomoses of
 their branches,  form two  arterial circles at the
 anterior surface of the iris: and, 3. The  anterior,
 Arte'ria cilia'res auterio'res  of Haller, the num-
 ber of which is variable.   These pierce  the scle-
 rotic a few lines from  its  union with the cornea;
 and are principally distributed to  the iris.
   Ciliary Body. Corpus Cih'a're, Nexus  Stamin'-
 eus  Oc'titr, Coro'na  Cilia'ris. Ciliary Disc,  (F.)
 Corps cilia ire.  A ring of the choroid surround-
 ing the crystalline in  the manner of a crown ;
 placed behind the iris  and the ciliary circle.   It
 resembles the disk of a radiated flower, and  is
 formed  by the  union  of  the  ciliary processes.
 See Ciliary Muscle.
   Ciliary Canal, Canal of Fonta'na.   A small,
 extremely narrow circular space, formed between
 the ciliary circle, the cornea, and the sclerotica.
 It can be filled with  injection, and it is  not  cer-
 tain that it is not the cavity of a blood-vessel.
   Ciliary Circle,  Ciliary ligament—c. Disc,
 Ciliary body—c Ganglion, Ophthalmic ganglion.
   Ciliary Lig'ament,  C.   Circle  or  Ring, Liiftt-
 men'tum  seu Instertil'ium cilin're  seu I'ridis,
 Plexus cilia'ris, An'nulus seu Cir-'culns  seu  Or-
 bic'ulns cilia'ris, A. cellulo'sus, Com'missure of
 the Urea, (F.)  Commissure de la Choroide—(Ch.),
 Ligament ou  Cercle ci/iaire,  Cerc/e  de la  Cho-
 roide, Ceinture blanche de  la Choroide. A species
 of greyish ring,  of a  pulpy  consistence, situate
 between  the  choroid,  iris, and  sclerotica.   The
 internal surface  of the  choroid is uniform, until
 it approaches within ten lines and a half of the
 edge of the cornea; here a dentated line is ob- 
CILIATED
206
CINCHONA
served,  termed ora ser-ra'ta.  The outer  surface
presents the an'nulus albidus seu gnnglifornlis,
the anterior edge of which unites  to tbe inner
surface  of the sclerotica and constitutes  the ci7i-
ary ligament.
  Cil'iauy  or  Tarsal  Margin  of  the  eyelids;
(F.) Bord cifiaire.   The edge  in which the cilia
or eyelashes are situate.
  Ciliary AIotion, see Cilia.
  Ciliary  Muscle, Mus'culm  cilia'ris.  The
part of the orbicularis  palpebrarum in the vici-
nity of the  ciliary  margin.  Also,  the  greyish,
semi-transparent  structure  behind  the ciliary
ligament and covering the outside of the ciliary
body.   By  its  contraction  the ciliary processes,
and with them the lens, must  be drawn towards
the cornea.   It appears to be the same muscle as
the Tensor choroidea, Pro'trahens lentis, or cho-
roid muscle of  some anatomists.
  Ciliary Nerves (Nerfs Iriens,—Chauss.), (F.)
Nerfs ciliaires..  These are 12 to 16 in  number.
They arise  from the nasal nerve,  and  particu-
larly  from  the anterior part of the ophthalmic
ganglion ;  and unite in two fasciculi, which pass
around the optic nerve, and pierce the sclerotica
near the  entrance of that nerve into  the  eye.
They are lost in the ciliary ligament. .
   Ciliary Plexus, C. Ligament
   Ciliary  Proc"esses,  Proces'sus seu Rad'ii
seu Stria eilia'res,  (F.) Proces ciliaires, Rayons
sons-iriens — (Ch.).   Triangular  folds,  sixty  or
eighty in number, placed at the side of each other,
and radiating, so as to resemble the  disk  of a
radiated flower.   They are lodged in depressions
at the anterior part of the vitreous humour.  The
uses of these processes are not known.
   Ciliary  Ring, Ciliary ligament.
   Ciliary  String  are  numerous pale,  radiated
 striae in the posterior portion of the Corpus cili-
 are, but so covered by the  Pigmentum nigrum as
 not to be distinctly seen till the paint is removed.
 The ciliary processes are formed by these striae.
   Ciliary  Veins,  (F.)  Veines  ciliaires, follow
 nearly  the  same course  as the arteries.  In  the
 choroid they are  so tortuous, that they have re-
 ceived  the name Vasa vortico'sa.  They open into
 the ophthalmic vein.
   Ciliary  Zone, Zona seu Zo'nnla  seu Lam'ina
 Cilia'ris, Mentbran'ula Coro'na Cilia'ris.  Under
 the corpus  ciliare, the  capsule  of  the  vitreous
 humour sends off an external lamina, which ac-
 companies  the retina, and is  inserted,  with it,
 into the  forepart of the capsule of the lens, a
 little before its anterior edge.  This is the Zonula
 ciliaris, Zonula Ziu'nii  or Zonula  of Zinn, Co-
 ro'na  Cilia'ris, Orbic'ulus Cilia'ris. It is  of a
 striated appearance and circular form, and assists
 in fixing the lens to the vitreous humour.
   CILTATED, Cilia'tus,  (F.) Cilii, from cilia.
 Provided with cilia — as "ciliated epithelium,"
 the epithelium to which  vibratory  cilia are  at-
 tached.
   CILIUM, see Cilia.
   CILLEMENT, Nictation.
   CILLO.   A name given by some authors  to
 those whose upper eyelid  is perpetually tremu-
 lous ;—a trembling, which in some cases is called
 Life's  blood.  "To have life's blood in the eye,"
 in other words, is to have this affection.  Vogel
 calls it Cillo'sis.
   CILLOSIS, Cillo.
    CILS, Cilia—c. Vibratils, see Cilia.
    CIMEX, C. lectula'rites, Acan'thia lectula'ria,
 Koris, Kopts.  The Bug;  Wall, House or Bed Bug
 or Chinche. (F.) Punaise. Six or seven of these,
 given  internally, are said to have prevented ague!
 There is  scarcely anything which is sufficiently
 disgusting, that has not been exhibited for this
purpose, and with more or less success.  The bu3-
has also been esteemed cnnncnagogue.
  CIAHCIFUGA, Actrea racemosa.
  CIMO'LIA PURPURES'CENS, Terra Sapo-
na'ria seu Fullon'ica,  Fuller's Earth.  A  com-
pact bolar earth, employed in the arts.  Used at
times as a cooling application to  inflamed  nip.
pies, Ac.
  Cimo'lia Terra, Cimo'lia alba, Cimo'lus, Swee-
tie, Smectris; from KtpoiXos, an island  in the  Cre-
tan Sea, where it is  procured.   It was  formerly
used  as an astringent, Ac.—-Scribonius Largus,
Pliny.  Probably, the same as the last.
  CINA CINA,  Cinchona—c. Levantica, Arte-
misia Santonica.
  CINABARIS,  Hydrargyri sulphuretum  ru-
bruui.
  CINABARIUM, Hydrargyri sulphuretum ru-
brum.
  CIN'ABRA, Grasus.  The smell of a he-goat.
A rank smell,  like that of  the armpit, Bircui
ala'rum.
   CINARRE,  Hydrargyri  sulphuretum rubrura,
  CIN^EDIA, Masturbation.
  CINARA  IIORTENSIS, Cynara scolymus—c.
Scolymus, Cynara scolymus.
  CINCHO'NA.   So  called  from the Spanish
Viceroy's  lady,  the  Countess de  Cinehon,  who
was cured of fever by it at Lima, about 1638.
Called  also Cortex seu Pulvis Jesuit'icus, Jesuit's
Bark or Powder, Cortex Patrum, because it was
introduced into  Europe by the Jesuits; also Pul-
vis Comitis'sa or the  Countess's Powder, and Car-
dinal del Lugo's Powder, Cortex Cardina'lis de
Lugo, because he introduced it at Rome ; and in
France, Talbor's  Powder and English remedy,
because successfully used  there by  Sir Robert
Talbor, who kept it a secret.  It is the pharnia-
copceial name  of  several kinds of barks  from
various species of Cinchona, from the western
coast of  South America.  Order, Cinchonaceaj.
Sex. Syst. Pentandria Monogynia.  Called, also,
 Cortex, Bark, Peruvian Bark, Cortex China seu
 China,  Chinchi'na,  Palos   de  Calentura, Kina
Kina,  (Rarlc of  Barks,) Kinklna,  Cina Cina,
 Quina  Quina,  Quinquina, Magnum Dei donurn,
 (F.) Quinquina; and in Peru Cascara and  Cas-
carilla.  See Cascara.
   Cinchona Amygdalifolia, see Cinchonae cor-
 difoliae cortex—c. Boliviana,  see Cinchonae  cor-
 difoliae cortex—c.  Calisaya, see  Cinchona) cordi-
 foliae cortex — c. Micrantha, see Cinchonae cordi-
 foliae cortex—c. Officinalis (Cortex Flavus), Cin-
 chonae  cordifoliae  cortex — c. Pallida, Cinchonas
 lancifoliae cortex—c. Ovata, see  Cinchonae cordi-
 foliae cortex — c. Pitaya, Pitaya bark — c. Pubes-
 cens, see Cinchonas  cordifoliae cortex — c. Scro-
 bicula, see Cinchonae cordifolias cortex—c. of Vir-
 ginia, Magnolia glauca.
   Cincho'n^e  Cauibje'je  Cortex, from Exos-
 tem'ma  Cariba'um,  Cariba'an  or Saint Lucia
 Bark,  (F.) Ecorce  de  Saint Lucie,  Quinquina
 Piton,  from Exoste'ma  fioribnnd'um; and the
 Pitaya Bark,  Quinquina bi'color, from an exos-
 tema [?]'or  from strychnos pseudoquina [?], are
 useful substitutes for the cinchona of Peru.  These
 are the  most  important spurious barks.   They
 contain neither quinia nor cinchonia.
   Cinchona Coroifo'li.e Cortex, Cortex flavin,
 Cinchona officina'lis cortex flavus, China re'gia
 seu  Calisay'a,  Cortex China  re'gius seu flavut
 seu  hi tens, Yellow  Royal  or  Calisay'a  Bark,
 (F.) Quinquina jaune ou jaune royal,  Culusuipi.
 Odour aromatic;  taste strong,  bitter, astringent.
 Not rolled; often without  the  epidermis, which
 is  very thick  and inert; light, friable; fracture
 fibrous.  Active principle  Quinia.  The false  or
 spurious Calisaya barks are those of Cinchona 
CINCnONIA
207
CINNAMON
Caliiayn, variety Josephiana;  C.  Boliviano,  C. \\
ovata. variety rufinen is,  called,  in Peru, Cas-
cnrillti Carabayn — the Carabaya  bark of com-
merce ;—of  G. scrobicnlata,  two varieties,  Cusco
burl: and Bark of St. Ann ; of C. puhescens, which
furnishes the Cusco or Arica bark; of C. micran-
tha and of C. amygdalifolia.
  CiNciio.NyE Lani iyo'i.im Cortex, Cortex Peru-
via'nns sell pal' I id us,  Cinchona officina'lis cortex
comma'nis,   Cinchona  pallida, Pale,  Loxa  or
Crown Bark, (F.) Quinquina gris de Loxa,  Quin-
quina  Orange.   Its  odour  is aromatic;  taste
pleasant, bitter,  and astringent.  The pieces  are
rolled  in  double  or  single  quills.   Epidermis
brown,  cracked; fracture resinous.  Internally
of  a cinnamon  colour.   Its active principle is
 Cinchonia.
   CiN'HON^:  Oblongifo'li^:  Cortex,  Cortex
ruber, Cinchona officina'lis cortex ruber, Bed
 Bark, (F.) Quinquina rouge, (Sp.) Cascarilla roxa
 and C. colorada, of S. America.  Odour and taste
 the same as the  pale,  but  more intense: in large
 flat pieces, solid, heavy, dry ; fracture  short  and  P
 smooth; of a  deep  brownish-red  colour.  Al-
 though this  variety  of bark is assigned to the
 Cinchona oblongifolia by some,  it  would seem,
 that nothing is  certainly  Known as  to its source.
 Active principles,  Cinchonia and  Quinia.
   The last  three are the only officinal varieties
 in the Pharmacopoeia of the United States.  There
 are many  other varieties,  however, which are
 genuine  cinchona barks, and yet have not been
 considered worthy of an  officinal  position.   The
 Edinburgh  Pharmacopoeia  admits,  indeed, Cin-  I
 chona cineren, Grey bark,  Silver bark or Huanuco
 or Lima bark, which  is obtained around Huanuco
 in  Peru, and, with the Jaen or Ash bark and the
 Huamilies bark, belongs  to  the class  of pale or
 Loxa barks.  Amongst the genuine but inferior
 barks are those  brought from the northern Atlan-
 tic ports of South America, which, in commerce,
 are variously called Pitaya,  Bogota, Carthagena,
 Maracaybo, and Santa Martha barks.  The Bo-
 gota  is  also  called Fusa gasuga  and Coquetta
 bark.
   All these barks are bitter, astringent, tonic,
 and eminently  febrifuge.  The yellow bark has
 been thought equal to any of the others,  but the
 red contains more active principle.  The discovery
 of their active principles is  one of  the most im-
 portant gifts of modern chymistry.  Still, in per-
 nicious intermittents, the bark, in  substance,  is
 olien demanded.  It is employed in  every disease
 in which there is deficient tone;  but in  cases
 where the  stomach is mucb debilitated, the pow-
 der had better be avoided, in consequence  of the
 woody fibre, which might disagree.  Externally,
 it  is used  in enemata. gargles, Ac, and in gan-
 grenous ulcerations.  When it excites  nausea, an
 aromatic may be added to it; if purging, opium;
 if costiveness, rhubarb, Ac.   Dose, £ss  to £j or
 more.
   Essential Salt op Bark,  as  it is  called, is
 an extract, prepared by  macerating the  bruised
 substance  of bark in cold water, and submitting
 the infusion to a very slow evaporation.
   CINCHONIA,  Cinchonine —c.  Tannate  of,
 Quinbo et cinchonioa  tannas.
   C[SCU<,)S'lCl'SFj,Cinchoniclna,Cinchonic"ia.
 When a salt of cinchonia  is exposed to heat, with
 certain precautions,  the alkaloid  is  changed into
 another, isomeric with itself, to which  this name
 has been given.  Cincbonicine, and its sulphate,
 possess the same medical properties as cinchonia
 and its salts.  Dose,  gr. v. to gr. xv.
   CINCH'ONINE, Cinchoni'na, Cinch'onin,  Cin-
 cho'nia.   The active  principle of Crnchn'na  Ian- I
 ciio'lia.   An organic, crystalline alkali;  of a|
 white colour, and bitter, slightly astringent taste;  ;
very soluble in alcohol and ether, but almost in
soluble in water.
  Sulphate of Cinchonia, which is formed directly
from cinchonia, is soluble in water and  alcohol.
The action of the sulphate of cinchonia is similar
to that of the sulphate of quinia; but it is less
energetic, and consequently requires to be  given
in a larger dose.
  Cinchonine, Tartrate op, see Quinine, tar-
trate of.
  CINCHONISM. Quininism.
  CINCHOT1N,  Quinidia.
  CINCIN'NULUS.  A little lock or curl of hair.
  CTNCIN'NUS.  A curled or frizzled lock.  The
hair on the temples.
  CINC'LICIS,  Cinclis'mus,  'agitation;  rapid
and frequent  motion.'  The  movement of  the
thorax in dyspnoea. — Hippocrates.  It has been
used, also, synonymously with nictation.
  CTNOLISMUS, Cinclisis.
  CINEFACTIO, Incineration.
  C I N E'M A,  Cine'sis, from  Kivtur, 'I move.'
Motion.
  CINERARIA  MARITIMA. Achoavon, Abiat.
  CINERATION, Incineration.
  CINERES CLAVELLATI.  see  Potash — c.
Gravellati,  see  Potash — c.  Russici, Potash  of
commerce.
  CINEREUS, Cineritious.
  C I N E R I T"I 0 U S, Ciner'eus, from cineres,
'ashes:' (F.) Cenelri.  Of the  colour of  ashes.
The cortical substance of the brain, and  the vesi-
cular  neurine in general, have been so called.
See Cortex Cerebri, and Neurine.
  CINESIPATHY, Kinesipathy.
   CTNESIS,  Cinema, Motion.
  CINETH'MICS, from  Kivto,,  'I move.'  The
science of movements in general.
   CINETIC, Motory.
  CINETTCA.  Same etymon.  Diseases  affect-
ing the  muscles, and characterized  by  irregular
action of the muscles or muscular fibres, commonly
denominated Spasm.   The 3d order in  the class
Neurotica of Good.   Also, agents that affect the
voluntary or involuntary motions.—Pereira.
  C1NETUS, Diaphragm.
  CINGULARIA, Lycopodium.
  CTN'GULUM, Zone, from cingo, 'I bind.' (F.)
 Ceinture.  A  cincture.  A girdle.  The part  of
the body,  situato below the  ribs, to which the
girdle is applied.  The waist.   Herpes zoster.
  Cin'gulum Hilda'ni, Zo'nula Hilda'ni, (F.)
 Ceinture de Hildane.  A leathern girdle  formerly
used for the reduction of luxations and fractures
of  the extremities.
  Cin'gulum  Mercpria'le,  C. Sapien'tia  seu
Stultil'ia.   A woollen girdle, containing mercu-
rial ointment.  It was used as an antisyphilitic,
and in diseases of the skin.  (F.) Ceinture de vif
urgent.
   Cingulum Sancti Joannis, Artemisia  vulgaris.
   CIN IN, Santonine.
   CIN IS FiECUM, see Potash — c. Infectorius,
see Potash.
  CINNABAR,  Hydrargyri  sulphuretum  ru-
brum—c. Graecorum, see Calamus rotang.
   CTNNABRE,  Hydrargyri  sulphuretum  ru-
bra m.
  CINNAMOMUM,  Laurus  cinnamomum — c.
Album, Canella Alba—c. Aromaticum, see Laurus
cinnamonium—c. Culilawan, Laurus  Culilawan—
c.  Indicum,  Laurus  cassia — c. Magellanicum,
Wintera aromatica—c  Malabaricum, Laurus cas-
sia— c.  Sylvestre Americanura, Nectandra cin-
namonmides — c. Zeylanicum,   Laurus  cinna-
momum.
  CINNAMON,  see  Laurus  cinnamomum — c.
Malabar, Laurus cassia—c. Wild, Laurus cassia. 
CINONOSI
208
CIRCUMFLEX
  CTNON'OST. from Ktvtor, 'I move,'  and voaos,
'a disease.'   Diseases of motion.
  CINOPER. Hydrargyri sulphuretum rubrum.
  CINOPLANE'SIS, from Ktvtor,  'I move,'  and
xXavnois, 'a  wandering about'   Irregularity of
motion.
  CINQUEFOIL, Potentilla reptans —c. Marsh,
Comarum palustre—c. Norway, Potentilla Nor-
vegica.
  CINZILLA, Herpes zoster.
  CION, Uvula.
  CI'ONIS.   The Uvula.  Also, tumefaction, or
elongation of the uvula; Staphyloelialysis.
  CIONI'TIS, from kiovis, 'the  uvula,' and  if?*,
'inflammation.'    Inflammation  of the  uvula,
Uvuli'tis.
  CIONORRHAPHIA, Staphylorapby.
   CIONOTOME,  from kiuv,  'the uvula,'  and
roprj,  'incision.'   Curved scissors  for cutting off
the uvula.
  CIONOT'OMY,  Cionotom'ia,  from  kiotv,  'the
uvula,'  and  r»y.ri,  'incision.'   Excision of the
uvula when too long.
   CIPIPA, see Jatropha manihot.
   CIRCEA,  Atropa mandragora,  Circasa Lute-
tian a.
   Circe'a Lutf.tia'nA,  Circa'a,  Paris'ian  Cir-
ca'a, from Circe, the Enchantress ; Enchanlers'
Nightshade,   (F.)  Herbe  de  Saint fitienne ou
attx Sorciers. This plant, common in the vicinity
of Paris, was formerly considered  to be resolvent
and vulnerary.  It was also supposed  to possess
wonderful magical  and enchanting properties.
   CIRCTNUS, Herpes zoster.
   CIRCLE,   Circulus—c. Ciliary,  Ciliary liga-
ment—c of  Willis, see Circulus.
   CIRCOCELE, Circosele.
   CIRCOXCISIOX, Circumcision.
   CIRCOXFL EXE, Circumflexus.
   CIRCOXSCRIT, Circumscribed.
   CIR COX VOL UTIOX, Convolution.
   CIRCUIT, Circu'itiis:  in pathological  lan-
guage, generally means 'period,' course.'
   CIRCUITUS, Period, Circuit
   CTR'CULAR, Circuhlr-is,  from circulus, 'a
circle.'  (F.) Circulaire.   Having the  form of
a circular;  as Circular Amputation, Ac.
   The  French use the expression  "  Une circu-
laire," for a turn of a  bandage around any part
   Circular Sinus of  Ridley, Sinus coronarius.
   CIRCULA'TION,   Circuhltio,  Cyclophor'ia,
 Cyclo'sis, Periodus san'guinis, from circulus, 'a
circle;' or rather, from circum, 'around,'and ferre,
latum,  'to  carry.'   (F.)  Circulation.  Physiolo-
gists give this name to the motion of the blood
through the different vessels of the hody—sangui-
tnotirm; — to that function, by which the blood,
setting out from the left ventricle of the heart, is
distributed  to every part of the body by the ar-
teries;— proceeds  into the veins, returns  to the
heart, enters the right auricle, and passes into the
corresponding ventricle, which  sends  it  into the
pulmonary artery to be distributed to  the lungs,
whence it issues  by the  pulmonary  veins, and
passes into the left auricle.   From this  it is sent
into the left ventricle, and is again distributed by
means of the arteries.
   Circui.a'tion, Cap'illary, C.desParenchymes,
is that which takes place in the capillary vessels;
and is. in some  measure, independent of the ac-
tion of the heart.  See Capillary Vessels.
   Circulation. Pulmon'ic or lesser, is the cir-
 cle from the right to the left side of the heart by
 the  lungs. — The  greater or  systematic  or
 BYSTEm'ic is that through the rest of the system.
   CIRCULATOIRE, Circulatory.
   CIRCULATOR. Charlatan.
   CIR'CULATORY, Cireulato'rius, (F.) Circula-
toir-e ; same etymon as circulation.  Relating to
the circulation of the blood;— sanguinm'tory.
  CIR'OULES.   A  circle  or ring:  Cyelus, Cl-
rios, (F.) Cerde.  Any part of the body which is
round or annular, as Cir'culus Oc'uli— the globe,
bulb, or orb ofi the eye.—Ilippocr., Galen.   It is,
also, applied to objects, which by no means  form
a circle, — as to the Circle of  Willis,  Cir'cnltti
arterio'sus  Willis'ii, (F.)  Ilexagoue artirielle,
which is an anastomotic circle at tbe base of the
brain, formed  by the anterior and the  posterior
cerebral arteries and the communicating arteries
of Willis.
  Circulus Arterio'sus  I'ridis.   The artery
which runs round the iris, and forms a circle.
  Circulus Arteriosus Willisii, Circle of Wil-
lis, see Circulus — c. Ciliaris, Ciliary ligament —
c. Membranous, Hymen.
  Cir'culus Callo'sus Halleri.  Te'ndo cordis
veno'sus.  The  fibro-cartilaginous rings, around
the auriculo-ventricular  openings of  the heart,
to which the  tricuspid and  mitral valves are at-
tached.
  Circulus Quad'ruplex; a kind  of bandage
used by the ancients.
  Circulus Tonsilla'ris.  A plexus formed by
the tonsillitic branches of the glosso-pharyngeal
nerve around the base of the tonsil.
  Circulus ArExo'sus, Figu'ra veno'sa, Vena seu
Sinus termiua'lis.   The venous circle in the em-
bryo, which bounds the Area Vasealosti or Vascu-
lar Area.
  Cir'culus  A'eno'sus Are'oljE.  The venous
circle, formed by the union of tbe veins around
the nipple.  It embraces, however, only two-thirds
of the circuit.
  CIRCUMAGENTES, Oblique muscles of the
eye.
  CIRCUMCAULALIS   MEMBRANA,   Con-
junctiva.
  CIRCUMCISIO,  Circumcision — c.  Fcemina-
rum, see Circumcision.
  CIRCUMCIS'ION, Circumcis'io,  Posthet'omy,
Pracis'io seu Abscis'io Prapu'tii, Circnmcisn'rn,
Circumsec'tio,  Perilome, from  circum,  ' around,'
and cadere,' to cut'  (F.)  Circoncision.  An an-
cient operation, performed  by some nations as a
religious ceremony.  It consists in removing cir-
cularly  a portion  of the prepuce of infants;—a
custom,  which was probably suggested with a
view to  cleanliness.  In cases of extraordinary
length of prepuce, or when  affected with disease,
the operation is  sometimes undertaken by sur-
geons.   A similar operation is performed, amongst
the ^Egyptians, Arabians, and  Persians, on the
female,  Circumcis'io ficemriia'rnm, by removing a
portion  of  the nympha?, and at times the clitoris.
   CIRCUMCISURA, Circumcision.
   CIRCUMDUCTS, Perisphalsis.
   CIRCUMDUCT10XIS   OPIFEX,  Obliquus
superior oculi.
   CIRCUMFLEX,  Circumflex'us, from circum,
'around,'  and fiexus, 'bent'   (F.)  Circonflexe,
Curved  circularly.  A  name given  to  several
organs.
   Circumflex or Artic'ular  Ar'teries  of the
arm are distinguished  into anterior- and poste-
rior.  They arise from the  axillary, and are dis-
tributed around the shoulder.
   Circumflex Arteries of toe Thigh are dis-
tinguished into external and internal.—A.  Suits-
troehantiriennes—Ch.  They are given off from
the Profunda, and  surround the head of the thigh
bone.
   Circumflex Muscle, Circumflexus Mns'culus,
 C. Pala'ti Mollis. Tensor- Pala'ti, Peristnphyli'nut
exter'nus seu inferior, Spheno-salpingo-stajrhyli'•
ruts seu Staphyli'nus exter'nus,  Mus'culits tubes
nova,  Pala'to-salpingeus,   Pter'yyo-stajJtyli'nus, 
CIRCUMFORANEOUS        209             CITREOLUS
Petrosal pin'gn-staphyli'nits, Spheno-pter'ygo-pa-
luti'iiits,  Salpirigo-stapltyli'nus,  (F.)  Palato-sal-
pingien.   A muscle, which arises from the spi-
nous  process  of  the sphenoid  bone, and  is in-
serted into the velum pendulum palati.  Its use is
to stretch the  velum.
   Circumflex Nerve, Axillary Nerve.
   Cim i'mfi.ex Veins follow the arteries.
   CIRCUMFORANEOUS, Charlatan.
   CIRCUMFU'SA.  Hall6 has thus designated
the first class of subjects that belong to Hygiene
— as atmosphere,  climate, residence, Ac;  in
short, every thing which acts  constantly on man
externally and internally.
   CIRCUMGYRATIO, Vertigo.
   CIRCUMLIGATURA, Paraphimosis.
   CIRCUML1T"I0, from circumlino, 'I  anoint
 nil  over.'  Perich'risis,  Perichris'ton. A term
 formerly  used for liniments,  but  especially for
 those applied  to the eyelids.
   CIRC U MOSS ALE,  Periosteum.
   CIR'CUMSCRIBED, Circumscrip'tus, (F.) Cir-
 conscrit.  A term applied, in  pathology, to tu-
 mours, which are distinct at their base from the
 surrounding parts.
   CIRCUMSECTIO, Circumcision.
   CIRCUA1VALLAT.E PAPILLA, see Papillae
 of the Tongue.
   CIRE, Cera.
   CIRE JAUXE ET BLANCHE,  Cera flava
 et alba—c. des Oreilles, Cerumen.
   CIRIOS, Circulus.
    CI RON, Acarus, Psora.
   CIRRHAGRA, Plica—c. Polonorum, Plica.
   CIRRHON'OSUS;  from Kippos,  'yellow,' and
 voaos, ' disease.'   A disease of the foetus, in which
 there is a yellow coloration of the serous mem-
 branes.—Siebenhaar.
    CIRRHOSE, Cirrhosis—c. du Foie, Cirrhosis.
    CIRRHO'SIS, Kirrho'sis,  Cirrhono'sis, Kir-
 rhono'sis, (F.) Cirrhose, from Kippos, 'yellow.'  A
  yellow colouring matter,  sometimes  secreted  in
  the tissues,  owing to a  morbid process.  Also,
  called Cirrho'sis or Kirrho'sis.
    Cirrho'sis  Hep'atis,  see Hepatatrophia.
  Gran'ulttted,  grailular,  mam'miUated,  tuber'cil-
  iated, and hob-nailed liver, (F.) Cirrhose du Foie.
  It appears to be dependent upon repletion of the
  terminal  extremities  of  the  biliary  ducts  with
  bile, along with  atrophy  of the intervening pa-
  renchyma.  Hence the liver is smaller in  size, or
  atrophied.
    Cirrhosis  Hepatis, see Cirrhosis.
    Cirrhosis  of the Lung, Cirrho'sis pulmo'num.
  Dr. Corrigan has  described a condition  of the
  lung under this name, the general character  of
  which he considers to be a tendency to  consoli-
  dation or contraction of the pulmonary tissue,
  with dilatation of tbe bronchial tubes.
    Cirrhosis Pulmonum, C. of the Lung.
    CIRRHOTTC, Cirrholicus.   Same etymon as
  cirrhosis.  Affected with, or having the character
  of cirrhosis.
    CIR'SIUAI ARVEN'SE,  Car'duus hemorrho-
  ida'lis,  Ceano'thos, (F.)  Chardon hemorrhoidal.
  A common plant used in France, in the  form of
  cataplasm in  hemorrhoids;   and worn  as  an
  amulet.
    Ciusium AIaculatum,  Carduus marianus.
    CIRSOCE'LE, Circoce'le,  Cirsos'cheum,  from
  Kipaos, ' varix,' and KnXn, ' hernia ;'  Var'icose Her'-
  nia.  The greater part of authors have employed
  the term synonymously  with  Varicocele.  Pott
  gives it  a different signification.   Varicocele, he
  calls the tumour formed by the veins of the scro-
  tum ;  Cir-cocele,  Funic'ultts varico'sus, the vari-
  cose dilatation of the spermatic veins.  The scro-
  tum feels as if it  contained  earthworms.  It  is
        U
commonly an affection of no  consequence,  de-
manding merely the use of a suspensory bandage.
  CIRSOI'DES,  Cirso'des, from  Kipaos,  ' varix,'
and ttSos, 'resemblance.'  Varicose, or resembling
a varix.  Rufus of Ephesus, according to James,
applies this term to the upper part  of the brain,
as well as to  the spermatic vessels.
  CTRSOM'PHALUS, from  Kipaos, 'varix,'  and
optpaXos, 'navel.'  Varicose dilatation of the veins
surrounding the navel.  The term has, likewise,
been applied  to the  aneurismal dilatation of the
arteries of that region ; called also,  Varicomph'-
alus, (F.) Hargne anivrysmale, Aneurismal Hernia.
   CIRSOPHTHAL'MIA,  Cirsophthalmus,  Te-
langiectasia  oculi,  from Kipaos, 'varix,'  and o<p-
SaXpos, 'the  eye;'  Var'icose ophthalmia, Oph-
thalmia  varico'sa,  Varicos'itas conjunctiva.  A
high  degree  of ophthalmia, in which the vessels
of the conjunctiva are considerably injected.
   CIRSOSCHEUM, Cirsocele.
   CIRSOT'OMY, Cirsotom'ia, from  Kipaos, 'va-
rix,' and  ropn, 'an  incision.'   Any operation for
the removal  of varices by incision.
   (TRSUS,  Varix.
   CIRSYDROSCHEOCE'LE, from  Kipaos, 'va-
rix,'  'vSwp, 'water,' oaxtov, the 'scrotum.'  A'ari-
 cocele with water in the scrotum.
   ClSEAU  (¥.), Forfex.  An instrument,  com-
 posed of a flattened rod of  metal, sharpened at
 one extremity, and  used  in  anatomical  prepara-
 tions, and in certain surgical operations, for di-
 viding bones.
   CISEA UX, Scissors.
   CISSA, Malacia.
   CISSAM'PELOS CAPEN'SIS, Nat. Ord. Me-
 nispermacese, grows in almost every mountainous
 part of the Cape of Good Hope. The root is used
 as an emetic and cathartic by the Boers.
   Cissampelos Glaberhima, see Pareira brava
 —c  Pareira, Pareira brava.
   CISSARUS, Cistus Creticus.
   CISSI'NUM, from Ktaoos, 'ivy.'  Name  of a
 plaster of ivy, used in wounds of  the nerves or
 tendons.—Paulus of JEgina.
   (TSSOIDES, Capreolaris.
   CTSSOS, Hedera helix.
   CISTERN, LUMBAR, Reeeptaculum chyli.
   CISTER'NA, from Ktarr,,  (L.) Cistn,  'a chest.'
 (F.)  Citerne.  This  term has been applied to va-
 rious parts of the body, which serve as reservoirs
 for  different fluids.  The  fourth ventricle of the
 brain has been so called.—Arantius.
   Cisterna  Chyli, Reeeptaculum chyli.
   CISTHORUS, Cistus Creticus.
   (TSTOCELE, Cvstocele.
   CISTUS  CANADENSIS, Helianthemum Ca-
 nadensis.
   Cistus Cre'ticus, C. salvifio'lius seu tau'ricus,
 Cis'thorus,   Cis'sarus, Dorycin'ium,  Gum  Cistus.
 Ord.  Cystineas;  Sex. Syst. Polyandria Mono-
 gynia.  The systematic name of the plant whence
 the Labda'num, Labda'men or Lada'num, Gum'mi
 Labda'num, is obtained.  Lada'num is a gum-
 resinous substance,  of  a very agreeable smell,
 found in the shops in great masses.   Its colour is
 blackish-green; taste, warm  and bitter.  It is
 but little used now.  Formerly, it was a compo-
 nent of warm plasters, and  was prescribed inter-
 nally as a stomachic  Ladanum is also obtained
 from Cistus  ladanif'erus, and C. laurifo'lius.
   Cistus, Gum, Cistus Creticus — c Salvifolius,
 C. Creticus—c Tauricus, C.  Creticus.
   CITERNE LOMBAIRE, Reeeptaculum chyli.
   CITHARUS, Thorax.
   CITRAGO, Melissa.
   CITRARIA, Melissa.
   CITRAS  CHINICUS, Quiniae citras.
   CITREA  AIALUS, see Citrus medica.
   CITREOLUS, Cucumis sativus. 
CITRIC  ACID
210
CLAP
  CIT'RIC ACID, Ac"idum cit'ricum, Ac"idum
Limo'nis, Acid of Lemons, Ac"idum  Li mo'num,
(F.)  Acide citrique.   This acid is found in  the
lemon, orange, Ac.  It is  in rhomboidal prisms,
which  slightly effloresce on exposure to the  air.
It dissolves in a twelfth part of its weight in
boiling water, and has an extremely  acid  but
agreeable taste.   It is employed in medicine as
antiseptic, refrigerant and diuretic.   Rubbed up
with sugar  and with a little of the  essence of
lemon, it forms the dry Lemonade, (F.) Limonade
slche.
  CITRINE OINTMENT, Unguentum hydrar-
gyri nitratis.
  CTTROX, see Citrus medica—c. Tree, see Ci-
trus  medica.
  CITRONELLE, Artemisia abrotanum, Me-
lissa.
  CITRONNADE, Lemonade.
  CITROUILLE, Cucurbita.
  CITRUL, SICILIAN, Cucurbita citrullus.
  CITRULLUS, Cucurbita citrullus.
  Citrullus  Ama'rus.  An African plant, Ord.
Cucurbitaceae, called by the Boers Bitterappel or
 Wiltl  Watermelon, the pulp of which,  like that
of colocynth, is a drastic cathartic.
  Citrullus Colocynthis, Cucumis colocynthis.
  CITRUS, see  Citrus  medica — c.  Acida,  see
Lime.
  Citrus Auran'tium. The systematic name of
the  Orange  Tree,  Auran'tium, A. Hispalen'se,
Mains Auran'tia, Mains Auran'tia major seu  vul-
ga'ris, Auran'tium  vulga're,  Citrus vulga'ris.
 Ord. Aurantiaceae.   Sex. Syst. Polyadelphia Ico-
sandria.  The fruit are called Mala Au'rea, Chry-
some'lia, Neran'tia, Martin'na Poma, Poma  Au-
ran'tia seu Chinerlsia,  Auran'tia  Curassav'ica,
 Oranges.   The  Flowers of the  Orange, Flares
Napha, are highly  odoriferous,  and used as a
perfume.   On distillation,  they yield  a small
quantity of essential oil—O'leum Attran'tii, Oleum
seu  Essen'tia  Nero'li,—with spirit and water, the
Aqua  Florum Aurarltii, Auran'tii fioris aqua,
 Aqua  aurantii, Orange-flower water.  They were
 once used in convulsive and epileptic  cases.  The
 leaves, Fo'lia Aurarltii, have a bitterish taste,
 and furnish an essential oil.  They have been
 used for tbe  same purposes as the flowers.   The
 yellow rind  of the  fruit, Aurarltii Cortex (Ph.
 U. S.), Citrus Bigara'dia  (Ph. L.), Bigarade' or
 Bitter Orange, Orange Peel, is an aromatic bitter,
 and is used in dyspepsia, and where that class of
 remedies is required.  The Juice, Suceus Auran'-
 tii,  Orange juice, is a grateful acid, and  used as
 a beverage in febrile  and scorbutic affections.
   Citrus Bergamia,  Citrus  melia rosa — c. Bi-
 garadia,  see  Citrus  aurantium — c.  Decumana,
 Shaddock—c. Limetta, see  Citrus melia rosa—c.
 Limonum, C.  medica.
   Citrus Med'ica, C. Lrmo'num. The systematic
 name of the  Lemon  Tree.  The  Lemon, Linton
 (Ph. U. S.), Limo'num Malum seu Racca, Mains
 Jled'ica, M.  Limo'nia Ac"itla,  Lirnon,  Cilrett,
 Mains, Citrus, (F.) Citron, Cidrat, has a fragrant
 odour, depending upon  the essential oil, O'leum
 Limo'nis,  of  the  rind.  The outer rind,  Cortex
 Limo'num,  Limo'nis  Cortex (Ph. U. S.), Lemon
 Peel,  Zest, Flave'do Corticitm Citri, is used in the
 same  cases as the Cortex Auran'tii.
   The juice,  Suceus  Limo'nis, Limo'num Succns
 (Ph. L.),  (F.) Sue du Limon, Sue de  Citron, is
 sharp, but gratefully acid, the acidity depending
 upon  the citric acid it contains, and is given as a
 refrigerant beverage in febrile  affections.   In
 doses of half an ounce to an  ounce, three times a
 day, it has appeared  to exert a markedly sedative
influence on tbe circulation, and has boon given,
apparently with benefit, in acute rheumatism and
rheumatic gout.  Alone, or combined with wine,
it is prescribed in scurvy, putrid sore throat, Ae.
Its  general properties are  refrigerant and anti-
septic.  Sweetened and diluted, it forms Lemon.
atle.   Artificial lemon-juice is made by dissolving
an ounce of citric acid in fourteen fluidounces of
water; adding a few drops of essence of lemon.
  Lemonpeel tea, or water,  is made by paring the
rind of one lemon, previously rubbed with half an
ounce of sugar: the peelings and sugar are then
put into a jar,  and a quart of boiling water  is
poured over them.  When  cold, the fluid must be
poured off, and a tablespoonful of lemon juice be
added.
  It is an agreeable drink  in fevers.
  Cilron Tree is likewise  considered  to  belong
to the same species—Cilrus Med'icn.  Its fruit
is called cedrome'la.  It is larger and less succu-
lent than the  lemon.   Citron juice, when sweet-
ened  with sugar, is called  by  the Italians Agio
di Cedro.
  Citrus Mella  Rosa of De  Lamarck, another
variety  of Citrus Medica, affords the Bergamote,
as also do Citrus Limelta and  C. Berga'rnia.
  Citrus Vulgaris, Citrus aurantium.
  CITTA, Malacia.
  CITTARA, MINERAL  WATERS OF.  These
springs  are in the Isle of Ischia,  near the sea.
They contain carbonate and sulphate of lime, and
chloride of sodium.  Their temperature  is 100°
Fahrenheit.
  CITTOS, Hedera helix.
  CITTOSIS, Chlorosis, Malacia.
  CIVETTA, Zib'ethum, Civ'et, (F.) Civette. An
unctuous perfume, of  a very penetrating odour,
obtained from different mammalia of the Vivclrn
kind, particularly  from  Viver'r-a  civet'ta.  It  ia
contained  in  a fold of the skin, situate between
the anus and the organs of generation.
  CLABBER, Bonnyclabber.
  CLABBERGRASS, Galium  verum.
  CLADES  GLANDULARIS, Plague.
  CLADISCOS, Ramusculus.
   CLADONIA ISLANDICA,  Lichen islandicus.
   Clado'nia  Rangifer'rina.   The ancients re-
garded  this European plant as pectoral and sto-
machic.  It enters into the composition of the
Pouelre de Chypre.
   CLADOS, Ramus.
   CLADRAS'TIS TINCTO'RIA,  Virgil'ia Yd-
 low Ash, Fustic Tree,  Yellow  Ijocust.  An indi-
genous tree, which flourishes  from Kentucky  to
 Alabama.  Tbe bark of the tree  and the rootj
 are cathartic.
   CLAI RET, Claret.
   CLAIRVOYANCE (F.),   'Clear-seeing.'   A
 clearness of sight, said to be communicated by
 animal magnetism, which not only enables the
 magnetized  person to see in  the  dark,  through
 stone walls, Ac, but  even to  observe prospects,
 which  he has  never  seen previously, whilst  he
 may fancy he is flying in the air.  It need hardly
 be said,  that the  possession  of such powers U
 fabulous.
   CLAAIAIY, Vis'cidus, Glutino'sus, (F.) Pdteur,
 (D.)Kinm, 'moist' Viscous; glutinous. Aclamniy
 mouth,  (F.) Bonche pdteuse, is  one that is covered
 with a  mucous coat.
   Clammy Weed, Polanisea graveolens.
   CLAMOR, Cry.
   CLANGOR, Oxyphonia.
   CLAP, Gonorrhoea impura. 
CLAP1ER               21
  CLAPTER fF.).  A clapper, Latib'ulum, from
KXtnrtiv, 'to conceal.'  A purulent foyer of  dis-
ease;  concealed in the flesh or under the skin.
See Sinus.
  CLAPWORT, Orobanche Americana.
  CLA QUEMEXT, Odontosynerismus.
  CLARENDON,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.
Mild acidulous springs in Vermont; temperature
from  48° to 54° Fahr.   The gas, given off from
the water, consists of carbonic acid, oxygen, and
nitrogen.   The springs  have a reputation in cu-
taneous diseases, chronic bronchitis, Ac.
  CLAR'ET, (Vin clair [?] ), Clare'turn, Vin de
 Bordeaux,  (F.) Clairet.  A pleasant French wine,
which may be used whenever wine is required.
Also, a wine  impregnated with  spice  and sugar,
 called likewise Vinum Hippocralicum seu Medi-
 ca'tum, Potns Hippocral icus, Hip'pocras, Hyp' -
 pircras. Schroder speaks of a Clare'turn alterans,
 and a C. purgans.
   CLARETA, Albumen ovi.
   CLARETUM, Claret
   CLARIFICA'TION, Clarifica'tio, Depura'tion,
 from darns, 'clear,' and fiacio, 'I make.'  A phar-
 maceutical operation, which consists in separating
 from a liquid every insoluble substance, held  in
 suspension by it,  that  affects  its transparency.
 Decanting  and filtering  are the  operations neces-
 Bary  for this purpose.
   CLARY, COAEMON, Salvia sclarea.
   CLASIS, Fracture.
   CLASMA, Fracture.
   CLASS, Clas'sis, (F.) Classe.  An  assemblage
 of a certain number of objects.  In Natural His-
 tory and in Medicine, a group of  objects or  indi-
 viduals having one or more common  characters.
 The  classes  are divided into orders,  the orders
 into genera, the genera into species, and these last
 into varieties.
   CLASSIFICATION, Classified tiofromclassis,
 'a class,'and fiacio, 'I make.'   The formation of
 classes.  A methodical distribution of  any objects
 whatever into classes, orders, genera, species, and
 varieties.   See Nosography, and Nosology.
   CLASSY,  MINERAL WATERS OF.  Classy
 is near Laon in  Picardy, France.  The waters
 are chalybeate.
   CLAUDICATIO,  Claudication — c.  Anatica,
 Yacillatio.
   CLAUDICATION, Claudica'tio, from claudi-
 care, 'to be lame.'  The act of halting or limp-
 ing.   Lameness,  (Prov.) Hirpling,  Clau'ditas,
 Cholo'uis,  Cholei'a, Cholo'ma, (P.) Claudication,
 Boitement, Boiterie.   This condition  does not
 constitute any special disease, but is produced by
 different causes or affections.   It may be the
 result of the shortening or elongation of one of
 tbe lower limbs, of ankylosis of the joints, palsy
 of  the muscles, pain, Ac.
   CLAUDITAS,  Claudication.
   CLAUSTRUAI  GUTTURIS, Isthmus of the
 fauces—c. Palati, Velum pendulum  palati — c.
 Virginitatis,  Hymen.
   CLAUSU'RA,  from  claudere, 'to  shut'  An
 imperforation of any canal or cavity.
   Ci.vusu'ra Uteri.  Preternatural  imperfora-
 tion of the uterus.
  CLAVA  RUGOSA, Acorus calamus.
  (7..1 YALTER  A FEUILLES DE FREXE,
Xnnthoxylum clava llerculis.
  CLAYA'RIA  CORALLOI'DES,   Corallo'ides
Fungus,  Coralwort.   Ord.  Fungi,   (clava, 'a
knotty branch, a club.')   Said to be corroborant j
and astringent.  A kind of clavaria,  called  (F.) !
1                   CLEF
Digital blanc,  Digital  humain, Champignon de
Vajrpareil des fractures, formed  of digitations,
grouped  together, and  two or three  inches in
length, is said to have been often found, formerly
at the Hotel Dieu of Paris, on the splints of white
wood used  in  the  treatment of fractures, in au-
tumn.—H.  Cloquet.
   CLAVATIO, Gomphosis.
   CLAVEAU, Murr.
   CLA VELEE,  Murr.
   CLAVES CALVARL&, Wormiana Ossa.
   CLAVICLE, Clavis,  Clavic'ula,  Clavie'ulus,
Lig'nla,  Fur'cula,  Os Jug'uli, Jug'ulum,  Cleis,
Clei'dion, from clavis,  'a key,'  (F.)  Clavicule.
The collar-bone, (Old Eng.) Cannelbone, Channel-
bone,  (Sc.) Cannelbayne,  Cragbane,  Halsbane.
The clavicle is shaped  like tbe letter  S, and is
placed transversely at the upper part of the tho-
rax.   It is articulated, at one extremity, with the
sternum; at the other with the acromion process
of the scapula.  It  gives attachment,  above, to
the  Sterno-cleido  mastoideus; below, to the Sub-
clavius; before, to the Pectoralis major and Del-
toides  ;  and behind, to  the Trapezius.  It serves
as a point of support for the muscles of the arm,
and protects the vessels and  nerves passing to
that extremity.
   The fibres, connecting tbe lamellas or plates of
bones, have also been called Clavic'uli or A'ails.
   CLAVICULAR,  Clavicuhlris,  (F.)  Clavicu-
laire ; same etymon.  Relating to the clavicle or
collar-bone.
   Clavicular Nerves, ATervi clavicula'rcs.
Branches of the fourth  cervical nerve, which are
distributed  to the clavicular region.
   CLAVICULE, Clavicle.
   CLAVICULI, see Clavicle.
   CLAVIS, Clavicle, Key—c. Anglica, Key.
   CLAVUS.  A nail.  Helos,  Gomphos, (F.)
 Clou.  This word is employed in  medicine  in
various  senses.  It means, 1. A Corn, from its
resemblance to the  head of a nail.  2. Certain
condylomatous excrescences of the uterus.  3. A
callous tumour, which forms on the white of the
eye, and resembles a nail, the Clavus Oc'uli, (F.)
 Clou de  losil.   This last, by some, is considered
to be  synonymous with staphyloma; by others,
with staphyloma of  the cornea.  Also, the penis.
   Clavus   Hyster'icus, Monopa'gia,  Monope'-
gia, (F.) Ciou  Hystirique.  An acute  pain, con-
fined to a small point of the head, described by
the sick  as  resembling that which would be pro-
duced  by a nail driven into  the  head.  It has
been particularly noticed in hysterical females ;—
hence  its name.  It is  called  Ovum hyster'icum,
when  the pain occupies a greater extent.
   Clavus  Secalinus, Ergot—c. Secalis, Ergot—
c. Siliginis, Ergot
   CLEANSINGS, Lochia.
   CLEAR-SEEING, Clairvoyance.
   CLEARWEED, Pilea pumila.
   CLEA\TAGE, from Anglo-Saxon  cleoran, 'to
split'  The natural  line of separation  exhibited
by certain  substances, as minerals, when sub-
jected to mechanical force.  The term  has been
applied to the separation of muscles  into longitu-
dinal  and  circular striae, when mechanical vio-
lence is  used.
   CLEA\rERS, Galium aparine.
   Cleavers' Bees,  Galium aparine.
   CLEAYEWORT,  Galium verum.
   CLEF, Key — e. du Crane, Wormiana ossa —
c. de Gareri'/cot, Key — c. a Noix, see Key — c. et
Pivot,  see Key—c. d Pompe, see Key. 
CLEFT                 212                CLIMATE
  CLEFT, Rima,  see  Monster — c. Palate,  see
Harelip.
  CLEIDAGRA, Cleisagra.
  CLEIDION, Clavicle.
  CLEIDO-COSTAL, Costo-clavicular.
  CLEI'DO-MASTOI'DEUS.  Albinus thus  de-
signates the posterior portion of the sterno-cleido-
mastoideus, which be considers a separate muscle.
It has been corrupted into elino-mastoideus.
  CLE IS,  Clavicle, Key.
  CLEIS'AGRA,  Cleid'agra,  from KXets, 'the
clavicle,' and aypa, ' a  seizure.'  Gout in  the
clavicle.—A. Pare.
  CLEITHORION, Clitoris.
  CLEITHORIS, Clitoris.
  CLEITORION, Clitoris.
  CLEITORIS, Clitoris.
  CLE'MATIS, from KXnpa, KXnparos, 'a branch
of a vine, a tendril.'  A genus  of plants in  the
Linnsean system.
  Clematis Daphnoides Major, Vinca minor—
c. Corymbosa, C. erecta.
  Clematis  Erect'a, C. recta  seu corymbo'sa,
Clematitis  erec'ta,  Flam'inula  Jovis,  Upright
Virgin's Rower,  (F.) Climatite  droite.   Order,
Ranunculacese.  Sex. Syst. Polyandria Polygynia.
The leaves contain an acrid principle.  They have
been esteemed anti-venereal; and, in  the form
of powder, have been used as an escharotic
  Clematis Flammula, see C. vitalba—c. Recta,
C. erecta—c. Sepium, C. Vitalba—c. Viorna,  see
C. Vitalba—c. Virginica, see C. Vitalba.
  Clematis Vital'ba, C. se'pium seu sylves'tris,
Vitalba,   Vior'lra, Atra'geue,  Traveller's Joy,
Common Virgin's  Bower, (F.)  Climatite, Herbe
aux gueux, Aubevigne.  It has been used in  the
same cases as  the former.  In infusion it  has
been applied in cases of itch.
  The leaves of Clematis Crispa—c. Flam'mula,
sweet-scented Virgin's bower—c. Virgin'ica, com-
mon Virgin's bower—and c. Vior'na, Leather-
flower,  have similar properties.
   CLEMATITE, Clematis vitalba —c. Droite,
Clematis recta.
  Clematitis Erecta, Clematis erecta.
  CLEOAIE  PENTAPHYLLA,  Gynandropsis
pentaphylla.
  CLEO'NIS COLLYR'IUM.   A collyrium  de-
scribed by Celsus, composed of equal parts of
Samian earth, myrrh, and thus mixed with white
of egg:  called doubtless after its inventor.
   Cleonis Gluten.  An astringent formula of
myrrh, frankincense, and white of egg.
  CLEP'SYDRA. from KXtirrur, 'I conceal,'  and
'vSurp, ' water.'  An instrument contrived by  Pa-
racelsus to convey fumigation to the uterus.
   CLEPTOMANIA, Kleptomania.
   CLETHRA ALNIFO'LIA, Sweet pepper-bush,
 White  alder;  indigenous.   Order,  Ericaceae.
The leaves and flowers are diaphoretic  and ex-
citant.
   CLETORIS, Clitoris.
   CLEVES, MINERAL WATERS OF.  This
spring is a quarter of a league from  Cleves, in
Westphalia.   It contains carbonate and sulphate
of iron.
   CLICKING, see Rdle sibilant.
   CLIDER, Galium aparine.
   CLIFFORT'IA  ILICIFO'LIA.  Ord.  Rosa-
ceae.   A common South African plant, used by
the Boers  as an emollient expectorant in catarrh.
   CLIFTON, CLIMATE  OF.  The vicinity of
 Clifton and  of  Bristol,  England, appears to be
the mildest  and  driest  climate in the west of
England; and, consequently, the best winter re-
sidence, in that part of the country, for invalids,
It is, also, a favorable  summer climate,  and it
surrounded by numerous places of agreeable re-
sort, suited for those who may pass  the  season
there.
  For the mineral waters of Clifton,  see Bristol
Hot Well.
  CLIGNEMENT, Scardamygmus.
  CLIGNOTEMENT, Nictation.
  CLIMA, Climate.
  CLIAIAC'TERIC,  Climacter'icus,  Climater'i-
cus, from KXipaKrrjp, 'a step.'  (F.) Climactirique
ou Climatirique.  A word, which properly signi-
fies 'by degrees.'   It has been  applied to certaiu
times of life, regarded to be critical.
  At present, the word Climacteric is  chiefly ap-
plied to  certain periods  of life, at which great
changes occur, independently of any numerical
estimate of years.  Such are the  period of  pu-
berty in both sexes ; that of the cessation of the
menses in women, Ac.
  Climacteric Ytears,  Anni Climacter'ici, are,
according to some, all those in the life of man,
which are multiples  of the number 7, Septen'ni-
ads.  Others have applied the  term to years, re-
sulting  from the  multiplication of 7  by an odd
number.  Some have admitted only three  cli-
macterics; others, again, have  extended them to
multiples of 9.  Most, however, have considered
the  63d year as  the Grand   Climacteric; — 63
being the product of the  multiplication of 7 by
9, and all have thought that the period pf three,
seven, or nine, which they respectively adopted,
was necessary to the entire renewal of the body;
so that there was, at these times, in the economy,
none of the  parts  of which it had  previously
consisted.  The climacteric years have also been
called, (Anni) hebdomad'ici, scala'res, grada'rii,
scarlsiles, genethliaci, natalil'ii, fiata'les, crit'r'ci,
decreto'rii, hero'ici, Ac.  All the notions on  the
subject  are essentially allied to the doctrine of
numbers of Pythagoras.
  CLIMATAL, Climatic.
  CLIAf ATE, Clima, Inclina'tio cceli, (F.) Cli-
mat, Gr. KXtpa, 'a  region.'  In geography,  the
word climate is applied to a space  on  the terres-
trial globe, comprised between  two circles paral-
lel to the equator, and  arbitrarily measured  ac-
cording to the length of the days.  In a hygienic
point of view,  we understand  by climate, since
Hippocrates, a country  or region, which may
differ from another in respect to season,  qualities
of the soil, heat of atmosphere,  Ac.  Climate, in-
deed, embraces, in  a general  manner, all  the
physical circumstances belonging to each region,
—circumstances which exert considerable influ-
ence on  living beings.   The  dark complexion
of the  inhabitants of the torrid  zone  is easily
distinguishable from the paleness of those  of
the frigid, — so are the diseases.  They are  all
modified,  more  or  less, by climate  or locality.
Hot climates predispose  to abdominal complica-
tions in febrile affections; cold climates to tho-
racic, Ac.
   One of the most important considerations with
regard to climates is their comparative fitness for
the residence of invalids, and especially of those
who are liable to, or suffering under, catarrhal or
consumptive affections.   The   great object, in
such  cases,  is to  select a climate which will ad-
mit of regular and daily exercise in the open air,
so that  the  invalid may derive every advantage
which this form of revulsion is capable  of effect-
ing.  To an inhabitant of the northern  and mid-
dle portions of the United States—and the same 
CLIMATE
21 3
CLIMATE
applies to Great Britain, France, and  the  north-
ern parts of the old world—a more southern cli-
mate alone affords  these advantages in an emi-
nent degree.  During  the summer months there
aro few, if any, diseases, which require a milder
climate than that of the United States, or of the
milder districts of Europe.   The temperature of
the winter months is, consequently, the most im-
portant  object of attention.  Equability of tem-
perature  is  essential,  inasmuch as all  sudden
changes interfere  with the  great  desideratum—
exercise in the open air. In the whole continent
of North America  the  changes are very sudden
and extensive. It is not uncommon for the range
to be 40°, between two successive  days.   So far,
therefore, as  this  applies, the American  climate
is  not  well  adapted to  the  invalid.   In the
southern portions,  however, of the Union, this
objection is  counterbalanced  by  many  advan-
tages.
   The following tables exhibit  the mean tempe-
rature of the year, and of the different seasons—
with  the mean temperature of the warmest and
coldest  months  at  different places in  America,
Europe, Africa, Ac, as deduced from  the excel-
lent paper of Von Humboldt on Isothermal Lines,
the Alcteorologieal Registers kept by the surgeons
of the  United States  finny, under the direction
of Surgeon-generals Lovell and Lawson, 1S22 to
1854, inclusive, the work of Sir James Clark on
Climate, Ac.
  Certain  of the tables show the mean monthly
temperature, maximum, minimum and range, as
well as the greatest daily, and mean daily  range
during the corresponding months — but of diffe-
rent years—at some of the prominent retreats for
the valetudinarian  in  Great Britain, on the con-
tinent of Europe, and in the African islands.  It
is proper,  however, to remark, that in no  situa-
tions, except  in those  to which  an asterisk is
affixed, was the  register thermometer used.  In
the others, the observations were made during
the day  only,  and consequently  the numbers
given are  far below  the  real  range throughout
the twenty-four hours. The places are ranged in
the order of their mean temperature.
Table of		Maxisium		, Minimum, and Range					of Tempe		RATURE.				
Places.	December.			January.			February.			March.			April.		
	Max.	Min.	Range	Max.	Min.	Range	Mai.	Min.	Range	Mar.	Min. .Range		Max.	Min.	Ran-e
	54 56 56 57 59 60 61 68	25 34 25 32 40 31 34 52	29 22 31 25 19 29 27 16	47 54 56 53 58 58 58 69	21 28 21 27 27 29 29 50	26 26 35 26 31 29 29 19	52 55 60 55 58 60 60 68	27 33 35 30 37 33 31 51	25 22 25 25 21 27 29 17	56 59 65 58 65 65 69 69	26 34 35 35 41 37 38 51	30 25 30 23 24 28 31 18	60 62 71 64 69 74 78 72	31 36 43 41 46 44 43 55	29 26 28 23 23 30 35 17
															
Pau................															
															
															
															
															
Madeira............															
															
Table of Mean Temperature.
Places.	December.	January.	February.	March.	April.
	43 .00 46.50 41 .53 46.00 48 .60 49 .62 50 .50 60 .50	36.30 43.00 38 .89 42 .00 45 .85 47.65 46.50 59 .50	42 .00 44 .50 44 .96 45 .00 49 .00 49 .45 48 .50 58 .50	45 .00 46.50 46 .80 47 .00 51 .45 52 .05 52 .00 61 . 06	51. 00 48 . 50 55, 79 53. 00 57. 00 56 .40 57.00 62.50
					
Pau................					
					
					
					
					
					
Table of Daily Range  of  Tempebature.
	Dece	MBER.	January.		February.		March.		April.	
		>,		^		>,				>>
										
Places.		■3 ■	« •		"3 ■	-° «	■= .	4 $	'rt «	
	■° &							■£ *>«		« *>
										
										
										
	«s	o	S	a	<.	o	s	o	A	6
	3 7 9 6 9 9 11	13 13 14 15 13 14	4 7 8 8 11 9 11	13 16 16 16 14 17	6 9 9 9 10 11 9	12 16 18 18 19 13	8 9 14 9 12 11 10	12 17 17 19 18 14	9 8 14 11 13 14 9	13 18 18 20 20 13
										
Ban.................										
										
Nice................										
										
Naples..............										
										
 
CLIMATE
21 4
CLIMATE
1.  AMERICA, Ac.
Nain..............
Fort Brady. Mich...
Quebec, L. C.......
Eastport,  Me.......
Fort Howard, Mich.
Fort Crawford, Aliss.
Cambridge, Mass.. . .
Council Bluffs, Miss.
Newport, R. 1.......
Philadelphia.......
New York.........
Cincinnati.........
Monticello, Va......
Washington,  D.  C...
Smithville, N. C____
Charleston, S. C.....
Natchez, Miss......
Pensacola, Flor.....
St. Augustine, do...
Tampa Bay,   do...
Vera Cruz.
Havana ..
Bahamas
Barbadoes
Cumana ..
Latitude.
57°.0S'
46 .39
46. 47
44 .54
44 .40
43 .03
42 .21
41 .25
41 .30
39 .56
40 .40
39 .or.
37 .58
38 .53
34 .00
32 .47
31 .34
30 .28
29 .48
27 .57

19 .11
23 .10
26 .40
  to
27 .5
13 .10
10 .27
Meau ten)*
peratnre of
 several
  years.
26°.42'
41 .37
41 .74
42 .44
44 .50
45 .52
50 .36
50 .82
51 .02
53 .42
53 .78
53 .78
55 .40
55 .56*
58 .88
60 .18
64 .76
68 .77t
72 .23
72 .37

77 .72
78 .08

78 .3*

79 .3
81 .86
. of different seasons.
Mean lemprialure ol
Winter.
 0°.60
14 .09
14 .18
23 .44
20 .82
23 .76
33 .98
27 .38
33 .82
32 .18
29 .84
32 .90
37 .67
36 .80
53 .44
51 .09
48 .56
55 .13
59 .29
61 .24

71 .96
71 .24

71.

76 .7
80 .24
Spring.   Summtr,  Autumn
23°.60
37 .89
38 .04
38 .58
41 .40
43 .09
47 .66
46 .38
46 .87
51 .44
51 .26
54 .14
54 .67
53 .83
64 .70
66 .73
65 .48
69 .67
71 .47
72 .93

77 .90
78 .98

77.

19.
83 .66
48°.38
61 .83
68 .00
60 .54
68 .70
69 .78
70 .70
72 .84
68 .70
73 .94
79 .16
72 .86
73 .33
75 .90
80 .46
80 .89
79 .16
82 .57
82 .73
80 .14

81 .50
83 .30

83.

81.
82 .04
33°.44
43 .94
46 .04
45 .43
45 .18
46 .74
49 .82
48 .60
53 .83
56 .48
54 .50
54 .86
56 .50
56 .59
68 .15
07 .55
66 .02
69 .05
75 .15
75 .28

78 .62
78 .98

80.
80.
.24
War	mesl	Co	dot
inn	ith. '.80	im 11	Itll.
51<			\20
62	.87	12	.65
73	.40	13	.81
63	.52	20	.91
73	.67	17	.95
71	.34	20	.14
72	.86	29	.81
75	.92	27	.19
71	.46	32	.14
77	.00	32	.72
80	.78	25	.34
74	..'ill	30	.211
75	.1)0	36	.110
79	.13	34	.66
82	.93	50	.69
82	.SI	4!)	.43
79	.70	46	.94
83	.55	53	M
83	.94	56	.CO
80	.72	58	.7U
81	.86	71	.Ofi
83	.84	69	.98
90.		64.	
84	.38	79	.16
St. Louis, Missouri, Lat. 38° 46'   Mean temp. 55° .86.  New Harmony Lat. 38° 11'.  Mean temp. 56° .74.
New Orleans, Lat. 30°   Mean temp. 69° .01.  Baton Rouge, Lat. 30° .26'.  Mean temp. 68°  .97.
Jamaica, coast, Mean temp 80° .6.
Range of Mean Temperature in the U. States for the Extreme Months, Seasons, and Year
                              (Army Meteorological Register, 1855.)
r--------
Stations.
Hancock Barracks, Maine.............
Fort Sullivan, Maine...................
Fort Constitution, New Hampshire,
Fort Independence, Massachusetts,
Fort Columbus, New York............
Watervliet, New York..................
Alleghany Arsenal, Pennsylvania...
Fort Mclienry, Baltimore, Md......
Fort Monroe, Virginia, (Norfolk,)...
Fort Moultrie, S. C, (Charleston,)...
Fort Marion, St. Augustine, Florida,
Key West, (Florida,)...................
Fort Brooke, Florida....................
Fort Barrancas, Pensacola. Florida,
MountVernon Arsenal, Mobile, Ala.,
Fort Pike, Louisiana....................
New Orleans,  Louisiana...............
Baton  Rouge, Louisiana...............
Fort Jessup,  Louisiana.................
Fort Gibson, Indian Territory.......
Jefferson  Barracks, Missouri.........
St. Louis, Missouri......................
Fort Gratiot, Michigan.................
Fort Mackinac, Michigan.............
Fort Brady, Michigan..................
Fort Howard, Wisconsin..............
Fort Crawford, Wisconsin.............
Fort Armstrong, Illinois...............
Fort Snelling, Minnesota..............
Fort Leavenworth, Kansas............
Fort Kearney, Nebraska ..............
Fort Laramie, Nebraska...............
Fort Brown,  Texas.....................
Fort Mcintosh, Texas..................
Santa  Fe, New Mexico................
San Diego. California...................
Benicia, California.......................
Fort Vancouver,  Oregon...............
Fort Steilacoom, Washington Ter.,
\IiS.	Latitude.	January.	July. 8.7	Spring. 6.4	Summer.	Autumn.
17	4G°.07'	16.0			6.8	7.2
25	44 .54	14.0	9.9	7.7	6.8	4.7
25	43 .04	14.0	9.0	7.0	7.4	5.7
17	42 .20	9.9	8.6	7.8	4.9	6.9
33	40 .42	12.6	11.8	7.8	7.1	9.9
31	42 .43	15.3	10.5	8.8	6.7	9.2
22	40 .32	18.9	14.5	12.9	7.8	12.0
24	39 .17	14.2	6.8	8.9	6.0	7.2
30	37 .00	16.9	7.4	10.1	5.9	7.6
28	32 .45	18.3	6.1	7.1	7.3	9.5
20	29 .48	16.1	8.6	11.3	6.7	7.1
14	24 .32	12.6	5.9	8.5	3.2	4.2
25	28 .00	17.7	6.8	6.8	5.4	4.8
17	30 .18	18.2	5.3	7.1	3.2	4.5
14	31 .12	14.2	6.1	4.7	4.3	5.6
14	30 .10	10.7	6.2	6.2	3.0	7.0
20	29 .57	18.0	6.8	7.4	5.2	5.5
24	30 .26	15.4	7.1	9.3	4.8	6.9
23	31 .33	17.5	7.8	9.0	4.6	7.6
27	34 .47	19.5	7.8	9.2	8.6	11.3
26	38 .28	17.6	12.0	15.0	9.1	10.2
12	38 .40	14.0	7.2	7.2	4.7	7.4
17	42 .55	13.6	11.8	11.8	8.2	8.9
24	45 .51	12.3	10.3	8.1	5.8	7.9
31	46 .30	13.0	13.3	13.0	8.5	9.8
21	44 .30	14.5	11.8	9.2	7.6	9.9
19	43 .05	19.6	10.4	17.7	8.1	9.2
11	41 .30	18.5	10.3	6.8	8.3	6.2
35	44 .53	27.9	14.6	17.3	11.0	10.4
24	39 .21	24.7	10.0	17.8	8.0	9.4
6	40 .38	19.9	5.2	5.8	4.1	7.0
6	42 .12	13.2	4.5	6.4	2.6	10.8
7	25 .54	10.0	2.9	2.5	2.2	3.1
6	27 .31	10.2	3.7	4.8	5.5	3.1
5	35 .41	4.3	6.9	2.3	1.8	5.0
5	32 .42	3.7	6.9	40.7	2.7	3.6
6	38 .03	6.9	4.9	4.6	2.9	3.4
6	45 .40	10.1	3.4	4.0	2.5	2.2
6	47 .10	12.6	3.8	2.3	1.8	2.8
 7.1
 7.8
11.9
11.0
10.3
12.8
11.2
11.2
16.0
16.7
15.4
 8.2
11.9
 9.7
 6.8
13.3
 8.9
11.1
10.fi
14.4
19.2
 7.3
10.7
 9.9
 9.0
16.6
16.4
17.4
16.0
13.3
13.0
 4.8
 4.2
 3.6
 3.7
 2.6
 3.2
 2.3
 4.0
5.0
3.7
6.7
4.7
7.:;
7.4
7.8
4.9
9.0
6.9
6.7
3.5
4.0
3.0
35
4.8
4.7
4.2
6.6
6.9
7.0
3.7
6.1
6.1
7.1
5.1
8.9
7.5
8.6
8.0
5.3
5.8
1.6
1.9
O.S
2.3
3.2
1.4
2.0 
CLIMATERIC
21 -5
CLINOID
2.  EUROPE,  AFRICA, <tc.
Places.
Geneva...........
Gosport..........
Newport,Isle of'Wight
Sidmouth.........
Pen/.ance.........
Undercliff........
Hustings.........
Bute.............
Cove of Cork.....,
Jersey...........
Paris............
Pan.......
Sienna.....
Nantes.....
Bordeaux..
Montpellier .
Avignon...
Florence ..
Nice.......
Marseilles ..
Toulon----
Loghorn...
Genoa......
Pisa......
Rome.............
Naples............
St. Michaels, Azores.
Cadiz.............
Madeira, Funcbal...
Algiers.............
Canaries, Santa Cruz.
Latitude.
4s°.12'
48 .1
50 .40

52 .11

50 .52
55 .42
51 .54
49 .13
48 .50
43 .7
43 .24
J 7 .13
44 .50
43 .36

43 .46
43 .42
43 .17
43 .07
43 .33
44 .25
43 .43
41 .53
40 .54
37 .47
36 .32

32 .37
36 .48
28 .28
30 .02
49°.28
50 .24
51 .00
52 .10
51 .M)
51 .11
57 .00
48 .25
51 .58
53 .06
51 .08
54 .95
55 .60
55 .62+
56 .48
57 .60
58 .20
59 .00
59 .48
59 .501
59 .90
60 .00*5
60 .37
60 .60
60 .40
61 .40
62 .40
62 .88

64 .56
69 .98
70 .94
72 .32
Mean temperature of different seasons.
Winter.
34°.70
40 .44
40 .31
40 .43
44 .03
42 .14
40 .11
39 .62
43 .90
43 .82
38 .66
41 .79
40 .50
42 .23
42 .08
44 .20
42 .60
44 .30
47 .82
45 .50
43 .30
46 .30
44 .57
46 .03
45 .86
48 .50
57 .83
52 .90

59 .50
61 .52
64 .65
58 .46
Spring.   Summer.   Autumn
 47°.66
 47  .63
 49  .00
 50  .66
 49  .63
 29  .26
 45  .77
 46  .66
 49  .43
 50  .97
 49  .28
 54  .96
 54  .10
 53  .10
 56  .46
 53  .33
 57  .13
 56  .00
 56  .23
 57  .56
 53  .70
 57  .60
 58  .60
 57  .20
 57  .74
 58  .50
 61  .17
■ 59  .53

 62  .20
 65  .66
 68  .87
 73  .58
64°.94
62 .00
63 .09
63 .83
60 .70
60 .28
60 .45
58 .02
61 .26
62 .84
64 .58
67 .41
70 .80
70 .73
70 .88
71 .30
74 .66
74 .00
72 .26
72 .50
74 .30
74 .10
74 .03
75 .15
75 .20
70 .83
68 .33
70 .43

69 .33
80 .24
76 .68
85 .10
50°.00
50 .88
51 .63
53 .50
53 .36
52 .76
51 .00
48 .59
51 .73
54 .63
51 .44
55 .64
57 .10
56 .41
56 .30
61 .30
59 .00
60 .70
61 .63
60 .08
59 .00
62 .00
62 .94
62 .80
62 .78
64 .50
62 .33
65 .35

67 .23
72 .50
74 .17
71 .42
Mean temperature of
66°.56
65 .30
70 .52
73 .04
77 .00
82 .76

85 .82
34°.16
36 .14
39 .02
41 .00
42 .26
60 .08

56 .12
London, Lat 51° .30'.  Mean temp. 50° .36.
IVrpiiriian, Mean temp. 59° .54.
Nismes. .Mean temp. 60° .26.
Environs of London. Mean temp. 48° .81.
Lyons, Mean temp. 55° .76.
  In the United States, the most favourable re-
gion for the phthisical invalid is that of  Florida,
—especially of Pensacola.   St. Augustine is fre-
quently chosen, but  it  is  liable to north-east
storms, which interfere with the out-door move-
ments of the valetudinarian, and are the source
of much discomfort.  Still, great benefit has often
been derived from it as a winter retreat.  Of the
Atlantic Isles, Madeira appears to be best adapted
for  the  consumptive, and  those affected  with
chronic bronchitis.   In Italy, Rome, and Pisa,-—
and in England, Torquay and Undercliff, are to
be preferred.  Chronic rheumatism  and gout are
benefited  by a warm climate, which, again, is un-
favourable to those who  are predisposed to cere-
bral diseases, especially  to such as are charac-
terized by debility and  mobility of the  nervous
system—as paralysis, epilepsy, mania, <fcc. Hypo-
chondriasis  and dyspepsia require rather change
of climate and travelling exercise than a sojourn
in any one.  (See the Author's Human  Health,
Pbila.'l.. 1844).
  For the  mortality of  different countries  and
cities, see Mortality.
  (I.IMATER1C, Climacteric.
  CLI'M ATIC,  Climalicus, Cli'matal.   Belong-
ing to, or dependent upon climate.
  Climatic  Diseases, Morbi climat'ici, are such
as are caused by climate.
  CLIMATOL'OGY, Climatolog"ia. (F.) Clima-
tologie. from  KXtpa, 'a region,' and Xoyos, 'a dis-
course.'   A  treatise on climates, their effects on
organized bodies. &c. &c.
  \  UMBER. WOODY, Ampelopsis quinquefolia.
  CLINK. kXivii, 'abed.'  Hence:
  (  UNIATEU, Clinical physician.
  CLIMATU1A, Clinical medicine.
  CLINIATRUS, Clinical physician.
  CLINIC, see Clinique.
  CLINICA, Clinical medicine.
  CLIN'ICAL,  Cliilicus, (F.)  Clinique,  from
kXivt), ' a bed.'  Relating to a bed.
  Clinical Lecture, (F.) Let;an Clinique.  One
given at the bed-side, or on a particular case or
cases.
  Clinical Med'icine, Cliuiatrla,Clirlica,CU-ri'-
ice, (F.) Midecine  clinique.   That which is occu-
pied with the  investigation  of diseases at the
bed-side, or individually.
  Clinical  Physician,  Clinia'ter,  Cliuin'trus,
(F.) Clinicien.  One who practices or  teaches
clinical medicine.
  CL1N1CK, Clinical medicine.
  CLINICIEN, Clinical physician.
  CLINICUM, Clinique.
  CLINIQUE (F.), Clinical.  Clinique,C!irlicum,
is also used substantively for Ecole  Clinique or
Clinical  School:  a school in which  medicine  is
taught by examining  diseases  on  the  patients
themselves,  at the bed-side, as it were.  Thus,
the French  say, — "La Clinique de la Charitc."
" The Clinical School of the Hospital La Chariti."
The term has been introduced into this  country,
and anglicised Clinic.
  CLINO-CEPHA'LIA.  Klino-cepha'lia,  from
KXivn, ' a bed,'and KttpaXtj, '  head--'  Monstrosity
in which the head is unusually flattened, owing
to synostosis of the parietal and sphenoid bones.
  CLINODES, Clinoid.
  CLINOID,  Clinoi'des,  Clino'des,  Clinoi'deus,
from kXivi),  'a bed,' and  tiSos,  'form.'  Resem-
bling a bed.
  Clinoid Proc"esses, (F.)  Apophyses clinoid'es,
are four processes at the upper  surface of the 
CLINOIDEUS
216
CLYSTER
sphenoid bone, which have been compared to the
posts  of  a bed.   On them  the pituitary gland
rests.   They are divided into anterior and poste-
rior.  Each of the anterior terminates in a point
called Transverse Spinous Process.
  CLINOIDEUS, Clinoid.
  CLINOPODIA, Thymus mastichina.
  CLIXOPODIUM  ARVENSE, C. vulgare —c.
Incanutn, Pycnanthemum incanum—c. Majus, C.
vulgare.
  Clinopo'dium Vulga're, from k\ivv, '& bed,'
and novs, noSos, 'foot,' so  called from the shape
of  its flowers,  Clinopodium arven'se seu majus,
Oc"ymum sylces'tve, Melis'sa clinopo'dium, Thy-
mus sylvalicus,  Wild Basil, (F.) Grand Basilic
sauvai/e.  A European plant, Ord. Labiatae, which
was formerly considered to be an antidote to the
bites  of  venomous  animals, to facilitate labour,
relieve strangury, stop diarrhoea, Ac.
   CLIQ UE TIS,  Crepitation — c.  Mitallique,
 Tintement mitallique.
   CLISEOM'ETER, Clisionleter, (F.) Klisioml-
tre, from kXiois, ' inclination,' and ptrpov,  ' a mea-
sure.'  An instrument, intended  to  measure the
degree of inclination of the pelvis and to deter-
mine  the relation between the  axis of the pelvis
and that of the body.—Osiander, Stein.
   CLITBUR, Arctium lappa.
   CLITHE, Arctium lappa.
   CLITHEREN, Galium aparine.
   CLITORICARCINO'MA, from KXciropts, 'clito-
ris,' and KapKivtopa, 'cancer.'  Cancer of the clitoris.
   CLITORIDES   INFERIORES   LATI   Etf
PLANI  MUSCULI, Constrietores cunni.
   CLIT'ORIS, from KXnrurp, ' a servant who in-
vites  guests' [?].   Cleltoris, Cfe'toris, Cleithoris,
 Cleitor'ion,  Cleithorion, Dulce'do Amor'is, Venus,
Jlyrton,  Murton, Murtum, GEstrum, QHstrus, Coles
femina'rum. Penis mulie'bris seu femineus, Merl-
tnla mulie'bris, Membrum mulie'bre,  Superla'bia,
 Cerco'sis, Hypoder'mis, Nympha, Nymphe, Epi-
der'rhis, Libldinis  Sedes, Tunic'ula, Crista.  A
s-inall, round organ, situate  at  the upper part of
the vulva, and separated by a small space from
the anterior commissure  of the  labia. Its base is
 surrounded by a slight fold, similar to  tire pre-
 puce,- and it is, internally, of the same  structure
 as  the corpora cavernosa penis. The artery of
 the clitoris, (F.) A. Clitorienne  ou Clitoridienne,
is a branch of the internal pudic. The vein com-
 municates with the internal pudic, and  the nerve
 with  the pudic.
   CLIT'ORISM, Clitoris'mus.   The  abuse made
 of the clitoris.  Also, an unusually  large clitoris,
 Cerco'sis extern'a seu Clitor'idis,Cauda'tio, Cauda.
   CLITORI'TIS, Clitoritltis, from KXttropts,
 ' clitoris,' and itis, ' denoting inflammation.'  In-
 flammation of the clitoris.
   CLITORITITIS, Clitoritis.
   CLITORIUM, Vulva.
    OLIVER, Galium aparine.
    CLIVUS BLUMENBACHTI.   An  inclining
 surface behind the dorsum ephippii  of  the sphe-
 noid  bone, which is continuous with the basilar
 process  of the occipital bone.
    CLOA'CA, (F.)  Cloaque, akin  to kXv£ot, 'I
 wash' [?]. The pouch  at tbe extremity of the
 intestinal canal, in which  the  solid and  liquid
 excretions are commingled in birds,  fish and rep-
 tiles.  In the male, it  gives  exit  to the excre-
 ments, sperm  and  urine: in the female, to the
 eggs, faecal matters, and urine.
    CLOANX, Orpiment.
    CLOAQUE, Cloaca.
    CLOCHE (F.).   A  popular expression in
 France for a blister or other vesicle.
    CLOISON,  Septum — c. des Fosses nasales,
 Septum narium — c. Transparente,   Septum lu-
 ciduin.
   CLOISONNEMEXT, see Generation.  Also,
the division of a hollow organ — as the bladder,
vagina, and uterus, into two portions by a sep-
tum,— a malformation — anomalie par cloisonne-
men t.
   CLONIC,  Glon'icus,  from kXovos,  'agitation,'
'motion.'  (F.) Clonique.   Irregular convulsive
motions.'  Convulsion with alternate relaxation;
in  contradistinction to tonic, which signifies a
constant rigidity ;—Clonus, Clon'ici partia'les.
   Clonic Spasm, see Spasm.
   CLONICI UNIVERSALES, Synclonus.
   CLOXIQUE, Clonic.
   CLONIS, Sacrum.
   CLONISM,  Clonis'mus ; same etymon.  Clonio
spasm.—Baumes.
   CLONO'DES,  from  kXovos,  'agitation,' and
ttSos, ' resemblance.'  Convulsive.   Galen applies
this term  to the pulse, when  convulsive, as it
were,  and  unequal.  He compares  the sensation
it communicates to the finger to  that produced
by a bundle of sticks or of rods in vibration.
   CLONOS EPILEPSIA,  Epilepsy—c. Hydro-
phobia, Hydrophobia.
   CLONUS, Synclonus—c. Nictitatio, Nictation
—c Palpitatio, Palpitation—c. Pandiculatio, Pan-
diculation—c. Pandiculatio maxillarum, Yawning
—c. Singultus, Singultus—c. Sternutatio, Sneez-
ing—c. Subsultus, Subsultus tendinum.
   CLOPEMANIA, Kleptomania.
   CLOPORTES ORDINAIRES, Onisci aselli.
   CLOSE-STOOL, Lasanum.
   CLOT, Coagulum—c. of Blood,  see Blood.
   CLOTBUR,  Xanthium.
   CLOTHING, Vestitus.
   CLOTTY, Grumo'sus, (F.)  Grumeleux.  Com-
posed  of clots.
   CLOU,  Clavus, Furunculus—c.  de Girofle, see
Eugenia  caryophyllata— c. Hystirique,  Clavua
hystericus—c. de I'GSil, Clavus oculi—c. de Seigle,
Ergot.
   CLOUDBERRIES, Rubus cbamaemoruF.
   CLOUDBERRY TREE, Rubus  chamasmorus.
   CLOVE, see Eugenia caryophyllata—c. Bark,
see Myrtus  caryophyllata — c. Pink, Dianthus
caryophyllus — c. July flower,  Dianthus caryo-
phyllus.                           .'
   CLOVE-TONGUE, Helleborus niger.
   CLUBFEET. Kyllosis.
   CLUBMOSS, Lycopodium — c. Common, Ly-
 copodium  coinplanatum — c.  Fir,  Lycopodium
 selago—c. Upright, Lycopodium selago.
   CLUNES, Nates.
   CLUNE'SIA, from  Chines, 'the nates.'  Proc-
 talgia, Proctitis.  An inflammation of  the but-
 tocks.—Vogel.
   CLUNIS, Sacrum.
   CLUPEA  THRYSSA.   The  Yellow-billed
 Sprat; a  very poisonous fish of the West Indies.
   CLUTIA ELUTERIA, Croton cascarilbi.
   CLYDON, Flatulence.
   CLYPEALIS (Cartilago.)  Thyroid cartilage.
    CLYSANTLIUM, Syringe, Clyster.
    CLYSIS,  Clysmus.   Same  etymon as clyster.
 The application of a clyster.  Washing out by
 means of  a clyster.
    CLYSMA,   Clysis, Clyster, Enema —c. Toni-
 cum,  Enema foetidum.
    CLYSMA'TION, same  etymon as clyster. A
 diminutive of clysma.   A small clyster.
    CLYSMUS, Clysis, Enema.
    CLYSOIR  ou CLYSOIRE (F.).  An  appa-
 ratus for  administering enemata, consisting of a
 long funnel-shaped tube of elastic gum, furnished
 with a pipe at the apex.   An instrument, similar
 to this, with a syringe attached, is called a Cly-
 sopompe.
    CLYSOPOMPE, Olysoir,  Syringe.
J    CLYSTER,  Clyste'rium, Clysma, Enclyt'ma, 
CLYSTSRE             217           COCCI GRANUM
Clytmus,  Erlema,  Lavamen'trtm, KXvtrrnp,  from
kXv'iiv,  'to  wash.'   (F.)   Clystlre,  Lavement,
Remhle.  A  liquid, thrown  into  the large intes-
tines by means of a syringe, or bladder and pipe
properly prepared,  <fcc.;  the nozzle of the syringe
or pipe being introduced into the anus.   See
Em-ma.
  Clyster op Aloes, Enema aloes—c. Anodyne,
Enema anodynum — c. of Assafcetida, Enema as-
safoetida — c. Cathartic,  Enema catharticum — c.
of  Colocynth, Enema  colocynthidis — c. Com-
mon, Enema commune — c.  Domestic,  Enema
commune — c. Fetid, Enema  fcetidum — c. Pipe,
Elasma—c.  Purging,   Enema catharticum — c.
Starch and opium, Enema anodynum—c. Tobac-
co, Enema tabaci — c.  Turpentine, Enema tere-
binthinas—c. Uterinus,  Sparallium.
   CLYSTERE, Enema.
   CNEME,  Leg, Tibia.
   CNEMODACTYLjEUS,  Extensor  communis
 digitorum pedis.
   CNEMOLORDO'SIS, from Kvnpn, 'the  leg.'
 and Xophixrtus, ' the state of being bent forward.'
 Bending of  the leg forward.
   CNEMOSCOLIO'SIS, from Kvnpv,  'leg,' and
 nKoXturtris, ' bending,'  especially sideways.  Bend-
 ing of the leg sideways.  The state of being  bow-
 legged, or  bandy-legged, (Prov.)   Scrog-legged,
 thuckle-hammed, (L.) Valgus.
   CNEORON, Daphne  gnidium.
   CNEORUM TRICOC'CUM, Almeze'rion, Ac-
 nes'tos, Chamcele'a,  Widow-wail,  Spurge-Olive,
 (F.) Camelie.  This  plant, Ord. Terebinthaceae,
 a native of  Southern  Europe, contains a very ir-
 ritating, acrid principle.  The ancients employed
 its leaves as a  powerful purgative.  It is  now
 sometimes used for deterging ulcers.
   CNESIS, Cnesmos, Cnismos. A painful itching.
 —Galen.
   CNESMA, Itching.
   CNESMOS, Cnesis, Itching, Prurigo.
   CNICELjE'UM, from kvikos, 'carthamus,' and
 iXatov, ' oil.'  Oil of carthamus.—Dioscorides.
   CNICUS, Carthamus tinctorius—c. Sylvestris,
 Centaurea benedicta.
   CNIDELyE'ON,  Cnidelee'um,  from  kviSsis,
 'cnidinn,' and tXatov, 'oil.'  Oil made  from the
 grana cnidia or mezereon berries.—Dioscorides.
   CNIDTA GRANA, Cnidii Cocci, Coccognid'ia,
 .Eto'lion, Coccum.   The berries of the Daphne
 gnidium.—Foesius.
   CNIDIUM SILAUS, Peucedanum silaus — c.
 Tenuifolium, Sison ammi.
   CNIDO'SIS.  A pungent itching, compared  to
 that produced  by the  Urtica urens or  Nettle.
 {svtSn.)—Hippoc.  Urticaria; urticatio.
   CNIP'OTES,  Pruritus.   Itching.   The  dry
 ophthalmia, Nerophthalmia.
   CNISMOREGMIA, Pyrosis.
   CNISMOS, Cnesmos.
   CXISSA, see Nidorous.
   CNISSOREG'MIA, from Kviaaa, 'the  smell of
 burnt fat,' and opeyw, 'I put forth;' Ructus nido-
 ro'sus.  A  nidorous  eructation,  as  of  rotten

   CXYMA,  Kwua.  A  slight itching.  Also,  a
 puneture or vellication.—Galen.
   COACTUS, see  Curds.
   COAOUM, Phytolacca decandra.
   COACMENTATIO. Gomphosis.
   COAGULABLE LYMPH, Fibrin, Liquor san-
 guinis.
   COAG'ULAXTS,  Coagulan'tia,  from  coagu-
 lare,—itself from co and agere, 'to act together,'
 or from cogo, ' to drive or bring together.'  Reme-
 dies, or poisons, supposed  to possess the power
 of coagulating  the blood, or to  give consistency
 to animal fluids.   The word  and the absurd no-
 tions connected with it are equally abandoned.
  COAGULA'TION,  Coagula'tio,  Thrombo'sis,
The  conversion of a liquid into  a more or less
soft  and tremulous  mass.   Many  animal  and
vegetable fluids are capable of coagulation.
  COAGULATUS, see Curds.
  COAG'ULUM,  Grumus, (F.) Caillot, Grumeau,
('a small clot.')  A soft mass formed in a coagu-
lable liquid.  The Clot of the Blood is  particu-
larly so  called — the  Cruor, Irlsula, Placen'ta,
Hepar  San'guinis, Crassamen'tum, Sanguis con-
cre'tus ;—the red mass, composed of fibrin, serum,
and colouring matter, which separates wh-en the
blood is left to  itself.   See Blood.  The word  is
also  applied, in pathology, to the  sanguineous
concretions, which form in different natural and
accidental cavities;  and which, when they occur
at the mouth of a divided artery, sometimes sus-
pend the flow of blood.  This is, indeed, one of
the means by which hemorrhage is arrested.
  Coag'ulum Alu'mi.nis, Coag'ulum  Alumino'-
sum, Cataplas'ma alu'miuis, Alum curd  or  cata-
plasm.  This is made by beating the white of
egg with a  little alum, until a coagulum is formed.
It is applied in cases  of ophthalmia, where an
astringent is necessary.
  COALES'CENCE,  Coalescen'tia,  Cool it" io
par'tium,  from coalescere, ' to  run together,'
(co,  and alere,  'to nourish,')  Sym'physis, Pros'-
physis.   The adhesion or  union of parts pre-
viously separated, as in case of wounds and pre-
ternatural   adhesions  or  malformations.   See
Monster.
  COALFISH, see Oleum jecoris aselli.
  COALITIO,  Coalition,  Symphysis.
  Coalitio Partium,  Coalescence.
  COALIT'TON, Coalil'io.  The same etymon
as coalescence.   It  has  been used  in the  same
cases;  as well as  to express the action of several
parts of the frame, which have the same nu-
trition.
  COALITUS,  Symphysis.
  COALTER'NiE FEBRES.  A name given  to
two  intermittents, which  attack a person at the
same time, but  whose paroxysms are distinct:  so
that the attack  of one supervenes when the  other
has  ceased.  The term Double  Intermittent ex-
presses the same meaning.
  COAPTA'TION,   Coapta'tio,  from   co,  and
aptare,  ' to adjust,1 'adapt;' Parago'ge.  The act
of adapting the two extremities  of a fractured
bone to  each other;  or of restoring a luxated
bone to its place.  Coaptation must be effected
gently.   Usually, extension and counter-exten-
sion are, in the first place, necessary.
  COARTICULATIO, Diarthrosis, Synarthrosis.
  COARCTATIO, Arctatio,  Coarctation,  Stric-
ture—c. Ventriculi, Stricture of the Stomach.
  COARCTA'TION, Coarcta'tio, from coarctare,
' to  straiten.'  Stricture.   Avicenna  speaks  of
Coarctation if the Pulse.
  COARCTOTOMIE,  Coarctotom'ia, a hybrid
term, from coarctare,  ' to narrow,' and ropn, ' in-
cision.'   Urethrotomy, when limited to the simple
division of a stricture.
  COAT, see Enduit— c. Buffy, Corium  phlogis-
ticum.
  COATED, see Enduit.
  COBALT, PROTOXIDE OF, Smalt.
  COBHAM, MINERAL WATERS OF.   Cob-
ham is  seven miles  from  Kingston, in Surrey,
England.   The waters are weak saline purgatives.
  COBRA  DI CAPELLO, Crotalus horridus.
  COBWEB, Araneaa tela.
  COCASH, Erigeron Philadelphicum.
  COCCA'RIUM.  A very small pill.
  COCCHIA, Cochia.
  COCCI GRANUM, Kermes—c. Orientales, see
Menispermum cocculus. 
COCCIGIO-OUTANE         2
18
COCHLEARIS
  COCCTGIO-CUTAXE SPHINCTER,Sr>hxnc-
ter ani externus.
  C0CC1NELLA, diminutive  of  kokkos,  coccus,
'a berry' which it resembles.  Coccus cacti.
  Coccinel'la  Septejipuncta'ta,  Laely-bird,
Lady-cow, Lady-bug. Cow-lady, Cushy-cow-lady,
(Prov.) Fly-golding, Golden-bug,  Golden-lcnop.
This insect,  bruised upon an aching tooth, has
long been regarded as anti-odontalgic,
  COC'CION, kokkiov.   A weight, mentioned by
Myrepsus ; the same as the siliqua.
  COCCIONELLA,  Coccus cacti.
  COCCOBALSAMUM,  see  Amyris  opobalsa-
mum.
  COCCOGNIDIA, Cnidia grana.
  COCCOLOBA UVIFERA, see Kino.
  COCCONES, see Punica granatum.
  COCCUL.E OFFICLNARUM, see Menisper-
mum cocculus.
  COCCULUS CRISPUS, Menispermum tuber-
culatum—c. Indi aromaticus, see Myrtus pimenta
—c.  Indicus,  see Menispermum cocculus—c. Pal-
matus, Columba — c.  Suberosus,  Menispermum
cocculus.
  COCCUM,  Cnidia grana, Kermes — c.  Bapbi-
cum, Kermes—c. Infectorium, Kermes—c. Scar-
latinum, Kermes—c. Tinctorum, Kermes.
  COCCUS, (kokkos,  'a  berry,') Coccus  cacti—c.
Americanus, Coccus  cacti.
  Coccus Cacti.  The systematic  name  of the
Coch'ineal Insect, Coccinel'la, Cochinilla, Coccio-
nel'la,  Coccinilla ,  Ficus Iu'dim grana,  Coccus
Polon'icus seu America'nus  seu In'dicus Tincto'-
rius, Scaraboe'olus hemisphoe'ricus, Cocliinelif era
cochinilla, Coccus America'nus, Cachinelle,  Coc-
cus;  the   Coch'ineal  Animal, (F.)  Cocheni/lc,
Graine d'Ecariate.   Class, Insecta.   Order, He-
niiptera.   The cochineal insects have a  faint,
heavy  odour; their  taste is  acrid, bitterish, and
astringent;   colour  blackish-red  externally,—
purple-red  within.   They are used  chiefly for
giving a red colour to tinctures, &e.  They were,
at one  time, esteemed astringent, stimulant, diu-
retic, and anodyne.
  Coccus Ilicis,  Kermes—c. Indicus tinctorius,
Coccus cacti—c. Indicus,  see Menispermum coc-
culus—c. Polonicus,  Coccus cacti.
  COCCYCEPH'ALUS, Coccy'ejo-ceph'alus, (F.)
Coccyciphale, from coccyx and KitpaXn,  ' the head.'
A monster whose head has the shape of the os
coccygis.
  COCCYGEAL, Coccygeus —c.  Nerve, see  Sa-
cral  Nerves.
  COCCYGE'US,  Coccygeal,  (F.)  Coccygien,
from kokkv%, because it is inserted into the coccyx ;
Ischio-Coccygeus,  (F.) Ischio-coccygien.  Belong-
ing both to the ischium and coccyx.  The muscle
Ischio-coccygeus, Leva'tor Coccy'gis,  Triangula'ris
Coccy'gis.  It arises from the spinous process of
the ischium, and is inserted into the extremity of
the sacrum; and into nearly the whole length of
the os coccygis laterally.  It retains the coccyx
in place, and  prevents it from being forced back-
wards during the evacuation of the  faeces.
  COCCYGIO-ANAL, Sphincter ani externus.
  COCCYGIO-CUTANE SPHINCTER,
Sphincter ani externus.
  COCCYGOCEPHALUS, Coccycephalus.
  COCCYMELEA,  Prunus domestica.
  COCCY'X, 'a cuckoo,'  whose bill it is said to
resemble; Os Coccy'gis seu Alagas, Cauda, Ossis
saeri acu'men, Rump or  Crupper Bone, Cu'culus,
Uropyg'ion, Sptrn'dylis, Spomlylium.  An  assem-
blage of small bones, attached to the lower part
of the sacrum ;  the curvature of which it pro-
longs, and of which it seems to be an appendage.
Generally, it  consists of four bones.  Behind the
base of the coccyx are two small tubercular emi.
nences.  These are called Cornua of the Coccyx.
   COCIIEMAR, Incubus.
   COCUEXILLE, Coctus cacti.
   COCHERIA, Cochia.
   COCHIA,  Cocchia, Coche'ria,  from kokkos,
' berry,' ' seed,' or from ko^uid, ' to flow profusely.1
An ancient name for several officinal  purgative
pills;  thus called,  either because they produced
copious evacuations, or were shaped like a seed.
   COCHIN LEG, see Elephantiasis.
   COCHINEAL, Coccus cacti.
   COCHINEL1FERA   COCHINILLA, Coccus
cacti.
   COCHINILLA, Coccus cacti.
   COCH'LEA.  A Snail's  shell, (F.)  Limaeon,
Coquille, Cochlie.   Anatomists  have given this
name to the most anterior of the three cavities,
which  constitute the labyrinth   of the ear,  the
Pelvis Au'rium, Concha auris  inter'na seu hn-
byrinthi, Cav'itas cochlea'ta seu buccirw'tu, An-
trum  buccino'sum,  Troch'lea labyrinth'!.-. — and
that of Scala of the  Cochlea, (F.) Rmnpes du li-
maeon, to two spiral cavities in the interior of the
cochlea.   One  of these  scalse terminates at the
Fenes'tra rotun'da,  and is called Scalu  tympani:
the other opens at the anterior  and inferior part
of the vestibule : it is called Scala vestib'uli.
   Cochlea, Scalse op the, see  Cochlea.
   COCHLEAR,  Cochlea'ris,   (F.)   Cochliuire,
Cochliarien.   Relating  or  appertaining to tbe
cochlea.
   Cochlear, Cochleare—c.  Auriculare, Ear-pick
—c. Nerve, see Auditory Nerve.
   COCHLEA'RE, Coclllear, Cochha'rium,  from
cochlea ; its bowl resembling a shell. A spoonful,
(F.) Cuillerie; abbreviated  in prescriptions usu-
ally to cock.  See Abbreviation.   Also,  a scoop.
   Cochlea're  Magnum, a tablespoonful; C. Me'-
dium, a dessert or  pap-spoonful; and C. Min'i-
mum, a teaspoonful.
  COCHLEA'RIA, from cochleare, ' a spoon,' so
called from its resemblance.  C.  officinalis.
  Cochlea'ria  Armora'cia,  Ruph'arnis rristi-
ca'nus  seu mari'nus  seu sylves'tris seu magna,
Armora'cia, A. sati'va  seu rusticn'nu, Horse-
radish;  (Sc.)  Rotcoll.   Earn.,  Cruciferse.  Sex.
Syst. Tetradynamia Siliculosa.   (F.) Buifort sau-
vnge, Gran, Gran de Bretagne, Cranson, Mofttarile
des Moines ou  des  Allemauds, Radis de eliernl.
The root  of horseradish is frequently used at
table;  and has  long been in the  Materia Medica.
It  is  stimulant and  diuretic.   Externally, it  is
rubefacient.
  Cochlea'ria Coron'opus, Coron'opus, Coron'-
opus Ruellii  seu depres'sus  seu vulga'ris, Le-
pid'ium squama'tum,  Senebie'ra  coron'opus,  Wild
Scurvy Grass, Swine's Cress, (F.) Come de  Cerf.
This European  plant is considered to be diuretic
and antiscorbutic.   The term  Coron'opus was
given,  by the ancients, to various plants.
  Cochlearia  Hortensis, Cochlearia officinalis.
   Cochlea'ria Officina'lis, Cochlearia, C.hnr-
ten'sis  seu pyrena'ica seu vulga'ris, Lemon Scurry
Grass,  Common  Scurvy Grass, (Sc.) Scrubic-grusH,
(Prov.) Scrooby-grase, (F.)  Cranson, Herbe aiu
cuillers.  It has been  considered a powerful anti-
scorbutic.  It is sometimes eaten in salad.
   Cochlearia  Pyrenaica, C. ofiicinalis—c. Vul-
garis, C. officinalis.
   COCHLEARIFOR'MIS,  from  cochleare,
'a spoon,' and forma, 'shape ;' (F.) Bee de Cttiller.
  Cochleariformis Proces'sus, Cochlear'if or m
process.  A small,  very  thin plate,  which  sepa-
rates  the  bony portion  of  tbe  Eustachian tube
from the canal  for the passage of the tensor tym-
pani.
  COCHLEA'RIS.   A gelatinous looking tissue,
seen on opening the cochlea, by  which the mem- 
COCIILEARIUM
219
CCSLIAC
branous zone is connected, at its outer or convex
margin, with the outer wall.  It is supposed by
Todd and Bowman to be muscular;  and to have
a preservative office, being placed to defend  the
cochlear nerves from undue vibrations of sound,
in a way analogous to that in which  the iris pro-
tects the retina from excessive light.
   COCIILEARIUM, Cochleare.
   COCHO'NE, Koxorvn.  The junction of the
is-chium, near the seat or breech.—Foesius.  The
breech  proper, from the hip-bones  to the anus.
The perinaeum.  The coccyx.
   COCILTO.  A weight of eleven ounces.
   COCK-EYE, see Luscitas.
   COCK-GRASS, Lolium temulentum.
   COCKLE, CORN, Lychnis githago.
   COCKLE-Bl'R, Agrimony, Xanthium.
   COCKLES, INDIAN, see  Menispermum coc-
 culus.
   COCKMTNT, Tanacetum balsamita.
   COCKSPUR. Ergot—c. Rye, Ergot.
   COCKUP HAT, Stillingia.
   COCKYBABY,  Arum maculatum.
   COCLES, Borgne.
   COCO, Cocos nucifera.
   Coco  of  the Maldives',  Cocos de Maldlvd.
 Tbe fruit of a palm, called  Lodo'U-e'a  by Com-
 merson.  It was formerly termed, in the shops,
 Nux Med'ica, and enjoyed great reputation.
   COCOA,  Cacao, Cocos nucifera.
   COCOA  CACAVIFERA, Cacao.
   COCOBAY, Mai de San Lazaro.
   COCO-OLEIN.  see Cocos nucifera.
   COCOS   BUTYRA'CEA.  The  name  of  the
 plant which affords the palm oil, O'leum pal'nice,
 obtained chiefly from the fruit, by bruising  and
 mixing  the kernels with water, without the aid
 of heat, by which the oil is  separated  and rises
 to  Hie surface.   It is of the  consistence of an
 ointment, with little  taste, and a  strong, though
 not disagreeable, smell.  It is  applied to sprains,
 <to.; but has no advantages over other oils.  It has
 been used  as the excipient for suppositories, and
 has been called, also, O'leum  Palmm seba'ceum,
 0. fix'um  nncum  cocos butyra'cea and  Moel-aw
 fat.  It is  procured  likewise from the  El.a'is
 Guineen'sis, and Eltlis Occidenta'lis, two species
 of palms.   Cocos is said to  be contracted from
 (P.) macaco or macaco, 'a  monkey,' the three
 holes at the end of the cocoa-nut shell causing
 it to resemble somewhat a monkey's head.
   Cocos Nucip'era, Palma cocos, (F.)  Cocotier.
 Order,  Palma?.  The  systematic  name  of the
 plant whose  fruit is the cocoa-nut.  (F.)  Coco.
 It is an agreeable kernel, but  not easy of diges-
 tion.  Emulsions, orgeat, &c.  are  made from it.
 The juice of the cocoa,  Toddy, when fermented,
 forms wine, and arrack is distilled from it.   The
 expressed oil—Coco-olein—has been found almost
 as efficacious as cod-liver oil in tuberculosis.
    COCOTE. Influenza.
    COCOTIER, Cocos nucifera.
   COCOWORT, Thlaspi bursa.
   COCTIO. Coction,  Digestion—c. Ciborum, Di-
 gestion—c. Morbi, Coction.
   COCTION, Coc'tio, Pepsis,  Pepan'sis, Pepas'-
 mos, Sympep'sis, Coucoc'tion,  from  coquere,  coc-
 tuin, 'to boil.'   This word has  been  employed in
 various -senses.   1. With  the ancients, coction
 meant the particular kind of alteration which the
 fool experiences in the digestive organs, particu-
 larly in the  stomach.   It meant a preparation
 from its crude state.   2. It expressed the matu-
 ration or change, which the humoral pathologists
 believed morbific matter experiences before elimi-
 nation.  It was considered,  that coction, Coc'tio
 morbi,  was  produced during the violence  of the
 disease; and hence this was called the Period of
 Coction. See Humorism.
  OOC'Y'TA, (F.) Oocyte, from kwkvtos, 'lamen-
tation.'   The pain caused by the introduction of
poison under the skin.—Linnaeus.
  COD, or CODS, Scrotum.
  COD-OIL, Oleum jecoris aselli.
  COD-LIVER OIL, Oleum jecoris aselli —c.
Olein, see Oleum  jecoris aselli.
  CODAGAPALA BARK, Nerium antidysente-
ricum.
  CODE, Codex.
  CODEtA, Codeine.
  COD'EINE. Code'i'a, Codelnum,Pctpaveri'num,
from  KuSta, ' a poppy head.'  An alkaloid disco-
vered by Robiquet   in opium,  in  1832.   It is
soluble  in water, alcohol and ether,  and unites
readily  with  acids.   As  a hypnotic, Magendie
thinks one grain of codeia equal to half a grain
of morphia.   The muriate of codeia appears to
be stronger than  the  pure codeia.
  CODESELLA, Anthrax.
  CODEX.   A  collection of laws.  (F.) Code.
By extension,  a collection of approved  medical
formulae, with the processes necessary for form-
ing the compounds  referred  to in it.  The Pari-
sian  Pharmacopoeia is styled Codex  medicamen-
ta'rins.
   Codex Medicamentarius, Pharmacopoeia, see
Codex.
   CODIA, Papaver  (capsule.)
   CODOCELE, Bubo.
   CODOSCELLA, Bubo.
   CHECAL, Ciccal.
   CCECITAS,  Caecitas.
   CCECUM, Cfecum.
   COEFFE, Caul.
   Cffi'LIA, KotXia, KotXn,  'a hollow place.'  This
word generally meant a cavity in the body:—the
abdomen,  in  particular.  It  has also been  used
for the  alimentary canal, <fcc.: — avu>  KotXia, 'the
stomach,' Karia KotXia, 'the abdomen.'  Also, an
alvine evacuation ;  excrement.
   CCE'LIAC, Cw'liacus, Gastrocce'liacus, Gastro-
cce.'licus, (F.) Coeliaque ou Ciliaque, from koiXio,
 'the  cavity  of the  abdomen.'  Relating to the
cavity of the abdomen.
   Cceliac  Artery,  Arte'ria  Coe'liaca,  Celiac
axis, Artere opistogastrique,  (Ch.)  A. Coeliaque,
 Tronc coeliaque, Tripied de la coeliaque, is situate
above the pancreas, and behind the upper part
of the stomach.  It arises from the anterior part
of the  abdominal aorta, where it passes  between
the pillars  of the diaphragm, and soon  divides
into the coronaria ventriculi, hepatic, and splenic
arteries.
   Cceliac Flux, Coeliac Passion, Coeliaca chylo'-
sa, Diarrhoe'a chylo'sa seu chyrno'sa, Fluxus chy-
 lo'sus seu caelittctis, Passi<r coeliaca seu Ventricu-
lo'sa, Chymoche'zia, Fluor  albus  intestino'rum,
 Chylorrhte'a, Chymorrhce'a, Coeliaca lac'tea, Mor-
 bus cceliacus, Chylodiarrhce'a, Galaetodiarrhop'a,
 Sedes lactescen'tes, Gastrorrhce'a, (F.) Flux ctr-li-
 aque.  A species of diarrhoea, in which the food
 is discharged  by the bowels in an undigested
 condition.  By some, defined to be diarrhoea at-
 tended with discharges of chyle or chyme.  It is,
in general, symptomatic of tubercular disease of
 the mesenteric glands.  See  Lientery.
   Cceliac Passion, Coeliac flux.
   Cceliac Plexus, Solar Plexus, Plexus mesen-
 ter'ii pro'prins  et  max'imus,  P.  ganijlifior'mis
semiluna'ris,  (F.) Plexus mielian  OU opistogas-
trique,  (Ch.), PI. Cceliac  ou  solaire, Ganglion de
Vieussens, is formed of numerous nervous fila-
 ments,  which proceed from the semilunar ganglia
 of the great sympathetic.  It is strengthened  by
several branches of  the right and left pneutno-
gastric nerves;  is  seated around  the  trunk of
 the cceliac artery, behind the stomach,  and fur-
nishes  the secondary plexuses — the diajrhrag- 
CGELIACA
220
COHOSH
matte, coronary of the stomach, splenic and he-
patic, which accompany the arteries of the same
name.
  CCE'LIACA, from koiXiokos, 'coeliac' Diseases
of the digestive  organs; the 1st class in  Good's
Nosology.   It comprises two orders, Enterica and
Splanchnica.  Also, medicines  that  act  on the
digestive organs.—Pereira.
  Cceliaca  Chylosa,  Coeliac  flux — c. Lactea,
Coeliac flux — c.  Renalis, Chyluria—c. Urinalis,
Chyluria.
  CffiLIADELPH'US, from ccelia,  and aStXtpos,
'brother.'   Anocoeliadelph'us.   A  double mon-
ster, in which the two bodies are united at the
abdomen.
  CCELIjE'MIA, Hyperemia abdom'inis,  Con-
ges'tio abdomina'lis, from KotXia, 'abdomen,' and
'atpa, 'blood.'  Hyperaemia or congestion of the
blood-vessels of the abdomen.
  CCE'LIAGRA, Gastritis seu Enteritis seu Col-
ica seu  Diarrhce'a arthrilica.   Gout of  the ab-
domen.
  CffiLIALGIA, Tormina.
  CCELIAQUE,  TREPIED  DE  LA,  Coeliac
artery.
  CCELIOCELE, see Hernia, hypogastric.
  CCELIOCHYSIS, Ascites.
  CCELIOCYESIS, Pregnancy, abdominal.
  CCELIODYNIA, Colic.
  CCELIOLYSIA, Diarrhoea.
  CCELION'CUS, Cozliopky'ma, from KotXia, 'the
abdomen,' and oj/koj, 'a tumour.'  A tumour of
the abdomen.
  CO3LI0PHYMA, Coelioncus.
  C03LIOPHY'MATA,  Tuber'cula  peritonee'i,
from KotXia, 'the cavity of the abdomen,' and
tj>vpa, 'a hard tumour.'  Tubercles of the  perito-
neum.
  CCELIOPSOPHIA,  Borborygmus.
  COZLIOPYO'SIS, from KoiXta, ' the abdomen,'
and  -rrvtirots, 'suppuration.'  Suppuration  of the
abdomen or its parietes.
  C05LIORRHCEA, Diarrhoea.
  CCELIORRHEU'MA, Rheumatis'mus  abdom'-
inis, from KotXia, 'the  abdomen,' and ptvpa, 'de-
fluxion, rheumatism.'   Rheumatism of the  mus-
cles of the abdomen.
  CCELIOSPAS'MUS, from  KotXia,  'abdomen,'
and  anaapos, 'spasm.'  Spasm  or cramp of the
abdomen.
  CCELO'MA, from  koiXos, 'hollow.'  A round
ulcer of the cornea, broader and deeper than that
described  under the name Bothrion.
  CCELON, Cavity.
  COLLOPHLEBI'TIS.from koiXos, 'cavns,'tjrXcxp,
tkXeQos, 'a vein,'  and itis, denoting inflammation.
Inflammation of the vena cava.
  CffiLOPHTHAL'MUS, from koiXos, 'hollow,'
and otpOaXpos, 'eye.'  One who is hollow-eyed.
  COHLOSTOM'IA, from  koiXos, 'hollow,'  and
aropa, 'mouth.'   A defect in speaking, when the
voice seems as if it came from a cavern;—that is,
obscure, and as if at a distance.
  CC3L0S'T0MUS, same etymon.  One who has
a hollow voice.
  CffiLOTES, Cavity.
  OENADELPH'US, from koivos, 'common,' and
aStXibos, 'brother.'   A  double  monster, the two
portions having, in  common, one or more organs
indispensable to life.
  CCENJESTHE'SIS, from koivos, 'common,'and
ataSrjots, 'feeling.'  Conwsthe'sis, (F.) Cinesthisie.
Common  feeling.  Some German writers mean,
by this, a sixth  sense.  It is the  feeling  of self-
existence  or individuality,  and  is manifested by
the sense of buoyancy or  depression, which  we
experience without any known cause ;—by invol-
untary shuddering, feeling  of chill or glow,  <tc.
   CCENOLOGIA, Consultation.
   CtE'NOTES, Kotvorns, 'commonness,'  from
I koivos, 'common.'  The physicians of the metho-
 dic sect asserted, that all diseases arise from re-
 laxation, stricture, or a mixture of both.  These
 were called Coznotes: or what diseases havo in
 common.
   COETUS, Coition.
   CCEUR, Heart.
   COF'FEA ARAB'ICA, C. vulga'ris, Jas'minum
 Arab'icum, (F.) Cafier,  Cafiier,  and  Cafiyer.
 Order, Rubiaceae.   Sex.  Syst. Pentandria Mono-
 gynia.  The plant which affords coffee, Choava,
 Bon, Buna, (P.) Cafe.  Originally from Yemen.
   The infusion of  coffee is  an  agreeable and
 wholesome article of diet.  It is, to a certain ex-
 tent, a tonic, and is employed as such in conva-
 lescence, especially from fevers,  &c.  In cases
 of poisoning by opium,  and in old asthmas, its
 use has been  extolled.   For this  purpose the
 Moka is the best.  It  ought to be newly torrefied,
 but not too much burnt; should be strong, and
 drunk soon after grinding.
   A highly azoted alkaloid was first found in cof-
 fee, and called Cafiein or Caffein.  It was after-
 wards  discovered in the leaves of the tea plant,
 and called Thein, and in  the  Guarana of Brazil,
 and called Guaranin.  In doses of from 2 to 10
 grains,  it induces  violent nervous and  vascular
 excitement.  Caffein—as well as its various salts
 —the citrate, lactate,  malate, and muriate,  have
 been given as an antiperiodic in grain doses.
   Factitious Coffees have been, from time to time,
 recommended, but they are infinitely inferior to
 the genuine.  Various substitutes have been pro-
 posed ;  wheat,  barley, hollyberries, acorns, sun-
 flower seeds, beech-mast, peas, beans, succory-rout,
 seeds ofi gooseberries and  currants left in making
 wine, and washed, — sliced turnips, &c. These
 have  been roasted, with  the  addition of a  little
 butter or oil: but they  have  not  the aroma of
 coffee.  The best substitute is said to be the seeds
 of the Yellow water flag, Gladiolus luteus or Iris
 pseudacorus,
   Hunt's  QZconomical Breakfast  Powder  con-
 sisted of rye, roasted  with a little butter.
   COFFEE-BEAN TREE, KENTUCKY, Gym-
 nocladus Canadensis.
   COFFEE-TREE, Gymnocladus Canadensis.
   COFFEE, WILD, Triosteum.
   COGNASSTER,  Pyrus cyd6nia.
   COGNITIO  PHYSIOLOGICA,  Physiology
   COHABITATIO, Coition.
   COHABITA'TION, Cokabita'tio,  from  cum,
 'with,'  and habitare, 'to dwell.'  The act  of
 dwelling together.  In  legal medicine, it means
 the consummation of  marriage.—Copulation.
   COHE'SION, Cohcesio, from co, and  heerere,
 'to stick.'  Vis cokasio'nis seu adhasio'nis seu
 attractio'nis, Force of cohe'sion, Attraction of co-
 hesion or of aggregation, is that force in the par-
 ticles of matter, whereby they are connected in
 such a way as to resist any attempt towards their
 removal or separation.   This force has to be at-
 tended to, in the management of disease. Emol-
 lients, rubbed into a part, act by diminishing the
 cohesion.
   COHIBENS, Epischeticus.
   COHOBA'TION, Cohoba'tio,  Coho'bium,  Co'-
 kob, Co'koph.   Distillation of  a liquid — already
 distilled—on the same substances.  When this is
 repeated three or four times, it is called Recohe-
 ba'tion.
   COHOL. Synonym of Alcohol.  Also, a dry
 collyrium.—Avicenna.
   COHOSH,  Actaea racemosa,  Caulophyllum
 thalictroides — c.  Black, Actaea  racemosa — c.
 Blue, Caulophyllum thalyctro'ides—c. Blueberry, 
COHUSH                 221                  COLIC
Caulophyllum thalictro'ides—c. Red, Actaea rubra
—c. AV hit.-, Actaea alba.
  CnllUSH, Caulophyllum thalictro'ides.
  COIFFE, Caul.
  COIGX, see Pyrus cydonia.
  CO IGXA SSI Ell,  Pyrus cydonia.
  COINCIDEN'TIA, from co, and incido (in, and
coda),  'to  fall or happen.'   Some  authors have
translated, by this  term, the word parempto'sis,
used by Galen to designate the occlusion  of the
foramen opticum by a  humour, proceeding from
the base of the brain, and occasioning blindness !
—Castelli.
  CO'IN'DICANT,   Co'in'dicans,  from  co,  and
indico. ' I indicate.'
  Coin'dicant Signs are those which furnish the
same indications; or which confirm the indica-
tion afforded by another sign—awevStiKwueva.
  COIR A, Catechu.
  CO IRAS, Scrofula.
  CO IT, Coition.
  COIT"ION, Co'itus, Co'etus,  from  coco,  (co,
and eo, 'to go,') 'to go together.'   Co'iture, Cop-
ula'tion,  Copnla'tio,  Cop'ula  Carna'lis,  Aphro-
dis'ia, Aphrodisiasm'us, Epip'lace, Acces'sus, Ba-
sia'tio, Amplexa'tio, Amplex'tts, Convert'tits, Com-
plex'io, Conjilgium, Agglutina'tio, Lagne'a, Lag-
neu'mn,  Lagnela, Mixis, Permis'tio, Permix'tio,
Syndyas'mus, Synu'sia, Concu'bitus,  Congres'sus,
 Cohabita'tio,  Venus, Res Vene'rea,  Concu'bitus
veue'reus,  Pra'lium, Duellum vene'reum, AToc-
titr'na bella, Concilia corpora'/ia, Homilia, Verl-
 ery, Sexual intercourse, (F.) Coif, Approche, Ac-
coiiplement.  The carnal union of the sexes.
  COITURE, Coitus.
  COITUS, Coition—c. Difficilis, Dyssynodus—c.
 Sodotniticus, Buggery.
   COL, Collum—c. de la Matriee, Collum uteri—
c. Utirin, Collum uteri.
  COLA, Articulation.
  COLATIO, see Colatura.
  COLATO'RIUM,  Hylister,  from  colare,  'to
strain.'  A strainer of any  kind.   (F.) Couloir.
A term by  which the ancient  physicians described
 every canal or conduit through which the excre-
mentitious humours of the body are  evacuated.
 Ulcers, fistulae, setons, caustics, ic,  have been
called artificial or accidental Colatoria, because
they were considered  to be passages  by which
the  animal economy is freed from some morbific
matter.
  COLATUM, see Colatura.
  COLATU'RA, from colare, 'to strain.'   Cola'-
tum, (F.) Colature.   A filtered or strained  liquor.
It likewise means straining a liquid,— Cola'tio,
Diy'lisis, Dii/lis'mus, Hy'lisis,  Hylis'mns.
  COL'CIIESTER,  MINERAL WATERS OF.
 Aqua  Co/cestrerlsis.  The waters  of  Colchester
Bre  of the  bitter purging kind, similar to those
of Epsom.
  COLCHICIA, see Colchicum autumnale.
  COL'CIIICUM, from Colchis, in Asia,  where
it is said to have been  common.  Colchicum au-
tumnale.
  Colchicum  Autumna'le,  from  the country
Colchis.   Colchicum,   drum.  Meadow  Saffron,
(F.) Colchique, Tne-chicn, Mtrrt  aux ckiens, Sa-
fran des pris ou butar-d, Xarcisse d'automne, Viel-
lotte. ATat. Ord. Colchicaceae.  Class, Hexandria.
Order;  Monogynia.   The bulb or root (Bulbus
eeu Radix seu Cormus), and the seeds, Col'chici
semen, are  the parts  used in medicine.  The taste
is acrid, excoriating the mouth,- but the acrimony
is lost by  drying.   It  is narcotic, diuretic, and
cathartic;  and has  been given in dropsy, gout,
and  rheumatism.  Dose, gr. j  to vj of the fresh
bulb.  It is supposed to be the active ingredient
of the  Eau  midicinale  d'Husson.   The  active
principle is called Colckic"ia.  Colchicum, in an
over-dose, is an acro-narcotic poison.
  Dr. Wilson's Tincture for tke Gout is said to be
merely an infusion of Colchicum, or Colchicin.
  Colchicum Zeylanicum, Ksempferia rotunda.
  COLCHIQUE, Colchicum autumnale.
  COL'COTHAR, C. Vitrioli, Henricus  rubens,
Chalcltis,  Brown red, Rouge,  Crocus,  Oxidum
Ferri rubrum,  Tritox'ydum Ferri, Sulphas Ferri
calciua'tum,  Ferrum vitriola'tum ustum,  Terra
vitrioli  dulcis, Crocus martis vitriola'ttts seu ad-
strin'gens, (F.) Rouge d'Angleterre ou de Prusse,
Safran  de Mars astringent.  The  red oxide of
iron,  obtained by calcining sulphate of iron to
redness, with  or without  the  contact of air.  It
possesses  the general  properties of the prepara-
tions  of iron, and has been  applied to  staunch
blood, <fcc.
  COLD, (Sax.) COlt), Frigus, Psychos, (F.) Froid.
The sensation produced  by  the abstraction of
caloric  from our organs,—Ckeima, Chimon.  See
Heat.
  Three degrees of cold are generally distin-
guished in disease.  1. The simple feeling of cold
(Algirr), 2.  Chilliness (Horror), and 3. Shivering
(Rigor).  Cold  is employed in medicine, chiefly,
as a refrigerant and sedative.
  Cold is, also, used  for a morbid  affection  in-
duced by cold.   'To take cold,' (F.) s'eurhumcr,
is to  be affected by a disease presumed to be
caused by cold.  See Catarrh and Coryza.
  Cold-chill, Intermittent fever.
  Cold in the Eye, Ophthalmia, catarrhal—c.
in the Head, Coryza.
  COLEITIS,  Colposis.
  COLEOCELE, see Hernia.
  COLECEDEMA, Elvtrcedema.
  COLEOPTOSIS, Prolapsus vaginas.
  COLEORRHEXTS, from x0^0^ 'a vagina or
sheath,' and  prints, 'rupture.'  Laceration or rup-
ture of  the vagina.
  COLEOSITIS, Leucorrhoea.
  COLEOSTEGNO'SIS,  Colprostegno'sis,  Colpos-
tenochor'ia, Colposynize'sis, from  %oXtos,  ' a va-
gina  or sheath,'  and  ortyvtitots,  'constriction.'
Narrowness of the vagina, natural or acquired.
  COLE RE, Rage.
  COLES,  Penis—c. Feminarum, Clitoris.
  COLEUS, Vagina.
  CO LI BERT, Cagot.
  COLIC, Co'licus, from kwXov, 'the colon.'  (F.)
Colique. Relating to the colon.
  Colic Arteries,  Arte'ria colica;, (F.) Artlres
Coliques, are six in number, three of which, given
off  by the superior  mesenteric, are  called Colica;
dextra'; and three, proceeding from  the inferior
mesenteric, Colica'. sinis'tra. All proceed towards
the colon, passing between the two laminae of the
peritoneum, which  form  the  mesocolon,  where
they  ramify and  anastomose with  each  other.
The first, Colica dextra, Ramus colica dexter, is
called C. dextra superior, (Miso-colique, — Ch.)
The second,  C. dextra media, Colica media, Ra-
mus colicus  mediiis,  Arteria media anastomerlica,
(C.  droite, Ch.,) and the third, C. dextra iufe'rior
or Ileo-colica,  (A. cascale, — Ch.)   Of the three
Colica sinistra, the  first or superior  is called, by
Chaussier, Colica magna sinis'tra; the second or
media is not distinguished from the preceding, as
the}' often  arise from a common trunk;  and the
third  is called by Chaussier Colica parra sinis'-
tra. To these arteries as many veins correspond,
which open  into the  great and little mesenteric.
  Colic Lobe op the Liver is the great  lobe of
that organ.
  Colic, Co'lica,  C. Passio,  Colice,  Colicodyn'-
ia,  Cwiiodyn'ia,  Dolo'res  intestino'rum,  Dolor
co'licus, Dysenteronerv'ia,  Enteralgia,   Gripes,
Mulligrubs, Bellyache,  (Sc.) Bellythra, Weam-ill, 
COLICA  ACCIDENTALIS       222           COLICA UTERINA
(Prov.) Bellyharm, Bellywark,  Gullion.   In its
etymological acceptation, Colic signifies an affec-
tion or pain in the colon.  But it is employed in
a more extensive signification.  It includes every
acute pain of the abdomen, aggravated at inter-
vals.   The  word  has often, however, epithets
affixed to it, which render it  more or less precise.
See Tormina.
  Colic,  Bilious,  Colica biliosa—c.  Crapulent,
Colica crapulosa—c. Devonshire, Colica metallica
—c. Horn, Priapismus—c. Lead,  Colica metallica
— c. Madrid, Colica Madridensis — c.  Menstrual,
Colica menstrualis — c. Metallic, Colica metallica
—c. Nephretic, Colica nephretica—c. Normandy,
Colica metallica — c.  Painters',  Colica metallica
— c. Plumbers', Colica metallica — c.  of Poitou,
Colica metallica — c.  of Prostitutes, Colica scor-
torum—c. Renal, Colica nephretica—c. Saturnine,
Colica metallica—c. Root, Aletris—c. of Surinam,
Colica metallica—c. Uterine, Colica uterina—c.
Vegetable, Colica metallica—c. Weed, Dicentra
Canadensis—c. Worm, Colica vcnninosa.
  COLICA ACCIDENTALIS, Colica  crapulosa
—c. Acuta, Enteritis—c. Arthritica, Cceliagra.
  Co'LlCA Bilio'sa, Bilious Colic, (F.)  Colique
Bilieuse.   Colic,  occasioned  by an accumulation
of bile in  the intestines or  in its own passages.
The treatment required resembles that proper for
Colica convulsiva.
  Colica Callo'sa.  Colic  attended with sense
of stricture in some parts of the intestinal  eanal ;
often  of  flatulency and pain  ; the flatulency  gra-
dually passing off by the stricture; the bowels
tardy; and at length discharging  small liquid
stools.
  Colica Convulsi'va,  C. Spasmod'ica seu pi-
tuito'sa  seu  nervo'sa  seu idiopath'ica, Entero-
spasin'us.  Colic, not  the  symptom  of any other
affection.  It is characterized by  griping pain in
the  bowels, chiefly about the navel, with vomit-
ing and  costiveness — the pain  increasing at in-
tervals.  The indications are to clear the intes-
tines, and allay  spasm.   Calomel  and opium —
castor oil and opium — emollient and cathartic
enemata, with  fomentations, wet  or dry,  to  the
abdomen, usually succeed.
  Colica Crapulo'sa,  C. accidenta'lis seu  kel-
luo'num, Crap'ulent colic, Surfeit, Colic from over-
eating, (F.) Colique d'Indigestion.   A colic, ari-
sing from eating  indigestible aliments, or digest-
ible aliments in too great abundance. The remedy
is obvious.
  Colica Damnoniorum, Colic, metallic—c. Fe-
bricosa, Colica inflammatoria—c. Figulorum, Co-
lica metallica.
  Colica  Flatulen'ta,  Infia'tio,  Gastrodyn'ia
fiatulen'ta, Physospas'mus, Pnertmato'sis  enter1-
ica,  (F.)  Colique Jlatulente ou fiatueuse ou  ven-
teuse.  Colic, arising from an accumulation of air
in the intestines.  It  is very common in infants,
and  may  be  relieved by aromatics, especially
when combined  with antacids—for example, oil
of aniseed with magnesia.
  Colica Helluonum, Colica crapulosa.
  Colica Hemorrhoida'lis, Hemorrhoid'al  Co-
lic,  (F.)  Colique himorrhoidale.   A kind of colic,
supposed to precede hemorrhoids or to supervene
on their  suppression.
  Colica  Hepat'ica, Hepatalgia,  Hepatalgia
Calculo'sa, Hepat'ic colic, (F.) Colique hipatique.
Pain  in  the region of the liver, chiefly about the
gall-bladder,  occasioned  by the  passing of a
biliary calculus through the cystic and choledoch
ducts.
  Colica  Idiopathica,  Colica  convulsiva — c.
Ileus, Ileus.
  Colica Inflamjiato'ria,  C.  Phlogis'tica  seu
plethor'ica seu febrico'sa seu pitlsalilis, Lnjiam'-
matory colic.  The same as enteritis.
  Cot.ica Lapponica, see Seta equina—c. Loch!-
alis, Dyslochia—c. Madridensis,  Colic of Madrid
—c. Nervosa, Colica convulsiva, Colic, metallic—
c. Phlogistica, Colica inflammatoria.
  Colica Madriden'sis, Colic of Madrid,  Mu.
drid  Colic.   A  species of colic, endemic in se-
veral provinces of  Spain,  whose  nature is  not
clear.  Its symptoms resemble those occasioned
by lead.   See Colica metallica.
  Colica Menstrua'lis, Mcrlstrual  Colic,  (F.)
Colique  menstruelle.   Colic, which precedes or
accompanies the menstrual evacuation, or which
is owing to the suppression of that evacuation.
  Colica Metal'lica, Metallic Colic, Painters'
Colic, Colic of Poitou, Colic of Surinam', Bellon,
Devonshire Colic, Dry  Bellyache,  Dry  Gripes,
Saturnine  Colic,  Lead  Colic,  Plumbers' Colic,
Rachialgia, R. Pic'tonum  seu Pictavien'sium,
Morbus Metallicus, Colicople'gia, Colica Rachial-
gia  seu  Damnonio'rum  seu Plumbario'rum  seu
Pic'tonum  seu  Saturni'na  seu  Figulo'rum   seu ■
nervo'sa  seu Picto'rum seu sicca, Paralysis  ra-
chialgia,  Palmus  Phtmba'tins,  Molybdoco'lica,
(F.) Dysentironervie  Saturnine,  Colique de Poi-
tou ou vigitale  ou des peintres  ou  de plomb ou
mitallique ou Saturnine ou des barbouilleurs ou
seche.  Under this  head is generally  described
the colic produced by lead, as well as the other
colics mentioned in the synonymy; and they cer-
tainly resemble  each other greatly, although
some of  them are more like bilious colic.  There
is  not much to  distinguish this variety  of colio
from others.  The same  violent pain about  the
navel is  present, with retraction of the abdomen
towards  the spine.   It  is  apt  also  to  occasion
palsy.  The  only difference of  treatment is in
the necessity  for  employing more opium along
with the purgative.   The paralytic sequelae must
be treated  by change of  air, rubbing the spine,
exercise, &c.  Treating the disease upon general
principles is infinitely more philosophical,  and
more successful  than  the former empirical man-
agement at  La Chariti, Paris, which it is unne-
cessary to detail.
  The Colic of Madrid, Poitou, Devonshire, Nor-
mandy, &c, has been called vegetable colic,  (F.)
Colique vigitale, because ascribed  to  the use of
new wine or  cider, unripe fruit, <fcc, although
really, perhaps,  owing  to  the  adulteration  of
wines and cider  by litharge.  All the symptoms,
indeed, are those of Colica metallica.
  Colica Nephret'ica,  Nephroco'lica,  Co'lica
rena'lis,  Nepkret'ic or Renal Colic, (F.)  Colique
Niphritique.  Acute  pains,  which  accompany
nephritis, and especially calculous  nephritis, or
the passage  of a calculus  into the ureter.
  Colica Pictonum, Colica metallica—c. Picto-
rum, Colica metallica—c. Pituitosa, Colica convul-
siva— c. Plethorica,  Colica inflammatoria — c.
Plumbariorura,  Colica metallica — c. Pulsatilis,
Colic, inflammatory — c.  Rachialgia, Colica  me-
tallica—c. Renalis,  Colica nephretica—c. Satur-
nina, Colica metallica.
  Colica Scorto'rum, Colic of Pros'titutes. A
form of colic said, by  Dr. Martin Hassing, of Co-
penhagen, to have been frequently observed by
him amongst that unfortunate class of beings. It
may well be doubted whether  any special affec-
tion of the kind appertains to them.
  Colica Sicca,  C.  metallica — c. Spasmodica,
Colica convulsiva, Ileus.
  Colica Sterco'rea, Colica Stipa'ta, Stercora'-
ceous Colic,  (F.)  Colique stercorale.   A species
of colic,  ascribed  to the retention of fsecal mat-
ters  in  the  intestines.  The  retention  is itself,
however, an effect,  that  may  be caused in  the
same manner as the colic pains themselves.
  Colica Stipata, Colica stercorea.
  Colica Uteri'na,  Hys'tero-co'lica,   U'terine 
COLICODYNIA
223
COLLOID
Colic, (F.) Colique utirine.   Pain seated in  the
uterus, sometimes called Hysteralgia.
  Colica  Vbntriculi, Cardialgia.
  Colica  Vermino'sa, Helminthoco'lica, Worm
Colic, (F.) Colique vermineuse.  Abdominal pain,
occasioned by the presence of worms in the in-
testines.
  COLICODYNIA, Colica.
  COLICOPLEGIA, Colic, metallic.
  COLIMACON, Helix pomatia, Limax.
  COLIQUE, Colic—c. des Barbonilleurs, Colica
metallica—c. Hipatique, Colica hepatica—c. d'In-
digestion,  Colica crapulosa—c. Mitallique, Colica
metallica — c. de Miserere, Ileus — c. de Misiri-
corde, Ileus — c. des  Peintres, Colica metallica —
c. de Plomb, Colica metallica—c. de Poitou, Colica
metallica  — c.  Saturnine,  Colica  metallica — c.
Siche, Colica metallica — c. Vigitale, Colica  me-
tallica—c. Venteuse, Colica flatulenta.
   C0L1QUES, Pains, (after.)
  COLI'TIS, from kwXov, 'the  colon,'  and  itis,
denoting  inflammation; Coloni'tis, Enteritis co'-
 lica, (F.)  Inflammation du colon.  Inflammation
 of  the peritoneal or  mucous membrane of the
 colon.  The former  is termed Serocolltis,  and
 Exocolltis ;  the latter, Endocolitis and Dysentery.
   COLIX, Trochiscus.
   COLLA PISCIUM, Ichthycolla.
   COLLAPSE,  Collapsus —c. of the Lung, see
 Atelectasis—c. Pulmonary, see Atelectasis.
   COLLAP'SUS, Collapse,  Conciderltia;  from
 col or cum, 'with,'and labor, lapsus, 'to fall.'  (F.)
 Affaissement. A complete prostration of strength,
 either at  the commencement or in the  progress
 of a disease.
   COLLAR-BONE, Clavicle.
   COLLARD, Dracontium  fcetidum — c.  Cow,
 Dracontium fcetidum — c. Polecat,  Dracontium
 fcetidum.
   COLLARIUM SALINUM, Haloderaeum.
   COLLAT'ERAL,  Collatera'lis, (F.) Collateral,
 from col, 'with,' and latus,  'side.'  That which
 accompanies or proceeds by the side of another.
   Collat'eral Ar'teries op td:e Arm,  Arte'ria
 Collatera'les Bra'chii, (F.) Arteres collatirales du
 bras. They are given off by  the brachial,  and
 are distinguished into, 1. The collateral—superior
 or external  (Grandes musculaires du bras—Ch.)
 which arise  from the inner part of the brachial,
 and extend as far as the inferior and  external
 part of the arm.  2.  The collateral— inferior  or
 internal (Collatirales du Coude—Ch.) which arise
 from the  brachial, near  the  elbow-joint, and de-
 scend towards the upper part of the fore-arm.
   The vessels which pass to the fingers  and toes
 are also called collateral.
   Speaking generally,  collateral  branches  are
 those which follow nearly the same course  as
 the vessel whence they emanate.
   COLLATERALTS, Ischio-cavernosus.
   COLLE-CHAIR, Sarcocolla.
   COLLE DE POISSOX,  Ichthyocolla.
   COLLECTION, Collec'tio, from colligere, (col
 and lego) 'to gather.'  This  word is often united
 to  the epithet purulent, serous,  &c, to express a
 gathering of pus, serum, <fec.
   COLLESIS, Agglutination.
   COLLET DES DENTS, see Tooth.
   COLLETICUS, Agglutinant.
   COLLFY'S DEPILATORY", see Depilatory.
   COLLIC'T.E.  Same  etymon as Collection.
 'Drains to collect and convey away water.'  See
 GOUTTTERE.  Union of the ducts passing from
 the  puncta lacrymalia,  Collic"ia  puncto'rum
 lacryma'lium.
   COLLICULI NERVI ETIIMOIDALIS,  Cor-
pora striata — c.  Nervorum opticorum, Thalami
nervorum opticorum—c. Vaginae, Nymphae.
  COLLICULUS. see Optic nerve.
  Colliculus Cave^e Posterioris Ventriculo-
Rni Lateralicm, Hippocampus minor—c. Semi-
nalis, Gallinaginis caput
  COLLIER  (F.), A  collar,  from collum, 'the
neck.'   A name given to certain eruptions which
surround the neck like a collar.
  COLLIER ANODIX^, Necklace, anodyne.
  COLLIGAMEN, Ligament.
  COLLIGATIO, Syndesmosis.
  COLLINSO'NIA, C. Canadensis seu decussa'ta,
Horseweed, Horsebalm, llichweed, Richleafi, Heal-
all,  Stoneroot,  Kuotroot, Knotweed,  Knobneed.
Order,  Labiatae.  Called after  Peter  Collin son.
This indigenous  plant is possessed of  diuretic
properties, which seem to reside in a volatile oil.
Infusion is the  best form of administration.  The
leaves in domestic practice are applied  to wounds
and bruises.
  Collinsonia Decussata, C.  Canadensis.
  COLLIQUAMEN'TUM,  from colliqueo, (col
and liquere,) 'I melt.'  The first rudiments of an
embrvo.—Harvey.
  C 0 L L I Q U A*'T 10 N, Colliqua'tio, E/iqua'tio,
Syntex'is, Ectex'is, Solu'tion, Dissolution.  ' The
act of melting.'  (F.) Fonte.  The ancients meant,
by  this terra, the progressive  diminution of the
solid  parts, with  copious excretion of liquids by
one or more passages.   They thought,  that all
the solids melted; and that the liquids, and par-
ticularly the blood, lost a portion of their density.
  COLLIQ'UATIVE,  Col/iqnatlvus,  Colliques'-
cens, from colliquescere, (col and liqueo,) 'to grow
liquid.'  (F.)  Colliquatifi.   An epithet given to
various discharges, whieh produce rapid  exhaus-
tion.   Hence we say, Colliquative sweats,  Colli-
quative diarrhoea, &c.
  COLLIQUESCENS, Colliquative.
  COLLISIO,  Contusion.
  COLLIX, Trochiscus.
  COLLODES, Glutinous.
  COLLO'DION, Collo'dium,  Ethe'real Solu'tion
of Gun-cotton, Maynard's Adhesive Liquid;  from
KoXXa, 'glue.'  A solution obtained by  dissolving
gun-cotton, Pyrox'ylin,  (F.) Fulmicoton, Coton-
poudre,  Poudre-coton,  Coton  fulminant,  Coton
azotique, in a mixture of rectified ether and alco-
hol, in  the proportion of about 16 parts of the
former to 1  of the latter.  When applied to  a
part, the ether  evaporates, and the solid adhesive
material is left,  which  contracts.  Hence  it is
used in cases of wounds, to keep their edges to-
gether.  It  forms, also, a coating, and has been
applied in abrasions, and in cases of burns.  In
various chronic  cutaneous  diseases, it has  been
applied with advantage; and has been employed
to give a coating to pills, which it deprives of
their taste, without interfering with their action.
  Collodion is in the last edition of the Ph. U. S.
(1851.)
  Collodion, Canthar'idal, Collo'dium veslcarrs
seu cantharida'le.  Prepared  by exhausting, by
displacement, a pound of coarsely-powdered can-
tharides with  a  pound  of  sulphuric  ether, and
three ounces of  acetic ether.   In two  ounces of
this saturated solution of cantharides, twenty-five
grains of gun-cotton are  dissolved.   By  painting
the surface with  a little  of  this solution, vesica-
tion is produced, as with  the plaster  of can-
tharides.
  COLLODIUM, Collodion—c. Cantharidale,Col-
lodion, cantharidal—c. Vesicans, Collodion, can-
tharidal.
   COLLOID, ColloVdes, from  KoXXa, 'glue,' and
eiSos, 'resemblance;' Cancer  alveola'ris,  Card-
no'ma alveola're, (F.) Cancer  alviolaire ou Col- 
COLLOMA
loide ou Gilatiniforme, Cancer alviolaire ou ario-
laire ou pultaci ou gommeux, Gelatinous cancer.
An epithet applied to a product of morbid  secre-
tion, resembling glue, or particles of jelly  inlaid
in a regular alveolar bed.  The three species of
cancer or carcinoma are,—Encepkaloid, Scirrhous,
and Colloid.   See Cancer.
   COLLO'MA, from KoXXa, 'glue.'  A name pro-
posed by Dr. Walshe for the gelatiniform matter,
which  is of common  occurrence  in  cysts.   It is
transparent,  amorphous, and devoid of vessels
and nerves.
   COLLONE'MA, from koXXo, 'glue.'  A  pecu-
liar gelatinous tumour, consisting  of a remarkably
soft gelatiniform tissue, which trembles on being
touched.—J. Miiller.
   COLLOSTRUM, Colostrum.
   COLLOURION, Collyrium.
   COLLUM, Cerrix,  Trache'los,  Auchen,  Neck,
(Prov.) House, Hose, (F.) Col,  Con.  The part of
the body situate between the head and  chest.
Also, a part of an organ resembling the neck, as
in the following cases.
   Collum  Astrag'ali,  Cervix Astrag'ali, Neck
of the Astragalus, (F.)  Col de lastragale.  A de-
pression, which separates the anterior extremity
of the astragalus from its body.
   Collum  Costa'rum,  Cervix Costa'rum, Neck
of the Ribs, (F.) Col des C6tes. The narrow part
of the ribs, between the head and tubercle.
   Collum  Den'tium,  Cervix  Dentium, A'eck of
the Teeth, (F.) Col. ou Collet des Dents.  The part
of the teeth between  the corona and fang,  which
is embraced by the gum.
   Collum  Fem'oris,  Cervix Fem'oris, Neck of
the Thigh-bone, (F.)  Col du Fimur.  The long,
narrow,  and oblique  portion  of  the os femoris,
which  separates the  head  from  the  two  tro-
chanters.
   Collum  Fib'ul,e, Cervix Fib'ula, Neck of the
Fibula, (F.) Col du Pirone.  A slight narrowness
seated below the head or upper extremity  of the
fibula.
   Collum Glandis, see Glans.
   Collum  Hu'meri, Cervix Hu'meri, Neck of the
Hu'merus.   A circular, depressed portion,  which
separates the head of the os  humeri from its two
tuberosities.   Some  surgeons place the neck be-
low the tuberosities, no precise line of  demarca-
tion indicating its extent.
   Collum Mandib-'ul.e seu Maxil'la? Inferio'-
RIS, Cervix Mandibular seu  Maxilla Inferio'ris,
Neck of the lower jaw, (F.) Col de I'os maxil/aire
infirhure. A depression observable on each  side
of the lower jaw, immediately  below the con-
dyles.
   Collum Obstipum, Torticollis.
   Collum Ossis Magni seu Capita'ti, Cervix os-
sis magni seu capita'ti, Neck of ike Os Magnum,
(F.) Col du grand Os.  A circular depression be-
neath the head of this bone of the carpus.
   Collum Pedis, Instep.
   Collum Ra'dii, Cervix Radii, Neck of  the
Radius, (F.) Col du Radius.  A narrow portion
of. the radius, which  supports the  head of the
bone.
   Collum Scap'ula;, Cervix Scap'ula, Neck of
the Scap'ula, (F.) Col de VOmoplate.  A narrow
portion, observable below  the glenoid  cavity of
the scapula, which  seems to  separate it, as it
were, from the rest of the bone.
   Collum U'teri, Cerrix U'teri,  Jug'nlum Uteri,
Neck of the  Uterus, (F.) Col  de  la  Matrice, Col
utirin.  A  narrow, cylindrical, and flattened por-
tion of the uterus, which terminates it inferiorly,
and opens  into the vagina by the Os Uteri or Os
Tinea.  This neck is perceptible  on examination
per vaginam, until near tbe  end of utero-gesta-
24                  COLON
 tion.  As the uterus enlarges, however, it becomes
 shorter  and wider, so that a manifest difference
 exists between its condition at seven and  nine
 months.
   Collum Vesi'ce,  Cervix  Vesica, Neck of the
 Bladder, (F.) Col de la  Vessie.   The anterior
 part of the base of the bladder, which resembles
 the neck of a bottle, and  is continuous with the
 urethra.
   COLLURIUM. Collyrium.
   COLLUTIO, Gargarism.
   COLLUTO'RIUM, (F.)  Collutoire, from col-
 luere, ' to wash out.'   A mouth wash.
   Collutorium Adstringens, Mel  boracis.
   COLLU'VIES, from colluo,'! cleanse.' Filth,
 excrement.   Discharge from an old ulcer.
   COLLUVIES GASTRICA, Embarras  gastriqne.
   COLLYR'IUM,  Collu'rium,  Collu'rion,  (F.)
 Collyre, from kuiXvut,  'I check,' and ptur, 'I flow,'
 or from  koXXo, 'glue,' and  ovpa, 'tail' [?],  (F.)
 Collyre.  The ancients designated, by this term,
 a solid  medicine,  of a long,  cylindrical shape;
 proper to be introduced into the vagina, aims, or
 nostril.  They are said to have given it this name
 because it was shaped like a Rat's  Tail, and be-
 cause there entered into its  composition powders
 and glutinous matters.—Celsus, Oribasius, Scribo-
 nius  Largus.  At the present day,  Collyrium
 means an application to the eye.  Some are pul-
 verulent and dry, Ophthalmempas'mata, Col/yr'ia
 sicca, but the greatest  part are liquid, Hygi-o-
 collyr'ia; and receive different epithets, as as-
 tringent, emollient, <fec.   The  term is now little
 more than synonymous with Eye-water. Collyria
 are generally  extemporaneous formulae.
   Collyrium Bateanum, see  Lotion, campho-
 rated, of Bates—c. Siccum, see Collyrium—c. Sic-
 cum Alexandrinum,  see Alexandrine.
   COLOBO'MA, KoXofttopa, 'any thing truncated
 or shortened.'  A mutilated or maimed organ.
   Colobo'ma I'ridis, Irido-coloboma.  A conge-
 nital peculiarity of the iris, consisting in a fissure
 of its lower portion,  and  a consequent prolonga-
 tion  of th-e iris to the margin of the cornea.  See
 Iridorrhagas.
   COLOBO'SIS, KoXoi3utots.  The act of curtailing
 or mutilating; mutilation.
   COLOCHOLO'SIS, from  ko>Xov, 'the colon,'
 and x°^lr 'bile.'  Bilious  dysentery, Dysenter'ia
 bilio'sa.
   COLOCYTNTH, Cucumis colocynthis.
   COLOMBINE, COMMON, Aquilegia vulgaris.
   COLOMBA, Calumba.
   COLON, C. Cacum, Monen'terum, Colnin, Intes-
 ti'num majus, T. cellula'tum,  I. crassum et plenum,
 I. grande, I. laxurn, Physce, ttivoKn.  That portion
 of the large  intestines which extends from the
 caecum to the rectum.  It is said to have been so
 called from koiXos, 'hollow,'  or from kwXvw, 'I
 arrest,' because  the  excrements are arrested, for
 a considerable time, in  its sacs, — cel'lula sou
 haustra  seu   locularrrenta coli.   The  colon  is
 usually divided into  four portions.  1. The right
 lumbar  or  ascending, Colon dextmm, situate in
 the right lumbar region, and commencing at tbe
 caecum.  2. Transverse colon, Colon transfer'sum,
 transverse arck  of the colon,  the portion of the
 colon which crosses from the right to the left side,
 at the upper  part of the abdomen.  3. The left
 lumbar or descending colon,  Colon  sinis'trum, ex-
 tending from the left part of the transverse arch,
 opposite the outer portion of  the left  kidney, to
 the corresponding iliac fossa.  4. The Iliac colon
 or Sigmoid flexure ofi the colon, (F.) Colon iliaqve
 ou S. du colon, the portion of the intestine which
 makes a double curvature in the left iliac fossa,
\ and ends in the  rectum. 
COLONITIS
225
COLPOSIS
  The muscular fibres, as in tbe caecum, are in
three flat  stripes, Ta'nia seu Fascia  Ligamen-
to'sa Coli, Ta'nia  Valsalva  seu  Ligamen'ta
coli.
  Colon,  Membrum — c.  Inflammation  of  the,
Colitis.
  Coi.ov. Torpor op the.  A disease in which
the muscular coat of the colon acts with deficient
energy ; giving occasion to distension of the in-
tostine, which, by pressing upon the other organs,
may interfere so much with their functions, as to
lead to distressing gastric, cardiac  and other dis-
orders.
  COLONITIS, Colitis, Dysentery.
  COLOXXE, Columna — c. Vertibrale, Verte-
bral column.
  COLOXXES CHARXUES, Carnese Columnse
—c. Gliurnues du Cu'iir, Columnic carneae.
   COLOPITAXE, Colophonia.
  COLOI'HANY, Colophonia.
  COLOPHO'NIA, so called from Colophon,  a
city of Ionia ;  Phrycte, Erieta, Pix Graca, Re-
tina nigra, Colophany. Colophony, Black Rosin,
Pitch,  Itroirn Rosin, (F.) Golophone, Colophane,
Ai-enusou, lirai sec.  The black resin which re-
mains  in  the  retort, after  the distillation, by
means of a strong fire,  of  common  turpentine.
It is used like  the turpentines in general, and in
some pharmaceutical preparations.
   COLOPHONY, Colophonia.
   COLOQUIXTE, Cu.-umus colocynthis.
   COLOQCINTIDA, Cncumus colocynthis.
   COLOR VIRGINEUS  PALLIDUS, Chlorosis
—c. Virginutn  foedus, Chlorosis.
   COLO-RECTITIS, Dysentery.
   CnLQSTRA. Colostrum.
   Col.OSTRATIO, Colostration.
   COLOSTRA'TION,  Colostra'tio.   Disease  in
 new-born children, attributable to  the colostrum.
   COLOSTRUM,  Colos'tr-a, Collustrum,  Coins'-
 trum,  Troph'alis,  Protog'ola, Xeog'rila,  Primitm
 Piter'pera lac, Pytia, Pyctia, Green Milk, (Deast-
 lings, Beistings, Beestings, Biestings or Tleastings,
 Beest, (Sc.)  Reist, Beistyn, (Prov.)  Fore-milk,
 Poad-milk, Pored milk, Pourd-inilk, in the cow,
 &c.,) from koXov, ' food' [?],  or from koXXo, ' glue,'
 on account of the viscidity of the first milk.  (F.)
 Biton.  The first  milk after accouchement.  It
 contains more  serum and butter, and less casein
 than common milk, and seems to possess an eva-
 cuant property, which renders it fit to aid in the
 expulsion of the meconium.  Colostrum formerly
 meant an emulsion prepared of turpentine and
 yolk of egg.
   COLOUR-BLINDNESS, Achromatopsia.
   COLOURS,   ACCIDENTAL,  Op'posite  co-
 lours, Cirmpfemen'tary or Har-mon'ic  colours, (F.)
 Couleurs  Complimentaires.  If the eye has been
 for some  time regarding a particular colour, the
 retina becomes insensible to this colour;  and if,
 afterwards, it  be  turned  to a sheet  of white
 paper, the paper will not seem  to be white, but
 will be of the  colour that arises from the union
 of all the rays of the solar spectrum, except the
 one to which  the retina  has become insensible.
 Thus, if the eye be directed for  some time to a
 red wafer, the  sheet of paper will seem to be of
 a bluish-green, in a circular spot of the same di-
 mensions as the wafer.   This bluish-green image
 is  called  an oc'ular spectrum, because it is im-
 pressed upon the eye and may be retained for a
 short time; and the  colour bluish-green, is said
 to  be the accidental colour  of the red.  If this
 experiment be made with wafers of different co-
 lours, other accidental colours will be observed,
varying with  the  colour of the wafer employed,
 as  in tiie  following table :—
       15
Colour of the             Accidental colour, or colour of the
  Wafer.                    ocular spectrum.
  Red..........................Bluish green.
  Orange......................Blue.
  Yellow.......................Indigo.
  Green........................Violetwith a little red.
  Blue..........................Orange red.
  Indigo.......................Orange yellow.
  Violet........................Yellow green.
  Black.........................White.
  White........................Black.

  If all the colours of  the speetrum be ranged in
a circle, in the proportions  they hold in the spec-
trum itself, the accidental colour of any particu-
lar colour will be found directly opposite.  Hence,
the two colours have been termed opposite colours.
It will follow from what has been said, that if the
primary colour, or that to which the eye has been
first directed,  be added to the  accidental colour,
the result must  be the same impression  as that
produced by the union of all the rays of the spec-
trum— white,  light.   The  accidental colour,  in
other words, is what the primitive colour requires
to make it white light.  The primitive and acci-
dental colours are,  therefore, complements of each
other; and  hence  accidental  colours have also
been called complementary  colours.   They have
likewise been termed  harmonic, because  the pri-
mitive and its accidental colour harmonise with
each other in  painting.
  COLPAL'GIA,   from  koXitos,  'vagina,' and
aXyo?,  ' pain.'   Pain in the vagina.
  COLPATRE'SIA, Elytratre'sia, Ancylocolpus,
Atretelyt'ria, from  koXkos,  ' vagina,'  and arpnros,
' without opening.'  Imperforation of the vagina.
  COLPEMPHRAX'IS, from koXitos, 'vagina,'
and evijipal-is,  'obstruction.'  Obstruction of the
vagina by foreign  bodies.
  COLPEURYN'TER, Speculum vaginae.  The
same term is  given by Dr. Braun to an instru-
ment for dilating the os uteri, and upper part of
the vagina.   The operation is called Colpctlrysis.
  COLPITIS, Colposis.
  COLPOCACE,  ^Edieotltis gangrano'sa, Gan-
gra'na genita'lium et  vagi'na, from koXitos, ' va-
gina,'  and kokos, 'evil.' Putrescency or gangrene
of the vagina and labia.
  Colpocace Infantilis, ^Edoeoti'tis grangra-
no'sa puella'rum, Noma pudenda'rum.  Grangrene
or putrescency of the vagina and genitals in young
children.
  Colpocace Puerpera'rum,  ^Edeeotltis Gan-
grano'sa  puerpera'rum, Titcodouiycodarltis ma-
lig'na vagina'lis  (Ritgen).  Sloughing  of  the
vagina and genitals in puerperal women.
  COLPOCELE, Elytrocele.
  COLPOCYSTOTOMTA, from <coX-„c, 'vagina,'
Kvarts, 'bladder,' and ropn, 'incision.'  Sectio va-
gi'no-vesica'lis.  Lithotomy through  the vagina.
  COLPODESMORRAPHTA, from KoXnos, 'va-
gina,'  Stapos, 'ligament,' and patpv, 'suture.' The
removal of a part of the mucous membrane of tho
vagina for the radical cure of prolapsus vaginae
et uteri.
  C0LPO3DEMA, Elvtrcedema.
  COLPOPHLEGIIYMENITIS. Encolpitis.
  COLPOPTOSIS, Prolapsus vagina?.
  COLPORRHA'GIA, Elytrorrka'gia, from koX-
ttos, 'vagina,' and  pnyvvpt,  'I break forth.'   Dis-
charge of blood from the vagina.
  COLPORRHAPHYr, Elytrorrhaphv.
  COLPORRHEXTS, Ruptu'ra vagina, from
koXitos, 'vagina,' and  pnZis, 'rupture.'  Rupture
of the vagina.  Also, colporrhagia.
  COLPORRHCEA, Leucorrhoea.
   COLPOS, see Mamma; Sinus, Vagina.
   COLPO'SIS.   Inflammation of  the  vagina 
COLPOSTEGNOSIS         226           COMMEMORATIVE
Synonymous with Elytro'i'tis, Elytrltis, Cole'i'tis,
Colpitis.  See Leucorrhoea.
  C 0 L P 0 S T E G N O'SIS, Coleostegno'sis, from
kuXitus, 'vagina,' and creyvow, ' I close.'  Atresia,
or obliteration of the vagina.
  COLPOSTENOCHORIA, Coleostegnosis.
  COLPOSYNIZESIS, Coleostegnosis.
  COLPOT'OMY',  Colpotom'ia, from koXkos,  'va-
gina,'  and ro\ii), ' incision.'  An incision of the
vagina in parturition.
  COLT'S FOOT,  Asarum Canadense, Tussilago.
  COL'UBER  BERUS.  The systematic name
of the  viper, Vlpera, (F.) Couleuvre, Vipere.
Class, Reptilia, Ord. Ophidia.   A poisonous  rep-
tile—the poison lying in small sacs near its teeth.
The flesh is innocent, and has been often taken
in scrofula, and in cutaneous disorders in general,
but it is  inefficacious.
   COLUBRINA,  Polygonum bistorta — c.  Dra-
contia, Arum dracunculus — c. Lusitanica, Eu-
phorbia capitata—c. Virginiana, Aristolochia ser-
pentaria.
   COLUM, Colon.
   COLUMBINE,  Aquilegia vulgaris—c. Wild,
Aquilegia Canadensis.
   COLUMBO, Calumba — c. American, see Ca-
lumba—c. Marietta, see Calumba.
   COLUMELLA,  Pillar,  Uvula — c.  Cochleae,
Modiolus.
   COLUM'NA, Column,  (F.)  Col.onne.   Anato-
mists  use this word for parts which  resemble a
column or pillar;  hence for the penis.
   Columna  Adstans  Inguinibus,  Penis — c.
Dorsi, Vertebral column — c. Fornicis, see Fornix.
   Colum'na Nasi.  The cartilaginous part of the
septum of the nostrils.  See Nares.
   Columna Oris,  Uvula—c. Spinalis, Vertebral
column — c. Virginitatis, Hymen — c. Foraminis
ovalis, see Ovalis  fossa — c. Valvulse Vieussenii,
see Valvula Vieussenii—c. Vertebralis, Vertebral
column.
   COLUMNS  BERTI'NI, Columns  of Berlin.
Processes of the cortical substance of the kidney,
which extend between the pyramids of Malpighi,
 as far as the hilus.
   COLUM'NA CAR'NEiE,  C.  Cordis, Lacer'ti
 seu Lacer'tuli seu Furies seu Fascic'uli ter'etes
 Cordis,  Trabes seu Trabec'ula Cordis, (F.) Colon-
 nes  charnnes  du coeur.  Small,  fleshy columns,
 which project, more or less, into the auricles and
 ventricles of the  heart, whose use appears  to be
 to prevent  too great dilatation  of those cavities.
 A few of these columna—see Miisculi papilla'res
 —arc attached  by one extremity to the walls of
 the heart, and, by the other, give insertion to
 chordae tendinese.   See Carneous columns.
   Column.e Carneve of the Rectum, see Rectum
 —c.  Papillares, see Columnae Carneae.
   COLUMNEA LONGIFOLIA, Bahel.
   COLUMNS OF BERTIN, Columns Bertini.
   COLUMNS, POSTERIOR MEDIAN, OF THE
 MEDULLA  OBLONGATA, Funiculi graciles—
 c. of M  .rgagni or of the Rectum, see Rectum—c.
 of the Spinal Marrow, see Vertebral Nerves.
   COLUS JOVIS, Salvia sclarea.
   COLUSTRUM, Colostrum.
   COLU'TEA, C. ArboreB'cens seu hirsn'ta, Sen-
 na  German'ica, Bladder Senna, (F.) Bagiienau-
 dier, Faux Sini,  Sini indigene.  Ord. Legumi-
 nosa.   Sex. Syst. Diadelphia Decandria.   The
 leaves are slightly purgative, and are often mixed
 with those  of the cassia senna.
   COLUVllIXE  DE VIRGINIE, Aristolochia
 serpentaria.
   COLYM'BADES, Pickled Olives. These, when
 bruised and  applied  to a burnt part, were sup-
 posed to be able  to prevent vesication. — Dios-
 corides.
   COLYMBIFERA MINOR,  Mentha crispa.
  COMA, Semisom'nis,  Semisopi'tus,  Semisnpn'-
rus, Subeth, (Arab).  A profound state of sleep,
from which it is  extremely difficult to rouse the
individual.   It is a symptom which  occurs in
many diseases.  Two varieties are distinguished
1. Coma  vigil sen  agrypno'des,  Perrigiliurn,
 Vigilia ninlia, Typho'nia, Veter'nus, Yeternm'.
itas, Agrypnoco'ma,  Citrus  lethar'gus vigil, Tii.
phoma'nia, which is accompanied with delirium.
The patient has  his  eyes closed, but opens them
when called ; and closes them again immediately.
This state is accompanied with considerable rest-
lessness.  2. Coma Sornnolen'tum, C. Cornuto'dcs;
—in which the  patient speaks when roused, but
remains  silent and immovable in the intervals.
Coma  is a deeper  sleep than sopor, but less su
than lethargy and cartts.
  Coma, Capillus — c.  Agrypnodes, see Coma—
c. Apoplexia,  Apoplexy — c. Caosarea, Plica — c.
Comatodes, see Coma—c.  Somnolentum, Somno-
lency, sec Coma—c. Vigil, see Coma.
  COMACON, Myristica mosehata.
  COMAN'DRA UMBELLATA, Bastard Toad-
flax: indigenous; Order, Santalaceae: flowering
in  May  and June;  has been used in fevers by
some of the Indian tribes.
  COMAROS, Arbutus unedo.
  COMA'RUM PALUSTRE, Potentilla pains'-
tris, Marsk  Cinqnefoil.   An indigenous plant,
Family,  Rosacea?, which flowers in June.  It is
possessed of astringent virtues.
  CO'MATA, from Kurpa.   Diseases characterized
by  diminution of the powers of voluntary motion,
with  sleep or impaired state  of the senses. —
Cullen.
  COMATEUX, Comatose.
  COMATODES, Comatose.
  COM'ATOSE,  Comato'des, Carol icus, Caro'des,
(F.) Comateux.  Relating to or resembling coma;
—as comatose sleep, comatose fever, &c.
  COMBUSTIBILITY,  PRETERNATURAL,
Combustion, human.
  COMBUSTIO, Burn — c. Spontanea, Combus-
tion, human.
  COMBUSTION, HUMAN, Sponta'neons Com-
bus'tion  or Preternalural  Combustibility,  Cata-
cau'sis,  Tachencatlsis, Iticetlilium sponta'neunl,
 Combns'tio  sponta'nea, Autempresm'its, Idinpo-
can'sis,  Idiemqire'sis,  Catacau'sis  ebrio'sa, (F.)
 Combustion kumaine, C. hnmaine spontanie; from
comburere,  combustum, (com, and urere, ustum) 'tu
 burn.'   These terms have  been applied to the
 extraordinary phenomenon of a rapid destruction
 of  the human'body, by being reduced to  ashes
 either spontaneously  or  by the  contact  of  an
 ignited  substance.   It is said to have occurred
 in  the aged, and in  those that were fat and hard
 drinkers.  In such, Dr. Traill has found a con-
 siderable quantity of oil in the serum of the blood,
 Vicq d'Azyr,  Lair, and Dupuytren think it neces-
 sary, that the body should be placed in contact
 with an ignited  substance.  Le Cat, Kopp, and
 Marc  are of opinion that  this is not necessary.
 The former appears to be the more probable view.
   COMBUSTURA, Burn.
   COMEDONES, see Acne.
   COMES ARCHTATRORUM, see Exarchinter.
   COMESTIBLE (F.), Edn'lis,  from comedere,
 'to eat.'  Eatable, (P.) Ednle.   Esculent. When
 this word is used substantively, in French as in
 English, it means solid food.
   COMEZ.   Half a drop.—Ruland.
   COMFREY, Symphytum—c. Spotted, Pulmo-
 naria—c. Wild,  Cvnoglossum Virginicum.
   COMISTE. Aliment.
   COMMANDUCATIO, Mastication.
  COMMEM'ORATIVE,  Commemorative. (F-)
 Commimoratif,  from  commemorare,  (com and 
COMMEXSUM             227              COMPLEXUS
 tnemor,)  ' to cause to remember.'   That  which
 recalls, or rather which is recalled.
   Commemorative Signs, (F.) Signes commimo-
 rntifs, are  those deduced  from circumstances
 which have gone before; or rather,  according to
 others, those which point out the preceding con-
 dition of the patient.  They are also called An-
 itinnes'tic sii/ns.
   COMMENSI'M, Symmetry.
   COMMERCTUM, Sympathy.
   COM MI, Gummi.
   COM'MINUTED,  Comminu'tns,   from  comrni-
 nnere, (com and  minuo,) 'to break to pieces.'
 (F.)  Coniminiitif.  A comminuted fracture is one
 in which the  bone is broken into  a number of
 pieces.
   COMMINUTION,  Commimltio,  Thrypsis,
 Leio'sis.   Same etymon.  Fracture of a bone
 into a number of pieces.
   COMMISSURA, Articulation.
   Com.missura Anterior Cerebri,  Commissure,
 anterior, of the  Brain.
   .('ommissu'ha  Brevis.  A lobule or prominence
 of the inferior vermiform process of the cerebel-
 lum, situate in  the incisura posterior, below the
 horizontal fissure.
   Commissi-ha  Labiorum, Prostomia—c. Magna
 cerebri,  Corpus eallosum — c. Maxima cerebri,
 Corpus eallosum—c. Nervea, Syndesmosis — c.
 Ossium carnea, Syssarcosis.
   Commissura Posterior Cerebri,  Commissure,
 posterior, of the Brain.
   Commissura Simplex.  A small lobule or pro-
 minence of the  superior vermiform process, near
 the incisura posterior of the cerebellum.
   COMMISSU'RAL; same etymon as commis-
 sure.  Of or belonging to  a commissure.
   CGXV XIISSVR'E,Commissu'ra,Compa'ges,Com-
 pagina'tio,   Sym'physis,  Sym'bole;  from  com-
 utitlo, (com and mittere, missum,) ' to join together.'
 A point of  union between  two parts :  thus, the
 commissures of  the eyelids,  lips, Ac, are the an-
 gles,  which  they form at the place of union. See
 Fibres, converging.
   Com'missure,  Ante'rior,  of the Brain, Com-
 wissu'ra ante'rior cer'ebri, (F.) Commissure etnti-
 rieurc du cerveau. A small medullary fasciculus,
 situate transversely at the  anterior  part  of the
 third ventricle, and uniting the two hemispheres.
   Commissure, Great, of the Brain,  Commis-
 si!'ra Magna Cer'ebri, (F.) Grande commissure du
 cerreun,  which  unites the two hemispheres for
 Some extent, is the Corpus callo'sum.
   Commissure, Middle, op the Brain.  A layer
 of gray substance uniting  the thalami optici.
   Commissure, Oblique or  Intercerebral, see
 \alvula Vieussenii—c. Optic, see  Chiasmus.
   Commissure, Posterior op the Brain. Com-
 missu'ra paste'rior cer'ebri.  A medullary band,
 situate at the posterior part of the third or middle
 ventricle.
   Commissure or the Uvea, Ciliary ligament!
   COMMISSURE DE LA  CHOROIDE, Cili-
 ary liirament.
   COMMO'SIS,  from  Koppota, 'I adorn.'   The
 nrt of concealing natural deformities,  as by paint-
 ing the face.   See, also, Propolis.
   COMMOTICE, in the older writers, meant the
 nrt of communicating  factitious beauty to a per-
 son.   Painting the face ;  Comopor'ia.
   COMMOTIO,  Motion, Concussion—c. Cerebri,
 Concussion of the brain.
   COMMOTION,  Concussion —c. du  Cerveau,
 Concussion of  the brain.
  COMMUNICABLE, see Contagious.
  COMMU'NICANS,  from communis, (com  and
»i mi mm. ' an office,) 'common.'  Coujmlgens.   That
which communicates or establishes a communica-
 tion.   Communicant.   There  are  two  Arteria
 Communicarltes, both within the cranium ; —the
 one anterior,  very short, and  extending trans-
 versely from  one anterior cerebral artery to the
 other,—the other posterior, called also Communi-
 cans  Willis'ii, which  passes from the  internal
 carotid to the  posterior cerebral artery.  It is  a
 branch of the basilary.
   Communicans Noni.   A long slender  nervous
 branch, formed by filaments from the first, second
 and third cervical nerves, which descends upon
 the outer side of the internal jugular vein, and
 forms a loop with  the  descendens  noni over the
 sheath of the carotids.
   Communicans Peronei, see Communicans pop-
 litei.                                       r
   Communicans Poplite'i,  C.  tibia'lis (riervus.)
 A large  nerve, which  arises from the popliteal,
 and, at a variable distance below the articulation
 of the knee,  receives  the communicans peronei
 from  the peroneal nerve, — the two  forming the
 external  saphenous nerve.
   Communicans Tibialis, Communicans poplitei.
   COMPACT, Compac'tus, from  com and pangere,
 pactum,  'to  strike,  to  fix.'  Solid,  close.   (F.)
 Compucte.  The term Compact 'Tissue is given to
 the hardest and closest parts of bone.
   COMPAGES,  Articulation,  Commissure — c.
 Ossium  per  Lineam Simplicem, Harmony—c.
 Vertebrarum, Vertebral column.
   COMPAGINATIO, Commissure.
   COMPAS D'EPAISSEUR, see Pelvimeter.
   COMPASS PLANT, Silphium laciniatum.
   COMPASSIO, Sympathy.
   COMPEBA,  Piper cubeba.
   COMPENSATION, Balancemenl.
   COMPEPER, Piper cubeba.
   COMPER'NIS; from com and perria, 'a gam-
 mon of bacon with the  leg on.'  One who has bis
 knees turned inwards.   A case of distortion of
 the legs.
   COMPETENTLY MEMBRORUM  OMNIUM,
 Symmetry.
   COMPLAINT,  Disease.
   Complaint, Family, see Hereditary.
   COMPLEMENTAL AIR,  see Respiration.
   COMPLEMENTARY AIR, see Respiration.
   COMPLETIO, Plethora.
   COMPLEX, Complex'tts, from com  'with,' and
 pfecteve,  plexus, 'to  twist.'  Embracing  several
 distinct things.   Chaussier uses this term, in his
 anatomical descriptions, for complicated.
   COMPLEXIO,  Coition, Complexio,  Confusio,
 Temperament.
   COMPLEXION,  Complex'io.   Often   em-
 ployed, in English, for  the  colour of the  face,
 as " He has a good complexion,"—a "sallow com-
 plexion,"  &e.   It formerly had a more extensive
 signification, and still has in France.  It signifies
 the aggregate  of  physical characters presented
 by any individual, considered with respect to his
 external   arrangement or  condition.   It  means
 more than constitution, for which it is used syno-
 nymously in many cases; and differs  from  tem-
 perament,  which is less the external condition
 of the  body than the state or disposition of the
 organs in  health.—H. Cloquet.
   COMPLEXUS,  Complex.
   Complex us  Minor, Mastoiditis lateralis, Tra-
che'/o-innstoideiis,(F.) Tracltiio-masto'idien,Muscle
 petit  Comp/cxus.  It arises from tbe transverse
processes  of the last  four cervical vertebrae, and
is  inserted into the mastoid process.
   COMPLEXUS   Mus'culus,  Bit-alter  Cervicis,
 Conijrlc.rus Mojor, Dorso-troche/oir-occipitnl, Tra-
chclo-occipitol (Ch.), (F.) Muscle grand compiextis.
A  muscle, situate at the hind part of the neck,
where it extends from the interval that separate-
the two prominent ridges on the posterior .-urface 
COMPLICATION            228               COMPTONIA
of the os occipitis to the transverse and articular
process.^  of the  last  six cervical vertebra?, as
well as to those of the first five dorsal,   It serves
to straighten, incline, and turn the head.
   COMPLICATION,  Complica'tio,  from   com
'with,' and  plicare,  'to  fold.'   In medicine,  it
means the  presence  of several  diseases,  morbi
complica'ti  seu perplex'i, or  of  several adventi-
tious circumstances foreign to the primary disease.
   COMPOSIT'ION,  Composil'io, from compo-
nere, (com and punerc, positum,  'to place;') 'to
place  together.'   Syrlthesis.   The act of  com-
posing or compounding, — of medicines for ex-
ample;  Ionintosyntax'is.  Also,  the  Compound,
 Compos'itum, or thing compounded.  Likewise, a
combination.
   COMPOSITUM, Compound.
   COMPOUND.  Same etymology; to mix me-
dicines.   To mingle   different  ingredients  into
one whole.  Used adjectively, compound signifies
the result  of  the  union of several  medicinal
agents, as " a  compound medicine."
   COMPREHKNSIO, Catalepsy.
   COMPRENSIO, Catalepsy.
   OOM'PRESS, Compr-es'sa, Splenium, Spleniola,
 Splenis'cus,  Pla'gnla, Peuit-illum,  Penie'ulum,
from  comjirimere, (com and premere, pressnm, 'to
press,')   'to  press  together.'   (F.)   Compresse.
 Folded pieces of lint or rag, so contrived  as, by
 the aid of a bandage, to make due pressure upon
 any  part.   According to their  shape, direction,
 and  use, compresses have been  called  long ( (F.)
 longuettcs,)  square  (carries,)   triangular,  prris-
 matic, graduated  (graduies,) split (fiendues,) fene-
 tries, cn'b/ies, croix de Malte,  oblique, circular,
 dividing  (divisives,) uniting  (unisantes,) cribri-
 form, &c.
   The U m s ch 1 a g or compress of the hydropa-
 thists is a cloth, well wetted  with cold  water,
 applied to the surface  near the supposed scat  of
 disease,  securely covered with  a dry  cloth, and
 changed  as  often as it becomes dry.  It is some-
 times covered  with  a layer of oiled silk, to pre-
 vent evaporation.
    COMPRESSEUR DE DUPUYTREN, Com-
 pressor of  Dupuytren — c. du  Nez, Compressor
 nasi—c.  de la  Prostate, Compressor prostatas.
    COM PR ESSIE, Compressive.
    COMPRESSIO, Compression, Thlipsis.
    COMPRES'SION, Compressio,  Enerelsis.
 Same etymology.  Pressure:   methodical  com-
 pression.  An agent  frequently  had recourse  to
 in  surgery.   We compress a limb, affected with
 oedema, rorices, hydrops articuli, callous ulcer, &c.
 The abdomen is compressed after delivery, after
 paracentesis abdominis, &e.   The compression is
 produced by means of the roller, laced stocking,
 Ac, according to the part, and  to the particular
 case.  Moderate  pressure aids  the contractility
 of parts, and excites the action of the absorbents;
 so that large  tumours at times  disappear after it
 has been used for some time.   A greater degree
 of pressure occasions, still more, the  emaciation
 of the part, but  it is  apt to impede the circula-
 tion.  Pressure is often used to stop or moderate
 the flow  of  blood in cases of aneurism or wounds
 of arteries  and  veins.  In  such  cases, the  com-
 pression may be immediate, when applied upon
 the artery itself,  or it may be mediate, when ap-
 plied  through the integuments  and  soft  parts.
 The French use  the term Compression immidiette
 latirale for that which is exerted  perpendicularly
 to the axis  of a vessel, so as  to  flatten its  sides.
 It is practised with the finger, forceps,  tourniquet,
 compresses, &c.
    CoMi'iiF.s'sioN  of the  Brain.   This may arise
 either from coagula  of blood,  a soft tumour, a.
 bony excrescence, a depressed  portion  of the
 skull, or the presence of some foreign body.  The
effects vary, according as the  compression takes
place suddenly  or  gradually.   When  suddenly,
the symptoms are  of the comatose or apoplectic
character.  When gradually, mania, convulsion*,
&c, are  more  likely to  occur.   Compression,
arising from a depressed portion of skull, requires
the use of the trephine.
   COMPRES'SIYE,  Compressions, (F.) Com.
pressifi.   That which compresses.   A compressor
bandage  is one that compresses the parts to which
it  is applied.
   COMPRES'SOR or COMPRESSO'RIUM OF
DUPUYTREN, (F.) Compresseur de Dupmjtien,
An  instrument  for compressing the femoral ur-
tery, invented by Dupuytren.   It  is constructed
on the same principles as the tourniquet of J. L.
Petit,  from which it only differs in this respect;—
that, instead of being maintained in its place by a
strap,  which always compresses more or less the
circumference of the limb, the two pads are placed
at the  extremities of a semicircle of steel, which,! y
passing  from  one  to the other without toucbii.g
the  parts, limits the pressure to  two  opposite
points of the thigh,  and permits the collateral
circulation to  go on.
   Compressor Naims, Rina'us, Nasa'lis, Trans-
verstllis Nasi, Myrtifiorm'is, Dilatato'res aln'ri.m
nasi, Constric'tor Nasi  seu  Na'rium seu A'aris,
 Triangula'ris Nasi, (F.) Maxillo-narinal, Sim-
maxil/o -nasal, — (Ch.,)    Compresseur du  viz,
 Transversal du nez. A muscle, situate at the sides
of the nose; flat and  triangular.   It arises from
the  inner part of the  fossa canina, and passes to
the  dorsum of the  nose; where it is confounded
with that of the opposite side.
   Compressor  or  Constrictor  of Nuck.  An
instrument for  compressing the  urethra, to ob-
viate  incontinence of urine.   It consists of a
girdle of iron,  which surrounds  the pelvis, to
which is fixed  a plate  of the same metal,  that
compresses the  urethra in perinao.
   Compressor   Pros'tat^e,   Prostalicus svpl-
rior,  Pnbio-prostat'icus,  Sub-pubio-prostut'ieug,
 (F.) Compresseur de la  prostate.   A muscle, ad-
mitted by Albinus, which is formed of the ante-
rior fibres of  the Levator ani, that embrace the
prostate.  It. is the Prostalicus supe'rior of
 Winslow.
   Compres'sor Ure'thRjE.  A muscle consisting
 of two portions—one  of which is transverse in its
 direction, and, in consequence of its having been
particularly described by Mr. Guthrie, has been
 called Guthrie's muscle.  It arises from tbe riunus
 of the ischium,  and passes inwards to embrace
 the membranous urethra.  The other portion is
 perpenelieular,  descending from  the pubis  and
 passing  down to be inserted into the transverse
 portion of the muscle;—Pil bio-urethra'lis.  This
 portion  has been considered by many to  be  only
 the anterior fibres of  the levator ani; and having
 been described  by Mr. Wilson, it has been called
 Wilson's muscle.
   Compressor Vex.e Dorsa'lis Penis.  A small
 muscle,  distinctly  seen in animals, less distinctly
 in man, which arises from the  ramus of tbe pubis,
 and ascending in a direction forwards is inserted
 above the vena dorsalis, joining with its fellow
 of the opposite side on  the mesial line.  Its use
 is supposed to compress the vein in erection. It
 is sometimes  called the muscle of Houston,  after
 Dr. Houston of Dublin.
   COMPRESSORIUM, Compressor.
   COMPTO'NTA ASPLENIFO'LIA, Liqiiidam'-
 bar peregrlua seu asjlenifio'lia, Myo'icu  impletlt-
 fo'lia,  Sweet Fern, Shrubby  Sweet Fern, Siceet
 bush,  Fern  bush,   Fern gale. Spleen wort  bn*h
 Meadow fern,  Astringent  root.  An indigenous
 shrubby plant, which grows  in  sandy or stony
 woods from New  England to Virginia.   It ];>•-■ 
COMPUXCTIO
229
CONCUSSION
scsses tonic and astringent properties, and is used
at a domestic remedy in  diarrhoea,  &c, in the
form of decoction.
  COMPUNCTIO, Paracentesis, Puncturing.
  COX.E-THKSIS, Cnjnaesthesis.
  COXARIUM, Pineal gland.
  CON AT US, Effort.
  COVCARNATIO. Syssarcosis.
  COXCASSER,  (F.), from  conquassare, (com
nid  qitassare, 'to  shake  much,')  'to  break  to
pieces;' ' to comminute.'  To reduce roots, woods,
&c. into small fragments, in order  that their ac-
tive  principles may  be more readily  separated
from them.
  CONCAU'SA,  Concaus'sa,  (com and  causa,)
Si/na'tion.  A cause which  co-operates with an-
other, in tbe production of disease.
  OONCAVITAS  CONCHULARIS  CEREBRI,
Iiifiindihulutn of the brain.
  CONCAVUM PEDIS, Sole.
  CONCENTRAN'TIA, from com and centrum,
'a centre.'  A name once given to absorbents  of
acids.
   CONCENTRATION.   Coneentra'tio.  A word
sometimes used, in medical theories, to express
nn afflux of fluids,  or a convergence of sensibility
or of vital force, towards an organ.   It is applied,
also, to the pulsation of arteries, when not easily
felt  under the finger.      ^
   POULS  COXCEXTRE,  (F.)   A  term  ap-
 plied by  the  French  to  a pulse  of the above
 eliar-ieter.
   CONCEPTACULA  SEMINARIA,  Vesiculse
 eeminariic.
   CONCEPTACULUM, Uterus, Vessel.
   CONCKPTIO,  Conception — c.  Vitiosa, Preg-
 nancy, extra-uterine.
   CONCEPTION. Concep'tio, Concep'tus, Cye'-
 sii,  Syllcp'sis, Androlep'sia, from  concipio, (com
 and capio,) ' I conceive.'   The impregnation  of
 t'ie  ovum by the positive  contact of  the male
 sperm, whence results a new being.  The whole
 subject  of  conception  is  most mysterious.   It
 seems to occur  as follows.  During  the  sexual
 union, the male sperm passes along the uterus
 and Fallopian tubes:  the  fimbriated extremities
 of tbe latter seize  hold of the ovarium; and  the
 sperm in this manner comes in contact  with a
 maturated ovum,  and impregnates it.  The  fe-
 cundated ovum remains some time in the ovarium,
 but at length  bursts its covering,  is laid hold of
 by  the  fimbriated extremity  of  the  Fallopian
 tubes, and passes along the tube into the cavity
 of the uterus, where it remains for the full period
 of utero-gestation.  Some  are  of opinion, that
 tbo ovum is not impregnated until it has entered
 the  Fallopian tube, or uterus.
   Conception, False, Pulsus Concep'tus, Spil-
 riitm germen, (F.) Fausse Conception, Faux gerrrre.
 An  irregular,  preternatural conception, the result
 of  which is a mole or some similar production,
 instead of a properly organized foetus.  See Mole.
   CONCEP'TUS.   The first rudiments  of  the
 fictn*. after conception.  Also, conception.
   Covcki'tus  Fai.sus, Conception, false.
   CONCHA,  Conch us, Koy%n, 'a  concave shell.'
 A liquid measure, amongst the Athenians, equal
 to half an ounce.  Anatomists apply this term to
several hollow parts of the body ;—as the Concha
ut' the Ear, — Concha  .iuris,  Concha Auric'itla ;
 (P.) Conque—the hollow part of the  cartilage  of
the  external ear.  It has. also, been applied to
tbe  genital organs of the female;  to the  pa-
tella, Ac.
  CoNcn.v, Patella,  Turbinated bone  (middle,)
Vulva — c.  Auris  interna, Cochlea — c. Cerebri,
Infundibulum of tbe brain—c. Genu, Patella—c.
Inferior, Turbinated bone,  (inferior) — c. Laby-
riuthi,  Cochlea—c.  Morgagniaua, Turbinated
bone, (superior)—c. Narium superior, Turbinated
bone, (superior.)
  CONChLE NARIUM, Turbinated bones —c.
Veneris, Turbinated bones.
  CONCHA-RUM ANTIFEBRI'LE.   A  febri-
fuge and sudorific preparation in Bates's Pharma-
copieia.  It was  composed of vinegar, mussel-
shells, and water of Carduus benedictus.
  CONCHO-HELIX.  A  small,  fleshy fascicu-
lus, attached to the concha of the ear and  helix.
It is also called the small muscle ofi the helix.
  CONCHUS,  Concha.  The  cranium.  In  the
plural, it means the orbitar cavities.—Castelli.
  Conchus Oculi, Orbit.
  CONCHYLIA. Turbinated bones.
  CONCIDENTIA, Collapse.
  CONCILIA CORPORALIA, Coition.
  CONCIL'IUM.  A milky plant, referred to by
Pliny as aphrodisiac and  antiphthisical.  Adanson
considers it to be a Campanula.
  CONCOCTED, Concoc'tus, Matura'tus, Pepei'-
rus;  from  con and coquere, 'to boil.'  Brougbt to
maturity;  ripe; concocted; digested.
  CONCOCTIO, Coction—c. Tarda, Dyspepsia.
  CONCOCTION, Coction.
   COXCOMBRE OR VIN AIRE, Cucumis sati-
vus—c. Suiivaqe, Momordica elaterium.
   CONCOMITANS, Concomitant.
   CONCOM'ITANT, Concom'itans, from con and
comitare, (itself from comire — cum and ire,) 'to
go with.'   That which accompanies. A symptom
which accompanies others.
   CONCREMATIO,  Calcination.
   CONCREMENTA  ZOOHYLICA,  see   Zoo-
hylica.
   CONCREMENTUM,  Concretion.
   CONCRETIO,  Adherence,  Concretion—c.
Palpebrarum cum bulbo  oculi, Symblepharosis.
   CONCRETION,   Concrc'tio,  Concremcrltum,
from concrescere, concretum, (con and  crescere,)
'to  condense, thicken,  become   solid:' Pexis,
Sympex'is, irrj^ts, avpirn^ts.   The act of becoming
thick or solid.  It was once used synonymously
with adhesion or growing together—as, "concre-
tion of the toes."  Most  commonly, it is applied
to extraneous  and inorganic bodies, of a solid
character,  met with  in  different  textures, after
certain chronic inflammations; or which  make
their appearance in the joints or in the reservoirs
for excrementitial  fluids.   Concretion  is,  there-
fore,  frequently synonymous  with Calculus,  and
is then rendered, in Latin, by the word Concre-
rnentum.    But  Concretion  has a more extensive
signification than Calculus; thus, accidental ossi-
fications or deposits  of phosphate of lime in  cer-
tain organs, and especially in the  liver and  lungs,
are  properly  called  osseous  concretions.   They
could not well be called  osseous calculi.
   Concretion,  Fibrinous,  Sanguineous,  Po-
lypifokm, or Polypous,  of the Heart, see Poly-
pus—c. Intestinalis, Calculus of the Stomach and
Intestines.
   CONCRETIONES  ALVINiE, Calculi of the
stomach and intestines.
   CONCUBITUS, Coition—c. Veneres, Coition.
   CONCUR'SUS, from concurrere, (con, and cur-
rere,  cur-sum, 'to  run,') 'to meet  together,' Syil-
drome.  The congeries or collection of symptoms,
which constitute and  distinguish a particular dis-
ease.
  CONCUS'SION, Comma'tion,  from  conditio,
concussum, (con and qitatere, 'to shake,') T shake
together.'   Concus'sio, T/tlasma Concus'sio, Gom-
mo'tio, Anasis'mus,  Tinagmus, (F.)  Commotion.
In Surgery, it is used  for the agitation often com-
municated to one organ by a fall upon another;
as to the brain from a fall on the  breech, Ac.
  In all  severe  injuries,  in  sudden encephalic
hemorrhage, and  in  overwhelming emotions, a 
COXDEXSAXTIA            230               CONFECTIO
concussion or shock is felt to a greater or less ex-  I
tent in  the nervous system,  which requires the
careful attention of the physician.
  Concussion of the Brain, Comma'tio Cer'ebri,
Apoplex'ia  nervo'sa traumai'ica, Encephalosis'-
■mus, (F.) Commotion du Cerveau, sometimes gives
rise to alarming symptoms, even to abolition of
the functions of tbe brain, yet without any sen-
sible  organic disease.   Slight concussion  of the
brain, called stunning, consists in vertigo, tinnitus
aurium,  loss  of memory, and  stupefaction;  all
these being temporary.  When more severe, there
is instant loss of sensation and volition, vomiting,
tbe patient being  as if in a sound sleep, but there
is no stertorous breathing.  Pulse variable, gene-
rally more rapid and feeble than in compression;
extremities cold.   Little can  be done  here,  till
reaction has  occurred: after this, the case  must
be  treated  according to  general  principles,—by
bleeding, blisters, cold applied to the head, Ac.
After severe  concussion, a patient, although ap-
parently well, is not safe till  some time after the
accident.
   C 0 N D E N S A N ' TIA, from con  and densus,
'dense;'   Inerussan'tia.    Medicines   esteemed
proper for inspissating the humours.
   CONDENSATIO, Condensation, Stegnosis.
   CONDENSATION,  Condenstltio, Iuspissa'tio.
Increase in density of the blood and other liquids,
or  of the solids, which enter into the composition
of  the human body.
   CONDENSER, see Alembic.
   Conden'ser, Liebig's.  A distillatory arrange-
ment, invented by Liebig, in which the tube con-
veying the vapour is  made to  pass through an-
other tube,  the calibre  of which  is  such  as to
leave a space between the two, through which a
stream  of  water may be made to run.
   CON'DIMENT,  Cmiimeilturn, Ar'tyma, He-
 dys'rna, Conilitilra,  from condire,  'to  season.'
 (F.) Assaissonnement.  Some Substances are called,
 at times, aliments, and at others, condiments, ac-
 cording as they constitute the basis or the acces-
 sory to  any dish: such  are cream, butter,  mush-
 rooms, olives, Ac.  Others are always condiments,
 as they are only  used to improve the savour of
 food, and contain  but little nutritive matter.  Such
 are pepper, salt, cinnamon, Ac.  Almost all con-
 diments are possessed of stimulant properties.
    COXDIT, Confectio.
    CONDITUM,  same  etymon.   A pharmaceu-
 tical compound of wine, honey, and some aro-
 matics,  especially pepper.  Also, a confection.
    CONDITURA  CADAVERUM, Embalming.
    CONDOM, Armour,  (P.) Baudruche,  Redin-
 gote  Angluise,  Gant des  Dames,  Calotte  d'assu-
 rance, Peau divine.  The intestinum cascum of a
 sheep,  soaked for some hours in water,  turned
 inside out, macerated again in weak, alkaline ley,
 changed every twelve hours, and scraped care-
 fully to abstract  the mucous membrane,  leaving
 the peritoneal and muscular coats exposed to the
 vapour of  burning brimstone,  and  afterwards
 washed with soap and water.  It is  then  blown
 up, dried,  cut. to the  length of seven or eight
 inches,  and  bordered  at  the  open  end  with a
 riband.  It is drawn over the penis prior to coi-
 tion, to prevent venereal infection and pregnancy.
 It received its name from its proposer, Dr. Con-
 dom.
    CONDUCTIO, Tonic spasm, Convulsion.
    CONDUCTION,  VIBRATIONS OF,  see
 Sound.
    CONDUCTOR,  Direc'tor, Itinera'rinm,  (F.)
 Conducteitr; from con,  'with,' and  ducere, duc-
 tnm, 'to lead.'  That which conducts.   The Con-
 ductor was an instrument,  formerly used  in the
 high operation for the  stone, for directing  the
 foroeps into the bladder.
  CONDUIT, Canal — c. Audit if externe, Audi-
tory canal, external—c. Attditif interne, Auditory
canal, internal — c. Auriculaire, Auditory canal,
external—c.  Cholidoquc, Choledoch duct—e. De-
fircnt, Deferens—c. d'Eustache, Eustachian tuba
—c. Gutturale de 1'oreil.le, Eustachian tube—c. Lit.
byrinthique,  Auditory canal, internal—c. Pterip
goidien, Pterygoid canal—c. tic la Pudeur, Vnginu
—c. Sousorbitaire, Suborbitar  canal—c. Speruni.
tique, Deferens (vas)—c.  Thoracique, Tboraeio
duct—c. Vielien,  Pterygoid  canal.
  CONDUITS  ADIPEUX,  Fatty canals — e.
Aqueitx, see  Aqueous — c. Aveugles de I'urethre,
see Cagcus—c. Dentaires,  Dental canals—c. Lju-
culateurs, Ejaculatory ducts—c. Lacryrnaitx, La-
chrymal ducts—c. Lactifet-es, Lactiferous vessels
—c. Nourriciers, Canals, nutritive—c. Nntriciern,
Canals, nutritive.
  CONDYTLARTHRO'SIS, from kovSoXos, 'aeon-
dyle,' and apOpov, 'a joint.'   Articulation  by con-
dyles.  An elongated head or  condyle, received
into an elliptical cavity.
  CON'DYLE, Con'dyle, Con'dylus, Capit'iilnm,
from kovSvXos, 'a knot, eminence.'  An articular
eminence, round in one direction, flat in the other.
A kind of process, met with more particularly in
the ginglj'moid joints;—such  as the condyles of
the occipital, inferior maxillary bone, Ac.  Some
anatomists  have  applied the  term, however, to
eminences that are not articular,—as to the late-
ral tuberosities at the inferior extremity of the o«
humeri, and  even to  certain depressions, — as to
the concave  articular .surfaces at the upper extre-
mity of  the tibia.  Chaussier calls the  transverse
root of the zygomatic process Condyle of the tem-
 poral bone.
   CONDYLI DIGITORUM MANUS, Phalanges
of the fingers.
   COND YLIEN, see Condyloid Foramina.
   CONDYLIUS, Condyloid.
   CON'DYLOID, Condyloi'deus, Oondylo'tles,
 Condylius, from kovSvXos, 'a condyle,' and titas,
 'shape.'  Having the shape of a condyle.
   Condyloid Foram'ina, Foram'ina Oondyl.tr'idea,
 (F.)  Trous condyloidiens, Fosses condyloidieniies.
 They are distinguished into anterior and pnnte-
 rior:  They are  four in number, seated in the
 occipital bone ;—two anterior, and two posterior
 to  the  condyles  or  condyloid processes of the
 same bone, and  to depressions, which  are called
 Fossa Condyloidea.
   As the word Condylo'idien means, 'that which
 has  the  shape of a condyle,'  it has been judi-
 ciously proposed by some French anatomists that
 condylien should be used  in  preference, in the
 cases of the foramina and fossae.
   CONDYLOIDIEN, see Condyloid Foramina.
   CONDYLO'MA,  Condylo'sis, Con'dylus, Yer-
 ru'ca camo'sa, from kovSvXos, 'a knot,' 'an emi-
 nence.'  A soft, fleshy excrescence, of an indolent
 character, which appears near the orifice of the
 genital  organs and  rectum, and occasionally on
 the fingers and toes.   It is a consequence of the
 syphilitic virus.  Such tumours are  also called
 Dermophy'mata vene'rea.
   CONDYLOSIS, Condyloma.
   CONDYLES, Condyloma.
   CONEFLOWER,   Rudbeckia   laciniata - c
 Purple, Echinacea purpurea.
   CONEINE, see Conium.
   CONESSI  CORTEX,  Nerium  antidysenteri-
 cum.
   CONFECTIO, Confec'tion,  from conficio, con-
 fiectum, (con and fiaceve, 'to make,') T make up.'
 Alig'ulus, (F.) Confit, Confiture, Condit.  In gene-
 ral, it means anything made up or preserved with
| sugar.   In  the  Pharmacopoeias  of  the United
| States, London, and Dublin, it includes the arti- 
COXFECTIO               231              COXFECTIO
cles before called electuaries and conserves.  Con-
fec'tSo or Coiifee'tum also means t'oufeetioiiary.
  Confectio AniEiiyiES, Alkermes.
  ComectioAmvijdala'rum, C. Amyg'dala, Con-
terra  umygi/altlnim, Almond  Confection, Almond
Paste, Post,i rc'gia sen Amygilali'na SCU Emul-
t'lva.  Bitty'rum  Amygdala'rum,  Diilcinm,  (F.)
Confection  ilAmandes.  (Street almonds,  ,^viij;
gum acacia,  3 j ;  white sugar, ^iv.  Blanch  tbe
almonds, and neat into a  paste.)  A good mode
of  keeping almonds  in a state  fit for  making
emulsions.
   Confectio Archig"eni,  C.  Paulina.  (Castor,
long  pepper,  black  pepper,  storax, gallninuin,
costus, opium,  of  each ^ss;  saffron,  ^ij ;  si/eup
of wormwood, ^ij.)  It was much recommended
as a stimulant in nervous affections.
   Confectio  Aik.mat'ica,  C. Cardi'aca seu Ra-
leigha'na,  Electua'i ium Aromat'icum, Aromatic
 Confection, Sir Walter Raleigh's  Cordial.  The
following is the  formula, (Ph. U.S.): Pulv. aro-
mat.  £ vss  ; croci,  in  pulv. ^ss ;  syrup,  atirant.
§vj:  Mel  despumat.  ^ij.   Rub  the aromatic
powder with the saffron; then add the syrup and
 honcv. and bent together un.til thoroughly mixed.
 Bose. J)j to 3J.
   Confectio  Aurantio'rum,  C. Auran'tii Cor'-
 ticis, (Ph.  U.S.),  Causer'oa Cor'ticum A.urantio'-
 rinu  seu Cor'tids  Exterio'ris  Aurantii Hispalen'-
 sis seu Flavetlinis Corticiim Aiirantiorum  Hispa-
 len'sinm seu Aurantii  seu Citri Aurantii, Confec-
 tion  of  the  Orange,  Conserve  ofi Orange Peel.
 ( Yellow part of  the peel of the orange, Ibj ; rec-
 tified sugar, tbiij ; beat into  a conserve.)  It  is
 stomachic,  and an  agreeable vehicle, coirigent,
 and adjuvant for other remedies.   Dose, ^ss.
   Confectio Cardiaca, Confectio aromalica.
   CoXFEctio Cas'si.e, Conserva cassia, Electna'-
 rinin Cassia Fis'tnla seu Cassia seu e Cass id seu
 laiitti'vum seu Cassia  tamarinda'turn seu leniti'-
 riini  sen c  Cassia, Diacas'sia  cum Manna, Cassia
  Confection.  (Cassia  2}"lpr   Ibss;  manna,  ^ij;
 tamarind  pulp,   ^j ;   syrup  of  roses,   f^viij.
 Bruise the  manna, dissolve  by  heat,  mix  the
 pulp, and evaporate.—(Ph. L.)  It is gently laxa-
 tive.  Dose, ^ss.
   Confec'tio  Cat'echu Compos'itum, Electua'-
 ritim Catechu,  Compound Confec'tion of Catechu.
  (Pulv. catechu comp. f,sT  (avoirdupois);  Syrup.
 f^v, mix.   (Ph. D.)   The  Edinburgh confection
 is formed  of catechu and kino, each ^iv; cinna-
 mon,  and nutmeg, each t^j; opium, diffused in a
 little sherry, ^iss ; Syrup of Red Roses, of the
 consistence of honey,  Oiss (Imp.  meas.): mixed
 and  thoroughly   beaten together.   A grain  of
 opium is  contained  in about 200 grains of the
 mass.  Dose, as an astringent, 3SS to 5jj-
   Confectio Damocratis,  Mithridate.
   Confectio Hamec—so called from an Arabian
 physician — was  composed of the  bark  of  the
 yellow myrobalans, black myrobalans, rio/ets, pulp
 of colacynth, polypodium  of the oak, /cures  ofi
 rroriiiwootl, thyme, aniseed, fennel, red roses, pulps
 of prunes,  raisins, sugar,  honey,  senna, rhubarb,
  &c.  It was used as a purgative in glystcrs.
   Confectio Hyacin'thi,  Hy'acinth Confection,
 Elictnilrium seu Confec'tio  tie Croco emenda'ta
 oliui dicta  de  hyacin'this, (Ph. P.)  A tonic  and
 slightly astringent confection, composed, accord-
 ing  to Baume, of  terra sigillata, crabs' stones,
 cinnamon,  leaves  of the dittany  of Crete, myrrh,
 saffron, syrup of lemon, camphor, Narbonne honey.
 oil of lemon, Ac.: and formerly the hyacinth was
 added, whence its name.
   Confectio 0'imi. C.opia'ta, Elcctna'rium Opia'-
 tuiu sou O'pt'i,  Philir'nium Londinen'se sou Roma'-
 uum, Theriaca Edincn'sis, Electua'riiim Theba'-
 icitm. Opium  Couficcifm,  (Opium,  in  powder,
 5iv.-.-; Pule, aromat. ^vj; Mel despumat, 3xiv;
mix  thoroughly.   One  grain  of opium in 36: —
Ph. U. S.)   It is  narcotic and stimulant.  Dose,
gr. x to ^j.
  Confectio Paulina, Confectio Archigeni — c.
ex Capitibus papaveris, Diacodium.
  Confectio Pip'eris,  C. Piperis nigri, Electua'-
riiim Piperis; Ward's Paste fior Fis'tula.  (Black
pepper, elecampane root, each  Tbj ; fennel seed,
Ibiij ; honey and  sugar,  each  Ibij,  (Ph. U. S.)
Dose, size  of a nutmeg, three or four  times  a
day.
  Confectio Raleighana, Confectio aromatica.
  Confectio Ros^e, C. Rosa  Gal'lica seu  Rosa
rubra,  Conser'va  Rosa seu  Rosa  Gal'lica  seu
Florum Rosa'rum Rubra'rum seu Florum  Rosa
Rubra, Rhodosac'charum,  Sac'chamtm  Rosa'cc-
nm, Confection of the Red Rose.  (Reel roses, in
powder, ^iv; Sngar;in powder, ^xxx; Clarified
honey, §vj;  Rose water,  f^viij.  Rub the roses
with the rose water at a  boiling heat; then add
gradually  the sugar and honey, and beat until
thoroughly mixed.—Ph. U. S.)   It is astringent,
and chiefly used as a vehicle  for other remedies.
  Confectio Ros.b  Cani'n^e,  Conser'ra  Rosa
Cani'na seu Rosa Fructii.s  seu Cynos'bati  seu
Cynor'rhodi, Rob Cynos'batos, Confection or Con-
ner re ofi Dog Rose.  (Pit/jr ofi dog rose, Ibj ; sugar,
^xx.   Incorporate.  Ph. L.)   It is chiefly used
as a vehicle for other remedies.
  Confectio Rut.*:,  Confection  of  Rue.  (Rue
leaves, dried, carraway seeds,  bay berries, of each
^iss; sagitpenitur, giv ; black pepper, 3'j  • honey,
^xvj.   Mix.—Ph. L.)  It is  given in clysters, as
an antispasmodic  and  carminative.
  Confectio de  San'talis, Confection of the
Sanders, (F.) Confection de  Sandaux.   (Sandal
wood,  red  coral,  bole  armeniac,  terra sigillata,
kermes  berries,  tormentil root, dittany,  saffron,
myrtle, red roses, calcined hartshorn, and cloves.)
It was formerly used as an astringent.
  Confectio Scammo'nii, Electua'riiim Scammo'-
nii seu e Scammo'nio, Caryocoslinum, Confection
ofi  Scam'mony.   (Powdered scammony,  3'ss '
bruised cloves, powdered ginger,  aa  £vj  ; oil ofi
carraway,  £$s; syrup of roses, q. s.— Ph. L.)  A
stimulating cathartic.   Dose, gss to 3J-
  Confectio Sf.nn.-e, Electua'riiim Cassia Senna,
E. Senna  cum Pulpis seu Senna compos'itum sen
ape'r-iens  seu cath.olicum cornmu'ne  seu diaqiril-
num seu eccoprot'icum seu Senna seu e Senna seu
lenitlvum,  Benedic'tnm  Laxatlvum, Confection
of Senna, Lerlitive Elec'tuary, Ac.  (Senna leaves,
^viij ; figs, Ibj ; tamarind pulp, cassia pulp, pjilp
of French  prunes, each Ibss ;  coriander seed, t^iv ;
liquorice   root,  ^iij;  sugar, tbiiss; water, Oiv.
Rub the senna and coriander together:  separate
10 ounces  of the  powder with  a sieve;  boil the
residue with the figs  and liquorice root in the
water to one-half; press out the liquor and strain.
Evaporate the liquor by means of a water bath
to a pint and a half; add the sugar, and form  a
syrup.  Rub the pulps with the syrup, gradually-
added; throw in the sifted powder,  and beat till
thoroughly mixed.—Ph.  U. S.)   It is a laxative,
and is used in habitual constipation, and in^con-
stipation during pregnancy.  Dose, gss t0  5SS-
   Confectio Sulph'uris, Confection of Sulphur.
(Sulphur,  subliin. §ij ; Potass. Bitart. 5J  ; Mel.
despumat.  %j ;  Syrup. Zingib. Syrup Croci, aa
f^ss.   M.—Ph.  D.)   As a laxative and altera-
tive.   Dose, ^j to 2['j-
   Confectio Terebinth'iNjE, Confec'tion of Tttr'-
pentine.   (Ol. Tereb. f£j ;  Pulv. Glycyrrhiz. t^j ;
Mel.  despumat.  5jij. — Ph. D.)   An  agreeable
mode of administering  turpentine.  Dose, a scru-
ple to a drachm.
   Confectio de  Thure, Frank'incense Confec-
tion, (F.)  Confection d'Encens.   A compound of
coriander  seeds,  nutmeg, thus, liquorice,  mastich, 
CONFECTION             232             CONGLOBATE
cnbebs, prepared hartshorn, conserve of red roses,
mgar, Ac.
  CONFECTION, Confectio—c. d'Amandes, Con-
fection,  almond—c. of Catechu, compound, Con-
fectio catechu compositum—c. d'Encens, Confectio
de Thure—c. Frankincense,  Confectio de  Thure
c. of tbe Orange, Confectio aurantiorum — c. of
trie Red rose, Confectio rosaa Gallicae—c. of Rue,
Confectio rutae—c. de Sandaux, Confectio de san-
talis—c. of the  Sanders, Confectio de santalis—c.
of Sulphur, Confectio sulphuris"-c. of Turpen-
tine, Confectio  terebinthinae.
  CONFECTUM, Confection.
  CONFERVA HELMINTHOCORTOS,  Coral-
1 ilia  Corsicana.
  Confer'va  Riva'lis.  This  species  of River
 Weed  has  been  recommended  in cases of spas-
modic asthma,  phthisis, Ac.
  CONFINEMENT, Parturient state.
  CONFIR.MANTIA, Tonics.
  CONFIRMED, Consummatus.
  COXFIT, Confectio.
  COXFITURE, Confectio.
  CON'FLUENT, Con'finens, from con, and flu-
ei-e, 'to flow'   'Running together.'  An  epithet
for certain exantbemntous affections, in which the
pimples, pustules,,Ac, run together.   It  is par-
ticularly applied  to small-pox,  so circumstanced.
Some autbors  have  called scarlatina or scarlet
fever Confluent Measles, Morbilli Confluerltes.
  COX FLU EXT DES SIX US, Torcular Hero-
phili.
  CONFLUENTIA, Confcedera'tio; same ety-
mon as Confluent.   A term, employed  by Para-
celsus to express  the concordance between a dis-
ease and its remedies.
  CONFLUXIO, Sympathy.
  CONFCEDERATIO, Confluentia.
  C0NFORMATI0,  Conformation, Structure.
  CONFORMATION, Conformtltio, Diap'lasis,
Diap/as'mus, Structure,  from  conformare,  (con,
and formare, fiormatum, 'to form,') 'to  arrange,'
' dispose.'  The natural disposition  or  arrange-
ment of  the body.
  Faulty conformation, (F.) Vice de conformation,
is vice of original formation ; existing, of course,
from birth.  In French surgery, Conformation is
used synonymously with Coaptation, and both it,
Diuplasis and  Anaplasis mean, also, restoration
to the original  form—as in fractures, Ac.
  CONFORTANTIA, Tonics.
  CONFORTATIVA, Tonics.
  COXFOUTER (F.), Confirma're, Conforta're,
Corrobonlre,  (con,  and  fortis, 'strong.')   To
make stronger  — to give energy.  Confiorter Ves-
tomac,  'to strengthen the stomach.'
  CONFRICA'TION, Confirica'tio, from  confiri-
care, (con, and  fricare, fricatnm,) 'to rub.' The
action of reducing a friable substance to powder,
by rubbing it  between the fingers; and  of ex-
pressing the juice of a plant with the hand.
  CONFRICATRIX, from con,  'with,' and fri-
care, fricatnm,  'to rub.'  A female who practises
masturbation.
  CONFU'SiE FEBRES.   Intermittents,  whose
paroxysms are  irregular and  confused.—Bellini.
  CONFU'SIO, from confundo, (con and fiundere,
fusum,  'to pour,') T mix together;' Syn'chisis.
A disease of the  eye, which consists in  the mix-
ture of the humours.—Galen.   In modern  times,
Synchysis  has  been applied  to a morbid state of
the  vitreous body, in which it  is reduced to a
diffluent condition.   Occasionally, sparkling bo-
dies  are perceptible,  which seem to be seated be-
hind  the crystalline, in  the  vitreous  humour:
hence, the disease has been called sparkling syn-
chysis  or spinthero'pia,  from otrivdnp,  'a spark,'
and  (d^, 'the  eye;'  (F.) Spintkiropie,  Scintille-
ment  de  ler.il.   Confusio has, also, been used sy-
nonymously with  Complcxio.
  CONFUSIONES  ANIMI,  Affections of the
mind.
  CONGEE   DISCHARGES,  Rice-water  dis-
charges.
  CONGELANTIA, Congelativa.
  CONGELATIO, Catalepsy.
  CONGELA'TION,  Congela'tio,  Conglacia'tio,
Gela'tio, from congelo, (con, and gel-are, gelatum,)
'I congeal,' T freeze.'  The action of congealing,
of passing to the solid  state by the abstraction of
heat; as congelation of water, mercury, Ac.   The
term  had once other acceptations.  1. It was sy-
nonymous with concretion.  2. With coagulation,
in which  sense  it is still occasionally employed,
3. The ancients called  all diseases, produced by
cold,  congelations, as well as\hose in which there
was a kind of stupor or torpor—particularly cata-
lepsy.  Also,  Frostbite, (Prov.) Keenbite.
  Congelation of  a part, by  the  application of
powdered ice or of a freezing mixture, in a blad-
der or gauze bag, has been employed to induce
anaesthesia in the  lesser surgical  operations.  It
has also  been used in external inflammation.
  CONGELATI'VA '  MEDICAMENTA,  Con.
glutinan'tia, Congclan'tia.  Medicines, considered
capable of uniting or consolidating wounds, Ac,
  CON'GENER,  Congeii'crous,  from con,   and
genus, generis,  'kind.'   (F.)  Gonginire. Of  the
same kind or species.  Resembling each other in
some manner.   When  applied  to  muscles, it
means, that they concur in the same  action; in
opposition to  the  word antagonist, or that which
acts in an opposite direction.
  In Prance  Gonginires is applied to those who
join in the dissection of the same subject.
  COXGEXIAL, Congenital.
  CONGENTALIS, Congenital.
  CONGENITA  NOT.E, Neevus.
  CONGEN'ITAL, Con'genite, Congenia'lis, Con.
getlitus,  Syngerlicns, from con, and genitns, 'be-
gotten.'  (F.)  Conginial ou Congirtital.  Diseases
which infants have at birth :  hence, Congenital
affections are those that depend on faulty confor-
mation ;  as congenital kernia, congenital cataract,
Ac.    See Connate.
  CONGESTED, Hyperoamic.
  CONGESTIO,  Congestion —c. Abdominalis,
Coelisemia—c. Pectoris, Stethaemia— c. Pulino-
num,  Stethaemia—c. Sanguinis, Congestion.
  CONGESTION, Conges'tio,  Rhope, from eon-
gerere, (con, and gercre, gestum,  'to carry,')  'to
amass,'  'accumulate,' Ac.   Symph'ora, Hcemate-
pago'ge,  Hamatosymphore'sis,  Hamatnsynago'ije,
Hamorme'sis,  Symphore'ma, Symphore'sis, Sijna-
throis'mus, Synathroe'sis,  Sau'giiinis Conges'tio,
Engorgement.   Accumulation  of  blood—hypere-
mia—in  an organ.  It is an important  symptom
in febrile and other disorders.  It may arise either
from an extraordinary flow of blood by the arte-
ries, or from a difficulty in the return of blood to
the heart by  the veins.   More often, perhaps, it
is owing to the latter cause, and is termed venous
congestion, stasis or stagnation — being not unu-
sually attended with symptoms of oppression  and
collapse.  See Hyperaemia.
  Congestion  of  the Abdomen, Coeliaemia —c.
of the Brain, Stethaemia—c. Ciribrale, Cephalo-
haemia—c. du Cerveau, Cephalohaemia—c. of  the
Lungs,  Stethaemia — c. des Poumons, Stetha;mia
—c. Sanguine ruchidienne, Hypermyeloh»?mia.
  CONGESTTVE, Congesti'vus,  (F.) Congestrf.
Belonging or relating to,  or  affected with, con-
gestion—as 'congestive fever.'
  Congestive Fever, see Fever,  congestive.
  CONGLACIATIO, Congelation.
  COS(iLQ'HATE,Congloba'tus, from conglolari, 
CONGLOBil              233                 CONOID
(eon, and  globus, 'a ball,') 'to collect,' 'to gather
into n ball.'  (F.) Cong/obi.
  Conci.obatk   Gland,  Glan'dula  congloba'ta,
Ihplrudeii, Globule gland, Lymphalic gan'glion,
(F.) Glautte Conglobie,  Ganglion  lymphatique.
A round body, formed of lymphatic vessels, con-
nected together  by cellular structure, but having
neither  a cavity nor excretory duct.   The me-
senteric, inguinal and axillary glands are of this
class.
  COXGLORE, Conglobate.
  CONGLOM'ERATE, Conglomera'tns, from con,
and glomerate, gloincratum, 'to gather in a heap.'
(ilom'erate, Glomera'tus, (F.) Conglomiri. Heaped
together.
  Conglomerate Glands,  Glan'dula conglome-
ra'ta seu  vasculo'sa, are those whose lobules are
united under the same membrane; as  the liver,
kidney, testicle,  Ac.
  CONGLOMERATE INTESTINORUM, Epi-
ploce intestinalis.
  CONGLUTINANTIA, Congelativa.
   COXURES (F.),  Congress,  Congres'sus, from
compe.di, congressns, (con, and gradi, 'to go,') 'to
go  together.'  This term, which has often been
used synonymously with Coition, means, also, the
ocular  proof, formerly  ordered by  judicial  au-
thority, in the presence of surgeons and  matrons,
to test the impotence or capabilities of parties ;—
n most unsatisfactory  and  indecent exhibition.
It was forbidden by the Parliament of Paris in
the year K'.(i7.
   CONGRESSUS, Coition.
   CONI VASCULO'SI, Cor'pora pyramida'lia
testis.   Conical bundles, formed by the vasa effe-
rentia  of  tbe testis; having their base  towards
the epididymis, into the tube of which they enter.
   CONIA, Koi'ia. A wine, prepared  by ferment-
ing the must of the grape on tar previously washed
in  sea-water. —  Orfila.   See, also, Conium, and
Lixivium.
  CONIASTS. Incrustation.
   COXICIXE, see Conium.
  CoXII FOLIA, see Conium — c. Semen, see
Conium.
   CO XT EVE, see Conium.
   COXIXE, see Conium.
  CONIOSTOSIS, Pulverization.
  CON IS, Pulvis.
  CONISTERIUM, Apodyterium.
  CONI'UM, C. macula'turn,  Ablotes,  Coriarl-
drnni macnla'tum, Cicuta major seu macula'ta seu
Stoerkii seu tcrres'tris seu major fee'tida  seu vul-
ga'ris,  Common  or Poison  Hemlock,  Hemlock,
Poison parsley,  Spotted parsley,  (Sc.)  Humloik,
(F.) Cigue  ordinaire,  C. grande  ou officinale.
Ord. Umbelliferae.  Sex. Syst. Pentandria Digy-
nia. The leaves, Coni'i Folia, and seeds, Conii
Semen, are narcotic and poisonous  in  an  over-
dose.   Light destroys the virtues of the leaves:
nnd, therefore,  the  powder  should  be  kept in
opaque bottles, well corked.   It has been used as
a palliative in cancer and other painful affections ;
but is  not equal to opium.   Externally, it has
been applied in  fomentation  to  cancerous  and
scrofulous ulcers.  Dose, gr. ij to x.
  Its active principle is Coni'a, Conine, Coniine,
Coniine, Conicine, Cicittine.  It, or its salts, have
been given as sedatives to  the  nervous centres
in various neuralgic and spasmodic diseases.  It
is a most energetic poison.
  Da'ridson's Remedy for Cancer is  said to con-
sist of powdered  hemlock and arsenious acid.
  Conium Moscha'tum, Araeacha. A very agree-
able and nutritive kind of tuberous vegetable, in
flavour  not  unlike celery, which grows on the
coast of Peru, but is more abundant on  the pro-
jecting ridges of the Cordilleras, and on  the east-
| em declivity of the Andes.  It is cooked by being
 either simply boiled in water, or made into a kind
 of soup.—Tschudi.
    COXJOXCTIVE,  Conjunctiva.
    CON.IONCT1VITE, see Ophthalmia— c. Blen-
 norrhai/iipie, see Ophthalmia.
    CON.IUGAISON, Conjugation.
    CON J UGA'TION,  Conjuga'tio, from conjugare,
 conjugatum, (con, and jugitur, 'a yoke,')  'to yoke
 together.'  (F.) Conjugaison.  Assemblage, union,
 — Couju'gium.
    Conjugations Foram'ina, (F.) Trous de con-
 jugaison.  The apertures at the sides of the spine,
 formed by the union of the notches of the  verte-
 brae.  They give passage  to the nerves of the
 spinal  marrow, and to the vessels which enter or
 issue from the vertebral canal.
    CONJUGIUM, Coition, Conjugation.
    CONJUNCTI(MORBI),fromco)y»»9ere, (con,
 and jungere, jurictum.) 'to join together.'  Dis-
 eases  joined  together.  Authors  have  distin-
 guished two kinds  of these:  one, in which  the
 diseases go on simultaneously — morbi connex'i;
 the other,  in  which  they succeed each other —
 morbi consequerltes.
    CON.IUNCTIO, Articulation.
    CONJUNCTIVA, CUTICULAR,  Xerophthal-
 mia—c. Granular, Trachoma.
    Conjunctiva  Membra'na,  Circumcaula'lis,
 Epipeph'ycos, Tu'nica agua'ta  seu  adna'ta  seu
 conjiineti'va, Tunda oc'uli. (F.)  Conjunctive, Jlern-
 brane  adnie.   A mucous  membrane,  so called
 because it  unites the globe of the  eye  with  the
 eyelids.  It covers the anterior surface of the eye,
 the inner surface of the eyelids, and tbe caruncula
 lacrymulis.  It possesses great general  sensibi-
 lity, communicated  to it  by the fifth  pair.
    CONJUNCTIVITIS,  Ophthalmia —c. .Egyp-
 tiaca, Ophthalmia, purulent — c. Blennorrhagica,
| see Ophthalmia—c.  Catarrhalis,   Ophthalmia,
 catarrhal — c. Gonorrhoica, see  Ophthalmia — c.
 Puro-mucosa catarrhalis, Ophthalmia, catarrhal
 —c. Puro-mucosa contagiosa seu JEgyptiaca, Oph-
 thalmia, purulent.
    CON JUNG ENS,  Communicans.
    CONNATE, Conna'tus, (F.)  Conni, from con,
 and natus, 'born with.'
    Connate  Diseases,  (F.)  3Ialadies  connies,
 Morbi conna'ti, are such  as an individual is born
 with :—connate having the  same signification as
 congenital.   A difference  has been made  by some,
 however; those diseases  or conditions which  are
 dependent   upon original  conformation,  being
 called congenital; — whilst the diseases or affec-
 tions that may have supervened during gestation
 or delivery,  are termed connate.
    CONNE, Connate.
    CONNECTICUT, MINERAL WATERS OF.
 There is a mineral spring  at  Stafford, in this State,
 twenty-four miles from Hartford, which has ob-
 tained more celebrity  than any one in New Eng-
 land.  Its principal  ingredients are iron  and car-
 bonic  acid.   It,  consequently,  belongs to the
! class of acidulous chalybeates.   There are other
 springs in the State, of which, however, little that
 is  accurate  is known.
    CONNECTIVE TISSUE.  Cellular tissue.
    COXNERVATIO, Syndesmosis.
    CONNEXIO OSSIUM CARNOSA, Syssnrco-
 sis—c.  Cartilaginea, Synchondrosis—c. Ligamcn-
 tosa, Syndesmosis.
    C 0 N N U T R I' T U S, Syrltrophos, from eon,
, 'with,' and nutrior,  niitritum,'to be nourished.'
 A  disease is so called which has  grown  up, as it
| were, with  an individual, or has been  connate
 with him.—Hippocrates,  Galen.
    CONOID, ConoVdeus, Cono'i'des, from  koivos, 'a
| cone,' and etios, 'shape.'  (F.) Conoide.  Resem-
' bling a cone. 
       COXOIDAL SUBSTAXCE

  Conoid Lig'ament, Ligamen'tum cono'i'des.   A
ligament, passing from the coracoid process to the
scapula, and forming part of the coraco-clavicular
ligament of some anatomists.
  COXOIDAL  SUBSTANCE  OF  THE KID-
NEY, see Kidney.
  CONOIDES CORPUS, Pineal gland.
  COXOPHTHALMIA. Staphyloma corneae.
  COXQ UASSAXT, (F.) Conquas''sans, from con,
'with,' ' together,' and quassare, 'to shake.'  Dou-
leurs conquassantes are  the pains of parturition,
at the time of their greatest intensity,  when the
head is engaged in the pelvis.
  CONQUASSATION,  Conquassa'tio, Quassa'-
tio,  Quassatu'ra.  Same etymon.  A pharmaceu-
tical operation,  which consists in dividing, with
a pestle, fresh vegetables, fruits, Ac.   See Con-
frication.
  CONQUASSATIONES ANIMI, Affections of
the mind.
  COX QUE, Concha.
  CONSCIOUSNESS, DOUBLE.  A somnam-
bulistic condition, in which the individual leads,
as it were, two lives,  recollecting in each condi-
tion what occurred in previous conditions of the
same  character, but knowing nothing  of the
occurrences of  the  other.  See Duality of the
Mind.
  CONSECUTIVE, Consecuti'vus,  from  con,
'with,' and sequor, secutus, 'to follow.'
  Consecutive  Phenom'ena or Symptoms, (F.)
Phinomenes ou  aecideus consicntifis, are such as
appear after the cessation of a disease, or,  accord-
ing  to others,  during  its decline;  but without
having any direct  connexion with it.
  CONSENSUAL, see Instinctive.
  CONSENSUS, Consent of parts, Sympathy.
  Consen'sus Oculo'rum.   The intimate  asso-
ciation between the two eyes, as exemplified in
their consentaneous action in health, and often in
disease.
  CONSENT OF  PARTS, Consen'sus, Consen'-
sus  par'ti urn, Synipathi' a, from  con, and  sent ire,
sensnm, 'to feel;' (F.) Consentement des Par-ties.
That relation of different parts of the body with
each other which is more  commonly denominated
sympathy.
  COXSEXTEMEXT DES  PARTIES,  Con-
sent of parts.
  CONSERVATION,  Conserva'tio, Phylax'is,
from conservare, (con, and servare, servatum.) 'to
preserve :' (F.)  Conservation, Asservation.  The
art  of preserving  any object of pharmacy,  any
remedial ascent,  Ac. from decay.
  CONSER'VA, Conserve, (F.)  Conserve, E/ec-
tuaire simple, Saccharoli  mou.  Same etymon.
A pharmaceutical  preparation,  composed  of  a
vegetable substance and  a sufficient quantity of
sugar  beaten into a uniform  mass.  See Confec-
tion.
  Conserva  Absin'thii,  C. absin'thii  marilimi,
Conserve of Wormtoood.  (Leaves tbj, sugar Ibiij.)
It has been employed as  a tonic, stomachic, and
vermifuge.
  Conserva  Amygdalarum, Confectio amygda-
la rum.
  Conserva Anoel'icb,(Ph. P.) Conserve d'Angi-
lique,  C. of Angelica.   (Pulp of root 250 parts ;
•white  sugar,  boiled in  a decoction  of  the  root,
and  reduced to the consistence of a solid  electu-
ary,  1000  parts.)  It  is tonic, aromatic, and sto-
machic.
  Conserva  de A'pio  Graveolen'te  (Ph. P.),
Conserve d' Ache, Conserve ofi Smal/age.  Prepared
like  the preceding.  Reputed to have  the same
properties.
  Consf.RVA  Ari.  Conserve  of  Arum.   (Fresh
root  Ibss, sugar tbiss.)  Esteemed to be diuretic
and stimulant.
14             CONSONANT

   Conserva Aurantii, Confectio aurantiorum—
 c.  Cassia-,  Confectio  cassias—c.  Citri aurantii,
 Confectio aurantiorum.
   Conserva Cochlea-rue IIorten'sis, Consent
 of Lemon Scurvy Grass.  (Leaves tbj, sugar- Ibiij.)
 Reputed to be stimulant and antiscorbutic.
   Conserva   Corticis  Exterioiiis  Aurantii
 Hispalensis,  Confectio  aurantiorum — c. Curti-
 cum  aurantiorum,  Confectio   aurantioruin — c,
 Florum rosarum rubrarum, Confectio n.sie (ial.
 licag — c. Cynoshnti, Confectio rosne  caninae — c,
 Cynorrhodi, Confectio rosue caninm — c. Fiiivedi-
 nis  corticis aurantiorum Hispalensium, Confec-tio
 aurantiorum.
   Conserva Lu'juljE, C. Folio'rum hljula. Cm,.
 serve  ofi  Woodsorrcl.   (Leaves tbj, sugar Ibiij.)
 Gratefully acid and refrigerant.
   Conserva  Menth/E, C. Mentha folio'mm, 0.
 Mentha sati'va, Conserve  of Mint.   (Leaves Ibj,
 sugar Ibiij.)  Stomachic in nausea  and vomiting.
   Conserva  Pruni Sylves'tris,  C. l'ruua> mjl
 vestris, Pulpa pruno'rum  sy/res'trium cnntli'iu,
 Conserve  ofi Sloes, (Pulp 1 part, sugar 3 parts,)
 Possessed of astringent properties.
   Conserva Ros.b, Confectio  rosa? Gallicre—c.
 Rosas caninae, Confectio rosae  caninie — c. Ki.sas
 fructus, Confectio rosae caninae — c.  Rosa; (Jalli-
 cae. Confectio rosae Gallicae.
   Conserva Sen, l.JR,  Conserve ofi Squill,  (fresh
 squills ^j, sugar ,^x.)   Possesses the diuretic and
 other  virtues of tbe squill.
   CONSERVE,  Conserva,  see  Confectio—c,
 d'Ache, Conserva  de   apio  graveolente — c. of
 Aloes, Conserva  pruni sylvestris — c. of Lemon
 scurvy grass, Conserva cochleariae  hortensis — c.
 of Mint, Conserva mentha? — c. of Orange, Con-
 fectio  aurantiorum—c. of Roses (red), Confectio
 rosae gallicae — c. of Smallage, Conserva de apio
 graveolente — c. of Woodsorrel, Conserva lujulas
 —c. of Wormwood, Conserva absinthii.
   COXSER VES, Spectacles.
   CONSIDEN'TIA, from considere, (con and
 sedo)  'to settle.'   This word  has two accepta-
 tions.  1. It is synonymous with Apocatastasis,ai\i
 means restoration or cessation, and the subsiding
 of a humour, as thearine ; and 2. It signifies con-
 traction of  any cavity or canal:—See Synezisis.
   CONSISTEN'TIA,  Consistere, (con and sistere)
 'to stand still.' A term employed  in two senses.
 1. When joined to the word Morbi or sEtatis. it
 expresses the  acme of  a disease,  or  the age at
 which  the  constitution  has  acquired  its full
 strength.   2.  By Consisterltia  humo'ris is meant
 the  density of a humour.
   CONSOLIDA  MAJOR,  Symphytum — c. Me-
 dia, Ajuga, Chrysanthemum leucanthemum — c.
 Minor, Prunella—c. Regalis, Delphinium eonso-
 lida — c. Rubra, Tormentil — c. Saracenica, Soli-
 dago virgaurea.
   CONSOLIDANTIA,  Consolidatlra  Medica-
 merlta, from con, and solidus, solid.  Substances,
 formerly given for the purpose of consolidating
 wounds, or strengthening cicatrices.
   CONSOLEDATIVA, Consolidantia.
   CONSOMME (¥.),  Consumma'tum, from con-
 summit, (con and summa) ' I add together,' Zmims.
 Soup  strongly charged  with gelatin, and conse-
 quently very nutritious, although not proportion-
 ably easy of digestion.
   COXSOMP TION, Consumption
   CONSONANCE, see Sound.
   CON'SONANT, Con'sonans, from consnno. Mo
 sound together,' (eon, 'with,'and sono,'to sound.')
 because it is generally believed that  a consonant
 cannot bo properly expressed, except when con-
 joined with a vowel.  Physiologically, a breath,
 or sound  produced in  the larynx, winch  suffers
 more or less interruption in its passage through
 the vocal tube.
21 
CONSORTIUM             2
   CONSORTIUM, Sympathy.
   COX SOU DE. GRANDE, Symphytum.
   CONSOUND. MIDDLE, Ajuga.
   CONSPERSIO, Catapasma.
   CONSl'ICILLA, Spectacles.
   CONSPIRATIO. Sympathy.
   CONSTELLATTM   UNGUEN'TUM.    An
 ointment  composed  of  cleansed earthworms!
 dried and pulverized ;  and of the fat of the bear
 or wild boar.  It was formerly employed in tooth-
 aeh, and to hasten the cicatrization of wounds.
   CONSTERNATIO, Stupor.
   CON'STTPATEI),  Constipa'tus, fProv.)  Maw-
 bound, (F.) Constipi ;  same  etymon as the next.
 A flee ted with constipation; Costive; Bound, Bel-
 lyboniid.
   COVSTIPATIO, Constipation, Stegnosis.-
   CONSTIPATION,  Constipa'tio, from consti-
 pate, (eon and stipare, stipatum,) 'to cram close.'
 Ohnlipa'tio, Adstrie'tin. Arcta'tio, Obstipa'tio seu
 Ileten'tio ali-lua, Ischocoi'lia, Alvus astric'ta seu
 aihtrie'ta  seu tarda  seu  dura  seu  scgnis,  Ob-
 ttrue'tio sen Snppres'sio airi. 0.  Ductus alimen-
 tu'rii, 0. iutestiiia'lis. Torpor intestino'rum, Styp-
 Sl's,  Constipa'tio  obi.   Copras'tasis,  Acop'ria,
 Acopro'sis, Cojiroepis'ehesis, fschocop'ria, Dyscol-
 Urn, (F.) Eehauffernent,  Ventre resserri, Cost'ive-
 uess,  Facal  Retell tion,  Alvine obstruction.  A
 State of tbe bowels, in which the evacuations do
 not take place as frequently as usual; or are in-
 ordinately hard, and expelled with difficulty.  It
 may be owing either to diminished action of the
 muscular coat of the intestines, or to  diminished
 secretion from the mucous membrane, or to both.
 Catharfics will usually  remove it;  after which
 its  exciting  and predisponent  causes  must be
 inquired  into  and obviated,  to  render the cure
 permanent.
   CONSTIPATUS, Constipated.
   COXSTTPlE,  Constipated.
   CONSTITUENS, Vehicle, see Prescription.
   CONSTTTUTIO, Constitution, Habit of  body
 — e. Aeris, Constitution  of  tbe  atmosphere — c.
 Epidemic.!, Constitution,  epidemic — c.  Nervosa,
 Nervous diathesis.
   CONSTITUTION,  Const itu'tr'o,  Catas'tasis,
 Status, from  con, and  slatuerc, from  stare, ' to
 stand.'  A collection  of several  parts, forming a
 whole. In medicine, Constitution means the state
 of all  the organs of the  human body considered
 in regard to their special and  relative  arrange-
 ment, order, or activity.  A good constitution is
 one in which  every organ is well developed, and
 endowed  with due energy,  so  that  all perform
 their functions with equal facility.  Any want of
 equilibrium  in their  development and energy
 forms  a difference in the constitution.  We say
 that a man is of n good  or robust, a  delicate or
 weak constitution, when he is commonly healthy,
 or commonly labouring under, or unusually sus-
 ceptible of, disease.
   Constitution,  Arterial, Plethora arteriosa.
   Constitu'tion of the At'mosphere, Constitil-
 tin A'i:ris,  (F.) Constitution Alrnosphiriqiie.   The
 condition of  tbe atmosphere, as regards dryness
 and humidity, temperature,  heaviness, direction
 of the winds,  Ac, considered as respects its in-
 fluence on  the  animal economy.
   Constitution, Epidem'ic  Constitu'tio epidem'-
 icn. Med'ical  Constitution, (F.)  Constitution mi-
 dicale, C.  ijridimiqiie.  The aggregate of meteor-
 ological conditions, so far as they are appreciable,
 durinsr which diseases prevail epidemically.
   CONSTITUTIONAL.   (F.)   Constitutionnel.
 Belonging  to  the constitution of an individual:
 to  bis manner of being ; as constitutional phthisis,
 c  gout. Ac.   By sonic, this epithet  has  been
given to diseases, produced  by the constitution ;
35           CONSULTATION
of the atmosphere; but  this acceptation is not
common.
   COXSTRICTEUR  D'HERBINEAUX,  see
Serre-na>ud.
   COXSTRICTEUR  DE  LA  VUI YE, Con-
strictores cunni—edit Vagin, Constrictores cunni.
   CONSTRICTIO. Astriction, Systole.
   COXSTRICTIVA, Styptics.
   CONSTRICTOR,  from constringere, (con, and
stringere, strictum.) 'to bind.'   (F.) Coustrieteur.
That  which  binds in a circular direction.  A
sphincter.   Different muscles are so called.
   Constrictor  Ani, Sphincter  ani externus — c.
of Nuck, Compressor of  Nuck.
   Constrictores Alarum Nasi, Depressor alse
nasi.
   Constricto'res  Cunni, C. Vagi'na  seu Vulva,
 Clitor'idis  inferio'res  litti  et  jdani  mns'culi,
 Sphincter  Vagi'na, (F.)  Constrictcurs du vinjin,
 C. de la Vulve.  Small muscles which  originate
 beneath the clitoris, descend along tbe  sides  of
 the  vagina,  and  terminate  by  becoming con-
 founded with the transrersus jurinai  and exter-
 nal  sphincter ani  muscles.  Their use is to con-
 tract the entrance  of the vagina.
   Constrictores  Isthmi Faucium,  Glossosta-
 phylinu?.
   Constricto'resLaryn'gis. Lieutauddescribes,
 under the name Grand coustrieteur du  Lmi/ux,
 the  muscle  Crico-arytenoideus lutera'lis with  the
 Th yro-aryteno'iil cits.
   Constrictores Nasi, Compressor naris.
   Constrictor   Q^soph'agi, Constrictor  of  the
 (I'soph'ugus,  (F.)  Constrictive  de KEsophage,
 Muscle oesophagien.  A fasciculus of  fleshy, cir-
 cular fibres, at the upper part of  the oesophagus.
   Constrictores Oris, Orbicularis oris—c. Pal-
pebrarum, Orbicularis palpebrarum.
   Constricto'res  Pharyn'gis,  Constrictors of
the Pharynx,  Sphincter Gnla.   Muscular expan-
sions which assist in  forming the  parietes of  tbe
pharynx. Three of these  are generally admitted.
1. The  Constrie'tor Pharyn'gis  infie'rior, Crico-
pharyngeus and  Thyro-pharyngeus, (F.) Crico-
thyr-o-pharyngien.  It is  broad, very thin, quad-
rilateral, seated superficially, extending from  the
thyroid and cricoid cartilages as far as  the middle
of the pharynx, and uniting, on the median line,
with that of the opposite  side.  2.  The  Constrictor
Pharyngis Me'dius, Hyo-pharyngeus  and Chun-
dro-pharyngeus, Syndcs'rno-pharyrigeus, (F.) Ilyo-
glosso-basi-pharyngicn, occupies the middle part
of the pharynx.  It  is triangular, and  attached
anteriorly to the great and little cornu of the  os
hyoides; to the stylohyoid ligament;  and termi-
nates, posteriorly,  by joining  its fellow of the
opposite side.   3. The Constrictor Pharyngis  su-
pe'rior,  Ce.ph'alo-pharyngeus, Glosso-phitryngeus,
Mylo-pharyngeus, Pter'ygo-pharyrrgeus, (F.) Pti-
rygo-syridesmo-staphili-jiharyngien, is quadrilate-
ral,  and extends  from  the internal  ala of the
pterygoid process,  from the  inter-maxillary liga-
ment, from the internal oblique line of the jaw,
and  from the base of the  tongue to the posterior
part of the pharynx.
   The constrictors of  the pharynx contract  it.
They can likewise approximate the ends to each
other.  Chaussier considers  those and the stylo-
pharyngeus  as but one muscle, and includes all
under this last name.
   Constrictores Vaginje, C. cunni—c. Vulvae,
C. cunni.
   CONSTRTNGENTIA,  Astringents,  Styptics.
   CONSUETUDO, Habit—c. Menstrua, Menses.
   CONSULTANT, Consulting physician or sur-
geon.
   CONSULTATION, Consulta'tio, Delibera'tio,
Cwnolog"ia, Conterltio, Symbolcu'sis, from constt-
lere,  consultum, ' to bold council.'  This word has 
CONSULTING  PHYSICIAN     230         CONTINUED FEVER
several acceptations.   In English,  it means, al-
most always, the meeting of two or more practi-
tioners,  to deliberate on any  particular case  of
disease.  In France, it signifies the written result
of such deliberations, as well as the opinion of a
physician, given to a patient,  who  consults  him,
either personally or by writing.
  CONSULTING PHYSICIAN or SURGEON,
(F.) Midecin ou Chirurgien consultant, Consultant.
One who  consults with the attending practitioner,
regarding any case of disease.   Some physicians,
surgeons, and accoucheurs confine themselves to
consulting practice.
  CONSUMA1ATUM, Consomme.
  CONSUMMATUS. from con, cum, 'with,' and
summits,  'the  whole.'   Confirmed;  established;
developed,—as Phthisis consumma'ta, 'confirmed
consumption.'
  CONSUMPTION, from consumere,  (con and
sumere, sumptum,)  'to waste away:' Consump'tio,
Coiisuultio,  Syntex'is,  Wasting,  Wearing,  (F.)
Consumption.  Progressive emaciation or wasting
away.    This  condition  precedes death  in  the
greater part of chronic diseases, and particularly
in phthisis pitlmonalis : on this account  it is, that
phthisis  has received  the name consumption—See
Phthisis. Fik'vre  de  Consomption,  Consumptive
fever, is  the same  as Hectic fever.
  Consumption of the Bowels, Enterophthisis.
  Consumption, Gal'loping, Phthisis acu'ta, (F.)
Pthisie galopante ou aigue.  Phthisis pulmonalis,
which  rapidly runs through  its course  to a fatal
termination.
   Consum-ption, Pulmonary, Phthisis  pulmo-
nalis.
   CONSUMPTI'VA.  Same  etymology.  Caus-
tics, used for the  destruction of fungi.  Burnt
ulum, lunar caustic, Ac, were formerly  so called.
   CONSUMPTIVE,  Phthisicus.
   CONSUMTIO,  Consumption.
   CONTABESCENTIA, from contabescere, (con
and tabescere,)  'to grow lean.'   Consumption,
marasmus, atrophy, Ac.
   CONTACT, Contac'tits, from con and tangere,
tactum, ' to touch.' The state of two bodies that
touch  each  other. In the theory  of contagious
diseases, we distinguish immediate  or direct con-
tact, as when we touch a patient labouring under
one of those  diseases;  and  mediate or indirect
contact,  when we  touch, not  the patient himself,
but objects  that have  touched or emanated from
him.   The air is, most commonly, the medium by
which this last kind of contact is effected.
   CONTA'GION, Conta'gio,  Conta'ges,  Conta'-
gium,  Aporrhoe'a, Apoc'rysis.   Same  etymon.
The transmission  of a disease from  one person to
another  by  direct  or  indirect  contact.   The term
lias, also, been applied, by some, to the action of
miasmata arising  from dead animal or  vegetable
matter,  bogs, fens, Ac, but in  this sense it is now
abandoned.  Contagious diseases  are  produced
either by a virus, capable of causing them  by
inoculation, as in  small-pox, cow-pox, hydropho-
bia,  syphilis,  Ac, or  by miasmata, proceeding
from a sick individual, as in plague, typhus gra-
vior, and in measles and scarlatina. [?]  Scrofula,
pbthisis pulmonalis, and cancer, have, by  some,
been esteemed  contagious, but apparently  with-
 out foundation.   Physicians  are, indeed, by no
 means unanimous in  deciding what  diseases  are
 contagious, and what not.   The  contagion  of
 plague  and  typhus, especially of the latter, is
 denied  by many.   It seems probable, that  a dis-
 ease  may be contagious under certain  circum-
 stances  and not under others.  A case of common
 fever, arising from common causes, as from cold,
if  the patient be kept  in a close,  foul situation,
may be  converted into a disease, capable of pro-
ducing  emanations, which may  excite a similar
disease in those exposed to them.   Contagion and
infection  are  generally  esteemed  synonymous.
Frequently, however, the  former is  applied  to
diseases  not  produced by contact; as measles,
scarlet fever. [?] Ac, whilst infection, (Prov.) Smit,
is used for those that require positive contact;  as
itch,  syphilis,  Ac,  and   conversely.  Diseases,
which cannot be produced in any other way  thin;
by  contagion, are said to have  their origin  in
specific  contagion ; as  small-pox, cow-pox, mea-
sles,  hydrophobia,  syphilis,  Ac.   Thoso which
are produced by contagion, and yet are supposed
to be sometimes owing to  other causes, are  said
to arise  from common contagion ; as typhus,  cyn-
anehe parotidaea, Ac.
  CONTA'GION 1ST,  (F.)  Contagioniste.  One
who believes in the contagious character of a par-
ticular disease,—as of yellow fever.
  CONTA'GIOUS, Contagio'sus, (F.) Contagienx.
Capable  of being transmitted by mediate or im-
mediate  contact,  Commu'nicable,— as  a contagi-
ous disease, contagious fierer, contagious effluvia,
Ac.   Commonly, the epithet infectious,  (Prov.)
Taking, Smittle, Catching, is applied to those that
are communicated by immediate contact, as  itch,
syphilis, Ac.
  CONTAGIUM,  Contagion, Miasm.
  CONTEMPLABILES DIES,  Critical days.
   CONTEMPLATIF, (F.) Contemplations,  (eon
and templum.)   Appertaining to contemplation.
The predominant idea of the melancholic — of
the  monomaniac — is  sometimes  called  contem-
plative.
  CONTEMPLATIO,  Catalepsy.
  CONTEMPLATIVUS, Contemplatif.
  CONTENSIO.  Tension.
  CONTENTIO, Consultation.
  CONTEXTURE, Contextu'ra, Contex'tus, from
con and  texere, (quasi tegsere,  from tegere, 'to
cover,')   textum, ' to weave,'  'to make a web.'
Arrangement of parts ;—texture.   A name given,
metaphorically,  to  the  structure  of  organized
bodies;   as the contexture  of muscles, fibres, Ac.
See Tissue, and Texture.
  CONTIGUITY, DIARTHROSIS OF, see Con-
tinuity.
  CONTINENCE,  Continen'tia, from continere,
(con and tenere,  ' to hold  or keep,') ' to  contain
oneself;' 'to restrain.'   Restraint.   Abstinence
from, or moderation in, the pleasures of physical
love.
   CONTINENS, Continent.
   CONTINENT, Corltinens. Restrained.  This
word is  synonymous, also, with Continued; (F.)
Confirm.
   Continent Cause, Causa conjunc'ta, is a cause,
real  or  presumed, which having given rise to a
disease,  continues to act during the whole of its
duration.   It  may be considered  synonymous
with  proximate cause.  A continent fever, Febris
cjintinens, is one which preserves during its whole
course, the same degree of intensity, without any
remission or sensible exacerbation.  A  disease
which continues uninterruptedly, has been also
called xEipathei'a, Aeipathela or Aipathi'a.
   CONTINENTS, Continence.
   CONTIN'UED FEVER, Febris contin'ua seu
corltinens seu  anabalica  seu assid'ua.  A  fever
which  presents  no interruption  in  its  course.
Continued fevers form  a division  in the  class
Pyrexia of Cullen, and  include three genera,—
Synocha, Synochus, and  Typhus.  It is proper to
remark,  that some  of the older writers make a
distinction between tbe continual fever,  ouvrYW'
febris continua, and the synochus  or febris corlti-
nens.  Thus, Rhases states that the synochus or
continens is  a  fever, which  consists of one pa-
roxysm  from beginning to end; whilst the  conti-
rtua is allied to intermittents. 
CONTINUITY             237          CONTROSTIMULUS
  COXTIXU'ITY,  Continilitas.  An adhesion ;j
of two things between  each other, so  that they
cannot be separated without fracture or laceration.
  Continuity, Diarthro'ses of, (F.) Diarthroses
de Coiitiuuiti, are movable  joints, in which  the
bones are continuous, but do not touch imme-
diately, there being between them a ligamentous
substance, whose  flexibility permits motion.  The
vertebral articulations arc examples of this.   Di-
ARTintosES of  Contigu'ity, Diarthroses de Con-
tiguiti, on the  other hand, are movable articula-
tions, in  which the bones are not continuous,  but
touch by surfaces covered with a cartilaginous
layer, which is always moistened by synovia.
  Continuity,  Lesion of, see Continuity, Solu-
tion of.
  Continuity, Solution of, Solu'tio contin'ul, is
any division   of  parts,  previously  continuous.
Wounds  and fractures are solutions of continuity.
Tbe word Continuity is opposed to Contiguity : the
bitter meaning the condition of two things which
are  near each  other,  or touch  without  uniting.
There is contiguity between  the  head of the hu-
merus and the glenoid cavity of the scapula, but
not continuity.
   A le'sion of continu'ity, La'sio contin'u'i, is  a
destruction of continuity caused by disease.
   COXTOXDAXT, Contunding.
   CONTOUSIO,  Contorsion—c. Columnae verte-
bralis. R'uachiostrophosis.
   CONTOR'SION,  Contor'tio, from  contorqueo,
 (con and torquere, tor-turn,  'to wring,')  'I twist
about.' Violent movement of a part, accompanied
 with a kind of torsion, twist or c:vst; as contortion
of  the face.
   CONTRA APERTU'RA, from contra, 'against,'
 and aperio, ' I open.'  A counter-opening;  Con-
 tra-incis'io, Incis'io prio'ri oppo'sita, (F.) Contre-
 ouvertitre.  An incision, made in  the most depend-
 ing part of a wound or abscess, when  the first
 opening is not situate in a manner favourable for
 the discbarge of  the pus.
   CONTKAEXTENSIO, Counter-extension.
   contractile,  Contrac'tiUs, from contra-
 here, (con  nnd trahere, tract urn.) 'to  draw to-
 gether.'  Capable of  contracting.  The  fibre of
 muscles  is contractile. f
   COXTRACTILITE, Contractility—c. par Di-
 fautd' Extension, Elasticity—c.tfe77«su,Elasticity.
   CONTRACTTL'ITY, Contractilitas: same ety-
 mon ; (F.) ContractilitS.   That vital property,
 which gives, to certain parts, the power of con-
 tracting.  The muscles of locomotion are endowed
 with a power  of voluntary contractility, or  one
 dependent immediately on the action of the brain :
 — the muscles of the viscera of digestion,  and
 other internal organs, enjoy an involuntary con-
 tractility.  Contractility and  irritability are fre-
 quently  used  synonymously to  signify  the pro-
 perty possessed by any tissue of contracting on the
 application of an appropriate stimulus.
   Contractility, Irritability.
   CON'TR ACTIO,Contraction—c.Cordis, Systole.
   CONTRACTION,  Contrac'tio.  Same etymon;
 Sys'tole. Action  of contracting.   When we speak
 of the contraction of  a muscle, we mean  the phe-
 nomenon it exhibits during the time it is in action.
   CONTRACTOR UTERI, Abortive.
   CONTRACTU'RA. Same etymon.  Acamp'sia,
 Enta'sia articttla'ris, Rigor ar'tuum,  Muscular
 Stiff-joint,  (F.) Contracture.  A  state of perma-
nentrigidity and  progressive atrophy of the flexor
 muscles, which prevents the motions of extension
beyond  a certain limit.   The  affected  muscles
form hard cords beneath the skin.  On dissection,
they are found converted into  tendinous fibres,
the  fleshy fibres having almost disappeared, when
the  disease has  been of any duration.   It suc-
ceeds, frequently,  other  diseases,  particularly
rheumatism, neuralgia, convulsions, syphilis, co-
lica pictonum, Ac.  The warm bath, vapour bath,
or thermal waters, oleaginous embrocations, me-
chanical extension of the limbs, Ac, are the chief
means of treatment.
  CONTRAFISSU'RA,  from  contra, 'against.'
and findere, fissum, ' to cleave ;' Repercus'sio, Re-
son'itus, Catug'ma Fissura contraja'cens, Apeche'-
ma, Anti com' ma, Antic' ope, Anticru'sis, Anticrus'-
ma, Infiortu'uium, Counter-stroke, (F.) Contre-coup,
Contre-fettte, Contre-firacture.  A fracture, contu-
sion,  or  injury, produced, by a  blow, in a part
distant from that which is struck.  Five species
of contrafissura or contre-coups may occur in the
skull.   1. When the internal table  yields and
fractures.  2. When the bone breaks in any other
part than the one struck.  3. When  a bone, which
has been struck, remains uninjured, and its neigh-
bour is fractured.  4. When the bone is fractured
in a  place diametrically opposite to that struck,
as in  fractures at the base of the cranium, from a
fall on the vertex;  and lastly, when the  violence
of the blow produces a separation  of the neigh-
bouring or distant sutures. These fractures of the
skull  are  also called Fractures par risonnance.
   CONTRAHENTIA, Astringents, Styptics.
   CONTRAINCISIO, Contra-apertura.
   CONTRAINDICATIO, Counter-indication.
   COXTRAIRRITATIO, Counter-irritation.
   CONTRALUNA'RIS, from contra, 'against,'
and luna, 'the  moon.'   An epithet for a woman
who conceives during the menstrual discharge.—
Dietrich.
   CONTRASTIMULAXS, Contro-stimulants.
   CONTRAYERYA, Dorstenia  contrayerva—c.
Balls, Pulvis contrayerva? compositus.
   Contrayerva, Lisbon, Dorstenia contrayerva
— c.  Mexican, Psoralea pentaphylla—c.  Nova,
Psoralea pentaphylla—c. Virginiana, Aristolochia
serpentaria.
   CO XTR ECO UP, Contra-fissura.
   CONTREEXTEXSIOX, Counter-extension.
   COXTREFEXTE,  Contra-fissura.
   COX THE ERA CTURE, Contra-fissura.
   CONTREIXDICA TIOX, Counter-indication.
   COXTREO UVER TUBE, Contra-apertura.
   COXTREPOISOX, Antidote.
   COXTRESTIMULISME, Controstimulus.
   COXTRESTTMUL US, Controstimulus.
   CONTREXEYILLE, MINERAL  WATERS
OF.   Contrexeville is a town in Fiance in  the
department of Vosges, four  leagues from  Neuf-
chateau.   The waters  contain carbonate of iron,
chloride of calcium, and carbonate  of lime, chlo-
ride of sodium, a bituminous substance,  and free
carbonic  acid.   They are frequented by those la-
bouring under cutaneous, scrofulous, and  calcu-
lous affections.
   CONTRIT"IO, Syntrim'ma,  Syntrip'sis, Tri-
tu'ra, Tritus, Trit"io,  Tripsis,  from contero,'!
bruise or make small:'  Comiuinu'tion, Trituration.
   C 0 N T R 0 S T1 M' U LAN T, Contrast inlnhms,
Hyposthen'ie, from contra, ' against,' and stimulus,
'that which excites.'   A substance  that possesses
a particular, debilitating property, acting upon
the excitability in a manner opposite to stimulus.
A name given to therapeutical agents, which, ac-
cording to the Italian theory of controstimulus,
are endowed with  the  property of diminishing
excitement by a specific action.  These agents
are by no means clearly defined.
   CONTROSTIM'ULUS  or  CONTRESTTMU-
LUS, DOCTRINE OF,  (F.) Contrestimitlisme.
Same etymon.   The name given by Rasori, about
thirty years ago, to a new medical doctrine, of
which he was the originator—La nuova Dottrina
Medica Italiana. It is founded on  the contro-sti-
mulant property attributed to a certain number of 
COXTUNDIXG
238
COXVOLVULUS
medicines. In this doctrine, as in that of Brown,
under the name excitability, a fundamental princi-
ple of physiology is admitted, by virtue of which
living beings are endowed with an aptitude  for
feeling the action of external agents or exciting
influences, and of reacting on  these influences.
When this excitability is too great, there is  excess
of  stimulus or Hypersthenla:  when too little,
there is deficiency or Hyposthenla.   Diseases,
general and  local, are divided into three great
classes, or into, 1.  Hypersthenic ; 2. Hyposthenic ;
8. Irritative.   The  eontro-stimulant physicians
admit only two classes of medicines — stimulants
and cnntro-stimitlants.
   CONTUXD'IXTG, Contu'sing, Contun'dens, from
contundere, (con and tundere, tusum,) ' to bruise.'
(F.)  Contondant.   That which causes contusions.
An epithet given to round, blunt, vulnerating pro-
jectiles, which bruise or lacerate  parts without
cutting them.
   COXTUS, Contused.
   COXTUS, Penis.
   COXTU'SED.   Same etymon as Contunding.
(F.) Contus.  Affected with contusion.   Thus we
say—a. contused remind.
   COXTU'SION,  Conttlsio, Bruise, (Prov.) Doke,
Collis'io,  Pliliisma, Thlasis, Thlas'ma, Th.contu'-
sio, Rhege, Rhegma,  Rhegmus,  Famex,  Famis,
Famix, (F.) Meurtrissttre.   Same etymon.   An
injury or lesion—arising from  the impulse of a
body with a blunt surface — which presents no
loss of substance, and no apparent wound.  If
the skin be divided, the injury takes the name of
contused wound.   The differences of contusions,
as to extent, are of course infinite.   When  slight,
the blood stagnates in the capillaries of the skin,
or is effused into the subcutaneous areolar tissue.
Time and cold applications remove it.  When the
texture has been  lacerated,  there  is effusion of
blood, with more  or less torpor in the part af-
fected.   Cooling applications, general or  topical
bleeding, emollients, poultices, Ac,  are here  ne-
cessary,  according  to  circumstances.  In   the
severest kinds of contusion, all the soft and solid
parts, except the skin, are bruised, and,  at times,
reduced to a kind  of pap.  AVhen the disorgani-
zation is to this extent, there is no hope  except
in  amputation.  A deep contusion of  the  soft
parts has been called Sarcotk'lasis, and Sarcoth-
las'ma.
   Contusion, Wind, see Wind of a Ball.
   CONUS ARTERIO'SUS, Infundib'ulnm ofitke
heart.   The portion of the right ventricle from
which  the pulmonary artery proceeds, forms  a
prominence on the right side of the anterior fur-
row of the heart,  and is prolonged towards  the
left, becoming narrower  at the  same time, so  as
to  form a funnel-shaped projection, which  ex-
tends a little beyond the base of the  ventricles.
This is the Conns arteriosus.
   Conus Vasculosus, see Coni Vasculosi.
   CONVALESCENCE,   Convalcsceiltia,  Ana-
lep'sis,  Anas'tasis, Reeonrulescen'tia, from  coni-a-
leseere, (con and valescere) 'to  grow well.'  Ex-
it nrts'trophe.  Recovery  of health  after disease.
The time which elapses  between the termination
of a disease and complete restoration of strength.
   CONYALLARIA ANGULOSA, C. polygona-
tum.
   Convallaria Canalicula'ta,  Polygo'natum,
canalicula'tiim  seu latifio'liitm,  Great Solomon's
Seal; and Convallaria pubes'cens,Polygo'natum
pubes'cens, Smaller Solomon's Seal: indigenous.
A decoction of the roots is said to  be cathartic,
diuretic, and diaphoretic.
   Convalla'ria   Maia'lis,  from  convallis, ' a
valley,'—from its abounding  in valleys.  Lilium
Convallium,  Convalla'ria,  C.  mappi, Mnian'the-
mum, Lily of the Valley, May Lily, (F.) Magnet,
Muguet de Mai.   The  recent flowers are reputed
to be aromatic,  cephalic, errhine, and  cathartic.
They are not used.
  Convallaria Mappi, C. Maialis.
  Convalla'ria   Multiflo'ra,   Polygo'natnm
multijlo'rum, which grows in this country and in
Europe, has analogous properties.
  Convalla'ria Polygo'natum.   The systema-
tic  name of Solomon's  Seal, Convalla'ria anyii.
lo'sa, Polygo'natum unifio'rum seu anccps seu vul.
ga're,  Sigillum Salomo'iris, Polygo'natum,  (F.)
Sceau de Salomon, Genonillet.  Tbe root was onco
used as an astringent and tonic.   It is, also, a re-
puted cosmetic.
  CONVENTUS, Coition.
  CONVER'SION, Gonver'sio, from eon and ver-
tere, vet-sum, 'to  turn.'   Change  from one state
into another.
  Conversion of Diseases, (F.)  Conversion dei
maladies, is the change or transformation of one
disease into another.
  CONVOLUTION, Convohltio, from com-ohere,
(con and volvere, volutum) ' to entwine:' Episphm'-
rion, Gyrus, Helig'mus, (F.) Circonvolution. The
rolling of any thing upon itself.
  Convolu'tions, Cer'i.bral,  Gyri seu Plieatu'-
ra  seu Spira seu  Proces'sus entero'i'dei seu Iutes-
tInula Cer'ebri, are the  round, undulating,  tor-
tuous  projections  observed at the base of the
brain.  In  them  Gall's  organs,  of  course,  ter-
minate.
  Convolution,  Inter'nal,  C.  of  the  Corpm
Callo'sum,  Convolution  d'Ourlet  (Foville).   A
cerebral convolution of great extent, the princi-
pal portion of which is found on the inner surface
of each hemisphere above the corpus  eallosum.
In front  it bends downwards  and backwards to
the fissure of Sylvius, and  behind, it extends to
the middle lobe and forms the hippocampus major.
  Convolu'tions,  Intes'tinal,  are  the turns
made by the intestines in the abdomen.
  Convolution,  Supra-or'bitar.  A convolu-
tion of the  brain, which exists on  the inferior
surface of the anterior lobe, and  rests  upon the
roof of the orbit.
  CONVOL'VULUS,  from convohere, (con and
volvere) 'to entwine.'  Ileus, Intussusceptio.
  Convol'vulus Bata'tas. Same etymon.   C,
In'dicus,  Camotes;  the  Sweet Potato,  Spanish
Potato. (F.) Patate.   Ord. Convolvulacea?.  This
is the only esculent  root of the  genus Convol-
vulus.  It is much eaten  in the United  States.
  Convol'vulus  Cantab'rica, Cantab'rica, La-
vender-leaved Bindweed, has been considered an-
thelmintic and actively cathartic.
  Convolvulus Indicus. C. Batatas.
  Convol'vulus  Jala'pa.  A systematic name,
generally thought to  be  the Jalap plant, which
is, properly, Exogo'nium  purga,  Ipomoe'a Jala-
pa, seu purga seu Schiedea'na seu mucrorhi'za.
Jala'pium, Jalo'pa, Mechoaca'iia  nigra. Jalap-
pa,  Jalapa, Jalap Root,  Gialappa,  Xaltippa,
Bryo'nia  Mechoacan'a ni'gricans, Bryo'nia  Pe-
ruvia'na,   Che/a'pa,  Rhabar'barnm  Nigrum,
Gelap'pittrn, (F.) Jalap,  is produced  from South
America.   Its odour is nauseous;  taste sweetish
and slightly pungent.   It  is solid, hard, heavy,
brittle ; fracture, resinous ; internally, light gray ;
externally, covered with a deep brown, wrinkled
bark.  Its operation  is  cathartic,  the resinous
part griping violently.  Dose, 10  gr. to ,"--.  A
drop  or two of  any essential oil  may prevent it
from griping.  An active principle has been sepa-
rated from Jalap, to  which the names Jalujnn
and  Cathartin have been  given.
  An inferior kind, called light, fusiform  or imd:
jalap, is  yielded  by  Ipomoe'a seu Convol'viibu
Orizaben'sis, I. batatoVdvs seu Mestitlatlica, which
grows near Orizaba and  Mestitlan, in Mexico. 
CONVULSE
239
COOSTRUM
  f'< nvolvilus Major Albus, Convolvulus se- I
piuin—c. Maritimus, Convolvulus soldanella.
  Convol'vulus  Meciio'acan, Mechoaco'na I
Radix, Jalap'pa alba, Rhabur'barum album, Pip-
toxleqiu  Piso'uis, Meclioacan, Jeticttcu, (F.) l'ha-
buibe  ou Rhubarbc blanche ou des Indes, Jalap <
blanc, Bryone el Amirique.  A Mexican  con vol- |
vulus, the root  of which possesses aperient pro-
perties,  and was once extensively used instead of
jalap.   See Batata de purga.
  Convolvulus Megalorhizus,  C. Panduratus.
  Convolvulus Nil, Ipomn-'a nil, Blue Morning-
gluri/.   An East Indian plant, naturalized in some
of  tbe Western States.  The  seeds  are  sold in
Calcutta as a cathartic.   The roots have the  same
properties.
  Convolvulus  Opekculatus,  see  Batata  de
purga—c Orizabensis, see Convolvulus Jalapa.
   Convol'vulus Pandura'tus,  C. Megalorhl-
zns, pseudo-rnechoaca'ua,  Fiddle-leaved  Bind-
weed,  Hail  Potato,  Virginian Bindweed,  Wild
 Pirttlttr, Meclltuneek, M. Bindweed,  Wild Jalap,
 Man in the ground, Man ofi the Eitrth, Wild Rhu-
 barb, Wild Potato-Vine, Kassau'der, Kassa'der,
 KiiKsantler,  (F.) Liseron Mechamec.  In Virginia,
 and some  other parts of the  United States, the
 root of this plant has been much recommended in
 cmscs of gravel.  It is used either in powder or
 decoction.
    Convolvulus Perennis, Humulus lupulus.
    Convolvulus  pes   Ca'pr^e,  Bargada.  A
 plant used  in  India as  a cataplasm in  arthritic
 cases.
    Convolvulus Repens, C. sepium.
    Convolvulus  Scammo'nea seu  Scammo'nia,
 C. Syriacus.  The systematic name of the Svaul-
 vinny Plant.  A Syrian and Mexican plant; the
 concrete gummi-resinous juice of which, Scam-
 mo'nia, Scammouia Gummi Resi'na, Sctimmonium,
 S. Si/riacnnt,  Diagrytlium, Dacrydion, Scamrno-
 uy, Mahmoudy, (F.) Scarumonie d'Alcp, comes to
 us in blackish-gray  fragments, becoming whitish-
 yellow when touched  with wet fingers.   It is a
 drastic, hydragogue cathartic.   Dose, gr.  iij to
 gr. xv, triturated with sugar.
    Convolvulus, Sea, Convolvulus Soldanella.
    Convol'vulus  Se'pium,  Convolvulus  major
 albus  seu  repens seu  'Tugurio'rum, Calyste'pia
 se'pium, Great or Hedge Bindweed, (F.) Liseron
 des Haies, Grand  Liseron.   The juice  of this
 plant is violently purgative, and is given in drop-
 sical affections.
    Convol'vulus Soldanel'la.  The  systematic
 name of the Sea Convolvulus, Convolvulus Maril-
 imus, Bras'sica Marina, Calyste'gia Soldanella,
 Sea  Bindweed, Soldanella,  (F.) Chou  Marin.
 Tbe leaves of this plant are said to be drastic ca-
 thnrtic; but they are not much,  if at all, used.
    Convolvulus Syriacus,   Convolvulus scam-
 nionin—c Tuguriorum, C. sepium.
    Convol'vulus Turpe'thum, Turpe'thum.  The
 systematic name of the Turbith plant.   (F.) Ra-
 tine de Turbith.  The cortical part of the root of
 this  species of convolvulus is brought from the
 East Indies.   It is a cathartic, but not used.
    CONVULSE, Convulsed.
    CONVUL'SED,   Conviilsus,   (F.)  Convulsi.
 Same  etymon as convulsion.   Affected with con-
 vulsions.
    CONVULSIBILITAS, see Subsultus tendinum.
    CO.XVULS/F, Convulsive.
    COXVULSIO,   Convulsion — c.  Canina,  see
 Canine laugh.
    Convul'sio  Cerea'i.is,  Convulsio   ab  Usti-
 lag'ine seu Solonierlsis, F.rgotis'mus spasmod'i-
 ctts, Myrmeclasis, Myrmecias'rnus, Myrmecis'mus,
 Mi/nneco'sis, Ce'real  Convulsion, (F.) Convulsion
 ciriide, Ergotisme  convulsif,  Convulsion  de So-
 loguc.   A  singular  disorder  of the  convulsive
kind, attended with a peculiar tingling and for-
mication in the arms and legs; hence called by
the Germans Krie belkran k h eit.   It is said
to be endemic in some parts of Germany, and to
arise  often from the  use of spoiled  corn.  See
Raphania.
   Convulsio  Habitualis,  Chorea — c  Indiea,
Tetanus—c. Raphania, Raphania—c. Soloniensis,
C. cerealis, Ergotism—c. Tonica, Tonic Spasm—
c. Uteri, Abortion.
   COXVUL'SION, Spasmus,  Convulsio, from
convellere, (con and vellere, rnleum.) 'to tear, 'to
pull together;'  Conduc'tio, Hieran'osus, Disten'tio
nervo'rum,  Spasmus clon'icus, Convulsio clon'ica,
Eclamp'sia, Syspa'sia Convulsio, Hyperspasm'ia,
Clonic  Spasm.   This  word  has several accepta-
tions.   It means  any  violent perversion of tbe
animal movements.  The word  Convulsions ge-
nerally, however, signifies alternate contractions,
violent and involuntary, of muscles, which habi-
tually contract  only under  the influence of the
will.   This alternate contraction, when slight, is
called tremor ;  when strong and permanent, teta-
nus, trismus,  Ac.  Spasms, Cramp, Risus Sardo-
nicus, and St. i'itus's Donee are convulsions.
   Convulsion, Salaam', Eclamp'sia seu Spasmus
nutans.  A name given  to a singular kind of con-
vulsion in  children, in  which there is a peculiar
bobbing of the head forward.—Sir Charles Clarke.
   CONVULSION DE SOLOGNE, Convulsio
cerealis.
   CON VULSIONNAIRE (F.).  A name given,
during the last  century, to  individuals who had,
or affected to have, convulsions, produced by re-
ligious impulses.  The  epithet was  first given to
fanatics, who exhibited tbe most wonderful and
varied seizures, at the tomb of Paris, a Jansenist,
who died in the year 1727, and was buried  in the
cemetery of St. MSdard.   Some of  these  were
called Sauteuses or Jumpers, of whom there have
been examples in more  recent times : others, from
barking like a  dog, were called aboyeuses; and
others, from  mewing like a cat, miaulantes.
   A  form of  convulsion, induced by religious
frenzy, has been vulgarly called the "jerks," and
the gymnastic movements of the Shakers may be
placed in the same category.
   CONVULSIONS OF CHILDREN, Eclampsia
— c. des Enfans, Eclampsia— c. des  Femmes en-
ceintes et  en couches,  Eclampsia gravidarum et
parturientium—c Puerperal, Eclampsia gravida-
rum et parturientium.   See Mania, dancing.
   CONVUL'SIVE,  Convulsicus,  Spasmo'des,
Agitato'r-ius, (F.)  Convulsif.  That which  is ac-
companied by, or is analogous to, convulsions, as
convulsive cough, convulsive disease.
   COX Y'ZA, Inula dysenterica—c. Bifoliata, Se-
ricocarpus tortifolius — c. Coma  aurea, Solidago
 Virgaurea — c. Major,  C.  squarrosa — c. Media,
 Inula dysenterica—c. Pycnostachya, Pterocaulon
 pyenostachyum.
   Cony'za  Squarro'sa, C. 3Tojor,  Brephoc'to-
 non, Jn'ida squarro'sa,  Great. Fleabane or  Spike-
 nard, (F.) Herbe aux mouches.   Ord.  Compositae.
 A European plant, whose strong and disagreeable
 odour was formerly considered to be destructive
 to flies, fleas, Ac.   Its  infusion in wine was once
 used as an emmenagogue and anti-icteric;  and in
 vinegar as an anti-epileptic.
   COOKERY, Culinary art.
   COOLWEED, Pilea  pumila.
   COONTIE or COOXTI, see Arrowroot.
   COOPER'S  WELL,   see Mississippi, Mineral
 Waters of.
   COOPERCULUM OCULI, Palpebra.
    COOPERTORIUM,  Thyroid cartilage.
    COOSTRUM.  The  middle part  of  the  dia-
 phragm.—Ruland. 
COOT
240
COR
  COOT, Malleolus.
  COOTH. Catarrh.
  COP AH IER, Copaiba,
  COPAHU, Copaiba.
  COPATBA.   The resinous juice of Copa'if'era
officina'lis seu Jacquini, Copaiva  officina'lis, and
other species of  Copaifera; (F.) Copahier.  Ord.
Leguminosae.  Sex. Syst.  Decandria Monogynia.
It is  the Copaifera officina'lis Resi'na, Balsa-
mum Copaiba  seu  Brazilien'se seu de Copaiba seu
Capi'vi,  Balsam ofi Copaiba  or  Copaiva, (vul-
garly pronounced capee'vy.) (F.)  Copahit,  Baume
de  Cnpahu,  B. du  Brisil,  Tiribinthe de Copakn.
Its odour is peculiar, but not unpleasant; taste
pungent, bitter; consistence, syrupy; colour yel-
lowish, and transparent.   It is soluble in alcohol,
ether,  and  the expressed  oils.  S. g. 0.950.  Its
properties are stimulant and  diuretic;  in large
doses it is purgative.  It acts on the lining mem-
brane of the urethra, and on mucous membranes
in general.  It is given in gonorrhoea, gleet, leu-
corrhoea, Ac, in the dose of gtt. x to £j, twice or
thrice  a day.   Should symptoms of urticaria or
diarrhoea arise, the dose is too large, and must be
diminished.   It  can be inspissated  by means  of
magnesia so as to be made into pills, and a plan
has been devised for enveloping it in gelatin, so
that its taste is entirely concealed.  See Cap-
sules, gelatinous.
  COPAIFERA  JACQUINI, see  Copaiba —c
Officinalis, see Copaiba.
  COPAIVA OFFICIXALIS, see Copaiba.
  COPAL',  Copale, Resi'na  Copal, Gummi copal-
li'num.   A resinous  substance brought  from  the
East  Indies, South  America, and the western
coast of Africa,  which flows  spontaneously from
Elaocar'pus Copalliferns, Vate'ria Inilica, and
probably from  different  species  of  Hymena'a.
Orel.  Leguminosae.  It is  a stimulant like  all the
resins, and, dissolved in rectified  spirits of wine,
has been used  in cases of spongy gums and loose-
ness of the  teeth ;  but it is now only employed
in varnishes.
  COPALCHE BARK, see Croton pseudo-china.
  COP-BONE, Patella.
  COPE. Cut.
  COPHOMA, Cophosis.
  COPHONIA,  Acouophonia.
  COPHO'SIS,  Copho'ma,  Copllotes, Sur'ditas,
Paracilsis, Dysasthe'sia audito'ria; from Ktotpos,
'deaf.'  (F.)  Surditi.  Diminution or loss   of
hearing.  Cullen uses the  word  synonymously
with  Dysecoea,  and  Pinel with  Paracou'sia  or
Parac'oe.  According to Sauvages, Cophosis  dif-
fers from both,—from Dysecoea, because in it tbe
sonorous rays cannot reach the  labyrinth ; and
from  Paracousia,  which  consists  in  a  confused
state of hearing.
  Cophosis  seems, usually,  to  be synonymous
with deafness,—Paracilsis,  Sur'ditas.
  COPHOTES,  Cophosis.
  COPIOPIA, Copyopia.
  COPOS, Lassitildo, Fatiga'tio, Las'situde, Fa-
tigue.  A state of body in which most of the ani-
mal functions are  exerted with less promptitude
and vigour than common.  The ancients  admit-
ted three species :  1. That arising from  plethora,
Lassitildo  tensi'ra,  tono'des; 2.  From plethora
and increased heat  combined, Lassitildo phleg-
mono'sa, astuo'sa,  phlegmono'des; and,  3. Owin"
to a morbid condition of the humours, Lassitildo
ulcero'sa, helco'des.
  COPPER, Cuprum — c. Ammoniated, Cuprum
ammoniatum—c. Aramonio-sulphate of, Cuprum
ammoniatum—c. Rose,  Papaver  rhoeas—c Sub-
acetate of, Cupri subacetas—c. Sulphate of, Cupri
sulphas — c. Ammoniacal sulphate  of, Cuprum
ammoniatum.
    COPPERAS, Ferri sulphas —c. White, Zinci
 sulphas.
    COPPER-NOSE,  Gutta rosea.
    COPRACRASIA, Scoracrasia.
    COPRACRATIA, Scoracrasia.
    COPRAGO'GUM, from  Koirpos,  'faeces,' and
 ayor, 'I bring away.'   Stercus & primis viis edit'.
 cens.   A cathartic.   The name of a laxative elec-
 tuary, mentioned by Ruland.
    COPRECCRITICUS, Coprocriticus.
    COPREM'ESIS,  Coprie.nlesis, Vom'itus faeti-
 lerltus  seu ster'coris:  same etymon  as the next.
 Vomiting of faeces.
    COPREM'ETUS, Coproenletus,  Copriem'etus,
 3Ierdiv'omus, from Konpos, 'excrement,' and epem,
 'I vomit.'  One who vomits fmces.—Hippocrates.
    COPRIKMESIS,  Copremesis.
    COPRIEMETUS, Copremetus.
    COPROCRIT'ICUS, Copreccrit'icus, from «„*-
 pos, 'excrement,' and Kpivio, 'I separate.'  A mild
 cathartic;  an eccoprotic
    COPROEMETUS, Copremetus.
    COPROEPISCHESIS, Constipation.
    COPROLITHUS, see Calculi of the stomach
 and intestines.
    COPROPHORESIS, Catharsis.
    COPROPHORIA, Catharsis.
    COPRORRHCEA, Diarrhoea.
    COPROS,  Excrement.
    COPROSCLEROMA, Coprosclerosis.
    COPROSCLERO'SIS, from Konpos, 'excrement,'
 and oKXrjpout, ' I harden.'   Induration of fajcal
 matters; Coprose.le.ro'ina.
    COPROSTASIS, Constipation.
    COPTE, Copton, from kotttw,  'I beat or pound.'
 A sort of cake, composed of vegetable substances,
 which the  ancients administered internally, and
 applied to the epigastric region in the form of
 cataplasm.
    COPTIS,  C. trifio'lia,  Nigella,  Helleb'orus
 trifo'-lius,  Fibra au'rea, Chryza fibrau'rea, Ane-
 mo'ne  Gronlan'dica, Gold  thread,  Mouth root;
 from  KotTTia,  'to cut,'in reference to  the divided
 leaves.  The root of this evergreen—Coptis, (Ph.
 U. S.)—is  much used in Massachusetts,  in aph-
 thous  and other ulcerations of the mouth, as a
 local application.  It is a pure  bitter, and can be
 used wherever such  is indicated.
    Coptis  Teeta, Mishme Teeta  (Upper Assam),
 Honglane (Chinese).  The  root of this  plant  ia
 considered to be a powerful tonic and stomachic.
    COPTON, Copte.
    COPULA,  Ligament—c  Carnalis,  Coition—c.
 Cartilaginea, see Synchondrosis—c. Magna cere-
 bri, Corpus eallosum.
    COPULATION, Coition.
    COPYO'PIA, Copio'pia, Kopyo'pia, Knpio'pia
  Ophthalmocopia, (F.)  Lassitude oeulaire, from
 kottos,  'fatigue,' and u\l/, 'the  eye'  Fatigue of
 vision.  Weakness  of sight.   Inability of the
 eye to sustain continued exertion.
    COQ, Phasianus Gallus—c. des Jar-dins, Tana-
 cetum.
    COQUE  DU LEVANT,  see Menispermum
 cocculus — c. d'tEufi,  see Ovum — c. Levant, see
 Menispermum cocculus.
    COQUELICOT, Papaver rhoeas.
    COQUELOURDE, Anemone Pulsatilla.
    COQUELUCTIE. Influenza, Pertussis.
    COQUEX'TIA  MEDICAMEXT'A, from co-
 quere,  'to digest.'   Medicines  which were for-
 merly believed to  be  proper for favouring the
 coction or digestion  of food.
    COQUE RET, Physalis.
    COQUETTE, Influenza.
    COQUILLE, Cochlea—c. el'CEuf, see Ovum.
    COR, a corn. Also,  Heart — c. Aorticura, see
I Heart — c. Arteriosum, see  Heart — c. Lovmuin, 
CORACO
241
CORDOLIUM
ncart, hypertrophy of the—c Ilirsutum, Cor vil- I
losum—c. llispidum, Cor villosum—c. Pulmonale,
sec Heart — c. Taurinum, Heart, hypertrophy of I
the—c. Tomentosum, Cor villosum—c. Venosum,
sec Heart.
   Cor Villo'sum, C. tomento'sum seu hirsu'tum
seu hisp'iilum.  The condition of the heart, at
times, after  pericarditis, when it is studded with
projections of fibrinous  matter from  its surface.
   COR'ACO.   In  composition,  appertaining or
relating  to the coracoid process.
   COKAOORRACHLEUS, Coracobracbialis.
   COR'ACO-BRA'CIIIAL,  Cor'aco-Brachia'lis.
Belonging both to the coracoid process and arm.
   Coraco-Brachia'lis  (Muscle), Coracobrachi-
m'us, Coraco.humiral—(Ch.), Pcrfora'tus Casse'-
 rii, Perfioratus, is situate at the inner and upper
 part  of  the  arm.  It arises  from  the  coracoid
 process  of the scapula, and is  inserted at  the
 middle part of the inner side of the humerus. It
 carries the arm  forwards and  inwards, raising
 the humerus a little.  It can, also, by acting in-
 versely,  depress the shoulder.
   CORACO-CLAVICULAR,  Coraco-clavicula'-
 ris.   Belonging to the coracoid process  and cla-
 vicle.
   Coraco Clavicular Ligament — called,  also,
 Omo-elarieular — serves  to unite the  clavicle to
 the  coracoid process.   It  is very irregular, and
 formed  of two fasciculi, which the greater  part
 of anatomists have  described as particular  liga-
 ments, under the names Conoiel and Trapezoid.
   CORACODES, Coracoid.
   CORACO-H UMERALIS,  Coraco-brachialis —
 c. Hyoideus, Omohyoideus — c. Radialis, Biceps
 flexor cubiti.
   COR'ACOID, Coraco'i'deus, Coracoi'cles, Cora-
 co'des, from Kopa(,  KopaKOs, 'a crow,' and  ethos,
 'resemblance'  (F.) Coracoide.  Resembling the
 beak of  a crow.  A name  given  by  Galen —and
 still retained—to the short, thick process, situate
 at the anterior part of the upper margin of the
 scapula, which has some resemblance to the  beak
 of a crow.  Process'ns  Coraco'i'deus seu uncina'-
 tus seu  cornicula'ris seu  anchora'lis  seu rost.ri-
 form'is  seu ancyroi'des, Crow's beak-like process.
 This process gives attachment to the Coraco-cla-
 ric'ular  and Coraco-acro'mial ligaments, and to
 the  Coraco-brachia'lis,  Pcctora'lis minor,  and
 Biceps muscles.
   Coracoid Lig'ament,   Ligamen'tum  coraco'i'-
 deurn, (F.) L.  Coraco'idien.  This name is given
 to the small  fibrous fasciculus, which  converts
 the notch, at  the superior  margin of the scapula,
 into  a foramen.
   COR AIL,  Coral  — c.  des  Jar-dins,  Capsicum
 annuum.
   CORAL,  Coral'lium,  Corallus,  Coura'lium,
 Arbor Maris, Aznr, Bole'sis, from Kopeur, 'I adorn,'
 and 'a\{, 'the sea;'  and, according to  some,  from
 Kopn, 'a  daughter,' and 'a\s, 'the sea.' (F.) Corail.
 One of the most beautiful productions of the deep.
 It is  fixed to  submarine rocks, in the form of  a
 shrub, and is  of a  bright red colour.  It is the
 habitation of a multitude of animals,  of the  Zoo-
 phyta order, and is formed  of a calcareous  sub-
 stance,  secreted  by the animals themselves.  It
 is in  very hard, concentric  layers : covered, ex-
 ternally, by a species  of porous  bark,  full of
 cellules, each of which  contains one  of  these
 animals.  Linnaeus  calls the red coral, his nob'-
 ilis, and M. de Lamarck,  Coral'lium rubrum.  It
 is much fished for  on the coasts of Barbary and
 Sicily.  Coral was  formerly  esteemed tonic, ab-
 sorbent, astringent. Ac;  but analysis  has shown,
 that it contains only carbonate of lime and a lit-
 tle gelatin. — Dioscorides, Pliny, Oribasius, the
 Geoponica, Ac   Corallium album  is a  hard,
 white, calcareous, brittle substance, the nidus of
the Madrcp'ora ocula'ta.  It has been given as
an absorbent.
  CORALLI'NA.   Diminutive  of  Corallium:
Muscus marilimus, Corallina officinu'lis, Prion,
Coretllina alba, Sea Cor'alline, White Worm-weed,
(F.) Coralline  blanche.  The production  of an
animal, which  belongs  to  the class Polypi, and
which  is found in all  the seas of Europe; — par-
ticularly in the Mediterranean.  It has the ap-
pearance  of a  plant,  is homogeneous, an inch or
two in height, of a  white, reddish,  or greenish
colour, salt taste, and marine smell.  It contains
gelatin, albumen, chloride  of sodium, phosphate,
carbonate, and sulphate of lime,  carbonate of
magnesia, silica, oxide  of iron, and  a colouring
principle.  It  was once much used as a vermi-
fuge;  but is not now  employed. Dose, Jss to gj,
in powder.
   Corallina  Corsica'na,  C. rubra, Helmintho-
chorton,  Helminthochort'um,   El mi ntho chorion,
Muscus helminthochortos, Melithochorton, Muscus
coralllnus seu Mari'nus seu Cor'sicus, Confer'va
Helminthochortos, Spharococ'cus  helminthochor-
tos, Gigarti'na seu Ploca'ria seu  Fucus helmin-
thochorton, Coralli'na melitochorton, Lemithockor-
ton, Cera'mium helminthochorlus, Corsican Worm-
weed,  (F.) Coralline  de Corse ou  noire, Mousse
de Corse. It is a mixture of several marine plants
and zoophytes, as the fucus, ceramium, ulva, co-
ralline, conferva, Ac, and  has gained great repu-
tation for destroying  all kinds of intestinal worms,
when  given in  strong  decoction.   The Geneva
Pharmacopoeia directs  an officinal syrup — the
Sirop  de Coriilline.
   CORALLINE BLANCHE, Corallina — c. de
 Corse,  Corallina Corsicana — c. Noire, CoraUina
Corsican a.
   CORALLOIDES  FUNGUS,  Clavaria  coral-
loides.
   CORALWORT, Clavaria coralloides.
   CORCULUM GERMINIS, see Molecule.
   CORD, Funis, Fiinic'ulus, Choenos,  Ohce'nion,
Xotvos, ^oivtov, from  the Latin Chorda, which is
itself  derived  from yophn,  'intestine;' and, after-
wards, was applied  to musical cords or strings,
made  of the intestines of animals.  See Chorda.
   Cord, Spermatic,  see Spermatic cord—c. Um-
 bilical, Funiculus umbilicalis.
   Cords, Vocal, Cords of Ferr-ein,  Chorda vo-
ca'les,  Ch. Ferre'nii.  A name given to the  liga-
ments  of the  glottis, which Ferrein compared to
stretched cords, and to which he  attributed the
production of voice.  See Thyreo-arytenoid Liga-
ment.
   CORDA,  Chorda—c. Hippocratis, Achillis
 tendo  — c.  Magna, Achillis tendo — c. Spinalis,
Medulla spinalis.
   CORDE DU TAMBOUR, Chorda tympani
—c. du Ti/mpan, Chorda tyinpani.
   CORDEE, Chordee.
   CORDIA AFRICANA, Sebestina— c. Domes-
tica, Sebestina—c. Myxa,  Sebestina—c. Obliqua,
 Sebestina—c.  Sebestina, Sebestina—c. Smooth-
leaved, Sebestina.
   COR'DIAL, Cordia'lis,  Cardi'acus, from cor,
cordis, 'the heart.' A tonic or excitant medicine,
 judged to be  proper for exciting  the heart.  A
 warm stomachic.
   Cordial, Godfrey's, see Godfrey's Cordial—c.
 Nervous, Brodum's,  see Tinctura gentiana?  com-
posita—e. Sir AY alter Raleigh's, Confectio aroma-
 tica—c Warner's, see Tinctura rhei et sennae.
   CORDIFORM  TENDON  OF THE  DIA-
 PHRAGM. Centre, phrenic
   CORDIXE'MA, from napa, 'the head,' [?] and
 Siveur,  ' I move about.'  Headache, accompanied
 with vertigo.  See Carebaria.
   CORDIS EMUNCTORIUM, Axilla.
   CORDOLIUM, Cardialgia. 
CORDON
2 4 2
CORN
  CORDON(F.), Funic'ulus, diminutive offunis, j
'a cord.'  A term  applied  to many parts, which
resemble a small cord.
  CORDON NEE VEUN, Ramus Ncrvo'sus.  A
principal division of a nerve, or the nervous trunk
itself.
  CORDON OMBILTCALE, Funiculus umbili-
calis—c. Spermatique, Spermatic chord—c. Testi-
culaire, Spermatic chord.
  CORDONS  SUS-PUBIENS,  Round   liga-
ments of the uterus—c. Vasculaires, Round  liga-
ments of the uterus.
  CORDS, see Cord.
  CORE, Pupil, see Furunculus.
  CORECLISIS,  Ankyloc'ore, Atretops'ia,  from
Kopv,  'pupil,' and  kAciw, 'I  close.'   Closure or
obliteration  of the pupil.
  CORECTOMIA, see Coretomia.
  CORECTOP'IA, from Kopr,, 'the pupil,' ck, 'out
of,' and tottos, 'place.'  Displacement of the pupil.
A condition of the iris in  which one segment is
larger than  the other; so that the pupil is not in
the centre.—-Von Amnion.
   COREDIALYSIS, see Coretomia.
   CORE'MATA, from Kopeur, 'I cleanse.'  Reme-
dies proper for cleansing  the  skin. — Paulus of
iEgina.
   COREMETAMORPHOSIS, Dyscoria.
   COREMORPHO'MA, same etymon as the next,
A morbid change in the shape of the pupil.
   COREMORPHO'SIS,  Conforma'tio pupilla
artificia'lis, Cor'eplasty, from Koorj,  'the pupil,'
and  uoptpijrais,  'formation.'   The  operation  for
artificial pupil.  See Coretomia.
   CORENCLEI'SIS, from xoprj,  'the pupil,' and
cyKXctw, 'to include.'   Operation  for artificial
pupil, which consists in drawing  out, through an
incision in  the cornea, a portion of the iris, and
 cutting it off.
   COREOX'CION, Coron'cion, Coreorlcium, from
Kopn, 'the pupil,' and oy-Ktvos, 'a small hook.'  An
 instrument, used  for  the  formation  of artificial
pupil by Langenbeck.  It is  hooked at its  ex-
 tremity.  A double-hooked forceps, used by Von
 Grafe, is similarly named.
   COREOP'SIS TRICHOSPER'MA,  Tickweed
 sunflower, Tickseed  sunflower; from  Kopis, 'the
 bug,'  and  oipis, 'resemblance.'  An indigenous
 plant, of the Composite Family, with large golden
 yellow rays, which flowers in  September.  It is
 said to have been used as an alterative.
   CORE PLASTY, Coremorphosis.
   CORETODIALYSIS, see Coretomia.
   CORETOMEDIALYSIS,  see Coretodialysis.
   CORETOM'IA,  from  Kopn,  'the  pupil,'  and
 rtpveiv, 'to  cut.'  Iridotom'ia, Coretotom'ia,  Coro-
 tom'ia, Iridectom'ia, Coretonectom'ia, Corectom'ia,
 Iridodialysis, Corodialysis, Coredialysis,  Core-
 todialysis, Coretomedialysis,  Iridotomedialysis.
 Iridectomedialysis.  Various  operations  for  the
 formation of artificial pupil are  so termed.    The
 first four signify the simple incision of the  iris
 for that purpose; the next three, excision of the
 iris,  or incision with loss of substance; the next
 four the simple separation or tearing asunder of
 the iris from the ciliary ligament; the next two
 such separation with incision of  the iris;  and the
 last such separation with excision of the part of
 the iris detached.  When a portion  of the iris is
 left strangulated in the wound, it is termed  lri-
 denclelsis, Iridencleis'mus, and Iridotenclelsis.
    CORETONECTOMIA,  see Coretomia.
    CORETOTOMIA, Coretomia.
    CORIAN'DER, from Kopis, 'the bug:' the smell
 of the fresh herb resembling that of the bug. [?]
 Coriandrum sativum.
    CORIANDRUM CICUTA, Cicuta virosa—c.
 Maculatum, Conium maculatum.
    Corian'diium Sati'vum,  Corian'der, Corian'-
non,  (F.) Coriandre. Family, Umbcllifcne.  Sex.
Syst. Pentandria  Digynia.   The seeds of the co-
riander— Coriarldrum  (Ph. U. S.), Cnrianntm —
have an aromatic odour, and grateful, pungent
taste.  They are  carminative,  but  are chiefly
used to  cover tbe taste of other medicines.
  COR1ANNON, Coriandrum sativum.
  CORIGEEN, Fucus crispus.
  CORIITIS, Cvtitis.
  CORINTTIIACE, see Vitis Corinthiaca.
  CORION, Corium, Hypericum  perforatum.
  CORIS, Cimex—c. Monspeliensis, Symphytum
Petraeum.
  CO'RIUM.  Corion,  (F.) Cuir.  The  skin of
animals  is  so  called,  especially  when  tanned,
The cutis vera, or the thickest part of the human
skin.
  Corium Piilogis'ticum,  Crusta pleuret'icu seu
inflammato'ria seu  phlogis'lica, Pegrnin, lii/lam'-
matory  Crust or Buff, Buffy Coat,  (F.) Couenne,
C. Pleuritique,  C.  Inflammatoire.  The  grayish
crust or buff, varying in thickness, observed on
blood drawn from a vein during the existence of
violent  inflammation,  pregnancy, Ac It is par-
ticularly manifest in pleurisy, and  hence one of
its  names.  For  its production, it  appears to bo
requisite, that there should be an increase in the
proportion of the fibrinous element of the  blood
over that of the red  corpuscles, with increased
aggregation  of those  corpuscles.   Under such
circumstances, the buffy coat assumes a concave
appearance on its upper surface, and the blood is,
therefore, said to be cupped.
  The  buff is generally believed  to  consist of
fibrin;  but, according to the researches of Mul-
der, it is composed of a binoxide of protein, which
is insoluble in boiling water, and a tritoxide which
is soluble.  These oxides  are  comprehended by
him under the name oxyprotein.
  When the blood presents the above appearance,
it is said to be buffy.
  CORK, Suber.'
   CORMIER, Sorbus domestica.
  CORMUS.   In botany, when the  stem  of a
plant, without creeping or rooting, is distended
under ground, retaining a round or oval form, it
is so called.  The Cormus is vulgarly termed a
root,—radix.
  CORN,  (Saxon corn,)  (G.) Kern.  In  Eng-
land, this word  means the  Cerealia, or  thoso
seeds, which grow in ears, not in  pods.  In the
United States, Corn  always means Indian Corn.
Its English sense corresponds to the French Bit
or Bled.
   Corn, Clavus,  Clavus Pedis, Ecphy'ma Claims,
 Gemur'sa, (F.) Cor; Ognon, from cornu, 'a  horn.'
 A small, hard,  corneous  tumour, which  forms
upon the foot, generally on the toes; and is com-
 monly  produced on the most projecting parts, by
 the pressure  of  too tight shoes.   A part of the
 corn is raised above the skin, and forms a  round
 tumour, like the  head of a nail:  the other por-
 tion, which serves as its base, is buried  more or
 less deeply in  the integuments, and  occasionally
 extends as far as the tendons and  periosteum.
 Corns  may, sometimes, be removed, by  immers-
 ing the feet in warm water, but commonly they
 return.   They can, likewise, be destroyed by the
 knife  or caustic, or by paring  them down and
 pulling them out by the roots; but  these  opera-
 tions are not always as simple as they seem.  In
 the way of palliation,  they must be constantly
 pared; and, for  the purpose of preventing pres-
 sure, any soft plaster, spread upon linen or leather,
 may be applied, with a hole in the centre to re-
 ceive the corn ;  and layer after  layer of plaster
 be added, until they attain the level of tbe corn.
j When  very irritable, the lunar caustic, rubbed
| over the surface, will generally diminish irritabi- 
CORNALINE
lity surprisingly, and in a mode not easy of ex-
planation.
  Corn, Zea mays.
  Corn Cockle, Lychnis githago.
  Corn,. Guinea, Panicum Italicum—c. Indian,
Zea mays—c. Wild, Matricaria chamomilla.
  Corn Flag, Gladiolus vulgaris — c.  Flower,
Centaurea cyanus—c. Salad, Valeriana dentata.
  Corn, Squirrel, Dicentra Canadensis.
  CORN A LINE,  Cornelian.
  CORNE, Cornu—c. d'Ammon, Cornu ammonis
—c. de Belier, Cornu ammonis—c. de Cerfi, Cor-
dis, Cornu cervi,  Cochlearia  coronopus — c. de
 Chamois,  Cornu rupicaprae — c. Descendante ou
i.ifirieure du ventricule latiral, Cornu descendens
ventriculi lateralis — c. de la  Peau, Cornu — c.
Postirieure du ventricule latiral, Cornu posterius
seu post icum ventriculi lateralis.
   CORNE, Corneous.
  COR'NEA,  C. transpa'rens  seu  pellu'cicla seu
lu'cida, Cents, Sclerolica cerato'i'des,  CeratoVlies
seu Cerato'des membra'na, Ceratome'ninx, Mem-
bra'na cornea; from cornu, 'horn.'   The trans-
parent cornea.   (F.)  Cornie.   One of the coats
of the eye, so called  because it has some resem-
blance to horn.  It is termed  transparent to dis-
tinguish it from the  opake — Cornea opa'ca or
 Sclerotic.   It  is  convex,  anteriorly;  concave,
posteriorly; forming  nearly one-fifth of the an-
 terior part of the eye, and representing a segment
 of a sphere about seven lines and a half, or in.
 0-025 in diameter.  It seems to be constituted of
 lumiiue in superposition, but of the precise num-
 ber anatomists are not agreed.  Henle assigns it
four; the third, a very solid cartilaginous lamella,
 being called Membrane de Demours or M. de Des-
 temet: see Aqueous humour.   Messrs. Todd  and
 Bowman assign it  five layers.
   Cornea, Conical,  Staphyloma of the cornea—
 c. Opake,  Caligo—c.  Opaca, Sclerotic—c. Sugar-
 loaf, Staphyloma of the cornea.
   CO IINEE,  Cornea.
   CORNEITIS, Ceratitis.
  CORNEL,  ALTERNATE-LEAVED,   Cornus
 alternifolia—C.American Red-rod, Cornus sericea
—c. Large-flowered, Cornus Florida—c. Panicled,
 Cornus paniculata—c.  Round-leaved, Cornus cir-
 i-inata—c. White, Cornus paniculata.
  CORXE'LIAN,   Carrie'lian,  Chalcedo'nius,
 Carne'olus, Lapis Carne'olus, Come'lus, Corne'olus,
 Lapis Sard'ins, (F.) Cor-naline.  A precious, semi-
 transparent stone,  found in Sardinia.   The  an-
cients ascribed to it a number of absurd properties.
  CORXELUS. Cornelian.
  CORNEOLUS, Cornelian.
  COR'XEOUS,  Cor'neus,  Horny, (F.)  Corrri,
from cornu, 'a horn.'   Having the nature or ap-
pcarance of horn.
  Corneous Tissue, Tela cor'nea, is that which
firms the nails.  The corneous membrane is  the
cornea.
  CORXES DU  CARTILAGE  TIIYROIDE,
Cornua cartilaginis tbyroideae—c. du Coccyx, Cor-
nua cocevsris—c. de lHipiide, Cornua hyoidei ossis. I
  CORXES DE LIMAgOX(F.),  Snails Horns. \
A name given  by Anel to  the  lachrymal  puncta
and ducts.
  CORXES DE LA  MATRICE, Cornua uteri
—c. de la  Peau, Horny excrescences.
  CORNESTA, Retort.
  CORXET  ACOUSTTQUE. Ear-trumpet —c.
 Mryen, Turbinated bone, middle—c.de Morgagni,
Turbinated bone, superior.
  CORNETS,  Turbinated bones — c. de Bert in,
Sphenoidal cornua—c. Sphinoidaux, Sphenoidal
cornua.
  CORXICHOX,  see Cucumis sativus — c. de
Cerfi, Cornu cervi.                              I
3                  CORNU
  CORNICULARIS   PROCESSUS,  Coracoid
process.
  CORNICULUM, diminutive of cornu, 'a horn.'
'a little horn.'   A species of cupping instrument,
shaped like a trumpet, having a hole at the top
for sucking the air out, to diminish  the pressure
in its interior.—Scultetus, Hildanus.
  Corniculum Laryn'gis, Capit'ulum Santorlni
seu Laryn'gis seu  Cartilag"iuis uryteno'idea, Su-
pra-arytenoid Car'tilage, Car'tilage of Santorini.
A small,  very movable,  cartilaginous tubercle,
found on the arytenoid cartilages.
   CORXIER, Cornus Florida.
  CORNIFICATION, Racornissement.
  CORNINE, see Cornus Florida.
   CORXOUILLER,  Cornus Florida — c. d
Feuilles arrondies, Cornus circinata—c. a Grandes
fieurs, Cornus Florida—c. Soyeux, Cornus sericea.
  CORNU, Ceras,  Corn, Horn.   (F.) Come.  A
conical,  hard,  epiderraous  projection,   which
grows on the heads  of certain animals, serving
them as a weapon of offence and defence.   Ana-
tomists have given this name to parts of the hu-
man body, which  have nearly the same shape as
the horns of animals.
  Cornu. A horny excrescence; a corneous wart,
which occasionally forms on the skin, and requires
the use of the knife ; (F.) Come de la Peau.—See
Corn.  Also, Cornu Cervi. — See Cervus.  Also,
a Retort.
  Cornu Acusticum, Ear-trumpet.
  CORNU  Ammo'nis, C. Arie'tis, Hippocam'pus
major, Pes liippocam'pi major, Pes Hippopolami
major, Protuberan'tia cylind'ricci, Vermis  Bom-
byc"iritis, Proces'sus cer'ebri latera'lis, (F.) Come
il Amnion  ou  de  Bilier, Grande  Hippocampe,
Pied de cheval  mar-in, Protuberance cyUndro'ide
(Ch.), Bourrelet rouli.  A  broad,  considerable
eminence,  curved  on itself, and  situate at the
posterior part of the lateral ventricle.   Its sur-
face presents  two or three  tubercles separated
from  each other by shallow  grooves.
  The Accesso'rius Pedis llippocttmp'i, (F.) Ac-
cessoire du pied d'hippocampe, is a  prominence,
usually formed by the base  of the inferior  cornu
of the lateral ventricle of the brain.  It is merely
a fold of the hemisphere, and was by Malacarne
called Cuissart ou Armure des Jambes.
  Cornu Anterius seu Anti'cum Ventric'uli
Latera'lis; Anterior Cornu of the Laleral Vcil-
tricle.  The portion of the lateral ventricle  of the
brain, which is lodged in the middle of the lobe,
and forms the commencement of  that cavity.
  Cornu  Cervi,   Cornu,  C.  Cerci'num,  Cervi
Elaphi  Cornu,  Hartshorn,  (F.)  Come de cerfi,
Bois de cerfi, Cornichon de  cerfi.  The horns  of
various species of  the stag.   They contain  about
27 per cent,  of  gelatin.  The Shavings, Raspa-
tu't-a  seu Ras'ttra Cornu Cervi,  C. C. raspa'titrn,
boiled in  water, have, consequently, been es-
teemed emollient and nutritive.
  Hartshorn  Jelly  may  be  made as follows: —
Hartshorn  shavings,  ^vj ;  boil in water Oiv  to
Oij ; strain, and  add, whilst  hot, of lemon-juice,
two tablespoonfuls ; white sugar. J5 vj ; and Sherry
wine, two glasses.  A good nutriment for the sick,
where wine is not improper.
  When burnt, the shavings constitute the Cornu,
cervi  calcina'tttm,  Cornu ustum, Phosphas Calcis,
Calca'ria phosphor'ica, (F.) Come de cerficalcinie,
Phosphate de chaux, which  consists  of 57'5 per
cent, of phosphate of lime.  It has been used  as
an antacid, but is wholly inert, as  its  composition
would indicate.  It contains only 1  per cent,  of
carbonate of lime.
  Phosphate of lime has also been given in osteo-
malacia, from a presumption that the disease  is
owing to a deficiency of earthy matter in the 
CORNUA
24
4
CORONARY
blood, which is doubtless an error—the fault being
in the agents of assimilation  or  the  cells  of nu-
trition.  With as little propriety, it has been pro-
posed as an excitant to the healthy action of the
cells in  tuberculosis.
  Bone  earth is usually sold in the shops for burnt
hartshorn.
  The Dublin Pharmacopoeia has a  Calcis phos-
phas pracipita'turn, prepared by dissolving burnt
ox bones in muriatic  acid, and  precipitating by
solution  of ammonia.   The dried  precipitate,
called bone jrhosphafe  of lime, has no virtues not
possessed by the cornu ustum.
  Hartshorn was once supposed to possess a be-
zoardic  power.
  Cornu  Cervinum,  Cervus, Plantago corono-
pus.
  Cornu Descen'dens Ventric'uli Latera'lis,
(F.)  Come descendante ou infirieure du ventricule
latiral,  Dig"ital Cav'ity, Descending or inferior
cornu of the  lateral ventricle.  The  termination
of the lateral ventricle in the middle lobe  of the
brain, behind the fissure of Sylvius.
  Cornu Ethmoidal,  Turbinated bone, middle—
c. Middle, Turbinated bone, middle.
  Cornu Poste'rius seu Posti'cum Ventric'uli
Latera'lis,  Cavitas  digita'ta,  Posterior  Cornu
of the Lateral Ventricle,  (F.) Come postirieure
dit ventricule  latiral.  The triangular prolonga-
tion  of  the lateral  ventricle of the brain into the
substance of the occipital lobe.
  Cornu  Rupica'pr.*, (F.)  Come de Chamois.
The  horn of the chamois.  It has the same pro-
perties as the Cornu Cerri.
  CORNUA, Turbinated bones.
  Cornua Cartilag"inisThyroide^:, (F.)Comes
du Cartilage thyroide. Eminences on the thyroid
cartilage, distinguished into great, or superior,
which are articulated  with  the great  cornu of the
os hyoides; — and  into small or inferior,  united
with the cricoid cartilage.
  Cornua Coccy'gis, Cornua of the  Coccyx, (F.)
Comes  du Coccyx.  Two small, tubercular emi-
nences  at the  base of the  coccyx, which are
articulated with those of the  sacrum.
  Cornua Cutanea, Horny excrescences.
  Cornua Hyoidei Ossis, Radices ossis hyo'i'dei,
Cornua   of the Hyoid  Bone,  (F.)   Gomes  de
I'hyo'ide.   Four fragments  of the  os  hyoides,
situate  above  the  body of  the bone, and  distin-
guished into the small or superior, and the great
or lateral.
  Cornua Lacrym.vlta, Lachrymal  ducts — c.
Limacutn,  Lachrymal  ducts,   see   Lachrymal
pun eta.
  Cornua Sacra'lia,  Cornua  of the  Sacrum.
Two tubercles, situate at the posterior and in-
ferior surface of the sacrum, which are  some-
times united.
  Cornua, Sphenoidal, see Sphenoidalia cornua
—c.  Styloid, see Hyoides, os.
  Cornua U'teri, Cornua of the U'terus, Ceraa,
Ktpatat, Plec'tana, (F.) Comes de la Matrice. The
angles of the uterus, where the  Fallopian tubes
arise.   Sometimes  applied to  the Fallopian tubes
themselves.
  CORXUE, Retort—c.  Tubulie, see Retort.
  CORXUMUSA.  Retort.
  CORXUS ALTERNIFO'LIA, Alternate-leaved
Cornel; indigenous.  Xat.  Ord.  Cornaceae. The
bark is  one of  the "Shaker medicines," being
considered diaphoretic and astringent.
  Cornus  Amomus, C. sericea—'c. Blueberried,
C. sericea.
  Cornus  Circina'ta,   0. tomento'sa, Round-
leaved Cornel or Dogwood, (P.) Comouiller d feu-
illes arrondies.  Order, Cornaceae.  The bark of
this  variety has been used for similar purposes
with the next.
  Cornus Flor'ida, Dogwood, Dogtree, Boxtree,
Bitter Redberry,Large-jloweredCornel,MalcGrciit-
flowered Dogwood, Florida Dogwood,  Virginian
Dogwood, Boxwood  (Xem  England),  (V.)  Cor-
nouiller, Cornier, C.  d grandes fieurs.  The bark
of this beautiful tree, which grows everywhere in
the United States, has been long employed  as a
substitute for cinchona.  Dose, from £ss to t"j.
Its active principle  has been  separatee!  from it,
and received the name of Cornine.
  Cornus Femina,  C. sericea—c. Mas odorata,
Laurus sassafras.
  Cornus Paniciila'ta, Parlicled or White  Cor-
nel or Dogwood, indigenous, has been used as a
substitute for Cornus Florida.
  Cornus Rubiginosa, C. sericea—c. Sanguinea,
Sebestina, C. sericea.
  Cornus Seri'cea, C. amo'mus seu fe'mina seu
r-nbigino'sa  seu Sanguin'ea,  Swanijj  Dogwood,
Red Willoic, Rose  Willow, New England Dog-
wood, Female Dogwood, Silky-leaved Dogwood,
American Red-rod Cornel, Red-rod, Red O'sier,
Blueberried Dogwood, Blueberried Cornus,  (F.)
Comouiller  soyeux.   The  bark, it is  said,  has
been found little inferior to Cirxchona Pullida in
intermittents.—Barton.
  Cornus Tomentosa, C. circinata.
  CORNUTA, Retort.
  CORODIALYSIS, see Coretomia.
  COROLLA   INFUNDIBULIFORMIS,  see
Tube, Fallopian.
  COROXA, Crown —c. Ciliaris, Ciliary  body —
o. Dentis, Crown of  a tooth—c. Glandis, Crown
of the glans—c. Posterior ulnae, Olecranon.
  Coro'nA Ra'dIANS, Ra''dinting Crown  of Reil.
Fasciculi of white  fibres  radiate in all directions
from every part of the surface of the optic thala-
mus, excepting its  inner side,  which  is free and
corresponds to  the third ventricle; the anterior
of these fibres pass directly forwards, the middle
fibres outwards, and the  posterior  backwards,
forming the coro'na ra'dians.
  Corona Regia,  Trifolium rnelilotus—c. Ulna?,
Olecranon—c Veneris. Crown of Venus.
  CORONA CILIARIS MEMBRAXULA, Cili-
ary zone—c Palpebrarum, see Tarsus.
  COROXAD, see  Coronal Aspect.
  CORO'NAL,  Corona'lis, Coronelrius. Relating
to  the crown ; from  corona, ' a crown.'  A name
formerly given to the frontal bone, because on it
partly reposes the crown of kings.
  Coronal  Aspect.  An  aspect towards  the
plane of the corona or crown of the head. Coro-
nad is used adverbially to signify 'towards  the
coronal aspect.'—Barclay.
  Coronal Suture,  Sutu'r-a corona'lis, S.  Fronto-
parieta'lis, Pnppis  Sntu'ra, S.  Arcua'lis.  The
suture of the head, which  extends from one tem-
poral  bone to the  other,  over the crown of the
head, and  unites  the parietal  bones  with  the
frontal.  The  Suture Coronale of the  French
anatomists is the suture which unites the  two
halves  of the os frontis at the early period of life.
It  is a prolongation of the sagittal.
  CORONALE,  MINERAL WATERS  OF.
These waters  are  found  near Lucca, in Italy.
They received  their name from  an erroneous
notion,  that  they  are particularly  adapted  for
curing diseases  of  the os  frontis.  Their tempe-
rature  is  95° Fahrenheit.  They  contain  free
carbonic acid, sulphates of lime and magnesia,
chlorides  of sodium and magnesium, Ac,  and
some iron.
  CORONARIUS, Coronal.
  COR'ONARY,  Corona'rius,  (F.)  Corounire,
from corona, 'a crown.'  Resembling a crown.
  Cor'onary Artery op the  Stomach,  Arte'ria
Gorona'ria  Ventric'uli  seu Gas'trica  supe'rior,
(F.) ArtiHre coronaire stomachique, A.  Stomogat- 
COROXCION              24
tri-pie (Ch.), is one of the branches of the coeliac, l|
which passes towards the superior orifice of the
stomach, extends along its lesser curvature, and
ends by anastomosing with the pyloric branch
of the hepatic.  This artery  furnishes branches
to the inferior part of the oesophagus, the cardiac
orifice, the great cul-de-sac, the middle part of
tbe stomach, the lesser  omentum, and  anasto-
moses with the other arteries  of those organs.
   Coronary Ligament of the liver is a reflection
of the peritoneum, which surrounds the posterior
margin  of the liver.  The same term is likewise
applied  to ligaments which unite the radius and
ulna.
   Coronary Plexus op TnE Heart.  The ante-
rior and posterior coronary plexuses  of the heart
are derived  from the anterior and posterior car-
diac plexuses.  See Cardiac Plexus.
   Coroniry  Plexus  of  the Stomach.  This
plexus of nerves is given off from the upper part
of the solar plexus.
   Coronary Sinus  of the Heart, Sinus, coro-
nary, venous — c. Sinus of  Ridley, Sinus corona-
rius.
   Coronary  Tendons,  Ten'dines  corona'ria.
 The fibro-cartilaginous rings  at the orifices of the
 coronary arteries and aorta.
   Coronary Vein op the  Stomach, Vena Coro-
 na'ria  Ventric'uli,  accompanies the artery, and
 terminates in the vena porta.  Sb'mmering, and
 some other  anatomists, call all the four arteries
 of the stomach Corona'ria  Stomach'ica.
   CORONCION, Coreoncion.
   CORO'NE, from  oputvn, 'a crow.'  The coro-
 noid process of the lower jaw.
   COR'ONOID,  Corono'ides,  from  Kopori-n,  'a
 crow,'  ami  ethos, 'shape,' 'resemblance.'  Re-
 sembling the beak  of a crow.   The  name  has
 been given to two processes.   One, situate  at the
 anterior and superior part of the ramus of the os
 maxillare inferius, and  affording attachment to
 the temporal  muscles:  the  other,  called, also,
 sharp process, situate at  the  superior part of the
 ulna, anterior to the  great  sigmoid fossa, and
 forming a part of the hinge of the elbow-joint.
   CORONOPODIUM, Plantago coronopus.
   CORONOPUS, Cochlearia  coronopus — c. De-
 pressus, Cochlearia  coronopus—c. Ruellii,  Coch-
 learia coronopus — c. Vulgaris, Cochlearia coro-
 nopus.
   COROTOMIA, Coretomia.
   CORP, Cadaver.
   CORPORA, see Corpus — c. Albicantia,  Mam-
 millary tubercles.
   Corpora  Amyla'cea, Corpus'cula amyla'cea,
 A inyla'ceous or Am'yloid bodies, Starch cor'puscles,
 Animal starch.  A  name  given  by Virchow to
 certain bodies of microscopic size, found chiefly
 in the  human brnin and spinal  marrow — in the
 ependipna ventriculorum  and  its prolongations —
 mingled with  the  proper  nerve elements'; and
 having most of the chemical characters of cellu-
 lose.
   Corpora  Arantii, Noduli Arantii,  Tubercula
 A.—c Bigemina, Quadrigemina corpora—c. Can-
 dieantia,  Albicantia corpora, Mammillary  tuber-
 cles—c. Cavernosa, Cavernous bodies—c. Fibrosa,
 Corps Fibreux.
   Cor'pora Fimbria'ta,  Ta'nia  Hippocam'pi,
 Fim'briatcd or fringed bodies, (F.) Corps Frangis
 ou Bordis, Randelcttes des  Comes d'Amnion, Ban-
 dclette de I'Hippocampe.  The thin, flattened, and
 very delicate band, situate  along the concave edge
 of the  cornu ammonis,  which is  a continuation
 of the posterior crura of the  fornix.
   Coupon v  Genicui.a'ta,  (F.)  Corps  Giniculis,
 C. ginouillis.   Eminences situate at the lower
and outer part of the optic thalami.  Each optic
CORPORA  STRIATA
tract commences at the corp'us genicula'tum ex-
tern'um.   The corpus  genicula'tum interilum is
merely a tubercle inserted into the bend or knee,
formed by the corpus geniculatum externum.
  Corpora  Globosa  Cervicis  Uteri, Nabothi
glandulae—c. Lutea, see Corpus luteum.
  Corpora  Malpighia'na, Mn/pig'hian Bodies,
Ac"ini, Cor'puscles or  Glom'erules ofi Malpig'hi,
Glomer'uli rena'les, Corpus'cula Maljn'g'hii. Scat-
tered through  the plexus  formed by the blood-
vessels and  uriniferous tubes in  the  kidney, a
number of small dark points may be  seen with
the naked eye, which  received  their name  from
Malpighi, their describer.  Each  of these, under
the microscope, is found to consist of a  convo-
luted mass  of blood-vessels, which  constitutes
the true glandule, corpuscle, or glomerule of Mal-
pighi.  It was at one time supposed  that the
tubuli uriniferi originate in them; but this does
not appear to  be the case.  Their use is not posi-
tively known, but as they have been  traced by
Mr.  Bowman  into the  commencement of the uri-
nary tubes,  in which  they lie uncovered, it bas
been supposed that their office may be to sepa-
rate the watery portions of the blood to be mixed
with the proper urinous matter.
   Corpora   Mammillaria, Mammillary tuber-
cles— c. Ncrvio-spongiosa Penis, Corpora caver-
nosa—c. Nervosa, Corpora cavernosa.
   Corpora  Oliva'ria, C.ovn'ta,Eminerltia Oli-
va'res seu ova'les latera'les, Ollva, Prominen'tia
Semiova'les Medulla Oblonga'ta, (Eminences la-
tirales, Ch.)   Oblong,  whitish eminences, situate
at the occipital surface of the medulla oblongata,
exterior to the corpora pyramidalia.
   Corpora  Ovata,  Corpora  olivaria—c. Pisifor-
mia, Mammillary tubercles.
   Corpora  Pyramipa'lia, Eminen'tia pyraini-
da'les seu media'na inter'na,  Pyra'tnitles, (F.)
Corjis pyramidaux, Pyramides antirieures (Gall),
Eminences pyramidales  (Ch.)   Two  medullary
bundles, placed on either side of  the anterior fis-
sure.  These  bodies have  also been  called Cor-
pora Pyramidalia antica, to  distinguish them
from the C.  olivaria, which have been  called
Corpora Pyramidalia  latera'lia.
   Over a space, commencing 8  or 10 lines below
the pons and extending to the lower  end of the
medulla  oblongata,  a  portion  of each pyramid
crosses to the opposite side — decussation  of the
pyramids, Decussa'tio pyram'idum.
   Corpora Pyramidalia Posteriora, see Cor-
pora restiformia—c. Pyramidalia testis, Coni vas-
culosi--c. Quadrigemina, Q.  corpora.
   Corpora  Restifor'mia, Crura seu Pedun'culi
medulla oblonga'ta, Corpora pyramidalia pos-
terio'ra, Proces'sus d cerebello  ad medull'am ob-
longa'tam, Posterior pyramids, Ped'tincles ofi the
medulla  oblonga'ta,  Inferior  peduncles  ofi the
cerebellum,  (F.) Corps restifiormes, Cuisses pos-
tirienres. Pyramides postirieures, Racines, Bras
ou Jambes  du cervelet, Pitites  branches  de la
moelle allongie,  Pidoncules du  cervelet.   Two
medullary projections, oblong,  and of a whitish
appearance, which proceed from  each side of the
upper extremity of  the  medulla  oblongata, and
contribute to the formation of the cerebellum.
The posterior- pyramids—fiascic'uli gra"ci/es—
are described as distinct from the restiform bodies.
They are situate in  contact with each other, one
on each side of the posterior median fissure. They
become closely applied to the  restiform  bodies,
and have been considered to  be blended with
them, and  to proceed to  form  the cerebellum.
According to  some, they ascend to the cerebrum.
   Corpora Stria'ta,  Grand ganglion supirieur
du cerveau (Gall), Couches des nerfs ethmo'idaux,
 Corps cannelis, Eminen'tia Lenticula'res,  Collie'-
uli Nervi Ethmo'ida'lis, Aj/ices Crurum medul'la 
CORPS                 246         CORPUS  MUCOSUM
oblonga'ta, Gan'glion cer'ebi ante'rius, Anterior
cerebral ganglion, (F.)  Corps striis.   Pyriform
eminences  of a  slightly  brownish-gray  colour,
which form part of the floor of the lateral ventri-
cles  of the brain.  When cut, a mixture of gray
and  white substance  is  seen,  arranged  alter-
nately, to which they owe their name.   The tract
of fibres that ascends from the anterior pyramids
passes chiefly into them.  Willis  considered that
the soul resided there.
  Corpora Striata Superna Posteriora, Tha-
lami nervorum opticorum — c Triticea, see Hy-
oides os—c.  Wolffiana, see Corpus Wolffianum.
  CORPS, Body—c. Bordis, Corpora fimbriata
—c. Calleux, Corpus eallosum—c. Cannelis, Cor-
pora striata — c. Caverneux, Corpora cavernosa—
c. Cendri, Corpus dentatum—c. Ciliaire,  Corpus
dentatum—c.  Denteli,   Corpus  dentatum — c,
Etranger, Extraneous body—c. Festonni,  Corpus
dentatum.
  CORPS FIBREUX, Corpora Fibro'sa.  Bayle
has  given  this name to adventitious fibrous pro-
ductions of a round shape, more or less adherent,
and sometimes having a  pedicle, which form in
certain parts of the body,  particularly in the sub-
stance of the uterus.
  CORPS  FOLLICULAIRE  VAGIN ALE,
Cowper's glands  in the female—c. Frangis, Cor-
pora  fimbriata — c.  Ginicules, Corpora genicu-
lata — c.   Genouillis,  Corpora  geniculata — e.
Godronni,   Fascia  dentata — c.  Humain,  see
Body—c. Hyaloide,  Corpus vitreum—c.  d'Hyg-
more ou d'Highmore, Corpus Highmori—c. Jaune,
Corpus luteum—c. 3Tuqueux, Corpus mucosum—
c. d'Oken,  Corpus Wolffianum—c. Orgauisis, Or-
ganized bodies— c. Pampiniforme, Corpus pain-
piniforme—c. Phacoide, Crystalline—c. Pyrami-
daux, Corpora  pyramidalia—c. Restiformes, Cor-
pora restiformia—c.  Rhombo'ide, Corpus dentatum
—c. Striis, Corpora striata—c. Thyroide, Thyroid
gland — c. Variciforme,  Epididymis — c. Var-i-
queux,  Corpus  pampiniforme,  Epididymis—c.
 Vitri,   Corpus  vitreum — c.  de   Wolff,  Corpus
Wolffianum.
  CORPSE, Cadaver.
  CORP'ULENT, Corpulen'tus, Obe'sus, Crassus,
Fat, Fleshy, (Sc.)  Corssy, (Prov.) Sobby; from
corpus,  'the  body,' and lentus, 'thick.'  Having
an  unusual development of fat or flesh in propor-
tion to the frame of the body.
  CORPULENTIA, Cor'pulence, is synonymous
with Obesity and Polysarcia.
  Corpulentia Carnosa, Torositas.
  CORPUS, Soma,  a Body.  Any object  which
strikes one or more of our senses.   Gases, liquids,
metals,  vegetables, animals, are so many  bodies.
Natural  bodies have been divided  into animal,
vegetable, and mineral; or into inorganic,  includ-
ing the mineral kingdom; and organised,  includ-
ing the animal and vegetable.  The chief differ-
ences between organized  and inorganic  bodies
consists in the former having an origin by gene-
ration, growth by nutrition,  and termination by
death;  the  latter a fortuitous origin, external
growth, and a termination by chemical or  mecha-
nical force.
  Many parts  of the frame have, also, been dis-
tinguished by this name,  as Corpus Callosum, C.
3Iucosum,  Ac.  See  Body.
  Corpus  Adeniforme, Prostate—c. Adenoides,
Prostate — c. Adiposum, Pinguedo — c Alienum,
Extraneous—c Annulare, Pons varolii.
   Corpus  Callo'sum,  Commissu'ra Magna seu
max'ima cer'ebri, Trabs Medulla'ris seu Cer'ebri,
 Trabec'tXla seu Cop'ula magna cer'ebri, (F.) Corps
 Calleux,  Voute midullaire, Plafond des  ventri-
cules du  cerveau, 3lisolobe (Ch.)   A white, me-
dullary band,  perceived  on  separating the  two
hemispheres of the brain, which it connects with
each other.  La Peyronie regarded it as the sent
of the soul.   On it  are  seen longitudinal and
transverse fibres—Stria longitudina'les Lands'ii,
(see Raphe,) and Stria seu Chor'da transver'salet
 Willis'ii,  The  anterior  portion,  which  bends
downwards, is termed genu ; the posterior flexure,
sple'nium, tuber, (F.), bourrclct.  Tbe fibres which
curve backwards into the  posterior  lobes from
the posterior border of the corpus callosum, have
been termed Forceps; those which pnss directly
outwards into the  middle lobes from the same
point,  Tape'turn;  and those which  curve for-
wards  and inwards from  the anterior border to
the anterior lobe, forceps anterior.
  Corpus Ciliare, Ciliary Body,  Corpus denta-
tum, see Ciliary—c. Cinereum, Corpus dentatum
—c.  Conoides, Pineal gland — c.  Crystalloides,
Crystalline.
  Corpus Denta'tum, C.  Denticula'tum seu Cili-
aire, (F.) Corps  denteli ou festonni.  A  central,
oval nucleus, of cineritious substance, met with
in the cerebellum; the circumference of which
exhibits  a number of indentations, surrounded by
medullary  substance.—Vicq d'Azvr.   It  is seen
by dividing the  cerebellum vertically into two
equal parts. — The same body  has been  called
Corps cendri ou  ciliaire  ou rhombo'ide, Cor-pim
Cine'feurn seu Rhomboideum seu  Rhombo'ida'le,
Ganglion du cervelet,  Noyau central des Pidon-
cules du  cervelet,  Nucleus  dentatiis  seu fimbria'tim
seu centra'lis seu rhomboida'lis, Substantia rhom-
bo'idea,   Gan'glion  cilia're,  G.  cerebelli.  The
term  Corpus  dentatum, Nu'cleus  ollva,  is also
given to the ganglion of the corpus olivare, which,
like  that of  the cerebellum, is  a yellowish-gray
dentated capsule, open behind, and containing
medullary  matter,  from  which  a  fasciculus  of
fibres proceeds upwards  to  the corpora quadri-
gemina and thalami optici.
  Corpus Denticulatum, c. Dentatum — c. Dis-
coides,  Crystalline — c.  Externum, Extraneous
body — c. Extraneum, Extraneous body — c. Ge-
niculatum, see Corpora Geniculata — c. Glandi-
forme, Prostate — c.  Glandosum, Prostate—c.
Glandulosum, Prostate.
  Corpus Glandulo'sum Mulie'rum, Gland'ula
Pros'tata mulie'rum.   A vascular spongy emi-
nence, which surrounds the orifice of the urethra,
and projects at its under part.
  Corpus Highmo'ri, C.  Highmoria'num, 3Tedi-
astlnitm testis, 3Iea'tus semina'rius,  (F.)  Corpi
d'Hygmore ou d'Highmore, Sinus  des  Vaisseaiu
siminifZres, (Ch.)  An oblong  eminence, along
the superior  edge  of the testicle, which seems
formed  of a  reflection  of the tunica albuginea,
through  which the principal trunks of the semi-
niferous  vessels  pass  before they reach the epidi-
dymis.
  Corpus Incomprehensible, Thymus.
  Corpus  Lu'teum, (F.) Corps jaune,  'yellow
body.'  A small yellowish body, perceived in  the
ovarium, and  left after the rupture of one of the
vesicles.  It was, for a long time, considered an
evidence of previous  impregnation ; but Corpora
lutea are met with  in unquestionable  virgins;
although the corpora lutea  of virgins have been
generally regarded to differ materially, in size
and character, from those of impregnation, which
have been called true corpora lutea in contradis-
tinction  to the other, called false corpora lutea.
  Corpus  Muco'sum, C.  reticula'r'e, Rete mueo'-
sum, Jlueus seu Rete seu Stratum Jfalpirfhii, Me-
tic'ubim  cuta'neum seu muco'sum,  Mesoderrn'um,
3Iucous web, (F.) Corps muqiieux, Couche de Mul-
pighi.  The second layer of the skin  has been so
called.   It is  situate between the cutis vera and
cuticle,  and gives  colour to the  body.   In  the
white varieties of our species it  is colourless; in
the negro, black.   By most anatomists the exist- 
CORPUSCLES,  BLOOD        24
ence of Buch a layer, distinct from the epidermis,
is denied.
  Corpus Okense,  Corpus Wolffianum.
  Corpus  Pampinifor'me, from pampinus,  'a
tendril.'   C. Varico'sum seu pyramida'le, Hede-
.  '.. us plexus, Plexus pampiniform'is seu vascu-
lo'sus funic'iili  spermat'ici pampiniformis, (F.)
Corps pampiniforme, C. Vaiiqueux.  The plexus \
or retilorm arrangement of the spermatic arteries
and veins in the cavity of the abdomen,  anterior
to tbe psoas muscle.
   Corpus Papillare, Textus Papilla'rrs, Corpus
reticula're.   The nervous and vascular papillae
situate beneath the  epidermis, called by Breschet ;
Xeurothelic apparatus.
   Corpus  Phacoides, Crystalline—c. Pituitare,
Pituitary  gland — c. Psalloides, Lyra—c. Pyra-
midale, Corpus pampiniforme—c. Reticulare, Cor-
pus mucosura, Corpus Papillare—c. Rhomboidale,
Corpus dentatum—c. Rhomboideum, Corpus den-
tatum—c. Thymiamum, Thymus—c. Thymicum,
 Thymus — c.  Thyreoideum,  Thyroid gland — c.
 Turbinatum, Pineal gland—c. Varicosum, Corpus
pampiniforme, Spermatic  cord — c.  Varicosum
 testis,  Epididymis.
   Corpus Spongiosum  Ure'thra,  Substantia
 spongio'sa ure'thra.  This substance arises before
 the prostate gland, surrounds the urethra,  and
 forms the bulb.  It then proceeds  to the end of
 the corpora  cavernosa,  and  terminates in   the
 glans penis, which it forms.   Kobelt describes,
 in  the female, as the analogue to the corpus spon-
 giosum of the male, a venous plexus, which,  as
 it lies between the  glans  clitoridis, and  the  part
 that corresponds, in the male, to the bulb of the
 urethra, he terms pars interme'dia, (F.) Riseau
 intermidiaire.
   Corpus Striatum, see Corpora striata—c.  Tri-
 gonutn, see Urinary Bladder.
   Corpus Vit'reum,  Humor  Vitreus seu Hya-
 lo'i'dcs  seu  hyalinus,  Glacia'lis humor,  Vitreous
 hit,nor, Vilrina ocula'ris, (F.) Corps vitri oulrya-
 loide, llnmeur hyaloide.   The  transparent mass,
 of a gelatinous consistence, which fills  the  eye,
 behind the crystalline.  It is  contained in cells,
 formed by the tunica hyaloidea.
   Corpus Wolffia'num,  C.  Oken'se,  Wolffian
 body, (F.) Corps de  Wolff ou tl'Oken.  At a very
 early period of foetal  formation, bodies  are  per-
 ceptible, which  were first described by Wolff, as
 existing in the fowl, and in the  mammalia by
 Oken.  According  to  Miiller, they disappear  in
 man very early, so that but  slight remains of
 them are perceptible after the  9th or 10th week
 of pregnancy.  They cover the region of the  kid-
 neys and renal capsules, which are formed after-
 wards; and they are presumed to  be the organs
 of urinary secretion during  the first periods of
 fa-tal existence.
   CORPUSCLES, BLOOD. Globules of the blood
 —c. Bone, see Lacunae of Bone—c. Caudate, see
 Caudate—c. Chyle, see Chyle.
   Corpuscles,  Exuda'tion.    The  organizable
 nuclei contained in fibrinous fluids,  which are the
 origin of the new tissues formed from such fluids.
   Corpuscles,   Ganglion,   see   Neurine — c.
 Glandiform, Acinus—e. Lymph, see Lymph — c.
 of Malpigbi,  Corpora  Malpighiana — c.  Mucous,
 see Mucus — c  Nerve, see Neurine — c.  Osseous,
 see Lacuna? of bone.
   Corpuscles,  Pacin'ian,  (F.) Corpuscules de
 Pacini, so called from Filippo  Pacini, an Italian
 physician, who, it  is  generally conceived,  first
 noticed them in 1S30.  They  appear, however,
 to have been depicted  in 1741 by Lehmann, from
a preparation by A. Vater, who called them  Pa-
pilla and P. nervea.  Hence,  it has been pro-
pose! by J. C Strahl (1S4S) to call them Vate'rian
cor)jiischs or  Corjrtisclt.3  of later iVater'schel
CORROBORANT
Kb'rperchen.)  Small bodies connected  with
the cutaneous nerves of the palm and sole.  They
have also been found  sparingly and inconstantly
in nerves  at  the wrist and elbow ;  in  the upper
arm, fore-arm, and thigh, and inter-costal nerve.
the sacral plexus, solar plexus and the plexuses
adjacent to it.  In each corpuscle there is the ter-
mination of a nervous filament.  Their uses are
not known.
   Corpuscles  of Purkinje,  see Canaliculus—c.
Pus, see Pus—c Pyoid, see Pus—c. Splenic, see
Spleen—c. Starch, Corpora amylacea—c. Tactile,
Corpuscula tactus — c. Touch, Corpuscula tactus
— c.  of Vater,  C.  Pacinian — c. Weberian, see
Ejaculatory Ducts—c White, see Globules of the
blood—c. White granulated, see Globulin.
   CORPUSCULA  ARANTII, Tubercula A., see
Sigmoid valves—c. Glandularum similia intesti-
norum, Peyeri  glandulae — c.  Globosa cervieL-.
uteri, Nabothi glandulae.
   Corpuscula  Laennec'ii.   Fibroid granula-
tions, occasionally observed on thickened portions
of the pericardium.
   Corpuscula Malpighii, Corpora Malpighiana
— c. Ossium, see Lacunae of bone—c.  Sanguinis,
Globules  of the blood — c. Seminis, Spermatozoa
—c. Sesamoidea, see  Sigmoid valves.
   Corpuscula Tactus, Tactile or Touch Corpus-
cles, (F.)  Corpuscules du tact,  Axile bodies,  (G.)
Axen  Krirper.  Bodies, composed of a horizon-
tally laminated mass of areolar tissue, which are
found in the papilla?  of parts  endowed with  great
tactile sensibility.  The nerves of touch communi-
cate with them, and their function  is probably to
render the sense more  acute.
   Corpuscula  Triticea,  see  Hyoides, ps — c.
 Weberiana, see Ejaculatory Ducts.
   CORPUS'CULAR,  Corpuscula'ris.  Relating
 to, or containing, corpuscles, as corpuscular fibrin.
 Fibrin  which tends to disintegration, and consists
 of granules in considerable proportion.
   CORPUSCULES  CALCAIRES,  Lacunae of
 bone—c.  Noir-s, Lacunae of bone—c. Des Os, La-
 cunae of bone—c. Rami/iis, Lacuna? of bone.
   CORPUSCULUM   ARANTII,  see  Sigmoid
 valves—c. Conicum RosenuiuTleri,  Parovarium—
 c Sesamoideum, see  Sigmoid valves.
   CORRAGO, Borago officinalis.
   CORRE, Corse, from Kcipur,' I shave.' [?]   The
 temples or the part of the jaws, which it is  usual
 to shave.—Gorraeus.
   CORRECTIF, Corrigent.
   CORRECTION,  Correc'tio, from corrigere,
 (con  and rtgere, rectum, 'to rule  or  order,') to
 correct.'  The act  of correcting medicines; that
 is, of diminishing their energy or  obviating un-
pleasant effects, by mixing them with substances
 which mitigate their  operation.
   CORRECTORIUS, Corrigens.
   CORRELATION,  see Synergy.
   CORRIGEEN MOSS, Fucus crispus.
   COR'RIGENT, Cor'rigens, Correeto'rius,  Cas-
ti'gans, Infrin'gens,  Emerldans:  same etymon.
 (F.)  Correctifi.   That  which  corrects.  A  corri-
gent, in a pharmaceutical formula,  is a substance
added to a medicine  to  mollify or modify its ac-
tion.  In the following  formula, the aloes, if not
corrected, might induce  tormina.  The  Oleum
3Ientha is added as a corrigent.
   B  Aloes                            5Jj
       Olei JTentha                  gtt. v
       Syrup q. s. utfiant Pilula        xvj
   CORRIG"IA.   Akin  to   corium,  'leather.'
Leathern straps.   By  extension, the  term has
been applied to the tendons and ligaments.
   CORROB'ORANT,   Corrob'orative,  Corrob'-
orans,  Corroborati'vus,  Rob'orans,  Muscula'ris,
Restau'rans, Restor'ative, Bracing,  from  corrobo-
rar-e, (con, and robur,  'strength,') ' to strengthen.' 
CORROBORANTIA
:48
CORYBANTIASM
(F.)  Corroborant,  Corroboratif, Fortifiant.  Any
substance which  strengthens  and  gives tone.
Wine, for example, is a corroborant.   See Tonic.
  CORROBORANTIA, Tonics.
  CO Rll OB OR A TIF, Corroborant.
  CORROBORATIVE, Corroborant.
  COR ROD A NT, Corrosive.
  CORRODENS,  Corrosive.
  CO PROS IF, Corrosive.
  CORRO'SION,  Corro'sio, Diabro'sis, Anabro'-
sis,   Ero'sio, from con, and rodere, rosum, ' to
gnaw.'   The action  or effect of corrosive sub-
stances.
  CORRO'SIVE,  Corro'dens, Diabrolicus, Cor-
rosi'vus,  same etymon.  (F.)  Corrosifi, Corrodant.
Corrosives  are substances, which, when  placed in
contact with living  parts, gradually disorganize
them.   Caustic alkalies, 3Iineral acids,  Corrosive
sublimate,  are  corrosives.  They act either di-
rectly, by  chemically destroying the part, — or
indirectly, by causing inflammation and gangrene.
  Corrosive Poison, see Poison.
  CORRUGATIO,  Corrugation — c.   Cutis,
Wrinkle.
  CORRUGATION, Corruga'tio,  Syna'rema,
from con,  and ruga, 'a  wrinkle.'  Wrinkling,
Frowning, (F.) Froncement;  the contraction of
the  Corrugato'res  Supercilii muscles.   Corruga-
tion of the  skin is often owing to the application
of styptic medicines: it is rendered  by  them un-
equal and rugous.
  CORRUGATOR  COITERII,  Corrugator su-
percilii.
  Corruga'tor Supercil'ii, from corrugare, 'to
wrinkle;'  same etymon.   Mus'cuMts  supercil'ii
sen fronta'lis vents seu Corruga'tor  Coite'rii, Su-
percilia'ris, (F.) Cutanio-sourcilier,  3Iuscle Sour-
cilier  ou  Surcilier,  M.  Fronto-Sourcilier.   A
muscle situate in the eyebrows.  It is attached,
by  its inner extremity, to  the superciliary ridge,
and is confounded, externally, with  the occipito-
frontalis and orbicularis palpebrarum.   It carries
the eyebrow inwards, and wrinkles the  skin of
the forehead.
   CORRUP'TION,  Corrup'tio, Phthora, Diapll-
thora,  from  corrumpere,  corrtqrtum,   (con,  and
rumpere, ' to  break,) ' to  destroy.'  Act of cor-
rupting.  State of being corrupted.  Reaction of
the particles  of a body upon each  other.  It is
probable that something like corruption may take
place even in the living body.  The  word is used,
at  times, like  Boue with the French, in  a vague
manner for a state   of puriform, putrid, or other
breaking down of  parts or humours.   ' To spit
corruption,' is a vulgar expression.
   CORSE, Cadaver, Corre.
   CORSET, from Corse, (F.) corps, 'the body.'
 Stethodesrrlium, Stethodesm'is, Stethodesm'us, Tu'-
nica Thora'cis, Thorax, Pectora'le. An article
 of  dress, which closely embraces the trunk, and
is  much used by females in civilized  countries.
When corsets or stays are worn very tight, many
 serious evils result from the unnatural compression.
   Different bandages, more  or  less complicated,
which embrace the greater part of the  trunk, are
likewise so called.
   An orthopedic corset is one intended  to obviate
 deviation of the stature.
   CORSET DE BRASDOR.   The name of a
bandage invented by one Brasdor, to keep in situ
the fragments of a fractured clavicle.
   CORSSY, Corpulent.
   CORTALON, Senecio.
   CORTEX,  Phloios, Phloos,  Phlous,  Lemma,
Bark,  (F.) Ecorce.   This word has often  been
applied  exclusively  to Cinchona:   thus, we say
Bark—the cortex  or bark, Kar' t^o^nv.   It means,
also, any bark.
   Cortex Adstring"ens Brasilien'sis. An as-
tringent bark introduced from Brazil into  Ger-
many in the year 1828.   It is said to be obtained
from 3Iimo'sa cochlea car] la  seu  viigina'lis.  It
has been  used  with  advantage  in all cases  in
which astringent barks in general are indicated.
Dose of the powder Qj  to £ss.
  Cortex  Alcomoco, Alcomoque — c. Anisi  stel-
lati, see Illicium anisatum — c. Antiscorbuticus,
Canella alba — c. Aromaticus,  Canella alba—c.
Aurantii, see Citrus aurantium — c. Canclhc  Mn-
labaricm, Laurus cassia—c. Cardinalis del Lugo,
Cinchona—c. Caryopbyllatus, see Myrtus caryo-
phyllata—c.  Caryophylloides, Laurus culilawan.
  Cortex Cer'ebri.  The Cor'Heal, Cincril'iou*,
Vesie'ular  or Gray substance of the Brain.  The
gray portion  observed at the exterior  of the cere-
brum and cerebellum ; so called because it forms
a kind of bark to the medullary substance,   (lull
considers, that this substance  forms the nerves;
and therefore calls it Substance matt-iee des Nerfs.
  The name  cortical is likewise given to the ex-
ternal substance of the kidneys, because it is  of
a deeper colour than the inner  part of the organ,
and forms a kind of envelope to it.
  Cortex Chacabill*, Croton Cascarilla—
c. Chinae,  Cinchona—c. China; flavus, Cinchona:
cordifolia? cortex—c. China? luteus, Cinchonas cor-
difoliae cortex—c Chinae regius, Cinchona; cordi-
foliae cortex—c. Crassior, Laurus cassia—c. Culi-
laban,  see  Laurus  Culilawan — c.  Culilawan,
Laurus Culilawan — c. Eleutheria?, Croton casca-
rilla—c. Flavus,  Cinchona; cordifolia; cortex—c.
Lavola, see Illicium anisatum—c. Magellauicus,
see VVintera aroniatica.
  Cortex  Ovi, Cor'tical membrane.  This mem-
brane, so called by Boer and Granville, is usually
regarded as a uterine production, and designated
Decid'ua reflex'a.  They consider it to surround
the ovule,  when  it descends into the uterus, and
to  enclose the shaggy chorion.   It  is absorbed
during the first months  of utero-gestation, so  as
to expose  the next  membrane  to the contact  of
the decidua,  with which a connexion  takes place
at the part where the placenta is to be formed.
In  that part, Boer and Granville consider,  that
the Cortex  Ovi  is never altogether obliterated,
but only made thinner, and in  process of time is
converted into a mere pellicle or envelope, which
not only serves to  divide the  filiform vessels  of
the chorion  into groups  or  cotyledons,  in order
to form the placenta, but also covers  those coty'
ledons. This, Dr. Granville calls membra! na pro' -
pria.   See Decidua membrana.
  Cortex  Pallidus, Cinchonas lancifoliae cortex
—c. Patrum, Cinchona—c. Peruvianus, Cinchona
— c.  Profluvii,  Nerium  antidysentericum — c.
Ruber, Cinchonae oblongifoliae cortex—c. Striata
dentium, Enamel of the teeth—c. Tburis, Croton
cascarilla —  c.  Winteranus, see Wintera  aromati-
cum—c. Winteranus spurius, Canella alba.
  CORTICAL,  Cortica'lis;  from cortex, 'bark.'
Belonging to bark.
  Cortical  Matter of the Brain, Cortex Cere-
bri—c. Membrane, Cortex Ovi —c. Substance of
the Kidney, see Kidney — c. Substance of the
Teeth, see Tooth.
   CORTUSA AMERICANA,  Heuchera cortusa.
  CORU.  An  Indian tree, the  bark of whose
root furnishes  a milky juice, which is employed
in  diarrhoea and dysentery.  It is also  called
Corn Canar'ica.
   CORUSCATIO, Astrape.
  CORVISARTIA  HELENIUM, Inula  hele-
nium.
   CORYBANTIASM.   Corybiantias'mus,  Cory-
bantis'mus, from Kopvfias, one  of the Corybantcs.
A name formerly given to a  kind of frenzy, in
which the sick were tormented  by fantastic vi-
sions, and perpetual want of sleep. 
CORYDALIS  BULBOSA       249           COSTO-XIPHOID
  CORYDALIS BULBOSA, Fumaria bulbosa—
0.  Canadensis,  Dicuntra. Canadensis — c.  Cava,
Fumaria. bulbosa—c. Tuberosa, Fumaria bulbosa.
  COR'YLUS, (from Kopvs,  'a helmet,' from the
involucre,) Corylus avellana.
  Corylus   Avella'na,   Cm-'ylus,   Rundurh,
Avelln'mi,  Caryd'ion,  The Hazel-nut  Tree, (F.)
Gmtdrier, Noiseticr ; Ord. Amentacese ; Sec. Syst.
Moncecia Polyandria.   The  nut, — Filbert, (F.)
Areline; Hazel-nut, (F.) Noisette,—of this tree,
is much eaten in many countries.   Like all nuts,
it is by  no  means  easy of digestion.  It is the
Nux avella'nti,  Kapvov XliavriKov, of the ancients.
   Cor'ylus RoSTKA'ta, Beaked Hazel.  An in-
digenous shrub, Nat.  Ord.  Amentuceae;  Sub-or-
der, Cupulifer.e : Sex. Syst. Moncecia Polyandria;
the nut  of which is surrounded by a coriaceous
and scaly involucre, terminating  in a tube co-
 vered with short and thick bristles.  These bristles
 have been given as an anthelmintic in the same
 cases and doses as mucuna.
   CORYMBETRA, Hedera helix.
   CORYNE, Penis.
   CORlTilE, Acme,  Vertex — c.  Cordis,  see
 Mucro.
   CORY'ZA,  Grave'do, Rhinitis,   Catastag'mos,
 Ctitustulug'mos, Stillicid'ium  Na'rium, l'hlegma-
 tiii-rhag"ia,B/eiinorrhic'a nastlIis,Blennorrhirlia,
 Des'tillatiir,  Catar'rhus ad  Nitres  seu nastl lis,
 Rliinocatar'rhits, Angi'na nasa'lis: vulgarly,' rim-
 nihi/ at  the nose,' 'cold in  the head;'  (Prov.)
 Snurle,  in French,  Rhume de cerveau,  Catarrhe
 nasal,  Eiiehifrenenieut ; in old English,  Pose  or
 Mur; whence Mnrrcn and Murrain ; from Kopvs,
 or sapa, 'the head,' and $eur, ' I  boil.'  Inflamma-
 tion, attended with increased  discharge, of the
 Schneulerian membrane lining  the nose,  and the
 sinuses communicating with it.  The affection
 generally subsides without any medical treatment.
    Chronic  coryza  is  termed,  also, Oza'na,  be-
  lli if na.
    Coryza Entonica,  Ozaena—c Maligna, Ozosna
  —c. Ozaenosa, Ozaena—c Purulenta, Ozaena—c.
  Scarlatinosa, Rhinooace—c. Ulcerosa, Ozaena—c.
  Yirulenta, Ozmna.
    COSCTNISMUS, Cribration.
    COSC1NOI, see Cribration.
    COSMESIS. Cosmetics.
    COSMET'ICS,  Ars  cosmelica, Callipis'tria,
  Cosme'sis,  (F.)   Cosmitique,  from  Koapeur,   ' I
  ndorn,' 'I  embellish.'   The  art  of  improving
  the beauty.   Cirsmetic, Stilbo'ma,  is,  also, used
  for the different means  employed for that pur-
  pose ;  as the compounds, into which enter  the
  oxides  of lead,  bismuth, mercury, arsenic,  Ac
  All these, however,  injure the skin, and often
  give rise to unpleasant cutaneous affections. Fre-
  quent ablution with cold water, and bathing  are
  the best cosmetics.   Essences, soaps, and all  the
  preparations intended  for  the toilet, fall, also,
  under this head.
    COSMET1QUE, Cosmetics.
    COSMETOL'OGY, Cosmetolog'ia, from Koapetv,
  'to adorn,' and Xoyos, 'a discourse.'  A  treatise
  on the dress, and cleanliness of the body.
    COSMOS, from  Koopos, 'the world,' 'order,'  Ac.
  The order which  was supposed to preside over
  critical days.  Hippocrates and others have termed
  "■■■'Voi, 'bracelets,' employed,  not only  as orna-
  ments  (Koaptiv, 'to adorn,')  but as therapeutical
  agents.
   ^COSSA. Haunch.
    COSSUM.   A  malignant ulcer of the nose,
  often of a syphilitic charaoter.—Paracelsus.
    COSSUS,  Cassis.   A sort of white, short, thick
  worm or larve, found in trees, logs of wood, Ac,
  and used  by the  Romans as a great  article of
  gourmandise. They were, also, applied to ulcers.—
  Pliny.   The  term has, likewise,  been  given to
small vermiform  pimples  on the face — acne —
which arise from inflammation of the sebaceous
follicles.
  COSTA, Pleura, Pleurum,  PI euro'ma.  A Rib,
from custodire, 'to guard,' 'defend:' (F.)  Cote
old French, CWe.  The ribs are 24 in number;—
12 on each side.   They are irregular, long, bony
curves: slightly flattened, and situate  obliquely
at the sides of the chest.   The intervals between
them are called Inter-cos'tal  spaces, (F.) Espaces
intercostaux, and they are numbered first, second,
third, Ac, reckoning from above to below.   They
have been distinguished  into Costa vera, Pleu-
rapoph'yscs of Owen, True ribs, (F.) Vraies CCtes,
Cirtes sternales, Cotes  vertibro-sternales (Ch.), and
into Costa spu'ria, Jlendo'ea seu  Notha  Costa,
False ribs, Cotes asternales (Ch.), Fausses Cotes.
The true or sternal ribs, as they have  also been
called, are the first 7; which are  articulated  at
one extremity to the  spine, and at the other, by
means of their cartilages, hamapigdlyses of Owen,
to  the sternum.   The false  or short  ribs are the
remaining 5 : the uppermost three being united,
by means of their cartilages, to the cartilage of the
last true rib.  The others are free at their exter-
nal extremity, and, hence, have been called Float-
ing ribs, Costa fiuctuan'tes,  (F.) Cotes flottantes.
The vertebral  extremity of each rib is slightly
expanded.  It is called the head of the rib—Ca-
 pit'ulum Costa:  the space between this and the
 tubercle  is the collum or neck.   Anterior  to the
 tubercle is the angle—An'gulus seu Cn'bitus Costa.
 The angle is the  part where the bone bends  to
form the lateral part of the  thorax.
   COSTJE CA-PITULUM, see Costa—c. Fluctu-
antes, see Costa—c. Mendosae, see Costa—c. Spu-
ria; , see Costa.—c Verm, see Costa.
   COSTAL, Costa'lis, from costa, 'a rib.'  Apper-
 taining or relating to a rib—as  'costal cartilage.'
   COSTE, Costa.
   COSTIVE, Constipated.
   COSTIVENESS, Constipation.
   COSTMARY,  Tanacetum balsamita.
   COSTO, from  costa, 'a rib.'   In composition,
 relating or appertaining to a rib.
    COSTO-ABDOMINAL,  Obliquus  externus
 abdominis—e.  Basi-scapulaire,  Serratus magnus
 —c. Claviculaire, Subclavian muscle.
   COSTO-CLAVICULAR,  Costo-Clavicnla'ris.
 Belonging to the ribs and clavicle.
   Costo-Clavic'ular  Lig'ament,  Cleidocostal
 Ligament, is a fibrous, flattened  fascia, which ex-
 tends, obliquely, from the cartilage of the first  rib
 to the inferior surface of the clavicle.
    COSTO-CORACOIDIEN,  Pectoralis   minor
 —c. Seapulaire, Serratus magnus.
    COSTO-STERNAL, Costo-Sterna'lis. Relating
 to the ribs and sternum.  The articulation of the
 sternum with  the anterior extremity of the first
 seven ribs.
    COSTO-TRACHELIA'NUS.   Relating to the
 ribs and to the trachelian or transverse processes
 of the neck.  Under the name  Costo-trache'lian,
 Chaussier designates the anterior-  and posterior-
 scalcni.
    COSTO-TRANSVERSA'RIUS.   Relating  to
 the ribs, and to the transverse processes.—Bichat
 gave this name to the articulation of the  tubero-
 sities of the ribs with the transverse processes of
 the spine.
    C 0 S T 0 -V E RT E B R A L, Costo-vertebra'lis.
 Belonging to the ribs and vertebra?.—Bichat gave
 this name to the articulation of the head of  the
 ribs with the vertebrae, and to the ligaments con-
 nected with it.
    COSTO-XIPHOID,  Costo-xiphoi'deus.   The
 name of a ligament, which unites the cartilage of
 the seventh rib to the xiphoid or ensiform  carti-
 lage. 
COSTUS
2 50
COUM
  COSTUS.  From  the  Arabic.  The  ancients
seem to have given this name to several plants.
One has borne the appellation, since the time of
Dioscorides, — the Costus Arab'icus sou Irldicus
seu specio'sus seu ama'rus, dulcis, orienta'lis, Amo'-
mum liirsu'tum, Helle'nia grandiflo'ra,  Bank'sia
specio'sa,  Tsitlna, (F.) Canne  Congo, Canne de
Riviere : Family, AmomeiB ; Sex. Syst. Monan-
tlria Monogynia; the root  of which is aromatic,
and has  been considered tonic, carminative, diu-
retic, eminenagogue, Ac  The virtues of the an-
cient costus  are highly extolled.—Theophrastus,
Dioscorides, Pliny, Galen.
  Costus Amarus, Ac, Costus—c. Arabicus, Cos-
tus — c. Corticosus, Canella alba — c. Hortorum,
Tanacetum balsamita—c. Hortorum minor, Achil-
lea ageratum—c Indicus, Costus—c. des Jar-dins,
Balsamita  suaveolens — c.  Nigra,  Cynara scoly-
mus—c. Speciosus, Costus.
  COSTYLE, Cotyle.
  COTA, Anthemis cotula.
  COTARO'NIUM;  an obscure  term, used by
Paracelsus for a universal  solvent: such a thing
as does not exist.
   CO TE, Costa.
   CO TES,  COL DES, Collum costarum—e. As-
ternales, see Costa—c. Fausses, see Costa—c. Flot-
tantcs, see Costa—e.  Sternales, see Costa—c. Vcr-
tcbrosterna/es, see Costa—c. Vraies, see  Costa.
   COTIGNAC, (pron. cotinniac.)  A kind of con-
serve or preserve, prepared from quinces not en-
tirely ripe, and sugar.   It is esteemed stomachic
and astringent.
   COTOX,  Gossypium—c. Azotique, see Collo-
dion— c. Fulminant, see Collodion — c. Poudre,
see Collodion.
   COTONIA, Pyrus cydonia.
   COTTON, Gossypium.
   COTULA, Anthemis cotula — c. Foetida,  An-
themis cotula.
   Cot'ula  Multif'ida.  A South African plant,
which is used by the Hottentots in rheumatism,
scalds and cutaneous diseases.
   COTUN'NIUS, LIQUOR  OF, Liq'uor Cotun'-
nii, L. of Cotug'no, Aquula acus'tica,  Aqua audi-
to'ria, Per'ilymph, (F.) Lymphe de  Cotugno.  A
transparent, slightly viscid fluid, which fills all
the cavities of the internal ear,  and of which Co-
tugno made mention.  It is also called Aqua La-
byrinth'!.
   COTURNIX,  Tetrao coturnix.
   COT'YLE, Colyla, Cotyle'don,  Cos'tyle;  the
same as Acetab'ulurn.  A hollow cavity in a bone,
which receives the head of another bone :  parti-
 cularly 'the cotyloid eavity.'  KoruXn signified a
 drinking cup, and,  indeed, any thing hollow, as
 the hollow of the hand.—Athenaeus.
   COTYLEDON, Cotyle —c. Marina, Umbilicus
 marinus.
    Cotyle'don Orbicula'ta.  A plant of South
 Africa, Nat. Ord. Crassulaceae.   The fresh juice
 is  used in epilepsy; and Dr. Pappe  speaks  well
 of it.  The leaves form a good application to hard
 corns.  Crass'ula arbores'cens  has the  same pro-
 perties.
    Cotyle'don Umbili'cus, C. U. Ven'eris, Navel-
 wort,  Venus's Navelwort, (F.) Nombril  de Villus.
 A plant which grows  in Europe on old walls and
 rocks.  The leaves  are  emollient, and applied
 externally to piles, inflamed  parts,  Ac.  Inter-
 nally, the juice has been given  in epilepsy.   The
 flowers have been used in  calculous cases, and in
 dropsy.
    Cotyle'dons, (Korv\r)b'ii>v, 'the hollow of a cup,')
 Acetab'ula uteri na.  The  lobes which, by  their
 union, form the placenta.
    COT'YLOID, CotyloVdr.s, Cotyloi'deus, Cotylo'-
 des,  from  kotvXo,  'a  drinking cup,'  and  ethos,
'form.'   Resembling the ancient  KorvXn.  The
name of  a hemispherical cavity, situate in the os
innominatum, which receives the head of the os
femoris ;—Fossa cotylo'idea, Sinus Coxa, Acetab-
ulum Pyxis.
  Cot'yloid  Lig'ament, Ligamrn'tum Cotyh\.
deurn, (F.)  Ligament cotylo'idien.  is  a very thick,
fibro-cartilaginous ring, surrounding the cotyloid
cavity, the depth of which it increases.
  COTZ, Hagenia Abyssinica.
  COU,  Collum — c. du Pied, Instep — c. c?i-oj,
Bronchocele.
  COUCH  GRASS, Triticum repens.
  COU CUE,  Couches, (F.), from coucher,  'to lie
down.'   This  word  is used, 1.  For parturition,
accouchement or delivery (puerpe'rium, parturi".
tio;) hence,  tine couche heureuse, 'a happy deli-
very ;' unc fiausse couche, 'a premature delivery:'
and, 2. For the time during which a female re-
mains in bed on account of delivery,— Temptu
puerpe'rii, the child-bed state.  The Lochia have
been termed  Suites de couches.
  Couche also means a layer, bed or thalamus, as,
  COUCHE  CELLULE USE, Membrana granu-
losa—c.  de 3Ialpighi, Corpus mucosum.
  COUCHER, Decubitus.
  COUCHES DES NERFS ETH3I0IDAUX,
Corpora  striata — c. des Nerfs oculaires, Thalami
nervorum opticorum—c. des Nerfs optiques, Tha.
lami nervorum  opticorum—c. Optiques, Thalami
nervorum opticorum.
  COUCHING, see Cataract.
  COUCINEA COCCINEA, Cacoucia coccinea.
  GOUDE, Elbow.
  COUDE-PIED, Instep.
  COU DEE, Cubitus.
  COUDRIER,  Corylus avellana.
  COUENNE (F.), Cutis suilla.  A term given
to various  parts  of the human skin,  which are
prominent, hard, brownish, and often covered with
rough hairs, so as to form patches not very unlike
the skin of the hog.  It is a malformation, oc-
curring  during intra-uterine  existence, and re-
maining  for  life.   See, also, Naavus, and Corium
phlogisticum.
  COUENNE  INFLAMMATOIRE, Corium
phlogisticum — c. Pleuretique, Corium phlogisti-
cum.
  COUF. Tussis.
  COUGH, Tussis —c. Bronchial, C. tubal —c.
Root, Trillium latifolium.
  CouGn, Tubal, Bron'chial cough, Tussis bron'-
chica, (F.) Toux tubaire ou bronchique.  Cough
is so termed, when the succussion communicated
by it to the parietes of the chest is very energetic,
and a sensation is  experienced by the ear as if a
column  of air was traversing tubes with solid
walls, with much noise, strength, and rapidity.
   Cough, Winter, Bronchitis, (chronic.)
   COUGHING,  Tussis.
   COUL, Abscess, Swelling.
   COULER, To strain.
   COULEURS C03IPLE3IEN1'AIRES, Co-
lours, accidental.
   COULEUVRE, Coluber berus.
   COULEUVREE, Bryonia alba—c. de  Virgi-
 nie, Aristolochia serpentaria.
   COULEUVRINE, Polygonum bistorta.
   COULISSE (F.),  'A groove, a gutter.' Ana-
 tomists designate, by this name, every deep groove
 or channel in a bone, in which a tendon plays;—
 such as  the Coulisse Bicipitale or Bicipital Groove
 of  the Humerus.
   COULISSE BICIPITALE, Bicipitalgroove-
 c. Humirale, Bicipital groove.
   COULOIR, Colatorium.
   COUM, Colchicum autumnale. 
COUMAROUNA  ODORATA     25
1         COVE, CLIMATE  OF
  COUMAROUNA  ODORATA,  Dipterix  odo-
rata.
  COUNTENANCE, Vultus,  Voltus, Visage, (F.)
Figure,  Visage:  from cum, 'with,' and teneo, 'I
hold.'  The form of the face.  The system of the
features.
  COUNT ER-EXTEN'SION,  Contra-e.cten'sio,
Antit'asis, (F.) Gout re-extension, from contra-ex-
tendcre, 'to extend  in a contrary direction.'  It
consists in retaining firmly and immovably the
upper part of a limb, whilst extension is practised
on the lower,  in cases of fracture or luxation.
  COUNTER-INDICATION, Contra-indica'tio,
Anteudcix'is,  Antendix'is, Antidcix'is.  An  indi-
cation  contrary to another.   (F.) Contre-indica-
tion.  Any circumstance,  which  acts as  an ob-
stacle to the  employment  of such therapeutical
means as seem to be indicated by other circum-
stances.
  COUNTER-IRRITANT,  see  Counter-irrita-
tion— c. Granville's, (Lotion,) Granville's  Coun-
ter-irritant.
  COUNTER-IRRITATION,  Contra-irrita'tio.
An irritation, excited in a  part of the body, with
the view of relieving one existing in another part.
The remedies used for this  purpose are called
 Counter-irritants, and form a most valuable class
of remedial agents.   See Derivation.
  COUNTER-POISON, Antidote.
  COUNTERSTROKE, Contrafissura.
  COUNTING, METHOD OF, Method, numeri-
cal.
   COUP, Blow—c. de  Ecu, Wound,  gunshot.
  COUP DE MAUTRE,   Tour  de Maitre (F.).
A masterly stroke or performance.  Applied to  a
mode of introducing the sound or catheter into
the bladder, which consists in first passing it with
its  convexity  towards the abdomen of the patient,
and giving it a half turn towards the right groin,
when its  extremity has reached the root  of the
penis under  the symphysis pubis.   There is no
advantage in this mode of introduction.
   COUP DE SANG (F.), Blood-stroke. A com-
mon term, used by some physicians in France, to
 designate the loss of sensation and motion, which
results  from  hemorrhage  in  the brain, or from
 simple congestion in the  vessels of that  organ.
 See Apoplexy. Some authors have comprehended,
under tbe same  denomination, different  hemor-
rhages, which occur in  the areolar texture of the
face, lungs, skin, Ac.
   COUP DE SOLEIL (F.),  Sirlasis, Seiri'asis,
 Sirinsis  Mlgyptiaca, Ictus  solis seu  sola'ris, In-
sula'tin, Encephalitis insolatio'nis, Phrenitis ca-
lentn'ra, Stroke ofi the sun, ^Egyptian Star-stroke
or Sunstroke.   Any affection produced by the ac-
tion of  the sun on  some region of the body;—
bead, hands,  arms, Ac.  A very common  effect
of exposing the naked  head to the sun is inflam-
mation  [?] of the brain or its meninges, Helien-
ccphali'tis, which Sauvages calls Cants ab Inso-
latio'ne.  Morbus solstititllis.   It  has, also, been
culled heat apoplexy ; although the morbid pheno-
mena observable after death  are  generally not
confirmatory  of either inflammation or apoplexy.
  COUP DE VENT.   A windstroke.  The ag-
gregate of morbid phenomena ascribed to  expo-
sure to a blast of air.
  COUPE-BRIDE, Kiotome.
  COUPEROSE, Gutta rosea.
  COUI'URE, Cut, Wound (incised.)
  COURALIUM. Coral.
  CO UR ANTE, Diarrhoea.
  COURAP.   A distemper, very common  in In-
dia, in which  there  is a perpetual itching of the
surface, and eruption.  It  is of an herpetic cha-
racter, and appears chiefly on the axilla, groins,
breast, and face.
  COURBARIL, see Anime.
  COURBATURE (F.), Acer'ba lassitu'do, Vio-
lent lassitude, Fatigue.  An indisposition, charac-
terized by a sensation, as if the limbs were bruised ;
general feeling  of debility, extreme  lassitude;
and, sometimes,  slight fever.  It appears imme-
diately after severe exercise, but sometimes not
till the next day.  Rest removes it.
  COURBURE, Curvature.
  CO URGE, Cucurbita pepo.
  COUllMIorCURMI, kovPui, Kvppt.  A fer-
mented liquor, made from barley.  A kind of ale
or beer.—Dioscorides.
  COURO-MOELLI.  An  Indian tree, the  bark
of which is said to be anti-venomous.
  COURON'DI,  Conrorldo.  An evergreen tree
of India, the juice of which,  mixed with  warm
whey, is  said to  cure dysentery.—Ray.
  OOURONNE,  Crown —c.  Ciliare,  Godronni
canal—c. du Dent, Crown of a tooth—c. du Gland,
Crown of the glans — c. de Maine, Leontodon ta-
raxacum— c. de  Saint-Jean, Artemisia vulgaris—-
c. du Tripan, Crown of the trepan—c. de Venus,
Crown of Venus.
  COURONNE RA YONNANTE (F.)  A  term
given by Reil to the fan-shaped terminations of
the cruri cerebri in the brain.
  COURONNEMENT (F.), Coro'na.   A vulgar
expression, sometimes used to  designate the cir-
cular ring, which the os uteri forms around the
head of the child at a certain period of accouche-
ment—the head seeming to be surrounded, as it
were, by a crown.  The  head  is then said to be
au conronnement.
  COURS DE VENTRE, Diarrhoea.
  COURSE, Running.
  COURSES, Menses.
  COURT, Short,
  COU RTF HALEINE, Dyspnoea.
  COUSIN, Culex.
  COU SSI NET, Pad.
  COUSSO, Hagenia Abyssinica,
  COUTEAU,  Knife — c.  d Amputation, Knife,
amputation — c.  d Cataracte, Knife, cataract—c.
Courbe,  Knife,  crooked — c.  d Crochet,  Knife,
crotchet—c. Disarticulateur, Knife, double-edged
—c. Droit, Knife, amputation—c. de Feu, Cultel-
laire — c. Interosseux, Knife,  double-edged — c.
Lenticulaire,  Knife,   lenticular — c.  Lithotomc,
Knife, lithotomy — e.  en Serpette, Knife en ser-
pette—c. Symphysien, see Symphyseotomy—c. d
deux Tranchans, Knife, double-edged.
  COUTOU'BEA ALBA,  Ex'acum  spica'tum,
Plcrium spica'tum.   A plant of Guiana, which
is very bitter, and is  considered, in the country,
to be emmenagogue, anthelmintic, and antidys-
peptic                                ,
  COUTURES PAR LA  PETITE VEROLE,
see Cicatrix.
  COUTURIER, Sartorius.
  COUVERCLE, see  Crucible.
  COUVERCHEF  (F.),   Cucullus,  Fascia'tio
cuculla'tii,Scepaster'ium,Scepas'trum. A bandage,
applied to  the  head for retaining certain dress-
ings, Ac, in situ.  The French  surgeons  distin-
guish two  kinds: 1.  The Grand Couvrechef ou
Scrvette  en carre (Cucullus  major),  which  is
formed of a  napkin or large square compress;
and, 2. The Petit Couvrechef ou Mouchoir en tri-
angle (Cucullus minor), formed of a napkin or
other square  compress, folded from one angle to
the other diagonally  opposite to it.
  COUVRECHEF,  see Bandage, Galen's.
  COVE, CLIMATE OF.   On  the northern side
of Cork  Harbour, in  Ireland,  is the Island of
Cove.  The town of  Cove is on the southern ac-
clivity of a hill running from east to west.  It is,
consequently,  sheltered  from  the north  winds, 
COVOLAM
2 5 2
CRAMBION
and receives the full force of the sun.  It is one
of the mildest climates in Great Britain, and cor-
responds  in  its influence  on  disease with the
south-west of England.  It is well adapted as a |
winter retreat for the phthisical.
  COVOLAM, Crata'va 3Iarmelos. The bark of
this  tree is  tonic; the unripe  fruit is  astringent;
but,  when ripe, is delicious.
  COWBANE, Cicuta aquatica—c. Spotted, Ci-
cuta maculata.
  COWBERRY, Vaccinium vitis idaea.
  COWCUMBER, Cucumis sativus.
  CO WD EL,  Caudle.
  COWHAGE, Dolichos pruriens.
  CO WITCH, Dolichos pruriens.
  COWLADY, Coccinella septempunctata.
  COWMUMBLE, Heracleum spondylium.
  COWPARSNEP, Heracleum lanatum, H. spon-
dylium.
  COWPER'S GLANDS, Accessory glands, (F.)
Glandes  accessoires ou de Cowper, Prostates infii-
rieures ou Petites prrostates.  Called after  their
discoverer.   Two small ovoid  groups  of  mucous,
reddish  follicles, situate behind  the  bulb of the
urethra,  before the prostate, the excretory  ducts
of which open into the bulbous  portion of the
urethra.   They are  also called  Glan'dula  ante-
pros'tata, and G.  pros'tata  inferio'res.   The
terms  anterior prostate, and anteprostatic gland,
are  generally, however, given to a third glandu-
lar  body, occasionally found in front   of, and
between, Cowper's glands.
  Cowper's Glands in the Female, G/and'ula
 Cowperi, Glands ofi Ditverney or ofi  Bartholin,
Pros'tata mulie'bris seu Bartholi'ni,  Glandes de
 Cowper  ou  de 3Iiry, G. vnlvaire conglomirie ou
viilvo-vaginale,  Corps fiolliculaire vaginal, are
situate at each side of the entrance of the vagina,
beneath  the  skin covering  the posterior  or infe-
 rior part of the labia.  They are rounded, but
elongated, flat, and bean-shaped ; their long dia-
meter varying from five to ten lines;  their trans-
verse, from two and a half to four and a quarter;
and their thickness from  two and a quarter to
three lines.  Like Cowper's glands in the  male,
they are not  invariably  present.  The secretion
from them is a thick, tenacious, grayish-white
fluid, which  is emitted in  great  quantity during
 sexual intercourse;  and  is  probably the  fluid
 supposed, of old, to be the female sperm.
   COWPOX, Vaccina—c. Inoculation, Vaccina-
 tion— c. Itch, see Itch, cowpox — c. Vesicle,  see
 Vaccination.
   COWRAP, Impetigo.
   COWSLIP, Caltha palustris, Primula veris—c.
 Jerusalem, Pulmonaria.
   COWSTRTPLINGS, Primula veris.
   COWSTROPPLE, Primula veris.
   COWTHWORT, Matricaria.
   COWTREE, CEYLON,  Gymneura lactiferum.
   Cowtree, of South America, Galactodendron
 utile.
   COWWEED, Chaerophyllum sylvestre.
   COXA, Haunch.
   COXiELUVIUM, Bath, hip.
   COXAGRA, Neuralgia femoro-poplitaea.
   COXAL'GIA, Jlerocoxalgia,  Osphyalgia, Os-
 phyalge'ma.  A word of hybrid origin, from coxa,
 'hip,' and a\yos, 'pain.'  Pain in the hip. A sign
 of rheumatic or other inflammation—Coxitis, or
 of some disease about the hip-joint.  See Neu-
 ralgia femoro-poplitaea, and Coxarum morbus.
   COXARTHRITIS, Coxitis.
   COXARTHROCACE, Coxarum morbus.
   COXA'RUM MORBUS,  Coxerldicus seu Coxa'-
 rius morbus, Arthroc'ace coxa'rum,  Coxarthroc'-
 ace, Osphyarthroe'ace, Coxalgia  (of some), Hip
 Disease.  A scrofulous caries, and often sponta-
 neous luxation of the head of the os femoris, oc-
casioning permanent  shortening of  the  limb,
and not  unfrequently hectic and death — Isehio-
phthisis.
  COXEN'DIX, Haunch.   This word has been
used  synonymously with  ischium;  and anato-
mists have   also  applied  it  to the  ilia,  Osia
Coxen'dicis.
  COXITIS, Coxarthri'tis, a  hybrid term, from
Coxa, 'the hip,' and itis, denoting inflammation,
Inflammation of the hip-joint.
  COXO, in  composition.  Relating  or apper-
taining to the eoxal bone.
  COXO-FEM'ORAL, Coxo-femora'lis. Belong-
ing to the coxal bone or ileum, and to the os fe-
moris.  Ilio-femoral has the same signification.
  Coxo-Fem'oral  Articula'tion, 11 io-Femoral
A., (F.)  Articulation  de  la Hanche,  Hip-joint,
(Prov.) Hamch, Locking, Lonlc.  The head of the
femur and the articular cavity are covered by a
diarthrodial cartilage and synovial capsule; and
by a  very strong capsular or articular ligament
attached to  the  circumference of the cotyloid
cavity, and  to the  neck of the femur.  There is,
also, a round or  inter-articular  ligament, passing
from  the inferior notch of the  cotyloid cavity
to the rough depression at the top  of the caput
femoris ; and a cotyloid ligament—a sort of thick,
cartilaginous  ring, situate  on  the  edge of the
cotyloid  cavity, and converting the inferior notch
into a foramen.  These are the great means of
union in this extensive articulation.
  CRAB, As'tacus fiuvialilis, Cancer, Gam'ma-
rus,  Ganlbarus, Cam'marus,  (F.) Crabbe, Eere-
visse, Escrevice.  Class, Crustacea.  A shell-fish
much  used   as an article  of  diet.  Like  other
shell-fish, it is apt  to disagree, and excite urtica-
ria, Ac.
  CRABE,  Crabyaws.
  CRABLOUSE, Pediculus pubis.
  CRABS' EYTES,  Cancrorum chelas—c. Stones,
Cancrorum chela;.
  CRABY^AWS,  (F.)  Crabe.   A name in the
West Indies  for a  kind of ulcer on  the soles of
the feet, with edges so bard,  that they are diffi-
cult to cut.
   CR AC IT AT. Sputum.
   CRACHE3TENT, Excreation—c. de Pus, No-
mica, Phthisis pulmonalis—c. de Sang, Hemop-
tysis.
   CRACHOTEMENT (F.),  from  crueller,  'to
spit.'  The  frequent spitting of a small quantity
of saliva.
   CRACKED POT SOUND,  Bruit  de pot file.
   CRACKLING  OF  LEATHER,  see  Cruquer
merit de cuir.
   CRACOW GROATS, Semolina.
   CRADLE, Sax. crawel, At'cuius, Solen, (F.)
Arceau  ou  Archet.  A semicircle of thin  wood,
or strips of wood, used for preventing the contact
of the bed-clothes  in wounds, fractures, Ac.  An
ordinance of the Grand Duke  of Tuscany forbade
mothers and nurses  to sleep with  a  child near
them, unless it was placed under a solid  cradle
of  this  kind, in  order that  no accident  might
arise from overlaying.
   CR^E'PALE, from Kpatira\n,  Crap'ula, 'drunk-
enness, surfeit.'  A derangement of the functions
of the brain, Ac, produced by wine or any other
fermented liquor.—Galen.
   CRAGBANE, Clavicle.
   CRAIE,  Creta—c. Barotique, Baryta, carbon-
ate  of—c. 3Iagnisienne, Magnesias  carbonas—c.
 de Plomb, Plumbi subcarbonas.
   CRAISEY, Ranunculus acris.
   CRAMA, Kpapa, from Kepaor, T mix.'  A mix-
 ture  of  any kind.  Dilute wine.
   CRAMBE, Cabbage.
   CRAM'BION, from KPapf]v,  'cabbage.'   A de-
 coction  of cabbage.—Hippocrates. 
CRAMERIA
253
CRANIOLOGY
  CRAMERIA, Krameria.
  CRAMP, from (G.) krampfen, 'to contract.'
Grampus, Enta'sia systrenlma, Telanus dolorif-
ieus, Myospas'mus,  Spasmus  muscula'ris, Myal-
gia, llltcge, Rhegma, Rhegmus.  (F.)  Crampe.  A
gudden, involuntary, and highly painful contrac-
tion  of a muscle or muscles.   It  is  most fre-
quently  experienced  in the lower  extremities,
nnd is a common symptom of certain affections—
as of Colica Pietonum and Cholera 3Iorbus.  Fric-
tion and compression of the limb, by means of a
ligature  applied around  it  above  the  muscles
affected, will usually remove the spasm.
   Champ, Scriveners', Cramp, writers'.
   Champ of the Stomach, (F.)  Crampe de I'Es-
tnmuc.  A sudden, violent, and most painful affec-
tion of tbe stomach, with sense of constriction in
the epigastrium.  It seems to be the effect  of the
spasmodic contraction of the muscular coat of the
stomach, and requires the use of the most powerful
 stimulants  and antispasmodics,  of which  opium
 is the best.
   Cramp, Writers',  Graphospasm'us,  3Iogi-
 graph'ia, (F.)  Crampe des Ecrivains, Scriv'eners'
 Cramp, Stam'mering of the Fingers.  A condition
 of tho fingers,  in which they are unable to hold
 the pen, or in which one or more of the muscles of
 the fingers are irregularly and irresistibly con-
 tracted.
   CRAMPE DESECRlVATNS,Cramn,writers'.
   CRAMPE  DE  UEST03IAC, Cramp  of the
 Btomach.
   CHAN' DE BRETAGNE, Cochlearia  armo-
 racia.
   CRANBERRY, Vaccinium oxycoccos—c. Al-
 pine, Vaccinium vitis idaea—c. American, com-
 mon, see Vaccinium oxycoccos—c.  Upland,  Ar-
 butus uva ursi.
   CRANE, Cranium — c. Humain, Cranium hu-
 manuin.
  CRANE'S BILL, Geranium —c. Spotted, Ge-
ranium maculatum — c. Stinking, Geranium Ro-
bertianum.
  CRA'NIAL,  Crania'lis, Crania'nus, (F.) Ord-
inal; same etymon as  cranium.   Relating or
appertaining   to  the   cranium — as  ' cranial
nerves.'
  CRANIEN, Cranial.
  CRANIOCELE, Encephalocele.
  CRANIOH.EMATONCUS, Cephalsematoma.
  CRANIOL'OGY\ Cranios'copy,  Craniolog"ia,
Cranioman'cy, Phrenology, Cranioscop'ia, C. Gal-
lia'na, Encephaloscop'ia, Doctri'na  Gallia'na.
(F.) Craniologie,  Cranioscopie.   Words  intro-
duced, since Gall, into medical  language.   The
first two  terms are respectively  derived  from
Kpaviov, 'cranium,' Xoyoj, 'a discourse,' and oKoitetv,
'to  examine.'  They signify  a  description, or
simply an  examination, of the different  parts of
the  external surface of the cranium, in  order to
deduce from thence a knowledge of the  different
intellectual and moral dispositions.   Strictly
speaking, it is by Cranioscopy that we acquire a
knowledge of Craniology, Organology, or Cran-
ology,  as  it has been  variously  termed.  These
words  are generally, however, used in the  same
sense.  The cranium being moulded to the brain,
there are as  many prominences  on the  bone, as
there are projections at the surface of the brain.
According to Gall, each projection, which he calls
an organ, is the seat of a particular intellectual
or  moral  faculty, and  all persons  endowed with
the  same faculty, have, at the same part  of the
brain,  a prominence, which  is indicated,  exter-
nally, by  a bump or projection in the bony case.
The System of Gall  is  made to comprise 27 pro-
minences, which answer to 27 faculties.  The fol-
lowing Table exhibits these supposed organs, and
their seat:
Cerebral Organs and their Seat,  according to Gall.
1.  Tnsiinct  of generation, of reproduction ; ama-
  ticeness;  instinct  of propagation;  venereal
  instinct.
(German.)  Zeugungstrieb,  Fortpflan-
  zungstrieb,  Geschlechtstrieb.
2. Lore of progeny ; prhiloprogenitiveness.
(67.) Jungenliebe, Kinderliebe.
3. Attachment, friendship.
(G.) F r e u n d s c h a f t s i n n.
4. Instinct  of defending self and property ; love
  of strife  and combat ; combaliveness; courage.
(67.) Muth, Raufsinn, Zanksinn.

5.  Carnivorous instinct;  inclination to murder;
  destrnctiveness; cruelty.
(G.) Wurgsinn, M o r d s i n n.

6.  Cunning; finesse; address; secretiveness.
(G.) List, Schlauheit, Klugheit.

7.  Desire of property; provident instinct; cupi-
  dity; inclination to robbery; acquisitiveness.
{G.) Eigenthumssinn, Hang zu stehl-
  cn, Einsammlungssinn, Diebsinn.

S.  Pride;  haughtiness; love of  authority;  ele-
  vation.
(G.)  Stolz,   Hochmuth,  Hohensinn,
  Herrsehsueht.
9.  Vanity; ambition ; love of glory.
(G.) Eitelkcit, Ruhmsucht, Ehrgeiz.
10.  Circumspection ; foresight.
(G.)  B e h u t s a m k e i t,  Vorsicht,   Vor-
  sich t igh ei t.
11. Memory of things; memory  of facts; sense
  of things ; educability ; perfectibility ; docility.
{GA   Sachedh'chtniss,   Erziehungs-
  f it h i g k e i t, S a c h s i n n.
Seated in the cerebellum.  It is manifested at the
  surface of the cranium by two  round protube-
  rances, one  on  each side  of the nape of  the
  neck.

Indicated at the external occipital protuberance.

About the middle of the posterior margin of the
  parietal bone, anterior to the last.
Seated a little above the ears, in front of the last,
  and towards the mastoid angle of the parietal
  bone.
Greatly developed in all the carnivorous animals;
  forms a prominence at the posterior and supe-
  rior part  of the squamous surface of the tem-
  poral bone, above the mastoid process.
Above the meatus auditorius externus, upon the
  sphenoidal angle of the parietal bone.
Anterior to that of cunning, of which it seems to
  be a prolongation, and above that of mechanics,
  with which it contributes to widen the cranium,
  by the projection which they form at the side
  of the frontal bone.

Behind the top of the  head, at the extremity of
  the sagittal suture, and on the  parietal bone.

Situate at the side of tbe last,  near the posterior
  internal angle of the parietal bone.

Corresponds to the parietal protuberance.
Situate at the root of the nose, between the two
  eyebrows, and a little above them. 
CRANIOLOGY
254
CRANIUM
12.  (Sense of locality; sense of  the  relation of
  space; memory ofi 2>laces.
(67.) Ortsinn, Raumsinn.

13.  Memory of persons ; sense of persons.
(67.) Personensinn.

14.  Sense of ivords; sense of  names; verbal me-
  mory.
(67.) Wordgedachtniss,  Namensinn.

15.  Sense of spoken  language;  talent of philo-
  logy ; study of languages.
(G.j  Sprachforschungssinn,  W ort-
  sinn,  Sprachsinn.
16.  Sense of  the relations of colour; talent of
  painting.
(67.) Farbensinn.
17.  Sense of the relations of tones; musical ta-
  lent.
(G.) Tonsinn.
18.  Sense of the relations of numbers; mathema-
  tics.
(67.) Zahlensinn.
19.  Sense of mechanics; sense of construction;
  talent of architecture ;  industry.
(67.) Kunstsinn, Bausinn.
20.  Comparative sagacity.
(67.) Vergleichender Scharfsinn.

21.  3fetaphysical penetration; depth of mind.
(67.) Metaphysischer Tiefsinn.

22.  Wit.
(G.) Witz.
23.  Poetical talent.
(67.) Dichtergeist.
24. Goodness; benevolence;  mildness; compas-
  sion;  sensibility;  moral sense;  conscience;
  bonhommie.
(G.) Gutmiithigkeit, Mitleiden, mo-
  ralischer Sinn, Gewissen.
25.  Imitation ; mimicry.
(G.) XTachahmungssinn.
2fi. God and religion; theosophy.
(67.) Theosophisches  Sinn.
27. Firmness; constancy; perseverance;  obsti-
  nacy.
(67.) Stetigkeit, Festersinn.

  The first  nineteen of these, according to Gall,
are common to man and animals;  the remaining
eight, man possesses exclusively. They are, con-
sequently, the attributes of humanity.

       Organs according to  Spurzheim.
  1. Amativeness. — 2. Philoprogenitiveness.—
3. Inhabitiveness. — 4. Adhesiveness or  Attach-
ment.—5. Combativeness.—6.  Destructiveness.—
7. Constructiveness.—8. Acquisitiveness.—9. Se-
cretiveness.—10. Self-esteem. —11. Love of Ap-
probation.—12. Cautiousness.—13.  Benevolence.
—14. Veneration.—15. Firmness.—16. Conscien-
tiousness or Justice. — 17. Hope. — 18. Marvel-
lousness.—19. Wit.—20. Ideality.—21. Imitation.
—22.  Individuality.—23. Form.—24.  Size.—25.
Weight and resistance. — 26. Colour. — 27. Loca-
lity.—28. Numeration.—29. Order.—30. Eventu-
ality.—31.  Time. — 32. Melody or Tune. —33.
Language.—34. Comparison.—35. Causality.
  A fundamental  principle with  the Craniolo-
gists or Phrenologists  is,;—that the brain does not
act as a single  organ, but that it consists of a
plurality of organs : but, were we able to admit
this, the assignment of the seat of different facul-
ties could not but be considered  premature.
  CRANTOMANCY,  Craniology.
  CRANTOM'ETRY",  Craniomelria;  from Kpa-
vtov, 'the cranium,' and perpov, 'measure.'  Mea-
surement of the skull.  A form  of compasses
 Answers to the frontal sinus, and is indicated ex-
    ternally by two prominences at the inner edge
    of the eyebrows, near the root of the nose, and
    outside of  the organ of memory of things.
\ At the inner angle of the orbit.
 f Situate at the posterior part of the base of the
    two anterior lobes of the brain, on the frontal
"f   part  of the bottom of the orbit, so as to make
 [   the eye prominent.
  Also at the top of the orbit, between the preced-
    ing and that of the knowledge of colour.

  The middle part  of the eyebrows, encroaching a
    little on the forehead.

  A little above and to  one side of the last; above
    the outer third of the orbitar arch.

  On the outside of the  organ  of the sense of the
    relation of colour, and below the last.
  A round protuberance at the lateral  base of the
    frontal bone, towards the  temple, and behind
    the organs of music and numbers.
  At tbe middle and anterior part of the frontal
    bone, above that of the memory of things.
  In part confounded  with  the preceding. Indi-
    cated at the outer side of the last by a protu-
    berance, which gives to the forehead a peculiar
    hemispherical shape.
  At the lateral and outer part of the last; and giv-
(   ing greater width to the  frontal prominence.
| On the outer side  of the  last;  divided into  two
(   halves by the coronal suture.
r
|  Indicated  by an  oblong prominence above the
-{    organ of comparative sagacity; almost at the
    frontal suture.
I
j  At the outer side of the last.
J At the  top of the frontal bone and at the superior
    angles of the parietal bone.
  The top of the head; at the anterior and most
    elevated part of  the parietal bone.

  used for this purpose  is called a craniometer, (F.)
  Craniometre.
    CRANIOPATHI'A; from Kpaviov, 'the era-
  nium,' and rrados, ' disease.'  Disease  of the cra-
  nium.
    CRANIOPLASTY, Oranioplas'tice, from Kpa-
  viov, 'the skull,' and  i:\atTtror, ' I form.' An ope-
  ration  for the restoration  of the soft parts  and
  bones of the cranium.
    CRANIOSCOPY, Craniology.
    CRANTO-SPINAL, Cephalo-spinal.
    Cranio-Spinal Axis, see Encephalon.
    CRANIOSTENOSIS, see Microcephalus.
    CRANIOTABES,   from Kpaviov,  'the skull,'
  and tabes, 'wasting.'   A softening of the bones
  of the  cranium, and a consequent thinness of
  those bones, — as  the occiput, (soft  occiput,) —
  which   are much  exposed to pressure.  It  is a
  variety of rickets.—Elsasser.
    CRANIOTOMY, Craniotom'ia, (F.) Crdnioto-
  mie; from Kpaviov, 'the cranium,' and ropr\, 'in-
  cision.'  The operation of opening  the  head in
  parturition.
    Craniotomy Forceps.  An instrument, resem-
  bling the lithotomy forceps,  for laying  bold of
  and breaking down the bones of the  head in par-
  turition.
    CRANIUM,  Cr-a'nion, Cranum, Calvfria,Sc"'-
 phion,  Couehus, Calva, Olla  cap'itis,  Theca cer'-
  ebri, Brain-pan,  (Old Eng.)  Pannikell, (Prov.) 
CRAXOMAXCY
Harnpan,  the  skull; from Kpa\os, 'a helmet,' or '
from xpavov, ' head;' (F.) Crdne.  The collection ij
of bones which form the case for lodging the |i
brain and its membranes, as well as their vessels, I
and some of the nerves.  These bones are  eight
in number — the frontal, occipital, two parietal,
two temporal, the sphenoid, and ethmoid.  Besides
these, there  might be considered, as belonging to
the cranium, the cornua sphenoidalia, the bones
of the ear, and the ossa Wormiana. Dr. Prichard
has characterized the primitive forms of the skull
nccording to the width  of the Bregma,  or  space
between the parietal bones : 1. The Stenobreg-
mate, (arevos, 'narrow,') or Ethiopian variety.  2.
The Mesobregmate, (peaos, 'middle,') or Caucasian
variety;  and   3. The  Platybregmate,  (kXotvs,
• broad,') or Mongolian variety.
   Cranium  Huma'num,  Human  Cra'nium or
rlkull.   (F.) Crdne  humain.   This was anciently
much used  in  prescriptions, and was considered
 unti-epilcptie,  alexipharmic, antiloimic,  Ac.
   CRANOMAN'CY, Cranomanti'a, from  Kpavov,
 1 the head,' and pavrcta, 'divination.'  (F.) Cra-
 nomancie.  The art of divining—from the inspec-
 tion of the  head or cranium—the moral disposi-
 tions and  inclinations of individuals.
   CRAXSOX, Cocbleariaarmoracia.C. officinalis.
   CRAXSSAC, MINERAL  WATERS  OF.
 t.'ranssac is a village in  the department  of Avey-
 ron, six leagues from  Rhodez, which   possesses
 acidulous  chalybeate  springs, that have  been
 known for a long time.
   CHANTER, from  Kpatvetv, 'to finish,''render
 perfect.' The  Dens Sapien'tia has been  so called.
   CRANUM,  Cranium.
   CRAPULA, Craepale.
   CRAQUEMENT DE  CUIR  NEUF  (F.),
 Xeoscyte'chus,  ' crackling of  new leather.'  A
 sound like  the crackling of new  leather,  some-
 times  heard on  examining the  heart  with the
 stethoscope, which is   symptomatic of pericar-
 ditis.
   CRAQUEMEXTPULMOXATRE, (F.) 'Pul-
 monary crackling.'   This bruit or sound consists
 in a succession of small cracklings, heard during
 inspiration, and almost always at the top of the
 lung. It is heard at the commencement of phthisis.
   CRASIS, from Kepavvvpi, ' I mix.'  A mixture
 of the constituents of a fluid; as the  crasis of the
 Hood, humours,  Ac.   The word has also  been
 employed  in a more extensive signification, as
 synonymous with Constitution,  Temperament, Ac.
   CRASPEDON, Staphyledema.
   CRASSAMENTUM,  from  crassus,  'thick.'
 The thick part or deposit of any fluid.   It is par-
 ticularly applied to the clot of the blood.
   Crassamentum Sanguinis, see Blood.
   CRASSE, (F.)  Dirt or impurity.  A  sort of
 layer  or  enduit, which covers  the skin,  where
 cleanliness is  not  attended to;  and  which is
 sometimes  the result  of the  cutaneous exhala-
 tion ; at others, of extraneous matter adhering to
 the surface of  the body.
   CRASSE'NA.  A term by which Paracelsus
 designated  the saline, putrescent, and  corrosive
 principles, which, he thought, gave rise to ulcers
 and tumours of different kinds.
   CRASS'ULA, from  crassus,  'thick,'  owing to
 the thickness  of its leaves.  Sedum  telephium.
   Cuassula Arborescens, see Cotyledon  orbi-
 eulnta—c. Portulaeaeca, c. Tetragona.
   Cuas'sula   Tetrago'na.   A  South  African
 succulant   plant,  Ord.  Crassulaceae,  which  is
 somewhat astringent.   Boiled in milk  it is used
 in diarrhoea.   Crassula portulaca'cea is said to
 be used in similar cases.
   CRASS IS. Corpulent.
   CRAT.E'Gl'S A'RIA, from Kparos, 'strength,'
 owing to  the  hardness of the wood. Jles'pilus,
3               CREATINE
 M. A'ria, Aria  seu Sorbus, S. Aria seu Alpi'na,
 White Bean  Tree, (F.) Alisier  blanc,  Alouche,
 Alouchier.  The fruit, which is of the size  of a
 small pear, is slightly astringent, and somewhat
 agreeable to the taste.  It has been employed in
 diarrhoea.
   CRAT.EVA  MARMELOS, Covolam.
   CRATERAU'CHEN, from  Kpanpos,  'strong,'
 and av^vv,  'neck.'  One with a strong neck : as
 well  as a strong neck itself.
   CRATEV.ESIUM, Sisymbrium nasturtium.
   CRATOS, Force.
   CRAUTE, MINERAL WATERS OF. Craute
 is  a  village five leagues  from Autun, in France,
 where  are mineral springs, containing sulpho-
 hydrate of magnesia, chloride of sodium,  chlo-
 ride  of lime, sulphate of  lime, and  carbonate of
 magnesia.
    CRAY ATE  SUISSE (F.), 'Swiss cravat.'  A
 band of the longitudinal or superficial  layer of
 the  muscular  fibres  of the stomach, along the
 lesser curvature of the organ, the shape of which
 it  assists in preserving; — so  called, on account
 of a fancied resemblance to  a Swiss cravat.
    CRAW-CRAW. A species of itch, common on
 the African coast.—Boyle.
    CRAYEUX, Cretaceous.
    CRA YOX XOIR, Graphites.
    CRAZINESS,  Insanity.
    CRAZY, Insane, Pain.
    CREA, Shin.
    CREAM,  Cremor  seu  Flos  lactis,  (Prov.)
 Ream, (F.) Crime.  A thick, unctuous matter,
 of a  yellowish-white  colour,  and  sweet, agreeable
 taste, which rises to the surface of milk, if  kept
 at rest.   It is composed of butter, serum, and
 casein.
    Crime is a name given in France  to bouillies
 prepared with  farina of different kinds ;  as the
 Cream of Rice, (F.)  Crime de Riz,  C. ofi Barley,
 (F.)  C. d'Orge, Ac.  The same term,  and 'medi-
 cinal cream,' (F.) Crime  midicinale, are used by
 M. Beral for a preparation, resulting from the
 union of yolk, of ei/g and sugar with milk,  with
 | or without the  addition of medicinal agents.
    Cream, Rigor—c  Cold, Ceratum Galeni,  Un-
 guentum  Aquas  rosae — c.  of Tartar,  Potassae
 supertartras.
    CREAS. Rubeola.
    CRE'ASOTE,  Cre'osote, Creaso'tum. Kre'asotc,
 Creaso'ton, Creazo'ton;  Oxy-hydro-carbnre'tum
|i ex o'leo pyroxylico para'tum, (Ph. L.) from Kpeas,
 'flesh,'  and  ammp, 'a preserver.'  A substance
 discovered not long  ago  by Reichenbach.   It is
 obtained from tar, by distillation, and appears to
 be the active antiseptic and medicinal  agent in
 tar-water and crude  pyroligneous acid.  It is  a
 colourless  transparent  fluid, of a penetrating and
 disagreeable odour, and is freely soluble in  alco-
 hol  and  acetic acid.   Its taste  is  bitter.   S. g.
 1-037. It coagulates albumen, whence its hmmo-
 ' static power.   It is  a  most  powerful antiseptic;
|i and  has been largely administered in hemorrhages
 both internally and externally.   As an external
 application, it  has been  used in burns,  ulcers,
 especially those of a  sloughing character, chronic
 t cutaneous  affections,  and has  been applied to
l| tapeworm  when  protruded,  Ac  Internally, it
ji has  been  administered  in  phthisis, vomiting,
 ! diabetes   mellitus,  nervous  diseases,  chronic
 glanders, Ac.   Tbe dose internally is one or two
 • drops.  Externally, it is sometimes applied pure ;
 at others, diluted, and  commonly with  water,
 (f~-s to f.^vj ;) or in the form of ointment,  (U5fs
 to ^i of cerate.)
    ("REASOTE PLANT, Larrea Mexicana.
,.   CRE'ATINE,  Crc'atin,  Creatlna,  Krc'atine,
 from Kptas, ' flesh.'   A nitrogenized crystallizable
 neutral substance,  obtained by the agency of 
CREATININE
water and heat in making broths and soups.   It
does not combine either with acids or alkalies.
   By the action of strong acids, creatine is con-
verted into Creatinine or Kreatinine, a substance
which has a strong alkaline reaction,  and forms
crystallizable salts with acids.   It preexists to a
small extent in the juice of flesh ; and is found
in conjunction with  creatine in urine.
   CREATININE, see Creatine.
   CREATOPHAGUS, Carnivorous.
   CREAZOTON, Creasote.
   CREEPER,  TRUMPET, Tecoma radicans—
c. Virginia,  Ampelopsis  quinquefolia,  Tecoma
radicans.
   CREEPERS, Fidgets.
   OREMASOX, Pyrosis.
   CREMASTER, Suspendic'ulum,Eleva'tor Tes-
tic'uli, Mtts'cuius Testis seu 1'esticon'dus.   That
which suspends;  from Kpipaoi, 'I suspend.'  The
Greeks designated,  by this term,  the spermatic
cord, or all the parts by which the  testicle is,
as it were, suspended; but,  since Vesalius, it has
received its present limited meaning.  The cre-
master is a very thin, muscular fascia—sometimes
hardly  perceptible—which detaches itself from
the internal oblique  muscle; passes through the
abdominal ring, and vanishes around the tunica
vaginalis; serving to draw  up the testicle,  and
to move  it  slightly.   It  has been, also,  called
Tunica Erythroi'des and Suspenso'rium Testis.
   CREMASTERIC,  Cremaster'icus,  same ety-
mon as Crcmaster.   Appertaining or relating  to
the cremaster,—as 'cremasteric artery,'—a branch
of the epigastric
   CREME, Chrisma.
   CREME, Cream—c. Midicina7, see  Cream—c.
de Soufre, Sulphur praecipitatum—c.  de  Tartre,
Potassa; supertartras.
   CREMER.   The  common name for a disease
frequent in  Hungary, which is  produced by ex-
cess in eating and drinking.—Chomel.
   CREMNOI, plural of Kpnpvos, 'a steep bank.'
The lips of an ulcer.  The Labia puden'eli.—Hip-
pocrates, Foesius.
   CREMNUX'CUS, from Kpnpvoi, 'the labia pu-
dendi,' and  oy-Kos, 'a tumour.'  A swelling of the
labia pudendi.
   CREMOR LACTIS, Cream — c. Tartari,  Po-
tassae supertartras—c. Urinae, see Urine.
   CHEN A,  Crenatu'ra, Dentic'idus, (F.) Crine-
lure.  In the plural, the  small  teeth  or projec-
tions in  the bones  of the cranium, by means of
which an accurate junction  is formed  at the su-
tures.   Crinelure has  also been used in surgery,
for the gutter  or  groove in  certain  instruments,
which is generally intended to secure the passage
of cutting instruments ; the  groove, for example,
of a director.
   CREXATURA, Crena.
   CRENEL URE. Crena.
   CRE'OLE, (S.) Criollo;  from  (S.) criar, 'to
create or foster.'  A native of America, or of the
West Indies, born of parents who have  emigrated
from  the Old  World,  or from Africa.  Hence
there may be  white as well as black  Creoles.—
Tschudi.
   CREOPHAGUS, Carnivorous.
  CREPALIA  TEMULEXTA,  Lolium temu-
lentum.
   CREPAXELLA, Plumbago Europaea.
  CREPATIO, Crepatu'ra, from crepare, crepa-
tnm, ' to make a noise.'   The action of bursting
any  seed by ebullition.  Coque  ad  crepatu'ram,
< Boil till it bursts.'
  CREPATURA, Hernia.
  CREPIDIXES, PALPEBRARUM, see Tarsus.
  CREP'ITANT, Crep'itating, Crepitans ; same
etymon as Crepatio.   Crackling.
56            CRETACEOUS
    Rale  Cr-ipitant  Sec  d  Grosses  Bulles,  'dry
  crackling noise with formation of large bubbles,'
  is heard in  pulmonary emphysema,  when tho dis-
  tension becomes greater and  greater, and is fol-
  lowed by rupture of the  vesicles.  The air forcing
  itself a passage in the interlobular areolar tissue
  gives rise to this Rale during inspiration.
    Rale Cripitant Sec of Laennec, 11. visicnluire.
  The crepitant rattle, Crepita'tio vesicnla'ris, beard
  during respiration, in severe  pneumonia and in
  oedema of the lung;  so  termed on account of the
  analogy between the  sound and that occasioned
  by pressing a healthy lung between the fingers.
  It  resembles tbe  sound  produced by rubbing
  slowly and firmly between the finger and thumb
  a lock of hair near the ear.  The Rhonchus crepi-
  tans redux, (F.) Rale  cripitant redux, is the sound
  hcai^l in respiration coexistent with the resolution
  of pneumonia.   It indicates the return of the cells
  to the pervious condition.
    CREPITATIO,  Crepitation —c. Vesicularis,
  Crepitation.
    CREPITATION,  Crepita'tio, Crep'itus, from
  crepitare, ' to make  a noise.'   Crackling.  Cre-
  pitation or crepitus, (F.) Cliquetis, has been used,
  in Surgery, to designate the noise occasioned by
  the friction of fractured  bones, when the surgeon
  moves them in certain directions.  AVhen it can-
  not be heard at a distance, it may be detected by
  the  immediate application  of the ear, or by the
  use of the stethoscope.  Crepitus or crackling is,
  likewise, met with in cases of gangrene, when air
  is effused into the areolar membrane — provided
  the part be carefully examined with the fingers.
  The same term  is used for the cracking of the
  joints in health or  disease.
    CREPITUS,  Crepitation,  Fart—c. Lupi,  Ly-
  coperdon.
    CRESCENTIA,  Growth.
    Crescen'tia Cije'te; called after Crescendo,
  an Italian writer on agriculture; Cujete, Narrow-
  leaved Calabash  Tree.  Ord. Solaneae.   The pulp
  of the fruit of this West  India  plant is acidulous.
  It is used in diarrhoea and headach; and, in syrup,
  for diseases of the chest.
    CRESCENTLE, Waxing kernels.
    CRESERA, see Cribration.
    CRESPINUS, Oxyacantha Galeni.
    CRESS, BITTER, COMMON, Cardamine pra-
  tensis—c Garden, Lepidium sativum—c. Indian,
  Tropaeolum majus—c.Meadow, Cardamine praten-
  sis— c. Penny,  Thlaspi — c. Swines', Cochlearia
  coronopus — c. Water, Sisymbrium nasturtium—
  c. Water, marsh, Nasturtium palustre.
   CRESSES, DOCK, Lapsana —c.  Sciatica,  Le-
  pidium Iberis.
   CRESSI, Sisymbrium nasturtium.
    CRESSON ALENOIS, Lepidium sativum-
  c. Eligant, Cardamine pratensis—c.  de Fontaine,
  Sisymbrium nasturtium — c. des hides, Tropaeo-
  lum majus—c. des Jardins, Lepidium sativum —
  c. du 3Iexique, Tropaeolum  majus — c.  de Pura,
  Spilanthus  oleraceus — c. des  Pres, Cardamine
  pratensis.
   CREST, Crista—c. of the Ilium, see  Crista of
  the Ilium—c. of  the Pubis,  see Crista of the  Pu-
  bis— c. of the Tibia, see Crista of the Tibia—c. of
  the Urethra, see  Crista urethralis.
   CRETA,  Car'bonas calcis friab'ilis, Car'bonal
  calca'r-eus, Glisomar'go, 3Ielia Terra, Chalk, Car-
  bonate ofi Lime, (F.)  Craie.  Native friable car-
  bonate of lime.
   Creta Prepara'ta, Car'bonas Calcis prapa-
  ra'tns, Prepared Chalk. (Prepared by levigation.)
  Used externally, as an absorbent; internally, as
  an antacid.   Dose, gr. x to gj  or more.
   CRETA'CEOUS, Creta'ce'us,(F.) Crayeux, from
;  creta, ' chalk.'    Containing,  or relating to, or 
CRETE                 257                 CRICOID
having the characters  of, chalk; as 'cretaceous
mixture, cretaceous tubercles.'
  CRETE, Crista—c. de  Coq, Crista galli—c. de
I'Ethmoidc Crista galli—c.  Urithrale,  Gallinagi-
nis  caput.
  CRETEFACTION,  Cretcfac'tio, from  creta,
'chalk,' and facere, factum, 'to make.'  Forma-
tion of, or conversion into chalk, as the conver-
sion of tubercles into  calcareous  or  cretaceous
concretions;  Calcification.
  CRETES DE COQ, see Crista.
  CRETIN.   One affected with cretinism.  The
word is said to come from Chritien, 'Christian,'
because the  Cr6tin, being in a state of idiocy, is
incapable  of committing any sin [?]  See Cagot.
  CRIT'INISM, Cret in is' nuts, Cret'inage, Cyrto'-
tis  Oictinis'mns, Kretinis'mus, Idiotla  endem'ica,
Idiutisuliis  endem'icus,   Fatn'itas  convallinus
Beu  Aljticola'rttm, Micrenceph'alon, (F.)  Criti-
nisme.   An  epidemic affection  in  the  low, deep,
narrow situations of the Valais; in the valley of
Aost, Maurienne, a port of Switzerland, the Pyre-
nees, Tyrol, Ac  It is a state of idiocy,  com-
monly accompanied  by an enormous goitre, and
is often hereditary.   The  unfortunate cretin  is
little  better  than the animals around  him.  He
rarely  attains an advanced  ago.   Like  idiocy,
cretinism  has been divided into complete and i»i-
cornplete.
   CREUSET, Crucible.
   CREUN DE L'AISSELLE, see Axilla—c. de
VEstomac, Fossette du cirnr—e.  de la Main, Palm.
  CREUZNACH, MINERAL  WATERS OF.
The springs of Creuznach are in Germany.  They
contain  iodine,  bromine,  and  the chlorides  of
sodium and calcium.
  CREUZOT, MINERAL WATERS  OF.   C.  is
a mountain  to the north-east of Mount  Cenis.
Near it is a saline chalybeate spring.
   CUE YASSE, (F.) Rima, from crever, ' to break
or crack.'  A crack, a cleft.   The words crevasse,
gerenre, fissure, and rhagade are often used syno-
nymously for small  longitudinal cracks or chaps
of a more or  less painful character.  Sometimes,
crevasse is employed to designate the solutions of
continuity or ruptures,  which supervene in dis-
tended parts, in the urinary passages, uterus, Ac:
it is then synonymous with rupture.
  CREWDS, Rubeola.
  CREWEL, Primula  veris.
  CRl, Cry — c. de Cuir, Bruit de  Craquement,
Craqiieiuent de cuir neufi.
  CRIBLE,  Cribratus.
  CRIBRA, see Cribration.
  CRIBRATION, Cribra'tio, Coscirris'mus, from
cribrare,  cribratum, 'to sift.'  Sifting.  A phar-
maceutical operation, which consists in separat-
ing the finer parts of drugs  from the coarser.
Sieves, Drnmsieves, are  used for this purpose.
These were  formerly called  Cribra;  Cos'cinoi.
A sieve for separating the bran  from meal was
termed Cre'sera,  Aleurote'sis,  Cribrum  Pollina'-
rium.
  CRIBRATUS,  Cribro'sus,  from  cribrum,  'a
sieve.'  (F.)  Cr-ibli.   Having  holes  like a  sieve.
Lame criblie, Crib'riform plate, is the  horizontal -
lamina of the ethmoid bone—so called  because it
is perforated like a sieve.   Through the perfora-
tions, Par-am'ina cribro'sa,  the  olfactory nerves
pass.
  La'mina Cribro'sa of Albinus;  Crib'riform la-
mella— a circular  spot,  perforated with  small
holes, seen when the optic  nerve is regarded from
tbe  inside, after removing the retina and choroid.
From  these holes the  medullary matter may be
expressed.
  CRIB'RIFORM, Cribriform'is, from cribrum,
     17
 'a sieve,' and forma, 'form.'   The ethmoid bone
 was formerly so called.— Os Cribrifor'me.
  Cribriform Compress.  A square piece of
 linen pierced with  a number  of holes.   This is
 spread with  cerate and applied to a suppurating
 surface, the  holes being intended  for the escape
 of the pus.
  Cribriform Fascia, see Fascia,  cribriform—c.
 Lamella, see Cribratus—c. Plate of the Ethmoid,
 see Cribratus.
  CRIBROSUS, Cribratus.
  CRIBRUM POLLINARIUM, see  Cribration.
  CRICARYTENODES, Crico-arytenoid.
  CRICELLA'SIA, Cricela'sia, KpiKrfKaata, from
 KpiKos, 'a circle,' and eXavvur, 'I drive.'  An exer-
 cise with  the ancients, which appears to have
 been the same as the childish play of rolling the
 hoop.
  CRICK IN THE NECK, Shoot, (Prov.) Hod.
 A painful rheumatic  affection  of the  muscles of
 the  neck,  which causes the person  to  hold his
 head to one  side in a characteristic mannter.
  CRICO.   In composition, appertaining or re-
 lating to the cricoid cartilage.
  C RI C 0-A R Y T'E NOI D, Crico-arytenoideus,
 Cricaryteno'des.  Relating to the cricoid and ary-
 tenoid cartilages.
  Chico-Aryt'enoid Muscle,  Crico-aryteno'ideus
 latera'lis,  Crico-latiro-arytinoidien.  A muscle
 which proceeds from the lateral part of the supe-
 rior edge of  the cricoid cartilage to the outer and
 anterior part of  the base of the arytenoid carti-
 lage.  It  carries  the arytenoid cartilage outward
 and forward.
  Crico-Aryt'enoid,  Poste'rior ; Crico-aryte-
 no'ideus posticus,  Crico-criti-artinoidien, Dila-
 tateur postirieur du Larynx.  A small, triangular
 muscle, seated in the back part of the larynx. It
 extends from the prominent line, at tbe middle
 of the posterior surface of the cricoid cartilage, to
 the  outer and posterior part  of the  base  of the
 arytenoid cartilage.
  Crico-Arytenoideus Supe'rior, of Winslow,
 forms part of the Aryteno'ideus of modern anato-
 mists.
  CRICO- CRETI-ARYTEXO'iDIEN.  Crico-
 arytenoid,   posterior — c.  Latiro-arytino'idien,
 Crico-arytenoid.
  CRICO PHARYNGEAL,  Crico-Pharynge'us.
 Belonging to the cricoid cartilage and pharynx.
  Crico-Pharvngeus muscles of  Winslow, is a
 fleshy bundle, which forms part of the Constrictor
 Pharyngis inferior.   He calls  the other part
 Thyro -pharynge'us,  and proposes to  call  the
 whole Thyro-crico-pharynt/eus.
  CRICO-TIIYREOIDES,  Crico-Thyroidean.
  CRICO-THYROIDEAN,  Crico-thyroid, Crico-thy-
 reo'des, Crico-thyreo'ldes, Crico-thyrecndeiis.  Be-
 longing to the cricoid and thyroid cartilages.
  Crico-Thyroid  Membrane  is of a fibrous na-
 ture, and extends  from the upper edge of  the
 cricoid  cartilage  to  the  inferior  edge   of   the
 thyroid.
  Crico-Thyroid Muscle, Crico-thyro'ideus, (F.)
 Dilatateur antirieur du larynx, is a small  fleshy-
 bundle, of a triangular shape,  at the anterior ami
 inferior part  of the larynx.  It extends from  the
 outer surface of the cricoid cartilage to the late-
 ral parts of the inferior margin of the thyroid car-
 tilage ; and its use  is to approximate,  anteriorly,
 the corresponding margins of the cricoid and thy-
roid  cartilages; and thus to stretch  the ligaments
 of the glottis, which it contracts by  separating
the  thyroid cartilage from the arytenoid.
  CRTCO-THYRO-PHAR YNG1EN, Constric-
 tor pharyngis.
  CRICOID,  Oricni'deus,  Crico'i'des,  Crico'des,
Annula'ris,  Cymbala'ris,  from KpiKos, 'a ring,'
and  ctSos,  ' form.'   Having the form  of a ring. 
CRICOIDES
CROC1DIXIS
A  name  given  to  one of the cartilages  of the
larynx,  Cartila'go innomina'ta,  (F.)  Cartilage
anonyme, which is situate at its lower part, be-
tween the thyroid  and first ring  of  the  trachea.
It is much  higher  behind than before.
   CRICOIDES, Annular, Cricoid.
   CRICOS, Ring.
   CRIMNO'DES, Crimndi'des,  from  Kptpvov,
'coarse  meal,  bran,'  and  tt&os,  'resemblance.'
Resembling  meal  or  bran.  Applied  to  urine,
which  deposits a bran-like  sediment, Crimno'des
 Uri'na.
   CRIMNOX,  Farina.
   CRINA'LE, from crinis, 'hair.'  An instru-
ment formerly  used to  compress in cases of fis-
tula lacrymalis.  It has its  name from the cir-
cumstance of its having at one end a small cushion
stuffed with hair.—Scultetus.
   CRINA'TUM.   A species of fumigation, used
by Paulus of jEgina.   The roots of lilies entered
into the process;  hence its name, — from Kpivov,
 'the lilv.'
   CRINES, Hair.
   CRINIS,  Capillus.
   CRIXKLE-CRANKLE, Wrinkle.
   CRINOM'YROX, from Kpivov, 'the lily,' and
 pvpov,  'ointment.'   Unguen'tum lilielceum,  U.
 yEgyp'tiiim  album, U. Susi'num.  An ointment,
 composed  of lilies and some aromatic plants.—
 Gorraeus.
   CRINOX, Lilium candidum.
   CRINONES. see Acne punctata.
   CRTOLLO, Creole.
   CRIOMYX'OS.  In  antiquity,  one who  had
 much mucus flowing  from his  nasal fossae, like
 the rain :  from xptos, ' a ram,' and pv£a, ' mueus.'
   CRISIS,  Diac'risis, Dijudica'tio, 'decision;'
 from Kptvur,  ' I decide.'  This word has been used
 in various acceptations.  Some mean by crisis of
 a disease, when it augments or diminishes  consi-
 derably, becomes transformed  into another, or
 ceases entirely.   Some have used the  word to
 signify  only the favourable changes which  super-
 vene in disease ;  others, for the  change going on
 in the acme or violence of the  disease.  Others,
 again, have given this name only to a rapid and
 favourable change, joined to some copious eva-
 cuation or eruption ; whilst others have applied
 the term  to the symptoms  that accompany such
 change, and not  to the change  itself; — thus in-
 cluding, under the same denomination, the criti-
 cal phenomena and the crisis.
    CRISPATION,  Crispatu'r-a, from  crispare,
  crispatum, ' to wrinkle.'  A contraction or spas-
  modic  constriction, which supervenes in certain
  parts, either spontaneously or by the influence of
  some morbific cause or therapeutical agent.  The
  capillary  vessels of a wound are, by the French,
  termed crispis, when, immediately, after an ope-
  ration, the  blood does not flow  from them.  The
  skin  is said to  be crispie, when contracted, and
  the bulbs of  the hair become  more  prominent.
   Crispation  of the nerves  is a  slight convulsive
  motion of external or internal parts, much less
  than that which  occurs in convulsion.
    CRISTA, Arnbe, Ambon.  A crest.  (F.) Crite.
  A  name given to several  bony projections; also,
  to the  clitoris.
     The word  Cretes (F.),  Crista, is also used, in
  France, for fimbriated excrescences, which form
  at the  anus, and near the genital organs; and are
   commonly  owing to the syphilitic virus.   Cretes
   de Coq are syphilitic excrescences, resembling, in
   form, the crest of the cock.
     Crista  Galli;  two Latin  words, signifying
   the corrib of  a  cock, (F.) Crete de I'ethmo'ide, C.
   de Coq.  A flat, triangular process, rising above
  the.cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone,  and re-
sembling a cock's comb.  It gives attachment to
the anterior part of the falx cerebri.
  Crista or Crest  of the Il'hm, is the supe-
rior margin of  the ilium :—the Crista or Crest of
the Tib'ia, the anterior edge, the shin; and the
Crista or Crest of the  Pubis, the posterior sharp
edge on the upper surface of the bone.  Winslow
calls  the nymphae,  Crista  of the cliloris; mid
Chaussier, the verumontanum, Crista  Urethra'-
lis, Crest of the Urethra.
   Crista Interna,  Frontal Spine — c Sphenoi-
dalis,  Sphenoidal  spine — c.  Tibiae, Shin —c.
Urethralis, Gallinaginis caput.
   Crista Vestib'uli,  Eminen'tia pymmidtt'lii.
A  crest  which  divides  the vestibule of the ear
into two fossae, — one inferior and hemispherical,
called Fo'vea hemispha' rica, Sinus rotun'dus; the
other  superior and  semi-elliptical, Fo'vea  ellip'.
tica seu semi-ellip'tica  seu hemi-ellipt'ica, Sium
ovatus.  Morgagni has described  a third groove-
like fossa, Reces'sud seu Fo'vea sulci'form''is, situ-
ate at the mouth of the common orifice of the two
superior semicircular canals.
   CRISTiE CLITORIDIS, Nymphae.
    CRTSTALLTN, Crystalline.
    CRISTALLINE,  Mesembryanthemum orys-
 tallinum.
   CRISTALLOIDITIS, Phacitis.
    CRITHE, Hordeolum, Hordeum, Penis.
    CRITHIDION, Hordeolum.
    CRITHMUM MARIT'IMUM, Crithmum, Ca-
 chrys marilima, Foenic'ulum marl num, Stiinphirt,
 (F.)  Passe-pierre, Perce-pierre,  Fenouil marin,
 liacile.   Family, Umbelliferae.  Sex. Syst.  Pen-
 tandria  Digynia.  A plant, which grows on the
 sea-coasts, has a spicy, aromatic flavour, and is
 used, pickled, as a condiment.
    The Caaponga of Brazil  is  a kind of crithmum.
    CRIT'ICAL, Crilicus, (F.) Critique.  Belong-
 ing to a crisis.
    Critical Days,  Dies crit'ici  seu judicnto'rii
 seu Decreto'rii seu  Prin'cipes seu Radictt'les seu
 Contemplab'iles  seu Internun'cii, (F.) Jours cri-
 tiques, are those on which  a crisis, it is imagined,
 is most  likely to happen.  According to Hippo-
 crates and Galen, the greatest number  of fevers
 terminate favourably on the  7th day, and many
 on the  14th; — these two days being the most
 propitious.  Next to these come, in order of effi-
 ciency,  the 9th, 11th,  20th or 21st, 17th, 5th, 4th,
 3d,  18th, 27th, and  2Sth.  The sixth  day was
 called by  Galen, the  Tyrant,  rvpavvos,  because
 the crises that happened then were generally un-
 favourable.  After this, the  most unfavourable
 were the 8th, 10th,  12th, 16th, and 19th. Tbe
 18th was a sort of neutral day;  the crises which
 happened on  it being  neither favourable nor un-
 favourable.  Days were, also, divided into Inter ■
 calory, on  which the crises happened less fre-
 quently,  and were less   complete  than  on the
 critical or indicatory ;—and into vacant and noii-
  dec'retory, on which a crisis  hardly ever occurred.
  According to this division, they were enumerated
 as follows:

  Critical days.........7th,   14th,  20th, 27th, 34tb,
                        40th, 60th, Ac.
  Indicatory days......4th, 11th, 17th, 24th, Ac.
  Intercalary days.....3d, 5th, 6th, 9th, Ac
  Non-decretory days..2d, 8th, 10th, 12th, 13tb, 4c.

    Fortunate  crises were  considered to be indi-
  cated by favourable  signs appearing three dayi
  before.
    CRITICAL PERIOD,  see Menses.
    CRITIQUE, Critical.
    CROCHET, Crotchet.
    CROCIDISMUS, Carphologia.
    CROCTDIXIS,  Carphologia. 
CROCI NUM
2 59
CROUP
  CRO'CINUM, from  k/tokos,  'saffron.'   Made'
with saffron ;  coloured with saffron.
  CKOCO'DES, from spoKos, 'saffron,'  and tt&os,
'resemblance.'  Certain troches  into which saf-
fron entered as  an ingredient.—Paulus  of .lEgina.
  CROCODl'LEA,  Stercus  Lacer'ta.   The  ex-
crements  of  the  crocodile,  which  the Arabists
extolled as a  remedy for cutaneous  diseases, and
which was long used as a cosmetic.
  CROCODILIU.M, Echinops.
  CROCOMAG'MA, from  KpoKos, 'saffron,' and
 \taypa, ' a kneaded or  squeezed mass.'  A kind
 of troch, composed of saffron and spices.—Galen,
 Dioscorides, Paulus of .lEgina, Scribonius Largus.
   CROCUS,  G. sativus seu officina'lis seu Aus-
 triaens seu Orienta'lis, 3Iediclna Tristil'ia, Pa-
 nace'a vegetab'ilis, Zaffran, An'ima Pulmo'num,
 Jnvisfios, Saffron, (F.) Safiran.  Order, Iridaceae.
 The stigmata,  Crocus  (Ph.  U. S.,)  are the parts
 u-ed in  medicine.  They are brought from  the
 East. The odour is aromatic, and  the taste aro-
 matic, pungent, and bitter: — the colour  deep
 orange red.  Its virtues are yielded  to alcohol,
 wine, vinegar and water.  Its operation has been
 considered stimulant,  exhilarating and diapho-
 retic.  It is  not much  used.
    Cake Saffron is sometimes met with.   It con-
 sists of one part of saffron and nine of marigold,
 made into a cake with oil, and pressed.
    Crocus,   Colcothar — c.  Antimonii,  Oxydum
  stibii sulphuratum — c.  Austriacus,  Crocus — c.
  ilcrmanicus, Carthamus tinctorius — c. Indicus,
  Curcuma longa—c Martis adstringens, Colcothar
  —c. Martis  aperiens, Ferri  subcarbonas—c Mar-
  tis vitriolatus,  Colcothar—c Metalloruin, Oxydum
  stibii sulphuratum—c. Officinalis, Crocus—e. Ori-
  entals, Crocus—c Saracenicus,  Carthamus tinc-
  torius—c Sativus, Crocus.
    CROCYDISMUS, Carphologia.
    CKOIL, Nanus.
     CROISE (F.), Crucia'tus, Crossed.  An epithet
  given to paralysis, when it  attacks the arm of one
  side and the leg of another.
     CR01SEMEXT, Crossing.
     CR01SSAXCE, Growth.
     CROISSAXCES, Waxing kernels.
     CROISSANTS, Waxing kernels.
     CROIX  DE MALTE,  Sple'nium  Crucia'tum,
  Maltese  Cross, Cross ofi  Malta.   A compress,
  having  tbe form  of the  Maltese cross.  It is
  made of a piece of square linen,  folded in  four,
  and divided with  scissors  from each angle to a
  small distanceTrom the centre.  It is used espe-
  cially after amputation of the fingers, penis, and
  limbs.
     When the compress is cut in two of its angles
  only, it  is called the Half  Maltese Cross,—Demi-
  croix de Malte.
     CROK, Nanus.
     CROMMYON. Allium cepa.
     CROMMYOXYREU'MIA,  from Kpoupvov, 'an
  onion,'  o(u$, 'acid,' and priyvvpi,  'to break out.'
  Sour, fetid  eructations, exhaling a smell similar
  to that of onions.
     CROPALE, Nerium antidysentericum.
     CUOOPBACKED,  see Hump.
     CROOPY,  Croupy.
     CROPSIA, Chromopsia.
     CROSS,  MALTESE, Croix de Malte.
     CROSS-EYE, Strabismus.
     CROSSE DE VAORTE, Arch of the aorta.
     CROSSE MITE. Acarus Crossii.
     CROSSES PALM AIRES,  Palmar arches.
     CliOSSFOOT, see Kyllosis.
     CROSSING, (F.) Croisement, 3Iitissage.   The
  union of an animal of one race with one of an-
  other, in order to improve the breed.   In  man,
  as well as in animals, the union of near relatives
is apt to deteriorate the offspring, and hence cross-
ing is important in his case.
  CROSSWORT, Eupatorium perfoliatum, Lysi-
machia quadrifolia.
  CROTALOPHORUS, Crotalus horridus.
  CROT'ALUS  HOR'RIDUS,  Crotaloph'orus.
The Rattlesnake, Cobra di Capello, (F.) Crotale.
Class, Reptilia, Ord. Ophidia.  A venomous rep-
tile  of  North  America.   Its poison is virulent.
It is so  called from the rattle in its tail, (KporaXov,
' a rattle,' ' a small bell.')
   CROT'APHE,  Crota'phium,  from Kporai>os,
'temple.'   Cephalalgia  Pulsalilis,  Cephala'a
Pulsalilis,  Sphygmoceph'alus.  A pulsatory pain,
chiefly in tbe temples, with drumming in the ears.
   CROTAPHITE  ARTERIES,  Temporal   ar-
teries.
   CROTAPHITES, Temporal muscle.
   CROTAPHIUM, Crotaphe.
   CROTAPHUS, Temple, Temporal bone.
   CROTCHET, Hamus.  A small hook or crook.
 (F.)  Crochet.  An obstetrical instrument, whose
 name indicates its shape, and which  is used in the
 extraction of the foetus, when it becomes necessary
 to destroy it to expedite delivery.   Crotchets are
 differently formed ; some are sharp,  others blunt;
 some contained in a sheath, others naked.
   CROTON BENZOK, Benjamin.
   Croton Cascaril'la, Cortex Elenthe'ria,  Cro-
 ton Eleuthe'ria seu Elute'ria,  Clu'tia  Elnte'ria,
 Thus Judao'rum, Chacarilla cortex, Cascarilla,
 Eleute'ria,  Gascarilla.   Order,  Euphorbiaceae.
 Sex. Syst.  Moncecia  Monadelphia.   (F.) Quin-
 quina aromatique, Cascarille, Chacrille. The  bark
 of  Croton  Cascarilla  of  the  Bahamas,  Cortex
 Thuris,  Cascarilla,  (Ph.  U.  S.),  (F.)   Ecorce
 ileuthiriennc,  has a slightly aromatic odour,  and
 bitterish aromatic  taste.    The smoke  has the
 odour  of musk.  The active parts  are an essen-
 tial  oil and bitter extractive.  They are com-
 pletely  extracted by proof spirit.  It is tonic and
 stomachic. Dose, gr. xv to ^ss or more, in powder.
    Croton Eleutheria, Croton cascarilla—c. Ja-
 malgota, C. tiglium—c. Lacciferum, see Lacca —
 c. Oil,  Croton  tiglium.
    Croton Pseudo-china, Copalche bush. A South
 American  plant, which yields a bark— Cortex
 Copalche  seu  Copalchi, very like that of Casca-
 rilla.
    Croton Racemo'sum, Beenel.  A small Mala-
 bar  tree,  whose aromatic  root, boiled in oil of
 sesame, is employed, by the orientals, as a  lini-
 ment in headach and rheumatism.
    Croton Seeds, see Croton tiglium.
    Croton Tig'lium, C. Jama/go'to, Cadel-Avanacu.
 (F.) Petit Pignon  d'hide.   A Ceylonese plant,
 every part of which  is endowed with medicinal
 power.   The root is a drastic cathartic : the wood,
 Lignum Pava'na,  Pavana ivood, and the  seed,
 have like  virtues.   The seeds have  been  long
 known under  the  names, Grana 3loluc'ca, Tilii
  Grana, and  Grana  Tig'Hi  seu  Tig'lia, Croton
 seeds, Purging nuts.  From these seeds the Croton
  Oil, O'leum Tig'lii, is expressed.   It is of a pale,
 brownish-yellow colour, and  hot,  biting taste;
 and i3 a most  powerful drastic cathartic  Dose,
 from half a drop to three  drops, made into  pills
 with crumb of bread.  It is also applied exter-
 nally as a rubefacient, 3 to 5 drops being rubbed
 on the  part; or one part of the oil and  three  parts
 of olive oil may be  added together, and a little  of
 this be rubbed on.
    CROTO'NE. KpoTu>vn.   A fungus, which grows
 on trees, and is produced by an insect, from snorur,
 'a  tick.'  By extension, applied  to  a  fungous
 tumour developed on the periosteum.
    CROUP, Cynanehe trachealis — c.  Bronchial,
j Polypus bronchialis—c. Cerebral, Asthma thymi- 
CROUPE                 260                CRURAL
cum—c. Cerebral spasmodic, Carpo-pedal spasm—
c. Chronic, Polypus bronchialis — c. Faux, Asth-
ma thymicum, see Cynanehe trachealis.
  Croup, Hvster'ic.  A  spasmodic affection of
the laryngeal muscles by no means  unfrequent in
hysterical females, — the paroxysm  consisting in
a long  protracted, loud and convulsive cough,
followed at times  by crowing respiration,  and
by dyspnoea so  great as to threaten suffocation.
The treatment is that advised for hysteria.
  Croup, Pseudo, Asthma  thymicum — c. Pseu-
ilo-nerreiix, Asthma thymicum — c. Spasmodic,
see Asthma thymicum, and Cynanehe  trachealis
—c. Spurious, Asthma thymicum.
   CROUPE, see Croupion.
   CROUPIOX (F.), Uropyg'ium,  Orus,  Orrhos,
the Rump.  The region of the coccyx.  The Crup-
per, (F.) Croupe.
   CROUP-LIKE INSPIRATION OF IN-
FANTS, Asthma thymicum.
   CROUPAL, Croupy.
   CROUPOUS, Croupy.
   CROUPY, Croupous, Crnpo'sns,  (F.) Croupal.
Relating, or appertaining to, or resembling croup;
as a 'croupy cough.'  Hoarse.  (Prov.) Croopy.
   Croupy ItiFLWH A.'Tioy,Infiamma'tiocroupo'sa,
is the inflammation of a  mucous membrane, at-
tended  with a pseudo-membranous  exudation.
   CROUTE, Crusta—c. de Lait, Porrigo larvalis
—c. Laiteuse,  Porrigo larvalis.
   CROUTEUX, Crustaei.
   CROWFOOT, Geranium maculatum—c. Brist-
ly, Ranunculus  Pennsylvanicus—c. Bulbous, Ra-
nunculus bulbosus — c Bulbous-rooted, Ranun-
culus bulbosus — e. Celery-leaved, Ranunculus
sceleratus—c Crushed, Ranunculus sceleratus —
c.  Marsh, Ranunculus sceleratus—c Meadow,
Ranunculus acris—c. Small-flowered, Ranunculus
abortivus—c Tall, Ranunculus  acris—c. Water,
smaller, Ranunculus flammula.
   CROWLING, Borborygmus.
   CROWN,  Coro'na,  Steph'ane, (G.)  Krone,
(F.)  Couronne.   In  anatomy, this  name is given
to parts of a circular form, which surmount other
portions of the  same body.   Thus, the Crown of
a Tooth, Coro'na Dentis, (F.)  Couronne du Dent,
is the portion  of the tooth which projects above
the gum.
   CROWN OF  THE  HEAD, Vertex.
   Crown  of the Glans, Coro'na  seu Tor'ulna
glandis, (F.)  Couronne du  gland,  is the round,
almost  circular, ring, which circumscribes  the
base of the glans.
   Crown of the Trepan, Modiolus,  (F.) Cou-
ronne du Tripan, is a species of saw, in form of
a crown, or rather of a portion of a cylinder,
having grooves  on its external surface, and teeth
at  its lower extremity; the other being fitted to
the handle of the trepan.
   Crown of Venus, Coro'na Ven'eris,  Gutta Ro-
sa'cea Syphilitica, (F.) Couronne de Vinus.  Red,
rosy pustules, dry or moist, on the  face; but par-
ticularly on the  forehead and temples, owing to
constitutional syphilis.
  CROWS' BEAK-LIKE PROCESS, Coracoid
process.
   CRU, Crude.
   CRU'CIAL, from crux, crucis,  'a cross.'  Cru-
cia'lis,  Crucia'tus.  Having the shape  of a cross.
Appertaining to a cross.
   Crucial Bandage, T Bandage.
   Crucial Incis'ion, Incisu'ra  crucia'lis,  (F.)
Incision cruciate.  An incision made in the form
of a cross.  Often employed for exposing the cra-
nium, for the purpose of applying the trepan.
   Crucial Ligament of the Atlas, Annular
ligament of the  Atlas.
   Crucial Lig'aments,  (F.) Ligaments croises
ou  cruciformes.   Two strong  ligaments  within
the knee-joint.   The  anterior passes obliquely
from  a depression  anterior to tbe spine  of the
tibia to the posterior and inner part of the exter-
nal condyle of the femur: — the other, the pnnte.
rior, extends from the posterior part of the spine
of the tibia to the anterior and outer part of the-
internal condyle.
  CRUCIA'TI DOLO'RES, Excruciating pain<
  CRUCIATUS, Croisi.
  CRU'CIBLE,  from  crux, crucis, 'a cross;' so
called — it has been supposed — from being mnde
in the shape of a cross, or from having a mm
impressed  upon it.  [?]   Crucib'ulum, Cati'mn
fusu'rius,  Tigil'lum,  Albot,  Cemente'riiim, (F.)
Creuset.   A  vessel of earth,  silver,  platinum,
gold,  blacklead, Ac,  for  receiving substances,
which have to be exposed to  a strong beat.  It
is sometimes covered with a top or lid. (F.) Con-
vercle.
  CRU'CIFORM, from crux, crucis, 'a cross,' and
forma, 'shape;'  Cruciform'is,  Cross-shaped.  A
name given to the ligaments which close the ar-
ticulations of the phalanges; and likewise to the
crucial ligaments.
  CRUDE, Critdus, Omus,  (F.) Ou.   Raw, un-
ripe, not concocted.
  CRUDITAS MORBI, see Crudity—c. Yentri-
culi, see Crudity.
  CRU'DITY, Crn'ditas,  Onlotes, Status Criuli.
ta'tisjfromcrttelus, 'crude,''unprepared,'Ineoe'tim.
Rawness,  Crudeness.   This  has received sever.il
acceptations.  1. It expresses  the quality of cer-
tain aliments, which  have  not experienced the
action of fire. 2. The condition of matters  in the
digestive tube, which  have not undergone the di-
gestive changes—crn'ditas ventric'uli;  and, ?,. In
the language of the Humorists, it means the con-
dition of the morbific matter in a sick individual,
crn'ditas morbi, when it  has  not yet been pre-
pared or concocted by the action  of the organs—
Azym'ia humo'rum.
  The word is used in the plural, Crn'dities, syno-
nymously with crude matters. (F.) Matieres ernes.
It is applied to those, when contained in the sto-
mach and intestines.
   CRUE, Growth.
  CRUELS, Herpes Zoster, Scrofula.
  CRUENTA EXSPUITIO, Haemoptysis.
  CRUES (Matiires), see Crudity.
  CRUME'NA  VESI'C-E.  The cavity  of tho
urinary bladder.
  CRUOR.  Coagulated blood, gore.  The signi-
fication of this word is very vague.  It has been
used to designate blood in general, venous  blood,
extravasated or coagulated blood, and the colour-
ing matter.
  Cruor Sanguinis, see Blood.
  CRUORIN, Haematin.
  CRUPOSUS,  Croupy.
  CRUPPER, Croupion—c. Bone, Coccyx.
  CRUPSIA, Metamorphopsia.
  CRURA.  The plural  of cms, 'a leg.'  (F.)
Cuisse.  Applied to some parts of the body, from
their  resemblance to legs  or roots; as the  Crura
cerebri, Crura cerebelli, Ac.
  Crura  Anteriora  Medulla Oblongata, Pe-
duncles of the brain—c. Cerebelli, Peduncles of
the cerebellum—c.  Cerebelli ad Corpora Quadri-
gemina, see Peduncles of the  cerebellum — c,
Cerebelli  ad Pontem, see Peduncles of the cere-
bellum— c. Cerebri, Peduncles of the brain —c.
Clitoridis  interna, Bulbus  vestibuli—c. Medulla)
oblongata;,  Corpora restiformia,  Thalami nervo-
rum opticorum,  see Peduncles  of the cerebellum
—c. Posteriora  medullae  oblongata?, Peduncles
of the cerebellum.
  CRURJEUS, Cruralis.
  CRURAL,  Crura'lis, from  crus,  cruris, 'thfl 
CRURAL  ARCH           261                 CRYPTA
thigh, and  lower limb.'  What belongs  to  the I
thigh or lower limb.                            |
  CituuvL  Arch,  Tu'guinal  or  Fem'oral  Arch, j
(F.)  Arcade  crurale  OU  inguinale  (Ch.), POU- I
part's Lig'ament, L. of Fal/o'pius.   This  arch is
formed by the internal portion of the inferior edge
of tbe aponeurosis of the obliquus externus mus-
cle, which  is attached, at one end, to the  pubis;
at the other, to the anterior and superior spinous
process of  the  ilium.   At its posterior and inner
part, the aponeurosis, forming the arch, sends off
a falciform  reflection, which is attached along the
crest of the pubis, and is known under the name
of Gimbernat's Ligament.,  Beneath  this arch,
the vessels, nerves, and muscles make their  exit
from the pelvis to the thigh.
   Crural  Artery, Arte'ria Crura'lis, Fem'oral
Artery, (F.) Artere crurale, A. Pelvi-crurale,—
(Ch..)  is the continuation of the  external iliac.
It extends from the crural arch to the aperture
in the triceps,  or to the ham.  Chaussier  applies
the name Artere crurale to the trunk, which ex- !
 tends from the primitive or common iliac to the j
 tibial arteries—embracing, of course, the external
 iliac femoral, and popliteal.
   Crural  Canal, Crural  Ring, Fem'oral canal
 or ring.  M. Jules Cloquet has described this canal
 with minuteness, and  given it the name Anneau
 crural, Anneau fimoral.    It is nearly an inch
 long, triangular, more spacious above than below,
 and shorter and broader in the female than in the
 male.   Its  upper orifice is bounded, anteriorly,
 by the  crural  arch; posteriorly, by the crista of
 the pubis;  on the  outer  side by  the  psoas  and
 iliacus muscles, covered by the iliac aponeurosis,
 nnd, at the inner, by Gimbernat's ligament.  This
 orifice is covered by the peritoneum, and,  accord-
 ing  to M.  Cloquet, is  closed by a more  or  less
 resisting septum, which he has named  Septum
 crm-tlle. Crural septum.  In its course, the crural
 canal has its anterior parietes formed by the super-
 ficial expansion of the fascia lata : the posterior
 by the peetineus, covered by the deep-seated ex-
 pansion of the fascia; and more externally by the
 psoas  and  iliacus muscles, covered by an  expan-
 sion of the fascia iliaca.   Its inferior orifice  is
 formed by the  foramen of the fascia lata, which
 gives passage to the vena saphiena.   It is at the
 upper orifice of this canal, that Femoral or Crural
 Hernia, Hernie inguinale  of  Chaussier,  occurs :
 which would be more common, were it  not for
 the fibrous cellular septum there situate.
   Crural  Nerve  proceeds  from  the  lumbar
 plexus, and is situate  at  the outer side  of  the
 psoas  muscle  and  crural  artery.  After  it  has
 passed under  the  crural  arch, it  divides  into
 cutaneous  and muscular branches.  One  of the
 branches, which is  larger than the rest, is called
 the Supha'na nerve.   It gives off filaments to the
 integuments of the knee, to the inner part of the
 leg, nnd to the dorsal surface of the foot.   The
 remainder  of the branches of the crural are  dis-
 tributed to the anterior  and inner part  of  the
 tlilgh.  The Ac'cessory  of the Crural Nerve  is  a
 term  given to  the 4th  and 5th pairs  of  lumbar
 nerves.
   Chitral  Plexus of Chaussier is  the union of
 the anterior branches  of the last four pairs of
 lumbar nerves, and the first four sacral; forming
 the lumbar and sacral plexuses of  most  anato-
 mists.
   Crural  Ring,  Crural canal — c.  Septum, see
 Crural canal.
   Crural  Vein, Fem'oral Vein,  has the same
 arrangement as the artery.   It receives only one
 great brunch, the saphaena.
   CRURAL, Triceps  cruris.
   Crura'lis,  Crura'us.  A  part of the  Triceps
crural of the French, or of the Trifimororotulien
of Chaussier.  The cruralis is situate at the ante-
rior, outer, and inner part of the thigh.  It arises,
fleshy, from between the two trochanters, adheres
firmly to most of the fore part of the os femoris.
and is inserted, tendinous, into the upper part of
the patella, behind the rectus.  Its use is to assist
the vasti and  rectus  in the extension of the leg.
Under Muscle Triceps Crural, the French describe
the cruralis and the two vasti.  Some small mus-
cular slips, sometimes found  under the eruraus
muscle, and inserted into the capsular ligament
of the knee-joint, have been called Sub-crura'i.
  CRURIS RADIUS, Fibula.
  CRUS, Leg, Thigh—c. Fornicis, see Fornix.
  CRUST, Eschar—c. Milk, Porrigo larvalis.
  CRUSTA.  A  crust or scab.  (F.)  Croute.  An
assemblage of small flakes, formed by the drying
up  of a fluid secreted by the skin.
  The lining  membrane of the stomach and in-
testines has been called Crusta villo'sa.
  Crusta Adamantina Dentium, Enamel of the
teeth.
  Crusta Genu Equi'n^., Hippoganyolepus,
Sweat or Knee Scab, 3lock  or Encircled  Hoof
Knees, Hangers,  Dew Claws, Night  Eyes, Horse
Crust.  This morbid secretion from thy horse has
been advised  in cases of epilepsy.  It is used in
the form of powder (gr.  ij  to gr. xx),  and  of
tincture.                                     «
  Crusta Inflammatoria, Corium phlogisticum
—  c. Lactea,  Porrigo larvalis,  P. lupinosa — c.
Membranacea, Peristroma—c. Petrosa, see Tooth
—c. Phlogistica, Corium phlogisticum—c. Pleure-
tica, Corium phlogisticum—c Pruriginosa, Gutta
rosea—c. Serpiginosa, Gutta  rosea—c. Vermicu-
laris, Peristroma — c Villosa  lingua?, see  Tongue
—c Villosa ventriculi, see Stomach.
  CRUSTACE', (F.) Alibert has substituted this
word, in  his Nosology,  for  cro&teux, ' crusty.'
Having crusts or scabs; as Dartre crustacie.
  CRUS'TULA.   Diminutive  of Crusta.   A
small  shell or scab.  An ecchymosis of the con-
junctiva.
  CRUSTUMI'NATUM.  A rob, prepared  from
the Pyra Crustttmi'na or Crustuntcri'na, (so called
from Crustuminum, a town in Italy, where  they
grew,) boiled  with honey or  in  rain-water.—
Aetius.
  CRUT, Nanus.
  CRUX  CERVI.  An ancient appellation for
the bone in the heart of the stag.   It was  once
considered useful  in diseases of the heart.
  CRY,  Clamor,  Boe, (F.) Cri.  The  sound  of
the unarticulated  voice.   The native voice, which
the idiot and  deaf possess equally with the man
of genius and  hearing.   The cry of the new-born
child has been called Yagi'tus,  (F.) Vagissemerrt.
We say,  "A cry  of joy, of pleasure, ofi pain,"
Ac, according to  the  expression  which  it  may
convey to  the hearer.
  CRYING, Parturition.
  CRYING-OUT, Parturition.
  CRYTMO'DES,  from  Kpv/ios, 'cold.'  A  conti-
nued fever, Febris crymo'des, in which the inter-
nal parts feel  hot,  and the external cold;  and
which was attributed to an erysipelatous inflam-
mation of  the lungs.—Aetius, Gorraeus.
  CRYMODYN'IA, from spvpos, 'cold,' and oSvvv,
'pain.'  Chronic rheumatism, and all its  modifi-
cations.—Baumes.
  CRYMO'SIS,  from Kpvpos,  'cold.'  Diseases
caused bv  the action of cold.—Baumes.
  CRYPSOR'CHIS, from  Khv*™,  'I conceal,'
and op%is,  'a testicle.'  Cryptor'chis, Testicon'dus.
One in whom  the  testes have not descended into
the scrotum.  The state is called, Cryptorchidis'-
mus, Parorchid'ium.
  CRYPTA, from Kpvrtros, 'concealed.'  Follic'-
ulose gland, Lacu'na,  Follic'ulus,  (F.)  Cryptct 
CRYPTE
262
CUBITO-CARPIEN
Follicnle.  A crypt or follicle is a small, round-
ish, hollow body, situate in the substance of the
skin  or  mucous membranes—Crypta  muco'sa,
Follic'nlns mnco'siis—and constantly pouring the
fluid, which it secretes, on their surfaces.
  The use of the cryptal  or follicular secretion,
is to keep the parts on which it is poured supple
and moist, and to  preserve them  from the action
of irritating bodies with which  they have to come
in contact.
  The little  rounded appearances at the ends of
the small arteries, in the cortical substance of the
kidney,  are also called Crypta.
   Crypta Mucosa, see Crypta.
   Crypto   Lieberkuhnianje,   Lieberkiihn's
glands—c Sebaceie, Sebaceous glands.
   CRYPTE, Crvpta.
   CRYPTOCEPH'ALUS,  from  Kpvmos,  'con-
cealed,'  and KeipuXn, ' head.'  A  monster whose
head is  excessively  small, and does not appear
externally.—G. St. Hilaire.
   CRYPTOCOCCUS, Fermentum, Torula  cere-
visiie—c. Cerevisiae, Torula  cerevisise.
   CRYPTODID'YMUS, Foetus in ftetu.  A  mon-
 strosity, in which  one foetus is found contained
in another.
   CRYPT OG'AMOUS, Cryptogam'ic, Crypto-
yvnlicus; from Kpoxros, 'concealed,' and yapos,
 'marriage.'  An epithet  applied  by botanists  to
 plants whose organs of fructification are concealed
 or not manifest. Ag'amous plants are those whose
 sexual organs  are  not known.
   CRYrPTOPYT'IC,  Cryptopy'icus,  from  KpvnTur,
 'I conceal/ and tuov, 'pus.'  A  state of disease,
 kept up by an occult abscess.
   CRYPTOPYICUS, Orvptopyic.
   CRYPTORCHIDISM US, see Crypsorchis.
   CRYPTORCHIS, Crypsorchis.
   CRYPTS OF LIEBERKUHN, see Intestine
 —c. Synovial, Bursae mucosae.
   CRYSTAL,  MINERAL,  Potassae  nitras  fusus
 sulphatis  paucillo  mixtus.
   CRYSTAL'LI.   Vesicles filled with a watery
 fluid.   They are  also called  crystal Una.   Pro-
 bably the pemphigus of modern  writers.
    Crystalli  Lun.«, Argenti  nitras.
    CRYSTALLIN,  Crystalline.
    CRYSTAL'LINA, from  spvaraWos, 'crystal.'
 A vesicle or  phlyctaena, filled with serum, and
  appearing on  the  prepuce or in the vicinity  of the
  anus, surrounded  by a reddish extravasated aure-
  ola.  It may  be syphilitic or not.  See Crystalli.
    Crystalli.na Tunica, Arachnoid membrane.
    CRYSTALLINE, CrystalUnits.   Having the
  appearance of crystal.
    Crys'talline,  Crys'talline  humour or Lens or
  Body, Crystullinus, Lens crystal'Una seu crystal-
  loi'des, Corpus Crystallinum  seu  Disco'i'des seu
  Crystallo'i'des seu Phacoi'des, Humor crystallinus
  seu glacia'lis, Phace, Phacea,  Phaciis, Gemma Oc'-
  ■nli, (F.) Cristallin ou Crystallin, Humeur crystal-
  line,Corps cry stall in seu phaco'ide, Lentille crystal-
  line.  A lenticular, transparent  body, situate be-
  tween  the vitreous  and  aqueous humours  of the
  eye, at the union of the anterior third with the two
  posterior thirds of the organ.   It is composed of a
  soft exterior substance ; and an interior, composed
  of  an  albuminoid- substance, called Crys'talline
  or Krys'talline   by Hiinefeld,  (F.)  Crystalline,
  forming a  solid nucleus, in  which a number of
  elliptical layers  is perceptible.   It is contained
  in a capsule, called Tu'nica ara'nea seu crystal-
  Una, Cap'sula lentis, and receives, at its posterior
  surface, a small  branch of the  central artery of
  the retina, which is always  readily distinguish-
  able in the foetus, prior to  the seventh mouth of
  utero-gestation.
    The use of the  crystalline is to refract the rays
  of light, and to serve as an achromatic glass: for
which  its laminae or layers, increasing in refrac-
tive power from the circumference to the centre,
admirably  adapt it.
  CRYSTALLINO-CAPSULITIS,  see Phacitis.
  CRYSTALLION, Plantago psyllium.
  CRYSTALLITIS, Phacitis.
  CRYSTALLOID, Crystalloi'des, from KpveraX.
Xos,  'crystal,'  and  tioos, 'form,' 'resemblance.'
Resembling crystal or the crystalline.  The rap.
sule  or membrane  of  the crystalline.  Also, the
crystalline itself.
  CRYSTALLUS  MIXERALIS, Potassae nitras
fusus sulphatis paucillo mixtus.
  CRYSTALS, BLOOD, Haematoidin.
  CRYSTAUN D'HEMATINE, Haematoidin.
  CRYTIIE, Hordeolum.
  CTEDON, Fibre.
  CTEIS, Pubes.
  CTESIPIION'TIS  MALAG'MA.  A plaster
employed  and  described by Celsus.
  CUBA,  see Havana.
  CUBAL SINI, Piper cubeba.
  CUBATIO,  Decubitus.
  CUBEBA. Piper Cubeba.
   CUBIFORM IS, Cuboid.
  CUBIT, Ulna—c. Top of the, Olecranon.
   CU'BITAL,  Cubita'lis, Ulnar, Ulna'ris.  Con.
nected with or relating to- the cubitus, or to the
inner and posterior part of the forearm.
   Cubital Artery, Arte'ria cubita'lis, A. nhut'-
ris,  arises from the humeral  a little below the
bend of the elbow; proceeds  along the anterior
and inner part of the  forearm ; passes anterior to
 the  ligamentum annulare of the carpus, and goes
 to form, in the palm of the hand, the superficial
 palmar  arch.   Besides the  numerous muscular
 branches, which it gives off in its course, it sends
 posteriorly the common trunk of the interos*eniis
 arteries,  and  internally, the  two cubital ret-m--
 rents, anterior and posterior,—articular branches,
 which anastomose on the inside of the elbow with
 the divisions of the humeral  artery.
   Cubital Muscles  are two in number.  1. The
 Cubita'lis  ante'rior seu inter'nus,  Flexor ottrpi
 ulna'ris, Ulna'ris  inter'nus, Epitrochli-cubito-car-
 pien, Cubito-carpien  — (Ch.), is a long muscle,
 situate at the  anterior and inner part of the fore-
 arm.  It arises from  the inner condyle of the oa
 humeri, at the inner side of the olecranon, and
 from the  posterior edge of the ulna,  and is in-
 serted by a  tendon  into the  os pisiforme. Its
 use is to bend the band on  the forearm, by di-
 recting it slightly inwards.   2.  The Cubitalii
 poste'rior seu exter'nus, Exten'sor Carpi ulna ni,
 Ulna'ris exter'nus, Cubite'us exter'nus, Cubito-mur-
 mitaearpien — (Ch.),  is situate at the posterior
 part of the forearm.   It arises from the external
 condyle of the os  humeri, and is inserted into the
 superior extremity of the fifth bone of the meta-
 carpus.   Its use is to extend the hand, inclining
 it a little inwards.
   Cubital Nerve, Ulnar nerve, Cubito-digital—
 (Ch.), is furnished by the last two or three nerves
 of  the brachial plexus, and is distributed to the
 inner and anterior  side of tbe forearm; to the
 inner part of the palm and of the back of the
 hand, and to the  last two or three  fingers.
    Cubital Veins, deep-seated,  and the Reettr-
 rent  cubital veins, accompany the corresponding
 arteries.   The superficial cubital veins belong to
 the basilic. Chaussier calls them cuta'neous cubital-
    CUBITALE (OS), Cuneiform bone.
    CUBITALIS RIOLANI, see Anconeus.
    CUBITEUS EXTERNUS, see Cubital muscles.
    CUBITO-CARPIEN, see Cubital muscles-*-
  Cutane (nerf), Cutaneous nerve — c. Phalange*-
  tien  commun, Flexor profundus  perforans  '■
  Radi-sus-metacarpien du pouce. Abductor longufl
  pollicis—c. Radial, Pronator radii quadratus. 
CUBITO-SUPRAPALMARIS    203                CULBICIO
  CUBITO-SUPRAPALMA'RIS.  Belonging |
to the cubitus and to the supra-palmar or dorsal
surface of the hand.  Chaussier gives this name :
1. To a small artery, which  is given off by the
cubital or ulnar, a little above  the wrist.  2. To
a vein, which accompanies this artery.
  CUItTTO-SUS-METACARPIEN, see Cubital
muscles — e. Sus-metacar/titn du pouce, Abductor
longus pollicis — c. Sits-I'linlangettien tie lindcx,
Extensor proprius indicis — c.  Sus-pha/angettien
du  pouce, E. longus  pollicis — c.  Sus-phalangien
du  ponce, E.  pollicis brevis.
  CU'IS IT US, kv0itov, Cy'biton.   The  Elbow.
Also, one of the bones of the forearm.   See Ulna,
 and Forearm.
   Cubitus,  (F.)  Coudie, the ancient name of a
 measure 18 inches long.
   Cubitus Cost^e, see Costa — c.  Supinus, see
 Decubitus.
   CU'BOID,  Cnboi'des,  Cuboi'deus,  Cubo'des,
  Cuhifor'mis,  Cybo'i'des, Cyrto'i'des, Grandino''sum
 os, Tes'sara,  Tessera os, Os  va'rium,_ from Kvjios,
 'a  cube,' and ethos, 'form.'   Having the  form of
 a cube.  This name was given by Galen to one
 of  the bones of the tarsus,  and is still retained.
 It  is situate at  the anterior and outer part of the
 tarsus; and is  articulated, behind, with  the cal-
 caneum ;  before, with  the  last  two  metatarsal
 bones, and within, with the third os cuneiforine,
 and sometimes with the scaphoides.  Its inferior
 surface has an  oblique groove for the tendon
 the peroneus longus.
   CUCKOLD,  Arctium lappa.
   CUCKOO  FLOWER, Cardamine pratensis.
   CUCKOW BREAD, Oxalis acetosella.
   CUCKOW PINT, Arum maculatum.
   CUCU'BALUS BEHEN,  Behen  ojficina'rum
 seu vulga'ris, Sile'ne infia'ta seu  crassifo'lia seu
  Tlio'rei, Visca'go behen.  This plant  was  once
 considered  alexipharmic and cordial.  It is the
 Spotting Poppy.
   CUCULLARIS, Trapezius.
   CUCULA'TUM MAJUS.  A barbarous term,
 used by Ruland, for brandy and spirit of wine.
   CUCULLATA, Sanicula.
   CUCULLUS, Couvrechef,  Cucupha,  Infundi-
 bulum of the cochlea.
   CUOULUS, Coccyx, Pertussis.
   CUCUMBER, Cucumis sativus—c. Asses, Mo-
 mordica elaterium—c. Indian, Medeola Virginica
 —c. Squirting or wild, Momordica elaterium— c.
 Star, one-seeded, Sycios angulatus—c. Tree, Mag-
 nolia acuminata.
  CUCUMBR,  Cucumis sativus.
  CUCUMIS,  Penis — c.  Agrestis,  Momordica
elaterium.
  Ci'cumis Colocyn'this, Citrullus Colocynthis.
Officinal names of the Coloeynth or Bitter Apple,
 Colocyn'this,  Coloquint'ida,  Alhan'dal  (Arab.),
Bitter  Gourd, Bitter Cucumber, (F.) Coloquinte.
Ord. Cucurbitaceae.  Sex. Syst. Moncecia Mona-
delphia.  A Turkey and  Cape of  Good Hope
plant.  Tbe spongy part or medulla of the fruit,
Clocyrlthidis  seu   Cucu'meris  Colocyn'thidis
Pulpa, Colocynthis (Ph. U. S), has a bitter, nau-
seous,  and  acrimonious taste,  and is  a strong
cathartic, acting chiefly on the upper part of the
intestines.  It is scarcely ever used,  except in
combination.
  Cucumis  Mei.o.  The systematic name of the
Melon Plant,  Melo, Common  Melon, (F.) Melon.
The fruit is  an agreeable article of diet, but not
very digestible,  unless  when ripe.  The seeds
possess mucilaginous properties.
  Cucumis Sati'vus.   The systematic  name of
the  Cu'cumber plant, Cucumis, Angou'rion, Citre'-
olim, Cilcnmer  or Cur'vimer, from  its  curved
shape.  (F.)  Concombre ordinaire.  The cucum-
btr,  cowcumber, is used, when young, as a pickle, I
 when it is  called a Gherkin, (F.) Cornichon.  It
 is  not a fruit easy of digestion.  The seeds are
 mucilaginous.
   An ointment of  green  cucumbers — cucumber
 ointment—is used as a cooling salve.  It is made
 by  combining, by  means of heat,  the  juice  of
 green cucumbers with lord and veal suet.
   Cucumis Sylvestris, Momordica elaterium.
   CU'CUPHA, Cu'cullus, Pi'/eus,  Sac'cuius  ce-
 phalicus.  A sort  of coif or cap, with  a double
 bottom, between which is enclosed  a  mixture of
 aromatic powders, having cotton for an excipient.
 It was formerly used as a powerful  cephalic
   Cl'CUR'BITA, d curvitate, owing to its shape.
 A gourd.   (F.) Citr-ouille.  See Cupping-glass.
   Cucurbita Anguria, C. citrullus.
   Cucur'bita Citrul'lus, C. Angn'ria  seu pin-
 ntitifiila.  The systematic name of  the  Water-
 melon plant; Citrul'lus, Angtlria,  Tetraugilria,
 Sicilian Citrul,   Water-melon.   Ord.  Cucurbi-
 taceae;  Sex.  Syst. Moncecia Monadelphia.  (F.)
 Melon d'eau, Pasteque.  The juice of the fruit is
 very  abundant, whence its  name.  The  Water-
 melon is extremely refreshing and agreeable, when
 made cool, and is eaten like the common  melon.
 It is very much used in the United  States.
   Cucurbita Leucantha, C. lagenaria.
   Cucur'bita Pepo, Pepo. The systematic name
 of the Common Pompion or Pumpkin,  Cucur'bita.
 The seeds of this plant, as well as  those  of Cu-
 cur'bita lagena'ria. Bottle-gourd, contain a large
 proportion  of oil, capable of forming emulsions.
 They have been recommended in  cases of tape-
 worm, in the dose of i'3ss.  The fixed oil of the
 seeds has been given,  with  success, in the same
 cases, in the  dose of half a fluid ounce.
   Both  the fruit of Cucur'bita Lagena'ria,  G.
 leucaii'tlia,  Pepo lagena'rius, (F.) Calebasses, and
 that cf Cucur'bita Pepo, Pepo vulga'ris, (F.)
 Potiron, Coitrge, are eaten.
   Cucurbita Pinxatifida, C. citrullus.
   CUCURBIT AT N, Cucurbitinus.
   CUCURBITATIO, Cupping.
   CUCURBTTE, see Alembic.
   C U C U R B ITI' N U S, (F.) Cucurbitin.  This
 name was  formerly given to the Tania solium,
 because composed of rings which  resemble the
 seeds of the gourd,—cucurbita.  The  ancients
 believed, that the rings,  which are  sometimes
 discharged, were so many separate worms.  See
 Taenia.
   CUCURBITULA. Cupping-glass.
   Cucurbltulje CruentvE, Cupping with the sca-
 rificator—c. cum Ferro, Cupping with the scari-
 ficator—c. Siccae, Cupping, dry.
   CUDWEED, Antennaria plantaginifolia, Gna-
 phalium margaritaceum.
   CUILLEREE,  Cochleare
   CUIR, Corium—c. Chevelu, Scalp.
   CUISSART.  A wooden leg.  See Cornu am-
 monis.
   CUISSE, Thigh,  Crus —c. Postirieure du cer-
 velet, Corpus restiforme.
   CU1SSOX (F.).   A smarting, burning pain.
   CUIVRE,  Cuprum — c. Ammoniacal, Cuprum
 ammoniatum — c. et Ammoniaque, sulfate de, Cu-
 prum ammoniatum—c. Limailles de, see  Cuprum
 —c. Sous-acitate de, Cupri subacetas—c. Sulfate
 de, Cupri sulphas.
   CUTVREUN (F.),  Copper-coloured. A tint of
 complexion, (F.) Teint  cuivreux, such as  is ob-
 served in cancerous affections.   Syphilitic ulcers
 of the throat,  Ac, are often copper-coloured.
  CUJETE, Crescentia cujete.
  CULBICIO.  A  Latin word,  employed by
old writers as  synonymous  with ardor urinae aud
gonorrhoea. 
CULBUTE
2 64
CUP
  CULBUTE (F.).  'A tumble head-over-beels.' I
A movement which the foetus has been supposed
to execute at the end of the 7th month of utero-
gcstation; and by means of which, it was pre-
sumed, the bead presented towards the orifice of
the uterus ;  a change of situation  which is  im-
practicable in ordinary circumstances.
  CULCITA SALINA, Halotyle.
  CULEON, Anus.
  CU'LEUS.   A measure containing 20 barrels,
or 40 urns,  equal to ISO gallons. — Pliny,  Gor-
r.eus.
  CULEX,  (F.) Cousin.  A genus of insects, un-
happily too  well known in almost  every part of
tbe world, on  account of  their bites, which give
rise  to  painful, local inflammation. The gnats
and musqnitoes belong to this genus.
  CULI FLOS. Cardamine pratensis.
  CULILAWAN, see Laurus culilawan.
  CU'LINARY ART, from  culina, ' a kitchen.'
Cookery, Res  culina'ria seu coqita'ria, Ars culi-
talria seu coquina'ria, Magc'lrice.  The art of
preparing meats for the table.   In judging of the
dietetic properties  of various kinds of aliment,
tbe culinary process  to which  they have  been
subjected will always have  to be considered.
Many  of the writers on  the culinary  art  have
been physicians.
  CULLITLAWAN, see Laurus culilawan.
  CULMINATIO,  Acme.
  CULTELLAIRE  (F.), from  cultellus, a 'little
knife'  Le  cauiere ciiltellaire, known also under
the name Contain de feu, Fire-knife, is used  for
what tbe French term the Cantere  transcurrente.
(See Cauterization.)   It is  shaped  like a small
hatchet.
  CULTELLUS, Culter, Knife—c Anceps, Knife,
double-edged—c. Uncus, Knife, crotchet.
  CULTER, Cultellus, from colo, cultum, 'I cul-
tivate.'  A  coulter,  a knife, scalpel, macha'ra,
inacha'rion, macha'ris.  Also, the third  lobe of
the liver, so called from some fancied resemblance.
—Theophilus Protospatarius.
  Culter  Citrvus, Knife, crooked—c. Falcatus,
Knife, crooked—c Lenticularis, Knife, lenticular
— c. Rectus,  Knife,  amputation — c. Tonsorius,
Razor.
  CULTRIV'OROUS, Cultriv'orus, from culter,
'a knife,'and  vorare, 'to devour.'  Individuals,
who have seemed to swallow knives with impu-
nity, have been so called;—Knife-eaters.
   CULUS,  Anus.
   CULVER'S PHYSIC, Leptandra Virginica.
   CULVER'S ROOT, Leptandra purpurea.
   CUMAMUS, Piper cubeba.
   CUMIX.  Cuminum cyminum — c. Faux, Ni-
gella—c. des Pres,  Carum.
   CUMI'NUM  CYMI'NUM.   The systematic
name  of the Cummin or Cumin plant, Cuminum
miniltnm seu  Roma'num, Cyminum,  Cuminum,
 Camiiba'dium.   Ord. Umbelliferae. Sex.  Syst.
Pentandria  Digynia.  (F.)  Cumin, Anis aigre.
The seeds of cummin, which is a native of Egypt,
have a warm, bitterish, disagreeable taste.  Water
extracts their odour, and spirit  takes  up both
odour and taste.  They are not used, except in  a
plaster, which bears their name.  When drunk in
wine, the ancients believed they produced pale-
ness ;  hence, Horace called cummin  exsangue ;
and Juvenal, pollens.—Dioscorides, Pliny.
   Cuminum Minutum, C. cyminum — c Nigrum,
Nigella — c. Pratense, Carum — c. Romanum, C.
cyminum.
   CUMMTN, Cuminum cyminum.
   CU'MULUS, 'a heap or pile.' A rounded pro-
minence, in the centre of the proligerous  disk, in
which there is a small opake cavity that contains
the ovum.  See Tache embryonnaire.
   Cumulus, Germinal,  Tache embryonnaire—c.
Germinativus, Tache embryonnaire^—c.  Prolige-
rus, Tache embryonnaire.
  CUNEA'LIS SUTURA.from cuneus, 'awedge.'
The suture formed between the great and  little
alae of the sphenoid bone  and the os  frontis.—
Blasius.
  CUNEEN (F.), Cunea'nus.  Relating to the
cuneiform bones.
  Articulations Cuniennes; — the joints  between
the cuneiform bones, as well as  between them
and other parts.
  Ligaments  Cuniennes; — the ligaments which
hold the cuneiform bones together.
  CU'NEIFORM, Cuneifior'rnis,  SphcnoVdet,
from  cuneus,  ' a  wedge,'  and forma,  ' shape.'
 Wedge-shaped.   This  name  has  been  given  to
several bones.  1. To  the sphenoid.   2.  To a
bone of the carpus, situate between the os lunare
and os orbiculare.  It is, also, called Os Pyrami-
da'le,  Os Triq'uetrum, and Os Cubita'le. 3. To
the basilary  process of the occipital bone:  and,
4. To three of the bones of the tarsus, which aro
distinguished, according to situation,  reckoning
from within outwards, into  first, second, and third,
— or internal, middle, and  external: and accord-
ing to size,  reckoning  in  the same order,  into
great,  small,  and  middle-sized.   The  posterior
surface of these bones  is united  to  the  anterior
face of the scaphoides; the anterior surface  with
the corresponding metatarsal  bones; and, in ad-
dition, the external surface of the  third1 is articu-
lated, behind, with the cuboides.  They are also
called  Chalet/idea ossa seu  ossic'ula.
  Cuneiform Cartilages  of the Larynx,  Cot-
tilnges of  Wrisberg, are two small cylinders of
fibro-cartilage, about seven lines  in iength, and
enlarged  at  each extremity.   By the base,  the
cartilage is attached to the middle of the exter-
nal surface of the arytenoid; and its  upper ex-
tremity forms a prominence on the border of the
aryteno-epiglottidean fold  of membrane.  They
are sometimes wanting.
  CUNEO.  In composition,  appertaining, or re-
lating, to the cuneiform bones.
  Cu'neo-Cu'boid, Cuneo-cuboideus.   Belonging
to the cuneiform bones and cuboides.
  Cuneo-Cuboid Articula'tion is formed by the
third  cuneiform  bone  and cuboides.  It is fur-
nished with  a synovial capsule, and two cuneo-
cuboid ligaments:—a dorsal and a plantar.
  CU'NEO-SCA'PHOID,  Cuneo-scaphoi'des. Be-
longing to the cuneiform bones and scaphoid.
  Cuneo-Scaphoid Articula'tion is formed by
the posterior surfaces of the  three ossa cuneifor-
mia, and the anterior surface  of the scaphoid.  It
is furnished   with a synovial  capsule and  liga-
ments, some  of which are  dorsal, others plantar.
  CUNILA,  Satureia  capitata—c Bubula, Ori-
ganum.
  Cuni'la Maria'na,  Satureia origanoi'des, Ca-
lamin'tha erec'ta Virginia'na, Ditlany, American
or  Mountain  Dittany,  Mint-leaned or  Maryland
 Cttnila, Stonemint, Wild Basil, Sweet Horsemint,
 (F.)  Cnnile   d'Amirique.   A small indigenous
herb,  Order, Labiutao,  growing  on  dry, shady
hills, from New  England  to Georgia, and flower-
ing in June and  July.   Its medical properties
are dependent upon essential oils, like tbe mints.
   Cunila, Maryland, Cunila mariana—c Mint-
leaved, C. mariana—c. Muscula, Inula dysente-
rica— c. Pfllegioides, Hedeoma pulegioides — C
 Sativa, Satureia hortensis.
   CUNILAGO, Inula dysenterica.
   CUN1LE D'A3IEIUQUE, Cunila mariana.
   CUNNUS, Vulva.
   CUP, (Sax.)copp, Scutel'la, Catillus, Patel'la,
 Exeip'ula, (F.) Palette, Poilette, PoVette, Vase il
saigner.  A  small vessel  of  a determinate size, 
CUPAMENI
265
CURA
for  receiving the blood  during venesection.  It
generally contains about four ounces.  A bleed-
ing of two  cups is, consequently, one of eight
ounces.
  CUPAMENI, Acalypha Indiea.
  CUl'IDITAS,  Voluntas —c.  Desedendi,  Vo-
luntas desedendi.
  CUP1DO, Appetite.   Also,  Cupid,  the god of
love,  in ancient mythology :—Dens copulutio'nis.
  CUPOLA, see Infundibulum of the cochlea.
  CUPPED, see Corium phlogisticum.
  CUPPING, Gatacasm'us, from (F.) couper, 'to
 cut;'  or to draw blood in vessels resembling cups;
 Applica'tio  cucurbita'rum seu   cucurbittihlrum,
 Cucurbita'tio.  A species  of  blood-letting,  per-
 formed by a scarificator, and  glass, called a cup-
 ping-glass,  Cuciirbit'ula, Cucurb'ita, Sic'tta,  (Old
 Engl.) Blecding-boist, (F.) Ventouse.  Tbe  lan-
 cets  are placed in  such a manner in the scari-
 ficator, that, when it is applied  upon the affected
 part, tbe whole are, by means of a spring, pushed
 suddenly into  it.  After  scarification, the  cup-
 ping-glass,  which has  been previously exhausted
 l.y heat, or by an exhausting syringe, is applied.
 The  pressure of the air within the glass being
 thus diminished, the necessary quantity of blood
 may be drawn.  See Bdellometer.   Dry cupping,
 Cucurbit'nla  sicca, is  the   application   of the
 glasses, without previous scarification ; (F.) Ven-
 touscs seches.   It is  used to  prevent the activity
 of absorption from any wounded part; occasion-
 ally, to excite suppuration in indolent abscesses;
 nnd  to remove the pus when an  abscess is opened.
 Cupping, without any  epithet, means the abstrac-
 tion  of blood by means  of  the scarificator and
 cups: — (F.)  Yentouses scarifiies, (L.) Cucurbi-
 ttda  crttenta, C. cum Ferro, wet cupping.   The
 verb ' to cup.' signifies to  draw blood by cupping.
    CUP-PLANT, Silphium perfoliatum.
    (TPRESSUS, Kvtiaptaaos,  C.  sempervirens—c
 Arbor vita>, Thuya  occidentalis — c.  Disticha,
 Taxodium distichum.
    Cupuess'uS  SEMPERVl'RENS, C.  pyramida'lis.
 The systematic name  of the Cupres'sus, Cyparis'-
 eits,  Cypress, (F.)  Cyjrrcs.  X'at. Ord. Coniferae.
  The  berries, leaves, and  wood, have been  con-
 sidered astringent  and  useful in  intermittents.
  The whole plant abounds with  a bitter, aromatic,
  and terebinthinate fluid.
    Cupressus Thyoi'des, White cedar, indigenous.
  An infusion of the  tops is said to be stomachic,
  nnd, when taken warm, diaphoretic.
    CUPRI  AMMONIO-SULPHAS,  Cuprum am-
  moniatum—c. et Ammoniae sulphas, Cuprum am-
  moniatum—c Diacetas, C. subacetas.
    CtJl'RI  LlMATU'RA,  Filings  of   Copper,  (F.)
  Limailles de  Cuivre,  have been used in hydro-
  phobia.  It has been remarked under Cuprum,
  that they are inert.
    Cupri Rubigo, Cupri subacetas.
    Cupui Subace'tas, C. Diace'tas  seu Rnblgo,
  sEru'go, Ver'digris, Hispan'icum vir'ide,  Prasi'-
  nnrn viride,  Crystals of Venus, Vir'ide  jE'ris.
  xErtt'ca, Calcithos, Subac"etate of Copper, (F.)
  Sais-acitate de Cuivre,  Vert-de-gris, Crystaux de
  Vinns,  Verdet.  Impure subacetate of  copper.
  This, as  usually met  with, is in masses, difficult
 to break : not deliquescent;  foliaceous ; of a fine
 bluish-green colour, and  salt taste.   It is tonic,
  emetic, eseharotic, and detergent;  but scarcely
 ever employed internally.   Chiefly  used  in de-
 tergent  ointments.  Dose,  as  a   tonic,  under
 i  gr.:  emetic, from  gr.  j to  gr. ij.  Powdered
 verdigris appears to be the  active  ingredient  in
 Smellorne's Eye-salve, which  may be imitated by
 rubbing half a drachm of finely-powdered verdi-
 gris  with a little oil. and  then  mixing it with an
 ounce of yellolw basilicon.
    An ointment composed of one drachm of finely-
powdered verdigris, with an ounce of lard or sper-
maceti ointment, is used in psoriasis, tetter, Ac.
  Cupri Sulphas, Vitriol am  Cupri seu  Ven'eris
seu Cyp'rium  seu Cyp'rinitm  seu Caru'leiim  seu
Roma'num,  Cuprum  Vitriola'tum,  Lapis  Caru'-
leus, Sulphate of Copper, Blue Stone, Blue Vitriol,
Roman  Vitriol,  Jlortooth, (F.) Sulfate de Cuivre,
is in rhomboidal, rich,  blue, semi-transparent,
efflorescing  crystals.  The taste is  harsh, styptic,
and corrosive.   It is soluble in four parts  of water
at 60°, and is tonic, emetic,  astringent, and es-
charotic.  As a tonic,  it has been used in epi-
lepsy, intermittents,  Ac.  Dose, as  a tonic, gr.
$ to  gr. ij,  in pill; as  an emetic,  gr. ij  to x, in
water.  A very weak solution is sometimes used
in  ophthalmia  and in gleet; and it forms  the
basis of Bates's Aqua camphora'ta, which  has
been recommended, diluted with sixteen  parts of
water, in the  purulent ophthalmia  of children.
   Cupri  Sulphas Ammoniacalis, Cuprum am-
moniatum—c. Yitriolum, Cupri sulphas.
   CUPRUM, Chalcos,  H-Js,  Venus of the Alchy-
 mists:  Copper,  Cyp'rium, Vir'ide monta'num, (F.)
 Cuivre.   Its  odour is peculiar and sensible when
 rubbed; taste disagreeable and metallic; colour
 red yellow.   S. g. 7.87;  ductile: very malleable;
 less hard than  iron ; easily oxidized.  In its  me-
 tallic state, it  exerts  no action on the system.
 When  swallowed,  it  undergoes  no deleterious
 change.  Copper cannot be dissolved whilst tin is
 in the mixture, and  hence the utility of tinning
 copper vessels.  Copper culinary vessels are harm-
 less under  ordinary cleanliness, provided the sub-
 stances be  not  suffered  to  remain in  them  till
 eold.   The salts of copper are very deleterious.
    Cuprum  Aluminatum, Lapis divinus.
    Cuprum Ammonia'tum,  C. Ammirniaca'le sen
 Ammoni'acum seu ammonlaco-sulphu'ricurn, Am-
 monia'ted Copper, Ammoniacal Sulphate of Cop-
 per,  Ammoniure'tum  Cupri,  Sal auti-epilep'ticus
 of Weissman,  Sulfas Cujiri amrnoniaca'Us  seu
 ammoni'aca cttpra'tus seu Sulfas Cupri el Ammo'-
 nia, Subsul'fas ammo'nio-cu'pricus  Deuto-Sulfias
  Cupri et  Ammo'nia,   Cupri   Ammo' nio-su /fas,
 Ammo'nia Cupro-sulphas, Ammo'nio-su/phate  of
  Copper, (F.) Sulfate de cuivre et  d'ammoniaque,
  Cuivre ammoniacal.   (Cupri Sulph.  ^ss ; Ammon.
  Curb, gyj-   Rub in a glass mortar till efferves-
  cence ceases.  Wrap tbe ammoniated copper  in
 bibulous paper, and  dry with  a  gentle  heat.
  Keep in a  well-stopped glass bottle.— Ph. U. S.)
  A crystalline powder of a rich violet colour, and
  hot, styptic taste.  By exposure to air, it becomes
  partly converted into carbonate of copper.   It is
  tonic and  astringent,  and has  been chiefly  em-
  ployed in epilepsy and other obstinate spasmodic
  diseases.   Dose, gr. i gradually increased to gr.
  iv, in pill.
    Cuprum Vitriolatum, Cupri sulphas.
    CU'PULAR, Cupula'ris, (F.) Cnpulaire; from
 cupula, 'a small cup.' Of or belonging to a cupula.
    CuPULAR Cau'tery, (F.)  Cauth-e cnpulaire, is
 an iron in  the  shape of a cupula, formerly used to
 cauterize the skin of the cranium in certain dis-
  eases, as epilepsy, chronic headach, Ac.
    CURA,  Cura'tio, Merim'na, Merim'ne.   At-
 tention to, or  treatment or cure of, a disease.
  Keucben defines  Cura, ' medicine,' and Curator,
  'the physician.'  Curatio, also, sometimes means
 purification; as, Adeps suillus curatus. — Scribo-
 nius Largus.
    Cura  Avena'cea.  A decoction of  oats  and
 succory  roots,  in which a little nitre and sugar
 are dissolved.   V^cd as a refrigerant.
    Cura Derivativa, Derivation—c. Fumigatoria,
 Thymiatechny.
    Cura  Magna.  'Great  cure.'   A term  em-
 ployed, at  times, for a method  of treatment  pre-
 ferable to all   others.  Thus  ptyalisni  has,  by 
CURABLE               266          CUSPARIA  BARK
many, been considered the  "cura  magna" for
syphilis.
  Cura  Medeana, Transfusion — c. Palliativa,
see Palliative — c. Radicalis, see Palliative — c.
Revulsoria, see Derivation.
  CU'RABLE,  Sanab'ilis,  Aces'tos, Aces'mius,
I'ds'irnos, 3Iedicab'His, Med'icable, Sarlable, (F.)
Guirissable.  That which is  susceptible  of  cure.
An epithet applied to both patients and diseases.
   CURAGE, Polygonum hydropiper.
  CURA'RE,  Wourali, Woorali, Woorara, Wou-
rari,  Wooraru,  Wurali.  Urari, Urali,  Ourari,
Voorara.  A  very energetic vegetable poison,
employed by  the South American  Indians to
poison their arrows.  It is said to be obtained from
the bark of a species of convolvulus, called Vejuco
de 3lavacure, but is referred by Martius to Strych-
nos  Guianerlsis,  and  by Dr. Schomburg  to &
toxica'ria seu  toxif'er-a.  The  juice of  Echltes
suherec'ta, another apocyanaceous plant, is said to
enter into its composition.  Dr. Brainard thinks
it contains the poison  of serpents as its main in-
gredient.
   CURATIO,  Mede'la,  Sana'tio,  A'cesis, Al-
thex'is,  Althax'is,  Therapei'a,  I'dsis, Curation,
Treatment  (F.)  Traitement.  The  aggregate of
means  employed for  the cure  of disease.  See
Therapeutics.
   Curatio, Cura,  Cure — c. Contrariorum per
Contraria,  Allopathy — c. Morbi per  Inediam,
Limotherapia.
   CU'RATIVE,  Sarlative,  San'atory, Healing,
Acesopllorus, Acesino'sus.  Relating to the cure
of  a disease.    Curative Indications are  those
which point out  the  treatment  to be  employed.
Curative Treatment, that employed in the cure of
disease, in opposition to preservative or prophy-
lactic treatment.  We say, also,  Curative Process,
 Curative Means,  Ac
   CURATOR  INFIRMORUM, Infirmier.
   CURCAS PURGANS, Jatropha curcas.
   CURCULIO, Penis.
   CURCUMA  ANGUSTIFOLIA,  see   Arrow-
root—c. Aromatica, Kaempferia rotunda.
   Curcu'ma Longa,  Curcu'ma, Amo'mum Onr-
cu'ma,  Borri, Bor'riberri, Cober'ri, (Hindoostan,)
 Crocus Irldicus,  Terra Mer'ita,  Cannae'orus  ra-
di'ce  cro'ceo,  May el'la, Kna  Kaha,  Cype'rus
Irldicus, Kvtreipos IvhtKos of  Dioscorides [?], Tur-
meric, (F.)  Racine de Safran, Safran des Indes,
 Souchet des Indes.  Ord.  Zingiberaceae.   Tur-
meric root—the rhizoma of curcuma longa—Cur-
cuma (Ph. U. S.), is brought from the East Indies;
 but is  possessed of very little,  if any, medicinal
 efficacy.  It is one of the  ingredients in Curry
 Powder.
   Curcuma Zedoaria, see Kaempferia rotunda.—
 C Zerumbet, see Kaempferia rotunda.
   CURD, Curd of Milk, Lacpres'sum, (F.) Cailli,
 Lait cailli.  The eoagulated  or curdled (Coac'tus,
 Coagula'tus, (F.) Cailli ou  Caillebotte,) part of
 milk.
   Curd, Alum, Coagulum aluminosum.
   CURE;  from cura, 'care.'   Aces'ia, A'cesis,
 Aces'mus,  Cura'tio, C. felix, Sana'tio,  San'itas,
 (F.)  Guirison.   A restoration  to health;  also, a
 remedy; a restorative.
   CURE-ALL,  Geum Virginianum, CEnothera
 biennis.
   CUREDEXT. Dentiscalpium.
   CURE DU RAISIN, Grape-cure.
   CURE-LANGUE, (F.)  Lingua scalpium,
 Tongue-scraper.   An  instrument of ivory, tor-
 toise-shell, Ac, shaped like a knife or  rasp, for
 removing  the  mucous coating which covers  the
 tongue after sleep, Ac.
   CURE-OREILLE, Ear-pick.
   CURETTE, Scoop.
   CURMI, Courmi.
  CURRANT, BLACK, Ribes nigrum —c. Red,
Ribcs rubrum.
  CURRANTS, see Vitis  Corintbiaca.
  CURRY or CURRIE  POWDER.  A condi.
ment, formed of various  spices, and eaten with
rice, particularly in India.  The following is one
of the forms of  its preparations: Sem.  coriand.
^xviii, pip. nigr. ^ij, cayen.  3J,  rod. curcuma.,
sem. cumini, aa, ^iij, sem. fitenngr. £iv : mix.
  CURSUMA ILEMORRHOIDALIS HERBA,
Ranunculus ficaria.
  CURSUS,  Running — c. Matricis, Leucorrhoea
—c Menstruus. Menses.
  CURVAMEN, Curvature.
  CUR VAT EUR DU COCCYX, Curvator Coo-
cygis.
  CURVATIO, Campsis.
  CURVATOR COCCY'GIS, (F.) Cnrrateur du
Coccyx.  Sotnmering gives this name to a small
bundle  of  fleshy fibres, which  descends on the
middle of the coccyx, uniting on  each side with
the ischio-coccygei muscles.  It is a part of those
muscles.
  CUR'VATURE, Curvatu'ra, Curva'men, Flex-
u'ra, Gnamp'sis, from curvare,  curratum, 'to
bend.'  Cyrto'ma, (F.)  Courbure.  The condition
of a line or surface, which approximates  more or
less to  the form of an arc; as the curvatures of
the  spine,  duodenum, stomach, Ac  Accidental
curvatures of bones  are  the  effect of rickets, or
3Tollities ossium.  The Greeks called the curva-
ture of the spine, 'vfios, oko\ios, and \opoos, accord-
ing  as the  deviation was backwards, laterally, or
forwards.
  Curvature, Pott's,  Vertebral disease.
  CURVE OF CARUS, see Pelvis.
  CURVED LINES, Lin'ea  semicircula'res ex-
ter'na seu arena.'ta,  (F.) Courbes Lignes. Two
crooked lines or projections on the posterior sur-
face of the  occipital bone.   They are distinguished
into superior and inferior.  Some lines on the os
innominatum are also so called.
  CURVI.MER, Cucumis sativus.
  CUSCO-CINCHONIA,  Aricina.
  CUSCUS,  Andropogon  muricatus.
  CUSCUTA, C. Europsea.
  Cuscuta Chlorocarpa, see C. Glomcrata.
  Cuscu'ta Epith'ymum, C. minor.  The system-
atic name  of the Dodder  ofi Thyme, Epith'ymum,
Epith'ymum  Cuscu'ta seu Cre'ticum.  Ord. Con-
volvulaceae.  A parasitical plant, possessed of a
strong, disagreeable  smell, and a pungent taste
very durable in the mouth.  It was once used as
cathartic in melancholia.
  Cuscuta EuropjE'a seu major seu vulga'ris seu
tetran'dra  seu  filiform'is, Cuscu'ta, Epith'ijmum
officina'rum, was conceived  to  possess  similar
properties.
  Cuscuta Filiformis, C. Europaea.
  Cuscuta Glomera'ta,  and Cuscuta  Chloro-
car'pa, Dodder, Amer'ican Dodder, indigenous
plants,  are  bitterish,  subastringent, tonic, and
antiperiodic
  Cuscuta Major,  C. Europaea — c Minor, C.
Epithymum—c. Tetrandra, C. Europaea— c. Vul-
garis. C. Europaea.
  CUSHIA, Heracleum spondylium.
  CUSHY-COW-LADY,  Coccinella septempunc-
tata.
  CUSPARIA BARK, see C. Febrifuga—e. Bark,
False,  Brucea  antidysenterica,  and  Strychnos
nux vomica.
  Cuspa'ria   Febrif'uga,  Bonplan'dia frifo-
lia'ta  seu  angustu'ra,  Angustu'ra  (Ph. U.S.),
Galipa'a  febrifuga.   Order;  Rutaceae.   The
South American tree which furnishes the Cuspa'-
ria or Angustura Bark, (F.) Angustitre ou Angof-
ture vraie, Quinquina faux de Virginie.  Accord-
ing to Dr. Hancock, however,  the Angustura bark 
CUSPIS
267
CYANIC
is  derived from  Galipa'a officinalis,  Sex.  Syst.
Decandria Monogynia, Nat. Ord. Diosmeae ; and
this view has been adopted in tbe Pharmacopoeia
of the United States.   Its odour is peculiar; taste
intensely  bitter  and  slightly aromatic; pieces
thin; externally, gray and wrinkled;  internally.
yellowish-fawn; fracture, short and resinous.  It
yields its virtues to water and to proof spirit.  It
is tonic, stimulant, and aromatic.  Dose, gr. v to
xx or more, in powder.
   CUSPIS.   A  spear.   This  name  has  been
given to the glans penis. — Rolfink.  It meant,
also, a kind of bandage.
   CUSTODIA VIRGINITATIS, Hymen.
   CI'STOS, Vulva.
   CUT,  from  (F.)  couteau,  'a knife,'  or from
West Gothic, kota, 'to cut;'  or from Konro), 'I
cut.'   Casu'ra,  Tome, Incis'io, Vulnus simplex,
 Tresis vulnus simplex,  Cope,  (F.)  Coupure.  A
 common expression for the division  or solution
 of continuity made by a sharp  instrument.
   CUTAM'BULUS,  from cutis, 'skin,'  and am-
 bulo, T walk.' ' Walking in the skin.'  An epithet
 given to certain parasitical animals, which creep
 under the skin—such as the Guinea-worm ;  and
 to certain pains felt between the skin and flesh,
 as it were.
   CUTANEAL, Cutaneous.
   CUTANEO-SOURCILIER, Corrugator  su-
 percilii.
   CUTA'NEOUS, Cuta'neal, Cuta'neits, (F.) Cu-
 tani, from cutis, 'the skin.'  Belonging to the skin.
   Cutaneous  Diseases,  Eruptions,  Epiphy'-
 mata, are the numerous affections of  a morbid
 character to which the skin is liable—Dermato-
 jrttthi'a, Dermato'ses.
   Chronic cutaneous diseases may be  thus  classi-
 fied :
                        (" Urticaria.
       1. Exanthematous -I Roseola.
                        [ Erythema.
                        f Pemphigus.
                        | Rupia.
       2. Vesicular........ -J Herpes.
                         Scabies. [?]
                        [ Eczema.
       <! Pustular        (Impetigo.
       6. fustular......... {Ecthyma.
                        f Lichen.
       4. Papular.......... < Strophulus.
                        ( Prurigo.
                        ( Lepra.
       5. Squamous....... -j  Psoriasis.
                        ( Pityriasis.
                        (Acne.
                        I  Sycosis.
       6. Folliculous...... -j Ichthyosis.
                          Trichosis.
                        [ Favus.
   Cutaneous Exhalation and Absorption are
  those which take place from the skin.
   Cutaneous, Middle Posterior,  see  Sciatic
  nerve, lesser.
   Cutaneous Nerves, Cutaneal Nerves,  so
  called, of the upper  extremity, are two in num-
  ber. They are given off from the brachial plexus.
  The internal cutaneous, Cubito-cutani,  (Ch.,) de-
  scends along the inner part of the arm,  and di-
  vides above the  elbow into two branches; the
  outermost of which follows the outer edge of the
  biceps, and spreads over the anterior and inner
  part of  the forearm; and the innermost accom-
  panies the basilic vein, passing to the correspond-
  ing side of the hand and little finger.  The exter-
  nal cutaneous, Radio-cntani (Ch.,) 3Ius'culo-Cu-
  ta'neus, Perforans Casse'rii, passes outwards;
  perforates  the coraco-brachialis ; descends along
  the anterior and  outer part of the arm;  passes
as far as the middle fold of tbe elbow under the
median  cephalic; and  descends along the  ante-
rior and outer edge of the forearm.  At  some
distance above  the wrist, it  divides into two
branches; an outer, which  is distributed on tbe
back  of the hand, the thumb and  index  finger;
and an  inner, which descends  on the muscles of
the thumb into the palm of the hand, and divides
into fine filaments, which may be  traced to the
fingers.
   Cutaneous nerves, 3Iiddle  cutaneous,  two in
number, are branches of the  crural or  femoral
nerve.  They are  distributed to the  integument
of the middle and lower  part  of  the thigh and
of the knee.
   Nervus Cutaneus 3Iinor, Lesser  internal cuta-
neous nerve, Nerve of Wrisberg, takes its origin
from  the axillary plexus,  but is  more particu-
larly  connected with the ulnar nerve.   It  soon
separates from the ulnar, running  afterwards be-
tween it and the inner side of the  arm.   A little
below tbe  axilla  it divides into  two branches,
which are distributed to the arm.
   Chaussier calls  the cephalic and  basilic veins
the Radial and Cubital Cutaneous.
   CUTCH, Catechu.
   CUTE, Malleolus.
   CUTI, Catechu.
   CUTICLE, Epidermis — C. of the Enamel, see
 Enamel.
   CUTICULA, Epidermis.
   CUTIO,  Oniscus.
   CUTIS,  Pellis, Pella,  Co'rium, Derma, Deris,
 Anthro'pe,  Anthro'pen, Skin, (F.) Peau, Derme.
 A dense, resisting membrane, of a flexible and
 extensible  nature, which forms the  general en-
 velope  of  the  body; and is continuous with the
 mucous membranes, through the different natural
 apertures.  It is generally considered to be formed
 of three distinct layers — the  epidermis, rete or
 more properly corpus mucosum, and  corium (cutis
 vera, derma).   Some  anatomists,  however, sepa-
 rate  it into several others.  Its  outer surface  is
 covered by a number of small eminences, called
 papillae, which are generally regarded  as  essen-
 tially  nervous  and vascular.  The  skin is our
 medium of communication with external bodies.
 It protects the subjacent parts;  is the seat of
 touch;  and through it are exhaled the watery
 parts of the blood, which are  not needed  in the
 nutrition of the body.  The state of the skin, as
 regards heat and  dryness, affords  useful informa-
 tion  in pathological investigations.  Its colour,
 too,  requires attention : the paleness of disease is
 as characteristic as the rosy complexion of health.
 The  colour of the skin varies according  to the
 age,  sex, Ac.  As a general rule, it is finer in the
 female and child than in the male and adult.  In
 old age it becomes light-coloured, thin, and dry.
 It likewise varies according to the races, Ac.
   Cutis Anserina,  Horrida  cutis — c.  Carnosa,
 Panniculus carnosus—c.  Extima, Epidermis—c.
 Linguae, see  Tongue — c. Suilla,  Couenne — c.
 Summa, Epidermis—c. Tensa Chronica, Indura-
 tion  of the cellular tissue—c.  Ultima, Epidermis
 —c.  Vera,  Corium, see Cutis.
   CUTITIS, Cytitis, Erysipelatous inflammation.
   CUTLINS, Groats.
   CUTTING ON THE GRIPE, see Lithotomy.
   CUTTLE FISH, Sepia.
   CUTTUBUTH, Cutubuth, Kutubuth, Leneomo'-
 ria,  Melancholia  errabund'a.    The  Arabian
 physicians gave this name to a species of melan-
 choly,  accompanied with so much agitation, that
 the patients cannot remain tranquil for the space
 of an hour.
   CUURDO CANELLA,  Laurus  cinnamomum.
   CY'AN'IC,  Cyan'icus,   (F.)  Cyauique;  from 
CYANEPHIDROSIS         268              CYLLOSOMUS
Kvavos, 'blue.'  An epithet for the blue stage of
a malady—as cholera.
  CYTANEPITTDRO'SIS, from Kvavos. 'blue,' tin,
an augmentative preposition, and i&pour, T sweat.'
Copious perspiration, which colours the  linen
blue.
  CYANODERMIA, Cyanopathy.
  CYAN'OGEN,  (F.)  Cyanogene;  from Kvavos,
'blue,' and yewaur, T generate.'  So called from
its  being  an  ingredient in  Prussian blue.   It
forms, with oxygen, the cyanic  and other acids;
with hydrogen, the hydrocyanic acid.
  CYANOP'ATHY,  Cyanopathla,  Cyano'sis,  C.
cardiaca, Cyanoder'mia, Hamato-cyano'sis, Ha-
mrtto-cyanopathiu, Kyano'sis, 3Torbus caru'letts,
Cantlo'sis neonato'rum, from Kvavos,  'blue,' and
iraSos, 'affection.'  (F.)  Cyanose, 3Ialadie bleu,
Icth-e bleu.  A disease  in which  the  surface of
the body is coloured  blue.  It is often symptom-
atic,  and  commonly  depends on  a direct" com-
munication  remaining  between the  cavities  of
tbe right  and left side of  the  heart; Pa'teney
of the fora'men ova'le,  Acleitrocardie. — Piorry.
Such  communication does not, however, always
occasion the  blue disease,  but it  is generally
thought that  the  disease never  exists without
this state  of parts; or without  some  obstacle  to
the circulation in the  right side  of the heart.
The blueness  does not seem to be owing to the
admixture of black  and red  blood.  A  child
affected with  blueness  is said to  be cyanosed,
(F.) Cyanosi.
   CYANOSE, see Cyanosis.
   CYANOSIS, Cyanopathy—c. Pulmonalis, Ate-
lectasis pulmonum.
   CYAXURETUM FERRO-ZLNCICUM, Zinci
ferro-hydrocyanas.
   CYANUS, Centaurea cyanus — c. .SJgyptiacus,
Nymphaea nelumbo.
   Cy'anus  Seg"etum,  Bluebottle, (F.) Bluet  ou
Bleuet des 3Ioissons,  Barbeau, Aubifioin, Casse-
Lauettes.   Ord. Compositae.  The  blue  flowers
of  this European plant, (kvovos,  'blue,')  when
distilled with water, have been used  in ophthal-
mia.
   CYAR, Kvap.  'The  eye  of a needle,' 'a small
hole.'  The Metitus  audito'rius  internus.  See
Auditory  canal (internal).
   CY'ATHIS'CUS, diminutive of kvu%s, 'a bowl.'
 The concave part of a sound, made like a small
spoon, as in the case of the  ear-pick.
   CY'ATHUS, ' a bowl.'  A measure, both of the
 liquid and dry kind, equal to about an ounce and
 a half, or to the tenth part of a pint.  According
 to  Pliny and Galen,  about 10 drachms.
   Cyathus Cerebri, Infundibulum of the brain.
   CYBE, Head.
   CYBITON, Cubitus.
   CYBOIDKS, Cuboid.
   CYCAS CIRCINALIS, see Sago—c. Revoluta,
 see Sago.
   CYC'EON, from KvKaur, T mix together.'  The
 ancient name of a medicine of  the consistence of
 pap,  composed  of  wine,  water,  honey, flour,
 barley meal, and cheese.—Hippocrates.
   CY'C'LAMEN EUROPIUM.  Arthani'ta,  A.
 eye'lamen,  Cyclanlinus,  Cysuan'themon,   Cysso-
 phyllon, Panis porclnus,  Cas'amum,  Chyllni,
 Sow-bread.   Ord. Primulacese.  Sex. Syst. Pen-
 tandria Monogynia.  (F.) Pain du Porceau. The
 fresh root is  said to be acrid, bitter,  drastic, and
 anthelmintic.  Dose, ,^j.  For external use,  see
 Arthanita.
    CYULE, Cyclus,  from  kvkXos, 'a circle.'   A
 period or revolution of a certain number of years
 or days.  The Methodists  gave this  name to an
 aggregate of curative  means, continued  during
a certain number of days.  Nine was tbe usual
number.
  Cycle, Hebdom'adal or Heptal.  A period of
seven days or years,  which, according to some,
either in its  multiple or submultiplc,  governs an
immense number of phenomena of animal life.
  CYCLISCUS, Cyclismus.
  CYCLIS'MUS.  A  Troch, Trochis'cus.  This
name, as well as Cyclis'cns, was also  given to a
circular kind of rasp.   They have the same ety-
mon as cycle.
  CYCLOCEPH'ALUS, (F.) Cyclociphale, from
kvkXos, 'a circle,' and KetpaXn, 'head.'  A monster
whose eyes are in contact, or united in one.
  CYCLOPIIOR'IA, from kukXoj, 'a  circle,' and
tpepu, ' I bear.'   The circulation of  the blood or
other fluids.
  CY'CLO'PIA.  Same etymon as Cyclops. State
of a monster that has  both eyes united into one.
Called, also, 3fonops'ia and Rhineneephalia.
  Cyclopia  Gexistoi'des ;  Nat. Ord. Legumi-
nosae.  A South African plant, the decoction and
infusion of which are used as  expectorants  in
chronic bronchitis and in phthisis.
  CYCLOPS, KVK'kurip, from  kvk\os, 'an  orb  or
circle,' and uxp, 'an eye.'  Monoc'ulus, 3Ionops,
3Ionophthalruns, 3Tonom'matus, Unioc'uhts, Unoc'-
ulus. A monster having  but  one eye, and that
placed in the middle  of  the  forehead, like the
fabulous Cyclops.
  CVCLOSIS, Circulation.
  CYCLOT03IE, Cyclolomus,  from kvk\os,  'a
circle,'and rtpvttv, 'to cut.' An instrument, com-
posed of a ring of  gold and a cutting blade,  by
means of which the ball of the eye can be fixed,
whilst the cornea is cut.   It was invented by a
surgeon of Bordeaux,  named Guerin, for extract-
ing the cataract. It is not used.
  CYCLUS,  Circulus.
  CYDONIA,  Pyrus  cydonia — c. Maliformis,
Pyrus cydonia—c. Vulgaris, Pyrus  cydonia.
  CYTDONIATUM,  Cydona'tum, Dyacydonltes.
A composition of the  Cydonia  mala  or quinces,
with the addition of spices.—Paulus of ^Egina.
  CYDONIUM, see Pyrus Cydonia— c.  Malum,
see Pyrus cydonia.
  CYE'MA,  Kvnpa, from kvio, 'I conceive.'  Con-
ception.  Likewise  the product  of  conception.
See Embryo, and Foetus.
  CYESIOGNO'MON, from kwhis, 'pregnancy,'
and yvwpwv, 'a sign, a token.' A sign  of pregnancy.
  CYESIOGNO'SIS,  from  Kvnots,  'pregnancy,'
and yvurais, 'knowledge.' Diagnosis  of pregnancy.
  CYESIOL'OGY,   Cyesiolotf'ia,  from   kvvcis,
'pregnancy,'  and  \oyos,  'a  description.' The
doctrine of gestation.
   CYESIS, Conception, Fecundation, Pregnancy.
   CYESTEINE, Kiesteine.
   CYLICH'NE, Cylichnis.  A pill-box or earth-
enware pot, or small cup; from <cuAt|, 'a cup.'—
 Galen, Foesius.
   CYLINDRI,  see Villous membranes—c. Mem-
branacei renum, see Calix.
   CYL'INDROID, Cylindrdi'des, from Kv\tvopos,
 'cylinder,' and etios,  'form.'   Having the form
 of  a cylinder.   Chaussier  calls the Cornu Ammo-
 nis, Protubirattee cylindr-o'ide.
   CYLINDROTDES,  Teres.
   CYLLOEPUS, see Kyllosis.
   CYLLOPODA, see  Kyllosis.
   CYLLOPODION, see Kyllosis.
   CYLLO'SIS, KvWtaais.  Lameness, mutilation,
 or   vicious  conformation.—Hippocrates, Galen.
 See Kyllosis.
   CYLLOSO'MUS, from kvWos, ' crooked,' and
 otopa, 'body.'  A malformation  by defect, in
 which  the  fissure and  eventration are lateral,
 chiefly in the lower part of the abdomen, the in- 
CYMATODES
269     CYNANCHE  TRACHEALIS
ferior extremity  of the side affected  with the
fissure nbsent, or very little developed.—Vogel.
  CY.MATO'DES.  Undo'sus from Kvpa,  'a wave,'
and tiAos, 'resemblance.'  The vacillating, undu-
lutory character of the pulse in weak individuals.
  CYMBA, Vulva.
  CYMBALARIA  ELATINE,  Antirhinum ela-
tine— c. Muralis, Antirhinum linaria.
  OYMBALARIS,  Cricoid.
  CYMBIFORME  OS, Scaphoid bone.
  CYMBOPOGON  SCHC3NANTHUS, Juncus
odoratus.
  CYMINUM, Cuminum cyminum.
  CYMOGRAPIIION, Kymographion.
  CYXAN'CIIE, Angi'na,  from kvwv, kvvos,  'a
 dog,' and  ay\or, 'I suffocate' [?],  ' Dog choak,'
 Sore Throat, (Old  E.) Siccnsic,  Sivin'acie; Para-
 cynan'che,  Synan'che,  Prunella,  Squinan'thia,
 Empres'ma Paristhmltis,  Canma  Paristhmi'tis,
 Isthmitis,  Paristhmltis, Infiamrnatio  Fau'cium.
 Inflammation of the supra-diaphragmatic portion
 of the alimentary canal, and of the lining  mem-
 brane of the upper part of the air-passages:—(F.)
 Anqine,  Eiqninancie, 3Ial de  Gorge,  Synancie,
 Sipiinancie, Kinancie.  It comprises the follow-
 ing  chief varieties.
   Cvnanciie Epidemica, Cynanehe maligna—c.
 Externa, C. Parotidaea—c. Faucium, C.  tonsillaris
 —c Gangraenosa, Cynanehe  maligna—c. Laryn-
 gea, Laryngitis.
   Cynanche Malig'na, C. gangrano'sa seu epi-
 dem'ica seu pur'pnro-parotida'a  seu ulcero'sa,
 Febris cpidem'ica cum Angi'na, Emqjres'rna Pa-
 risthmi'tis  Malig'na,  Tonsillilrum gangra'na,
 Tonsil la  ),est i/en'tes,  Epidenlica gttttitris lues,
 Pestilcns  fau'cium  affec'tus, Padailchone  [?],
 Gttngrana  Tonsilla'rutn, Ulcus Syriacurn,  Gar-
 rot il'lo, Carbitn'culus angino'sus, Angi'na ulcero'sa
 sell ulcitscnlo'sa sen epidenlica  seu gangrano'sa
 seu malig'na sen fau'cium malig'na, Isthmoty'phus,
 Putrid or Ulcerous Sore Throat, Gangrenous In-
 flammation  of the Pharynx, (F.)  Angine gan-
 grinense  ou  3Ialigne.  It  is  characterized  by
 crimson redness of the mucous  membrane of the
 fauces  and tonsils;  ulcerations,  covered  with
 mucus; and spreading  sloughs, of an ash  or
 whitish hae;  the accompanying  fever typhus.
 It is often epidemic, and generally contagious [?J ;
 nnd is  frequently found accompanying scarlet
 fever,—giving rise to the variety, Scarlatina ma-
 ligna. Canker rash.  Cynanche  maligna has been
 made to include both diphtheritic and gangrenous
 pharyngitis.  See  Pharyngitis,  diphtheritic.
   The general treatment is tbe same as in typhus ;
 and stimulant antiseptic  gargles must be used,
 consisting, for example, of the  decoction of bark
 and muriatic acid.
    Cyn vncme Maxii.laris, c Parotidiea—c CEso-
 pbngea. Oesophagitis.
    Cynanche Parotid.e'a.  C.  Parotides seu  ex-
 ter'na  seu  maxilla'ris,   Empres'ma   Parotitis,
 Parotitis,  p.  epidenlica  seu erysipclato'sa  seu
 contagiosa seu  spu'ria  seu sero'so girl tine tu'-
 mens, Parol ia. Parotiditis, Angina maxilla'ris
 Seu externa seu parotida'a externa, Gissa, Ery-
  throchce'ras,  Genyorynan'che,  Gnathocynan'che,
 I nil a in mil tio  paro'tidum,  Infla'tio paro'tiditm,
  Catar'rhus  Bel/insiila'nus,  Branks   (Scotch),
  Mumps, (F.) Infiammation de la Parotide,  Oreil-
  lons, Ourles.  The characteristic symptoms are :
 —a painful tumour of the parotid gland, or of
 the cellular tissue surrounding it, or of both,  not
 of the suppurative kind ; frequently extending to
 the maxillary gland.  It is very conspicuous  ex-
 ternally, and is often accompanied  with swelling
 of  the testes in the male, and of the mammae in
 the female ; the testes being sometimes absorbed
 afterwards.  It  is generally epidemic,  and appa-
 rently contagious. [?]  The treatment is very
simple ; the adoption merely of the antiphlogistic
plan,  under  which  it  usually soon disappears.
When inflammation  of the mammae  or testes
supervenes, it must be treated  as if idiopathic.
  Epidem'ic Parotitis or Mumps is also termed
Parotitis  polymor'pha seu  epidenlica  seu  spe-
cif ica.
  Cynanche  Pharynge'a,  Empres'ma Paris-
thmi'tis Pharyngea,  Isthmitis, Pharyngitis, In-
fiamma'tio Pharyn'gis, Parasynan'che, Angina
inflammatoria, Sp.  iv.—(Boerhave.)   (F.J An-
gine  Pharyngie,  Catarre pharyngien.   Inflam-
mation of  the pharynx.
  This disease can  hardly be said to  differ, in
pathology  or treatment, from Cynanche  tonsil-
laris.   The same  may be remarked of the Cynan-
che GZsophage'a,  OEsophagi'tis.
  Cynanche Prunella, C. Tonsillaris — c Pur-
puro-parotidaea, Cynanche maligna—c.  Simplex,
Isthmitis—c. Stridula, C. trachealis.
  Cynanche Tonsilla'ris, C.  fau'cium  seu Pru-
nella, Ernpresma  Paristhmi'tis Tonsilla'ris,  Sy-
nan'che, Amygdalitis, Brand, Bronchi, Hyarl-
che.  Tonsillitis, Paristllmia, Paristhmi'tis, Dys-
pha'gia infiammato'iia, Antiadltis, Angina in-
fiammato'ria seu cum tumo're seu tonsilla'ris  seu
synocha'lis seu sanguin'ea  seu vera et legit'imct,
Infiamma'tio  Tonsillilrum, Antiadon'cus inflam-
mato'rius,  Inflammatory  Sore Throat,  Common
Squinancy, Squinzey,  Sqninsy or  Quinsy,  (F.)
Amygdalite, Infiammation des Amygdules, Angine
tonsillaire, Pharyngite tonsillaire, Esquinanvie,
Squinancie,  Catarrhe guttural, Angine gutturale
infiammatoire.  The characteristic symptoms of
this affection are, swelling and florid redness of
the mucous membrane of the fauces, and espe-
cially of the tonsils; painful and impeded deglu-
tition, accompanied with inflammatory fever.  It
is generally ascribed to cold,  and is  one of the
most  common affections  of cold and temperate
climates.  It usually goes off by resolution,  but
frequently ends in suppuration.
   Common sore throat is an affection  of no  con-
sequence.   It requires merely rest, and the  ob-
servance of the  antiphlogistic regimen.  When
more violent, — in addition  to  this. — bleeding,
local or general,  or both,—purgatives, inhalation
of the steam of  warm water;  acid, or emollient
gargles; rubefacients externally, or sinapisms or
blisters.   When   suppuration  must  inevitably
occur, the continued use of the inhaler  must be
advised, and an opening be made into  the abscess
as soon as pus shall have formed.  If the patient
be likely  to be  suffocated  by the tumefaction,
bronchotomy may be necessary.
   Cynanche Trachea'lis.  Cynanehe  larynge'a
of some, C.  strid'ula, Sufioca'tio  strid'ula. Asth-
ma infinitum, Catar'rhus suffocatlvus Barbadeil-
sis, Angi'na polypo'sa seu membrana'cea seu pnl-
 po'sa seu pernicio'sa seu infiammato'ria  sen snffo-
cato'riasea strepito'sa seu cani'na seu exsudato'-
ria   seu trachea'lis, Empres'ma  bronchitis seu
 bronchlemmltis,   Laryngitis  et  Tracheitis in-
fantilis, Laryngi'tis exsudatl'va seu membrana'-
cea  seu polypo'sa,  Laryngos'tasis seu  Laryngo-
trachei'tis, Laryngo-tracheitis with diphtherilic
exitda'tion,  Laryngoc'ace,  Orthopnce'a cynarl-
chica. Cynanchorthopnea, Padanchone  [/]. Mor-
bus Strangnlato'rius, Tr-achi'tis, Tracheitis, Tra-
chelitis, Diphtheri'tis trachea'lis, Expectora'tio
 Soliila, Cauma Bronchitis, Croup, Roup, Hives,
 Bold Hives, Choak, Stuffing, Rising of the lights,
 (F.)  Angine laryngie et trachiale,  Laryngite avee
 production  de fausses  membranes,  Laryngite
 pseudo-membraneuse.  A  disease  characterized
by sonorous and suffocative breathing;  harsh
voice; cough, ringing, or like the barking of a
dog;  fever,  highly  inflammatory.  It  is apt to
be speedily attended  with  the  formation  of a 
CYNANCHICA
false membrane, which lines the trachea beneath
the glottis, and  occasions violent  dyspnoea and
suffocation, but is sometimes expectorated.   The
dyspnoea, as in all  other affections of the air-
passages, has evident exacerbations.  It  differs
in its character in different situations; being in-
finitely more inflammatory in  some places than
in others, and hence  the success obtained by dif-
ferent modes of treatment.  It  chiefly  affects
children, and is  apt to recur, but the subsequent
attacks are usually less and less severe.
   As a  general  rule, it  requires  the most  ac-
tive treatment;  bleeding from  the  arm or neck,
so as to induce paleness ; leeches applied to  the
neck, Ac, according to the age,—tbe warm bath,
olisters  to the neck  or  chest, and  purgatives.
Formidable as the disease may be, if this plan be
followed early,  it  will generally be  successful.
Many specifics  have  been recommended,  but
the  search  has been  idle  and fruitless.   The
majority of  cases  of what are called croup  are
not of this inflammatory east;  but are more of
a spasmodic character, and have been termed by
the  French faux croups, and with us are occa-
sionally  termed spasmodic  croup.  They gene-
rally yield to an emetic and  the warm bath.
   Cynanche Trachealis Spasmodica, Asthma
acutum,  A. Thymicum—c  Ulcerosa, Cynanche
maligna.
   CYNAXT'CHICA.  Medicines used in cases of
quinsy were formerly so called.
   CYANCHORTHOPNCEA, Cynanche  tra-
chealis.
   CYNAN'CHUM.   Same etymon.  A genus of
plants, Ord. Asclepiadaceae,  of which the follow-
ing are used in medicine.
   Cynanchum Argel, C. oleaefolium — c. Ipeca-
cuanha, Tylophora asthmatica.
   Cynanchum  Monspel'iacum, Scam'monyof
3Iontpellier.  The plant furnishes a blackish kind
of gum-resin, which  is purgative, and but little
used.
   Cynanchum  Ole^fo'lium,  C.  argel, Soleno-
stem'ma argel, Argel.  An Egyptian, Nubian and
Arabian  shrub, the leaves of which form a por-
tion  of  most samples of Alexandrian  senna.
They resemble senna in their action.
   Cynanchum Tomentosum, Tylophora asthmat-
ica—c. Vincetoxicum, Asclepias vincetoxicum—
c Viridiflorum, Tylophora asthmatica—c. Vomi-
torium,  Tylophora asthmatica.
   CYNANTHEMIS, Anthemis cotula.
   CYNANTHRO'PIA, from  kvuiv,  kvvos,  'dog,'
and avSpurios, ' man.'   A variety of melancholia,
in which the patient believes  himself changed
into a dog; and imitates the voice  and habits of
that animal.
   CYN'ARA, 0. Scolymus, Cin'ara scolymus, ki-
vapa. The systematic name of the Ar'tichoke, Al-
coc'alum, Articoc'alus, Artiscoc'cus lavis,  Costus
nigra, Car'duus sativus non spino'sus, Cinarahor-
terlsis,  Scolymus sativus, Car'duus sativus  seu
domest'icus cap'ite majo're seu  altilis, anciently
koktos, cactus, (F.) Artichaut.   Ord. Composite.
Sex. Syst.  Syngenesia Polygamia  aequalis.  In-
digenous in the  southern parts of Europe.  Much
used as an agreeable article of diet.  The juice
of the leaves, mixed with white wine, has been
given in dropsies.
   CYTN'ICUS, Cyno'des, from kvutv, kvvos, 'a dog.'
Cynic, (F.)  Cynique.   Relating to,  or resembling
a dog.  Cynic spasm is a convulsive contraction
of the muscles of one side of the face,—dragging
the  eye, cheek, mouth,  nose,  Ac, to one side.
See Canine.
   CYNIPS  QUERCOS FOLII, see Quercus  in-
fectoria.
   CYNOCOPRUS, Album graecum.
   CYNOCRAMBE, Mercurialis perennis.
7 0                CYPRUS
  CYNOCTONOX. Aconitum.
  CYNOCYTTSUS, Rosa canina.
  CYNODEC'TOS, from kvotv, ' a dog,' and &,«>,
'I bite.'   One who has been bitten  by a dog.—.
Dioscorides.
  CYNODES, Cynicus.
  CYNODESMION, Fraenum penis.
  CYNODESMUS, Fra>num penis.
  CY'NODON DACTYLON, (kvidv, '& dog,'and
oiovs, oiovros, ' a tooth,')./-Wuifm seu Digitu'riit
daetylon,  Bermuda  grass;  indigenous.   Ortl.
Gramineae.  The roots have been used as a sub-
stitute for sarsaparilla.
  CYNODONTES, Canine teeth.
  CYNOGLOS'SUM, from  kvwv, kvvos, 'a dog,'
and y^uroaa, 'a tongue.'  Cynoylos'smn officinit'li
seu  blcolor, Lingua  Canina,  Hound's tornpie,
Caballa'tion, (F.) Langue de Chien.   Ord.  Bora-
gineae.  Sex. Syst. Pentandria  Monogynia.  It
is aromatic and mucilaginous, and has been sup-
posed to be possessed of  narcotic properties.
  CYNOGLOSSUxM AMPLEXICAULE, C. Vir-
ginicum.
  CYNOGLOSSUM VIRGIN'ICUM,C.amphxi'-
cattle, Wild Comfrey; indigenous; has mucilagi-
nous properties.  The leaves are smoked, and are
said  to produce effects  like those of tobacco. [?]
  CYN0L0PH0I, Spinous processes of the ver-
tebrae.
  CYNOLYSSA, Hydrophobia.
  CYNOMETRA AGALLOCHUM, Agallochum.
  CYNOMOIA,  Plantago psyllium.
  CYNOMO'RIUM  COCCIN'EUM,  from  Kirov,
kvvos, 'a dog,' and fiorptov, ' the penis.' (F.) Cham-
pignon de Malte.  Ord. Balanophorese.  Impro-
perly called Fungus  3Ieliterlsis, or  Fungus of
Malta, as  it is not a fungus.   The powder has
been  given as  an  astringent in hemorrhage,
dysentery, Ac
  CYNOREXIA, Boulimia.
  CYNORRHODON, Rosa canina.
  CYNOSBATOS, Rosa  canina.
  CYNOSORCHIS,  Orchis mascula.
  CYNOSPASTUM, Rosa canina.-
  CYON,  kvotv.   The word  sometimes signifies
the fraenum  of the prepuce; at others, the penis.
  CYOPHORIA, Pregnancy.
  CY7OT'ROPHYT, Cyotroph'ia,  Embryolrophj,
Embryotroph'ia,  from kvos, 'embryo,' and rpajntv,
'to nourish.'  Nutrition  of the embryo.  Foetal
nutrition.
  CYTARISSUS, Cupressus sempervirens.
  CYPERUS ANTIQUORUM, Kvnctpos, Lawso-
nia inermis—c Indicus, Curcuma longa.
  Cype'rus Longus,  C. Roma'nus,  Galangale,
(F.)  Souchet odorant.   Ord.  Cyperaeeae.  It pos-
sesses aromatic  and bitter properties, but is not
used.  See, also, Dorstenia contrayerva,
  Cyperus Odorus, Dorstenia  contrayerva — c.
Peruanus, Dorstenia contrayerva — c. Romanus,
C. longus.
  Cyperus  Rotun'dus,  C.  tetras'tachys, the
Round Cype'rus, (F.) Souchet rond.  It is a more
grateful aromatic bitter than the C. longus.
  Cyperus Tetrastachys, C. rotundus.
  CYTIIEL, Sempervivum tectorum.
  CYPHO'MA,  Cyphos, Cypho'sis, Cyrto'ma,Cyr-
to'sis,  Opisthocypho'sis,  from  Kvtpos, ' gibbous.'
Gibbosity of the spine.  See Vertebral Column,
Ac.   Cyrtosis forms a genus in the order Dy»-
thet'ica, and class Hamalica of Good, and  is de-
fined : 'head bulky, especially anteriorly ; stature
short and incurvated ; flesh flabby, tabid, and
wrinkled.'  It includes Cretinism, and Rickets.
  CYPHOSIS, Gibbositas, see  Hump, and Ky-
phosis.
  CYPRES, Cupressus  sempervirens. 
CYPRESS                271           CYSTIRRHAGIA
  CYPRESS, Cupressus sempervirens, Taxodium
disticbum—c. Bald,  Taxodium distichum — c.
Tree, Liriodendron.
  CVP'RINUM (O'LEUM), Kvrrpivov (eXatov), Oil
of Cypress; prepared of olive oil, cypress flowers,
calamus, myrrh,  cardamom, inula, bitumen of
Judaa,  Ac.   It was formerly employed in cer-
tain  diseases of the  uterus, pleurisies,  Ac, and
was regarded to be both stimulant and emollient.
  CYPRIPE'DIUM ACAU'LE, {Kvnpts, 'Venus,'
nnd iroctov, 'a sock or buskin.')  C. hn'mile, Stern-
less  Ladies' Slipper ; 3loccasin Flower;  Noah's
Ark.    Ord. Orchidaceae.   Indigenous; flowers
in Muy  and June.   The roots are used by steam-
doctors  in nervous diseases, like valerian.
   Cypripedium Calceolus, C. Luteum, C. spec-
tabile — c. Canadense,  C, spectabile — c. Flaves-
cens, C. Luteum—c. Humile, C. acaule.
   Cypripe'dium Lu'teum,  C. Calce'olus seu Fla-
res'cens seu Pubes'cens seu Parvifio'rum, Yellow
lathes' slipper, Moc'casin flower, 3Ioccasin plant,
 Yellows, Bleeding  heart,  Amer-'ican  vale'rian,
 Yellow  umbil, male 3tervine, Noah's ark, (F.) Sa-
 bot de Vinus jaune.  An indigenous plant, which
is found all over the United  States ; blossoming
 in May and June.  The root is considered to be
 antispasmodic, and is used in the same cases as
 valerian.
   Cypripedium Parviflorum,  C.  Luteum—c.
 Pubcscens, C. Luteum.
   Cypripedium  Spectab'ile, C. Calce'olus seu
 Cituaden'se, Showy ladies' slipper,  is  the  most
 beautiful of tbe genus.  It is said to  possess pro-
 perties  identical with those of C. Luteum.
   CYPRIUM, Cuprum.
   CYPSELE, Cerumen.
   CYRCEON, Anus.
   CYRTOIDES, Cuboid.
   CYRTOMA, Curvature,  Cypboma.
   CYRTONOSOS,  Rachitis.
   CYSSANTHEMON, Cyclamen.
   CYSSARUS, Anus, Rectum.
   CYSSOPHYLLON, Cyclamen.
   CYS'SOTIS, from kvoos, ' the anus.'  The lower
 part of the rectum:  tenesmus.
   (VST, Kyst.
   CVSTAL'GIA,  Cystidalgia, from  kvotis, 'the
 bladder,' and aXyos, 'pain.'  Pain in  the bladder.
   CYSTANENCEPHA'LIA.from kvotis, 'ablad-
 der,' and anencepha'lia, 'absence of brain.'   A
 monstrosity, in which, in place of a brain, a blad-
 der is found filled with fluid.—G. St. Hilaire.
   CYSTATROPHTA, from kvctis, 'bladder,'and
 arptnpta, ' atrophy.'   Acysturo trophie,—Piorry.
 Atrophy or wasting of the bladder.
   CYSTAUCHENOTOMTA,LVforracWofom7n,
 Cystidotvaclielotom'ia, from  kvotis,  'a bladder,'
 av%qv,  'the neck,' and ropn, 'incision.'  An inci-
 sion into the neck of the bladder. See Lithotomy.
   C\ STAUX'E, Hypertroph'ia vesica urina'ria.
 Callus'itas  vesica; from  kvotis, 'bladder,' and
 oi>£n, 'increase.'   Hypertrophy of the coats of
 tbe urinary bladder.—Fuchs. See Cystbypersar-
 cosis.
   CYSTECTASY",  Lithectasy.
   CVSTENCEPH'ALUS, from kvctis,  'bladder,'
 and  K£</>uA>7,  'head.'  A monster having a head
 with a  vesicular brain.—G. St. Hilaire.
   CYSTEOL'ITIIOS, from kvotis, 'the bladder,'
 and A.0o;, 'a stone.'  Stone in the bladder.  Also,
 a medicine, employed to dissolve or  break stone.
   CVSTKR KTIUS'MUS, 1,-ritabilitas seu Impa-
 tien'tia Vesica,  from kvotis, 'the bladder,' and
 tptdtfa, 'I irritate.'  Irritability of the bladder.
   CYST II EPAT'IC IS, from kvotis, ' tbe bladder,'
 and 'rjnap,  ' the  liver.'  Belonging  to the gall-
 bladder and liver.  This  name was given, for-
 merly,  to imaginary excretory ducts for the bile,
which were supposed to pass directly from the
liver to the gall-bladder.
  CYSTHEVAT01AT1W A$IS,CysHdepatolithi'-
asis, Cholelitllia, Cholelithiasis, from kvotis, 'the
bladder,' 'inttap, 'the  liver,' and  XiStaois, 'pain
caused by a calculus.'  The aggregate of pheno-
mena caused by the  presence of biliary calculi.
See Calculi, biliary.
  CYSTHITIS, Kysthitis.
  CYSTHUS, Anus, Vulva.
  CYSTHYPERSARCO'SIS, from kvotis, 'blad-
der,' 'wtrep, 'over,' and oapKorots, 'afleshy growth ;'
Excrescerltia  Vesica nriua'ria.  A fleshy thick-
ening of the coats of the bladder.
  CYSTIC, Cys'ticus, (F.)  Cistique, from kvotis,
'a bladder.' Belonging to the gall-bladder. Also,
containing Cystae, Cystous.
  Cystic Artery, Arte'ria Cys'tica, is given off
from the right branch of the hepatic, and divides
into two branches,  which  proceed to the gall-
bladder.  It is accompanied by two  cystic veins,
which open into the vena porta abdominalis.
  Cystic Bile.   Bile contained  in  the  gall-
bladder.
  Cystic Cal'culi.   Calculi formed in the gall-
bladder.  See Calculi.
  Cystic Duct, Ductus cys'ticus, 3Tea'ttts cys'ti-
cus.  The duct proceeding  from the gall-bladder,
which, by its  union with the hepatic, forms the
ductus communis choledochus.
  Cystic Oxyd, Oxyd, cystic—Cystic Oxyd Cal-
culi, see Calculi,  Urinary.
  Cystic Sarco'ma, of Ab'ernethy, Emphy'rna
Sarcoma cellulo'sum.   Tumour, cellulous or  cys-
tous ; cells oval, currant-sized or grape-sized, con-
taining serous fluid; sometimes caseous.  Found
in the thyroid gland (forming bronchocele,) testis,
ovarium, Ac.
   CYS'TICA, Cystic  Remedies.  Such medicines
as were  formerly believed  proper for combating
diseases of the bladder.
  CYSTICER'CUS, from kvotis, 'abladder,'and
 KtpKos, ' a tail.' A genus of entozoa of the family
of  the  hydatids,  distinguished  by the caudal
vesicle  in  which  the cylindrical  or  slightly de-
pressed body of the animal  terminates.  The Cys-
ticer'cus cellulo'sa, (F.) Cysticerque du Tissu cellu-
laire, Hy'datis finna,  has been often found in the
 cellular  membrane.
   CYSTICERQUE   DU  TISSU  CELLU-
 LAIRE, Cysticercus  cellulosae.
   CYSTIDALGIA, Cystalgia.
   CYSTIDELCO'SIS, from kvotis, 'bladder,' and
'e\Kiaots, 'ulceration.'  Suppuration or ulceration
 of the urinary bladder.
   CYSTIDEPATICUS. Hepatocystic.
   CYSTIDEPATOLITHIASIS, Cysthepatolithi-
 asis.
   CYSTIDOBLENNORRHCEA,  Cystirrhcea.
   CYSTIDOCATARRHUS, Cystirrhcea.
   CYSTIDOCELE, Cystoeele.
   CYSTIDOPLEGIA, Cystoparalysis.
   CYSTIDORRHAGIA, Cystorrhagia.
   CYSTIDORRHEXIS, Cystorrhexis.
   CYSTIDORRHCEA, Cystirrhcea.
   CYSTIDOSOMATOTOMIA,   Cystosomatoto-
 mia.
   CYSTIDOSPASMUS. see  Cystospastic.
   CYSTIDOSTENOCHORIA, Stricture of the
urinary  bladder.
   CYSTIDOTOMIA, Cystotomia.
   CYSTIDOTRACHELOTOMIA, Cystaucheno-
tomia.
   CYSTINE, Oxyd, Cystic.
   CYSTINURIA, Urine, cystinic.
   CYSTINX, Vesicula.
   CYSTIPHLOGIA, Cystitis.
   CYSTIRRHAG"IA, from kvotis, 'thebladder,'
and pnyvvu, T break forth.'  Hemorrhage from the 
CYSTIRRIIEUMA           2
bladder, (F.) Himorrhagie de la Vessie.  By some
used synonymously with cystirrhcea.
  CYSTIRRIIEUMA, Cystorrheuina.
  CYSTIRRHCEA, from  kvotis, 'the bladder,'
and pctir, 'I flow.'  Paru'ria Stil/atl'tia 3Iuco'sa,
Blennu'ria, Blennorrhea  urina'tis seu vesi'ca,
Cysto-blcuuorrfiai'a, Cystorrhee'a, Cystido-blennor-
rhix'a,  Tschn'ria,  Cysto-phlegmalica,  Tenes'mus
 Vesi'ca  Mnco'siis,  Uri'na muco'sa,  Cystocatar'-
rhus, Cystido-catar'rhus, Cystidorrhce'a, Urocysto-
catar'rhus,  Dysu'ria Muco'sa, Pyu'ria  Mucosa
seu vis'cida  seu sero'sa, Morbus cystophlegmal-
icus,  Catar'rhus vesi'ca,  (F.)  Cystite  miiqneuse,
Blenno-cystite, Flux muqaeux de la vessie, Catar-
rhe visical, Blencystorrhie, — Piorry.   A copious
discharge of mucus from the bladder, passing out
with the urine, and generally attended with dysu-
ria.   It is commonly dependent upon an inflam-
matory or subinflammatory condition of the lining
 membrane.  The treatment must be regulated by
 the cause.  If it be not produced by an extrane-
ous body; the antiphlogistic plan,—the  exhibition
 of warm  diluents,  and keeping the surface in a
perspirable state, by wearing flannel, are indi-
 cated.  Some of the turpentines may, at  times,
 be given with advantage'; and astringent or other
 appropriate injections be thrown into the bladder.
   CYSTIS,  Follicle, Urinary bladder —c. Cho-
 ledochus,  Gall-bladder—c.  Fellea, Gall-bladder
 —c Serosa, Hygroma.
   CYSTITE, Cystitis—c. 3Iuqneuse, Cystitis.
   CYSTITIS,  from <cu<rnf, 'the bladder.'  In-
 flamma'tio Vesica, Empres'ma Cysti'iis,  Cystitis
 it'rica, Uro-cystltis, Cystiphlo'gia, Cystoph/o'gia,
 Infiammation  ofi  the  bladder, (F.) Cystite,  In-
 fiammation de la vessie, Cysturite,—Piorry ; cha-
 racterized by pain and swelling in the hypogas-
 tric region ;  discharge of urine painful or  ob-
 structed, and tenesmus.   It  may  affect  one or
 all of the  membranes  ; but commonly it is con-
 fined  to the  mucous coat.   In the chronic con-
 dition, it appears in the form  of cystirrhoea.  It
 must be treated upon the same energetic princi-
 ples  as  are required in  other cases of internal
 inflammation;  venesection,  general   and local,
 the warm  bath, warm fomentations, warm, sooth-
 ing enemata,  diluents, Ac.    Cantharides must
 be avoided, even in the way of blisters,  unless
 with  precautions,  as  the disease  is often occa-
 sioned by them.
   Cystitis Fellea, Cholecystitis—c. Urica, Cys-
 titis.
   CYSTTT03TE, Cystilomus, Cyst'otome,Kibis'i-
 tome,  Kys'titome,  Kystotome, from kvotis, ' the
 bladder,'  and repvetv,  'to cut.'  An instrument,
 invented  by Lafaye,  for dividing  the  anterior
 part of the capsule of the crystalline in the opera-
 tion for extracting cataract.   It was formed like
 the Pharyngcrtome.
   CYSTO.  In composition,  relating or  apper-
 taining to a bladder, and generally to the urinary
 bladder.
   CYSTOBLAST, Cytoblast.
   CYSTO-BLENNORRHCEA, Cystirrhoea.
   CYSTO-BUBOXOCE'LE,  from  kvotis,  'the
 bladder,' Qovfftov, 'the groin.' and  Kn\n,  'a tu-
 mour.'  Hernia of the  bladder through the abdo-
 minal riug.
   CYSTO-CATARRHUS, Cystirrhoea.
   CYSTOCE'LE,  Cystoce'lia, Cistoee'le, Cystido-
 ce'le, from kvotis, 'the bladder,' and KriXn, 'a tu-
 mour,' Her'nia vesi'ca urina'ria, Hernia of the
 bladder, (F.) Hernie de la Vessie.   It is not com-
 mon.  It occurs, most frequently, at the abdomi-
 nal ring; less  so  at the  crural arch, perimeum,
 vagina, and foramen thyroideum.  It may exist
 alone, or be accompanied by a sac,  containing
 some abdominal viscus.   The tumour is soft and
72          CYSTOSOMATOMIA
fluctuating; disappears on pressure, and increases
in  size when the urine is retained.  It must be
reduced and kept in  position by a truss.   Vayi-
nal cystoeele is kept in place by  a pessary.
   Cystocele  Biliosa,  Turgescentia  vesiculuo
felleae.
   CYSTODYTNTA. from  kvotis, 'the  bladder,'
and o&wn, 'pain.'  Pain  of the bladder; particu-
larly rheumatic pain.
   CYSTOlIiE'MIA, (F.) Cystohimie, from worts,
' bladder,' and  'atpa, ' blood.'   Congestion  of
blood in the bladder.
   CYSTOID, CystoVileus. Cyst-like, from kvotis,
' a bladder or cyst,' and ciSos, ' resemblance That
which resembles a cvst, as 'ci/stoid tumour.'
   CYST0-LITIIIAS1S, see Calculi, vesical.
   CYSTO-LITII'IC,  Cystolit/lieus, (V.)  Ci/stn-
Hthique, from kvotis, 'the bladder,' and XiSos, 'a
stone.'  Relating to stone in the bladder.
   CYSTOMA, see Kyst.
   CYSTO-MEROCE'LE, from kvotis, 'the Wad-
der,' peoos, ' the  thigh,' and K17A17, ' hernia.'   Fe-
moral hernia, formed  by the bladder protruding
beneath the crural arch.
   CYSTOX'CUS, from kvotis, 'the bladder,' aud
oyxos, 'tumour.'   Swelling of  the bladder.
   CYSTOPARAL'YSIS, Cystidoparalysis, Cyn.
tidople'gia, Cystople'gia,  Cystoplex'ia, Acystiner'-
via,  Acysturonervia,  Amyosthinie Cysturique,—
 Piorry, from  kvotis,  ' bladder,' and  irapaXvots,
' palsy.'   Paralysis of the  urinary bladder.   Bee
 Enuresis.
   CYSTO-PHLEGMATTC, Cystophlegmttt'icus,
from  kvotis, 'the bladder,'  and tpXtypa, ' mucus,
phlegm.'  Belonging  to the vesical mucus.  Mor-
bus ci/stoph/egmal icus.   Cystirrhcea.
   CYSTOPHLOGIA, Cystitis.
   CYSTOPHTHI'SIS, Phthisis vesica'lis, from
kvotis, 'the bladder,' and tjiQita, 'I consume.' Con-
sumption from ulceration of the bladder,— Ul'eern
seu Helco'sis vesi'ca.
   CYSTOPLASTIC, Cystoplas'ticus, from kvotis,
 ' the bladder,' and irXuaour, ' I  form.'  An epithet
 for an operation for the cure of fistulous openings
 into the  bladder, Cys'toplasty, (¥.) Cystoplnstie;
 sometimes restricted  to  the cure by translation
 of skin from a neighbouring part.
   CYSTOPLEGIA,  Cystoparalysis.
   CYSTOPLEG"IC,  Cystopleg''icns.  Belonging
 to paralysis  of  the   bladder;  from kvotis, 'the
 bladder,' and rrXnaour, ' I strike.'
   CYSTOPLEX'IA,  Cystoparalysis.
   CYSTOPTO'SIS,   from  kvotis, 'the  bladder,'
 and rtiTTTttv,  'to  fall.'  Relaxation of  tbe inner
 membrane of the bladder, which projects into the
 canal of the urethra.
   CYSTOPY'IC,  Cystopy'icns, (F.) Cystopt/iqne,
 from kvotis, 'the bladder,' and  nuov, 'pus.'   Re-
 lating to suppuration of the bladder.
    CYSTORRHAG"IA, Hamatu'ria cyst'ica, Htr,-
 morrhatf'ia vesica,  Strangu'ria  crnen'ta, San'-
 guinis fluor  vesi'ca,  from  kvotis,  ' the bladder,'
 and pay ti, 'rupture.'   A  discbarge  of blood fro in
 the vessels of the urinary bladder.
    CYSTORRHEU'MA, Cystirrheu'rna, Rheuma.
 tis'mus vesi'ca urina'ria; from kvotis, 'the blad-
 der,' and pivpa, ' defluxion,' 'rheumatism.'  Rheu-
 matism of the bladder.'
    CYSTORRHEX'IS, Cystidorrhex'is ; from kvo-
 tis, 'bladder,' and 'pnfrs, ' rupture.'  Rupture of
 the urinary bladder.
    CYSTORRHCEA,  Cystirrhoea.
    CYSTOSARCO'MA, from kvotis, 'ablndderor
 cyst,'  and sarcoma.   A  tumour consisting  of a
 combination of  cysts and cystoids, so  called by
 J. Muller.
I    CYSTOSOMATOMTA, Cystosomalotom'oifp-
\ tidosomatotonlia, from kvotis, ' the  bladder/wi/mi 
CYSTOSPASMUS           2"
'body,'  and  roprr, 'incision.'   An  incision  into
the body of the bladder.
  CYSTOSPASMUS, see Cystospastic.
  CYSTOSPAS'TIC, Cystospas'ticus, from kvotis,
'the bladder,' and onaur,  'I contract.'   Relating
to spasm of the bladder, and  particularly of its
sphincter; — Cystidospas'mus,  Spasmus Vesica,
Ischu'ria   spasmod'ica,  (F.)  Spasme   de  la

  CYSTOSPERMITIS, (F.) Cystospermite,  from
kvotis, ' bladder,' orreppa, ' sperm,' and  itis,  ' de-
noting inflammation.'  Inflammation of the  vesi-
culae seminales.
   CYSTOSTENOCIIO'RIA,  Cystidostenocho'ria,
Strictu'ra vesi'ca,  \'esi'ca  sacca'ta.   A  stricture,
narrowness, inequality or saccated  condition  of
the urinary bladder.
   CYSTOTH ROM'BOID, Cystothromboi'des,  from
kvotis, 'the bladder,'and dpopfios, 'aclot.' Relat-
ing to the presence of clots in the bladder.
   CYSTOTOME, Cystolomits, from kvotis,  'the
bladder,'  and repvetv,  'to  cut.'  An  instrument
intended for cutting  the  bladder.  Instruments
of this kind have been more frequently, although
very improperly, called Lithotomes.
   CYSTOTOMTA, Cystidotonlia, same etymon.
Incision of the  bladder; Sectio vesica'lis.  Cys-
 totornia means cutting into the bladder for any
purpose;  (F.) Incision de la vessie.  Commonly,
it is applied to the puncturing of the  bladder for
 the purpose of removing the urine ;  whilst Litho-
 tomy has  been employed for the incisions made
 with  the view  of extracting  calculi from the
 bladder.  See Lithotomy.
   CYST0TRACHELOT0MIA,   Cystauchenoto-
 mia.   See Lithotomy.
   CYSTOUS, Cystic
   CYSTOVA'RIUM, from  kvotis, 'a cyst  or
 bladder;' and oapiov, 'ovarium.'  A morbid con-
 dition, which consists in the formation of cysts in
 the ovary.
   CYSi'URlTE,  Cystitis.
   CYT'INUS, C. Hypocist'is, Hypocist'is, As'arum
 Hypocist'is.  Ord. Cistineae.  A small parasitical
 plant, which  grows in the south of France and in
 Greece, on the roots  of the woody cistus.  The
 juice of its fruit is acid, and very astringent.  It
 is obtained by expression, and converted into  an
 extract, which was called  Suceus Hypocis'tidis,
  The figure of the Greek A, according to Galen,
was the sign for quartan fever.
  DABACII, Yiscuin album.
  DACNE'RON, Sannpov, from Sokvciv, 'to bite.'
An  ancient niune for a collyrium, composed of
oxide of copper, pepper, cadtnia, myrrh, saffron,
gum Arabic, and opium.
  DACRY, Dac'ryma,  Dac'ryon,  Saxpv, Saxpvua,
iaxpvov, 'a tear :' Hence :
  D A C R Y A D E N A L'GIA, Dacryoadenal'gia,
from oaKpvu, ' I weep,' a&nv, ' a gland,' and aXyos,
'pain.'  Disease or pain in the lachrymal gland.
  DACltYADENI'TIS, Daeryoiidenltie; from
iaKpx-it, 'I  weep.' ainv,  'a gland,' and itis.  In-
flammation of tbe lachrymal gland.
  DACRYALLCEO'SIS, from <Wpv, 'a tear,'  and
aXXoiurots, ' change.'   A  morbid  condition of the
tears.
      18
3            DACRYOCYSTIS
and was formerly much used  in hemorrhages,
diarrhoea, Ac.
  CYTISI'NA,  Cytisine.   An  immediate  vege-
table  principle,  discovered  by  Chevalier  and
Lassaigne, in the seeds of Cytisus Labitr'num or
Bean-Trefoil  Tree.   Ord.  Leguminosae.   Sex.
Syst.  Diadelphia Decandria.  Cytisine  has  ana-
logous properties to emetine.  In the dose of one
or two grains, it produces vomiting and  purging;
and, in  a stronger dose, acts as an acrid poison.
The seeds of the Cytisus Laburnum, (!■'.) Auboitrs,
have been long known to produce vomiting and
purging.
  CYTISMA  ECZEMA, Eczema —c.   Herpes,
Herpes.
  CYTISO-GENISTA, Spartium scoparium.
  CYTISUS  LABURNUM,  see Cytisina—c.
Scoparius, Spartium scoparium.
  CYTI'TIS, Scytltis,  Dermatitis, Dermltis,
Cutltis, Corii'tis, from  kvtis,  'the  skin,' and
itis,  'denoting inflammation.'  Inflammation  of
the skin.
  CYTOBLAST, Cystoblast,  from  kotos, 'cell,'
and  (iXaoros, 'germ.'  Cell-germ,  Ntlcleus, (F.)
Noyau.   A  granule,  from  which   all animal
and   vegetable   bodies  are  presumed  to  be
formed.   When  the nucleus or cytoblast forms a
cell, and is  attached to its walls, the  germinal
cell, thus  formed,  is  called a  nucleated  cell.
When the nucleus contains a simple  granule, tbe
latter is termed  a nucleolus, (F.) Nucleate, Nu-
clio/ule.
  CYTOBLASTE'MA; (F.) Cytoblasteme,  same
etymon.  Intercellular substance, Hy'aline sub-
stance,  Substantia  vilrea  seu hyal'ina, Matrix.
The gum or mucus in the vegetable, and probably
the liquor sanguinis after transudation  from thu
vessels  in the animal, in a state fully prepared for
the formation  of the  tissues. — Schwann  and
Schleiden.  By many, Blastema is preferred, in-
asmuch as it does not convey the idea of cellular
development.
  CYTOGENETIC, Cytogenelicus, (F.) Cytogi-
nitique, same etymon  as  the next.   Relating or
belonging to cell formation.
  CYTOG"ENY, Cytogerlesis, from  kvtos, 'cell.'
and  yeveats,  'generation.'  Cell  formation,  cell
genesis.
  CYTTAROS,  Glans.
    DACRYDION, Convolvulus seammonia.
    DACRYGELO'SIS, from iaKovur, 'I weep,'and
 yeXaur, 'I laugh.'  A kind of insanity,  in  which
 the patient weeps and lauirhs at the same time.
    DACRYH.EMOR'RHYSIS;  Sanguhleous La-
 chryrna'fion,  from SaKpv, 'a tear,' and 'uipoppvots,
 'hemorrhage.'   A flow of bloody tears.
    DACRYNOMA. Epiphora.
    DACRY'OADENALGIA. Da.-ryadenalgia.
    DACRY'OADENTTIS, Dacryadeuitis.
    DACRYOBLENNORRHOD'A, from SaKpvu. ' I
 weep,' fiXevva,  'mucus,' and pern, 'I  flow.'  Dis-
 charge of tears mixed with mucus.
    DACRYOCY'STAL'GIA, from <5a<cp»w. Tweep,'
 kvotis, ' a sac,' and aXyos, ' pain.'  Disease or pain
 in the lachrymal sac.
i    DACRYOCYSTIS, Lachrymal sac.
D. 
DACRYOCYSTITIS          27 1
DAPHNE
  DACRYOCYSTITIS, from SaKpvov,  'a tear,'.
and kvotis, 'bladder.'   Inflammation of the lacb- j:
ryinal sac.
  DACRYOCYSTOSYRINGOKATAKLEI'SIS; ,
from clacryocystis, the ' lachrymal sac,' ovptyl;, ' a
pipe,  a  fistula,'  and kutukXiiois, ' a  locking  up.'
A term, proposed by Diefl'enbach for the healing
of lachrymal  fistulae by transplantation.   The
operation consists in paring the edges of the fis-
tula, loosening the borders, and assisting  the re-
quisite tegumental  displacement by lateral  inci-
sions.
  DACRYO'DES, Lacrymo'sus, from 6aKpvur, 'I ',
weep.'  Resembling tears :—hence,  Ulcus dacry- j
o'dcs.  A saniovrs ulcer, a weeping sore.
  DAC'RYOLITE,  Dacryolithus,   Dac'ryolith,
(F.) Dacryolithe, from iaKpvia, ' I weep,' and XtQos,
' a stone.'  A concretion found  in the lachrymal
passages.
  DACRYOLITHI'ASIS;  same  etymon as the
last.  Tbe formation of concretions in the tears.
  DACRYO'.MA.   Same etymon.   The effusion
of tears, occasioned by an occlusion  of the puncta
lacrymalia.—Vogel.
  DACRYON, Tear.
  DACRYOPffi'US, from Salvia, T weep,'  and
rroteui, ' I make.'   A substance which excites the
secretion  of tears, — as the onion,  horse-radish,
garlic, Ac
  DAC'RYOPS, from SaKpvto, 'I weep,' and  wuV,
' the eye.'  A weeping  eye.  A tumefaction of
the lachrymal passages.
  DACRYOPYORRIKE'A, Pyorrhce'a  via'rum
lacryma'lium,  from iuKpv,  'a  tear,' irvov, 'pus,'
and pcor, 'to flow.'  A discharge  of tears mixed
with purulent  matter.
  DACRYORRHCEA,  Dacryrrhce'a,  Dacryor'-
rhysis, Dacryr'rhysis, from SaKpv, ' a tear,'  and
ecu, ' to flow.'  A morbid flux of tears.
  DACRYORRHYSIS, Dacryorrhcea.
  DACRYOSOLENI'TIS,  from SaKpv,  'a tear,'
owXnv, 'a canal,' and itis, denoting inflammation.
Inflammation  of the lachrymal ducts.
  DACRYOSYRINX, Fistula lacryinalis.
  DACRYRRHCEA, Dacryorrhcea.
  DACRYRRHYSIS, Dacryorrhcea.
  DACTYLETIIRA, Dactyllthra, from SoktvXos,
'a finger.'  A  name given by the ancients to  dif-
ferent topical applications, having the form  of a
finger, and proper for being introduced into the
throat to  excite  vomiting.
  DACTYLETUS,  Hermodactylus.
  DACTYL'ION, Dactylinm, (F.) Doigts palmis,
Webbed fingers,  from  SuktvXos, 'a  finger.'   The
union of  the fingers  with  each  other.  This af-
fection is generally congenital ; but it  may be
t.wing to  burns, ulcerations, inflammation of the
fingers,  Ac
  DACTYL'IOS, from  SuktvXos,  'a finger.'  A
troch  or  lozenge, when shaped like a finger.   The
anus.
  DACTYLITIS, Paronychia.
  DACTYLICS, from SuktvXios, annulus, 'a ring.'
  D.vctyi.'ius Aculea'tus.  A worm  of  a light
colour, annulated, cylindrical, but tapering sligh tly
towards both extremities, from two-fifths to four-
fifths  of an inch long, which has been  found in
the urine.
  DACTYLODOCHME, Dochme.
  DACTYLOSYM'PIIYSIS, from  SuktvXos.  'a
finger,'  and ovpipvois, 'union.'  Adhesion of the
fingers to each other.
  DACTYLOTHE'KE,  from SoktvXos, 'a  finger,'
and 6nKn,'a case or sheath.'  An instrument for
keeping  the fingers extended  when wounded.—
Ambrose  Pare.
  DAC'TYLUS, Dirf'itus,  'a finger.'    The
smallest  measure of the Greeks, the sixth part
of a foot.  Also, the Date.
   D.EDA'LEA  SUAY'EOLENS,  Bole'tus  seu
 Fungus Sal ids, Boletus disciiideus seu suaveolens,
 Fungus albus salig'neus, (F.) Agaric odorant, R„le(
 odorant.  Ord.  Fungi.  A chnmpignon, which
 grows  on the  trunks  of  old  willows.   It has a
 smell of anise, which  is penetrating and agree-
 able;  and" has  been  recommended in  phthisis
 pulmonalis in the  dose of a scruple four times a
 day.                             •
   D.EDALUS, Hydrargyrum.
   ILEDION,  Bougie.
   D^EMONIACUS. Possessed.
   D^EMONOMANTA, Demonomania.
   ILES. Tteda.
   DAFFING, Insanity.
   DAFFODIL, Narcissus pseudonarcissus.
   DAFFY'S  ELIXIR, Tinctura sennae compo-
 sita.
   DAFT, Insane.
   DAG, Stitch.
   DAISY, Chrysanthemum leucanthemum, Eri-
 geron Philadelphicum — d. Common, Bellis—d.
 Ox-eye, Chrysanthemum leucanthemum.
   DALBY'S   CARMIN'ATIYE.  A  celebrated
 empirical remedy,  much  used as a carminative
 for  children.   The following is a form for its pre-
 paration : (Magnesia alb. 7) ij  : ol. mentha piper.
 gtt. j ;  ol. muc. most-hat. gtt. iij ; ol. anisi, gtt. iij ;
 f/)icr. castor,  gtt. xxx ; tinct.  asafoetid, gtt. xv;
 tinct. opii, gtt. v; sp. pulegii, gtt. xv ; tinct. cur-
 dam, c. gtt. xxx;  aqua mentha pip.  ^ij.  M.)
 A Committee of  the  Philadelphia College  of
 Pharmacy recommend the  following  form: —
 (Aqua, Ox; Sacchar.  alb.  t^xxxij; Carbun. Po-
 tass. (^ss; Curb. Mag. $xij ;  Tinct. Opii. f^vj;
 Ol.  meuth. pip., Ol. Anethi Fcenicttl. aa l'Qij. il.)
   DALCOP, Idiot.
   DALTO'N'IAN.    An absurd  name  given  to
 one who cannot distinguish colours; because  the
 celebrated chemist Dalton had the defect.  See
| Achromatopsia.
   DALTONISM, Achromatopsia.
   DAMSON, Prunum  Damascenum — d. Moun-
 tain, Quassia  simarouba — d.  Tree, Prunus do-
 mestica.
   DANCE, see  Mania, dancing—d. St. John's,
 see  Mania, dancing — d. St. Vitus's, Chorea, see
 Mania, dancing.
   DANCING,'Salta'tio, (F.) Danse.  A kind  of
 exercise and  amusement,  composed of  a succes-
 sion of motions, gestures, and  attitudes, executed
i by measured  steps  to  the sound  of the voice  or
 musical instrument.  It is a healthy exercise.
   Dancing  Mania,  see   Mania,  dancing—d.
 Plague, see Mania,  dancing.
   DANDELION, Leontodon taraxacum.
   DANDRIFF, Pityriasis.
   DANDRUFF, Pityriasis.
   DANDY, Dengue.
   DANEVERT, MINERAL WATERS OF.   A
 spring, a  league and a half from Upsal, in Swe-
! den.  The waters contain  carbonic acid, holding
 in solution carbonate  of  iron, sulphate of iron,
 sulphates  of soda  and lime, chloride of sodium,
 and silica. It is frequently employed in medicine.
   DANEWORT, Sambucus ebulus.
   DANICH;  an  Arabic   word,  signifying  the
 weight of 8 grains.
   DANIEL'LIA THURTF'ERA.  The Frankin-
 cense Tree of Western Africa, which furnishes the
 product, termed African Frankincense.
   DANSE, Dancing—d. de St. Guy, Chorea-rf.
 de St. Witt, Chorea.
   DAOUNSETAN, see Urtica.
   DAPHNE,  Laurus.
   Daphne  Alpi'na,  Chamale'a,  Chama>ltB'«,
 Widow  w,,i/.   Ord.  Thymelseae.  Sex. Sijit.
 Octandria Monogynia. A  sort  of dwarf-olive.
 An  acrid, volatile,  alkaline principle  has been 
DAPIIXti BOISGENTIL      27 5       DAWLISII,  CLIMATE  OF
separated  from  the  bark  of  this plant  by M.
Yauquelin, to  which he has  given the  name
Daphni ne.  The plants of the genus owe  their
vesicating property to this  principle.
  DAPHNE BOISGENTIL, Daphne mezereum
— d. Flax-leaved,  Daphne gnidium — d.  Garou,
Daphne gnidium.
   Daphne Gnid'ium, D. panicula'ta,  Thymelce'a,
 Th.  Monspeliaca,  Thyniele'a,  Cneo'ron,  Spurge
Flax,  Flax-leaced Daphne.   The plant  which
furnishes  the  Garou Hark, (F.)  Daphni  Garou,
 Sain bois.  It is chiefly used, when used at all,
 for exciting irritation  of the  skin.   The Grana
 Giiid'ia, (see  Cnid'ia grana,) are acrid poisons,
 like all the plants of this  genus, when taken in
 quantity.   According to others,  the  garou bark
 and grana gnidia  are obtained from  the  daphne
 hiureola.
   Daphne Laureola, D. major,  Thymela'a lau-
 re'ula. The systematic name of the Spurge  Laurel,
 Luureola.  The bark  of this plant  has  similar
 properties to the last.
   Daphne Liottardi, D. laureola—d. Major, D,
 laureola.
   Daphne Meze'reum, D. Licjttar'di, Thymela'a
 naze'renin.  The systematic name of the  Mcze'-
 icon, Mezereum, Spurge  olive, (V.) Daphni Bois-
 gentil.  The  bark of  the  mezereon, Meze'reum,
 possesses analogous  properties to the  other va-
 rieties of Daphne.  It is considered stimulant and
 diaphoretic;  and, in large doses, is emetic.  It
 has been  employed in  syphilitic cases,  but its
 efficacy is doubtful.  Soaked in vinegar, — meze'-
 reum etcetu'tum, like the other varieties of daphne,
 it has been employed to irritate  the skin, espe-
 cially  to keep issues  open.
    Daphne Paniculata, D. Gnidium.
    DAPII NELxE'OX,  O'leum  Lauri'num,  from
 bityvi). ' the laurel or bay  tree,' and  cXatov,
  OH of Bay.
    DAPIININE, see Daphne Alpina.
    DAI!NFL, Lolium temulentum.
    DARSENI. Laurus cinnamomum.
    DARSINI, Laurus cinnamomum.
    DARSIS,  from Septa, 'I excoriate,' 'I  skin.'
 The Greek physicians seemed to have used this
 word  to  designate the  anatomical  preparation,
 which consists in removing the skin for exposing
 the organs covered by it.
    DARTA,  Impetigo — d. Excoriativa,  Herpes
 exedens — d. Maligna, Herpes exedens.
    DARTOS.   Same derivation :  Membra'na car-
 no'sa, Tu'nica muscula'ris seu rubicun'da scroti,
  T. dartos, Marsu'piuni musculo'sum ;  from Sapros,
 'skinned.'  A name  given  to the  second covering
 of the testicle, which the ancient anatomists con-
 ceived to be muscular, but which is merely areo-
 lar.   Its  external surface is towards the scrotum ;
 the internal  towards the tunica  vaginalis.  Fre-
 derick Lobstein and  Breschet  consider,  that it
 proceeds  from an expansion of the fibrous cord,
 known by the name Gubcrnaculum Testis.
    DARTRE,  Herpes,  Impetigo, Pityriasis — d.
  Crustacie, Ecthyma  impetigo — d. Crustaeie fia-
 rem-eiite, Porrigo lupinosa—d. Crotiteuse, Impetigo
 —d. Ecailleuse, Psoriasis—d. Fongueuse,  Ectby- I
 ma — rf. Furfuracie arrondie, Lepra, Lepra vul-
 garis— d. Furfuracie volante, Lichen,  Pityriasis
 — rf.  Phlyctino'ide,  IWpes  phlyctwnoides — d.
 Pu*tuleti*e vouperose, Gutta rosea—d. Pustnleuse
 thssimiuie. Acne—d. Pustnleuse  meutagra. Syco-
 sis— d. Rongeante, Herpes exedens: see  Estbio-
 menus—d.  S'pinmineusc  humidc, Eczema—d.
 ^['inniincuse lichino'idc, Psoriasis — d. Vive, Ec-
 lenia.
    DARTREUN  (V.),  Herpet'ic.  Participating
 in the characters of Dartre or Herpes.  Also, one j
 effected with  dartre.   Dartre has been used, at I
one time or other, for almost every disease of the
skin.   See Herpes.
  DAS'YMA, from Saovs,  'rough,'  'hairy.'  A
disease of the eye—the same  as trachoma, but
less in degree.—Aetius, Gorraeus.
  DAS'YTES.   Same etymon.   Roughness, par-
ticularly  of  the tongue and voice.   Hairiness,
Hirsn'ties.
  DATE, Palmnla, Dac'tylus,  Bal'anos, Phce'ni-
cos, the fruit of the Phoenix clactylif'era seu ex-
celsa, Palma dactylif era,  (P.) Datte.  The un-
ripe date  is astringent.   When ripe, it resembles
the fig.  The juice  of the tree is refrigerant.
  DATE  PLUM, INDIAN, Diospyrus lotus.
  DATTE, Date.
  DATURA, D. Stramonium.
  Datu'ra Sanguin'ea, Red Thorn Apple; called
by  the Indians of  Peru Huacacachu, Yerba  de
Huaca (huaca,  a grave) or Grave-plant, and Bo-
vachevo.   Ord.  Solanaceae.   A plant from which
the  Peruvian Indians  prepare  a narcotic  drink
called Tonga.
  Datu'ra Stramo'nium,  Stramo'nia, Barycoc'-
calon, Sola'num foe'tidum,  Stramo'nium,  S.  majus
album seu spino'sum seu vulga'tinn seu fiu'tidum,
Pomurn seu Malum spina'sum, A'u.r ruethel, Datu'-
ra, Dutro'a, Daty'ra,  Thorn  Apple, Apple of
Peru, Jamestown Weed, Jimston  or Jimpson Weed,
Stinkweed, (F.) Stramoine, Pornme ipineuse, En-
dormie,  Herbe   aux sorciers ou de diable.   Tho
leaves, Stramo'nii  Fo'lia,  the   seeds, Stramo'nii
Semen, and  the root, Stramo'nii Radix,  are tho
parts  used in medicine.  They are narcotic and
poisonous; are  given internally as narcotics and
antispasmodics: and applied externally as seda-
tives, in the  form of fomentation.  The seeds are
smoked like  tobacco, in asthma.  The dose of the
powder is. gr. j  to gr. viii.
  DATURINE, Diituri'na, Datu'ria, Datu'rium.
The  active principle of the Datura Stramonium,
separated by Brandes, a German chemist.  It has
not been  rendered available in  medicine.
  DATUR1UM, Daturine.
  DATY'RA, Datura stramonium.
  DAUCI RADIX, see Daucus Carota.
  DAUCITES VINUM.   Wine,  of which the
Daucus or Wild Carrot was an ingredient.   The
seeds were steeped  in must.  It was formerly used
in coughs, convulsions, hypochondriasis, diseases
of the uterus, Ac.
  DAUCUS CAXDIANUS, Athamanta cretensis.
  Daucus Caro'ta.  The  systematic name  of
the Carrot Plant;  Daucus, D.  sylves'tris sen vul-
ga'ris seu sati'vus,  Cancu'lis caro'ta, Pastina'ca
sylvestris tennifo'lia ofiicina'r-um, Ado'rion ; Or-
der,  Umbelliferae.   (Sc.)  Mceran,  Mirrot,  (F.)
Carotte;   Ord. Umbelliferaa.  The fruit,  Carota,
— (Ph. U.S.) — and the root,  Dauci radix,  have
been used in medicine.  Tbe  root  is sweet and
mucilaginous ;   and the seeds  have an aromatic
odour, and moderately warm, pungent taste.  Tbe
root  has  been  used, as an  emollient, to fetid and
ill-conditioned  sores.   Tbe seeds have been re-
garded as stomachic, carminative, and diuretic;
but they  have  little efficacy.   The seeds of tbe
wild  plant are, by some, preferred to those of the
garden.
  Daucus Creticus.  Athamanta  cretensis — d.
Cyanopus, Pimpinella magna — d.  Sativus,  I).
carota — d.  Seprinius,  Scandix cerefolium — d.
Svlvestris, D. carota—d. Vulgaris,  D.  carota.
  DA UPHINELLE,  Delphinium  staphisa-ria.
  DAVIDSON'S REMEDY FOR CANCER, see
Conium maculatum.
  DAVIER. Dentatrra.
  DAWLTSII,   CLIMATE  OF.  A town in De-
vonshire, frequented by phthisical invalids during
the winter.  It  is well  protei ted from northerly
winds, and also from  the violence of tbe  south- 
DAWPIT                 276            DECANTATION
westerly gales.  It offers, however, but  a con-
fined  space.
  DAWPIT, see Fatuitas.
  DAX, MIXERAL  WATERS  OF.   Dax is a
city two leagues from Bordeaux, where there are
four springs, that  are  almost purely  thermal;
containing only a very small quantity of chloride
of  magnesium, and sulphate of  soda and lime.
Temperature 76° to 133° Fahrenheit.
  DAY BLINDNESS, Nyctalopia.
  DAYMARE, Incubus vigilantium.
  DAYNETTLE, Lamium album.
  DAYSIGIIT, llemeralopia—d. Vision, Heme-
ralopia..
  DAZZLING, Cafiga'tio,  (F.)  Eblouissement.
A  momentary disturbance of sight, occasioned
either by the sudden impression of too powerful
a light, or by some internal cause ; as plethora.
  DE VENTRE  INSPICIENDO,  'of inspect-
ing the belly.'  Where  there is reason to suppose
that a woman  feigns herself pregnant, a writ  de
ventre inspiciendo  may be  issued to determine
whether she  be  so or  not.  Until recently,  in
England, the decision was left to twelve matrons
and  twelve respectable men, according  to the
 strict terms of the ancient writ.
   DEAD,  (Sax.)  «eao, Mor'tuus,  (F.) 3Iort.
Deprived of life, exanimate.
   DEAD HOUSE,  Morgue.
   DEADLY, Lethiferous, Mortal.
   DEADMEN'S BELLS. Digitalis.
   DEADNETTLE, Lamium album.
   DEAF:  same etymon  as  Deafness.   Snrdus,
 (F.) Sourd, (Sc) Dull.  Devoid of hearing.  Hard
 of  hearing.
   DEAF-DUMBNESS, Mutitas surdorum.
   DEAFNESS,  (Sax.  t>eap,) Sur'ditas, Copho'-
 sis, Dyseco'l a, Dysecce'a organ'ica, Baryecoi'a,
 Hardness ofi hearing,  Hypocopho'sis, Subsur'ditus,
 Bradycola, Bradyeeola, (F.) Surditi, Dur-eti de
 louie, Dysicie. Considerable diminution or total
 loss of hearing.  It may be the effect of acute or
 chronic inflammation of the internal ear, paralysis
 of the  auditory nerve  or its pulpy extremity, or
 of some  mechanical  obstruction to  the sonorous
 rays.   In most cases,  however, the cause of the
 deafness is not  appreciable, and  the  treatment
 has to be purely empirical.  Syringing  the ears,
 dropping in slightly stimulating oils, fumigations,
 Ac,  are tbe most likely means to afford relief.
   Deafness, Taylor's Remedy for, see Allium.
    DEALBATIO. Dealbation, Paleness.
   DEALBATION (F.), Dcalba'tio, Bleach'ing.
 Applied, particularly, to the whitening of bones
 for anatomical purposes.
    DEAMBULATIO, Walking.
    DEARCH, Nanus.
    DEARTTCULATIO, Diarthrosis.
    DEASCIATIO, Aposceparnismus.
    DEATH, (Sax. oea«,) (Sc.) Dede, Deid; Apo-
 bio'sis, Abio'sis, Extinc'tio, Ob'itus, Psychoraef'ia,
 Psychorrhaif'ia, Le'thum, Letuin, 3Iors, Inter'itus,
  Than'atos, Decease, (F.) Mart. Definitive cessation
 of all the functions, the aggregate of which consti-
 tute life.   Real Death, Apothana'sia, is distin-
 guished from asphyxia or apparent death—the lat-
 ter being merely a suspension of those same func-
 tions.  But it is often difficult to judge of such sus-
 pension, and the only certain sign of real death is
 the  commencement  of putrefaction.   At times,
 therefore, great caution is requisite to avoid mis-
 takes.   Death is  commonly preceded by some
 distressing symptoms,  which depend on lesion of
 respiration, circulation, or of the cerebral func-
 tions, and which constitute the agony.  That which
 occurs suddenly, and  without any, or with few,
 precursory signs,  is  called  sudden death.  It is
 ordinarily  caused  by  disease of the  heart, apo-
 plexy, the rupture of an aneurism, or by some
other organic  affection.  Death is  natural, (Se.)
Strae-death,\\hen it occurs as the result of disease;
violent, when  produced by some forcible agency,
It may likewise affect the whole body, or a part
only; hence the difference between somatic and
molecular death.
   The chief varieties of the modes of death may
be thus given :
                              ( Suddenly—Syn-
Death beginning at the heart, -I cope: Gradual-
                              ly Asthenia.
   "       "       in the lungs—Asphyxia.
   "       "       in the brain—Apoplexy.
                  in  the gray ( Paralysis of
   "       "       matterofthe-! pneumogastrics,
                  medulla,     (^ Ac.
   "       "       in the blood [?]—necrmmia.
   As it was  at  one  time conceived, with Bichat,
that death  must commence in  the heart,  lungs,
or brain, these  organs were called a'tria mortis,
'the halls of death.'
   Death, Apparent, Asphyxia.
   Death,  Black.  Pestis nigra, Black Plague,
(F.) I'este noire.   Tbe plague of the 14th century
was so called, which  is  supposed  to have proved
fatal in Europe to 25,000,000 of people.—Becker.
   Death of  Man, Cicuta maculata — d. Stiffen-
ing, Rigor mortis.
   DEBILIS, Infirm.
   DEBILTTANTS,   DcbiUtan'tia, Antidtjrwm'-
ica, Philadynam'ica, from  debilitare, itself from
tlebilis,  quasi  dehabilis, 'weak,' 'to  weaken.'
Remedies  exhibited  for the purpose  of reducing
excitement.   Antiphlogistics  are,  hence, debili-
tants.
   DEBILITAS, Debility—d. Erethisica, see Irri-
table —■ d. Nervosa,  Neurasthenia, see  Irritable
—d. Visus, Asthenopia.
   DEBIL'ITY,  Debilitas, Asthenia, Hyposthe-
ni'a, Blac'la, Anenerge'sia,  Anenergla,  Weak-
ness, (F.) Faiblcsse.   A condition,  which may be
induced by a number of causes.  It must not be
confounded  with fatigue,  which  is  temporary,
whilst debility is generally more permanent.
   Debility may be real, or it may be apparent;
and, in the management of disease, it  is important
to attend to this.  At the commencement of fever,
for example, there is often a degree  of apparent
debility,  which  prevents the use  of appiopriiite
means, and is tbe cause of much evil.  Excite-
ment is more dangerous than debility.
   DEBOITEMENT, Luxation.
   DEBORDEMENT  (F.),  from diborder  (de
and border),  ' to  overflow.'   A popular  term for
one or more sudden and copious evacuations from
the bowels.   It  is chiefly applied  to bilious eva-
cuations of this  kind—Dibordement de Bile.
   DEBRIDEMENT (F.), Frano'rum  snlit'tin,
 from (F.) dibrider (de and brider), 'to unbridle.'
 The removal of filaments,  Ac, in  a wound or
 abscess, which  prevent the discharge of pus.  In
 a more general  acceptation, it means tbe cutting
 of a soft, membranous, or aponeurotic part, which
 interferes with the  exercise  of any  organ what-
 ever; thus, in  paraphimosis, dibridement of the
 prepuce is practised  to put an end to the inflam-
 mation of the glans : in strangulated hernia, de-
 bridement of tbe abdominal  ring  is had recourse
 to, to remove tbe stricture of the intestine, &■<:■
   DECAGRAMME, from Siku, 'ten,' and ypnppa,
 'a gramme.' The weight of ten grammes, 154.31
 grains Troy.
   DECAM'YRON,  from Siku, 'ten,' and pvpoy,
 'ointment.'   An ancient cataplasm, composed «f
 malabathrum,  mastich, euphorbiiim, spikenard,
 styrax calamita, carbonate ofi  lime, common pep-
 per, unguentum nardi, opobalsamum, and vat.
   DECANTATION,  Decanta'tio, D'J'u'sio, 21c- 
DECAPITATIO ARTICULORUM   277
DECOCTION
tangism'os,  Catacllysis.  A pharmaceutical ope-
ration, which consists in pouring off, gently, by
inclining tho vessel,  any fluid which has left a
deposit.
  DECAPITATIO ARTICULORUM, see Resec-
tion.
  DK CAP IT A TION, Decollation.
  DKCAIMMUNIZATION, Hietnatosis.
  DECEASE, Death.
  DEOESSIO, Ecpiesma.
  BECHARNE, Demusculatus.
  DECllA PELLFMENT. An old French term,
employed by Par6 and others for  the operation
of cutting and removing, with a strong forceps,
tbe corona of a carious tooth, where  it is desired
to preserve the fang.
  DECUAUSSEMFNT (F.), (de and chausser.)
The state in which the  gums have fallen away
from the teeth, as in  those  affected by mercury,
in old  persons, Ac   Also, the operation of lanc-
ing the gums. See Gum lancet.
  DKCIIAUSSOIR, Gum lancet.
  DECII111UMENT, Laceration.
  DECUIRURE, Wound, lacerated—d. de I'Uti-
rtts. Uterus,  rupture of the.
  DECIDENTIA, Cataptosis, Epilepsy.
  DECIDUA, Decidua membrana.
  Dkcid'ua   Membra'na,  Decid'ua,  Decid'uous
Membrane,  from  decidere, ' to fall off,' (de  and
eadere.)  So called on account of its being consi-
dered  to be  discharged from the  uterus at partu-
rition.  A membrane, formerly defined to be the
outermost membrane of the foetus  in  utero;  and
still so defined by some—as by Dr. Lee.  Chaus-
sier calls it Epicho'rion.- by  others,  it has been
called  Membra'na cadu'ea Huuteri, M. fiocculerl-
ta seu  cellulo'sa  seu  sinuo'sa seu camniu'nis  seu
praexis'tens, Decidua externa seu spongio'sa,  Tu'-
nica exterior ovi seu  cadu'ea seu crassa, Mem-
bra'na cribro'sa seu ovi mater'na seu  muco'sa  seu
n-'teri  intcru'a evoht'ta,  Epio'ne, Plaecn'ta uteri
succcuturiu'tiis, Snbplacen'ta,  Nidarncn'tum,  An-
his'ttrus membrane, (F.)  Cudtique, C.  vraie, 3Iem-
brane  cadttqite, Epione,  Pirione ;—prior  to  the
time of tbe Hunters,  called Cho'rion  spongio'sum
seu loinento'suin  seu fiungo'surn  sou reticula'tum,
Ac, Tu'nica jilamento'sa, Shaggy  Chorion, Spongy
 Chorion, Ac  Great  diversity has prevailed re-
garding this membrane and its reflected portion.
It exists before the germ arrives in the uterus—
as it has been met with in tubal and ovarial preg-
nancies; and is  occasioned by anew action, as-
sumed by the uterine vessels at  the  moment of
conception.   Chaussier,  Lobstein,  Gardien, Vel-
peau, and others, consider  it to be a sac, without
apertures, completely lining the uterus, and  that
when  the ovum   descends through the tube, it
pushes the decidua before it, and  becomes enve-
loped  in it, except at the part destined to form
the placenta. That  portion of the  membrane
which  covers the ovum,  forms  the  Membra'na
tleciilua refiex'a. (F.) Caditque rijliehic, Mem-
brane caduque rifiiehie, according to them — the
part lining  the uterus being the Decidua  U'teri,
(F.) Caduque utirine.  Towards the end  of  the
fmrth  month, the decidua reflexa disappears.  The
very existence of a Tunica decidua  reflexa  has,
however, been denied.  This  last membrane has
received various  names.  Dr. Granville, regard-
ing it as the external membrane of tho ovum, has
termed it Cortex  ovi.  It  has also been  termed
litpolu'crum   membrana'c-tuni,  3lembra'na  rcti-
form'is cho'rii seu filament,'sa  seu  adt-entil'ia
seu crassa, Ovuline and  Decid'ua protrrlsa.   To
tbe membrane which, according  to Bojanus  and
others, is situate  between  the placenta and  the
uterus, and  which he considers  to be produced
 at a later period than the decidua vera, he gav
 the name membra'na decid'ua sero'tina.
   Histological researches seem to show, that the
 decidua is an  altered  condition  of the lining
 membrane of the uterus, with a whitish secretion
 filling  the uterine  tubular glands.  The  decidua
 reflexa is probably formed by the agency of  nu-
 cleated cells from the plastic materials thrown out
 from the decidua uteri; in  the  same  manner as
 the chorion is formed in the Fallopian Tube from
 plastic materials thrown out from its lining mem-
 brane.   That the decidua reflexa is not  a mere
 inverted portion of the decidua uteri is shown
 by the fact, that the  texture of the two is by no
 means  identical.
   Decidua Protrusa. Decidua reflexa.
   DECIDUOUS MEMBRANE, Decidua (mem-
 brana).
   DECIGR.AMME, Decigram'ma, from decimus,
 'the tenth  part,' and  ypappa,  'gramme.'  The
 tenth part of the gramme  in weight;  equal to a
 little less than two grains, French ;  1.543  Troy.
   DECIMA'XA  FEBRIS, from decern, 'ten.'
 An  intermittent, whose paroxysms  return every
 10th day or every 9 days.  It is supposititious.
   DECLAMATION, Dcclama'tio, from  de, and
 clamare, clamatum, ' to  cry out.'  The art of de-
 picting the sentiments by inflections of the voice,
 accompanied with  gestures, which render  the
 meaning of the speaker more evident, and infuse
 into  the minds of the auditors the emotions with
 which he is impressed.   Declamation may become
 the cause  of  disease: the modification, produced
 in the  pulmonary circulation, — accompanied  by
 the great excitement, sometimes experienced,—is
 the cause of many morbid affections; particularly
 of pneumonia,  haemoptysis,  and apoplexy.   In
 moderation, it gives a healthy excitement to  the
 frame.
   DECLTN, Decline.
   DECLTXATIO, Decline.
   DECLINE, Declina'tio, Inclina'tio,  Decre-
 men'tum, Remis'sio, Parac'me, Parac'masis, (F.)
 Diclin, from de, and clinarc, 'to bend.'   That
 period  of a  disorder or paroxysm,  at which  the
 symptoms begin to abate in violence.  We speak.
 also, of the decline of life, or of tbe powers, (F.)
 Diclin de lage, Wage de diclin, when the phy-
 sical and moral faculties lose a little of their ac-
 tivity and energy.   See Phthisis, and Tabes.
   DECLIVE, (F.) Decllvis, from de, 'from,' and
 cliviis,  'acclivity.'   Inclining downwards.  This
 epithet is applied to the most depending part of a
 tumour or abscess.
   DECOCTE,  Decoction.
   DECOCTION, Decoc'tio, from decoqnere,  'to
 boil,' (de and coquere, cocturn.) Epse'sis, Apoz'esis,
 Zesis, llepse'sis, Aphepsis, (F.)  Dicoction.  The
 operation of boiling certain ingredients in  a fluid,
 for the purpose of extracting the parts soluble at
 that  temperature.   Decoction,  likewise,  means
 the product of this operation, to which the terms
 Decoction, Zema, Aphepse'ma, Ap'ozem, Apoz'ema,
i ITepse'ma, Chylus and Epse'ma,  (F.) Dieocti, Hy-
; droli, Hydroh'te, have been  applied according to
 ancient custom, in order to  avoid any confusion
 between the operation and its product;—as pra-
 paratio is used for the act of preparing;  prapa-
 raturn,  for the thing prepared.
   Decoction of  Aloes, Compound,  Decoctum
 aloes compositum — d.  of Bark,  Decoctum Cin-
 chonas—d. of Bark, pale, see Decoctum Cinchonae
 — d. of Bark, red, see Decoctum Cinchonae — d.
 of Bark, yellow, see Decoctum  Cinchonae—d. of
 Barley,  Decoctum   hordei—d.  of Barley, com-
 pound, Decoctum hordei compositum—d.  Bitter,
 Decoctum amarum—d. of Broom, Decoctum soo-
 parii — d.  of  Broom,  compound, Decoctum  sco- 
DECOCTUM
278
DECOCTUM
parii compositum—d. of Cabbage  tree bark. De-
coctum geoffrasa' inermis—d. of Cassia, Decoctum
cassias — d. of Chamomile, Decoctum anthemidis
nohilis—d. of Cinchona, Decoctum Cinchonae—d.
of Cinchona, compound laxative, Decoctum kinic
kinae compositum etlaxans—d. of Colomba, com-
pound, Decoctum  Colomboe  compositum — d.  of
Dandelion, Decoctum Taraxaci—d. of Dogwood,
Decoctum Cornus  Floridae—d. of Elm bark, De-
coctum ulmi—d. of  Flaxseed,  compound, Decoc-
tum Lini compositum—d. of Foxglove, Decoctum
digitalis  — d. de Gayac composie, Ac, Decoctum
de  Guyaco  compositum — d. of Guaiacum, com-
pound,  Decoctum Guaiaci   compositum—d.  of
Guaiacum,  compound purgative,  Decoctum  de
Guayaco compositum — d.  of  Hartshorn,  burnt,
Mistura  cornu usti — d.  of Hellebore, white, De-
coctum veratri — d. of Iceland moss, Decoctum
cetrarue—d. of  Logwood, Decoctum haematoxyli
—d. of Marshmallows, Decoctum althaeas—d.  de
Mauve composie, Decoctum malvie crmpositutu—
d. of Oak  bark. Decoctum  quercfis— d. d'Orge,
Decoctum hordei—d. d'Orge composie, Decoctum
hordei compositum—d. of Pareira Brava, Decoc-
tum  Pareiraa — d. of Pipsissewa,  Decpotum chi-
maphilae—d. of Poppy,  Decoctum papaveris—d.
of Quince seeds, Dec-octum eydoniae—d.  de Quin-
quina composie  et laxative, Decoctum kinae kinae
compositum et  laxans — d. de Salsepareille com-
posie, Decoctum sarsaparillae compositum—d.  of
Sarsaparilla, Decoctum sarsaparillae — d. of Sar-
saparilla, compound, Decoctum sarsaparillae com-
positum—d. of  Sarsaparilla, false, Decoctum ara-
lise nudicaulis—d. of Squill, Decoctum scillae—d.
of Tormentil, Decoctum Tormentillae—d. of Uva
ursi, Decoctum  uvae ursi — d.  of the Woods, De-
coctum Guaiaci compositum—d. of Woody night-
shade, Decoctum  dulcamara— d. of Zittmann,
Decoctum Zittmanni.
   DECOCTUM, Decoction —d.  Album, Mistura
cornu usti.
   Decoctum   Al'oes  Compos'itum,   Decoctum
Aloes, Balsam  of Life,  Compound  Decoction  ofi
Aloes.   (Ext. glyc.  ,^cij, potass,  earb.  ^j,  aloes,
myrrha  contrit.: croci aa 3'ss> aqua Oiss  (Imp.
nicis.).  Boil to Oj : strain, and  add tinct. card.
c. ,^vij.  Pharm. L.)   The gum and extractive are
dissolved in this preparation.  The alkali is added
to take up a little of the resin.  The tincture pre-
vents it from  spoiling.  It is gently cathartic.
Dose, fgss to gij.
   Decoctum  AmruR'jR, 3fistura  Altha'a,  D.
 nlth a a  officina'lis:  Decoction   or  Mixture  of
3larsh-mitl/ows,  (F.)  Decoction  de  Gnimauve.
 (Rati, althaa  sice.  ^iv. uvar.  passar. ^ij, aqua,
 Ovij.  Boil  to  Ov.   Pour  off the  clear liquor.
Pharm.  E.)   It is used as a demulcent.
   Decoctum Ama'rum ; Bitter Decoction.  (Rad.
gent. 3J- eiqua Oijss.   Boil for a quarter  of  an
hour; add species  amara   3'J-   Infuse for two
hours and filter, without expressing. Pharm. P.)
It is tonic.   Dose, f^ss  to %\j.
   Decoctum Amyli, Mucilago amyli.
   Decoctum  Anthem'idis Nob'ilis, D. Chama-
me'/i;  Decoction  of Cham'omi/e.  (Fior. anthe-
mid. nobil. jfj, sem. carui   ^iv,  aqua  Ov.   Boil
for  fifteen minutes  and strain.   Pharm. E.)  It
contains bitter extractive and essential oil, dis-
solved in  water.  It is used,  occasionally, as a
vehicle  for tonic  powders,  pills,  Ac, and  in  fo-
mentations and glysters;  but for  the  last pur-
pose,  warm water  is  equally efficacious.  The
Dublin college  has a compound decoction.
   Decoctum  Ara'li.e Nudicau'lis ;  Decoction
of False Sarsaparilla.   (Aralia nudicaul. ^vj,
aqua Oviij.  Digest for four hours, and  'hen boil
to four pints : press out and strain the uecoction.
Former  Ph. U. S.)   It is  used as a stomachic,
I but it .s  an unnecessary and laborious prcpn-
 ration.
   Decoctum Cas'si.p. ; Decoction of Cassia. (Cas-
 sia pulp,  ^ij, aqua Oij.   Boil for a few minutes,
 filter  without expression, and add syrup, viol,,,-.
 3j, or manna put:  51,].   Pharm. P.)  It is lax-
 ative, in the dose of ^vj.
   Decoctum Cetra'ri.e, Decoctum Liehe'nis Is.
 land'ici, Decoction of Iceland Moss. ( Cetrar. :•**,
 aqua Oiss.  Boil to a pint, and  strain with com-
 pression.   Ph. U. S.)  It consists of bitter ex-
 tractive and fecula, dissolved in  water, and its
 operation  is tonic and demulcent.  Dose, f 5j  to
 ^iv.  It is also nutrient, but hardly worthy of
 the rank of an officinal preparation.
   Decoctum Cham^emeli, Decoctum  anthemidis
 nobilis.
   Decoctum Ciiimaph'il^;, Decoction of Pipsis'.
 seiva.  (Chimaph. contus. ^j, aqua Oiss.   B„i]  (0
 a pint, and strain.   Pharm.  U. S.)   A pint, may
 be given in the course of the twenty-four hours.
   Decoctum  Cincho'n/E, D.  Cor'tids Cinchona
 seu  Kina  Kina, Decoction of  Cinchona or of
 Bark.  (Cinehon. cort. contus. ^j- aqua Oj.  Roil
 for ten  minutes, in a slightly-covered vessel, and
 strain while hot.   It contains quinia and resinous
 extractive, dissolved in water. Long coction oxy-
 genates and precipitates the  extractive.  It can
 be  given,  where the powder  does not sit easy,
 Ac.   Dose, f^j  to (^iv.
   The Pharmacopoeia  of the United  States has a
 Decoctum  Cinchona jlara. Decoction of yeilnm
 bark, and a Decoctum  Cinchona rubra. Decoction
 of red bark, both of which are prepared as above.
 The  London, Edinburgh, and  Dublin  Colleges
 have a  Decoctum Cinchona pallida, Decoction of
 Pale  Bark.
   Decoctum Colom'BjE  Compos'itum; Compound
 Decoction of Colombo.   (Colornb. contus., quassia,
 aa  J5'j>  cort. aurant. %j, rhej pulv.  ^j> potassa
 carbonat.  3SS aqua X xx. Boil  to  a pint, and
 add  tinct.  lavand.  f^ss.  Former  Ph.  U. S.)
 Given as  a tonic, but  not  worthy  an  officinal
 station.
   Decoctum Commune pro Clystere, D. ninlvre
 compositum — d.  Cornu  cervini,  Mistura  cornu
 usti.
    Decoctum  Cornus  Flor'ida, Decoction of
 Dogwood.   (Cornus Florid, cont. £j, al)"a ty-
 Boil  for  ten  minutes in a  covered  vessel, aod
 strain while hot.  Pharm. U. S.)   Dose, f'o'ss-
    Decoctum  Cydo'ni/E,  Mncila'ijo Sem'in is Cy-
 do'tu'i Mali seu Sem'imtm Cydonio'rum ; Deeoc
 tion  or 3Iu'cilage of  Quince seeds.  (Cyibmia
 sem.  3pj, aqua Oj.   Boil for ten minutes over a
 gentle fire, and  strain.  Pharm. L.)   It is merely
 a solution of mucilage in water, and is used as a
 demulcent.
    Decoctum  Daphnes  Meze'rei, Decoctum )fr--
 ze.'rei,  Decoction  of 3Ieze'reon.    (3Iezerei, 3'ii
 gfycyrrh.  cont. if),  aqua Oij.  Boil over a gentle
 fire to Oiss, and strain.   Ph. E.)  The acrimony
 of  the mezereon and the saccharine  mucilage  of
 the liquorice root are  imparted to the water.  It
 is  somewhat stimulant, and has been used  in
 secondary  syphilis;  but is  devoid of power.
 Dose, f(^iij to ^vj.
    Decoctum Diaphoreticum, D. Guaiaci compo-
 situm—d. pro Enemate,  D. malvae compositum.
    Decoctum Digita'lis, Decoction of Vox-tfiore.
 (Fol. digit, sice, ^j, aqua q. s. ut colentur f^v'ij,
 Let the liquor begin to  boil  over a slow fire, and
 then remove it.  Digest for fifteen minutes, and
 strain.  Pharm. D.)   It possesses the properties
 of  the plant.  Dose, f^ij to giij.
    Decoctum Dulcama'r;e, Decoction of Wim'hl
1 Nn/htshade.  (Dulcamara cont.  ^j, aqms Oiss.
I Boil  to  Oj, and  strain.   Pharm.  U. S.)  This de-
I coction has been considered diuretic and diapho- 
DECOCTUM
279
DECOCTUM
retic,  and has been  administered extensively in
skin diseases.  It is probably devoid of efficacy.
  Decoctum pro Fomento, D. papaveris.
  Decoctum  Geofeu.e'.e Inerm'is;  Decoction
of Cabbage-Tree Bark.   (Cort. geoffr. inermis, in
pulv.  3J. Aqua  Oij.   Boil over  a slow fire to a
pint, an 1 strain.  Pharm. E.)   It is possessed of
anthelmintic, purgative,  and  narcotic properties,
and has been chiefly used for the first  of these
purposes.   Dose, to children,  f^ij — to  adults,
15 s*  to 3 ij.
   Dkcoctijm  Guai'aci Compos'itum, D. Guaiaci
nfie in a'I is  compos' itttm  seu Lit/no' ruin  seu  de
 Ginpteo compos'itum seu sudorif icum seu diapho-
ret'ic um; Compound decoction of Guaiacum, De-
coction of the  Woods.  (Lign. guaiac. rasur. 3''.i-
 fruct. sice, litis vinifer.  X\),  rod.  lartri. sassafr.
ootids., rod. glycyrrh. aa 3J> aqua  Ox.   Boil the
 GimUcuin  and  raisins over a  slow  fire to Ov:
 adding tbe roots  towards the end, then  strain.
 Pharm. E.)  It is possessed of stimulant proper-
 tics, and has been given in syphilitic, cutaneous,
 and  rheumatic   affections.    The  resin  of the
 guaiacum is, however, insoluble in  water, so that
 the guaiac wood in it cannot be supposed to pos-
 sess  much, if any, effect.  The  Parisian  Codex
 has a
   Decoctum de Giiyaco Compos'itum  et Pur-
 gans, (F.) Decoction de  Gayac Composie et Pur-
 gut ire ;  Compound purgatire  Decoction of Guai-
 acum.  (Lign. guaiac. rasp., rad. sarsap. aa, 3.1-
 potass, carbonat.  gr. xxv.  Macerate for  twelve
 hours, agitating occasionally, in router Oiv, until
 there remain  Oiij.   Then intuse in it fiol. senna
 gij, rhej JJj,  lign. sassafr., glycyrrh. rail, aa ,5'j<
 um. cnriauil. £j.  Strain  gently, suffer it to settlo,
  ind  pour off the clear supernatant liquor.  The
  jtle  sufficiently indicates the properties  of the
 join position.
    Decoctum  II.-ematox'yli,  Decoction of Log-
 wood.  (Haniato.ryl. rasur. 3J-  aqua Oij.  Boil
 V) a pint, and strain.  Pharm. U. S.)
    Decoctum Hellebori Albi,  D.  veratri.
    Decoctum  Hor'dei.  Decoctum  Hordei Dis'-
 tielti, Ptis'ana  Hippocral ica,   Tipsa' ria,  Tap-
 la'ria, A-put  Hordca'ta, Hydroeri'the, Barley
  Water,  Decoc'tion  of   Barley. (F.)  Decoction
 d'Orge, Tisane  Commune.   (Hard,   ijij. Aqua
  Oivss. Wash  the barley well, boil  for  a few
 minutes in water Oss :  strain this, and throw it
  away, and add  the  remainder,  boiling.  Boil  to
  Oij, and strain.   Pharm. L.)   It is nutritive and
 demulcent, and  is chiefly used as a common drink,
 and  in glysters.
    Dkcoc'tum  Hordei  Compos'itum,  Decoctum
  peelura'te. Mist lira  Hor'dei, Ptis'ana commilnis ;
  Compound.  Decoction  of Barley, (F.)  Dieoction
 d'Orge  composie.   (Decoct,  hord.  Oij,  cariea
  fruct. coneis. 3iiss, glycyrrh. rad.  concis. et con-
 tus. 3vj. uvaritm pass, demptis acinis. 3ijss, aqua
  Oj.  Boil to Oij, and strain.  Pharm. L.)  It has
 similar properties to the last.
    Decoctum  Kin.e Kin^e, D. Cinchona?.
    Decoctum  Kin.e Kin.*: Compos'itum et Lax-
  Ans, Dieoction de quinquina composie et laxative ;
  Compound lax'ative decoction of Cinchona.  (Cort.
 cinchon. ^ j, aqua Oij.   Boil for a quarter of an
 hour, remove it from  the fire; then infuse in it,
 for half an hour, fiol. senna, soda sulph. aa 5Jij :
 add  syrup, de sennd f.'j.)  Its title  indicates its
 properties.
    Decoctum  Liciienis  Ist.andici, Decoctum Ce-
 trariie—d. Lignorum, D. Guaiaci compositum.
    Decoctum  Lini Compos'itum, Compound De-
  lontion of Flaxseed.  (Lini 3J, Glycyrrhiz. con-
 lus. (^ss. aqua  Oiss.  Boil for  ten minutes, and
 itniin.  Ph. D.)
    Decoctum  Malv.e  Compos'itum,  Decoctum
 pro  enenlate seu commit'tie pro clyste're y Com-
 pound Decoction of Mallow, (F.)  Dieoction de
 3Tauve composie.  (3Ialva exsicc. ^j, anthemid.
 fior. exsicc. ^fss.  aqua Oj.  Boil for fifteen minutes
 and strain.)  It  consists of bitter extractive, and
 mucilage in water, and is chiefly used for clysters
 and fomentations.   It is unworthy a place in the
 pharmacopoeias.
   Decoctum  Mezerei,  D. daphnes mezerei.
   Decoctum   Papav'eris,  Decoc'tum  pro  F<>-
 men'to,  Fofus commilnis; Decoction of  Poppy.
 (Papav. somnif. capsul. concis. ,^iv, aqua  Oiv.
I Boil for fifteen minutes, and  strain.   Pharm. L.)
 It contains the narcotic principle of the poppy,
 and  mucilage in water:  is anodyne and  emol-
 lient, and employed as such  in fomentation, in
 painful  swellings, ulcers, Ac
    Decoctum   Parei'r.e,  Decoction of  Pareira
| Brava.   (Pareir.  brav.  £x,  Aq.  destillat Oiss,
| (Imp. meas.)  Boil to a  pint and strain.  Dose,

    Decoctum Pectorale, D. hordei compositum
 —d. Polygalm Senegae, D. Senegae.
    Decoctum   Quercus Alb.e, D.  Quercus TsV-
 boris ; Decoction of White Oak Bark.  (Quercfis
 c"rt-]$h aqua Oiss.  Boil to a pint, and  strain.
 Pharm.  U. S.)   It is  astringent,  and  used as
 such, in injections, in leucorrhoea, uterine hemor-
 rhage, Ac, as well as in the  form of fomentation
 to unhealthy ulcers.
    Decoctum SarSjE, Decoctum Sarsaparillae.
    Decoctum Sarsaparil'l^e, D. Smllacis Sar-
 saparilla,  D. Sarsa, D. Sarza;  Decoction of
 Sarsajiaril/a.  (Sarsaparill. rad. concis. ^v, aq.
 fervent. Oiv. (Imp. meas.)   Macerate   for  four
 hours near the  fire, in a lightly-covered vessel;
 then  bruise  the root;  macerate again  for two
 hours :  then  boil to Oij, and strain.   Pharm. L.)
 It contains  bitter extractive, and mucilage in
 water;  is demulcent, and  has been used, although
 it is  doubtful with what  efficacy, in the sequelm
 of syphilis.  Dose, f^iv to Oss.
    Decoctum Sarsaparilla Compos'itum: Com-
 pound Decoction of Sarsaparilla, (F.) Decoction
 de Salsepaveille Composie.   (Sarsaparill.  conci".
 et contus ^vj, Sassafr. Cort. concis., Lign. Guaiac.
 rasur., Rail.  Glycyrrhiz.  contus., aii ^j,  Mezerei,
 concis. 3''j> Aqua Oiv.  Boil fifteen minutes, and
 strain.   Pharm. U. S.)   This is considered to b>
 possessed of analogous properties to the celebrated
 Lisbon Diet-Drink, Decoc'tumLusitarlicum, which
 it resembles  in composition.
    Decoctum Sarza:, Decoctum Sarsaparillas.
    Decoctum Scilla ; Decoction of Squill.  (Scil-
 la, .^iij, juniper, ^iv,  Senega, 5iij. Aqua  Oic.
 Boil  till one  half the liquor is consumed;  strain,
 and  add spirit of nitrous ether, f ^iv.   Former
 Pharm. U. S.)  Dose, f|ss.
    Decoctum  Scopa'rii,  Decoction of  Broou
 (Scopar. exsiccat. 'ss, (avoirdupois); Aqua Oss.
 (Imp. meas.)  Boil for ten  minutes and  strain.
 —Ph. D.)
    Decoctum Scopa'rii Compos'itum, D. Scoparii
 (Ph.E.), Compound Decoction of Broom (Scopni-.,
 Jnnip. cont., Taraxac. cont., ati ^jss; Aq. destillat.
 Oiss, (Imp. meas.)  Boil to a  pint, and  strain.
 Ph. L.)  Dose,  half a  pint to a pint, in  the day;
 as a  diuretic, in dropsy.
    Decoctum Sen'eg.^.-D. Pofyg'ala Senega ; De-
 coction  of Senega.  (Sencg.  cont. ^j, aqua Oiss.
 Boil  to Oj, and  strain.  Ph.  U. S.)   It is reputed
 to be diuretic, purgative, and  stimulant, and has
 been given in dropsy, rheumatism, Ac.
    Decoctum  Smilacis Sarsaparillae, D. sarsa-
 parillae—d. Sudorificum,  D. Guaiaci compositum.
    DECOCTUM TARAX'ACI. Decoction of Dandelion.
 (Taraxac. contus. 'iv,  aqua Oiss.   (Imp. meas.)
 Boil  to a pint, and strain. Ph. L.)  Dosef'3iss.
    Decoctum  Tormentii.'l.e. Decoction  of  Tor-
 mentil.   (Tormentil.cont.^ij, Aqua destillat. Oiss. 
DECOLLATION            2
(Imp. meas.)  Boil to a pint, and strain.  Dose,
as an astringent, one or two fluid ounces.
  Decoctum Ulmi, D.  Ulmi Campes'tris, Decoc-
tion of Elm Bark.   ( Ulmi cort. recent, cont. 3 iiss,
aqua Oij. (Imp. meas.)  Boil to Oj, and strain.
Ph. L.)  It is a reputed diuretic,  and has been
used in lepra and  herpes : but, probably, has no
efficacy.  Dose, f3iv to Oss.
  Decoctum Uv.e Ursi, Decoction of uva ursi.
(Uva ursi, 3J, ai/tta, f.'xx.   Boil  to a pint and
strain.  Ph.  U.  S.)   Dose, f^iss.
  Decoctum Vera'tri, Decoctum Helleb'ori albi;
Decoction of White Hellebore.  ( Verafri rad.
tout.  3J,  aqua Oij,  spir. rec.  f3'j-   Boil the
watery  decoction to Oj, and, when  it is cold, add
the spirit.  Pharm. L.)  It  is stimulant, acrid,
and cathartic; but is used only externally.   It
is a  useful   wash  in tinea  capitis, psora, Ac.
Should it excite intense pain on being applied, it
must  be diluted.
  Decoctum Zittman'ni, Zitt'mann's  Decoction.
A most absurd farrago, extolled by Theden  in
venereal diseases,  the formula for which, accord-
ing to Jourdan,  " some blockheads have lately
reproduced among us as a novelty."  It is  com-
posed  of sarsaparilla,  pulvis stypticns, calomel
and cinnabar, boiled in water with aniseed, fennel
seed, and liquorice root.   A stronger and a weaker
decoction were directed by Zittmann.   Formulae
for  its  preparation  are contained  in  Jourdan's
Pharmacopoeia Universalis; and in Lincke's Voll-
hi'andiges llecept-Taschenbuch.   Leipz., 1841.
  DECOLLATION, Decapita'tion, Decapita'tio,
Obtrtinea'tio, from de  and  collum, ' the neck.'
The act of separating the head from  the trunk,
by the section of the neck, as in cases of-dystocia.
  DEGOLLEMENT, (F.)  Deglntina'tio,  (from
tie and culler, 'to glue.')  The state of an  organ
that is  separated  from  the  surrounding  parts,
owing to  destruction of the areolar membrane
which  united them.  The skin  is  dicollie, i.  e.
separated  from the subjacent parts, by a burn,
subcutaneous abscess, Ac
  DECOLLEMENT DU  PLACENTA is the
separation or detachment of the  whole or a part
of the placenta from the inner surface of the ute-
rus.   Dicollement, from de,  'from,' and collum,
■  the neck,' obtrunca'tio, also means the separa-
tion of the head of the foetus from the  trunk, the
latter remaining in the  uterus.
  DECOLORATION,  Decolor a'tio, Discolora'-
tio, from de,  'from,' and colorare, coloratum, 'to
colour.' Loss of the natural colour;  Parachro'sis.
Devoid  of colour—Achroma'sia.
  In Pharmacy, any process  by which liquids, or
solids in solution,  are deprived wholly or in part
of their colour,—as  by bringing them  in contact
with animal  charcoal.
  DECOMPOSEE (F.), from  de,  'from,' and
componere,  compositum,  ' to  compose.'  Decom-
po'sed,  Dissolu'tus.   An epithet, applied to the
face when extensively changed in its expression
and colour; as in the choleric or moribund.
  DECORTICATION,  from  de,  'from,'  and
ortex,  corticis,  '  bark.'  An operation,  which
consists  in   separating  the  bark from  roots,
stalks, Ac
  DECOSTIS,  Ajilcn'ros, from de, priv., and
casta,  'a rib.'  One who has no ribs.
  DECREMENTUM, Decline.
  DECREPIT, see Decrepitude.
  Y>KVREP'lTUDE,Decre/,itildo,AEtasdecrep'i-
ta,  Ultima senec'tus,  Senec'ta decrep'ita seu ex- '
tre'ma seu  sumina  seu  ultima,  from decrepitus,
(de, and crepere, crepitnm, ' to creak,') 'very old.'
The last period of old  age, and  of human  life ;
which ordinarily occurs about the eightieth year.
It may, however,  be accelerated or protracted.
0             DEFENSIVUM
 Its character consists  in the  progressive scries
 of phenomena which announce  the approaching
 extinction of life.  One in this stage of existence
 is said to be decrep'it, decrep'irus, (F.) decripit.
   DECRETORII DIES, Critical days.
   DECU'BITUS, from decumberc,  (de, nnd cm-
 here, cubitum, 'to lie,') 'to  lie down.'  Cuba'tin.
 Lying down.  Assuming the horizontal posture,
 cu'bitus supi'rrus ; (F.) Coucher.   Hord decubitus,
 ' at bed time.'  The French say—Decubitus hori-
 zontal, sur le dos, stir  le coti,  for, lying in the
 horizontal posture, on the back or side.
   DECURTATUS, petovpoc,  or pttovpifav,  from
 de,  and  curt us,  'short,' 'shortened, curtailed,'
 'running to a point.'  When applied to the pulse,
 it signifies a progressive diminution in the strength
 of the arterial pulsations, which, at last, cease.
 If the pulsations return and gradually acquire all
 their strength, it is called Pulsus dccttrtu'tus re-
 cip'rocus.—Galen.
   DECUSSATIO, Decussation —d. Pyramidum,
 see Corpora pyramidalia,
   DECUSSATION, Decnssa'tio, Chias'mos, In-
 crucia'tio, Intersec'tio, Intricatu'ra, from decussis,
 that is, decern asses ; also, the figure of the letter
 X.  Union in the shape of an X or cross.  Ana-
 tomists use this  term chiefly in  the  case of the
 nerves — as the  decussation of the  optic nerves,
 which cross each other within the cranium.
   Decussation of  the Pyramids, see Corpora
 pyramidalia.
   DECUSSO'RIUM. from decutio, decussiim, (de,
 and  quatio,)  'I  shake  down,' (F.) Dicussoire.
 An instrument used by the ancients,  for depress-
 ing the dura mater, and  facilitating the exit of
 substances effused  on or under  that membrane.
 It is described  by Scultetus,  Pare, Ac.   See
 Meningophylax.
  DEDAIGNEUN, Rectus superior oculi.
  DEDE.  Death.
  DEDENTITION, see Dentition.
  DEDOLATION, Dedola'tio, from dedolt,re,(de,
 and  dolare, dolatum,) 'to cut and hew with an
 axe.' This word has been  used by surgeons to
 express  the action by which a cutting instrument
 divides obliquely any part of the body, and pro-
 duces a wound with  loss of substance.  It is com-
 monly on  the head, that wounds by dedolation
 are observed.   When there was a complete sepa-
 ration of a portion  of  the bone  of the cranium,
 the ancients called it Aposceparnis'mns.
  DEERBALLS, Elaphomyces granulatus.
  DEERBERRY, Gaultheria, Vaccinium stami-
 neum.
  DEERFOOD, Brasenia hydropeltis.
  DEERS' TEARS, Bezoar of the Deer.
  DEFATLLANCE, Syncope.
  DEFECATION, Defiaca'tio, from de, and/a*-,
 PI. faces,  'excrement.'  The act by which the
 excrement is extruded from the body.  Caea'tio,
 Excre'tio alci seu alvi'na seu facum alvina'rum,
 Dcjec'tio  alvi,  Seecs'sio,  Expnl'sio  seu Ejec'tio
 facum, Apago'ge, Hypochore'sis, Ecchore'sis, Ec-
copro'sis, Eges'tio.   The faeces generally accumu-
late in the colon, being  prevented by the annulua
at the top  of the rectum from  descending freely
into  that intestine.   In producing  evacuations,
 therefore, in obstinate constipation,  it is well, by
 means of a long tube, to throw the injection into
the colon.
  In Pharmacy, defecation means the separation
of any substance  from  a liquid in  which it may
 be suspended.  See  Clarification.
  DEFECTIO ANIMI. Syncope.
  DEFECTUS  LOQUEL^], Aphonia-d. Ve-
neris, Anaphrodisia.
  DEFENSI'VUM.  from defiendere, defensutn,
'to defend,' (F.) Difiensifi.  A preservative or de-
fence.  The old surgeons gave this name to dif- 
DEFERENS               281                DELAPSIO
fcrcnt local applications,  made to diseased parts,  j
lur  the  purpose of guarding them from the im-
pression of extraneous bodies,  and particularly
from tin- contact of air.
  DEF'ERENS, from defero, (de, and ferre,) 'I
bear away,' 'I transport.'
  Deferens, Vas, Ductus seu Cana'lis deferens,
 Yibra'lor, (F.) Conduit spermatique, Canal  seu
 Conduit liferent,  is the  excretory canal of the
 sperm,  which  arises  from  the  epididymis,  de-
 scribes numerous convolutions,  and with the ves-
 sels and nerves of the testicle concurs in the for-
 mation of the spermatic chord, enters the  abdo-
 minal ring, and  terminates in  the  ejaculatory
 duct.
   DEFIBRINATED, Defibrinizcd.
   DEFIBRINATION, see Defibrinized.
   DEFIB'RIMZED,  (F.) Difibrini, Defib'ri-
 nated.  From tic, and fibrin. Deprived of fibrin.
 A  term applied  to blood from which  tbe fibrin
 has been  removed, as by whipping.  The  act of
 removing fibrin from the blood has been termed
 defibrination.
    DEFIGURATIO, Deformation.
    DEFLAGRATION, Defiagra'tio,  from defia-
 grare,  (de, and fiagrare, flagratum, ' to burn,')
 ' to set on fire.'   In pharmacy, the rapid combus-
 tion of a substance with flame; great elevation
 of temperature ; violent motion, and  more  or less
 noise.   Thus, we speak of the deflagration of
 nitrate, and  of  chlorate,  of  potassa, of gun-
 powder, Ac.
    DEFLISTENS, Derivative.
    DEFLECT 10,  Derivation.
    DEFLORA TION, Stuprum.
    Deflora'tion,  Depuci/a'tion,  Depudica'tion,
  Devirgina'tion, Dc/lora'tio, Devirgina'tio, Vir-'-
  ijiuis vitia'tio, Yirgin'itas defiora'ta, from  de/lo-
  resccrc, (de,  and Jlorescere,) 'to  shed flowers.'
  The act of depriving  a female  of her virginity.
  Inspection of tbe parts is the chief criterion of de-
  floration having been forcibly accomplished; yet
  inquiry must be made,  whether the injury may
  not have been caused by another body than the
  male organ.   Recent defloration is infinitely more
  easy of detection  than where  some  time  has
  elapsed.
    DEFLUVIUM.  Aporrhoea —d.  Capillorum,
  Alopecia—d. Pilorum, Alopecia.
    DEFLUXIO, Catarrh, Defluxion, Diarrhoea—
  d. Catarrhalis. Influenza.
    DEFLl'XTON,  Definx'io,  (de,   and  fiuere,
  ffiixum,  ' to flow.')  Defiux'us, Catar'rhysis. Ily-
  por'rhysis,  Catar'rhus.   A falling  down  of hu-
  mours from a superior to an inferior part.  It is
  sometimes used svnonvmouslv with inflammation.
     DKFLVNUS DYSENTERICUS, Dysentery.
     DEFORMATION, Dcformatio, Cucomor'phia,
   Cacirnmrpho'sis,  Dysmor'jihe,  Dysmor'jihia, Dys-
  morpho'sis, Di farm'itas, Inform'itas, Dtjigura'tio,
  Disfignrtltion, Deform'ity, (F.) Difformiti, from
  de, nud forma.   Morbid alteration  in the form
  of some part of the body,  as of the head, pelvis,
  spine, Ac.  A deformity may be natural or acci-
  dental.
     DE'FRUTl'M, for Defervitum, (de, and ferveo,
  'I boil.')   (P.)  Yin  cnit.  Crape  must, boiled
  down to one half and used as a sweetmeat.—Plin.
  Columcll. Isidor.  See Rob.
     DFITRFURATIO, see Desquamation.
     DEFFS10, Decantation.
     DEGENER.V1T0, Degeneration — d. Adiposa
  Cordis. Steatosis cordis.
     DEGENERATION, Degcneratio, Notheu'sis,
  ■Yothi'a,  from degeucr,  ' unlike one's ancestors,'
  (<'c, and  genus,  generis, ' family,') Degen'eracy, I
  (F.) Dcjinirution, Abatardissement.   A  change ,
  for the worse—degradation—in the intimate com- .
  position of the  solids  or fluids of the body.  In ii
pathological  anatomy,  degeneration  means  the
change which occurs in the structure of an organ,
when transformed into a matter essentially mor-
bid ; as a cancerous, or tubercular, degeneration.
  Digiuirescence is, by the French pathologists,
employed synoii3-inously with Degeneration.
  DEGENERESCENCE,   Degeneration —d.
Grttisseuse tin Foie, Adiposis hepatica — d. Gra-
nulie du Rein,  Kidney, Bright's disease of the—
d. At>ire, Melanosis.
  DEGLUTTNATIO, Dicollement.
  DEGLUTTTIO, Deglutition—d. Difficilis, Dys-
phagia.—d. Impedita, Dysphagia—d. Ltesa, Dys-
phagia.
  T)F,'il,V,TlT"lC)S,Dcglutil'io.Catap'osis,from
de, and glutire, glutitum, 'to swallow.'   The  act
by  which  substances are passed from the mouth
into the stomach, through the  pharynx and oeso-
phagus.   It  is  one of a complicated character,
and requires the aid of a considerable number of
muscles; the first  step being  voluntary, the  re-
mainder  executed  under spinal and involuntary
nervous influence.
   DEGMUS,  Dc-is,  Morsus,  (F.)  Morsnre, — a
bite in  general, Anypoi, from Sukvut, ' I bite.'   A
gnawing sensation about the upper  orifice of  the
stomach, which was once attributed  to acrimonj
 of the liquids contained in that viscus.
   DEGORCEMENT, Disgorgement.
   DEGOUT,  Disgust.
   DEGRADATION, Degeneration.
   DEGREE', from degri, originally from gradus,
 'a step.'  A title conferred by a college,—as the
 ' degree of Doctor of Medicine.'   Galen  used this
 expression to indicate the  qualities of  certain
 drugs.    Both he and his  school admitted cold,
 warm,  moist, and  dry medicines, and  four  dif-
 ferent ' degrees' of each of those qualities.  Thus,
 Apium was  warm  in  the first degree, Agrimony
 in the second, Roche Alum in  the third, and Gar-
 lic in the fourth.   L'edegar was cold in  the first,
 the flower of the Pomegranate in the second, the
  Sempervivum in the third, Opium in the fourth,
  Ac.  The French  use the term degri to indicate,
  1. The intensity of an affection : as a burn of the
  first, second, third degree, Ac. 2. The particular
  stage of an  incurable disease, as the third degree
  of phthisis, cancer of the stomach, Ac.
    DEGUSTATION. Degusta'tio, from de,  and
  gnstare, gustatum, ' to taste.'   Gustation.   The
  appreciation of sapid qualities  by the  gustatory
  organs.
    DEHIS'CENCE,  Dehiscen'tia, from dehiscere
  (de, and hiscere 'to  gape'), 'to break  open  in
  chinks.'  Separation of a shut organ along the
  line of union.   A regular and determinate sepa-
  ration,  which takes place in a shut organ.
    DEICTICOS, Index.
    DEID, Death.
    DEIL'S  SNUFFBOX, Lycoperdon.
    DEIRONCl'S,  Bronchocele.
    DEJECTEDNESS, Depression.
    DEJECTIO  ALVI,  Defecation — d.  Alvina,
  Excrement.
    DEJECTION, from  dejicere.  dejeetnm  (de,
  and jacere.) 'to cast down.' Dejcc'lio, Sub,I no'tio,
  Hypago'ge, Hypochore'sr's, Hypcchore'sis, Apop'-
  atus, Hypop'atus, Hypoph'ora.  Tbe expulsion of
  the fseces;—Ejec'tio, Eges'tio.  Also, a  faecal dis-
  charge or stool,—generally, however, with t.-h-ine
  prefixed,—as an alvine Dejection. Alvus  rir'iilis,
  Dejectio alvina.  Also depression  of spirits.
    DE.TECTIONES  NIGRJE. Melacna.
    DE.IECTORIVM. Cathartic
    DELACRYMATIO, Epiphora.
    DELACRYM A TI VUS, Apodacryticus.
    DELAPSIO, Prolapsus. 
DELAPSUS
282
DELPHINIUM
  DELAPSUS,  Prolapsus —d.  Palpebrae,  Ble-
pharoptosis.
  DELATIO, Indication.
  DEL A YA NTS, Diluentia.
  DELCROIX'S  DEPILATORY,  see Depila-
tory. Colley's.
  DELETE'RIOUS,  Delete'rius,  Pemicio'sus,
(F.) Dilitere, Pernicieux, from Sn\eo>, 'I injure.'
That which produces destructive disorder in the
exercise  and harmony of the functions.
  DELETERIUM.  Poison.
  DELIERET,  Delirious.
  DELIGATIO, Deligation, Ligature,  see  Ban-
dage.
  OBLIGATION,  Deliga'tio, Epidei'sis, Deli-
gatu'ra,  Vul'nerum deliga'tio  seu vinctu'ra, Fas-
cia'rum Applica'tio,Plaga'rum Vinctu'ra, Fascia'-
tio, from deligare, deligatum,  (de, and  ligo,) 'to
bind.'  The  deligation  of wounds formerly em-
braced the application of apparatus,  dressings,
Ac, — the  denomination Deliga'tor Plaga'rum
being  synonymous  with  3Iedicus  Vuhiera'rius,
and in derivation, with the W undarzt, 'wound
physician'  or  surgeon, of the  Germans.  Deliga-
tion is hardly ever used now as an English word.
In  France, it is applied to the regular  and me-
thodical  application of bandages,  and  to the
ligature  of arteries.
  DELIGATURA,  Deligation.
  DELIQUES'CENT,  Deliques'cens, from  deli-
quescere, (de and liquescere,) 'to melt,' 'to dis-
solve.'  Any salt which becomes liquid by attract-
ing moisture from  the air.  The  deliquescent
salts require  to be kept in bottles, well stopped.
Chloride of lime, acetate of potassa, and carbonate
of potassa, are examples of such salts.   The an-
cient chemists expressed the condition of a body,
which  had become liquid in this manner, by the
word Deliquiuin.
  DELIQUIUM ANIMI,  Syncope.
  DELIRAMENTUM, Delirium.
  DELIRANS, Delirious.
  DELIRANT, Delirious.
  DELIRATIO, Delirium —d.  Senum, see De-
mentia.
  DELIRE, Delirium — d. Crapnleux,  Delirium
tremens—d. des Ivrognes,  Delirium tremens—d.
Nerveux, Delirium  nervosum.
  DELIRE DES  PERSECUTIONS.  Mania,
in  which  the morbid hallucination is, that the
individual is persecuted.
  DELIRE TRAUMATIQUE, Delirium nervo-
Bum—el.  Trentblant, Delirium tremens.
  DELIRIA, Insanity.
  DELIRIE, Delirious.
  DELIRTOUS.   Same etymon  as Delirium.
Dellrans,   Dellrus, Excerebra'tus, Alloeh'oos,
AUe'nus,  Parale'rus,  Raving,  (Sc.)  Delieret,
Delirie,  (F.) Dilirant.  One who is  in a state of
delirium.  That which  is attended  by delirium.
The French use the  term Fievre pernieieuse dili-
rante for a febrile intermittent, in which delirium
is the predominant symptom.
  DELIR'IUM, from de,  'from,'  and lira,  'a
ridge between two  furrows' [?] : more  probably
from de, and \npnpu, 'a silly saying or action.'
Parac'ope, Phreni'tis, Phledoni'a, Desipierltia,
Aphros'yne,  Paralere'ma,  Paralere'sis,  Para-
log" ia, Phanta'sia, Pnrajthros'yne, Emo'tio,Leros,
Paranop'a, Alloph'asis, Deli ra'tio, Delirament'um,
(Sc.) Ravery, Raring, (F.)  Dih're, Egarement
d'espvit,  Ac, Transport, Idiosynchysie.  Stray-
in"- from the rules  of reason ; wandering of the
mind.   Hippocrates used the  word pavia, mania,
for delirium  sine febre, and the  Greek words
given above for delirium rum  febre.  In different
authors,  also, we find the words, Paraph'ora, Pa-
raplirotes, Paraphrene'sis, Paraphretlia, Phrene'-
 sis, Phreneti'asis, Ac, for different kinds of de-
 lirium.  Delirium is usually symptomatic.
   Delirium  Ebriositatis, Drunken  madness;
 also D. tremens — d. Epileptic, see  Epilepsy — d.
 Furiosum, Mania—d. Maniacum, Mania.
   Delirium  Nervosum, (F.)  Dilire nerveux ou
 traumatique.   A form of delirium  which super-
 venes  after  surgical  operations, or severe  in-
 juries.
   Delirium  Potatorum, D. tremens—d. Trcmi-
 faciens, D. tremens—d. Senile, see  Dementia,
   Delirium  Tremens, D. potato'mm sen eln-i.
 osita'tis seu  trernifa'ciens seu vig"i/ans, Mtt'nia
 d potu seu e  tcmulentid,  CEnomet'nia, Eretliis'mits
 ebrioso'rum, Dipsoma'nia, Meningitis sen Phrerti'.
 tis  potato'rum, Tromoma'nia,  Tromoparana'a,
 Potttparance'a, Pototromoparana>.'a, (F.) Fnciphtt-
 lopathie crapuleuse, Dilire tremblant ou cri/jnileux
 ou des Ivrognes, Folie des Ivrognes ou Alcoiliqite,
 A state of delirium  and agitation, peculiar to
 those addicted to  spirituous liquors, with  great
 sleeplessness.  It  is  preceded  by  indisposition,
 lassitude, watchfulness,  headach, and  anorexia;
 the  delirium and  tremors,  Tremor potato'rum,
 most  commonly recurring in paroxysms.  It is
 caused by the  habitual and  intemperate use of
 ardent spirits or of opium or tobacco; or rather
 by abandoning them after prolonged  use.   The
 treatment is  various.  Many have  regarded sti-
 mulants, with  large doses  of  opium  to induco
 rest, to be indispensable. It is certain, however,
 that the expectant system will often, if not gene-
 rally, be successful; and, it is  probable, a cure
 effected in this manner  will be more permanent
 than when produced by  excitants.
   DELIRUS, Delirious.
   DELll'ESCIENCE, see Repercussion.
   DELITESCENTIA, see Repercussion.
   DELIVER, (Prov.) lay,  same etymon as the
 next  ' To put to bed.'  To disburden  of a child,
   DELIVRANCE (F.), (de, and  livrer, 'to  set
 free.')  An  expression,  which,  in  common  lan-
 guage, signifies the action of delivering, libera'tio,
 but in the practice of obstetrics, means  the ex-
 trusion of the  secundines, either spontaneously
 or by the efforts of art.  This completion of de-
 livery— partus secunda'rius, seeundintlriim ex-
 pulsio seu  extrac'tio, is produced  by tbe same
 laws as the expulsion  of the foetus. Sometimes,
 the after-birth  follows the child immediately; at
 others, it is retained ; and requires  manual inter-
 ference to remove  it.  The  following are the
 chief cases in which this becomes necessary.   1.
 Intimate  adhesion between the   placenta  and
 paries of the uterus.  2. Spasmodic contraction
 of the orifice of the uterus.  3. Hour-glass con-
 traction.  4.  Torpor or hemorrhage after the ex-
 pulsion of the child, and, — 5.  Insertion of the
 placenta at the orifice of the uterus.
   DELIVERY,  Parturition — d.  False,  False
 water.
   DELIVRE, Secundines.
   DELOCATIO, Luxatio.
   DELPHINE, see Delphinium staphisagria.
   DELPHININE, see Delphinium staphisagria.
   DELPHIN'IUM, from  SeXttm,  or  idtptv, 'a
 dolphin,'  which the flowers resemble.  D. enn-
 solida seu Seg"etumsen Versic'o/or, Ctilcitni'pti,
 Consolida Rega'lis, Branching Larkspur,  Sttuj-
 gerweed.  Ord. Ranunculaoeac.  Sex. Syst., Poly-
 andria Trigynia.  (F.) Pied d'alonette des champ*.
 It  has been employed as  a  vermifuge.   The
 flowers have been  used in  ophthalmia, and  the
 seeds have the same property as those of Stave,*-
 acre.
   Delphinium Consolida, Delphinium — d. Se-
 getum, Delphinium.
|   Delphin'ium Staphisa'guia.  The  systematic 
DELPHYS
28 3
DENGUE
name of the Staves'acre, Staphisagria, Phtheiroc'-
tonum, Phthelriitm, Staphis, Pellicula'ria,  (F.)
Sta]ihisaigre,  llerbe  mix  Poux,  Dauj/hinelle.
Tbe seeds, Staphisagria, (Ph. L. and E.) have a
disagreeable  smell; a  nauseous, bitterish, hot
taste;  and are cathartic, emetic, arid vermifuge :
owing, however, to the violence of their  opera-
tion, they are seldom given internally, and are
chiefly used in powder, mixed with  hair powder,
to  destroy  lice.   The  active  principle  of this
plant has been separated, and received the name
D< Iphin'ia, (F.) Del phi ne, Delphi nine.   It is ex-
tremely acrid, and has been recently used, like
veratria, in tic douloureux,  paralysis and  rheu-
matism.   Itis used in  the form of ointment,  or
 in solution in alcohol, (gr. x to xxx, or more,  to
 3j,) applied externally.
   Delphinium Versicolor, Delphinium.
   DELPHYS, Uterus, Vulva.
   DELTA. Vulva.
   DELTIFORMIS, Deltoid.
   DELTOID, Deltoldes,  Dclto'dcs, Deltoideus,
 Deltifonn'is, (F.)  Dclto'iilc, from the Greek  capi-
 tal letter A, Si\ra, and etSoc, 'resemblance.' Sous-
 acromio-clavi-hnmiral of  Dumas;  Sus-acrinnio-
 liitmt'ral  of  Chaussier.   A  triangular  muscle
 forming  the  fleshy part  of the shoulder, and
 covering the shoulder-joint. It extends from tbe
 outer  third of  the clavicle, from the acromion
 nnd spine of  the scapula, to near the middle and
 outer  part of the  os  humeri, where it is inserted
 by means  of a  strong  tendon.   This  muscle
 raises the arm directly upwards, when  the shoul-
 der is fixed,  and carries  it anteriorly or poste-
 riorly, according  to  the  direction of the fibres,
 which are  thrown into action.   If  the  arm  be
 rendered immovable, the deltoid acts inversely
 and depresses the shoulder.
    DELTOIDE, Deltoid.
    DELUSION, Hallucination.
    DEM  EL  MUCA.  A name  given by Prosper
 Alpinus to a  disease, which, he says, is proper to
 Egypt.  He considers it to be inflammation of the
 brain; but others describe it as a pernicious in-
 termittent.
    DEMAGNETIZATION, Demagnetisa'tio.
 The act of removing the condition of magneti-
 zation.
    DEM A XGEATSON, Itching.
    DEMANDS, Acheir.
    DEMEA'CE, Dementia—d. Innie, Idiotism.
    DEMENTED,  Insane.
    D EM E N'T I A, Amen'tia, Fatu'itas,  Ancv'a,
  Anair'sin, Dciiterance'a. Ecnop'a, Paranos'a, M,,'-
  ria demons,  Noasthcui'n, Incohe'rency. Imbecil-
  ity, Incohe'rent  Insanity;  from de,  'from,'  or
  'out  of,' and mens,  mentis, 'mind,'  or 'reason,'
  (F.) Dimence, Bitise.  In common parlance, and
  even  in legal language, this word is synonymous
  with insanity. Physicians, however, have applied
  it to those cases of unsound mind which are cha-
  racterized by a total loss of tbe faculty of thought,
  or by such an imbecility  of  intellect  that the
  ideas are extremely incoherent, there being at
  the same time a total  loss of the power  of rea-
  soning.  Mania and melancholy are apt to end
 in this, if possible, more deplorable state.  Dotage
  is the Dementia of the aged—Mo'ria dernens lere'-
 »«", Lcre'ma, I.ere'sis, Lerus, Delira'tio  Senum,
 Amen'tia Senilis, Puerilitas,  Dclir'ium Senile,
 Anilitas, Senile  Insarlity, Senile Dementia, In-
 sanity of the aged, (Sc.) Doittrie,—a form of moral
 insanity, in which the whole moral character  of
 the individual is  changed.
    Dementia Accidentai.is, see Lunatic—d. Ad-
 ventitia, see  Lunatic—d. Naturalis, Idiotism—d.
 Paralytica, Paralysis of the Insane.
    DEMI, Semi—d. Bain, Semicupium—d. Circu-
laire, Semi-circular — d. Epineux, Semi-spinalis
colli — d. Epineux du dos, Semi-spinalis dorsi —
d. Gantelet, Gantelet — d. Interrosseux du pouce,
Flexor brevis  pollicis manus—d. Lunarre, Semi-
lunar— d. 3/embraneux,  Semi-membranosus — </.
Nerveux, Semitendinosus—d. Orbicularis, Orbicu-
laris oris — d.  Tendineux, Semi-teudinosus — d.
Tierce, Hemitritaea (febris).
   DEMISSIO  ANTMI, Depression.
   DEMISSOR, Catheter.
   DE'MODEX FOLLICULO'RUM,(<Wo<r, 'lard,'
and S>/1;,  'a boring worm,') Acarus folliculoruur.
   DEMONOMA'NIA, Dainonomauia,  Theomil-
nia, Entheoma'nia, from Sai/jurv, 'demon,' a spirit
of good or evil, and pavta, ' madness.  A variety
of madness, in which the person conceives bim-
possessed of devils, and  is in continual  dread of
malignant spirits,  tbe pains  of hell, Ac.  Also,
religious insanity. Sebastoma'nia.
   DEM'ONSTRATOR,  from   demonstrarc, (de
and monstrare,) ' to show;' 'exhibit.'   One who
exhibits.   The index finger.   See Digitus.
   Dem'onstrator  of Anat'omy.  One who ex-
hibits the parts of the human  body.  A teacher
of practical anatomy.
   DEMOTDVUS  LAPSUS,  Rcpcnti'na mors,
from  derniH-erc. (de and  morere,)  'to move off,'
'remove,' and  lapsus, 'a fall.'   Sudden  death.
   DEMUL'CENTS, Demuleen'tia, Inrolren'tia,
 Obvotven'tia,  Liibriean'tia, from  demuleere (de,
and mulcere,) 'to  soothe,'  'to  assuage.'  (F.)
Adoudssants.  Medicines supposed to be capable
of correcting certain acrid conditions  imagined
to exist  in the humours.   Substances  of a muci-
laginous or saccharine nature belong to this class.
Demulcents  may act directly  on  the parts  with
which they come in contact;  but in  other cases,
as in  catarrh, their effect is  produced by  con-
tiguous  sympathy; the top of the larynx being
soothed  by them firsthand indirectly the inflamed
portion  of the air-passages.   In  diseases of the
urinary  organs,  they have  no advantage  over
simple  diluents. — See Diluents anil Emollients.
 The following are demulcents ;—Acaciae Gummi;
Althaea? Folia et Radix;  Amygdalae;  Amylum;
 Avenae  Farina;  Cera;  Cetaceum ; Cydoniie Se-
mina; Fucus Crispus;  (ilvcyrrhiza;  Hordeum;
Lichen ; Linum ; Olivm Oleum ; Sassafras Medul-
la: Scsamum; Sevum ; Tragacantha, and Ulmus.
   DEMUSCULA'TUS,  from  de,  and mnsenhis.
 'a muscle.'  (F.) Dichami.   Emaciated, devoid
 of flesh.
   DENA'RIUS; a Roman  coin, equal in value
 to about 10 cents, or 8 pence English.  It was
 marked  with the letter X. to signify 10  asses.
   Also,  the 7th part of the Roman ounce.
   DENDROLTBANI'S, Rosmarinus.
   DENERVATIO, Aponeurosis.
   DEN'GUE, Dingee, Dunga, Dandy, Bouquet,
 Bucket Fever, Erup'tive artic'ular fever, E. rhrtt-
 mnt'ic fever, Breakbone, Neuralgic, Solar or Sun
 Fever, Rheumatis'mns febri'lis, Scarlati'na rhen-
 mat'ica, Exanthe'sis arthro'sia, Planta'ria, Febris
 cxanthemat'ica artieula'ris, (F.) Giraffe.  A dis-
 ease, which first appeared in  the years 1S27 and
 1828,  in  the West Indies, and in  the  southern
 states of North  America.    It  was extremely
 violent in its symptoms, but not  often  fatal.   It
 usually commenced with great languor, chilliness,
 and pain in the tendons about the smaller joints.
 To these symptoms succeeded burning  heat aud
 redness  of the skin, pains in  the muscles of the
 limbs or in the forehead, with vomiting or nausea.
 The fever continued for  one,  two  or three days,
 and usually terminated by copious perspiration.
 In different places,  it put on different appear-
 ances: but seems  in  all to have been a singular
 variety of rheumatic fever.  The usual antiphlo-
 gistic treatment was adopted,  and successfully. 
DENIACH
  DENIACII, MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  De-
niach is a village in Swabia, at the entrance  of
the Black Forest.  The waters  contain carbonic
acid,  carbonate of  iron, .carbonate  of  lime, sul-
phate of magnesia, and carbonate of soda.
  DENTGRATIO, from denigrare, (de, and »»'-
ger, 'black,') ' to become black.'  The  act of be-
coming black,  as in cases  of sphacelus, sugilla-
tion. Ac.
  DENS, Tooth — d. Leonis, Leontodon taraxa-
cum.
  Dens Pro'lifer.  A term used  by Bartholin
for a  supernumerary  tooth, which appears  to
grow upon a primitive or parent tooth.
  DENT, Tooth—d. de Lion, Leontodon taraxa-
cum—d. de Sagesse, see Dentition.
  DENTAGOGUM, Dentagra.
  DENTAGRA, Den'ticeps, Dcntar'paga, Denti-
dileum, Dentic'ilium, Dentago'gum,  Denta'lisfior-
fiex, Forficx denta'ria,  Odonthar'paga, Odon'ta-
gra, Odontago'gon, from dens,  dentis,  'a tooth,'
and aypa,  'a  seizure.'   (F.) Davier.   A tooth-
forceps.
   DENT AIRE, Dental.
   DENTAL, Denta'lis, Denta'rius, Denticula'tus,
(F.) Dentaire,  from dens, dentis, 'a tooth.'   That
which concerns the teeth.   See  Dentiformis.
   Dental Arches, (F.) Arcades  dentaires, are
the arches formed by the range  of alveoli in each
jaw.
  Dental  Ar'teries  are  those  arteries which
nourish the teeth.   They  proceed  from several
sources.   The  teeth of the upper jaw, e. g., re-
ceive their arteries  from  the  infir-aorbitar and
superior alveolar, — themselves branches of the
internal maxillary.  The teeth  of the  lower jaw
receive their  branches from the  inferior dental
or inferior  maxillary, which is given  off by the
internal  maxillary, and runs through  the dental
canal, issuing  at the mental foramen,  after hav-
ing  given  numerous ramifications  to  the  teeth
and jaw.
   Dental Canals, (F.) Conduits dentaires, 3fax'-
illary canals.  The bony canals, through which
tbe vessels and nerves pass to the interior of the
teeth.
   Dental Car'tilage, Cartila'go denta'lis.  The
cartilaginous elevation, divided  by slight fissures,
on  the  biting margins of  the  gums  in infants,
prior to dentition.  It is a substitute for the teeth.
   Dental Cav'ity, (F.)  Caviti dentaire.  A ca-
vity in the interior of the teeth in which is situate
tbe dental pulp.
   Dental Excava'tor.  An instrument for the
removal of the decayed part of a  tooth, prepara-
tory to the operation of filling.
   Dental  Fol'licle,  Follie'ulus  seu Cap'sula
dentis,  (F.)  Follicule dentaire.   A  membranous
follicle, formed of a double lamina, in which the
teeth are  contained  before they  issue from the
alveoli, and which, consequently, aids  in the for-
mation of the alveolo-dental periosteum, and of
tbe membrane that envelops the pulp of the teeth.
The dental follicles are lodged in the  substance
of the jaws.
   Dental  Gangrene, Caries  Den'tinm,  Odon-
 taltf'ia cario'sa, Odontonecro'sis,  Odontosphacel-
isis,  Odontosphacelis'mus,   Nccro'sis    Den'tium,
 (F.)  Carie des Dents.   Gangrene or caries  of  the
 teeth.  See Caries.
   Dental Nerves, (F.) Nerfs dentaires.  Nerves
 which pass to the teeth.  Those of  the upper in-
 cisors and  canine  are  furnished by the infra-or-
 bitar nerve, a branch  of the superior  maxillary,
 and  those  of the molars  by  the  trunk of  the
 same nerve.   The teeth of the lower jaw receive
 the nerves  from the inferior maxillary, which, as
 well as the superior  maxillary,  arises from  the
 5th pair.
8 4                I) EN TIER
  Dental  Pulp,  Pulpa  seu Nu'cleus sou Sub.
stan'tia pulpa'sa  dentis, Germcn  denta'le, (F.)
Ptiljie  dentaire.   A pultnccous  substance, of a
reddish-gray colour, very soft and sensible, which
fills  the cavity of the  teeth.  It is well supplied
with capillary vessels.
  Dental  Surgeon, Dentist.
  Dental  Veins have a similar distribution with
the arteries.
  DENTALIS,  Odontoid^d. Forfex, Dentagrn.
  DENTA'LIUM, from  dens, dentis,  'a  tooth,'
the dog-like tooth  shell.   A  genus of shells in the
shape  of a tooth.  They formerly entered into
several pharmaceutical  preparations,  but were
useless ingredients; consisting — like  shells  in
general—of carbonate of lime and gelatin.
  DENTARIA, Anthemis Pyrethrum, Plumbago
Europsea.
  DENTARIUS,  Dentist.
  DENTARPAGA, Dentagra.
  DENTATA VERTEBRA, Axis.
  DENTATE, Denta'ted, Denta'tus, (F.) Denteli.
Cut in the  shape of teeth.
  DENT A TUBE, Digitation.
  DENTATUS, Dontate.
  DENTELAIRE, Plumbago Europma.
  DENTELARIA, Plumbago Europsea.
  DEN TELE,Dentate—d.Antirieur petit, Pecto-
ralis minor—d. Grand, Serratus magnus—d. Pos-
tirieur et irrfirieitr, petit, Serratus posticus infe-
rior— d. Supirieur; petit,  Serratus posticus su-
perior.
  DENTELURE, Digitation.
  DENTES,  Teeth, see Tooth — d. Angulares,
Canine teeth — d. Bicuspidati,  Molar teeth — d.
Buccales, Molar teeth—d. Canini, Canine teeth—
ti. Clavales, Molar teeth—d. Columellares, Canine
teeth—d.  Ctenes, Incisive  teeth — d. Cuspidati,
Canine teeth — d. Dichasteres,  Incisive teeth —
d. Gelasini, Incisive teeth — d.  Gomphii, Molar
teeth—d. Incisores, Incisive teeth—d.  Lactei, see
Dentition — d. Laniarii, Canine  teeth — d. Maxil-
lares, Molar teeth — d. Molares, Molar teeth — d.
Mordentes, Canine  teeth — d.  Oculares, Canine
teeth—d.  Primores, Incisive teeth—d. Rnsurii,
Incisive teeth — d. Sapientiae, see Dentition — d.
Serotini, see Dentition—d.  Sophroretici, see Den-
tition—d. Sophronistae, see Dentition — d. Soph-
ronisteres,   see  Dentition—d.  Tomici, Incisive
teeth.
  DENTICEPS,  Dentagra.
  DENTICOLA  HOMINIS, see Odontolithos.
  DENTICULATUM,  (Ligamentum,) diminu-
tive of dens, dentis, ' a tooth.'   Ligamen'tum tlen-
ta'tum, 3Iembra'na denta'ta, (F.) Ligament denteli
ou  denticuli.  A  slender cord,  situate between
the anterior and posterior fasciculi of the spinal
nerves, and between the tunica arachnoidea and
pia  mater.  It  is attached to the dura mater,
where that membrane issues from the  cranium,
and accompanies  the spinal marrow to its inferior
extremity.   It  sends  off,  from  its  outer edge,
about twenty slender processes,  in the form of
denticuli, each of  which passes outwards and con-
nects itself with the dura mater in the intervals
between the  anterior  and  posterior roots of the
nerves.
   DENTICULATUS, Dental.
   DENTICULUM, Dentagra.
   DENTICULUS,  Crena.
   DENTIDUCUM, Dentagra.
   DEN TIER, (F.) from dens, dentis, 'a tooth.'
 Denture.   A  set  or row of teeth, mounted on
metal or  ivory, to be  adjusted  to  the alveolar
margin.  Dentiers are simple or double.  To  the
latter, that is, to  the  full set, the name ltdtelier
is given. 
DENTIFORM              28
  DENTIFORM, Dentiform'is, from dens, dentis,
'a tooth,' and forma, 'form.'  Resembling a tooth
in shape.
  DENTIFORMIS, Odontoid.
  DENTIFRICE,   Dentifric"ium,   Remed'ium
drntifiie" in in,  fhlontotrim'ma,  Odontosmeg'ma,
 Tooth powder,  Tooth paste, from dens, dentis, 'a
tooth,' and fricare, ' to rub ;' a name given  to dif-
ferent powders and pastes proper for cleansing
the enamel of the teeth, and removing the tartar
which covers  them.  Powdered bark and char-
 coal,  united to  any  acidulous salt — as cream of
 tartar—form one  of the most common dentifrices.
   FJectuaire ou Opiate Dentifrice, of the  Parisian
 Codex,  consists of coral ^iv, cuttlefish bones and
 cinnamon,  aa t^ij, cochineal £st, honey ^x, alum
 gr. iv or v.
   I'nndre Dentifrice of the Codex  is composed
 of Bole Armeniac, red coral, [prepared,]  and cut-
 tlefish bones, aa  J^vj,  dragon's blood 3>'j> cochi-
 neal  "-,]. cream of tartar £ix, cinnamon T)ij, cloves,
 gr. xij,  well mixed.   The one used by the author,
 is composed  of charcoal and orris root,  each one
 part; prepared chalk, two parts.
   Charcoal,  finely   powdered  and  mixed with
 chalk, forms as good a dentrifice as  any.
   DENTIG"EROUS, Den'tiger, from dens, den-
 tis, and giro, ' I carry.'  Tooth  carrying, as den-
 tiijernus cyst:  one containing teeth.
  'pENTILIOUN,  Leontodon taraxacum.
   DENTINAL,  Dentina'lis,  from  dens,  dentis,
 'a tooth.'  Relating to the dentine of the  teeth.
   DENTINE, see  Tooth — d.  Secondary,  see
 Tooth.
   DENTISCAL'PIUM,  from  dens,  dentis,  'a
 tooth,' and sca/jrere, ' to scrape.'  Odonto'glyphum.
 This word has been applied  to the instrument
 used for scaling the teeth ; to the  tooth-pick, (F.)
 Cure-dent; and to  the gum lancet,—the  divhaus-
 Boir of  the French.
   DENT'IST, Dentis'ta, Odontia'ter, Denta'rius,
 Dental  Surgeon,  Surgeon-Dentist,  (F.)  Dentiste,
 from dens,  dentis,  'a  tooth.'   One  who devotes
 himself to the study of the diseases of the teeth,
 and their treatment.
   DENTISTRY,   Odontotech'ny,  Odontiatri'a,
 Odontotherapla,  Dental Surgery,  Same etymon.
 The nrt of the dentist.
   DENTTTTO, Dentition—d. Difficilis, Dysodon-
 tiasis.
   DENTIT"ION, Teething, Dentil'io, Dentin's,
 Odontopliy'iu,  Odontlasis, Odonto'sis, from den-
 tire,  (dens, dentis,  'a  tooth,')  'to  breed  teeth.'
 The exit of the teeth from the alveoli and gums;
 or rather the phenomena which characterize  the
 different periods  of their existence.  The germs
 of the  first teeth, dentes lac'tei or milk teeth, (F.)
 dens  de lait, are visible in the foetus about the end
 of the second month; and they begin to be ossified
 from the end  of the third to  that of the sixth
 month.  At birth,  the corona  of the incisors is
 formed, but that  of  the canine is  not completed;
 and the tubercles of the molares  are not yet all
 united.   Gradually  the fang becomes developed;
 and at about six  or eight months  begins what is
 commonly called, the first dentil'iou,  Odon'tia
 dentitio'nis lactan'tium.  The two  middle incisors
 of the  lower jaw commonly  appear first; and,
 some time afterwards,  those  of the upper jaw;
 afterwards, the two  lateral incisors  of the lower
 jaw; and then those  of the upper, followed by
 the four anterior  molares ; the canine, or eye-teeth,
 nt first,  those of the lower, and,  afterwards, those
 of  the  upper  jaw, next  appear;  and,  subse-
 quently and successively, the first 4 molares —2
 above nnd 2 below, 1 on each side.   The whole
 number of  the primary,  temporary,  deciduous,
tlteddiug or milk-teeth, (dentes  tempora'rii,) (F.)
Dents de lait, is now L'O.
5       DENTS BICUSPID&ES
  The eruption of the milk teeth takes place, ap-
proximately, in the following order:

  Central incisors............6th to 8th month.
  Lateral incisors............7th to 10th month.
  First molar..................12th to 14th month.
  Canines......................15th to 20th month.
  Second molar..............20th to 30th month.

  The second dentition or shedding of the  teeth,
odon'tia dentitio'nis pueri'lis,  Dedeutil'ion.  be-
gins about the age of 6 or 7.  The germs or mem-
branous follicles  of these  second teeth — to  the
number of 32 — as well  as  the rudiments of tho
teeth themselves, are  visible, even in the fcetn-,
with  the exception of those of the small mob.re.-,
which do not appear till after  birth.  Tbey aie
contained in alveoli of the same shape as  those
of  the first  dentition.  Their  ossification  em-
inences at from 3 to 6 months after birth, in  the
incisors and first  molares;  at  eight  or  nine
months, in the canine; about three years, in  the
molares; 3£  in  the  second great  molares, and
about 10 years in the  last.  As the  alveolus of a
new  tooth  becomes   gradually  augmented,  the
septum between it and that of the  corresponding
milk tooth is absorbed, and disappears.  The root
of  the milk tooth is likewise absorbed; its corona
becomes loose and  falls out, and all the first teeth
are gradually replaced  by the permanent  teeth,
Derltes serot'ini.  This second dentition becomes
necessary in consequence  of the increased  size
of  the  jaws. The new teeth have neither  the
same direction nor the  same shape as the old;
and they are more numerous, amounting till  the
age of 25, (sooner or later,) to  28.  About  this
period, a small molaris appears at the extremity
of  each jaw, which is called Dens  sapien'tia or
wisdom tooth, wit tooth,  Dens serolinus, Dens so-
phroret'icus,  D.  sophronis'ta,  D.   sophronis'ter,
(F.)  Arriere dent, Dent de sagesse, making  tho
whole number of permanent teeth 32.
   The eruption of the permanent teeth is remark-
able for its general regularity; so that it consti-
tutes an  important  means  for ascertaining  tho
age of  the individual  during the early period of
life.
     First molars.........................7th year.
     Central incisors.....................8th year.
     Lateral  incisors....................9th year.
     First bicuspids.....................10th year.
     Second bicuspids...................11th year.
     Canines...............................12th year.
     Second  molars......................13th year.

   The  teeth  of the lower jaw precede bjT a  few
weeks those of the upper.
   During the period of dentition, that is, of the
first  dentition, the infant is  especially liable to
disease;—the irritation, produced by the pressure
of  the  tooth  on  the  superincumbent gum, some-
times occasioning pyrexia, convulsions, diarrhoea,
Ac, which symptoms are often strikingly relieved
by  a free division  of the distended gum.  This
disordered condition  is called Teething, Odon'tia
dentitio'nis, Odontlasis, Odontalgia dentitio'nis,
Odaxis'mus.
  DENTITIS, Dentition.
  DENTIUM CORTEX. Enamel of the teeth—
d. Dolor, Odontalgia — d. Nitor,  Enamel of tie
teeth — d. Scalptura, (Lancing  the  gums,)  see
Gum lancet—d. Vacillantia. Odontoseisis.
  DENTO,  from dens,  dentis,  ' a tooth.   One
whose teeth are prominent.
  DENTOIDEUS, Odontoid.
  DENTS  BICUSPIDEES, Bicuspid teeth— d.
Col des, Collum  dentium — d.  Coruiidcs. Canine
teeth—d. de Lait, see Dentition—d. Mdcheliens,
Molar teeth—d. Jlolaires, Molar teeth—d. 31ulti- 
DENTURE
286
DEPRESSOR
cnspidic*, Molar teeth, great — d. CEillilres, Ca-
nine teeth.
  DENTURE, Dentier.
  DENUDATION, Denuda'tio, Gymno'sis, from
deniidare, (de, and nudare,  nudatum), 'to  lay
bare.'  Condition of a part, deprived of its natu-
r.il  coverings, whether by wounds,  gangrene, or
abscess.   It is particularly applied to the  bones,
when deprived of  their periosteum, and  to  the
teeth when they lose their enamel or dental  sub-
stance, or when the gums  recede from them, and
their sockets are destroyed.
  DEOB'STRUENT,  DeoVstruens,  Dephrac'ti-
cum,  Deoppllaus,  Deoppilati'iiim,  Ecphrac'tic,
from de, and obstruere, (ob, and  struere,) ' to ob-
struct.'   (F.) Disobstruant, Disobstructifi, Disopi-
latifi, Disopilant.  Medicines given with the  view
of  removing any obstruction.  The  word corre-
sponds to aperient, in its general, not in its par-
ticular sense.  It is now almost abandoned, and,
when used, conveys by no means definite ideas.
  DEODORIZER. Antibromic.
  DEONTOL'OGY, Deontolog"ia; fromVa Seovra,
'what are fitting or necessary,'  and  Aoyoj, 'a de-
scription.'  A word introduced by  Bentham to
signify morals, or the science of duties.
  Med'ical Deontol'ogy, Deontoloif'ia med'ica,
(F.)  Diontologie  midicale,  Medical  ethics,  3le-
dical etiquette.  The duties and  rights of medical
practitioners.
   DEOPPILATIVUM, Deobstruent.
   DEPASCENS, Phagedenic.
   DAPAUPERATUS, Impoverished.
   DEPERDITIO, Abortion.
   DEPERTSSEMENT,  Emaciation.
   DEPHRACTICUM, Deobstruent.
   DEPILA TIF, Depilatory.
   DEPILATIO, Alopecia—d. Capitis, Calvities.
   DEPUTATION, Depila'tio, Dropacis'mus, Ma-
 de'sis, Mad'isis, Psilo'sis, from de, and pilus,' hair.
 Loss of hair, either spontaneously or by art.
    DEPTLATORY,  Depilato'rium, Dropax, Psi-
 lo'thron, Ectillolicus, Epilato'rium,  (F.) Dipila-
 toire, Dipilatif, Epilatoire.  Same etymon.   Any
 thing which causes the loss of the hair.   Depila-
 tories are usually caustic applications, in which
 quicklime or some  other alkaline  substance, sul-
 phuret  of iron, Ac, enter.
    Depilatory, Colley's, seems  to  consist of
 quicklime and a portion of sulphuret of potassa.
    Delcroix's depilatory, and Plenck's depilatory,
 have a  similar composition.  They all, probably,
 contain  arsenic,  in  the form of orpiment.   The
 following formula has been given for  that of
 Colley : quicklime, 30 parts ; soap  lees, 125 parts ;
 sulphur, 4 parts ; nitre, 4 parts ;  orpiment, 12  parts.
 Another depilatory by F. Boudet is formed of sul-
 phuret of sodium, 3 parts ; quicklime, in  powder,
 10 ; starch, 10; mix.  Rub a little of this powder
 with water;  apply it to the part, and remove the
 hair in  a minute  or two with a wooden  knife.
 Dorvault recommends the Depilatory of Martins,
 which  is a  sulphuretted  sulphuret of calcium;
 made by passing sulphohydric acid into quicklime
 to saturation.   A little of this is applied to the
 part, and in eight or ten minutes it becomes solid.
 It must then be washed off with  cold or hot wa-
 ter, when the skin will be  found  denuded.  An-
 other,  given  by Redwood,  is a strong  solution
 of tbe  sulphuret  of barium, made into  a paste
 with starch powder.   It is used like the  one ad-
 vised  by Boudet.   Those that do  not  contain
 arsenic are, of course, safer.
    A pitch plaster, Pitch-cap, is sometimes used
 as a depilatory.  It  of course pulls the  hair out
 by tbe  roots.
    DE'PILIS,  same etymon.   Devoid of  hair.
 Hairless.
  DEPLACEMENT DE LA  CATARACTE,
see Cataract
  DEPLETIF, Depletory.
  DEPLETION, Deple'tio, from deplco,  deple-
tum, ' I unload.'  The act of emptying or unbind-
ing, for example,  the vessels, by  blood-letting
and the  different  evacuants.   Also,  inordinate
evacuation.
  DEPLETORY, Depleting. (F.) Diplitif.  Hay.
ing relation to depletion — as  'a depletory or de-
pleting agent.'
  DEPLUMATIO, Ptilo'sis,  from  deplnmis (de
and p/uma), 'without feathers.'  A disease of the
eyelids, in which they are swollen, and  the eye-
lashes fall out.   See  Madarosis.
   DEPOS'IT, Depos'itum,  from  depono, (de nnd
pono,  positnm, 'to lay  or put,')  'to lay or put
down.'  (F.J  Dipot.   Any thing laid or thrown
down.  In physiology and pathology,  a struc-
tureless substance, separated  from  the  blood or
other fluid, as the typhous, tuberculous, purulent,
melanic, and  diphtheritic dejiosits.
   Deposit, Feculence.
   DEPOS'ITIVE,  Dcpositlvus, same  etymon.
An epithet used by Mr. Erasmus Wilson to express
that condition of the membrane in  which plastic
lymph is exuded into the  tissue  of the derma, so
as  to  give rise to  the production of small hard
elevations of the skin,  or pimples.  Under "de-
 positive infiammation of the derma," he comprises
strophulus, lichen, and prurigo.
   DEPOT,  Abscess, Sediment—d. Laiteuse sur
la  Cuisse, Phlegmatia dolens — d. de l Urine, Se-
diment of the urine.
   DEPRAVATION, Deprava'tio, from de and
 pravns, 'bad.'  Perversion, corruption — as de-
pravation of  tbe taste, Ac.
   DEPREIIENSIO, Diagnosis, Epilepsy.
   DEPRES'SION,  Depres'sio,  Irnpres'sio, from
 deprimere, depressum (de and premere), ' to de-
 press ;'  Esph/a'sis.   In Anatomy,  it means  an
 excavation,  hollow,  or  fossa.   In Surgery, it  is
 applied to a fracture of  the  cranium,  in which
 the portions of fractured bone  are forced inwards;
 (F.) Subgroudation, Fhitablement; called also,
 Cataplesis,  Cumjjsis  Depres'sio, Thlasis Depres'-
 sio.   Depression, (F.) Abaissement,  means Couch-
 ing.—See Cataract.
   Depression also means dejection or dejectednest
 —Ademon'ia, Ademo'syne, Demis'sio anirni.
   Depression,  Nervous, Shock,  nervous—d.
 Vital, Shock, nervous.
   DEPRESSOIRE, Meningophylax.
   DEPRESS'OR, (F.) Abaisseur.  Same etymon.
 Several  muscles have  been  so  termed, because
 they depress the parts on which they act.
    Depressor Ai.m  Nasi, D.  la'bii  superio'ris
 alaque nasi  seu Labii  superio'ris pro'prius, In-
 cislvus rne'dius, Myrtifor'mis, Constricto'res altt'-
 rum nasi oc depresso'res la'bii superio'ris, Mnxillo-
 alvioli-rtasal —  part of the  labialis, (Ch.,) (F.)
 Abaisseur tie laile  du nez.   It arises from the
 superior maxillary  bone  immediately above tho
 junction  of  the gums  with the two incisor and
 canine teeth ; and passes upwards  to be inserted
 into the upper lip and root of the ala nasi, which
 it pulls downwards.
    Depressor An'guli Oris, Triangula'ris, De-
 pressor  labia'rum  commilnis, D.  labiorvrn, (¥.)
 Sousmaxillo-labial,  Ma.cillo-labial (Cb.),  Abais-
 seur de lani/le des levres ou Muscle Triangulair,.
 A muscle, situate at the lower part of the face.
j Its form  is  triangular.   It arises  from the outer
| oblique line on the lower jawbone, and terminates
j in  a  point at the commissure  of the lips, which
 it pulls downwards.
    Depressor  La'bii  Inferio'ris ; Quailru'tin,
 Q. Jlenti, Depressor labii inferio'ris pro'prius— 
DEPRESSORIUM           287           DERMATIATRIA
 (F.) Mentonnier-labial, 3Ic.nto-labial (Ch.), Carri
 dn Menton, Houppe du Menton, Abaisseur de la
 line infirienre.  A small, thin, and quadrilateral
 muscle,  which arises  from the external oblique
 line of the lower jaw, and ascends to the lower
 lip, where it  becomes confounded with the orbi-
 cularis oris.  It pulls the lower  lip downwards
 and outwards.
   Depressor Labii  Superioris  Proprius,  D.
 Aloe nasi —d.  Lubiomui communis,  D.  Anguli
 oris — d. Oeuli, Rectus inferior oculi.
   Depressor Pal'pebr.e Inferio'ris.  A fleshy
 bundle,  which forms  part   of the palpebralis
 muscle.   I leister describes it separately, but it is
 not admitted  now.
   DEPRESSORIUM, Meningophylax.
   DEPRIMENS  AURICULAE, Retrahens auris
 — d.  Maxillae biventer,  Digastricus —d. Oculi,
 Rectus inferior oculi.
   DEPRIMENTIA, Sedatives.
   DEPUCILATION,  Defloration.
   DEPUDICATION,  Defloration.
   DEPURANTTA, from elepurare (de and  pu-
 nts),  'to  purify.'   (F.)  Dipnr-ans,  Dipnratifs.
 Medicines were formerly so  called, which were
 supposed to possess the  property of removing,
 from the mass of blood  or humours, those prin-
 ciples which  disturbed their purity; and of di-
 recting  them  towards some one  of the natural
 cmunctories.   The juices of  what were  called
 anti-scorbutic  herbs, sulphur,  and many other
 medicines, were ranked under this class.
   DEPURATIFS, Depurantia.
   DEPURATION,  Depura'tio.  Same etymon.
 Catharis'mos,  Mundtltio.   In Patludogi/, depura-
 tion has been used for the process by wnieh  na-
 ture purifies the animal  economy, either  by  the
 agency of some eruptive disease, or some sponta-
 neous evacuation, or  by the  assistance  of medi-
 cine.  See Clarification, and  Depuratory.
   DEPURATIVE, Depuratory.
   DEP'URATORY.  Same etymon.  Depnrato'-
 rius, Dcpuratirc, (F.) Dipnra'toire.  That which
 causes depuration, as the  urinary and  cutaneous
 depurations.  Applied, also,  to diseases  which
 have been considered  capable of modifying  the
 constitution advantageously, by  acting on  the
 composition of the fluids —such as certain erup-
 tions, intermittents, Ac.   The word is,  also, Ap-
 propriated to  medicines  and diet,  by which the
 same effect is sought to be induced.
   DERADELPH'US, (F.) Dirade/phe, from Sepn,
 'the neck,' and aStXtpoe, 'a brother.'  A double
 monocephalous monster,  whose two trunks are
 united above the umbilicus, and separated below.
 —G. St.  Hilaire.
   DER'ADEN, from  Stpn, 'the neck,' and aSnv,
 a gland.'  A  gland in the neck.
   DERADENT'TIS, from Stpn, 'neck,'  „d>,  'a
 gland,*  and itis,  denoting inflammation.  In-
 flammation of  the  -lands of the neck
   DERADENON'CIJS, from Sepr,,  'the  neck,'
 alnv, 'a  gland,' and oYkos, 'a swelling.'   Tume-
 faction of the  glands of the neck.
   DERANENCEPIIA'LIA,   Th/ipsencepha'lia,
 rom Sip„, 'neck,'and aneneephalia, 'absence  of
 brum.'   A monstrosity  in which  only  a  small
 portion of the  brain exists, resting on 'the  cervi-
 cal vertebrae—more properly  derencepha'lia — G
 N. Hilaire.  According to Is. G. St. Hilaire,  a
 monstrosity characterized  by the total  absence
 "t  encephalon. and of  the medulla spinalis into
 the cervical  region.
  DERANGED. Insane.
  DERANGEMENT, Insanity.
  DERATE (P.),  Lie'ne priva'tus, from de and
rate,  'spleen.'   Deprived  of spleen; as by an
operation.
   DERCH, Nanus.
   DERBIA, Impetigo.
   DERENCEPHALIA, Deranencephalia.
   DERENCEPII'ALUS, from S,pV,  'the  neck,'
 and Kt^a\n, 'head.'   A  monster whose  brain  ia
 in the neck.—G. St. Hilaire.
   DERIS, Cutis.
   DERIVANS, Derivative.
   DERIVATIF, Derivative
   DERIVATION, Derira'tio, Deflec'tio,  Paro-
 cheteu'sis,  Antilep'sis,  Antis'pasis,  Revulsion,
 Cura derivati'va seu revnlso'ria, from  i/crirare,
 derrvatum, (de, and  rivus, 'a river,')  -to turn
 water from its  regular course.'  Mhen a'centre
 of fluxion' is established  in a part, for the pur-
 pose  of abstracting the  excited vital manifesta-
 tions from some other, a derivation is operated.
   The term Derivation  has  likewise  been ap-
 plied to  the  suction  power  of the  heart—a
 presumed agency in the circulation of the  blood.
   DERIVATIVE, Revellent, Revulsive, Dejlec'-
 tens, Devi'vans,  Derivato'r-ius,  Antispas'ticns, Re-
 vulsi'vns,  Ibvulso'riiis,  (P.) Derivutif,  Rivulsif.
 Same etymon.   A remedy, which by producing
 a modified action in some organ or texture derives
 from  the  morbid condition of some other  organ
 or texture. Revellents are amongst tbe most Im-
 portant remedies:  they  include,  indeed,  every
 physical and moral agent which is  capable  of
 modifying the function of innervation, and  there-
 fore almost every article  of tbe materia medica.
 The following is a list of the chief  local Deriva-
 tives :
   1. Epispastics. —Acidum Aceticum,  Acidum
 Nitricum, Acidum Sulphuricum, Allium, Ammo-
 nia, Ammoniacum, Asafoetida, Cantharis, Cnpsi-
 cum,  Galbanum, Olea Essentialia,  Pix  Abietis,
 Sinapis, Caloric, Friction.
   2. Vesicants.—Ammonia, Argenti Nitras, Can-
 tharis, Cantharis Vittata, Hydrargyri  lodidum
 rubruin, Ranunculus,  Sinapis,  Caloric.
   3. Suppurants. — Acida Mineralia, Antimonii
 et  Potass-.e  Tartras, Cantharis,  Mezereum, Pix
 Abietis, Sabina, Tiglii Oleum, Fonticulus,  Seta-
 ceuin.
   4. — Escharotics. — A.  Erodcnts.  — Acidum
 Aceticum, Acida Mineralia, Alumen Exsiccutum,
 Argenti Nitras. Cupri Sub-Acetas, Cupri Sulphas,
 Sabina,  Sncidinrum Purissimum.
   B. Actual  Canter-ants. — Caloric, White Hot
 Iron,  Moxa.
   C. Potential Oauterants.—Acidum Arseniosum,
 Acidum Nitricum, Acidum Sulphuricum,  Anti-
 monii Murias,  Argenti  Nitras,  Calx, Potassa
 Potassa  cum Calce, Zinci Chloridum.
   DER1YAT0R1US,  Derivative.
   DERMA, Cutis.
   DERMAD, see Dermal  Aspect.
  DERMAL, Dermic,  Dernullis, Der'micus, from
 Seppa,  'the skin.'  Relating or belonging to the
 skin.
  Dermal Aspect.  An aspect towards the skin
 or external surface.—Barclay.   Dermad  is used
 adverbially by  the same  writer  to  signify 'to-
 wards tbe dermal aspect.'
  DERMAL'GIA, properly Dermntal'gia,  Dcr-
 matodyn'ia, from Sepua, 'the  skin,' and  a\yos,
 'pain.'  Pain in the skin.  Neuralgia  of the
 skin.  Rheumatic Dermalgia or  Rheumatism of
 the skin is  a form of neuralgia,  which is referred
 at times, to the nervous trunks, muscles, Ac, but
 appears to  be seated  in the cutaneous nerves.
  DERMATAGRA,  Pellagra.
  DERMATALGIA, Dermalgia.
  DERMATANEU'RIA,  Adermoner'via,  from
Stpua, Sepparos, 'skin,' a, priv., and vevpov, 'nerve.'
 Paralysis or loss of sensibility of the skin.
  DERMATAIXE, Dermatophytna.
  DERMATIATRI'A, from Seppa, Sipparos,' skin,' 
DERMATITIS
288
DESMOID
and tarpcta, 'healing.'  Healing of cutaneous dis-
eases.  The treatment  of diseases of the skin—
Diadermiatri'a,  Dermatocratla.
  DERMATITIS, Cytitis, Erysipelatous inflam-
mation.
  DERMATOCHOLOSTS, Icterus.
  DERMATOCHYSIS, Anasarca.
  DERMATOCRATIA, see  Dermatiatria.
  DERMATODES. Dermatoid.
  DERMATODYNTA. Dermalgia.
  DER'MATOID,  Dermatoi'des,  Dermato'des,
Derrno'i'des,  Dermo'des,  Dermoid, from  Stppa,
Sepparos. 'the skin,' and ciSos, 'form.' That wbich
is  similar to the skin.  This name is  given  to
different  tissues, which resemble  the skin.   The
dura mater has been so called by  some.
  3Iorbi  dermato'des, chronic cutaneous diseases
  DERMATOL'OGY,  Dermatolog" ia,  Dermol-
ogy, from Sepiia, Scpparos,  'the  skin,'  and Aoyos,
'a discourse.'  A discourse or treatise of the skin.
  DERMATOPATHIA, Cutaneous disease.
  DERMATOPERISCLERISMUS, Induration
of the cellular tissue.
  DERMATOPERISCLEROSIS, Induration of
the cellular tissue.
  DERMATOPHILUS, Chique.
  DERM ATOPIIY'MA, Dermataux'e, from Stppa,
Stpparos,  'skin,' and tjrvpa, 'tumour/  A tumefac-
tion of the skin.
  DERMATOP1IYMATA VENEREA, Condy-
lomata.
  DERMATOPHYTE,  properly Dermatoph'yti
(Morbi),  from Stppa, Senpnros, 'skin,' and tpvrov,
'a vegetable.'  An order of cutaneous  diseases,
including those that  depend  on, or are character-
ized by,  the presence of parasitic plants.  It is
made to include Porrigo and Sycosis.
  DERMATORRHAG"IA,  from Stppa, Sepparos,
'skin,' and payn, 'rupture.'   A discharge of blood
from the skin.
  DERMATORRHCS'A,  from  Stppa,  Stpparog,
'skin,' and  pew,  ' I flow.'  A morbidly increased
secretion from the skin.
  DERMATOSCLEROSIS, Callosity.
  DERMATOSES, Cutaneous diseases.
  DERMATOSTES  VEROLEUSES,  Syphi-
lides.
  DERMATOSPASMUS, Horrida cutis.
  DERMATOTYLO.MA, Callosity.
  DERMATOTYLOSIS, Callosity.
  DERMATOTYLUS, Callosity.
  DERME, Cutis.
  DERMIC, Der'micus,  Dermalicus, Dermali-
nus. Dermatic,  Dermal, Derma'lis; from Sepua,
'skin.'  Relating to the skin.
  DERMITIS,  Cvtitis.
  DERMODES, Dermatoid.
  DEF^lOG'nAPllY,Dermograph'ia, from Stppa,
'the skin,'  and  ypatyur, 'I describe.'  An anato-
mical description of the skin.
  DERMOHJE'MIA, from  Septra, 'skin,' and
'ntpa,  'blood.'  Hyperaemia  or congestion of the
skin.
  DERMOID. Dermatoid.
  DERMOLOGY, Dermatology.
  DERM'OPHYTE, Dermatophyte, same  ety-
mon.  A parasitic vegetable growth on the skin.
  DERMO-SKELETON. see Skeleton.
  DERMO-SYPIIILIDES, Si/philides.
  DERMOT'OMY, Dermotom'ia, from Scppa, 'the
skin,' and rtpvetv,  'to cut.'   The part of anatomy
which treats of the structure of the skin.
  DERODYMUS. Dicephalus.
  DERONCUS, Bronchocele.
  DERTRON.   This word, which is  used by
Hippocrates, signified,  according  to some,  the
omentum or peritoneum, but according to others,
the small intestine.  See Epiploon.
  DES A L TE RANTS, Refrigerants.
  DISARTICULATION (F.),  from  de,  and
articulus,  'a joint.'  Disjoint'ing.   A word used
to express the part of the  operation, in amputa-
tion at an articulation, which consists in dividing
the  ligaments, and separating the articular sur-
faces.  The  word  has, also,  been  used for that
kind  of  anatomical  preparation, the  object  of
which  is to  separate  the  different  bones of the
skeleton, and especially those of the head.
  DESASSIMILATION, see Assimilation.
  DESCALORINESES,  from de, 'from,' and
color, 'heat.'  A  name given by Baumes to dis-
eases  which  are  characterized  by diminished
heat.
  DESCEMET, MEMBRANE OF, see Aqueous
Humour, and Cornea.
  DESCEMETITIS. A term improperly formed,
and really signifying 'inflammation of Desccmet.'
Inflammation of the membrane of Descemet.
  DESCENDENS NONI,  see Hypoglossus.
  DESCENSIO, Catabasis.
  DESCENSUS,   Catabasis —d.  Testiculorum,
Orchido-catabasis.
  DESCENTE, Hernia — d. de la 3Iatrice, Pro-
cidentia uteri.
  DESECTUS, Castratus.
  DESENFL URE, Ditumescence.
  DESIILER'S SALVE, Ceratum resinae compo-
situm.
  DESTCCANTIA, Desiccativa.
  DESirOATIO,  Draining—d. Ilerbarum, Dry-
ing of  plants.
  DESICCATION, Drying.
  DESICCATI'VA, Desicarltia, Siccan'tia, Ex-
siccatlva, from desiccare, (de, and siccare, sicca.
turn, 'to  dry,') 'to dry  up.' (F.) Desslccatifs.
Remedies, which,  when applied externally, dry
up the humours or moisture from a wound.
  DISINFECTANT, Disinfectant.
  DISINFECTION, Disinfection.
  DESIPIENTIA, Delirium.
  DESIRE, Libido—d. Venereal, Appetite, vene-
real, see  Libido.
  DES'MA, Des'me, Des'mus.  A bandage,a liga-
ment.  Hence:
  DESMATUR'GIA, from Scapa. 'bandage,'and
tpyov,  'work.'  The doctrine of the application
of bandages.   Bandaging.
  DESMEDION, Fasciculus.
  D ESMEI rN, Ligam en tous.
  DESMIOGNATHUS, (F.) Desmiognathe, from
Stopos,  'ligament,' and yvados,  'jaw.'   A double
parasitic  monster, Order, Polygnathiens, charac-
terized by a supernumerary imperfect bead, which
is united, under the neck,  by muscular  and cuta-
neous, but no bony attachments, to the principal
subject.   '
  DESMI'TIS, Desmophlogo'sis, Desmophlof'iu,
from  Seapn,  'a ligament,' and itis, denoting in-
flammation.   Inflammation of ligaments.
  DESMOCHAUNO'SIS, from Stapo%, 'ligament,'
and xaworois, 'relaxation.'   Relaxation of an ar-
ticular ligament.
  DESMODYN'IA, from Seapn, 'ligament,' and
oSwrj, 'pain.'  Pain in the ligaments.
  DESMOG'RAPHY, Desmograpllia,  from Stir-
po%, 'a ligament,'  and ypatpn,  'a description.'  An
anatomical description of  the ligaments.
  DESMOID, Desmoides, Desmo'des, from i5r<n«>5,
'a ligament,' and etSos, 'resemblance.' Having
the character of, or resembling, ligament.
  Desmoid Tissue, from Stapos, 'a ligament,'and
ttSoc,  'shape.'  Ligamentous Tissue, Textus del-
mo'sits.   This  tissue  is very generally diffused
over the  human body  ; has a very close connexion
with the areolar tissue, and  is continuous with it 
DESMOLOGY
289
DEVELOPMENT
in divers  places.  It constitutes  the ligaments,
aponeuroses, Ac.
  DESMOL'OGY, Desmolog"ia, from  Scapoc, 'a
ligament,' and  Xoyos, 'a discourse,'  'a treatise.'
That part of anatomy which describes  the liga-
ments.
  DESMOP'ATHY, Desmopathla, from  Scapos,
'ligament,'and itaQot, 'disease.'  Disease of the
ligaments.
  DESMOPTILOGIA, Desmitis.
  DESMORRHEX'IS,  from Scouos, 'a ligament,'
 nnd pnfa, 'rupture.'  Rupture of an  articular
 ligament.
  DESMOS, Ligament.
   DES.MOSUS, Ligamentous.
   DESMOT'OMY, Desmotom'ia, from Siapog,  'a
 ligament,' and repveiv, 'to cut.'  The part of ana-
 tomy which teaches the mode of  dissecting the
 ligaments.
   DESORSTRUANT, Deobstruent.
   DtSORSTRUCTIF, Deobstruent.
   DESOPILATIF, Deobstruent.
   DESORGANISA TION, Disorganization.
   DESOXYGENESES, from de,  and o.ry^en.
  M. Baumes includes under this title an order of
  diseases, which he  considers dependent upon a
  diminution in the quantity of the  oxygen neces-
  sary for the animal economy.
   DESPOTA TS (F.).   Infirm soldiers, formerly
  charged with the office  of removing  the wounded
  from the field of battle : perhaps from clesporta-
  tor, 'one who bears away.'  The class of Despo-
  tats was introduced by Leo VI., at the commence-
  ment of the 9th century.
    DESPU.M ATION, Despuma'tio, Apaphris'mos,
  Epaphris'mos,  from despumare, (de, and spuma,)
  'to skim,' 'to remove the froth.'   The separation
  of the froth and  other impurities, which rise, by
  the action of the  fire, to the surface of any fluid.
    DESQUAMATION,  Desquama'tio  Cutis, Ec-
  lep'isis,  Aposyr'ma, Apolep'isis,  Apolepis'mus,
  Moulting, from desquamare, (de, and squama, 'a
  scale,') 'to scale  off.'  Exfoliation,  or separation
  of the epidermis, in the  form of scales, of a greater
  or less  size,  Furfura'tio,  Defurfura'tio.  This
  affection is a common consequence of exanthema-
  tous diseases.
    DESQDAMATORIUS, Exfoliative.
    DESSECIIEMENT, Atrophy, Draining.
    DESSIGA TIES, Desicativa.
    DESSICCA TION, Desiccation.
    DESTILLATIO, Coryza, Distillation—d. Pec-
  toris, Catarrh—d. Uteri, Leucorrhoea.
    DESTRUCT10, Diaphthora.
    DESUDATIO, Ephidro'sis, Sudam'ina, Hi-
  dro'a, from desudare, (de, and sudare,) 'to sweat.'
  Desudation means a profuse and inordinate sweat-
  ing, a mucksweat; but, most commonly, the term
  is applied to an eruption of small pimples, similar
  to millet seed, which appears chiefly on children,
  and is owing to want of cleanliness.
    DESYMPHYSER, see Symphyseotomy.
    DETENTIO, Catalepsy.
    DETERGENS, Abstergent.
    DETER'GENTS, from detergere, (de, and ter-
  gere, 'to clean,')  'to cleanse.'  Detergen'tia, De-
  terto'ria, Extergen'tia,  Abstergen'tia, Abstersi'va,
  Abstemo'ria, Abluen'tia, Traumalica, Smec'tica,
  Emnndan'tia,  3Tundificatlva,   3Tundifican'tia,
  Rhyp'tica, Abster'sives, (F.) Ditersifis, 3Inndifica-
  tifs.  Abluents.   Medicines,  which  possess  the
  power  to  deterge or cleanse parts, as wounds,
  ulcers, Ac.  They belong  to the class of stimu-
  lants,  or to that of emollients.
    DETERMINATION, Determina'tio, from de,
  and terminus, 'a  boundary.'  Strong  direction to
  a given point; — ns  'a determination  of blood to
  the head.'
         19
  DETERSIFS, Detergents.
  DETERSORIA, Detergents.
  DETERSO'RIUM, from  detergere, detersum,
'to  cleanse.'   The place, in ancient bathing es-
tablishments, where the bather was cleansed and
dried.
  DETESTATIO, Castratio.
  DE TORSE, Sprain.
  DETRACTIO  SANGUINIS, Bloodletting.
  DETRITUS,  from  deterere, (de, and terere,
tritum,  'to rub,') 'to bruise or  wear out.'  Tbe
residuum,  occupying the place of  the  organic
texture of parts which have undergone disorgani-
zation.
  DETROIT ABD03IINALE, Pelvis (brim)—
d. Infirieur,  Pelvis  (outlet)—d. Pirinial, Pelvis
(outlet)—d. Supirieur; Pelvis (brim.)
  DETRONCATION, Detruncatio.
  DETRUNCATION, Detr-unca'tio, (F.) Ditron-
cation, from de, and truneus, 'a trunk.'   Separa-
tion of the trunk from the head of the foetus, tbe
latter remaining in the uterus.
  DETRU'SION, Detru'sio; same etymon as the
next.   The act of thrusting or forcing down or
away.  Applied by Dr. AValshe to lateral displace-
ment of the heart by extraneous pressure.
  DETRU'SOR  URFN.E,  Promisor;  from de-
trudere, (de,  and trudere,  trusum, 'to thrust,') 'to
thrust down  or from.'  The muscular coat of the
urinary bladder was formerly so called.   It was,
also, named  Constrictor Vesica Urina'ria.
  DETU3IESCENCE (F.), Detumescen'tia, from
detumere, (de, and tumere, 'to swell,')  'to cease
to swell.'  A  diminution of  swelling.  This word
has nearly the same signification as the French
word Disenfiure.  The latter is,  however, more
particularly applied to the diminution of oedema
or  anasarca; the former, to the  resolution of a
tumour properly so called.
   DEUNX.   The ancient name of a weight of 11
ounces, supposing the pound to consist of 12.
   DEURENS (FEBRIS.) Causus.
   DEUS COPULATIONIS, Cupido.
   DEUTERANffiA, Dementia.
   DEUTERI'A, from Sevrtpoc,  'the second.' Vo-
gel has used this term for the symptoms produced
by retention  of the secundines.  The word  was
also applied, by the Greeks, to a  second  or infe-
rior wine.
   DEUTERION, Secundines.
   DEUTEROPATHI'A,  Hysteropathla, 3Iorbus
secunda'rius, from  Stvrepoc,  'the second,'  and
 Tra-3-of, 'disease.'   A secondary disease.  One pro-
 duced  by another,  and of which it is  only, in
 some  measure, symptomatic, or the sympathetic
 effect.
   DEUTEROS'COPY, Deuteroscop'ia,  from Sev-
 repos, 'the secondhand aKontur, 'I  view.'  Second
 sight.  A fancied power  of seeing future things
 or events.
   DEUTO, Stvrepoe, 'second.'  A  prefix denoting
 two, or double,—as deutoxide, having two degrees
 of oxidation.
   DEUTOAZOTATE ACIDE LTQUIDE DE
 31ERCURE, see Hydrargyri nitras.
   DEVELOPMENT, Evohltio,  from  (F.) devt-
 lopper,  'to  unfold.'   (F.)  Divehrppement.   In
 Physiology,  it means growth or increase; and in
 Pathology, its  signification is similar.  It — as
 well as Differentiation—is at times used, in Phys-
 iology, for the kind of increase which takes place
 by the formation of new tissues  from  those al-
 ready existing, as in the embryo,  whilst growth is
 restricted to the increase of the same tissue.  By
 development of the pulse  is understood an  in-
 crease in its strength  and fulness.  Diseases of
 development, Morbi evolutio'nis, are such as  are
I peculiar to the period of growth. 
DEVERTICULUM
  'Taking  Developments.'   A  term used by
practical craniologists to signify the  act of mea-
suring prominences of the skull, which  are re-
garded  by them as  indicating tbe size of corre-
sponding cerebral  organs.
  Development, Vesicle of, see Vesicle of De-
velopment.
  DEVERTICULUM, Diverticulum.
  DEVIATION,  Devia'tio, from de, 'from,' and
via,  'the way.'  Out of the way.  By this word
is meant — a vicious curvature of the spine or
other bones; — faulty  direction  of the  teeth or
other part; — the passage of blood, bile, urine,
milk, Ac, into vessels not natural to them.
  DEVIATION DES REGLES, Menstruation
(vicarious.)
  DEVIL IN A BUSH, Nigella—d. Bit, Vera-
trum viride.
  DEVIL'S  BIT, Aletris farinosa, Scabiosa suc-
cisa, Chamaelirium luteum — d. Bite, Liatris — d.
Dung, Asafoetida — d. Shoestrings, Galega  Vir-
giniana.
  DEVIRGINATION, Defloration, Stuprum.
  DEVISCERATION, Exenterismus.
  DEVOIEMENT, Diarrhoea.
  DEWBERRY, AMERICAN, see Rubus caesius
—d. Plant, Rubus caesius.
  DEWCLAWS, Crusta genu equina?.
  DEXIOCAR'DIA, from Se^og, 'right,' and Kap-
Sia,  ' the heart.'  A case in which the  heart is
found to beat on the right side.  It is met with
occasionally in pleurisy and pneumothorax.
  DEXIS, Degmus.
  DEXTANS.  A weight of 10 ounces, suppos-
ing the pound to consist of 12.
  DEXTERINA, Dextrine.
  DEXTRAD,  from  dexter,  'right-handed.'  A
term used adverbially by Dr. Barclay to signify
'towards the dextral aspect.'   See Mesial.
  Dextral Aspect, see Mesial.
  DEXTRAL'ITY,  from dexter, 'right.'  The
state of being on  the right side.  Right-handed-
ness.  The state of being  right-handed.
  DEXTRIN, Dextrine, Dextrlnum.  Dexteri'na,
British gum, Artific"ial gum,  from dexter, 'right-
handed.'  So called, from its  refracting the rays,
in  the  polarization of light, more to the right
hand than any substance known.  A substance
obtained by the continued action of diluted  sul-
phuric acid upon  starch at the boiling point.  It
is used in  the treatment of fractures, by the 'im-
movable apparatus.'   The bandages are soaked in
a solution, in water,  of the dextrine — previously
moistened thoroughly with tincture of camphor,
to  prevent it from  leaking  when  the  water is
added.   The solution should be of the consistence
of molasses.
   DEXTRINUM, Dextrine.
   DI, St, Sic,  'bis, twice, double.'  Hence, Dicro-
tus,  Digastricus, Ac
   DIA,  Sia, in composition,  'through,  asunder,
out  of, separated.'   When prefixed to any thera-
peutical agent, it meant, in ancient pharmacy, a
preparation into which that agent entered.
  DIABEBOS, Astragalus, Malleolus.
  DIABETE, Diabetes—d. Chyleux, Chyluria—
d. Faux, see Diabetes—d. Insipide, see  Diabetes
—d.  Sucri, Diabetes (mellitus.)
  DIABETES, from  Sia, < through,' and faivur,
' I  pass.'   Urlna  profiu'vium,  Hyperdiure'sis,
Sipho urlna, Urorrhag" ia,  Polyn'ria,  Hydrops
ad Mat'ul-am seu 3Iatella, Polyure'sis, Uroze'mia,
 Ureorrhoe'a, Dip'sacos, Diarrhte'a  in Urind seu
urino'sa, (F.) Diabete, Flux d'Urine.  A  disease,
characterized by great augmentation and often
manifest alteration in the secretion of urine; with
excessive thirst, and progressive emaciation.  Cul-
len has described two species: — Diabetes insip'-
0             DIACHALASIS
 idus and D. 3Tclli'tus; tho former, (F.) Diabhs
 faux ou insipide, Diabite, being, simply, a super-
 abundant discharge of limpid urine, of its usual,
 urinary taste: the latter, D. Mellitus, called, also,
 Paru'ria 3Ielllta, Diabetes An'glicus seu vents,
 Melitu'ria, 31 elithy peril ria, Glucosu'ria, Glycyr-
 rhte'a  urino'sa,  Uroze'mia melllta, Sacchiiror-
 rhoe'a  urino'sa, Phthisn'ria,  Uro-phthi'sis, Tabet
 diuret'ica seu  diabe'tica, Dyspep'sia saccharin".
 ena, Apoceno'sis Diabetes  3lelli'tus, Sac'charine
 diabetes,  (F.) Diabete sucri, Hyperurorrhie sac-
 charine, Phthisurie sucrie, — falls  under tbe defi-
 nition  given above.  The quantity of  urine, dis-
 charged in the 24 hours, is sometimes  excessive,
 amounting to 30 pints and upwards; each pint
 containing sometimes 2J oz. saccharine matter.
 This  replaces  the  urea, which is not found  in
 quantity  in the urine of those labouring under
 diabetes.  Where the  disease is  situate is not
 clear.  The wliole system  of  nutrition, however,
 seems  to  be morbidly implicated.   A part of tho
 urine must be formed at the  expense of the sys-
 tem, as the egesta frequently far exceed the  solid
 and liquid  ingesta.  On  dissection, no  morbid
 appearance is met with, sufficient to enable us to
 fix on  the seatu)f this distressing affection.
    All  the reuredies  that  have been tried have
 usually been found insufficient in D. 3Iellitns.
    D. insip'idus, Hyperure'sis aqno'sa, Hytlru'riti,
 Hydrure'sis, Paru'ria incon'tinens aqno'sa, Dia-
 be'tes  spu'rius,  Urorrhoe'a,  U'real Diabetes, (F.)
 Polyurie, Hyperurrorrhie, Diabete insipide, Faux
 diabete, which  occurs in hysterical habits, and
 has, hence,  been called D. hystericus,  is of com-
 paratively trifling moment.  Exclusive diet, and
 attention to the state of the cutaneous transpira-
 tion, which  have sometimes produced good effects
 in D. Mellitus, have  most commonly failed.
    Diabetes Anglicus, see Diabetes — d. Chylo-
 sus, Chyluria—d. Insipidus, see  Diabetes — d.
 Lactcus,  Chyluria—d. Mellitus, see Diabetes — d.
 Spurius,  see Diabetes — d. Ureal,  see Diabetes —
 d. Verus, Diabetes (mellitus.)
    DIABET'IC,  Dinbe'ticus, (F.) Diabetique.
 Same  etymon.  Relating to diabetes.
    Diabetic Sugar, see Glucose.
    DIABOT'ANUM,  from Sia, and Poravr,, 'an
 herb.'  A medicine, prepared with  herbs.—Galen.
    DIABROSIS, Erosion, Corrosion.
    DIABROTICUS,  from Sia, and ^porasor, 'I eat
 or corrode.'  A substance, capable of causing ero-
 sion of the part to which  it is applied.  It ordi-
 narily means a medicine, whose activity places it
 between  esc-harotics and caustics.   See Corrosive.
    DIACAR'YON,  from Sia, and  Kapvuv, 'a nut.'
 Rob nucum.   The rob of nuts or of walnuts.
    DIACASSIA CUM MANNA, Confectio cassiic.
    DIACATHOL'ICON, Diacatholicum, from iia,
 and Ka%\tKos, 'universal.' The name of a purge,
 so called from its general  usefulness.  It was an
 electuary, and composed of the pulp of cassia,
 tamarinds, leaves of senna, root of polypody, flow-
 ers  of the  violet,  rhubarb root,  aniseed, sugar,
 liquorice, and fennel.
    DIACAU'SIS, from Siaxam, (Sia, and wiu,)  'I
 burn through.'   Excestive heat.  Over-heating,
    DIACAUST'IC, Diacauslicus.   Snme etymon.
 That which is caustic by refraction ; as a double
 convex lens, which  has been sometimes used for
 cauterizing an  ulcer by directing the sun's rays
 upon it.
    DIACELTATESSON  PARACELSI, Pulvis
 Cornachini.
    DIACHALASIS,  from StaxaUciv,  (Sia, !»><•
 Xa><ativ,) ' to be open  or relaxed.' Hippocrates u»h
 this word for fracture of the  bones of the skull;
 or for  relaxation and separation of the sutur- s. in
 consequence  of a wound of the  head. — IIij»po-
I crates. 
DIACIIALCITEOS           291               DIALEPSIS
  DTACHALCIT'EOS, from Sia, and xa*KlTl<r
' chalcitis or colcothar.'  A  plaster, whose com-
position is  the same as  that of the diapalma,
except that, in place of  the sulphate of zinc, a
mixture of oil and colcothar  is substituted.
  DIACHEIRIS'MOS, Diacheir'isis, Tracta'tio
nranua'ria,  from Sta, and  xtlP' ' ^ne  hand.'  The
preparation, administration, and dispensing  of
medicines.—Hippocrates.
  DIACIIORE'MA, Diachore'sis, from Staxwptta,
(Sta, and x®Ptwr ' I  retire,') ' I separate  from.'
Every kind of excreted  matter and excretion ;
but more particularly the faeces and  alvine excre-
tion.—Foesius, Gorraeus.   See Excrement.
   Diachorema Xysmatodes, see Ramenta intes-
tinorum.
   DIACHORESIS, Excretion.
   DIACIIRISIS, Inunction.
   DIACHRIST'A, from Sta, and xP"->, ' I anoint'
 Medicines,  applied as  abstergents to the  velum
 palati, the palate itself,  the tongue, Ac.   Pro-
 bably gargles.—Paulus of ^Egina.
   DIACH'YLON, Diacllylum, Emplas'trum dia-
 ach'ylnn, from Sta, and ;^t>Aoj, 'juice;' i. e. com-
 posed of juices.  The  plaster of this name was
 formerly made of certain juices.   The term is
 now confined to the  Emplastrum  Plumbi  or
 Lead Plaster.
   Diachylon cum Gummi, Emplastrum gummo-
 sum—d. Gomme, Emplastrum cum gummi-resinis
 —d. Gum,  Emplastrum gummosum—d. Magnum
 cum gummi, Emplastrum galbani comp.—d. Sim-
 plex, Emplastrum plumbi—d. White, Emplastrum
 plumbi—d. Yellow, Emplastrum gummosum.
   DIACHYTTCA,  from Sta, and  xvwr 'I Pour
 out,'' I melt.'  Medicines which discuss tumours.
   DIACINE'MA, from Sta, and Kiveor, 'I move.'
 A  slight  dislocation.— Celsus, Galen.  A sub-
 luxation.
   DIACLASIS, Refraction.
   DIAC'LYSIS, Diaclys'mus, from  Sia, and k\v-
 £ttv, ' to wash out.'   Rinsing or cleansing—espe-
 cially of the mouth.
   DIACLYSMA, Gargarism.
   DIACOCCYMELON, Diaprunum.
   DIACODION, Syrupus papaveris.
   DIACO'DIUM, Confec'tio ex Capit'ibusPapav'-
 eris, from Sta, and  KtaSia,  'a poppyhead.'  (F.)
 Diuende.  The ancients  had various forms  for
 preparing  it.  The  Syrup of Poppies—Syru'pus
 Papav'eris seu Diaco'dion — is now substituted
 for it.
   DIACOPE, Abscission, Dissection, Intersection.
   Diac'ope,  En'cope, from Sia, and Ko-irretv, 'to
 cut.'  A cut, incision, fissure, or  longtitudinal
 fracture.   When  used, since Galen, it generally
 signifies an oblique incision, made in the cranium
 by a sharp instrument, without the piece  being
 removed.  It is not  now employed.
   Diac'opB  Cra'nii,  Pracis'io  seu  Dissec'tio
 Crilnii.  Opening the head; and  separation of
 the bones of the cranium.
   DIACOPR/E'GIA,  from  Sta, Korrpos,  'excre-
 ment,'and aif, atyo(, 'a goat.'  A  name given,
 in Blancard's Lexicon, to a medicine, composed
 of goat's dung, which the ancients praised in dis-
 eases of the spleen,  parotids, Ac.
   DIAC'RISES, from Sta, and xpivor, 'I separate.'
 A class  of diseases  characterized by alterations
 of secretion.—Gendrin.
   D I AC R I S 10 (}' R APHY, Diacrisiograph'ia,
 from StaKpian, 'separation,' and ypwprj, 'a descrip-
 tion.'  A description of the organs  of secretion.
  DIACRIT'ICA SIG'NA. Same etymon  Signs
by which one disease can be accurately discrimi-
nated from another .—differencial diagno'sis.
  DIACYDONITES,  Cydoniatum.
  DIADE'MA,  Fascia cap'itis,  Redimie'ulum,
from StaSeta, (Sia, and  Seiv, ' to bind.')  ' I bind
round.'   A sort of bandage; advised in headach,
in which  relaxation  of the sutures  was appre-
hended.—Forestus.
  DIADERMIATRIA, Endermic method.
  DIADEX'IS, Diad'oche, 3fetatopto'sis,  from
SiaSexopat, (Sia, and Scxopai, 'to take or receive.')
'I transfer,' ' I succeed to.'  A transformation of
a disease  into another, differing from the former
both in its nature and seat.
  DIADOCHE, Diadexis.
  DIAD'OSIS, from Siattowpi, 'to distribute.' In
some authors, it means the distribution of nutri-
tive matter over the whole body,—in other words,
nutrition ; whilst, in others, it is synonymous with
the remission or cessation of a disease.
  DLED03'US, from«5i, 'double,'and aiSota, 'the
parts of generation.'   A  monster whose organs
of generation and urinary bladder are double.  It
has only been observed in animals.
  DI^E'RESIS, from  Siaipeor, (Sta, and  atpeut,  'I
take away,') ' I divide,' ' I separate.'  A division
or solution of continuity.   A  surgical operation,
which consists in dividing any part of the body.
Hamorrhag"iaper dia'resin is hemorrhage owing
to separation or division of vessels.
  Diuresis Ungulje, Onychoptosis.
  DLERETICUS, Caustic.
  DliETA, Diet—d. Lactea, Galactodiaeta.
  DI^ETE'MA, has  the   same   signification  aa
diet, with most authors.   Galen  gives it a more
extensive meaning,  comprising,  under it, what
constitutes Hygiene.
  DLETETICA, Dietetics.
  DIAGNOSE, Diagnosticate.
  DIAGNO'SIS, Digno'tio, Diagnos'tlcc, Depre-
herlsio, from <W, and yivorasiji,  'I know.'   Discri-
mination, (F.) Diagnose, Diagnostique. That part
of medicine whose object is the discrimination of
diseases, and the knowledge of the pathognomonic
signs of each.   It is  one  of  the  most important
branches of general pathology.
  Diagnosis, Differential, see Diacritica signa.
  DIAGNOSTIC, Discreti'rus,  Diagnos'ticus;
(F.) Diagnostique.  Same etymon.  A symptom
which is characteristic of  a disease.
  DIAGNOSTICATE, — sometimes  diagnose.
To discriminate one disease or phenomenon from
another.
  DIAGRYDIUM, Convolvulus scammonia.
  DlAGRYD'lUM Cydonia'tum, from diagrydinm,
'scammony,' and  cydonium,  'quince.'  A  phar-
maceutical preparation, obtained  by inspissating
and drying, by means of heat, two parts of scam-
mony, and one  of quince juice. It was  formerly
used as an energetic purgative.
  Diagryd'ium Glycyrrhiza'tum.   An  analo-
gous preparation, containing extract of liquorice
in place of quince  juice.
  Diagryd'ium Sui.phura'tum.  Scammony,
which has been exposed to the vapour of burning
sulphur.  These diagrydia are not now  used.
  DIALEIPSIS, Apyrexia, Intermission.
  DIALEIPYRA, Intermittent fever.
  DIALEMMA, Apyrexia.
  DIALEP'SIS. Intercep'tio, from Sta\ap8arui,  'I
intercept.' — Hippocrates  employs this word for 
DIALIPSIS               292         DIAPHRAGMATIC
the interstices, or intervals, left between the turns
of a bandage.
  DIALIPSIS, Apyrexia, Intermissio.
  DIAL'YSIS,  Dissohltio, from Sia,  and \vois,
'solution.'   A  dissolution or loss  of strength;
Resohltio  vir'ium.   Weakness  of  the limbs.
Also, a solution of continuity.
  DTAMANT, Diamond.
  DIAMASTEMA, Masticatory.
  DIAM'BRA  SPE'CIES.   A name given by
the ancients  to  powders, one of which bore the
name — Spe'cies diam'bra sine odora'tis, — the
other, that of  Spe'cies diam'bra  cum odora'tis.
The former was composed of cinnamon,  angelica
root,  cloves, mace,  nutmeg, galanga, cardamom,
and  numerous  other  substances; the  latter, be-
sides, had ambergris and musk.   These  powders
were used  as tonics,  in cases of debility of the
stomach, and in certain nervous affections.
  DIAMETERS OF THE PELVIS, see Pelvis.
  DIAMNES,  Enuresis.
  DI'AMOND,  Ad'amas, (from a, privative, and
Sapaiir, 'I conquer.')  'Invincible;' (F.) Diamant.
So called from its hardness.  It is the most pre-
cious of  all stones, and was formerly conceived
to possess extraordinary cordial virtues.
  DIAMO'RUM,  Rob  ex moris,  from Sta,  and
pwpov, 'a mulberry.'  An ancient syrup prepared
with honey and mulberry juice. It was employed
as a gargle in sore throat.—Galen.
  DIAMOTO'SIS,  from  poroc, • charpie,''lint.'
The introduction of lint into an ulcer or wound.
  DIANA, Argentum.
  DIANANCAS'MUS, from Sta,  and avayKafa,
' I force.'  Coaptation, reduction of a fractured
or luxated limb.
  DIANOEMA, Imagination.
  DIANTHUS CARYOPHYL'LUS,  from  An,
Aius, 'Jove.' [?] av§os,' flower,' and caryophyllum,
' the  clove.'  Clove Pink.   Also  called  Caryo-
phyllum rnbrum, Tu'nica, T. horterisis seu rubra,
Caryophyllus horterlsis, Clove July  flower,  Gil-
Uflower, Oarna'tion, (Sc.) Jeroffleris, Geraflouris.
Order, Caryophylleas.   (F.) CEillet girofiie.  The
flowers were  once much used; but are now only
employed in syrup,  as a  useful and pleasant
vehicle for other medicines.
  DIAPAL'MA, Pho?.nic"ium Emplas'trum.  A
plaster composed of equal parts of litharge,  olive
oil, axunge, water, a certain quantity of sulphate
of zinc dissolved in water, and white wax.   It is
classed amongst the  topical, desiccative, emol-
lient, resolvent, detersive, and cicatrizing medi-
cines.  Mixed with a  quarter of its  weight of
olive oil, it acquires the  consistence of an  oint-
ment, and forms the Cerate of Diapalma.
  DIAPASMA, Catapasma.
  DIAPEDE'SIS, Transuda'tio,  Persnda'tio,
Persulta'tio,  from  SiannSati),  (Sta,  and  irr)Sato,) ' I
leap through.'   Exhalation,  as of blood, in the
form of dew,  at the surface of the skin, or of any
membrane; Sweating of blood, (F.) Sueur de Sang,
Hamorrhag'fia per diapede'sin, Hamatopede'sis,
Hamidro'sis.
  DIAPENSIA CORTUSA, Sanicula.
  DIAPENTES or DIAPENTE, from Sta, and
rrtvTn, 'five.'  A medicine composed of five in-
gredients.  See Diatessaron.
  DIAPHffi'NICON,  Diaphce'nix,  3Iedicamen'-
tum ex Palmulis, from Sia, and tfiotvt^,  tpoiviKos, 'a
date.' A drastic electuary, of which the date was
the chief excipient.
  DIAPHORE'SIS,  from  Sia<t>opeut  (Sta,   and
tpoptia, 'I convey,') 'I  dissipate.'  (F.) Diapho-
vhse. A greater degree of perspiration  than natu-
ral, but less  than in sweating.  Every  kind of
cutaneous evneuation.
  DIAPHORET'IC.  Same etymon.  Diapno'-
icus,  Diaphorclicus,  (F.)  Diajthoritiqne.   A
medicine which excites  diaphoresis.   Diaphore-
tics are very uncertain as a class.  The following
is a list of the most reputed:—Ammoniae  Acetatis
Liquor; Ammoniae Carbonas ;  Antimonialis pub
vis; Antimonii et  Potassae  Tartras;  Antimonii
Sulphuretum praecipitatum;  Asclepias tuberosa;
Camphora;  Contrayerva; Dulcamara;  Eupato-
rium perfoliatum ; Guaiaci Lignum ; Guaiacum;
Ipecacuanha; Mezereum; Opium, and its active
principle Morphia; Sarsaparilla; Sassafras; Ser-
pentaria;  Spiritus  iEtheris Nitrici;  Sulphur;
Xanthoxylum; Caloric; Exercise, (active;) and
Friction.
  The epithet  Diaphoretic has also been given,
by some, to  continued fever, accompanied with
constant perspiration.
  Diaphoretic, Mineral, Antimonium  diapho-
reticum.
  DIAPHORETICUM  JOVIALE,  see Anti-
hectic
  DI'APHRAGM,  Diaphrag'ma,  Diaplirax'is,
Respirato'rium  Ventris,  Discreto'riurn, Phrenes,
Septum transver'sum,  Discri'men  Thorn'cis et
Ventris,  Disceptum,  Cine'tus,  Diazo'ma, Prce-
cinc'tns, Diazos'ma,  Diazos'tra, Ilypezn'cus, Ilij.
pozo'ma, Perizo'ma, Dissep'tum, Dissip'ium, 1'rtp-
cor'dia,  Succin'gens  membra'na seu mus'ciilus,
Succinc'tus,   Succinctu'ra, the 3Iidriff,  (Prov.)
Heart-scirts,  from Sta, 'between,' and fpaaaor, 'I
close.'  A large, azygous muscle ; stretched trans-
versely between the thoracic and abdominal ca-
vities, which it separates from each other; tendi-
nous in the centre; thin, almost circular,and un-
equally convex, upwards.  It is fleshy at its cir-
cumference, which  is attached to  the cartilage
ensiformis, to the last six ribs, to  the aponeurosis
stretched from  the last rib to the transverse pro-
cess of the  first lumbar vertebra ; and, lastly, to
the bodies of the  first thre« or four lumbar verte-
brae, When it contracts, its fibres become straight,
the chest  is  enlarged, and the abdomen  dimin-
ished.   It is then an inspiratory muscle.  It may,
also, diminish the capacity of the chest,  and be
an expiratory muscle.  The muscle plays an im-
portant part in sighing, yawning, coughing,sneez-
ing, laughing, sobbing, crying, hiccoughing, sing-
ing, vomiting,  and excretion  of the  faeces and
urine, the expulsion  of the fcetus, Ac.
  DIAPHRAGMA AURIS, see  Tympanum-d.
Cerebri, Tentorium—d. Narium,  Septum  narium
— d. Ventriculorum lateralium cerebri,  Septum
lucidum.
  DIAPHRAGMAL'GIA,  Diaphragmatal'gia,
from  Siaippaypa,  StafipayfiaToc, ' the diaphragm,'
and aXyos, 'pain.'  Pain  in the  diaphragm.
  DIAPHRAGMATALGIA, Diaphragmalgia.
  DIAPHRAGMAT'IC, Diaphragmalicus, (F.)
Diaphragmatique.  Belonging to the diaphragm.
A name given to  several vessels and nerves.
  Diaphragmat'ic or Phrenic Ar'teries. These
are distinguished into superior and inferior. The
former, called, also,  supradiaphragmatic, arc
two in number, one on each side.  They arise from
the internal mammary, and descend  along the
phrenic nerve, to be distributed on  the upper
surface  of the  diaphragm.  The  latter or infra-
diaphragmat'ic  are  also two in  number. They
arise from the upper part of the abdominal aorta,
or from the  coeliac  artery, and divide into two
principal branches, which are distributed on the
lower surface of the diaphragm  and  in  its sub-
stance.
  The superior diaphragmat'ic veins follow tho
same  course as  the arteries, and  empty them-
selves — the  right, into  the vena cava superior) 
DIAPIIRAGMATITIS         293            DIARTHRODIAL
the lift, into tbe corresponding subclavian vein. '
The  two inferior diaphragmatic veins open into
the vena cava inferior.
  Diaphragmat'ic  Hbr'nia,  Phrenic  Hernia,
Diaphragmatoce'le.   The abdominal viscera are
occasionally protruded  through the diaphragm,
either through some of  the natural apertures in
the muscle, or  through  deficiencies, or wounds,
or lacerations in it.
   Diaphragmat'ic  or Phrenic Nerves,  Inter-
nal respiratory of  Sir Charles Bell, are  two in
number; one on the left  side, the  other  on the
right.   They arise  from the  second and third
nerves  of the cervical plexus, about the  middle
of the neck, and receive two  or three filaments
from the brachial plexus,  after which they de-
scend into the chest at the sides of the pericar-
 dium, and are distributed on the diaphragm.
   Diaphragmat'ic  Plex'uses are two in num-
 ber; one right, and the other left.  They arise
 from the upper part of the  solar  plexus,  by a
 small number of branches, which are distributed
 to the diaphragm, following exactly the branches
 of the inferior diaphragmatic arteries.
   Diaphragmat'ic  Ring,  (F.) Anneau diaphrag-
 tuatiqite of Chaussier,  is a name  given   to the
 irregularly quadrilateral aperture by  which the
 vena cava inferior passes through the diaphragm.
   DIAPIIRAGMATITIS, Diaphragmitis.
   DIAPHRAGMATOCELE, see Hernia.
   DIAPHRAGMITIS, from Statppaypa, ' the dia-
 phragm,' and itis,  a suffix denoting  inflamma-
 tion.  Diaphragmati'tis, Irrfiamma'tio septi trans-
 ver'si,  Paraphreni'tis, Empresma Pleuritis Dia-
 phragmat'ica,  Paraphrene'sis  Diaphragtrtulica,
 Infiammation of the Diaphragm.  The  terms,
 Paraphreni'tis  and  Paraphrene'sis  have been
 obtained from the Peripatetic philosophy, which
 supposed  the seat  of the tppi/v or  soul to be the
 pra'iordia. The essential  symptoms of diaphrag-
 mitis are :—painful constriction around the prae-
 curdia, with small, quick, laborious breathing.  It
 is a rare disease.
   DIAPHRATTON HYMEN, Mediastinum—d.
  Membrana, Mediastinum.
   DIAPHRAXIS,  Diaphragm.
   DIAPHTHORA,  Destruc'tio,  from Sia, and
  t$stpttv, ' to  corrupt.'   Corruption in general;
  more especially corruption of the foetus in utero.
 —Hippocrates. Also, corruption of the blood in
  the stomach.—Galen.  See Abortion.
   DIAPHYLACTIC, Prophylactic.
   DIAPII'YSIS, from  Siatfivur, 'I  rise between.'
  hiterstil'ium, Discrimina'tio : 'an interstice, in-
  terval, division.'  Any  thing  that  separates two
  bodies.  Also, the  middle part or  body of a long
  bone,  Corpus Ossis.  One of the ligaments of the
  knee.—Hippocrates, Par6.
    DIA'PIA.  Some lexicographers use this word
  synonymously with Diapyesis or Suppuration,
  others have employed it in opposition to Myopia.
    DIAPLASIS, Conformation, Reduction.
   DIAPLASMUS, Conformation, Reduction.
    DIAPNEUSIS,  Perspiration.
   DIAPNOE, Perspiration.
   DIAPXOSA, Perspiration.
   DIAPNOGENOUS  APPARATUS, see  Per-
  spiration.
   DIAI'NOICUS,  Diaphoretic.
   DIAPOPHYSES, Transverse processes of the
  vertebrae.
   DIAPORE'MA.   Anxiety,  jactitation; from
  itaropew, ' I doubt.'
   DIAPRU'NUM, Diacoccyme'lon. A purgative
electuary, of which the pulps of prunes and rhu-
barb formed the  basis.  By adding to the dia-
prunum simplex a 24th part of powdered  scam-
mony, the Diapru'num resoluti'vum seu compos'-
itum was formed.  It was more active than the
former.
  DIAPYEMA, Empyema,  Suppuration.
  DIAPYESIS,  Suppuration —d.  Oculi, Hypo-
pyon.
  DIAPYET'ICA, Dyaprye'mata, from Sta-vnirc,
Stanvrjaii,  (Sta,  and  itvov, 'pus,') 'suppuration.'
Medicines which  promote suppuration.
  DIAPYETICUS, Suppurative.
  DIAR^l'MIA,  (F.) Diarimie,  from  Sia,
'through,' peta, 'I flow,'  and 'atua, 'blood.'  A
pathological condition, said to  be common in
sheep, in which the globules of the blood are di-
minished  in quantity; the  blood itself thinner,
and transuding through the coats  of  the vessels
into the cavities.—Delafore.
  DIARE31IE, Diaraemia.
  DIARIA, Ephemera.
  DIARRHAGE, Fracture.
  DIARRHCE'A, from Sia, 'through,' and  peur,
'I flow.'  Enterorrhoe'a, Incontinen'tia alvi, Alvi
profiil vium  seu fluxus aquo'sus, Ventris profitl-
vinm, Coeliorrhce'a, Coeliol'ysis, Alvus cita, Caca-
to'ria, Coprorrhoe'a, Catar'rhus intestirra'Us, Alvi
 fluxus, Rheuma, Epiph'ora Alvi, Fluxus alvlnus,
Lax'itas alvi, Defiux'io, Lax, Looseness, Purging,
Scouring,  (Sc.)  Scour,  (Prov.)  Ray,  Stutter,
Skitter; (F.) Diarrhie, Divoiement, Catarrhe in-
testinal,  Flux de  Ventre, Cours  de Ventre, Cou-
rante.  A  disease  characterized by frequent liquid
alvine evacuations,  and generally  owing  to in-
flammation  or irritation of the mucous membrane
of  the  intestines.  It  is commonly  caused by
errors in regimen, the  use of food noxious by its
quality or quantity, Ac, constituting the Diar-
rhoe'a stercora'ria. D. Crapulo'sa of writers.  It
may be acute or  chronic  Many varieties have
been made by some  nosologists—e. g. mucous,—
Diarrhoe'a muco'sa, Blennoche'sia, Blennoche'zia,
3Iycodiarrhae'a ;   bilious, — Ileo-cholo'sis,  Diar-
rhoe'a bilio'sa ; serous,—Hydroche'zia, Hydrodi-
arrhoe'a,  Orrhoehe'zia;  dependent  upon  the
matters evacuated.  Diarrhoea requires  different
treatment, according to its nature.   If caused, as
it often is, by improper matters in  the intestinal
canal, these must be evacuated ;  and the astrin-
gent plan of treatment must not be adopted, unless
the discharges seem kept up by irritability of tbo
intestines, or unless they are colliquative.  The
indiscriminate use of  astringents is to be  depre-
cated.
  A very fatal diarrhoea prevails  amongst the
native inhabitants of  India, to which Mr.  Tytler
has given the name Diarrhoe'a hec'tica, because,
like hectic fever, it seems to obtain habitual pos-
session  of  the constitution, to  operate upon  it
with scarcely any perceptible  intermission, and,
in general,  to defy the most powerful remedies.
  Diarrhcba  Adiposa, Gras-fondure — d.  cura
Apepsia, Lientery — d. Arthritica,  Cceliagra — d.
Biliosa, see  Diarrhoea—d. Carnosa, Dysentery—
d. Chylosa, Coeliac flux—d. Chymosa, Coeliac flux
—d. Crapulosa, see Diarrhoea — d.  Cruenta, Hae-
matochezia—d. Dyspeptica, Lientery—d.  Hepa-
tica, Hepatirrhcea—d. Ingestorum,  Lientery—d.
Lienteria, Lientery—d. Mucosa,  see  Diarrhoea—
d. Purulenta, Pyochezia—d. Sanguinolenta, Ha>-
matochezia—d. Stercoraria, see Diarrhoea—d. in
Urina, Diabetes—d. Urinosa, Diabetes.
  DIARRHOIS'CHESIS. from Diarrhoea, and
ff^tffif, 'arrest.'  Arrest of a diarrhoea.
  DIARTHRO'DIAL, Diarthrodia'lis. Relating 
DIARTHROSIS             294               DIASTOLE
to diarthrosis or movable articulations;  as diar- |
thro'dial  articulation.  Diarthro'dial cartilages
or incr-usting cartilages are the cartilages which
invest the articular extremities of bones.
  DIARTHRO'SIS,  from  SiapSpour,  (Sia,  and
updpoio.) ' I  articulate.'  Dearticula'tio,  Prosar-
thro'sis, Aparthro'sis, Abarticula'tio, Coarticula'-
tio, Perarticula'tio, Rota'tio, (F.) Emboiture.  A
movable articulation.  One  which  permits  the
bones to move freely on each  other  in every di-
rection, as in the case of the shoulder joint.

  DIASATYR'ION, from Sia, and aarvpiov, 'the
orchis  mascnla.'   An electuary,  of which this
plant formed the basis. [?]—Myrepsus.   The an-
cients  attributed to it the faculty of exciting the
organs of generation.
  DIASCINCI ANTIDOTUS, Mithridate.
  DIASCOR'DIUM, from Sta, and oKopStov, 'the
water  germander.'   An electuary, so called be-
cause this  plant entered into  its  composition.
The Parisian  codex had a formula for its prepa-
ration, under the title, Electua'riiim opia'tum as-
trin'gens seu diascor'dium.   (R. fiol. scortl. §iss,
rosar.  r-ubr., bistort, rad., gentiana, tormentilla,
sem. berber. aa §ss, ziugib., piper, long, aa 5j'j>
cassia  lignea, cinnamom., dictamn. Cretens., sty-
rac. ealamit.,  galban., gum. acacia  aa.  ,^ss, bol.
oriental, prapar. ^ij, extract, vinos, opii.  ^ij, mel.
rosat. prap. Ibij, i'i'«. hispan. Ibss:  fiat  electua-
rium.)   In place of the styrax calamita, the bal-
sam of tolu or benjamin may be used. The opium
is, in this preparation, in  the proportion of 1 to
184.  The  diascordium is employed in diarrhoea
and dysentery, as  a tonic, stomachic, and astrin-
gent.  The  common dose is from a scruple to a
drachm  and  a half.   See Pulvis  cretae  com-
positus.
  DIASOSTIC, Prophylactic.
  DIASPASIS, Divulsio.
  DIASPER'MATON, from  Sta,  and antppa,
arrtppaTot.  The ancient name of two cataplasms,
composed of seeds.—Galen, Paulus.
  DIASPHYX'IS, from Sta, and otpvfa, ' I strike,
I  beat,' Pulse.   Also,  a violent  beat of  the
pulse.
  DIASTAL'TIC, DiastaVticus; from  Sta,
'through,' and oreXXur, 'I send.'  An  epithet ap-
plied by Dr. Marshall Hall to the reflex or excito-
motory system  of  nerves;  because the actions
they induce are performed  ' through' the spinal
marrow as  their essential centre.
  DIASTALTICUS, Diastolic.
  DIASTAS.<E'MIA, (F.) Diastasimie, from Siaa-
raatc, 'separation/ and 'atpa, 'blood.'  A patho-
logical  condition,  characterized by  a separation
of the elements of the blood globules ;—the fibrin
and albumen  separating also from the colouring
matter, whilst the fibrin attaches  itself to the
valves of the heart.—Delafore.
  DIASTASE.  Same etymon  as Diastasis.  A
vegetable principle, allied in  its general proper-
ties to  gluten, which appears in  the germination
of barley and other seeds, and, by  its presence,
converts the starch into sugar and gum.
  DIASTASEMIE, Diastasaemia.
  DIASTASIS, from Sia, and tarnpi, 'to place,'
'separation,' 'distance.'  Diaste'ma,  Dissiden'tia.
A separation  of bones, and particularly of the
bones  of the  cranium, from each other; of the
radius  from the ulna, and  the  fibula  from the
tibia.  The ancients used this word  to designate
the  three  dimensions  of  tho  body,—length,
breadth, and thickness; for the  interval separat-
ing the patient from the physician;  the  swelling
of varicose veins ; the time nt which some change
occurred in disease, Ac.
  DIASTEMA, Diastasis, Interstice.
  DIASTEMATELYT'RIA, from Staarnpa, 'in-
terstice,' and cXvrpov, 'vagina.'   An organic  de-
viation, characterized by a longitudinal  division
or fissure of the vagina.—Breschet.
  DIASTEMATENCEPHA'LIA, from Staarnpa,
and tyKttpaXoc, ' the brain.'  An organic deviation,
consisting in a  longitudinal division of the brain.
—Breschet.
  DIASTEMATIA, from SiaarWa.  A term era-
ployed  by Breschet  for  an organic  deviation,
characterized by the  presence of a fissure in  the
mesial line of the body.
  DIASTEMATOCAU'LIA, from Staarnpa, and
kovXos, ' trunk.'  An  organic deviation,  charac-
terized by a longitudinal division of the trunk.
  DIASTEMATOCHEI'LIA, from Staarnpa, and
XttXos, 'the  lip.'   An organic deviation, consist-
ing in a longitudinal division or fissure of  the
lip.
  DIASTEMATOCRA'NIA, from Staarnpa, and
Kpaviov, ' the cranium.'  An organic  deviation,
consisting in a longitudinal  division  of  the cra-
nium.
  DIASTEMATOCYSTIA,  from Staarnpa, and
kvotis. ' bladder.'  An organic deviation, charac-
terized by a longitudinal division of the  urinary
bladder.
  DIASTEMATOGASTRIA, from Staarnpa, and
yaornp, 'the stomach.'  An organic  deviation,
characterized  by  a longitudinal  division of  the
stomach.
  DIASTEMATOGLOS'SIA, from Staarnpa, nnd
yXuraoa, 'tongue.'  An organic deviation, charac-
terized by a longitudinal division  or fissure of the
tongue.
  DIASTEMATOGNA'THIA,   from   Siaamua,
and yvudos, 'jaw.'  An organic deviation charac-
terized by a longitudinal division of the jaw.
  DIASTEMATOMETRIA, from Siaamv-a, and
pnrpa,  ' womb.'   An  organic deviation,  charac-
terized by a longitudinal division or fissure of the
womb.
  DIASTEMATOPYEL'IA, from Siaarnua, and
wveXo;, 'pelvis.'  An  organic deviation,  charac-
terized  by a longitudinal  division or fissure  of
the pelvis.
  DIASTEMATORA'CHIA, from Siaampa, and
paxn,  'spine.'   An  organic  deviation, characte-
rized by a longitudinal division or fissure of  the
spine.
  DIASTEMATORHI'NIA, from Staarnpa, and
ptv, 'the nose.'  An organic deviation, characte-
rized by a longitudinal division of the nose.
  DIASTEMATOSTAPHYL'IA, from Staarnpa,
and  araipvXn,  'uvula.'  An  organic  deviation,
characterized by  a  longitudinal  division of  the
uvula.
  DIASTEMATOSTERN'IA, from Siaamua, and
trrepvov,  ' the  sternum.'   An  organic  deviation,
characterized by  a  longitudinal division of  the
sternum.
  DIASTEMENTER'IA, from   Siaampa,  and
evrcpov, ' intestine.'  An organic deviation, cha-
racterized by a longitudinal division  of the in-
testine.
  DIASTOLE, from itaarcXXm, (Sia and ariXlu,
'I send,') 'I dilate,' 'I open.'  Relaxa'tio  seu
Remis'sio cordis  et arteria'rum.  Dilatation of
the heart  and  arteries, when the blood enters
their  cavities.   It is th« opposite movement to
systole, in which the  heart and  arteries  contract 
DIASTOLEUS              295               DIDYMUS
to send forth the blood.  Diastole and systole are, i
consequently, successive  movements.  Diastole,
Mains cordis  diastalticus, occurs simultaneously
in the two ventricles.  The almost inappreciable
time,  which  elapses between  the diastole  and
systole has  been  called perisystole,  and  that
which  succeeds  to  the  diastole,  peridiastole.
When we  speak of the contraction or systole of
the heart,  as well as of its  diastole or dilatation,
we  mean that of the ventricles.  This dilatation
in active.
  DIASTOLEUS, Dilator.
  DIAS'TOLIC, Diastolics, Diastal ticus ;
 Bame etymon.  Belonging to the diastole  of the
 heart—as  'diastolic impulse of the heart.'
  Diastolic  Impulse  of the  Heart, see  Im-
 pulse, diastolic.
  DIASTOMOTRIS, from Siaaropom,  (Sta,  and
 aropa, ' mouth.')  ' I dilate an aperture.'  Dilat-
 ing instruments, such  as  the different kinds of
 specula for the mouth, anus, vagina,  Ac.
  DIASTREMMA,  Distortion,  Perversion,
 Sprain.
  DIASTROPHE,  Distortion,  Perversion,
 Sprain.
   DIAT'ASIS,  Disten'sio,  from  Siarcivto,  (Sta,
 and rttvut, ' I  stretch,')  ' I distend.'   Tension.
 Tbe  reduction  of a fracture by extension  and
 counter-extension,
  DIATES'SARON, fronoJia, and reaaapes, 'four.'
 An electuary, into the composition of which en-
 tered four medicines;  viz. the  roots of gentian,
 aristolochia rotunda and  bay-berries, each  5ij.
 honey Ibij.  The whole was incorporated with
 extract  of juniper.  The  diapentes is nothing
 more than this electuary, mixed with two ounces
 of  ivory shavings.  The diatessaron  is tonic, and
 it was formerly employed  in cases of stings  and
 bites of venomous animals.  It was  regarded as
 emmenagogue, alexiterial,  and alexipharmic.
   DIATH'ESIS, from StanQnut, (Sia, and  nOnui,
 'to place,') 'I  dispose.'  Disposition, constitu-
 tion, affection of the body: predisposition to cer-
 tain diseases rather than to  others;—(F.)  Immi-
 nence morbide.  The  principal  diatheses, men-
 tioned by authors, are the  cancerous, scrofulous,
 scorbutic, rheumatic, gouty  and calculous.
   Diathesis   Hajmorrhoidalis, see  Haemor-
 rhoids—d. Hemorrhagic, Hematophilia—d. Ner-
 vosa, Nervous diathesis—d. Purulenta, see Pyo-
 hsetnia—d.  Rheumatic,   see   Rheumatic — d.
 Sthenica,  Sthenia.
  DIATRAGACANTHUS.  A  powder,  com-
 posed of gum tragacanth, ^ij, gum Arabic, ff)  and
 JJij, starch, ^ss, liquorice,  ,^iij,  as much of the
 seeds of the melon, and white poppy ;  seeds  of the
 water-melon,  cucumber,  and gourd,  and  sugar
 candy ^iij.  It was used as a demulcent.
  DIATRESIS, Perforation.
  DIATRIMMA, Chafing.
  DIATRINSANTALON, see Diatrion.
  DIATRI'ON,  Diatrlum, from Sia, and rpctg,
 'three.'  A medicine composed  of three ingre-
 dients.  There  were formerly two  kinds.   The
 first was called Diatrlum Pipe'reon spe'cies,  and
 was formed  of black  and long pepper,  aniseed,
 thyme, and ginger.  It was highly stimulating.
 The second species was  known  under the name,
 Diatrinsan'ta/on,  Diatrlum Santalo'rum pulvis,
or Powder of the three  Sanders.   They were con-
sidered diaphoretic
  DTATRITA'RII.  The Methodists were so
called, who  pretended to  cure all diseases by
subjecting the patients to  treatment  ever- third
day.
   DIAT'RITOS.  Relating to every third  day,
 and the means  then used by the Methodists to
 cure disease.
   DIAZOMA, Diaphragm.
   DIAZOSMA,  Diaphragm.
   DIAZOSTER, from Stafavwiit, (Sia,  and fav-
 rvut, 'to gird,')  'I surround.'  The twelfth ver-
 tebra of the back, because it corresponds to the
 girdle, faarnp.
   DIAZOSTRA, Diaphragm.
   DIBOTHRIUM   LATUM,  Bothriocephalus
 latus.
   DICENTRA CANADEN'SIS,  Cory'dalis Ca-
 nadensis,  (Sis,  'twice,'  and  Ktvrpov, 'a spur.')
 Squirrel corn, Colic weed.  Family, Fumariaccac.
 An  indigenous  plant, growing from  Maine to
 Wisconsin, which flowers in May, the flowers
 having  the  odour of hyacinths.  It  has  been
 given  internally in  syphilis, and  applied exter-
 nally in syphilis and gonorrhoea.
   DICEPHALIUM, Bicephalium.
   DICEPH'ALUS,  Biceph'alus, Derod'ymus et
 Iod'ymus,  Janus, from St, 'double,' and xeipaXn,
 ' head.'  A monster with two heads.
   DICERAS RUDIS,  Ditrachyceras  rudis, see
 Worms.
   DICHALCON.  A weight, equal to  a third
 part of the obolus.
   DICHOPHY'IA, from SiXa,' double,' and £«*>,
 ' I grow.'  A disease of  the hairs, in which they
 split and grow forked.
   DICHROMOS, Verbena officinalis.
   DICIATRIA, Medicine, legal.
   DICLIDOSTO'SIS, from SikXis, 'a double
 door,' and  oartoais, ' ossification.'  Ossification of
 valves—as of the heart.
   DICLIS, Valve.
   DICOR'YPHUS, Dicra'nus, from Si, 'double,'
 Kopvipn,  'the crown of the head.'  A monster with
 a double vertex or cranium.
   Dicoryphus Dihypogastrius, Hemipages.
   DICRANUS, Dicoryphus.
   DI'CROTUS, Bisfer'iens, from Sis, 'twice,' and
 Kporiur,  'I strike.'  An epithet given to the pulse,
 when it seems to beat twice as fast as usual.  It
 is synonymous  with the  term  rebounding,  the
 artery rebounding after  striking, so as  to  con-
 vey the sensation of a double pulsation.   It  has
 been considered, and with truth, to frequently
 foretell  hemorrhage.   In bad cases of typhus, it
 certainly announces such a tendency.
   DICTA3TNE, Dictamnus albus — d. de Crlte,
 Origanum dictamnus.
   DICTAM'NUS ALBUS, from  Dictamnus, a
 town  in Crete;  D.  Fraxinel'la,  Fraxinella, F.
 Dictamnus, White Fraxinel'la, Bastard Dittany,
 (F.) Dictamne, Fraxinelle.  The fresh root  has
 been considered nervine,  anthelmintic, and em-
 menogogue.  It is not used.
   Dictamnus Creticus, Origanum  dictamnus —
 d. Fraxinella, Dictamnus albus.
   DICTYITIS, Retinitis.
   DICTYON, Rete.
   DIDELPHYS, Dihysteria.
   DIDYMAL'GIA, from  StSvpot, 'the  testicles/
and aXyos 'pain.'  Pain in the testicles.
  DIDYMIS, Epididymis.
  DIDYMITIS,  Hernia humoralis.
  DIDYMOS, Gemellus.
  DIDYMUS, Testicle —d.  Symphyogastrius,
Gastrodidymus — d. Symphyohypogastrius, Hy- 
DIECBOLION
29
6
DIET
pogastrodidymus — d. Symphyoperinseus, Pygo-
didymus — d. Symphyothoracogastrius, Thoraco-
gastrodidymus.
  DIECBOL'ION, from Sta, and tK^aXXm, 'I cast
out.'  A name given, by the ancients, to a remedy
which they believed capable  of producing  abor-
tion.
  DIERENBACH, MINERAL  WATERS  OF.
Pierenbach is  a city in Bavaria, two leagues from
which is a sulphurous spring.
  DIERYIL'LA   TRIF'IDA,  D.  Canadensis
seu  lutea,  Bush  honeysuckle.   An  indigenous
plant of the Honeysuckle tribe—Lonicereae. Ord.
Caprifoliaeeae — whose flowers appear from June
to August.   It has been used as a diuretic; and
in gonorrhoea and syphilis.
  DIES, He'mera,  A day, (F.)  Jour.   The day
is,  properly,  the  period  during  which the solar
light illumines our horizon: but commonly, also,
we designate  by  the word day the period  of  24
hours or Nycthe'meron,  which  is  frequently di-
vided into four parts—morning, midday, evening,
and midnight.   In antiquity, great  importance
was attached to the observation of days in dis-
ease.  The medical day is usually reckoned  at
24 hours,—universally, in estimating the duration
of a disease.  In parts of the United States, it
comprises only the time when the  sun is  above
DIET-TABLE  OF  DIFFERENT  HOSPITALS  OF  GREAT  BRITAIN,  IRELAND,  AND
                                 THE  UNITED  STATES.

                                       I.  ENGLAND.

                                 London Hospitals.
1. London Hospital.
1	COMMON DIET.	MIDDLE DIET.		LOW MET.	MILK MET.
f	12 or Bread.				
	1 pint Porter, Men. 1 pint do., Women.			8 or. Bread.	12 oz. Bread.
	Gruel.			Gruel.	Gruel.
'	|8 oz. Beef, with Po-	1			
	tatoes, thrice a	The same, except			
	week.	1 that 4 oz. of Meat ' shall be given in-			
	8 oz. Mutton, with				
			stead of 8 oz.	Broth.	1 pint Milk.
	week.				
	8 oz. Potatoes and				
	Soup,with vegeta-				
	bles,twice a week.				
	1 pint of Broth.	,		Gruel or Broth.	1 pint Milk.
2.  St. Bartholomew's Hospital.
	COMMON DIET. BEOTn DIET.		THIN OR FEVER DIET.	MILK DIET.
	Milk Porridge.		Milk Porridge.	Milk Porridge.
	12 oz. Bread.		12 oz. Bread.	12 oz. Pread.
	6oz. Mutton or Beef.		1 pint of Milk, with	2pts. Milk,with Ta-
1	1 pint Broth [with Milk Porridge.		Tapioca, Arrow	pioca, Arrow-root,
	Peas or Potatoes, 12 oz. Bread.		root, Sago,orR ice.	Sago, or Rico, "s
	4 times a week.] 2 pints Broth.		as may be pre-	may be prescribed.
	2 pints Beer, 3len. |1 pint Beer.		scribed.	Barlev water.
	1 pint, Women. 1 oz. Butter.		Barley water.	1 oz. Butter.
	l^)z. Butter, twice a			Brcn.d Pudding,
I	week.			three times a week, when ordered.
tne norizon,  as regnrus me Huiiunisirniion or
medicine, so that if a medicine be ordered to be
taken four times a day, it is understood to mean
during the 12 hours of day.
  Dies Caniculares, see Canicula—d.  Contem-
plabiles, Critical days — d. Contcniplantcs, Indi-
eating days—d. Critici, Critical  days—d. Deere-
torii,  Critical  days — d.  Indicantes.  Indicating
days—d. Indicatorii, Indicating days—d. Indices
Indicating days — d. Intcrnuntii, Critical days —
d. Judicatorii, Critical days—d. Radicales, Criti-
cal days.
  DIET, Dia'ta,  Diate'ma,  Vietirs Ra'tio, (F.)
Diete. Originally, this word signified nearly the
same  thing as Hygiene  and Regimen,—that is,
Diet was the employment of every thing neces-
sary for the preservation of health and life.  At
the present  day, it signifies a particular kind of
food, and, at times, a privation of food and drink;
— abstinence.  To put  any one upon diet, (F.)
mettre quelqu'un d la diete, means to deprive him
of his usual nourishment: — milk diet means a
diet of milk,  Ac.  See Aliment, Dietetics, Hy-
giene, and Regimen.
  Every well regulated hospital has certain diete-
tic  regulations.  The following  Table of Dietary
shows the particular regimen that  has been se-
lected for the sick, in  certain hospitals. 
DIET
297
DIET
3.  St. Thomas's Hospital.
	FOLL DIET.	milk diet.	dry diet.	FEVER DIET.
f	2 pints Beer; 14 oz.	12 oz. Bread.	14 oz. Bread, 2 pints	12 oz. Bread; two
1}"t(y.......|; Bread.			Beer.	pints Beer.
lireakfast .... iWater Gruel.		1 pint Milk.	Water Gruel.	Water Gruel.
f	Alb. of Beef when dress-	1 pint Milk, 4 times	4 oz. Butter, 4 times	$ lb. Beef, for tea.
	ed, twice a week; 4oz.	a week.	aweek;RicePud-	
1	Butter, or 6 oz. of	RicePudding,thrice	ding and 4 oz.	
	Cheese, thrice a week;	a week.	of Butter, three	
	1 lb. Mutton when		times a week.	
	boiled, thrice a week.			
	il pt. Broth, 4 times a | week.	1 pint Milk.		
4.  St. George's Hospital.
	EXTRA DIET.	ORDINARY diet.	FISH DIET.	FEVER DIET. | BROTH DIET.		MILK DIET.
	12 oz. Bread.	12 oz. Bread.	12 oz. Bread.	12 oz. Bread. 12 oz. Bread.		12 oz. Bread.
	Men.	1 pint Boer.		Barley Water	•	
	2 pints Beer.			ad libitum.		
	; Women.					
	lL pint Beer.					
lireakfast .	1 pint Tea.	1 pint Tea.	1 pint Tea.	1 pint Tea.	1 pint Tea.	1 pint Tea.
	i pint Milk.	J pint Milk.	1 pint Milk.	i pint Milk.	i pint Milk.	1 pint Milk.
	' 12 oz. Meat,					
	roasted		4 oz. of plain	Arrow-root	1 pint Broth	li pint Rice.
	i (weighed	One-half of	boiled white	Ac, must be	6 oz. light	Milk four
	with the bone	the meat al-	fish (as Whi-	specially di-	Pudding.	days.
Dinner.... ■{	1 before it is	lowed for ex-	ting, Plaice,	rected.		
	! dressed) four	tra diet.	Flounders, or			i lb. Bread or
	days.—boiled:	1 lb. Potatoes.	Haddock.)			Rice Pudding
	three days. £					three days.
	lb. Potatoes.					
Supper....	!l pint Gruel. |{ pint Milk.	1 pint Gruel.	1 pint Gruel.	1 pint Tea.	1 pint Gruel.	i pint Milk.
		i pint Milk, i pint Milk.		1 pint Milk.	i pint Milk.	
5.  Guy's  Hospital.
	FULL DIET.	MIDDLE DIET.	LOW DIET.	MILK DIET. FEVER DIET.	
	14 oz. Bread.	12 oz. Bread.	12 oz. Bread.	12 oz. Bread.	6 oz. Bread.
	1 h oz. Butter.	li oz. Butter.	1 oz. Butter.	1 oz. Butter.	1 oz. Butter.
Daily . <	1 qt. Table Beer.	1 pt. Table Beer.	Tea and Sugar.	2 pints Milk.	Tea and Sugar.
	8 oz. Meat, when	4 oz. Meat, when			
[	dressed.	dressed, and	Half a pound o	f Beef, (for Beef-tea,) or Arrow-	
		i pint Broth.	root	>r Sago, when ordered.	
	For each Diet, Gruel (		)r Barley-water, i	s required.	
6.  Westminster Hospital.
Daily ,
Breakfast
Dim,
\St
upper,
14 oz. Bread.
MIDDLE DIET.
10 oz. Bread.
1 pint Milk    1 pint Milk
  Porridge,  or   Porridge
  Rice Gruel.   thin Gruel.

 i lb.  Moat,  I  i lb.  Meat,
roasted, boiled, roasted, boiled
   or chops,  j   or chops.

i lb. of Pota-.S lb. of  Pota-
     toes,           toes.

ll pint Milk   |1 pint Milk
  Porridge,  or I  Porridge, or
  Rice Gruel.   thin Cruel.
   Fixed.
1 lb. Bread.
1 pint Tea,
  with Sugar
  and Milk.
No fixed Diet
  for Dinner.
1 pint Tea,
  with Suga
  and Milk.
Casual.
1  pint Broth,
  or i lb. of
Bread, or Rice
  Pudding, or
1 pt. Beef Tea,
  or a Chop,
   or Fish.
 SPOON, OR
FEVER DIET.
J lb. Bread.
1 pint  Tea,
  with Sugar
  and Milk.
Barley Water.
1 pint  Tea,
  with Sugar
  and Milk.
INCURABLES'
   DIET.
J lb. Bread.
i lb. Meat.
£ lb. Potatoes,
i pint Milk.
1 pint Porter,
19 
DIET
298
DIET
1.  Middlesex Hospital.
Daily Breakfast. Dinner . ■ Supper . ■	DLETA CARNIS, OR MEAT DIET.	DLETA JUSCULI, OR SOUP DIET.	DLETA LACTIS, OR MILK DIET.	DLETA SIMPLEX, OR BIMPLE DIET.	CANCER DIPT.
	12 oz. Bread. 1 pint Milk. Physician's Patients. i lb. of Potatoes, 4 oz. dressed meat, (beef or mutton,) roast and boiled alternately, 4 days. 4 oz. Meat in Soup, 3 days. ^Burgeon's Patients. \ lb. of Potatoes, 4 oz. dressed meat, (beef or mutton,) roast and boiled alternately. 1 pint Gruel alternately with 1 pint of Barley-water.	12 oz. Bread. 1 pint Milk. 1 pint Soup, made with 4 oz. Beef, alter-nately with 1 pint of Broth with Barley. 1 pint Gruel.	12 oz. Bread. 1 pint Milk. i pint, of Milk with Rice-pud-ding, 4 days, and with Bat-ter-pudding, 3 days. i pint Milk or 1 pint Gruel.	6 oz. Bread. 1 pint Barley-water. 1 pint Gruel. 1 pint Gruel or Barley-wa-ter.	12 oz. Bread. i lb Meat. i lb. Potatoes. 1 pint Milk.
8. North London Hospital.
	FULL DIET.	MIDDLE DIET.	LOW DIET.	MILK DIET.
	16 oz. Bread. i pint Milk. i lb. Meat and i lb. Potatoes 4 days. 1 pt. Soup or Rice 3 days.	16 oz. Bread. 1 pint Milk. 1 pint Soup or Rice.	8 oz. Bread. 1 pint Milk. Oatmeal for Gruel.	17 oz. Bread. 2 pints Milk.
9. King's College Hospital.
Breakfast... \ Supper.....j	FULL DIET.	MIDDLE DIET.	MILK DIET.	LOW DrET.	FEVER DIET.
	1 pint Beer, or J pint Porter. 14 oz. Bread. 1 pt. Milk Por-ridge. i lb. Meat., i lb. Potatoes. 1 pt. Milk Por-ridge.	14 oz. Bread. 1 pt. Milk Por-ridge. i lb. Meat. i lb. Potatoes. 1 pt. Milk Por-. ridge.	1 lb. Bread. 1 pint Milk. 1 pint Milk. 1 pint Gruel.	8 oz. Bread. 1 pint Gruel. 1 pint Broth. 1 pt. Milk Por-ridge.	1 pint Gruel. 2 pints Barley-water. 1 pt. Milk Por-ridge.
10. Dreadnought Hospital Ship.
Breakfast... \ \	FULL DIET.	ORDINARY DIET.	LOW DIET.	MILK DIET.	FEVER WET.
	1 pint Tea. 1 lb. Bread. 3 lb. Meat. J lb. Potatoes. 2 pints Beer, (if ordered.) 1 pint Broth.	Ditto. Ditto. i lb. Meat. i lb. Potatoes. 1 pint Beer, (if ordered.) 1 pint Broth or Gruel.	Ditto. $ lb. Bread. 1 pint of Beef Tea. 1 pint Gruel or Milk, (if or-dered.	Ditto. 1 lb. Bread. 1 pint Milk. 1 pint Milk.	Ditto. Gruel. Gruel or Bar-ley-water.
 
DIET
299
DIET
HOSPITALS.
Liverpool.
Bristol.
ORDINARY DIET.
Breakfast.—A pint milk porridge, breaded every morn'g
Dinner.—(1, 5, 7*) —Boiled beef and vegetables.—(2)
  —Rice, milk, and bread.—(3)—Stewed beef and po-
  tatoes.—(4)—Pea soup and  bread.—(6)—Ale, gruel
  and bread.                                  &   '
Supper. — A rpint of broth  and bread on Sunday and
  Thursday. A pint of milk and bread on the other days.
* ull Diet.— The same as the ordinary diet.
Birmingham.
Revised 1819.
Breakfast.—On Sunday, Tuesday, Thursday, and Satur-
  day, milk porridge; Monday, Wednesday,  and Fri-
  day, meat broth; 12 oz. of bread on meat  days;  14
  oz. on the other days.

Dinner.—(1, 3, 5)—Three-fourths of a pound of meat,
  with vegetables; two pints of beer daily.—(2  4 6  7)
  —A pint of  gruel or pap.                  '  ' '

Supper.—A wine  pint of gruel of meal broth on  Sun-
  day; 2 oz. of cheese for the men, one-fourth of an oz.
  of butter for the women, on  Monday, Wednesday,
  Friday, and  Saturday.

Full  Diet. — The patients have meat every day.
Breakfast.—To each man a pint and a half of milk por-
  ridge, with 4 oz. of bread  added to it.   To each wo-
  man or  child, one  pint  of milk porridge without
  bread.   To each patient 2 oz. of bread daily.
Dinner:—(1, 3, 5)—To each man 8 oz. of baked or boiled
  meat; to each woman or child, 6 oz.  To each patient,
  6 oz. of vegetables, and one pint of beer daily.—(2)—
  To  each  man, a quart  of rice or  barley broth, made
  with a variety of vegetables ; to each woman or child,
  one pint and a half.—(4)—Twelve ounces of boiled
  rice or bread  pudding.— (6) —Four oz. of boiled or
  baked meat, a pint of rice or barley broth, made with
  a variety of vegetables.—(7)—Six oz. of baked rice
  or bread  pudding, or a pint of rice or barley broth,
  made with a variety of vegetables.
Supper.—A pint of broth,, milk porridge, or gruel.
Full  Diet. — Breakfast  the  same as  in ordinary diet.
  Dinner, 6 oz.  of boiled  or baked meat, 6 oz. of vege-
  tables, 6 oz. of baked rice or bread pudding. Supper,
  the  same as ordinary diet.
II.  SCOTLAND.
Consists  throughout the
  day of milk  porridge,
  common batter, or rice,
  pudding.
The  ale and  beer  are
  bought.
Breakfast.—A wine quart
  of milk porridge ormilk.
Dinner. — A  wine quart
  of weak broth.
Supper. — The  same  as
  breakfast,  14  oz.  of
  bread,  and barley-wa-
  ter  for common drink.
20 bushels of malt, 15 lbs.
  of hops to  14 gals,  of
  strong ale;  21 bush, of
  malt, and 12 pounds of
  hops,  to  360  gals,  of
  ale ; 11 bush, of malt,
  7 pounds of  hops,  to
  360  gals, of small beer.
Breakfast.—The same as
  ordinary diet.

Dinner.—A pint of broth
  or rice milk,  6 oz. of
  baked  rice  or  bread
  pudding  to each  pa-
  tient every day.

Supper. — The  same  as
  ordinary  diet.
Edinburgh.
Qlasgotv.
Breakfast. — One mutchkin of porridge, three gills of
  milk  or beer;  or five  and one-fourth ounces of fine
  bread, milk or beer.
Dinner. — (1, 4) — One  chopin of broth,  8 ounces of
  butcher's meat boiled in the broth, or beef-steak ; five
  and one-fourth ounces of bread.— (2, 5, 7) — A chopin
  of broth made of beef and bones, barley,  groats, pota-
  toes, and vegetables; five and a-half ounces of bread.
  —(3,  6) — Potato soup,  with beef and veal, or bones
  bread as above.
Supper.—As the breakfast each day.
Full Diet.—At discretion.
At discretion.
Breakfast. — Milk  porridge, quantity not limited, with
  half a mutchkin of sweet milk, or one mutchkin of
  buttermilk or beer.
Dinner. —(1) — Broth made of barley, vegetables, and
  the dripping of  the meat roasted  during  the  week,
  with a quartern loaf to a man, and half to a woman.—
  (2, 4)—Beef boiled : 8 oz. to the men, and 6 oz.  to the
  women; a quartern loaf to a man, and half to  a wo-
  man,—or vegetables.—(3, 6)—Broth, made  with beef,
  barley, and vegetables; a quartern  loaf to  men, and
  half to women. —(5) —Potato  soup, with cow  heels,
  bones, Ac —(7) —Six oz. of cheese to men, 4  oz. to
  women ; bread as above.
Supper.—As the breakfast each day.
Full Diet.—At discretion
At discretion.
* The figuresTn" parentheses denote the days of the week." 
DIET             300              DIET
III. IRELAND.
5. Hospitals of House of Industry. Stephen's Hospital.	Per diem.—Sixteen oz. of white bread, one quart of new milk, and one quart of buttermilk for whey. Full Diet. — Two ounces of bread per diem, one quart of broth, one quart of new milk.	One pint of flummery per diem, one quart of new milk, and one quart of buttermilk for whey.
	Breakfast.—Half a pound of bread, one pint of milk. Dinner.—(1, 2, 3, 5, 7)—One quart of soup, half a pound of bread, or two pounds of potatoes ; one pint of milk or beer. — (4, 6) — Twelve oz. of bread, one quart of sweetened gruel.	Daily, half a pound of bread, two quarts of new milk, and one quart of buttermilk.
Royal Hos-pital, Phoe-nix Park.	Breakfast.—One pint of oatmeal or rice gruel. Dinner.—Half a pound of meat, three-fourths of a pound of bread ; one pound of potatoes. Supper.—One pint of oatmeal or rice gruel. Full Diet. — Three-fourths of a pound of meat, one pound of bread, half a pound of potatoes, one quart of beer.	Breakfast.—Tea. Dinner. — Half a pound of bread made into pa-nada or pudding.
Richmond Hospital.	Breakfast.—One quart of stirabout, one pint of new milk. Dinner.—Bread, 8 oz.; soup, 1 quart. Supper.—Bread, 4 oz.; new milk, one pint. Full Diet.—Breakfast, bread, 8 oz.; new milk, one pint. — Dinner, bread, 8 oz.; mutton or beef, 8 oz.— Supper, bread, 4 oz.; new milk, one pint.	Breakfast. — Flummery, one pint; new milk, one pint. Supper:—Half a pound of bread, one pint of milk.
Belfast Hospital.	Breakfast.—One pint of stirabout, one pint of new milk. Dinner.—Half a pound of bread, one pint of new milk. Supper.—One pint of flummery, one pint of new milk. Full Diet.—Breakfast, one quart of stirabout, one pint of new milk.—Dinner, 2 lbs. of potatoes, one pint of milk.—Supper, one pint of flummery, one pint of new milk.	Per diem. — Quarter of a pound of bread, one quart of gruel, three pints of new milk, half a pint of flummery. Barley water at occa-sions.
Cork Fever Hospital.	Breakfast.—One half quartern loaf for every four, and one pint of new milk each. Under 12 years, half a quartern loaf for every eight. Dinner.—(1, 3, 5)—One pound of beef, and two pounds of potatoes. Under 12 years, half a pound of beef, and one pound of potatoes. — (2, 4, 6, 7) — Potatoes and milk. Supper. — One pint of milk and one of stirabout, for adults ; half do. for children.	Breakfast. — One-fourth of a lb. of bread, with milk and water sweet-ened. Dinner. — Gruel, broth, wine, and porter, as or-dered by the physician.
IV. UNITED STATES.
Pennsylva-nia Hospi-tal, Philada.	Breakfast.—Tea, coffee,- or chocolate, with sugar or mo-lasses and milk,and common baker's bread at discretion. Dinner.—Soup always; meat of two kinds—mutton and beef, generally—pork frequently; vegetables, accord-ing to the season; potatoes and rice, always. Supper. — Tea and bread: no butter allowed either to breakfast or supper, unless prescribed.	Gruel, gum water, barley water, and other arti-cles prescribed by the physician.
Philadel-phia Hospital, (Blockley.)	House Diet. — Arrow-root, gruel, sago, tapioca, rice, beef tea, beef essence, chicken water, rice water, bar-ley water, gum water, flaxseed tea, lemonade. (The diet on which the sick are placed on entering the house until otherwise directed.) Moderate Diet. — Tea, crackers, broth, rice, mush, milk, potatoes, <fec. Full Diet. — Bread, coffee, tea, white meat, mutton, beef, ham, eggs, butter, soup, potatoes, &c.	The kind and quantity left to the physician. The House Diet may be regarded as low diet.
NevYork Hospital, 1 N. York City. 1	Breakfast. — Bread and black tea, one ounce of tea to every six, and a pint of milk to every eight patients. Dinner.—Tuesdays, Wednesdays, Thursdays, and Satur-days, beef soup, with beef and potatoes, and bread. On Mondays, boiled rice, with one gill of molasses. Supper.—The same as breakfast.	Special diet is directed by the attending phy-sician, and adapted to each case.
 
DIET  DRINK
30
1             DIGESTIBLE
  The Diet Scale of the British A'avy allows from
31 to 35i ounces of dry nutritious matter daily;
of which 26 ounces are vegetable, and the rest
animal — 9 ounces of salt meat, or 4i ounces of
fresh.
  That of the Navy of the United States is as
follows :—Three days in the week — Pork, 16 oz.;
beans or peas, 7 oz.;  biscuit,  14  oz.; pickles or
cranberries,  I oz.;  sugar, 2 oz.;  tea,  £ oz.;—40J
oz.  Two days in the week — Beef, 16 oz.; flour,
8 oz.; fruit,  dried,  4 oz.;  biscuit, 14 oz.;  tea and
sugar, 2i  oz.;  pickles or cranberries, 1 oz.; —
45i oz.   Two days in the week — Beef,  16  oz.;
rice, * oz.; butter, 2 oz. ; cheese, 2 oz.;  biscuit,
14 oz.; tea and sugar, 2£ oz.; pickles or cran-
berries,  1 oz.;—45i oz.
   In the Edinburgh workhouse  the  total allow-
ance of  dry  food is about 17 ounces —13 ounces
vegetable, and 4  ounces animal.  In the Edin-
burgh children's poor-house, the diet consists of
milk  and  porridge,  barley  broth and   bread,
amounting to 13  ounces of vegetable food  to 4
ounces of  animal.  These allowances have been
found ample for the maintenance of health.  Per-
haps the case of the smallest quantity of food on
which life was vigorously supported  was  that of
Cornaro,—not more than 12 ounces a day, chiefly
of vegetable matter, for a period of 58 years.
   DIET DRINK.  A decoction or  potion, va-
riously composed, and used in considerable quan-
tity, for the purpose of purifying the blood.  The
Decoc'tum Lusitatlicum or Lisbon Diet-drink  is
 )ne of the most celebrated.   See Decoctum Sar-
saparillae Compositum.
   Diet, Dry.  A diet in  which  there is but a
small or no allowance of fluid.
   DIETARY, TABLE OF, see Diet Scale.
   DIETE, Diet.
   DIETETICS, Diatet'ice, Diatet'ica, 3Tedici'na
 Diatet'ica; same etymon.  (F.) Diititique.  A
branch  of medicine, comprising the  rules to be
 followed for preventing, relieving, or curing dis-
 eases by diet.  Dietetics is diet administered ac-
 cording to principle.  It is an important  part of
 Hygiene.   A well regulated  system  of diet has
 great power in checking disease, and  likewise in
 preventing it.  A proper knowledge  of dietetics
 is, indeed, as important as that of the  Materia
 Medica, strictly so called.
   Dietetics  has  been used, also, synonymously
 with Hygiene.
   DIETETIQUE, Dietetics.
   DIETETTSTS, Diatetis'ta,  (F.) Diititistes.
 Physicians who apply only the rules of dietetics
to the treatment of disease.
   DIEl-LE-FILT,  MINERAL  WATERS OF.
The waters of Dieu-le-filt, in France, are chaly-
beate, and much sought after.
   DIEURYSMUS, Dilatation.
   DIEX'ODOS, from Sta, and e%oSos,  'an exit or
way out.'   Dlodos.  Any opening by  which an
excretion takes place.
  DIFFERENTIAL  DIAGNOSIS, see Diacri-
tica signa.
  DIFFERENTIATION, Development.
  DIFFICULTAS  INTESTINORUM, Dysen-
tery.
  DIFFLATIO, Perspiration.
  DIFFOR3IITE,  Deformation.
  DIFFU'SIBLE, (stimulants) from  diffundere,
(dis, aud fundere,  fusum, 'to pour,')  'to pour
apart or abroad.'  Those stimulating medicines
are so called, which augment the action of the
vascular and  nervous systems in an acute  but
transitory manner.

  DIGAS'TRICUS, from Sis, 'twice,'and yaomp,
' a  belly:' Biven'ter; B. 3Iaxill'a, Dep'rimens
31 axil la  Biven'ter, Bigas'ter, (F.) 3Iastoidohyo-
ginien,   31 astoido-gi.nien — (Ch.),  Digastriquc,
Abaisseur de la machoire infirieure.  The  name
Digastricus  was formerly given  to  several mus-
cles.  It is now restricted to one  of the muscles
of the superior hyoid region.  The  digastricus is
thick and fleshy at its extremities, thin  and ten-
dinous at Its middle.  It is attached to  the mas-
toid groove  of the temporal bone, and  to a fos-
sette  at the side of the symphysis menti.  Its
tendon  passes through an aponeurotic ring, which
is attached to the os hyoides.
  The  use  of the digastricus is  to depress  the
lower jaw, or to raise the os hyoides, and to carry
it forwards or backwards, as in deglutition.
  The strong  double-bellied muscle, which  forms
the gizzard of birds, is also called Digastricus.
  Digastricus Cranii,  Occipito-frontalis.
  DIGASTRIQUE, Digastricus.
  DIGENY, see Generation.
  DIGERENTIA, Digestives.
  DIGES'TIBLE,  Cbncoc'^s  hab'ilis.  Capable
of being digested.  All food is  not equally di-
gestible, and some of the most important  is the
least so :—the fat of meat, for  example.   Certain
substances,  again, are  entirely rebellious.   The
following table exhibits  the time required for the
stomachal digestion of  different alimentary sub-
stances, in a well-known case, which fell under
the care of Dr. Beaumont. The table is extracted
from the Author's Human Health, Philadelphia,
1844.   The  most digestible substances are  taken
as the standard, which has been arbitrarily fixed
at 1000: and accordingly, aponeurosis,  the first
article  in the  table,  requiring 3 hours,  whilst
pigs' feet soused, rice,  &c.,  require but one, its
digestibility, compared  with that of these ali-
ments, is  placed as 333 to 1000; and so of the
others.   It  need scarcely be said, that  all  these
tabular  results apply, in strictness, to  the indi-
vidual  concerned only; yet they afford  useful
comparative views,  which with  exceptions  de-
pending upon  individual peculiarities,  may be
regarded  as approximations applicable  to  man-
kind in  general. 
DIGESTIFS              302                 DIGITAL
Aliments.
Form of
prepara-
Aponeurosis..............boiled
Apples, mellow...........raw
  Do   sour, hard.........I do.
  Do.   sweet, mellow .... | do.
Barley...............boiled
Bass, striped, fresh........[broiled
Beans, pod  ..............[boiled
  Do.  and green corn.....I do.
Beef, fresh, lean, rare......Toasted
 Do.  do.   do.  dry......  do.
 Do.  do.   sleak.........broiled
 Do   with salt only.......[boiled
 Do.  with mustard, &c---i do.
 Do......................[fried
 Do.  old, hard salted......[boiled
Beds...................boiled
Brains, animal............[boiled
Bread, corn...............baked
  Do,  wheal, fresh.......baked
Bniterf...................melted
Cabbage, head............raw
   Do.   with vinegar.... do.
   Do.....................boiled
Cake, corn................baked
 Do.  sponge.............  do.
Carrot, orange............boiled
Cartilage  ................  do.
Catfish, fresh.............fried
Cheese, old, strong........raw
Chicken, full grown......  |fricasseed
Codfish, cured dry  ........boiled
Corn  (green) and beans... .boiled
Custard...................baked
Duck, domesticated.......roasted
 Do.  wild.........
Dumpling,  apple.
Esss   "
  Do.
  Do.
  Do,
  Do.
  Do.
                    do.
                   boiled
fresh -............hard boiled
 do................|soft boiled
 do................fried
       do.........
       do........
       do  .......
Flounder, fresh
Fowls, domestic ..,
  Do.     do......
Gelatin...........
Goose, wild  ......
Heart, animal.....
Lamb, fresh......
Liver, beefs, fresh
roasted
raw
whipped
fried
boiled
roasted
boiled
roasted
fried
boiled
  do.
333
500
352
545
500
333
400
260
■m
285
333
303
285
250
235
260
571
302
285
2,-5
400
500
222
333
400
302
235
285
285
303
500
200
3i 3
250
222
333
285
'333
285
444
500
000
285
250
250
400
400
250
400
500
Marrow, animal  spinal
.Meal and vegetables ...
Milk     ..............
 Do....................
M.nton, fresh..........
  Do.    do...........
  Do     do...........
Ovsters. fn-sh..........
  Do.    do...........
  Do.    do...........
Parsnips...............
Pig. sucking...........
Pigs' feet, soused.......
Pork, fat and lean.....
 Do- recently salted....
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
Potatoes, Irish
Do.
Do.
do....
do....
Ri<<
Salmon, salted.........
 ausage, fresh.........
Soup, barlev...........
 Do.  bean'............
 Do.  beef, vegetables, and
        broad ..........,
 Do.  chicken...........
Soup marrow bones.....
 Do. mutton...........
 Do. oyster.............
Suet, beef, fresh.........
 Do. mutton...........
Tapioca................
Tendon, boiled..........
Tripe,  soused...........
Trout, salmon, fresh ....
 Do.     do.............
Turkey, domestic.......
  Do."     do...........
  Do.    wild...........
Turnips", flat............
Veal, fresh..............
 Do.   do...............
Vegetables   and  meat
        hashed  .........
Venison, steak.........
Form of
[(repara-
  tion.
boiled
hushed
boiled
raw
  asted
broiled
boiled
raw
roasted
 tewed
boiled
rousted
Soiled
roasted
boiled
fried
broiled
r.-iw
stewed
boiled
roasted
baked
boiled
  do.
  do.
broiled
boiled
  do.
 do.
 do.
 do.
 do.
 do.
 do.
 do.
 do.
 do.
 do.
 do.
fried
roasted
boiled
roasted
boiled
broiled
fried

warmed
broiled
ft. in
  40
2 30
3 I.
 )
3
2 5.
3 I.
3 3(1
  30
2 30
 I
  15
4 30
4 15
3 15
3
3
3 30
2 30
3 20
 I
 1 45
4
3 20
 1 30
 3

4
3
 4 15
 3 30
 3 30
 5 30
 4 30
 2
 5 30
 1
 I 30
 1 30
 2 30
 2 25
 2 18
 3 30
 4
 4 30

 2 30
 I 35
 400
 500
 444
 307
 :i:i;i
 333
 342
 3U7

 40(1
 400
1000
 ItlU

 235
 302
 333
 333
 285
 400
 400
1000
 571
 25(1
 300
 btiti
 333

 250
 333
 235
 285
 285
 ]8I

 500
 181
1000
 Ulili
 b(-(i
 -loo
 511
 435
 285
 250
400
031
  * Pigs' feet soused, rice, and tripe soused, being the most digestible articles in the table, are estimated at 1000.
  t In the case of oils, and other substances of similar nature, which undergo little digestion in the stomach,
the time merely indicates the period that elapses before they are sent into the duodenum.
  DIGESTIFS, Digestives.
  DIGESTIO,  Digestion —d.  Depravata,  Dys-
pepsia— d. Difficilis, Dyspepsia — d. Laesa, Dys-
pepsia.
  DIGES'TION, Digest'io, from  digere, ' to dis-
solve ;' Coctio,  C. Cibo'rurn, Pep'sis,  Diges'tive
Proc"ess.   Digestion is a function, by means  of
which alimentary substances,  when  introduced
into the digestive canal, undergo  different altera-
tions.  The object of this is to convert them into
two parts;  the  one,  a reparatory juice,  destined
to  renew the perpetual waste  occurring in  the
economy :  the  other, deprived of  its  nutritious
properties,  to be  rejected from the body.  This
function  is composed of a  series of organic  ac-
tions, differing according to the particular organi-
zation of the animal.   In man they are eight in
number, viz : 1. Prehension  of food. 2.  Mastica-
tion.   3. Insalivation.   4. Deglutition.   5. Action
of the stomach.   6. Action of the small intestine.
7. Action of the large intestine.   8. Expulsion of
the faeces.
  Digestion is also a pharmaceutical  operation,
which consists in treating certain solid substnncej
with  water, alcohol,  or other  menstruum,  at  a
slightly elevated  temperature, — in a sand-bath,
for example, or by leaving them exposed for some
time to the sun.
  DIGESTIVE,  see  Digestives —d.  Principle,
Pepsin—d. Process, Digestion.
  Digestive Texture.  The particular organio
condition of substances which affects their diges-
tibility.
  Digestive Tube, Canal, alimentary.
  Diges'tives,  Digesti'va,  Digeren'tia;  same
etymon  as  Digestion.   (F.) Digestifs.  A terra
given, by surgeons,  to substances,  which, when
applied  to a wound  or ulcer,  promote suppura-
tion ;  as the  ceratum resina,  it-arm cataplasms,
fomentations,  &c.   Such  substances are vulgarly
termed drawing.
   DIG"ITAL, Digita'lis;  from digitus, 'a fin-
ger:'  having  the shape  of a  finger;  digitated.
Belonging to the fingers.
   The Appen'dix  vermifor'mie caci is sometiuieJ
called Dig"ital Appen'dix. 
DIGITAL  BLANG         303         DILATING  AGENTS
  Digital  Arteries, Veins, and  Nerves, are
those distributed to the  fingers.
  DIGITAL BLANC,  Clavaria.
  Digital  Cavity, An'cyroid cavity,  Cornu de-
iceu'dens ventric'uli latera'lis. The occipital por-
tion of the lateral  ventricle of the brain.
  DIGITAL HUMAIN, Clavaria.
  Digital  Impressions, see Impressions Digital,
are the slight depressions observable on the inner
surface of the bones of the  cranium, which corre-
spond to the cerebral convolutions.
  DIGIT ALE PETITE,  Gratiola officinalis.
  DIGITA'LE.  Same etymon as  Digital.  (F.)
 Doigtier.    A finger stall.    The  term  Doigtier
 il'Asdrubali  has been given to  a small iron  in-
 strument used  for measuring the dimensions of
 tbe pelvis.   Placed at the  end of the  index fin-
 ger, it adds to its  length and enables  it to reach
 the promontory of the sacrum.
   DIGfTALINE, see Digitalis.
   DICITA'LIS, from digitus, 'a finger,' because
 its flower  represents a  finger ; Digita'lis purpu-
 rea, Bac'charis, Bacchar,  Baccar, [/] Fox-glove,
 (Sc.) Deadmen's bells,  (Prov.)  Flapdock.  Ord.
 Scrophularineoe.   Sex.  Syst.  Didynamia  Angio-
 ppertnia.   (F.) Digitate,  Gants de notre dame,
 Doigtier.  The leaves  of  this  plant,  which  are
 indigenous in Great Britain, are powerfully seda-
 tive, diminishing  the velocity of the  pulse, diu-
 retic, and  sorbefacient.  In  over-doses, Digitalis
 causes vomiting, purging,  dimness of sight, ver-
 tigo, delirium, hiccough, convulsions,  and death :
 —all the symptoms, in short, which characterize
 the acro-na.rcotic  class of  poisons.  Its active
 principle  has  been called Dig"ita!ine.   It is  a
 hundred-fold stronger  than  the most active pre-
 paration of digitalis.
    Digitalis has been administered in inflamma-
 tory diseases, phthisis, active hemorrhage, drop-
 sy, Ac.; but although  it is a powerful remedy,  it
 bns not been  as  much employed  as  it probably
 would  have been in particular cases, owing to
 the over-strained eulogiums, which  many  have
 passed upon it in almost all diseases.   The ave-
 rage dose is one grain, in  the form of pill, which
  may be repeated  every six or eight hours.
    Digitalis Minima, Gratiola officinalis.
    DIGITARIA DACTYLON, Cynodon dactylon.
    DIGITA'TION, Digita'tio, Prodnc'tio denta'ta,
  Inser'tio denticula'ta, 1. digita'ta, (F.) Dentature,
  Dentelure.  A division into  processes having the
  form of fingers.   Several muscles, as the serati,
  exhibit digitations, similar to  those which  the
  fingers form, when held separate.
    DIGITATIONES  TUBARUM  FALLOPII,
  see Tube, Fallopian.
    DIGIT"IUM.   Desiccation  or  atrophy of the
  fingers.—Linnaeus.  Sauvages  calls the same af-
  fection Paroni/ch'ia Digil'inm, see Paronychia.
    DIGITORUM  TENSOR, Extensor brevis digi-
  torum pedis.
    DIG'TTUS, Dac'tylos,  Finger, (F.) Doigt.   A
  name given to the prolongations which  form the
  extremity of the  hand.  Thero are five on each
  hand: the  first,  the  thumb, Anticheir,  Pollex,
  Alius  Pollex, 3Ianus  pama majo'ri adju'trix,
  Dig"itus  primus  seu  magnus,  Pro'manus, (F.)
  Ponce; the second, the index.  Digitus index seu
 secttrldns seu sahtta'ris seu saluta'rins seu de-
  monstrato'rius  seu  elemonstrati'vus,  Indica'tor,
  Demons!ra'tor; Llchanos ; the third, D.  me'dius
  ecu tcr'tius seu  famo'sus  seu inipudi'cus seu ob-
 icir'nus seu iufa'mis seu verpus,  (F.) Doigt. du
 milieu, middle finger or long finger;  the fourth,
 the ring finger,  Digitus  annula'ris, Param'esos,
 D. quarttts seu medicina'h's  seu med'icus seu cor-
 dis, Ialricus,  (F.)  Annulaire:   and the  little
 finger, Otitis, Dig"itus auricula'ris seu min'imns
 sen parvus seu quintus seu myops seu oti'tce, (F.)
Auriculaire, Petit doigt.  All of these have threo
phalanges, except the first, which has only two.
  Digitus Annularis, Annular finger — d. Au-
ricularis, see Digitus—d. Cordis, see Digitus—d.
Demonstrativus,  see  Digitus — d.  Demonstrato-
rius, see Digitus — d.  Famosus, see Digitus — d.
Impudicus, see  Digitus — d.  Index, Index, gee
Digitus—d. Indicatorius, Index, see Digitus—d.
Infamis, see Digitus — d.  Magnus, Pollex, see
Digitus—d. Medicinalis, see Digitus—d. Medicus,
see Digitus—d. Medius, see Digitus—d. Minimus,
see Digitus—d. Myops, see Digitus—d. Obscoenus,
see Digitus — d. Otites, see Digitus — d. Parvus,
see Digitus.
   Dig"itus  Pedis,  Toe, (Sc.) Tae, (F.) Orteil.
The toes  are five in  number, and  distinguished
numerically, reckoning from  within to without.
The first  is, also, called great toe, tom-toe, (F.)
gros orteil;  the  fifth, the  little toe, petit orteil.
They have  nearly the same organization as the
fingers.
   Digitus Primus, Pollex, see Digitus—d. Quar-
tus, see Digitus—d. Quintus, see Digitus—d. Salu-
taris, see  Digitus—d. Salutarius, see Digitus—d.
Salutatorius,  Index — d. Secundus,  Index, see
Digitus.
   Digitus Semimor'tccs.  ' Half dead finger.'  A
torpid condition  of the fingers, met with in con-
nection with chlorosis, and cerebro-spinal  affec-
tions.
   Digitus  Supeunumera'rius, Supernumerary
finger, (F.) Doigt surnumiraire.  An  occasional
monstrosity occurs, in which  there are supernu-
merary fingers ; and at times owing to hereditary
transmission.
   Digitus  Tertius, see Digitus—d. Verpus, see
Digitus.
   DIGNA'THUS,  from St, 'double,' and yvados,
'lower jaw.'  A monster having two lower jaws.
—Gurlt.
   DIGNOTIO, Diagnosis.
   DIHYPOGAS'TRIUS, from Si, 'double,'and
'viroyaorptov,  'the  hypogastrium.'  A  monster
whose pelvis, together with the lower  portion of
the abdomen, is double.
   DIHYSTE'RIA, Dime'tra, Didel'phys, V'terus
duplex, from St, ' double,' aind 'varipn,  ' uterus.'
The state in which there is a  double uterus.
   DIJUDICATIO. Crisis.
   DILACERATIO. Laceration.
   D1LATANTS, Dilating agents.  '
   DILATATEUR,  Dilator — d.  Antirieur du
 larynx, Crico-thyroid muscle — d. Postirieur du
 larynx, Crico-arytenoid, posterior.
   DILATATIO  BRONCHIORUM,  Bronchia,
 dilatation of the—d. Ventriculi, Gastrectasis—d.
 Intestinorum, Enterectasis.
   DILATA'TION, dilata'tio, from dilatare, dila-
 tatum,  (latum  facere.) 'to  enlarge;' Eurys'mn*,
 Aneurys'mus, Dieurys'mus.  Augmentation  of the
 bulk of a body, occasioned  by  a separation  of
 some of its molecules.  Caloric has the  property
 of dilating all bodies.  In Surgery, it means the
 accidental  or preternatural augmentation of  a
 canal  or  opening:  as in aneurisms, varices, <tc,
 or the process of enlarging any aperture or  canal.
 When used so as to obtain a view of parts, as by
 the speculum, it is  termed Dioptris'mus.
   DILATATOIRE, Dilator.
   DILATATORIUM, Dilator.
   DILATATORIUS, Dilator.
   DILA'TING AGENTS, Dilatan'tia,  (F.) Di-
 latants.    Certain  substances used in  surgery,
either to keep parts separate which have  a ten-
dency to  unite — as after  opening an abscess, to
prevent the edges  of the  incision from uniting;
or to increase and dilate openings of canals, either
when  natural, or formed accidentally or artifici-
ally.  These agents  differ from each  other: the 
DILATOR
30
ohief are—prepared sponge tents, gentian root,
bougies, sounds, dried peas for issues, Ac.
  DILA'TOR. Dilatato'riits, Diastoleus, (F.) Di-
latateur ou Dilatatoire.   A muscle, whose office
it is to dilate certain parts; such as the inspira-
tory muscles, which dilate the chest.
  Dilator, Dilatato'rium, (F.)  Di/atateur.  An
instrument, used  for dilating a wound, excretory
canal, or other natural or artificial opening.  When
employed to obtain  an  inspection of internal
parts, it is termed Spec'ulum, Diop'tra, or Diop'-
tron. There are several instruments of this kind,
each taking its name from the part to which it is
applied; as Speculum  Oris, S. Nasi, S. Uteri, &c.
  Dilator, Aknott's.  A modification of the old
dilators for strictures  of the urethra.  It consists
of a tube of oiled silk, lined with the thin gut of
some small animal to make it air-tight, and fixed
on  the extremity of a small canula. by which it
is  distended with air or  water, from a bag or
syringe at the outer end, whilst a stop-cock or
valve serves  to keep the  air or water in, when
received.  As soon as the bag  is passed  within
the  stricture or strictures, as much air is to be
injected  into it as the patient  can easily bear.
The instrument is not much used.
  Dilatores Alarum Nasi, Compressor Naris.
  DILATRIS  TINCTORIA, Lachnanthes tinc-
toria.
  DILL, Anethum graveolens.
  DILLY, Anthemis cotula.          .
  DILUEN'TIA, from  diluo, (dis, and luere,) 'I
wash away.'   (F.) Dilayants.   Medicines  which
have been conceived proper for augmenting the
fluidity of the blood and other animal liquids.
All aqueous  drinks  are diluents.  They are ad-
ministered, with  great advantage, in various dis-
eases. In fever, water, which is  the most familiar
diluent, may be freely allowed;  the only precau-
tion being to give it hot in the cold stage, cold in
the hot,  and tepid in  the sweating. In diseases,
where it is considered necessary  to abstract blood
largely, diluents  should not be  given too freely.
The abstraction  of blood occasions activity of
absorption, and the mass is speedily restored.  It
is also obvious, that in cases of  inflammation of
the mammae,  in  nurses, diluents should  not be
freely allowed, as they increase  the secretion of
milk, and add to  the irritation.  When demulcents
are exhibited in cases of urinary disease, they act
simply as diluents: their  mucilaginous portion is
digested in the stomach  and small intestine,—
the watery portion alone being  separated  by the
kidney.
  DILWEED, Anthemis  cotula.
  DIMETRA, Dihysteria.
  DINANT, MINERAL  WATERS OF. Dinant
is a small town,  six leagues from St.  Malo, in
France, where are mineral waters, containing car-
bonate of iron, chloride of sodium, Ac.  They are
much esteemed.
  DINGEE, Dengue.
  DINIC, Antidinic.
  DINKHOLD, MINERAL WATERS OF.  A
rich carbonated water, situate near the junction
of the Lahn with  the Rhine, in the duchy of Nas-
sau.  It contains sulphate of soda, chloride of
sodium, carbonate of soda, sulphate of lime,  car-
bonate of lime, and sulphate of  magnesia.
  DINOMANIA, Tarantismus.
  DIN US, Vertigo—d. Scotoma, Scotodynia—d.
Vertigo, Vertigo.
  DIOBOLON. Scruple.
  DIOCRES, Pastil.
  DIODONCEPHALUS,   (F.)   Diodoncephale,
from Sis, 'twice,' oSovs, oSovtos, 'a tooth,'  and
KetpaXn, 'head.'  A monster with a double  range
of teeth, or double jaw.
  DIODOS, Diexodos.
4              DIPHTHERIA
  DIC3CESIS, Dispensation.
  DIONCO'SIS, from  Sta, and oyKos, 'a tumour.'
The Methodists applied this name to a sort of
tumefaction or plethora, occurring either directly
from too great a quantity of fluid circulating in
the system, or owing to the  retention of  sub-
stances which ought to be excreted.  It is tho
antithesis to symptosis.  See Intumescence.
  DIONYSIA'NUS, (F.) Dionysien, from  Aioiu-
aos, ' Bacchus,' who is represented by the poets as
wearing horns.  One who has long or horn-like
excrescences.
  DIONYSIS'CUS, same etymon.  One who hna
a long  horn-like excrescence on the frontal region
-Vogel.
  DIOPIITHALMUS,  Binoculus.
  DIOPTRA, Speculum, see Dilator.
  DIOPTRISMUS, Dilatation.
  DIOPTRON, Speculum, see Dilator.
  DIORTHO'SIS, from StopSeu, 'I make straight.'
The reduction of a fractured or luxated limb.
  DIOSCOREA, (after Dioscorides,) see Yam.
  Diosco'rea Villo'sa,  Wild  Yamroot; indi-
genous : Order, Dioscoriaeeae ; flowering in July.
A decoction of the  root has been prescribed in
bilious  colic.  It is said to be expectorant, dia-
phoretic, and, in large doses, emetic.
  DIOSCURI, Parotis.
  DIOSMA, D. crenata.
  Dios'ma Crena'ta,  from  Stos,  'divine,'  and
oapn,  ' odour.'   Baros'ma crena'ta, Agathos'ina
cr-ena'tum,  Buchu   Leaves, Diosma  (Ph. U. S.,
1842, Buchu, 1851), Bucku, Bocchoe, Bocho, Boo-
cho, Buckho, (F.) Diosmie crinelie.   Ord. Dios-
meae.   A  South African plant,  the powder of
whose  leaves is used by the Hottentots to perfume
their bodies.   It has been employed in chronio
affections  of the bladder  and urinary organs in
general. It has also been given in  cholera.  It
is often adulterated in commerce, by the substitu-
tion of less potent plants of the same  family, as
Diosma serratifo'lia, and Ettpleu'rum serrula'turn.
  Diosma Serratifolia, D. crenata.
  DIOSMEE CRENELEE, Diosma crenata.
  DIOS'PYROS LOTUS,  Faba  Graca,  Indian
Date Plum, (F.) Plaqueminiet- d'Europe.  Ord.
Ebenaceae. This tree grows in some of the south-
ern parts  of  Europe.  Its fruit is very astrin-
gent, and  has been recommended in  dysentery
and hemorrhage.
  Dios'pyros Virginia'na, Lotus Virginia'na,
Persim'mon.  A common tree in the middle parts
of  the  United  States.  The  fruit,  Persiin'rnons,
Yellow Plums, Winter Plums, Seeded Plums, which
is only eatable after frost, (when it is tolerable.)
is sometimes made into cakes with bran.  These,
being dried in an oven, are kept to make beer.
When  bruised in water, fermentation takes place.
The unripe fruit, Diospy'ros  (Ph.  U. S.), is  dis-
tressingly acerb and astringent.  It has been used
as an  astringent.   The bark  of the tree is  ex-
tremely bitter, and may be used where bitters aro
indicated.
  DIO'TA, Dyo'ta, from Sts, and ovs,  ottos, 'ear.'
Two-eared, two-handled.  Applied to  a wooden
cup, lined with a composition of resin, cinnamon,
cloves,  and  ginger, to give more flavour to beer. It
was formerly much used in the north of Europe.
  DIPHORUS, Diphrus.
  DIPIIRUS,  Di'phorus, from Sis, 'two,'  and
iptpur, '  I carry.'  Properly a seat for two. A close
stool.
  Diphrus Maieu'ticus,  Sella obstetric"ia.  An
obstetric chair.
  DIPH'RYGES,  from  Its, and tppvyur, 'I  tor-
refy.'  The oxide of copper, more  or  less pare.
The ancients reckoned three kinds of diphryges,
which  they used as astringents.
  DIPHTHERIA,  Diphtheritis. 
DIPnTUERITE           305               DIRECTOR
  DIPHTHE'rITE,  Diphtheritis — d. Buccale, |
Stomatitis, pseudomembranous.
  DIPHTHERI'TIS, Diphther'ia,  Diphtherit'ic
Inflammation, Pellicular Inflammation, (F.) Diph- •
thirite from  Sapdepa,  'a  membrane.'   A  name
given by M.  Bretonneau  to a  class of diseases,
which are characterized by a tendency  to  the
formation of false membranes ;  and affect the der-
moid tissue,— as the mucous membranes, and
even the skin.
   Diphtheritis of the Throat, Angina pellicu-
laris—d. Trachealis, Cynanche trachealis.
   DIPLASIASMUS,  Duplication.
   DIPLOCEPHA'LIA,  from   SinXoos,  'double,'
 and KtipaXn, ' head.' A monstrosity  characterized
 by the presence of two heads on the same body.
   DIPLECOIA, Double hearing.
   DIP'LOE, from 5«mXoa>, 'I double.'  Diplo'sis,
 Meditul'lium, 3fedium Calva'ria Discri'men. The
 cellular structure, which separates the two tables
 of the skull from each other.  The ancients ap-
 plied the term, also,  to  the proper coat  of the
 uterus [?]—Rolfink, in Castelli.
   The Diploe  has  the  same use as the cellular
 structure of bones in  general.  See Cancelli.
   DIPLOGEN'ESIS, SmXoos,  'double,' and ytvt-
 ats, 'generation,' (F.) Diploginese.   An organic
 deviation, which consists  of  the duplication of
 parts.  Monstrosity by duplication.  Duplic"itas
 monstro'sa, constituting double monsters.
   DIPLOLEPIS GALLJE  TINCTORIiE, see
 Quercus infectoria.
   DIPLO'MA. Same etymon as Diploe.  A letter
 or  writing  conferring  some  privilege:  usually
 applied to the  document, certifying that a person
 has obtained the title of Doctor,  it was so called
 because formerly written on waxed tables, folded
  together.  Diploma is also used in  pharmacy for
  a vessel with double  walls,—as a water-bath.
    DIPLO'PIA, from SitXoos, ' double,' and ottto-
  pat, ' I see.'   Visits Duplica'tus, Ditto'pia, Dit-
  top'sia, Amphamphot erodiop' si a, Amphodiplo'pia,
  Ambio'pia, Double Vision, (F.) Bivue.  An affec-
  tion of the sight, in which two distinct sensations
  are produced  by the same object,  which  conse-
  quently seems double.  Sometimes  more than two
  are seen  ; but still the disease  is termed Diplo'pia
  and Suffu'sio Mult'iplicans.  This affection arises
  from some derangement  in  the visual axes,  in
  consequence of which, the  images are not im-
  pressed on  corresponding parts of the retina of
  each eye.  At times, the diplopia affects one eye,
  or each  eye when used  alone, owing  to some
  irregularity in the curvature,  density, or position
  of the dioptric media.   It is  then, called Uniov-
  ular Diplopia.
    The diplopia of both  eyes  has   been  termed
  Amphodiplo'pia and  Amphoterodiplo'pia.
    DIPLOSIS. Diploe,  Duplication.
    DIPLOSO'MA, from  St-rrXoos,  'double,' and
  irciifia, 'body.'   The Diplosoma crena'ta is an im-
  perfectly described  entozoon, which  has been
  passed  from the urinary bladder.  It varies  in
  length from four to  six or eight  inches,  and is
  thinnest in the middle, where it  is  bent  at an
  acute angle upon itself, so that the  two halves
  hang nearly parallel, and give to it  an  appear-
  ance as  if two worms  had been tied together by
  their heads.   It has been confounded with the
  Spiroptera hominis.
    DIPLOSOMA'TIA,  Diploso'mia, from StitXoos,
  'double,' and  aorpa, oorparos, 'body.'  An organic
  deviation, characterized  by the presence  of two
  complete bodies, united  by one or more of their
  parts.
    DIl'XOOS, from Sis, and won, 'breath.'  Hav-
  ing two  vent  holes; Bisplrus.  An  epithet ap-
          20
plied to wounds which pass through a part, and
admit the air at both ends.—Galen.
  DIPROSO'PUS, Iriod'ymus et Opod'ymns, from
St,  'double,' and -rtpoaar-nov,  'countenance.'   A
monster having a double face.
  Diproso'pus DijEDCE'us, from St, 'double,' and
npoatirwov,  'countenance;' and Si, 'double,' and
aibota, 'parts of generation.'   A double monster,
in  whom the duplication affects  superiorly  the
face, and inferiorly the anterior pelvic region.—
Barkow.
  Diproso'pus Dihypogas'trius, from Si, 'dou-
ble,' and  Trpotxonrov, 'countenance,' and from  St,
'double,'  and  '"vrtoyaarpiov,  'the hypogastriutn.'
A double monster in whom the duplication affects
superiorly the face, and  inferiorly the lower part
of  the body, four lower extremities being  always
present—Tetras' celus.
  DIPSA, Thirst.
  DIPSACOS, Diabetes.
  DIP'SACUS   FULLO'NUM,  Herba  Car'dui
 Ven'eris,  Car'duus Ven'eris, (F.) Cardire  cultivi,
 Chardon d fioulon, Chardon et bonnetier, has had
similar properties ascribed to it.  Both have been
also regarded as stomachic.
  Dip'sacus  Sylves'tris,  from  Si\la,  'thirst.'
said to be so called, owing to the leaves being so
placed as  to  bold water.   Cultivated  Teasel,
(F.)  Cardere.   Ord. Dipsaceae.  The  roots  of
this European plant are diuretic and  sudorific.
The  water,  which collects at  the  base  of   the
leaves, has  been recommended as an eye-water.
  DIPSET'ICOS, from  St^a,  'thirst.'  (F.) Dip-
sitique.  A remedy believed to  be capable  of
 exciting thirst.   See Alterative.
   DIPSO'DES, Siliens, Siticulo'sus, (Old Eng.)
 Afforst, (Prov.) Thrttsty  ; from Stipa, 'thirst,' and
 eiSos, 'resemblance.'  Thirsty.  Causing thirst.
   DIPSOMA'NIA, from Si^a, 'thirst,' and mania.
 Really, 'thirst-mania.' Often, however, applied to
 habitual  drunkenness and  to delirium tremens.
 An insatiable desire for  intoxicating liquors.
   DIPSOP'ATHY,  Dipsopathi'a, from Si-lo,
 'thirst,' and irados,  'disease.'  A  mode of treat-
 ment, which consists in  abstaining from drinks.
   DIPSO'SIS.   Same  etymon.  Morbid thirst.
 The  desire for drinking, excessive or impaired.
 A  genus in the class Cadiaca, order Enterica, of
 Good.
   Dipso'sis Avens,  Polydypsia—d.  Expers,
 Adipsia.
   DIP'TERIX  ODORA'TA, Coumarou'na odo-
 ra'ta.  The fruit of this large  tree of Guiana is
 a pod, inclosing a single seed.  The bean, Tonka
 bean, has a strong, agreeable, aromatic  odour,
 and is used to flavour snuff.
   DI'PYGUS, from Si, 'double,'and rrvyn, 'nates.'
 A  double monster, the duplication being confined
 to  the posterior portion of the lower  end of  the
 trunk—the coccygeal region.
    DIPYRE'NON, from Sis,  'twice,'  and irvpnv,
 'a kernel.'  A specil'lum or probe with two but-
 tons or kernels—one at  each end.
    DIPYRITKS, Biscuit.
   DIPYROS, Biscuit.
    DIRCA  PALUS'TRIS, Leatherwood,  Swamp
 Leatherwood,  3/oosewood,  Swampwood,   Rope-
 bark, Bois  de plomb, (Canada.)  Ord.  Thyirelea-
 ceae.  An indigenous shrub, which grows in boggy
 woods and  low wet places throughout the United
 States.  It is analogous to mezereon in its action
 —six or eight grains of the fresh  bark producing
 violent vomiting, preceded  by a sense of heat in
 the stomach, often followed by purging.  Applied
 to  the skin, the bark vesicates.
    DIRECTOR, Itinera'Hum, from dirigere,  di-
 rectum, (dis, and regere, 'to rule,') 'to direct.' A
 Conductor.  A grooved  sound for guiding a knife,
li in dividing any part; (F.) Sonde cannelie. 
DIRIBITORIUM            306            DISINFECTION
  Director Penis, Tschio-cavernosu
  DIRIIUTORIUM. Mediastinum.
  DIRLING, Tingling.
  DIRT-EATING, Chthonophagia.
  DIRUPTIO, Rhexis.
  DIS. Di.
  DISC,  see Disk.
  DISCEPTUM, Diaphragm.
  DISCHARGE', (dis, and charge,)  Ec'roe,
Fluxus, Profiu'vium, (F.) Ecoulement.  In patho-
logy, an  increased discharge from any part, that
naturally secretes a fluid.
  DISCIIROA, Dyschroea.
  DISCREET', from discernere, discretum, (dis,
and ceruere,) 'to separate.' Discredits, Int.ertinc'-
tits, Sep'arated,  (F.)  Discret.  This  epithet  is
given to  certain exanthemata, in which the spots
or pustules are separated  from each other.  It is
opposed  to confluent.
  DISCRET, Discreet.
  DISCRE'TA PURGA'TIO.   The purgation
or expulsion of some particular matter.
  DISCRETIVUS, Diagnostic.
  DISCRETORIUM,  Diaphragm.
  DISCRI'MEN, 'Separation, Division.'  Same
etymon as Discreet.  A bandage, used in bleed-
ing from the frontal vein ;  so called, because, in
passing  along  the  sagittal suture, it divides  the
head into two equal parts.
  Discrimkn Calvary   Medium,  Diploe'— d.
Narium, Septum N.
  Discrimkn Nasi; a bandage,  in  the form of
the letter X, intended  to support  the nose, in
transverse wounds of the  organ.
  Discrimkn Thoracis et Ventris, Diaphrngm.
  DISCUS PROLIOERUS, Proligerous disc—d.
Vitellinus,  Proligerous disc.
  D ISC USS1FS, D i s c u tien ts.
  DISCUSSIO, Resolution.
  DISCUSSIVA, Discutients.
  DISCUSSORIA, Discutients.
  DISCU'TIENTS,  Discutien'tia,  Resolven'tia,
Discttssi'va, Discusso'ria, from disctttere, 'to shako
apart, (dis, and qitatere, 'to shake.')  (F.) Discus.
sifs, Resolutifs.  Substances  which  possess the
power of repelling or resolving tumours.
  DISEASE', old French disaise ; from dis, and
ease: 31orbtts, Nosos, Nose'ma, Noseu'ma,  A'wait,
Pathos, Pathe'ma, Lues, 3Ittlum, Passio, A'gritu'-
do, ^Eif rota'tio,  Vil'ium, Arrhos'tia,  Arrhoste'nu,,
Arrhosten'ia, Valetrldo adver'sa,  3lal'ady, Com-
plaint, Sickness, Distem'per, Ailment, Illness, (F.)
3laladie.   An  opposite  state to  that  of health,
consisting  in a  change either in the  position and
structure of parts, or in  the exercise of  one or
more of their functions, or in both.
   By some, Disease is applied to structural change,
whilst Disorder is restricted to functional derange-
ment.
   The following table, essentially that of Dr. C.
J.  B. Williams, comprises the chief elements of
structural  disease:
' Increased—Hypertrophy,
 Diminished—Atrophy.
             ' Inflammation,
 Altered
Mechanism.
Diseased
Nutrition.
' Contraction,
 Dilatation,
 Obstruction,
 Compression,
 Displacement,
 Rupture, Ac.
Perverted.
Induration,
Softening,
Transformation and Degeneration.
,-,-,,..         f Cicatrices,
 Euplastic.........  -j -p
                               False membranes,
                               Cirrhosis.
 ~    -i.  '   n    i  L-       ! Fibro-cartilage,
 Deposits... -j Cacoplastic.......   Gray tuberc,se)'
                             [ Atheroma, Ac.
                             f Yellow tubercle,
             Aplastic............•< Calcareous
                             (   matter, Ac.
                              f Cysts,
            fNonmalignant...-< Tumours
                              ( Hydatids, Ac.
_ Growths... -j                  f Carcinoma,
            [Malignant.........< Encephaloma,
                              ( Melanosis, Ac.
  Disease op Addison,  see Capsule, renal — d.
Blue, Cyanopathy—d. of Bright, Kidney, Bright's
Disease of the—d. English, Rachitis—d. Extrin-
sic, External disease—d. Family, see Hereditary
—d. Foul, Syphilis—d.  Fungoid, Encephaloid—.
d. Gastro-enteric,  Gastro-enteritis—d. Hasmato-
cerebriform, Encephaloid—d. Hereditary, see He-
reditary—d.  Pretended,  Feigned disease—d. Si-
mulated, Feigned  disease—d.  Surgical,  External
disease.
  DISEASED, Sick.
  DISKCOIA. Baryecoia.
  DISFIGURATION, Deformation.
  DISGORGEMENT,  (F.) Digorgement, from
de, and gorge, 'the throat'  An  opposite  condi-
tion to that  of Engorgement.   The  discharge or
abstraction of a certain  quantity of fluid, which
had previously collected in  a part;  as Disgorge-
ment of bile.  It also means a vomit.
   DISGUST',  from de,  and  gustare, 'to  taste.'
 Cibi fastid'inm,  Aposilia, Asilia,  Apoclelsis,
Abomina'tio, Siccha'sia,  Horror Cibo'rum,  Loath-
ing.  An aversion for food;  (F.) Digout.  Dis-
gust is not the  same as Anorexia.  The latter is
only a want  of appetite; the former consists in
real repugnance for food.
  DISINFECTANT, Disin fee'tans, from dis, and
inficio, infectum, (in and fiacio,) 'I infect,' (F.)
Disinfectant.  This term has been restricted by
some to  agents  that are capable of neutralizing
morbific  effluvia;  but  the author includes under
it, also, antiseptics or agents that are capable of
removing any  incipient  or  fully formed septic
condition of the  living body, or of any part
of it.
  DISINFECTING LIQUID,  SIR WILLIAM
BURNETT'S, see Burnett's Disinfecting Liquid
—d. Liquid, Labarraque's, Liquor soda? chlori-
nata:—d. Liquid of Ledoyen, see Ledoyen's dis-
infecting liquid.
  DISINFECTION, Disinfiec'tio. Same etymon.
(F.) Disinfection.  The act of destroying  mias-
mata, with  which the air,  clothing, Ac., may be
infected.  Various means have been proposed for
this purpose.  Those  most commonly employed
are : chlorine, sulphurous and chlorohydric aeul
gases, vapours ofi vinegar, nitrous acid, and what
is,  perhaps, the most  manageable of any, aim
equally efficacious, chlorinated lime, or any of the
chlorides of the alkalies.  It is questionable if
any chemical action occur between these agents
and  the  miasmata, whence results a con 
DISJUNCTIMORBI          307            DISTILLATION
which  is harmless.  Disinfection  also  includes
tbe action of antiseptics.
   Chlorine or Oxymurialic Fumigu'tion, Solrl-
tio alexite'ria Gaubiu'na, Fumiga'tio anliloim'-
ica Gatlbii, Alexite'rium chlo'ricum, Fumiga'tio
tjuytonien'sis,  is  made  by adding common salt
5iij, to black oxide of  manganese ^j, sulphuric
'acid ^j, and water fljij.  This may be carried
through an apartment, or be shut up in it.
   Nitrous Ftimiga'tion, Alexite'rium Nitricum,
Fumiga'tio Smythia'na, may be formed by placing
nitrate of potass 5Jiv, and sulphuric acid gij, in a
saucer on hot sand.
   DISJUNCTI MORBI.  (From dis,  and jun-
gere,  junctum,   'to  join.')  Disjoined  diseases.
Fernelius has thus denominated diseases which
occupy different organs, and are not  produced by
 each other.
   DISK, BLOOD, Globule of the blood —d. In-
 tervertebral, Intervertebral Cartilage—d. Prolige-
 rous, see Proligerous Disk.
   DISLOCATIO LIENIS  SEU  SPLENIS,
 Splenectopia.
   DISLOCATION, Luxation.
   DISMAL, Melancholy.
   DISODTCUS,  from   Sis,  'twice,'  and  oSos,
 'threshold.'  Having a double opening.
   DISOMATOUS, see Disomus.
   DISO'MUS, (F.) Disomc, from dis, and ourpa,
 'body.'  A  monster with  two  bodies.  Such a
 monster is said to be disom'atous.
   DISORDER, see Disease.
   DISORDERED, Sick.
   DISORGANIZATION, Organo'rum  destruc-
 tin, (F.) Disorganisation.  A  complete  morbid
 change in the structure  of an organ, or even total
 destruction of  its texture.   In  sphacelus  and
 sloughy ulcers, we have examples of this change.
    DISl'ENSAIRE, Dispensary, Dispensatory.
    DISPEN'SARY, Dispensa'rium, from  dispen-
 dere, (dis, and pendere, pensum, 'to weigh,') 'to
 take from a weight or mass,' 'to distribute.'  The
 shop or place  in which medicines are  prepared.
 Also, an institution in  which  the poor are fur-
 nished with advice and necessary medicines.  (F.)
 Dispensair-e. This word is also used by the French
 synonymously with Dispensatory.
    DISPENSATION,  Dispensa'tio,  Dicece'sis,
 Epineme'sis.   Same  etymon.  The  composition
 and  distribution of medicines  according to  pre-
 scription.   In  France, it is more commonly ap-
 plied  to the weighing, measuring, and arranging
 of the articles which have to enter into a formula,
 prior to combining them.
    DISPENSATOR, Apothecary.
    DISPEN'SATORY,  Dispensato'rium;  same
 etymon. Antidota'rium, Liber Pharmaceulicus,
 (F.) Dispensaire.  A book which  treats of  the
 composition of medicines.  A Dispensatory dif-
 fers from a  Pharmacopoeia, in containing the phy-
 sical and medical history of the various substances;
 whilst the  Pharmacopoeia is mainly restricted to
 tbe mode of preparing them.  The Pharmacopoeia
 too. is published  under the authority of, and by
 tbe members of a college or association ; whilst a
 Dispensatory contains the whole of  the Pharma-
 copoeia or Pharmacopoeias, with additions by the
 author, under whose authority alone it usually
 appears.  The Pharmacopoeia, in other words, is
 officinal;  the Dispensatory,  generally, private.
 Formerly,  the words were used indiscriminately.
 Sec Formulary, and Pharmacopoeia.
    DISPLACED,  see Percolation.
    DISPLACEMENT. Percolation.
    DISPOSITION, Disposif'io, from dis, and po-
 nere,positum,' to put or set.' A particular condition
 of tbe body, which renders it susceptible of alter-
 ing, suddenly, to a state of health or disease ;—
 of improving, or becoming changed fur the worse.
The  disposition  to phthisis  pulmonalis is some-
times so strong, owing to  original conformation,
that the  disease will  make  its appearance,  not-
withstanding every care.  See Diathesis.
  DISPUTATIO, Thesis.
  DISQUE PROL1GERE, Proligerous Disk.
  D1SQUES INTERVERTFBRAUX, Inter-
vertebral cartilages — d.  Sanguins, Globules of
the blood.
  DISRUP'TIO, from disrumpere, (dis, and rum-
pere,) 'to break off.'   A puncture, which interests
deep-seated parts.
  DISSECTING ANEURISM, see Aneurism.
  DISSECTIO, Dissection — d.  Tendinum, Te-
notomy.
  DISSECTION, Dissee'tio, from dissecare, (dis,
and secare, sectum, 'to cut,') 'to cut open ;' Diae'-
ope, Sec'tio Anatom'ica, Practical Anatomy, Ne-
crotomy.  An  operation, by which the different
parts  of the dead body are exposed, for the pur-
pose of studying their arrangement and structure.
Dissection has received various names, according
to the organ concerned ; — as Osteotomy, Syndes-
motomy,  3Iyotomy, Augiotomy,  Neurotomy,  Des-
motomy,  Ac.
   DISSECTOR,  Prosec'tor,  Pro'tomus,  same
etymon,  (F.) Prosecteur.  A practical  anatomist.
One  who prepares the parts  for the anatomical
lecture.
   DISSEPIMENTUM  NARIUM,  Septum  na-
rium—d. Thoracis, Mediastinum.
   DISSEPTUM. Diaphragm.
   DISSERTATION, INAUGURAL, Thesis.
   DISSIDENTIA, Diastasis.
   DISSIPIUM, Diaphragm.
   DISSOLUTIO  SANGUINIS, Hsemateclysis
—d. Ventriculi, Gastrotnalacia.
   DISSOLUTION,  Dissoht'tio, Dialysis,  from
dissolvere, (dis, and solvere, solut urn,) 'to loosen,'
'to  melt.'   This word is  in frequent use, in the
writings of the  humorists.  It is employed, par-
ticularly, in speaking of the blood,—to designate,
 not its entire  decomposition  or putrefaction, but
a diminution in its consistence.
   DISSOLUTION,  Solution.
   DISSOL VANTS, Dissolventia.
   DISSOLVEN'TIA, Solvents, (F.) Dissolvants.
 Same etymon.  Medicines believed to be capable
 of dissolving swellings, concretions, Ac.  Discu-
 tients, Resolvents.
   DISTAD; from disto, (di, and sto,) 'to stand
 apart.'  Away from  a centre.  Towards the far
 extremity.   In  anatomy, used  by  Dr. Barclay
 adverbially, to signify 'towards the distal aspect.'
   DISTAL ASPECT.  An aspect of a bone from
 the trunk, or towards the extremity.—Barclay.
   DISTEMPER, Disease.
   DISTEMPERANTIA, Dyscras
   DISTEMPERED, Sick.
   DISTENSIO, Diatasis, Tension, Tetanus — d.
 Nervorum. Convulsion.
   DISTENTION  DE  LA  VESICULE  DU
 F1EL, Turgescentia vesicae felleae.
   DISTICHI'ASIS, Distich'ia, Districh'ia, Dis-
 trichlasis,  Distoe'chia,  Distcechlasis, from Sis,
 'double,' andori^of,  'a row.'  An increased num-
 ber of eyelashes; some  turned towards the eye,
 and irritating the organ; whilst others preserve
 their natural direction.—Galen, Paulus of ^Egina.
 See Entropion.
   DISTILLA'TI0N,Z>e*rj7/n'f('o,.S'rrr?a?'jHO»1from
 destillare, (de, and stillare,) 'to drop, little by lit-
 tle.' Catastalag'mos.  An operation, by which—by
 the aid of heat and in close vessels—the volatile
 are separated from the fixed parts of bodies, with
 the view  of collecting the  former,  when con-
 densed  in appropriate receivers.  The  ancients
 distinguished distillation  per latus, per ascen'sum,
 and  per descerlsum, according to the direction 
DISTOCIA
308
DIYLISMUS
which the volatilized matters were made to take. II
In  distillation  per latus,  the  apparatus  is  so ij
arranged, that the vapour passes horizontally  ,
through  a succession of spaces before  reaching
the receiver.   Distillation per ascensum  is  the
ordinary method by the still.  In distillation per
descensum, the  fire is applied above and around
the top of the apparatus; and  it is so  arranged
that the  vapour  must pass downwards.  When
dry organic matter is placed in an apparatus for
distillation, and heat  is applied until all volatile
matter is driven out,  the process is called dry or
destructive distillation.
   Distillation, Destructive, see Distillation—
d. Dry, see Distillation — d. Per  Ascensum, see
Distillation—d. Per Descensum, see Distillation—
d. Per Latus, see Distillation.
   DISTOCIA, Ditoc'ia, from Sis, ' twice,'  and
tokos, ' birth.'  Delivery of twins.
   DISTffiCHIA, Distichiasis.
   DISTffiCHIASIS, Distichiasis.
   DIS'TOMA  HBPAT'ICUM, Dis'tomnm hepat'-
icum,  from Sis, and  aropa, ' mouth.'    Fasci'ola
hepat'ica seu hnrna'na seu lanceola'ta, Plana'ria
latius'cula, Gourd-worm,  Fluke,  Liver  Fluke,
(F.) Douve, D. du Foie.   An obovate, flat worm,
an inch  in length, and nearly an  inch  broad;
sometimes  found  in the  gall-bladder of man,
whence  it occasionally passes  into the  intestinal
canal.  It is  one  of  the  most common varieties
of worms, infesting the livers of the sheep, goat,
ox,  stag, fallow-deer, horse, ass,  hog,  hare, Ae.
 The treatment is like that  required  for other
worms.   Distoma seu Distomum  lanceola'tum,
a different species, has been found in the biliary
 ducts of man,—and of different phytivorous mam-
 malia.—Mebliss.
   Distoma Oc'uli   Huma'ni, Dis'tomnm oc'nli
 huma'ni.  A parasite once observed in the eye of
 a child who had suffered from lenticular cataract.
 —Gescheidt.
   DISTOMUM HAEMATOBIUM, see  Worms —
 d. Hepaticum, Distoma hepaticum.
   DISTORSIO,  Distortion,  Sprain, Strabismus
 —d. Oris, Canine laugh.
   DISTORTION, Distor'sio, Intor'sio, from dis-
 torquere, (dis, and  torquere,  tortum.,)  'to wrest
 aside.'  Diastrem'ma, Dias'trophe, Ligys'ma, (F.)
 Distorsion.  Usually applied to the preternatural
 curvature of a bone;  as  distortion of the spine,
 limbs, Ac.  It signifies, also,  a  morbid state of
 the muscles of the eye, constituting  squinting or
 strabismus.
   DISTORTOR ORIS, Zygomaticus major.
   DISTRIBUTORS LACTEA THORACICA,
 Thoracic duct.
   DISTRICHIA, Distichiasis.
   DISTRICHIASIS, Distichiasis.
   DISTRIX, from  Sis, 'double,' and  V£, 'the
 hair.'   Trichio'sis distrix, Fissu'ra  capillo'rum.
 Hairs of the scalp, weak, slender, and splitting at
 their extremities.
    DITOCIA. Distocia.
    DITRACHYCERAS,  from Sis, 'two,' rpaXvs,
 •rough,' and Ktpas, 'horn.'  A genus of intestinal
 worms. _The Ditrachyc' eras ruclis, Die'eras rudis,
 (F.) Bicorne  rude.  This  fancied entozoon was
 first observed in  the evacuations of a female, by
 M. Sultzer, of Strasburg.  It is of a fawn colour,
 from 3  to 5 lines in length, with an  oval  head,
 flattened and terminating in a point posteriorly ;
 contained in  a  membranous  sac, and furnished
 anteriorly, with a bifurcated, rugous  horn.  Laen-
 nec considers it a vesicular worm or hydatid. Ac-
 cording to Von Siebold, there is no  such  ento-
  zoon.    The undigested  seed  of the  mulberry,
  which had been eaten, was mistaken for it.
    DITTANDER, Lepidium sativum.
    DITTANY, Cunila  Mariana—d.  American,
Cunila Mariana—d. Bastard, Dictamnus albus—
d. of Crete, Origanum dictamnus — d. Mountain,
Cunila Mariana.
  DITTECOTA, Double hearing.
  DITTOPIA, Diplopia.
  DITTOPSIA, Diplopia.
  DIURESIiESTII E'SIS, Diureticoasthe'sis,
Uresiasthe'sis; from Stovpetv, 'to pass the urine,'
and  aioOnois,  'feeling.'   The desire  or want to
pass the urine.
  DIURE'SIS, Diurism,  from  Sia, 'through or
by,' and ovptur,  'I pass the  urine.'   (F.) Di urine.
An abundant excretion of urine.
  DIURET'IC,  Diuret'icns,  Ischuret'ic,  same
etymon;  Urelicus, Urina'lis.  (F.) Diuritiqne.
A medicine which has the property of increasing
the secretion of urine.  Diuretics act by produc-
ing a  discharge  of the watery and other  parts
of the blood ;  and, by such discharge, indirectly
promote absorption over the whole system. Hence,
they are employed  in dropsy.   The following are
the chief  Diuretics: — Cantharis;  Cantharis Vit-
tata; Potassae Acetas; Potassae Liquor; Cahinca;
Colchici Radix; Colchici Semen ; Digitalis; Dios-
ma Crenata;  Juniperus;  Oleum  Terebinthinae;
Potassae Nitras;  Potassae Bitartras; Scilla; Sodas
Sales, and Spiritus iEtheris Nitrici.
   DIURETICA, Arnica Montana.
   DIURETICO-jESTHESIS, Diuresiaesthesis.
   DIUIITSM,  Diuresis.
   DIVARICATIO, Ectropion.
   DIVERSORIUM CHYLLReceptaculum chyli.
   DIVERTICULA  SPIRITUUM  ANLMA-
LIUM, Ganglions, nervous.
   DIVERTICULUM, Devertic'ulum.  (F.) Di-
verticule.   'A turning;' from divertere, (di, and
vertere,) 'to  turn aside.'   A  blind tube branch-
ing out of the course of a longer one.   An organ
which is  capable  of receiving an unusual quan-
tity of blood, when the circulation is  obstructed
or modified elsewhere, is  said to act as a diverti-
 culum,  Also,  a malformation or diseased appear-
 ance of a part, in which it passes out of its regu-
 lar course.  It is sometimes  applied to such a
 condition of  the alimentary canal.  Also, a hole
 to get out at.  A by-passage.   See Ectrope.
   Diverticulum  Nuc'kii.  The opening through
 which the round ligaments of the uterus pass.—
 Parr.
   Diverticulum Pharyngis, Pharyngocele.
   DIVI'DING, Div'idens, from dividere, divisnm,
 (di or dis, and the Hetruscan verb iduo, 'to part
 or portion.')  (F.) Divisif.   That which divides
 or separates.
   Dividing   Bandage,  Fas'cia  div'idens, (F.)
 Bandage divisif, is a bandage employed for the
 purpose  of  keeping parts  separated from each
 other. It is used particularly to prevent improper
 union; as in cases of burns of the neck or other
 parts.
   DIVINATIO, Mantia.
   DIVISIF,  Dividing.
   DIVISION, Divis'io, Dia'resis. Same etymon.
 The  accidental  separation  of  parts naturally
 united;  in other  words, a wound or  solution of
 continuity.   Most frequently, however, it means
 an operation, which  consists in cutting certain
 parts, with the view of fulfilling some therapeu-
  tical indication.
    DIVUL'SIO,  Dias'pasis, from direllere, (dis,
  and vellere,  vulsum,) ' to  pull  asunder.'  A term
  used in  Surgery, to express the rupture or lacera-
  tion of organs by external violence.
    Divulsio Urinjs, Cloudiness of urine. —See
  Enaeorema.
    DIXON'S  ANTIBILIOUS PILLS,  Pilula
  antibiliosae.
    DIYLISTS. Colatio.
    DIYLISMUS,  Colatio. 
DIZZINESS               30
  DIZZINESS, Vertigo.
  DIZZY, Vertiginous.
  DOCCIONE, MINERAL WATERS OF.  This
spring is at Lucca, in Italy.   It is thermal saline.
  DOCII'ME, So%ixV.  A measure of the Greeks,
equal to  about four fingers' breadth: Dactylo-
doch'me.
  DOCIMA'SIA,  Docimat'tice, Docimasiolog"ia,  \
from SoKtpafa, ' I try or prove the quality of any
thing.'  The act of assaying.
  Docima'sia  Medicamento'rum  et Veneno'-
rijm.  The testing of medicines and poisons.
  Docima'sia  Pulmo'num,  D. Pulmona'lis, Pne-
obiointtnt'la, Pneuobiornantla, Pneobiomarltica.
Lttnq proof, Respiration proof. 'Different proofs
to which  the organs of respiration of a new-born
child are subjected,  for the purpose of detecting
whether it has or has  not respired after birth ; in
 other words, whether  it was born alive or dead;
 — Pneusiobiogno'sis,  Pneusiobios'cope.   These
 consist, chiefly, 1. In testing them with water,
 for the purpose of seeing whether the lungs are
 specifically heavier or  lighter than  that  fluid.
 This is called Docima'sia Pulmo'num hydrostalica
 or the Hydrostatic Test.  If lighter, it would be
 Borne evidence that the  foetus  had respired :  2.
 In comparing the weight of the lungs with that
  of the whole body;  the  weight of lungs in which
 respiration has taken  place being nearly twice  as
 great.  This is Docima'sia Pulmo'num Stat'ica,
 or Ploucquet's Test; and, 3. By measuring the
 circumference of the thorax and  lungs ; and com-
 paring their dimensions with those of an infant
  which has not respired.   That is Daniel's Test.
  These tests, singly,  afford  only  probable evi-
  dence; but when united, the deductions may  be
  more conclusive.
    DOCIMASIOLOGIA, Docimasia.
    DOCK, Rumex—d. Bitter, Rumex obtusifolius
  — d.  Bloody,  Rumex sanguineus — d.  Bloody-
  veined,  Rumex  sanguineus — d.  Blunt-leaved,
  Kumex obtusifolius.
    Dock Cresses, Lapsana.
    Dock, Curled, Rumex crispus—d. Sour,Rumex
  acetosus, R. crispus—d. Sour, boreal, Oxyria reni-
  foriuis — d. Spatter, Nuphar advena — d. Water,
  Huinex  hydrolapathum—d. Wild, sharp-pointed,
  ltuuiex acutus—d.  Yellow, Rumex crispus.
    DOCKEN, Rumex.
    DOCNA SURA, MINERAL WATERS OF.
  This spring is in the Krapach mountains.  The
  water contains  sulphate  of soda,  carbonate  of
  soda, chloride of sodium, carbonate of lime, silica,
  and iron.
    DOCTEUR, Doctor, Physician.
    DOCTOR,  3Ied'icus,  from doctus,  'learned;'
  ' tin homme qui derrait itre docte.'  A Physician.
  (Sc.) Medcinare, Madicinar.  (F.)  Docteur, 31i-
  ilecin.   Frequently applied to anyone who prac-
  tises medicine ; although properly confined to him
  who has received his degree of Doctor of Medi-
  cine.  See Physician.
    To Doctor is  sometimes used, vulgarly, for to
  '' treat with drugs."
    DOCTORS' STUFF, see Medicament.
    DOCTRINA GALLIANA, Craniology—d. So-
  teria, Medicina.
    DOCTRINE  HOMCEO-ORGANIQUE, Ho-
  moeopathy.
    DOCTRINE,  MED'ICAL, Doctri'na STed'ica.
  The principles  or  positions of any medical sect
  or master.  Medicine has been too  full  of doc-
  trines.  One  of  the  first  was that of Herodicus
  of Selivraja, who recommended gymnastic exer-
  cises in disease.  The chief founders of doctrines
  have been Hippocrates, Serapion of Alexandria,
  Philinus  of Cos, Herophilus, Asclepiades,  The-
  mison of Laodicea, Thessalus of Tralles, Soranus
  of Ephesus, Leonides of  Alexandria, AthenaBus
9                 DOIGT
of Attalia, Archigenes of Apamaea, Agathinus of
Sparta,  Galenus,  Paracelsus, John Baptist van
Helmont,  Sylvius de  le Boe, Keill, Hamberger,
Pitcairne, H. Boerhaave, J. D. Stahl, Frederick
Hoffmann, George Baglivi, Cullen,  Darwin, John
Brown,  Beddoes,  Girtanner, Reil,  Rush, Rasori,
and Broussais.
  Doctrine, Physiological, Broussaism.
  DODDER, Cuscuta glomerata—d. American,
Cuscuta glomerata—d. of Thyme, Cuscuta epi-
thymum.
  DODECADACTYLITIS,  Duodenitis.
  DODECADACTYLON, Duodenum.
  DODECAPHAR'MACUM,  from SurScKa,
'twelve,' and tfrappaxov, 'a medicine.'  An ancient
name given to all medicines which consisted of
twelve ingredients. See Apostolorum Unguentum.
  DODECATH'EON, from  SwSeKa, 'twelve,' and
riSnpi, 'I put.'   An antidote, consisting of twelve
simple substances.—Paulus  of jEgina.
  Dodecatheon, Sanicula—d. Plinii, Pinguicola
vulgaris.
  DODON.EA, Myrica gale.
  Dodon>e'a  Thunbergia'na.  A shrub of the
 Nat. Ord. Sapindaceas, which grows at the Cape
 of Good  Hope.  A decoction of the root is used
 as a gentle  cathartic in fever.
   DODRANS, Spithama.
   DOGCHOAK, Cynanche.
   DOGDAYS, (F.) Jours Caniculaires.  During
 these days, comprised between the 24th of July
 and  tho  23d of August, the temperature  of the
 air in Europe  is generally  high and  oppressive.
 They have  received  this name from the dogstar,
 Canic'ula, "Zetptos, Si'rius — a  very brilliant star
 in  the  constellation of the great dog, which rises
 and  sets, at this time, with the sun.  It was for-
 merly believed to be  a period particularly unpro-
 pitious to health ; that it was dangerous to purge
 during it; and other  phantasies were indulged in
 regard to it.
   DOGGRASS,  Triticum repens.
   DOGHIP, see Rosa canina.
   DOGMAT'IC, from the Greek Soypa, Soyparos,
 from Soktio, 'I  think.' Dogmalicus, (F.) Dogma-
 tique.  The name of an ancient medical sect; so
 called, because its members endeavoured, by rea-
 soning, to  discover the essence of diseases and
 their occult causes; whilst the Empirics, their
 rivals,  confined themselves  strictly to experience;
 i. e., to the observation of  facts.  The union  of
 the two modes of investigation  makes the rational
 physician.  These sectarians are  likewise called
 Dog'matists, and their doctrine Dog'matism. The
 founders of the sect were Hippocrates, Thessalus,
 Draco, and Polybius; and the most celebrated
 of its supporters were Diocles of Carysta, Praxa-
 goras  of Cos, Chrysippus  of Soli, Herophilus,
 Erasistratus, Ac.
   DOGS' BANE, Apocynum androsasmifolium—
 d.  Bane, bitter, Apocynum  androsaemifolium.
   DOGS' GRASS, Triticum repens.
   DOGS' STONES,  Orchis mascula.
   DOGSTAR, Canicula.
   DOGTREE, Cornus Florida.
   DOGWOOD, Cornus Florida —d. Blueberried,
 Cornus sericea — d. Female, Cornus sericea — d.
 Florid, Cornus Florida—d. Great flowered,  Cornus
 Florida—d. Jamaica, Piscidia erythrina—d. New
 England, Cornus sericea — d. Panicled,  Cornus
 paniculata — d. Pond,  Cephalanthus occidentalis
 —d. Silky-leaved, Cornus  sericea—d. Virginian,
 male, Cornus Florida — d. Round-leaved,  Cornus
 circinata—d. Striped, Acer Pennsylvanicutn—d.
 Swamp,  Cornus  sericea,   Ptelea  trifoliata—d.
 White, Cornus paniculata.
   DOIGT,  Digitus — d. Auriculaire,  Auricular
 finger — d. 3Iilieu, see Digitus — d. Petit,  see Di-
 gitus—d. Surnumiraire, Digitus supernumerarius. 
DOIGTIER
310
DORSUM
  DOIGTIER, Digitale, Digitalis — d. d'Asdru-
bali, see Digitale.   „
  DOIGTS PAL3IES, Dactylion.
  DOITTRIE. see Dementia.
  DOKE. Contusion.
  DOLABRA. Aseia,  Doloire.
  DOLIC, Dolichos.
  DOLICIIOCEPH'AL^! (GENTES); from So-
Xtxos, 'long,'and KtipaXn, 'head.'   'Longheads.'
Nations of men whose cerebral lobes completely
cover the  cerebellum — as the Kelts, Germans,
negroes, Ac.   Retzius.
  DOLICHOCEPHA'LIA; same etymon.  Mon-
strosity, in which the head is abnormously long.
  DOLTCHOS, from  SoXixos,  'long.'  A  genus
of plants  of the leguminous family, (F.)  Dolic,
Doliqne.  It includes a number of species, gene-
rail}- indigenous in  India or America.  The Dol-
ichos Lablab,   or Lablab, is  found  in  Egypt.
(Prospero  Alpini.)  Its  fruit is eaten  there, like
the  haricot with us.   The Dolichos Sineilsis,  is
eaten in China, and is stored up as a provision
for long voyages.   The Dolichos Tubero'stts, (F.)
Pois Patate of Martinique, has tuberous roots of
the size of both fists, and has the consistence and
taste of the turnip.  The Dolichos Bulbo'sus of
the West Indies resembles the turnip;—and from
the seeds of the Dolichos Sofa, the Japanese pre-
pare the well-known sauce Soy, which they term
Sooja.  The most important in medicine is the
   Dol'ichoS  Pru'riens, Dolichos,  Stizolo'binm,
Jlueu'na pru'riens,  Negre'tia pru'riens, Cowhage,
 Cowitch,  Adsaria  Pala.  Order,  Leguminosae.
(F.) Pois el gratter:  The stiff hairs of the Doli-
chos Pods, called Dolichos Pubes, D.  Prurierltis
pubes, Doh'ehi Seta Legilminnm, Lanu'go Sili-
qua hirsu'ta, Mncu'na (Ph. U. S.), are the parts
used in  medicine.  They excite an intolerable,
prurient sensation,  when applied  to the skin ; but
do not irritate the mucous membrane  over which
they pass, when  administered internally. The
Dolichos  is a mechanical  anthelmintic,  and  is
useful in  cases of ascarides lumbricoides,  and
oxyures vermiculares.   Dose, gr. v to x, of the
pubes, in molasses.
   Mucu'na prurlta, a distinct species,  but pos-
sessing similar properties, grows in  the East
 Indies.
   DOLTQUE, Dolichos.
   DOLOIRE (F.), As'cia, Dola'bra,  'a carpen-
 ter's axe.'  A Bandage en doloire. is one in which
 the turns are  so placed, that each one covers two-
 thirds of that which  is immediately  beneath  it.
 It has received the name Doloire from its repre-
 senting the obliquity of the edge of the instrument
 whose name it bears.   See Bandage.
   DOLOR, Pain—d.  Ani, Proctalgia—d. Capitis,
 Cephalalgia—d. Cephalicus,  Cephalalgia—d. Co-
 licus, Colic—d. Crucians faciei. Neuralgia, facial
 —d. Dentium, Odontalgia—d. Dentium 3, stridore,
 Hfemodia—-d. Faciei,  Neuralgia,  facial—d. Ischi-
 adicus nervosus. Neuralgia  femoro-poplitasa — d.
 Lenis, Hypodynia—d. Mitis, Hypodynia—d. Ne-
 phreticus, Nephralgia—d. Pectoris externus, Pleu-
 rodynia—d. Pudendorum, Pudendagra—d. Rheu-
 maticus et arthriticus, Rheumatism.
   DOLORES  AD  PARTUM, Pains, labour—d.
 Intestinorum, Colio — d. Parturientis, Pains, la-
 bour—d.  Post partum, Pains, after—d. Puerpera-
rum, Pains, after—d. Rodentes,  Pains, gnawing.
   DOLP.  Nates.
   DOMBEY'A EXCEL'SA,  Arauca'ria Dom-
 bey'i.   A tree of Chili, which furnishes  Dombeya
turpentine ; a glutinous, milky-looking fluid of a
strong odour and taste.
   DOMES'TIC, Domes'ticus,  from  damns,  'a
house.'  The  term Domestic  or Pop'nlar 3led'i-
cine, has  been given  to treatises written  for the
purpose of enabling those who are not of the pro-
fession to treat diseases, which may occur in their
families,  without the  necessity of calling in a
physician.  The term, likewise, signifies—Medi-
cine, when thus practised.  It is  probable,  that
such works have been attended with misohievous
as well as advantageous results.
  DOMINA'RUM AQUA. A medicine described
by Myrepsus, which he considered emmen.igogue,
  DOMPTE-VENIN,  Asclepias vincetoxicum.
  DOM US LEPROSARIA, Ladrerie.
  DONDO, Albino.
  DONESIS, Agitation.
  DOORWEED, Polygonum.
  DORADILLA, Asplenium ceterach.
  DORCADIZON, Caprizans.
  DOREA, Heineralops.
  DOREMA AMMONIACUM, see  Ammoniac,
Gum.
  DORMITATIO, Somnolency.
  DORMITIO, Sleep — d. Lucumoriana, see Lu-
cumorianus.
  DOR 0NIC, Doronicum pardalianches — d,
d'Allemagne,  Arnica montana.
  DORONICUM ARNICA, Arnica montana—d.
Cordatum, D.  Pardalianches — d.  Gernianicutn,
Arnica montana—d.  Officinale, D. Pardalianches
—d. Oppositifolium, Arnica montana.
  Doron'icum  Pardalian'cuks,  D. Roma'num
seu Corda'tum  seu Ofiieina'le, Roman Leap'aril's
Bane, (F.) Doronic,  Doronique, 3Iort aux Pau-
thh-es.  The  root of this  plant resembles Arnica
3Iontana in its properties.
   Doronicum Plantaginis Folio, Arnica mon-
tana—d. Romanum, D. Pardalianches.
   DORSAD, see Dorsal Aspect.
  DORSAL, Dorsa'lis, from dorsum,  'the back,'
Notr'a'us, Notal, Tergal.   Relating to  the back
of the body, or of one of  its parts; as the Dorsal
vertebra, nerves, Ac.; Dorsal artery of the tongue,
penis, Ac; Dorsal region of the foot, hand,  Ac.;
Dorsal Consumption,  Ac.
   Dorsal Aspect.   An  aspect towards tbe dor-
sum or backbone. — Barclay.  Dorsad is used by
the same writer adverbially, to  signify ' towards
the dorsal aspect.'
   DORSAL, LONG, Longissimus dorsi.
   DORSALIS,  Dorsal.
   Dorsa'lis Penis,  (Nervus.)   The branch of
the internal  pudic nerve, which is distributed to
the upper part of the  male organ;  and to  the
clitoris of  the female.
   DORSCH, see Oleum jecoris aselli.
   DORSE, see Oleum jecoris aselli.
   DORSO-COSTAL, Serratus  posticus superior
—d.  Lombo-costal, Serratus posticus  inferior—tl,
Lombo-sacro-humiral, Latissimus  dorsi — d. Sim-
acromien, Trapezius—d.Trachilon-occipital, Com-
plexus.
   DORSTENIA BRASILIENSIS, Caa-apia.
   Dorstenia  Contrayer'va,  called  after  Dr.
Dorsten; D. Housto'nii,  Contrayer'va, Drake'na,
 Cype'rus longus odo'rus  seu Perua'nns, Bezoar'-
dica  Radix, Lisbon Contrayer'va, (F.) Racine de
 Charcis ou de Draclce ou  des Philippines. Order,
 Urticeae.   Sex.  Syst. Tetandria Monogynia.  A
plant of South America, whose root, Contrayer'ru
(Ph. U. S.),  is  aromatic, bitter, and astringent.
It has been given as  a  tonic, stimulant and sudo-
rific.  Dose, gr. xij to gss.
   Dorstenia  Cordifolia,  D. Brasiliensis —d.
Placentoides, D. Brasiliensis—d. Vitella, D. Bra-
siliensis.
   DORSUM, Notos, Noton.  The back.  MelapV-
renon, Tergum,  (Prov.) Rig, (F.) Dos.  The pos-
terior part of the trunk, extending from the infe-
rior and posterior region  of the  neck as far as the
loins.  The back of the. foot, Dorsum pedis, is the
upper part of that organ, opposite the sole: the 
DORYCIMUM
311
DRACONTIUM
lack of the hand,  Dorsum  mantis, the part op-
posed to the  palm.  In the same sense, we say
Dorsum penis, Dorsum nasi, for the upper part of
those organs.
  Dorsum, Vertebral  column — d. Ephippii, see
Sella turcica—d. Mantis, Opisthenar.
  DORYCIMUM,  Costus creticus.
  DOS, Dorsum.
  DOSAGE, Posology.
  DOSE, Dosis, Pra'bium.   The  quantity of any
substance, which ought to form  part of a com-
pound medicine, or ought to be exhibited  singly,
to produce a  desired effect.   Many circumstances
influence the  doses of medicine.  Women require
smaller doses, as a general  principle, than men.
Habit has a  great effect, as well  as climate, age,
and idiosyncrasy: all these, and other  circum-
stances, must be taken  into account; and every
 general rule  on the subject will be found to have
 numerous exceptions.   Some of  the mechanical
 physicians laid it down as  a rule, that the doses
 of  medicines must always be as the square of the
 constitution!—A matter not easy  of calculation.
   The following Tables will exhibit an approxi-
 mation to the proper doses  (according to age)  of
 most substances.

       Table of Doses according to Age.
1	1 drachm.
2-8ds.	2 scruples.
half.	\ drachm.
l-3d.	1 scruple.
1-4 th.	15 grains.
l-6th.	10 grains.
l-8th.	8 grains.
l-12th.	5 grains.
  The table of doses, according  to age, recom-
mended by  Dr. Thomas Young, differs in some
respects from  the above.  Either affords a suffi-
cient general approximation.   His rule is,  that
  For children,  under twelve years of age,  the
duxes of most  medicines  must be diminished in
the proportion of the age  to the age increased by
twelve:
                                        2
Thus, at two years, to l-7th; i. e., l-7th =-------■
                                      2 + 12
  At twenty-one the full dose is given.

  Doses, Broken.   When an agent is given in
Email portions it is  said to be in broken doses,—
refract is dosibus.
  D0SI0L0GIA, Posology.
  DOSIS, Dose.
  DOSSIL, Bourdonnet.
  DOTAGE, Dementia.
  DOTHIEN, Furunculus.
  DOTHIENENTERIA,  Dothinenteritis.
  DOTlllENKNTERIE, Dothinenteritis.
  D0T11INENTERIA, Dothinenteritis.
 JiOTHINENTERI'TIS. properly Dothienente-
ri'tis, Dothienenter'ia, Dothinenter'ia,  Enteritis
pnstulo'sa, Enterodothie'nia, Helcenteri'tis, Fol-
lic'nlar Gastroenteritis, from SoS-inv,  ' a pustule,'
and cvrepov, 'intestine.'  (F.) Dothinentirite, Do-
thiiientirie,Dothiinentirie,Dothiinentirite.  An in-
flammation  and  ulceration of  the glands or folli-
cles  of Peycr and  Brunner, which  Bretonneau
considers  to be  the essence of a large class of
fevers, particularly of those  of the typhoid cha-
racter.  See Typhus.
  DOTHION, Furunculus.
  DOTTRIXA MEDICA ITALIANA, Contro-
Btiinulus, (doctrine of.)
  DOUBLE, Ingluvies.
  DOUBLE-CONSCIOUSNESS, see  Conscious-
ness, double.
  DOUBLE-HEARING,  Dipleco'ia,  Ditteco'ia,
Paracilsis duplica'ta seu imperfecta.  The  ac-
tion of tbe one ear unaccordant with  that of  the
other: sounds heard doubly, and in different tones
or keys.
  DOUBLE-MONSTERS, see Duplication.
  DOUBLE-QUARTE, see  Quartan.
  DOUBLE-QUOTIDIENNE, see Quotidian.
  DOUBLE-TIERCE, see Tertian.
  DOUCE-A3IERE, Solanum dulcamara.
  DOUCHE (F.).  In Italian, doccia:  modern
Latin,  ducia;  Cataclys'mus,  Douse.  This term
is applied to a column of fluid, of  a determi-
nate  nature  and  temperature, let  fall  upon
the body.   Pumping is a variety of the  Douche.
In using this kind of bath, the fluid  is  directed
upon the part on which we are desirous of acting.
The douches descendantes  are those in which the
fluid falls  from a  height,—the douches ascendart-
tes, those  administered in diseases of  the uterus,
—the douches horizontals, where the  fluid is  im-
pelled  horizontally,  Ac.  They may  be cold or
warm,  according  to  circumstances.  The  appa-
ratus consists  of  a reservoir of water having a
pipe or plug, by means of which the water can be
directed   as  the practitioner may desire.   Tbe
Douche communicates a considerable and  peculiar
shock  to  the  nervous system; and is one of the
most successful means  for  taming  the furious
maniac.  It is, also, useful in  chronic rheumatism,
stiff joints, Ac.
   Douches of air  are, also, occasionally  used, as
in cases of obstruction of the  Eustachian  tube by
mucus.  They are sent from  an air-press — of
which  Deleau  and Kramer  have invented  one
each—through a catheter introduced through the
nose into  the tube. -
   DOULEUR, Pain—d.  de  C6ti, Pleurodynia—
d. des Dents, Odontalgia—d. de lEstomac, Cardial-
gia—d. Nivralgique de I'Estomac, Cardialgia—d.
Pulsative, see Throbbing.
   DOULEURS, Pains, labour—d. Conquassantes,
see Conquassant.
   DOUNT, Palpitation.
   DOUP, Nates.
   DOUSE, Douche.
   DOUVE, Distoma hepaticum — d. du Foie,
Distoma hepaticum—d. Petite, Ranunculus flam-
in ul a.
   DOWN, see Attack.
   DOWP, Nates.
   DOYLE, Strabismus.
   DRACHION, Pugillus.
   DRACHM, Drachma., Dram, (F.)  Gros.   The
ancient name of a piece of money, weighing the
eighth part of an ounce.  At the present day it
is used for this weight.
   DRACO  MITIGATUS, Hydrargyri submurias
—d. Sylvestris, Achillea ptarmica.
   DRACOCEPH'ALUM CANARIEN'SE,
D. 31oldav'icum,  from Spaxiov,  'a dragon,'  and
KetpaXn, ' head,' from the shape  of  the corolla,
3lelis'sa  Tur'cica  seu Canarien'sis,  Cedronel'ln
triphyl'la, Alpini Bal'samum, Turkey or Cana'rij
Balsam, Balm of Gilead Tree, (F.) 31ilisse de
31oldavie.  Ord. Labiatse.  A  Turkish and Sibe-
rian plant, which has  an aromatic taste, joined
with an agreeable flavour.  It has been used as a
tonic.
   DRACONTHjEMA, see Calamus rotang.
   DRACONTIUM, Dracunculus. See, also, Dra-
contium fcetidum.
   Dracon'tium Fce'tidum,  Dracon'tium,  from
SpaKurv, 'a  dragon,' whose tail  the roots resem-
ble, Icto'des fioe'tidtts,  Symplocar-'pus  ft'tidu,
Pothoa foe'tida seu Puto'rii, Arum America'num 
DRACUNCULUS             312                  DRINK
beta fo'lio,  Spathye'ma fe'tida,  Skunk-cabbage,
Skitnk-tceed, Polecat-col lard, Cow-coll ard,  Col-
lard, Itch-weed, Stink-poke, Swamp-cabbage,Pole'-
cat-weed,  Hellebore,  Ellebore,  Irish cabbage.
Ord. Aroideae or Araceae.  Sex. Syst.  Tetrandria
Monogynia.  This indigenous plant, as some of
its  names import, is extremely  fetid.  The pro-
perty on which  its medical virtues are dependent,
resides in a volatile  principle, which  is impaired
by  long keeping, especially in powder.  Dose, of
the dried root,  Dracontium,  (Ph. U. S.,) ten to
twenty grains.   It resembles  asafoetida   and
other fetid gums in its properties ; in other words,
belongs to the class  of reputed antispasmodics.
   Dracontilm  Angustis'patiia, Symplocar'pus
Angustis'patha, Narrow-spathed Skunk-cabbage,
is possessed of similar properties.
   DRACUN'CULUS, diminutive  of SpaKwv, 'a
dragon or  serpent,' D.  Gor'dius,  Dracon'tium,
 Vena  3Iedlna Ar'abum, Vena seu Gor'dius 31edi-
■nen'sis, Medinogor'dius,  Vermic'ulus Capilla'ris,
Pila'ria 3Iedinerlsis seu  Guineerlsis, 3Ialis Dra-
can'cuius seu Gor'dii, Helminthon'cus 3Iedinensis,
Muscular  Hairworm,  Bichios,  Bicho,  Guinea
 Worm or  Threadworm, (F.) Dragonneau, Ver de
 Gninee, Ver Filaire, V.  de 3Iidine, V. cutani,
  Veine  ou Filaire de 3T.idine.  A genus of worms,
 frequently met with in Indian and African climes.
 They are  characterized by a filiform body, and
 are smooth and nearly of equal thickness through-
 out.  The  Guinea worm, when  small, insinuates
 itself through  the  cutaneous pores, and  pene-
 trates into the areolar membrane and between the
 muscles; especially  between those of the  lower
 limbs, where it occasions a tumour like a boil,
 which subsequently suppurates,  and  the head of
 the worm appears and emerges  gradually.  The
 head  must then be seized, and the worm  be cau-
 tiously rolled round a small cylinder of linen or
 other  substance.  Care  must  be  taken not to
 break it, as great pain  and obstinate suppuration
 might be the consequence.
    Considerable  obscurity rests  on this  subject.
  Some  even deny that  the cases of Dracunculus,
 on record,  are really those of worms.
    Dracunculus Polyphyllus, Arum dracuncu-
 lus—d. Pratensis, Achillea ptarmica.
    DRAGEES, (F.) Almonds or dried preserves,
  covered with white sugar; Sugar-plums.
    DRAGEES DE KEYSER.  A pharmaceuti-
  cal  preparation, formerly  much   celebrated in
  syphilis.   It was composed of acetate of mercury,
  manna, starch,  mucilage and gum tragacanth.
    DRAGMA, Pugillus.
    DRAGMIS, Pugillus.
    DRAGON (F.),  Dragon.   Some authors have
  given this name to opake spots on  the cornea,
  and to cataract.
    Dragon Claw, Scaly, Pterospora andromedea
  — d. Green, Arum  dracontium — d. Root,  Arum
  triphyllum, Pterospora andromedea—d. Turnip,
  Arum triphyllum.
    DRAGON'S BLOOD, see Calamus rotang.
    DRAGONNEAU, Dracunculus.
    DRAINING,  Desicca'tio, (F.)  Dessichement.
  The act  of drawing off  the water from marshes,
  for the purpose of destroying the unhealthy ema-
  nations which  proceed from them.   It is  a well
  known fact, that from marshes arise certain ema-
  nations or miasmata,  with  the  nature of which
  we are, however, totally  unacquainted, but which
  are the fertile source of intermittents and other
  diseases.   Draining the soil and converting  it
  into  arable land changes its character, and the
  malaria ceases to be given off.   It has happened,
  however, that  although  in  some such situations
  intermittents have  been  got rid of, consumptions
  bare taken their place.
  DRAITSCH  WATER,  Godesberg,  mineral
waters of.
  DRAKENA, Dorstenia contrayerva.
  DRAM,  Melancholic.
  DRAPE A U (F.), Vexillum, from drop,' cloth.'
A  bandage, used in wounds, Ac, of the nose, to
keep the dressings i'» situ.  It  is composed of a
small triangular  compress, having  two openings
at its inferior part, corresponding to those of tbe
nostrils.  It is  fixed  by means of a  bandago,
passing from its superior angle over the  head,
and  another passing  round the head, under the
orbits, so as to join the  first at the nape of the
neck.  Also, Pterygion.
  DRAP FANON, see  Fanon.
  DRASTIC, Dras'ticus, Cenolic, (F.) Drastiqrte,
from Spaur, 'I operate  strongly.'   Active.  An
epithet given to purgatives, which operate power-
fully ; as elaterium, oil of croton, Ac.
   DRAUGHT,  Haustus.  A term  also applied,
by nurses,  to the sudden rush of blood to the
mammae, occasioned in the  mother by the  sight,
or even  thought, of her infant, and which occa-
sions a greatly-increased secretion of milk.
   Draught, Black,  see Infusum sennaa compo-
situm.
   DRAWING, see Digestives.
   DRAX,  Pugillus.
   DREAM, Somnium—d. Waking, Hallucination.
   DRECHE, Malt,
   DREGISTER, Druggist.
   DREGS, Feculence.
   DRENCH, (Sax. tspencean, 'to  soak.')  To
give liquid physic by force.  A liquid  medicine,
given by violence, is  called "a drench."
   DREPANOIDES, Falciform.
   DRESS, Vestitus.
   DRESSER, from (F.) dresser, 'to  put right.'
 An hospital assistant, whose office  it is to dress
 wounds, ulcers, Ac.  He corresponds in function
 to the Elive externe of the French  hospitals.
   DRESSING,  Cura, Cura'tio, (F.) Pansemcnt.
 Same etymon.   The  methodical application  of
 any  remedy  or  apparatus to  a  diseased  part
 Also, the remedy or apparatus itself.
   DRIBURG, MINERAL  WATERS  OF.   At
 the small  town of  Driburg,  near Pyrmont, in
 Germany,  there are nine springs, which are rich
 in saline ingredients, iron, and carbonic acid gas.
 Their action on the ecomony is like that of Pyr-
 mont water.  They  contain chloride  of sodium,
 sulphate of magnesia, sulphate of lime, carbonate
 of lime, carbonate of magnesia, carbonate of iron,
 chloride of calcium, and chloride of magnesium.
   DRIMYPHA'GIA, from Sptpvs, 'acrid,'  'aro-
 matic,' and tpayta, 'I eat.'  An aromatic and ex-
 citing diet.
   DRIMYS WINTERI, Wintera  aromatica.
   DRINK,fromSax.t)jiencan,Poma,Po'ii'o,Por"»,
 Bev'erage, (F.) Boisson.  Every liquid introduced
 into the alimentary canal for  the  purpose of re-
 pairing the loss of the  fluid  parts of the body.
 The necessity for its use is indicated by the sen-
 sation of thirst.  Fluid, taken during a meal, aids
 in the digestion of  the food.  Some drinks  are
 exciting and tonic,  as  the different varieties of
 beer, wine, and spirits, which we use at  table.
 In a therapeutical point of view, drinks are used
 to appease the  thirst which  prevails in  febrile
 affections, or to act as diluents in those and other
 cases.
   The ordinary drinks, according  to their chemi-
 cal  composition, are — 1.  Water,  spring water,
 river water, well water, Ac.—2. Juices and infu-
 sions of Animal and Vegetable substances, lemon
 juice, currant juice,  whey, tea, coffee, mattee, Ac.
 — 3. Fermented Liquors, wines, ale, beer, cider,
 perry. — 4. Spirituous  Liquors, brandy, alcohol, 
DRIVELLING              31
ether, kirschwasser, rum,  arack, gin, whisky, j
ratufi.is, cordials, Ac.
  DRIVELLING, Slavering.
  DROAT, Throat.
  DRODDUM, Nates.
  DROGUE,  Drug.
  DROGUIER (F.).   Same etymon as drug.  A
collection of different simple medicinal substances.
A methodical collection of specimens of drugs.
  DROUUtSTE, Druggist.
  DROICH, Nanus.
  DROIT, Rectus—d. de VAbdomen, Rectus ab-
dominis—d. Antirieur de la cuisse, Rectus femoris
— d. Antirieur de la tete, Rectus capitis internus
minor — el.  Antirieur de la tete, grand,  Rectus
capitis internus major — d. Externe de loeil, Rec-
tus externus oculi — d. Infiirieur de loeil, Rectus
inferior oculi — d.  Interne de la cuisse,  Gracilis—
il.  Interne  de loeil, Rectus  internus  oculi — d.
 Latiral  de  la tete, Rectus  capitis  lateralis — d.
 Pnstirieiir de la tete, grand, Rectus capitis posti-
 cus major—d. Postirieur de la tite, petit, Rectus
 capitis  posticus minor—d. Snpirieur, Rectus su-
 perior oculi.
   DROP, Gutta — d. Ague,  tasteless, Liquor ar-
 senicalis—d. Black, Guttae nigrae—d. Red, Ward's,
 see Vinum antimonii tartarizati — d.  Serene,
 Amaurosis.
   DROPACISMUS, Depilation.
   DROPAX, Depilatory.
   DROPPED  HANDS, see Hands, dropped.
   DROPS,  ABBE ROUSSEAU'S, Laudanum
 Abbatis Rousseau—d.  Anodyne, Liquor morphi-
 ne acetatis—d. Antiscorbutic, Marsden's, see In-
 fusum gentianao compositum — d. Anti-venereal,
 see Tinotura  ferri  muriatis — d.  Chamomile, see
 Anthemis nobilis — d. Dutch, Balsam of sulphur,
 Balsam of Turpentine—d. Fit, Spiritus  ammoniae
 fietidus, see Fuligo — d. Golden, de la Motte's,
 Tinctura seu alcohol sulfurico-aethereus ferri—d.
 Crecti's, see Liquor Hydrargyri  oxymuriatis—d.
 Jesuit's, Tinctura  benzoini composita—d. Laven-
 der, Spiritus  Lavandulae compositus—d. Nitre,
 Spiritus aetheris nitrici—d.  Norris's, see Antimo-
 nium tartarizatum—d. Norton's, Liquor Hydrar-
 gyri Oxymuriatis — d.  Pectoral,  Pectoral drops,
 Bateman's — d. Peppermint, Pastilli de  mentha
 piperita — d. Soot,  see  Fuligo — d. Wade's, Tinc-
 tura benzoini composita—d.  White, Ward's, see
 Hydrargyri nitras.
    Drops, Warburg's.  A secret preparation used
 in Detnarara under the name of  Warburg's Fever
  Di-,,),*.  See Bebeeru.
    DROPSICAL, Hydropic.
    DROPSIED, Hydropic.
    DROPSY, Hydrops—d. of the Belly, Ascites—
  d. of the Brain, Hydrocephalus.
    Drops,y, Cardiac.   Hydrops cardiacus, (F.)
 Hi/dropisie cardiaqite.  Dropsy, dependent  on
  disease  of the heart.
    Dropsy  of  the Cellular  Membrane, Ana-
  sarca—d.  of the Chest, Hydrothorax—d. of the
  Eye, Hydrophthalmia.
    Dropsy, Fibrinous.  Dropsy in which the
 effused fluid contains fibrin.
    Dropsy, General,  Anasarca—d. of  the Head,
 Hydrocephalus.
    Dropsy, Hepat'ic,  Hydrops  hepat'icus, (F.)
 Ilydropisie hipatique.  Dropsy, dependent  on
 disease of the liver.
    Dropsy of the Lachrymal Sac. Fistula lacry-
 malis, Lachrymal hernia—d. of the  Pericardium,
 Hydropericardium—d. of the Peritoneum, Ascites
 —d. of the Pleura, Hydrothorax.
    Dropsy,  Renal, Hydrops  rena'lis,  (F.) Hy-
 drapisie rinale.  Dropsy, dependent on  disease of
 the kidney.
   Dropsy,  Water of, Serum of Serous mem-
 branes—d  Wind, Emphysema.
3               DUCKFOOT
  Dropsy of the Womb, Hydrometra.
  DROPWORT,  Spiraea filipendula —d. Hem-
lock, Qinanthe—d. Water, Hemlock, (Enanthe—
d. Western, Gillenia trifoliata.
  DROPYK, Hydrops.
  DROS'ERA ROTUNDIFO'LIA, from Spoeepos,
'dewy,' Spoaos, 'dew,' the leaf glands exuding  a
clear fluid like dew drops.   The systematic name
of the  Sundew, Ros solis, Drosiobolanon, Dro'-
sium,  Rorella,  (F.)  Rossolis,  Rosee  du soldi,
Herbe d la rosie.   Ord. Droseraceae.  This plant
has a  bitter, acrid,  and caustic taste.  It.  has
been used as a rubefacient,  and to destroy warts
and  corns.  It has,  also,  been  regarded as  a
pectoral.
  DROSIOBOTANON, Drosera rotundifolia.
  DROSISTICON, see Bosa.
  DROSIUM, Drosera rotundifolia.
  DROSOMELI, Fraxinus ornus.
  DROW, Syncope.
  DRUG, 31edicnmen'tuin, (F.) Drogue.  A name
ordinarily  applied to simple medicines, but, by
extension,  to  every substance  employed  in  the
cure of disease.   Menage derives it from droga,
and this from the Persian droa,  'odour;' because
many drugs have a strong odour.   It is, doubt-
less, from the Teutonic trocken, Sax. tjpigan, ' to
dry.'
  Drug.    To  prescribe  or  administer  drugs.
Most commonly, perhaps, to dose to excess with
drugs.  One who so doses is sometimes called " a
drugger."   " To  drug,"  also means  to tincture
with some medicinal article.
  Drug Disease.   A morbid  condition, which
is—or is presumed to be — caused or kept up by
the administration of drugs.
  Drug-grinder, see  Pulverization — d. Mill,
see Pulverization.
  DRUGGER, Druggist, see Drug.
  DRUGGIST, Drugger, Drngster, (Prov.)  Dre-
gister:  Same etymon.  Pharmacopo'la, Materi-
alis'ta, Seplasia'rius, Pharmacopce'us, (F.) Dro-
guiste.  One who sells drugs.
   DRUGSTER, Druggist.
  DRUM, Melancholic.
  DRUM  OF THE EAR, Tympanum.
  DRUM-SIEVE, see Cribration.
  DRUNKENNESS,  Temulentia.
  DRUNKEWORT, Nicotiana tabacum.
  DRYING, Desicea'tion, Sicca'tio,  Desicca'tio,
Exsicca'tio, Xe rail sis, Auan'sis, same etymon as
Drug, (F.) Dessiccation.  Evaporation or removal
of the superfluous humidity in a body.
  Drying  of   Plants, Desicca'tio  herba'rum,
Desicea'tion of Plants.  Those  which  are  very
succulent should be dried quickly.   They must be
spread upon lattice work, covered from the light,
and exposed to the heat of tbe sun or to  that of
a stove, not exceeding 110° Fahrenheit.   The
drying of less succulent plants can be effected at
a lower temperature.  Flowers  must  be dried
very carefully,  excluding light.  Seeds are dried
in a place  where there is  a free  current of air.
Pulpy fruits may be exposed to a gentle heat in
a stove, which may be gradually elevated.  Roots
may also be dried in the stove: the tuberous re-
quire to be cut in slices.
  DRY NU"RSE, see Nurse
  DTHOKE, Frambcesia.
  DUAL'ITY, Dualitas, from duo, 'two.'   The
state or quality of being two.
  Duality of  the  Mind, or  Brain.  As  the
organ  consists of  two hemispheres, they  have
been  regarded  by some as separately and  dis-
tinctly concerned in the mental  and moral mani-
festations.
  DUALM. Syncope.
  DUCKFOOT, see Kyllosis. 
DUCKLEGGED
31
4              DURE-MERE
  DUCKLEGGED.   Having  short legs  like a
duck.
  DUCKSFOOT, Podophyllum montanum.
  DUCT, ALIMENTARY, Canal,  alimentary,
Thoracic duct.
  Duct of Bellini,  Uriniferous tube.
  Duct,  Nasal, Lachrymal duct—d. Pancre-
atic, see  Pancreas.
  Duct of Pecquet, Thoracic duct.
  Duct,  Vitelline,  see Vesicula umbilicalis.
  Duct of Wirsung, see Pancreas.
  DUCTIO PR,EPUTII, Masturbation.
  DUCTLESS GLANDS, see Ganglion.
  DUCTOR  CANALICULATUS,  Gorget —d.
Urinae, Ureter.
  DUCTULI RECTI, see Rete testis.
  DUCTUS, Canal, Meatus—d. Arteriosus, Arte-
rial duct—d. Auris palatinus, Eustachian tube.
  Ductus Bartholinia'nus, Bar'tholin's
Duct, (F.) Canal de  Bartholin.  The excretory
duct of the sublingual gland.
  Ductus Belliniani, Uriniferous  tubes
—d. Biliarii, Pori biliarii—d. Biliferi, Pori biliarii
— d. Botalli,  Arterial duct—d.  Choledochus,
Choledoch duct—d.  Chyliferus,  Thoracic duct—
d. Cibarius, Canal, alimentary — d.  Excretorius,
Excretory duct—d. Ferreini, Ferrein, canal of—d.
Hepaticus, Hepatic  duct—d. Incisivus, Palatine
duct (anterior) — d.  Intestinalis, Canal, alimen-
tary— d. Lacteus, Thoracic duct—-d.  Lacryina-
lis, Lachrymal duct — d. Lacrumalis, Lachrymal
duct—d. Nasalis orbitae, Lachrymal or nasal duct
—d. Nasalo-palatinus, Palatine duct (anterior)—
d. ad Nasum, Lachrymal  or nasal duct — d. Nu-
tritii,  Canals,  nutritive—-d. Omphalo-mesenteri-
cus, see Vesicula umbilicalis—d. Pancreaticus, see
Pancreas—d. Pecqueti, Thoracic duct—d. Pneu-
maticus, see Air-bladder — d.  Punctorum lacry-
malium, Lachrymal  ducts—d. Riviniani, see Sub-
lingual gland—d.  Rorifer, Thoracic duct.
  Ductus Saliva'lis Infe'rior, D. Whartonia'-
nus, (F.) Canal de Warthon. The excretory duct
of the submaxillary  gland.
  Ductus Saliva'lis Supe'rior, D.  Stenonia'-
nus, Steno's Duct, (F.) Canal  de Stenon.  The
excretory duct of the parotid gland which opens
into the mouth opposite the second  upper molar
tooth.
   Ductus Semi-Circulares Labvrinthi,  Semi-
circular  canals—d. Serosi, Lymphatic vessels—d.
Spirales cochleae, Scalae of the cochlea—d. Ste-
nonianus, Ductus salivalis  superior—d. Thora-
cicus, Thoracic duct—d. Urinae,  Ureter—d. Uri-
narius, Urethra—d.  Uriniferi Bellini, Uriniferous
tubes — d. Varicosi  uteri, Tubae Fallopianee — d.
Venosus, Canal, venous—d. Vitellarius, see Ve-
sicula umbilicalis—d. Vitello-intestinalis, see Ve-
sicula umbilicalis — d. Waltheriani, see Sublin-
gual gland—d. Whartonianus, Ductus salivalis
inferior—d. Wirsungianus, see Pancreas.
   DUELECH, Dulech.
   DUEL'LA.   The ancient name  of  a weight,
 which was equivalent to eight scruples.
   DUELLUM VENEREUM, Coition.
   DUG, Nipple.
   DULCAMARA, Solanum dulcamara—d. Flex-
 nosa,  Solanum dulcamara.
   DULCEDO AMORIS, Clitoris—d. Sputatorum,
 see Salivation.
   DULECH,  Dneleeh.   A term  employed  by
 Paracelsus and Van Helmont to designate a pre-
 tended  tartarized substance, which forms in the
 human body, and produces acute pain, accompa-
 nied with great danger.
   DULL. Deaf.
   DULSE, Rhodomelapalmata—d. Pepper, Lau-
 rentia pinnatifida.
   DUMB, see Mutitas.
  DUMBNESS, Mutitas.
  DUNBLANE, MINERAL WATERS  OF.
The  springs of  Dunblane, in Scotland,  contain
sulphate of soda,  chlorides of sodium and  cal-
cium, and carbonate of iron.
  DUNG, Fimus — d.  Cow's, Fimus Vaceae — d.
Goose,  Fimus  anseris — d. Stone-horse, Fimus
equinus.
  DUNGA, Dengue.
  DUNT, Palpitation.
  DUODE'NAL,  Dttodena'lis,  (F.) Dmrdinal.
Relating or appertaining to the duodenum.
  DUODENI'TIS, Dodecadactylltis, (F.) Duo-
dinite.  A  hybrid  term, from duodenum, and  itis,
denoting inflammation.   Inflammation  of  the
duodenum, characterized by white tongue, bitter
taste, anorexia, fulness and  tenderness  in  the
region of the duodenum,  and often yellowness
of skin, along with the ordinary signs of febrile
irritation.
  DUODE'NUM,  from duodeni, 'twelve.'  Ven-
tric'u/us Suceentiiria'tus, Ec'physis seu Appen'dix
seu Proces'sus  Ventric'uli, Portonilrium, Bnde-
cadac'tylon, (from  SwScku, 'twelve,' and SasTvXos,
'a finger.')  The  duodenum  is the first part of
the intestinal  canal, commencing at the  pyloric
orifice of the  stomach, and  terminating in  the
jejunum.   Its  length  is  about twelve  fingers'
breadth, and as it  is only partially covered by the
peritoneum, it is susceptible of considerable dila-
tation ;  hence its name  Ventriculus siiccentitriulus.
In the duodenum,  chylification takes  place  after
the admixture of the biliary and pancreatic fluids
with the chyme.
  DUO-STERNAL.   Beclard thus  names  the
second  osseous  portion of the  sternum, which
corresponds to  the second intercostal space.
  DUPLICA'TION,  (duo,  'two,'  and  plieare,
plicatum,  'to  fold.')  Duplica'tio,  Duplie"itas,
Diplasias'mits,  Diplo'sis, (F.) Dupliciti.  A  spe-
cies  of  malformation  or monstrosity, character-
ized  by the parts concerned being doubled.   See
Diplogenesis.
  Duplication of the Fcetus, Evolution, spon-
taneous.
  DU'PLICATURE,  Duplicatu'ra,  Reflee'tion.
Same  etymon.  The folding or  reflection  of a
membrane upon itself; as Duplicature or reflec-
tion  ofi  the pleura, peritoneum, Ac.
  DUPLICITAS  MONSTROSA, see Diplogene-
sis.
  DUPLICITE, Duplication.
  DUPON'DIUM.  A weight of four drachms.
—Galen.
  DUR, Hard.
   DURA  MATER,  Crassa  seu  Dura  meninr,
Sclerome'ninx, 3Ieninx exte'rior seu sclera  seu
dermato'des seu pachela, of Galen,  Dura  mem-
bra'na  cer'ebrum  anlbiens, Cuticula'ris membra'-
na, 3Iininge, (Ch.)  It has been called dura, be-
cause of its great resistance; and mater; because
it was  believed to give rise to every membrane
of the  body.   (F.) Dure  mire, Dure-taye (Pare.)
It is a fibrous, semi-transparent  membrane, of ,\
pearly-white  colour, thick,  and very resisting;
lines the cavity of the cranium, and contains the
 spinal  marrow : protects  the brain and marrow;
 and, by its various expansions—the falx cerebri,
 tentorium, Ac, — supports the different  parts of
 the  cerebral mass. The largest artery of the dura
 mater is the A. meninga'a me'dia.
   Dura  Mater,  Lateral  Processes  of the.
 Tentorium — d. m. Testis, Albuginea.
   DURATION OF LIFE, see Life—d.  of Preg-
 nancy, see Pregnancy.
   DURE-3IERE, Dura mater. 
DURE-TAYE
315
DYSCRASIA
  DURE-TA YE, Dura mater.
  DUREE DE LA VIE, see Longevity.
  I)CRETE  DOREILLE, Baryecoia— d. de
I'Ouie, Deafness.
  DURILL ON, Callosity.
  DURUS, Hard.
  DUSTING BAG.  In  pharmacy,  a kind of
sieve, which consists of a bag made of lawn or
other like material, hung inside of a wide-mouthed
bottle or tin canister, to the mouth of which it is
secured.   The  powdered  substance  is put into
the bag, and the mouth being closed with a cover,
the apparatus  is shaken, and the finer particles
pass into the bottle or canister.
  DUTCHMAN'S PIPE, Aristolochia hirsuta.
  DC'I'ROA, Datura stramonium.
  DWALK, COM.MON, Atropa belladonna.
  DWARF, Nanus—d. Flag,  Iris lacustris.
  DWARFISH, see Nanus.
   DWARFISHNESS, Nanosomus.
   DVCTOIDES, Reticular.
   DYERS' BROOM, Genista tinctoria—d. Weed,
 Genista tinctoria. Reseda luteola.
   DYNAMETER, Dynamometer.
   DYXAMTC,  Dynarn'ieal,  Dynam'icus,   (F.)
 Dipinmiqne.  Same etymon.  In Mechanics, Dy-
 nttm'ics investigates  the  powers whereby bodies
 are put in motion, and the laws connected there-
 with.  In Biology, that which relates to the vital
 forces,  to the organism  in action,  Vital Dyna-
 mics.  The influences of agents on the organism,
 which are ascribable  to  neither mechanical nor
 chemical causes, are sometimes termed dynamic.
 In  this sense, it  is a favorite term with the ho-
 moeopathists, who maintain that, by certain  pro-
 cesses,  called,  in the aggregate,  dynamiza'tion
 and potenti'zing,  the dynamic powers of a medi-
 cine may be set free and developed—as by shaking
 the bottle in which the article is contained,  or by
 mixing an  unlimited number  of  unmedicated
 globules with one that is medicated, and shaking
 them together.  In this way, the former become
 potentized !
    Dynamic Diseases, see Organic.
    DYNAMICS, VITAL,  see Dynamic.
    DYXAMICUS, Dynamic.
    DYXAMIS, Faculty, Force.
    DYXAMIZATION, see Dynamic.
    DYXAMOM'ETER,  3Tyodynamiom'eter, 3Iyo-
  dfintimam'eter, (F.)  Dynamomitre,  from Svvapts,
  'force,' 'vital power,' and perpov, 'measure.' An
  instrument, contrived by M. Regnier, for mea-
  suring the comparative muscular strength of man
  and animals.  It consists  of a spring, which,
  when pressed upon, causes a needle to move upon
  a portion of a circle, furnished with a scale of
  kilogrammes  and  one of myriagrammes.   To
  measure  the strength  of the  hands, the two
  branches of the  spring  are firmly  grasped, and
  brought as near together as the force can carry
  them.  This effort makes the needle traverse, and
  indicates, on  the  scale  of kilogrammes, the
  strength  of the experimenter's hands.  A man,
  2;> or 30 years of age, exerts a force  commonly
  equal to 50 kilogrammes or 100 pounds.
    The strength of the loins of a man, about 30
  years of age, as  indicated by this instrument, is
  usually about  30  myriagrammes, or 265 pounds,
  which shows the weight he is capable of raising.
    From experiments made by Peron, in his voy-
  age, on 12 individuals of Van Diemen's Land, 17
  of  Xew Holland,  56  of  the Island of Timor, 17
  Frenchmen belonging to the expedition, and 14
  Englishmen in the colony of New South Wales,
  he found  their comparative strength, indicated
  by the dynamometer, to be as follows:
	strength			
Natives of	of the	arm.	of the	loins.
	Kilog. 50.6 50.8 58.7 69.2 71.4	lbs.	3Iyri.	lbs.
L. Van Diemen's Land. 2. New Holland. 3. Timor. 4. France. 5. England.		101.2 101.6 117.4 138.4 142.4	10.2 11.6 15.2 15.2	208.08 238.64 310.08 332.52
  Dynamometer  or  Dynam'eter, Medic"inal.
An  instrument, invented  by Dr. Paris, for the
purpose of showing tbe quantity of active matter
contained in a given weight or measure of any
officinal compound, with the dose of any prepa-
ration, which will  be equivalent in strength to a
given quantity of any other of the same  class.
The instrument is more ingenious than u&efuL
  DYNAMOPATHY, Homoeopathy.
  DYOTA, Diota.
  DYS,  Svs, in  composition, 'difficult, faulty;'
sometimes privative; mostly answering to the
particles dis, in, mis, or un,  in English.  Hence :
  DYS/E'MIA, from Svs, 'with  difficulty,' and
'atpa, 'blood.'  A morbid condition  of the blood.
  DYSESTHESIA, Dysasthe'sis, from Svs,
'with  difficulty,'  and atoiiuvopat, 'I  feel.'  Ob-
scure, diminished, or even abolished sensation.
  Dysesthesia Auditoria, Cophosis — d. Gus-
tatoria, Ageustia — d. Interna, Amnesia — d. Ol-
factoria, Anosmia.
  Dysesthesia  Visua'lis, Parop'sis.   Sense
of sight vitiated or lost.
  DYSyESTHESIS,  Dysaesthesia.
  DYSANAGO'GOS, from  Svs,  'with difficulty,'
and avayia, 'I bring up.'  That which  is expecto-
rated with difficulty. An epithet given, by the
Greek writers, to the sputa, when  expectorated
with difficulty, on account of their viscidity.
  DYSANNARRHOPHE'SIS,-D#s«»«7-r/(ojoA'nr;
from  Svs, 'with difficulty,' and avappoipnais, 'ab-
sorption.'  Diminished  absorption  from morbid
causes.
  DYS'APHE, Dysaph'ia,  from Svs, and a<pn,
'feeling.'  Morbid feeling.
  DYSAPULO'TUS, Dysapu'lus,  Dyscpulotos,
Dysepulo'ticus, Dysulo'tus, from Svs, and anovXiror,
 to  heal.'  Healing with difficulty.
  DYSARTHRIAS, Gout, irregular.
  DYSCATABROSIS, Dysphagia.
  DYSCATAPOSIS, Dysphagia.
  DYSCATAPO'TIA, from Svs, and Karamvio, 'I
drink.'  Difficulty of swallowing liquids.   This
term is recommended by Dr. Mead as a substitute
for hydrophobia, which means dread of liquids.
The dread seems  to be partly caused by the diffi-
culty of deglutition.
  DYSCHE'ZIA, from  Svs,  and x^uv> 'to  S° to
stool.'  Difficult and painful defecation.
  DYSCHROS'A,  from  Svs,  'with difficulty,' and
yooa  or X90la' 'colour.'  Dischro'a.  Sickly and
unhealthy colour of the  skin.  Used synony-
mously with the macula of  Willan.
  DYSCIIROMATOPSIA,  Achromatopsia.
  D YSCH YM OSEN. Chymoplania.
  DYSCINE'SIA,  (F.)  Dyscinisie,   from Svs,
'with  difficulty,'and Ktvtor,  ' I  move.'  Difficulty
or  utter incapability of  moving.—Galen.
  DYSCOILIA. Constipation.
  DYSCOPIIO'SIS,  from  Svs, 'with  difficulty,'
and savour, 'I am deaf.'  A defect in the sense
of  hearing.—Hippocrates.
  DYSCO'RIA,  Coremetamorpho'sis,  from  Svs,
and xopn, 'the pupil.'  Irregularity of shape  of
the pupil.
  DYSCRA'SIA, from Svs,  and Kpaais, 'tempera- 
DYSCRASIACUM            316                 DYSOPIA
ment.'  Intempe'ries, Distcmperarltia, Dys'crasy.
A bad habit of body.  See Dysthetica.
  Dyscbasia Potato'rum. Dyscrasia of drinkers.
The aggregate of cachectic phenomena exhibited
by those who  indulge in alcoholic liquors.
  Dyscrasia  Saturnina, Saturnismus—d. Scro-
fulosa. Scrofula—d. Tuberculosa, see Tubercle.
  DYSCRASIACUM. Spanaemic.
  DYSCRASY, Dyscrasia—d. Bilious, Cholosis,
Icterus.
  DYS'CRITOS, from Svs, 'with difficulty,' and
Kptats, 'judgment.'   That which  it is difficult to
judge of.—Hippocrates.
  DYSDA'CRIA, Dysdacryo'sis, from  Svs,  and
Sukpvov, ' a tear.'  A morbid condition of the tears.
  DYSDACRYOSIS,  Dysdacria.
  DYSECCRISTA, from Svs, and eKKptais, 'ex-
cretion.'  Difficult or defective excretion.
   DYSECOIA, Baryecoia, Deafness.
   DYSEL'CIA,  Dysepulo'tus,  from  Svs, 'with
difficulty,' and 'cXkos,  'an ulcer.' An ulcer diffi-
cult to heal.—Hippocrates, Foesius.
   DY'SEMESIA, Vomiturition.
   DYSENTERIA, Dysentery — d. Biliosa, Colo-
 cholosis—d. Haematera, Dysentery—d. Hepatica,
Hepatirrhcea—d. Maligna, Enterocace—d.  Pu-
trida, Enterocace — d. Scorbutica, Enterocace —
 d. Splenica, Melaena—d. Typhodes, Enterocace.
   DYSENTER'IC,  Dysenter'icus,  Dysen'terus,
 (F.)  Dysentirique,  Dyssentirique.  Same etymon
 as Dysentery. Relating to dysentery.
   DYSENTERIE, Dysentery.
   DYSENTERIUM,  Dysentery.
   DYSENTERONERVIA, Colic—d. Saturnina,
 Colica metallica.
   DYS'EXTERY,  Dysenter'ia,  D.  hamate'ra,
 Dysenter'ium, from Svs, and  evrepov,  ' an intes-
 tine.'  Difficultas intestino'rum, Dissolu'tns mor-
 bus,   Diarrhce'a   carnosa,   Coli'tis,   Coloni'tis,
  ('olo-recti'tis,  Endocoli'tis, Esocolltis, Defiux'us
 Dysenter'icus, Febris  Dysenter'ica,  Flumen  dys-
 entericum,  Fluxus   dysenter'icus  seu   cruen'-
 tus cum Tenes'mo, Rheumatis'mus intestino'rum
 cum ulcere,  Tor'mina,  T. Celsi,  Blennenter'ia,
 3Iorbus dissohltus, Sedes cruen'ta,  Lues dysen-
  ter'ica,  Bloody  Flux;  Flux,  (F.)  Dysentirie,
  Dyssentirie,  Flux dysentirique, Flux de Sang.
 Inflammation of the  mucous membrane of the
 large intestine;  the  chief symptoms of which
  are:—fever,  more or less inflammatory, with fre-
  quent mucous or  bloody evacuations;  violent
  tormina and  tenesmus.  When the evacuations
  do not  contain blood, it has been called Dysen-
  ter'ia alba or simple Dysentery, 3fyco-dysenter'ia.
  The seat of the  disease is, generally, in the colon
  and rectum.   It occurs, particularly, during the
  summer and autumnal  months, and in hot cli-
  mates more   than  in cold:  frequently,  also,  in
  camps and prisons, in consequence of impure air,
  and imperfect nourishment: and is often epidemic.
  Sporadic cases of dysentery are, generally, easily-
  managed ;  but when  the disease occurs epidemi-
  cally, it often exhibits great  malignancy.   Gene-
  rally,  it yields  to  mild laxatives,  as  castor oil,
  combined with diaphoretic narcotics, such as  the
  pulvis  ipecacuanha  compositus, and  counter-
  irritants to the abdomen ; but, at times, the in-
  flammation runs  on  so  speedily to ulceration,
  that, unless  a  new  action  be rapidly  excited,
  death will  be the consequence. In  such cases,
  mercury must  be rapidly introduced into  the
  system, and  narcotics may be combined with it.
    The  whole management  in  acute  dysentery
  must, of course, be strictly antiphlogistic.
    Dysentery, Bilious, Colocholosis.
    DYSEPULOTICUS, Dysapulotus.
    DYSEPULOTOS,  Dysapulotos, Dyselcia.
    DYSGALACTIA, Dysgalia.
  DYSGA'LIA, Dysgalac'tia, from Svs, and yaXa,
yaXasros,  'milk.'   An unhealthy condition  or
depravation of the milk.
  DYSGENNE'SIA, from Svs, and ytvvnms, 'ge-
neration.'  Lesion of  the  generative  organs or
functions.
  DYSGEU'SIA, Disgens'tia, from its, and
yevats, ' taste.'  A morbid condition  of the sonse
of taste.
  DYSHiEMORRHCE'A, from Svs, 'atpa, 'blood,'
and peur, ' to flow.' Difficulty in the flow of blood,
— according to some, of the hemorrhoidal  flux.
Also, symptoms occasioned by its diminution or
suppression.—Sagar.
  DYSH^E'MIA, from  Svs, and 'atpa,  'blood.'
A morbid condition  of the blood.
  DYSHAPH'IA, Dysaph'ia, from Svs, and  'atpn,
'touch.'  A morbid  condition  of the sense  of
touch.
  DYSHI'DRIA, Dysldria, from Svs,  and 'tSpus,
' sweat.'  A morbid  state of the  perspiration.
   D Y SI' A T 0 S, Svataros, from Svs, ' with  diffi-
culty,'  and taopat, 'to  heal;' Curu'tu  dijfic'ilis.
Difficult of cure.—Hippocrates.
   DYSLALIA, Balbuties, Bradylogia.
   DYSLOCHI'A, Colica  lochia'lis, HysteraVgia
lochia'lis, from Svs,  and Xo%ios ;  ' relating to par-
turition.'  Diminution or suppression of the lo-
chial discharge.
   DYSMASE'SIS, Dysmasse'sis, Brady masse'sis,
from Svs, 'with difficulty,' and punnets, 'mastica-
tion.'  Difficult or impeded mastication.
   DYSMENIA, Dysmenorrhcea.
   D YSMENORRHEE, Dysmenorrhoea.
   DYSMENORRHEA, Dysme'nia, Paramenia
diffie"ilis,  3Ienorrhag"ia stillatil'ia, 3Ien'stnta
difficil'ia  seu  Doloro'sa, Amenorrhce'a diffic"ilit
seu  partia'lis, 3Ienses  dolarif ica, 3lenorrho'gia
diffic"ilis, 3Ienstrua'tio diffic"ilis seu dolorif'ieu,
Labo'rious or Difficult 3Ienstrua'tion, (F.) Dysmi-
norrhie, 3Ienstruation  difficile,  Rigles difficil.es,
Strangurie menstruelle.   Catamenia passed with
great local pain, especially in  the loins:—with
sometimes  a  membranous  discharge.   Dysme-
norrhcea is very difficult of removal, and  prevents
conception.  In the married female, if she should
be able to pass one  period without pain, and sub-
sequently become  pregnant, the morbid action
 may be broken in upon  by gestation, and a per-
fect cure be obtained.  Change of air, soon  after
 marriage, will sometimes give  occasion to this
 desirable result. The affection generally depends
 upon erethism  of  the interior  of the uterus,
 called into action at each catameninl period. The
 violence of the  pain requires the liberal use of
 narcotics.
   DYSMNE'SIA,  from  Svs, 'badly,' and pvnets,
 'memory.'  Defective memory.
   DYSMORPHE, Deformation.
   DYSMORPHIA, Deformation.
   DYSMORPHOSIS, Deformation.
   D YSNEPHRONER VIE, Nephralgia,
   DYSODES, Fetid.
   DYSO'DIA,  Dysod'mia,  Dysos'mia,  Feetor,
 'foetor,'  from Svs,  'badly,' and  ofa,  'I smell.'
 (F.) Puanteur.  Sauvages has given this generic
 name to all diseases, characterized  by fetid ema-
 nations, from whatever part proceeding; — from
 the  mouth, nasal fossae, bronchia, stomach, axil-
 lae, groins, Ac.  Also, a stench or stink, Psoa.
   DYSODMIA, Dysodia.
   DYSODONTI'ASIS, Dentil'io diffic"ilis, from
 Svs,  'with difficulty,' and oSovrtaais,  'dentition.'
 Difficult dentition.
   DYSONEI'ROS, from Svs, 'with difficulty,'and
 oveipos, 'a dream.'  Insomnia, with restlessness.
   DYSO'PIA, properly  Dysop'sia,  Dysora'si',
 signifying 'shame,'  from  'Svs,  'with  difficulty/ 
DYSOPSIA               317            DYSTHANATOS
nnd o-nropai, 'I see.'  Difficulty of seeing: obscu-
rity of vision.
  Dysopia Dissitorum, Myopia.
  Dvsopia   Latera'lis,  Parop'sis   latera'lis,
Slue-sight, Skew-sight, Sight askew.  Vision only
accurate when  the object is  placed  obliquely.
This state is generally caused by some  opacity of
the cornea.
  Dysopia Luminis,  Nyctalopia — d.  Proximo-
rum, Presbytia—d. Tenebrarum, llemeralopia.
  DYSOI'STA, Dysopia.
  DYSORASIS, Dysopia.
  DYSOREX'IA,  Inappetetltia, Appeti'tus  de-
 fic"iens, from  Svs, ' with difficulty,' and  ope^ts,
 'appetit'.'  Diminution of appetite.
  DYOS'MIA, from  Svs, 'with  difficulty,'  and
 oir/i/j. 'smell.'  Diminution of  smell.
   DYSOSPHRE'SIA, Dysosphre'sis, Dysosphra'-
 tia, Dysphre'sis, from Svs, and oatjrpnais,' the sense
 of  smell.'  A morbid state of the sense of smell.
   DYSOSTO'SIS, from Svs, and ootzov, 'a bone.'
 A  faulty conformation  or  morbid  condition of
 bone.
   DYSPATHIA, see Serious.
   DYSPEPSIA, from Svs, 'witb difficulty,'  and
 rtitTiir,  ' I  concoct.'  Limo'sis  Dyspep'sia, Ano-
 rex'ia,  Apep'sia,  Bradypep'sia,  Gastroatax'ia,
 Diges'tio depravilta seu difiic"ilis seu  lasa, Gas-
 tro-ato'niu, Uoneoc'tio tarda, Stom'achi resolu'tio,
 Crn'ditas, Passio  stomach'ica, Dyspep'sy, Indi-
 ges'tion, Difficulty  ofi Digestion.  A  state  of the
 stomach, in  which its  functions  are  disturbed,
 without the presence of other diseases, or when,
 if other diseases be present, they are of but minor
 importance.   The symptoms  of  dyspepsia   are
 rery various.  Those affecting the stomach itself
 are:—loss of appetite ; nausea ; pain  in the  epi-
 gastrium or hypochondrium ;  heart-burn ; sense
 of fulness, or  weight in the  stomach ; acrid or
 fetid eructations; pyrosis, and sense of fluttering
 or sinking at the pit of the stomach.  The sympa-
 thetic affections are of the most diversified  cha-
 racter.  Dyspepsia, being generally of a functional
 nature, is devoid of danger.  When arising from
 disease of the stomach itself, it is, of course, more
  serious.
    It is usually dependent on irregularity of living;
  either in the quantity or quality of the food taken :
  and the most successful treatment is, to put the
 patient on a diet easy of digestion ; to  combat the
  causes, where such are apparent;  and, by proper
  remedies and  regimen, to strengthen  the system
  in every practicable manner.  A great error exists
  in regarding it as always  a  disease of debility.
  It is  often  connected with an inflammatory or
 Bubinflammatory condition of the mucous lining
  of the  stomach, and  of  course a very different
  plan  of treatment is required in  the  two cases.
  Dyspepsia is often attended with too great a se-
  cretion of the gastric acids ;  but, on  other occa-
  sions, they would appear to be too small in quan-
  tity, so as to  constitute alkaline indigestion or
  neutral indigestion.
    Dyspepsia  Chlorosis,  Chlorosis — d.  Hypo-
  chondriasis, Hypochondriasis — d. Pyrosis,  Py-
  rosis.
    DYSPEPSIODYNIA, Cardialgia.
    DYSPEPSODYNIA, Cardialgia.
    DYSPEPSY, Dyspepsia.
    DYSPEP'TIC, Dyspep'ticus, Dyspep'tns,Apep'-
  tr'c, Apep'ticus ;  same etymon.  Having relation
  to dyspepsia, as  'dyspeptic   bread.'   One  who
  Buffers from dyspepsia.
    DYSPEPTICUS, Dyspeptic.
    DYSPEPTODYNIA, Cardialgia.
    DYSI'EPTUS. Dyspeptic.
    DYSl'ERMA'SIA, Dyspermatis'mus, from Svs,
  'with  difficulty,'and astpua,  ' sperm.'   Difficulty
  —sometimes incapacity—of voiding the sperm.
  DY'SPERMATISMUS, Bradyspermatismus.
  D\SPHA'GIA,  Dyscatabro'sis,  Dyscatap'osis,
Deglutil'io  diffic"iUs, D.  la'sa,  D. impedlta,
from  Svs, 'with  difficulty,' and  0ayu>, 'I  eat.'
Difficulty of  deglutition.   Dysphagia is almost
always  symptomatic, either of inflammation  or
of other disease of the organs  of  deglutition, or
of incomplete obstruction  of the oesophagus, by
some  obstacle  within  it, or  by a neighbouring
tumour.   At times, it is  produced by spasms  or
paralysis of the oesophagus.  The prognosis and
treatment vary according to the cause.
  Dysphagia Atonica, Pharyngoplegia.
  DYSPHA'GIA COXSTRIC'TA,  D. Pharynge'a seu
QSsophaye'a  seu  Callo'sa,  Strictu'ra Pharyn'gis
seu tEsoph'agi  vera seu  Callo'sa,  Stenocho'ria
(Esoph'agi, GEsophagiarc'tia, Lamosteno'sis. Stric-
ture of  the pharynx and oesophagus is  an affec-
tion which may be  the result of pharyngitis  or
oesophagitis; but  more frequently of malignant
disease  in the parietes of  the  tube.   The only
remedy is the bougie.
  Dysphagia  Inflammatoria,  Oesophagitis—
d. Pharyngea,  D.  Constricta—d. QSsophagea,  D.
Constricta—d. Spasmodica, GLsophagismus — d.
Callosa, D. Constricta—d. Paralytica,  (Esopha-
goplegia, Pharyngoplegia—d. Nervosa,  ffisopha-
gismus—d. Torpida, Pharyngoplegia—d. Globosa,
Angone—d.  Hysterica, Angone—d. Inflammato-
ria,  Cynanche tonsillaris — d. Linguosa,  Para-
glossa—d. Ranula, Ranula—d. Uvulosa, Staphy-
loedema — d. Scirrhosa, Laemoscirrhus — d. Spas-
tica, G?sophagismus.
   DYSPHO'NIA, Dys'phony, from Svs, and tfruvn,
'the voice.'  Difficulty of  producing and  articu-
lating  sounds: voice  imperfect  or  depraved.
Apho'nia (of some).
   Dysphonia Ijimodilata Nasalis, Rhinopho-
nia—d. Immodulata, palatina, Asaphia.
   DYSPHOR'IA, Inquietu'do, Asta'sia.  Dissatis-
faction  ;  restlessness;  suffering;  indisposition;
from  Svs, and ipepur, ' I bear.'
   Dysphoria  Anxietas,  Anxiety — d. Nervosa,
Fidgets—d.  Simplex, Fidgets.
   DYSPIIOTIA,  Myopia.
   DYSPHRESIS, Dysosphresia.
   DYSPIO'NIA,  from Svs, and lriutv,  'fat.'  A
morbid condition of the adipous substance.
   DYSPLASMATIC, Cacoplastic.
   DYSPLASTICUM. Spansemic.
   D YSPA'EE, Dyspnoea—d. Cardiaque, Asthma,
cardiac.
   DYTSPNQ5'A, from  Svs,  and  rrvew, 'I breathe.'
 Pseudo-asthma, Amphipneu'ma, Respira'tio difi-
 fic"ilis seu breris et vara,  Brachypno?'a, Retentio
ae'rea,  Anhela'tion, Short breath, Difficulty  of
 breathing, (F.) Dyspnie, Courte  Haleine.   Dysp-
noea  may be  idiopathic or  symptomatic.  The
latter accompanies  almost all  thoracic diseases.
 Urgent dyspnoea has been called  amphipneu'ma,
 aptfititvcvpa.—Hippocrates.
   Dyspnoea  Convulsiva, Asthma — d. Hydro-
thoracica,  Hydrothorax — d.   Physothoracica,
 Pneumothorax—d. Pinguedinosa,  Pursiness — d.
 Pneumatica,  Pneumothorax — d. Pyothoracica,
 Empyema.
   D YSSENTERIE, Dysentery.
   DYSSENTERIQUE, Dysenteric.
   DYSSIA'LIA,  from Svs, and  ataXos, 'saliva.'
 A morbid condition of the saliva.
   DYSSYN'ODUS, Dyssynn'sia, from Svs, and
trvvoSos,  ' coition.'   Co'itus difilc"ilis.   Difficulty
 in coition.
   DYSSYNUSIA, Dyssynodus.
   DYSTHAN'ATOS, from Svs, and Savaros,
 ' death.'  That which causes  a slow and  painful
 death.   One who  experiences this kind of death.
 —Hippocrates, Galen. 
DYSTIIELASIA
3
8         EA IT D'AR MAGNA C
  DYSTHELA'SIA, from Svs, and^Xa^u, 'I give
suck.'  Inaptitude for suckling.
  DYSTHERAPEU'TOS, Dijficiliter cura'bilis;
from Svs, and &epaneia,' medical treatment.' That
which is  difficult of cure.
  DYSTHE'SIA, from <W, 'badly,' and tiSij/ii, 'I
am situate.' Dys'thesis, Cachex'ia. Morbid habit.
Bad humour.  Impatience in disease.—Erotian.
  DYSTHETTCA, Cachex'ia,  Dyscrasia, Cach-
ex'ics ; same etymon.  A morbid condition of the
blood or  blood-vessels; alone or connected with a
morbid state of other fluids, producing a diseased
habit.  The fourth order in  the class Hamatica
of Good,  including Plethora. Hamorrhagia, Ac.
  DYSTHYMTA, from  Svs,  and  $vpos,_' mind.'
Depression, Despondency.  A  bad sign in  acute
diseases.   Also, Melancholy.
  DYSTOCIA, 3Togostoc'ia, Bradytoc'ia, Reterl-
tiofoetds, from  Svs, and tokos, 'accouchement.'
(F.) Dystocie.  A laborious accouchement, Labo'-
rious  or  morbid or  difficult labour,  Parodyrlia,
Partus diffic"ilis.   See Laborious.
  Dystocia Abortiva, Abortion — d. Dyscyesis,
Pregnancy, morbid—d. Dyscyesis  extra-uterina,
see Pregnancy, preternatural.
  EAGLE-STONE, Mtites.
  EAR,  Auris,  Ous, ovs,  Ac'oe,  Saxon,  eape,
(Prov.) Lug.  (F.) Oreille.  The  organ of  au-
dition.  It is composed of a series of more or less
irregular cavities, in which  the sonorous rays are
successively received  and  reflected,  until they
agitate the nerves  which  are  destined to convey
the impression  to the  brain.   The  ear is con-
tained partly in the substance  of  the temporal
bone;  and a part projects externally,  behind  the
joint of the  lower jaw.   It may be divided into
three portions ;—the outer or external ear, formed
by the auricle and meatus auditorius; the middle
ear, comprising the cavity  of the tympanum and
its dependencies;  and the  internal ear, compre-
hending the three semicircular canals, the cochlea
and the vestibule;  which, together, constitute the
osseous labyrinth.  Within  the  cavity of this la-
byrinth are contained membranes having nearly
the shape of  the vestibule and semicircular canals,
but not extending  into the cochlea.   These mem-
branes form  the membranous labyrinth.  Between
the osseous  and  the  membranous labyrinth is
situate the liquor  of Cotunnius, and  within  the
membranous labyrinth is a fluid, termed, by De
Blainville, vitrine auditive,  from  its supposed
analogy to the vitreous humour of  the eye.   The
form of the  membranous vestibule is not an exact
imitation of the  osseous  cavity, being composed
of two distinct sacs, which  open into each  other,
— the  one termed the  Sac'cuius vestib'uli;  the
other  Sac'cuius  Each sac contains in its interior
a small mass of white calcareous  matter resem-
bling  powdered  chalk,  which  seems to be sus-
pended in the fluid of  the sacs by means of  a
number of nervous filaments proceeding from the
auditory nerve.    These  are the  otoconies and
oto/ithes of Breschet.
  The auditory nerve is  distributed to  the cavi-
ties of the internal ear.
  EAR-DOCTOR, Aurist—e.   Flap,  Proptoma
auricularum—e.  Keeker,  Tonsil.
  EARNING, Rennet.
  EAR-PICK,  Otog'lyphis, Otoeflyphum,  Cocll-
  DYSTCECHI'ASTS, Hispid'itas, from Svs, 'bad,'
and otocxos, 'order.'  Irregular position  of the
eye-lashes.—Forestus.
  DYSTON'IA, from Svs, nnd tovos, ' tone.'  Mor-
bid condition of the tone of a tissue or organ.
  DYSTROPHIA,  from Svs,  'with difficulty,'
and rpoijrn,' nourishment.' Imperfect or defective
nutrition.
  DYSULOTUS, Dysapulotus.
  DYSURE'SIA, Dysure'sis ; from  Svs, and ovfirj-
ats, 'passing the urine.'  Defective secretion and
evacuation of the urine.
  DYSU'RIA,  Dys'ury, Urlna difirc"ilis excre'-
tio, from Svs, 'with  difficulty,' and ovpov, 'urine.'
Strarlgur-y, (of some.) (F.) Dysurie.   Difficulty
of passing the urine.  In this affection the urine
is  voided with  pain,  and a  sensation of heat in
some  part of the urethra.   Dysuria is the  first
degree  of retention  of  brine.   It differs from
strangury, in which the urine can only be passed
in  drops and with great straining.
  Dysuria  Calculosa,  Calculi,   vesical —d.
Irritata,  Calculi vesical — d.  Mucosa,  Cystir-
rhoea.
  DYSURY, Dysuria.
tear auricula're, Auriscal'pium, (F.)  Cure-oreille.
A  species  of small scoop, used  for extracting
hardened  cerumen from  the meatus auditorius
externus; or to  remove foreign  bodies from tho
ear.  If carelessly used, it is apt to excite inflam-
mation of the tube.
  EAR-SURGEON, Aurist—e. Surgery, Otiatria.
  EAR-TRUMPET, Tubus actts'ticus,Acus'ticum
Cornu, (F.)  Cornet acoustique. An instrument for
collecting sound and increasing its intensity, used
by those who are hard of hearing.   It is, com-
monly, a kind of cone, formed of silver, tin,  or
elastic gum, the base of which is turned towards
the person who is speaking, and the  apex placed
in the entrance of the meatus auditorius externus.
  EARWAX, Cerumen.
  EARWIG,  Forficula auricularia.
  EARTH  CLUB, Orobanche Americana.
  Earth, Fuller's, Cimolia purpurescens.
  Earth Gall, Veratrum viride.
  Earth, Heavy, Baryta—e. Japan, Catechu—
e. Lemnian, Terra Lemnia.
  Earth Nut, Pignut, Bunium bulbocastanum.
  Earth, Ponderous, Baryta—e. Samian, Sami
terra—e. Sealed,Terra, sigillata—e.Talc,Magnesia.
  EASTNINGWORT, Scabious.
  EATABLE, Esculent.
  EATIN-BERRIES. see Juniperus communis.
  EAU, Water—e. d'Aix-la-Chapelle,  see Aix-
la-Chapelle.
  EAU  If A LIB OUR.  This compound is made
of sulphate  of zinc, and sulphate of  copper, each
3J ;  camphor, ten  grains; saffron, four grains;
water, four fluidounces.  Employed  in  chronic
inflammation  of the evelids,  and as a vulnerary.
   EAU  DE VAMNIOS,  Liquor  amnii — e.
d'Amandes  umires, Aqua amygdalarum concen-
trata.
  EAU ANTIPUTRIDE  DE  BEAUFORT.
Mineral lemonade prepared with sulphuric acid.
  EAU D'ARMAGNAC, Tinctura  cinnamomi
composita—e. de Balaruc, Balaruc waters—e. '!'■
Bariges,  Barejges  water — e.  de Binelli,  Aqua
Binellii — e. Blanche, Liquor plumbi subacetatis
E. 
EAU  DE COLOGNE         319                 ECCOPE
dilutus — c. de  Bonferme,  Tinctura cinnamomi
composita—e.  de Bonnes, Bonnes, mineral waters
of—e. de Boule, see Ferrum tartarizatum — e. de
Ban,bonne-les-Bains,  Bourbonne-les-Bains,  mi-
neral waters of—e. de Brocchieri, Aqua Brocehi-
crii—• e. tics Cttrmes, see  Melissa — e. de  Chaux,
Liquor calcis—e. de Chaux composie, Liquor  cal-
cis compositus.
   EAU DE COLOGNE, Colocjne water.  A cele-
brated perfume, so called from the place where it
is made.  The following is one  formula: Oil of
bergiimot, ^iij ;  Oil of lemon, t^ij ;  Oil of Laven-
der, J^iiiss ; Oil of nerol'r, 3''ssj  Oil ofi origanum,
PJij ;  Oil of rosemary, 5Jj ; Essence of vanilla, £ij ;
 Musk, ten  grains; Rectified spirit, Oxiij ; Rose-
 water,  Oij  ; Orange-power water, Oj.   Macerate
 for fourteen days, and filter.
   FA U DE  CUIVRE  AMMONIACALE,  Li-
 quor cupri ammoniuti — e.  Distillee, Water, dis-
 tilled— e.  de Fontaine,  Water,  spring—e.  des
 Fontaines de  la Marignerie, Rouen, mineral wa-
 ters of—e. contre la Gangrene, Liquor hydrargyri
 nitrici—e.  de  Goudron, see Pinus sylvestris—e. de
 Goulard, Liquor plumbi subacetatis dilutus.
   EA UII EM AST A TIQ UE DE TISSERAN D,
 Eau de Tisserand.  A hemastatic water, reputed
 to possess  the same properties as the Aqua Broc-
 cbierii.  It may be prepared by digesting dragon's
 blood, and turpentine of the Vosges in water.
    EAU D'HUSSON, Vinum  colchici— e.  des
 Ilydropiqiies, Serum  of  serous   membranes — e.
 Hydrnsidfttrie simple, Hydrosulphuretted water.
    PAU DE JAVELLE, Bleaching liquid. Aqua
 ulkallna  oxymurialica,  Labarraqite's  Solution,
 (Common  salt,  tbij ;  black  oxide of manganese,
 Ibj; water, tbij.  Put into a retort, and add, gra-
  dually, oil of  vitriol. Ibij.  Pass the vapour through
 a solution of  subcarbonate of potassa ^iij in water
 (^xxix, applying  heat towards  the  last.  S. g.
  1.087.)  It is stimulant, detergent, and antiseptic,
 —applied  externally.
    EAU DE  LAC, Water, lake.
    ICA U DE  LECHELLE.  A hemostatic water,
  prepared by macerating, in water, various aroma-
  tic and astringent herbs, flowers and  roots,  with
  tar, and distilling the same.   It has  been given
  internally, in hemorrhage, and  used, also, as  an
  external styptic.
    EAU DE  LUCE, Spiritus  ammonias succina-
  tus — e. 3Iagnisienne,  Magnesia,  fluid — e.  de
  Marais, Water, marsh — e. Midicina/c d'Hnsson,
  see  Colchicum  autumnale,  Vinum colchici, and
  Veratrine, sulphate  of—e.  Midicinale naturc/le,
  Water, mineral—e. de 3Ier, Water, sea—e. 3Ier-
  cnrielle, Liquor hydrargyri nitrici — e. 3Iinirale,
  Water, mineral — e. de 3Tonterossi, Aqua Binellii
  — e. tie Naples,  Naples  water,  factitious — e. de
  A'eige, Wafer, snow—c. de Pagliari, Haemostatic,
  Pagliaii's—e. de Pluie, Water,  rain—e. de Potasse,
  Liquor potassa; — e. de Puit, Water, well —e. de
  ltitbel, Elixir acidum Halleri—e.  Rigale, Nitro-
  muriatic acid—e. Salic, Water, sea—e. de Source,
  ^ ater, well — e.  Stgptiqne de Brocchieri, Aqua
  Brocchierii — e. Sucrie, Hydro-saccharum — e. de
  Tissri-iiul, Eau hcinastiitiqiie de Tisserand — e.
  Vit/ito-uiinirale,  Liquor  Plumbi  subacetatis dilu-
  tus—e. ile Vichy, Yiihv water—e. de Vie, Brandy
 ■—c de Vie Alleinnnde, Tinctura  jalapii  composita
 —e. de Vie Camjrhrie, Spiritus camphora;.
    EAUX,  LES,  Liquor  amnii — e.   Chaudes,
 Aigues-caudes —- e. Hipatiques,  Waters, mineral,
 sulfureous—e.  3Iini,a/es  artificielles,  Waters,
 mineral, artificial—e. 31 iuirales factices, Waters,
 mineral, artificial — e.  31iuirales  ferruginettses,
 Waters,  mineral,  gaseous,  Ac. — e.   Minerales
 gaseuses ou acidities. Waters, mineral, gaseous, Ac.
 — e. Minirales  salines, Waters, mineral, saline —
e. 3finirales sulfureuses, Waters,  mineral, sulfu-
reous—e. Sit/furies, Waters, mineral,  sulfureous.
  EBEAUPIN, MINERAL WATERS OF.   An
acidulous chalybeate, in the department of Loire
Inferieure, near Nantes.
  EBL 01'ISSEMENT, Dazzling.
  EBRIECA'SUM, from ebrius, 'drunk.' A term
employed by Paracelsus to denote a disturbance of
the reason, similar to what occurs in drunkenness.
  EBRIETAS, Temulentia.
  EBRIOSITAS, Temulentia.
  EBULLITIO, Ebullition, Strophulus —e. Sto-
mach i, Ardor  ventriculi, Pyrosis.
  EBULLIT'ION, Ebullil'io, ^Estual'io, Anaz'-
esis, Causis,  from  ebullire, (e  and bullire), 'to
bubble up.'  Boiling; (F.) Bouillonnement.  Tbe
motion of a liquid, by which it gives off bubbles
of vapour, by heat or fermentation.  The boiling
point of liquids varies according  to the pressure
to which they are subjected.   For the point of
ebullition of different substances, see  Heat.
   Ebullition  is used in France, in a vague man-
ner, for  every kind of transient  eruption of the
skin, occurring  without fever  or with a  slight
febrile attack.
   EBULUS,  Sambucus ebulus.
   EBUR,  Ivory, see Tooth.
   EBURNEATIO. Eburnification.
   EBURNIFICA'TIOX,   Eburuifica'tio, Ebur-
nea'tio, Eburna'tion, from  ebnr, 'ivory,' and fio,
 ' to  be made.'  An incrustation of the cartilages
of articular surfaces of bones with phosphate of
lime, which gives them the whiteness and hard-
 ness of ivory ;—Cartilages eburnis.
   EC, (before a vowel, Ex,) t<c, ^f, 'out of, from,
 of.'   Hence, Eccbymoma,  Eclectic, Ac.
   ECAILLE, Scale.
   ECAILLES D'HUITRES, Ostrese testse.
   ECAILLE UN,  Squamous.
   ECBALIA  ELATERIUM, Momordica  elate-
 rium.
   ECBALIUM  AGRESTE,  Momordica  elate-
 rium—e. Officinarum. Momordica elaterium.
   ECBESOMENON, Eventus.
   ECDLOMA, see Abortion.
   ECBOLE,  Abortion.
   ECBOLIC, Abortive.
   ECBOLICUS, Abortive.
   ECBOLIUM ELATERIUM, Momordica  ela-
 terium.
   ECBOLIUS, Abortive.
   ECBRAS'MATA, from  tK^pa^ur, 'I  boil  up.'
 Ecehijm'ata.   Hippocrates uses the word for cer-
 tain burning  eruptions.
   ECCATHARTICUS, Cathartic.
   ECCEPHALO'SIS,   Excerebra'tio,  Cephalo-
 tom'ia, from ck, and KapaXn, ' head.' The removal
 of the brain of the child to facilitate delivery.
   ECCHELYSIS, Expectoration.
   ECCIIORESIS, Defecation.
   EC( IIYLOMA, Suceus expressus.
   ECCIIYMATA, Ecbrasmata.
   ECCIIYMU'MA, Ecellymo'sis, Pelidno'ma, Pe-
 lio'nia, Hypa'ma,  Hypoa'ma,  Hypoa'mia,  from
 ck, and xyiins, 'juice,' 'humour;' Efiilsio, Exsuc-
 ca'tio,  Sttfi'tliio san'guinis.  A  livid,  black,  or
 yellow spot, Lir-or sanguin'eus, produced by blood
 effused into tbe areolar tissue  from a contusion.
 Spontaneous  effusions, occurring  as the result of
 disease or after death,  are  called  suggil/ations.
   Ecciiymoma  Arteriosi'M, see  Aneurism—e.
 Capitis  recens  natorum,  Cephalaematonia — e.
 Hvponychon, Hyponychon — e.   Lymphaticum,
 Ptilegmatia dolens—e.  Melasma,  Melasma.
   ECCHYMOSIS, Ecchymoma.
   ECCI1YSIS, Effusion.
   ECCLISIS, Luxation.
   ECCOPE,  Ec'tome,  Ectom'ia,  from  «,  and 
ECCOPEUS
320
ECLAMPSIA
kotttciv, 'to cut.'  The act of cutting out: also,
a perpendicular division  of the cranium  by a
cutting instrument.   See Entaille.
  ECCOP'EUS.  Same etymon.  A knife or in- j
strument for cutting.   An ancient instrument—j
the raspatory—used in trepanning.              I
  ECCOPROSTJESTHE'SIS.from tK,Konpos, 'ex- j
crement,'  and atadnats,  ' sensation.'  The  sensa- l
tion or desire to evacuate the bowels.
  ECCOPROSIS, Defecation.
  JZCCOPROT'IC,Eccoprot'icus,Ectoprot'ic, from I
£?, and Kottpos, 'excrement'  Mild purgatives or;
laxatives, whose operation is confined to simply ji
clearing out the intestinal canal.
  ECCORTHATTCUS, from ik, and Kop6ato, 'I
collect.'   An  ancient epithet  for  remedies  to
which was attributed the property of evacuating
collections of humours.
  ECCRINOL'OGY,   Eccrinolog" ia,  Eccrisio-
log"ia, from tKKptvia, (ck, and Kptvtjt,) ' I separate,'
and Xoyos,' a discourse.'  A treatise on the secre-
tions.
  ECCRISIOLOGTA,  Eccrinology.
  ECCRISION'OSI, Eccrisionu'si, from eKKptats,
' excretion,'  and  voaos, ' disease.'  Diseases  of
excretion.
  ECCRISIOS'CHESIS,  from   iKKptats, 'excre-
tion,'and <r^£o-if,'retention.'  Arrest or retention
of excretions ; or of a critical evacuation.
  ECCRISIS, Excretion.
  ECCRIT'ICA.   Diseases of the excernent
functions.  The 6th  class  in Good's Nosology.
Also, medicines that act on the excernent system.
Eliminan'tia, Elim'inatives.
  ECCYESIS,  Pregnancy, extra-uterine—e. Ab-
dominalis, Pregnancy, abdominal — e. Ovaria,
Pregnancy, ovarial—e. Tubalis, Pregnancy, tubal.
  ECCY'LIO'SIS, from ik, and  kvXuiv, 'to turn
round.'   3Torbus evolutio'nis.  A disease of evo-
lution or development.
  ECDEMIOMA'NIA, Ecdemion'osus, from ckSij-
peur,  ' I travel about,' and pavta, ' mania.' A mor-
bid desire to be travelling about.
  ECDEMIONOSUS,  Ecdemiomania.
  ECDORA, from ck, and Septa,  'I flay.' Anad'-
ora, Excoria'tio.   Excoriation  in  general, but
more especially of the urethra.
  ECDYSIS, from ckSvut, (ck, and Svor,) 'I pj*t off.' j
Moulting  of the skin of animals.   Desquamation. [
  ECHALOTTE, Eschalotte, Allium Ascalon'- !
icum, Cepa Ascalon'ica.  The schallol.  A species I
of allium, employed in culinary preparations.
  ECHANCRURE (F.) Emargina'tio, Emargi-
natu'ra, Ineisu'ra. A  French word employed by
anatomists to designate depressions  and notches
of various shapes, observed  on  the surface or j
edges of bones.
  ECHANCRURE ETHMOID ALE is  on the
nasal bone, which unites with the ethmoid.   See
Ethmoid.
  ECHANCRURE NAS ALE,  Nasal Notch, be-
longs to the os frontis, and is articulated with the
bones of the nose.
  ECHANCRURE   PAROTIDIENNE  is  a]
triangular space, comprised between the paroti- ;
dean edge of the inferior maxillary bone and the
mastoid process, so called because  it lodges the i
parotid gland.
  ECHANCRURE SCAPULA1RE,TSotch, sca-
pular—i.  Sciatique grande, sec Sciatic Notch—i.
Sciatiqne  petite, see Sciatic Notch.
  ECHARDE, Splinter.
  ECHARPE, Sling.
  ECHARPE  GRANDE et E~. MOYEN, see
Sling—e.  de J.  L. Petit, see  Sling—i. Petite, see i
Sling.
  ECHAUBOULURES  (F.)   Echaubouillure.
Sudam'ina, Hidr-o'a.  A word whose meaning is
not fixed.  It is applied to any eruption on tho
surface of the body, accompanied with pricking
and other uneasy sensations.
  ECU A UF PANTS, Calefacients.
  ECU A UFFEMENS, Chafing.
  ECHAUFFEMENT (F.), Calefac'tio, Excah-
fac'tio, from (F.) ichauffer, (caltfaccre,) 'to make
warm.'  Augmentation  of  heat  in  the  animal
economy; the  symptoms of which are a more
than ordinary  sensation of heat, disposition  to
perspiration,  great  thirst, general indisposition,
flushed countenance, Ac.  It goes off  by the use
of antiphlogistics and abstinence.   In  the vulgar
language it is often  used synonymously with con-
stipation,  and sometimes for simple gonorrhoea,
and for chafing.
  ECHECOL'LON, from tX<», 'I have,'and koXAo,
'glue.'  Echecollum.  Any topical glutinous re-
medy.—Gorneus, Galen.
  ECHELLES DU LHIAgON, Scalas of the
cochlea.
  ECHENEIS, Remora Hildani.
  ECHETROSIS, Bryonia alba.
  ECHID'NA  OCELLA'TA,  Brown  ten-inch-
long viper.   A most  formidable  viper  in the
forests of Peru, the  bite of which is  so rapidly
fatal, that it  kills a strong  man in two or three
minutes.   Tschudi.
  ECHINA'CEA PURPU'REA, from eXtvos, the
hedge hog, owing to the spiny chaff of  the round-
ish disk.   Purple Conefiower, Black Sampson; of
the  Composite Family ;  indigenous in Ohio and
westward; its dull  purple flowers appearing  in
July.   The root is aromatic, and used popularly
as a carminative.
  ECHINE, Vertebral column.
  ECIIINOCOCCUS, HOMINIS,  see Worms—
e. Humanus, Hydatid.
  ECHINODERMI, Porcupine men.
  ECHINOGLOSSUM, Ophioglossum vulgatum.
  ECHINOPIITHAL'MIA.fromtxtm,'ahedge-
hog,' and oipSaXpta,  'inflammation of the eye.'
Ophthalmia of the eyelids, in which the cilia pro-
ject like  the quills of the hedgehog.
  ECHI'NOPS, from  eXivos,  'hedgehog,'  and
(o\l>, 'appearance.'  Crocod.ilion, Acanihal'zitca,
Scabio'sa  carduifio'lia,  Spharocepllala eln'tior,
Echi'nopus,  Echinops  Spharoceph'alus,   Globe
thistle.   The root and  seeds are reputed to be
moderately diuretic.
  ECHINOPUS, Echinops.
  ECHINUS SCANDENS, Allamanda.
  ECHITES  DIFFORMIS, Forsterania diffor-
mis—e. Suberecta, see Curare.
  ECHOS, Sound, Tinnitus aurium.
  ECHOSCOPE. Auscultation.
  ECHOSCOPIUM, Stethoscope.
  ECHTHYSTEROCYESIS, Pregnancy, extra-
uterine.
  ECLACTIS'MA,  Eclamp'sis, Eclamp'sia, Epi-
lamp'sis, Effulgescen'tia, from CKXaKTtljsr, ' I kick.'
Epilepsy is often accompanied with flashings of
light;  and hence Hippocrates has used the last
two words for epilepsy.   They have all been ap-
plied to convulsions.
  ECLAIRE,  Chelidonium  majus — i.  Petite,
Ranunculus ficaria.
  ECLAMP'SIA, from tKXap^is, («, and Xapfa,
'I shine,') 'brilliancy.'   Flashes  of light before
the  eyes.  See Eelactisma.   Convulsion, as the
convulsions of children,  Eclamp'sia  infan'tum,
Epilep'sia acu'ta infan'tum seu febrllis infan'tum
seu pueri'lis, (F.) Convulsions des Enfans, Eclamp-
sie,  but probably from ik, and Xap0avor, Xap^opat,
' to  seize  hold of.'
  Eclamp'sia  Gravida'rum  et Parturien'-
tium;  Puerperal Convulsions,  (F.)  Convulsion* 
I           ECROUELLES
    ECLAMPSIE DES  EN FANS   3

des femmes enceintes et en couche.  Convulsions
of pregnant and parturient women.
  Eclampsia Infantum, see Eclampsia—e. Nu-
tans,  Convulsion,  Salaam — e.  Typhodes, Ra-
phania.
  ECLA3IPSIE DES  ENFANS,  Eclampsia
infantum.
  ECLECTIC, (PHYSICIANS.) Eclec'tici Med'-
ici, from eKXeyto, (ck, and Xeyta,) 'I choose.' A sect
of  physicians,  who  professed  to  choose,  from
other sects, all  the opinions which appeared to
them best founded.   Agathinus of Sparta, master
of  Archigenes of Apamaea, in Syria, was its re-
puted founder; and Archigenes and Aretseuswere
its  greatest ornaments.  The doctrine was called
Eelec'tism, Eclectis'mus,  3Iediclna  eclee'tica,
Eclectic  med'icine.   Every  judicious physician
must be an eclectic.
   ECLECTISM, see Eclectic.
   ECLECTOS, Eclig'ma, Elig'ma, Elix'is, Lam-
biti'vnm, Linetus, Linctua'rium,  from cKXeiXur, (ck,
and Xctgu,)'I lick.'   (F.) Looch.   A medicine,
of  a thick, syrupy consistence, chiefly  used to
allay cough, and consisting of pectoral remedies.
It  was formerly sucked from the end  of a liquo-
rice stick, made into a kind of pencil; hence its
 name Linetus, from lingere, 'to lick.'  Although
 the linetus is usually exhibited in thoracic affec-
 tions, it may have tonic virtues combined with it.
   ECLEGMA ALBUM, Looch album—e. Gum-
 moso-oleosnm, Looch album.
   ECLEIPISIS, Desquamation, Exfoliation.
   ECLEPISIS, Desquamation, Exfoliation.
   ECLEPISITREPANON, Exfoliative  trepan.
   ECLKJMA, Eclectos.
   ECLIMIA, Boulimia.
   ECLIPSIS, Syncope.
   ECU SSI', Splint.
    ECIA'SlvS, Adynamiae.
   EC'LYSIS, Exsohltio; from ekXuw, 'I loosen.'
 Resolution, prostration of strength ; faintness.
    Eci.ysis Pneumo-cardiaca, Asphyxia.
    ECMYZESIS, Exsuctio.
    ECN(EA, Dementia.
    ECOLE, School.
    ECON'OMY, GEconom'ia, from mma, 'a house,'
 'a family,' and vt/xur, ' I rule.'   By the term ani-
 mal economy  is  understood,—the aggregate of the
 laws which govern the organism.   The word eco-
 nomy  is, also,  used  for  the  aggregate  of  parts
 which constitute man or  animals.
    ECORCE, Cortex — i. Cariocostine,  Canella
 alba—i. Eleuthirienne, see Croton  cascarilla—i.
 de Saint Lucie, Cinchonae Caribaeae cortex — i.
 de Winter, see Wintera  aromatica—i. Fausse de
  H'liircr, Canella alba.
    ECOh'iHURES, Chafing, Excoriation.
    ECOULEMENT, Discharge, Gonorrhoea— i.
 Blanc, Leucorrhoea — i. de Sang par VIntestin,
 Haematochezia.
    ECOUVILLON, see Ecouvillonnement.
    ECOUVILLONNEMENT  (V),  from  icou-
 i-illtm, 'a kind  of mop, the sponge of a gun.'  A
 term used by  the French therapeutists for the
 act of cleansing or  applying remedies  to a part
 by means of a mop or  brush fixed to the end of a
 piece of whalebone.  Such mop or brush is termed
 Ecouvillon.
    ECPIILOCOSIS,  Inflammation.
    KCPHLYSIS, Vesicula—e. Herpes, Herpes—
 e. Herpes circinatus, Herpes circinatus—e. Her-
 pes exeden.-. Herpes  exedens—e. Herpes miliaris,
 Herpes phlycta'nodes—c. Herpes  zoster, Herpes
 tester — e. Pompholyx, Pompholyx — e. Rhypia,
 Rupia.
    ECPHRACTIC, Deobstruent.
   ECPI1RAXTS, from cKfpaoau, 'I remove ob-
       21
struction.'   The  action of ecphractic or deob-
struent remedies.
  ECPHRONIA, Insanity—e. Melancholia, Me-
lancholy.
  ECPHYAS, Appendix vermiformis cseci.
  ECTHYMA, Excrescence, Tumour—e. Callus,
Callosity — e.  Caruncula,  Caruncle—e. Clavus,
Corn — e.  OZdematicum, ffidema, Phlegmatia do-
lens—e. Physconia, Physconia — e.  Trichoma,
Plica—e. Verruca, Verruca.
  ECPIIYMATA, Rubeola.
  ECPIIYSE'SIS, Efiia'tio, Effla'tns,  from tKtpv-
aaor,  ' I breathe through.'  Exsufila'tio.  A quick
and forced expulsion of air from the lungs.
  ECPHYSIS, Apophysis —e. Ventriculi, Duo-
denum.
  ECPIES'MA, from ckitu$io, (ik, and met,*,) 'I
compress.'  Effractu'ra,  Impac'tion,  Deces'eio.
A fracture of the cranium, with depression of the
fragments and compression of the brain.
  ECPIES'MOS,  Expres'sio,  Ex'ittts,  Ecpies'-
mon, same etymon.  Celsus uses these words to
signify the  forcing of the eye from the orbitar
cavity, with apparent but not  real augmentation
of the organ.  See Exophthalmia.
  ECPLERO'MA,  from ck, and rrXepou, ' I fill.'
A cushion, a pad.  Hippocrates means, by this
term, a small pad or ball of leather,  or other
substance  intended to fill the hollow of the arm-
pit;  used  probably in reducing luxations  of the
shoulder.
  ECPLEXIA, Stupor.
  ECPLEXIS, Stupor.
  ECPNEUMATOSIS, Expiration.
  ECPNEUSIS,  Expiration.
  EC'PNOE. Expiration.
  ECPTO'MA, Ecpto'sis,  E.cciden'tia;  from  ck-
TtJrro), (ck, and mirror,)  'I fall out.'  This word
has  been  used in  various senses,  1.  Synony-
mously with luxation.  2. For the separation of
grangrenous parts.  3. For the expulsion  of the
secundines.  4. For the prolapsus of tbe womb:
and 5. For intestinal or omental hernia,  Ac.
  ECPTOSIS, Luxation.
  ECPYCTICA. Incrassantia.
  ECl'YEMA, Abscess, Suppuration, Empyema.
  ECPY'ESIS, Abscess, Empyema, Pustule —e.
ImpeDlgo,  Impetigo—e. Porrigo, Porrigo—e. Por-
rigo Crustacea, Porrigo larvalis—e. Porrigo favosa.
Porrigo favosa — e. Porrigo  furfuracea,  Porrigo
furfurans — e.  Porrigo galeata, Porrigo scutulata
—e.  Porrigo lupinosa, Porrigo lupinosa—e. Sca-
bies, Psora.
  ECPYETICUS, Suppurative.
  ECPYISCONTUS,  Suppurative.
  ECRASEUR,  'a crusher,'  from icraser,  'to
crush.'  A  surgical instrument invented  by  M.
Chassaignac, of  Paris, which  consists of a steel
chain, like that  of a chain-saw devoid of teeth,
which is attached at both ends  to a steel  mandril,
which passes  through a hollow steel  cylinder.
The  tightening of the chain  is made slowly and
with  great force, and in the last modification  of
the instrument is effected by an endless screw
with a lever handle, working on a nut cogged on
its outer  side, which  plays on a thread cut  on
the mandril.  The slow bruising it makes is said
to be rarely  followed by hemorrhage, even  in the
case  of hemorrhoids, and other vascular tumours.
  ECREVISSF, Crab.
  ECREXTS, Rnptu'ra, from  eKpnyvvpi, (ck, and
pnyvvfit,) 'to break.'  Rupture, laceration.
  ECRHYTH'MUS, ck, and  pv&pos,  •rhythm.'
A  term  applied  to the  pulse,  particularly when
irregular.—Galen.
  ECROE, Discharge.
  ECROUELLES, Scrofula—£ 31isentiriqucs,
Tabes mesenterica. 
ECRYSIS
32 2
ECZEMA
  EC'RYSIS, from cxpeor, 'I run  from.'  A dis- ||
charge.
  ECSARCO'MA, from  ck, and aapl, 'flesh.   A
fleshy  excrescence of various kinds.  See  Fun-
gosity, and Sarcoma.
  ECSESMA. Eczema.
  ECSTASIS, from c^tarnpt, (ff, and  tarript,) 'I
am beside  myself.'  An  ec'stacy or trance, Cants
ec'stasis, Calochtts, Ex'stasis, Catalep'sia spu'ria,
Hyperjr/exie, (F.) Extase.  A state in  which cer-
tain ideas so completely absorb the mind, that the
external sensations are suspended, the voluntary
movements  arrested,  and  even the vital action
retarded.  In catalepsy, there is, in addition, com-
plete  suspension  of  the  intellectual  faculties.
This  last condition  is  in  general  described as
trance.   See, also, luxation.
  ECSTROPHE, Exstrophia.
  ECTASIA, Aneurism—e. Venarum, Varix.
  ECTASIS. Extension, Expansion.
  Ec'tasis 1'iums, is the extension or expansion
of tbe iris, which occasions diminution of the pupil.
  ECTEXIS. Colliquation.
  E C TII E TOBREPHOTROPHEUM, Brepho-
tropheum.
  ECTHLIM'MA, Exulcera'tio, from ckSXiQut, 'I
express.'   'I bruise.'   Attrition.   Chafing, or
excoriation,  produced by  external  violence.—
Hippocrotes.
  ECTHLIPSIS, Expression.
  ECTHYMA or ECTHY'MA,  from £«5uw, 'I
break out.' Ecpye'sis, Phlysis ecthyma. Phlyza'cia
a'gria,  Sca'bies  Vera, Fnrun'citli a ton'' ici, Pap' u-
lous Seal I, (F.) Dartre crustacic, D. fongneuse.  A
cutaneous eruption, characterized  by large round
pustules, always distinct and seated upon an  indu-
rated and  highly inflamed base.  In  the course
of a day or two the pustules generally break, and
olive-brown  incrustations  are formed which ad-
here firmly to the skin.  These separate in about
a  fortnight.   The disease  requires the antiphlo-
gistic  treatment.  Under the Eethymata, Vogel
has designated certain  hard,  unequal tumours
which appear transitorily  on the  skin.  See Ef-
florescence, Exanthem, and Pustule.
   ECTHYSTEROCYESIS,  Pregnancy, extra-
uterine.
   ECTILLOTICUS, Depilatory.
   ECTILMOS,  Evulsion.
   ECTOME,  Castration,  Eccope, Entaille, Ex-
cision.
   ECTOMIA, Castration,  Eccope.
   ECTOM1 US, Castratus.
   ECTOXIOX. Helleborus niger.
   ECTOPAG'TA,  (F.)  Ectopagie,  from  cktos,
'outwards,' and irnyvvpt,  'to put together.'  A
genus of double monsters,  having  a common um-
bilicus, comprising those which are united  natu- j
rally  throughout the whole extent of the thorax.
   ECTOPARASITES, Epizoa.
   ECTOPHYTE, Ectopllyton, from cktos,  ' out-
side,'  and  tjrvTuv, 'a  vegetable.'   A  vegetable
parasite, which grows on the surface of the  body.
   ECTOPTA, Ectop'isis,  Ectopisrrlus, Entoce'le,
Situs abe'nns seu perver'sus seu muta'tus, Anorno-
topie, — Piorry, from ck, and ronos, 'out of place.'
Morbid displacement of parts.   See Luxation.
   Ectopia Ani, Proctocele.
   Ectopia Cordis, Cardianas'trophe.  Displace-
ment, dislocation, or unnatural position of the
heart.
   Ectopia Herniosa, Hernia— e. Splenis, Sple-
nectopia.
   ECTOPOCYS'TICUS, from  cktohos, 'out  of
place,' and kvhtis, ' bladder.'  A disease depend-
ent upon displacement of  the bladder.
   ECTOPROTIC, Eccoprotic.
   ECTOZO'A, (sing. Ectozo'on.,) Extozo'a,  Exto-
zoa'ria, (F.)  Extozoaires; from cktos, 'outside,'
and  fuov, 'an  animal.'  Parasitic animals that
infest tbe exterior of the body,—as lice.  A term
which, like Ilelmin'thia crrat'ica, Psetidohelmiii'-
thes, and I'seud.opar'asitcs,  is  applied, also,  to
worms or larves of insects that have been intro-
duced into the intestinal canal by accident.  Ani-
malcules, most frequently  swallowed, are the
hairworm, leech, grub of the fly, caddy insect—
Phala'/ta penguina'/is ,- the larve of the bee, the
spider,  the  triton palns'tris, lacer'ta  aqutit'ica,
Ac.  In animals, bots are produced by swallowing
the ova of the oestrus or gadfly.   See Helmintbia
erratica.
  ECTRIM'MA, from cKrpifiur, (ck, and rpifa,)  <l
rub  off'  Ulceration of  the skin ; and particu-
larly that which arises from  the pressure of the
bed  on different parts of the body, after a pro-
tracted confinement.—Hippocrates.
  ECTRODACTYL'IA.from cKxpurats, 'abortion,'
and  SoktvXos, ' a finger.' A malformation, in which
one or more fingers or toes are wanting.
  ECTROG"ENY,   Ectrogerlia,  Eetrogen'esis,
from cKTpiaats,  'abortion,' and ycvtais, 'generation.'
Monstrosity by defect.—Serres.
  ECTRO'MA, Abortion.
  ECTRO'MELES, from eKrpwats, 'abortion,'and
pcXos, ' a, limb.' A genus  of monsters, in which
the limbs are  nearly  or altogether deficient,  as in
the ordinary cetacea.—I. G.  St. Hilaire.
  EC'TROPE,  Divertic'ulum, from CKTperrm, (ck,
and  Tpeirur,) 'I turn  off,' 'divert.'  Any duct by
which  peccant or morbific matter was supposed to
be drawn off.—Hippocrates.
  ECTROPION,   same  etymon.  Eetrop'inm,
Ever'sio palpebra,  Blepharopto'sis Ectro'pinm,
Blepharoto'sis,  Palpebra   infe'rior extror'sum
flexa,  Divariea'tio seu Reflex'io  seu Reel inn'tin
palpebrarum, (F.)  FJraillement des  Pnupihes,
Renversemeut   des  Paupieres.   Eversion of tho
eyelids, so that they  do not completely  cover the
globe of the eye.  It happens more commonly  to
the lower than to the upper eyelid.  It may be
owing to the retraction of the skin, after the cure
of an ulcer, wound, or burn  of  the.eyelid;  or it
may depend on tumefaction or relaxation of the
conjunctiva.  In  the majority of cases, removal
of a portion of the conjunctiva  will effect a cure;
but  there are  many which  defy  the efforts of art,
The ancients  called Ectropion of the upper eyelid
laqophthalmia.
  ECTROSIS, Abortion.
  ECTROSMOS.  Abortion.
  ECTROT'IC, from eKrpoipa, (ck, and  rirpwirirw,
'I wound,') 'abortion.' Ectrolicus, Abortive. An
epithet applied- to  methods for preventing the
development  or causing the abortion of any dis-
ease— as  of  chancres  by  the  use of caustic;
small-pox pustules  by the use of mercurial oint-
ment,  Ac.
  ECTYLOTICUS, Catheretie.
  ECTYMPANOSIS, Tympanites.
  ECUMEUX, Frothy.
  ECUSSOXS.  'Escutcheons  or shields.' Plas-
ters spread upon the skin ; or small bags—sachets
—of the shape of escutcheons, filled with odorous
powders, which are applied on the  skin.  See
Sachet.
  ECZEMA,  from ck^w, (ck,  and £«*,) 'I boil
out,' ' I effervesce.'   Eczes'ma, Ecses'ma, Pits'tula
aniens, Cytis'ma Eczema, Humid Scall or Tetter,
 Running Seal/, (F.) Dartre  squammetise hitmide,
D.  vine,  Gale ipidimiqite.  Heat eruption.  Au
eruption  of small vesicles on various parts of the
skin, usually  set close or crowded together; with
little or no inflammation around  their bases, and
unattended by fever.
   Eczema  Capitis,  E. of the hairy scalp.
   Eczema of the Face,  at an advanced stage, 
ECZEMATOSES            323                EFFUSION
and occurring in young children, has been  de- I
scribed under the names Crusta  lactea and Por- |
ri'/'i larvalis.
  Ec'zkma of the  Hairy Scalp, Eczema cap'i-
tis,  Veiic'idar scall,  is  often  confounded with
other  affections,  under  the  names Porrigo and
Tinea, which are pustular, not vesicular, in their
form.  It occurs during dentition, and even after-
wards, and the discharge is so profuse, that the
head  appears as  if dipped  in  some glutinous
liquid.  By and by, the secretion dries into crusts
nnd mats the hair into little separate tufts.  The
scalp  gives evidence of inflammatory excitement,
and the lymphatic ganglions of  the neck are apt
to become inflamed and suppurate.
   A variety of humid scalled head, in which the
humour  from the excoriated surface  runs down
upon  the hairs, and encloses them  in little silvery
pellicles or sheaths, has received the name Asbes-
 ttiH Scall.
   Ec'zema  Impeticino'des,  Gall,  Grocers'  or
 Bricklayers' Itch.   Produced by the irritation of
 sugar or lime.
   Ec'zema  Mekccria'lb, E. rubrum,  Erythe'ma
 mercuria'le  seu   ichoro'sum,  Hydrargyria, Hy-
 dra rgy r-o'sis. Hydra rgyrl as is, 3Torb itsmerciiria'l is,
 jhrcu'rial  lepra or rash.   A variety of eczema,
 arising from the  irritation of mercury.  The treat-
 ment is chiefly palliative, consisting  in  ablution
 with  mucilaginous infusions or  decoctions ; mild
 dressings, where the cuticle has exfoliated ; avoid-
 ing all irritation ; keeping the bowels open; with
 the use of sulphuric acid and cinchona.
   Eczema Rubrum, Eczema mercuriale.
   ECZEMATO'SES, (G.) Eczematosen, same
 etymon.  A family of diseases,  in the classifica-
 tion of Fuchs, including morbid conditions of the
 cutaneous secretions—as  of the perspiration, se-
 baceous and colouring matters, Ac,  and hence
 many chronic cutaneous affections.  His subdi-
 visions  are, ephidroses,  smegmorrhcea,  acarpa,
 pnh/carpa, and  monocar-pa.
   ECZKSIS. Effervescens.
   ECZESMA, Eczema, Lichen tropicus.
   EDEMATOUS, CEdematous.
   EDENTATUS, Edentulus.
   EDENTULT, Nefrendes.
   EDEN'TUL0US,&/e»ra'reo5, Eden'tulns, Eden-
 la'tits, from e, and  dens, dentis,  'a tooth.'  Allo-
 dia,  Carens den'tibus, ATodes, ATodus, (F.) Edenti,
 One  without teeth.   This defect can  only be
 remedied by artificial means.  See Nefrendes.
   EDKRA, Hedera helix.
   EDIBLE, Esculent.
   EDOCEPHALE, from atSota,  the 'sexual or-
 gans,' and KctpaXri, 'head.'  A monster, which has
 the two ears near each  other, or united under the
 bend, the jaws atrophied; no mouth,  and above
 tbe eye a tube (tr-ompe) resembling a penis.—I.
 (J. St. Hilaire.
   EDROPPIT,  Hydropic.
   EDUCATIO INFANTUM, Predia.
   EDULCORA'TION,  Glycarlsis, Edulcora'tio,
 from e, and dulcis, 'sweet.'  An operation, the
 object of which   is to  deprive a substance of its
 acrid and disagreeable taste, or at least to disguise
 it.  Also, the addition  of a saccharine substance
 to a medicine, whose taste it is desirable to modify
 agreeably.
   MnULE. Comestible.
   EDULIS, Comestible.
   EE, Eye.
   EESKIX. Singultus.
   EEWIXKER, Palpebra.
   EF'FEREXT, Efferens, Centrifugal, Exod'ic,
 from effero, (e, nnd' ferre,) ' I carry,' ' transport.'
 Conveying  outwards, as from  the centre to the
 periphery.
  Vasa efferen'tia are those  lymphatic or chyli-
ferous vessels which issue from the glands to con-
vey their lymph to the  thoracic duct; so called
to distinguish  them  from those which  pass to
those glands, and which have been termed  vasa
affererltia seu inferen'tia.  Also, nerves that con-
vey the nervous influence from the nervous cen-
tres to the circumference.  See Afferent.
  At the  upper  extremity of the  mediastinum
testis,  the  ducts  of  the rete  testis terminate in
from 9 to 30 small ducts, called  vasa efferentia,
which  forms the  Coni vasculo'si.
  EFFERVES'CENCE,  Effervescen'tia, Zesis,
Ec'zesis, from effervescere, (e,  and fervescere,) 'to
grow hot.'   That agitation, which is produced by
the escape of gas through a liquid, independently
of the  heat of the mixture ; such, for instance, as
results from the mixture of acetic acid and  car-
bonate of potassa.
  In Pathology it has a similar signification.  It
expresses,  in  the language of the humorists, a
sort of ebullition in  the fluids of the living body,
produced  either  by  elevation of temperature or
by the  reaction  on each other of the principles
contained in the  fluids in circulation.
  EFFETUS, Impoverished.
   EFFICA'CIOUS,  Ef'ficax, from  efficere,  (e,
and f'acere,) ' to  accomplish.'  That  which pro-
duces a great effect,—as 'an  efficacious remedy.'
  3Ictlici'na  efficiix.  La 3Iidecine efiicace, is a
term sometimes applied to surgery.
   EFFILA, Ephelides.
  EFFLATIO, Ecphysesis.
  EFFLATUS, Ecphysesis.
   EFFLORATIO, Exanthem.
   EFFLORES'CENCE, Efflora'tio, Efflorescerl -
tia,  from efilorescere,  (e, and  florescere,)  'to blow
as a flower.' Stribillgo, Ecthy'ma.
  In Pathology, efflorescence has  the same mean-
ing as exanthema; and, in the nosology of Sau-
vages, the name is given to that order of  diseases.
Sometimes, it is confined  to  the cutaneous blush,
the exanthe'sis of Good.
   Efflorescence is, also, the conversion of a solid
substance into a  pulverulent state by exposure to
the air.  In salts this  is generally owing to the
loss of a part of  their water of crystallization.
   EFFL ORESCEXCE Ell YS1PELA TEUSE,
Roseola;.
   EFFLORESCENTIA, Exanthem.
  EFFLORESCENTLE, Elevures.
   EFFLUYIUM, Emanation — e. Latrinarium,
3Iitte—e. Palustre, Miasm, Marsh.
   EFFLUXION, Abortion.
   EFFORT, (e, and fortis, 'strong.')  .Visits, Co-
na'tus, Peira.  A muscular contraction of greater
or less strength,  the object of which  is,  either to
resist an external force, or to accomplish a func-
tion, which has  become naturally laborious.—
such are, the  act of pushing away,  or of drawing
a body towards us, and the more or less painful
efforts used by the mother to  cause the expulsion
of the foetus.   In France, the word effort is often
used synonymously with hernia; and  signifies,
likewise, the  painful twitches of muscles, occa-
sioned  by over-exertion, or  by  tbe  rupture of
some of their fleshy fibres.  Sauvages calls Efforts
des reins,  Lumba'go d nisu, the pain in the  loins
occasioned by bearing too heavy  a burden.
   EFFORT,  Hernia—e. des Reins, see Effort.
  EFFOSSIO, Exhumation.
  EFFRACTURA, Ecpiesma.
  Effractu'ra  Cn\y]i,Enthla'sis Cnlnii, Frac-
ture of the  Cranium, with depression.—Pare.
  EFFREXTTATIO, Hypercatharsis.
  EFFUSIO, Effusion—c.  S-minis, Ejaculation.
  FjFFVSIO'S,Effa'sio,Ec'chysis, from effnndere,
(e, and fundere, fiusum,) 'to pour out.'  (I',) Epan- 
E~GARfi                 324            EL.EOPIIANES
chement,  (Infiltration is the term generally em-
ployed for effusion into  the areolar  membrane.
The pouring out of blood or  of any other fluid
into the  areolar membrane, or into the cavities
of the body.  The effusion of serum or of coagu-
lable  lymph, for instance, is a common  result of
inflammation of serous membranes.
  EGARE, Wild.
  EGAREMEXT D'ESPRIT,   Delirium,  In-
sanity.
  EGER, MINERAL WATERS  OF THE.   In
the valley of the Eger, at the western extremity of
Bohemia, there are several acidulous springs. One
of the most frequented of these is Franzensbad.
  EGE'RIA.   In ancient  mythology, a nymph
to whom  pregnant females offered sacrifices ut
conceptus alvus facilius egeretur.   By some, sup-
posed to  have been identical with Lucina.
  EGESTA, see Excretion.
  EGESTAS, Want.
  EGESTIO, Defecation, Dejection, Excretion.
  EGGBED. Ovarium.
  EGO-BRANDY, see Ovum.
  EGG-PLANT, Solanum melongena—e. White
of,  Albumen ovi.
  EG LAN TIER  DE CHI EN, Rosa canina—e.
Sauvage.  Rosa canina.
  EGOBRONCTIOPHONY", see Egophony.
  EGOPHOXE, Egophony.
  EGOPII'OXTC, jEgopho'nicns, (F.)  Egopho-
nique.  Same etymon as the next.  Having the
character of, or relating to, egophony.
  EGOPHOX/Q UE, Egophonic.
  EGOPII'ONY, uEgopho'nia, from aif, atyos, 'a
goat,'and iporvn, 'voice.'  Caprilo'quium, Trngo-
pho'nia, Goat's Voice, Bleating Voice, (F.) Ego-
phonie, Voix chivrotante seu igophonique seu de
Polichinelle seu sinile, Pectoriloquie  cliivrotante.
Laennec has designated  by this  name, the kind
of  resonance  of  the voice heard through  the
stethoscope, when we examine the chest of one
labouring under moderate effusion into one of the
pleurae.  The voice, which strikes the  ear through
the cylinder, is more sharp and harsh  than usual,
and tremulous and broken, like that of  the goat.
The patient himself is called Egophone.   Bouil-
laud affirms,  that  the  'bronchial and  bleating
voice,' (igobronchophonie.) is the  principal symp-
tom of pleuropneumonia.  Egophony exists, how-
ever, in  cases of hepatization where  there is no
pleural disease.
   EGREGOR'SIS, Vigil'ia, Vigilla,  Vigilarltia-,
 Vigileltio,  Vigil'inm, from cypeyopeur, 'I  watch.'
Watchfulness.  A. morbid want of sleep.—Galen.
   EGRESSUS VENTRICULI, Pylorus.
   EIDOS,  ttSos, 'form, resemblance.'  The « is
often changed into  or, at  the  termination of a
word.  Thus, Hamato'i'des or Hamato'des.
   EILAMIDES, Meninges.
   EILE'MA, from etXeos, Ileus,  (ct^cot, 'I roll,')
 ' a convolution.'  Vogel has given this name to
a fixed pain,  occupying  some  portion of the in-
testinal canal, which the patient compares to the
sensation that would be produced by a nail driven
into  the part.
   EILEON, Ileon.
   EILEUS, Ileus.
   EILOID, (Tumour,)  Eiloi'des, from  ctXcor, 'I
roll,' and ctSos, 'resemblance.' A morbid growth
 of the cutis, coiled or folded.
   EILSEN, MINERAL WATERS OF.   Eilsen
is about six German  miles  from Hanover, at the
foot  of the Harrelberg.  It has  eleven springs,
 of which seven are sulphureous and four chaly-
beate.
   EISANTHE'MA, Exanthe'ma inter'num, En-
tanthe'ma, from cts, 'within,'  and avdr/pa, ' efflo-
     ice.  An eruption on a mucous membrane:
—aphthae, for example.
  EISBOLE, Attack, Injection.
  EISPNOE,  Inspiration.
  EJACULATIO, Ejaculation — e. Seminis Im.
pedita, Bradyspermatismus.
  EJACULATION, Ejacula'tio, from c, nnd ;•/.
cttlor, (itself from jacere,) 'I throw.' Gonobol'iu,
Goriobolis'mus, Ejaculatio seu Profiu'sio seu Effu!-
sio Sem'inis, Exjiatra'tio, Pat ra'tio, Sp, rninb'ole.
The  emission  of  sperm.   That  which  occcrs
during  coition has  been termed  Inseminn'tinn.
The act, by which that fluid is darted out through
the urethra.
  EJACULA'TOR.  Same etymon.  Thatwhich
effects  the emission  of sperm.   See Transversa
perinaei.
  Ejaculator Seminis, Accelerator urinae.
  EJACULATORY, Ejaculato'rius, Ejae'ulnns;
same  etymon.  (F.)  Ejaculateur, Ejavulittoire,
Concerned in the ejaculation  of sperm.
  Ejaculatory Ducts  or Canals, (F.) Conduits
ou Canaux ijaculateurs, are formed by the union
of the vasa deferentia with the ducts of the vesi-
culae  seminales.  Tbey open at the lateral and
anterior parts of the verutnontanum, and convey
into  the urethra  the sperm which is discharged
from the  vesiculae, as well as that which comes
directly from the testicle by  the vas deferens.
Between them there is  often a depression, some-
times of a large size, which is termed Utrie'uliui,
U. prostalicus, Vesi'ca  seu vesr'c'ula prostat'itu,
Sinus jr/rcufa'ris seu pros'tata, Corpus'ciilumWib-
eria'nnm, Webe'rian organ or  corpuscle, which
has been  regarded as the analogue to the uterus
in the female, and thence called  U'terus maseu-
Units.
  EJECTIO,  Excretion—c. Fsecum, Defecation.
  EJECTION, Ejec'tio, from ejicere, ejection, (e,
and jacere,) 'to throw out or eject.'  The excre-
tion of the faeces, urine, sputa, Ac.
  EL  NISPERO, Sapota.
  ELABORATION, Elabora'tio, from  e, and
laborare,  laboratum, 'to work.'  This word is
used,  by physiologists, to  signify  the various
changes which substances  susceptible  of assimi-
lation  undergo,  through  the   action  of living
organs, before they are capable of serving for nu-
trition.  The food is said to be elaborated in the
stomach  during  the formation  of chyme; tbo
chyme is elaborated in  the small intestine before
it is chyle, Ac.
  ELyEA, Olea Europaea.
  ELiEAGNUS, Myrica gale—e. Cordo, Myricn
gale.
  ELiEOCARPUS COPALLIFERUS, Copal.
  ELjEOCEROLE, Cerate.  .
  ELiEOM'ELI, from eXatov, 'oil,' and pch,
'honey.'   Dioscorides  means,  by this, an oil
thicker than honey, and of a sweet taste, which
flows  from  the trunk of a tree in Syria.  It is
acrid  and purgative; and  sometimes occasions
serious symptoms, according  to  that author.—
Gorrasus.
   EL^EOM'ETER, from eXaiov, 'oil,' and piTfov,
'measure.'  A very delicate glass hydrometer, tor
testing the purity of olive or almond oil, by de-
termining their densities.   The 0 or  zero of the
scale is the point at which the  instrument  floats
in the oil of  poppy seeds.  In  pure olive oil,  it
floats  at 50°,  and the space between these points
is divided into 50 equal parts, and numbered ac-
cordingly.  It floats at 38° or 38i° in pure  oil of
almonds.
   ELyEON, Oil.
   ELiEOPIl'ANES, from eXatov, 'oil,' and fw<>-
pat, T appear.'  That which  has the appearance
of oil,- as Ui'i'ua elaoph'anes. 
ELJEO-SACCIIARUM
32
ELECTUARIUM
  EL.EO-SACCIIARUM, from eXatov, 'oil,' and
easvap,  'sugar.'   O'leo-Sac'charunt,  Balsamo-
Sac'charum, (F.)  OUosaccharoli.   A  medicine,
composed of essential oil and sugar.  It was made
by pouring upon an  ounce of sugar, reduced  to
an impalpable powder, ^ss or gj of an essential
nil;  the mixture  being triturated  until the two
substances were perfectly united.—Rolfink.
  ELAIX, see Fat.
  FLA IS GUINEENSIS, see Cocos butyracea—
e. Occidentalis, see Cocos butyracea.
  ELAN, Cervus alces.
  ELAA'i'RMENT,  see Lancinating.
  ELAPIIOBOSCUM, Pastinaca sativa.
  ELAPIKIM'YCES GRANULATUS, E. offici-
na'lis, (iXctpas, 'a  stag,' and pvKtjs, 'a fungus.')
Lyroperdon  cervi num,  Cervi  Bole'tus, Bole'tus
cerri'nits, Tuber cervi'num, Hart's  Truffles, Deer
 Halls, Lycaperdtrn  nuts.   Nat.  Order;  Fungi.
 Formerly used in the preparation of a Balsamus
tijwplecticits, and to promote labour and the secre-
 tion  of milk.   Given, also,  as  an aphrodisiac.
 Dose, t^iss, in powder.
   KLAPIIRIUM  ELEMIFERUM, see Amyris
 elemifcra—e. Tomentosum, Fagara octandra.
   ELA PSl'S,  Luxation.
   ELAS'MA, from cXavvur, 'I drive up.'  A clyster
 pipe.—Linden.
   ELASTES.  Elasticity.
   EI.ASTIC1XE, see Fibrous.
   ELASTICITY, Elttstic"itas, El ater, Elas'tes,
 Elates, Vis elas'tica, Tone, Tonic"ity, (F.) Con-
 traetiliti de Tissu, Contraeti/iti par difattt d'ex-
 teiisimi, from eXavvw,  'I impel,' cXaarrjs, 'a driver.'
 The  property by which certain bodies return to
 their proper  size  and shape, where  these have
 been mollified by pressure  or otherwise.  It is
 [(assessed  by the dead  as well as  by the  living
 solid.
   ELATE. Pinus picea—e. Theleia, Pinus rubra.
   KLATER, Elasticity.
   ELATERINE, see Momordica elaterium.
   ELATERIUM, Extractum elaterii,  Momordica
 elaterium—e. Cordifolium, Momordica elaterium.
   ELATES, Elasticity.
   ELATIX, see Momordica elaterium.
   ELATINE, Antirhinum elatine — e. Cymbala-
 ria, Antirhinum  linaria—e. Hastata, Antirhinum
 elatine.
   ELISOCK, Elbow.
   ELBOW, Sax. elbosa, from ell,  and bow; the  j
 bend of the ulna.   Cu'bitus, Ancon, Pecht/s, Ulna,
  Umbir, (Sc.)  Elbock, Elbuck, (F.)  Coude.  This
 word, abstractedly, means  the angle  formed  by
 the union of two straight bodies.   It is particu-
 larly applied to the  articulation  of  the arm with
 the forearm,  and especially  to  the   projection
 farmed by the olecranon process at the posterior
 part of the joint.
   Ei.bow, Miners', see Miners' Elbow.
   EL1SUCK, Elbow.
   KLCA.l A, Triehilia emetica.
   ELCOMA, Ulcer.
   ELCOPLASTY, Helcoplasty.
   ELCO'SIS,  Helco'sis, Etco'rna, Helco'ma, from
  <**•>?, '1111 ulcer.'   Ulceration in  general.  An
 ulcer. A deep ulceration  of the cornea, in con-
 sequence of a  blow or of violent inflammation.—
 Ualen, Pare.
   Sauvages applies  the term to a state  of  the
 hi'dy, in which there  are numerous ulcerations of
 nn obstinate character, complicated with caries,
 ptitrescencv, low fever, Ac.
   ELCUSTER, Embryulcus.
   ELDER,  Sambucus — e.  Common,  Sambucus
 Canadensis—e. Dwarf, Aralia hispida, Sambucus
 ebulus — e. Prickly,  Aralia spinosa — e. Redber-
 fied, Sambucus pubens.
  ELECAMPANE, Inula helenium
  ELECTRICITAS,  Electricity — e.  Animalis,
Galvanism—e.  Galvanica,  Galvanism—e. Metal-
lica, Galvanism.
  ELECTRICITY, Electric"itas, from nXcKrpov,
'amber,'—the substance in which it was first no-
ticed.  Electricity is used  medicinally as  an ex-
citant.  It has  been occasionally employed with
success in paralysis, rheumatism, accidental deaf-
ness,  amaurosis,  amenorrhcea, Ac, but it  is un-
certain, and not much used ; and the cases are not
always clear in which it could be of service.  It
may be communicated by means of the  electric
bath — Bain ilectrique,  as it has  been  called;
which consists in  placing the  patient upon  an
insulated stool,  and connecting him with the prime
conductor, of which he thus becomes a part. The
fluid  may be communicated by points, sparks, or
by shocks, according to the required intensity.
  Electricity, Chemical, Galvanism — e. Con-
tact,  Galvanism — e. Magnetic, Electro-Magne-
tism—e. Voltaic,  Galvanism.
  ELECTRIFY, from electric,  and fio,  'I
make.'  (F.) Electriser.   To produce the  electri-
cal condition in  a body,  or  to render it suscep-
tible  of producing electrical phenomena.   It is
often used to signify the  act of communicating
the electric fluid  to man.
  ELECTRISER, to electrify.
  ELECTRO'DES, from  vXtKTpov,  'amber,' and
eiSos,  'resemblance.'  An  epithet for evacuations,
which shine like  amber.—Hippocrates, Foesius.
  ELECTRO-LITHOT'RITY.  The disintegra-
tion of calculi in  the bladder  by the mechan-
ical  force of the  electrical discharge, applied  by
an appropriate  apparatus.
  ELECTRO-MAG'NETISM, 3lagnclic elec-
tric"ity.   An electro-magnetic apparatus is occa-
sionally used in cases of paralysis.  A convenient
form  consists of  a battery of six curved  perma-
nent magnets, and an intensity armature, around
whose cylinders 1500 yards of fine insulated cop-
per wire are coiled. The  ends of the wire commu-
nicate respectively, with  a pair of directors, each
of which holds  a  piece of  sponge, dipped in vine-
gar  or  a  solution  of  common  salt.   When the
armature is rotated, and a portion of the body is
interposed between the directors, a succession of
shocks is received.
  ELECTROPUNCTURE.jCTecrro^inicriuVr/oii,
Eleetrostix'is, Gal'vanopuncture.  The operation
of inserting two  or more wires, and  then con-
necting them to the poles of the galvanic appa-
ratus.
 ' ELECTROSTIXIS, Electropuncture.
  ELECTRUM.  Succinum.
  ELECTUAIRE, Electuarium — e. Dentifrice,
Dentifrice—e. Simple, Conserva.
  ELECTUA'RIUM, Electa't-ium, Opia'tum, (Old
Eng.)  Allectuary, an  Electuary, (F.)  Electuaire
Saccharoli  mint,  from  eligere, elect urn,  'to make
choice.'  A pharmaceutical composition of a soft
consistence, somewhat thicker than honey, and
formed of powders, pulps, extracts, syrup, honey,
Ac.   In the  London and  American  Pharma-
copoeias, electuaries are  classed under Confec-
tions.
  Electuarium de Aloe, Opiatum mesentericum
—e. Aperiens, Confectio  senna?—e. Aromaticum,
Confectio aromatica—e. Cassia?, Confectio  cassia?
— e. Cassise fistulae, Confectio cassiae — e. Cassias
sennae, Confectio  senna?—e. Cassiae tamarindatum
seu lenitivum, Confectio cassias—e. Catechu, Con-
fectio catechu compositum—e.  Catholicum com-
mune, Confectio  senna? — e. Cinchona?, Opiatum
febrifugum — e. de Croco emendatum, Confectio
hyacinthi — e. Diaprunum, Confectio  sennae — e.
Eccoproticuin, Confectio sennas—e. de Kina kina, 
ELECTUARY             326               ELEVATOR
Opiatum febrifugum — e. Laxativum, Confectio
C;l?siiV-_e. Lenitivum, Confectio senna?—e. Opia-
tum, Confectio opii—e. Piperis, Confectio piperis
— e.  Scammonii.  Confectio  scammonia? — e.  e
Scammonio,  Confectio scammonise — e. Senna?,
Confectio sennae—e. Sennas compositum, Confectio
senna?—e. Sennae cum pulpis, Confectio  sennae —
e. Solidum,  Tabella —e. Thebaicum, Confectio
opii.
   ELECTUARY, Electuarium—e. Lenitive, Con-
fectio sennae.
   ELEEXCEPIIALE,  from  eXatov, 'oil,'  and
eyKc-paXov. 'encephalon.'  A fatty matter found by
Couerbe in the encephalic neurine.
   ELELISPHACOS, Salvia.
   EL'EMENT, Elernen'tum,  from  ancient  eleo
for oleo, 'to grow' [?], Princip'ium, P. Primitl-
vum, Stoichei'on.  A simple, ultimate constituent
or principle  in the human body, which forms the
basis of a fibre or tissue. Also, a constituent of
a compound organ.   Tbe inorganic elements are
simple  principles.   An  organic element,  jvoxi-
mate principle or compound of  organization, re-
sults from  the union of certain inorganic ele-
ments.   Oxygen,  hydrogen, carbon, and azote,
are  inorganic  elements; fibrin, albumen, osma-
zome, Ac, organic elements.
   Elements, Organic, Principles, immediate—e.
 Sarcous. see Sarcous.
   ELEMENTARY  CELL, see Cell.
   ELEMEXTUM  ACIDIFICUM, Oxygen.
   ELEMI, Amyris elemifera.
   ELENIUM, Inula helenium.
   ELEO'CIIARIS  PALUS'TRIS, Scirpus pa-
 ins'Iris;  indigenous.    Orel.   Cyperacea?.   The
 flowering tops, seeds and roots are astringent, and
 have been used in diarrhoea and hemorrhage.
   ELEOLES, Olea medicinalia.
   ELEOSELTNUM, Apium petroselinum.
   ELEPHANTI'ASIS,  Elephantla,   Elephan-
 tias'mus, El'ephas,  Laz'ari morbus seu malum,
 I'hicnie"eus morbus, Phtjmato'sis Elephantiasis,
 from cXttpas. cXctpavTos,  'an  elephant.'   Various
 affections  have been  described  under this name,
 by adding an epithet.   It is ordinarily and gene-
 rically applied  to a condition, in which the skin
 is thick, livid, rugous, tuberculate, and insensible
 to feeling.                           •
   Elephantiasis of  the Antilles, Barba'does
 Leg, Gland'ular disease of Barbadoes, (F.) Jambes
 de Barbade, is the Elephantiasis of many writers,
 Bucne'mia.   It is characterized by the  leg being
 enormously tumid  and misshapen; skin  thick-
  ened,  livid, and  rugous,  often scaly; scrotum,
  arms,  or other parts  sometimes participating  in
  the  affection.  The Bucne'mia  Trop'ica, Cochin
  leg. is  an affection of  this kind.
    Elephantiasis Arab'ica,  Tyri'asis, El'ephas,
  Elephantiasis, E. In'dica, Elephantla  Ar'abum,
  Lepra  Arabum  (of some), Jfaladie g/andulaire,
  Lndrerie, Vara, Skin of the Polynesians [?].  In
  this the tubercles  are chiefly  on the face and
  joints.  There is  loss of hair,  except  on  the
  scalp:  voice, hoarse and nasal: and the disease
  is said to be contagious and hereditary.  It most
  frequently attacks  the  feet;  and  gives the lower
  extremity a fancied resemblance to the leg of an
  elephant, whence its  name.  The  seat of the dis-
  ease seems to be in  the lymphatic vessels and
  glands, and in the subcutaneous  areolar tissue:
  the inflammatory condition  of which  is accom-
  panied with general morbid symptoms.  Medicine
  has little or no effect  on this loathsome complaint.
  See Lepra.
    Elephantiasis  of  Cayenne,  3Ial rouge  de
  Cayenne, seems to  be a variety of Lepra, charac-
  terized by  red and yellow spots,  occupying the
  forehead, ears,  hands, loins, Ac, afterwards  ex-
tending and  becoming scaly, with deformity of
the parts  where they are seated, particularly of
the face ; and ultimately producing cracks, ulcers,
caries, and sometimes death.
  Elephantiasis  of  the Greeks,  U.  Graco'-
rum, is probably the same disease as Lepra.
  Elephantiasis  of India  is characterized by
red, livid, or yellowish spots, slightly prominent,
to which succeed indolent tumours, formed in the
areolar texture.  At a more advanced  period the
phalanges swell, and become ulcerated; the bones
of the nose carious, the lips thickened, and ema-
ciation gradually carries off the patient.  It like-
wise belongs to lepra.
   Elephantiasis  Italica,  Pellagra.
   Elephantiasis  of Java  is likewise a variety
of  lepra,  characterized by  large  white  tumours
on  the toes  and  fingers, resembling scrofulous
tumefactions.  These  tumours ulcerate,  and the
ulcerations spread  from the extremities towards
the trunk, destroying even  the bones.  Amputa-
tion can alone arrest its progress.  The disease
is  often accompanied  by  alopecia,  and by an
eruption of red spots.
   ELEPHAN'TINUM  EMPLAS'TRUM, EAs-
(pavrtvov.  An  ancient plaster, composed  of 30
parts of ceruss, 45  of wax, oil Ibss, renter Ibj.—
Castelli.  Oribasius and  Celsus  both  mention a
plaster of this name, but they are by no  means
similar in composition.
   ELEPHANTOMMA, Buphthalmia.
   ELEPHANTOPUS,  (F.) E/iphantope ; from
cXetpas, 'elephant,'  and novs, 'foot.'  One affected
with  elephantiasis.
   ELEPHANTUSIA, Phytelephas macrooarpa.
   ELEPHAS, Elephantiasis, Ivory.
   ELETTARIA   CARDAMOMUM,  Amomum
 cardamornum.
   ELEUTERIA, Croton cascarilla.
   ELEVATEUR, Elevator— i. Commun de /We
 du nez et de la levre supirienre, Levator labii su-
 perioris alaeque nasi—i. de  I'GSil, Rectus superior
 oculi—i. de la Paupiere supirieure, Levator pal-
 pebrie superioris.
   ELE VA TOIRE, Elevator.
   ELEVATIO  U'TERI.   Ascent of the uterus.
 This  displacement occasionally occurs,  in the
 unirapregnated state, in connection  with fibrous
 uterine, and enlarged ovarian tumours.
    ELEVATOR,  Levator,  from elevare, (e, and
 levare,) 'to  lift up.'  (F.)  Elivateur.   A muscle,
 whose function it is  to raise the part into which
 it is  inserted.   See Levator.
    Elevator, Elevato'rium, Vectis  elevato'rim,
 Elivatoire.   A name given to different surgical
 instruments employed for raising portions of bone
 which have been  depressed, for raising and de-
 taching  the portion  of bone separated  by the
 crown of the trepan, and  for removing  stumps
 of teeth.
    Elevator Ani, Levator ani—e. Labii inferin-
 ris, Levator labii  inferioris — e. Labii superioris
 proprius, Levator labii superioris proprius —e.
  Labiorum  communis,  Levator anguli oris — e.
  Oculi, Rectus superior oculi—e. Patientia?, Leva-
  tor scapulae — e.  Scapulae, Levator  scapulas —e-
  Testiculi, Cremaster —e. Urethras, see Transver-
  bus perinaei.
    Elevator, Common.  This is a mere lever, the
  end of which is somewhat bent and made rough,
  in order that it  may less  readily slip away frmn
  the portion of bone which  is to be raised.  The
  instrument is  used, by forming a fulcrum for it,
  either on  the  band which holds  it, or upon the
  fingers of the other  hand;  or by making a fixed
  point for it on the edge of tho opening made with
  the  trephine.
    Elevator of Louis differed from the last only 
ELEVE EXTERNE          32 7           ELLEBORASTER
in tho circumstance of the screw-peg being united
to the bridge by a kind of pivot instead of hinge,
bo that greater extent of motion was permitted.
  Elevator of Petit consists of a lever mounted
on a handle, and straight throughout its whole
length, except at its very end, which is slightly
curved,  in  order that it  may be  more conveni-
ently put under the portion of bone  intended  to
be elevated.  The lever is pierced at various dis-
tances from its  butt-end with several holes, in-
tended for the reception of a movable screw-peg,
fixed on tbe top  of a kind of bridge.  This part
of the instrument consists of an  arch, the ends
of which are long, and covered with small  pads,
and on  its  centre is the screw-peg already men-
tioned.  By means of these holes  the arm of the
lever can be lengthened at pleasure.
  Elevator, Trip'loid,  Ycctis triploi'des.  This
was-so called from its consisting of  three branches,
uniting above in one common trunk.   The  latter
part was traversed by a long screw, having below
a kind of hook, and above a handle for turning
it.  By turning  the screw, the hook was  drawn
up, and the bone thus elevated.
  Tbe simple lever is the only  one now used,
owing to the want of  facility and advantages  in
the use of the others.
  ELE VE EXTERNE, see House-surgeon — i.
Interne, House-surgeon.
  ELEYURES (F.), Efflorescent ia.   A generic
name,  including all the exanthemata, in  which
there is  tumefaction  of the  tissue of the skin.
See Exanthem.
  ELF-LOCK.  A condition of the hair in which
it is malted and twisted into locks, as in plica.
Supposed, in olden times, to have been the work
of elves or  fairies.
  ELIASTER, Ilecb.
  ELICHRYSUM, Solidago virgaurea—e. Mon-
tanum, Antennaria dioica.
  ELICOIDES,  Capreolaris.
  ELIGMA. Eclectos.
  ELIM1XAXTIA, Eccritica.
  ELIMIXATIVES, Eccritica.
  ELIQUATIO, Colliquation.
  ELIXA'TIO, Epse'sis, from elixus, (e, and lix,
'water,  liquor,  lye,')  'boiled,' 'sodden.'   This
word has been used  synonymously with  Decoc-
tion.  The  act of boiling.
  ELIXTR, Isir, Ixir,  Quelles,  Alex'ir.   The
 etymology  of  this word  is  not  clear.  Lemery
derives it from cXkot, T extract;'  and  also from
aAtfw, 'I aid.'  Others believe it to be from Ara-
bic, al-ecsir, or al-eksir, 'chymistry.'   An elixir
is a medicine composed  of various  substances
held in solution  in alcohol.  The  name has been
used, however, for preparations  which contain
no spirit of wine.
  Elixir  Ac"idum  Halleri  seu   Dippel'ii,
E.  Antipodag'ricum   seu  Antincphrelicum  seu
Siilphu'rico-ac"itlum, Gutta ac"ida ton'ica, Aqua
Rnbe'lii, Liquor ac"idus Halleri, 3Iistu'ra  sul-
Pj"lricir-ac"ii/a,  jEther  sulphu'ricus  ac"idtts,
Ac'idum sulphu'ricum alcoolisa'tum, A. vitriol-
icum vino'sum, Alcohol Snlphurica'tum, A.  sul-
phu'ricum, is a mixture of concentrated sulphuric
acid and alcohol —in the Eau de Rabel, of one
P»rt of the  former to three  of the latter.   It  is
employed as an astringent in hemorrhages, Ac.
  Elixir Aloes, Tinctura aloes  composita — e.
Anthelminticum  Succorum, Tinctura jalapii com-
posita.
  Elixir,  Anti-Asthmat'ic,  of  Boerhaave.
This elixir is composed of alcohol, aniseed, cam-
phor, orris, asarabacca root, calamus aromaticus
liquorice, and elecampane.  It is given in asthma,
>n the doso  of 20 or 30 drops.
  Elixir Antihypochondiuaclm, Tinctura cin-
, chonae amara —e.  Antinephreticum, E. acidum
 Halleri—e. Aperitivum, Tinctura aloes composita.
   Elixir, Antiscrof'ulous of Peyrilhe; com-
 posed of weak  alcohol, subcarbonate of potassa,
 and gentian root.   It is administered in scrofula.
   Elixir, Boerhaave's, see Tinctura aloes com-
 posita.
   Elixir,  Carminative, of  Sylvius,  Tinctura
 carminativa Sylvii.
   Elixir Clalde'ri, Clauder's Elixir.  Made
 by macerating  for a few days carbonate of po-
 tassa 3J ; aloes, guaiacum, myrrh, saffron, rhu-
 barb bruised, of each  5Jij ;  water f^xviij;  and
 decanting.  Dose,  a tablespoonful a's a laxative
 and emmenagogue.
   Elixir,  Daffy's, Tinctura  senna? comp. — e.
 Danorum, E. pectorale  regis Daniae—e. Fcetidum,
 Tinctura castorei composita — e. of Garus, Tinc-
 tura de  croco  composita — e. Guaiaci  volatilis,
 Tinctura Guaiaci  ammoniata—e. Jalapa? compo-
 situm, Tinctura jalapii composita—e.  of Long
 Life, Tinctura aloes composita—e. de Longue vie,
 Tinctura aloes  composita — e. d'Or de 31. le Gi-
 niral de la 3Iotte, Tinctura seu Alcohol sulfurico-
 asthereus — e.   Paregoric, Edinburgh, Tinctura
 opii ammoniata—e. Paregoricum, Tinctura cam-
 phoras composita — e. Pectorale  dulce, E. pecto-
 raleregis Daniae.
   Elixir Pectora'le  Regis Da'ni^;, E. Dano'-
 rum seu Ringelman'ni  seu ex succo glycyrrhi'za
 seu pectora'le dulce seu e succo liquiril'ia: (Succ.
 glycyrrhiz.  p. 1; Aq. Fevnicul.  p. 2; Alcohol am-
 moniat. p. 6.  A formula in many of the Pharma-
 copoeias of continental  Europe.)  With the addi-
 tion of opium  it constitutes the Elixir ammoni-
 ato-opia'titm, Extractum theba'icum ammoniaca'le
 of some Pharmacopoeias.
   Elixir Proprietatis,  Tinctura aloes compo-
 sita—e.  Purgans, Tinctura jalapii composita—e.
 Radcliffe's, see Tinctura aloes composita—e. Rhej
 dulce, Vinum rhej  palmati —e. Ringelmanni, E.
 pectorale  regis Danias— e.  Roborans AVhyttii,
 Tinctura cinchonas amara — e. Sacrum, Tinctura
 rhej et aloes — e. Salutis, Tinctura sennas  comp.
 — e. Squire's, see Tinctura camphora? composita
 — e. Stomachicum, Tinctura gentianae composita
 —e. Stomachicum spirituosum. Tinctura cinchona
 amara—e. Stoughton's,  see Tinctura  gentianas
 composita—e. ex Succo glycyrrhiza?, E. pectorale
 regis Danias—e. ex Succo liquiritias, E. pectorale
 regis Danorum—e.  Sulphurico-acidum, E. acidum
 Halleri — e. Traumaticum,  Tinctura  Benzoini
 composita.
   Elixir Vit.e of Mathi'olus ;  composed  of
 alcohol and 22 aromatic and stimulating sub-
 stances.   It was formerly employed in epilepsy.
   Elixir of Vitriol, Sulphuric acid, dilute—e.
 Vitrioli,   Sulphuricum  acidum  aromaticum — e.
 Vitrioli acido-aromaticum, Sulphuricum acidum
 aromaticum — e. Vitrioli  dulce, Spiritus astheris
 aromaticus, Sulphuricum acidum  aromaticum —
 e. Vitrioli Edinburgensium, Sulphuricum acidum
 aromaticum—e. Vitrioli Mynsichti, Sulphuricum
 acidum aromaticum—e. of Vitriol, sweet, Spiritus
 astheris aromaticus—e.  Vitrioli cum tinctura aro-
 matica, Sulphuricum acidum aromaticum—e.  of
 Vitriol, Vigani's, Spiritus astheris aromaticus—e.
 Whyttii, Tinctura cinchonas amara.
   ELIXIRIUM ANTISEPTICUM DOCTORIS
 CHAUSSIER, Tinctura cinchonas 83therea com-
 posita.
   ELIXIS, Eclectos.
   ELIXIVIATION, Lixiviation.
   ELK,  Cervus  alces—e. Bark, Magnolia maero-
 phylla—e.  Tree, Andromeda  arborea—e. Wood,
 Andromeda arborea, Magnolia maerophylla.
   ELKOPLASTY,  Helcoplasty.
   ELLARNE, Sambucus.
   ELLEBORASTER, Helleborus foetidus. 
ELLEBORE
  ELLEBORE, Dracontium fcetidum.
  ELLEBORISMUS, Helleborismus.
  ELLEBORUM ALBUM, Veratrum album.
  ELLEBORUS ALBUS, Veratrum —e. Niger,
Helleborus niger.
  ELLEN-TREE, Sambucus.
  ELLER, Alnus glutinosa.
  ELLERMAN'SDEO'DORIZING FLUID. An
antibromic or remover of odours — said  to be a
solution of a persalt of iron.
  ELLET, Sambucus.
  ELLIPTIC, Oval.
  ELLY'CH'NTOTOS, from cXXvXviov, 'the wick
of a lamp.'   A sort of tent,  used by the  ancient
surgeons, so  called because it was shaped like a
wick, or because it was made of a similar material.
  ELM, COMMON, Ulmus—e. Red, Ulmus Ame-
ricana—e. Rough-leaved, Ulmus Americana—e.
Slippery, Ulmus Americana.
  ELMINTIIOCORTON, Corallina Corsicana.
   ELXORXE, Sambucus.
   ELO'DES, Helo'des, Paludal,  Marshy, (F.) 31a-
ricageux, Paludien, Palustre.  Febris clo'des seu
helo'des seu  paludo'sa, Helop'yra,  Helopyr'etos,
from 'eXos, 'a marsh,' and  etSos, 'resemblance.'
 Marsh  fever.   (F.)  Fievre   intermittente palu-
 dienue, F. paludienne ou Maremmatique,  because
it prevails in the Maremma district of Italy.
Also, a kind  of  fever,  characterized by great
 moisture or  sweating.
   ELOME,  Orpiment.
   E L 0 N G  A' T I 0 N, Parathro'ma,  Elonga'tio,
 from elongare, elongatum,  (e,  and longus,)  'to
 lengthen,' 'extend.'   An incomplete luxation, in
 which the ligaments of an articulation are stretched
 and the limb lengthened, without total luxation.
 The word has also been used for the extension re-
 quired in the reduction of fractures and luxations,
 and for the increased length of limb, (F.) Allonge-
 merit, in diseases and dislocations of the hip-joint.
   ELREN,  Sambucus.
   ELTH, see Age.
   ELUTRIATIO, Decantation, Elutriation.
   ELUTRIATION, Elntria'tio,- originally from
 eluo, (e, and luo, ' I  wash,') ' I wash away,  I
 rinse.'   In  pharmacy a process  by which  the
 finer particles of a powder are separated from the
 coarser.  It consists  in diffusing the powder in
 water,  allowing the  larger and heavier particles
 to subside,  and then  decanting the liquor, that
 the finer particles may subside.
   ELU'VIES, same etymon. An inordinate dis-
 charge of any fluid,  and also the fluid itself.   In
 the works of some authors it is particularly ap-
 plied  to  the mucus which flows from the vagina
 in cases of leucorrhoea.
   ELUXATION, Luxation.
   ELYTRATRESIA, Colpatresia,
   ELYTREURYNTER, Speculum vaginae.
   ELYTRITIS, Colposis, Leucorrhoea.
   ELYTR0BLENN0RRHO3A, Leucorrhoea (va-
 ginal).
   EL'YTROCE'LE,  from  eXvrpov, 'a vagina or
 pheath,' and KnXn,  'a tumour.'   Vogel has given
 this name to vaginal hernia, Colpoce'le.
   ELYTRODES  (tunica),  Vaginal coat of the
 testicle.
   ELYTRGEDE'MA,  Colecede'ma,  Colpcede'ma,
 from cXvtuov. 'a  vagina or  sheath,'  and oiSripa,
 'oedema.'   ffidema of the vagina.
   ELYTROITIS, Colposis.
   EL'YTRON, from eXvut, ' I involve.' A sheath.
 The vagina.  The membranes which envelope
 the spinal marrow are called elytra.
   ELYTRON'CUS,  Elytrophy'ma, from eXvrpov,
 'a vagina or sheath,' and  oyws, 'a tumour.'   A
 swelling of  the vagina.
   ELYTROPAP'PUS  RIIINOCEROTIS.    A
 South  African bush, Nat. Ord.  Compositae, the
32 8     EMBARRAS GASTRIQUE
whole of which is bitter and resinous.  The tops
of the branches, infused in wine or brandy, make
excellent  bitters.  The tops  are  also given  in
powder to children affected with diarrhoea.
  ELYTROPHYMA, Elvtroncus.
  EL'YTROPLASTY, ' El ytroplas'tiee ;  from
eXvrpov, 'the vagina,' and  -rrXaoou, ' I form.'  The
operation  for restoration of the vaginn.
  EIATTROPTOSIS, Prolapsus vaginas.
  ELY'TRORRHAGIA, Colporrhagia.
  ELYTROR'RHAPHY. Elytrorrhaph'ia, Col-
por'rhapy, Kolpor'rhaphy;  from  eXvrpov, 'the
vagina,' and  putpn, 'a suture.'  The operation  of
closing the vagina by suture in cases of prociden-
tia uteri.
  EM and EN, cv,  'in, into, within;' also 'ex-
cess :'  frequently used  in this last sense  by Dr.
Good.   A common prefix, generally answering to
the prefixes im and in, in English.  In composi-
tion,  before /}, it,  <p,  -J/, and p, the v is changed
into p; before  y, k,  £,  and  X, into y; before  X,
into X ; and before p generally into p.
  EMACIATE,  3laces'cere,  Tnbes'cere,  (F.)
Amaigrir;  from  cmneiare,  emaciation,  (e, and
maceo, ' to be lean,') ' to grow  lean.'  To lose
flesh, to become lean, to waste away.
  EMACIATION, Emacia'tio, Extenna'tio, 31a'-
cies,  3Tacritu'do,  3Iacror,  3larco'res, Skeleti'a,
Leptysm'us, Leptyn'sis, Pingued'inis di mi nit'tio,
(F.) Amaigrissemerit, Dipirissernent.  That con-
dition of  the body, or  of a part of the body,  in
which it  grows lean.   The  state  of one  who  is
lean — Leanness, Isch'notes, (F.) Maigreur.
  E31 AIL DES DENTS, Enamel of the teeth.
  E3IATLLOTAGE (F.), from maillot, 'swath-
ing or swaddling clothes.' The 'wrapping up'  or
'packing up' in dry  or  wet sheets, which is prac-
tised   in  hydropathic  establishments to  induce
sweating.
  EMANATION,  Entana'tio, Efflu'vium, from
emanare,  emanatum,  (e, and  manare,) 'to issue
or  flow from.'  The term  is applied to  a body
which  proceeds or  draws its  origin from other
bodies—such  as the light which  emanates from
the sun ;  the miasm which arises from the putrid
decomposition  of animal or vegetable substances,
Ac.  See Miasm.
   EMAN'SIO MEN'SIUM, from e, and rnnnere,
mansnm,  'to stay.'  This term has  been applied
to amenorrhcea or obstruction  of the menses be-
fore  they have been  established.   Some have
used  it for the retention which occurs even after
they  have been established.   The former is the
general acceptation.
   EMARGINATIO, Echancrure, Notch.
   EMARGINATURA, Echancrure,  Notch.
   EMASCULATION, Emuscuhltio, from cmas-
 culare, (e,  and masculus, 'a  male,') 'to render
 impotent.'  The act of removing or destroying
 the generative organs of  a male animal.
   EMASCULATUS. Castratus, Eunuch.
   EMBALM'ING,  from em, en, 'in,'and balsa-
 mum, 'balsam.'   Balsama'tio, Smyrnis'mns, Ce-
 elci'a, Pollinctu'ra,  Necroceeli'a,  Conditn'ra La-
 dav'erum, (F.) Embaumement, Imbalsiimation. An
 operation which  consists  in impregnating the
 dead  body with substances capable of preventing
 it from becoming putrid, and thus putting it in a
 condition to be preserved.
   EMBAM'MA, Apobam'ma, Bamma, from  i/i-
 fiairrur, (cu, and fiarrrur, ' I dip,') ' I  immerse.'  A
 medicated pickle or sauce.—Gorrasus.
   E3TBARRAS, Emphraxis.
   EMI1ARRAS GASTRIQUE (F.), Gastric ili»-
 order  or impediment, Co/la'vies  gas'trica, Sorda
 prima'rum   via'rum,   Status  gas'tiieus,  Gutt*
 atax'r'a, (F.) Gastrieiti.  Disorder of the stomneh,
 in which there is loss  of appetite, with bitterneflB 
EMB ARRAS               3 2 9               EMlZTISER
and  clamminess  of  mouth,  white  and yellow
tongue, feeling  of oppression in  the epigastrium,
and  sometimes pain  in that  region, nausea and
bilious or bitter  vomiting; this state  being ac-
companied with headach, lassitude, and pain in
tbe back and limbs.
  EMIIARRAS GASTROINTESTINAL, Gas-
tro-iutes'tinal  disoreler.  Slight  gastro-enteritis,
according to the Broussaists,  in which  the symp-
toms of the Embarrus gastrique and E. intestinal
are united.
  EMIIARRAS  INTESTINAL, Intes'tinal dis-
order.   The principal characters assigned to this
are:—tension of  the abdomen colic,  borborygtni,
discharge of flatus peranum, constipation or diar-
rhoea, Ac.
  EMBARRURE, Engisoma.
  EMB A UMEMENT, Embalming.
  EM BO ITEM EXT (F.).  ' Encasing,' from em,
 'in,' and  boite,  'a  box.'  Enaelelphla, Enda-
 delphlu,  Enteradelphla.  This term  has  been
 applied to the  theory  of generation which con-
 siders that the  germs are encased in each other
 in the ovary of the female, in such sort that they
 are  developed  in succession  after impregnation.
 It is the theory of encasing of germs, or of mons-
 trosity by inclusion.
   FUliOlTl'RE, Diarthrosis.
   EM'BOLE,  from cujiaXXa,  (cp and tSaXXor,) 'I
 put in  place.'   Reduction of  a luxated  bone.
 lleposil'io.  Also, a plug, as of a blood-vessel.
   EMBOLIMOS. Intercalary.
   EMDOLUM  CEREBRI, Infundibulum of the
 brain.
   EMBONPOINT,  (F.)  'In good  point  or
 plight.'  Bona  eor'poris  habitu'do.    The state
 of  the animal body when in full health.  Exces-
 sive embonpoint constitutes corpulence  and obe-
 sity, and mav become a morbid condition.
   EMBONPOINT EXCESSIE, Polysarcia adi-
 posa.
   EMBORISMA, Aneurism.
   E.MBOWELLING, Exenterismus.
   EM BREGMA, Embrocation.
   EMBROCATIO, Embrocation, Irrigation.
   EMBROCATION,  Embroca'tio,   Embreg'ma,
 Em'broche, Iiuphlvium,  from epPpeXur, (cp, and
 fitt>tXw, ' I wet,') ' I dip in.'   A fluid application
 to  be rubbed  on any  part of  the body.  It is
 often used synonym-ously with  liniment.  Origi-
 nally it was employed in  the sense of Fomenta-
 tion.
   Embrocation,  Goestonian, see Oleum  Tere-
 binthiiiiu reetificatum.
   EMBROCHE,  Embrocation.
   EM'BRYO, Enlbryan, from cv, 'in,'  and fipvta,
 ' I  grow.'  Cye'rna.   The fecundated germ, in the
 early stages of its development in utero.  At a
 certain period of its  increase, the name/o?r»s is
 given to it, but at what period is not  determined.
 Generally, the embryo  state is considered to  ex-
 tend to tbe period of quickening.
   EMBUYOCTOXY,  Fo?tO,s trucida'tio,  from
 tpliinw, ' the embryo,' and ktovos, ' destruction.'
 The act of destroying a foetus in utero, when  in-
 snrmountable  obstacles—as  certain deformities
 of tbe pelvis—oppose delivery.
   KMBRYOG'RAPHY,  Embryogra'phia,  from
 tpfipvov, 'the embryo,' and ypatpn. 'a description.'
 The part of anatomy  which describes  the embryo.
  EMRRYOL'OGY, Embryolog"ia, from epPnvov,
' the embryo,'  and Xoyos, ' a description.'   The
doctrine of embryonic  description.
  EMBRYONTC, Embryotlicus, (F.)  Embryo-
mque, Embryonnaire;  same etymon  as embryo.
Relating  or  appertaining to  an embryo:—as
'embrr/onic life.'
  E3JBRYONIQUE,  Embryonic.
    E3IBRYONNAIRE, Embryonic.
    EMBRYOTIILASTA,  Embryothlas'tes,  Em-
  bryothlas'tum, (F.)  Embryotome,  from  cpfipvov,
  ' the embryo,' and $Xaw, ' I break.'  An  instru.
  ment for dividing  the  foetus piecemeal, in order
  to effect delivery.  A crotchet  or  other  instru-
  ment, used, in certain cases  of laborious parturi-
  tion, to  break the bones of  the foetus, for the
  purpose of extracting them with greater facility.
  —Hippocrates, Galen.
    EMBRYOTOCIA. Abortion.
    EM BR YOT03IE, Embryothlasta.
    EMBRYOTOMY', Embryotom'ia, from tpQpvov,
  'an embryo,' and reuvetv, 'to cut.'  A division of
  the fostus into fragments, to extract it by piece-
  meal, when the narrowness of  the pelvis or other
  faulty conformation opposes delivery.
    EMBRYOT'ROPHY,  Embryotroph'ia,  from
  euffpvov, 'the  embryo,'  and  rpoijnt, 'nourishment.'
  Foetal nutrition ;  Cyolrophy.
    EMBRYUL'CIA,  Ernbryusterulcia, from cp-
  (Spvor,, 'embryo, foetus,' and  cXku>, 'I extract,' 'I
  draw.'  A surgical operation, by which the foetus
  is extracted by means of appropriate instruments,
  when faulty conformation or other circumstances
  prevent delivery by the natural efforts.
    EMBRY'UL'CUS, E/eus'ter, same etymon.  An
  iron hook or  crotchet, described  by Fabricius ab
  Aquapendente, which  was used to extract the
  fostus in some cases of laborious labour.
    EMBRYUSTERULCIA, Embryulcia.
    EMENDANS, Corrigent.
    EMEIIAUDE, Smaragdus.
    EMERODS, llasmorrhois.
    EM ESI A, Vomiturition.
    EMESIS, Vomiting.
    EMETATROPH'IA, from epeto, 'I vomit,' and
  arpotpta, 'want of nourishment.' Atrophy induced
  by vomiting.
    EMETIA,  Emetine.
    EMET'IC,  Emet'icum,  Vomito'rium, Vom'itory,
  Vomit, Puke,  (Prov.) Pick, from epcur, T vomit.'
  A substance capable of producing vomiting.  (F.)
  Emitique.  [This term is also restricted  by the
  French to tartarized antimony — the  emetic,  as it
  were, par excellence.]   Vomitif.
    Tartarized  antimony,  emetine,   ipecacuanha,
  and  sulphate  of  zinc, are  the  chief  emetics.
  Tbey are valuable agents  in  disease, and  may
  either act primarily on the stomach, or seconda-
  rily  on  other parts  of the  system,—the sym-
  pathy between the stomach and other parts of
  the  body being very extensive, and an impor-
  tant object of study.
    The following are the  usual emetics:—Anti-
  monii et Potassa?  Tartras; Cupri Acetas; Cupri
  Sulphas;  Emetina;  Gillenia; Hydrargyri  Sul-
  phas Flavus;  Ipecacuanha; Lobelia; Sanguina-
  ria:  Scilla; Sinapis, and  Zinci Sulphas.
    Emetic Root, Euphorbia corollata—e. Tartar,
  Antimonium  tartarizatum—e.  Weed,   Lobelia
  inflata.
    EMETICOLOGIA, Emetology.
    EM'ETINE. Emetina, Emelia, Vom'itine, Ce-
  phaelitium.  A vegetable alkali, discovered by
  M. Pelletier in ipecacuanha, and to which it owes
  its emetic power.   It is obtaineil from  different
  ipecacuanhas, but chiefly from psychat'ria emel-
  ica, callicoc'ca ipeeaeiunlha, and viola emelica.
  It  is in transparent scales,  of a reddisb-brown
  colour, almost  inodorous, of  a bitter,  slightly
  acrid taste; is unchangeable in the air. soluble in
  water and alcohol, and insoluble in ether.   Three
  grains of impure emetia or one grain of pure are
  equal to 18 of ipecacuanha.   See Ipecacuanha.
    E31E TIQUE,  Antimonium  tartarizatum,
  Emetic.
il   EMETISER (F.).   To  cause  vomiting  by 
EMETO-CATHARSIS        33
emetics.   In French  pharmacy,  it  is,  likewise,
used to signify the addition of imitine — tartrate
of antimony and potassa—to  a medicinal pre-
paration.
  EMETO-CATHARSIS, see Emeto-cathartic.
  EM'ETO-CATHARTIC,  Em'eto-cathar'ticus,
from eperos,  'vomiting,' and KaSapriKos, 'a purga-
tive.'   A remedy, which  at the  same time excites
vomiting and purging—Em'eto-cathar'sis.
  EMETOL'OGY,  Emetolog"ia, Emeticolog"ia,
from eperos,  'vomiting,' and  Xoyos, 'a discourse.'
A treatise on vomiting, and on  emetics.
  EM'IXENCE, Eminen'tia, Protuberan'tia, Ex'-
oche.,  Exanthe'ma.  A projection at the  surface
of a healthy or diseased  organ.
  EMINENCE PORTE  ANTERTEURE, Lo-
bulus anonymus — i. Porte postirieitre, Lobulus
Spigelii—i. Sns-pubienne, Mons veneris.
  EMIXEXCES  BIGfiMINEES,  Quadrigemi-
na  corpora — i. Latirales, Corpora  olivaria—i-
Pyramidales, Corpora pyramidalia — i.  Vermi-
fionnes du cervelet, Vermiformes processus.
   EMIXENTIA,  Protuberantia —e. Annularis,
Puns varolii—e. Pyramidalis, Crista vestibuli—e.
Thyreoidea.PomumAdaini—e. Tympani,Pyramid.
   EMINENTI.E  BIGEMIN.E,  Quadrigemina |
tubercula—e. Candicantes, Mammillary  Tubercles
— e.  Lenticulares, Corpora  striata—e.  Magna?
cerebri, Thalami nervorum opticorum —■ e. Medi-
ans  Interna?, Corpora pyramidalia—e. Olivares,
Corpora olivaria—e. Ovales Laterales, Corpora oli-
varia—e. Pyramidales,  Corpora pyramidalia—e.
 Quadrigemina?,  Quadrigemina tubercula — e. Te-
retes, Processus teretes.
   E3ITSSAIRE,  Emunctory,
   EMISSA'RIA  SANTORI'NI, (F.) Emissaires
 de Santorini.  A name given to some small veins,
 which communicate with the sinuses of the dura
 mater, by apertures in the cranium.  Such are  the
 parietal,  posterior condyloid, mastoid veins, Ac.
   EMISSIO, Emission—e.  Seminis,  Sperma-
 tismus.
   EMIS'SION, Emis'sio, from ernittere, (e, and
 mittere, missum,) ' to send out,' 'drive out.'  The
 act by which any matter whatever is thrown from
 the body.  Thus,  we say Emission of urine, Emis-
 sion of semen, Ac.
   EMISSION SANGUINE,  Bloodletting.
   EMMEN'AGOGUES, Emmenago'ga, Emmeni-
 ago'ga, Ame'nia, from epunva,  ' the  menses,' and
 ayur, 'I drive.' or  'expel.'  3Ien'agogues.  A name
 given to  medicines believed  to have the power of
 favouring the discharge of  the menses. There
 is probably no substance which  possesses this
 power  directly.  According  to different condi-
 tions of the  system, the most  opposite reme-
 dies may  act as emmenagogues.  Black helle-
 bore, savin, madder, polygala senega,  and ergot,
 are reputed to  be specific emmenagogues.  The
 following  list  comprises  the  chief of them: —
  Cunila Pulegio'ides;  Helleborus Niger; Mentha
 Pulegium;  Rosmarinus;  Rubia; Sabina; Secale
  Cornutum ; Senega, and Tanacetum.
    EMMENAGOLOG'TA, from eppnvaytaya,  and
 \oyos, ' discourse.'  A treatise  of emmenagogues.
    EMMENIA, Menses.
    EMMENIAGOGA, Emmenagogues.
    EMMENOLOG'TA,from cu.pnva, 'menses,' and
  \oyos, 'a discourse.'   A treatise on  menstruation.
    EMMENOLOG"ICAL, Emmenolog"ieus: same
  etymon as the last.   Relating or appertaining  to
  menstruation.
    E.MMYXTUM ARTICULARE,  Ilydrarthus.
    EMOLLIENTIA, Emollients.
    EMOL'LIENTS,   EmoUien'tia,  Malthac'tica,
  Relaxin'tia,  Epiceras'tica, 3Ialac'tica, Lubri-
  can'tia,  Malacopoe'a, Mollien'tia,  from  emollire,
  le, aud mollire, ' to soften.')   Substances which
0               E M PII Y M A
relax and soften parts that are  inflamed, or  too
tense.   They are used both internally and exter-
nally :  as the  former,  however,  consist of muci-
laginous substances, they are generally reckoned
as demulcents :  the latter, or proper emollients,
consist  of  oils,  cataplasms, fomentations,  Ac.
Oleaginous bodies, rubbed  on a part, act by di-
minishing its  cohesion.  Fomentations, in  cases
of internal  inflammation,  act probably through
contiguous sympathy.   The following are  the
chief emollients: — Adeps;  Amygdale  Oleum;
Avenas  Farina; Cera: Cetaccum ; Linum: Olivas
Oleum;  Sesamum; Tritici Farina, and Ulmus.
  EMOLLITIES,  Mollifies—e. Morbosa, Molli-
fies—e. Ossium, Mollities ossium—e. Uteri Mor-
bosa, Hysteromalacia.
  EMOLLITIO, Mollities—e. Ventriculi, Gastro-
malacia.
  E3IONCTOIRE, Emunctory.
  EMOPTOE, Haemoptysis.
  EMOTIO, Delirium, Luxation, Passion.
  EMOTIONAL,  from  tmotio, (e,  'from,' and
moveo,  motum,' to move.')   Relating to emotion
or passion independently of the will:—hence an
'emotional or instinctive impulse.'
  EMPASMA, Cataplasma.
  EMPATE3TENT,  from  empiiter, 'to  render
pasty or doughy,'  A non-inflammatory engorge-
ment, which retains, more or less, the impression
of the finger.
  EMPATHE'MA, 3Ia'nia a  pathe'mate,  (F.)
3Ianie  sans dilire; ungovernable passion ; from
cp, 'in,' and rraBos, 'suffering.'  Fixed delusion,
  EMPEIRIA, Experience.
  EMPETRUM,  Herniaria glabra.
  EM'PHLY'SIS,  from  ep,  'in,'  and tjrXva.s, 'a
vesicular tumour  or eruption ;'  Ich'orous Exan'-
them.   An  eruption  of  vesicular  pimples, filled
progressively  with an  acrid and  colourless, or
nearly  colourless, fluid; terminating in scurf or
laminated scabs.   A genus in the order Exanthe-
matica, class Hamatica  of Good.
   Emphlysis Aphtha, Aphthae, Stomatitis, aph-
thous— e.  Erysipelas, Erysipelas — e. Miliaria,
 Miliary  fever — e. Pemphigus, Pemphigus — e.
 Vaccina inserta, Vaccina—e. Varicella, Yarieella,
   EMPHRACTIC, Emphracticus.
   EMPHRACTICA, Physconia.
   EMPHRACTICUS,  Emphrac'tic, from cptppar-
 ror,  (ep, and  tpparror, 'I shut up,')  T close,' 'I
 obstruct.'  Emplas'ticus,  Emplattonlenos.  Any
 substance which, when  applied to the skin, was
 presumed to close the pores.
   EMPHRAG'MA, same  etymon.  Obturnmen'-
 tum, Impedimen'tum.   Anything  that obstructs.
 Hippocrates uses this term  to designate the ob-
 stacle to delivery on the part of the foetus, when
 the presentation is preternatural.
   Emphragma   Lacrymale,  Fistula lacryma-
 lis--e. Salivare, Ranula.
   EMPHRAX'IS, Obstruc'tio,  Obtura'tio, Oppi-
 la'tio,  Infarc'tus, Infarc'tio, Farctus, Partus, In-
 farc'tion.  Same etymon.  ' Obstruction.'  An
 Embarras  or repletion of canals  or cavities by
 any substance,  which is either morbid from quan-
 tity or quality.
   Emphraxis IIepatis, Hepatemphraxis.
   EMPHYMA, Tumour —e.  Encystis, Encystis
 — e. Encystis atheroma, Atheroma, — e. Encystis
 ganglion, Ganglion, Testudo — e. Encystis meli-
 ceris, Meliceris — e. Encystis steatoma, Steatoma
 —e. Exostosis  ossea, Exostosis—e. Exostosis pe-
 riostea, Node—e. Sarcoma, Sarcoma—e. Sarcoma
 adiposum,  Adipose sarcoma—e. Sarcoma cellulo-
 sum,  Cystic  sarcoma — e. Sarcoma mammarum,
  Mammary sarcoma—e.  Sarcoma pancreaticum,
  Pancreatic  sarcoma — e.  Sarcoma  scirrhosum,
 Scirrhous  sarcoma — e.  Sarcoma  tuberculosum, 
EMPHYSEMA
331
EMPLASTRUM
Tuberculate sarcoma — e. Sarcoma vascnlosum,
Sarcoma, vascular.
  EMPHYSE'MA, from cptjivaatir, (iv, and tpvaato,
'I blow,') 'I inflate.'   lujla'tio, Eiujjueumato'sis,
Sarcltes /latuo'sus,  Eiuphyse'ma  cellula're  seu
pneumatosis,  Physon'cits,  Tumor  fiatulen'tus,
Pneumatosis,  Injla'tion,  Wind-dropsy,  (F.) Em-
physhne, Airethymie.—Piorry.  This term is com-
monly applied to any white, crepitant,  shining,
elastic, indolent tumour  of  the  integuments,
caused by the  introduction of air into the areolar
texture, Aerodermceta'sia.  Injuries of the larynx,
trachea, or lungs ; fractures of the ribs, or wounds
penetrating the chest, are the  most   frequent
causes of this  affection, which is owing  to the air
 escaping from the air-passages, and insinuating
 itself  into the areolar texture surrounding the
 wound.  There  are some cases of  emphysema,
 which are owing to internal causes; and hence a
 division  has been  made  into the accidental and
 symptomatic, and the spontaneous and idiopathic.
   Emphysema Abdominis, Tympanites.
   Emphyse'ma of  the  Lungs, E. Pithno'num,
 Asthma  aereum ab  Emphyse'mate Pulmo'num,
 Pneumatosis  Pulmo'num, Pneiimonec'tasis, Pneu-
 viec'tasis,  (F.)  Pneumoectasie,  Emphyseme  du
 Puunion.  A considerable pressure  or  contusion
 of the chest, or any  violent concussion  of  the
 lung, may produce  a laceration in that  viscus,
 without injury being done to the parietes  of the
 thorax,  and may give place to the infiltration of
 air into the areolar texture, interlob' ular emphy-
 sema.  Laennec has described another species of
 emphysema of the lungs, Ycsic' ular emphysema,
 Aiii'/iiieiinionasie, Airopneumonectasie  of Piorry,
 consisting in  excessive dilatation of the air-cells,
 some of which become as large as hemp-seed, ul-
 timately break, and give rise to irregular vesicles
 at the surface of the lung,  some of which are as
 large as a hazel-nut.   Physical signs.    The tho-
  rax  externally, generally or locally, appears un-
  naturally convex and prominent.  The intercos-
  tal  spaces  are widened,  but  depressed.  The
  inspiratory efforts are increased.   The  sound on
  percussion is  morbidly clear, but not tympanitic.
  On auscultation, the inspiratory murmur is feeble
  or suppressed. The  expiration, which is more
  frequently audible,  is prolonged,  laborious and
  wheezing.  There are no certain  physical signs
  which  can distinguish   interlobular emphysema
  from the vesicular.
    Emphysema under the  pleuro-pulmonalis is
  termed, by Piorry, Airethmopneumonie.
    Emphysema Pectoris, Pneumothorax — e.
  Scroti, Physocele—e. Tympanites, Tympanites—
  o. Uteri, Hvsterophysis, Physotnetra.
    EMPHYSEMATOUS, Emphysemato'sus; same
  etymon. Relating or appertaining to emphysema.
    EMPHYSE31E, Emphysema—e. du^Poumon,
  Emphysema  of the  lungs.
    EM'PHYTUM  THERMUM, Biolychnium.
    EMPTRIC, Emplr-iens, from  tp-itctpta, (cv, and
  irrtpa, 'a  trial,') 'experience.'   One who  follows
  only experience.  A  sect of physicians, who re-
  jected all theory, and took for their guide expe-
  rience alone.  It was opposed  to the  dogmatic
  sect.  The Empiric  sect prevailed till near the
  time of Galen.  Among  its most eminent mem-
  bers, after Philinus  and Serapion, were Apollo-
  nius, Glaucias, Bacchius  of Tanagra, and Zeuxis,
  both disciples of Herophilus,—Heraclides of Ta-
  rentum, Oleophantus, master of Asclepiades, Me-
  nodotus of Nicomedia, and Theudas of Laodicea.
  They occupied themselves, chiefly, with discover-
  ing the properties of drugs, and did  important
  service, in this manner, to  medicine.
    At tbe present day, the woTd  Empiric is  only
  taken in a bad sense, being employed in nearly
 the same signification as charlatan or quack.
  EMPIRICE, Empiricism.
  EMPIR'ICISM ; same etymon. Emplrica Ars,
Empi'rice,  (F.)  Empirisme.   Medicine founded
on experience.   It generally, at the present day,
signifies quackery.
  EMPIRISME, Empiricism.
  EMPLASTICUS.   Same etymon as the next.
Also, a remedy which adheres, as a plaster, to tbe
surface, and in  this  manner may obstruct the
pores: an emphractio.
  EMPLASTRO-ENDERMIC, Endermic.
  EMPLASTRUM,  from the  Greek tpnXaaato,
(ev,  and itXaaattv, 'to form,')  'I  spread upon,'
(F.) Empldtre, Stiarati.  A solid and tenacious
compound, adhesive at the ordinary heat of the
human  body.  Some  of  the  plasters  owe  their
consistence to wax  and resin ; and others to tbe
chemical union which takes  place between tbe
semivitreous  oxide  of lead  and  oil.   Most  of
them become too consistent by age.  When such
is the case, they may be remelted by a gentle
heat, and oil be added to  them.
   Emplastrum Adh^esivum, Emplastrum resinae
— e. Adhassivum Woodstockii, see Sparadrapuin
Adhaesivum — e. Alexandri, Alexandrine — e. de
Althaea, Unguentum de Althaea.
   Emplastrum Ammoni'aci, Ammoni'acum Plas-
ter, (Ammoniac, pur.  ijv, acidi acetici dil.  Oss.
Dissolve the ammoniac in the vinegar and strain :
then evaporate the solution by means of a water-
bath, stirring constantly until it acquires a proper
consistence.—Ph. U. S.)   It is  used as  a discu-
tient plaster.
   Emplastrum Ammoni'aci  cum  Hydrar'gyro,
Ammoniacum plaster with mercury (Ammonitici
Ibj, hydrarg. ^iij, old oliv. fgj, sulphur,  gr. viij.
Rub the mercury with the oil  until the  globules
disappear, then  add  the ammoniac,  previously
melted, and mix.   Ph. U. S.
   Emplastrum Andrew  he Cruce, E. de pice et
resinis glutinans—e. Anglicum, see Sparadrapuin
adhassivum.
   Emplastrum Aromat'icum, Aromalic Plaster.
( Thurr's ^iij, eera fiava  .^ss. pulv. cort.  cinnam.
 15vj, ol. ess. Piment., ol. ess. Linton, aa (^ij.  Melt
 the frankincense and wax together, ami strain;
then add, as it cools, the cinnamon,  previously
rubbed with the oils, and form a plaster.  Ph.
 Dubl.)   Used as a  stimulating plaster.
   A spice plaster,  made by incorporating pow-
 dered cinnamon and any other spices with melted
suet, has been  used  in cholera infantum.  It is
 spread on  leather  or linen, and is renewed twice
 in  the twenty-four hours.
   Emplastrum Assafce'tid.e, E. antihyster'icum,
 Assafcetida plaster, (Ernp. plumb., Assnficet., sing.
 Ibj, Galban., Cera fiava, aa Ibss, Alcohol,  dibit.
 Oiij.  Dissolve the assafcetida and galbanum  in
 the alcohol, in a water-bath, strain while hot. and
 evaporate  to the consistence  of honey ;  add the
lead plaster and wax previously melted together,
stir the mixture well, and evaporate to the proper
consistence.—Ph.  U.  S.)  Used as an antispas-
 modic and anodyne plaster.
   Emplastrum Attrahens, E. ceras—e. Auricu-
lare, Hypotium.
   Emplastrum Bellaopn'n^;, Plaster of Bella-
don'na.   (Empl. resin. (:§iij, Ext.  Belladon. Jjiss.
Add the extract to the plaster, previously melted
in a water-bath, and mix.—Ph. U. S.)  An  ano-
dyne application in neuralgia and rheumatism.
   Emplastrum Calefa'cikxs, E. Picis cum can-
thar'ide,  (Ph. U. S.)  Calefa'cient plaster, Warm
 plaster, (F.)  Empldtre ichauffant.  (Cerat.  can-
 tharid (Ph. U. S.), Ibss, Picis abiet. Ibiijss. Melt
 together, and form into a plaster.  Ph.  U. S.)
 It is rubefacient and stimulant.
   Emplastrum Cantharidis, E. lyttae — e. Can- 
EMPLASTRUM             332             EMPLASTRUM
tharidis vesicatorii compositum,  E. lyttae comp.
—e. Cephalicum, E. picis comp.
  Emplastrum Cerae, E. simplex, E. Altrahens,
 Wax plaster.  (Cera fiava, Sen' Prap.  aa Ibiij,
resina fiava Ibj.   Melt  them together and strain.
Ph.  L.)  It has been considered  drawing.  It is
stimulating.
  Emplastrum Cicu't.*, E. de Cicu'td seu conii
maenln'ti,  Unguen'tum sol'idum de cicu'td. Hem-
lock plaster, (F.) Empldtre de eigne.   (Resina
abiet. 960 p. Cera fiav, 640 p. Picis alba, 418 p.
 01. cicuta  per decoct, praparat. 128 p.  Fol cicnt.
recent.  2000 p.   Melt  the  resins, wax and oil;
add the cicuta leaves, and boil;  strain and  add,
after having dissolved it in  vinegar of squills and
cicuta juice, gum ammoniac. 500  p.  Ph. Par.)
It is used as a discutient, especially to scirrhous
tumours.
   Emplastrum Citrinum, Unguentum  de althaea
—e. Commune, E. Plumbi—e. Commune cum re-
 sinS,, E. resinae—e. Conii, E. cicuta?.
   Emplastrum Cumi'ni, Cummin plaster.  (Cumin.
 semin., carui sem.,  lauri bacc. sing. ,^ii.j. picis
 acida Ibiij, cera fiava ,^iij.  Melt the pitch and
 wnx together, then  add  the other ingredients.
 Ph. L.)  It is used as a warm discutient plaster.
   Emplastrum Diachylon, Diachylon, E. plumbi
 —e. Divinum Nicolai, see Magnet—e. Emolliens,
 Unguentum dealthasa—e. Epispasticum, E. lyttas.
   Emplastrum Ferri, E. rob'orans, Iron Plaster,
 Strengthening Plaster.  (Ferri subcarb. t^iij, Ernp.
 plumbi, ibij, Picis abietis, Ibss.   Add the  sub-
 carbonate of iron to the lead plaster  and Bur-
 gundy pitch previously melted together, and stir
 constantly until they thicken upon cooling.—Ph.
 U. S.)
   Emplastrum Ferri Rubri, E.  oxidi  ferri rubri
 —o. Flavum, Unguentum de  althaea—e. ad Fon-
 ticulos, Ceratum Galeni.
   Emplastrum  Gal'bani,   Galb'anum  plaster,
 (Enijrl. litharg. Ibij, gum. galban.  Ibss, cera fiava.
 t^iv.  Melt the galbanum before adding the plas-
 ter and wax, then melt all together.  Ph. D.)  A
 stimulant  and  discutient.
   Emplastrum  Gal'bani  Compos'itum.  E.  li-
 thar'gyri  compos'itum, Drach'ylon magnum cum
 gummi, Compound galbanum plaster.  ( Galb. ^ viij,
 Etnp.  plnrnbi,  Ibiij, tereb. vulg. t^x, abietis resin.
 contus. ^iij.  Melt the galbanum  and turpentine
 together, then mix in  the  resin,  and afterwards
 the plaster, previously melted.  Ph.  U. S.) It is
 Ftimulant  and discutient.
   Emplastrum  Glutinosum, see Sparadrapum
 adhassivum—e. cum Gummatibus, E. gummosum.
   Emplastrum Gummo'sum,  Emplastrum lithar'-
 gyri cum gummi seu cum gummat'ibus seu e gitm-
 malibns resino'sis seu  Ox'ydi Plumbi semivit'rei
 gummo'sum, Gum plaster, Diachylon cum gummi,
 Yellow or gum diach'ylnn.  (Emp. plumbi p. viii,
 ammoniac, galbani, cera flora, aa, p. i.  Ph. E.)
 Properties and uses like the last.
   Emplastrum  e  Gummatibus   Resinosis,  E.
 gummosum.
   Emplastrum  cum Gummi-Resi'nis, (F.)  Em-
pldtre  de  gomme risinc. Diachylon gommi, Plas-
 ter  ofi gum  resins.  (Emplastr.   sirrrpl. p. 1600,
 cera fiava, p. 96, picis alba, p.  96, terebinth, p.
 95.  Melt by a gentle heat, and add gum ammo-
 niac, p. 32, bdellium, 32,  galban. 32, and sagape-
 num, p. 32.  Dissolve in  a sufficient quantity of
 alcohol, evaporate to the consistence  of honey,
 and mix carefully all together.   Ph. P.)  A dis-
 cutient.
   Emplastrum Hyorar'gyri, Emplastr.  lithar'-
 gyri cum  hydrar'gyro,  3Iercu.'.riul plaster.  (Hy-
 drarg. %vj, ol. oliv., resin, aa ^ij, emplast. plumbi,
 Ibj.  Melt the oil and  resin  together,  and when
 cool rub the mercury with them till the  globules
 disappear; then gradually add the lead plaster,
previously melted, and mix all. Ph. U. S.)  It is
stimulant, resolvent, and discutient.  Applied as
a discutient to venereal and other tumours.
  Emplastrum  Hydrar'gyri Compos'itum,  E,
de hydrar'gyro compos'itum seu de  Vigo cum mer-
cilrio emenda'tum. Compound plaster of mer'cury,
(Empl. siui/,1. p. 1250, cera fiava,  p. 64, resina,
p. 64.  Melt, and  before it congeals add pulv. g.
ammoniac, p. 20, bdellium, p. 20,  oliban.  p. 20,
myrrh,  p. 20,  saffron,  p. 12.  Mix  carefully,
Take of mercury,  p. 3S0, pure turpentine, p. 64,
liquid and pure storax, p. 192.  Triturate in an
iron mortar till the globules  disappear: melt  all
together,  and before congealing add essential  oil
ofi Lavender, p. 8.  Phar. P.)  The  same pro-
perties as the last.
  Emplastrum  Ichthyocoi.LvE tel^e  inducti m,
see  Sparadrapum adhassivum — e. Irritans,  E.
lyttas —e. Lithargyri, E. Plumbi — e.  Lithargyri
compositum, E.  galbani compositum — e. Lithar-
gyri cum gummi, E. gummosum — e. Lithargyri
cum hydrargyro, E.  hydrargyri — e.  Lithargyri
cum resina,  E.  resina? — e. Lithargyricum cum
resina pini, E. resina?.
  Emplastrum  Lytt^5, E. canthar'idis sen can.
tharidis vesicato'rii seu meloes vesicatorii, E. vesi-
catorium, E. epi spas'ticum seu e cantharielibusepis.
pas'ticttm solid'ius et tena'cius harens seu irritans
seu  rnbefi'ans, Plaster ofi the Spanish or blistering
fly,  Blistering Plaster, Ply Plaster.  (Cantharides,
in powder, Ibj, Emp. cera tbiss, udipis. prap. Ibj.
Melt the plaster and lard together, and  as the
mixture  becomes  thick, on  cooling, sprinkle  in
the flies, and mix.  Pharm. L.)  This is the com-
mon blistering plaster. Too much  heat must nut
be used in its preparation.   It requires to remain
on  six or eight hours before  its full effect is in-
duced, and it acts sufficiently well,  provided even
a piece of thin gauze  or tissue paper be placed
between it and the skin, whilst absorption  of the
flies is thus  prevented.  See  Blister.   The Blis-
tering Plaster of the  Pharmacopoeia of the United
States, Cera'tum Canthar'idis,  is made as follows:
— Cantharid. in pulv. subtiliss., Ibj, cera fiava,
resina, aa ,^vij, adipis, t^x.   To the wax, resin,
and lard, previously  melted,  add the  Spanish
flies, and  stir the mixture  constantly until cool.
  Emplastrum  Lyttae  Compos'itum,  E. can-
thar'idis vesicato'rii compos'itum seu meloes vesi-
cato'rii compos'itum,  Compound plaster of can-
thar'ides or Spanish flies.  (Resin, liq. pini laricis.
p. 18, resina concret. pini  abietis,  meloes vesicat.
aa  p. 12, cera fiava,  p. 4, subacet. cupri, p. ij,
semin. sinapis alb., fruct. pip. nigr. aa  p. j. Melt
the pitch  and wax, then add  the turpentine, and
as these cool sprinkle in the other  substances, in
the  form  of powder, so  as  to make a plaster,
Ph.  E.)   The  same properties as the last,  but
more energetic and speedy in  its action.
  Emplastrum  Meloes Vesicatorii, E. lytta? —
e. Meloes vesicatorii  comp., E. lyttas comp. — e.
Mucilaginosum,  Unguentum de althasa —e.  Ni-
grum of  Augsburg, see Magnet.
  Emplastrum  Norimbergen'se,  E. ex  ox'ido
plumbi rubro campho'ratum, Empldtre de Nttrem-.
berg, Nuremberg plaster.   (Oxid. jdttmb. rubr. p.
300, ol. oliv. p. 600, aquae, q. s.  Boil until the
oxide is  dissolved, and almost to  dryness. Re-
move the vessel  from the fire and add yellow wax,
p. 500.   Put the vessel again on  the fire, and
after the wax is melted, add, before it congeals,
camphor, .p. 24: mix.  Ph. P.)  It is  considered
a desiccative, and has been  employed in gan-
grene.
  Emplastrum  Nygmaticum,  E. resinas.
  Emplastrum  Opii,  O'pium  Plaster.  (Opii in
pulv. gij, Picis  abiet.  ^iij  ; emplastr. plumbi ftj,
aq. bullient. f ,^iv. Melt together the lead plaster
and Burgundy  pitch; then add the opium pre- 
EMPLASTRUM             33
viously mixed with  the water,  and boil over a I
gentle fire to the proper consistence.—Ph. U. S.)
It is employed as an  anodyne, and to give sup-
port.
   Emplastrum Ox'ini  Ferri  Rubri,  E. Ferri
rubri seu Rob'orans, Plaster of red oxide of iron,
Strength'ening Plaster.  (Empl. oxid. plumb, senri-
vitr. p.  xxiv, resina  pin. p. vi, cera fiava, old I
olea Em-op. sing. p. iij, oxidi ferri rubr. p. viij.
Rub the red oxide of iron with the oil, and add
the other ingredients  melted.   Ph.  E.)   It is
employed as a strengthening plaster.
   Emplastrum  ex  Oxido  plumbi semivitreo,
 E. plumbi—e. Oxidi plumbi semivitrei, E. plumbi
 —E. Oxidi plumbi semivitrei gummosum, E. gum-
 mosum—e.  Phoeniceum, Diapalma — e. ex Oxido
 plumbi  rubro  compositum,  E.  Norimbergense
 — e. Picis,  E.  Picis Burgundicas, E. Picis com-
 positum.
   Emplastrum  Picis  Burgun'oic^e,  E. Picis,
 Burgundy Pitch or Pitch Plaster, (Picis Bur-
 gund. tbvj,  cera fiava, Ibss.— Ph.  U.  S.)
   Emplastrum Picis Compos'itum,  E. picis ce-
  phal'icum,   Cephalic plaster,  Compound pitch
 plaster.  (Picis arid.  Ibij,  abietis  resina  Ibj,
 resina fiava, cera fiava, aa .^iv, myrist.  ol.. ijj,
 ol. oliv., aqua, aa f 3jij.   To the pitch, resin, and
 wax, melted together, add the other  matters and
 mix.  Ph.  L.)  It is stimulant and rubefacient.
  Sometimes  used in headach,—applied to the tem-
  ples.  See Depilatory.
   Emplastrum Picis cum  Cantharide,  E.  Ca-
  lefaciens.
   Emplastrum de Pice et Resi'nis Glu'ti-
  NANS, E. Andrea de  Cruce, Empldtre tlAndri de
  la Croix, ou collant de  poix et  lie risines, Adhe-
  sive plaster of pitch and resins.  (Picis alba, p.
  128, resin  elemi, p. 32, terebinth, pur.  p. 16. ol.
  laur. p. 16.   Melt with a gentle  heat,  and pass
  through linen.  Ph. P.)  Used in contusions and
  fractures as a support.
    Emplastrum Plumbi, E. lythar-'gyri seu com-
  mit''ne  sen  lUach'ylum seu ox'idi  plumbi semivi-
  trei seu  ex oxido plumbi semivitreo, Diach'ylon
  simplex,  White Diach'ylon, Lead or Diach'ylon
  plaster.  (Plumbi oxid.  setnivitr. in pulv. Ibv.,
  olei oli,., cong., aqua Oij.  Boil  together over a
  slow  fire, stirring constantly until  the  oil  and
  oxide of lead cohere.   Ph.  U. S.)
    Emplastrum Polychrestum, E. resinns.
    Emplastrum Potass'ii Ion'mi, Plaster of I'o-
  dide of Potass' ium (Potass, iodid. ^j,  Thuris, ^vj ;
   Cera, ^vj, ol. oliv. f^ij.  Ph. L.)   This  plaster,
  spread on leather, is applied to indolent tumours.
    Emplastrum  Resi'.we, E. adhaslvurn seu li-
  thar'gyri cum resi'na seu resino'sum  seu nygmal-
  icitm seu commit'ne cum resina seu Polychres'turn
  seu lithargyr'icum cum resi'na pini; Resin,  Ad-
  he 'sive or  Sticking plaster.   (Resin,  tbss. emp.
  plumb. Ibiij.  Melt the plaster, with a gentle heat,
  add the resin, and mix.  Ph. U. S.)   Employed
  in wounds and ulcers.
    Baynton's adhesive plaster is made by  melting
  one pound of lead plaster and six  drachms of
  resin together.
    Emplastrim  Resinosum,  E. Resinae—e. Ro-
  borans, E. Ferri (Ph. U. S.), E. oxidi  ferri rubri
  —e. Rubefians, E. lyttae.
    Emplastrum  Sapo'nis, E. sapona'ceum, Soap
   plaster.    (Su/ronis  concis.  -yiv,  emplast. plumb.
  Ibiij.  Mix the soap with the melted plaster, and
  boil to a proper consistence.   Ph. U. S.)   It is a
  mild  discutient.  Applied to tumours, corns, Ac.
    Emplastrum  Simplex, E. cerae—e.  Spermatis
  ceti, Ceratum cetacei.
    Emplastrum  Thuris, Frank'incense  plaster.
  \Einp. lithargyri, Ibij, thuris, Ibss,  oxid. ferri.
3                EMPYEMA
rubr. ^iij, Ph. D.), Use :—the same as tbe plaster
of red oxide of iron.
  Emplastrum Vesicatorium, Blister, E. lyttae
—e. de Vigo cum mercurio emendatum, E. hy-
drargyri compositum.
  E31PLATRE, Emplastrum—e. d'Andri  de  la
Croix, Emplastrum de pice etresinis  glutinans—
e. de  Cigne,  Emplastrum cicutas —e. Collant de
poix  et de risines, Emplastrum de pice et resinis
glutinans—e. de  Gomrne risine, Emplastrum cum
gummi-resinis — e. de  Nuremberg,  Emplastrum
Norimbergense.
  EMPLATTOMENOS, Emphracticus.
  _ EMPNEUMATOSIS,  Emphysema,  Inspira-
tion.
  EMPOISONNEMFNT, Poisoning.
  EMPO'RIUM, cpttoptov,  (ep, ' in,'  and ttopcvta,
' I  transport or send.'   The  brain was so called,
of  old, because there all the  mental affairs are
transacted.
   Emporium Spirituum,  Sensorium.
   EMPOSIS, Imbibition.
   EMPRETNTE, Impression.
   EMPRESIS, Empresma.
   EMPRES'MA, Empres'mus, Empre'sis,  from
 tpirpnSui,  ' future,'  cuirpyatd, ' I burn internally.'
 Inflammation.   Phlegma'tia membrano'sa et pa-
 rynchymato'sa, Phlogis'tici, Febres contirtua in-
 jlammato'ria,  Infiamrna'tio inter'na,  Call ma, In-
 ter'mil  infiammation.   A  genus  in  the  class
 hamatica, order  ph/ogotica, of Good.
   Empresma Bronchitis, Cynanche trachealis—
 e. Bronchlemmitis, Cynanche  trachealis—e. Car-
 ditis, Carditis—e. Cephalitis,  Phrenitis—e. Cys-
 titis,  Cystitis—e. Enteritis,  Enteritis—e. Gastri-
 tis, Gastritis—e. Hepatitis, Hepatitis—e. Hyster-
 itis, Metritis—e.  Nephritis, Nephritis—e. Orchitis,
 Hernia humoralis — e.  Otitis,  Otitis — e. Paristh-
 mitis, Cynanche—e. Paristhmitis tonsillaris ma-
 ligna, Cynanche maligna—e. Paristhmitis  pha-
 ryngea, Cynanche  pharyngea — e.  Paristhmitis
 tonsillaris, Cynanche tonsillaris—e. Parotitis, Cy-
 nanche paroti.dasa—e. Peritonitis, Peritonitis—e.
 Peritonitis mesenterica, Mesenteritis—e. Periton-
 itis omentalis, Epiploitis—e. Pleuritis, Pleuritis—
 e.  Pleuritis diaphragmatica,  Diapbragmitis — e.
 Pneumonitis. Pneumonia—e. Splenitis, Splenitis.
   EMPRESMUS, Empresma.
   EM'PRION, from tv, and ttpaav, 'a saw.'  Ser-
 rated.   Galen has given this name  to the pulse,
 when tbe sensation produced by the  artery under
 the fingers is  analogous  to  that which would be
 caused bv tbe unequal  teeth of a saw.
   EMPROSTIIOCYRTOMA,  Lordosis.
   EMPROSTIIOT'ONOS, Emprosthoton'ia, En-
 ta'sia  tet'arrus  anti'cus. Tetanus anticus,  from
 cuitpoaSev,  'forwards,'  and rcivm,  'I stretch,  'I
 extend.'   A variety of  tetanus, in which the body
 is drawn forwards by the permanent contraction
 of the muscles,
   EMPSYCHO'SIS.  from   epij.vXotjt,  (cp, and
 ipvXn, 'life,')  'I animate,'  'I vivify.'  A  word
 formerly used for the act of animating.  The union
 of the soul with' the body.
   EMPTOE, Haemoptysis.
   EMPTOICA  PASSIO, Ilasmoptysis.
   EMPTYSTS,  Hasmoptysis.
   EMPTYSMA. Sputum.
   EMPYE. Empyema.
   EMPYE'MA, Empye'sis, Em'pye, from cp, 'in,'
 and  irvov, ' pus.'   Aposte'ma empye'ma.  A collec-
 tion  of blood or pus, and, conventionally, of other
 fluid, in  some cavity of the  body,  and particu-
 larly in that of  the pleura.   Empyema is one of
j the terminations of inflammation  of the pleura,
 and  is called also, Pyotho'rax  rents, Pleurorrhop'a
  purulen'ta, Diapye'ma. Ecpye'ma, Ecpye'sis, Em-
I  pye'sis seu Pyo'sis pec'toris, Hydrothti'rax piirrt.
!  lerltus,   Dyspnie'a  pyothorac"ica,  Pneumo'nia 
EMPYESIS               334               EMULSUM
suppurato'ria, Absces'siis pec'toris seu  Thora'cis,
Pleura paste'ma,  Pleuropye'sis,  (F.)  Empyeme,
Pyapleurite.
  The operation for empyema properly  means the
making of an  opening into  the  thorax for the
purpose of giving issue to the matter collected in
the  cavity of the pleura, although  it has  been
used for the operation required for the evacuation
of any  fluid  from  the chest, or  synonymously
with Parencentesis thoracis.
   EMPYE'SIS;  same  etymon.   Suppuration.
An  eruption  of phlegmonous pimples, gradually
filling with a purulent fluid, and  terminating in
thick scabs,  frequently  leaving  pits  or scabs.
Pus'titious Exarlthem.  A genus in the order Ex-
anthematica,  class Hamatica of Good.   See Em-
pyema.
   Empyesis  Oculi, Hypopyon—e. Pectoris, Em-
pyema—e. Variola, Variola.
   EMPYMELIUM  POLYSARCIA, Polysarcia
adiposa.
   EMPYOCE'LE, from cp, 'in,' irvov,  'pus,' and
KnXn, 'tumour,' 'hernia.'  A  tumour, formed  by
an accumulation of pus in  the  scrotum.   Diffe-
rent diseases  have  been described under this
name, such as  suppuration of the testicle, empy-
ema of the tunica vaginalis,  accumulation of pus
 in the cavity  of a hernial sac, abscesses of dif-
ferent kinds  formed in the cellular texture of the
 scrotum, Ac.
   EMPYOM'PHALUS, from cp, 'in,' rrvov, 'pus,'
 and optpaXos, 'the  navel.'   This  word has been
used to  designate a  suppurating tumour at the
 umbilicus ; or,  at times, umbilical hernia,  the sac
 of which is filled with blood.
   EMPYOS, Purulent.
   EMPYREU'MA, from epnvpevoi,  (cp, and irvp,
 'fire,')  'I kindle.'   The burnt smell and  acrid
 taste, which  volatile products—gaseous and liquid
 —contract, when animal or vegetable  substances
 are decomposed by  a strong  heat.   The  cause
 of this smell is seated in an  oil, called empyreu-
 mat'ic, which does not exist  in the substance sub-
 jected to the  operation, but is the result  of its
 decomposition.  If the empyreuma occurs  when
 the organic  substance is placed in a  still with a
 liquid, it is  owing to the solid matter touching
 the bottom  of the vessel to  which the fire is ap-
 plied.
   EMPYREUMAT'IC, Empyreumat'icus;  same
 etymon.   Belonging to empyreuma,—as  an em-
 pyrenrnatic  odour.
   EM'PYROS,  Febric"itans.     Same  etymon.
 One who has fever.—Hippocrates.
   EMS,  MINERAL WATERS OF.   Celebrated
 springs  on  the  river Lahn, duchy of Nassau.
 They are thermal (from 83 to  115° Fahrenheit,)
 and carbonated  salines, containing carbonic acid,
 bicarbonate  of soda,  and chloride of sodium ; and
 are much used  in  gastric  and  intestinal  affec-
 tions, Ac.
   EMUL'GENT, Emnl'gens, from  emulgere, (e,
 and mulgere,  mulsum,) ' to  milk out,' ' to draw
 out.'  A name given to the renal artery and vein,
 because the  ancients imagined they milked, as it
 were, the urine through the  kidneys.  See Renal.
   EMUL'SIFY, (F.) Emulsionner, from emulsio,
 and fio, 'to  become.'   To make or form an  emul-
 sion.
   EMULSIN, see Amygdalin.
   EMUL'SIO, Emul'sum, Emulsion; same ety-
 mon.  A pharmaceutical preparation,  of a milky-
 white opaque appearance, which  is  composed of
 oil, divided  and held in suspension in water by
 means  of mucilage.  Emulsions have been di-
 vided into the true and oily, and into the false
 or not oily ;  the  latter being  composed of resinous
substances, balsams, or camphor, rubbed up with
dilute alcohol, mucilage,  or yolk of egg.
  Emulsio Aca'cia, E.  Arab'ica, Gum Ar'ubie
Emulsion.  (Xucleor. amygd. comm.  ^j, aqua
lbijss.,  mucilag.  acac. ^ij, sacch. !Jiv.   While
beating the decorticated  almonds with the sugnr
and water, add the mucilage.—Ph. E.)  Used in
the same cases  as the next.   Under  the name
Mistu'ra  Aca'cia, Gum   Ar'abic  Mixture,  the
Edinburgh  Pharmacopoeia  has the  following.
Mucilag. Acacia f^i'j \  Amygdal. itulc. ^j, and
^ij;  Sacchar.  £v ;  Aqua  Oij, (Imper.  meas.)
Blanch the almonds; peel them; beat to a smooth
pulp first with the sugar, and then with the mu-
cilage; add the  water  gradually, stirring con-
stantly, and strain through linen or calico.
  Emulsio Amyg'dala,  E.  Simplex, Lac amyg'-
dala, Amygdala'turn, Mistu'ra amygdala, Emul-
sio sive Lac Amygdala'rum or Almond Emulsion;
.Mixture or  31 ill; (F.) Lait  d'amandes.  (Amy;/.
dal. dule. ^ss; Acacia,  in  pulv.  %**; Sacchar.
3'j ; Aqua  destillat.  f'^viij.   Macerate the al-
monds  in water, and having  removed their ex-
ternal  coat, beat them with the gum Arabic and
sugar,  in a marble mortar, till they are thoroughly
mixed; then rub  the mixture with the distilled
water  gradually  added,  and strain.—Ph. U. S.)
It is used as a diluent and demulcent.
  Emulsio  Antihysterica, Mistura asafoetida?
—e. Arabica,  Emulsio acacias Arabicas.
  Emulsio Cam'phora!.E. Camphora'ta, 3listu'm
Camphora; Camphor Emulsion.  (Camphora"!}'),
amygd, com. decortic, sacch.  dur., aa Jiv, ttquce
^vj.—Ph. E.)   A convenient form for giving
camphor.
  Emulsio  Guaiacina,  Mistura guaiaci — e.Le-
niens,  Looch ex ovo.
  Emulsio  O'lei Amygoala'rum; Emulsion of
Oil of Almonds, (Ol. amygd. fk], gum acac. pule.
£ij, syrup, ^j, aqua destill. giv.  Mix. A good
pectoral or cough mixture.
  Emulsio  O'lei Ric"ini;  Castor Oil Emrthlan
(01. ricini 3jss, vitelli ovi q. s., aqua destillat. ^j.)
An aperient draught.
  Emulsio O'lei Terebin'thiNjE ; Emulsion of
Oil of Tur'pentine, (Ol. tereb. rect. Qij,  sneeh.
alb. Jfss, vitell. ovi j, eniuls. amygd. vel aqua de-
stillat. t^vj.  Mix.  In rheumatic and nephritic
affections.  Dose  f^iss.
  Emulsio Oleosa, Looch ex ovo.
  Emulsio  Purgans cum  Jala'pje Resi'na,
Purging  Emulsion with   Resin  of Jalap.   (Ja-
lapa resin, gr. xij. sacch. alb. gij.  Triturate for
some time, and  add gradually  half the yolk of
an egg; continue to triturate, adding by degrees
ernuls. simpl. £v, aq. fior. anrant.  ^ij.—Ph. P.)
   Emulsio Purgans cum Scammo'nio; Purging
Emulsion with  Scammony.   It  is prepared like
the preceding,  substituting only  Scammony for
the jalap.
   Emulsio Simplex, E.  Amygdalas.
•   EMULSION,  Emulsio —e. Almond, Emulsio
amygdalae—e. Camphor, Emulsio  Camphors—e.
Castor oil, Emulsio olei  ricini — e. Gum Arabic,
Emulsio acacia? Arabicas— e. Huileuse, Looch ex
ovo—e. of Oil of Almonds, Emulsio olei amygda-
larum—e. of Oil of Turpentine, Emulsio olei tere-
binthinas—e.  Purging, with resin of jalap, Emul-
sio purgans cum jalapas  resina—e. Purging, with
scammony, Emulsio purgans  cum scammonio.
   E3TULSIONNER, Emulsify.
   EMUL'SIVE, Emulslvus ; same etymon.  An
epithet  given  to seeds  whence oil  may be ex-
tracted by expression ; such as almonds, apricoU,
peaches, hemp,  rape, melons,  gourds; those of
the nut kind,  and cucurbitaceous and cruciferous
plants in general.
   EMULSUM, Emulsion. 
EMUNCTORIUM            33
  EMUNCTORIUM,  Emunctory—e. Cerebri,
Nanus.
  EMUNCTORY, Emuncto'rium, from emungere,
(e, and mungere, munctum,) 'to drain off,' 'to
cleanse.'   Einissa'rium, (F.) Einonctoire.  Emis-
saire.  Any organ whose office it is to give issue
to matters which ought to be excreted.  The an-
cients  believed that some organs were more par-
ticularly destined  to  serve  as emunctories  of
others; the nasal fossae, for example, they believed
to be tbe emunctories of  the brain.
   KM UN DA NTT A.  Detergents.
   EMYS PALUSTRIS. Salt  Water  Ter'rapin.
 This species of turtle is found exclusively in salt
 or brackish waters, near  the sea shore, along the
 whole Atlantic coast.  It is much prized by tbe
 epicure, and  is nutritious and tolerably easy of
 digestion when dressed plain.
   EN, see  Em.
   EXA DELPHIA, Emboitement.
   EX /EM A, Hasmostatica.
   EN.EMOX, Styptic.
   EN.EORE'MA, from  cv, 'in,' and  atupcut, 'I
 lift up,' 'that which  hangs or  floats in.'   (F.)
 Enioreme.  The Neph'ele,  Nubes, Sublimameil-
 tum, Snblima'tio,  Subli'me, Susperlsum, S. Url-
 na, Snspen'sa, Nubec'ula or cloud, which is sus-
 pended in  the urine as it cools.
   ENAMEL, E. of the teeth, (en, and  (F.) Small,)
 Den'tiuin  Nitor, Cortex, C. stria'ta,  Siibstan'tia
  filnmcnto'sa of Malpighi,  S. Adaman'tina  seu
 rit'rea,  Crusta  Den'tiuin adaman'tina, Adaman-
 tine or vitreous substance.   (F.) Substance vitrSe
  ou  imaillie, Email  des  Dents.   The substance
  which covers the coronas of the teeth.  The ena-
  mel is of a milky white colour, and sufficiently
  hard to strike fire with steel.  Its surface is very
  smooth and  polished, and it forms  a thicker
  layer towards the part  where the teeth come in
  contact, and becomes thinner towards the cervix.
  The fibres of the/enamel are perpendicular to the
  surface of the teeth, on the ivory of which they
  seem, as  it were, planted.   This gives  them  a
  velvety appearance, when  examined  by  the mi-
  croscope.   The enamel  has no blood vessels, and
  is  not renewed when  removed.  It is formed of
  phosphate of lime, and a very small  portion of
  animal matter.  A  delicate membrane covers the
  enamel — cuticle  of the enamel, Nasrnytlls mem-
  brane; but so closely united with  it, that it can
  be demonstrated only by the use of chlorohydric
  acid.
     Enamel,  Cuticle of  the, see Enamel.
     ENAXTIIE'MA,  same  etymon  as the next.
  A  name recently given to certain eruptions of the
  mucous  membrane, as  exanthema is to  certain
   eruptions of the skin.
     EXANTHE'SIS,  from cv,  'in,' and avSeu, 'I
   flourish.'  Rash exarlthem.  Eruption of red, level
   or nearly level, patches, variously figured, irre-
   gularly diffused, often confluent, and terminating
   in euticular exfoliations.   A  genus in the order
   Exanthemutica, class Hamutica, of Cullen, inclu-
   ding scarlet fever, measles, Ac.
     Enanthesis Rosalia, Scarlatina—e. Urticaria,
   Urticaria.
     EXAXTIOPATIIIC, Palliative.
     KXARTHRO'SIS.   Inarticula'tio,  Ball  and
   Socket-joint, from cv, 'in^grnd apSputcts, 'an arti-
   culation.'  A kind  of diarthrodial articulation, in
   which the head  of a bone  is received  into the
   cavity of another, ami can be moved in all direc-
   tions.  The joint of the  os  femoris with the os-
   innominatuin is one of  this character.
     EXARTHRUM, from cv,  'in,'  and apOpov, 'a
   joint.'  A foreign body in a joint.
     EXAUSMA. Fomites.
     EXCANTI1IS, from cv, 'in,' and KaiQos, 'the
ENCEPIIALO IIP MIE
angle of.the eye.'  A tumour, formed by an in"
crease in size, or a degeneration, of the caruncula
lacrymalis.   Any morbid growth  in  the inner
angle of the eye.
  Encanthis Benig'na.  Simple excrescence of
tbe caruncula.  It commonly yields to astringent
collyria.
  Encanthis Fungo'sa.   A condition of the  se-
milunar fold and  lachrymal caruncle, in  which
they are the seat of morbid growths.
  Encanthis  Inflammato'ria.    Inflammation
with enlargement—swelling — of the semilunar
fold and lachrymal caruncle.
  Encanthis  Malig'na  has  often a cancerous
character, and requires extirpation before it has
attained any considerable size.
   ENCARDITIS, Endocarditis.
   ENCARPOS, Pregnant.
   ENCASING, Emboitement.
   ENCATALEPSIS, Catalepsy.
   ENCATHIS'MA, Semicu'pinm.  With the an-
cients Encathis'ma, eyKaStopa, (cv, and Kadt^ur, 'I
seat upon,') meant a vapour-bath taken  sitting.
   ENCAU'MA, from cv, 'in,' and <cauu>, 'I burn.'
Epiciiu'mis, Epicmlsis,  Encau'sis.   A  tumour
produced by a burn.  A burn.   Also,  an ulcer
of the transparent cornea, occasioning loss of the
humours.—Ac'tius, Gorrasus.
   EXCAUSIS, Burn, Encauma. Moxibustion.
   ENCAUSSE. MINERAL WATERS OF.  En-
 causse is  a village  in  the  department  of  the
 Ilaute-Garonne, which possesses several  saline,
 acidulous springs.
   ENCAVURE,  Argema.
   ENCEINTE, Pregnant.
   EXCEXS, Juniperus lycia.
   FNCENS1ER. Rosmarinus.
   EN CEPHALALGIA,  Cephalalgia—e. Hydro-
 pica, Hydrocephalus interims.
   ENCEPHAL'IC, Encephalicus, from cv,  'in,'
 and KctpaXr/, 'the head.'   That which is situate in
 the head.  A name given to several  parts which
 relate  to the encephalon, as the encephalic mem-
 brane, muscles, Ac.
    ENCEPHALITIS, from Encephalon, and itis,
 denoting inflammation.  This term has been used,
 by some nosologists, synonymously with  Cepha-
 litis and Phrenitis.  By others, it has been ap-
 propriated  to  inflammation of the brain, in con-
 tradistinction to that of  the membranes.
    Encephalitis  Exsutiatoria,  Hydrocephalus
 internus — e. Infantum,  Hydrocephalus internus
 —e. Insolationis, Coup-de-soleil—e. Membranosa,
 Meningitis—e. Peripherica, Meningitis—e. Pota-
 torum, Delirium tremens.
    ENCEPHALIUM, Cerebellum.
    ENCEPHALOCE'LE, from  encephalon, and
 *»?>(;,  'a tumour.'   Hernia  seu  Fungus Cerebri,
 Cranioce'le, Hernia  of the Brain.  This may be
 a  congenital or accidental affection.   In the for-
 mer ease, it is  dependent upon tardy ossification
 of the  fontanelles or  some faulty conformation.
 In the latter, it  is  owing to some  considerable
 loss of substance  in the parietes of the cranium,
 produced  by  fractures,  wounds with  a  cutting
 instrument, caries,  the  application  of the  tre-
 phine,  Ac.  In  slight congenital encephalocele,
 gentle pressure may be exerted upon the protruded
 portion.   When  tbe disease  is  of  considerable
 extent, it  is fatal.   In accidental encephalocele,
 similar means must be  used  for confining the
 tumour, and  preserving it  from the action of
 external bodies.
    ENCEPHALOCHYSIS, Hydrocephalus inter-
 nus—e. Senilis, Apoplexy, serous.
    ENCEPHALODYNIA, Cephalalgia.
    ENCEPHALOILEMIA, Cephalasmia.
    ENOEPHALOtlEMIE, Cephalasmia. 
ENCEPHALOID
336
ENCYSTIS
  ENCEPH'ALOID, Encephaloi'des, Ceph'aloitl,
Cephali/ldes, Cephalo'nia,  from encephalon, and
ei&os, 'resemblance.'  Lacnnec has given the term
Eiiceph'aloid or Cer'ebri form matter to one  of
the morbid substances commonly formed by scir-
rhous or cancerous tumours.  It is either encysted,
in irregular masses without  cysts, or infiltrated
into the  texture of the diseased organ.  This
name was given to it in consequence of its  re-
semblance, when fully developed, to the medul-
lary substance  of the brain.  It is  also called
Fungus medulla'ris  seu  Cancro'sus medulla'ris
Seu  Cerebra'lis, Sarco'ma  medulla're, Spongoid
infiammation, Cancer cerebrifor'me seu mollis  seu
medulla'ris, Carc.ino'ma  medulla're seu  spongio'-
surn, Card'mis spongio'sits. Struma fungo'sa, 3Tye-
lo'ma,  3fycloin'yces, Myelusporlgus, Tela acciden-
ta'lis medulla'ris, (F.) Matiere ceribriforme, Car-
cinome man et spnngeux, Tiirnenr enciphalo'itle  ou
spongieuse  ou  ossivore ou  jjulpeuse  ou  fongtiidc
OU fongueuse ou spliniforme, Fongus midullaire,
Carcinoiue sanglant. Cancer mou ou enciphalo'ide
ou midullaire ; 3lilt-like tumour, 3Ied'iillary sar-
coma.  Cellular  cancer,  Fungoid or Hamatocer'-
ebriforrn disease.  See Cancer.
  Encephaloid Tumour of the Lung,  Phthisis,
cancerous.
  ENCEPIIALOLOG"IA, from encephalon, and
Xoyos,  'a description.'  A description of the  en-
cephalon.
  ENCEPIIALOMALACIA, Mollities cerebri.
  ENCEPHALOMALAXIS, Mollities cerebri.
  ENCEPHALO-MENINGITIS,   Meningo-ce-
phalitis.
  ENCEPH'ALON, Enceph'alum,  Encepllahis,
Enkeph'alon;  from cv,  'in,' and  KetpaXr], 'the
bead.'  That which is situate in the head.  This
name has generally been given  to the brain, cere-
bellum, and mesocephalon.  At  times, it includes
likewise the medulla spinalis, when it is also called
the  Cer'ebro-spinal, and  Neural axis.   Under
the term Craniospinal axis or  centre ofi automa-
tic  actions,  Dr.  Carpenter  includes  the sensory
ganglia — the  respiratory and  stomato-gastric
ganglia forming the centre of the medulla  ob-
longata and the spinal  ganglia  or true spinal
cord.
   ENCEPHALOPATHI'A,  (F.)  Endphalopa-
thie,  from encephalon,  and  rzudos,  'disease.'  A
disease of the encephalon.
  Encephalopathy  Literato'rum.  The con-
dition of brain, supposed to be produced by over-
tasking it.
   Encephalopathy Puerperalis, Mania, puer-
peral— e.  Saturnina, see Enciphalopathie satur-
nine.
  ENCEPHAL OP A THIE, Encephalopathia —
e. Craprileuse, Delirium tremens.
  ENCEPHALOPATHY SATURNINE,  En-
eephalopathi'a Saturni'nit.  Encephalic disorder
occasioned by the poison of lead.
  ENCEPHALOPHY'MATA,  Phymato'ses  seu
Strritno'ses seu  Tttber'cula cer'ebri;  from ence-
phalon, and ,pvpa,  ipvparos, 'a tumour.'  Tuber-
cles of the brain.
  ENCEPHALOPHTHISIS, see Encephalopyo-
sis.
  ENCEPHALOPYO'SIS, from encephalon,  and
irvov, 'pus.' Aposte'ma sen Absces'siis seu Helco'-
eis cer'ebri.  Suppuration  of the brain. When
accompanied with  emaciation  and  hectic, it  is
called Encephalopthlsis.
  ENCEPIIALO RACHIDIAN,  Cephalo-spinal.
  ENCEPHALORRHAGIA, see Apoplexy.
  ENCEPHALOSCOPIA, Craniology.
  ENCEPHALOSEPSIS,  Mollities cerebri.
  ENCEPHALOSIS  OF THE LIVER, Hepato-
ecirrhus.
  ENCEPHALOSISMUS,  Concussion  of  the
brain.
  ENCEPHALOSTRUMOSIS, see Hydrocepha-
lus internus.
  ENCEPHALUM, Encephalon.
  ENCEPHALUS OPISTHIUS, Cerebellum.
  ENCEROSIS, Inceration.
  EXCIIARAXIS, Scarification.
  EN C11A TONS EM E NT, Chatonne merit.
  ENCIIEIRE'SIS, Enchire'sis, Enchelria. from
tv, and Xetp, 'the band.'  Galen uses  this  term as
a part of the title to one of his works,  which treats
of dissection.  It means the manual treatment of
any subject.
  ENCJIEIRTA, Encheiresis.
  EXPIIIFR EXEMEN T, Coryza.
  ENCHIRESIS, Encheiresis.
  ENOHOXDROMA, Chondroma.
  EXCHOR10NOSUS, Endemic.
  ENCHORIOS, Endemic.
  EXCHRISTON, Liniment.
  ENCHYLOSIS, Extraction.
  EXCHYMA, Infusum, Plethora.
  ENCHYrMO'MA,  Enchymo'sis,  from ev, and
Xvit), ' I pour.'  By the ancients, this  word w;m
used to designate the sudden  effusion of blond
into the cutaneous vessels, which arises from joy,
anger, or shame; in the last instance  constituting
blushing.   It differs from ecchyinosis in there
being, in the latter,  extravasation of blood into
the areolar texture,  and its  being produced by
an external cause;  a contusion, for example.—
Hippocrates.
  ENCHYSIS, Infusion.
  EX CLA YE, Wedged.
  ENGL A VEMENT, see Wedged.
  ENCLUME, Incus.
  ENCLYDASTICOS, intus fiuc'tuans, from ty-
KXvSa^opai,  (tv, and kXv^ut, 'I wash.')  'to float in.'
Applied to  liquids, e. g., to serum, pus, Ac, con-
tained in any cavity.
  ENCLYSMA, Clyster, Enema.
  ENCGS'LIA, from cv,  'in,' and  KtuXta, 'the
belly.'   The  abdominal viscera.   The entrails,
  ENCffiLIALGIA, Tormina—e. Inflammatoria,
Encoelitis.
  ENCffiLITIS, Enca-liltis, Enctrlialg"ia  in-
fiammato'ria, Infiamma'tio- abtlomina'lis; from
cyKoiXia,  'the abdominal contents,' and itii, in-
flammation.  Inflammation of  any of the abdo-
minal viscera.
  ENCOLPIS'MUS,  from cv,  'in,'  and  koXitos,
'the vagina.' Injection or introduction  of any
thing into the vagina.
  ENCOLPITIS, Oolpophlegmhymenltis; from
cv, 'in,' koXitos, 'the vagina,' and itis, denoting
inflammation.  Inflammation of the  lining mem-
brane of the vagina.
  EXCOPE, Diacope,  Incision.
  ENCRANION, Cerebellum.
  ENCRANIS, Cerebellum.
  ENCRE, Atramentum.
  ENCYESIS, Fecundation, Pregnancy.
  ENCYMON, Pregnancy.
  EXCY'MOSIA, Fecundation, Pregnancy.
  ENCYSIS, Pregnancy.
  ENCY'ST'ED,  Cystide  obduc'tus,  Siiceu'ht»,
Sacctila'tus,  Sae'cated,   Sac'citlated,  Pont-lu-il.
Enclosed in  a kyst  or cyst, or pouch; from tv,
'in,' and Kvans,  'bladder.'   (F.) Enkysti.  An
epithet given to certain tumours, or solid or fluid
collections enclosed  in  a particular  envelope f»r
cyst.  They  are movable  and often elastic to the
touch.
  ENCY^STIS,  Tumor trtnica'tns seu cys'ticus,
Emphy'ma  encys'tis.  Same etymon.   Ln'}>ini
Glan'dula  Avicerlna,  Nodus.   An encysted tu-
mour. 
ENDADELPHIA            33
  ENDADELPIIIA, see Emboitement.
  EXDAN'GIUM;  properly Entlanglon or En-
danglitm,  Membra'na vaso'rum commu'nis,  (F.)
Tuniqne commune de Bichat; from cviov, 'within,'
and  ayyeiov,  'a vessel.'  The serous or  lining
membrane of vessels.
  ENDEICTICOS,  Indicant.
  EXDEIXIOL"OGY, Endeixiolof'ia, from tv-
itt^is, (tv, and itiKvvur, ' I show,') 'indication,' and
Xoyos, 'a discourse.'   The doctrine of indications.
  ENDEIXIS, Indication.
  EX DEM I A, Endemic.
  EXDEM'IC, Endenlical, Ende'mia, Regiona'-
lis morbus, Endenlicus; from  cv,  'in,' and  inuos,
'the  people;'   Encho'rios,  Enchorion''osus,  Ver-
nac'uhts seu Endemius mor'bus,  Enderny,  (F.)
 Endintie, Maladie rigionale.   A  disease  said  to
be  endemic, (F.) Endimique, or to arise from
endemic"ity,  (F.) enditnicili,  when  it is owing
 to some peculiarity in  a  situation  or  locality.
 Thus, ague is  endemic in  marshy countries;
 goitre at the base of lofty mountains, Ac.   Some
 authors use the term in the same sense as epide-
 mic.  We have no  accurate  knowledge of the
 emanations  or other circumstances  which  give
 ocoasion to endemic affections. We seem to know
 that some emanation  from marshy lands  does
 produce intermittents: but we are  ignorant  of
 the  nature of such emanation.
   ENDEMICTTE, see Endemic.
   EXDEMICITY,  see Endemic.
   EXDEMIOL'OGYr, Endemiolof'ia, from 'en-
 demic,' and Xoyos, 'a discourse.'   The doctrine of
 endemic diseases.
   EXDEMIQUE, Endemic.
   EXDEMY, Endemic.
   ENDEPIDERMIS, Epithelium.
   EN I) ER' MIC,  Ender'miens,   E rider mat'icus,
 Ernplas'tro-endermic, (F.)  Endernriqite, from  cv,
 and icpria, 'the skin.'  An  epithet  given to the
 method of treating  diseases by placing the thera-
 peutical agent in contact with  the skin, especially
 after the cuticle has been removed ;  Enderm'ism,
 Endermis'mus, Endermo'sis, 3Ieth'odus ender'mica
 Beu   endermalica,   Diadermatrl a.   Morphia,
 strychnia, Ac, are often  administered in this
 way.
   ENDERMIS, see Endermic.
   EXDERMISMUS, see Endermic.
   ENDERMOSIS,  see Endermic.
   EN'DESIS, from cv, 'in,'  and ieto, 'I  bind.'
 A ligature,  bandage, connexion.   Hippocrates
 has so termed the ankle-joint.
  _ ENDIVE, Cichorium endivia—e. Wild, Cicho-
 rium intybus.
   ENDIVIA, Cichorium endivia.
   EXDIXIS, Indication.
   EXDO, from cviov, 'within.' A common prefix,
 as in  the following  terms :
   EXDO-AORTI'TIS,  from cvSov. 'within,' and
 aortitis, ' inflammation of the  aorta.'  Inflamma-
 tion of the lining membrane of the  aorta.
   EXDO-ARTERITIS, see Arteritis.
   EXDOBLAST, see Periblast.
   EXDOOARDE,  Endocardium.
   EXDOCAR'DIAC, Endocardial, Endoeardi'-
 acus: same etymon as the next.   Relating to the
 endocardium, or to  the interior of the heart; as
  endocardiac  sound or murmur,'  — a sound pro-
 duced within the cavities of the heart, in contra-
 distinction to  exocardiac or exocardial sounds or
 murmurs, which are induced by conditions of the
 external surface of  the organ.
   ENDOCARDITIS, Encarditis,  Carditis in-
 ter na, Infiamma'tio superfic."iei  inter'na cordis,
 Inter'nal  Carditis,  Infiamma'tion of the internal
 membrane of the heart, (F.) Endocardite, from en-  1
 docard'ium, the lining  membrane of the heart,  [
       22
7              ENDOSMOTIC
and  itis,  inflammation.   In  this  disease,  the
heart's action is visibly increased, and very mani-
fest to the touch ; the hand is strongly repelled,
and, at moments, is sensible  of a trembling vi-
bratory motion.  Percussion gives a dull  sound
over a surface of several inches,  owing, accord-
ing to Bouillaud, to the inflammatory turgescence
of the  heart, and the engorged state of its cavi-
ties.  On  auscultation, a bruit de soufifet is gene-
rally heard, masking one  or both  sounds of the
heart;  and the ear is sensible  of a metallic ring-
ing with each systole of the ventricle.   The pul-
sations are rapid as well as strong, and, with fe.v
exceptions,  irregular, unequal and intermittent.
The pulse, by the way, does not always  indieare
the force or number of the heart's  contractions.
   ENDOCAR'DIUM,  from tvSov, 'within,'  and
KairSta, ' the heart.' (F.) Endocurde.   The mem-
brane that lines the interior of the heart.
   ENDOCHORION, see Chorion.
   ENDOCOLITIS, Dysentery.
   END0CY3ITEN, from cviov, 'within,' andXvpa,
'the product  of conception.'  A  double  monst'-r
by inclusion — Isidore  G. St. Hilaire.  See Em-
boitement.
   ENDODONTITIS,  (F.) Inflammation  de la
Pulpe  dentaire, Inflammation ofi the  Dental mem-
brane, from cviov, ' within,' oiovs, oiovros, ' a tooth.'
and itis,  denoting inflammation.  Inflammation
of the lining membrane of a tooth.
   ENDO-ENTERITIS, see Enteritis.
   EXDOGASTRITIS, Esogastrltis ; from cviov,
'within,'  and gastritis, 'inflammation of the sto-
mach.'  Inflammation  of  the lining  membrane
of the stomach.
   EXDOGEX, see Endogenous.
   EXDOG"ENOUS;  from tviov, 'within,'  and
yewaur, '  I  engender.'  A term first applied to
plants—hence called  End'ogens — in which the
new woody matter is  deposited within the  old,
and towards the centre.   In the animal,  cells are
often formed endogenously, or  within the cells, as
in the case  of the sperm vesicles.
   An endog"enous aneurism is  one  that originates
spontaneously from lesions of the inner coat of
the arteries.
   ENDOLYMPn, Vitrine auditive.
   EXDOMETRITIS, from tviov, 'within.'  and
metritis,  ' inflammation of the uterus.'  Inflam-
mation of  the lining  membrane  of the  uterus.
When accompanied with a diphtheritic exudation,
it is sometimes called Endometritis croupo'sa.
   ENDOXARTERITIS. see Arteritis.
   ENDOPHLEBITIS, Phlebitis.
   ENDOPLAST, see Periplast.
   ENDOR3IIE, Datura stramonium.
   ENDOSIS, Remission.
   ENDO-SKELETON, see Skeleton.
   ENDOSMOSE,  Endosmo'sis,  Double  Tm-
bibil'ion, from cviov, 'within,'  and uranos, 'Im-
pulse.'  A term  first used by Dutroohet, to  ex-
press the  action by which fluids pass from with-
out  to  within organic  membranes.   The  action
of two fluids on each other, when  separated by a
membrane.   The general conditions of the phe-
nomena are-—first,  that they should have an
affinity for the  interposed membrane:  and  se
condly, that they should have  an affinity for each
other,  and be miscible.
   At the  present day, endosmose is generally used
to signify the passage  of the  more transmissible
fluid, whilst exosmose  signifies that of the lea-t
transmissible.  The rapidity with which endos-
mose is  accomplished  varies according  to  the
nature of the septum or tissue and of the pene-
trating body, and to the penetrability of tbe tissue.
   ENDOSMIC, Endosmotic.
   EXDOSMOTTC,  Endosmot'icus,   Endos'mic, 
EN*D OSTEITIS              338             EKGOUEMEXT
Endos'miens;  same  etymon.   Belonging to en-
dostnose :—as an ' endosmotic current.'
  ENDOSTEI'TIS,  from cviov,  'within,' otrreov,
' a bone,' and itis, denoting inflammation.   In-
flammation of the internal periosteum.
  ENDOSTEUM, Medullary membrane.
  ENDOUTERITIS, see Metritis.
  ENDUIT (F.), from  induere,  'to  put upon,'
'to put  on.'  A coat; a fur.  This term  is often
applied  to a  layer of greater  or less  thickness
which covers  the surface of certain organs, and
particularly of the tongue and  the interior of the
mouth.   The  enduit is designated variously, ac-
cording to  its  appearance,—enduit bilieux, jaune,
blanc, Ac. — a bilious, yellow, white coat or fur,
Ac.   It is at  times owing to the evaporation of
the watery portions of the secretions;  at others,
to a morbid condition of the secretions: — gene-
rally, to both  causes  combined.   The  tongue, in
such a condition, is said to be  coated  or furred;
sometimes, loaded.
  ENDUIT  CHOROIDTEN,  see Choroid.
  END UR C1SSEMENT,  Induration — e.  du
Cerveau, Selerencephalia—e. Rouge, see  Hepati-
zation—e.  du Cicnr, Cardiosclirosie—e. du  Tissu
cellulaire. Induration of the cellular tissue.
  ENDYMA  VENTRICULORUM,   Ependyma
ventriculorum.
  ENECHEMA, Tinnitus aurium.
  ENECIA, Synocha — e. Cauma, Synocha — e.
Synochus Puerperarum, see Peritonitis—e. Syno-
chus, Synochus.
  EX'EMA, evepa, from evtnpt, (cv, and inpt, 'to
inject.'   Clysma, C/ysmus, Enclys'ma,  Lavamerl-
tunr, Lo'tio.   An Injection, Clyster, (F.) C/ystere,
Lavement.    A  well-known form of  conveying
medicine into the intestinal canal.  See Clyster.
  Enema  Aloes, Clyster of aloes.  (Aloes, J^ij;
Potass,  carbon, gr. XV ; Decoct. Hordei, Oss, (Imp.
meas.,) M.  Ph. L.)   Used in cases of ascarides
and amenorrhcea.
  Enema Anoo'ynum,  Enema  O'pii; An'odyne
or  Starch  and  Opium  Clyster.   (Decoct, amyli
fjfiv ; tinct. opii T\. xxx. M. Ph.  L.)   Exhibited
in cases of severe diarrhoea or dysentery.
  Enema   Catiiart'icum ; Cathartic or Purging
 Clyster.  (Olei.  oliv.  f'^j ;  sulph. magnes. ^j •
mucilag. acacia f^xvi;  M.  Ph.  D.)
   Enema  Colocynth'idis,  Clyster of  Col'ocynth.
(Ext. Colocynth ^ss;  Sapon. mollis 5Jj; aqua, Oj.
(Imp. meas.,) M.  Ph. L.)  An efficient cathartic
clyster.
   Enema   Commu'ne ;   Common  or   Domestic
 Clyster.  ( Water gruel or molasses and water Oss
or Oj : add a  little oil or lard,  and a spoonful of
common salt.)  Given  as a cathartic, enema; and,
without the common salt, as an emollient.
   Enema Fcet'idum, E. assafir'tida, Fetid Clys-
ter, Clyster of assafetiela ;  Mis'tura  asafoe'tida
 pro elys'mate, Clysma ton'icum et antispasmod'-
icum seu in'citans et sedans,  (F.)  Larement anti-
spasmodiqne.   (The last, with the addition of Zij
of the tincture of asafoetida.  Ph. D.)   Given as
an antispasmodic and anodyne.
   Enema  Nicotia'n^;;  Tobac'co  Clyster.   This
 generally consists of from half a pint to a pint of
the Infusum Tabaci.   It is employed  in  cases of
 strangulated  hernia;  but occasionally acts as a
fatal poison when given in this way.   The smoke
 of  tobacco is  sometimes thrown up the rectum  to
produce the same medicinal effects as the infusion.
   Enema Opii, E. anodynum.
   Enema  Terebin'thiNjE ;  Turfentine Clyster.
 (01. tereb. f^j.  Decoct, hordei f ,5 xix,  one yolk of
 egg.  Incorporate the  turpentine with  the yolk,
 then add  the gruel.  Ph.  L.)  To be adminis-
 tered in cases of ascarides, (oxyures.)
   ENEPIDERMTC, Enepider'mieus,  from  tv,
 'in,' cm, 'upon,' and  ieppa, 'the  skin.'  An epi-
thet given  to  the method of treating diseases
which  consists in the application of medicines •
as plasters,  blisters,  Ac, to tho skin.
   EXEREISIS,  Compression.
   KNERGIA,  Action, Force.
   EN'ERGY',  Energi'ti,  from tvtpycw, (tv, nnj
cpyov, ' action,') ' I act.'   Action.  Acting power.
Also, vigour;  as  the  'muscular energy;' the
' brain acts  ivith energy.'
   ENERVATIO, Aponeurosis, Enervation.
   ENERVATION, Encrva'tio, from e, 'out of,'
and uerrus,  ' strength.'   The act of weakening—
the state of being weakened.   See Debility
   ENERVATIONES  TENDINEiE,  lnscripti.
ones tendineae  musculorum.
   ENERVITAS, Inertia.
   ENFANCE, Infancy.
   ENFANT, Infans—e. d Terme, see Fostus—e.
Ligitime, see Legitimate.
   EN FA N TEMEX T, Parturition.
   EXFLURE, Swelling, QJdetna—e. des Jambet
et.  des cttisses de lafemme  accouchie, Phlegmatia
dolens.
   EXFOXCEMENT SCAPHOIDE, Scaphoi-
des fossa.
   ENFONCEURE, Arthrodia.
   ENFONCURE, Arthrodia.
   ENGASTERION, Laboratory.
   ENGASTRI311S3IE,  see Engastrimyth.
   ENGASTRIM YSME,see  Engastrimyth.
   ENGASTRIMYTH ;   Engastrimy'thus,  En-
glottogas'tor, Gustriloqiius,  Ventriloquiis,  Qti».
triloquist, Eu'rycles, Enrycli'tus,  Enteroman'tis,
Gastroman'tis,  from  cv, 'in,'  yaarnp,  'the  belly,'
and  pvScopat,  ' I discourse.'  A  Ventriloquist.
(F.)  Ventriloqrte,  Gastriloque.   One who pos-
sesses the art of  modifying his natural voice, su
that it seems to come  from a greater or less dis-
tance, and from different directions.  It was for-
merly believed  that  such persons spoke from the
belly ;  hence their name.  It is an imitative nrt,
and  is  called  Ventriloquism.  (F.) EngttHtr-i-
misme, Eru/astrimysme.
   ENGEISOMA,  Engisoma.
   ENGELURE, Chilblain.
   ENGIIIEN  MONTMORENCY,  MINERAL
WATERS  OF.  Enghien-les-Bains.  A  hydm-
sulphurous water, four leagues from Paris, near
Montmorency,  which is  possessed of some cele-
brity.  It contains chloride  of sodium, chloride
of magnesium, sulphate  of magnesia, sulphate of
lime,  carbonate of magnesia, carbonate of lime,
silica, sulphohydrate of  lime and  magnesia, sul-
phohydric acid, carbonic acid and  nitrogen.
   ENGISO'MA,   Engeiso'ma,  Engizo'ma,  from
eyyifa,  ' I  approximate.'   (F.) Ernbarrure.  A
species of fracture of the skull, in  which a splin-
ter passes beneath the sound portion of the bone,
and compresses the brain.—Galen. Also, a kind
of instrument used in fractures of the clavicle.
   ENGLISH  DISEASE, Rachitis.
   ENGLOTTOGASTOR, Engastrimyth.
   ENGOMPHOSIS, Gomphosis.
   ENGORGEMENT, from  en, 'in,' and gorge,
' the  throat.'   An  obstruction occurring  in tho
vessels of a part, giving rise to augmentation of
volume.   Congestion.
   ENG0RGE3TENT  DES 3TEMBRES AB-
DOMINAUXA LA SUITE  DES  COUCHES,
Phlegmatia dolens—e. Hepatic, Hcpatohasmin —
e. Laiteux des membres  abdominaux, Phlegmatia
dolens.
   ENGOUE3IENT (F.),  Obstruc'tio,  Inellia,
from  angere,   ' to  choke.'   Accumulation in »
hollow  organ,  of the  matters secreted by it <"
carried into it.  There  is said to  be Engoitemern
des branches, when the mucus accumulate? in the
bronchia; and Engavement des  intestins, when
the matters which ought to  pass  through the in- 
ENGOUEMENT
339   ENTEREPIPLOMPHALOCELE
testines are detained ; as in a case of strangulated
hernia.
  ENGOUEMENT DES POUMONS, E. ofi the
lungs, in  Pathological  Anatomy,  signifies  that
state of the lungs, in which a mixture of air and
thin fluid escapes from them when cut into.
  ES'i 0 UR DISSEMENT, Torpor.
  ESGREXURE, Suture.
  KNII/EMATOSIS, Husmatosis.
  EN IXA, Puerpera.
  KNIXIO FffiTtfS, Parturition.
  EN1XUS  FffiTUSj Parturition.
  EXKEPIIALON, Encephalon.
  EXKYSTF,  Encysted.
  EXKYSTEMENT, Chatonnement.
  EN.METRITIS, see Metritis.
  ENNEAPHAR'MACOS,  from  ewea,  'nine,'
 and ifrapiiaKov, 'a  medicine.'  A medicine, com-
 posed of  nine simple ingredients.   A pessary, so
 firmed. — Galen, Paulus.  The Autid'otus Hera-
 cli'ilis, described by Galen, and some plasters by
 Ae'tius and Celsus, are,  likewise, termed Ennea-
 phnrmaca.—Gorraeus.
  ENORMIS, Abnormous.
  KNORMITAS CORDIS, Heart, hypertrophy.
  ENOR'MON, cvopuurv, Harmon, Im'petum  fill-
 cienn, from cv, 'in.' and opixaia, ' I rouse,' ' excite.'
 A word used by Hippocrates in the same sense
 as n'tul principle is by modern physiologists.
  ENOSIS. Insertion.
  EXOSTO'SIS, Entosto'sis, from cv,  'in,'  and
 troriitv, ' a bone.'  A morbid growth of bone in-
 wards—the opposite to exostosis.
  EX RAGE, Rabid.
  EN11HUMER,  See Cold.
  EXROUEMEXT, Raucedo.
  ENRYTII'MOS, from  cv, and pv$i*os,  'number.'
 Having rhythm.  An epithet applied to the pulse
 when its pulsations occur with some degree of
 order.  It is opposed  to Aryth'mos, and  differs
 from Eurythmos, which signifies ' regular.'
   ENS.  A  being.  Paracelsus  meant, by  this
 term, the power exerted by certain  beings on
 our body. He speaks of the Ens Dei, E. Astro'-
 rum, E. natura'le,  E. rirtu'tis,  E.  morbo'rum, E.
 de poten'tibus spirilibus, Ac.  These absurd de-
 nominations  suggested  to  some of the ancient
 chymists a name  for certain  chymical  prepara-
 tions.  The muriate of  ammonia and  iron  was
 called Ens martis; the muriate  of ammonia  and
 copper, Ens veneris ; and Ens primum  was, with
 the alchymists, the name of a tincture which they
 considered possessed of the power of transmuting
 metals.
  Ens Martis, Ferrum ammoniatum—e. Veneris,
 llovlei, Ferrum  ammoniatum.
  t. N  SIFORM, Ensifor'mis, from  ensis,  'a
 sword,'and/or»m. 'form.'   Sword-like.
  Ensifoum Apophy'ses or Proc"esses are the
 leaser alas of the sphenoid bone.
  Ensifohm  Appen'dix  or  Car'tilage  is  the
 xiphoid appendix  of the sternum, Ac.   See  Xi-
 phoid.
  KN'SIFORMIS.  Xiphoid.
  b\S[-STERXAL.   Relating to  the  ensiform
 process of the sternum.   B6clard gave this name
 <" the hist osseous portion  of the  sternum.  He
 "Iso called it Vos  ultimi-stemal.  See Ultimo-
 sternal.
KVSOMATOSIS. Incorporation.
I-N">TALAXTS, Instillation.
                       ,jre, nctome.  a  deep
wound made  by ,1 sharp  instrument obliquely.
*»fai7/e« uud  TaillmUs are, also, used to  desi<;
 nate deep scarifications, made for the purpose of
 producing a speedy digor-gement of any tumefied
 part; such, for example,  as are  made  in tbe
 tongue in certain cases of glossitis.
   ENTA3IURE (F.).   A slight incision or lace-
 ration.
   ENTANTHEMA, Eisanthema.
   ENTASIA,  Tonic spasm—e.  Articularis, Con-
 tractus— e.  Loxia, Torticollis — e. Priapismus,
 Priapismus—e. Systremma,  Cramp—e. Tetanus,
 Tetanus — e. Tetanus anticus, Emprosthotonos—
 e. Trismus, Trismus.
   ENTASIS, Tonic spasm.
   ENTAT'ICUS,  Intenslvus,  from evrcivia,  'I
 make tense.'   A medicine which excites the ve-
 nereal appetite.
   ENTELIPATHIA, Nymphomania.
   ENTELMINTHA, Worms.
   ENTENDE3TENT, Intellect.
   ENTERADELPHIA, see Emboitement.
   ENTERAD'ENES, from cvrcpov, 'an intestine,'
 and ainv,  *a gland.' The  mucous  glands of the
 intestines.  See Peyeri glandulas.
   ENTERADENOG'RAPIIlr,  Enteradenogra'-
 phia, from cvrcpov,  'intestine,' aitjv, 'gland,' and
 ypatjrn,  ' a description.'   A description  of the in-
 testinal glands.
   ENTERADENO L'OGYT, Eiiteradenolog"ia,
 from cvrcpov, 'intestine,' airiv, 'gland,' and Xoyos,
 'a treatise.'  That part of anatomy which treats
 of the intestinal glands.
   ENTERAERECTASIA, Tympanites.
   ENTERAL'GIA, Enterodyu'ia,  from  cvrcpov,
 'intestine,' and aXyos, 'pain.'   Pain in  the intes-
 tines.  Colic.
   Enteralgia Acuta, Enteritis — e. Inflamma-
 toria, Enteritis—e. Saturnina, Colica metallica.
   E N T E R A N G E M P H R A XIS, En terangi-
 emphraxis.
   E N T E R A N G IE M PIIR A X T S, Enteran-
 gemphrax'is, from  cvrcpov,  'intestine,'  ayXw,  'I
 strangle,' and cptjipaaau}, 'I obstruct.' Obstruction
 of the vessels of the intestines.
   ENTERATROPHTA, Atroph'ia Intestino'rum,
 from cvrcpov, 'intestine,'and  atrophia,  'want of
 nutrition.'  Atrophy of the coats of the intestines.
   ENTERAUX'E, from cvrcpov,  'intestine,' and
 av£n, ' increase.'   Hypertrophy of the muscular
 coat of the intestines.—Fuchs.
   ENTERECHE'MA,  from  cvrcpov, 'intestine.'
 and  nXn, nXti>, nXripa, 'sound.'   Son'itus intestina'-
 lis.   The sound  of  the movement of the intes-
 tines, heard by the stethoscope.
   ENTERECTASIS,  Di/ata'tio  Intestino'rum,
 from cvrcpov, 'intestine.' and  cktuitis, 'dilatation.'
 Dilatation of the intestines, as in tympanites.
   ENTERELCO'SIS, Enterhelco'sis, Enterohel-
 co'sis, from cvrcpov,  ' intestine,' and 'cXsorats, ' ul-
 ceration.'  Ulceration of intestines—Ulcera'tio
 intestinillis, Ulcera intestiua'lia.
  ENTERELESIA, Ileus.
  ENTERELOSIS, Ileus.
  ENTEREMPHRAXTS,  Infarc'tus Intestino'-
 rum,  Incarcera'tio  intestino'rum.  inter'na,  (F.)
 Etranglement des Intestins, E. Intestinale, from
 cvrcpov,  'intestine,'  and cuippalts, 'obstruction.'
 Obstruction of  the  Intestines  from accumulation
 of fasces or otherwise. Also, Enterangiemphraxis.
  ENTEREN'CHYTA, Enteral chytes, from tv-
 rcoov, 'an intestine,'  cv, and  \-rw,  '1 pour.'   Any
surgical instrument  for administering injections.
—Scultetus.
  ENTEREPIPLOCELE, Enteroepiplocele.
  ENTEREPIPLOMPHALOCE'LE, from cvrc-
pov,  'intestine,'  c-mrrXoov,   'omentum,'  optpaXos,
' navel,' and Ki/Xri, ' rupture.'  Hernia of the  um-
 bilicus, with protrusion  of the  omentum and in-
testine. 
ENTERHELCOSIS          310          ENTEROMORPniA
  ENTERHELCOSIS, Enterelcosis—e. Nervosa,
Tvpbus (abdominal.^
 'KXTEKUYVERTROTIVl A.Hypertroph'iain-
testino'rum, from  cvrcpov, ' intestine,'and hyper-
trophin,  'excessive  nutrition.'  Hypertrophy of
the coats of the intestines.
  ENTERIC. Intestinal.
  ENTERTCA, from cvrcpov, 'an  intestine.' Dis-
eases affecting the alimentary canal.  Order I.,
Class  I. (Ctrliaca),  of Good.  Also,  medicines
affecting the alimentary canal.
  ENTERICUS, Intestinal.
  ENTFRIQUE, Intestinal.
  ENTERITE FOLLICULEUSE, see  Typhus
—e. Ti/phohimique, Typhoid fever.
  ENTERITIS, from  cvrcpov. 'an intestine,' and
itis, denoting inflammation.  Inflammation of the
intestines.   Empres'ma Enteritis,  Intestino'rum
inflamma'tio,  Reo-colltis,  Chordap'sus,  Cauma
Enteritis,  Enterophlog"ia, Enterophlogo'sis,  Co'-
Uca acuta  seu infiammato'ria, Ileus infiammata'-
rins, Enteral gia  acu'ta seu Infiammato'ria, Fe-
bris r'ntestiuo'rum  seu ili'aca infiammato'ria, En-
terop'yra, (F.) Entirite, Inflammation des Intestins.
The  essential  symptoms of this  disease are:—
violent ahdominal pain, increased  on pressure:
with vomiting  and inflammatory fever.  Enteritis
may affect both the peritoneal and the  mucous
coat of the intestines ; and, in violent cases, all
the  coats  may be implicated.  The structure of
the  mucous  and peritoneal coats is different; so
are  their functions  in  health and disease.   The
inflammation of the serous coat, Sero-enteritis,
resembles  that of the cellular membrane; the
inflammation of the mucous coat, that of the skin.
The former is usually, therefore, of a more active
character.    Inflammation  of  the mucous  coat,
Eso-enteri'tis,  Endo-enteritis,  31uco- enteritis,
3fucous  Enteritis, PhXegmymenltis  enter'ica,  is
generally attended with diarrhoea, and its patho-
logy is identical with that of dysentery.  Inflam-
mation of the peritoneal  coat is, on  the other
hand, generally attended with constipation.
   Enteritis of the peritoneal coat,  for such usually
is the meaning of the word  in the  abstract, re-
quires the most active treatment.  Copious bleed-
ing, followed up by a large dose of opium — and,
if the symptoms  be not  decidedly  ameliorated,
repeating the bleeding and opium—warm fomen-
tations, and blisters, are the chief agents to be
relied upon. Purgatives ought not to be exhibited
until the inflammation and spasm are  abated by
the  use  of the bleeding and opium.   When  the
physician  is called  early, this plan will usually
succeed.  Sometimes, Enteritis passes into a chro-
nic  state,  requiring  much careful  management.
Broussais  considered inflammation of the mucous
coat of the  stomach and  intestines as the proxi-
mate cause of  the phenomena of  fever.
   Enteritis Arthritica,  Cosliagra — e. Colica,
Colitis — e. Epiploitis, Epiploitis — e.  Follicular,
Typhoid  fever — e. Folliculosa, see Typhoid — e.
Mesenterica, Mesenteritis—e. Mucous, see Ente-
ritis—e. Pustulosa,  Dothinenteritis.
   EN'TERO, from cvrcpov, 'an intestine,'in com-
pound words signifies  intestine, as  in  the follow-
ing:—
   ENTEROERO'SIS, Enterorrhex'is, Perfora'tio
Intestino'rum,  (F.) Perforation des Intestins, from
tvrcpov,  'an intestine,' and (Spuiois, 'the  act  of
gnawing.'  Perforation of the intestines.
   ENTEROCACE, Dysente'ria pu'trida seu ty-
 pho'des seu scorbutica seu malig'na, from cvrcpov,
'an intestine,' and kukos, 'evil.'   Adynamic dy-
sentery, accompauied by phenomena indicating a
pseudo-membranous and gangrenous state of the
lining membrane of the large intestine.
   ENTEROCE'LE, Hernia  intestina'lis,  from
cvrcpov,  'an intestine,'and KnXr). 'a hernia,' 'tu-
mour.'  Abdominal  hernia, which  contains only
a portion of intestine, is so called.
  EXTERO - CEPIIALOPYRA    INFANTUM,
Hydrocephalus Internus.
  ENTEROC03'LICUS, from tvrcpov, 'intestine,'
and KotXia, 'the cavity of the abdomen.' Relating
to the cavity of the abdomen.
  ENTERO-COLITIS, (F.) Entiro-colite, from
tvrcpov,  ' intestine,' and colitis, ' inflammation of
the colon.'  Inflammation of tho small intestine
and  colon.
  ENTEROCYSTOCE'Lfi, from cvrcpov, 'an in-
testine/ Kvans, 'a bladder,' and KtiXn, 'a tumour.'
Hernia  formed by the  bladder and a portion of
intestine.
  ENTERODAR'SIS,  from cvrcpov, 'intestine,'
and  iapats,  ' skinning.'  Excoriation of the mu-
cous membrane of the intestines.
  ENTERODOTHIENIA. Dothinenteritis.
  ENTERODYNTA, Enteralgia.
  ENTERO - EPIPLOCE'LE,  Enterepiploce'li,
Her'nia intestina'lis omenta'lis, from cvrcpov, 'in-
testine,' c-iti-zXoov,  'the omentum,' and KnXri, 'tu-
mour.'  Hernia,  formed by  intestine and omen-
tum.
  ENTERO-EPIPLOM'PHALUS, from cvrcpov,
'intestine,' eviirXoov,  'the omentum,' nnd  opitaXos,
'the  umbilicus.'   Umbilical  hernia, contuinin^
intestine  and omentum.  Almost  all umbilical
hernias  are of this kind.
  ENTEROG'RAPHYT, Enterogra'phia, from tv-
rcpov, '  intestine,'and ypatpn, 'description.'  The
part of  anatomy which  describes the intestines.
  ENTERO-H/EMORRHAGIA, Hasmatochezia.
  ENTEROHELCOSIS, Enterelcosis.
  ENTERO-HYDROCE'LE, from tvrcpov, 'in-
testine,' 'viurp, ' water,'and KnXri, 'tumour.' In-
testinal hernia complicated with hydrocele.
  ENTERO-HYDROM'PHALUS, from tvrtpov,
'intestine,' 'vitnp,  'water,'  and ofiQaXos, 'the na-
vel.'  Umbilical hernia, in which the sac contains,
along with  a portion of intestine, a quantity of
serum.
  ENTERO-ISCHIOCE'LE, from tvrcpov, 'in-
testine,' iaXtov,  'ischium.'  and  KrfXri, 'tumour.'
Ischiat'ic hernia, formed of intestine.
  ENTEROLITHI'ASIS,  from cvrcpov,  'intes-
tine,' and XtStaats, 'the formation of stone.'  The
formation of concretions in  the intestines.
  ENTEROLITHUS, Calculi of the stomach and
intestines — e. Bezoardus, Bezoar — e.  Scybalum,
Scybala.
  ENTEROL'OGY,  Enterolof'ia, from tvrcpov,
'intestine,' and  Xoyos,  'a discourse.'  The part
of anatomy which treats of the intestines.
  ENTEROMALA'CTA,  Enteromalax 'is,  (F.)
Ramollissement de, llntestr'n, from cvrcpov, 'an in-
testine,' and paXaaaur, 'I soften.'  Softening of the
mucous or other  coats of the intestine.
  ENTEROMALAXIS, Enteromalacia.
  ENTEROMANTIS, Engastrimyth.
  ENTERO-MEROCE'LE,  from cvrcpov, ^intes-
tine,' pripos, 'the  thigh,' and ktiXij, 'tumour.' Cru-
ral hernia, formed of intestine.
  ENTERO-MESENTER'IC,  Entero-mesenter'-
icus,  (F.)  Entiro-misentirique.  Relating to the
intestine and mesentery.
  ENTERO-MESENTER'ICA FEBRIS.  MM.
Petit and Serres have given  this name  to tbe
typhoid form of adynamic fever, in which the in-
testines are ulcerated,  with enlargement of tbe
corresponding mesenteric glands.  See Typhis.
  ENTERO-3TESENTERITE,  Tabes  mesen-
terica—e. Misenterite typhoide, see Typhus.
  ENTEROMOR'PHIA  COMPRES'SA.  One
of the  algae, used by the Sandwich Islanders aa
an  esculent. 
ENTEROMPHALOCELE       341              ENDOPHYTIC
   EXTEROMPHALOCELE, Enteromphalus.
   ENT EROM'PHALUS,Enteromphuloce'le, from
 tvrcpov, 'intestine,'and opqjaXos, 'umbilicus.' Um-
 bilical hernia, formed of intestine.
   ENTEROMYCODORITIS,  from  cvrcpov, 'in-
 testine,' pvkos, 'slime,' iopa, 'skin,' and itis, de-
 noting inflammation. Inflammation of the mucous
 membrane of the intestines.
   ENTERON, Intestine.
   ENTEROPARAL'YSIS,  Enterople'gia,  Pa-
 ralysis intestino'rum,  from cvrcpov,  'intestine,'
 zapnXvats, 'paralysis.'  Paralysis of the intestines.
   ENTEROPARISAGOGE, Intussusceptio.
   EXTEROPATHI'A, Enteropathy, from cvrcpov,
 'intestine,' and nados,  'disease.'   Disease of the
 intestines in general.
   ENTEROPATHl'A Cancero'sA, Enteroscir'rhus,
 Enterosteno'sis scirrho'sa  seu organ'ica, Entero-
 sarco'utia, Indura'tio seu Scirrhus  seu Cancer seu
 Cardial ma  Intestino'rum, (F.)  Cancer des  Intes-
 tins.   Cancer of the intestines.
   ENTEROPERISTOLE, Enterosphig'ma, Her-
 nia incarcera'ta, Incarcera'tio intestino'rum, from
 trrcpov, 'intestine,'  and ncptarcXXta, 'I contract,'
 Constriction or obstruction of the intestines, from
 a cause which acts either within  the abdomen,
 or without it, as in strangulated hernia,
   ENTEROPHLOGIA, Enteritis.
   ENTEROPHLOGOSIS. Enteritis
   ENTEROPHTHI'SIS,from  cvrcpov, 'intestine,'
 nnd aiQiuts, 'consumption.'  Consumption of the
 bowels.  Consumption  owing to suppuration  in
 the intestines.
   ENTEROPHYMATA,  Tubercula  intestino-
 rum.
   EN'TEROPLASTY, En'teroplas'tice, from tv-
 now, Mntestine,'and nXao-aur, T form.'  A plastic
 operation  for the restoration of an intestine
   ENTEROPLEGIA, Enteroparalysis.
   EXTKROPYRA, Enteritis.   Also,  entero-me-
 Benteric fever, Entiropyrie.—Alibert.
   Entkropyra Asiatica,  Cholera —e. Biliosa,
 Fever, bilious.
   ENTERORRHAG"IA,  from  tvrcpov,  'intes-
 tine, and payr,, 'violent rupture.'  Hemorrhage,
 or excessive discharge,  from the bowels.
   Entrrorrhagia Simplex, Hasmatocheria
   EXTERORRHA'PHIA, Enteror-'rhaphe,  from
 tvrcpov, 'intestine,' and  patbn, 'a suture.'  Suture
 of the intestines, for the relief of injuries done to
 them.
   KXTERORRIIEU'MA. Rheumatis'mus Intesti-
 nonim, from cvrcpov, 'intestine,' and pcvpa,  'de-
 nuxion, rheumatism.'  Rheumatism of the intes-
 tines.
   EXTERORRHEXIS, Enterobrosis.
   EXTERORRIKE \.  Diarrhoea, Melasna.
   EXTEROSARCOCE'LE, from tvrtpov, 'intes-
 tine, oap{, 'flesh,' and *„>„, 'a  tumour.'  Intes-
 tinal hernia, complicated with fleshy excrescence,
 or rather sarcocele.
   EXTEROSARCOMIA,  Enteropathia  cance-
 rosa.
   EXTEROSCHEOCE'LE, Enteroschoce'le, from
 '?w;'nn lnt(,stine.' ot,Xtor, 'the  scrotum,'and
 ma*,  tumour.'  Scrotal hernia consisting of in-
 testine.                                °

 ros?TER°SCrRRrlUS'  Enter°Pathia  cance-

  EXTERO'SES, from cvrcpov, 'an  intestine.' A
 ciass of diseases, comprehending all those  that
 »re seated in  the intestines.—Alibert.
  EXTEROSPHIOMA. Enteroperistole.
  ENTEROSTEXO'SIS, from cvrcpov,  'intestine,'
nn<i„CWllat(< . stricture.'  Stricture or constriction
o'fhe intestines.   See Reus.
  Entfrostenosis Volvulus,  Ileus — e. Or«-a-
.°   t'n.t«opatb.ia cancerosa —e. Scirrhosa,  En-
wopathia cancerosa.
    ENTEROTOME, Enterolomus, from tvrcpov,
  'intestine,' and rcpvia, 'I cut.'  A name given by
  J. Cloquet to an instrument for promptly opening
  the intestinal canal through its whole extent.  It
  consists of  a pair of scissors, one blade of which
  is much longer than the other,  and  rounded at its
  extremity.   This is passed  into the intestine.
    ENTEROTOMTA, Enterolomy, same etymon.
  In anatomy, it signifies dissection of the intes-
  tines.   In surgery, it means  an operation, little
  used, which consists in opening the intestines,  in
  order to evacuate the faecal matters accumulated
  in it; for example, in certain cases of hernia, ac-
  companied  with  contraction  of  the  intestinal
  canal;  in operations for an artificial anus,  per-
  formed on  the new-born, where  the rectum  is
  imperforate or not existing, <fcc.
    ENTEROTOMY, Enterotomia.
    ENTEROTYPIIUS,  see Typhus.
    ENTEROZOA, Worms.
    ENTERYDROCE'LE, Euterohydroce'le, from
  tvrtpov, 'intestine,"u<5mp, 'water,' and kVXt,, 'rup-
  ture.   Intestinal hernia with hydrocele
    ENTHELMINTHES, Worms.
    ENTHEOMANIA, Demonomania.
    ENTHLA'SIS, Esphlu'sis, IlUs'io, from cv, < in.'
  and\SXato, 'I break.'  A fracture of the cranium,
  with comminution, in which the bone is depressed.
  or has lost its level.
    Enthlasis Cranii, Effractura Cranii.
    ENTITE, Entity.
    ENTITY, En'titas. (F.) Entiti,- from ens, entis,
   a being.   The being  or essence  of anything
  It has  been used somewhat vaguely, in inodern
  French medicine more  especially, to signify ap-
  parently a general or essential disease, the nature
  and  seat of  which cannot be  determined —
  Nysten.
   ENTOCELE, Ectopia.
   Entoce'le  Lentis.   Dislocation  of the crys-
  talline into the anterior chamber  of the eve
   ENTOGONYAN'CON, Genu varum, Ca/f'knee,
  Xleg, from tvros, 'within,' yow,  'the knee,'and
  iiyKurv, 'a bend.'  Bending of the  knees inwards.
  The  state  of  being  knock-kneed,  or in-kneed
  (Prov.)  Knap-kneed, (Sc.) Nulc-kneed.
   ENTOHYALOID MUSC^l, see  Metamor-
  phopsia.
   ENTONIA, Tension,  Tonic spasm.
   ENTONIC, Enton'icus, from tv,  denoting  ex-
 cess, and rovos, 'tone.'   Having great tension or
 exaggerated action.

   ENTONNOTR, Calix, Infundibulum -e. du
  I entricule  3foyen du Cerveau,  Infundibulum of
 the brain.
   ENTOPARASITES, Worms.
   ENTOPHTHAL'MIA, from cvros, 'within,'and
 otpBaXpta, 'inflammation  of the eye.' Ophthalmia
 affecting the interior of  the eye.
   ENTOPHYTE. Entoph'yton, (pi. Entoph'yta,)
 from cvros, ' within,' and tpvrov, ' a vegetable.'  A
 vegetable parasite, and especially one growing in
 the interior of the body.  The  following are the
 chief entophytes:—
   Al9a •;...................... of the mouth.
   Achorion Sehonldnii.... in  Porrigo favosa
   Achorion Lebertii........ in  Porrigo scutulata
   Alicrosporon Audouini. in  Porrigo decalvans.
   Mycoderm.................. 0f  Plica Polonica.
           .................. of  Mentagra.
           .................. of  Mnguet.
           .................. of ulcerated and mucous
   „  .                     surfaces.
   Sarcrna ventriculi....... 0f  the stomach.
   lorula ....................    «      ,(

   ENTOPHYT'IC, Entophylicus, same etymon.
Of or belonging to an entophyte,-as  ' an exo-
phytic growth.' 
ENTOPTERYGOID          342              tiPERVlERE
  ENTOPTERYGOID, see Pterygoid.
  ENTOPTIC, Entop'ticns, from  cvros, 'within,'
and oi^if, 'vision.'  Relating or appertaing to the
vision of Objects within the organ of sight, — as
of the bloodvessels of the retina.
  EXTORSE, Sprain.
  ENTOSTHETHIDIA, Entrails.
  EXTOSTHIA, Entrails.
  ENTOSTOSIS.  Enostosis.
  ENTOTORRIICEA. Otirrhosa.
  ENTOTOZ.ENA, Ozasna.
  ENTOXICISMUS. Poisoning.
  ENTOXISMUS, Poisoning.
  ENTOZOA, (sing.  Entozoon,) Worms.
  EXTOZOAIRES, Worms.
  ENTOZOARIA, Worms.
  EXTOZOOGENESIS, Helminthiasis.
  ENTOZOON  FOLLICULORUM, Acarus Fol-
liculorum.
  ENTRAILLES, Entrails.
  ENTRAILS. Splanchna, Encoe'lia,  Vis'cera,
Entosthid'ia, Entos'thia, Entosthethid'ia, Inter a.'-
•nea, from enteralia, a word of bad Latin, coming
from cvrcpov, ' intestine.'  It is used for the vis-
cera enclosed in the splanchnic cavities, and es-
pecially for those in the abdomen ; Bowels, Guts,
(F.) Entrailles,  Visceres.   Exta  has had  this
latter signification,  but it was most frequently
used by the ancients, as by Pliny, for the thoracic
viscera.
  ENTREFESSOX, Chafing.
  ENTRICHO'MA, from tv,  'in,' and rpiXt»pa,
(Spif, rptXos,) 'hair.'  The  tarsal  cartilage,  and
the edge  of the eyelids, in which the cilia are
implanted.
  ENTROPTON,  Entrop'ium, from  cv, 'in,' and
rpcrror, 'I turn.'  Inver'sio palpebra'rum. Capillit"-
ium, Trichiasis, Intrositscep'tio seu Blepharopto'-
sis entropium, Blepharelo'sis, Tri'chia, Tricho'sis.
A name given'to the inversion or turning inwards
of the eyelids, so that the eye-lashes are directed
towards the globe  of the  eye;  irritate  and in-
flame it, and give  rise to  the affection  called
Trichiasis.
  The contact of the hair with the surface of tbe
eye occasions considerable  irritation of the con-
junctiva, which is soon followed by cbemosis,
ulceration of the eye, and other symptoms, such
as fever, watchfulness, <fcc.
  If the disease be entropion, as above defined,
that is, dependent upon the inversion of the eye-
lids, it must be remedied, — either by dispersing
the oedema  or swelling of the eyelids, or by cut-
ting out a portion  of the skin. When the disease
is dependent on a vicious direction  of the cilia,
they must be plucked out and the bulbs be cau-
terized.
  ENTROPIUM,  Entropion.
  ENTYPOSIS, see Glene.
  ENUCLEATION, Enuclea'tio, from enucleare,
enucleatum, (e, and nucleus,) 'to take  out  a ker-
nel.' This term  has been proposed for the  opera-
tion of removing tumours,  Ac, without cutting
into them.—Percy.
  The word is  used in Pharmacy  for the opera-
tion of shelling  or removing the  kernels  of any
nut.
  ENULA  CAMPANA, Inula Helenium.
  ENU'LON, from cv, 'in,' and ovXov, 'the gum.'
The inner part of the gums.   The external part
was called ovXov, and that between the teeth apuos.
—Pollux.
  ENURE'SIS, from tvovpcm,  (tv,  and ovpcw,) 'I
void the urine  in  bed.'  Paru'ria incon'tinens,
Incontinen'tia  urlna,  Excre'tio Urina involun-
ta'ria  seu  inopportn'na, 3Iidtio  involunta'i ia,
Uracra'tia,  Urorrhoe'a, Perirrhoe'a, Stranguria,
(Galen,)  Anischu'ria, Hyperure'sis,   Diaulnes,
Involuntary discharge of urine,  Incontinence of
urine.  This affection is most common in advnncerl
life.  It may depend  on too great irritability of
the bladder,  or on distension, or injury of the
fibres  about its  neck,  paralysis of  tbe organ
Cysto-paraly'sis,  Cysto-ple'gia, the presence of
an  irregularly  shaped calculus  impacted in the
urethra near its commencement; rupture of the
bladder and  urethra; renal disease;  or on  pres-
sure exerted on the  bladder by the  distended
womb  or by a tumour.  It often occurs after dif-
ficult labour, but generally yields, in the course
of a week or ten days;  the catheter being intro-
duced  twice a day in  the mean time.
  The treatment must  of course vary according
to the  cause; and when the affection on which it
is dependent  cannot be removed, the discharge
of urine may be prevented by exerting a degree
of compression on  the  urethra, by  means of ap-
propriate  instruments;  or a urinal may be em-
ployed to receive the  urine as it passes off.
  ENVIE,  Hangnail,  Malacia,  Naevus — e.  de
Vomir, Nausea.
  ENYPNION, Somnium.
  ENYSTRON, Abomasus.
  ENZOOTIA, Enzooty.
  ENZOOTY. Euzoot'ia,  (F.) Enzootic, from tv,
'in,' and £woi», 'animal.'  An  endemic disease at-
tacking animals.
  EP, EPH, EPI, tx,  up, c-irt, 'upon, above;' in
composition,  generally  means,  'augmentation,
addition,  increase,  reciprocal  action, repetition.'
Hence :
  EPACMAS'TICOS, from tm, and  aKpufr, 'I
increase.'   An  epithet applied to fevers, Feki-en
epacmas'tica, whose symptoms go on augmenting
in violence, from the commencement to the ter-
mination.  Such  fevers are, also, called Epana-
didon'tes.
  EPAGOGIUM, Phimosis, Prepuce.
  EPANADIPLOSIS, Anadiplosis.
  EPANALEPSIS, Anadiplosis.
  EPANASTASIS,  from  snavtorripi, 'to ennse
to rise up.' Pustule.  The formation of a tuuiour.
The breaking out of an  eruption—Erup'tio exan-
the'matis.  A pustule.
  EPANASTEMA, Exanthem, swelling.
  EPANCHEMEXT, Effusion
  EPANESIS, Remission.
  EPANETUS. Remittent —e. Hectica, Hectic
fever — e.  Malignus  flavus,  Fever, yellow—e.
Mitis,  Remittent fever.
  EPANORTHOSIS, Restauratio.
  EPANTHEMA,  Exanthem.
  EPANTHISMA, Exanthem.
  EPAPH^E'RESIS, from eiratpatptur, (mi,  artu,
and atpeor, 'I  take,'  'I take away.'  Repeti'ta
subla'tio seu  evacua'tio.   A repeated abstraction
or  evacuation.  It was formerly used  synony-
mously with  repeated bloodletting;  Phlebotom'ia
itera'ta.—Galen.
  EPAPHRISMOS, Despumation.
  EPARMA, Tumour.
  EPARSIS, Tumour.
  EPAULE, Humerus.
  EPENCRANIS. Cerebellum.
  EPENDYMA, Membrane.
  Epen'dyma  Ventriculo'rum, En'dyma  sea
Indumen'tum ventriculo'rum, from cm, and tvhur,
(tv, and ivw.) ' I enter ;' hence, trttvivpa,' an upper
garment or cloak.'  The lining membrane of the
ventricles of  the brain, formed by a prolongation
of the pia mater, and probably also of the arach-
noid.
  E PER ON, Hippocampus minor— I. <*«' Ar'
tires, Spur.
  EPER VIER, Accipiter.
  EPER VIE RE  DES 31UR AIL LES,  Hiera-
cium murorum. 
EPHEB^EON              8-13              EPICRANIUM
  EPHEB.E'ON, Epheba'um, from tm, and 'vfin,
'pubes.'  The  parts of generation: also, the re-
gion of the pubes, as well as tbe hair upon the
pubes.  It meant, likewise, a part of the  ancient
gymnasium in which  the  rhetoricians, philoso-
phers, <fec, disputed.
  EPHEBEUM, Mons veneris.
  EPHE'BIA, Ephebla,  Pubertas.  Same ety-
mon.  The age of puberty.
  EPHEBOSYNE,  Puberty.
  EPIIEBOTES, Puberty.
  EPHE'BUS, Pubens, Puber,  (F.)  Pubere,
 Ephibc.  One who  has attained  the  age of pu-
 berty.
   El'HEDRANA, Nates.
   EPHEL'CIS,  from  cm, and 'cXkos,  'an ulcer.'
 The crust or scab of an ulcer.
   EPHELIDE  SCORBUTIQUE, Chloasma.
   EPHE'LIDES, from  e-m, and 'vXtos, 'the sun.'
 Kjiichro'sis, Mae'ula  sola'ris,  Mm-'ula fiusca seu
 lenticulilres,  Vitilig"ines, Phaci,  Pannus lenticu-
 la'ris. Lent ic'ula, Lentigo, Ephelis Lentigo seu
 Lentie'ula  seu it sole, Nigre'do &  sole Spilo'sis
 ephelis,  A^sta'tes,  Ejfila,  Freckles,  Sunburn,
 (Prov.)  Fernitiekles,   Fanfickles,  Farntickles,
 Ferufrecklcs,  Fanfeckles, Forupeckles, Freckens,
 Mitt-jles, (F.)  Taches  de  rousseur; Hale.  This
 term includes  not only the yellow lentigines, which
 appear on persons of  a fair skin, and  the  larger
 brown patches,  which also arise from exposure
 to the direct rays of the sun, but also those large
 dusky patches which  are very similar in appear-
 ance,  but occur on other parts  of the  surface,
 that are constantly  covered.   See   Chloasma.
 They  do not extend farther than the skin.  Many
 cosmetics have  been  recommended for their re-
 moval.  Simple spirituous lotions or weak mine-
 ral acids, applied a few times in the  day, are as
  effectual as any  other means.
    One, affected with freckles, is said to he freckled,
  (Sc.)  Fairntickled, Fernitickled,  (Prov.) Farn'-
  tiekletl,  Fan'tickled,  Fern freckled, Fornpeckled,
  Freekeneil, Sfurfied, (F.)  Tacheti de Rousseurs.
    EPHELIS, see  Ephelides— e. Lentigo, Ephe-
  lides—e. d Sole, Ephelides.
    EPIIELOTES, Leucoma.
    EPIIEM'ERA,  Dia'ria, from tm,  and  'niitpa,
  'a day.'  That  which continues  a  day.  This
  epithet  is given to diseases,  and particularly to
  fevers, which last only a day.—Febris dia'ria seu
  simplex seu Ephe'mera, Ephemerop'yra, Febric'u-
  la, Ephem'eral, Diary  or  Simple  Fever, (F.)
  Fievre iphimlre.   The term prolonged ephem'era
  is sometimes used for  fevers, which cease after
  two or three days' duration.
    Ephemera Angi.ica Pestilens, Sudor angli-
  cus—e.  Britannica, Sudor Anglieus—e. Maligna,
  Sudor Anglieus—e. Mortifera, Plague—e. Pesti-
  lentialis, Plague—e. Sudatoria, Sudor Anglieus.
    EPHEMEROPYRA, Ephemera.
    EP1IEMERUS,  Quotidian.
    EPHIALTES HYPOCHONDRIACA, Incubus
  vigilantium—e. Nocturnus, Incubus—e. Vigilan-
  tiutn. Incubus vigilantium.
    EPHIDRO'SES, (G.)  Ephidrosen.  A divi-
  sion  of the  family Ekzematosen, of Fuchs,
  comprising morbid varieties of sweating.
    EPHIDRO'SIS, from cm, and 'tipour, ' I sweat.'
  Hitlro'sis, Idro'sis, Suda'tio,  Sweating.   Of old,
  it meant, at times,  a slight sweating, sudatiun'cu-
  bt, of no value, and of bad augury;  at others, a
  pood  and critical  sweat It has  likewise been
  used for a copious sweat.
    Epiiidrosis Propu'sa, E. spanta'nea seu idio-
  path'ica,  Hydnrpede'sis, Exsuda'tia,  Exuda'tio,
  ">ipertphidro'*ix.  Hi/perhydro'sis, Hydrorrhoe'a,
  liali-upede'tis, (F.) Flux de Sueur. An excessive
  iweating.  A colliquative sweat.  Such  copious
perspirations are  generally owing to  debility of
the exhalants, and  require  the use  of tonics,
especially of the mineral acids, opium, &c.
  Ephidrosis, Desudatio — e.  Cruenta, Sudor
cruentus—e. Saccharata, Sudor dulcis.
  EPHIPPIUM, Sella Turcica.
 , EPH'ODOS, from  cm, and 'oios, 'a way,' 'a
road  or avenue  to a place.'  Hippocrates  uses
this word in three senses: 1. For the vessels or
canals,  which give passage to the excrements of
the body. 2. For a periodical attack or accession
of fever; and 3.  For  the  approach of similar or
dissimilar things which may be useful or hurtful
to the body.—Castelli.
  EPH'RATA SPRINGS.   These are  in Lan-
caster County, Pennsylvania.  The water is pure:
and facilities are  afforded for bathing—warm  and
cold.
   EPI, Spica.
   EPI'ALOS, Hepi'alos, Qner'cera,  Quer'quera.
A name given by the ancients to fever, when the
hot stage was mingled with irregular chills. Also,
the cold stage of fever.
   EPIALTES, Incubus.
   EPIAMA, Lenitive.
   EPIAN,  Framboesia.
   EPIBLEMA, Catablema.
   EPIBOLE, Incubus.
   EPICANTHIS, Canthus.
   Epican'this, from  cm, and KavOos, 'the angle
 of the eye.'  A defective formation,  in which a
 fold of  skin passes from the root of the nose over
 the inner canthus of the eye.
   EPICAR'PIUM,  Pericar'pium, from  em,  and
 Kap-os,  'the wrist.'  An  application made to the
 wrists,  or to the region of the pulse, was so called.
   EPICAUMA,  Encauma.
   EPICAUSIS,  Encauma.
   EPICERASTICA, Emollients.
   EPICHOLOS. Bilious.
   EPICHORDIS, Mesentery.
   EPICHORION, Decidua.
   EPICHORIUM, Epidermis.
   EPICHRISIS, Inunctio.
   EPICHRO'SIS, Spilo'sis, from cm, and xporpa,
 ' colour.'  Simple discoloration  of the surface.—
 Good.   Ephelides.
   Epichrosis Spili,  see  Nasvus.
   EPICHYSIS,  Affusion.
   EPICCELIDES, Cilia,  Palpebra (superior.)
   EPICCE'MASIS,  from cmKoipaoimi, (cm,  and
 Kotpaopat, 'to lie  down to rest,'  'to sleep.')   De-
 al bitus ad dormien'dum et Dormil'io.  The po-
 sition of sleeping, as well as sleeping itself.
   EPICOL'IC,  from  cm, and koiXov,  'the colon.'
 The  epicolic regions, regio'nes epic.ol'ica,  are
 those parts of the abdomen which correspond to
 the colon.
   EPICOLLESTS, Agglutination.
   EPICON'DYLE,  Epicon'dylus,  from  cm,  and
 KovivXos, 'a condyle.'  A name  given, by Chaus-
 sier,  to an eminence at the outer part of the infe-
 rior  extremity of the os humeri; so called, be-
 cause it is  seated above  the condyle.  The  epi-
 condyle gives attachment to  the outer lateral
 ligament of the elbow joint, and to a very strong
 tendon  to which several of the muscles of the
 posterior part of the forearm are attached.
   EPICONDYLO-CUBITALIS, see Anconeus —
 e. Radial,  Supinator  radii brevis — e. Sus-mita-
 carpien, see Radialis — e. Sus-phalangettien com-
 mun, Extensor digitorum communis—e. Sus-]jha-
 langettien du petit doigt, Extensor proprius minimi
 digiti.
   EPICOPHO'SIS, from em, and re^ms, ' deaf-
 ness.'  Deafness supervening on another disease.
   EPICRA'NTUM,  from tm,  and  Kpaviov, 'the
 cranium.'   A name given  to different parts seated
 on the  cranium.   The skin, aponeurosis  between 
EPICRANIUS             344              EPIGASTRIC
tbe occipital and frontal muscles, and the whole
of the scalp,  have been  so  called.  Portal in-
cludes under this  name the  occipito-frontalis
muscle, pyramidalis nasi,  and superior and ante-
rior auricular muscles.  The  pericranium.
  EPICRANIUS, Occipito-frontalis.
  EPICRA'SIS,  Contempera'tio, from emKtpavvv-
pt, (cm, and Kcpavvvpt, ' I mix,') ' I temper.'  A
term used by the humourists for an amelioration
ofi the humours.   They called Cure by Epicrasis
—per epicrasin, a mode of treatment by imagined
alteratives, which they supposed to be possessed
of the power of gradually correcting the vitiated
humours.
  EPICROUSIS, Percussion.
  EPICTENTUM, Pubes.
  EPICTETI MORBI, Acquired diseases.
  EPICYEMA, Superfostation.
  EPICYESIS, Superfostation.
  EPICYSTOTOMIA, see Lithotomy.
  EPIDEISIS, Deligation.
   EPIDEM'IC,  Epide'mius, Epidem'icus, (F.)
Epidimique.   Same  etymon as Epidemy.  Ap-
pertaining to an epidemy.  An epidemy.
   Epidemic Constitution, Epidemy—e. Disease,
Epidemy—e. Influence, Epidemy.
   EP1DEM1GITE, see Epidemy.
   EPIDEMICUS, Epidemy.
   EPIDEMIOG' RAPHY, Epidemiograph'ia,
from cm, 'noon,' inpos, 'the people,'  and ypatpn,
' a, description.'   A  history or description  of
epidemics.
   EPIDEMIO L'O G Y, Epidemiolog"ia, from
epidemy, and Xoyos,  'a description.'  The doc
 trine of epidemics.
   EPIDEMIQUE, Epidemy.
   EPIDEMIUS, Epidemy.
   EP'IDEMY,  Epidem'ic,  Epide'mia,  3forbus
 pub'liens seu popula'ris seu epidem'icus seu epi-
 de'mius, Epidem'ic disease,  E. influence, E. con-
 stitution ; from cm, and irjpos, 'the people.' (F.)
 Epidimie.   A disease which attacks at the same
 time  a number of individuals,  and which  is  re-
 ferred to  some particular  constitutio aeris,  or
 condition  of the  atmosphere, with which we are
 utterly  ignorant.  It differs from endemic,  the
 latter being owing to locality;  but it is obvious,
 that should a particular  epidemic  consitution of
 the  air — epidemic"ity, (F.) ipidimicite — exist
 along with a favouring endemic condition, these
 combined influences  may act in the  causation of
 several  of  those serious and  fatal complaints,
 which at  times visit a  district,  and are  never
 afterwards  met with, or  at  least not until after
 :he lapse of a considerable period.
   EPIDENDRUM VANILLA, see  Vanilla.
   EPID'ERIS, Epider'rhis, Epider'rhion, Hy-
  pod'eris,  Hypoder'mis,  Hypoder'rhis,  from  cm,
 and iefias, 'a skin.'   This word, with  some,  means
 the  nymphas;  with others, the  clitoris; with
 others,  again, the prepuce  of the clitoris.
   EPIDERMA, Epidermis.
   EPIDERMATIS, Epidermis.
   EPIDER'MIC, Epiderm'icus, Epiderm'al, Epi-
  derma'lis,  (F.)  E\pidermique:  same etymon as
  epidermis.   Belonging to the epidermis,—as
   EPIDERMIC CELLS, see Cell, epidermic.
   EPIDERMIDON'OSI, Epidermidonu'si, from
  t-tieppts,  ' epidermis,' and voaos,  ' disease.'  Dis-
  eases of the epidermis.
   EPIDERMION, Epidermis.
    EPIDER'MIS,   Epider'mion,   Epider'matis,
  Epider'ma, Epicho'riurn, Sum'mitas  cutis,  Cutic'-
  ula,  C. ex'tima  seu extre'ma, Cutis extima seu
  gumma seu ultima, Pellis summa,  Pellic'ula sum-
  ma seu supe'rior, Lam'ina prima  cutis,  Opercu-
  lum cutis, from tm, ' upon,' and  itppa, ' the  true
skin.' Scarf-skin, Cuticle.  (F.) Sitrpeau, Cnticuh.
A  transparent, dry, thin membrane,  devoid of
nerves and vessels, which covers all  the surface
of the body, except the parts that correspond to
the nails.   It appears to consist of minute scales,
placed one above the other.   Chaussier considers
it  to be formed and reproduced by an excretory
action of the true skin ; to act like a dry varnish,
which  prevents the immediate contact of bodies
with the nervous  papillae, and  consequently to
deaden tactile impressions, which, without its in-
tervention, might be  painful.  The  F/riiler'mic,
Epider'meous,  or Epidermoid (as Bichat called
it) System, in  general anatomy, comprises three
parts.   1. External  Epidermis.   2.  Epidermis
spread  over the  mucous  membranes.  3.  Tbe
Nails and Hair.
   Epidermis  Linguae, see Tongue.
   EPIDERMOID, Epidemiol'des, from epider-
mis, and ciios,  'resemblance.'     Resembling the
epidermis.
   EPIDERRHION, Epideris.
   EPIDERRHIS. Epideris.
   EPIDERRHITIS, Nymphitis.
   EPIDESIS, see Bandage—e. Hemostasia, Li-
gature.
   EPIDESMTS, Epidesmus.
   EPIDESMUM, Epidesmus.
   EPIDES'MUS, Epidcs'mis,Epides'inum,Sitper-
liga'men,  from cm, and icur, ' I bind.'  A fascia,
bandage or ligature,  by which dressings are se-
cured.—Hippocrates.
   EPIDID'YMIS, from  em, ' upon,' and iiivpos,
' a testicle.'  Epidid'ymus, Did'ymis, Paras'tuta,
 Testic'ulus accesso'rius, Caput testis, Corpus vari-
co'sum  seu varicifor'me  testis, Supergeniinn'lis,
(F.) Corpus variqueux ou vttriciforme.  That which
is placed  upon the testicle.  A small, oblong, ver-
miform, grayish body,  lying along  the superior
margin of the testicle.   The Epididymis is n
canal formed  by the union of all  the seminiferous
vessels folded  several times  upon  themselves,
after having  traversed the  Corpus Hiifiimoria'-
 num.  Its lower portion or tail, Cauda seu globus
 seu caput minor, is curved upwards,  and is  con-
 tinuous with  the  vas deferens; the  opposite ex-
 tremity is called the head, globus  seu caput major.
 The length of this canal, folded as it is upon it-
 self and  describing numerous curvatures, is, ac-
 cording to Munro, 32 feet.
   EPIDIDYMITIS,  Parastatitis — e. Blcnnor-
 rhagic, Hernia humoralis.
   EPID'OSIS, from cm, 'upon,'and itourpt, J to
 give.'  Augmentation, increase.   A word applied
 to the natural increase of the body,  or to the in-
 crease of a disease.
    EPID'ROME,  Epidrom'ia,  Epiph'ora,  from
 emiptput, (cr.i, and ipepur, 'I run,')T run upon.
 An afflux or  congestion of humours.—Galen.
    EPIDROMIA, Epidrome.
    EPIFAGUS AMERICANUS, Orobanche Vir-
 giniana—e. Virginianus, Orobanche  Virginiana.
    EPIGiE'A  (properly  EPIGE'A) REPENS,
  (tTri, 'upon,'  and yn, 'the earth,' from its trailing
  growth. )   Trailing Ar'britns,  Ground  Laurel,
  3Iayflower,  called, by the Shakers,  Gmrelplant.
  A small, trailing  plant, of the Family Ericaceas,
  which grows in  sandy woods,  or in rocky soil,
  especially in  the shade of pines.   Its flowers
  appear in early  spring,  and exhale a rich, spicy
  fragrance.  The  leaves  and  stems  are prepared
  and used like uva ursi.                      ,
    EPIGASTRAL'GIA, from epigastrium, and
  aXyos, ' pain.'  Pain at the epigastrium.
    EPIGASTRIC,  Epigas'tricus,   Epigas'triM,
  fromtTT.. 'upon,' andyao-njp, ' tbe stomach.' TbH
  name ha3 been given to several parts.
    Epigastric Ar'tery,  Arte'ria   epigas tnea,
  Artere sus-pubienne,  (Ch.)   It arises from the 
EPIGASTRICUS            845                  EPILEPSY
external iliac, on a level with the crural arch ;
sometimes by a trunk proper to it, at others by
one common to it and the Obturator artery.  It
ascends upwards and inwards, behind the sper-
matic, cord, follows  the outer edge  of  the rectus
abdominis muscle, and anastomoses, towards the
umbilicus, with  the  internal  mammary.  The
epigastric  artery anastomoses, also, with  the ob-
turator, spermatic,  lumbar, and  intercostal ves-
sels.
   Epigastric Region, Regio epigas'trica seu car-
diaca  seu stomach'ica  seu  stomacha'lis, is the
superior region of the abdomen, comprised be-
 tween the false ribs on each side, and extending
from the  lower surface of the diaphragm to two
fingers' breadth above  the  umbilicus.   It  is
 divided into three parts, one middle, the epigas'-
 trinm,—and two lateral,  the hypochorldria.
   Epigastric Vein follows nearly the same course
 us the artery.
   EPIGASTRICUS,  Epigastric.
   EPIGASTRIUM.   Same etymon.   The belly;
 the epigastric region.
   EPIGASTRICUS,  Epigastric.
   EPIGASTROCE'LE, from Cm, yaarr,p, 'thesto-
 mach,' and KuXq, 'a tumour.'  Hernia, formed by
 the stomach ;  Gas'troce'le.   This name has been
 given more especially to  hernia, which occurs to-
 wards the upper part of the linea alba or in the
 epigastric region, whether formed  or not by the
 Stomach.
   EPIGEA, Epigasa.
   EPIGEXEMA, Epigenesis.
   EPIGKX'ESIS, from cm, and ycvcats, 'genera-
 tion.'  A  theory of conception, according to which
 the new being is created  entirely anew; and re-
 ceives at  once  from  each parent  the  materials
 necessary for its formation.  Also, a new forma-
 tion.
   Epioenesis, as well as Epigene'ma, or Epigen-
 vc'ma, is,  also, applied to any symptom occurring
 during  a  disease, without changing its  nature.
 An accessory symptom.   Epiginom'enos, Sttper-
 ve'niens, has a similar acceptation.
   EPtGlXOMEXOS, see Epigenesis.
   EPIGLOTTIC,  Epiglolticus :  same etymon
 as Epiglottis.   Relating to the epiglottis.
   Epiglottic Gland, Peri glol Us,  Caro glandu-
 lo'sa.  A  collection of small, glandular granula,
 situate  in the  adipose,  areolar  texture at the
 base of the anterior surface of the epiglottis, in a
triangular space, bounded anteriorly by the thy-
rohyoid  membrane and thyroid cartilage.   It
pours out  an  unctuous and mucous fluid, which
lubricates  the  epiglottis, keeps  it supple and
movable,  and  prevents the larynx  from  being
irritated by the constant passage of the  air,  in
the act of respiration.
   EPIGLOTTIS, from cm, and yXorms, 'theglot-
tis.'   Epiglottic cartilage,  Lig'tila,  Operculum
laryn'gis,  Lingua Ex'igua, Lin'gnla fis'tula, Sttb-
hilguum,  Superlig'ula.  A tibro-cartilage,  situate
at the upper part of the larynx, behind the base
of the tongue.   Its form is oval ; texture elastic;
thickness  greater below than above, and greater
in the middle than at the sides.  By  its smaller
extremity, which is the  lower, it is attached to j
the thyroid cartilage:  its two surfaces are covered
by the mucous membrane of the  pharynx and
larynx.  The special use  of the epiglottis would
seem to  be to cover  the glottis accurately  at the
moment of deglutition, and, thus, to assist  in op-
posing the passage of  alimentary substances into
the air tubes.
  EPIGLOTTITIS, Infiamma'tio Epight'tidis,
Angi'na  epiglottide'a, (F'.) Inflammation de  I'Epi-
gln'tr.  Inflammation of the epiglottis.
  EPIGLOT'TUM.  An  instrument, mentioned <
 by Paracelsus, for raising the eyelids.   It resem-
 bled the epiglottis in shape.
   EPIGLOU'TIS, from £7ri,and yXovr,,^ • the but-
 tocks.'   The superior region  of  the nates.—
 Gonseus.
   EPIGNA'THUS, from cm, 'upon,' and yvadoc,
 'the jaw.'  A double monster, in which an incom-
 plete fostus is rooted, with its blood vessels in the
 palate of one more complete.
   EPIG'ONE,  Gone,  Hypoph'ysis,  Progen'ies,
 Proles,  Sob'oles,  Sub'oles,  from  cm, and  yovi?,
 'sperm.'  Offspring.   Progeny.  Also, Superf'ce-
 tation.
   EPIGONION, Foetus.
   EPIGONIS. Patella.
   EPIGONON, Superfostation.
   EPIGOUNIS, Patella.
   EPIGUNTS, Patella.
   EPILATOIRE, Depilatory.
   EPILATORIUM, Depilatory.
   EPILEMPSIS, Epilepsy.
   EPILENTIA, Epilepsy.
   EPILEPSIA,  Epilepsy—e. Acuta  Infantum,
 Eclampsia —e. Algetica, see Algos — e. Febrilis
 infantum, Eclampsia—e. Nocturna, Incubus—e.
 Puerilis, Eclampsia infantum—e. Saltatoria, Cho-
 rea—e.  Uterina, Lorind matricis.
   EPILEPSIE, Epilepsy—e.  Utirine, Hysteria
 —e.  Vertige, see Epilepsia.
   EP'ILEPSY, 'tcpn vovtxos, atXnvaia vovaos, Epi-
 lepsia,  Epilep'sis,  Epilemp'sis, Epilerltia, Sys-
 pa'sia Epilepsia, Catalen'tia, Deciden'tia, Pas'sio
 cadlva,  Heracle'us morbus,  Hieran'osus, Depre-
 herlsio,  Clonos epilepsia, Prehen'sio, Perdil'io,
 Epilep'tica pas'sio, Morbus comil'ialis seu cadtl-
 cus  seu  Hercule'us  seu sacer  seu  astra'lis  seu
 sidera'tus seu damoni'acus seu  Sancti Johan'nis
 seu fcedus seu pueri'lis seu magnus seu major sen
 interlu'nius  seu  divlnus seu damo'nius seu soil-
 ticus seu seleni'acus seu lunalicus seu  mensa'lia
 seu  deif'icus seu  sceles'tus seu vitriola'tus  seu
 viridel'lus seu  Sancti.  Volenti'ni, Malum cadtl-
 cum, Analep'sia, Catapto'sis,  lnsa'nia cadlva,
 Apoplex'ia parva, Cadu'ea pas'sio, Lues divlna,
 Viliurn cadu'ettm seu divlnum seu Hcrcule'ttm,
 Falling  sickness, Fa/ling-down,  (Old E.) Fulland-
 evyl, (F.) 3Ial caduc ou ilivin  ou  Saint-Jean ou
 de Terre,  Hautmal,  Goutte  caduque.   The word
 is  derived from cmXapjiavbi, 'future,'  cmXri^no,
 (cm, and Xap&avoi, ' I seize,') ' I seize upon.'  It is
 a disease of  the brain, which may either be idio-
 pathic or symptomatic, spontaneous or accidental,
 and which occurs in paroxysms, with uncertain
 intervals between.   These paroxysms  are cha-
 racterized by loss of consciousness and by con-
 vulsive motions of the muscles.   Frequently,  the
 fit attacks suddenly: at other times, it is  pre-
 ceded  by indisposition, vertigo, and stupor.  At
 times, before  the  loss of consciousness occurs, a
 sensation of a cold  vapour is  felt, hence called
 aura epilep'tica.  This  appears to rise in  some
 part of  the  body, proceeds  towards  the head;
 and  as soon  as it  has reached  the brain  the
 patient falls down.  The ordinary duration of a
 fit is  from 5 to  20 minutes.   Sometimes it goes
 off in a  few seconds; at others, it is  protracted
 for hours.  In all cases, there is a loss of sensa-
 tion, sudden  falling down, distortion of the eves
 and face; countenance of a red, purple or violet
 colour; grinding  of the teeth: foaming at  the
 mouth; convulsions of  the limbs; difficult respi-
 ration, generally  stertorous;  with, sometimes,in-
 voluntary discharge of fasces and  urine.  After
 the fit, the patient  retains not the least  recol-
lection of what  has  passed,  but remains,  for
some time, affected  with head-ach, stupor, and
lassitude.
  The  disease is in  the brain, and  is generally 
EPILEPTIC
3
46
EPIPHYTE
organic; but it  may be functional and sympto-
matic of irritation in  other  parts, as in the sto-
mach, bowels, <fcc.  The prognosis, as to ultimate
recovery, is unfavourable.   It does not, however,
frequently  destroy life, but is apt to lead to men-
tal imbecility.   Dissection has not thrown light
on its pathology.
   To the attacks of epilepsy which are unaccom-
panied  by  convulsions, as is sometimes the case,
the French give the  name  Petit-mal, and Epi-
lepsie Vertige, Cer'ebral Epilepsy.  Fully formed
epilepsy is  the Grand-mal of the  French, Spinal
Epilepsy.  When  furious  mania  succeeds to a
paroxysm,  it is  termed  3Iania  epileptica  and
Epileptic Delirium.
   In the treatment, the cause  must be sought
after, and if possible removed.   In the paroxysm,
but little can be done, but as the tongue is liable
to be injured by the teeth, the jaws may be kept
Open by putting a cork or  piece of wood between
them.   If the fit has been brought on  by  indi-
gestible food, the stomach must  be cleared.   It
is between the paroxysms that the  great effort
must be made.   Generally, there  is considerable
irritability  and  debility of the nervous system,
and hence tonics have been found the best reme-
dies.  Of these, perhaps  the most powerful,  in
epilepsy, is the  argenti nitras,  given  regularly
and continued for months, if necessary.  Prepa-
rations  of iron, copper, and  zinc, have also  been
used, and vegetable tonics and antispasmodics in
general.  Counter  irritants,  as  blisters, moxa,
Ac, may be  employed,  if necessary, along with
this course.
   Unfortunately, in many  cases, these means  are
found insufficient, and all that can be done is to
palliate, removing carefully  the  exciting causes;
such as the use of spirituous liquors, strong emo-
tions, violent exercise, Ac;  and regulating  the
diet.
   Epilepsy,  Cerebral, see  Epilepsy—e. Spinal,
see Epilepsy.
   EPILEPTIC, Epilep'ticus, Epilep'tus, Lnnat'-
icus,  Cadu'cans;  same etymon.  One affected
with epilepsy.   Any thing relating to  epilepsy;
as an epilep'tic  individual;  an epilep'tic symp-
tom.  Some authors also speak of epileptic reme-
dies.
   EPILEPTOID, Epileptoi'des; same etymon.
Resembling epilepsy—as ' epileptoid symptoms.'
   EPILO'BIUM  ANGUSTIFO'LIUM,  (from
eiri, Xofiov, and tov, 'a violetona pod,') Great Willow
herb.  An  indigenous plant, Order,  Onagraceas,
which flowers in July.  The root is emollient and
slightly astringent.
   Epilobium Colora'tum, Purple-veined Willow
herb, has similar properties.
   Epilobium Villo'sum, a South African plant,
is used at the Cape of Good Hope as a domestic
remedy for cleansing foul  ulcers.
   EPIM'ANES, from tmpatvouat, (tm, and paivo-
pai, ' I am in a rage at.')  A name given to a ma-
niac when in a paroxysm.
   EPIMELETAI,  from  emptXtopat,  (em,  and
utXiir, ' I take  care,') ' I take care of.'  A name by
which the  ancient Persians called the curers of
wounds, who  followed their armies.
   EPIMOR'IOS, 'unequal;' from cm, and uetota,
'I divide.'  An epithet applied to the pulse when
unequal.—Galen.
  EPTNARD,  Spinacia—i. Sauvage,  Chenopo-
dium bonus Henricus.
  EPINE, Spine — €. de  Cerfi,  Rhamnus — i. du
Dos, Vertebral column—e.  Gutturale, Nasal spine,
inferior  and posterior—e.  Sphinoidale, Sphenoi-
dal spine—i.  Vinette,  Oxyacantha Galeni.
  EPINEMESIS, Dispensation.
  EPINEPH'ELOS,  Nubilo'sus.  Presenting a
cloud.  Applied to the urine.—Hippocrates.
  EPINEUX, Spinous — i. du  Dos, grand, Spi-
nalis dorsi major: see Interspinals dorsi et luin-
borum — i. du Dos, petit, see Interspinals dorsi
et lumborum.
  EPINGLE, Pin.
  EPINIERE, Spinal.
  EPINOTION, Scapula.
  EPINYCTIDES, from  tm,  and w\,  wkTos,
'the night.'  Eruptions which appear on the skin
in the night, and disappear in the day.   Pus'tula
livens et noc'tibtts inquie'tans.—Pliny.
  EPINYCTIS  PRURIGINOSA, Urticaria.
  EPIONE, Decidua.
  EPIPAROXYS'MUS.   A  paroxysm  super-
added to an ordinary paroxysm.
  EPIPASTUM, Catapasma.
  EPIPE'CHU,  cmitr)Xv, from  cm, and  itnxvs,
'the elbow.'  The upper part of  the elbow. The
part above the elbow.—Gorraeus.
  EPIPEPHYCOS, Conjunctiva.
  EPIPH.ENOM'ENON, Post  appa'rens, Epi-
phenom'enon; same etymon as  the next.  Any
kind  of adventitious   symptom  which  occurs
during the progress of an affection; and which
is not as intimately connected  with the existence
of the disease as the symptoms properly so called.
  EPIPHA'NIA, from  cm, and tpatvw,  T exhi-
bit.'  Tho external appearance  of the body.—
Castelli.
  EPIPHEGUS   VIRGINIANA,  Orobanche
Virginiana.
  EPIPHENOMENON, Epiphasnomenon.
  EPIPH'LEBUS, from  cm,  and tfrXciP, tpXc(ios,
'a vein.'  An epithet given  to those whoso veins
are  very apparent.—Hippoc., Aretasus.
  EPIPHLEGIA, Inflammation.
  EPIPHLOGISMA,  Erysipelatous  inflarama.
tion.
  EPIPHLOGOSIS, Hyperphlogosis.
  EPIPH'ORA, Dacryno'ma,  Lacryma'tio, De-
lacryrniltio, Illacryma'tio, Stillicid'ium lacryma'-
rum, Oc'ulus lac'rymans; from tmipcpw, (cm, and
iptpor,) T carry to.' Weeping.  (F.) Lamioiement.
The watery eye; — an involuntary and constant
flow of tears upon the cheek. It  is  almost always
symptomatic of  some disease  of the lachrymal
passages, and occurs when the tears cannot pass
into the  ductus ad  nasum.  Occasionally, it ia
owing to the  tears being  secreted in  too great
quantity; as in certain cases of ophthalmia. The
treatment must of course be directed to the re-
moval of the cause.
  Epiphora, Epidrome, Ophthalmia—e. Alvi,
Diarrhoea—e. Ptyalismus, Salivation.
  EPIPHYMATA, Cutaneous  diseases.
  EPIPH'YSIS,  Additamerlturn,  from  cm, and
qrvur, 'I arise.'  Any portion of a bone, separated
from the  body of the  bone by a  cartilage, which
becomes  converted  into  bone  by age.  The epi-
physis of the foetus becomes the  apophysis of the
adult.
  Epiphysis Cruris Longioris  Incudis, Os or-
biculare.
  ~EP'IPHYTE, Epiph'yton, (pi.  Epipllyta,) from
t-m, and tpvrov,  'a  plant.'  Phyto-parasite.  A
parasite derived  from the  vegetable  kingdom.
Epiphytes are divided by Vogel  into, 1. Yegeta-
tions in the human fluids, as the  tor'ula cereiilia
in vomited fluids, and faecal evacuations, and the
sar'cina ventric'uli.  2. Vegetations on the  ex-
ternal skin and its appendages, as in tinea favosa,
mentagra, herpes tonsurans and plica  polonica;
and, 3. Vegetations on the mucous membrane,—
as in the aphthae of children ; in  the cicatrices of
the  mucous  membrane  after typhus,  &e.  By
some,  the term  epiphytes is restricted  to those 
EPIPLASMA
347
EPISIONCUS
vegetable parasites which grow on tho surface of
the body.
  EPIPLAS'MA, from tmnXaaaor,(tm,and -nXaaata,
'I smear,') 'I plaster.'  Cataplasm.  Galen uses
it especially for an application  of wheaten flour,
boiled in //gdrelaum, and applied to wounds.
  EPIPLE'GIA, from em, and nXriyrj, 'a stroke.'
Paralysis of the upper extremities.
  EPIPLERO'SIS,  from  tm, and TXnporais, 're-
pletion.   Excessive  repletion; distension.
  EPIP'LOCE,  from t-m, and irXtKia, 'I  twine.'
Coition.   Entanglement.
  Epip'loce Intestina'lis,   Conglomera'tio in-
testino'rum.  Conglomeration of the intestines.
  EPIPLOCE'LE, from epiploon, and  KnXn, 'tu-
mour.'  Epip'loic her'nia, Zirba'lis hernia, Her-
nia  omenta'lis,  Omental, hernia, (F.) Hernie de
I'ipiploon.  Omental hernia is recognised—but at
times with  difficulty — by a  soft, unequal, pasty
tumour, in which no gurgling sound is heard on
pressing or reducing it.  It is less dangerous than
hernia of the intestines.
  EPIPLO-ENTEROCE'LE, from epiploon,  tv-
rcpov, 'intestine,' and KnXn,  'tumour.'   Hernia,
formed  by the epiploon and a  portion  of intes-
tine. It is more commonly  called  En'tero-cpi-
 ploce'le.
  EPIPLOENTEROOSCHEOCE'LE,    Epiplo-
entcroschoce'le, from  epiploon, cvrcpov, 'intestine,'
oaXcov,  'scrotum,'  and  ktiXv,  'rupture.'   Hernia
with omentum and intestine in the scrotum.
   EPIP'LOIC, Epiplo'icus.  Relating to the
epiploon.
  Epiploic Appendages, Appendiculae  pingue-
dinosas.
  Epiploic  Ar'teries;  Arte'ria  Epiplo'ica.
The arterial branches, which are distributed to
the  epiploon, and which are given off by the gas-
tro-epiploicas.           _
   EPIPLO-ISCHIOCE'LE, from  epiploon, iaXi-
av, 'the ischium,' and KnXn, 'a tumour.'   Hernia
formed  by the  epiploon  through  the  ischiatic
notch.
   EPIPLOITIS, from epiploon, and itis, deno-
ting inflammation.   Inflammation of the omen-
tum ; Omentitis, Empresma peritonitis omenta'lis,
 Oineuti  infiamma'tio, Enteritis epiploi'tis, Omen-
te'sis.  A form of partial peritonitis.
   EPIPLOMEROCE'LE, from epiploon,  uvpos,
'the thigh,' and  kuXtj, 'a tumour.'  Femoral her-
nia, formed by the epiploon.
   EPIPLOMPHALOCELE,  Epiplomphalon.
  EPIPLOM'PHALON, Epiploonlphalon, Epi-
 plomphaloce'le,  Hernia umbilica'lis, from epi-
ploon, and op<paXos, 'the navel.'  Umbilical hernia,
formed by  the epiploon.
  EPIPLOM'PHRASIS, from epiploon, and cp-
tp-paooor, 'I obstruct.'   Induration of the epiploon.
  EPIPLOOCOMISTES,  from epiploon,  and
Kopt^w, 'I  enrry.'  One who  has  the  omentum
morbidly large.  Also, one  labouring under epi-
plocele.
  EPIP'LOON, Epip'loum, from em, 'above,'and
irXtti), 'I  swim or float.'  Omen'turn, Rete, Retic-
ulum ; Dertron; Zirbus,  Garlgame,  Gangamum,
Operimen'tnm intestino'rum,   Saccus epiplo'icus,
Sage'na, The Caul,  (Prov.) Flick, Web.   A pro-
longation of the peritoneum,  which floats above
a portion of the  intestines, and  is formed  of two
membranous layers, with vessels and fatty bands
distributed  through  it.   Anatomists have de-
scribed several epiploons.  The uses of the omen-
tum are but little known.  The  chief one  seems
to be, to  retain the  viscera in situ, and to give
passage  to vessels.
  Epiploon,  Colic,   Colic  Omen'turn,  Omentum
co'licum.  Third Epiploon or Omentum, is a dupli-
cature of the peritoueum,  situate along the as- |
cending portion of the colon, as far as its junc-
tion with  the transverse portion.  It is  behind
the great epiploon, and fills up the angle  formed
by the junction of the ascending with  the trans-
verse colon.  Its two laminas  are separated  by
colic arteries and veins.
   Epiploon, Gastro-Colic,  Great  Omentum,
 Omentum gastro-co'licum seu majus, Peritona'um
ditjilica'tum, Rete majus,  Zirbus adipi'nus, con-
sists of an extensive  duplicature,  which  is free
and floating on the folds of the intestines.  It is
quadrilateral, and longer on the left side than on
the right: — its  base  being  fixed, anteriorly, to
the great  curvature of the stomach:  and, poste-
riorly, to the arch of the  colon.  It is formed of
two laminae, each  consisting of two others.   In
this epiploon  a number of vessels is distributed,
and there  is much fat.
   Epiploon, Gastro-IIepatic, Lesser Omentum,
 Omentum hep'ato-gas'tricurn seu  minus, Membra'-
na macilerltior, is a duplicature of the peritoneum,
which  extends transversely from the  right side
of the  cardia to  the  corresponding extremity of
the fissure of  the liver, and downwards from this
fissure  to the lesser curvature of the stomach, tbe
pylorus and duodenum.  Below it is the foramen
or hiatus of Winslow; and  between its  laminae
are lodged the biliary and  hepatic vessels.  It
contains but little fat.  If air be blown in at the
foramen of Winslow, the canity or sac of the omen-
tum, Sac'cus Peritona'i retroventriciila'ris, Bursa
omenta'lis, will be rendered perceptible.
   Epiploon,  Gastro - Splenic,  Gastro -  Splenic
 Omentum,  Omentum Gastro-sple'nicnm.   A reflec-
tion of the peritoneum, which passes between tho
concave surface of the spleen and the stomach,
from the cardiac  orifice to near its great curva-
ture,  and which  lodges  the vasa  brevia and
splenic vessels between its laminae.
   EPIPLOSARCOM'PHALUS,  from epiploon,
vapl;,  aapKOs,  'flesh,'  and  opipaXos,  'the  navel.'
Umbilical  hernia, formed of indurated  omentum.
   EPIPLOSCHEOCE'LE, Epiplosehoce'/e,  from
epiploon, oaXcov, 'the scrotum,' and KnXi], 'tumour.'
Scrotal hernia, formed  by a displacement of the
epiploon.
   EPIPLOUM, Epiploon.
   EPIPNOIA, Afflatus.
   EPIPORO'MA, from emrtupoio, (cm. and  vwpoor,)
' I harden.' A tophaceous concretion which forms
in the joints.   The callus of fracture.
   EPIR'RHOE,  Epirrhce'a, from  cm, and peio,
'I flow.'  Afflux  or  congestion  of humours.—
Hippocrates.
   EPIRRHCEA,  Epirrhoe.
   EPISARCIDIUM, Anasarca.
   EPIS'CHESIS,  Retention;  from  tmaxor,  'I
restrain.'  A suppression of excretions.
   EPISCHETTCUS;   same  etymon.   Sistens,
Rep'rirnens, Co'hibens.  'Restraining.'  An agent
that diminishes—secretion, for example.
   EPISCHION, Abdomen, Pubes. Pubis os.
   EPISCOPALES VALVULE, Mitral valves.
   EPISEION, Pubis  (os), Vulva, Labium Pu-
dendi,  Tressoria.
   EPISEMA'SIA, from tmanpatvto, (cm, and arjpa,
'a sign,') 'I afford some sign.'  Sema'sia.   It has
been used synonymously with sign, and also with
tbe invasion of an attack of fever. See Annotatio.
  EPISIOCELE, see  Hernia, vulvar.
  EPISIC3DE'MA, from tmatiov, (modern.) 'the
labium  pudendi,'  and otinua, 'oedema.'  ffidema
of the labia pudendi.
  EPISIOITIS,  from tmatiov,  'the labium pu-
dendi,'  and itis,  denoting  'inflammation.'  In-
flammation of  the labia pudendi.
  EPTSION, Episeion.
  EPISION'CUS, Episiophy'ma, from tmatiov, 
EPISIOPHYMA
34 8
EPITHELIUM
(modern.) 'the labium pudendi,'  and  oyicoj,  'a
tumour.'  Tumor lab io'rum.   A swelling or tu-
mour of the labia pudendi.
  EPISIOPHYMA,  Episioncus.
  EPISIORRHAG"IA, from tmatiov,1 the labium
pudendi,' and payn,' rupture.'   Hemorrhage from
toe labia pudendi.
  EPISIOR'RHAPHY,  Episiorrhaph'ia,  from
emaciov, 'the labium pudendi,' 'the vulva,' and
papi), 'suture.'  An  operation practised in  cases
of prolapsus uteri, which consists in paring the
opposing surfaces of the  labia  pudendi, bringing
them together and uniting them by suture, so as
to diminish the outlet of the vulva.
  EPISPA'DIA;  Hyperspa'dia;  same etymon
as the next.  The condition of an Epispadias.
  EPISPA'DIAS,   Epispadia'us,  Anaspa'dias,
Anaspadia'us,  Hyperspa'dias,  Hyperspadia'us,
from em, 'above,'  and anait), 'I draw.'  The op-
posite to  Hypospadias.  One who has  a  preter-
natural opening of the urethra at the upper part
of the penis.
  E PIS PAS'TICS, Epispas'tica, Ves'icants,
Ilelc'tica, (F.) Epispastiques ; same etymon.  An
epithet for  every  medicinal  substance  which,
when applied to the skin, excites pain, heat, and
more or less redness, followed by separation  of
the epidermis, which is raised up by effused serum.
Cantharides  and  mustard are epispastics.  See
Blister, and Derivative.
  EPISPASTICUM, Blister.
  EPISPASTIQUES, Epispastics.
  EPISPASTUM, Catapasma.
  EPISPII.E'RIA,from cm,andatjratpa, 'asphere.'
Some physiologists have applied this term to the
different convolutions and sinuosities presented
by  the external surface of the brain.
  EPISPHAGISMOS, Signature.
  EPISPLENITIS, see  Splenitis.
  EPISTACTIS'CHESIS,  from epistaxis, and
taXeivf ' to restrain.'   Arrest of bleeding from the
nose.
  EPISTAPHYLINT, see Azygos Muscle.
  EPISTASIS, Insiden'tia, from cm, and  araor,
'I rest.'  A  substance which swims  at the sur-
face of urine.  It is opposed to the hypostasis or
sediment.   Epistasis  has  also been employed
synonymously with  suppression.
  EPISTAX'IS, from em, and orafa, T  flow drop
by   drop.'   Hamorrhag"ia  acti'va na'rium,  H.
nariilea seu na'rium, Epistax'is junio'rum seu
arterio'sa, Hamorrhin'ia,  Hamorhinorrhag"ia,
Hamatis' inns,  Choanorrhag" ia, Rhinorrhag"ia,
Stillicid'ium seu St ilia'tio Sang' uinis e nar'ibus,
Hem'orrhage from the pitu'itary membrane, Bleed-
ing  at the  nose,  Nosebleed, (F.)  Himorrhagie
nasale,  Saignement du nez, Hiinorrhinie.   This is
one of the most common  varieties of hemorrhage;
the  organization of  the  Schneiderian membrane
being favourable to it, as the blood-vessels are
but  slightly  supported.   It  does  not generally
flow from both  nostrils, and  is very apt to recur.
Puberty is the period at which it is most common.
Its   exciting  causes  are: — any thing  that will
induce local  congestions, as running, coughing,
blowing the  nose, Ac, provided there be a pre-
disposition to it.   A common case of epistaxis re-
quires but little treatment, especially if  in  a
young person.  Light diet and a dose or two  of
tbe  sulphate of magnesia will  be  sufficient.  In
more severe attacks, cold and  astringent washes
of alum, ftilphate of zinc, weak sulphuric acid,
or  creosote,  may  be used, and  the  nostrils  be
plugged anteriorly;  but  if the  bleeding goes on
posteriorly, the posterior nares must be plugged
likewise, — the  patient being kept with the head
raised.  The flow of blood has been arrested by
directing the patient to  stand up with  his  head'
elevated,  compressing the  nostril whence  the
blood flows with the finger,  raising the corre-
sponding arm perpendicularly, and holding  it in
this  position for about  two  minutes.   A  less
vigorous circulation through the carotids appears
to result  from  the increased force  required  to
carry on the circulation through  the upper ex-
tremities  when  raised. — Negrier.  To  prevent
the recurrence,  strict diet must be  inculcated.
  EPISTER'NAL, Epistema'/is,  from  rm,  and
arepvov,  ' the sternum.'   An epithet applied to two
bones which form part of the sternum, and are
situate upon its superior and lateral part.  In the
young subject, they are attached to the sternum
by a synovial membrane, and a fibrous  capsule.
They have somewhat the appearance of the  pisi-
form bones, but are of a greater size.
  According  to  Professor Owen,  the piece  of a
segment of an articulate animal, which  is imme-
diately above the middle inferior piece or sternum.
  EPISTHOT'ONOS,  from  emadcv,  'forwards.'
and rctvur, ' I extend.'  A spasm of the  muscles,
drawing the body forwards.   The word empros-
thotonos is more commonly employed.
  EPISTROPHE, Relapse.
  EPISTROPHEUS, Axis.
  EPISTROPHUS, Axis.
  EPISYNAN'CHE, (cm, and synanche or cynan-
che,) Episynangi'na.  A  Greek  word, used by a
modern writer  for spasm of the pharynx, by
which deglutition is prevented, and the solid and
liquid food driven back towards  the mouth or
nasal fossae.
  EPISYNTIIET'IC,  Episynthet'icus, from  tm-
o-vvriSripi, (cm, aw, and riQnpt,) ' to collect, accu-
mulate.'   The name of a medical sect, whose ob-
ject it was to reconcile the principles of the  Me-
thodists with those of the Empirics and Dogma-
tics.   Leonides of Alexandria seems to have been
one of the  first partisans of  this sectj of which
we know little.
  EPIT'ASIS, from em, and  retvetr, 'to  extend.'
The period of violence of a fever,  (Febris inten'-
sio,)  attack or paroxysm ; sometimes it is used in
the same sense as epistasis, for 'suppression.'
  EPITELIUM, Epithelium.
  EPITHE'LIAL,  Epithelia'lis;  same  etymon
as epithelium.  Appertaining or relating to the
epithelium,—as epithelial cells, and scales.
  Epithelial  Cancer,  Cancroid  of the skin,
Epithelio'ma, Carcino'ma epithelio'des, is  a morbid
growth of epithelial cells ; forming an epithelial
tumour, which,  by some, is  regarded  as carci-
noma.  See Cancroid.
  EPITHELIOMA, Epithelial cancer.
  EPITHE'LIUM, Epite'lium, Epithe'lis, Epi-
the'lia,  Endepiderm'is, from  cm,  and  SnXn, 'a
nipple.'  The  thin  layer  of  epidermis, which
covers parts  deprived of  derma, properly so
called, — as the nipple, mucous  membranes,  lips,
Ac.   Modern histological researches have shown
that it exists, in different forms, pavement, cylinder,
and  vibratile or ciliated epithelium.  Tesselated,
pavement, scaly, lamellar,  tu'bular, or fiatt'eiied
epithelium, Epithelium polyed'ricum, and E. la-
mello'sum, (F.) Epithilinmpavimentettx, covers the
serous and synovial  membranes,  the lining of
blood-vessels, and the mucous membranes, except
where cylinder  epithelium exists.  It is spread
over  the mouth, pharynx and  oesophagus,  con-
junctiva,  vagina,  and  entrance  of the  female
urethra.   Cylinder, Cohinlnar  or Prismat'ic epi-
thelium, Epithe'lium cylirldricum, (F.) Epithelium
cylindrique  is  found  in the  intestinal canal,
beyond the cardiac orifice of  the stomach; in tbe
larger ducts of the salivary glands ; in tho ductus
communis choledochus, prostate, Cowper's glands,
vesiculae seminales, vas deferens, tubuli  uriniferij 
EPITHEM
349
EQUIVOROUS
and urethra of the male; and lines  the urinary
passages of the  female,  from the orifice of  the
urethra to  the beginning of  the  tubuli uriniferi
of the kidneys.  In all these situations, it is con-
tinuous with tesselated epithelium,  which lines
the more  delicate ducts of the various glands.
For the uses of the  ciliated  epithelium, Epithe-
lium vibrans, see Cilia.
  Mr.  Bowman has applied the term spheroidal
to a variety of epithelium, the cells of which, for
the most part, retain their primitive roundness ;
or, being flattened where they touch,  acquire a
polyhedral figure. At times, these  show a  dis-
position to pass into  the columnar,  or the tesse-
lated variety;  and,  hence, this  form has been
called  tho transit"ional.   The spheroidal epithe-
lium is found in the urinary passages, where it
succeeds the columnar epithelium of the urethra
at the  internal orifice of  that canal, and lines the
whole  of the bladder,  ureters and pelves of the
kidneys.  It is found, also, in the excretory ducts
of  the mammary, perspiratory, and  of  many
mucous, glands; and a modification of it lines the
inmost secreting cavities or commencing ducts of
 glands generally.
   EPTTHEM, Epith'ema or Epithe'ma, from tm,
 and rtSript,' I put.'  This term is applied to every
 topical application,  which  cannot be  classed
 either under ointments or plasters.  Three sorts
 of epithems have been usually distinguished, —
 the liquid, dry, and  soft, which comprise  fomen-
 tations, bags filled with dry substances, and cata-
 plasms.
   EPITH'ESIS.  Same etymon.  The rectifica-
 tion of crooked limbs by means of instruments.
   EPITHYMTiE, from cm, and dvpos, 'desire.'
 Morbid desires or longings.
   EPITHYMTAMA, Fumigation.
   EPITHYMUM, Cuscuta epithymum —e.  Offi-
 oinarum, Cuscuta Europaea.
   EPITROCH'LEA, from cm, and  rpoXaXia, 'a
 pulley.'  (F.) Epitrochlie.  That which is situate
 above a pulley.   Chaussier gives this name to the
 unequal, round protuberance situate  on the inside
 of the inferior extremity of the humerus above its
 articular trochlea.  It is the part usually called
 the inner or lesser condyle of  the humerus.  From
 it  originate  several  muscles  of  the forearm, to
 which it has given part of their names, according
 to the system of Chaussier.
   EPITROCHLO-CARPI-PALM AIRE,  Pal-
 maris longus—i. Cubito-carpien, see  Cubital mus-
 cles—i. Mitacarpien, Paltnaris magnus—i. Pha-
 langinien  commun, Flexor sublimis  perforatus —
 i. Radial, Pronator  radii teres.
   EPIZO'A, (sing. Epizo'on), (F.) Epizo'dires, Ec-
 toparasites, from tm, and $wov,' an animal.'  Para-
 sitic animals, which infest the surface of the body,
 or the common  integument.
   EPIZOO'TIA, Epizooty, (F.) Epizoote.  Same
 etymon.   A disease  which reigns  amongst  ani-
 mals.  It corresponds, in the veterinary art, to
 epidemy in medicine.
   EPIZOOTTC, Epizoot'icus, same etymon.  Re-
 lating or  appertaining  to an epizooty, — as an
 'epizootic aphtha.'
   EP'OCHE, from tm,  and  tXur, 'to have or to
 hold.' Doubt, suspension ofjudgment—Suspen'sa
 senten'tia.   Sometimes  employed  in  the same
 sense as epischesis or suppression.
   EPOCHETEUSIS, Derivation.
   EPODE, Incantation.
   EPO'MIS. Superhumera'le, from cm, and tapos,
 'the shoulder.'   The acromion.  The  upper  part
 of the shoulder.—Hippocrates, Galen.
    EPOMPHALICUM, Epomphalium.
    EPOMPHALION.  Uterus.
    EPOMPHA'LIUM, Epomphalicum, from tm,
and  optjraXos, 'the navel.'   A  medicine,  which,
when placed upon the umbilicus, moves the belly.
—Paulus of jEgina.
  £PONGE, Spongia—i.  d'Eglantier; Bedegar.
  EPOQUES, Menses.
  EPOSTOMA, Exostosis.
  EXOSTOSIS, Exostosis.
  EPREINTES, Tenesmus.
  EPSEMA, Decoction.
  EPSESIS, Decoction, Elixatio.
  EPSOM,  MINERAL WATERS OF.   Epsom
is a town in Surrey, about 15 miles from London.
The  water is a simple saline ;—consisting chiefly
of sulphate  of magnesia, which has consequently
received the  name  of  Epsom salts,  though no
longer prepared from the Epsom water.
  EPUISE3IENT,  Exhaustion.
  EPU'LIS,  from  cm, and  ovXov,  'the gum.'
 Odon'tia excres'cens, Sarco'ma epu'lis, Ulon'cus,
Excrescen'tia gingiva.   (F.) Epulide,  Epulie.
An excrescence on the gum, sometimes ending in
cancer.
  EPULOSIS, Cicatrization.
  EPULOTICA, Cicatrisantia.
  EPURGE, Euphorbia lathyris.
  EQUAL,  JEqua'lis.  An epithet applied parti-
cularly to the pulse and to respiration. The pulse
and  respiration are  equal, when  the  pulsations
and  inspirations which succeed each other are
alike in every respect.
  EQUILIBRIUM, from  aquus, 'equal,' and
librare, ' to weigh.'   In medicine, this  word is
sometimes used to designate that state of organs,
fluids and forces, which constitutes health.
  EQUINA CAUDA, see Cauda Equina.
  EQUI'NIA, from  equinus, 'belonging to  a
horse.'  Glanders, (F.) 3Iorve.  A dangerous con-
 tagious disorder, accompanied by a pustular erup-
 tion, which  arises from inoculation with certain
 diseased fluids generated in the horse, the ass and
 the mule.   Two forms  are met with,— E. mitis,
 contracted from horses affected with  grease, and
 E. glanelulo'sa, a dangerous and commonly fatal
 disease communicated to man, either in the acute
 or chronic form, from the glandered horse.  Tho
 veterinary  surgeons make  two varieties of tbe
 disease in the horse—Glanders, Ma'lia,  3lalias'-
 mus, Ma'Ue, 3falis, 3Ialleus .- and Farcy glanders,
 Farcino'ma, Farclmen, 3faliens  farcimr'no'sits,
 3Torbus farcimino'sus, Cachex'ia lymphalica fiar-
 cirnino'sa, (F.) 3lorve farcineuse,  Farcin; — the
 former affecting the  pituitary membrane and oc-
 casioning a profuse  discharge from the  nostrils,
 with pustular eruptions or small tumours, which
 soon suppurate and  ulcerate, being attended by
 symptoms of malignant fever and by gangrene
 of  various  parts: — the latter being the  same
 disease, but appearing in  the shape of small
 tumours about the legs, lips, face, neck, Ac. of the
 horse;  sometimes very painful, suppurating and
 degenerating into foul ulcers.  They are  often
 seen together.
   The mild cases require little treatment but rest;
 the more severe generally resist all remedies.
   EQUISETUM ARVENSE, Ac, see Hippuris
 vulgaris—e. Minus,  Hippuris  vulgaris.
   EQUITATION, Equita'tio, Hippela, Hippa'-
 sia,  Hippeu'sis, from equitare, equitatum,  ' to ride
 on horseback.'  Horseback  exercise.   A  kind of
 exercise,  advisable  in  many diseases, although
 improper in others — in uterine affections, for in-
 stance.  It   has been  much  recommended  in
 phthisis pulmonalis.  It  is  less fatiguing  than
 walking, and consequently more available in dis-
 ease.  But  to prevent disease, where much  exer-
 cise is required, the  latter is preferable.
   EQUIV'OROUS,  Equiv'orus, Hippoph'agous, 
EQUIVOCAL               350              ERGOTINE
from  equus,  'a  horse,' and voro, 'I  devour.'
Feeding or subsisting on horseflesh.
  EQUIVOCAL, Eqniv'ocus,from aquus, 'equal,'
and vox, vocis, 'voice.'  Those symptoms are oc-
casionally so denominated which belong to seve-
ral diseases.   Generation is said  by some  to be
' equivocal,' when it is, or seems to be, spontaneous.
See Generation.
  EQUUS, Hippus.
  ERABLE, Acer saccharinum.
  ERADICATION,  Eradica'tio, from e, 'from,'
and radix, radicis, 'a root.'   The act of rooting
out,  or completely removing a disease.
   ERAD'ICATIVE, Eradlcans:  same etymon.
Any thing possessed of the power of completely
rooting out a disease.               v
   ERAILLEMENT DES  PAUP1ERES, Ec-
 tropion.
   ERCLE, Blister.
   EREBINTHUS, Acer arietinum.
   ERECTEUR DU PENIS, Ischio-cavernosus.
   ERECHTHITES  HIERACIFO'LIA, Sene'cio
 hieracifo'lius,  Fireweed.   An  indigenous plant,
 Order Compositae,  which flowers from July  to
 September.  It is  said to be an acrid tonic, and
 astringent, and in large doses emetic.
   ERECTILE TISSUE, Tela seu Textus erec'-
 tilis, from erigere,  erectum, (e, and rigere,) 'to
 erect,' ' to become erect.'   A tissue, whose prin-
 cipal character is, to be susceptible of dilatation,
 i. e. of turgescence  and increase  of size.  It is
 formed of a collection of arteries and veins, in-
 termixed with  nervous filaments; which form,
 by their  numerous anastomoses, a spongy sub-
 stance,  whose  areolae communicate with  each
 other.  Smooth  muscular  fibres  have been  de-
 tected in it.   This tissue  exists  in the corpora
 cavernosa of the  penis and clitoris, at the lower
 and  inner surface of the vagina,  in  the spongy
 part of the urethra, the  lips,  nipples, iris, Ac.
 Sometimes it is developed accidentally, and con-
 stitutes a kind of organic transformation.
   ERECTION, Erec'tio,  Arr-ec'tio; same ety-
 mon.  The state .of a part, in which, from having
 been soft, it becomes stiff, hard, and swollen  by
 the accumulation  of blood in  the areolae of  its
 tissue, as in tbe case of the penis—Styma, Stysis.
   ERECTOR CLITORIDIS,  Ischio-cavernosus
 —e. Penis, Ischio-cavernosus.
   EREMACAU'SIS,  (F.)  Erimacausie,  from
 cpvpos, 'waste,' and Kavais, 'combustion.'  A term
 applied by Liebig to the slow combustion, oxida-
 tion, or decay of organic matters in the air.
   EREMIA, Acinesia.
   ERESIPELE, Erysipelas.
   ERETHILYTICUM   H.EMATOLYTICUM,
 Spanasmic.
   ER'ETHISM, Erethis'mus, Erethis'ia, Irrita-
 merltum, Irrita'tio,  (F.) Erithisme, from  cpc§i$ut,
 ' I  irritate.'  Irritation.   Augmentation  of the
 vital phenomena in  any organ or tissue.  Orgasm.
 Under this  name, Mr. Pearson has  described a
 state of the constitution  produced  by mercury
 acting on it as a poison.   He calls it 3Iercu'rial
 Er'ethism or Erethis'mus.   It is characterized by
 great depression of strength;  anxiety about the
 praecordia;  irregular  action of  the heart;  fre-
 quent sighing; tremors; small, quick, sometimes
 intermitting pulse;  occasional vomiting; pale,
 contracted countenance, and sense of coldness;
 but the tongue is seldom furred, nor are the vital
 and natural functions much disturbed.   In this
 state any sudden exertion  may prove fatal.
    ERETHISMA, Rubefacient.
    ERETHISMUS,Erethism, Irritation—e.Ebrio-
 sorum, Delirium tremens — e. Hydrophobia, Hy-
 drophobia—e. Oneirodynia, Incubus, Paroniria—
 e. Simplex, Fidgets.
  ERETIIISTICUS, Erethiticus, Rubefacient.
  ERETHIT'IC, Eiethit'icus, Erethis'ticus.  Be-
longing or  relating to erethism—as  "erethitio
phenomena," or phenomena of irritation.
  ERETISME, Erethism.
  EREUGMOS, Eructation.
  EREUXIS, Eructation, Flatulence.
  ERGASMA, Myrrha.
  ERGASTERION SPIRITUS, Pulmo.
  ERGASTERIUM,  Laboratory.
  ERGOT, (F.) Ergot, 'a spur.' Er'gota, Seea'li
cornu'tum seu mater'num seu tur'gidum seu temu-
lent'um seu luxu'rians seu clava'turn, Clavus seeu-
li'nus  seu seca'lis  seu Silig"iuis,  Spermoe'iliu
clavus, Slater seca'lis, Ca/car, Seca'lis mater, Is-
tila'go, Frumen'fum cornu'tum seu cornicula'turn
seu  luxu'rians  seu tur'gidum seu  temulen'tum,
Brizoc'eras {?], 3Ielanophy'ma, Spurred or Horned
Rye,  Spur,  Hornseed, Cockspur Rye, Cockspnr,
(F.) Seigle  ergoti  ou  cornu ou corrompu ou il
Eperon OU Ergotisi, Bli cornu, Ergot ou clou ou
mere  de  seigle,  Bled  avorte ou farouche,  Faux
seigle.  Ergot is generally  considered to be the
result of  a  disease in rye, occurring most fre-
quently when  a hot  summer succeeds  a  rainy
spring.  Decandolle,  however,  regards  it as a
parasitic fungus, and  calls it Sclero'tium clavus;
whilst LeveillS esteems it to be a fungus giving
a coating to the diseased  grain; the medical vir-
tues  residing  in  the coating.  This  parasitic
fungus he calls Sphace'lia seg"etum.   More  re-
cently, it  has been maintained, that it is a dis-
eased state of the grain occasioned by the growth
of a fungus  not previously detected,  to which the
names Ergota'tia abortans seu abortifa'ciens, O'i-
dium abortifa'ciens, Ergot-mould, have been given.
It is found  projecting from among  the leaves of
the  spike or ear, and is  a long, crooked excres-
cence, resembling the spur of a cock, pointed at
its  extremities, of a dark brown colour externally,
and white within.
  This substance has been long used in Germany
to act on  the uterus, as its  names Mutterkorn
and Gebarpulver  ('womb-grain,' pubis par-
turiens, pulvis ad partum) testify.  Upwards of
forty  years  ago,  it  was  recommended in this
country, by Dr. John  Stearns, of Saratoga County,
New York, for accelerating parturition; and since
that period,  numerous  testimonials have been
offered in  its favour.  Half  a drachm of  the
powder is gently boiled  in half a pint of water,
and one-third part given every 20 minutes, until
proper pains begin.  Some recommend  the clear
watery infusion ; others advise the powder; others
the oil;  and others the wine.  It is  obvious that,
in  many cases, the uterine efforts would return in
 the period which would necessarily elapse in tho
 administration  of  ergot;  so that several  of the
 cases, at  least, of reputed efficacy, may not have
 been dependent upon the assigned agent.  Ergot
 also possesses, it  is  affirmed, narcotic virtues,
 which have  rendered it useful in  hemorrhagic
 and other affections of excitement.
   Bread, made of spurred rye, has been attended
 with the  effects described under Ergotism.
   ERGOT, Hippocampus minor — e.  de  Seigle,
 Ergot.
   ERGOT-MOULD, see Ergot.
   ERG OTA, Ergot.
   ERGOT^ETIA  ABORTANS,  see Ergot —e.
 Abortifaciens, see  Ergot.
   ER'GOTIN, Extrac'titm Er'gota,  Extract of
 Ergot, (F.) Ergotine, Extrait  himostatique de
 Bonjean.   The extract  of ergot has  been found
 an excellent hemastatic in the dose of two grains
 several times a day.   It  has also been used ex-
 ternally.
   ERGOTINE, Ergotin. 
ERGOTISM
351
ERUPTION
  ER'GOTISM, Ergotis'mus, from ergota, 'ergot.'
Morbus cerea'lis.  Poisoning by ergot.  An affec-
tion  produced by  the  use of spurred rye.  At
times,  the symptoms  are  limited  to  vertigo,
Bpasras, and convulsions.   See Convulsio cerealis.
Most commonly, there is  torpor with numbness [
of the .hands and  feet, which waste away, lose
sensation and the power of motion, and separate
from  the  body by dry gangrene,—Ergotis'mus
Sphacelo'sus, Sphac"elits cerea'lis, A'ecro'sis ce-
rea'lis,  Gangra'na nstilagin'ea,  Necrosis ustila-
gin'ea, Ergot or Mildew mortification,  (F.) Ergo-
tisme gangriueux, Gangrene ties Solonois, Mai de
Sologne.
  ERGOTISME CONVULSIVE, Convulsio ce-
realis.
  ERGOTISMUS,  Ergotism —e. Spasmodicus,
Convulsio cerealis — e. Sphacelosus, Ergotism.
  ERI'CA VULGA'RIS,  Ca/tu'na vulga'ris seu
Erica, Common Heath, (Sc.) Heather, (F.) Bruyere
vulgaire.  This has been regarded as diuretic and
diaphoretic.
  ERIGERON AMBIGUUM, E. Philadelphicum
—e. Annuum, see E. Canadense.
  ERIG"ERON  BELLIDIFO'LIIIM,  Robin's
 plantain, Rosy Betty, (npiyepwv,  from np, 'spring,'
and yepwv, 'an old  man;' owing to the hoary]
appearance of some of the vernal species.)  An
indigenous plant of the Composite family ; flower-
ing in May.  It is said to  possess properties like
those of E. Philadelphicum.
   Erigeron  Canaden'se,   Can'ada  Fleabane,
Prideweed, Horseweed, Butterweed, is considered
to be allied in properties to  E. Philadelphicum;and
the same may be said of Erigeron Heterophyl'lum.
E.  annuum,  Sweet  Sca'bious or various-leaved
Fleabane; all of which are in the secondary list
of the Pharmacopoeia of the  United States.
   Erigeron  Hkterophyllum,  see E. Canadense
—e. Integrifoliura, E. Philadelphicum.
   Erig"eron  Philadel'phicum,  E.  strigo'sum
sen  rimbitfiium seu integrifo'liuin, Scabious, Ske-
visch, Philadelphia or Skevisch or Narrow-leaved
 Flca-Bane, Daisy, Coc.ash, Frostweed. Fieldrreed,
 Squaw-weed,  (F.)  Vergerette  de Philadelphie.
 The plant has been used in decoction or infusion
for gouty and  gravelly complaints, and is said
 to operate powerfully as a diuretic and sudorific.
 The essential oil has been given in uterine he-
morrhage.  Dose, five drops.
   Erigeron Strigosum, E. Philadelphicum.
   ERIGERUM, Senecio.
   ERIGXE, Hook.
  llRIXE, Hook.
   ERIOCEPH'ALUS UMBELLULA'TUS, Wild
Rose'inary.  A South African shrub, Ord. Com-
positae, which is diuretic, and used by the farmers
and Hottentots in various  forms of dropsy.
  ERIOSPERM'UM LATIFO'LIUM.  A South
 African plant,  the  tuber  of  which is  muculent,
and used  externally in abrasions of the skin, and
in superficial ulcers.  It is also employed by the
 Mohammedans, in decoction, in amenorrhcea.
   ERIX, eptl-.  This word signifies, in Galen, the
upper part of the liver.
   ERODENS, Caustic.
   ERODIUM  MOSCHATUM,  Geranium  mos-
 chutum.
   EROMAXTA, Erotomania,
   ERON'OSl'S, Eronu'sos, from tip, 'spring,' and
voffof or vovoos, 'disease.'   A disease which ap- !
pears chioflv in spring.
   EROS. Love.                                I
  EROSIO, Corrosion — e. et Perforatio sponta-
nea Ventriculi, Gastromalacia,                  I
   ERO'SION,  Ero'sio,  Diabro'sis, Anabro'sis,
 Corro'sion, from erodere, erosum, (e, and  rodere,)
'to eat away.'  The action  of a corrosive  sub-
stance, or the gradual  destruction of a part by a
substance of that  kind.   It is often employed in
the same sense as ulceration,—ejrontaneous erosion.
  Erosion, Gangrenous, op the Cheek, Cancer
aquaticus.
  EROT'IC, Ero'ticus, from tpurs, tpiaros, 'love.'
That which is  produced by love—as Erotic me-
lancholy, E. delirium,  Ac.
  EROTICOMANIA,  Erotomania.
  EROTION, Melissa,
  EROTOMA'NIA, Eroma'nia, Ma'nia  erolica,
from tpurs, cporros,  'love,' and pavtu, 'mania.'  A
species of mental alienation caused by love.  Ero-
tic melancholy is Love  melancholy.  Some authors
write it Erolico-mania.   Also, Nymphomania.
  ERPES, Herpes.
  ERRABUNDUS, Planetes.
  ERRAT'IC, Errat'icus, Atac'tos, At'ypos ; from
errare, erratum, 'to err.'   Wundering, irregular.
That which  disappears  and  recurs at irregular
intervals.  This name is given to  intermittents,
Febres errat'ica, which  observe  no type.   Most
commonly, it is applied to pains or to  any dis-
eased  manifestations  which  are not  fixed, but
move from qne part to another, as in gout, rheu-
matism,  erysipelas, Ac.
  ERREUR DE  LIEU, Error loci.
  ER'RHINE, Errhlnum or Er'rhinum, Sternu-
tato'rium,  Ster'nutalori/, I'tar'niicum,  Ajrophlcg-
malisans per nares, Xasa'/e, from  cv, -in,' and
piv,  'the nose.' A remedy whose action is ex-
erted on the Schneiderian membrane,  exciting
'sneezing and increased discharge. Errhines have
been mainly used  as  local  stimulants  in  head
affections.   The chief are: Asari Folia,  Euphor-
biae gummi-resina,  Hydrargyri  sulphas flavus,
Tabacum, and Veratrum album.
  ERRHINUM, Sternutatory.
  ER'RHYSIS, from  tv, 'in,' and  pcta, 'I flow.'
With some, a draining of blood.  A trifling he-
morrhage.
  ERROR  LOCI, Apoplane'sis,  (F.J  Errenr de
Lieu.  A term, frequently used  by Boerhaave to
express deviation of fluids, when they enter ves-
sels not destined for them.  Boerhaave admitted
several orders  of capillary vessels, the diameters
of  which went on decreasing.  The largest re-
ceived red blood, those which  came next re-
ceived only white, others only lymph, whilst the
last of all were destined for yet more subtle fluids
—for a kind of vapour.   When the red  globules
entered  vessels destined  for the white, or the
white those intended for the thinner fluids, there
was, according to the theory of Boerhaave,  an
error loci, the proximate  cause of inflammation
and other mischiefs.   See Aberration.
  ERUCA, Brassica eruca, Sinapis—e. Barbarea,
Erysimum barbarea—e. Fostida, Brassica eruca—
e. Sativa, Brassica eruca.
  ERUCTATION, Ructa'tio, Ereug'mns, Er'yge,
Eructa' tio,  Ructus,  Rncta' men,  Ritetua1 tio,
Ereux'is, Restagna'tio, (Old. Eng.)  Bo/ke, Bouffe,
Belke,  (Sc.) Backing, Bokking, Rucking,  Rift,
(Prov.) Kelking, Rasping, Rasping, Riving, Ruft
(N.  of England) ; from  eructate, eructa'tiim,  (e,
and ructare,  'to  belch.')  Belching, (F.)  Rot,
Rapport.  A sonorous emission, by the  mouth,
of flatus  proceeding from the stomach.  AVhen so
frequent as to occasion a diseased condition, this
is termed Ructuo'sitas, Morbus ructuo'sus.
  ERUGATORIA, Tetanothra.
  ERUGINEUX, iEruginous.
  ERUPTIO,  Eruption—e. Exanthematis,  Epa-
nastasis—e. Sanguinis. Hoemorrhagia.
  ERUPTION, Erup'tio,  from erumpere, erup-
tum, (e,  and rumpere,) 'to issue with violence,'
'to  break out,'  This word has several meanings.
1. The sudden and copious evacuation of any fluid
from a canal or cavity—of serum, blood, pus, Ac, 
E R UP TION A N 0 MA L E
3 5'2
ERYTHEMA
for  example;  2.  The breaking out of an exan-
them ;   and,  3. the  exanthem  itself,  whether
simply  in  the  form of  a rash,  or of pustules,
vesicles, kc.
  ERUPTION AN031 ALE,  Roseolas — e. Ro-
sace, Roseolas—e. Violet, Ionthus.
  ERUPTIVE,  Eruptlvus.   Same  etymon  as
Eruption.  That which is accompanied by an erup-
tion.  Thus small-pox, measles, scarlet fever, mili-
aria, <tc. are eruptive fevers. The term eruptive dis-
ease is nearly synonymous with cutaneous disease.
  ERVA DE SANCTA MARIA, Arum Dracun-
culus—e. do Roto, Palicourea Marcgraavii.
  ERVALENTA, see Ervum.
  ERVUM, E. Ervilia,  E. plica'tum, Vic"ia er-
vilia,  Or'obus, (F.) Lentille Ers ou Orobe.   In
times  of  scarcity, the seeds have been made into
bread, but it is said not to be wholesome.  The
meal was once  much used in poultices: it was for-
merly called Orob'ion,  opofitov.   Under the name
Ervalent'a, a secret dietetic preparation  has  been
introduced.  It  is a vegetable  powder,  which,
when mixed with milk  and soup  and taken night
and morning,  is  said to have succeeded in remo-
ving old and  obstinate  obstructions !   Buchner
thinks it is bean-meal,  Ditterich, the meal of the
seed of Ervum Ervilia.—Aschenbrenner.
   A specimen of Warton's Ervalenta, obtained at
the depot, and  analyzed by Dr. Hassall, was found
to  contain a mixture of  the French and German
lentil, reduced to powder, including portions  of
the shells  or  husks,  and  of a substance  very
closely resembling, in its microscopic characters,
corn meal.  A  sample  of Du Barry's Revalerlta
Arab'ica was found to consist of a mixture of the
Egyptian or Arabian lentil and barley meal.
   Ervum Ervilia, Ervum.
   Ervum Lens, Cicer Lens,Lensescttlerlta,Phacos,
the Lentil, (F.) Lentille.  The seed, Phace, Pha'-
 cea, Phacus, is eaten in  many places like peas:
they are flatulent and difficult of digestion.
   Ervum Plicatum, Ervum.
   ERYGE, Eructation.
   ERYNGIUM, Rpvyyiov, Upvyyos, see E. Aquat-
 icum.
   Eryn'gium AQVA.T'icuyi,E.yuccafo'linm, Water
 Eryn'go, Button Snake Root. Order, Umbelliferae.
 This root, Eryn'gium, (Ph. U. S.,) is nearly allied
 to  the contrayerva of  the  shops, and acts  more
 especially as a sudorific.  It is  a  secondary article
 in  the  Pharm. U. S.
   Eryngium  Campes'tre.  E.  vulga're,  Centum
 Cap'ita,  Lyrin'gium, Aster inquina'lis,  Capit'il-
 ium 3Iartis, Acus Ven'eris, (F.)  Panicaut, Char-
 don-Roland, is sometimes used for E. maritimum.
    Eryngium  Fcetidum;  indigenous,  is said  to
 possess properties like  those of valerian and con-
 trayerva.
   Eryngium Marit'imum seu Mari'num.  The
 Sea Holly or Eryngo, JEthe'rea  Herba, (F.) Pa-
 nicaut 3laritime.  Eryngo root has a slightly aro-
 matic odour, and sweetish and warm taste.  It is
 considered to be diuretic and expectorant, but its
 powers are so  weak, that it is scarcely ever used.
   Eryngium Vulgare, E. Campestre—e. Yuccas-
 folium, E. aquaticum.
   ERYNGO,  SEA,  Eryngium  maritimum — e.
 Water, Eryngium aquaticum.
    ERYSTMUM, E. officinale,  from  tpvor,  'to
 draw,' from its power of raising  blisters.  Sisym'-
 brium  ofilcina'le, Chama'plion.   Hedge-mustard,
 (F.) Vi/ar, Tortelle, Herbe aux Chantres.  This
 was, formerly, much used for its expectorant, and
 diuretic  qualities.  The seeds  greatly resemble
 mustard.
    Erysimum Alliaria, Alliaria.
    Erysimum  Barbare'a,  E.  lyra'tum,  Ar'abis
 barbare'a. Sisymbrium  barbare'a, Eru'ca barba-
 re'a, Barbare'a, B. atrie'ta, (F.) Herbe  de Sainte
Barbe, has been ranked  amongst the antiscor-
butic plants.   See Alliaria.
  Erysimum  Cordifolium, Alliaria—e. Lyratum,
E. barbarea.
  ERYSIPELA'CEA. Same etymon as the next.
A family of eruptive diseases, comprising erysi-
pelas, variola, rubeola, and scarlatina.
  ERYSIP'ELAS, from tpvur, ' I draw  in,' and
ncXas, ' near,' from its tendency to spread. Febris
erysipelato'stt seu  erysipela'cea,  Erythrup't/rn,
Em'phlysis Erysip'elas, St. Authoni/'s fire, Wild-
fire, Ignis Sancti  Anto'irii  seu  Coin melia  sen
Sacer,  Hieropyr,  lctcril'ia  rubra,  Rose, Rnbm
ieteril'ia,  Vieinitra'ha, Yicinitrac'tns,  Brtirrus,
Lugdus,  (F.)  Erysipile, ISrisipele,  Fen  St. An.
toine, Feu sacri, 31 al Saint Antoine,  A disease,
so called because it generally extends gradually
to the neighbouring parts.  Superficial inflamma-
tion of the skin, with general fever, tension and
swelling of the part; pain  and heat more or less
acrid;  redness diffused, but more or less circum-
scribed, and  disappearing when pressed  upon by
the finger, but returning as soon as the  pressure
is removed.   Frequently,  small vesicles appear
upon the inflamed part, which dry up  and  fall
off, under the form of branny scales.  Erysipelas
is, generally, an acute affection : its medium du-
ration  being  from 10 to 1-1 days.   It yields, com-
monly, to general refrigerant remedies.   Topical
applications  are rarely serviceable.  At  times,
when the disease approaches the   phlegmonous
character, copious bleeding and other evacuanta
may be required, as in  many cases  of erysipelas
of the face;  but this is not commonly necessary.
In most cases, indeed, the general  action seems
deficient, and it becomes necessary to give tonics.
   When erysipelas is of a highly inflammatory
character, and invades the  parts beneath, it is
termed Erysip'elas phlegmono'des, (F.) Erysiplle
phlegmoncux: when accompanied  with phlyc-
tenas, and the inflammation  terminates in gan-
grene, Erysip'elas gangrano'sum,  (F.) Erysiplle
gangrineux; and when  associated with  infiltra-
tion of serum, Erysip'elas cedamato'sum, (F.)Ery-
sipile cedamateux.
   At times, the surface in erysipelas has a bronzed
rather than a red hue—bronzed erysipelas.
   Erysipelas, Bronzed, see Erysipelas—c. Gan-
grasnosum, see Erysipelas—e. OMematosum,  see
Erysipelas—e. Phlegmonodes, see Erysipelas—e.
Periodica nervosa  chronica, Pellagra—e. Phlyc-
tenoides,  Herpes  zoster — e. Pustulosa,  Herpes
zoster—e. Zoster, Herpes zoster.
   ERYSIPELATODES, Erysipelatous.
   ERYSIPEL'ATOUS, Erysipelato'des, Eryti-
pelato'sus.  Belonging to erysipelas;  as  an ery-
sipelatous affection.
   Erysipelatous  Inflammation.  Inflamm'atio
erysipelato'sa, Epiphlogis'ma, Cutltis, Dermati-
tis, is the character of inflammation  which distin-
guishes erysipelas, Erythe'ma erysipelutir'snm.
   ERYSTPELE,  Erysipelas —e\ Ambulant, tee
Ambulant — i.  Gangrineux, see  Erysipelas—L
(Edemateux, see Erysipelas—i. Phlegmoneux, seo
Erysipelas — i.  Serpigineux, see Serpiginous — £•
Pustuleux, Herpes zoster.
   ERYSOS, Erythema.
   ERYTHE'MA, from cpvOpatos, cpvOpos, 'red, rose-
coloured,' epvOaivoi, 'toredden.' Inflammatory blunh,
Erythre'ma,  (F.) Erytheme.   This name  is. some-
times, given to erysipelas, especially when of alocal
character. It is, also, applied to the morbid redne?3
on the cheeks of the hectic, and on the skin cover-
ing bubo, phlegmon, Ac. It forms the 6th genus of
the 3d order, Exanthemata, of Bateman's classi-
fication of cutaneous diseases; and is defined, 'a
nearly continuous redness of some portion of tho
skin, attended with disorder  of the constitution, 
ERYTHEMATOUS           353               ESOTERIC
but not contagious.' Many varieties are described
by dermatologists, — for example, E. intertrigo,
E- fugnx, E. jiujmla'tuin, E.  tubercula'turn,  E.
nodo'siim,  E. lecce, E. centrif'ugum, E. margina'-
tum,  and E.  acrodyrlia.
  Erythema Acrodynia, Acrodynum — e. Am-
bustio, Burn—e. Anthrax, Anthrax.
  Ervi-he'ma Centrif'ugum.  A variety of ery-
thema attacking the  face, commencing with  a
small red  spot, and  spreading around, so as, at
times, to affect the  whole face.
  Erythema Endemicum,  Pellagra — e. a Fri-
gore, Chilblain.
  Erythe'ma  Fugax.   Patches of  erythema,
that sometimes  appear on the body in febrile dis-
eases, teething  children, Ac, and which are  of
brief duration.
  Erythema Gangrenosum, Anthrax—e. Icho-
rosum, Eczema mercuriale—e. Intertrigo, Chafing.
  Erythe'ma L/eve, (F.) Erythime liger. Slight
erythema  affecting the skin,  as in oedema.
  Erythe'ma Marginatum, (F.) Erythime mar-
ginal.  A form in  which the prominent patches
of erythema are  distinctly separated from the
 skin at  their margins.
   Erythema Mercuriale, Eczema mercuriale.
   Erythe'ma Nodo'rum, (F.)  Erytheme noueux.
 A more severe form of Erythema tuberculatum.
   Erythe'ma Papula'tum,  (F.)  Erytheme papu-
 leux. Patches of erythema, which are at first pa-
 pulated, appearing on the face, neck, breast, Ac,
 of females, and young persons more especially.
   Erythema Pellagrum, Pellagra — e. Pernio,
 Chilblain.
   Erythe'ma Sola're.  A  name  given  by the
 Italians to Pellagra, owing to  its being attended
 with an eruption of small red spots or patches on
 the  parts that are exposed to the sun.
   Erythe'ma Tuberculatum, E. tuberculo'sum,
 (F.) Erytheme tuberculeux.   A form of erythema
 in which the patches are in small lumps.
   ERYTHEMATOUS, Erythemat'ic, Erythema-
 to'sus,  Erythemalicus, (F.)  Erythimateux.  Ap-
 pertaining or relating to Erythema.
   F11YTHE3IE,  Erythema— i. Liger, Erythe-
 ma lasve—i. 3Iarginal, Erythema marginatum—
 t.  Noueux,  Erythema nodosum—i.  Papulcux,
 Erythema papulatum—i. Tuberculeux, Erythema
 tuberculatum.
   ERYTHREA CENTAURIUM. Chironia cen-
 taurium — e. Chilensis,  Canchalagua, Chironia
 Chilensis.
   ERYTHREMIA, Plethora.
   ERYTHRAX'TIIE,  Angi'na  erysipelato'sa,
 from cpvdpos, 'red.' and ayXw, 'I suffocate.'  Ery-
 sipelatous or erythematous sore throat.
   ERYTIIREMA, Erythema.
   ERYTHRIXA MONOSPERMA,  Butea fron-
 dosa.
   ERYTnROCIKERAS, Cynanche parotidasa.
   ERYTHRODANUM. Ru'bia.
   E R' Y TIIR 01D,  Erythr-o'des, Erythroi'des.
 Reddish.
   Erytiiroid Coat, Tu'nica  erythro'des.  Vagi-
 nal coat of the testis.
   Er'ythroid Ves'icle, Vcsic'ula ErythroVdea.
 A vesicle of the foetus described by Pockels and
 Others.  It is pyriform, and much  longer than,
 although of the same breadth  as, the umbilical
 vesicle.  Velpeau, Weber,  and  others, doubt its
 being a physiological condition.
   ERYTHROXIUM. E. Americanum.
  Ervthro'nium America'num,  E.  fiavum seu
dent can is seu lanceola'tum seu longifo'Hum, Com-
mon Erythm'niurn,  (from tpvBpos,  'red,'  which
does not, however, apply to the American species,)
 IcWoir Snake-leaf,  Yellow Adder's tongue, Adde'r-
teaf, Dog violet, Dog's tooth violet,  Rattlesnake I
 violet,  Lamb's tongue,  Scrofula  root.  Yellow
 Snowdrop.  Ord.  Liliaceas.  This  plant is pos-
 sessed of emetic properties, but is rarely, if ever,
 used.   The root and  herb, Erythro'ni urn,  (Ph.
 U. S.,)  are in the  secondary list of the  Pharma-
 copoeia of the United States.
   Erythronium Dens Canis, E. Americanum —
 e. Fiavum, E. Americanum—e. Lanceolatum, E.
 Americanum—e. Longifblium, E. Americanum.
   ERYTHROPHLEUM  JUDICIALE,  Sassy-
 bark tree.
   ERYTHROPYRA, Erysipelas.
   ERYTHRORRHIZA ROTUNDIFOLIA, Ga-
 lax aphylla.
   ERYTHROSIS, Plethora,
   ES'APHE, from taaiputa, (tio, anda0aw, T feel,')
 'I feel  inside,' (F.) Le Toucher, Le Toucher vagi-
 nal.  The introduction of a finger  or fingers into
 the vagina, for the purpose  of examining the
 condition of the uterus.  It is employed to verify
 the existence  or non-existence of pregnancy and
 its different stages ; to detect certain affections or
 faults of conformation in  the genital organs and
 pelvis ; and, during the process of accouchement,
 to examine into the progress of labour, Ac.
   ESCA, Aliment.
   ESCARA, Eschar.
   ESCARGOT, Helix pomatia, Limax.
   ESCHALOTTE, Echalotte.
   ESCHAR, Es'chara, eaXapa, (Old Eng.) Asker;
 a slough, a crust  or scab.  The crust or  disor-
 ganized portion, arising from the mortification of
 a part, and  which is distinguishable from  the
 living parts by its colour, consistence, and other
 physical  properties.  The  inflammation which it
 excites in the contiguous parts, gives occasion to
 a secretion of pus between the  living and dead
 parts, which ultimately completely separates the
 latter.
   ESCHARA, Vulva.
   ESCIIAROT'IC, Escharot'icum,  from  caXapa,
 'eschar.'  Any substance,  which,  when  applied
 upon a living part, gives rise  to an eschar, such
 as caustic jrotassa:  the   concentrated  mineral
 acids, Ac.
   Escharotic Poison, see Poison.
   ESC1IELL0IIE, MINERAL WATERS  OF.
 This water rises at the foot of a mountain near
 the convent of Etal in  Bavaria. It  is a sulphuro-
 saline.
   ESCHID'NA OCELLATA. A very poisonous
 viper, which  inhabits the sugar-cane fields of
 Peru.   Its bite is almost instantaneously fatal.
   ESCORZOXERA, Scorzonera.
   ESCREY/SSE, Crab.
   ESCULAPIAN, Medical.
   ES'CULENT,  Esculen'tus,  Edible,  Eat'able,
 Ciba'rious, from  esca, 'food.'  (F.) Comestible.
 Such plants or such parts of plants or animals as
 may be eaten  for food.
   ESERE, Ordeal nut.
   ESKIN, Singultus.
   ESO, cau>, 'within.'  A  prefix which  signifies
 an affection of an internal  part;  as Esoenteri'ti*,
 inflammation of the inner membrane of the intes-
 tines:— Esogastri'tis, inflammation  of the inner
 membrane of the stomach, &c.
   ESOCHAS,  Esoche.
   ES'OCHE, Es'ochas.  A tumour—as a hemor-
 rhoid—within  the anus.
  ESOCOLITIS, Dysentery.
  ESODIC, Afferent.
  ESOEXTERITIS, see Enteritis.
  ESOGASTRITIS, Endogastritis.
  ESOTERTC,  caurrtpos,  'interior,' from  caui,
'within.'  Private; interior; in contradistinction
to Exoter'ic, public, exterior.   Hence, we speak
of 'esoteric and exoteric causes of disease.' 
ESOTERISM               354                 &TAGE
  ES'OTERISM, MED'ICAL.  Same etymon as
Esoteric.  A term used by M. Simon, in his Di-
ontologie midicale,  for that esotery,  or  mystery
and secresy, with which the practitioner performs
his daily duties, and  which,  he conceives, he  is
compelled to adopt by the prejudices and igno-
rance of his patients.
   ESP ACES INTERCOSTAUX, see Costa,
   ESFECES, Species, see Pulvis — e. Pulviru-
lerrtes,  sc Pulvis.
   ESPECES VULNSRAIRES, Falltranck.
   ESPHLA'SIS. from £5, us, ' inwards,' and tftXaa,
'I break, bruise,' Ac  A fracture of the skull by
comminution,  the  fragments  being  depressed.
See Depression, and Enthlasis.
   ESPRIT, Spirit — e.  d'Ammoniaque,  Spiritus
ammonias— e. d'Anis, Spiritus anisi—e. de  Bois,
Spiritus Pyroxylicus — e.  de Camphre,  Spiritus
camphoras—e. de Cannelie, Spiritus cinnamomi—
e. de Carvi, Spiritus carui—e. d'Ether Sulfurique,
Spiritus astheris sulphuric! compositus—e.  de Ge-
niivre  composi, Spiritus juniperi compositus—e.
d'lva, Achillea moschata—e. de Lavande, Spiritus
lavandulas — e.  de  Lavande composi,  Spiritus
lavandulas  compositus — e.  de  3fertthe  poivri,
Spiritus menthas piperitas—e. de 3Iuscade, Spiri-
tus myristicas—e. de Pouliot, Spiritus pulegii—e.
Pyroxylique,  Spiritus pyroxylicus — e.  de Rai-
fiort composi, Spiritus armoracias compositus—e.
de Romarin, Spiritus rosmarini—e. de Yin dilayi,
Spiritus tenuior—e. de Vin rectifii,  Spiritus rec-
tificatus.
   ESPRTTS ANI3TAUX, Nervous  fluid.
   ESQUILLE, Splinter.
   ESQUIXAXCIE,  Cynanche,  Cynanche ton-
sillaris.
   ESQUIXE, Smilax China.
   ES'SENCE, Essen'tia, corrupted from existen-
tia, ' standing out,' [?] or, from esse, ' to  be.' By
some,  used  synonymously with volatile oil; by
others, with simple tincture.  The oil of pepper-
mint  is the oil  obtained by distillation; the
essence, the oil diluted with spirit.  See Tinctura
olei menthas.
   Essence  of Anise, Essentia anisi—e. of Bar-
dana, Hill's, Tineturi guaiaci ammoniata—e. of
Caraway, Essentia Carui—e. of Cinnamon, Essen-
tia Cinnamomi—e. of Coltsfoot, see Tinctura ben-
zoini composita—e. of Fennel, Essentia Foeniculi
— e. of Musk,  Tinctura moschi — e.  of  Mustard
Pills, Whitehead's, see Sinapis — e.  of Mustard,
Whitehead's,  see  Sinapis — e.  of  Pennyroyal,
Essentia menthas pulegii—e. of Peppermint, Tinc-
tura olei menthae piperitas—e. of Pimento, Essen-
tia Pimentae—e.  of Rosemary, Essentia Rosma-
rini— e. of  Roses, see Rosa centifolia — e. of
Spearmint, Tinctura olei menttras viridis — e. of
Spruce, see  Pinus Abies.
   ESSENCES, Olea volatilia.
   ESSENTIA,  Essence, Tincture — e.  Abietis,
see Pinus abies — e. Aloes,  Tinctura aloes — e.
Absintbii amara, Tinctura A. composita—e. Ab-
sinthii composita, Tinctura A. composita.
   Essen'tiv  Ani'si,  Essence  of Anise.   (Ol.
Anisi,  f'^j; Sp. r-ectif. f^ix. M.  Ph. D.)  Dose,
IT^xx to f^j, as a carminative.
   Essentia  Antimonii seu Stibii, Vinum anti-
monii tartarizati—e. Antiseptica Huxhami, Tinc-
tura cinchonas composita—e. Aromatica, Tinctura
cinnamomi composita.
   Essentia  Carui, Essence of Car'away.  (Ol.
Carui  f£j;  Sp. rectif. fgix.  Ph.  D.)  Dose,
gtt. xx to f^j, as a carminative.
   Essentia Castorei, Tinctura castorei—e. Ca-
tholica purgans Rothii, Tinctura jalapii compo-
sita— e. de Cedro, Oleum  cedrinum — e. Chinas,
Tinctura cinchonas  composita — e.  Cinnamomi,
Tinctura cinnamomi.                            I
  Essentia Cinnamo'mi, Essence of Cin'namnn,
(Ol. Cinnarn.  f3j; Sp.  rect.  fjix.  M.)   Dose,
gtt. x to xx.
  Essentia F<enic'uli, Essence of Fennel.  (01.
Fcenic.  f3J ; Alcohol. f|ix, M.  Ph.  D.)   Do.-e,
gtt. xx  to f£j.
  Essentia Mentha Piperita, Tinctura olei
menthas piperitas.
  Essentia Mentha Pule'gii, Essence of Penny.
royal.   (Ol. Puleg. fgj ; Sp. rectif. fgix. Ph. D.)
Dose, gtt. xv to xxx.
  Essentia Mentha Viridis, Tinctura olei men-
thas viridis.
  Essentia Myrist'ice Moscha'tas, Essence of
Nutmeg.  (Ol. Myrisl. f Jj; Sp. rectif. f^ix. M.
Ph. D.)  Dose, gtt. xx—xxx.
  Essentia Neroli, see Citrus  aurantium — e.
Corticis Peruviani antiseptica Huxhami, Tinctura
cinchonas composita—e. Corticis  Peruviani com-
posita, Tinctura cinchonas amara.
  Essentia Pimen'ta:, Essence of Pirn en'to. (01.
Pirnent. f|i; Sp. rectif. f,^ix. M. Ph. D.)   Dose,
gtt. xxx ad lx.
  Essentia Rosmari'ni, Essence of  Rose'mun/.
(Ol. Rosmari'ni f gj; Sp. rectif. fgix. M. Ph.D.)
Dose, gtt. xxx ad gtt. lx.
  ESSENTIAL, Essentia'lis.  The word essential
has been applied to the immediate or active prin-
ciples of vegetables, which were believed  to be
endowed with the properties of the plants from
which they were extracted.  Essential nil was so
called because it was regarded as the only imme-
diate principle which was essential.  This expres-
sion is retained.  Essential salts are true salts or
extracts which exist, ready formed, in vegetables;
and which are obtained by distillation, incinera-
tion, or some other process.
  An essential disease is synonymous with  a ge-
neral disease ; that is, one  not depending on any
local affection,—not symptomatic.  See Entity.
  ES'SERA, Es'sere, Sora, Saire, Sure, 31 orbit
porci'nus,  Rosa  saltans, Urtica'ria porcell'iinti,
(F.) Ampoules, Porcelaine.  Of  Arabic deriva-
tion.  A species  of cutaneous eruption, consist-
ing of small, reddish  tubercles  over the  whole
body,  accompanied  by  a  troublesome  itching.
It seems to be a variety of lichen or urticaria.
See Lichen tropicus.
  ESSIEU, Axis.
  ESSOUFFLE3IENT, Anhelatio.
  ESTHEMA,  Vestitus.
  ESTHESIS,  Vestitus.
  ESTHIOMENE, Esthiomenus.
  ESTHIOM'ENUS, Estiom'enus, from tadust, 'I
eat.'  Ex'edens.  (F.) Esthiomlne. That which
devours or eats away.  Certain ulcers and erup-
tions—Dartres  rongeantes—are so called.
  ESTIVAL,  vEstlvus;  from  astas,  astatit,
'summer.'   Happening  in summer, belonging to
summer.  This epithet is  given  to summer dis-
eases, so called  because they reign at that season,
and appear to  depend on  the  influence exerted
by  it  on the animal economy.  In the United
States,  the term  summer  disease or complaint
means   disorder  of  the  bowels; as diarrhan,
cholera morbus, Ac.
  EST03TAC, Stomach.
  ESTRAGOX.  Artemisia dracunculus.
  ESULA  CYPARISSIAS. Euphorbia  cypari'-
sias — e. Major, Euphorbia palustris — e. Minur,
Euphorbia cyparissias.
  ESULE, GRANDE, Euphorbia lathyris.
  ESURIES,  Hunger.
  ESURIGO, Hunger.
  ESURITIO,  Hunger.
  ESYCHIA, Acinesia.
  ETAGE, Stage. 
ETA IN
35 5
JETOUFFEMEXT
   fiTAIN, Tin— L de Glace, Bismuth— e.  Grie,
 Bismuth.
   ETAT,  Acme—L Granulcux du Rein, Kidney,
 Bright's Disease  of the.
   FTERSUE3IENT, Sneezing.
   EI'ESTICULATIO, Castration.
   ETHER, JEther, .Ether sulphuricus—e. Acetic,
 see iEther—e. Acitique, see Mther sulphuricus—
 i-.. Azoteux, see iEther sulphuricus — e. Azoteux
 alcoolisi, Spiritus astheris nitrici.
   Ether,  Chloric, see Chloroform.   Under the
 names concentrated chloric ether and strong  chlo-
 ric ether— a compound  of pure chloroform and
 nearly absolute alcohol, in  the proportion of one-
 third of tho former to two-thirds of the latter—
 has been used as an anaesthetic  by inhalation, in
 the same cases as sulphuric ether and chloroform.
 It is properly an  alcoholic  solution or tincture of
 chloroform.
   Ether,  Chlorohydric,  Chlorinated,   see
 /Ether muriaticus—i. Chlorohydrique, see iEther
 sulphuricus—i. Chlorohydrique chlori, see JEther
 muriaticus.
    Ether, Compound.  A preparation consisting
 of a solution of chloroform  in sulphuric ether,
 which has  been used as an anassthetic by inhala-
 tion, in the same cases as chloroform.
   ETHER, HYDRATIQUE, Mther sulphuricus
 —e. Hydriodic, iEther hydriodicus—i. Hydrique
 alcoolisi, Spiritus astheris  sulphurici compositus
 —e. Hydrochloric, see iEther—e.  Hydrochloric,
 Spirit of, Spiritus astheris muriatici—e. Hydro-
 cyanic,  iEther  hydrocyanicus — e.   Iodhydric,
 .Ether hydriodicus—e. Marine, iEther muriaticus
 — e. Muriatic, iEther  muriaticus — e. Muriatic,
 spirit of, Spiritus astheris  muriatici—i. Nitreux,
 see iEther  sulphuricus—e.  Nitric, see iEther—e.
 Xitriqne, see iEther sulphuricus—e. Nitrous, see
 iEther —e. Phosphorio, see iEther — e. Prussic,
 iEther hydrocyanicus—e. Rectified,  iEther  sul-
 phuricus—*.  Sitlftrique,  iEther sulphuricus—*.
 Sulfurique alcoolisi, Spiritus  astheris sulphurici
 compositus—e. Sulphuric, ^ther sulphuricus—e.
 Terebinthinated,  iEther  terebinthinatus—i. Vi-
 triolique, iEther sulphuricus,
   ETHEREAL, iEthereal.
   ETHER A, .Ethereal.
   ETIIEREOUS, iEthereal.
   ETHERIXE, HYDROCYANATE OF. iEther
 hydrocyanicus—e. Muriate  of, .Ether muriaticus.
 ■  j fIIERI'SM.  The aggregate of phenomena
 induced by the inhalation of ether—jEtherisnlus.
   ETHERIZATION, JEtherisa'tio.  The admi-
 nistration  of ether by inhalation, as an anass-
 thetic.
   ETHERIZED, jEtherisa'tns.  Presenting the
 phenomena induced by the  inhalation of ether.
   ETHEROLAT, Ethirat.   The product of the
 aiMillntion  of ether on aromatic substances.
   ETHEROLATURE, see Tincture.
   ETHEROLE.  A liquid medicine formed of
 etuer and medicinal principles united with it by
 uireot solution or simple mixture.—Bisral.
   EthtroU d'essence de tiribinthine.  See Liquor
 unodynus terebinthinatus.

 Jl^^V^'  E'heroVic.  A  medicine
 which has ether for excipient.—Beral.

 «hllHhll(\L?T(F-   An etherol!c  medi«ne
  PTii?."Cl",8Avely emP%ed externally.
       /',IEDICAL' Deontology, medical.
  r-' 'UK., Hectic.

  H   ',W-«- -Ethiops.
  ET1IIMS, Filtration.
  ETIIISMUS, Filtration.
  ETHMOCEPHALE,  Ethmoceph'alus;  from
».«.  a  Move,  'the  ethmoidal  portion  of the
  nose,  and KttpaXv, 'head.'  A genus of monsters,
  with eyes close together, but  distinct; the nasal
  apparatus atrophied and rudimental. — I. G. St.
  Hilaire.
    ETII'MOID, Ethmo'des, EthmoVdes, EthmoV-
  deus,  from tfuos, 'a sieve,'  and  ttios,  'form.'
  Shaped like a sieve.
    Ethmoid Bone, Os ethmoideum seu multifor'me
  seu spongiosum seu spongoi'des seu eribro'sum.
  seu cribrifor'me seu cu'bicum seu crista'turn seu
  foraminulen'tum  seu colifior'me seu colato'rium,
  (F.) Os cribleux.   One of the eight  bones which
  compose the cranium; so called, because its upper
  plate  is  pierced  by a  considerable  number of
  holes.   The ethmoid bone is situate at the ante-
  rior, inferior,  and middle part of the base of the
  cranium.  It  seems to be composed of a multitude
  of thin, fragile, semi-transparent laminae, which
  form more or less spacious cells, called  the Eth-
  moidal labyrinth or cells, distinguished into ante-
  rior and posterior.  These communicate with the
  nose,  and are  lined by a prolongation  of  the
  pituitary membrane.  The ethmoid bone is con-
  stituted of compact tissue, and is surrounded by
  the Ethmoid  suture.  It is articulated with  the
  frontal and sphenoidal bones, the cornua sphenoi-
  dalia, the superior maxillary bones, the palate
  bones, the ossa turbinata inferiora, the vomer,  the
  proper bones erf the nose, and the  lachrymal bones.
    ETHMOID'AL, Ethmoida'lis.  Belonging  to
  the ethmoid bone; as, Ethmoidal cells, E. suture,
  Ac  Tbe Ethmoidal apoph'ysis or process is  the
  advanced part of the sphenoid bone, which articu-
  lates with the ethmoid.   The  ethmoielal arteries
  are two in number, the anterior of which arises
  from the ophthalmic artery.   The origin  of  the
  other varies.  The Echancrure ethmoidale of the os
  frontis receives the ethmoid bones.  The Ethmoi-
  dal veins correspond to the arteries.
    ETHMOSE, Cellular tissue.
    ETHMOSYNE, Habit.
    ETHMYPHE, Cellular tissue.
    ETHMYPHITIS, Inflamma'tio tela cellulo'sa,
 from nBpos, 'a sieve,' 'vipn, 'texture,' and  itis, de-
 noting inflammation.  Inflammation of the cel-
 lular membrane.
    ETHMYPHOTYLOSIS, Induration of the eel-
 lular tissue.
    ETHNOG'RAPHY, Ethnograpllia; from cBvos,
 'nation,' and  ypatpn, 'a description.'   A history
 of the  races and families of man.
    ETHNOL"OGY, Ethnolofia; from cBvos, 'na-
 tion,' and Xoyos, 'a discourse.'   The science  of
 the races and families of man.
   ETHOS, Habit.
   ETHUSE,  jEthusa  cynapium — *.  3Ieum,
 ^Ithusa meum.
   ETHYLE, CHLORIDE  OF, iEther muri-
 aticus—e. Cyanuret of, iEther hydrocyanicus.
   ETICK, Hectic.
   ETIOLATION,  Blanching,  (F.)  Etiolement.
 That state of plants which occurs in consequence
 of privation of light, when they become pale and
 watery.  In pathology, it is  sometimes used  to
 denote  the paleness  produced  in  those persons
 who have been  kept long without light;  or a
 similar  paleness, the result of chronic disease.
   ETIOLEMENT, Etiolation.
   ETIOLOGY, iEtiologia.
   ETIQUETTE, MEDICAL.   Deontology, me-
 dical.
   ETISE, Hectisis — *. 3Iisentir-ique, Tabes me-
senterica.
   ETNAGH-BERRIES,  see Juniperus commu-
nis.
  ETOTLE, Stella.
   ETON NEE, Stunned.
  ETOUFFEMENT, Suffocation. 
tTOUPE                3
  E*TOUPE, Stupa.
  ETOURDISSEMENT, Vertigo.
  ETRANGLE-LOUP, Paris.
  ETRANGLE31ENT,  Strangulation, Hysteria
—i. des Intestins, Enteremphraxis.
  ETRANGUILLON,  from  itrangler,  'to
strangle.'   An  ancient French appellation for  a
violent  angina  accompanied  by  symptoms of
imminent asphyxia.
  ETRIER, Stapes.
  ETRON, Abdomen, Hypogastrium.
  ETRON'CUS,  from nrpov,  'the  lower belly,'
and oynos,  'a tumour.'   A tumour of the lower
belly.
  ETTICK, Hectic fever.
  ETTLE, Urtica.
  ETUIDE UHIPPOCA3IPE.  A name given
by Vicq d'Azyr to the upper part of the sphe-
noidal  portion  of  the  lateral ventricle  of  the
brain, which is bounded by the lateral cornu of
the corpus callosum.
  ETUVE, Stove—*. Humide, Bath, vapour.
  ETC7VER, to Foment,
  EU, cv, 'good, proper,' when prefixed to words.
Hence:
  EU.E'MIA,  from cv,  and  'atpa,  'blood.'   A
good  condition of the blood.
  EUiESTIIE'SIA, from tv,  and aicOnas, 'per-
ception.' Vigorous  perception. A good condition
of the perceptive faculties.
  EUiESTIIETOS.  Same etymon.  One whose
senses are in full vigor.
  EUANALEP'SIS, from  tv,  and avaXvipts,  're-
covery.'  Rapid restoration to strength.
  EUANTHEMON, Anthemis nobilis.
  EUCALYPTUS MANNIF'ERA, (tv, 'well,'
iind  koXvktos, 'covered.')  From this Australian
species, Order, Myrtaceas, a manna-like substance
exudes, which has similar properties to manna.
  Eucalyptus Resinifera, see Kino.
  EUCTIRQi'A, from cv, and  Xpoia, 'colour.'  A
good  or healthy colour  of the skin.  A good
appearance of  the surface.
  EUOIIYMTA, from cv, and Xvuos, 'juice.'  A
good state of the humours.
  EUCRA'SIA,  from cv, and npaais,  'tempera-
ment.'  A good temperament.
  EUDIAPNEUSTIA, from tvbtairvcvaros,  (cv,
and iia-von,—Sia, and irvon, 'breath);'  'one  who
breathes well.'  Easy transpiration.
  EUF.CTICA (medicina), Gymnastics.
  EUEL'CES,  from cv, and 'cXkos, 'an ulcer.'
One  in whom  wounds  and  ulcers are  readily
healed.
   EU'EMES,  Euem'etos, from  cv, and eptur, 'I
vomit.'  That which readily excites  vomiting.
 One who vomits with facility.
   EUETHES, Benign.
   EUEX'IA,  from cv,  and 'c^ts,  'constitution.'
A good constitution.
   EUFRAISE, Euphrasia officinalis.
   EUGE'NIA CARYOPHYLLATA, called after
 Prince  Eugene. Garroplryl'lus, Caryophyllus aro-
malicus, 3Iyrtus caryophyllus.   The Indian tree
which affords the clove.  Order, Myrtaceas.  The
 Clove, Caryophyllus, C. aromat'icus, is the unex-
panded bud, (F.) Girojle, Girofle, Gyrophle,  Clou
 de Girofle.  Its odour is  strong,  aromatic, and
peculiar;  taste, pungent  and acrid.    Like all
 substances  whose virtue depends upon essential
 oil, it is stimulant  and carminative.  It is gene-
rally used as a corrigent  to other remedies, and
 in cases where substances  containing the essen-
 tial oils are demanded.  The  oil — (F.) Huile de
 Girofle;  Oleum  caryophylli, Oil of Cloves—has
the properties  of the cloves.
   Eugenia Pimenta, Myrtus  pimenta.
6             EUPATORIUM
  EUGION, Hymen.
  EULE, tuXi;, 'a worm.'  Eula, tvXat, with Hip.
pocrates, meant especially worms bred in a wound
or ulcer.
  EULOPHIA, see Salep.
  EUNUCH,  Eunu'chus,  from twn,  'the  bed,'
and tXor, 'I keep.'  Hemiarldrus, llcmianor, Ile-
mianthro'pus,   Semimas,  Semimas'cuius,  Semi.
mascula'tus, Semivir, Thla'dias, Thla'sias, Thlib'-
ias,  Castra'ttiB,  Gallus, Excastra'tus, Fnira'tus,
Emascula'tus,  Spado,  Exsec'tus,  ExtcHticulu'tiu,
Extom'ius.  (F.) Eunuque.   One  whose organs
of generation  have been removed, or so altered,
that he is rendered incapable of reproducing his
species, or of exercising the act of venery.  Eu-
nuchs  were common  with  the  ancient  Romans.
In Italy, this horrible mutilation still takes place
to improve the voice ; and in the East, eunuchs
have the surveillance of the seraglio.
  EUNUCHISMUS, Castration.
  EUNUC11IUM MECONIS, Lactuca.
  EUNUCHUS, Castratus, Eunuch.
  EUNUQUE, Eunuch.
  EUODES, Beneolentia.
  EUONYMUS, Quassia simarouba.
  Euon'ymus   America'nus,  Strawberry bush,
Strawberry tree, Burning  bush,  Indian arrow-
wood.   A shrub  of  the Ord. Cclastraceas,  Sex.
Syst.  Pentandria  Monogynia, which,  like the
next, is found  throughout the United States and
Canada; flowering from May to June.
  Euon'ymus  Xtropurpu'reus,  Burning bush,
Spindle tree, Indian  Arrow-wood, flowers from
June to July.
  From these  varieties of Euonymus  the Wahon
or Whahoo bark is said to be obtained. It is diu-
retic, antiperiodic,  tonic,  and a hydragogue ca-
thartic, and has been used in dropsy in  infusion,
in the proportion of an ounce to a pint of water.
  EUPATIII'A, from tv, and  iraSos,  'suffering.'
A disposition  for being affected  by pain easily.
Also, a good state of health—Euphor'ia.
  EUPATOIRE  D'AVICENNE, Eupatorium
cannabinum—c. Percefeuille, Eupatorium perfo-
liatum.
   EUPATORIUM, (called after Mithridates Eu-
pator,) Eupatorium perfoliatum.
   Eupato'rium Ageratoi'des, E. Urticifo'lium,
Age'ratum altiss'imrim, White Snakeroot; indige-
nous; flowering in Augustand September; has the
same properties as Eupatorium perfoliatum.
   Eupatorium Aromat'icum, Aromat'ic Lupato ■
rium or Hempweed, has similar properties.
   Eupato'rium  Cannab'inum, Eiipiitn'riitm, E.
Arab'icum  seu  Japon'icum  seu  trijohn'titm, L.
of Aviccn'na,  Cannab'ina aquat'ica, Trifo'hum
cervi'num,  Orig'anuni  aquat'icum, Hemp at] n-
mony, Herb of Saint  Cunegonde,  (F.) Eupatoire
d'Avicenne.   Orel.  Composite.  Sex.  Syst.  Syn-
genesia aequalis.  The juice of this plant proves
violently emetic and purgative, if taken in suffi-
cient quantity.  It has been considered diuretic,
cathartic,  and  emetic.
   Eupatorium Cgnnatum,  E. perfoliatum — e.
Guaco, Guaco—e. Japonicum,  E. Cannabinam—
e. Mesues, Achillea ageratum.
   Eupatorium Perpolia'tum,   E.  Conna'tum,
Boueset,  Thor'oughwort,  Thor'oughstem, Thor-
oughwax,  Vetf'etuble anlimony, Crosswort, Ague-
weed, Fever-wort,  Indian  sage, Joe-pye, Teazel,
Sweating plant, (F.) Eupatoire percefeuille, W  »
plant winch grows in low, wet meadows through-
out the United States.  The tops and leaves—
Eupato'rium,  (Ph. U. S.) — are considered  to he
stimulating, tonic,  emetic,  purgative, diuretic,
and sudorific.   Dose,  gr. xv  of the powder, aa  a
gentle purgative.
   Eupatop.iuji, Purple-Stalked, E.purpureum. 
EUPEPSIA              357          EUS0MPHAL1EN
  Eupatorium Purpu'reum, 3Tohawk tassel, Pur-
ple-stalked Eupato'rium, Trumpet weed, Joe Pye-
ueed, Gravelroot, is used in similar cases, as well as
  Eupatorium  Rotundifo'lium,  Round-leaved
Hempweed,  Wild horehound;
  Eupatorium Sessilifo'lium,  Upland Boneset,
and
  Eupatorium Teucrifo'lium,  Wild horehound,
Germander-leaved horehound, Rough boneset.
  Eupatorium Tripoliatum, E. Cannabinum —
e. Urticifoliura, E. ageratoides.
  EUI'EP'SIA, from tu,  and Kcnrur, 'I  digest.'
A good digestion.   The antithesis to dyspepsia.
  EC PEPTIC,  Eupep'tus, Eupcp'ticus.   Same
etymon.  Relating  to a good digestion. One en-
dowed with a good  digestion.
  EUPJILO'UIA, from cv, and  tpXcyur, 'I burn.'
Mild inflammation.  Variola.
  EU'PHOXY, Eupho'nia, from  eu,  and qiorvn,
' voice.'  An agreeable or regular voice.
  EUPHORBECYPRES, E. cyparissias—e.des
3lurttis, E. palustris—e. Vomitive, E. ipecacuanha.
  EUPIIOR'BIA CAPITATA, Caaeica.  Ord.
Eupborbiaceas.   Called after Euphorbus, phy-
sician to king Juba.  A Brazilian plant, which is
strongly astringent and  not  poisonous.   It  is
considered to be one of the  best remedies for the
bites of serpents.   It is,  also,  called  Colubrlna
Lusitail ica.
  Euphorbia Caput Medu'SjE.  A South  African
plant, with which,  according to Bruce, the wild
inhabitants poison their arrows.  The Ethiopians
use, for the same purpose, Euphor'bia heptago'nu,
E. viro'sa, and E.  cereifiornlis ; the savages, in
the most southern part of America,  the sap of E.
cotinifo'b'u.
  Euphorbia Cereiformis, see  Euphorbia caput
Medusas.
  Euphorbia Corolla'ta, Large flowering
spurge,  3lilkiveed,  Snakes' milk,  Ipecacuan'ha,
 Hippo, Picac, Ip'ecac, 3Iilk pius/ain, Purge root,
 Emet'ie root, Bowman's root, Apple root, Indian
 Physic; indigenous; has similar properties to tbe
lust.  Tho dose of the root is the same.
  Euphorbia Cotinifolia, see Euphorbia caput
 Medusa1.
  Euphorbia  Cyparis'sias,   E.   Cypress'ina,
 Es'itla minor seu Cyparissias, Tithynlalus Cypa-
 ris'sins, Cypress spurge,  Welcome to our house, (F.)
 Eitphor-be cypris.  This, like most of the spurges,
 is very acrimonious.   Amongst the  rustics,  it
 was furmorly called poor man's rhubarb, and was,
 consequently, a laxative.  It is not used.
  Euphorbia Cvpressina, E. Cyparissias.
  Euphorbia  Helioscop'ia, E. obtura'ta, Sun
tpitrge, Wart wort spurge;  indigenous.  The juice
has been given in syphilis.  It  is said to  be ca-
thartic.
  Euphorbia Heptagona, see Euphorbia caput
Medusa1.
  Euphorbia  Hypericifo'lia,  Large   spotted
V""-i/e, Eycbr-ight.  A native of the United States.
Im* astringent and tonic  Used  in infusion —
l,Vs to Oj of  boiling water.  Dose, a tablespoon-
ful.  Euphorbia  Macula'ta,  3Iilk  Purslane,
Spotted spurge, has similar properties.
  Euphorbia Ipecacuan'ha, Anisophyll'um Ipe-
cacuanha, Ipecacuanha spurge, Wild ip'ecac. (F.)
Euphorbe  vomitive.  This species  of  spurge is
common in the southern and middle parts  of the
United States.  The root is a powerful emetic, in
the  dose  of from five  to  fifteen grains:  twenty
grains  act as  a cathartic  likewise.  In large
doses, it acts as a narcotico-acrid.
  Euphorbia Lath'yris.   The  systematic name
°f the plant which  affords the  lesser  catapu'tia
seeds, Catapu'tia minor, Caper Sjrurge, Lath'yris,
Gar'den  spurge,  Caper plant,  Mole-plant,  Ti-
thynlalus latifio'lius  seu lath'yris,  Galarhce'us
 Lath'yris,  (F.)  Epureje  ou grande Esule.  The
 seeds  possess cathartic  properties, and an  ex-
 pressed  oil of  the seeds — O'leum Euphor'bia
 Latltyr'idis, (F.) Huile d'ipurge—has  been given
 as a cathartic in the dose of six  to twelve drops.
    Euphorbia Maculata, see  E. bypericifolia —
 e.  Myrtifolia,  Pedilanthus   tithymaloides — e.
 Obturata, E. helioscopia.
    Euphorbia  Officina'rum.   The  systematic
 name of the plant which affords the Euphor'bium,
 Euphor'bia gummi-reslna, Gummi euphorbia, in
 greatest abundance.  The euphorbium is an in-
 odorous gum-resin, in yellow tears, which have
 the appearance  of being worm-eaten.  It enters
 into the composition  of some plasters, and  has
 been used as an errhine.
    Euphorbia Palus'tris,  E. panicuhlta,
  Greater spurge,  Es'itla major, Tithynlalus palus'-
 tris, Galarhce'us palus'tris, 3Iarsh spurge,  Wret-
 weed,  (F.) Euphorbe  des marais.  Tbe juice is
 given, in Russia, as a common  purge.  It is used,
 too, as an  irritant in tinea, warts, &c.
    Euphorbia Palustris and  E. Villo'sa, or E.
  Pilo'sa have been brought forward  as preven-
 tives  of  hydrophobia—the   bitten part  being
  washed with a decoction, and, at the  same time,
  the decoction being taken internally.
    Euphorbia Paniculata, E. palustris.
    Euphorbia Paral'ias, Tithynlalus par-alias,
  Sea spurge.  This  is violently  cathartic  and irri-
  tating, and is seldom used.
    Euphorbia Peplus, Petty spurge ; indigenous.
  The powdered root is actively cathartic   It has
  been given in dropsy.
    Euphorbia Pilosa, see Euphorbia palustris —
  e. Tithymaloides, Pedilanthus  tithymaloides — e.
  Villosa, see Euphorbia palustris — e.  Yirosa, see
  Euphorbia caput Medusas.
    jfciT" All the spurges are vesicant and rubefa-
  cient,  when applied externally.
    EUPHORBIUM, Euphorbia officinarum.
    EUPHORIA,  Eupathia.
    EUPHRAGIA, Euphrasia officinalis.
    EUPHRA'SIA  (cvtppama,  cheerfulness;   so
  called from its effects), E. Officina'lis seu 3/in'imit
  seu  Imbrica'ta,  Oculu'ria, Euphnlgia, Ophthal-
  mica,  Eyebright, (F.) Enfraise, Euplivaise, Casse-
  Lunette.  It has been recommended in diseases
  of the eye, but is unworthy of notice.
    EUPLAS'TIC, Euplas'ticus, (F.) Euplastique:
  from tv, and xXao-ow, T  form.'  Having the  ca-
 pacity of becoming organizable in a high degree,
 i —as in false membranes resulting from acute in-
 I flammation in a healthy person.
    EUPLEURUM  SERRULATUM, Diosma cre-
 I nata.
    EUPNffi'A,  from  tv,  and  -nvcur,  T  respire.'
 | Freedom or facility of respiration.
    EURIIYTH'MIA, from cv, and pvSpos, 'rhythm.'
 i Regularity of the pulse.
    EURIBALI,  Juribali.
    EURODES, Carious.
    EURODONTICUS, from  tvpos,  'caries,' and
 i oSovs,  oSovros, ' a tooth.'  Suffering from carious
 teeth.
    EURUS, cvpvs,  'mould,  putrefaction,' 3Iucor,
 Caries.  Corruption of the humours.
    EURYCHORIA. Sinus.
    EURYCLES, Engastrimyth.
    E U RY C LIT U S. E n gas t ri my tb.
    EURYSM US. Dilatation.
!    EURYTH'MIA,  Euryth'mus,   from  to,  and
 ' pvduos,  'rhythm.'  Regularity of pulse, both  as
| regards quantity and quality.
 ;   EUSAR'CUS,  from cv, and aap^, aapnos, 'flesh.'
 ! One who is fleshy, robust, muscular.
 j   EUSEMI'A. (F.) Eusimie, from cv, and anpttav,
 i 'a sign.'  A collection of good signs.
   EUSOMPHALIEN  from   tv,  and  optpaXot, 
EUSPLANCITNIA
'navel.'  A double monster in which each being
has a separate navel, and is  able to execute, in-
dependently, almost all the vital functions.
  EUSPLAXCH'NIA,  from cv,  and  ovXayXvov,
'a viscus '   A healthv state of the viscera.
  EUSTA'CHIAN  TUBE,  Tuba  Eustachia'na
seu Aristotel'ica, Syrin'ga, Syrinx, 3lea'tus cacus,
Ductus aurispaltttlnus, Iter a Pala'to ad Aurern,
(F.) Trompe ou  Conduit d'Eustache, Conduit gut-
tural, de loreille — Ch.  So  called from  its dis-
coverer, Eustachius.  It is partly bony and partly
cartilaginous: extending  from the cavity of the
tympanum to the upper part of the pharynx.  Its
length is about  two inches; the  bony  portion
which belongs to the  temporal  bone, is about
three-fourths of an inch long.  It is lined, inter-
nally, by a prolongation of the lining membrane
of the pharynx.  Its nerves  are furnished by the
palatine branches of the ganglion of Meckel, and
its vessels proceed from those of the pharynx and
velum pendulum.   Tho use of the tube seems to
be, to permit the renewal of air in the cavity of
the tympanum.
  Eusta'chian  Valve,  Valve  of  Eusta'chius,
 Valvule d'Eustachi  ou  d'Eustache.  A membra-
nous, semilunar fold, which corresponds to the
opening  of the vena cava inferior  into the  right
auricle of the heart.
  EUSTHENI'A. Vigor,  Exuberan'fia, from tv,
and  adevo;, 'strength.'  Flourishing,  exuberant
health.—Hippocrates.
  EUSTOM'ACHIS,   from  tv,   and  aropaXos,
'stomach.'  Digesting rapidly.   Having  a  good
stomach.
  EC STRONGYLUS GIGAS, Strongylus gigas.
  EUTAXTA, from tv, and rao-aur, T arrange.'
Enthe'sia.   A well-ordered constitution, in which
every  part has  its  proper relation.  The ready
return of a rupture,  or of a luxated bone.
  EUTHANA'SIA.  from cv, and Oavaros, 'death.'
An easy death.  The opposite to this is Cacotha-
na'sia.
  EUTHESIA,  Eutaxia.
  EUTHYENTERON, Rectum.
  EUTHYENTEROSTENOMA,  Stricture of the
Rectum.
  EUTHYMTA, An'imi  tranqitil'litas, from cv,
and  Svpos,  ' mind.'   Tranquillity  of  mind.  A
good state of the mental faculties.
  EUTHYPNOE, Orthopnosa.
  EUTUYPN03.A, Orthopnosa.
  EUTOC'IA, from cv, and tokos, 'delivery.'  An
easy labour.  Fecundity.
  EUTROPH'IA, from cv, and rpotpv, 'nourish-
ment.'  A good state of nutrition.
  E UTROPH'IC, Eutropllicus, same etymon. A
term introduced into medical terminology, by the
author, for an agent whose action is exerted on
the system  of nutrition, without  necessarily oc-
casioning manifest increase of any of the secre-
tions.
  The chief eutrophics  are,—mercurials, the pre-
parations  of iodine, bromine, cod liver oil, the
preparations of gold and  silver,  sulphur, sugar,
and sarsaparilla.
  EUZOODYNAMIA, Sanitas.
  EVACUANTS, Evacuan'tia, from e,  and va-
cuare, 'to empty.'   (F.) Ecacuatifs.  Medicines
are so called which occasion a discharge by  some
emunctory; such as purgatives, emetics, Ac.
  EVACUATIFS, Evacuants.
  EVACUATIO. Evacuation, Excretion.
  EVACUATION.   Same  etymon.  Lapax'is.
The  discharge  of any  matter whatever  by the
Datural passages or by an artificial opening.
  EVANOUISSEMENT, Syncope.
  EVAN  ROOT, Geum Virginianum.
  EVAPORATION,  Evapora'tio,  Vapora'tio,
r-8             EXJEMATOSIS
Exhala'tio, from r, and vapor-are, raporatum, 'to
emit a vapour.'  Transformation of a liquid into
vapour, in order to obtain the fixed matters con-
tained in it  dry  and  separate  from  tho liquid.
When the vapour is received into a proper vessel
and condensed, the process  is called distillation.
Evaporation  produces cold,  and this is one of the
processes by which the body is cooled, through
the evaporation of the perspiratory fluid.
  EVAUX, MINERAL WATERS OF.  Evaux
is  situate in  Auvergne, in  France.  The waters
are livdrosulphurous and thermal.
  EVENTRATION.  Event ml Go, Hypogastro.
rix'is, from e, ' out of,' and venter, 'the belly.'  A
tumour,  formed  by a general relaxation  of  the
parietes of the abdomen,  and containing a great
part  of  the  abdominal viscera.  Also, ventral
hernia, or that which  occurs in any other  way
than through the  natural openings of tbe abdo-
minal parietes.  Lastly, any very extensive wound
of the abdominal parietes, with issue of the greater
part of the intestines.
  EVENTUS, from e, 'out of,' and venire, ven-
turn, 'to  come.'  Apobalnon, Apobesom'enim, E<-
besonlenon,   Termina'tio  morbi. The  event or
issue of a disease, either favourable or unfavour-
able.
  EVERLASTING,   DICECIOUS, Antennaria
dioica.
  EVERRIC'ULUM,  Specillum,  from everrere,
'to clean out.'  A sort of sound or scoop, used
for extracting sand or fragments of stone or clots
of blood from the  bladder, after or during the
operation of  lithotomy.
  EVERSIO PALPEBRiE, Ectropion.
  EVIGILATION, see Sleep.
  EVIL, THE, Scrofula—e. King's, Scrofula.
  EVIRATIO, Castration.
  EVIRATUS, Castratus, Eunuch.
  EVISCERATION, Exenterismus.
  EVOLUTIO,  Development —e. Spontanea,
Evolution, spontaneous.
  EVOLUTION OF GERMS, see Generation.
  Evolu'tion, Spontaneous,  Ver'sio seu Evo-
lu'tio  sponta'nea, from e, and volvere, volutum, 'to
roll.'   Spontilrieous ver'sion, Sponta''neous expul'-
sion. Duplication of the foetus.   A  term, applied,
by Dr. Denman, to what  he considered  to be a
spontaneous turning of the  foetus in utero, in an
arm  presentation,  in  consequence of  powerful
uterine contractions forcing out the breech  and
feet, whilst the arm recedes.  It is now usually
considered to be a  doubling  of the foetus, so that
the arm  changes its position but little, whilst the
breech is forcibly  expelled  before the upper ex-
tremity;—the case becoming similar to a breech
presentation.
  Evolution, Vesicle of,  Vesicle of develop-
ment.
  EVOMITIO, Vomiting.
  EVONYM1JS, Euonymous.
  EVUL'SION,  Avulsion, Evul'sio,  from evcllere,
evnlsum,  (e, and vellere,) 'to  pluck out.'  ApotH'-
mos, Eetil'mos, Tilmos.  The  action of plucking
out: forcible  extraction.  (F.) Arrachernent. This
word  is oftener used by the French than by the
English surgeons, for the act of extracting certain
parts, the presence of which is injurious,—as the
teeth, Ac.
  EW-GOWAN, Bellis.
  EX MARIBUS, Castratus.
  EXACERBATIO, Exacerbation. Paroxysm.
  EXACERBATION, Exacerba'tio, Exuspera'-
tio, Excrescen'tia,  from exacerbare,  exacerba'tum,
(ex, and acerbus,) ' to provoke.'  (F.)  Ridottble-
ment.   An increase in tho  symptoms  of a dis-
order.  Often used synonymously with paroxysm.
  EXACUM SPICATUM,  Coutoubea ulba.
  EXiEMATOSIS, Hasmatosis. 
EX-EMIA                359          EX CE REBR ATIO
  EX.EMTA, Anasmia.
  EXiEMOS, Exanguious.
  EX/E'RESIS,  from d, 'out of,' and aiptur, 'I
take away.'  A surgical operation, which consists
in drawing, extracting,  or removing, from  the
human body, everything that is useless, noxious,
or extraneous.  It is  a  generic term, which in-
cludes  extraction, evulsion, evacuation, excision,
ablation, amputation, Ac.
  ExjKkksih, Extraction.
  EXAGGERATED, Exaggera'tus,(F.)Exagiri,
from exaggero, (ex, and  aggero, T heap up,') ' I
magnify.')   Heightened.  Increased  by expres-
sion.  An  epithet for  sounds heard on ausculta-
tion  and  percussion,  when  much increased —
Hypereche'sis, Hypereche'ma.
  BXA'OION.  The sixth part of an ounce: —
four scruples.—Actuarius.
  EXAL'MA, from tf, 'out of,' and aXXopat, 'I
leap.'  Exalsis.  Hippocrates calls thus  the  dis-
placement of the vertebras.
   EXALSIS, Exalma, Leap.
  EXALTATION OF  THE VITAL FORCES.
 Exalta'tio  rlriiim, from exalto, (ex, and alto,) ' I
 raise.'   This expression has been used, by modern
 pathologists, to designate a  morbid  increase in
 the action of organs, and partly that which  occurs
 in an inflamed organ.  Some use exaltation of
 the vital forces, and infiammation, synonymously.
   EXAMBLOMA, Abortion.
   EXAM15L0SIS, Abortion.
   EX'AMEN  RIGORO'SUM.   'Rigorous exa-
 mination.'   An examination  of a  Candidate  for
 the degree of Doctor of Medicine in the Prussian
 Universities, which, like the  Tentamen  meelicum,
 is conducted in Latin, and takes place before the
 medical faculty on all  branches of medicine.
   EXANASTOMOSIS,  Anastomosis.
   KXANASTROPHE, Convalescence.
   EXAXOI'A, from el-ayytfa, (tf, and ayyos, 'a
 vessel,') ' I evacuate from a vessel.'  Exangei'a.
 An  enlargement  or  rupture of a blood-vessel,
 without external opening.  A genus in the order
  Ihjsthetica,  class  Hamatica  of Good.   It com-
 prises aneurism and varix.
   Exangia  Aneurisma, Aneurism.
   EXAX'CUIOUS, Exsarlguine, Exsanguin'eus,
 Exa'mos,  Exsan'guis, (F.)  Exsangtte,  from  ex,
 'out of,' and sanguis, 'blood.'  Seeming to be
 bloodless; as a female,  who  has suffered largely
 from uterine hemorrhage.   See Anasmic.
   EXAXIA, Proctocele.
   EXAXIMATION,  Exanima'tio, from ex, 'out
 of,'and aw'ma, 'the spirit.'   This word  has  two
 acceptations.  Sometimes, it means  real  death,
 corresponding with the Greek $avaros, mors.   At
 others, it signifies apparent death,  corresponding
 with the Greek a^lvXta, crc\pvXia, ercXvcts, An'imi
 dell qui um.
   EXANTHEM, Exanthe'ma, Anthe'ma erup'tio,
 Epanthe'ina, Efftorescerltia, Exanthis'ma, Ecthrf-
 mu, Epanaste'ma, Epanthe'ma, Epanthis'ma,  Efi-
 flora'tio, from c^av&cw, (£f, and avQcur),  T flourish.'
 A rash.  (F.)  Exanthhne, Elccure.  Under  this
 term, is comprehended,  by some, every kind  of
 eruption, of which the skin is the scat.   Others
 comprehend by it those eruptions that are accom-
panied by fever,  Febres  exanthemalica: includ-
ing,  under the head of the major exanthemata,
those which attack a person but once in his life,
and which  are communicated by specific conta-
gion ; and,  under  the minor exanthemata, those
which are not marked  by these characteristics.
'^mall-pox, measles, cow-pox, Ac, belong to  the
major:—chicken-pox,  herpes,  lichen, Ac,  to the
minor.   The general acceptation of Exanthem is,
however, a  more or less vivid, circumscribed, or
diffuse  redness of the  skin, which diminishes, or
 disappears transiently, under the pressure of the
 finger.
   Exanthem, Carbuncui.ar, Anthracia—e. Icho-
 rous, Emphlysis—e.  Pustulous,  Empyesis — e.
 Rash, Enanthesis.
   EXANTHEMA, Eminence—e. Internum, Eis-
 anthema.
   Exanthe'ma  Iod'icum.  An eruption of dark-
 red  definite spots, of various sizes, spreading over
 the  whole body, without the formation of scales,
 and disappearing  only after a long time, which
 seems to be produced occasionally by the use of
 iodine.
   Exanthema  Miliaria.  Miliary fever—e. Pes-
 tis,  Plague—e.  Antivariolosuni, Vaccina—e. Se-
 rosum.  Pemphigus—e. Strophulus, Strophulus—
 e. Urticatum, Urticaria—e. Vaccina, Vaccina—e.
 Varicella, Varicella.
   EXAXTIIEMAT'ICA.  Same etymon.  Erup'-
 tive fevers.  Cutaneous eruptions, essentially ac-
 companied with fever; — the third order in the
 class Hamatica of Good.
   EXAXTHEMATIS'CIIESIS,  Exanthematos'-
 chesis, from i^avdniru, 'exanthem,' and toXciv, 'to
 withhold.'  Suppression of a cutaneous eruption.
   EXANTHEM ATOJ/OGY. Exanthcniatolog"ia,
 from i^avBriP",  'exanthem,'  and  Xoyrrs,  'a dis-
 course.'  Tbe doctrine of cutaneous eruptions.
   EXANTHEMATOPIITIIAL'MIA,  Ophthalnl-
 ia  exanthemalica,  from  c^urdripa, '  exanthem,'
 and oitiOaXpta, 'inflammation  of the eye.'   Oph-
I thalmia in tbe  course of,  or succeeding  to,  a cu-
 taneous eruption.
   EXANTIIEM'ATOI'S,  Exaiithemtito'sus. Ex-
 antheinat'icus, (F.) E.canthimatiqne.   Relating  or
 appertaining to exanthem, as " an exanthematous
 eruption."  (F.) Eruption exanthimatique.
   EXAXTHEME  IXTESTIXALE,  see Ty-
 phus.
   ENANTHESIS, see Efflorescence—e. Arthro-
 sia. Dengue —  e.  Roseola, Roseola—e. Rubeola,
 Rubeola.
   EXAXTHISMA, Exanthem.
   EXANTHROPIA, Misanthropia.
   EXAPSIS, Inflammation.
   EXARAG'MA, from d-apaooor,  'I  tear away,'
 'I break.'  Collision, violent  fracture  or friction.
   EXARCIIIATER, Exarchia'tros.  Chief  of
 the archiatri, or chief of physicians, a title, like
 that of  Comes Archintro'rum, given to tbe chief
 physician of an emperor or king.   Archiater ap-
 pears to have meant, at times, the same  thing.
   EXARMA. Swelling.
   EXAR'SIO.  A burning heat.
   EXARTEMA. Amuletum.
   EX ARTERITIS.  Exarteriltis. from  ex, 'out
 of,'  and  arteria, ' an artery.'  Inflammation  of
 the  outer cont of an artery.
   EXARTHREMA. Luxation, Sprain.
   EXARTHROMA, Luxation.
   EXARTIIROSIS, Luxatio,  Sprain—e. Pareti-
 ca, see Pareticus.
   EXARTICULATIO,  Amputation, joint;
 Luxatio.
   EXARYSIS.  Exhaustion.
   EXASPERATTO, Exacerbation.
   EXCiECARIA AGALLOCHA, Agallochum.
   KXCALEFACTIO.  Eehauffernent.
   EXCARNATION, Excarna'tio,  from  ex, and
 caro, carnis, 'flesh.'  A mode of  making  ana-
 tomical preparations, which  consists  in separa-
 ting injected  vessels from the parts  in which
 they are situate.  This is done by means of cor-
 rosion bv an acid or by putrefaction.
   EXCASTRATIO, Castration, Eunuch.
   EXCATHTSMA, Bath, half: Semicupium.
   EXCAVATOR.  Dental, see Dental.
   EXCEREBRATIO, Eccephalosis. 
EXCEREBRATUS            360                  EXERAMA
  EXCEREBRATUS, Delirious.
  EXCERNENT, Secreting.
  EXCIDKXTTA, Ecptoma.
  EXCIP'IENT, Excip'iens, from  excipere, (ex,
and eapere,) 'to receive.'  (F.) Intermide.  A
substance,  which, in  a  medicinal  prescription,
gives  form and  consistence to it, and serves as a
vehicle or medium for  the exhibition of the other
ingredients.
  EXCTPULA,  Cup.
  EXITSIO, Entaille.
  EXCIS'ION,  Excis'io, from  excidere, excisum,
[ex, and eadere,) ' to  cut  off.'   Ec'tome.   A  sur-
gical  operation,  by which parts of a small size
are removed with a cutting instrument.
  EXCITABIL'ITY Excitabilitas.  Irritability.
From excitarc, (ex, and citarc,  citatum,)  'to ex-
cite.'   The  faculty, possessed  by living  beings,
of being sensible to the action of excitants.   The
doctrine of excitability forms  an important  part
of the Brunonian system.
  EXCITANT.  Stimulant.
  EXCITATION, Excitu'tio, Excite'ment;  same
etymon.  The act of exciting;  the state of an
organ  or organs excited.   Excitement is, some-
times, used  synonymously with augmented  arte-
rial  action.  The effect of the exciting  powers
acting on the excitability, according to  Brown,
constitutes excitement.  Cullen used the  term to
express the restoration of the energy and action
of the brain, which had been interrupted by  sleep
or some debilitating  cause,—a  state  opposite to
that of collapse.  Not unfrequently, it is employed
in the sense of excessive action,—Super-excita'tio,
(F.) Sur-excitation.
  EXCITED DISEASES, Feigned diseases.
  EXCITO-MOTION, see Excito-motory.
  EXCITO-MOTORY. (F.) Excito-moteur. An
epithet applied by Dr. Marshall Hall to a division
of the nervous system—comprising  the gray mat-
ter of the  spinal marrow, with the afferent and
efferent nerves connected with it;—all  of which
are concerned in reflex actions ; or those by which
impressions are  transmitted to a centre,  and re-
flected  so  as to  produce muscular  contraction
without sensation or  volition.   They constitute
the reflex system of nerves.  See Nerves.
   The term excito-motion has also been employed
to signify motion, no matter how excited, by the
reflex nerves or  by volition.—C. J.  B. Williams.
  EXCORIATIO, Ecdora.
  EXCORIATION,  Excoria'tio,  Excoriatu'ra,
Anlyche. from ex,  and corium, 'skin.'  (F.) Ecor-
chure.  A slight wound, which  removes only the
skin.
  EXCORIATURA,  Excoriation.
  EXCREA'TION, Excrea'lio, Exscrea'tio,
Serea'tus,  Rosea'tio,  from ex,  and screare, 'to
spit.'    Act of spitting.   (F.) Crachemeut.   See
Exspuitio.
   EX'CREMENT, Excrcmerltum,  Retrimen'tum,
Excre'tnm,  Excre'tio, Periltoma,  Diachore'ma,
Aph'odos,  Aphoderlma, Apocho'reon, Apoc'risis,
Ardas,  Ar-'dnlos, from  excernere,  excretum, (ex,
and cernere,) 'to  separate,'  'cleanse.'   Every-
thing, which is  evacuated  from the  body  of an
animal by the natural emunctories, as superfluous;
such  as the faecal matters, the urine, perspiration,
nasal mucus, Ac.   Generally, however, the term
is restricted to  the fascal evacuations;—Purga-
r.ienta, Hedra, Sedes, Faces, Stereus, Cacce, Spal-
He,  (especially  when liquid,)  Dejec'tio  alvina
 O'nera alvi, Sordes ventris, Hypochore'ma,  Coe'-
Ua, Hypoehore'sis, 3Ierda, 3Ierdus, Catarrhex'is,
 Copros, Scor.
   Excrement, Human, Stereus humanum.
   EXCREMENTIT"IAL, ExcremenUt"ious,Ex-
crementit"his, (F.) Excrimenteux, Excrimentitiel.
That  which is similar  to excrement, and forms
part of it.  l-'xcreruentitial humours or parts aro
those  destined to  be evacuated as incapable of
administering to the nutrition of the body.
  EXCREMEXTO-RECREMEX ITT "1AL,Ex-
creiuento-recrementit"itius.   Animal  fluids, in-
tended to be partly absorbed and partly rejected.
  EXCR EST E X CE, Excrescen'tia,  Ecphy'ma,
Phymato'sis,  Hypersarco'sis,  Saicophy'ia,  Caro
excres'cens, from excrescere, (ex,  and crcscere,)
' to grow outwards.' (Sc.) Stvalme.  (F.) Excrois-
sancc.   A tumour, which  forms at tbe surface of
organs,  and especially on the skin, mucous mem-
branes, or ulcerated surfaces.  Excrescences differ
in size,  shape, cause, etc., and  each requires its
own  treatment.    Warts,  condylomata, polypi,
hemorrhoids,  belong to this  head.
  EXCRESCENTIA,  Exacerbation,  Protube-
rance, Tumour — e.  Carnosa, Sarcoma — e. Fun-
gosa,  Fungosity—e.  Gingivae, Epulis — e.  Vesicas
urinarias carnosa, Cysthypersarcosis.
  EXCRETA, see Excretion.
  EXCRETEUR, Excretory.
  EXCRETIO, Excretion,  Excrement—e. Alvi-
na, Defecation—e. Faseum alvinarum, Defecation
—e. UririiP involuntaria, Enuresis.
  EXCRETION, Excre'tio, Ec'crisis,  Evacua'-
tio, Ejec'tio,  Expulsio,  Eges'tio, Diachore'sis,
from  excernere, excretum, (ex,  and cernere,) 'to
separate'  The  separation  or throwing off of
those matters. Excre'ta, Eges'ta, lou'ta, Apion'ta,
from the body of an  animal, which are supposed
to  be useless, as the  urine,  perspiration,  and
fasces.
  EXCRETOTRE, Excretory.
  EX'CRETORY,  Excreto'rius,  (F.) Excritew
ou  Excritoire; same  etymon.   An  Excretory
vessel or  duct, Ductus  excreto'rius, is one which
transmits the  fluid  secreted by a gland either
externally or into the reservoirs into which it has
to be  deposited.  The existence of an excretory
duct was  regarded as a distinctive character of
the glands properly so called.
  Excretory  Organ  means  any one charged
with the  office of excreting;  thus,  the  skin is
said to  be an  excretory organ, because through
it the perspiration takes place.
  EXCRETUM, Excrement.
  EXCR OISS A NCE, Excrescence.
  EXCUTTA  VENTRIC'ULI, Stomach  Brush.
An instrument, composed of iron or brass wire,
at one  of the extremities of which is a pencil of
bristles.   Some ancient authors proposed this to
extract  foreign bodies  from the  oesophagus, as
well as to cleanse the stomach of viscid and tena-
cious  matters  adhering  to it.
  EXECHEBRONCHUS, Bronchocele.
  EXECIIEOLUTL Exischioi.
  EXEDENS, see Herpes exedens.
  EXELCOSIS, see Ulceration.
  EXELCYS'MOS, from cf, 'from,' and cAkuu,
T draw.'  Extraction.   Also the act of breaking
out into ulcers.
  EXELCYSMUS, Extraction.
  EXEXCEPHALE,  from  £f,  'out  of,'  and
cyxctpaXov, 'the encephalon.' A  genus of monsters,
in which the encephalon is situate in a great mea-
sure out  of the cranium, the upper portion of
which is almost  wholly wanting.  Isid. G. St.
Hilaire.
  EXENTERATION,  Exenterismus.
  EXENTERIS'MUS,  Exentcr-'isis, Ercnterd-
tro, Exenteration, Eciscera'tion,  iJerisccra'tion,
 Urrbow'elling, Embow'ellingor Imbow'elling, Visce-
ra'tion, from ef, 'out of/ and  tvrcpov, 'an intes-
tine.'  The operation of taking out the bowels.
  EXERA'MA, from e^epaur, ' I throw out.'   Any
thing cast out. Vomiting; or the matter vomited.
—Hippocrates. 
EXERCISE              361               EXOGENOUS
  EX'ERCISE, Exercita'tio, Exercil'ium, Asce'-
sis,  Gijinna'sion, from  exercere, exercitum,  'to
work.'  Every  motion of the body arising from
the contraction  of muscles subjected to the will.
Also, the  action of any organ whatever.  Exer-
cise may be active or passive.   The passive  are
referred to, under the head of Gestation.  The
chief active  exercises are : — walking, running,
dancing, hunting, fencing, playing at ball, cricket,
racket, quoits, swimming, declamation, and sing-
ing.  Exercise is an  important prophylactic, par-
ticularly for those disposed  to be plethoric.   It
improves the digestion ; augments the secretions;
and, when used in moderation, gives strength to
the body ;  but when carried to excess, produces
debility and  disease.
   EXERRIIO'SIS, from  t{,  'out of,' and pcur, 'I
flow.'  The discharge which takes  place by in-
sensible perspiration.
   EXF03TATI0N, see Pregnancy.
   EXFOL1ATIF, Exfoliative.
   EXFOLIATION,  Enfolia'tio, Desqttama'tio,
Eclep'isis, Eclcip'isis, from ex,  and folium,  'a
leaf.'  By this is meant the separation of the dead
portions of a bone,  tendon, aponeurosis, or car-
tilage, under the form of lamellae or small scales.
 Exfoliation  is  accomplished by the  instinotive
action of the parts, and its object is to  detach the
dead portion  from  those subjacent,  which  are
still alive.  For this purpose the latter throw out
 fleshy granulations,  and a more or less abundant
 suppuration  occurs, which tends to separate the
 exfoliated part, — now   become an extraneous
 body.  The  ancients distinguished  exfoliation
 into sensible and insensible, according as the dead
 portions of bone were detached in fragments of
 greater or less size, or in  very thin pieces, and in
 an  almost  insensible  manner.  When the dead
 part embraces all or almost  all  the substance  of a
 bone, it takes the name Sequestrum.
   EXFOLIATIVE. Exfoliati'rus, Desquamato'-
 rius, (F.) Exfoliatifi.  That which takes away by
 leaves or scales.  The term  has been  applied to
 certain medicines, which were regarded as proper
 to hasten exfoliation, such as alcohol,  oil of  tur-
 pentine, tincture of myrrh,  Ac.
   Exfoliative Trepan, Eclepisitrep'anum.  An
 ancient raspatory, or instrument for scraping ex-
 foliating  portions of bone.
   EXIIALA 1SOX, Exhalation.
   EXHA'LANT,  Exha'lent, Exha'lans, from ex-
 halare, exhalation, (ex, and halare,  'to breathe,')
 'to exhale,'  'throw out.'
    Exiialant  Vessels,  Vasa  exhalarltia,  are
 very minute, and rise from the arterial capillary
 system.  They are situate in every tissue of the
 body, and on the  surface of the mucous and  se-
 rous membranes and skin;  on which  each pours
 its  particular  fluid.  Bichat distinguished three
 sets.  1.  Tbe external, terminating on the mucous
 nnd external dermoid system,  where they pour
 the matter of perspiration.   2. The internal, com-
 prising  those  of  the  areolar and medullary tis-
 sues, and of synovial surfaces; and, 3. The nutri-
 tirc  exhalants, which vary in  each organ where
 tbey are found, and preside over the phenomena
 of composition and  increase of every  part of the
 body.  The exhalants are the antagonists of tbe
 absorbents.   They  are imaginary  vessels, inas-
 much as tbev cannot be detected.
   EXIIALATIO, Evaporation.
   EXHALATION,  Exhala'tio; same etymon.
 Anathr/mi'asis, Apopneu'sis, (F.) Exhalaison.   A
 function, by virtue of which  certain  fluids, ob-
 tained from  the blood, are spread, in the form of
 dew, in the areolae of the different textures, or at
 the surface of  membranes;  either for the sake of
being thrown out  of the body, or to serve certain
purposes.   The sweat is  a liquid, excrementitious
 exhalation;  the  serous  fluid of  the  pleura, a
' liquid recrementitious exhalation.
   Exhalation is, also, applied to  that which  ex-
I hales from any body whatever, organic or inor-
i ganic, dead or living.
   Exhalation, Pulmonary, see Perspiration.
   EXHAUSTION,  Exar'ysis, Vires exhaust'a,
 from exhaurire, exhaustum, (ex, and haurire,) 'to
 draw out.'  (F.) Epuisemcut.  Loss of strength,
 occasioned by excessive evacuations, great fatigue
 or privation of food, or by disease.
   EXHIL'ARANT, Exhilarans, from  ex, and
 hilaro, 'I make merry.'  An agent that exhila-
 rates or enlivens.
   EXHUMATION, Exhuma'tio, Effos'sio, from
 ex, and humus, 'the ground.'  The disinterment
 of  a corpse.   The  circumstances which  render
 this necessary  are: — 1. Judicial investigations
 relative to the body of the  person inhumed.  2.
 The removal  of a  body from one cemetery to
 another; and, 3.  The evacuation  of cemeteries or
 sepulchral vaults.   The operation  is  attended
 with much unpleasant smell and  annoyance, and
 requires the use of  disinfecting agents, of which
 the most powerful is chlorinated lime.  .See Dis-
 infection.  The  putrid effluvia from animal sub-
 stances are not, however, found to excite  endemic
 disease.
    EXIDIA AURICULA  JUDiE, Peziza auri-
 cula.
    EXINANTT"ION, Exirranil'io, from  ex, 'out
 of,' and inanis,  'empty.'  Extreme exhaustion;
 complete evacuation.
    EXISCII'IUM.  Same etymon as  the next.
 Prominence of the hips.
    EXISTHIUS, Exis'chus, from «f,  'out  of,'
 and taXtov,  'the ischium.'   A luxation of the OS
 femoris.   Those with large nates, and prominent
 hips, were formerly called Exis'chioi and Exeche-
 glu'ti.
    EXITU'RA, from exire,  exitum, (ex,  and  eo,)
 'to go  out.'  According to some, any abscess
 which discharges.   Paracelsus calls  thus every
 kind of putrid excrement.
    EXTTUS.  Same etymon.  The outer termi-
 nation or exit of  a canal.  The termination of a
 disease.
    EXOARTERITIS, see Arteritis.
    EXOCARDIAC,  see Endocardiac.
    EXOCARDIAL, see Endocardiac.
    EXOCARDITIS, Pericarditis.
    EX'OCHAS,  Ex'oche, from  t^eXta,  (tf,  and
 cXur,) 'I project.'  A soft tumour — as a hemor-
 rhoid—outside of the anus.  An  outward pile.
    EXOCHE, Eminence, Exochas.
    EXOCHORION, see Chorion.
    EXOCOLITIS, see Colitis.
    EXOCULATIO,  from ex, 'out of,' and oculus,
  'an eye.'  Want of  eyes. Want of vision. Blind-
  ness.
    EXOCYSTE, Exocys'lis, from t£, 'out of,' and
  kvotis, 'the bladder.'  A prolapsus of the bladder
  into the urethra.  Also called Prolap'sus vesica,
  yEdopto'sis vesi'ca, (F.) Renversement de  la vessie.
    Exocys'te  Noelia'na.   Protrusion of the in-
  ner membrane of  the bladder.  So called from
  M. Noel, who first  accurately described it.
    Exocys'te Solingenia'na.  Protrusion of the
  neck of the  bladder.   Called after M. Solingen,
  who first accurately described it.
    EXCEDESIS, Swelling.
    EXODIC, Efferent.
    EXOG"ENOUS, from tf,  'out of,' and yevvaur,
  'I engender.'  A term first applied to plants —
  hence called Ex'ogens — in  which the wood in-
  creases by annual additions to the outside.
    In animal anatomy, processes  which shoot out
 from any part are termed  exogenous.   An exoge- 
EXOGENS
362
EXPECTORANT
nous aneurism  is one caused by division, from
without, of the arterial walls.
  EXOGEXS. see Exogenous.
  EXiHJOGE,  Extraction.
  EXOGOXIUM PURGA. Convolvulus jalapa.
  EXnwONYAN'CON,  from  tfa,  'outwards,'
yow, 'the knee,' and ayieurv, 'an elbow.'  Bowing
of the  knees  outwards.
  EXOIXE, Exoene, from ex,  'out of,' and ido-
neus, 'fit,' or rather from  exonerare, 'to exone-
rate' [?].  In France, a certificate of excuse, ex-
emption,  or  dispensation,  given  to  those  sum-
moned to appear before a  court  of justice, and
who are unable to do so.
  EXOLCE,  Extraction.
  EXOLUTION, Syncope.
  EXOMETRA, Prolapsus  uteri.
  EXOMOIOSIS, Assimilation.
  EXOMPHALOCELE, Exomphalus.
  EXOM'PHALUS.  Exumbiliciltio,  Exompha-
loce'le, Onlphaloce'le, Hernia  urnbilica'lis, Om-
phalex'oche,  Omphalopropto'sis, Prolap'sns umbi-
lici, (F.) Hernie ombilicale, H. du nombril, Um-
bilical hernia, from ci,, 'out of,' and opipaXos, 'the
navel.'  Hernia  occurring  at  the  navel.  This
affection happens more frequently in infants, and
takes place by the umbilical ring.  In adults, it
occurs more commonly in females than in males;
and, when it does so, the sac  passes in  the vici-
nity of the umbilicus.  The organs, found in this
kind of hernia, are  particularly, — the epiploon,
the jejunum, the arch  of  the  colon, and  some-
times  the stomach.   The tumour is, in general,
round, and presents all the characters of hernia.
It is,  commonly, really  reducible, and not sub-
ject to strangulation.  It  must be reduced, and
retained by an  elastic bandage, made in the form
of a girdle, and furnished with a pad at its middle
part.   When strangulated,  the stricture may be
divided upwards and towards  the left side.
   EXONCO'MA, Exonco'sis, from tf, and oyxos,
'a tumour.'  A large, prominent tumour.  Used,
by Galen, for protuberance  of the vertebrae after
luxation.
   EXONCOSIS, Exoncoma —e.  Linguae,  Glos-
soncus.
   EXONEIROGMUS, Pollution,  nocturnal.
   EXONEIROSIS, Pollution, nocturnal.
   EXOXEURISM,  Magnetism, animal.
   EXOPHTHAL'MIA, Ptosis seu Prolap'sns seu
Prociden'tia Oe'uli seu Bulbi Oculi, Exorbitis'-
mus, Ophthalmoce'le, Ophthalmapto'sis, Oculi to-
tius prorninen'tia, from t£, 'out of,' and oip^aX/ros,
'eye.'   (F.)  Procidence de I'ceil.  A protrusion
of  the eye from its orbit, occasioned by an ab-
scess  or  tumour in the areolar   texture  of the
orbit; by exostosis  of the  parietes of  the  orbit,
Ac  In  exophthalmia,  the eye  is pressed for-
wards ; the eyelids  are  raised and separated,  so
that they can no longer cover the eye and  defend
it from  the  action of extraneous bodies ;  it be-
comes inflamed, and the sight is disturbed or de-
stroyed.  The treatment of course depends upon
the cause.
   Exophthalmia Fungosa, Sarcosis bulbi—e.
 Sarcomatica, Sarcosis bulbi.
   EXOPHTHALMOS, same etymon. One whose
eyes  are very prominent.   The  opposite to Cos-
lophthalmus.
   EXORBITISMUS, Exophthalmia.
   ENORMIA.  Papula —e. Lichen, Lichen —e.
 Prurigo. Prurigo—e. Strophulus,  Strophulus.
   EXORTUS  UNGUIUM, see Nail.
   EXOSIS,  Luxation.
   EXO-SKELETON, see  Skeleton.
   EXOSMA,  from t£,  'out  of,'  and  orOtta, 'to
 move.'   A luxated or dislocated limb or organ.
   EXOSMIC, Exosmotic.
   EXOSMOSE', Exosmo'sis, Transuda'tion, from
e£, 'out of,' and wcpos,  'impulse.'  Tho opposite
to Endosmose.   Tbe act  by which  substances
transude from  within  to without an animal  or
other membrane.
  EXOSMOT'IC, Exosmolicus, Exos'mic, Exot'-
micts; same etymon.   Belonging toExosmose;
■—as an exosmotic current.
  EXOSSATIO,  Exostosis.
  EXOSTEMMA CARIBiEA,  Cinchona: cnri-
basic cortex.
  EXOSTOMA. Exostosis.
  EXOSTOSE,  Exostosis — e. des Dents, Exos-
tosis dentium—,-. Sous-ungiale, see Subunguial.
  EXOSTOSIS,  Hyperosto'sis,  Emphy'ma ex-
ostosis,  Exosto'ma, Eposto'ma, Eposto'sis,  Oste-
o'ma,  Osto'ma.  Osteoph'yta,  E.cossu'tio,  Ossi'h
Eminen'tia, (F.)  Exostose,  Osteophyte; from t(,
'out of,' and oarcov,  'a bone.'   An osseous tu-
mour, which forms at tbe surface of bones, or  in
their cavities.   Various kinds have been enume-
rated.  I'vory Exosto'sis; (F.) E. eburnie;—that
which has tbe  appearance and consistence  of
ivory.  Lanlinar Exosto'sis ; (F.) E. Laminie;—
that which is formed of laminae in superposition,
or of distinct filaments.  The Spongy Eximto'sis
is that whose structure is analogous to the spongy
tissue of bones.  Exostoses are sometimes distin-
guished into the true, which seem to be a projec-
tion  of the osseous substance, and which have the
same organization and hardness as that substance;
and  the false or osteo-sarconia.   Exostosis may
depend on  syphilis, scrofula, rickets, gout, &c.
In such  cases, it is  important to get rid of the
primary disease.
  Those exostoses, which occur within the bones,
have, by some, been called Enostoses.
  Exostosis, Spina ventosa.
  Exostosis Dentium, (F.) Exostose des Dents.
Exostosis of the  teeth.
  Exostosis Steatomatodes, Osteosteatoma— e.
Subunguial, see Subunguial.
  EXOTERIC, see Esoteric.
  EXOTTC, Exo'ticus,  from tfw, 'without.' That
which comes from abroad.  Plants or drugs which
are procured from abroad  are so called.  It  is
opposed to indigenous.
  EXOTICADEN'IA, from exotic, and akor,  'I
dislike.'   Aversion for exotic  drugs.
  EXOTIC1LEMATOSTS, Transfusion.
  EXOTICOMA'NTA.   The opposite to exotica-
denia.  Fondness for exotic remedies.
  EXOTICOSYM'PHYSIS, from  c&tikos,  'fo-
reign,' and avutpvais,  'a growing together.'   A
union or  growing together of foreign bodies,  as
of a foreign body with the human.
  EXPANSIO, Expansion — e.  Musculosa, Pla-
tysma myoides.
  EXPAN'SION,  Expan'sio, from  expandere,
expansum, (ex,  and pandere, 'to open,') 'to spread
out.'   A prolongation or spreading out, presented
by certain organs.   Thus, we say an  aponeurotic
expansion, Ac.
   EXPATRATIO, Ejaculation (of Sperm.)
  EXPECTANT, Exspec'tans, from exspeetare,
exspectatum, (ex, and  spectare,  'to look,')  'to
wait.'  That which  waits:—as Expectant Medi-
cine,—La 3Iidecine expectante.  See Expectation.
   EXPECTATION, Exspecta'tio; same etymon.
The word  expectation has  been applied, in medi-
cine, to that method, which consists in  observing
the progress of diseases, and removing deranging
influences, without prescribing  active medicine!*,
unless  such shall be imperiously required.  It
consists, in fact, in leaving  the disease almost
wholly to the  efforts  of  nature, and  has  been
termed the art of curing diseases  by expectation
or waiting—Ars snnan'di cum expectatio'ne.
   EXPECTORANT,  Expec'torative,  Expec'to-
rans, Anacathar'ticus, Sputato'rius, Antibe''chicul, 
EXPECTORATIO           36
Ptys'tnagague, from ex, 'out of,' and pectus, pec- \
fori*, ' the breast.'  A medicine capable of facili-
tating or provoking expoctoration.  There is pro-
bably no such  thing as a direct expectorant.
They all act through the system, or by impres-
sions made on parts at a distance, which, through
the medium of general, continuous, or contiguous
sympathy, excite the secretory vessels of the air-
passages into  action.   The  following  are the
chief reputed expectorants :—Ammoniacum; Asa-
fostida; Galbanum;  Ipecacuanha;  Myroxylon;
Myrrha; Inhalations  of   Iodine, Stramonium,
Tar, Burning Wool, Tobacco, Ac; Scilla; Sene-
ga, and Tolutanum.
   EXPECTORATIO,  Expectoration — e. San-
guinis,  Haemoptysis — e. Solida,  Cynanche tra-
chealis.
   EXPECTORATION, Expectora'tio,  Eeehe.l-
ysis, Rex hu'mida, Annp'tysis, Prop'tysis, Stetho-
cathar'sis,  Anacathar'sis,  Anabex'is,   Raising.
Same  etymon.   The  act of  expelling from  the
chest matters or secretions  there collected or ex-
isting.  It is, likewise, used for the expectorated
 matter.
   EXPECTORATION DE SANG,  Haemop-
 tysis.
   Expectoration, Prune-juice, see  Prune-
 juice.
   EXPECTORATIVE, Expectorant.
   EXPELLENS, Expulsive.
   EXPE'RIEXCE, Experierltia, Peira, Empei'-
 ra, from tf, and netpa, 'a trial.'   A knowledge of
 things  acquired  by  observation.  In  medicine,
 this knowledge can be obtained both  by the prac-
 titioner's own experience,  and by that obtained
 from tradition and from books.  To profit by ex-
 perience requires a mind capable of  appreciating
 the proper relations  between cause and effect;
 and hence it happens, that false  experience, Ex-
 perierltia fallax, is extremely common; and that
 a man had better,  in many instances,  trust to
 that which he has  learned from others, than to
 his own fallacious observation.
   The union of  accurate observation by the phy-
 Bician with that handed down by medical writers
 constitutes perfect experience, so far as it is at-
 tainable in any individual  case.
    EXPERIENCE, Experiment—e. de 3Iariotte,
 Mariotte, experiment of.
   EXPERTMENT, Experimen'tum; same ety-
 mon.   (F.)  Expirience.  A  trial, made  on  the
 bodies of men or animals,  for the purpose of de-
 tecting  the effect of a remedy, or of becoming
 better acquainted with their  structure, functions,
 or peculiarities.  In a more general  sense,  it
 means any trial instituted  with the intent of be-
 coming better acquainted  with any  thing.  By
 experiments on living animals, we have obtained
 much valuable information in the various depart-
 ments  of medicine;  but   particularly in physi-
 ology  nnd toxicology.
   Experiment of Mariotte, see Mariotte.
   Experiment of Wepfer, Experimen'tum Wep-
 feria'num.  An  experiment attributed to Wepfer,
 which consisted in  injecting air  into the blood-
 vessels of animals, with the view of observing its
 effects on the  economy.
   EXPERS  NU1TTARUM, Virgin.
   EN PER T (F.), Exper'tus, from ex, and peritus,
 'skilled.' Skilful or of good  experience.  A phy-
 sician, (lnugcd with the duty of making a report,
 (F.) Expertise, upon any case of  legal medicine.
   E.YPERTISE, see Expert.
   EXPIRATION. Expira'tio, Exspira'tio, Ec'-
 )>>t<"~,  Ecpncumato'sis,  Ecpneu'sis,  Apopneu'sis,
 Ap"p'noe,  Apapna>'a, from  cxsju'rare, (ex, and
 "j'irarr, spiratum,) 'to breathe out.'   The act of  ij
 expelling from the chest, the air received during |
 respiration.                                    li
3             EXSTROPHIA
  EX'PIRATORY,  Expiratr'er'ni inser'viens.
Same etymon.  Relating or appertaining to  ex-
piration.  The  expiratory muscles  are all those
which  contribute to diminish the  cavity of the
chest, for the purpose of expelling the air con-
tained in  the lungs, or  of producing  expiration.
These  muscles  are, chiefly, the  intercostals,  tri-
angularis sterni,  quadratus lumborum,  serratus
posticus inferior, the oblique and recti muscles of
the abdomen, and the sacro-lumbalis.
  EXPLORATIO,  Exploration —e. Abdominis,
Abdominoscopia.
  EXPLORATION, Explora'tio,  Recognil'io,
from explorare, exploratum, 'to search into.' The
act of observing and attentively examining or in-
vestigating every thing connected with a case of
disease.   The word  is chiefly used in this sense
by  the French  practitioners.
  EXPLORATOR,  CHEST.   An instrument,
proposed by Dr.  B. Babington for  exploring the
chest  in  cases of  empyema.  It  consists  of a
needle, contained in the smallest  sized   canula.
This  is passed  between the ribs into  the chest.
The needle  is then withdrawn, and the escape of
fluid  indicates  the nature of the case.
   EXPLORATORIUM, Sound, Speeillum.
   EXPRES'SION,  Expres'sio,  Ecpies'mos,  Ec-
thlip'sis, from ex, ' out of,'  and premere, prcssum,
'to press.'  The  act of compressing a substance,
for the purpose  of separating from it the fluids
which  it contains.   Also, the manner in which
impressions made upon us are depicted; especi-
ally in the traits of  the countenance.
   Expression of  Sweat,  (F.) Sueur d'expres-
sion, is a term  given  to  the passive perspiration
observable in very debilitated individuals.
   EXPUITION, Exspuition.
   EXPULSIO, Excretion—e. Fascum, Defecation
—e. Fcetfls, Parturition.
   ENPULSTF.  Expulsive.
   EXPULSION, SPONTANEOUS, Evolution,
spontaneous.
   EXPUL'SIVE,  Fxpel'lens, Expulso'rius, (F.)
 Expulsif, from expellere, expulsum, (ex. and pel-
 lere,)  'to drive away.'
  ' An expulsive bandage, (F.) Bandage expulsif,
is  one constructed with the view of compressing
a part, from which we  are desirous of expelling
pus, serum, Ac Certain medicines  were formerly
called  expulsives, which were believed  to have
 the power  of  driving the humours towards the
skin :—as diaphoretics, and sudorifics.
   ENPULTRIX, see Vis expultrix.
   ENSANGUE. Exanguious.
   EXSANGUINE,  Exanguious.
   EXSANGUINITY, Anasmia.
   EX SANGUIS,  Exanguious.  Exsanguis  is
used by Ausonius for one  exhausted by venery;
—as sanguis meant sperm as well as blood.  See
 Sperin.
   EXSARCOMA, Sarcoma.
   EXSCREATIO,  Excreation.
   EXSECTIO VIRILIUM, Castration.
   EXSECTUS, Castratus, Eunuch.
   EXSICCATIO, Drying.
   EXSICCATIVA, Desiccativa.
   EXSOLUTIO, Eclvsis.
   EXSPIRATIO. Exspiration.
   EXSPUIT"ION, Exspuil'io, Spuil'io,  Spu-
ta'tio, Anachremp'sis, Apochremp'sis.  Chremp'sis,
 Ptysis, Anacine'ma, Anacine'sis, (F.) Expnition,
Spiittttion, from  ex, 'out of,' and  spuo,  T spit.'
Rejection of the matters accumulated in  the pha-
rynx and larynx : spitting.
   EXSTASIS. Ecstasis,
   EXSTIRPATIO, Extirpation.
   EXSTROPIITA, Ex'strophy, EC strophe, from
e£. ' out of,' and cTpoQn, ' turning.'  Ejl rover'sio,
Extr-orer'sion.  Eversion or turning out of a part 
EXSUCCATIO              364               EXTENSOR
—as of the eyelids.  A term used by M. Chaus-
sier  for certain  displacements of  organs,  and
especially of the urinary bladder.
  Exstroph'ia or Ex'strophy of the Bladder,
(F.) Renversement de  la  Vessie, is a faulty con-
formation, in  which the organ opens above  the
pubes ; so that in the hypogastric region there is
a red,  mucous surface, formed  by the inner coat
of the  bladder; on  which two prominences  are
distinguishable, corresponding to  the   openings
of the ureters.
  EXSUCCATIO. Eccbymoma.
  EXSUCTIO. Sue'tio, Ecmyze'sis, from ex, and
sugere, suctitm, ' to suck.' The action of sucking.
  EXSUDaTIO, Ephidrosis.
  EXSUFFLATIO, Ecphysesis.
  EXTA, see Entrails.
  EXTASE, Ecstasis.
  EXTEMPORA'NEOUS, Extempora'neus, Ex-
tempora'lis, (F.) Extemporani, from ex,  and  tem-
pus, temporis, 'out of time.'  Those prescriptions
are called 'extemporaneous,'or 'magistral,'which
are made on the Spot, and composed according to
the prescription of the phvsician.
   EXTEXSEUR  C03TMUN DES DOTGTS,
Extensor digitorum communis — e. Commun  des
orteils, Extensor communis digitorum pedis — e.
 Court  du pouce, Extensor pollicis brevis—e. Long
du  ponce. Extensor longus pollicis — e.  Petit  des
orteils,  Extensor brevis  digitorum  pedis—e.
Propre du petit doigt, Extensor proprius minimi
digiti — e. Propre de llndex,  Extensor proprius
indicis.
   EXTEXSIBILTTY,  Extensibilitas.   A pro-
perty, possessed  by certain bodies,  of  being  ca-
pable  of extension or elongation.
  EXTEXSIO, Extension, Tetanus.
   EXTEN'SION, Exterlsio, Tasis,  Ec'tasis,  Ca-
talasis, Anat'asis,  from  extendere,  (ex,  and ten-
dere, tensitm,) 'to stretch out.'  An operation in
surgery, in  which either with the hands alone, or
by straps, a fractured or luxated  limb  is pulled
strongly, to restore it to its natural  position.   It
is the  opposite of Counter-extension.
  EXTENSOR.  Same etymon.   (F.) Extenseur.
A muscle, whose office is to extend certain parts.
   Extensor  Brevis  Digito'rum  Pedis, Ped'i-
ens, (F.)  Calcanio-phalanginien commun, of Du-
mas ; .Muscle pidieux ou petit extenseur des orteils,
 Calcanio-sus-phalangettien commun—(Ch.), Carri
du pied ; Short Extensor of the Toes.  A muscle,
situ-ate on the dorsal region of the foot.  It arises
from the external surface of the calcaneum, and
at the anterior edge of a ligament, which unites
that bone to the astragalus.  Anteriorly, each of
its  divisions terminates by a small tendon, which
is fixed successively, at the  superior part of the
posterior extremity of the first phalanx of  the
great toe, and to the second and last phalanges
of the  next three toes.  Its use is to extend the
first four toes, and to direct them a little outwards.
  Extensor  Carpi Radialis Brevis, see Radi-
alis— e.  Carpi radialis longus, see  Radialis — e.
Carpi  ulnaris, see Cubital muscles.
  Extensor  Commu'nis  Digito'rum  Pedis,  E.
 Longus Digitorum  Pedis, E.  Digitorum longus,
 Cnemodactyla'ns, (F.) Pironio-tibi-sus-phalanget-
tien commun, Pironio-sus-phalangettien commun,
Extenseur commun  des  Orteils.   This  muscle,
also, is situate at the anterior part of the leg.   It
is long, thin, flattened, simple, and  fleshy above,
and divided into four  tendons below.   It arises
from the outer tuberosity of the tibia and the  an-
terior  surface of  the  fibula, and  is  inserted into
the  superior part of the posterior  extremity  of
the  second  and third  phalanges of the last four
toes.  It extends the three  phalanges  of these
toes.
  Extensor  Digito'rum Commu'nis, E. digito-
rum communis mantis cum extenso're pro'prio anri-
eula'ris,  Digito'rum  Tensor;  (F.)  Epicondylo-
sus-phalangettien  commun — (Ch.,) — Extenseur
commun des Doigts, Common  Extensor of the Fin-
gers.   A long, flattened  muscle; simple above,
and  divided into four portions inferiorly.  It is
situate  at  the posterior  part of  the  forearm;
arises from  the external tuberosity of tho hume-
rus ; from  the aponeurosis of the forearm, and
from the aponeurotic septa situate between it and
the neighbouring muscles, and is inserted at the
posterior surface of the  second and third pha-
langes of the last four fingers.  This muscle ex-
tends the phalanges of tho last four fingers upon
each other, and upon the metacarpal bone.  It
can, also, extend the hand on the forearm.
  Extensor  Digitorum  Longus, E.  communis
digitorum  pedis — e. Longus digitorum pedis, E.
communis  digitorum pedis—c. Proprius hallucis,
E. proprius pollicis pedis—e. Indicis, E.  proprius
indicis — e.  Internodii ossis pollicis,  E. longus
pollicis — e. Primi   internodii, Abductor longus
pollicis.
  Extensor Pol'licis Brevis, E. minor pol'licis
mantis seu  primi interno'dii seu pollicis primus
seu secun'di interno'dii (Douglas,) seu  secitn'di
interno'dii ossis pol'licis ; (F.) Cubito-sns-phalan-
gr'en du pouce,—(Ch.), Court extenseur du pouce.
Seated at the posterior and  inferior part of the
forearm.  It  is thin, long,  and  broader  at  its
middle than at the  extremities.  It arises from
the posterior surface of the  ulna and the inter-
osseous ligament, and is inserted  behind the su-
perior extremity  of  the  first phalanx  of  the
thumb.  It extends  the thumb, and aids in supi-
nation.
  Extensor  Pol'licis Longus ; E. major pol'li-
cis  mantis   seu  secun'di interno'dii seu pollicis
secun'dus seu  ter'tii interno'dii (Douglas,) seu
interno'dii ossis pollicis, (F.)  Cubito-sus-phttlan-
gettien du pouce,—(Ch.), 3Iuscle long extenseur  du
pouce.  This muscle is  long, flat, and fusiform;
and is seated at the  posterior part of the forearm.
It arises from the posterior  surface of the ulna
and the interosseous ligament, and is inserted at
the posterior part of the superior extremity of the
first phalanx of the thumb.   It extends the last
phalanx of the thumb upon  the first.
  Extensor  Pro'prius  In'dicis,  E. proprius
primi dig"iti manus, E. In'dicis, Indica'tor seu
secun'di interno'dii,  in'dicis  pro'prius. (F.) Cu-
bito-sus-phalangettien  de  llndex,—(Ch.), Exten-
seur propre de lIndex.  This muscle is long and
thin ; broader in the middle  than at the extremi-
ties; and is situate  at the posterior part  of the
forearm.  It arises from the  posterior  surface  of
the ulna, and is inserted at  the posterior part of
the upper extremity of the second and third pha-
langes of the index-finger.   It extends the three
phalanges  of the index-finger; and has, besides,
the same uses as the other  extremities of the
fingers.
  Extensor  Pro'prius  Min'imi Dig"iti, (F.)
Epicondylo-sus-phalangettien du petit  doigt,—
(Ch.),  Extenseur propre. du  petit doigt.   Situate
on the inside of the Extensor  communis digito'rum.
It arises from the   external condyle  of the  os
humeri and the aponeurotic  septa seated between
it, the  extensor communis  digitorum,  and the
extensor carpi ulnaris; and  is inserted  into the
last two phalanges of  the little finger.  Its use is
to extend   the little finger, and even the band
upon the forearm.
  Extensor Pro'prius Pol'licis Pedis, E. pro-
prius Hallucis seu Longus (Douglas,) seu pollicii
longus, Pironio-sns-phalangien duponee, Pironio-
sus-phalangettien dn ponce,—(Ch.)  This muscle
is situate at the anterior part of the leg.  It is 
EXTENUATIO             365              EXTRACTUM
fleshy, broad,  flat  above;  small  and tendinous
below.  It arises from the anterior part of the
middle third of the fibula, and is inserted into the
posterior part  of the  superior extremity of the
last phalanx of  the great  toe.  It extends the
last phalanx of the great toe upon the first, and
the first upon the first metacarpal bone.
  Extensor Primi Internodii, E. pollicis brevis
— e. Secundi internodii, E. pollicis  brevis, Ex-
tensor longus pollieis — e. Secundi internodii  in-
dicis proprius,  E. proprius indicis—e. Tertii inter-
nodii,  E. longus  pollicis — e. Tertii internodii
indicis, Prior annularis — e. Tertii internodii mi-
nimi  digiti, Abductor minimi digiti — e. Ossis
metacarpi pollicis  manus, Abductor  longus pol-
licis—e. Pollicis longus, E. proprius pollicis pedis
—e. Pollicis secundus, E. longus pollicis—e. Mi-
nor pollicis manus, E. pollicis brevis — e. Primus
pollicis, Abductor longus pollieis.
  Extensor Tarsi Magnus,  E.  Tarsi sura'lis.
A name given, by some anatomists, to the gas-
trocnemius and soleus combined.
  Extensor Tarsi Minor, Plantar muscle.
   EXTENUATIO, Emaciation.
   EXTERGENTIA, Detergents.
   EXTER'NAL  DISEASES, Extrin'sic Dis-
eases,  Morbi extrirlseci,  Surgical diseases, (F.)
Maloilies externes.   Those diseases which occupy
the surface of  the body, and form the object  of
surgical pothology, requiring, generally, external
means, or surgical  operations.
   EXTERA'A T. The post or office of an externe.
   EXTERNE, see House-surgeon.
   EXTERNUS  AURIS, Laxator tympani — e.
 Mallei, Laxator tympani.
   EXTESTICULATUS, Castratus, Eunuch.
   EXTIXCTIO, Death—e. Hydrargyri, Ex-
 tinction of Mercury—e. Mercurii, Extinction  of
 Mercury.
   E.xtinctio Vocis, (F.) Extinction de voix.  The
 French use  this term for cases in which  the voice
 is not wholly suppressed, but produces  only fee-
 ble sounds :—Incomplete aphonia.
   Extinction of Mer'cury, Extinc'tio 3Tcreu'rii
 eeu  Hyilrar'gyri.  Trituration of mercury with
 lard or other substance, until the metallic globules
 disappear.   The mercury is then so divided, that
 it forms a black  powder,  generally considered
 to be a protoxide of mercury,  but, perhaps, erro-
 neously.
   EXTIRPATIO,  Extirpation—e. Linguas, Glos-
 sosteresis—e. Testieulorum, Castratio.
   EXTIRPATION,  Extirpa'tio,  Exstirpa'tio,
 Abla'tio, Apha'resis, from extirpate,  (ex, and
 ttirps, *a root,') 'to root out.'   The complete re-
moval or destruction of any part, either by cut-
ting instruments or the action  of caustics.  Thus,
 we speak of the extirpation  of cancer, polypus,
encysted tumour, Ac.
   EXTOMIUS,  Eunuch.
   EXTO/.OA, Ectozoa.
   EXTOZOAIRES,  Ectozoa.
   EXTOZOARIA, Ectozoa.
   EXTRA - PEL  YIO-PUBI- TROCH ANTE-
 RIEX, Obturator  externus.
   EXTRACT, Extractum —e. of Aconite, Ex-
tractum aconiti—e. of Aconite, alcoholic, Extrac-
tum aconiti alcoholicum — e.  Alcoholic, see Ex-
tractum— e. of  Aloes, Extractum aloes — e.  of
Bark, Extractum cinchonas—e. of Bark, resinous,
Extractum cinchonae resinosutn—e. of Belladonna,
Extractum belladonnic — e. of Belladonna, alco-
holic,  Extractum  belladonna alcoholicum — e.
of  Bittersweet,  Extractum dulcamaras —e.   of
Broom-tops, Extractum cacuminutn  genista"-—e.
of Butternut, Extractum juglandis—e. of  Casca-
rilla, resinous. Extractum cascarillae resinosum—
e. of Chamomile, E. anthemidis—e. of Cinchona,
Extractum cinchonas—e. of Colchicum, Extract j
 of Colchicum — e. of Colchicum, acetic, Extrac-
 tum colchici  aceticum—e. of Colocynth, Extrac-
 tum colocynthidis — e. of Colocynth, compound,
 Extractum colocynthidis compositum—e. of Cu-
 bebs, fluid, Extractum  cubebas  fluidum — e.  of
 Dandelion, Extractum taraxaci—e. of Elaterium,
 Extractum elaterii — e.  of  Ergot,  Ergotin — e.
 Ethereal,  see Extractum — e. of Foxglove, Ex-
 tractum digitalis—e. of Gentian, Extractum gen-
 tianae—e.  of  Hemlock, Extractum cicutas—e. of
 Hellebore,  black, Extractum hellebori — e.  of
 Hemlock,  alcoholic, Extractum conii alcoholicum
 — e. of Henbane, Extractum  hyoscyami — e. of
 Henbane,  alcoholic, Extractum  hyoscyami alco-
 holicum— e.  of  Hops,  Extractum  huinili,  E.
 lupuli — e. of Jalap,  Extractum jalapas — e.  of
 Lettuce,  Extractum  lactucae — e. of Liquorice,
 Extractum glycyrrhizas—e.  of Logwood, Extrac-
 tum  hasmatoxyli — e. of Mayapple, Extractum
 podophylli—e. of Meat,  saponaceous, Osmazome
 —e. of Nux Vomica,  Extractum nucis vomicae—
 e. of Oak-bark, Extractum  corticis quercus — e.
 of Pareira Brava, Extractum  pareiras — e.  of
 White  Poppy, Extractum papaveris—e. of Quas-
 sia, Extractum quassias—e.  of Quinia, Extractum
 quinias—e. of Rhatany, Extractum kramerias—e.
 of Rhubarb,  Extractum  rhei — e.  of Rhubarb,
 fluid, Extractum rhei fluidum — e. of Rue, Ex-
 tractum rutas—e. of Sarsaparilla, Extractum sar-
 saparillae — e.  of Sarsaparilla, fluid, Extractum
 sarsaparillae  fluidum — e. of Savine, Extractum
 foliorum sabinae — e. of  Senna,  fluid, Extractum
 sennas fluidum — e.  of Spigelia  and Senna, Ex-
 tractum spigelias et sennas — e. of Stramonium,
 Extractum stramonii—e. of Uva Ursi, Extractum
 uvas ursi—e.  of Valerian, Extractum Valerianae
 — e. of Wormwood, Extractum caeuminum  ab-
 sintbii.
   EXTRACTA, see Extractum —e. Fluida, see
 Extractum.
   EXTRACTIF, Extractive.
   EXTRACTION,  Extrac'tio,  Exa'resis,  Ex-
 ogo'ge,  E.rolce, Exelcys'mus,  Enchylo'sis, from
 extrahere, extractum,  (ex, and trahere,) 'to draw
 out.'   The act of removing an  extraneous sub-
 stance from  any part  of  the  body.  Thus,  a
 splinter is said to be extracted.  It is also  ap-
 plied to the removal of certain parts.  The cata-
 ract is said to be  extracted; a tooth  is extracted,
 when carious, Ac.
   EXTRACTIVE,  (F.) Extractifi.   Same ety-
 mon.   A  peculiar, immediate principle, which
 has  been   admitted   in  extracts.   Thus,  bitter
 extractive  is  the immediate principle of  bitter
 vegetables, Ac.
   EXTRACTS,  see  Extractum — e. Fluid,  see
 Extractum.
   EXTRACTUM,  Extract,  Ecchylo'ma,  (F.)
 Extrait, Aposloli.  Same  etymon.  An extract
 is prepared by evaporating vegetable solutions,
 till a tenacious mass is obtained.  When prepared
 from an infusion or decoction, it is called a watery ;
 from ether, an ethereal; and from alcohol,  an
 alcoholic  or a spirituous extract.   Both  kinds
 contain all the principles of the vegetable that
 are  soluble in the menstrua with which they are
 prepared ;  but the volatile  parts are dissipated,
 and some  of the fixed parts  are decomposed;  the
 proper extractive is  oxygenized, and the virtues
 of the  vegetable  substance  consequently altered
 or destroyed.   Extracts  are hard, soft, or fluid:
 the consistence of the soft being  such as to retain
 the pilular form without the addition of a powder.
 A patent  was taken  out, many years ago, by a
 Mr. Barry,  of London, for preparing them  in
 vacuo;  and,  as the temperature is  much lower
 than in the ordinary method, the virtues of the
 plant are less altered, and the extracts are gene-
[ rally green.  Extracts are also prepared by dis- 
EXTRACTUM              366             EXTRACTUM
placement  or percolation.   They have, likewise,
received different names, according to their pre
dominant principle.  The gummy or mucous, or
mucilaginous,  are those  which are mainly com-
posed  of gum  or mucilage.  Gum tragacanth
may be considered a pure gummy extract.   Gela-
tinous extracts are those  composed  especially of
gelatin; resinous extracts, those of a  resinous
character; extracto-resinous, those  composed of
extractive  or  colouring  matter and resin; gum-
resinous, those  containing  gum  and resin ; and
sapona'ceous or  sapona'ceous saline, those  con-
taining a notable quantity of saline substances
and a resinous  matter, so combined with  mucus
and other soluble substances, that they cannot be
separated.  Under the name Fluid Extracts —
Extracta Flu'ida — a class of preparations has
been introduced into the United States Pharma-
copoeia (1851), the distinctive character of which
is, the concentration of the active ingredients of
medicinal  substances  into a small  bulk,  in the
liquid form.  Extractum sarsaparillae fluidum  is
one of these.
   Extractum Absin'thii  Cacu'minum, Extract
of Wormwood.   (A decoction, defecated and eva-
porated.)  The flavour  is dissipated along with
the  essential  oil.  It is a bitter tonic.  Dose, gr.
x to ^j, in pill.
   Extractum Aconi'ti,  Extract of Ac'onite, Suc-
eus spissa'tus aconiti napelli, (from the inspissated
juice  without defecation.)  It is esteemed to be
narcotic and diuretic; and has been given in the
cases  referred to under  Aconitum.  Dose,  gr. j,
gradually increasing it.
   Extractum Aconi'ti Alcohol'icum,  Alcoholic
Extract of Aconite.   (Aconit. in  pulv. crass. Ibj ;
Alcohol, dilut.  Oiv.   Moisten  the  aconite with
half a pint of diluted  alcohol: let it stand for 24
hours: transfer  it to  a  displacement apparatus,
and gradually add the remainder of the diluted
alcohol.  When  the last portion of this has pene-
trated  the  aconite, pour  in from  time to time
water sufficient to  keep  the  powder  covered.
Stop the filtration when the liquid  which  passes
begins to  produce a  precipitate, as it  falls, in
that  which has already passed.  Distil off the
alcohol, and evaporate to a proper consistence.—
Ph. U. S.)  Dose, half a grain or a grain.
   Extractum Al'oes, Extract of Aloes, E. aloes
aquo'sum seu purifica'tum, Pu'rified extract of
aloes.  (The  gummy  part extracted  by boiling
water, defecated and inspissated.)  Dose, gr. v to
gr. xv.
   Extractum Aloes Aquosum, E.  aloes — e.
Aloes purificatum, E. aloes.
   Extractum Anthem'idis, E.  anthemidis no'-
bilis seu chamame'li seu  florum chamame'li, Ex-
tract ofi Cham'omile.  The volatile oil is dissipated
in this preparation.   It is a pure, grateful  bitter,
and is tonic and stomachic.  Dose, gr. x  to gr.
xx, in pills.
   Extractum Asparagi,  see Asparagus.
   Extractum Belladon'na, Suceus  spissa'tus
at'ropa belladon'na, Extract of Belladon'na (an
expressed  juice  inspissated).   Properties  same
as  those of the  plant.   Dose, gr.  £, gradually
increased.  It dilates the pupil when applied to
the eye.
   Extractum Belladonna Alcohol'icum, Al-
coholic extract of Belladonna.   (Prepared like
the  extractum  aconiti alcoholicum.—Ph.  U. S.)
Dose, half a grain or a grain.
   Extractum Cannabis, see Bangue.
   Extractum Carnis,  Extract of Flesh.   An
extract  formed  by evaporating beef  tea in a
water-bath.  It can be kept for sale.  An ounce
of it may represent thirty-two ounces of meat.
   Extractum Cascaril'la Resino'sum, Res'-
inous extract of cascarilla.  (Cort. cascarilla, in
pulv.  crass. Ibj;  Sp.  vini rect. Ibiv.  Digest for
four days;  then decant and strain;  boil the resi-
duum  in ten  pints of water to  two; filter and
evaporate the decoction, and distil the tincture
in a retort, till both are thickened;  then mix and
evaporate to a pilular consistence.)  Dose, gr. x
to gr. xx, in pills.
  Extractum  Catechu, Catechu — e.  Catharti-
cum—E. Colocynthidis compositum.
  Extractum Cathol'icum,  (F.) Extrait Catho-
lique.  This epithet is given to pills composed of
aloes, black  hellebore, and  colocynth, resin of
jalap, and  scammony.  See,  also, Extractum co-
locynthidis compositum.
  Extractum  Chamameli,  E. Anthemidis—e.
Cicutas, E. Conii.
  Extractum Cincho'na, E. Cor'tids Peruvia'ni
seu Cincho'n-a 3lolle,  Extract  of Cincha'na or of
Bark.   (A  decoction  evaporated.)   The active
principles are  similar to those  of the bark in
substance;  but it is  not so  effectual,  owing to
the chymical change  induced in the drug during
the boiling.  When reduced, by drying, to a state
fit for being powdered, it is called the Hard Ex-
tract  of Bark, Extrac'titm  Cor'tids Pcrunict'rii
durum, E. Cincho'na durum.   Dose, gr. x to Jy.-.
  Extractum Cinchona Flava, of the Pharma-
copoeia of the United  States (1842), is directed to
be prepared  as follows:  Yellow Bark, in coarse
powder,  Ibj;  Alcohol, Oiv;  Water, a  sufficient
quantity.  Macerate the  Peruvian  bark with the
alcohol for four days; then  filter by a displace-
ment apparatus,  and when the liquid ceases to
pass, pour  gradually  on the bark water sufficient
to keep its surface covered.  When the filtered
tincture  measures four pints, set  it aside, and
proceed with the filtration until six pints of infu-
sion are obtained.   Distil off the alcohol from tho
tincture and evaporate the infusion till the liquids
are respectively brought to the consistence of thin
honey; then mix and evaporate to form an ex-
tract.—Ph. U. S.
  Extractum Cincho'na Pal'lida (Ph. L <fc E.)
May be prepared in the same manner.
  Extractum  Cinchona  Resino'sum, E.  Cin-
chona lancifio'lia seu Cinchona Rubra resino'-
sum, Res'inous Extract  of Bark,  E.  Cincho'nm
Resi'na.  The aqueo-spirituous extract contains
both the extractive and resin of the bark.  Dose,
gr. x to xxx.
  Extractum  Cincho'na  Rubr^e  (Ph. U. S.),
may be prepared  in the same manner as Extrac-
tum cinchonas flavas.
  Extractum  Col'ciiici, Extract  of Colchicum,
(Ph. L.,) is prepared  in the same manner as Ex-
tractum Aconiti.   Dose, one  or two grains.
  Extrac'tum Col'chici Ace'ticum, Aee'tous or
Ace'tic Extract of Colchicum.  (Colchic. rad. in
pulv. crass. Ibj, Acid.  acet. fSjiv, Aqua q. s. To
the acid add a pint of water, and  mix this with
the root.   Put the mixture  in a percolator, and
pour on water until  the liquid  that passes has
little or no taste.   Evaporate to a proper consist-
ence.  Ph. U. S.)   Dose, gr. j to gr. iij.
   Extractum Colocyn'thidis, Extract of Colo-
cynth.   (Ph. L. A E.) A cathartic, in the  dose
of from gr. v to gss.
  Extractum Colocyn'thidis Compos'itum, E
Cathar'ticum  seu Caiholicnm  seu Quercetti'rii,
Compound   Extract  ofi  Colocynth.   (Cnlt,ei/nt!i.
pulp, concis. ^vj, Aloes pulv. ^xij, ,SV»«.>-"'.
pulv. ^iv,  Cardamom, pulv.  ^j,  Saponin  ^nj,
Alcohol, dilut. cong.   Macerate tbe pulp in the
spirit at a gentle  heat for four days; strain; add
the aloes and scammony; then distil off the spirit
and mix in the cardamom seeds.  Ph. U.  S.) It
is an active  cathartic, and is used in obstinate
visceral obstructions, Ac.  Dose, gr. vj to fr$.
  Extractum  Coni'i, E. Cicu'ta,  Succns cicuta 
EXTRACTUM
367
EXTRACTUM
spina'tits, S. spissatus conii macula'ti, Extract of
Hemlock.  (Expressed juice  inspissated without
defecation.)  Employed  in the same cases as the
conium.  Dose, gr. iij to J}j.
  Extractum   Conii  Alcohol'icum,  Alcoholic
Extract of Hemlock.  (Prepared like the  Ex-
tractum aconiti alcoholicum.—Ph. U. S.)  Dose,
two or  three grains.
  Extractum  Convolvuli Jalapa,  E. jalapas
—e. Corticis Peruviani, E. Cinchonas.
  Extract'um Ccheb'a Flu'idum, Fluid  Ex-
tract  of Cubcbs.   (Cubebs  exhausted  by  ether
throiiqh percolation, and  the solution evaporated.
Ph.  IJ. S.)   Dose, from 5 to 30 minims.
   Extractum  Dhjita'lis, Extract  of Foxglove.
Prepared like  Extractum conii.   Dose,  from half
a grain to two  grains.
   Extractum  Dilcama'ra,  Extract  of Bitter-
tweet.   (Prepared  by  displacement  from bitter-
sweet in coarse powder.—Ph. U. S.)
   Extractum  Elate'rii, Elate'rium, Extract of
 Elaterium.  (The fecula  of the expressed juice.)
 It  is violently cathartic,  bydragogue, and some-
 times  emetic   Dose, gr. ss  every hour  till it
 operates.
   Extractum Ergota,  Ergotin.
   Extractum  Genis'ta Cacu'minum, Extract of
 Broom Tops.   Diuretic  and stomachic  Dose,
 .^s 'o o.i-
   Extractum  Gentia'na, E.  Gentia'na  lu'tea
 seu Radicis  Gentia'na, Extract  of  Gen'tian.
 (The  ei-apirrated  decoction.)   Prepared also by
 displacement.—Ph. U. S.)  Properties like those
 of Gentian.  Dose, gr. x to ^ss.
   Extractum Glycyrrhi'za, Suceus Glycyrrhi'-
 ta  inspissa'tus seu Liquiril'ia, Spanish Juice,
  Italian Juice, Extract of Liquorice.   (The eva-
  porated decoction.)  It  is  demulcent, taken ad
  libitum.
   Refined Liquorice,  which is  sold in the  form
  of cylinders,  is made by gently evaporating  a
  solution of the pure extract of liquorice with half
  its  weight of  gum Arabic,  rolling the mass  and
  cutting it into lengths,  and  then polishing, by
  rolling them together in  a box.
   Extrac'tiim Gram'inis,  Extract   of  Grass.
  An extract prepared from Triticum  repens.   It is
  considered  by the Germans to be a mild tonic;
  nnd is greatly used, especially in convalescence
  from fever. It is probably devoid of all injurious
  properties, and as probably totally inefficacious.
   Extractum Hamatox'yli,   E.  Hamatox'yli
  Caiupechia'ni  seu Scobis Hamatox'yli, Extract
  of Logwood.  (The evaporated decoction.)   It is
  Rstringent.  Dose, gr. x  to £j.
   Extractum Helleb'ori, E. Hellebori  nigri,
  Extract of Black Hellebore.   (The  evaporated
  decoction.)  In large doses, this is  cathartic; in
  smaller,  diuretic, resolvent,  [?] and  emtnena-
  gogue. [?]  Dose, as a cathartic, gr. x to ^j ; as
  an emmenagogue, gr. iij to gr. x.
   Extractum Hellebori, of the Pharmacopoeia
  of  the United States (1842), is prepared  from
  Blnek Hellebore,  in coarse powder, like the Ex-
  tractum aconiti alcoholicum.
   Extractum Hu'muli, E. Lu'puli,  Extract of
  hups.   ( The evaporated  decoction.)   It is  tonic,
  anodyne, [?] diuretic [?]  Dose, gr. v to gj.
   Extractum Hvoscy'ami,  Suceus   spissa'tus
  Hi/osi-yami, Extract of Henbane.  (The expressed
  juice, inspissated without defecation.)   Its virtues
  arc narcotic.  Dose, gr. v to  *)ss.
   Extractum Hyoscyami Alcohol'icum, Alco-
  linlie Extract of Henbane. (Prepared from leaves  ,
  of Hyoscyamus,  in coarse powder, like the Ex-
  tractum aconiti alcoholicum.—Ph. U.  S.)   Dose,  I
  one or two  grains.
   Extractum Jai.a'p i.. E.  Convolvuli Jalapa  ]<
 Bcu Jala'pii seu  Jala'pi, Extract of Jalap.  (A  i
spirituous tincture distilled; and an aqueous de-
coction evaporated; the residua being mixed toge-
ther:  kept both soft and hard.)  It is cathartic
and hydragogue.  Dose, gr. x to £)j.
  Extractum Jalapa of the Ph.  U. S.  is pre-
pared like Extractum cinchonae, Ph. U. S.
  Extractum   Jalapa  Resino'sum,  Resi'na
Jala'pa, Res'inous Extract of Jalap.  This  is
cathartic.
  Extractum Juglan'dis, Extract of Butternut.
(Prepared  by displacement  from  butternut, in
coarse powder.—Ph. U. S.)
  Extractum Krame'ria,  Extract of Rhatany.
(Prepared  by  displacement  from  rhatany, in
coarse powder.—Ph. U. S.)
  Extractum Lactu'ca, Suceus spissa'tus Lac-
tuca  sativa, Extract of Lettuce.   (Leaves  of
fresh  lettuce Ibj;  beat them in a stone mortar,
sprinkling them with water;  then  express the
juice and  evaporate, without allowing it to sub-
side until it  acquires a proper degree of consist-
ence.)  It is said to be narcotic and diophoretic.
Dose,  gr. iij to gr. x.
  An extract is, sometimes, made from the juice
of the wild lettuce, Lactuca viro'sa, which is re-
garded as diuretic
  Extractum Martis Aceticum, Ferri Acetas—
e. Nucis Vomicae,  see Strychnos nux vomica.
  Extractum Nucis  Vom'ica, Extract of Nux
 Vomica (Nucis  Vomic. Ibj ; Alcohol, q. s.  Ex-
pose the nux vomica to steam until it is softened,
slice,  dry and  grind to  powder.  Put it  into a
percolator, and  pour alcohol  upon it gradually,
until the liquor  passes without bitterness.   Filter,
distil off the alcohol, and evaporate.   Ph. U. S.)
Dose, from half a  grain to two grains.
   Extractum O'pii,  E.  Opii  aquo'sum seu The-
ba'icum seu Opii gummo'sum, Extract of  Opium,
Lau'danum opia'titm seu simplex, Opium cola'turn
seu depura'tum.  (A watery solution defecated
and evaporated.)   Dose, gr.  ss to gr. v,—about
half that of opium
   Extractum Panchymago'gum.  A drastic me-
 dicine, composed of colocynth, bruised  with its
seeds; senna bruised; black hellebore root, Aga-
 ric, Scammony,  in powder, Extract of Aloes, and
 Pointer Of Diarrhodon.
   Extractum Papav'eris.  E. Papav'eris som-
nif'eri seu Papaveris albi, Extract ofi white poppy.
 (The decoction evaporated.)  It possesses  nearly
the same virtues as opium, but is much weaker.
 Dose, gr. ij to Qj.
   Extractum  Parei'ra,  Extract  ofi Pareira
 Brava.  Prepared like Extractum Haematoxyli.
 Dose, ten grains to half a drachm.
   Extractum Pip'eris Flu'idum, Fluid  Extract
ofi Black Pepper.   (Black, pepper exhausted by
 ether through percolation, the solution evaporated,
and the piperin in crystals separated  by expres-
 sion.  Ph. U. S.)   Dose, one or two minims.
   Extractum  Podophyl'i.i,  Extract ofi 3Iay-
 apple.  (Prepared from podophyllum, in coarse
 powder, in the  same  manner  as the Extract of
 cinchona.—Ph. U. S.)   Dose,  gr. v to gr. xv,  as
 a cathartic.
   Extractum  Purgans, see  Hedera helix — e.
 Quercetani, E. Colocynthidis compositum.
   Extractum  Quas'si.e.  Extract of Quassia,
 (Prepared by displacement from Quassia rasped.
—Ph. U. S.)  Dose,  as a tonic, five grains.
   Extractum  Cor'ticis Quercus,  Extract of
oak bark.   (The decoction evaporated.)  It is as-
 tringent and tonic.
   Extractum Qui'nia,  Quinia sulphas impu'rus.
 This is  made by  evaporating the  liquor poured
 off the crystals of sulphate of quinia to the con-
sistence of a pilular mass.  Twenty-four grains
 will generally arrest  an  intermittent.
   Extractum Rhei,  Extract of Rhubarb.   (A 
EXTRACTUM             368             EXUVIATION
solution in diluted alcohol evaporated.)   Uses
like those of the  powdered root.  Dose,  gr.  x.
to J^ss.
  Extii actum Rhei flu'idum, Fluid Extract of
Rhubarb.  (Rhej in pulv.  crass. §viij, Sacchar.
£v, Tinct. Zingib. f^ss, Ol. fcenicul.,  Ol. artis.
aa Tnjv;  Alcohol, d'ilut. q. s.  Digest the rhu-
barb, mixed with an equal bulk  of coarse sand,
with  §xij of the  diluted  alcohol for 24 hours.
Put  the  mass into the percolator, and pour  on
diluted alcohol until the liquid that passes has
little odour or taste of rhubarb; evaporate tof^v;
dissolve it in the sugar, and mix the  tincture  of
ginger and oils.  Ph. U. S.)   Dose, f.^j.
   Extractum  Ru'dii,  Extract  of Rudius, (F.)
Extrait  de  Rudius.   Pills made of colocynth,
agaric, scammony, roots of black hellebore and
jalap, socotrine aloes, cinnamon,  mace, cloves, and
alcohol.
   Extractum  Ruta  Graveolen'tis, E. Ruta
sen folio'rum Ruta, Extract of Rue.   (A decoc-
tion evaporateel.)   Tonic,  stomachic.  The vola-
tile oil being dissipated in  the boiling, this is not
a good preparation.  Dose, gr. x to ^j-
   Extractum  Folio'rum Sabi'na,  Extract  of
 Savine.   (A elecoction evaporated.)   Tonic  The
 same  remarks  may be made  on this  preparation
 as on the last.   Dose, gr. x to ^ss.
   Extractum  Sanguinis Bovini, see Blood.
   Extractum  Sarsaparil'la,  Extract  of Sar-
 saparilla.   (A  strained  decoction  evaporated.)
 Virtues the same  as those of the powdered root.
 Dose, gr. x to gj.   Extractum  Sarsaparilla of
 the  United States Pharmacopoeia   is prepared
 from Sarsaparilla, in coarse powder, like  the Ex-
 tractum aconiti alcoholicum.
   Extractum Sarsaparilla flu'idum, E. Sarsa
 Liq'uidum, E. Sarza Fluidum, Fluid Extract of
 Sarsaparilla.   (Sarsaparill. concis. et  contus.
 gxv.i, G/i/cyrrhiz. contus., Sassafr.  rad.  contus.,
 aa ,:§ij, 3lezerei concis. ^vj, Sacchar. ^xij, Alco-
 hol,  dibit.  Oviij.   Macerate,  with the exception
 of the sugar, for 14 days ; express and filter ; eva-
 porate to f.^xij ;  and add the sugar.  Ph. U. S.)
 Dose, a fluidrachm.
   Extractum Saturni, Goulard's, Liquor
 plumbi subacetatis — e. Scobis hasmatoxyli, E.
 hasmatoxyli.
   Extractum  Senna flu'idum, Fluid  Extract
 of  Senna.   (Senna in pulv. crass, lbijss ; Sac-
 char. ,^xx; Ol. Faenicul.  f£'y,  Sp. iEther. com-
  pos.  f,^ij ; Alcohol, dilut. Oiv.  Mix the senna
 and diluted alcohol; let the mixture stand for 24
 hours ;  put it into a  percolator, and gradually
  pour on water mixed with one-third its bulk of
  alcohol,  until  a gallon and a half of liquid shall
  have passed;  evaporate to f^xx; add the sugar,
  and, when it is dissolved, the compound  spirit of
  ether holding the oil in solution. Dose,  f^ss.
    Extractum Spige'lia et Senna  flu'idum,
  Fluid Extract of Spigelia and Senna.   Spigel.
  in  pulv. crass. Ibj; Senna  in  pulv.  crass, ^vj ;
  Sacchar. tbiss; Potass, carbon. %vj ; Ol. Carui,
  01.  Anisi, aa f ,^ss : Alcohol, dibit,  q. s.  Pour
  on the spigelia and senna Oij of diluted  alcohol;
  let it stand for 48 hours ;  place it in a percolator,
  and pour on gradually diluted  alcohol until half
  a gallon has  passed:  evaporate to  a pint;  add
  the carbonate of  potassa;  and afterwards the
  sugar, previously triturated with  the oils,  and
  dissolve.  Ph. U. S.)
    Extractum Stramo'nii, E.  Stramo'nii folio'-
  rum, (Ph.  U.  S.), Extract of Stramo'nium or of
  Stramonium leaves.  (The expressed juice inspis-
  sated.)  The  Extractum Stramonii  Sem'inis,  Ex-
  tract of Stramonium Seed, is made from the pow-
  dered seed by means of diluted alcohol, and with
  the  aid  of the  percolator; — the solution being
  evaporated.   Ph. U. S.)   Used as   a narcotic in
asthma and  other  spasmodic affections.   Dose,
gr. ij to gr. x.
  Extractum Styracis, see Styrax.
  Extractum Tarax'aci, E. Herba et Radicis
Tarax'aci, Extract of Dandeli'on.  ( The strained
juice evaporated.)  It has been considered deob-
struent, laxative, and diuretic. Dose, gr. x to 5fl.
  Extractum Thebaicum, E. Opii.
  Extractum Uva Ursi, Extract of Uva  Ursi.
(The  Decoction  evaporated.)  Dose, gr. v to gr.
xxx.
  Extractum Valeria'na, Extract of Vale'rian.
(An expressed decoction evaporated.)  The virtues
of the  valerian being dependent upon its essential
oil, this is an objectionable  preparation.   Dose,
gr. x to £j.
  A fluid extract ofi  Valerian, Extractum Vale-
ria'na flu'idum, has been introduced into the last
edition of the Pharmacopoeia U. S. (1851).  It is
prepared  by exhausting the valerian by ether and
alcohol, through  the percolator, and evaporating.
Dose,  f !Jj or f ^ij-
   ENTRAIT, Extract — e.  Alcoholique de noix
vomique, see Strychnos nux  vomica—e. de Kino,
 Kino — e. des Fruits, Rob—e. Himostatique de
 Bonjearr,  Ergotin—e. de  Viande, Osmazome.
   EXTRA'NEOUS BODY, Foreign body, from
 extra, ' without.'  Corpus extra'neurn,  C. exter-
 num, C. alie'num, (F.) Corps  itranger.  Any solid,
 liquid, or gaseous substance, inanimate or ani-
 mate, proceeding from without, or formed in the
 body; and which constitutes no part of the body,
 but occupies, in  the substance of the textures, or
 some  of the  cavities, a place foreign to it.
   EXTRAVASATION, Extravasa'tio, Extrava'-
 sion,  from  extra,  ' out  of,'  and vasa, ' vessels.'
 Escape of a fluid—extravasa'tum—from the ves-
 sel containing it, and infiltration or effusion of the
 fluid into the surrounding textures.
   EXTRAVASATUM,  see Extravasatio.
   EXTRAVASION, Extravasation.
   EXTREMTTY,  Extrem'itas,  (F.) Extrimiti;
 from  extremus,  'the outermost;' the end or termi-
 nation of a thing.  The limbs, acrote'ria, have
 been  so called,—as the  upper and lower extremi-
 ties.  See Membrum.  It has been, also, used to
 express  the last moments  of life ; as when we
 say, a patient is in 'extremity,' (F.) le malade est
 d I'extrimiti, el toute extrimiti.
    EXTRIN'SIC,  Ectrin'seens.  ' From without.'
 That which comes from without.  This term has
 been  used for  muscles,  which surround certain
 organs  and attach  them  to the neighbouring
 parts; in order to distinguish them  from other
 muscles, which  enter into the intimate composi-
 tion of those organs, and which have been named
 intrinsic.  Thus, there are extrinsic and intrinsic
 muscles  of the tongue, ear.  ite.
    EXTROVERSIO, Exstrophia.
    EXTUBERANTIA,  Protuberance.
    EXTUBERATIO. Protuberance.
    EXTUMEFACTIO, Swelling.
    EXTUS'SIO, from  ex,  and tussis,  'a  cough.'
 'I cough with  expectoration.'
    EXU'BER,  from ex, 'out of,'  'devoid of,' and
 libera, 'breasts;' Apogulac'tos.   'A child which
 has been weaned.'
    EXUDATION  CORPUSCLES,  see  Corpus-
 cles, exudation.
    EXULCERATIO, Ecthlimma. Ulceration— e.
  Uteri, Hysterelcosis—e. Ventriculi, Gastrelcosis.
    EXUMBILTCATIO, Exomphalos.
    EXUSTIO,  Cauterization.
    EXUTORIUM, Fonticulus.
    EXUTORY, Fonticulus.
    ENUVIiE, see Exuviation.
    EXUVIATION, Exuvia'tio, from exuere, 'to
 put off.'   The  shedding or  casting off of parts, aa 
39
FACE
EYE                    3
the deciduous teeth,  the  skins of serpents, Ac,
which arc hence called Exu'via.
  EYE, Sax. ea^, Teuton. Auge, Oc'ulus,  Ops,
Omnia,  Ophthalmos,  Illos, Op'tilos  (Doric,) Vi-
ao'rium  Org'nintm, (Sc.) Ee, plural Een, (F.) (Eil.
The eye is the immediate  organ of vision.  It is
seated in the orbit, while its dependencies, called
by Haller Tutanlina  Oc'uli,  occupy the circum-
ference  of the cavity, and are composed of the
eyebrows, the eyelids, cilia, glands of Meibomius,
Ae.   The Ball, Globe, or Bulb of the Eye, Bulbus
Oc'uli,  is covered anteriorly by the tunica con-
junctiva; is moved by six muscles, four straight,
two oblique, and is constituted  of membranes, as
the sclerotic, cornea,  choroid, tunica Jacobi, re-
tina,  iris, hyaloid, and, in  the foetus, the mem-
brana papillaris ; and of  fluids, called Humours,
or Media,—-the aqueous, crystalline, and vitreous.
The eyeball is invested with a membranous tunic,
which separates  it from  the other structures of
the orbit, and forms a smooth, hollow surface, by
which  its motions are facilitated.   This invest-
ment has been called  cellular capsule of the eye,
oc'uli t r capsule, til nica vagina'lis oc'uli, vag"inal
coat, and submits'cular fascia of the  eye.  The
vessels of the eye proceed from  the ophthalmic
artery.   The nerves, except the optic, are chiefly
 furnished from  the ophthalmic  ganglion.   The
following are the  dimensions, Ac, of the organ,
 on the authority of Petit, Young, Gordon,  and
 Brewster:

 Length of the antero-posterior diameter  of
   the eye............................................. 0.91
 Vertical chord of the cornea..................... 0.45
 Versed sine of the cornea........................ 0.11
 Horizontal chord of the cornea................. 0.47
 Size of pupil seen through the cornea, 0.27 to 0.13
 Size  of  pupil diminished  by  magnifying
   power of cornea to, from.............0.25  to 0.12
 Radius of the anterior surface of the crystal-
   line................................................. 0.30
 Radius of posterior surface...................... 0.22
 Principal focal distance of lens................. 1.73
 Distance of the  centre of the optic nerve
   from the foramen centrale of Sommering... 0.11
 Distance of the iris from the cornea........... 0.10
  EABA, Phaseolus, Vicia faba — f. iEgyptiaca,
Nymphiea  nelumbo — f.  Cathartica,   Jatropha
curcas — f.  Crassa, Sedum telephium — f. Febri-
fuga, Ignatia amara — f. Graeca, Diospyros lotus
— f. Indiea,  Ignatia  amara — f. Major,  Vicia
faba —f. Pechurei, Pichurim Beans — f. Pichu-
rim, Pichurim  Beans — f.  Purgatrix,  Ricinus
communis — f. Sancti Ignatii, Ignatia amara — f.
Suilla.  Hyoscyamus — f. Vulgaris, Vicia faba.
  FAIi.E. Onisci aselli.
  FABAGELLE, Zvgophyllum fagabo.
  FABARIA CRASSULA, Sedum telephium.
  FABRIC A ANDROGYNA, Hermaphrodeity.
  FACE, Fades,  Vultus, Volt us, Proso'pon, (F.)
Face.  Tbe face is the anterior part of  the head.
It is formed  of 13 bones, viz.,  the two superior
maxillary, the two malar, the two ossa nasi, the
fioo  ossa unguis, the vomer, the two ossa  spongiosa
inferiora, the fioo palate bones, and the inferior
maxillary, without including the frontal portion
of the os frontis, and the 32 teeth, which may be
considered  to form part of it.  Its  numerous
      24
| Distance of the iris from the anterior surface
   of the crystalline................................. 0.02
 Field of vision above a horizontal line, 50° 1  . „„0
 Field of vision below a horizontal line, 70° j
 Field of vision  in a  horizontal plane......... 150°
 Diameter of the crystalline in a woman above
   fifty  years of age...............................0.37S
 Diameter of the cornea..........................0.400
 Thickness of the crystalline..................... 0.172
 Thickness of the cornea..........................0.042

   Eye, Apple, see Melum—e. Apple of the, Pupil.
   Eye Balm, Hydrastis Canadensis.
   Eye-breek,  Palpebra.
   Eye-breen,  see Supercilium.
   Eye  Bright,  Euphrasia  officinalis,  Lobelia
 Veronica—e. Brow, Supercilium.
   Eye, Cat's, Amaurotic, see Amaurotic—e. Cel-
 lular capsule of the, see Eye.
   Eye, Cylind'rical.  An eye is  so  called in
 which the rays of light, on entering the organ, are
 refracted to a  nearer focus in a vertical than in
 a horizontal plane.
   Eye Drop,  Tear.
   Eye Glass,  Scaphium oculare, see Spectacles.
 Also, a glass adapted for the application of colly -
 ria  to the eye.
   Eye, Gum of the,  Chassie.
   Eye Lashes, Cilia—e. Lid, Palpebra—e. Lid,
 granular, Trachoma — e. Melon, see Melum — e.
 Purulent, Ophthalmia, purulent, of infants.
   Eye Salve,  Singleton's, Unguentum Hydrar-
 gyri nitrico-oxydi;  Eye-salve,  Smelloine's, see
 Cupri subacetas.
   Eye, Sight of the, Pupil.
   Eye Stone.   The  shelly operculum of small
 turbinideae.   Used at Guernsey  to get thin.gs out
 of the  eyes.  Being put into the inner corner of
 the  eye, under the eyelid, it works its way out
 at the outer corner, and  brings out any  foreign
 substance with it.—Gray.
   Eye Teeth,  Canine teeth—e. of Typhon, Scil-
 la—e. Water, Collyrium—e. Water, common, Li-
 quor zinci sulphatis  cum camphora — e. Water,
 blue, Liquor cupri  ammoniati — e. Watery, Epi-
 phora.
   Eye, White of the,  see Sclerotic.
muscles are  chiefly destined  for  the  organs of
sight,  hearing,  taste,  and  smell.   Its  arteries
proceed from the external carotid: its veins end
in the jugular, and its nerves draw their origin
immediately from the brain.
  The face experiences   alterations in  disease,
which it is important to attend to.  It is yellow
in jaundice,  pale and puffy in dropsy ; and its
expression is very different,  according to  the seat
of irritation, so  that, in infants, by an attention
to medical physiognomy, we can often detect the
seat of disease.
  Hippocrates  has well  depicted  the   change
which  it experiences  in one exhausted  by  long
sickness, by great evacuations, excessive  hunger,
watchfulness, Ac, threatening dissolution. Hence
this state  has been called Fades Hippocral ica,
Fades Cadaver'ica, F. Tortua'lis.  In this, the
nose is pinched ; the eyes are sunk ;  the  temples
hollow; the  ears cold, and retracted;  the  skin
of the forehead  tense, and dry; the complexion
livid; the lips pendent, relaxed, and cold, Ac.
F. 
FACE  AGUE
370
FAGUS
  The term Face (F.) is likewise given to one of
the aspects of an organ ; thus, we say, the supe-
rior face of the stomach.
  FACE AGUE, Neuralgia, facial.
  FACE  IXJECTEE,  see  Vultueux—f.  Vul-
tueuse, see Vultueux.
  FACET', (F.)  Facette.  Diminutive of Face. A
small face.   A  small, circumscribed  portion  of
the surface of a bone, as the articular facette of
a bone.
  FACIIINGEN,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.
These springs are at no great distance from those
of Geilenau,  and two  miles north of Wisbaden.
They contain free carbonic acid : carbonate, sul-
phate, and phosphate of soda; chloride of sodium,
carbonate of  lime, magnesia, and iron.
  FA'CIAL,  Facia'lis, from fades,  'the face.'
Belonging to, or connected with, the face.
  Facial Angle, see Angle, facial.
  Facial Artery,  La'bial artery, An'gular or
external max'illary  artery, A. palato-labial —
(Ch.), is a branch of the external carotid, which
rises  beneath the digastricus, and is  distributed
to  almost every part  of the face.  It furnishes
the inferior palatal, submental, superior labial,
inferior labial, and dorsalis nasi.
  Facial Line,  see  Angle, facial.
  Facial Nerve, Ramus du'rior sep'tima conju-
gatio'nis,  Sympathet'icus  minor,  Par  sep'timum
seu facia'le,  Oommu'nicans fa'ciei nervtts, Portio
dura of the  1th pair, Res'piratory nerve of  the
 face.  This nerve arises  from the inferior and
lateral part of the tuber annulare, in the groove
which separates it from the medulla oblongata,
external to the corpora olivaria, and  by the side
of the auditory nerve.  It issues from the cranium
by the meatus  auditorius internus;  enters  the
aqueduct of  Fallopius; receives a branch of the
Vidian nerve; forms a gangliform swelling—Intu-
mescen'tia gangliform'is ;—sends off filaments to
the internal  muscles of the malleus and stapes;
furnishes,  according  to many anatomists, that
called Chorda Tympani; makes its exit at  the
foramen stylo-mastoideum, and divides  into  two
branches—the temporo-facial, and cervicofacial.
On the  face  it is termed Pes anseri'nus, Plexus
nervo'rum anseri'nus.  See Portio Wrisbergii.
   Facial Vein, Palato-labial—(Ch.), arises be-
tween the skin  and frontalis  muscle,  and bears
the name Vena  Fronta'lis, (F.) Veine frontale ou
 V. Priparate.  It then  descends, vertically, to-
wards the greater angle of the eye, where it is
called  Angula'ris;   and  afterwards  descends,
obliquely, on the face, to open into the internal
 jugular, after having received branches, which
correspond with those of the facial artery.  It is
only in the  latter  part of its course that it is
 called Facial Vein.   Chaussier calls the external
 carotid artery, Facial Artery.
   FA'CIENT, faeiens, 'making,' from fiacio, 'I
 make.'   A suffix, as in Calefacient, Rubefacient,
 Ac,  'warm making,' 'red making.'
   FACIES,  Face — f. Cadaverica, see Face — f.
 Concava pedis,  Sole—f. Hippocratica, see Face—
f. Inferior pedis, Sole—f. Tortualis, see Face.
   FACT ICE, Factitious.
   FACTITIOUS, Factil'ius, (F.) Factice, from
 facere, factum,  'to make.'  Artificial.  That which
 is  made by art, in opposition to what is natural,
 or found already existing in  nature.  Thus, we
 say, factitious mineral waters, for artificial mine-
 ral waters.
   FACULTAS, Faculty—f. Auctrix, Plastic force
 —f. Formatrix,  Plastic force — f. Nutrix, Plastic
 force—f. Vegetativa, Plastic force—f. Zotica,  Vis
 vitalis.
   FACULTATES NATURALES, see Function.
  FACULTY, Facultas, Dy'namis, Power,  Vir-
tue, (F.) Faculti, from facilis, (itself from facere,
'to  make,')  'what can  be made  or done.'  Tho
power of executing any function or act.  The col-
lection of  the intellectual faculties constitutes tho
understanding.  We  say, also, vital faculties for
vital properties, Ac.   Faculty likewise means the
whole body of  the medical profession, and,  also,
a body of  medical or other professors.
  FiECAL,  Stercoraceous—f. Retention, Consti-
pation.
  FiECES, Plural of Fax ;  Feces, Chersa,  'the
dregs of any thing.'  Fec'ulence, (F.) Fices.  Tho
alvine evacuations are so called ; (F.) Garderobes;
the  excrements, Impurita'tes  alvina, Facal  mat-
ter.   See Excrement.
  Faces Indurata,  Scybala.
  FiECOSITAS, Feculence.
  FiECULA, Fecula.
  FiECULENTIA, Feculence.
  F^ECUNDATIO, Fecundatio.
  FiECUNDITAS, Fecundity.
  FiEX, Feculence.
  FAGA'RA  OCTAN'DRA, Xanthox'ylum oc-
tan'dra, Elaph'rium  tomento'sum, Am'yris tomen-
to'snm, from fagus, 'the beech,'which it resem-
bles.  Ord. Rutaceas.   The systematic name of
the  plant,  which affords Tacamaha'ca, a resinous
substance, that exudes from the tree Tacamahaca,
which has a fragrant, delightful smell, was for-
merly in  high estimation, as an ingredient in
warm, stimulating plasters, and  was given inter-
nally, like the balsams generally.  The East India
Tacamahac, Bal'samum Vir'ide seu Calaba seu
3Iaria,  O'leum 3Iar'ia, (F.) Baume  de  Calaba,
Baume vert, B. 3Iarie, is yielded by Cdlophyl'lum
inophyllum seu Bahama'ria  Inophyl'lurn.
  The  name Tacamahac is also given to a resin
furnished  by Pop'ulus balsamif'era seu  tacama-
ha'ca, (F.) Pettplier  baumier ou de la Caroline,
which  grows in the  northern parts  of America
and Siberia.
  Fagara Piperi'ta,  (F.) Fagarier poivr-i; a
native of Japan, possesses the qualities of pepper,
and is used as such by the Japanese.  It is,  also,
employed  as a rubefacient cataplasm.
  FAGARASTRUM  CAPEN'SE.   Nat.  Orel.
Xanthoxyleae.  A South African plant, the  fruit
of which  is known to the Colonists as wild  Car-
damom ; and, on account of its aromatic qualities,
is prescribed in flatulency  and paralysis.
  FAGARIER POIVRE, Fagara octandra.
  FAGOPYRUM, Polygonum fagopyrum.
  FAGUS, F. sylvatica.
  Fagus  Casta'nea.  The  systematic name of
the Chestnut  Tree;  Casta'nea,  C. vulga'ris seu
vesca, Lo'pima, 3Iota, Glans Jovis Theophrast'i,
Ju'piter's  or  Sardirlian  Acorn;  the  Common
Chestnut, (F.) Chatagnier commun, of the  Oak
Family.  Ord. Cupuliferas.  Sex. Syst.  Moncecia
Polyandria.   The Chestnut, Casta'nea nux, (F.)
 Chataigne, is farinaceous and nutritious, but not
easy of digestion.
  Fagus  Castanea Pu'mila.   The Chin'eapin
or Chinquapin, Castanea Pumila, (F.)  Chdtaignier
nain.  The nut of this American tree  is eaten
like the chestnut.   The bark, Castanea (Ph. U.
S.), has been used in intermittents.
  Fagus  Purpurea, F. sylvatica.
  Fagus  Sylvat'ica.   The systematic name of
the Beech,  Fagus,  F.  sylves'tris  seu purpu'rea,
 Oxya,  Balan'da, Valan'ida;  the Beech  Tree,
(F.) Hetre.  The Beech-nut  or  Beech-mast, (F.)
Faine, affords  an oil, by expression,  which  is of
a palatable character, and is eaten in  some places 
FA IBL ESSE
371
FALSIFICATION
instead of butter.  It  has  been supposed to be a
good vermifuge, but it is no better than any mild
oil.
  Fagus Sylvestris, F. sylvatica.
  FAIBLESSE, Debility.
  FAI3T,  Hunger—/. Canine, Boulimia—/. de
Loup, Faroes lupina.
  FATXE, see Fagus sylvatica.
  FAINT, see Syncope.
  FAINTING, Syncope.
  FAINTING-FIT, Syncope.
  FAINTISIINESS, see Syncope.
  FAIXTNESS, Languor, Syncope.
  FAIRBURN, MINERAL WATERS OF. The
mineral waters at this place, which is in the
county of Ross, in Scotland,  are sulphureous,
and frequented.
  FAIRNTICKLED,  see Ephelides.
  FAISAXDEES  (VIANDES),  see Hypo-
saprus.
  FATSCEAU, Fasciculus—/. Intermidiaire de
 Wrisberg,  Portio Wrisbergii —/.  Petit, Fasci-
culus.
  FATX,  Foetus.
  FALCAD1NA, see Scherlievo.
  FALCES. see Falx.
  FAL'CIFORM,  Falcrfor'mis,   Drepanoi'des,
from falx, folds, 'a scythe,' and forma, 'shape.'
Having the shape  of  a scythe.  This term has
been applied to  different parts.  See Falx, and
Sinus.
  Falciform Expansion of the  Fascia Lata,
is the scythe-shaped reflection  of the fascia lata,
which forms, outwards and upwards, the opening
for the vena saphasna, and is attached to the cru-
ral arch  by its superior extremity, forming the
anterior paries of the canal of the same name.
  FALLACIA, Hallucination.
  Fallacia Optica.   An optic illusion.
  FALLAND-EVYL, Epilepsy.
   FALLING-DOWN, Epilepsy.
  FALLING SICKNESS, Epilepsy.
  FALLOPIAN TUBE, see Tube,  Fallopian.
  FALLPOISON, Amianthum muscastoxicum.
  FALLTRANCK, Faltranck  (G.), literally,
a  drink  against falls.  A vulnerary.   It  is  a
mixture of several aromatic and slightly astrin-
gent plants,  which grow chiefly in the  Swiss
Alps, and hence  the name— Vulniraire Suisse—
given to  such dried  plants  cut  into fragments.
They are called, also,  Especes Vulneraires, and
Thi Suisse.  Within the present century, in Eng-
land, a kind of vulnerary beer  was often pre-
scribed, in country practice, in all  cases of in-
ward bruises. It bore the name Cerevis'ia nigra,
or black beer, and was formed by  infusing certain
reputed vulnerary herbs in beer or ale.
  The infusion of the Fallt.ranck  is aromatic, and
slightly agreeable, but of no use  in the cases for
which it has been particularly recommended.
  FALMOUTH, CLIMATE  OF.  The climate
of Falmouth, in  Cornwall,  England, resembles
that of Penzance: and, like it,  is in many re-
spects, a favourable retreat for the  phthisical
during the winter months.
  FALSA VIA, False passage.
  FALSE, Falsus, Nothns,Pseudo, Spu'rious, Bas-
tard, (F.) Faux,  Fausse.  This epithet has been
frequently added to peripneumony, pleurisy, Ac,
to designate a disease  similar to these, but less
severe.   Most commonly, a  severe  catarrh or
pleurodynia has received the name.  See Peri-
pneumonia notha.
  False Passage, Falsa Via, (F.) Fausse Route.
An accidental passage, made in  surgical opera-
tions, and particularly in introducing the cathe-
ter.  The catheter  is sometimes  passed through
into the rectum.
  False Waters, Hydrallan'te, False Deliv'ery.
Water, which sometimes  collects between the
amnion and chorion, and is commonly discharged
before the birth of the child.
  We say, also, False Ribs, False Rhubarb, Ac.
  FALSETTO VOICE, see Voice.
  FALSIFICATION, Adultera'tio, from falsus,
'false,' and facere, 'to make.'  A fraudulent imi-
tation or alteration of an  aliment or medicine by
different admixtures.   3Ianga'nium, 31anganisa'-
tio.  It is synonymous with  adulteration  and
sophistication.
TABLE OF COMMON FALSIFICATIONS OF  SOME  OF  THE MOST USEFUL
                                 DRUGS, Ac.
Medicines.
Adulterations.
Mode of Detection.
Acacia Gummi.
Acetum  Destilla-
  tum.
•VcinvM   Muriati-
  cum.
Copper.
Lead...
 Nitricum.


•  Sulphuri-


• Citricum.
                       f G. S. is  clammy and tenacious.  The A. G.
Gum Senegal...........<   perfectly  soluble in water, and  its solution
                       (_  limpid.
Sulphuric Acid.........  Acetate of barytes causes a white precipitate.
.-.  -   a -j             f By evaporating it, the residuum deflagrates, when
                       {  thrown on burning charcoal.
                       f Supersaturate  with ammonia — a blue colour  is
                       {  produced.
                        Sulphuretted hydrogen causes a dark precipitate
                       (Deposites by evaporation  the  salts  it may con-
                       <   tain;  precipitates with  solution  of hydroehlo-
                       [  rate of baryta  if it contains sulphuric acid.
                       f The  presence of  chlorine is indicated by a preci-
                          pitate  with nitrate of silver: that  of sulphuric
                          acid by the same result with hydrochlorate of
                          baryta.
                 xr.  .  ( The  presence of  muriatic and nitric acid is indi-
                   ' rlc <   cated  by  the  smell, when the acid tested  is
                       [  strongly heated.
                 q  j.  ("Their presence is indicated by forming a  granu
                       i   lar sediment in a concentrated solution of  a
                       (  neutral salt  of potassa.
Sulphuric Acid.
Muriatic and  Sulphuric
  Acids.
3Turiafic
  Acids.
Tartaric
  Acids.
and
and 
FALSIFICATION           372           FALSIFICATION
Medicines.
Adulterations.
Mode of  Detection.
iETHER RECTIFICA
  TUS.


Aqua Ammonia.
Ammonia    Carro
  NAS.
Carbo
Acid,
Ammoniacum.
Ammonii Sulphure-
  tum.
Argenti Nitras.
Absenicum Album.

Balsamum Peruvt-
  anum.
         *

Capsicum.
Cayenne Pepper.
Castoreum.
Castor.
Cera Flava.
Yellow Wax.
Cera Alba.
White Wax.

Cinchona.
Bark.
Coccus.
Cochineal.
Manganese and Iron.
Lead.
Nitrate of Potassa.
Colomba.
Copaiba.
Balsam of Copaiva.
Crocus.
Saffron.
   Too dilute.                The S. G. detects this.
   Sulphuric Acid........   By acetate of baryta.  Precipitate white.
   .,   ,  ,                 f With phosphorus a milky instead of limpid solu-
       ol...............1    tion is formed.
                            A precipitation  occurs on adding a solution of
                              muriate of lime.
                            It should be capable of complete volatilization
                              by heat.
                          f The Gutta Ammoni'aci are white, clear, and dry.
                          i  The lump Ammoniacum, lapis Ammoniaci, is often
                          [   adulterated with common resin.
                            It ought to be entirely volatilized by a red heat.
                            Imparts a foliated texture, and is not vaporizable.
   .     .                  (A smell of garlic is emitted when thrown on live
  Arsemc...............{    coals, Ac?  _
                            Are  not vaporizable.
                            The solution  assumes a blue colour, when  super-
                              saturated with ammonia.  It may be suspected
                              when the salt deliquesces.
                          '  The adulteration with nitrate of potassa is easily
                             recognized by the fracture of a stick of it, which
                             is  radiated  when pure, and granular if adulte-
                             rated ;  or  by precipitating a solution of the
                              salts with a sufficient quantity of muriatic acid,
                             and evaporating  the clear liquor: the nitrate
                             of potassa or other salts will remain.
 .' Chalk  Sulphate of Lime, (^  volatizable b  neat.
    Sulphate of Baryta.    (                 '
  A mixture of Resin  and t
    some Volatile Oil, with <  Not  easily detected.
    Benzoin.              (^
 ' Chloride of Sodium.....   This disposes it to deliquesce.
                          (  Digest in acetic acid, and add a solution of sul
  Red Lead.............<   phuret of ammonia — a dark-coloured precipi-
                          (   tate will be produced.
  A mixture of dried blood, f
    gum  ammoniac, and a |
    little real castor, stuffed -j Smell and taste will generally detect the fraud.
    into  the scrotum  of a
    goat.                  (
  Earth or Peasmeal.....j May be susPect^ when the cake is brittle and
                          (   colour grayish.
  ftes{n # _              #   f Put  it iQ cold alcohol, whicb will dissolve the
                       *" (   resin, without acting on the wax.
                          (Is known by the greater softness and unctuosity
  Tallow ...............<   and its smell when melted.  Turmeric is gene
                          (   rally added in this case to obviate the paleness
j White Lead........... Melt the wax, the oxide will subside.
( Tallow ............... The cake has not its ordinary translucency.
f This is variously adulte- f „     ,,-,..,,
J  rated, but generally with Can ™l? be detected by practice, and examining
I  the   Carthagena  and)   lnt°  *he 1uantity  of quinia  or cinchonia  it
[  other inferior barks.    {   contalns-
  Pieces of dough  formed (
   in moulds, and'coloured-j Throw it into  water, the adulteration will appear.

                          The true is distinguishable from the false Colomba
                             by adding to an infusion of the root, a few drops
                             of  solution  of sulph. iron, which gives  to the
                             infusion of  the false Colomba a greenish black
                             colour; but produces no change in the other.
                          If it does not retain its spherical form when dropped
                             into water, its adulteration may be inferred.
                          Mix  one part of strong liquid ammonia of 22°,
                             with three parts of copaiba.  If pure, the mix-
                             ture will, in a few minutes, become transparent;
                             if not, it will remain opake.
1 Fibres of smoked Beef..  Afforas an unpleasant odour when thrown  on
                    •'  "     live coals.
 Petals of the Calendula CT ,   .,       .     ...          ,  x,   V(r
   officinalis, and Cartha-\   „!!.t^.1?Pe.c™e.n.I°!?1ot water» and th<S  M*
   mus Tinctorius.
j j.muso iub specimen in not
j   rence will be perceptible. 
FALSIFICATION
373
FALSIFICATION
Medicines.
Adulterations.
Mode of Detection.
Cubeba.
Cubebs.

Cusparia Cortex.
Angustura Bark.


Guaiaci  Resina.
Resin of Guaiacum.
Hydrargyri  Chlo-
 ridum  Mite.
Calomel.
Hydrargyri   Oxr-
 dum Rubrum.
Red Precipitate.
Hydrargyri   Sul-
 phuretum Rubrum

Hydrargyri   Sul-
 phuretum Nigrum.

Iodine.

Jalapa Radix.
Jalap Root.
Magnesia.
Magnesia Subcar-
 bonas.
Carbonate of 3Iagne-
Manna.
Morphia et ejus
 Sales.
3Iorphia   and   its
 Salts.
Turkey  Yellow Berries, f
  or the dried fruit of the -J Detected by attentive examination.
  Rhamnus Catharticus. (_
False  Angustura
  times sold for it.
 f The epidermis of the true Cusparia is character
' i   ized by being covered with a matter resembling
 [  the rust of iron.
n        n  ■            f Detected by the turpentine  smell  emitted when
Common Resin.........<   .,           v  *    1
                        (   thrown upon hot coals.
                        f Add to the tincture a few drops of spirit of nitre,
3Ianchineel Gum.......■<   and dilute with water; the guaicum is precipi-
                        (_   tated—the adulteration floats in the white striae.
                        'A precipitation will be produced by the carbonate
                           of potass, from a solution made by boiling the
                           suspected sample with a small portion of mu-
                           riate of ammonia in  distilled water; or, the
                           presence of  deuto-chloride of mercury is  indi-
                           cated, by warming gently a small quantity of
                           calomel in alcohol, filtering  and  adding to the
                           clear liquor  some lime-water, by which a red-
                           dish yellow precipitate  is  afforded.  When
                           calomel is rubbed with a fixed alkali, it ought
                           to become intensely black, and not exhibit any
                           orange hue.
                         Digest in acetic acid: add sulphuret of ammonia,
                           which will produce a dark coloured precipitate
                           It should be totally volatilized by heat.
Corrosive Sublimate, and
  Subnitrate of Bismuth.
Red Lead,
n j r   j              J Digest in acetic acid, and add  sulphuret of am-
                           monia—a black precipitate will be produced.
r     Tf7  i.            J Throw a suspected portion on hot coals-
ivory mack,...........<   siduum will detect the fraud.
-the re-
Plumbago, Charcoal, and
  Oxide of 3Ianganese.

Bryony Root, spurious or
  false Jalap  Root,  and
  Liquorice Root.
Lime
Sulphyret of Lime.
Chalk
Gypsum...............

A factitious article, con-
  sisting  of  honey  or
  sugar, mixed toith scam-
  mony, is sometimes sold
 for it.
Moschus.
Mush
 Olea Destillata.
 Essential Oils.

'Oleum Ricini.
.Castor Oil.
("The tests of its purity are — that it is perfectly
■<    soluble in ether.  Heated on a piece of glass or
(   porcelain, it sublimes without residuum
f Bryony root is of a paler colour, and less compact
I    texture, and does not easily burn at the  flame
(   of a candle. Liquorice is detected by the taste.
! Detected by the solution in dilute sulphuric acid
    affording a precipitate with oxalate of ammonia.
  Gives off when  moistened, the smell of sulphu-
    retted hydrogen.
f Detected by adding dilute sulphuric acid to  the
■<    suspected substance, when, if chalk be present,
(   there will be a white insoluble precipitate.
f Boil in distilled  water, and test the  solution by a
(   barytic and oxalic reagent.


  The colour, weight, transparency and taste detect
    it.
Dried Blood.
 Asphaltum...........

[ Fine particles of Lead .
Fixed Oils

Alcohol ...
Olive or A Imond or Pop-
 py Oil.
  Morphia and its salts, when  placed in contact
    with  nitric acid, are coloured  red;  with  per-
    salts  of iron, blue.  They are perfectly soluble
    in warm alcohol, and acidulated warm water.
    When morphia is mixed with narcotina, the
    adulteration is ascertained by mixing them with
    sulphuric ether, which dissolves the  narcotina,
    without sensibly affecting the morphia.
  The bag must not appear to have been opened.
  This  may be suspected, if it emits a fetid smoke
    when inflamed.
  Discovered  by its melting and running, before it
    inflames.
  Rub with water. The metallic particles will subside
 ' Touch writing paper with it, and hold it before
(   the fire : fixed  oil leaves a stain of grease.
I Add water.   A milkiness and increase of tempe
{   rature occurs.
C Alcohol S. G. "820 will mix with  any proportion
■j   of  castor  oil, whilst  it dissolves very little of
[   the others. 
FALTRANCK             374            FARADISATION
Medicines.
Adulterations.
Mode  of Detection.
Opium.
POTASSII IODIDUM,
Iodide of Potassium.'
3Iannite.
Quinia Sulphas.
Sulphate of Quinia.

Strychnia et ejus [
  Sales.
Strychnia  and  its
  Salts.
Zinci Oxydum.      f Chalk.......
Flowers of Zinc.     \ White Lead ,
Extract  of  Liquorice,
  Bullets   and  Stones
  sometimes in it;  Ex-
  tract of Poppy, of Che-
  lidonium  majus;   G.
  Arabic, G. Tragdcanth,
  Linseed   Oil,   Cow's
  Dung.

Chlorides  of Potassium
  and Sodium, Nitrate of
  Potassa.
Brucia.
 The best opium  is covered with leaves and the
   reddish capsules of a species of Rumex.   The
   inferior kinds have capsules adherent. It is bad
   when soft and friable, when intensely black or
   mixed with many impurities, and when sweet.
   The quantity of morphia affords the best test.

' The adulteration is ascertained by precipitating a
   solution of the salt with nitrate of silver, and
   treating the precipitate with ammonia, which
   dissolves the chloride of silver, without acting
   upon the iodide of this metal.
 Leaves no residue when submitted to calcination:
   is perfectly soluble in  warm  alcohol, and in
   water slightly  acidulated with  sulphuric acid.

 They are free from brucia  when no colour is pro-
   duced by contact with nitric acid.

 Sulphuric acid excites an effervescence.
 Sulphuric acid forms an insoluble sulphate of lead,
   FALTRANCK, Falltranck.
   FALX.   Anatomists have given this name to
 several membranous reflections having the shape
 of a falx or scythe.
   Falx Cerebel'li, Falx  minor, Septum Cere-
 belli seu parvum occipita'le, Proces'sus falcifor'-
 mis Cerebel'li, (F.) Faux du cervelet, Septum mi-
 dian du cervelet, (Ch.), is a  triangular process of
 the dura mater opposite the internal occipital pro-
 tuberance.  Its base is attached to the middle of
 the tentorium, and its  top or apex bifurcates, to
 proceed to the sides of the foramen magnum.  Its
 convex surface is towards  the  cranium, and its
 concave in the fissure or groove, which separates
 the two lobes of the cerebellum.
   Falx Cer'ebri, F. major,  Ver'tical supe'rior
 longitu'dinal proe"ess, 31 ediastlnum cerebri, Sep-
 tum  Cerebri, (F.) Faux du  cerveau, Repli  longi-
 tudinal de la mininge, (Ch.), Proces'sus falcifor-
 mis dura matris.  The greatest process  of  the
 dura mater. It extends from the fore to the hind
 part of the skull,  on the median line ; is  broad
 behind and narrow before, and  is lodged in  the
 groove which  separates  the  hemispheres from
 each other—the interlobular fissure. At its supe-
 rior part is situated the longitudinal sinus  (supe-
 rior,) and at its lower, corresponding to the edge
 of the scythe, the inferior longitudinal sinus.  Its
 anterior extremity is attached to the crista galli;
 its posterior is  continuous  with  the  tentorium
 cerebelli, and contains the straight sinus.
   Falx Major, Falx cerebri — f. Minor, Falx
 cerebelli.
   Falx of the Peritone'um, Great, F.peritone'i
 max'ima, (F.) Grande faux du piritoine, Faux de
 la Veine Ombilicale, Falx of the umbilical vein,
 is a reflection  of the peritoneum, which  ascends
 from the umbilicus to the  anterior and  inferior
 surface of the liver.
   Falces  of  the Peritone'um, Lesser, Falces
 Peritone'imirlima, (F.) Petites faux du piritoine,
 are the lateral ligaments of  the liver and the re-
 flections which the peritoneum  forms, raised up
 by the umbilical arteries.
   Falx of the Umbilical Vein, Falx, great,
 of the  Peritoneum.
   FAME, Lancet.
  FAMEL'ICA FEBRIS, from fames, 'hunger.'
Fever  accompanied  with insatiable  hunger.__
Sylvius.
  FAMELICUS, Hungry.
  FAMES,  Hunger —f. Bovina,  Boulimia —f.
Canina, Boulimia.
  Fames Lupi'na, Lycorex'is, (F.) Faim de Loup.
Authors have described, under this name, a kind
of boulimia, or depravation of the digestive func-
tion, in which the patient eats voraciously, anil
passes his food, almost immediately afterwards,
per anum.
  FAMEX, Contusio.
  FAMIGERATIS'SIMUM  EMPLAS'TRUM,
from fiama, ' fame,' and gero,' I wear.' A plaster,
extolled in ague, and made of aromatic, irritating
substances.  It was applied to the wrist.
  FAMILIARICA SELLA,  Close stool.
  FAMILY DISEASES, see Hereditary.
  FAMIS, Contusio.
  FAMIX, Contusio.
  FANCULUM, Anethum.
  FANCY MARK, Nasvus.
  FANFECKLES, Ephelides.
  FANG, Radix.
  FANON (F.) from (G.) Fahne, 'a banner,'
'ensign,'  'standard.'   Fer'ula, Lec'tulus stra-
min'eus,  Thor'ulus  stramin'eus.   A  splint  of a
particular shape, employed in  fractures of the
thigh and leg to keep the bones in contact.
  The Fanons were divided into true and false.
  The true consists of a cylinder of straw, strongly
surrounded with a cord or  riband, in the centre
of which a stick is usually placed to ensure its
solidity.   The false consists  of a thick piece of
linen, made flat like a compress, and folded at
the extremities.  It was placed between the frac-
tured limb and the  true fianon.  The  Drap-fanon
is a largo piece of common cloth placed between
the fractured limb, in which the fanon or lateral
splints are rolled.
  FANTICKLES, Ephelides.
  FANT0M, Phantom, Phanto''ma,from tpavraapa,
'a spectre.'  (F.) Phantome, Fant6me. This word
has two acceptations.  It means the spectres and
images which  the imagination presents to  the
sick, when asV)ep or awake; and, also, the figure
called, also, 3lan'nikin, Man'ikin, and 3Ian'akin,
(F.) 3Iannequin, on which surgeons practice the ap-
plication of bandages, or the accoucheur the man-
ual part of midwifery,—Phanto'ma obstetric"inm.
  Fantom or Phantom Tumour is one that forms,
in the abdomen  for example, simulating organic
disease, and occasionally  exceedingly deceptive.
  FARADISATION, Far'adism; from Faraday,
the  celebrated physicist.  A term proposed by 
FARCIMEN
3 7-3
FASCIA
Ducbenne, of Boulogne, for electricity by induc-
tion.
  FARCTMEN, see Equinia.
  FARCI.MINALIS  MEMBRANA  seu  TU-
NICA, Allantois.
  FARCIN, see Equinia.
  FARCINUMA, Equinia.
  FARCTU'RA, Fart'ura; from farcire,faretum,
' to stuff.'  The operation of introducing medicinal
substances  into the cavities  of  animals  or of
fruits, which have been previously emptied.
  FARCTUS, Emphraxis.
  FARCY GLANDERS, see Equinia.
  PARI). Paint.
   FAR I) EAU. Mole.
   FARFARA. Tussilago—f. Bechium, Tussilago.
   FARK10ULE, Thymus.
   FARI'NA, Alphiton, Crimnon, Aleton, Aletl-
 ron, Ale'ma,  from far, 'corn,' or grain of any
 kind, of which it is made.  3feal or flour.  The
 powder,  obtained by grinding the seeds  of the
 gramineous,  leguminous,  and  cucurbitaceous
 plants in particular. It is highly nutritious and
 much  used, dietetically as well  as  medicinally.
 In the pharmacopoeias of  London, Edinburgh,
 and Dublin, Fari'na means wheat flour—Farina
 Tritiei.
   Leath's Alimen'tary Fari'na, or Homoeopath'ic
 Faiina'ceous Food,  is said to consist principally
 of wheat flour,  slightly  baked,  and  sweetened
 with sugar, together with  potato flour and a very
 small quantity of Indian  corn meal and tapioca.
   Farina Amygdalarum, see Amygdala.
   Farina, Compounded,  Baster's,  is said  to
 consist of wheat flour, sweetened with sugar.
   Farina, Nutritious,   Maidman's, is  said  to
 consist of potato flour, artificially coloured of a
 pink or rosy hue, the colouring matter being pro-
 bably  rose pink.
   Farina Trit'ici, wheaten flour;  F. Seca'lis,
 Rye flour or meal;  F. Hor'dei, Barley meal;  F.
 Ai-einlcea, Oat meal, Ac.   See Amylum.
   Farina Resolvent'es, (F.) Farines Risolu-
 tives.  This name was formerly given to  a mix-
 ture of the farina  of  four different plants;  the
 lupine, Lupinus  albus, the Ervum  Ervilia, the
  Vicia faba, and the Barley, Hordeum  distichum.
 They were recommended  to form cataplasms.
   FARINA'CEOUS, Farina'cats, Farino'sus,(F.)
 Farinaci, Farineux, 3lealy.  Having the appear-
 ance or nature of  farina.  A term  given to  all
 articles of food which  contain farina.  The term
 Farinacea includes all those substances, called
 cerealia, legumina, Ac, which contain farina, and
 are employed as nutriment.
   Hard's farinaceous food  is fine  wheat flour,
 which has been  subjected to some  heating pro-
 cess.  Braden's farinaceous food is said to  be
 wheat flour, baked.
   In Pathology, the epithet farinaceous, (F.)fa-
 rineux,*is applied to  certain eruptions, in which
 the epidermis exfoliates in small particles  similar
 to farina.
   Farinaceous  Food,  Braden's,  see  Farina-
 ceous—f. Food, Hard's, see Farinaceous—f. Food,
 homoeopathic, see Farinaceous.
   Farinaceous Food, Plumbe's, is said  to con-
 sist principally of  bean or pea flour,  most pro-
 bably  the former, with a little Tacca  arrowroot,
 some  potato  flour, and  a very little Maranta
 arrowroot.
   Farinaceous  Food, Prince Arthur's, for in-
 fants and invalids  of  all  ages, is said to  consist
 entirely of wheat- flour, slightly baked.
   FARINARIUM. Alica.
   FARINES RESOLUTIVES, Farinas  resol-
 ventes.
   FAR EXE UN,  Farinaceous.
   FARINOSUS, Farinaceous.
  FARMERY, Hospital.
  FARNTICKLES. Ephelides.
  FARRIER, Hippiater.
  FARSIGHTEDNESS, Presbytia.
  FART, Sax. Pant, from Teut. fahren, 'to go:'
—fart, 'a voyage.'  (G.)Furz.  Bdellus, Bdolus,
Bdelyg'mia, Bdelyg'mus. Bombus, Trulla, Porda,
Physa,  Physe,  Flatus,  Crep'itus, C. ventris, (F.)
Pet.  A sonorous  or  other  discharge of wind
from behind.   A low  word, but of  respectable
parentage.
  FARTURA, Farctura.
  FART US, Emphraxis.
  FAS'CIA, from fiascis,  'a bundle'  Liga'tio,
Ligatu'ra,  Alligattlra, Anades'mus,  Virlcula,
Spar'ganon, Epides'mos, Vinctu'ra.   A bandage,
fillet, roller, ligature.  The aponeurotic expan-
sions of muscles, which bind parts  together, are,
likewise, termed Fasciae.   See Taenia.
  Fascia  Aponeurotic  Femoris,  Fascia lata
aponeurosis — f. Capitalis, Bonnet  d'Hiqrpocrate,
Capelina—f.  Capitis,  Diadema—f.  Cooperi,  F.
Transversalis.
  Fascia, Crib'riform, F.  Cribrifar-'mis.  The
sieve-like  portion of  the  fascia  lata;  so  called
from its being pierced by numerous openings for
the passage of lymphatic vessels.
  Fascia  Denta'ta,  E\  D. Tari'ni, Corps go-
dronni of  Vicq  d'Azyr.  A band of  gray matter
seen beneath the taenia hippocampi on raising it
up, which runs along the inner  border of the
cornu ammonis.  It is, as it were, crenated  by
transverse furrows.
  Fascia  Digitalis, Gantelet—f. Diophthahnica,
Binoculus — f. Dividens,  Dividing  bandage — f.
Heliodori, T bandage.
   Fascia  Ili'aca,  Iliac aponeurosis.  An apo-
neurosis which  proceeds from the  tendon  of the
psoas minor,  or which arises from the anterior
surface  of  the  psoas  magnus, when the former
muscle does not exist.   It is attached, externally,
to  the inner edge of the crest of the ilium, below,
 and anteriorly — on one side, to the crural arch,
sending an expansion  to the fascia  transversalis ;
and  on the  other, continuous  with the  deep-
seated lamin'a of the fascia lata, which forms the
posterior paries of the crural canal.  Within and
behind, the fascia  iliaca is attached to the brim
 of  the pelvis, and is continuous with  the aponeu-
rosis, which M. Jules Cloquet has called Pelvian.
 The iliac aponeurosis  covers the iliac and psoas
 muscles, which  it separates from the peritoneum.
    Fascia Infundib'uliformis, a  funnel-shaped
 offset from the fascia transversalis, which is pro-
longed as a sheath upon the vas deferens and
 spermatic vessels  as they  pass out of the abdo-
 men.
   Fascia  Inguinalis,  Spica.
   Fascia  Lata.  A name given by anatomists
 to  an aponeurosis,  and to a muscle.
   Fascia  Lata Aponeurosis,  F.  aponenrot'ica
 fem'oris,  Yagi'na  fem'oris,  Crural or Fem'oral
 Aponeurosis, is  the most extensive in the body,
and  envelopes  all  the muscles  of  tbe  thigh.
Above, it is attached to the outer edge of the ilia:
 before, it arises from the crural  arch by two dis-
 tinct laminae, separated by the  femoral vessels,
 and becoming confounded a little below the part
 where  the great vena saphasna opens into the
 crural  vein.  Of  these two laminas, the  one is
 more anterior and  thicker than the other, and
 may be considered as a prolongation  of the
 aponeurosis of  the  external oblique.  It is inti-
 mately united to Poupart's ligament.  The other,
 which  is thinner,  is behind, and deeper seated,
 and, after its union with the former, proceeds to
 be inserted into the pubis.  Inferiorly, the fascia
 lata becomes confounded with the  tendon  of the
I triceps, and is attached to  the external tuberosity 
FASCI.E
376
FAT
of the tibia.  The use of the fascia lata, like that
of other aponeuroses, is to strengthen the action
of the muscles, Ac.
  Fascia Lata Muscle, Tensor  vagina fem'o-
ris, Fascia'Us,3Tembrano'sus, 3Ius'culns aponiuro'-
st's  seu fascia lata  seu fem'oris membrano'sus,
(F.) lUo-aponivrosi-fimoral,Ilio-aponivroti-fimo-
ral—(Ch.), Tenseur de Vaponivrose fimorale.   A
muscle, situate at the upper and outer part of
the thigh.  It arises, above, from  the  outer part
of the anterior and superior spine of the ilium;
and is inserted, below, between the two  laminas
of the fascia lata, which  it stretches  and raises
when it contracts.
  Fascia, Obturator, see Pelvic aponeuroses—
f.  Pelvic, Internal, see  Pelvic aponeuroses — f.
Pelvic, Lateral, see Pelvic aponeuroses — f. Pel-
vic, Superior, see Pelvic aponeuroses.
  Fascia Pro'pria.   A  layer of areolar tissue
derived from the sheath of the femoral vessels,—
or according  to some  from the cribriform fascia.
It is one of the coverings of femoral hernia, and
is  generally pretty dense  about the neck of the
hernia; but thin or even wanting on its fundus.
  Fascia Repens, Spica — f. Scapularis, Scapu-
lary—f. Sculteti, Bandage of separate strips — f.
Semicircularis. Tasnia semicircularis—f.  Spiralis,
Ascia — f. Stellata, Stella — f. Submuscular, see
Vaginal, (of  the eye.)
  Fascia, Subperitone'al,  Subperitone'al apo-
neuro'sis.  A thin tendinous layer on the outer
surface of the peritoneum.
  Fascia Superficia'lis, Superficial  aponeuro'-
sis of the  abdomen and thigh, (F.)  Aponivrose su-
perficielle lie labdomen et de la cuisse.   A very
thin aponeurosis, which  covers the muscles and
aponeuroses  of the abdomen ; passes  before the
crural arch, to which  it adheres with some degree
of force ; sends a membranous sheath, whiSh sur-
rounds the spermatic cord;  and is continuous
with the dartos, which it assists in forming.  The
fascia  superficialis  presents, beneath  the  crural
arch, very distinct fibres,  whose direction  is pa-
rallel to the fold of the thigh.  It is applied over
the fascia lata aponeurosis, and is attached, inter-
nally, to the ascending ramus of the ischium, near
the root of the corpus cavernosum.  Before the
descent of the  testicle from the abdomen, the
fascia  superficialis is  very manifestly continuous
with the Gubernaculum testis.
  Fascia Tformis, T. bandage—f. Tortilis, Tour-
niquet.
  Fascia Transversa'lis, F. Coop'eri.  An apo-
neurosis, which separates  the transversalis  mus-
cle from the  peritoneum in the inguinal region.
It arises above the posterior edge of the crural
arch, where it seems  to  be continuous with the
aponeurosis of the greater oblique muscle. Above,
it is lost in the areolar tissue at the internal sur-
face of the transversalis abdominis.  Within, it is
continuous with the outer edge of the tendon of
the rectus muscle and Gimbernat's ligament; be-
low, it is continuous with the aponeurosis of the
greater oblique, and receives an expansion from
the Fascia Iliaca. Towards its middle and a little
above the crural arch, the fascia transversalis has
the wide orifice of a  canal, which is occupied, in
the female, by the round ligament of the uterus;
and, in man,  furnishes an expansion,  that serves
as a sheath to the spermatic vessels.
  FASCLE,  Swathing clothes—f.  Coli, see Colon
—f. Ligamentosas Coli, see Colon.
  FASCIALIS, Fascia lata muscle, Sartorius—f.
Longus, Sartorius—f.  Sutorius, Sartorius.
  FASCIARUM  APPLICATIO, Deligation.
  FASCIATIO, Deligation, see Bandage—f. Cu-
cullata, Couvrechef.
  FASCICULI  CORTICALES,  Ferrein,  pyra-
mids of— f. Graciles, see Corpora restiformia.
   Fascic'uli Innomina'ti.  Two large bundles
of fibres in the interior of the medulla oblongata,
behind the corpora  olivaria,  and more or less
apparent between those bodies and  the corpora
restiformia.  They ascend, and become apparent
in the fourth ventricle, under the name Fascic'uli
seu Proces'sus ter-'etes.
   Fasciculi, Median  Posterior, of the Me-
dulla Oblongata, Funiculi graciles — f. Muscur
lorum, see Muscular fibre — f.  Pyramidales, Fer-
rein, Pyramids of—f. Teretes, Processus ttrctcs,
see Fasciculi innominati — f. Teretes cordis, Co-
lumnas carneas.
  FASCICULUS, Phaeel'lus,  Pha'celus, Fas'-
cicle,  diminutive of fiascis,  ' a bundle;'  Desme'-
dion,  ' a small bundle.'   In Anatomy, it is em-
ployed in this sense;  as  "a fasciculus of fibres."
(F.) Fascicule, Faisceau OU Petit Faisceau, Trous-
seau.   In Pharmacy,  it means manip'ulus, Chei-
rople'thes, ^etporrXrj^ns, ' a handful.'  Musa Dras-
savolus says, — as much as can be  held in two
fingers.
 • Fasciculus Cuneatus, Reinforcement, fascicu-
lus of—f. of Reinforcement, Reinforcement, F. of.
  Fascic'ulus  Uncina'tus.   A  white bundle,
seen on the lateral aspect  of the cerebral hemi-
spheres,  passing across the bottom of the fissure
of Sylvius, and connecting the anterior with the
middle and posterior lobes.  The fibres  of this
fasciculus expand at each extremity, and the su-
perficial  portions of them  curve or hook sharply
between  the contiguous parts of the anterior and
middle lobes, whence the epithet 'uncinatus.'
  FASCINOSUS, Membrosus.
  FASCINUM, Penis.
  FASCIOLA, Bandelette —f.  Cinerea, Tubercu-
lum cinereum — f. Hepatica, Distoma  hepaticum
—f. Humana, Distoma hepaticum—f. Lanceolata,
Distoma hepaticum.
  FASELUS, Phaseolus vulgaris.
  FASEOLE,  Phaseolus.
  FASTID'IUM,  abridged  from fatis  tadium.
Fastidiousness, Squeatnishness, or the condition
of a stomach that is really affected with nausea.
  Fastidium  Cibi, Asitia,  Disgust —f.  Potus,
Loathing of drink.
  FASTIGIUM, Acme.
  FASTING, from Sax. paeptan, Limo'sis expert
protrac'ta, Anorex'ia mirab'ilis, Ine'dia, Jeju'-
uium.  Loss  or want of appetite,  without  any
other  apparent affection of the stomach; so that
the system  can sustain  almost total abstinence
for a  long time without faintness.   Some won-
derful cases of this kind are on record.  See Ab-
stinence.
  FAT, Pingue'do, Pim'ele,  Piar, Pielron, Li-
pos, Stear, Aeleps, Sevum, Sebum, Corpus adipo'-
sum,  Axun'gia,  Fat, (F.)  Graisse:  from  (G.)
Fett, (Sax.)  pat;.  A  soft, white, animal  sub-
stance; inodorous; insipid;  oily;  inflammable,
easy to melt; spoiling in the air, and be'eoming
rancid by union  with oxygen : almost insoluble
in  alcohol; insoluble  in water; soluble in fixed
oils.  lat is formed of the immediate principles,
stearin, margarin, and olein or elain, all of which
are regarded as salts composed of stearic, mar-
garic  and  oleic acids, and a  common base, to
which, from its sweetish taste, the name Glye"erin
Glyceri'na, Glyceri'num,  (F.) Glycirine has been
given.  To these  are, almost always, joined an
odorous and a colouring principle. Glycerin. 6%-
ceri'na, has been introduced into the last edition
of the Pharmacopoeia of the U. S. (1851), in which
it is directed to be prepared  as follows : — Lead
plaster, recently prepared and yet fluid; boiling
water, of each a gallon ;  mix : stir briskly for 15
minutes; allow it to cool and pour off  the liquid.
Evaporate  until it has  the s.  g. 1.15, and  pass
slowly through it a current of sulpho-hydric acid 
FATIGATIO               37
until a  black precipitate is no  longer thrown
down.   Filter and boil until  the sulpho-hydric
acid is driven off, and  evaporate  the liquid until
it ceases to lose weight.  Glycerin is a colourless
or straw-coloured syrupy fluid; s. g. 1.25.  It is
soluble  in water and in alcohol, but not in  ether.
It is used in the form of lotion, composed of half
an ounce to ten fluidounces of water, in cutaneous
diseases, as psoriasis, pityriasis, lepra and ichthy-
osis.  It forms a kind of varnish, and might be
useful in cases of burns.
   Fat is found in a number of animal tissues,  and
is very abundant in  the  neighborhood of  the
kidneys and in the epiploon.   It is generally fluid
in the cetacea; soft, and of  a strong smell  in the
carnivora; solid, and inodorous in the ruminat-
ing animal;  white, and abundant in young  ani-
 mals ; and yellowish in old.  It  generally  forms
 about a twentieth part of the weight of the human
 body.   The fat, considered physiologically,  has,
 for its function, to protect the organs; maintain
 their temperature;  and to  serve  for nutrition in
 case of  need; as is observed in torpid animals.
   Fat,  Corpulent—f.  Cells,  Fatty vesicles.
   Fat,  Mackaw, see  Cocos  butyracea.
   FATIGATIO, Copos.
   FATIGUE, Copos.
   FATTY, Adipo'sus, Adipa'tus,  Pimel'icus,  Pi-
 melo'des,  Liparo'des, Lip'arus,  Sax. F3et;  past
 participle of petsan, to feed, Ad'ipous, Pinguid,
 Pinguid'inous.   Relating to fat.  Resembling or
 containing fat.   The cellular membrane has been
 called fatty or adipous; from an  opinion that, in
 its areolae,  the fat is deposited.  The areolar
 membrane, however,  merely lodges, between its
 lamellae and filaments, the  vesicles in  which the
 fat is contained.
   Fatty  Lig'ament,  Ad'ipous  ligament.   This
 name has been given to  a reflection of the syno-
 vial membrane of the knee joint, which passes
 from the ligamentum  patellae  towards the  cavity
 that separates the condyles  of the femur.
   Fatty  Membrane, Ad'ipous membrane, Adi-
 pous tissue.  The subcutaneous areolar tissue, or
 that containing the fatty or  adipous vesicles.
   Fatty  Ves'icles,  Sac'culi adipo'si, Ad'ipous
 vesicles, Fat  cells.  This name is given to small
 bursas or membranous vesicles which  enclose the
 fat, and are found  situate  in the areolae of the
 areolar  tissue.   These vesicles  vary  much in
 size.  Generally, they are   round and globular;
 and, in  certain subjects, receive vessels which are
 very apparent.  They form so many small  sacs
 without apertures,  in  the interior of  which are
 filaments arranged like septa.   In fatty subjects,
 the adipous  vesicles are very perceptible,  being
 attached  to the areolar  tissue and neighbouring
 parts by a vascular pedicle.  Raspail affirms  that
 there is the  most striking analogy between the
 nature  of the adipose granules and that  of the
 amylaceous grains.
   Fatty Vessels, Ad'ipous vessels.  The vessels
 connected with the fat.  Some anatomists have
 called Adipous canals, (F.) Conduits adipeux, the
 vessels  to which they attribute the secretion  of fat.
   Fatty Degeneration  of the Liver, Adiposis
 hepatica—f. Liver, Adiposis hepatica.
   FA TUISME, Fatuitas.
   FATUTTAS. 3Ioro'sis, Stultil'ia, Stupor mem-
 tit>. Amen'tia ; (F.) Fatuisme, Fatuiti, from fatttus,
 'foolish.'   Mental  imbecility.   Idiotism.   De-
mentia.   One affected with fatuity is  said to be
faluous,  (Sc.) Dawpit.
   FATUITAS ALPICOLARUM, Cretinism  —f.
Convallinus, Cretinism.
   FATUOUS, see Fatuity.
   FAUCES. Isthmus, Pharynx, Throat.
   FAUCETTE  VOICE,  see Voice.
   FAUNO'RUM  LUDIB'RIA.   The  sports of
FEBRIS
the Fauni.  Some authors have  called thus the
incubus;  others,  epilepsy.
   FAUQUIER SPRINGS, see Virginia, Mine-
ral Waters of.
   FAUSSE, False—/.  Conception, Conception,

   FAUSSE COUCHE (F.), Vanum partu'rium.
Some authors have used  this term for the expul-
sion of different bodies constituting false concep-
tions ;  such  as moles, hydatids,  clots  of blood,
Ac' Most  accoucheurs  use the term  synony-
mously with abortion.
   FAUSSE GROSSESSE, Pregnancy, false —
/.  3Iembrane,  Membrane,  false—/.  Pleuresie,
Pleurisy,  false —/. Pneumonie,  Peripneumonia
notha.
   FAUSSE POSITION  (F.),  False position.
The French use this term, in vulgar language, to
indicate any attitude in which torpor, tingling,
and loss of power over the motion of a part, are
produced by too strong contraction  or  painful
compression.
   FAUSSERHABARBE, Thalictron—f. Route,
False passage—f. Variole, Varicella.
   FAUSTI'NI  PASTLL'LI,  Faustinus's Lo-
zenges.   These were once celebrated.   They were
composed of burnt paper, quicklime, oxide of ar-
senic, sandarach, lentils,  Ac.
   FAUX, False—/.  du  Cerveau, Falx cerebri —
/. du Cervelet, Falx cerebelli—-f.  Gerrne, Concep-
tion, false —f. Grande du piritoine, Falx, great,
of the peritoneum—/. Petite du  piritoine, Falx,
lesser, of the peritoneum—fi. de la  Veine ombili-
cale, Falx, great, of the peritoneum.
   FAVEUX, Favosus.
   FAVIFORMIS, Favosus.
   FAVO'SUS.  Similar  to a honeycomb.  Favi-
forrrlis,  Favous,  from favus,  cerion, 'a  honey-
comb.'   (F.) Faveux.  An epithet given to a spe-
cies of porrigo.   Cerion, Kerion, Favus; means
also a state of ulceration, resembling  a  honey-
comb.
   FA'VULUS ; diminutive of favus,  ' a honey-
comb.'  Favuli is used by Dr.  Morton, of Phila-
delphia, for the honeycomb-like depressions in the
lining  membrane  of the  stomach — the stomach-
cells of Messrs. Todd and Bowman.
   FAVUS, Porrigo, Porrigo favosa, see Favosus
— f. Confertus, Porrigo scutulata — f.  Dispersus,
Porrigo lupinosa—f. Dissimini, Porrigo lupinosa
—f. en  Groupes, Porrigo  scutulata.
   FAXWAX, see Nucha.
   FEABERRY,  Ribes uva crispa.
   FEATHERFEW, Matricaria.
   FEBRIC'ITANS,  Feb'riens,  Emp'yros, (F.)
Fibricitarrt.  One attacked with  fever; from fe-
bric.itare, ' to have a fever.'
   FEBRICITATIO,  Feverishness.
   FEBRICOSUS, Feverish.
   FEBRICULA, Fe'veret, (F.)  Fibrieule.  Di-
minutive  of febris, 'fever.'  A  term  employed to
express a slight degree of fever.  Ephemera.
   FEBRICULOSITY, Feverishness.
   FEBRIENS, Febricitans, Feverish.
   FEBRIFACIENT, see Feverish.
   FEBRIF'EROUS,  Feb'rifier, from febris, 'fe-
ver,' and fero,  ' I carry.'  Fever-bearing, as a
febrrferons locality.
   FEBRIFIC, see Feverish.
   FEB'RIFUGE,  Lexipyret'icus,  Lexipyr'etus,
Pyrelicus, Alexipyret'icus,  Antifebri'lis, Antipy-
relic,  Febrifugus, from febris,  ' a fever/  and
fugare, 'to drive away.'   A medicine which pos-
sesses  the property of abating or driving  away
fever.
   FEBRIFUGUM LIGNUM, Quassia.
   FE'BRILE, Febri'lis,  Pyrelicus.   Relating to
fever,  as febrile movement, febrile pulse, Ac.
   FEBRIS, Fever —f. Acmastica, Synocha —f. 
FEBRIS                  378                FEBRIS
Acuta, Synocha—f. Acuta continua, Synocha—f.
Adeno-meningea,  Fever,  adeno-meningeal—f.
Adeno-nervosa, Plague—f. Africana, Fever, Afri-
can—f. Agrypnodes, see Agrypnodes and Agryp-
nos—f. Alba, Chlorosis—f. Algida. see Algidus—
f.  Amatoria, Chlorosis,  Hectic fever — f. Ame-
ricana, Fever, yellow—f. Amphemera, Quotidian
— f. Amphimerina hectica, Hectic fever—f. Am-
phimerina latica, Latica (febris) — f. Ampullosa,
Pemphigus — f. Anabatica, Continued fever — f.
Angiotenica,  Synocha—f.  Anginosa,   Angina
— f. Annua, see  Annual diseases — f. Anomala,
Fever, anomalous — f. Aphonica, Fever, aphonic
— f. Aphthosa, Aphtha — f. Apoplectica, Fever,
apoplectic—f. Ardens, Synocha—f. Arte promota,
Fever, artificial—f. Arthritica,  Gout — f. Asodes,
Fever, bilious, see Asodes—f. Assidua, Continued
fever—f. Asthenica, Fever,  asthenic,  Typhus —
f. Asthmatica, Fever, asthmatic—f. Ataxo-adyna-
mica, Fever, ataxo-adynamic—f. Azodes, see Aso-
des—f. Biliosa, Fever, bilious — f. Bullosa, Pem-
phigus— f. Cardialgia, Fever, cardialgic — f. Ca-
tarrhalis, Catarrh — f. Catarrhalis epidemica, In-
fluenza— f. Caumatodes, Synocha — f. Causodes,
Synocha—f. Cephalalgia, Fever, cephalalgic—f.
Cephalica, Fever, cephalic—f.  Cholepyretica, Fe-
ver, bilious — f. Cholerica, Fever, bilious, Fever,
choleric—f. Chronica,  Fever,  chronic—f.  Coal-
terna, see Coalternos febres—f. Colliquativa, Fe-
ver, colliquative — f. Comatodes, Fever, apoplec-
tic— f. Communicans,  see  Subintrantes F. — f.
Confusa,  see Confusas febres — f. Continens, Ty-
phus— f.  Continens non  putrida,  Synocha — f.
Continens putrida, Typhus — f. Continua inflam-
matoria, Empresma—f.  Continua putrida, Syno-
chus—f. Continua putrida icterodes  Caroliniensis,
Fever, yellow — f. Continua non putris, Synocha
—f. Continua sanguinea, Synocha—f. Convulsiva,
Fever, convulsive—T. Cry modes, see  Crymodes,
and Algid  fever—f. Culicularis, Miliary fever—f.
cum Delirio, Fever, delirious — f.  Depuratoria,
Fever, depuratory—f. Deurens, Synocha,—f. Di-
aphoretica, Fever, diaphoretic  — f. Diaria, Ephe-
mera—f. Duodecimana, Fever, duodecimane — f.
Dysenterica, Dysentery—f. Elodes,  see  Elodes—
f. Elodes icterodes, Fever, yellow — f. Enterica,
 see Typhus — f. Enteromesenterica, Entero-me-
 senteric — f. Epacmastica, see Epacmasticos — f.
 Ephemera, Ephemera—f. Epidemica cum angina,
 Cynanche maligna—f. Epileptica, Fever, epileptic
 •—f. Erotica, Fever, erotic—f. Erratica, Fever, ano-
 malous, Fever, erratic, see Erratic  and Planetes
 —f. Erronea, see Planetes—f.  Erysipelacea, Ery-
 sipelas—f. Erysipelatosa, Erysipelas—f. Esserosa,
 Miliary fever — f. Exquisita, Fever, regular — f.
 Exanthematica articularis, Dengue—f. Famelica,
 see Famelica Febris—f. Fiava, Fever, yellow—f.
 Fiava Americanorum, Fever, yellow—f. Gangrae-
 nodes, Fever, gangrenous—f. Gastrica, Fever, bi-
 lious, Fever, gastric — f. Gastrico-biliosa, Fever,
 gastric—f. Gastro-adynamica,  Fever, gastro-ady-
 namic — f. Hasmoptoica,  Fever,  hasmoptoic — f.
 Hebdomadana, Octana — f.  Hectica, Hectic fever
 — f.  Hectica  infantum,  Tabes  mesenterica — f.
 Hectica  maligna nervosa, Typhus mitior—f. He-
 meresia, Quotidian—f. Hemitritsea,  Hemitritasa—
 f. Hepatica, Fever, bilious — f. Hepatica inflam-
 matoria, Hepatitis—f.  Horrifica, see Algidus—f.
 Horrida, see Algidus — f. Humoralis, Fever, hu-
 moral—f. Hungarica, Fever, Ilungaric—f. Hydro-
 cephaly,  Hydrocephalus internus — f. Hydro-
 phobica, Fever,  hydrophobic—f. Hysteretica, see
 Postpositio—f. Hysterica, Fever, hysteric—f. Ic-
 terica, Fever, icteric—f. Iliaca  inflammatoria, En-
 teritis— f. Infantum reraittens, Fever,  infantile
 remittent—f. Inflammatoria,  Synocha—f. Inten-
 sio, Epitasis—f.  Intermittens,  intermittent fever
 —f. Intermittens cephalica larvata, Cephalalgia
 periodica—f. Iutestinalis  ulcerosa,  see Typhus—
f. Intestinorum, Enteritis—f. Irregularis, Fever
anomalous — f. Lactea, Fever, milk — f. Larvata,
Fever, masked—f. Lenta, Fever,  infantile remit«
tent, Hectic fever, Synochus — f. Lenta nervosa,
Typhus mitior, Fever, nervous — f. Lenticularis,
Miliary fever—f. Lethargica, Fever, apoplectic—
f. Lochialis, Fever, lochial—f. Lygmodes, Fever,
singultous — f. Lyngodes, Fever, singultous — f.
Maligna,  Fever,  malignant — f. Maligna biliosa
Americas, Fever, yellow—f. Maligna cura Sopore,
Typhus — f.  Maligna  flava  Indias occidentalis,
Fever, yellow—f. Marasmodes, Hectic fever, Ma-
rasmopyra—f. Meningo-gastricus, Fever,  gastric
—f. Mesenterica, Fever, adeno-meningeal, Fever,
mesenteric—f.  Methemerina, Quotidian—f. Mili-
aris, Miliary fever—f. Minuta, Fever, syncopal—
f. Morbillosa, Rubeola—f. Mucosa, Fever, adeno-
meningeal— f. Mucosa  verminosa, Fever, infan-
tile remittent — f. Nautica pestilentialis, Typhus
gravior—f. Nephritica, Fever, nephritic—f. Ner-
vosa, Fever, nervous — f. Nervosa enterica,  see
Typhus—f. Nervosa epidemica, Typhus—f. Ner-
vosa  exanthematica, Typhus — f. Nervosa  gas-
trica, see Typhus — f. Nervosa mesenterica,  see
Typhus—f. Nervosa petechialis, Typhus—f. Neu-
rodes, Fever, nervous—f. Nocturnus,  see Noctur-
nal— f. Nonana, Fever, nonane — f.  Nosocomio-
rum, Typhus gravior—f. Nycterinus,  see Noctur-
nal—f. Octana, Fever, octane—f. Oscitans, Osci-
tant  fever — f. Paludosa, see Elodes — f. Pan-
nonica,  Fever,   Hungary — f.  Pemphigodes,
Pemphigus — f. Pemphingodes,  Pemphigus — f.
Pempta, Quintan—f. Periodica,  Fever, periodic
— f. Perniciosa, Fever,  pernicious —  f. Pestilens,
Plague — f. Pestilens maligna, Typhus gravior
— f. Pestilentialis,  Fever, pestilential — f. Pesti-
lentialis Europas, Typhus gravior—f.  Petechialis,
Typhus gravior — f. Phtbisica, Hectie fever —f.
Planetes, see Planetes—f. Pleuritica, Pleuritis—f.
Podagrica, Gout—f. Polycholica, Fever, bilious—
f. Pneuinonica, Fever, pneumonic, Pneumonia —
f. Puerperalis biliosa, Metrocholosis — f. Puerpe-
rarum, Puerperal fever — f. Puncticularis, Mili-
ary fever, Typhus gravior—f. Puerperalis, Fever,
puerperal — f.  Purpurate rubra et alba miliaris,
Miliary fever—f. Purulenta, Fever, purulent—f.
Putrida,  Typhus gravior — f. Putrida nervosa,
Typhus mitior — f. Quartana, Quartan — f. Quer-
quera, see Algidus—f. Quinta, Quintan—f. Quin-
tana,  Fever,  quintan,  Quintan—f.  Quotidiana,
Fever, quotidian, Quotidian—f. Regularis, Fever,
regular — f. Remittens,  Remittent fever — f. Re-
mittens infantum, Fever, infantile remittent — f.
Rheumatica inflammatoria, Rheumatism, acute—
f. Rubra, Scarlatina—f.  Rubra pruriginosa, Urti-
caria—f. Sanguinea, Synocha—f. Sapropyra, Ty-
phus  gravior — f. Scarlatinosa,  Scarlatina — f.
Scorbutica, Fever,  scorbutic — f. Semitertiana,
Hemitritsea — f. Septana, Fever, septan — f. Ses-
quialtera, Hemitritasa—f. Sextana, Fever, sextan
—f. Simplex,  Ephemera, Fever,  simple—f. Sin-
gultosa, Fever, singultous — f.  Soporosa, Fever,
apoplectic — f.  Stercoralis, Fever, stercoral — f.
Sthenica, Synocha — f.  Stomachica  inflammato-
ria,  Gastritis—f. Subintrans, Fever, subintrant—
f. Sudatoria,  Fever,  diaphoretic, Hydropyretus,
Sudor anglieus—f. Syncopalis, Fever, syncopal—
f. Syphilitica, Fever,  syphilitic—f. Tabida, Fever,
colliquative,  Hectic  fever — f. Tertiana, Fever,
tertian,  Tertian fever — f.  Tonica, Synocha — f.
Topica, Neuralgia, facial—f. Toxica, Fever, yel-
low— f.  Tragica, Fever, tragic — f.  Traumatica,
Fever, traumatic—f. Tropica, Fever, yellow—f.
Typhodes, Typhus—f. Urticata, Urticaria—f. Ute-
rina, Metritis—f. Vaga, Fever, anomalous, see Pla-
netes—f. Variolosa, Variola—f. Verminosa, Fever,
infantile remittent, F. verminous, Helminthopyra
—f. Vernalis, Fever, vernal—f. Vesicularis, Mili-
i ary Fever,  Pemphigus — f. Virginum, Chlorosis. 
FEBRUA                379        FEIGNED DISEASES
  FEB'RUA, from februo,' I purge.'  In ancient
mythology, a goddess who presided over men-
struation.
  l'KCAL, Stercoraceous.
  FECES, Faeces.
  FfiCOXDATIOX, Fecundation.
  FECONDITE, Fecundity.
  FEC'ULA, Fa'cula, diminutive of fax, facis,
'lee.'   An immediate  principle of  vegetables,
composed  of hydrogen, oxygen, and carbon.  It
exists in several  plants, and has different names,
according  to that which furnishes it. (F.) Ficule,
Amydoli.  When extracted from wheat or barley,
it is called starch, Am'ylum.   When from Cycas
circina'lis, Sago; — from Orchis  mo'rio, Salep.
We  say,  also,  Fecula of the Potato,  Bryony,
Arum, 3lanioc, Ac.
   Fecula, Green.  This name is given to a green,
<olid  matter,  of variable  character, which  is be-
lieved to be resinous, and which renders turbid
several kinds of juices, extracted from vegetables.
It is also called Chlorophyll.
   Fecula  Amylacea, Amylum — f.  Marantas,
Arrow-root—f. Tapioka, see Jatropha manihot.
   FECULE, Fecula.
   FECULENCE,  Faculcn'tia, Facos'itas, Fax,
plural Faces, Lemma, Lee, Depos'it, Dregs.   In
Pharmacy, feculent, albuminous, or other sub-
stances, which are deposited from turbid fluids.
   FECULENT, Faculerltus, Hypolrygus, Tr-y-
go'dcs.  'Foul,  dreggy,  excrementitious;'  as a
feculent fluid, feculent evacuations, Ac
   FECUND, Fecun'dus, Facnrldus, (F.) Ficond.
Same etymon as  the next. Fruitful, prolific.
  FECUNDATION,  Facunda'tio,  Irnpregna'-
tion,  Impragna'tio,  Ingravida'tio,  Pragna'tio,
Gravida'tio, Pragna'tus, Fructifica'tio, Cye'sis,
Encye'sis, Encymo'sia, Procrea'tion,  (F.) Ficon-
dation.   The act by which, in organized beings,
the material furnished by the generative organs
of the female, unites with that prepared by those
of the male, so that a new being results.
  FECUN'DITY,  Eutoc'ia,  Facun'ditas,  Pro-
ductiv'itas. (F.) Ficonditi.  The faculty of repro-
duction,  possessed by organized bodies.
  It has  been estimated that, throughout a coun-
try, taking one marriage with another, not more
than 4 children are the result; and in towns only
35 children to 10 marriages.
  FEE, Pyschorages, Sostrum.
  FEET, BURNING OF THE.  A singular ca-
chectic disease, described by Mr. Malcolmson as
occurring in  India, the  prominent symptom of
which was a sense of  burning in the feet.
  FEGARITE, Cancer aquaticus,  Stomatitis,
pseudo-membranous.
  FEIGNED   DISEASES,  Morbi  dissimula'ti
seu simula'ti seu eela'ti seu infitia'ti seu pseuda'-
lei, Sim'ulated or Pretcud'ed diseases, (F.) 3Iala-
dies dissimulies  ou simulies ou fieintcs  ou suppo-
sies.   The  tricks  employed, by  impostors, to
induce a belief that they are attacked with dis-
eases when they are  not.   These are  generally
assumed by beggars to obtain alms: by criminals
to escape  punishment;  and by soldiers  to be
exempt from duty.
   The following table exhibits the chief feigned
diseases, with the means of  detection i
A TABLE  OF FEIGNED,  PRETENDED, SIMULATED, OR  EXCITED DISEASES OR
                                DISQUALIFICATIONS.
Diseases, Ac.
How Feigned.
How Detected.
1. Abortion.
2. Abstinence.

3. Amaurotic
  Blindness.
4. Apoplexy.
5. Cachexia, Ana-
mia, and Debility.

6.  Excretion  of
    Calculi.

7. Cancerous  Ul-
      cer.
8. Catalepsy.
9. Chorea.
10. Contraction of
  Joints in  Gene-
  ral
By staining the clothes and body
  with borrowed blood.
 By applying the extraot of bella-
   donna or datura stramonium to
   the eye.

 By falling  down as  if deprived of
   sensation and consciousness.
 Using substances to make the face
   appear pale and livid.  Indulging
   freely in wine, and privation of
   sleep prior to examination.
 Putting sand, pebbles, Ac, into the
   urine.
' By gluing on a portion of a spleen
   with the smooth side to the skin,
   leaving on the outside the  ap-
   pearance of an ulcerated surface.

 By seeming to be suddenly motion-
   less, the joints remaining flexible,
   and external objects making no
   impression.
By assuming the convulsive motions
  of a part which characterize cho-
  rea.
By constant and minute attention.
Amaurosis is characterized by dila-
  ted pupil.  Where  these  sub-
  stances  have  been applied, the
  effects will go off in ten days or a
  fortnight.
By powerful stimulants; an electric
  shock ; application of hot water,
  sternutatories, actual cautery, Ac
By examining if the pulse be strong,
  and the  skin  hot, and whether
  there  be  loss  of appetite or of
  strength, or swelling of the limbs.
By the aid of chymistry.  We are
  acquainted  with the  chymieal
  composition of urinary calculi.
By noticing whether there be signs
  of cachexia, and by attentive ex-
  amination of the part.
By powerful stimulants, as recom-
  mended under apoplexy.  Letting
  fall a drop of boiling water on the
  back.   Proposing to  use  the ac-
  tual cautery, and seeing whether
  the pulse rises.
By examining the patient whilst he
  may imagine himself unobserved,
  and seeing whether  the  convul-
  sive motions go on.  By anaes-
  thetics. (?)
Mode of discrimination sometimes
  so obscure as to deceive the most
  practised and attentive. 
FEIGNED  DISEASES        380        FEIGNED  DISEASES
Diseases, Ac.
How Feigned.
How Detected.
11. Contraction of
  the Fingers.
12. Convulsions.
13. Opake Cornea.
'A. Cutaneous Dis-
  eases
15.Deaf-Dumbness.
16. Deafness.
17. Death.

18.   Debility,   see
  Cachexia.

19. Deformity.
20. Delivery.
21. Diarrhcea.
22. Dropsy.
23. Dysentery.
Produced  by the application of a f
  strong acid, by acrid powders, as
  quicklime, Ac.
Some articles of diet will bring on
  urticaria or nettle-rash, in parti-
  cular  individuals,  as  shell-fish,
  bitter almonds, Ac  By acrids,
  acids, or any  irritants  applied to
  the surface.   An ointment of tar-
  tarized antimony causes a painful
  pustular eruption.   See  Porrigo,
  in this list.
It may be  assumed or excited by
  putting a pea in the ear, or by
  inserting irritants, so as to induce
  inflammation and temporary loss
  of function.


Some persons possess  the power of
  suspending or moderating the ac-
  tion of the heart.
After enlargement produced artifi-
  cially, a subsidence of the tume-
  faction : the parts being moisten-
  ed by borrowed blood, and the
  child  of another substituted as
  the female's own.
Said to have been caused by a mix-
  ture of vinegar and burnt cork. (?)
  May be occasioned by the use of
  any of the purgative roots, Ac.
May be feigned, like pregnancy, by
  wearing  pads.  Tbe anasarcous
  condition of the lower limbs has
  been caused by applying a liga-
  ture round  them.  By  inflating
  the cellular membrane of the ab-
  domen.
May be feigned, like  diarrhcea, by
  adding a little blood to  the  eva-
  cuations, or by introducing a soap
  or some more  irritating supposi-
  tory.
Introduce a cord between  the fin-
  gers and the palm  of the hand,
  and gradually apply weights so
  as to expand the fingers.  Confine
  him so that he cannot obtain his
  food without using  his clenched
  hand.
When feigned, they do not present
  the rigidity of muscles or the ra-
  pidity of action  which  characte-
  rize the real.  The  mode of de-
  tection must be the same as in
  epilepsy.

The existence of the opacity can be
  detected by attentive observation.
By careful examination on the part
  of practitioner and nurse.
The really deaf and dumb acquire
  an expression of countenance and
  gestures which it  is difficult to
  assume.
Make a noise when  not  expected,
  and see if the countenance varies
  or pulse rises.  Put to sleep by
  opium, and then fire a pistol close
  to the ear, when  he may  be
  thrown off his  guard.  Examine
  the ear to see  if any  trick has
  been played there.
If suspected, the plan recommended
  under  apoplexy will  be  found
  most efficacious.
Examine the part and its articula-
  tion, naked, and compare it with
  the opposite.
Can only be positively detected by
  examination parvaginam.   Soon
  after delivery, the vagina will be
  relaxed and the lochial discharge
  be flowing in greater abundance,
  the shorter  the time that may
  have elapsed since delivery.
When diarrhcea is feigned  by the
  lower classes, inspect tbe  linen;
  if clean, the bowels are probably
  not much  out of order. Let every
  individual have a close stool of
  his own ; and inspect the evacua-
  tions, taking care that one suffer-
  ing under the disease does not
  lend his evacuations to another. I

Can be  detected by  attentive exa-
  mination.   There will be a want
  of  that  lcucophlegmatic  habit
  which accompanies and  charac-
  terizes dropsy.
Same rules as under diarrhcea. 
FEIGNED DISEASES         381        FEIGNED  DISEASES
Diseases, Ac.
How Feigned.
How Detected.
24. Epilepsy.
25. Fever.
26. Fistula in Ano.
27. Fractures.
28. Hamatemesis.
29. Hamoptysis.
30. Hamorrhoids.

31. Heart,Diseases
  of,  see  Palpita-
32. Hepatitis.
33. Hernia.

34. Hydrocele.
35. Hydrocepha-
  lus.
36. Hysteria.
37. Insanity.
33. Jaundice.
The foaming of the mouth has been
  produced by keeping a piece of
  soap in it.
By various stimulants,  as  wine,
  brandy,  pepper;  swallowing  a
  small quantity of tobacco, or in-
  troducing it into the anus.  Flour
  or chalk used  to  whiten  the
  tongue.  Redness of skin, caused
  by friction with a hard brush.

By making an incision  near the
  verge of the anus, and introducing
  into  it an acrid tent, such as the
  root  of white hellebore,  Ac.
There is generally nothing but the
  man's own  testimony.  He com-
  plains of pain in the part; if frac-
  ture  of the  skull be feigned, he
  states, perhaps, that he becomes
  deranged on tasting liquor. *
By drinking the blood of some ani-
  mal,  or using some  coloured li-
  quid, and then throwing it up.
By secreting bullock's blood for the
  purpose  of colouring the saliva;
  making  small  incisions in the
  mouth ;  using bole armeniac or
  paint of vermilion.
By introducing bladders of rats or of
  small fish partly into the rectum.
The linen has also been  stained
   with borrowed blood.
  In the same manner as hydrocele;
(    —by inflation.                  1
f By puncturing the skin of tbe scro- f
j    turn, and inflating the. cellular •
I   membrane.
  {By opening the integuments of the
    head, near the vertex, e. g. and ■
    blowing in air.
Sensation in epilepsy is totally abo-
  lished.  If any remain,  disease
  probably feigned. Incontractility
  of pupil, which occurs in epilepsy,
  cannot be  feigned.  Same means
  to be used as in feigned apoplexj.
This deceit is generally developed
  by a day  or two's examination.
  Where flour or chalk has  been
  used to whiten the tongue, the
  line of demarcation between the
  whitened  part  and  the clean,
  healthy margin of the tongue, is
  too well marked to escape obser-
  vation.
By careful examination.
By attentive examination.
By cutting off the supply of the fluid
  and careful examination.

Blood from the lungs is frothy and
  light-coloured. Mouth and fauces
  must be carefully inspected, and
  the individual be observed.
The means are obvious.
Unless the person be a well-educated
  impostor, acute inflammation of
  the liver will be detected by the
  absence of marks of  strong in-
  flammatory action.  Chronic liver
  disease is, frequently, not charac-
  terized  by  well-marked symp-
  toms, and hence, when assumed,
  is difficult of detection.
By colouring tbe skin with an infu-
  sion of turmeric  or tincture of
  rhubarb. Clay-coloured «f ooZn pro-
  duced  by taking daily a small
  quantity of muriatic acid.  High-
  coloured urine by rhubarb taken
  internally.
The detection is easy.
Do.
        Do.

Does not easily resist the applica-
  tion  of strong  sternutatories to
  the nostrils. Attentive examina-
  tion necessary.
The expression of countenance can-
  not easily be feigned.   Nor can
  the affection be kept up so long
  as in real mental alienation. The
  individual cannot do so long with-
  out food, sleep, Ac.
The  eyes cannot be coloured,  al
  though smoke  has been used  for
  this purpose.  The skin must be
  washed to remove the colouring
  matter if any exist, and the sup-
  ply of acid  and rhubarb be pre-
  vented. 
FEIGNED  DISEASES
382
FEIGNED  DISEASES
Diseases, Ac.
How Feigned.
How  Detected.
39. Lameness.
40. Menstruation.
41. Myofia.
  Short-Sightedness.
42. Ophthalmia.
43. Ozana.
44. Palpitation,
45. Pains.
46. Shaking Palsy.
47. Paralysis.
48.  Phthisis  Pul-
  monalis.
49. Polypus  Nasi.
50. Porrigo.
  Scalled Head.
51. Pregnancy.
52. Prolapsus Ani.
53. Prolapsus Ute-
  ri.
  By keeping the limb in a contracted
    state, and resisting any efforts to ■
    move it.

f By staining the clothes  and body
{   with borrowed biood.
Excited by a variety of acrid and
  corrosive substances  applied  to
  the eye; as lime, Ac.
A portion of black muslin, spread
  over the cornea.   The eyelashes
  are  sometimes  extracted,  and
  caustic applied to  excite disease
  in the palpebras.
By  impregnating a piece of sponge
  with some offensive juices or oils,
  mixed with decayed cheese, and
  putting the imbued sponge into
  the nostrils.
White  hellebore, given in the dose
  of 10 or 12 grains, and repeated,
  will  occasion general indisposi-
  tion, and undue action of the heart.
                                    I
  Individuals  with long necks and
    contracted shoulders have  simu-
    lated phthisis, by covering the
    chest with blisters,  cicatrices of
    issues, Ac, and by taking  drugs
    which cause paleness.
  By introducing the testicle of a
    young cock, or the  kidney of a
    rabbit, into  the  nostril, and re-
    taining  it there by  means of a
    sponge fastened to it.
  By applying nitric acid to the head,
    after  protecting  the face with
    fatty substances; but the chronic
    state  is imitated  by the use of
    depilatories of different kinds ap-
    plied sometimes  in  patches, so
    as to resemble the  Porrigo de-
    calvans.
  By wearing pads, and assuming the
    longing after  particular  articles
    of diet,  Ac.
  By a portion of the intestine of the ox,
   in which a sponge filled with a
   mixture of blood and milk is placed.

j  By a similar fraud.
By two persons  taking hold of the
  individual  and  moving rapidly
  along with him;  and when  they
  are  tired,  having relays.   The
  impostor will generally give in.

By cutting off the supply.

Present an open book,  and apply
  the leaves  close to the nose.  If
  it cannot be read distinctly, when
  thus  placed,  or  when  glasses
  proper for short-sightedness are
  nsed, the disease is feigned.
When ophthalmia is thus excited,
  its  progress  is  ordinarily very
  rapid, arriving at its height within
  a few hours.
Cut off the supply.


The detection is here often difficult.
  The non-existence of pain cannot
  be proved, and great pain may be
  present without any appearance
  externally.
The imposition is more frequently
  detected by  inconsistencies and
  contradictions  in the patient's
  history of the case, than in any
  other manner.
May be suspected, if the person be
  in  an  ordinary state of vigour.
  Try violent remedies and means,
  recommended under Chorea.
Violent remedies are here required.
  Cold  affusion,   actual  cautery,
  electric shocks, Ac.
By attentive  examination  of the
  symptoms.
By the absence of tbe areola; the
  presence of a pad; and, if neces-
  sary, by examination per vaginam. 
FEIGNED  DISEASES
P>8 3
FEIGNED  DISEASES
Diseases, Ac.
How Feigned.
How Detected.
54.  Pulse,  Weak-
  ness  or Defect
  of.
55.  Chronic Rheu-
  matism.
    See Pain.

56. Scrofula.
57. Scurvy.
58. Stammering.
59.  Stricture   of
  the Urethra.
60. Swelling of the
  Legs.

61. Syncope.
62. Tympany.
63. Ulcer  of the
  Ear.
i 64. Ulcers of the
   Legs, Ac
65. Bloody Urine.
5. Incontinence of
 Urine.
07. Varicose Veins. ■
By ligatures applied to the  corre-
  sponding arm.
By exciting ulcers below the angles
  of the jaw.


By covering  the  teeth  with  wax,
  and then applying acid, corrosive
  substances to the  gums.
Ligatures  are  sometimes  used  to
  prevent the pulse being felt.  By
  applying  lotions  to the  face  to
  make it pale.
Persons have possessed the power of
  swallowing air, so as to distend the
  stomach, and  simulate tympany.
By  introducing a tent, imbued with
  blistering  plaster  into the ear,
  and  repeating the  application,
  until the tube becomes ulcerated,
  and a discharge of puriform mat-
  ter is established. The fetid smell
  is imitated, by dropping into the
  ear &  mixture of  empyreumatic
  oil, asafoetida,  and  old  cheese.
  Also, by introducing a little honey
  into the meatus.
By  corrosives, or irritants.   Some-
  times   by abrasion, by rubbing
  sand on the shin-bone. At others,
  they are pretended, by gluing on
  a piece of spleen or the skin of a
  frog.

The fruit of the Indian Fig  (Cactus
  opuntia) colours the urine as red
  as blood.  Cantharides will cause
  it.  Blood may also be procured
  and mixed with the urine.
By a ligature, placed tightly round
  the limb.  They may be  excited
  in this manner, or aggravated if
  already existing.
By examining whether the arteries
  of the two arms  beat alike;  and
  if a ligature be placed on the arm.
By examining the  general  habit,
  and  observing whether the ulce-
  rations be glandular, and the dis-
  charge of a scrofulous character.
By examining the  general  habit:
  whether  debilitated,  cachectic,
  and possessing the usual general
  signs of scorbutus.
Simulators  of this defect generally
  state, that it is connate, or ascribe
  it to a fit of apoplexy or  severe
  fever.  Where  the  organs  of
  speech were perfect, and the mo-
  ral evidence of the  previous ex-
  istence of the infirmity was not
  satisfactory, the French authori-
  ties used  to confine  the soldiers,
  and not supply them with  food,
  until they  called  for it  without
  stammering.

By passing  a bougie.

Examine tbe limbs uncovered.

By using  sternutatories.   By the
  absence of some of the symptoms
  of syncope.  Examine the  naked
  arms.  Wash the  face.
■  By careful examination.
Artificial  ulcers have,  usually, a
  more distinct margin,  and  are
  more readily healed than others;
  the latter being generally indi-
  cative  of an impaired constitu-
  tion.
By  making the patient pass  his
  urine in the presence of the phy-
  sician,  and examining the vessel
  before and after.   By cutting off
  the supply of a ny substance.which
  could cause the appearance.
Difficult, at times, of detection. Give
  the person a full dose of opium,
  and introduce the catheter when
  he is asleep.  If there  be urine,
  the incontinence is feigned.
By examining the limb. 
FEL
384
FERN
  FEL, Bile—f. Anguillas, see Bile—f. Bovinum,
Bile of the Ox — f. Bovis, see Bile — f. Naturae,
Aloes—f. Tauri, see  Bile—f. Terras,  Ludus  Hel-
montii—f. Ursi, see Bile—f. Vitri, see Vitrum.
  FELDSCHEEREX, Bathers.
  FEL1NEUS, Bilious.
  FELLEUS, Biliary, Bilious.
  FELLIDUCUS, Cholagogue.
  FELLIS  OBSTRUCTIO, Icterus —f.  Super-
fusio, Icterus—f. Suffusio, Icterus.
  FELON, Paronychia.
  FELTING, from Anglo-Saxon pelt, cloth  or
stuff made without weaving.   Tangling.  A term
applied to the hair when inextricably interlaced,
as occurs occasionally in women from inattention.
  FELURE DE GLASER, Fissure, glenoid.
  FELWORT,  Gentiana lutea.
  FEMALE, Foe'mina, Fe'mina, Gyne, (F.) Fe-
melle,  (Femme, 'woman.')  In  animals, the one
that engenders  and bears the young.  It is,  also,
used adjectively;—as, the Female Sex, Ac.
  Female Parts, Vulva.
  FEMELLE, Female.
  FEMEN, Thigh (inner part), Vulva.
  FEMINA,  Female.
  FEMINES'CENCE, Fceminescen'tia, from foe-
mina, 'a female.'   The possession or assumption
of certain male characteristics  by the female.—
Mebliss.
  FE3I3TE EN COUCHE, Puerpera.
  FEM'ORAL, Pemora'lis, from femur, femoris,
'the thigh-bone.'  Belonging or relating  to the
thigh ;  as Femoral artery, Femoral hernia, Ac.
See Crural.
  FEMORALIS, Triceps cruris.
  FE3IOEO- CALCANIEN  PETIT, Plantar
muscle — f. Popliteal, great, Sciatic nerve, great
—/. Popliti-tibial, Poplitasus muscle.
  FEM'ORO-TIBTAL,  Femoro-tibia'lis.  Be-
longing to the femur and tibia.  The Femoro-
tibial articulation is,the knee-joint.
  FEMUR, 3Ierus,  3le'rium.  The  thigh  (q. v.)
Also, the thigh  bone,  Os fem'oris, (F.) L'os de  la
Cuisse.  The strongest and longest of all the
bones of the  body, extending from  the pelvis to
the tibia, and forming the solid  part of the thigh.
The femur is cylindrical, slightly curved anteri-
orly, unsymmetrical and oblique downwards and
inwards.  The  body of the bone is prismatic, and
has, behind, a prominent ridge, the linea aspera.
Processes.
 Upper or
  Pelvic
Extremity.
f Head supported on a
   column or neck.
                          Great trochanter.
                          Lesser trochanter.
             T ,  .      (External condyle.
             Inferior or   T  .    ,     , J.
               T-'b' 1   \  Int:erna' condyle.
             -p     .1  External tuberosity.
            [         "" [ Internal tuberosity.

  The femur ossifies from five points: — one on
each process of the pelvic extremity; one in  the
body of the bone; and  two on the condyles.  It
is  articulated with the pelvis, tibia, and patella.
See Thigh.
  FE3IUR COL DU,  Collum femoris—f. Mo-
ventium  septimus, Iliacus  internus — f.  Moven-
tium sextus, Psoas magnus—f. Summum, Vulva.
  FENESTRA.  A window, (akin  to tjraivoi, 'I
show,' and to Sanscrit fanu.)  (F.) Fenetre.  Ana-
tomists have given  this name to two apertures,
situate in the inner paries of the cavity of  the
tympanum. The one of these is the Fenest'ra
ova lis seu  vestibularis, Fora'men  ova'le.  It is
oval-shaped; situate at the base of the stapes,
and corresponds with the cavity of the vestibule.
The other is the Fenest'ra rotun'da  seu  cochlea'-
ria  seu  triq'uetra,  Fora'men  rotun'dum.  It is
closed by a fine, transparent  membrane, called
3Iembra'na Tympani secun'daria, Tympanum mi-
nus seu secunda'rium, 3Iembra'na fenestra rotun'-
da,  and corresponds to the inner scala of the
cochlea.
  Fenestra  Oculi, Pupil.
  FENESTRAL,  Fenestra'tus,  from  fenestra,
'a window.'   (F.) Fenetri et  Fencstri.  Ban-
dages, compresses, or plasters with small perfo-
rations or openings, are so called.  The openings
prevent the detention of the discharge.
  FENESTRATES, Fenestral.
  FENESTRE, Fenestral.
  FEN I- TRE, Fenestra.
  FENETRE, Fenestral.
  FENNEL, Anethum — f. Dogs', Anthemis co-
tula—f. Flower,  Nigella—f. Hog's, Peucedanum
— f. Sweet, Anethum — f.  Water, Phellandrium
aquaticum.
  FENOUIL, Anethum—/. d'Eau, Phellandrium
aquaticum—-/. 3Iarin,  Crithmum maritimum—/
de Pore, Peucedanum—/. Puant, Anethum  gra-
veolens.
  FENTE, Fissure—/ Capillaire, see Pilatio—
/ Glinoidale, Fissure, glenoid—/ Orbitairc, Or-
bitar fissure—/ Orbitaire infirieure,  Spheno-
maxillary fissure—-/. Sphino-maxillaire, Spheno-
maxillary fissure—/  Sphinoidale,  Sphenoidal
fissure.
  FENUGREC,  Trigonella foenum.
  FENUGREEK, Trigonella foenum.
  FER, Ferrum—■/. Acitate de,  Ferri acetas—/
Br-Smure de, see Bromine—-/. Carbonate de, Ferri
protocarbonas—/  Curbure  de,  Graphites—/
Chaud, Pyrosis—/  Hydrate de, tritoxide de,
Mtites—f. Hydriodate de, see Ferri iodidum—/.
Iodure de, Ferri iodidum, see Iodine—/ Lactate
de, Ferri Lactas —/ Limaille de, Ferri  limatura
—-/. Perehlorure de, Ferri chloridum—/ Peroxide
de, Ferri subcarbonas —/ et de Potasse, tartrate
de, Ferrum tartarizatum—•/. et de Potassium, cya-
nure de, Potassii Ferrocyanuretum —/ et de Po-
tassium, protocyanure de, Potassii Ferrocyanure-
tum—/. Ridnit par 1'hydrogene, Ferri pulvis—/
Sulphate de, Ferri Sulphas—/ Sulphure de, Ferri
Sulphuretum—/ Tannate de, Ferri  tannas—/
Trichlorure de, Ferri chloridum—/  Valerianate
de, Ferri Valerian as.
  FERALIS  PEDICULUS, see Pediculus.
  FERINE,  Feri'nus;  'savage, brutal;' from
fera, 'a wild beast.'   Therio'des.  A term, ap-
plied to any  malignant or noxious disease,   in
France it is  used only  when joined to  Toux;
Toux ferine, a dry, obstinate, and painful cough.
  FERMENT,  Fermen'tum, (quasi fieri imentum,
from fierveo, ' I burn, I ferment,')  Zyma, Zymo'-
ma, Leven, (F.) Livain.  The  Iatrochyinists ap-
plied this name  to imaginary substances, Fer-
men'ta mor'bi, to which they attributed the power
of producing  disease,  by exciting a fermentation
in the  humours.
  FERMENTATION, Fermenta'tio,  Zymo'sis,
jEstua'tio, Causis, Brasmos.  Same etymon.  An
intestinal movement, occurring spontaneously in
a liquid; whence result certain substances, that
did not previously exist in it.
  The  chemical physicians attributed all diseases
to an imaginary fermentation of the humours.
  Fermentation, Putrefactive, Putrefaction.
  FERMENTUM CEREVISLE, Yest—f. Morbi,
Ferment—f. Ventriculi, Gastric juice.
  FERN, BUSH, Comptonia asplenifolia—f. Cin-
namon, Osmunda cinnamomea — f. Eagle, Pteris
aquilina — f.  Female,  Asplenium  filix  foemina,
Pteris aquilina—f. Flowering, Osmunda regalis—
f. Gale, Comptonia  asplenifolia — f. Male, Poly-
podium filix mas—f. Meadow, Comptonia aspleni-
folia— f. Rock,  Adiantum  pedatum — f. Hoot,
Polypodium vulgare — f. Sweet, Adiantum peda- 
FERNAMBUCO  WOOD        3
turn, Comptonia asplenifolia—f. Sweet, shrubby,
Comptonia asplenifolia.
  FERNAMBUCO WOOD,  Caesalpinia echinata.
  FERNFRECKLED, Ephelides.
  FEKNTTICKLES, Ephelides.
  FERO'NIA ELEPHANTUM, (from the god-
dess Feronia.)  A tree of India, Order Auranti-
accas,  which yields a  gum  closely resembling
Cum Arabic.  Dr. Pereira  thinks it not impro-
bable,  that a part of the East India gum taken  to
England may be  the produce of this tree.   The
leaves are aromatic, of an odour resembling anise,
and are used as a carminative.
   FERRAMKNTUM,  Side'rion, Instrttmerltum
fer'renin, from ferrum,  'iron.'  Any surgical in-
strument made of iron.  By the vulgar, in France,
the word ferrernents means  the instruments used
in difficult labours.
   FERRARIA, Scrophularia aquatica.
   FERRATUS, Chalybeate.
   FERREIN, CANAL  OF, Ductus Ferrei'ni.  A
 triangular  channel,  which  Ferrein  supposed  to
 result from the  approximation  of the free edges
 of the eyelids applied to the globe of  the eye;
 and which  ho considered adapted  for  directing
 the tears towards the puncta lacrymalia,  during
 sleep.  The canal is, probably, imaginary.
   The same name is likewise given to the corti-
 cal canals,— the  first portions of the  uriniferous
 ducts, whilst still in the cortical substance of the
 kidney.
   FERREIN, Pyr'amids OF, Pyram'idcs Ferrei'ni.
 Each  of the papillae of the  kidney, according to
 Ferrein, consists  of, at  least,  700  subordinate
 cones or pyramids.   To these last the names  'py-
 ramid* oj' Ferrein,' Pyranlides rena'les Ferrei'ni,
 Fttscie'itli  pyraniida'les,  Fas'ciculi  cortica'les,
 Lob'uli renin,,, have been given.
    FERRI  ACETAS, Extrac'titm  martis  ace'ti-
 cum,  Ace'ticum  martia'le, Ac"etate  of Iron,  Iron
 Liquor, (F.) Aeitate de fer.  A preparation  of
 tbe Dublin Pharmacopoeia,  made by  digesting I
 part of carbonate of iron in  6 parts of acetic acid
 for three days,  and filtering.  Dose, as a tonic
 and astringent, Tr^y to TtLxx, in water.
    Ferri JErugo, F. Subcarbonas — f. et Ammo-
 nias murias, Ferrum ammoniatum — f. Ammonio-
 chloridum,  Ferrum ammoniatum.
    Ferri et Alu'mina Sulphas, Sulphate  of Iron
 and Alumina, is made by  treating bicarbonated
 solution of soft  iron and carbonated solution  of
 pure  washed alumina,  with sulphuric acid.   It
 has been recommended as a valuable  astringent.
 Dose, from five to ten grains.
    Ferri Ammo'nio-citras, Ammonia ferro-citras,
 Ferrum amnion i'aco-cit'r icum,  Ammonia-citrate
 of iron, Citrate of ammonia and iron.   Prepared
 by adding  ammonia to  citrate of  iron, so as to
 neutralize the excess of acid.  Dose, gr. v. to gr.
 viij.  A Potassio-Citrate  and a Sodio-Citrate
 of Iron have also  been  introduced;  and a Ci-
 trate of the Magnetic Oxide  of Iron prepared
 by combining tbe magnetic  oxide with citric acid.
    Ferri Ammonio-tartras, Ammonio-tartrate of
 Iron.   This salt is best  made by dissolving to
 saturation freshly precipitated hydrated oxide of
 iron in a solution of bitartrate of ammonia, and
 evaporating to dryness.   It is very soluble.  Tbe
 dose is five grains or more in pill or solution.
   Ferri Arsenias,  Arseniate of Iron—f.  Borus-
 sias, Prussian blue—f. Bromidutn, see Bromine—
 f.  Carbonas, F. subcarbonas — f. Carbonas  Sac-
 charatum, see F.  Protocarbonas—f. Carbonas cum
 Saccharo, see Ferri  Protocarbonas—f. Carbona-
 tum. Graphites—f.  Carburetum, Graphites.
   Ferri Chlo'ridi'M, F. Sesquichlo'riduin,  (F.)
 Trichlorure ou Perchlornre  defer,  Chloride, Ses-
 quichloride,  Perchloride  or 3furiate of Iron, is
 obtained by dissolving sesqui-chloridc of iron in
5          FERRIPHOSPHAS
chlorohydric  acid.  It is generally prescribed  in
the form of Tinctura Ferri Chloridi.   A concen-
trated solution of the perchloride has been used
as an injection for the radical cure of aneurism.
  Ferri Citras,  Ferrum  cit'ricnm,  Citrate  of
Iron.  Two citrates of iron are prepared — the
Sesqnicitrate or  Citrate of the  Sesqttioxide; and
the Citrate of the Protoxide.  The  former is offi-
cinal in the  Ph. U. S.   They resemble, in  their
medical properties,  the  tartrate and  the lactate
of the  metal.  Dose, five grains or more.
  Ferri Cyanup.etum, Prussian blue—f. Deutn-
carbonas fuscus, F. subcarbonas—f. Deutoxydum
nigrum, iEthiops martial—f. Ferrocyanas, Prus-
sian blue—f. Ferrocyanuretum, Prussian blue.
  Ferri Filiim.  The pharmacopceial name  of
iron wire.
  Ferri  Hydriodas, F.  Iodidum—f.  Hydro-
cyanas,  Prussian  blue — f.  Hypercarburetum,
Graphites.
   Ferri Io'didum, F. lodure'tum, Ferrum iodn'-
tum, Iodide,  or  Ioduret  of Iron, (F.) Iadure de
fer; in solution, Hydriodate ofi Iron. Ferri hy-
dri'odas.  Ferrum hydrioda'tum, (F.) Hydriodate
de. fer, (Toelin. ^ij, Ferri rament. ^j, Aq. destillat.
Oiss.)   Mix the iodine with a pint of the distille I
water, in  a porcelain  or glass vessel, and gradu-
ally add   the iron  filings,  stirring   constantly.
Heat the mixture gently until the liquid acquin -i
a light greenish colour;  then filter; and, after tie
liquid  has  passed, pour upon the filter half a pint
of  the  distilled water, boiling  hot.   When this
has passed,  evaporate the filtered  liquor, at  ;i
temperature  not exceeding 212°, in  an iron ves-
sel, to dryness;  keep  the  dry iodide in a closely
stopped bottle.   (Ph. U. S.)  Dose, gr. iij to gr.
x or more.
   Ferri Ioduretum. F. Iodidum.
   Ferri Lactas, Ferrum  lac'ticum,  Lactate ofi
Iron, L. of Protox'ide of Iron,  (F.)  Lactate  de
Fer.  Prepared by digesting in a sand-bath, at a
low temperature, diluted lactic acid  with  iron
filings.  It is employed  in the same cases as the
precipitated  subcarbonate of iron, and especially
in  chlorosis.  Twelve grains of the  lactate  may
be  given in the 24 hours, in the form of lozenges.
   Ferri Limatu'ra Purifica'ta, Pil rifled Iron
Filings: — purified by means  of the magnet, for
internal use.  The filings  are, also, called  Ferri
Scobs, F.  Ramerlta  et  Eila, .ITartis  Limatu'ra,
Spec'uliim In'dicum, Ferri in pul'verem resohi'ti',,
(F.) Limaille de Fer.   They  are  considered  to
possess the general  properties of iron :—the iron
becoming oxidized.
   Ferri  et Maune'sia Citras, Citrate of iron
and magne'sia,  is prepared by dissolving hydra-
ted oxide of iron in a solution of citric acid, satu-
rated with carbonate  of magnesia, and evapora-
ting to dryness.  It is soluble in water, and does
not constipate.  Dose, from four grains to fifteen,
in solution.
   Ferri  Nitras, see Liquor  Ferri  nitratis — f.
Nitratis Liquor, see Liquor Ferri nitratis—f. Ox-
iduin Fuscum, F. subcarbonas—f. Oxidum hydi;!-
tuni, Ferrum oxydatum hydratum — f. Oxidum
Magncticutn, Oxydum Ferri nigrum — f. Oxidum
Nigrum, Oxydum Ferri nigrum — f. Oxidum ru-
brum, Colcothar, Ferri subcarbonas — f. Oxidum
hydratum, Ferrum  oxydum hydratum—f. Per-
cyanidum, Prussian blue — f. Peroxydura hydra-
tum, Ferrum oxydatum  hydratum — f. Perses-
quinitras, see Liquor Ferri nitratis.
  Ferri Phosphas, Phosphate of Iron.  (Ferri
Sulphat. £v, Soda Phosphat. ^vi, Aqua,  cong.
Dissolve the sulphate of iron and phosphate  of
soda, severally,  in  four  pints of the water; then
mix the solutions,  and set the mixture by, that
the  powder may subside; lastly,  having poured
off the supernatant liquor, wash the phosphate 
FERRI  PILA              3Sfi                 FERRUM
of iron with water, and dry it with a gentle heat.
—Ph. U. S.)  Dose, 5  to  10  grains as  a chaly-
beate.   Rarely used.
  Ferri Pila, F. limatura—f. et Potassae tartras,
Ferrum tartarizatum—f. Potassio-eitras,  see Ferri
ammonio-citras—f. Potassio-tartras, Ferrum tar-
tarizatum.
  Ferri  Protocar'bonas,  Protocar-'bonate of
Iron, (F.)  Carbonate  de Fer.  The protocarbo-
nate of iron, thrown down from a solution of the
sulphate of iron by the carbonate of soda, readily
attracts oxygen and  becomes  converted into the
sesquioxide.   To prevent this, it  may  be asso-
ciated with honey and sugar,  and tbe  mixture be
reduced  by evaporation to a pilular consistence.
The mass  constitutes the Femlginous Pills, Pi-'
biles ferrugineiises, of Vallet,  Va I let's Pills.   See
Pilulic Ferri Carbonatis.   The Edinburgh Phar-
macopoeia,  contains- the Ferri Car'bonas Sacchet-
ra'ttim, Ferri Car'bonas cum Sac'charo,  Sac'cha-
rine Car'bonate of  Iron, prepared in this manner.
It  is the Ferrum  Carbon'icum Succharatum of
Klauer.
   The protocarbonate is given in  tbe same dis-
eases as the  lactate of  iron ; ten or fifteen grains
in the course of the twenty-four hours.
   Ferri Protosulphas Viridis, F. Sulphas—f.
Prussias, Prussian  blue.
   Ferri Pulvis, Fer riduit,  F. riduit par  I'hy-
drogene, Ferrum  metallicitm,  Powder  of  iron,
Redu'ced Iron, Qnevenne's Iron, prepared by pass-
ing a stream of hydrogen gas over the  sesquioxide
of  iron, contained  in  an iron or porcelain  tube
heated  to  low redness.  It is  very liable to be-
come oxidated, and must be kept in a dry, well-
stopped  bottle.   It has been  prescribed in anae-
mic, and especially in chlorotic cases.   The  ordi-
nary dose  is three to six grains, or more, three
times a day, in  pill made with sugar and gum.
A formula for its preparation is given  in the  last
edition of the Pharmacopoeia of the  United States
(1851).
   Fep.ri et Qui'nia Citras, Ferrum et Chi ni'num
cilriaim, Citrate of Iron anil Qui'nia, formed by
the union of four parts of citrate of iron and one
part of citrate of quinia, has  been  prescribed in
cases where a combination of these  tonics is indi-
cated.
   Ferri Ramenta, F. limatura — f.  Rubigo, F.
Subcarbonas — f. Scobs, F. limatura —  f. Sesqui-
chloridum, Ferri chloridum—f. Sosquioxidum, F.
subcarbonas prascipitatus.
   Ferri  Sesquinitratis, Liquor, see  Tinctura
Ferri  muriatis—f.  Sodio-tartras, see Ferri et am-
monio-citras.
   Ferri Subcar'bonas, F. Car'bonas, F. Rubigo,
Ferrum pracipita'turn, Chalybis Rubigo prapa-
ra'ta.  (Tbe last two  terms, as well as  Fcmli/o,
 are applied  to  the subcarbonate or rust, ^-Eru'go
 Ferri, Cacafcrri, formed  by  the  action of moist
 air on metallic iron.)   A protoxide of  iron, oxi-
 dized by the decomposition of water: the carbonic
 acid being attracted from the air.   Dose, gr. v to
 JsS and more.
   Ferri Snbcarbonets  may be precipitated  from
 sulphate of iron by carbonate of soda.   The fol-
 lowing is the formula of the Pharmacopoeia of the
 United States: —  Ferri sulph.. J^wiiy. soda  curb.
 £ix; aqua bullient. cong.  Dissolve the sulphate
 of iron and carbonate of soda severally in  four
 pints  of the water, then mix  the  solutions, and,
 having  stirred the  mixture, set  it by that the
 powder  may subside: having poured off the
 liquor, wasb the  subcarbonate  with  hot water,
 wrap it in bibulous paper, and dry with a gentle
heat.   It  is,  also, called Ferri  sesquiox'idnni,
 Ox'idum ferri fuscnm, 0. ferri rubrum, Deuto-
cur'bonus  Ferri fuscus,  Crocus  martis  ape'riens,
 Sesquioxide or peroxide of iron, (F.) Peroxide de
I fer,  Safran tie 3Iars apiritif.
   Ferri Sim.phas, Sal 3fartis, Yitrio'lum .Martis
 seu Ferri, Ferrum Vitrioliltum, Sulphas seu Pro.
 tosuljihas  Ferri vir'idis,  Calculiinnm,  Calcalar,
 Calcotar, Chalcan'thum,  Calcite'a, Atraineiltum
 suto' rium,  Vit'riol,  Yitrio'lum   viride, An'ima
 Hep'atis,  Sulphate of Iron,  Green Yitrinl,  Cop-
 peras, (F.) Sulfate defer.   The  Phannncopoeia
 of the United States directs it to be made by the
 action of sulphuric acid ^xviij, on iron mire, cut
 in pieces, :jxij—water, a. gallon — evaporating,
 crystallizing, and drying the crystals  on bibulous
 paper.  This  salt  is inodorous,  and  of a strong
 styptic taste.  The crystals are light green, trans-
 parent, rhomboidal; and  soluble in two parts of
 water.  It is  tonic and anthelmintic  Dose, gr.
 j. to vj and more.
   Ferri Sulphas Calcinatum,  Colcothar.
   Fekri Sulphas Exsicca'tum,  Ferri Sulphas
 sicca'titm, of  the Pharmacopoeias, is Sulphate of
 Iron exposed to a  moderate heat, until it is capa-
 ble of being  reduced to powder.   In  this form it
 can  be made into pills.   Three  grains may be
 esteemed  equivalent  to  five of the  crystallized
 salt.
   Ferri Sulphure'tum,  Sulphuret of Iron, Iron
 pyrites, (F.) Sulfure defer; maybe  made by
 heating one part  of sublimed sulphur, over three
 parts of iron filings in a crucible until the mass
 begins to glow.  It is employed as a ready means
 for obtaining hydrosulpburic acid gas by the ad-
 dition of sulphuric or chlorohydric acid.
   Ferri Tannas,  Ferrum tan'riicum,  Tannate of
 Iron, (F.) Tannate de fer.  This salt is usually
 obtained by adding a solution of a salt of sesqui-
 oxide ofi iron, as  the  persulphate, to a decoction
 of nut-galls.   It is possessed of tonic and astrin-
 gent properties, and has been extolled, especially
 in chlorosis.
   Ferri  Tartarum,  Ferrum tartarizatum — f.
 Tritoxydum, Colcothar.
   Ferri  Valeria'nas,  Ferrum  Valeria'nicnm,
  Vale'rianate  of  Iron, (F.)  Valirianate tie fer.
 Formed by the action  of valerianic acid on oxide
 of iron,  it is a dark brick-red powder, insoluble
 in water, and has  been given in hysteria compli-
 cating chlorosis.   Dose, from two to  four grains.
 The Dublin Pharmacopoeia of 1850 has  afurmula
 for this salt.
   FERRICUS HYDRAS,  Ferrum oxydum  hy-
 dratum.
   F E R R O-MAN'GANTC,  Ferro-mangan'icus.
 Composed of iron and manganese—as a "ferro-
 manganic preparation."
   FERRUGINEOUS, Chalybeate.
   FERRUGINOUS, Chalybeate.
    FERRUGO, Ferri subcarbonas, Ferrum oxy
 datum hydratum.
    FERRUM, 3Iars, Side'ros, 3Ietal'htm hamato-
 poelicum, Iron, (F.) Fer.  A metal of a bluish-
 gray colour;  fibrous texture; brilliant and fine-
 grained fracture.  Specific gravity 7-600 to 7-800;
 hard, ductile, malleable, and magnetic   The me-
 dicinal virtues of  iron are tonic; producing fetid
 eructations,  when it  takes effect, owing to its
 meeting with acid in the  stomach, which oxidizes
 it,  and causes the "evolution  of hydrogen  gas.
  When given in the metallic  state, the filings are
 chiefly used; but tbe oxides and salts are most
 commonly employed.
    Ferrum  Ammoniacale, F. ammoniatum — f.
 Ammoniaco-citrieum, Ferri ammonio-citras.
    Ferrum  Ammonia'tum, F. ammoniaca'li. Mil-
 rius Ammo'nia et Ferri,  Ferri animo'nio-chlu''fi-
 dum, Flares mart ia'les seu salis ammoni'aci mar-
 tin'les, Ens  martis  seu  Ven'eris  Buy'lei, Sal
  martis muriat'icum snblima'tum, S. anunoni nciiui
 ma.-tta'le, Aaimo'nium muriat'icum  maitia'tuui 
FERRUM
387
FEVER
 sou martia'le, Ammoni'acum hydrochlora'tum fer-
 ra'tum, Aroph  Paracel'si,  Calen'dula minera'les,
 Ammo'niated Iron, Ammo'nio-chloride of  Iron,
 (F.) 3Turiate d'ammoniaque et defer.  A mixture
 of the hydro-chlorates of ammonia and  iron.  [?]
 (Ferri  Subcarb. 3 iij ;  acid muriat. f.^x; ammon.
 muriat. Ibijss; aq. destillat. Oiv.  Mix the sub-
 carbonate  with the acid  in a glass vessel and
 digest for two hours;  then add the muriate pre-
 viously dissolved in  distilled  water, and having
 filtered the liquor,  evaporate to dryness.  Rub to
 powder.—Ph. U. S.)   Dose, gr. iij. to gr. xv.
   Ferrum  Arseniatum,  Arseniate  of iron—f.
 Arsenicicum oxydulatum, Arseniate of iron — f.
 Borussicum, Prussian  blue — f. Bromatum,  see
 Bromine — f.  Carbonicum  Saccharatum,  Ferri
 protocarbonas — f. et Chininum  citricum,  Ferri
 citras — f.  Citricum, Ferri citras — f. Cyanogena-
 tmn, Prussian blue—f. Haematites, Haematites—
 f. Ilydriodatum, see  Ferri  iodidum—f.  Hydro-
 bromicum oxydatum,  see Bromine—f. Lacticum,
 see Ferri lactas—f. Magnes attractorium, Magnet
 —f. Metallicutn, Ferri pulvis.
   Ferrum  Oxyda'tum  Hydra'tum,  Ferri Oxi-
 dum Hydra'turn (Ph.  U. S.) seu  Pet-ox'ydum Hy-
 dra'tum, Fernlgo, Hydras Fer'ricus, Hydro-oxide
 of Iron, Hydra'ted peroxide of Iron, Hydrated
 Tritoxide of Iron.  It  may be prepared by taking
 a solution of sulphate of iron,  increasing its dose
 of oxygen by heating  it with nitric acid, and pre-
 cipitating the oxide by adding pure ammonia in
 excess, washing  the  precipitate, and keeping it
 moist.
   The  following is the formula adopted by the
 Pharmacopoeia of the United States: Ferri Sulph.
 .^iv; acid,  sulphuric,  f^iiiss;  acid, nitric, f ^ivi,
 vel q. s., Liq ammonia q. s., aqua  Oij.  Dissolve
 the sulphate of iron   in the water, and  having
 added the sulphuric acid boil the solution : then
 add the nitric acid in small portions, boiling the
 liquid for  a minute or two after each  addition,
 until the acid ceases  to produce a dark colour.
 Filter  the  liquid, allow it  to  cool, and  add the
 liquor ammonias in excess, stirring the  mixture
 briskly; wash the precipitate with water,  until
 the  washings cease to yield a precipitate with
 chloride of  barium, and keep it close in bottles
 with water  sufficient to cover it.
   It has been brought forward as an antidote  to
 arsenic; and many cases of its efficacy have been
 puhlished.
   From 10 to 20  parts  of the hydrated oxide
 would seem to be more than sufficient to convert
 1  part of arsenious acid into the basic salt of iron.
   Ferrum Oxydulatum Hydrocyanicum. Prus-
 sian blue—f. Potabile, F. tartarizatum—f. Praeci-
 pitatum, Ferri subcarbonas.
   Ferrum Tannicum,  Ferri tannas.
   Ferrum Tartariza'tum,  Tartras  Potas'sa  et
 Ferri, Tar'tarum Ferri, Ferri et Potassa Tartras,
 (Ph. U. S.)  Tar'tarns chalybea'tus seu martia'lis,
 Mars solu'bilis, Chalybs tartariza'tus, Ferri po-
 tass'io-tartras,  Tartras kal'ico-fer'rictts seu Po-
 tas'sa  ferriigino'sus.  Ferritin  potab'ile,  Globus
 martia'lis, Glob'uli  Tar'tari  martia'les seu mar-
 tia'les soln'ti seu martia'ti  seu  tartra'tis ferri  et
 Hxiv'ia, Boli Martis, Pyri nlartia'les,  Tartarized
 Iron,  Tartrate of Potassa and Iron, (F.) Tartrate
 fie potasse et de fer, Bottle  de Mars ou de Nancy
 on de 3folsheirn ou d'Acier.  (Ferri subcarb. 5 iij,
 ■ \cit1. muriat.  f'x,-   Liquor  Potassa,  Ovss ;
 rota**. Bitart.  t^vijss. Aqua destillat.  cong. iss.
 Mix  the subcarbonate  of iron and the  muriatic
 acid, and digest for two hours ; pour the solution
 into a gallon of the distilled water; set aside for
 an  hour, and pour off the  supernatant liquor. I
 To th's add the liquor potassie : wash the precipi- |
 fate formed frequently with water, and while yet
moist, mix it with  the  bitartrate  of potassa and |
 half a gallon of the distilled  water.   Keep  the
 mixture at the temperature of  140° for 30 hours,
 frequently stirring; filter the solution, and evapo-
 rate by means of a water bath, at the same tem-
 perature, to dryness.—(Ph. U. S.)   It is one  of
 the mildest of the salts of iron, and not  unpala-
 table.  Dose, gr. x. to t^ss.
   The Tinctu'ra 3Iartis Aperitlva,  Tincture  of
 Ludwig ; Alcohol cum Sulpha'te. Ferri tartarisa'-
 tus;  Tinctura 3Iartis Glauberi is, essentially, a
 solution of  this  salt.  It  is also called  Eau  de
 Boule, and is used in contusions.
   Helvetius's Styptic was composed of the filings
 of iron and tartar, mixed to a  proper  consistence
 with French brandy.  It was called  in England
 Eaton's Styptic; but this is now formed of Sul-
 phate of Iron.
   Ferrum Valerianicum, Ferri  valerianas — f.
 Vitriolatum, Ferri sulphas—f. Vitriolatum ustum,
 Colcothar—f. Zooticum, Prussian blue.
   FERS.E. Rubeola.
   FERTILITY, Fecundity.
   FER'ULA, Fanon, Palette, Splint—f. Africana,
 Bubon galbanum—f. Asafostida. see Asafoetida—
 f. Graveolens, Anethum graveolens — f.  Opopo-
 nax, Pastinaca  opoponax — f.  Persica, see Saga-
 penum—f. Tingitana, see Ammoniac/  gum.
   FERUS, Homicidal.
   FESISTAN, Physician.
   EESSES,  Nates.
   PESSIER, Gluteal—/ Grand, Glutasus maxi-
 mus—/ .Moyen, Glutaeus medius—/ Petit, Glu-
 tasus minimus.
   FESTER.  A word  of  unknown  etymology,
 which signifies to corrupt  or rankle;  and, when
 applied to a  sore, means to  suppurate, or rather
 to discharge a  thin fluid as an evidence of its
 being irritated.
   FETID, Foe'tidus, Dyso'des,  Caco'des, Bromo'-
 sus, Grav'eolens.  Having a bad smell.
   FETUS, Foetus, Pregnant.
   FEU ACTUEL. Cauterium—/  Persigue, Her-
 pes zoster, see Anthrax—/  Potential,  see Caute-
 rium—-/. Sacri, Erysipelas—/  St.  Antoine, Ery-
 sipelas—/ Sauvage, Ignis  sylvaticus—/  Volage,
 Ignis sylvaticus.
   FEU1LLET, Omasum;  see Tache embryon-
 naire.
   FEUX  DE DEXTS, Strophulus—/ Volages,
 Porrigo larvalis.
   FEVE,  Vicia faba—/. de  Carthagene. Habilla
 de Carthagena—/ d Cochon,  Hyoscyamus—/•
 Epaisse, Sedum telephium—■/.  des 3farais, Vicia
 faba—/ tie  Sainte  Ignace, Ignatia  amara—/
 Pitrgatif, Ricinus communis.
   FEVER, Febris,  from feritas,  ' wildness,'  or
 from fervor,  ' heat,'  or  from febrito, ' I purify :'
 Pyr, Pyr'etos, rrvperoe, (F.)  Fievre.  One  of the
 most frequent and dangerous affections to which
 the body is liable.  A person  has  an  attack  of
 fever, when he is affected with rigors, followed  by
 increased heat of skin, quick pulse, languor, and
 lassitude.  Rigors, increased heat,  and frequency
 of pulse have each been  assumed as the essential
 character of fever.  It is not characterized, how-
 ever, by any one, but depends upon the coexist-
 ence of many symptoms. Fevers have been usu-
 ally  divided into idiopathic or essential, and into
 symptomatic.   The idiopathic arise without any
 obvious local  cause.   The  symptomatic are de-
 pendent upon  local irritation.  Idiopathic fevers
 may be divided into  three classes: 1.  Those at-
 tended with distinct paroxysms  : — intermittents.
 2. Remittent and continued fevers : and, 3. Fevers
complicated with  eruptions,  or the exanthema-
tous.   These divisions  admit of great variety,
owing to climate, season, soil, age, Ac.  All ages
and climates are liable to fever; and its exciting 
FEVER                  388                  FEVER
onuses are very numerous.  These causes may be
common ; as irritations in the intestines; external
injuries, stimulants, Ac.;  or they may be specific ;
as miasmata, contagion, Ac  The greatest diver-
sity has prevailed regarding the theory of fever.
Its primary seat has been placed in the brain,
mucous  membrane of the stomach and intestines,
skin,  nerves, blood-vessels, liver, vena cava,  pan-
creas, Ac.  It would seem,  however,  that al-
though,  in fever, the whole of  the functions are
morbidly impressed, the arguments in favour of
the impression being first  made on the  nervous
system  and  the system  of nutrition   are  the
strongest.  The exciting cause of fever, whatever
it may  be, produces an  irregular action in the
system of nutrition, which is soon conveyed to the
rest of the system, owing to the extensive sym-
pathy which exists between  every part of the
body; and it is probable, that  all those local in-
flammations and congestions are the consequence,
rather than the cause, of this  disordered condi-
tion of  the system.  The general  character  of
fever  is  clearly shown  by examination of the
blood.  When fever is devoid  of inflammatory
complication, the quantity  of fibrin is in  no case
augmented. It frequently remains in the healthy
proportion, and at times diminishes to an extent
not met with  in any other acute  disease.   The
alteration of the  blood in  fevers, which  consists
generally in a diminution  of the  fibrinous element,
is the reverse of what occurs in inflammation.
   Many  phenomena of fever are  influenced by
that periodicity, which we notice in the execution
of several  of the functions  of the  body.   The
types of intermittents  are strong evidences  of
such an influence.
   In  tbe treatment of fever, it is important to bear
in mind. 1. Its tendency, particularly in the case
of the exanthemata, to run a definite course, and
terminate in restoration to health.  2. The dispo-
sition to local determination or hyperaemias : —
the most frequent cause of the  fatal  termination
of fever; a circumstance requiring the  vigilant
attention  of the physician.   3. That the symp-
toms  must be attentively studied, in order to de-
duce, as far ns possible from them, the indications
of cure.   Lastly, attention must be  paid to the
prevalent epidemic  There are particular seasons
in which fevers  are very malignant;  and others
in which they are as mild ; circumstances which
necessarily have an effect upon  the treatment.
   Fever and Ague, Intermittent Fever — f. Ac-
climating, F. strangers.'
   Fever,  Ade'no-Meninge'al, Febris  ade'no-
meninge'a seu mesenter'ica (Baglivi,) seu muco'sa,
Morbus   mnco'siis, Gastro-duodenop'yra,  Mucous
or Pitu'itous or Catar'rhal Fever, Phlegmap'yra,
Phlegmop'yra, Phlegmatop'yra, Gastro-Bronchi-
tis.  Fever, accompanied with  considerable  mu-
cous  secretion;  especially from  the digestive
tube.
   Frver, Adeno-Nervous, Plague.
   Fever, Adynam'ic, Febris adr/nam'ica, Asthe-
nicop'yra. Asthenicopyr'efus, Asthenop'ora, Asthe-
iiopyr'etus.  Fever attended with great  prostra-
tion of the vital powers—as Typhoid and Typhus
fever.
   Fever, Af'rican, Febris Africa'na.  The ma-
lignant  bilious remittent fever,  which  prevails on
the western coast of Africa,
   Fever, Algid, see Algidus.
   Fever, Anom'alous, Febris  Anom'ala seu er-
rat'ica seu irregularis seu vaga.  A fever, whose
progress and type are irregular.
   Fever, Aphon'ic, Febris apha'nica.  A variety
of intermittent, in which the  voice is lost during
the paroxysm.
   Fever, Apopt.ec'tic,  Febris apoplec'tica seu
eomato'des seu lethar'giea  seu  soporo'sa, Com'a-
tose Fever.  An intermittent or continued feven
attended with apoplectic symptoms.
  Fever, Articular Eruptive, Dengue—f. Ar-
ticular rheumatic, Dengue.
  Fever,  Artificial, Febris artificia'lis seu
arte  promo'ta.  Fever  produced designedly by
the internal or external use of stimulants.
  Fever,  Asthen'ic,  Febris  astherlica.  Fever
accompanied with debility. It may include every
variety of fever under certain circumstances, but
is generally appropriated to typhus.
  Fever,  Asthmat'ic, Fcbris asthmat'iea.  A
pernicious intermittent, accompanied with symp-
toms of asthma.
  Fever, Ataxo-ADYNAM'ic, Febris  atax'o-ady-
nam'ica.   Fever  characterized  by symptoms of
ataxia and adynamia.
  Fever,  Barcelona, Fever, yellow — f.  Bas-
tard, Illegitimate fever.
  Fever, Bil'ious, Febris bilio'sa seu polychol-
ica  sou aso'des sou  choler'ica  seu gus'trica seu
hepat'ica  seu  cholepyret'ica,   Cholep'yra,  Clm-
lepyr'etus,   Hcpatogastrocholo'sis,  Euterop'yra
bilio'sa, Choloze'mia febrllis, Syn'ochus bilio'sa.
The  common   remittent fever  of summer  and
autumn ; generally supposed to be  owing to, or
connected with, derangement of the biliary system.
  Fever,  Bilious Remitting, Yellow, Fever,
yellow—f. Bladdery, Pemphigus.
  Fever  Blister.  A  term, vaguely applied to
vesicular  or pustular  eruptions, which  appear
particularly about the mouth, during  or  after
febrile disturbance.
  Fever, Boa Vista.  A  malignant bilious re-
mittent fever,  greatly resembling yellow fever,
which  was very  fatal  at  Fernando  Po, and in
ships in its waters, in tbe year 1845.
  Fever,  Bona.  A malignant  paludal fever,
which prevailed amongst the troops of the garri-
son at Bona in Algeria, from 1832 to 1835.
  Fever, Pone, see Inflammation — f. Bouquet,
Dengue — f.  Brain,  F. cerebral, Phrenitis — f,
Brain, water, Hydrocephalus internus—f. Break-
bone,  Dengue — f. Bucket, Dengue — f. Bulam,
Fever, yellow—f. Camp, Typhus gravior.
  Fever, Cardial'gic, Febris  Oardialgien.  A
variety of pernicious intermittent, accompanied
with violent cardialgia during the paroxysm.
  Fever, Cardit'ic.  Intermittent fever, accom-
panied with pain  at the heart.
  Fever, Catarrhal, F. adeno-meningeal.
  Fever,  Cephalal'gic.  Febris cephulul'gica.
A pernicious intermittent, accompanied with in-
tense  pain of  the head.  Also, intermittent ce-
phalalgia.
  Fever, Cephal'ic, Febris cephalica.  A fe-
brile affection of children — intermediate between
the acute form  of active cerebral congestion  and
the  chronic form — which  is attended by fever,
pain  in  the head, disorder,  or more generally
constipation of the bowels, and a train of pheno-
mena often supposed to be premonitory of an at-
tack of hydrocephalus.—Mauthner.
  Fever, Cer'ebral, Brain fever.  Fever, gene-
rally of an  ataxic character, in which the brain is
considerably affected.
  Fever, Chagres, Panama' Fever.  A severe
form of endemic  fever, common on the isthmus
of Panama.
  Fever, Childbed, Fever, puerperal, Puerperal
Fever — f. Childbed, Low, see Peritonitis.
  Fever,  Chol'eric,  Febris choler'ica,  A va-
riety of pernicious intermittent, accompanied with
symptoms of cholera morbus.
  Fever,  Choleric, of  Infants, Cholera in-
fantum.
  Fever, Chronic, Fcbris chron'ica.   Some au-
thors apply this name to protracted fevers; others
to hectic fever. 
FEVER                 389                  FEVER
  Ff.ver, Colliq'u ative, Febris tab'ida seu calli-
 quatlvu.   Fever,  characterized by  rapid  ema-
 ciation, copious  evacuations,  and rapid prostra-
 tion of strength.
  Fever, Comatose, F. apoplectic.
  Fever, Conges'tive, Febris congesti'va.  Fe-
 ver  accompanied by  obscure  symptoms; or by
 great oppression and depression ; in which  it is
 difficult — and often impossible — to induce reac-
 tion.  Congestive fevers occurs  in various parts
 of  this country, especially in the fall;  and  they
 are very common in India.  The term congestive
 fever is often used in some parts of the south of
 the United States very indefinitely — to  include
 winter typhus, and typhoid fevers, typhoid pneu-
 monia, ae well as intermittents and autumnal re-
 mittents.—Dickson.
   Fever,  Continent, see  Continent  and Con-
 tinued fever — f. Continual, see  Continued fever
 — f. Continued,  common, Synochus.
   Fever,  Convul'sive, Febris convulsiva.  A
 pernicious intermittent or remittent, accompanied
 by convulsions.
   Fever,  Country.   Fever occasioned by ex-
 posure to the miasms of a  highly malarious soil.
 A term much used in the Southern States.
   Fever,  Delir'ious, Febris cum  delir'io, (F.)
 Fievre dilii ante.  A pernicious intermittent, cha-
 racterized by delirium in the paroxysms.
   Fever,  Dep'uratory,  Febris depurato'ria.
 A fever, to which was attributed the property of
 purifying the blood:  or which  indicated,  that
 Buch a supposed  depuration had occurred.
   Fever,  Diaphoret'ic,  Febris  diaphorelica,
 Febris sudato'ria.   A  pernicious  intermittent,
 with excessive sweating during the fit.
   Fever, Diary, Ephemera.
   Fever, Diges'tive.  The  chilliness, followed
 by incrciisi-d heat and  quickness of pulse, which
 frequently accompanies digestion.
   Fever, Double, (F.) Fievre double ou  doublie.
 An  intermittent, which has two paroxysms in a
 given  time, instead of one.
   Fever,  Double-Quartan.    A fever, whose
 paroxysms occur two days  in succession,  and fail
 the third day; the first paroxysm resembling the
 1th, and the second the 5th.
   Fever, Doubi.e-Quotioian.  An intermittent,
 whose paroxysms return twice every day at cor-
 responding hours.
   Fever,  Double-Tertian.   An intermittent,
 whose paroxysms  return  every  day;  the  first
 corresponding with  the 3d, the second with  the
 4th. and so on.
   Fever, Duodec"imane,  Febris duodecima'na.
 A supposititious intermittent,  whose paroxysms
 recur on the 12th day, or every 11 days.
   Fever, Dynamic, Synocha — f. Endemial, Re-
 mittent F.— f. Endemic,  Remittent F.—f. En-
 demical, Remittent F.—f. Enteric, see Typhus—
 f. Ephemeral, Ephemera.
  Fever, Epilep'tic, Febris epilep'tica.   A va-
 riety of pernicious  intermittent, accompanied
 with attacks of epilepsy.
  Fever, Erot'ic, Febris erot'ica, (F.) Fiivre
 d'amirur.  A chronic fever,  occasioned by unpro-
 pitious love.
  Fever,  Errat'ic, see  Erratic — f.  Eruptive,
 Exanthematica — f. Eruptive,  articular, Dengue
 —f.  Exacerbating, Remittent  Fever.
  Fever,  Fainting, of Persia.   A singular and
 fatal epidemic, presenting some points of analogy
 with cholera, which  prevailed at Teheran in the
 autumn of 1842.
  Fever, Five Day, see Relapse.
  ,Fkver,  Gan'grenous,  Febris gangrano'des.
Fever, accompanied by gangrene of various parts,
nnd especially of the limbs  and genitals.  Senac
describes an intermittent of this kind.
   Fever, Gastral'gic  An intermittent accom-
 panied with  acute burning lacej-ating pain at the
 stomach.
   Fever, Gastric,  Febris  gas'trrca  seu  gas'-
 triea bilio'sa,  Gastrop'yra, Gastropyr'etus, Gas-
 trocholo'sis, Hepatogastrocholo'sis, Stomach'ic fe-
 ver, Syn'ochus Bilio'sa.  A  name gu'en  by some
 to bilious fever, which has  appeared to  them to
 be dependent  on an  affection  of the  stomach.
 Also, called  3Ieniilgo-gastric fever, Febris me-
 ningo-ejas' trica,  31eniugo-gastri'tis,  Gastro-me-
 ningltis, Harvest fever, (F.) Fievre de  la 31ois-
 son, F. 3liningo-gastrique.
   Fever,  Gastuo-Adynam'ic,  Febris   gastro-
 aelynam'ica.   A fever, in which the symptoms
 of bilious fever are joined with those of adynamic
 fever.
   Fever,  Gastro-Angioten'ic.   A  fever,  in
 which the symptoms  of bilious  are united with
 those of inflammatory fever.
   Fever,  Gastro-Atax'ic  A  fever, in  which
 the symptoms of bilious fever are united with
 those of ataxic fever.
   Fever, Gibraltar, Fever, yellow—f.  Harvest,
 F. Gastric—f. Hasmagastric, F. yellow.
   Fever, Hamop'toic, Febris Hamopto'ica.  A
 variety of masked intermittent, in which periodi-
 cal haemoptysis is the chief symptom.
   Fever, Hay, Catarr'hus  asti'vtts, Summer Ca-
 tarrh, Hay Asthma, Rose  Catarrh, Summer Bron-
 chitis.  A catarrh  to which certain persons are
 subject in summer, and which has been  ascribed
 in  England  to the effluvium  of hay, but this is
 not the probable cause.   It is a catarrh with
 sneezing, headach, weeping, snuffling and cough,
 with, at times, fever and general discomfort.  It
 is not uncommon in this country.  It disappears
 spontaneously, — to  recur on subsequent years
 about the same period.
   Fever, Hebdom'adal.  A supposititious fever,
 whose paroxysms return weekly, and on the same
 day.
   Fever, Hectic, see Consumption, and Hectic
 Fever.
   Fever, Hepat'ic  or Hepatal'gic  A perni-
 cious intermittent, with violent  pain in the right
 hypochondrium.
   Fever, Hill.  A  modification of remittent,
 occurring in  the hilly districts of India.
   Fever, Hospital,  Typhus gravior.
   Fever, Hu'moral, Febris hitmora'lis.   Fever
 in which an alteration or deterioration of the hu-
 mours is suspected.
   Fever, Hun'gary, Febris Hungar'ica seu Pan-
 non'iea,  Lues  Panno'nia,  3Iorbus  Uni/ar'icus,
 Cephalon'osus,  Vermis cer'ebri, (F.) Fierce Hon-
 groise ou de Hongrie.   An epidemic typhus, com-
 mon amongst the soldiers in barracks, in Hungary.
   Fever, Hydrophobic, Febris hydrophob'ica.
 Pernicious intermittent, with dread of liquids.
   Fever, Hyster'ic,  Febris hyster'iea.   Hyste-
 ria, accompanied by  fever.  Hysteria, occurring
 with each paroyxsm of an intermittent.
  Fever, Icter'ic, Febris icter'ica.  Fever, ac-
 companied with  jaundice.  Some  intermittents
 exhibit this complication at  each  paroxysm.
  Fever, Icteric, Remitting, see Relapse.
  Fever, I.v'fantile  Remit'tent, Febris infan'-
 tum remit'tens, F. vermino'sa, (of many), F. muco'-
 sa vermino'sa, F. lenta, Spurious icorm ferer. Re-
 mitting fever of children, Hec'tica infant'His.  A
 fever occurring in childhood, which often assumes
 many of the characters of hydrocephalus.   It ap-
pears generally to be dependent upon a morbid
condition of the stomach and bowels.
  Fever, Inflammatory, Synocha.
  Fever, Insid'ious.   Fever,  which,  at first,
seems devoid of danger, but subsequently becomes
of a more or less malignant character. 
FEVER
390
FEVER
  Fever, Intermittent,  see Intermittent fever
—f. Jail, Typhus gravior — f. Jungle, see Jungle
fever.
  Fever, Lake.  Fever produced by exposure
to the  malaria  in  the neighbourhood  of  the
northern lakes of this country.
  Fever, Lenticular, Miliary fever — f. Irrita-
tive, Irritation, morbid.
   Fever, Lo'chial. Febris lochia'lis. That ac-
celeration  of tbe circulation which sometimes
occurs during the discharge of the lochia.
   Fever, Lung, Catarrh,  Pneumonia.
   Fever, Malig'nant, Febris  malig'na.  Fever
which makes its approaches insidiously, and sub-
sequently becomes formidable.  Any fever which
exhibits a very dangerous aspect.   Typhus gra-
vior.
   Fever, Malig'nant Pestilential, Fever, yel-
low—f. Marsh, Elodes (febris.)
   Fever, Masked, Febris larva'ta,  (F.) Fievre
larvie,  Dead or Dumb Ague.  An anomalous in-
termittent, the paroxysms of which have not the
regular stages, or are masi.ed.
   Fever, Meningo-gastric, Fever gastric.
   Fever, Mesenteric, Febris mesenter'ica.  A
name given, by Baglivi, to a species of fever which
appears to have belonged either to the mucous or
 bilious.
   Fever,  Milk, Febris lac'tea,  (F.) Fievre de
 lait ou laiteuse ou lactie ;  Galactop'yra,  Galac-
 topyr'elus.  The fever which precedes or  accom-
panies  the secretion  of milk in women recently
delivered.   It comes on generally about the third
 day after delivery,  and is characterized by quick
 pulse;  increased heat;  redness of face; diminu-
 tion or temporary suspension of  tbe lochial  dis-
 charge; tumefaction  and  tension  of the  breasts.
 It commonly  terminates  in twenty-four hours,
. and often with profuse  perspiration.  It requires
 the use of antiphlogistics, with dry diet.
   Fever, Mixed,  Synochus—f. Mucous,  F. ade-
 no-meningeal.
   Fever, Nephrit'ic, Febris ncphrilica.  Inter-
 mittent fever, accompanied with  nephritic pain
 during the paroxysm.
   Fever, Nervous,  Febris nervo'sa seu  nettro'-
 eles seu lenta nervo'sa, Xeurop'yr-a, Neuropyr'-
 etus.  A  variety of Typhus;  the Typhus mitior
 of Cullen.  By many, however, it is esteemed a
 distinct disease. See Typhoid fever.
   Fever,  Nervous,  with  Exanthematous
 Eruption,  Typhus.
   Fever, Neuralgic, Dengue.
   Fever, Niger.   A malignant fever,  of the
 bilious remittent  kind, which proved  fatal to
 many in the expeditions  sent out by the British
 government to explore the Niger,  in the years
 1841-12, and previously.
   Fever, Non'ane, Febris nona'na.   A supposi-
 titious fever,  whose paroxysms recur every ninth
 day, or every eight days.
   Fever, Oc'tane, Febris octa'na.  An intermit-
 tent, whose paroxysms recur every eighth day.
   Fever, Paludal, Intermittent — f. Panama,
 Fever, Chagres—f. Paroxysmal,  Remittent fever
 —f. Periodic, Intermittent.
   Fever, Period'ical, Febris period'ica.   An
 intermittent or remittent fever.
   Fever, Pernic"ious, Febris pernicio'sa.   In-
 termittent fever, when attended with great  dan-
 ger,  and which destroys the  majority of  those
 affected by it in the first four or  five paroyxsms;
 sometimes in the very  first.
   Fever,  Pestilen'tial, Febris pestilentia'lis.
 The Plague.   Also a severe case of typhus.  The
 yellow fever and  sweating sickness have,  like-
 wise, been thus designated.
   Fever, Pestilential,  of Cattle, Murr — f.
 Pituitous, F. adeno-meningeal.
  Fever, Pleurit'ic.   An intermittent or re-
mittent, accompanied with inflammation of tbe
pleura.
  Fever, Pnedmon'ic, Febris pneumorlica.  An
intermittent,  accompanied with inflammation  of
the lungs.  Also, pneumonia.
  Fever  Poison, see Poison — f. Pseudo, Irrita-
tion, morbid.
  Fever, Puer'per A.L,Febris puerpertl I is, Child-
bed fever, (F.)  Pierre puerperale.   This name .
has  been given to  several acute diseases, su-
pervening  on  delivery.  It means, generally, a
malignant variety of peritonitis, which runs  its
course very rapidly, and  passes into a typhoid
condition, unless met,  at  the very onset, by tbe
most  active depleting  measures.   By the gene-
rality of practitioners,  it is esteemed  to be emi-
nently contagious; some, however, deny that it
is so.  See Peritonitis,  and Puerperal  fever.
  Fever, Puerperal  Adynamic or Malignant,
see Peritonitis—f.  Puking,  Milk sickness.
  Fever, Pu'rulf.nt, Febris pitrulerlta.  Fever,
which accompanies suppuration.
  Fever, Putrid, Typhus gravior.
  Fever, Quintan,  Febris quinttlna.  A fever,
whose paroxysms return every fifth  day.  It is
seen rarely, or  never.
  Fever,  Quotidian,   see  Quotidian — f.  Red
Tongue, see Typhus.
  Fever,  Reg'ular,  Febris reguhlris seu ex-
qnislta.  An intermittent  whose  paroxysms fol-
low a determinate type.  It is opposed to atypic.
Sometimes opposed to  anomalous.
  Fever, Relapsing,  see Relapse.
  Fever, Remittent,  see  Remittent  Fever — f.
Remittent, Bilious, see  Relapse—f. Remittent, in-
fantile, see Fever, infantile remittent—f. Remit-
tent of children, F. infantile remittent—f. Remit-
ting icteric, see Relapse—f. Rheumatic, Rheuma-
tism, acute—f.  Root, Triosteum perfoliatum.
  Fever,  Scorbu'tic, Febris   scorbutica.  The
febrile movement, which sometimes accompanies
scorbutus or  scurvy.
  Fever, Seasoning,  F., strangers'.
  Fever, Sec'ondary. Afebrile condition which
recurs in certain affections after having ceased;
such as the secondary fever, which comes on at
the time  of the  maturation  of  the variolous
pustules, or  as the eruption of scarlatina, &c,
disappears.
   Fever, Septan, Febris septa'na.   An inter-
mittent, whose paroxysms recur  every six  days,
and consequently on the seventh.
   Fever, Seven Day, see Relapse.
   Fever, Sextan, Febris sexta'na.   A fever,
which recurs every five days,  and consequently
on the sixth.
   Fever, Ship, see Typhus.
   Fever, Simple, Febris Simplex. Simple fever
is  that which  has no predominant character —
bilious, inflammatory, or nervous; and which is
unaccompanied by any local determination, hy-
perasmia, or  complication.   It  may be continued,
remittent, or intermittent.
   Fever, Simple Continued.  This  is the most
 favourable form of continued fever, and  has a
 tendency  to wear itself out,  provided only  the
 ladentia be avoided.   The prognosis is conse-
 quently favourable, and the   treatment simple;
 consisting in perfect  repose of body  and  mind,
 abstinence,  and  relieving the  thirst ,by cold
 drinks.
    Fever, Singul'tous,  Febris  singulto'sa  seu
 lygmo'des seu  lyngo'des.   Fever, accompanied
 with singultus or hiccough.
    Fever, Solar, Dengue — f. Spotted, Typhus
 gravior.
    Fever, Ster'coral, Febris stercora'lis. Fever, 
FEVER
391       FIBRES,  CONVERGING
prodnced by an accumulation of faeces in the in-
testines.
  Fever, Stomachic, Gastric Fever.
  Fever, Strangers', Accllmating or Sea'soning
 ferer.  Yellow, or remittent fever, which is en-
 demic  in  certain places, and to which  strangers
 arc especially liable.
   Fever, Subcontinual, Remittent Fever.
   Fever,  Subin'trant, Febris subin'trans.   An
 intermittent, in which one paroxysm is scarcely
 finished before the other begins.
   Fever, Sun, Dengue—f. Sweating, Sudor An-
 glieus.
   Fever, Syn'copal, Febris syncopa'lis seu  mi-
 nu'ta, (F.)  Fiivre syncopate.  A  variety of per-
 nicious intermittent, in which  there is, in  every
 paroxysm,  one or more faintings.
   Fever, Syvochoio, Synochus.
   Fever, Svphilit'ic, Febris syphilitica. Fever,
 accompanying syphilis, or supposed to be owing
 tn a syphilitic taint.
   Fever,  Ter'tian,  Febris tertia'na.  A  fever,
 whose paroxysm returns  on the third day,  and
 consequently everv two days.
   Fever, Third Day, Tertian.
   Fever,  Trag"ic,  Fcbris  Trag"ica.   A  low
 fever, in  which the patient declaims like an actor
 during the delirium.
    Fever, Traumat'ic, Febris traumat'ica.   The
 fever, which supervenes on wounds or great  sur-
 gical  operations.
    Fever, Trembling, Intermittent fever—f. Ty-
 phoid, see  Typhus—f. Typhoid, of India, Cholera
 —f. Typhous, Typhus — f. Varicellar, see Vario-
 loid—f. Varioloid, see Varioloid.
    Fever,  Ver'minous, Febris vermino'sa, Ilel-
  minthop'yra, Worm fever.  Fever,  produced by
  tbe presence of worms  in the digestive tube, or
  accompanied by their expulsion.
    Fever,  Vernal, Febris verna'lis.  An inter-
  mittent or other fever occurring in the spring.
  Vernal intermittents were formerly  considered
  salubrious.
              " An ague in the  spring
               Is physio for a king."
    Fever, Vesicular, Pemphigus.
    Fever,  Wal'cheren,  Gall-sickness.  The re-
  mittents and intermittents to which  the British
  troops were  exposed, who were  attached to  the
  expedition to Walcheren,  in 1809.
    Fever,  Water Brain, Hydrocephalus inter-
  nus— f. Winter, see  Tongue, black—f. Worm,
  Verminous F. — f. Worm, spurious, Fever, infan-
  tile remittent.
    Fever,  Yellow, Febris fiava, F.  seu  Pestis
  America'na, F. fiava  Americano'rum, F. trop'ica,
  F.  enntirlua pn'triela ictero'des Carolinien'sis, E.
  elo'des ictero'des, F.  malig'na  bilio'sa Amer'ica,
  F.  malig'na. fiava India Occidenta'lis, F. tox'ica,
  Cholo'sis Arnerica'ria, Ochroty'phus, Loimocholo' -
  tis, Pestilen'tia hamagas'trica, Pestis occidenta'-
  lis seu intertrop'ica,  Vonlitus niger, Eparletus
  tnnlig'nusfiavus, Remitlens ictero'des, Tritaoph'ya
  America'na,  Typhus ictero'des, Ochrop'yra, Syrl-
 ochus ictero'des, Eude'mial Causus  of the  West
 Indies,  Causus  trop'icus  endetilicus, Bilious re-
 mitting yellow fever, 3falignant pestilential fever,
 Fiev.e jaune d'Amirique. F. matelote, F. gastro-
 adyuarnique, F. de  la Barbade,  F.  de Siam, F.
 Ictiriqne, F. Gastro-hipatique,  Typhus  miasma-
 tiqne  ataxiijiie putride janne, T. jaune, T. d'Ami-
 rique,  Yomito prieto,  Vomito negro,  31 al de Siam,
 Hamagas'tric Fever  or Pes'tilence, Black vomit,
 Bui am, Gibraltar and Barcclo'na Ferer,—vulg., in
 the West Indies, 3lnlat'to Jack and  Yellow Jack.
 A very acute and dangerous febrile affection  ; so
 called, because complicated, in its second  stage,
 with a  jaundiced appearance, accompanied  by
 vomiiing of black matter.  Sauvages, Cullen, and
others regard it as a variety of typhus; and Pinel,
as a species of gastro-adynamic, or bilious putrid
fever. It occurs, endemically, only within the tro-
pics ; but it has been met with epidemically in the
temperate regions.  Broussais regards the disease
as  gastro-enteritis, exasperated by  atmospheric
heat;  so that it runs  through its stages  witii
much greater rapidity than the  gastro-enteritis
of  our climates.  The yellow colour of the  skin,
according  to  him, is owing to  the  inflammation
of the small intestine,—and especially of the duo-
denum, — augmenting the secretion  of the liver,
and at  the same time  preventing  its discharge
into the duodenum.  The pathology of this affec-
tion, as  well as its origin, is still unsettled.  Tbe
treatment must  generally be of the most active
nature at the onset; consisting in bleeding largely,
and exhibiting  mercury, so as to  excite a new
 action, if possible; — the other symptoms being
 combated according  to general principles.  It
 must vary, however, according to the epidemic.
    Fever, Yellow, Mild, see Relapse.
    FEVERBUSH, Laurus benzoin,  Prinos.
    FEVER DROPS, WARBURG'S, see Bebeeru.
    FEVERET, Febricula,
    FEVERFEW, Matricaria.
    FEVERFOUILLIE, Matricaria.
    FE'VERISH, Fe'verous, Feb'riens, Febrico'sus,
 (F.) Ficvreux, from febris, 'fever.'  That which
 causes  fever or is febrifa'cient or  febrif'ic;  as
 feverish food, feverish  diathesis, Ac.  Also, the
 state  of one labouring under fever,  Fever-sick.
 If affected with  intermittent fever,  he is  said to
 be a'garified in  Suffolk, England.
    FE'VERISHNESS, Febricita'tio, Febricttlos'-
 ity.  The state of having fever.  A slight febrile
 disorder.
    FEVEROUS, Feverish.
    FEVERROOT, Pterospara andromedea.
    FEVERSICK, see Feverish.
    FEVERTREE, Pinckneya pubens.
    FEVERWOOD, Laurus benzoin.
    FEVERWORT, Eupatorium perfoliatum, Tri-
 osteuin.
    FEWS, Sempervivum tectorum.
    FEY, Psychorages.
    FEYK, Fidgets.
    FIBER, Castor fiber.
    FIBRA, Fibre —f.  Aurea, Coptis —f. Nervea,
 Nerve-fibre—f. Sanguinis, Fibrin.
    FIBRiE ARCIFORMES, see Arciform.
    FIBRE, Fibra, Is, Ctedon, Filttnr.  An organic
 filament, of a solid consistence, and more or less
 extensible, which enters into the composition of
 every animal and vegetable texture.  The simple
 or elementary fibre of the ancients, from a parti-
 cular assemblage and arrangement of which every
 texture  of the body was conceived  to  be consti-
 tuted, seems entirely ideal.  The moderns usually
 admit, with  Haller and  Blumenbach,  three ele-
 mentary fibres or tissues.  1. The cellular or lami-
 nated, formed chiefly of thin plates, of a whitirli
 colour and extensible, which seems  to consist of
 concrete gelatin. 2. The nervous, pulpy, or med'-
 ullary, formed of a soft substance,  contained in
 a  cellular  sheath,  and consisting  of albumen
 united to a fatty matter.  3. The muscular,  com-
 posed of round filaments, of a grayish or reddish
 colour, and formed of fibrin. Chaussier has added
 to these the albugineous fibre, but it,seems to
 differ from the cellular fibre only in  greater con-
 densation of the molecules.   See Fibrous.
    A very small or ultimate fibre is called a Fibril,
 Fibrilla.
    Fibre, Albugineous, see Albuginea.
    FIBRE LTSSE, see  Muscular fibre—/ Strife,
 see Muscular fibre.
   FIBRES, CONVERGING.  Nervous fibres,
 whose office  it is to associate  different portions 
FIBREUX               392                   FICUS
of the nervous centres with each  other.  They
form tbe Commissures.
  Fibres, Diverg"ing. The fibres composing the
columns of the medulla oblongata, which separate
in their progress to the periphery of the cerebrum
and cerebellum.—Gall and Spurzheim.
  Fibres of Remak.  Fibres described by Remak
as peculiar to the sympathetic nerve, but which
Vilentin considers to be neurilemma, and to  con-
sist of fibro-cellular bundles.
  FIBREUX, Fibrous.
  FIBRIL, see Fibre.
  FIBRILLA, Fibril — f. Muscularis,  Muscular
fibre.
  FI'BRILLAR, Fibrilla'ris. Relating or apper-
taining to fibrils.
  FIBRILLA'TION,  Fibrilla'tio.   The forma-
tion of fibrils.
  FI'BRIN or Fib'rin,  Fibrine,  Fibri'na, Fi-
bri'ne,Fibra san'guinis, 31ate'ria fibro'sa, Lympha
plas'tica, 3Tatiere fibreuse du sang.  An immediate
i.nimal principle — solid, white, and inodorous;
insipid; heavier  than water; without  action on
tlie vegetable blues;  elastic,  when moist;  hard
and brittle  when dry.   It enters into the compo-
s tion of the chyle and the  blood, and  forms the
chief part of  the muscles of red-blooded animals.
Muscular  fibrin,  Syntonin, Musculin,  has  been
shown, however, to be different from that of the
blood.  In  certain  diseased  actions, Fibrin  or
 Coagulable lymph, gluten, is separated from the
blood, and  is found in considerable  quantity on
the surfaces of membranes,  and in the cavities  of
the body.   See Liquor Sanguinis.
   Fibrin  is likewise  a proximate  principle of
vegetables, and differs but little in chemical com-
position from animal fibrin; nor  does it  differ
much from albumen and  casein.
   Fibrin  is very  nutritious.
   FIBRINA'TION, Fibrina'tio.   The  act  of
adding fibrin to the blood.  The opposite to defi-
 brination.
   FIB'RINOUS,  Fibrino'sus,   (F.)  Fibrineux.
 That which is composed of  fibrin, or has the ap-
 pearance of fibrin.
   FIBRO.   In composition, appertaining or re-
lating to  fibrous  tissue.
   FIBRO-AREOLAR, Fibro-cellular.
   FIBRO-BRONCHITIS.  Fibrous or rheumatic
 inflammation of  the bronchial tubes.
   FIBRO-CAR'TILAGE,  Fibro-cartila'go.  An
 organic tissue, partaking of the nature of the
 fibrous tissue, and of that of  cartilage.  It  is
 dense, resisting,  elastic, firm, supple, and flexible.
 Fibro-cartilages  are distinguished into,—1.  3feni-
 b, uniform, or those which serve as  moulds to cer-
 tain parts,  as the alas  nasi and eyelids.  2.  Vagi-
 niform, or those  which form   sheaths  for the
 sliding of tendons.  3. Inter-articular, those which
 lire met  with in the movable  articulations.  4.
 Uniting. (F.) Fibro-cartilages d'union, which form
 a junction  between two bones, as the symphysis
 pubis.  Fibro-cartilages  are sometimes formed
 adventitiously, as the result of a morbid process
 in  different organs.
   Fibro-Cartilages, Tarsal,  see Tarsus.
   Fibro-Cartilagines Intervertebrales, In-
 tervertebral cartilages.
   FIBRO-CELL'ULAR, Fibro-cellula'ris, Fibro-
 are'olar,  Fibro-areohl ris.  That which partakes
 of the fibrous and  of the cellular tissue, as the
 fascia transversalis.
   Fibro-Cellular Tumour, Tumour, fibro-cel-
 lular.
   FIBROMA. Tumour, fibrous.
   FIBRO-MUCOUS, Fibro-muco'sus, (F.) Fibro-
 muqueux.   Possessing the  nature  of fibrous and
 of mucous membranes.   A   term  applied  to
 fibrous membranes, which  are  intimately united
 with other membranes  of a mucous nature,  ns
 the  pituitary  membrane,  the membrane  of  the
 urethra, Ac.
   FIBR0-PLASTIC,.F«7<™-/>(«VfiYK«, (F.) Fihro-
 plastique, from fibra, ' fibre,' and n-Aucrow, 'I form.'
 An epithet for a morbid formation, constituted of
 the  elements  of  areolar  tissue  transformed, ia
 part, into fibre.—Lebert.
   Fibro-Plastic  Tumour, Sarcoma.
   FIBRO-SEROUS, Fibro-sero'sus, (F.)  Fibro-
 sireux.  Possessing  the nature of  fibrous  and
 serous  membranes.   Membranes,  composed of a
 fibrous, and  a serous sheet, intimately united:—
 as the Dura 3Iater, Pericardium,  Tunica ulbu-
 ginea testis,  Ac.
   FIBROID, Fibrous, Tumour, fibrous.
   FI'BROUS, Fibro'sus, Fibroid,  (F.) Fibrenx.
 Composed of fibres.  Certain membranes, as the
 dura mater,  periosteum, ligamentous capsules of
 the  joints, Ac, are fibrous.  The fibrous  system
 of Bichat includes the  system of organs formed
 by the albugineous fibre of Chaussier.  It com-
 prises, particularly, the periosteum and perichon-
 drium : the articular capsules and ligaments; the
 tendons;  the  dura  mater,  pericardium,  tunica
 sclerotica, tunica albuginea testis,  outer mem-
 brane of the spleen, Ac.   Under  simple fibrous
 tissues, Tela fibro'sa, certain writers have classed
 the  white and yellow fibrous tissues, and areolar
 tissue. Both the yellow  and the  white may be
 detected in the areolar tissue.  The white is said
 to exist alone in ligaments, tendons, fibrous mem-
 branes, aponeuroses, Ac  The yellow, (F.) Tissn
 jaune,  exists separately  in the middle coat of the
 arteries, the chordae vocales, ligainentum nuchas
 of quadrupeds, Ac.   It differs from the white in
 possessing a high degree of elasticity, owing to
 the presence of a distinct principle, called by MM.
 Robin  and Verdeil,  ilasticine.
   Fibrous Growth, Tumour, fibrous — f. Matter
 of the Brain, see Cerebrum — f. Membranes, see
 Membranes, fibrous.
   FIB'ULA, (for Figibula [?] from fign, < to fix,')
 Cruris ra'dius, Carina minor, Os per'one, I'ero-
 ne'um, Foe"ile minus, Sura, Ariin'do minor, Fisl-
 ula Cruris. Tib'ia min'ima. Os tib'ia minus, Spell-
 bone, 'a  clasp.'  The splinter  bone of the  leg.
 (F.) Pironi.  The  long,  small bone, situate at
 the outer part of  the leg.   The superior or tibial
 extremity of the fibula is  rounded and forms the
 caput or  head.  It  is articulated with the tibia.
 Its  inferior  or  tarsal extremity is broader than
 the superior.  It is articulated with the tibia and
 astragalus,  and forms  the malleolus externus or
 outer ankle  by means  of  its  coronoid process.
 The body of  the  bone has  three faces, having
 more or  less prominent edges.  It is separated
 from the tibia  by the interosseous  space, nnd  is
 developed by three points of ossification ;  one at
 the body, and one at each  extremity.  It prevents
 the foot from turning outwards.
   FIBULAD, see Fibular aspect.
   FIBULAR, Peroneal.
   Fibular  Aspect.   An  aspect towards the side
 on which the fibula is situated.—Barclay,  Fib'-
 ulad is used by the same writer adverbially, to
 signify 'towards the fibular aspect.'
   FIBULATIO, Infibulatio.
   FIC, Ficus.
   FTC AIRE, Ranunculus ficaria.
   FICARIA, Scrophularia  aquatica—f. Commu-
 nis, Ranunculus  ficaria—f.  Ranunculoides, Ra-
 nunculus ficaria—f.  Verna, Ranunculus ficaria.
   FICATIO, Ficus.
   FICICION.  Physician.
   FICOSA  EMINENTIA. Ficus.
   FICUS, Sye,  Sy'cea. Sycitm, Syco'sis, Syco'-
 ma, Fica'tio, Fico'sus Tumor, Fieo'sa eminen'tia,
ii 3Iaris'ca, (F.) Fie.   A  fleshy excrescence, often 
FIDERIS                 393             FILTRATION
soft and reddish, sometimes  hard and scirrhous,
baniring by a peduncle, or  formed like a fig;
occurring on  the  eyelids,  chin,  tongue, anus, or
organs of  generation.   The  fici seated on  the
ln-t-mentioned parts are generally of a syphilitic
character.
  Ficus, F. Carica.
  Ficus  Cak'ica, F.  vulga'ris  seu  commu'nis.
The systematic name of the fig tree ; (F.) Figuier:
Ord. Urticaceae.   Carica,  Fiats, Syce, ovtcn, (F.)
Pique:  the Jig — is a  pleasant  fruit when ripe:
as well as when  dried  in the state in which it is
found in the  shops — Ficus, (Ph.  U. S.)  It is
used, at times, in  place of a cataplasm; especially
in gum-boils.
   Ficus  Communis, F.  Carica—f. Indiae grana,
 Coccus  cacti — f.  Indiea, Musa  paradisiaca. see
 Caoutchouc, Carica papaya, and Lacca — f. Reli-
 giosa, see Lacca.
   FIDERIS, MINERAL  WATERS OF.   These
 waters, in the Canton of the Grisons, are strong,
 acidulous, and alkaline, and possess  all the vir-
 tues of the class.
   FIDOETS.   Of doubtful  etymology.   Dys-
 phoria simplex, D. nervo'sa,  Ercthis'inns simplex,
 Titiibn'tio,  Creepers, (Sc) Feyk, (F.) Fritillement.
 General restlessness and troublesome uneasiness
 of  the nerves  and muscles, with increased sensi-
 bility, and inability of fixing the attention, ac-
 companied with a perpetual desire of changing
 tbe position.   See Agnccment des Nerfs.
   FIDK'INALES, Lumbricales manus.
   FIE. Psychorages.
   FIEL, Bile—/ de Beeuf, Bile of the ox—/
 de Tene, Fumaria.
   FIELDWEED, Anthemis  cotula,  Erigeron
 Philadelphicum.
   FIEXTE, Fimus.
   FIEVRE,  Fever—/   d'Accis,  Intermittent
 fever—/  Adynamiqne, Typhus—/  Algide, see
 Algidus—/ d'Amour,  Fever, erotic—/ Angeio-
 tiniquc, Synocha—/ Annuelle,  see Annual Dis-
 eases—/  Ardent, Ardent  fever, Synocha—/
 Ataxique,  Typhus —/ de  la Barbade, Fever,
 yellow—/ Bulleuse, Pemphigus—/ des Camps,
 Typhus gravior—/ Catarrhale, Catarrh—/ Ca-
 tarrhale ipidimiqne, Influenza—/. Ciribrale, Ce-
 rebral fever—/ Ciribrale des Enfans, Hydroce-
 phalus internus—/ Ciribro-spinal,  Meningitis,
 cerebro-spinal—/ Gholirique, Choleric  fever —
 /. de  Consomption, see Consumption—/  Conti-
 nente  in/lammatoire,  Synocha—•/.  Dilirante,
 Fever, delirious—/ Double,  Fever, double—/
 Doublie, Fever,  double —/ Entiro-mesentirique,
 Typhoid  fever—/  Ephimere,  Ephemera.—/
 Etique,  Hectic  fever—/.  Gastro-adynamrqne,
 Fever, yellow—f. Gastro-hipatique, Fever, yellow
 —f. Hcctique, 1 lectio fever—-f. de Hongrie, Fever,
 Hungarie—/  d'Hopital, Typhus gravior—/ Ic-
 tirique, Fever, yellow—■/. Infiammatoire, Synocha
 —/ Intermittent!-, Intermittent fever—/  Inter-
 mittent e  paludienne,  see  Elodes—/  Irritative,
 Synocha—/. Jaune d'Amiriqne, Fever,  yellow—
 / Lactic, Fever, milk—/. de Lait, Fever, milk—
 /. Lttitense,  Fever,   milk —/  Larrie,  Fever,
 masked—/ Lenticulairr,  Typhus gravior—-/.  du
 Levant,  Plague—/  dis  Mantis,  Intermittent
 fever—/". 3laremmaliqne, see Elodes—-/. 3Iatcfote,
 Fever, yellow—/  3Iiningo-gastriqne,  Fever, gas-
 tric—f. Misentirique, see  Typhus—•/.  de  la Mois-
 *on, Fever, gastric—/ 3lorbillcusc, Rubeola — /'.
 Nerreuse, Typhus mitior—-/. Nosocomiale, Typhus
 gravior—/ Ortiie, Urticaria—•/. Oscitante, Osci-
 tant fever—■/. Paludienne, see Elodes—•/. Pirio-
 tlique, Intermittent  fever—/ Piripneumonique,
 Pneumonia—/  Perniciense dilirante,  see Deli-
 rious —/  Pleurilique, Pleurisy —/ des Prisons,
 Typhus  gravior—/  Pneumonique,  Pneumonia—
 / Pourprie, Scarlatina—/ Puerpirale, Fever,
 puerperal, see Peritonitis—/.  Quarte, Quartan—
 / Quotidienne,  Quotidian—/ ti  Rechute,  see
 Relapse—/ Rimittente,  Remittent fever —/
 Rhumatismule,  Rheumatism,  acute—/  Rouge,
 Roseolas, Scarlatina—/ Sanguine,  Synocha—/
 Semitierce, Hemitritasa—/ de Siam, Fever, yel-
 low—-/. Suartte, Sudor Picardicus—■/. Syncopule,
 see Fever  syncopal,  and Syncopal—/  Tin-ce,
 Tertian fever—/ Typhoide, see Typhus—/ Yisi-
 culaire, Pemphigus.
   FlEVREUX, Feverish.
   FIG,  see  Ficus  carica — f. Indian,  Cactus
 opuntia.
   FIGl'E, see Ficus  carica.
   FIGUIER, Ficus  carica—/ d'lnde, Cactus
 opuntia.
   FIGURA VENOSA, Circulus venosus.
   FIGURATIO, Imagination.
   FIGURE, Countenance.
   FIGURE, (F.)  An epithet for a compressive
 bandage,  applied  over  the  head after bleeding
 from the  frontal  vein.  It has  also been  called
 bandage royal.
    FIG WORT, Scrophularia nodosa — f. Water,
 greater, Scrophularia aquatica.
    FILACEOUS, Filamentous.
   FILA NERVEA, Nerve-fibres—f. Spermatica,
 Spermatozoa.
   FILAIRE DE 3IEDINE, Dracunculus.
   FIL'AMENT, Filum, Filamen'tiim, from filum,
 'a  thread.'  This word is  used synonymously
 with fibril;  thus, we say, a  nervous or cellular
 filament or fibril.   Also,  the  glairy,  thread-like
 substance which forms in the  urine in some dis-
 eases, and which  depends on  a particular secre-
 tion from the mucous membrane of the urinary
 passages.
   FILAMEN'TOUS, Filamento'sus.  Filaceous;
 threadlike;  filiform.   Same etymon.  Containing
 threadlike  substances, as the tunica fi/amentosa
 or decidua: — Filamentous urine; urine contain-
 ing threadlike substances.
   FILAMENTUM, Frasnum.
    FILARIA  GUINEENSIS, Dracunculus —f.
 Hominis bronchialis,  see  Worms—f. Medinensis,
 Dracunculus—f. Oculi, see Worms.
   FILBERT, Corylus avellana.
   FILE, DENTAL, Lima dentaria.
   FILELLUM, Frasnum.
   FILET (DE LA LANGUE), Frasnum —/ de
 la Verge, Frasnum penis—/ Opiration du, see
 Fraenum.
   FILETUM, Frasnum lingua?.
    FILICULA, Polypodium filix mas—f. Dulcis,
 Polypodium  vulgare.
   FILTFORM, Filifiorm'is, from filum, 'a thread,'
 and forma, 'form.' Having the shape of a thread ;
 as the "filiform papillas of the tongue;" a "fili-
 form pulse."  See Papillas.
   FILING, Lima tio.
   FILIPENDULA,  Spirasa filipendula,.
   FIL1US ANTE PATREM, Tussilago.
   FILIX F03MINEA, Pteris aquilina —f. Flo-
i rida, Osmunda regalis—f. Mas, Polypodium filix
\ mas—f. Non ramosa dentata, Polypodium filix mas
! —f. Nymphaea, Pteris aquilina—f. Pinnnta, Poly-
 podium filix mas—f. Veneris, Adiantum pedatum.
   P1LLE, Girl.
[i   FILLET,  Fascia,  Laqueus — f. of the  Corpus
| Callosum, Gyrus fornicatus.
    FILLING. A term employed in dentistry for
 the  operation of stuffing  the  cavity of a carious
j! tooth with some indestructible substance, to pre-
: vent the access  of extraneous matters—Odonto-
I plero'sis.   See Plugging.
')    FILTRA'TION, Filtra'tio, Percola'tio,  E'thi-
 sis,  Ethis'mus. Same etymon as  the next.  A 
FILTRUM              394                 FISTULA
pharmaceutical operation, which consists in pass-
ing a fluid  through a filter or  strainer, for the
purpose of clarifying it.   In ancient physiology,
it  meant the action by which  the  different  hu-
mours  of  the body are separated from the mass
of the blood.
  FILTRUM.   A  filter.  (F.)  Filtre; —from
feutre,  'felt or fulled  cloth,' which was used to
form it.  Any  porous material; such  as  sand,
some  kinds of  freestone,  powdered   charcoal,
pounded gia ss, fla n nel, unsized paper, Ac, through
which a fluid is passed for the purpose of sepa-
rating it from the matters suspended in  it.
   FILUM,  Filament — f.  Musculare,  Muscular
fibre — f.  Tosniaforme, Tasniola.
   Filum Termina'le.   A slender ligament, pro-
longed  from the  nervous sheath, formed by the
spinal  pia mater, which  descends  through  the
centre  of  the  cauda equina,  and is attached to
the dura mater, lining the canal of  the coccyx.
   FIM'BRIA,  Parar'ma.  A  band, a fringe; as
the fimbria  or fimbriated or fringed extremity of
the Fallopian tube.
   FIM'BRIiE  CARNOSiE COLI,  Appendiculas
pinguedinosas — f.  Tubarum  Fallopii, see  Tube,
Fallopian.
   FIMBRIATED,  see Fimbria.
   FIMUS,  Bor'borus,  Onthus,  Stereus.   (F.)
Fiente.  Dung, excrement.
   Fimus seu Stercus An'seris, Goose-dung, was
applied as  a  poultice to the  feet  in malignant
fever.   See Chenocoprus.
   Fimus  Equi'nus, Stereus  equi non  castra'ti.
Stone horse-dung was once thought  antipleuritic.
   Fimus  Vacca, Cow-dung, was employed as a
cataplasm, especially in gout.
   FINCKLE, Anethum.
   FINGER, Digitus —f.  Middle, Medius digitus
—f. Ring, Annular finger—f. Stall,  Digitale.
   FINIS  ASPERiE ARTERIA, Larynx.
   FIOLE,  Phiala.
   FIPPLE, Lip, under.
   FIR, BALSAM,  Pinus  balsamea.
   Fir-Moss, Upright, Lycopodium selago.
   Fir,  Scotch, Pinus sylvestris—f. Spruce, Nor-
way, Pinus abies.
   Fir Tree, Silver, European, Pinus picea.
   Fir,  Yew-leaved, Pinus abies.
   FIRE DAMP, Hydrogen, carburetted—f. Per-
sian, Anthracion—f. St. Anthony's,  Erysipelas.
   Fire Weed, Erechthites hieracifolia, Senecio.
   FIRINti. Cauterization.
   FIRST INTENTION,  see Intention.
   FISHSKIN, Ichthyosis.
   FISH-TONGUE. (F.) Langue de Carpe.  An
instrument—so called from its shape — used by
some dentists for the  removal of the dentes sa-
pientias.
   FISSICULA'TIO, from fissiculare, 'to cut off,'
'open,' 'make incisions.'  An old  word for  an
opening made with a scalpel.
   FISSTPARITE, see Generation.
   FISSIPAROUS, see Generation.
   FISSURA,  Fissure —f. Canalis  Fallopii, see
Aquaeductus Fallopii—f.  Capillorum, Distrix—f.
Contrajacens,  Contra-fissura—f. Cerebri longitu-
dinals, Fissure,  longitudinal,  of the Brain — f.
Interlobularis,  Interlobular  fissure — f. Magna
vulvas,  see  Riina—f. Palpebrarum,  see  Palpebra
—f. Pilaris, Trichismus.
   Fissu'ra Longitudina'lis, Ante'rior et Pos-
te'rior.  Two vertical  fissures  in the median
line, in front of, and behind, the medulla oblon-
gata, which divide it superficially into two sym-
metrical lateral columns.
   Fissura  Transversa  Magna Cerebri, Fis-
sure, transverse,  of the Brain.
   FISSURE, Fissu'ra, Svhisma, Scissu'ra, Rhege,
Rhegina,  Rhegmus, from findere, fissum,  ' to
cleave;'  a long and narrow cleft or opening in a
bone—Rhage, payrj, Ceasma, Keaapa. (F.) Fissure,
Fente.
   Fissure has various acceptations: 1. A frac-
ture,  Catag'ma fissu'ra, in  which the bone  is
cracked, not separated, as  in fracture; 2.  A nar-
row, long, and superficial solution of  continuity,
around the  external  openings of the  mucous
'membranes.   A sort of chap—(F.) Gercure—ob-
served on the hands, particularly on  the callous
hands, of workmen, in  certain mechanical em-
ployments;  3. Small chapped ulcerations, some-
times  noticed in young children, owing  to the
contact of  the fasces  and urine  with  the  line,
delicate  skin  of  the thighs, nates, and genital
organs;  4. Clefts of a more or less deep nature,
occurring on  the genital organs in the vicinity
of the anus,  in those labouring under syphilis.
These are usually called rhagatles. See Monster,
   Fissure  of Bichat,  Fissure,  transverse, of
the Brain—f.  Capillary, see Pilatio.
   Fissure,  Central.  The aggregate of the ca-
vities  or ventricles  of the  brain.  Meckel consi-
ders them but one cavity, in the form of a cross.
   Fissure of Glaser, Fissure,  glenoid — f. of
Glaserius, F.  Glenoid.
   Fissure,  Glenoid, Fissure ofi Glaser or Glase'-
rius,  (F.) Fissure ou  Seissure de Glaser, Fente
gleno'idale ou Filure de  Glaser, divides the  gle-
noid cavity  of the temporal bone into two parts,
and gives passage to the chorda tyinpani. Ac.
   Fissure of the  Helix.   A small vertical fis-
sure of the helix of the ear, a little above the
tubercle for the attachment of the attrahens aurcm
muscle.
   Fissure,  Infraorbitar, Suborbitar fissure.
   Fissure,  Longitu'dinal, of the Brain, Fis-
su'ra cer'ebri longitudina'lis.   Tbe space  which
separates the  two hemispheres of the  brain.
   Fissure,  Orbitar, see Orbitar fissure—f. Or-
bitar,  inferior, Spheno-maxillary  fissure—f. Or-
bitar, superior, Sphenoidal fissure—f.  Portal, seo
Liver.
   Fissure  of Rolan'do.  A transverse fissure
placed between two superior cerebral  convolu-
tions,  which are  met  with above the fissure of
Sylvius.
   Fissure,  Semilu'nar.   A notch at tbe ante-
rior edge of  the cerebellum, where  it receives
fibres  which connect it  to the cerebellum  and
mesocephalon.
   Fissure of Syl'vius,  Fissu'ra seu Fossa 3Iag.
na Sylvii.   A deep, narrow sulcus, which ascends
obliquely backwards from the temporal ala of tho
sphenoid bone, near to the middle of the parietal
bone, and which parts the anterior and middle
lobes of  the cerebrum on each side.
   Fissure of the Tragus. A fissure on the an-
terior surface of the tragus of tbe ear.
   Fissure,  Transverse, of  the Brain, Great
transverse fissure, Fissure ofi Bichat, Fissu'ra seu
Rima  transversa  magna  cer'ebri.   A  fissure,
which passes  beneath and behind the  edge of tbe
middle lobe  of the  brain, and extends beneath
the hemisphere of one side to the same point of
the opposite side.
   FIST, Sax. pypt, ir-vypv, Pygme, Pugnus, (F.)
Poing.  The clenched hand.
   FIS'TULA, 'a pipe or reed,' Syrinx, Syrin'gn,
Aulos—when  of a small  size, Anlis'cos.  A solu-
tion of continuity,  of greater or less  depth and
sinuosity; the opening of which is narrow, and
the disease kept up by an altered texture of parts,
so that it is not disposed  to  heal.  A  fistula is
incomplete or blind, when it has but one opening;
and complete  when there are  two, the one com-
municating  with an internal cavity, the  other
externally.   It is lined, in its whole course, by
a membrane  which seems analogous to mucous 
FISTULES STERCORAIRES   39
FLAX
membranes.  Incomplete fistula  may be internal
or external.  The  former are those which  open
internally ; the latter those which open externally.
External incomplete fistula are kept up by caries
or necrosis of bones, by extraneous bodies in any
of the living  textures, or by purulent  cavities,
the walls of which have not become united.  In-
ternal incomplete fistula generally soon become
complete, since the discharge that escapes from
them into  the cavities into which they open has
a constant tendency to make its way outwardly,
and soon occasions ulceration of the integuments.
Fistulas have received different names, according
to the discharge which they afford, and the organs
in which they are seated,—as lachrymal, biliary,
salivary,  synorial,  urinary — Pis'tula urlna,
 U'rius.  The  great object of treatment, in  fistu-
lous  sores, is  to  bring on  an  altered condition of
the parietes of the canal,  by  astringent or stimu-
lating injections, caustics, the knife, pressure, Ac.
 Those which  are dependent on  diseased  bone,
 cartilage, tendon, Ac, do not heal until  after the
 exfoliation of the diseased part.   Fistulas  of ex-
 cretory ducts are produced  either by an  injury
 of the duct itself or  by the  retention and  accu-
 mulation of the fluids to which they have to give
 passage.   Thus,  Fis'tula lacryma'lis,  Dacryo-
 syr'inx,  Einphrag'nia lacrymn'le, Hydrops sued
 lacryma'lis, Dropsy of the lachrymal sac,  com-
 monly proceeds from  the obliteration of the nasal
 ducts, or from atony of the lachrymal sac; which
 circumstances prevent the tears from passing into
 the nostrils.
   Fistula in Ano, Archosyr'inx, generally occurs
 from some mechanical pressure or impediment.
 The principal indication  in the treatment of these
 fistulae of the  excretory canals being to put a stop
 to the constant discharge of the  secretions, Ac,
 through the preternatural channel, the fistulous
 passage  is at  times laid  open, and a communica-
  tion established with the natural excretory canal;
 at others, strong pressure is  employed to procure
  its obliteration.
   Fistula Belliniana. Uriniferous tube—f. Ci-
  balis, CEsophagus—f. Cruris, Fibula—f.  Dura:
  matris. Sinus of the dura mater — f. Lacrymalis,
  see Fistula—f. Mammas,  Mastosyrinx—f. Nervo-
  rum,  Neurilemma — f. Sacra,  Medulla  spinalis,
  Vertebral column—f. Spiritualis, Trachea — f.
  Urinaria, Urethra—f. Ureterum renum, see Calix
  — f.  Urinas,  see Fistula — f. Ventriculi,  Oeso-
  phagus.
    FISTULES STERCORAIRES, see Sterco-
  racpous.
   FIS'TULOUS.  Fistulo'sus, Syring"icus, Syrin-
 go'des, (F.) Fistuleux. Relating to, or resembling,
  a fistula;  as  'afistulous opening.'
    FIT, Pes.
    FIT-ROOT, Monotropa uniflora.
    FITS, NINE DAY. Trismus nascentium.
    FIVE  FINGERS, Panax  quinquefolium.
    FIXATIO  MONONCEA, Melancholy.
   FIXED, Fi.cus, from firgere,fixnrn, 'to fasten.'
  A body not capable of being volatilized by fire is
  said to be fixed.  Thus, we say fixed oils, in con-
  tradistinction to volatile oils.
   FIX EN, MINERAL  WATERS  OF.    This
  spring is four leagues from Waldsassen, in Bava-
 ria.  It  contains carbonic acid, holding in solu-
 tion carbonates  of lime  and magnesia,  chlorides
 of lime and magnesia, carbonate of soda and silica.
 In Bavaria, it replaces the Seltzer water.
   FIXI  DENTES.   The  teeth  of the second
 dentition.
   FLABELLA'TION, Flabella'tio, from fiabel-
 litre.  fiabellatum,  (from jlahrnm, 'a  blast of
 wind,') 'to agitate the air.'   An operation recom-
 mended  by  Ambrose Parts,  which consists  in
 keeping  fractured limbs  cool,  as well as  the
dressings  surrounding them, by the  renewal of
the air  around them, either by  the use of a fan,
or the repeated change  of position of the parts
affected.
  FLABELLUM  ET VENTILABRUM  COR-
DIS,  Pulmo.
  FLACCTDTTY,  Flaccid'itas,  from flaceiehts,
' flabby,' ' soft.'  Softness of a part, so as to offer
little resistance on pressure.
  FLAG, BLUE, Iris versicolor—f. Blue, slender,
Iris Yirginica—f. Dwarf. Iris lacustris—f. Myrtle,
Acorus  calamus—f. Root, Acorus calamus.
  FLAGELLATIO, Mastigosis.
  FLA3IBE, Iris  Germanica—/ Bdtard,  Iris
pseudacorus.
  FLA3TB01SE,  Ignis sylvaticus.
  FLAME. VITAL, Vital principle.
  FLAMED, Inflamed.
  FLAMMA, Fleam—f. Cordis, Biolychnium—f.
Vitalis, Biolychnium.
  FLA313IE, Fleam—/  Vitale, Vital principle.
  FLAMMETTE, Fleam.
  FLAMMON, Lachesis rhombeata.
  FLAMMULA, Fleam,  Ranunculus ficaria — f.
Cordis,  Biolychnium—f. Jovis, Clematis recta —
f. Vitalis, Animal  heat, Biolycbniuni,  Vital prin-
ciple.
  FLANCS, Flanks.
  FLANKS, Ilia, Ilea, La'gones, Lap'ara, Ce-
neo'nes, (Prov.) Lists, (F.) Planes. Les lies.  The
regions of the body which extend, on the sides,
from  the inferior margin of the chest to the crista
it ii.
  FLAP, (F.) Lambeau.  A  portion  of the soft
parts of the body  separated from those  beneath,
but still attached by the base.   Hence there may
be  'flap  wounds,' (F.)  Fifties  A lambeartx, and
'flap operations,'  (F.)  Opirations d lambeaux.
When the  flap is taken from  one part, and ap-
plied to another, in plastic operations, the opera-
tion is  said to be by migration of the flap, (F.)
3Iigration du Lambeau.  At  times,  the flap  is
made, to slide over the part to which it has to ad-
here:— the operation is then said to be by tbe
sliding  ofi the flap, (F.)  Glisseinent du Lambeau.
The flap  is also,  at times, rolled, inverted, Ac,
(F.) Ronlement ou Inversion du  Lambeau.
  Flap-dock, Digitalis.
  Flap Operation of Amputation,  Amputation
& lambeaux.
  FLAT  TOP, Vernonia Noveboracensis.
  FLATUARIUS, Alchymist.
  FLATUEUN, Windy.
  FLAT'ULENCE, Flatulerltia, Flatus,  Flatrt-
trs'itas,  A'erifiux'us,  Pneumato'sis,  Pneumatosis
ventric'uli et enter'ica, Bdes'ma, Hyperpneus'tiu,
Clydon, Physa,  Polyphy'sia,  Limo'sis  Fla'tus,
Ereux'is, Bombus, F/atuos'ity, Wind,  Wind'iness,
 Veritas'ity,  Vapour,  (F.) Yentositi,  Flatuositi,
 Vents;  from fio, fiatum, ' to blow.' AVind emitted
from, or accumulated in, the  digestive tube espe-
cially.
  FLATULENT,  Windy.
  FLATULENTIA, Flatulence.
  FLATUOSITE, Flatulence.
  FLATUOSITY, Flatulence.
  FLATUS, Crepitation, Flatulence—f. Furiosus,
Ambulo-flatulentus—f. Spinas, Spina  ventosa.
  FLAVEDO  CORTICUM  CITRI,  see  Citrus
medica.
  FLAVOUR, from (F.) fairer, 'to smell.'  The
quality of a sapid body, which is appreciated by
the taste and  smell  combined, and  more espe-
cially by the latter.  Some physiologists consider
that flavour is effected through the smell alone.
   FLAVUS, Yellow.
  FLAX. COMMON, Linum usitatissiraum — f.
Purging, Linum catharticum—f. Seed, see Linum 
FLEA                  396                FLEXOR
usitatissimum — f. Seed tea, Infusum lini compo-
situm—f. Toad, Antirhinum linaria.
  FLEA. COMMON. Pulex irritans.
  FLEABANE, GREAT, Conyza  squarrosa—f.
Various-leaved,   Erigeron  heterophyllum—f.
Canada, Erigeron  Canadense—f. Narrow-leaved,
Erigeron Philadelphicum — f.  Philadelphia, Eri-
geron  Philadelphicum — f.  Skevish,  Erigeron
Philadelphicum.
  FLEAM,  Flamma, Flam'mula,  Schaste'rion,
Fosso'rium,  Phlebolomum.  A  surgical instru-
ment used  for the  operation of phlebotomy.  (F.)
F/amme, Flammette.  It consists of a small me-
tallic box,  containing a spear-pointed cutting in-
strument,  which,  by means of a spring, can  be
forced into the  vein.  It is much used in  Ger-
many and  some other European countries, and is
not unfrequently  employed in America;  but is
scarcely ever seen in France or Great Britain.
  FLEAWORT, Plantago psyllium.
  FLECHTSSEUR, Flexor—/ Court commun
des  orteils, Flexor  brevis  digitorum pedis —/
 Court du petit doigt, Flexor parvus minimi digiti
—/ Court  du petit orteil. Flexor brevis minimi di-
giti pedis—-/. Prof and des doigts, Flexor profun-
dus perforans—-/.  Sublime des doigts. Flexor sub-
liinis perforatus—■/. Superficiel des doigts,  Flexor
sublimis perforatus—-f. Court elugros orteil, Flexor
brevis pollicis pedis—/. Grand commun des orteils,
Fiexor  longus digitorum pedis profundus perfo-
rans—/ Long commun des orteils, Flexor longus
digitorum  pedis profundus perforans—■/. Long du
gros orteil, Flexor longus pollicis pedis—-/. Court
du  pouce. Flexor brevis pollicis manus.
   FLECK, Abrasion.
  FLECTENS  PAR LUMBORUM, Quadratus
lumborum.
   FLEGMEN, Flemen.
   FLEMEN, Flegmen.    A  tumour  about the
ankles.  Also, a chap on the feet and hands.
   FLERECIN, Gout.
   FLESH, Caro,  Sarx, (F.)  Chair.  Every soft
 part of an animal is  so  named; but more parti-
 cularly the  muscles, which are called  muscular
 Jlesh.
   Flesh,  Proud, Fungosity.
   FLESHY, Corpulent.
   FLETUS. Lacrytnatio.
   FLEUR  DE  COUCOU,  Primula  veris—/
 Sainte-Catherine, Nigella—/  de Suinte-Jacques,
 Tblaspi bursa—/  de Tous les mois,  Calendula
 officinalis,
   FLEURS. Flowers,  Menses—/ de Benjoin,
 Benjamin—-/. Blanches, Leucorrhoea—f. de  3Ius-
 cade, Mace—f. de Soufre, Sulphur sublimatum.
   FLEXIBILITY,  Fle.cibilitas,  from flectere,
 fiexitm, ' to bend.'  Capability of being bent.  A
 physical  property of  the  tissues,  which varies
 greatly according to the structure.  The tendons
 exhibit this property in  a marked manner.
   FLEXIO, Campsis, Flexion.
   FLEX'ION,  Flex'io, Campe.  Same etymon.
 The state  of being bent.   The  action of a flexor
 muscle.
   FLEXOR.  Same  etymon.   (F.) Flichisseur.
 A muscle, whose  office it is to  bend certain parts.
   Flexor Brevis Digito'p.um Pedis Perfora'-
 TUS, F. Snbli'mis seu brevis seu digito'rum brevis
 seu perforatus pedis, Perfora'tus sen fiexor secun'di
 interno'dii digito'rum pedis, (F.) Calcanio-sous-
 phalangettien commun,—Galea nio-sous-phalangi-
 uien commun, — (Ch.),  3fuscle  court fiiehisseur
 commun des orteils.  A muscle,  placed  at the
 middle of the sole of the foot.   It is  narrower
 and thicker behind than before, where it is  di-
 vided into four portions.   It arises from the pos-
 terior part of the inferior surface of the os calcis,
 and is  inserted  at the inferior surface  of the
 second phalanx of the  last four toes.  It bends
the second phalanges of the toes on the first.,ind
the first on the metatarsal bones ; in this manner
augmenting the concavity  of the vault  of the
foot.
  Flexor Brevis Minimi Digiti,  F. Parvus mi-
nimi digiti.
  Flexor Brevis Min'imi Dig"iti Pedis, Para'.
thenar minor, (F.) Court fiiehisseur du petit orteil,
'Tttrso-sous-jdtalaugien du  petit orteil—(Ch.)  A
muscle, situate at the anterior and outer part of
the sole of the foot.   It arises from the posterior
extremity of the fifth metatarsal bone, and is in-
serted into the posterior part of the first phalanx
of the little toe, which it bends.
  Flexor Brevis Pol'licis Manus, F. secun'di
interno'dii,  F. primi et secun'di  ossis pol'licis,
Thenar, (F.) Court fiiehisseur du  pouce,  Carpo-
phalangien du pouce—(Ch.), Demi-interossenx tin
pouce.  A muscle, situate  at the outer part of the
palm  of the hand.  It is divided into two portions
by the tendon of the Flexor  longus pollicis.  It
arises from the os magnum, the anterior annulnr
ligament of the carpus and the third metacarpal
bone ; and is inserted into  the superior  part of
the first phalanx of the thumb, and into the two
ossa sesamoidea at  the  articulation  of the first
phalanx with the  first metacarpal  bone.   Its use
is to bend the first phalanx of the thumb  on the
first  metacarpal bone, and the latter upon the
trapezium.
   Flexor Brevis Pol'licis Pedis, F. brevis seu
hallucis seu  brevis pol'licis, (F.) Tarso-phulun-
gien du pouce, Court, fiiehisseur  du gros orteil,
Tarso-sous-2)halangettien du premier orteil—(Ch.)
It is situate at the anterior  and inner part of the
sole of the foot; is thin and narrow behind, thick
and divided into  two portions  before.  It arises
from  the inferior part of the os calcis and the last
two cuneiform bones, and is inserted at the infe-
rior part of the base  of the  first phalanx  of the
great toe, and into the two sesamoid bones of the
corresponding metatarso-phalangian articulation.
It bends the first phalanx of the great toe on the
first metacarpal bone.
   Flexor Carpi Radialis, Palmaris magnus—
f. Carpi ulnaris, see Cubital (muscles)—f. Hallu-
cis, F. brevis  pollicis pedis—f. Hallucis  longus,
F. longus pollicis pedis.
   Flexor Longus  Digito'rum Pedis Profun'-
DUS Per'forans; Perforans seu Flexorpioj'un'-
dus,  Perodactyle'us,  Peronodactylins,  Perono-
dactylia'us,  Perorredactylitis. Flexor  digito'rum
longus seu Perforans pedis, Perforans  seu Flexor
tertii  internodii digito'rum pedis ;  (F.) Tibio-pha-
langettien—(Ch.), Grand Ou long fiiehisseur com-
mun des orteils.  A muscle, situate at  the poste-
rior and deep-seated part of the  leg.  It is  broader
at its middle than at its extremities, the  inferior
of  which is divided into four portions.  It arises
from  the  posterior surface  of  the tibia,  and its
tendons are attached to the posterior part of the
lower surface of the  three phalanges  of the last
four toes.   It  bends  the three phalanges  on each
other, and  the toes on the metatarsus, and ex-
tends the foot on the leg.
   The Accesso'rius  Flexo'ris Longi  Digito'rum
Pedis,  Caro   quadra'ta  Sylvii,  C.  accesso'ria,
3fassa. car'nea Jaco'bi Sylvii,  Plantu'ris verus,
(F.)  Accessoire du  long  fiiehisseur commun  des
orteils, Carrie (Chair,) is a small muscle of the
sole of the foot, which passes obliquely from the
os calcis to the outer edge of the flexor longus,
whose force it augments, arid corrects its obliquity.
   Flexor  Longus  Pol'licis  Manus, F. longus
pollicis, F. tertii interno'dii seu longis'simus pol-
licis ; (F.)  Raclio-phalangettien du pouce,—(Ch.)
Situate at the anterior and  profound part of the
forearm.   It arises from the upper three quarters
of the anterior surface of the radius and inferos- 
FLEXURA
397
FLUELLEN
seous ligament, and is inserted, by a tendon, into
the anterior surface of the  last phalanx  of the
thumb.   It bends  the  second  phalanx of the
thumb on the first; the first on the corresponding
metacarpal bone, and this upon the radius.  It
can, also, bend the hand on the forearm.
  Flexor Longus Pol'licis Pedis, F. Hallucis
seu Pollieis longus, (F.)  Pironio-jihalangien du
gros orteil, Long fiiehisseur du gros orteil, Pironio-
eons-Phalaugettie.n du pouce,—(Ch.) It is situate
at the posterior and profound part of the leg.  It
arises from the posterior surface of the fibula and
tbe interosseous  ligament,  and  is inserted, by
means of  a long tendon,  into the  inferior part  of
the first phalanx of the great toe.  It bends the
third  phalanx on the first, and this upon the cor-
responding  metatarsal bone.   It  augments the
concavity of the sole of the foot, and extends the
foot on I be leg.
   Flexor Parvus  Min'imi Dig"iti, F.  brevis
minimi digiti manus, Abductor minimi digiti, Hy-
ptrth'enar  Riola'ni seu minimi digiti, (F.)  Carpo-
phalangien du petit doigt—(Ch.), Court fiiehisseur
du petit  doigt.  It arises from the anterior an-
nular ligament of the carpus and the  process  of
 the os unciforme, and is inserted at the inner side
 of the superior extremity of the first phalanx  of
the little finger.  It bends the first phalanx of the
 little  finger.
   Flexor Perforans, F. profundus perforans—
 f. Perforatus,  F.  sublimis  perforatus — f.  Primi
 internodii, Opponens pollicis—f. Primi internodii
 digitorum  manus, Lumbricalis  manus—f.  Primi
 et secundi ossis pollicis, F. brevis pollicis manus.
   Flexor Profun'dus  Per'forans,  F. Profun-
 dus seu Per'forans  seu ter'tii interno'dii digito'-
 rum manus, Perforans manus ; (F.) Cubito-phulan-
 gettien commun — (Ch.), Fiiehisseur prof and des
 doigts.  A thick, flat, long muscle, seated beneath
 the Flexor sublimis perforatus. Its upper extremity
 is simple,  and arises from the anterior surface of the
 ulna and  from the interosseus ligament. Its infe-
 rior extremity terminates by four tendons, which,
 after having  passed through  slits  in the sub-
 limis, are inserted into the anterior surface of the
 last  phalanges of the  four fingers.   It  bends
 the third  phalanges on the  second, and, in other
 respects has the same use as the flexor sublimis
 perforatus.
   Flexor Secundi Internodii Digitorum Pedis,
 F. brevis  digitorum pedis—f. Tertii internodii, F.
 longus pollieis manfls—f. Tertii internodii digito-
 rum mantis, F. profundus perforans—f.  Tertii in-
 ternodii  digitorum pedis,  F. longus  digitorum
 pedis  profundus  perforans — f.  Ossis  metaenrpi
 pollicis, Opponens pollicis — f.  Perforatus pedis,
 F. brevis  digitorum pedis—f. Sublimis, F. brevis
 digitorum pedis.
   Flexor Subli'mis Perfora'tus, F. Perforel-
 tns, (F.),Fiiehisseur sublime ou superficiel des
 doigts,  Epitroklo-phalanginien commun, — (Ch.)
 It is a thick, flat, muscle, seated at the anterior
 part of the forearm.  Its upper extremity, which
 is simple, arises from the internal condyle  of the
 os humeri; — from the eoronoid process  of the
 ulna, and from the  anterior edge of  the  radius.
 Its lower  extremity  divides into four tendons,
 which slide under the anterior annular ligament
 of the carpus, and are inserted  into the second
 phalanges of the  last four  fingers, after  having
 been slit to allow the tendons of the flexor pro-
 fundus to pass through them.  This muscle bends
 the second phalanges on the first; these  on the
 carpal bones,  and the hand on the forearm.
   FLEXURA,  Curvature—f.  Iliaca, Sigmoid
 flexure—f. Sigmoiilea, Sigmoid flexure.
   FLICK. Epiploon.
   FLIXWEED, Sisymbrium sophia.
   FLOATING, Hasmorrhagia.
  FLOCCI, see Villous membranes—f. Volitantes,
see Metamorpbopsia.
  FLOCCILATION, Carphologia.
  FLOCCILEGIUM, Carphologia.
  FLOCCITATION, Carphologia.
  FLOCCOIU'M VENATIO, Carphologia.
  FLOCCULI, see Villous membranes.
  FLOCCULUS; diminutive of fioccus, 'a lock
of wool'—Pneumogas'tric  lob'ule, Lob'ulns pnett-
mogas'tricus.   A long  and  slender prominence,
extending from the side of  the vallecula around
the corpus restiforme to the crus cerebelli, lying
behind the filaments of the pneumogastric nerves.
  FLO It DE MISTELA, see Mistura.
  FLORENCE, CLIMATE  OF.  This agreeable
Italian city is  by no means a favourable residence
for the phthisical invalid.   Sir James Clark af-
firms, indeed, that he does not know any class
of invalids for whom Florence offers a favourable
residence.   It is subject to  sudden vicissitudes
of temperature, and to  cold, piercing winds du-
ring the winter and spring.
   FLORES BENZOES, Benjamin, flowers of—
f. Boracis, Boracic  acid — f. Cosso, see Hagenia
Abyssinica—f. Macidos, see Myristica moschata
f. Macis, Mace—f. Martiales, Ferrum ammoniatum
— f. Salis ammoniaci martiales, Ferrum ammo-
niatum.
   FLORIDA, CLIMATE OF.see Saint Augustine.
   Florida, Waters of.   Near Long  Lake,  in
Florida, United States, which communicates with
St. John's River by a small creek, there is a vase
fountain of  hot mineral  water, issuing from a
bank of the river.  From its odour it would seem
to be sulphureous.
   F LOR ION, Influenza.
   FLOS, Anthos.  A flower.  Also, the finest and
noblest part of the body, and virginity.
   Flos, Jovis, Crocus—f. Lactis, Cremor lactis—■
f.  Salis, Soda, subcarbonate of—f. Sanguineus
monardi, Tropaeolum majus — f. Trinitatis, Viola
tricolor—f. Virginitatis, Hymen.
   FLOUR,  COLD, Pinoli.
   Flour, Patent, Jones's.  A  farinaceous pre-
paration, which is  said to consist of wheat-flour,
with  tartaric acid and carbonate of soda.
   Flour, Potato, see Solanum tuberosum.
   FLOWER DE LUCE, Iris Germanica.
   FLOWERS, Flares, (F.) F/eurs.   The ancient
chymists gave this name to different solid and
volatile substances  obtained by sublimation. The
term is not yet entirely banished from chymical
and medical  language, as Flowers  of Benjamin,
Florcers of Sulphur, Ac.
   Flowers, Menses.
   Flowers, Four Carmin'ative, Qualuor fiorcs
carminatlvi, were chamomile, dill, fever-few, and
melilot.
   Flowers, Four  Cor'dial, Qualuor fi'ores cor-
dia'les, were formerly, borage, bugloss, roses, and
violets.
   FLUCTUATIO,  Fluctuation—f.  Aurium, Tin-
nitus aurium.
   FLUCTUA'TION, Eluctua'tio, from finciuare,
fiuctuatum,  (jlnctus,  ' a  wave,') ' to  undulate.'
 Undula'tio,  (F.)  Ondulation.   The undulation
of a  fluid  collected in any natural or artificial
cavity, which is felt by pressure or by percussion,
properly practised — periph'eric fluctuation.   In
ascites, the fluctuation  is felt by one of the hands
being applied to one side of the abdomen whilst
the other side is struck with  the other hand.   In
abscesses, fluctuation is perceived by pressing on
the tumour, with one  or  two fingers alternately,
on opposite points.
   Fluctuation, Peripheric, see Fluctuation—f.
Rhonchal, see Rhonchal—f. by Succussion, see
Succussion.
   FLUELLEN, Antirhinum elatine. 
FLUELLIN
398
FCETAL
  FLUELLIN, Veronica.
  FLUEURS, Menses—/  Blanches,  Leucor-
rhoea.
  FLUID, Flu'idus, from fiuere, 'to flow.'   The
human body is chiefly  composed of fluids.   If
one, weighing 120 pounds, be thoroughly dried
in  an  oven, the  remains  will be found not to
weigh  more than 12  or  13 pounds; so that the
proportion of fluids  to  liquids in the body  is
about 9 or 10 to 1.
Table of Fluids of the  Human Body.
Exhaled or
Perspiratory.
4.  Follicular.
5.  Glandular.
  Blood.
  Lymph.
                'Transpiration of the mucous,
                   serous, and synovial mem-
                   branes ; of the areolar mem-
                   brane ; of the adipous cells;
                   of the medullary membrane;
                   of the interior of the thyroid
                   gland; of the thymus; supra-
                   renal  capsules ;  eye ;  ear;
                   vertebral canal, Ac
                ' Sebaceous humour of the skin ;
                   cerumen ; gum  of the eye;
                   mucus of the mucous glands
                   and  follicles;   that  of  the
                   tonsils, of the glands of the
                   cardia, the environs  of the
                   anus, the prostate,  Ac.
                 Tears;  saliva; pancreatic fluid;
                   bile;  cutaneous transpiration;
                   urine; fluid of the glands of
                   Cowper;  sperm;  milk;  of
                   the  testes and  mammas  of
                   the new-born  child.
  Fluid, Burnett's Disinfecting,  see Burnett
— f.  Cephalo-rachidian,  Cephalo-spinal  fluid
— f. Cephalo-spinal,  Cephalo-spinal  fluid — f.
Cerebro-spinal, Cephalo-spinal fluid — f.  Deodo-
rizing, Ellerman's, see Ellertnan— f.  Ledoyen's
Disinfecting, see Ledoyen—f. of Scarpa,  Vitrinc
auditive—f.   Subarachnoidean,  Cephalo-spinal
fluid.
  FL UIDE SE31TXA L, Sperm.
  FLUIDUM  NERVEUM,  Nervous  fluid —f.
Cerebro-spinale, Cephalo-spinal fluid.
  FLUKE, Distoma hepaticum—f. Liver, Disto-
ma  hepaticum.
  FLUMEN DYSENTERTCUM,  Dysentery.
  FLUMMERY, (Scotch) Sowens. A preparation
of oatmeal, which forms  a light  article  of food
during convalescence.  It may be  made as fol-
lows:—Take of oatmeal or groats,  a  quart.  Rub
with two quarts of hot water,  and let the mixture
stand until it  becomes sour;  then  add another
quart of hot water, and strain through a hair sieve.
Let it stand till a white sediment is  deposited;
decant, and wash the  sediment with cold water.
Boil this with  fresh water till  it forms a mucilage,
stirring the whole time.
  FLUOR, Flux—f. Albus Intestinorum, Coeliac
flux—f.  Albus  malignus,  Gonorrhoea impura — f.
Muliebris, Leucorrhoea — f. Muliebris  non Galli-
cus, Leucorrhoea — f. Sanguinis pulmonutn, Hae-
moptysis—f. Sanguinis vesicas, Cystorrhagia.
  FLUSH, Flushing.^  (F.) Rongeurs, Bouffei de
Chaleitr; from (G.) Fliessen, 'to flow.'   The
temporary redness and heat produced by accumu-
lation of blood in the capillaries of the face ; as
the  sudden 'flush' or ' blush of emotion :' the 'flush
of hectic'
  FLUX, Fluxus, Profiu'vium, Fluor, fromfiuere,
'to  flow.'  A  discharge.   Rhysis.   In  nosology,
it comprises a series of  affections, the principal
symptom  of which  is the discharge of  a  fluid,
Generally it is employed  for dysentery.
  Flux, Bil'ious, Fluxus bilio'sus.  A discharge
of bile, either by vomiting or by stool, or by both,
as in cholera.
  Flux, Bloody, Dysentery —/ de Bom-he, Sa-
livation —/ Bronchique, Broneborrhoca —/ Dy-
sentirique, Dysentery—f. Hemorrhoidal, see H;e-
morrhois—f. Hiputique, Hepatirrhoea — f. Men-
strual,  Menses—/ 3/uquenx, Catarrh—/ 3fn.
queux de lestomac,  Gastrorrhosa—/ Mnqueux tie
la vessie, Cystirrhcea—f. Root, Asclepias tube-
rosa—/ Salivaire, Salivation —/ de Sang, Ilas-
raorrhagia,  Dysentery—f. Sebaceous, Stearrhrca
— / de Sperme, Spermatorrhoea—/ de Sueur;
Ephidrosis — f. Weed,  Sysimbrium  sophia—f.
d'Urine, Diabetes—/ de  Ycntre, Diarrhcea.
  FLUXIO, Fluxion—f. Alba, Leucorrhoea—f.
Arthritica, Gout—f. Vulvas, Leucorrhoea.
  FLUXTON,  Flux'io,  Afflux'us.   A flow  of
blood or other  humour  towards any organ with
greater  force  than natural.   A determination.
Thus we say,  in  those disposed to apoplexy,
there is a fluxion or determination of blood to
the head.
  FL UNION CA TARRHALE, Catarrh—/ sur-
les  Dents, Odontalgia.
  FLUXION  DE POITRINE,  (F.)   By  this
name, the French often  understand acute pulmo-
nary catarrh, or pleurisy, but  most commonly
peripneumony.
  FLUXUS, Discharge—f. Alvinus, Diarrhcea—
f. Capillorum, Alopecia—f. Chylosus, Coeliac flux
—f. Cceliacus, Coeliac flux—f.  Cosliacus per Rones,
Chyluria—f. Cruentus  cum  tenesmo, Dysentery
—f. Dysentericus,  Dysentery—f. Hepaticus,  He-
patirrhoea,  see  Hepateros — f. Lientericus, Lien-
tery— f. Lunaris,  Menses — f. Matricis, Leucor-
rhoea— f. Menstrualis,  Menstruation — f. Men-
struus, Menses — f. Muliebris, Leucorrhoa — f.
Salivas, Salivation—f.  Sebaceous,  Stearrha>a—f.
Splenicus, Malaena—f. Venereus, Gonorrhoea im-
pura—f. Ventriculi, Gastrorrhosa.
  FLY-GOLD1NG, Coccinclla septem punctata.
  FLY-POISON, Amianthum muscastoxicuin.
  FLYTRAP, Apocynum androsasmifolium, Sar-
racenia.
  FOALFOOT, Tussilago.
  FOC'ILE.   The name was formerly given to
the bones of the leg, as well as to those  of tho
forearm.
  Focile Majus,  Tibia — f.  Inferius seu majus,
Ulna—f. Minus, Fibula — f. Minus seu superius,
Radius.
  FOCUS  APOPLECTICUS, Apoplectic cell.
  FGECUXDATIO, Fecundation.
  FOX'UNDITAS. Fecundity.
  FCECUNDUS. Fecund.
  F03DI COLORES, Chlorosis.
  POTMEN, Perinasum.
  F03MINA, Female.
  FG^MINESCENTIA, Feminescenee.
  FQ1NICULUM,Anethum—f. Aquaticum, Phel-
landrium aquaticum—f. Erraticum, Peucedanum
silaus — f.  Marinum, Crithmum maritimum—f.
Officinale, Anethum—f. Porcinum, Peucedanum
—f. Vulgare, Anethum.
   FGENUGREEK, Trigonella foenum.
   FOSNUM  CAMELORUM, Juncus odoratus—
f. Grascum, Trigonella foenum.
   FffiTAB'ULUM. An encysted abscess.—Mar-
cus Aurelius Severinus.
   FCETAL, Fceta'lis.  Relating to tbe  fostus.  A
name  given to the parts connected with tbe fo'tus.
Thus we say—the fatal surface of the placenta,
in  contradistinction to the  uterine or maternal
surface.
   Fcetal Circulation differs  from that of the
adult in several respects.  Commencing with the
placenta, where it probably undergoes some change
analogous to what occurs in  the  lungs in extra- 
               FCETATION                i

nterine existence, the blood proceeds by the um-
bilical v in as far as the liver, where a part of itis
poured into the vena porta;  the oilier proceeds into
the v.-na cava inferior; the latter, having received
tbe supbrahepatic veins, pours its blood into the
right auricle.  From  the right auricle, a part of
the blood is sent into the right ventricle; the rest
passes directly through into  the left auricle, by
the  foramen  ovale.  When  the right ventricle
contracts, the blood is sent into the pulmonary
artery;  but as the function of respiration is not
going on, no more blood  passes to the lungs than
is necessary fir  their nutrition; the  remainder
goes directly through tbe ductus arteriosus into
the aorta.  The blood, received by the left auricle
from  the  lungs,  as well  as  that which  passed
through the  foramen ovale,  is  transmitted into
the left ventricle ; by the contraction of which it
is sent into the aorta, and by means of the um-
bilical arteries, which  arise from the hypogastric,
it is returned to the placenta.
   Fcetal  Head.   The diameters of this at the
full period, are as follows:—1. The  Biparietal or
transverse,  extending  from one parietal protube-
rance to  the other, and measuring  3£ inches.  2.
The Temporal, from one temple to  another, 3
inches.  3. The OccipHo-mental, from the occiput
to the chin ; the greatest of all, 5 inches.  4. The
Occipitofrontal or antero-posterior,  4J or  4J
inches.  5. The Cervico-bregmatic, from the nape
of the neck  to the  centre of the anterior fonta-
nels,  (i.  The Pronto-mental, from  the forehead
to the chin, about 3£ inches.  7. The Trachelo-
bi-rgmuiic,  from the front of the neck to  the ante-
rior fontanelle, 3£ inches.  8.  The  Vertical,  dia-
meter, from the vertex  to the base of the cranium.
  Fotital Nutrition, Cyotrophy.
  FtETATION, Pregnancy.
  FOETICIDE,  Fcv.ticid'iitm, from foetus,  and
cadere, ' to kill;' Aborticid'ium.   Criminal abor-
tion.
  FfRTIDUS, Fetid.
  FCETOR, Dysodia.
99
FOLLICULI  GRAAFIAN!
   Fcetor Alarum.  The disagreeable rank odour
 exhaled from the axillas.
   FfEioi; Oris, Breath, offensive.
  ^ FCE'I'US, Fetus, Cye'rna, Onus ventris, Sar'cina.
 ' The young of any creature.'  The unborn child.
 (F.) Fit its, Faix. By nWa,  Cyc'ma,  Hippocrates
 meant  the fecundated, but still imperfect, germ.
 It  corresponded with the term embryo,  as now
 used ; whilst tufipvov,' embryo,' signified the fostus
 at a more advanced stage  of the utero-gestation.
 The majority of anatomists apply to the germ the
 name  embryo, which  it retains until the third
 month  of gestation, and with some until the pe-
 riod of quickening;  whilst foetus is applied to it
 in  its  latter stages.   The terms are, however,
 often  used  indiscriminately.   When the  ovule
 has been fecundated in tbe  ovarium, it proceeds
 slowly towards, and enters the uterus, with which
 it becomes ultimately connected by means of tbe
 placenta.   When first  seen, the foetus has  the
 form of a gelatinous flake, which some have com-
 pared to an ant, a grain  of barley, a worm curved
 upon itself,  <fec.  The foetal increment is very
 rapid in the first, third, fourth, and sixth months
 of its formation, and at the  end of  nine months
 it has  attained  its  full dimensions—Enfant il
 terrne.  Generally, there is but one fostus in  utero ;
 sometimes,  there are two;  rarely  three.   Tbe
 foetus presents considerable difference in its shape,
 weight, length, situation in  the womb, propor-
 tion of  its various parts  to each other, arrange-
 ment and texture of its organs,  state  of its func-
 tions at different periods  of gestation, Ac.  All
 these differences  are important  in an  obstetrical
 and medico-legal point  of view.  The following
 table exhibits the length and weight of the fostus
 at different periods of gestation,  on the authority
 of different observers.  Their discordance is stri-
 king.  It is  proper to remark, that the  Paris
pound — Poid de 3/arc—of 16 ounces, contains
9216 Paris grains, whilst the avoirdupois contains,
only 8532,5  Paris grains, and that the Paris inch
is 1.065977 English inch.
At 30 days, 2 months, 3 " 4 " 5 " 6 " 7 " 8 ''	Beck.	Maygrier.	Granville.	Beck.	Maygrier.	Granville.
	Length.			Weight.		
	3 to 5 lines 2 inches 3i 5 to 6 " 7 to 9 " 9 to 12 " 12 to 14 " 16 "	10 to 12 lines 4 inches 6 " S " 10 " 12 " 14 " 16 "	1 inch 3 inches 9 inches 12 " 17 " |	2 ounces 2 to 3 " 4 to 5 " 9 to 10 " 1 to 2 lbs. 2 to 3 " 3 to 4 "	9 or 10 grains 5 drachms 2i ounces 7 or 8 " 16 " 2 pounds 3 4 "	20 grains li ounces 1 pound 2 to 4 " 4 to 5 "
   Fcetus, Pregnant —f. in Fostu, Cryptodidy-
 mus.
   Fcetis Septimes'tris. A seven months'fostus.
   I'<i:res Zephyrius,  Mole.
   FOIE, Liver—/ d'Antimoine,  Oxidum stibii
 sulphur.'turn—f. de Soufre. Potassae sulphuretum.
   FOTX DE CHA ME A I7, Juncas odoratus.
   FOIROLE, Mercurialis.
   FOLIA   APALACIIINES,  see  Ilex  Para-
 guensis— f. Peraguas. Ilex Parnsruensis.
   FOLIACEUM  ORNAMEXTUM,   see  Tuba
 Falhiniana.
   FOI.IE, Insanity—/ Alcoollqne, Delirium tre-
 mens—/ ties Ivrognes,  Delirium tremens.
   FOLLETTE, Atriplex hortensis, Influenza.
   For/LICLE,  Ftrl/ic'iilus,  Cystis,  diminutive of
 FuHis, a bag.  See Crypta.
   Follicles.  Ciliary. Meibomius, glands of__
i. of De  Graaf, Folliculi Graafiaui — f. Hair, see
 Hair — f. of Lieberkuhn, see Intestine —f. Nail
 see  Nail —f.  Palpebral. Meibomius, glands  of
 — f.  Solitary, Brunner's  glands—f.  Synovial,
 Bursas  mucosas.
   FOLLICULAR, Follic'ulous, Follic'ul.ose, Fal-
 liculo'sus, (F.) Folliculeiix,  from 'follicle.'  Re-
 lating or appertaining to a follicle,—as 'follicular
 inflammation,'  inflammation  affecting  crvots  or
 follicles, Folliculitis.
   Follicular  Elevations, Tubercles, pearly.
   FOLLICULE, Crypta—/  Ciliaire, Meibomius,
 gland of—/ Cirumineitse, Cerutninous  glands__
/ Dentaire, Dental follicle—/ Palpibral, Meibo-
 mius, glands of.
   FOLLICULES DE  GRAAF, Folliculi Graaf-
ian i.
   FOLLICULI GRAAFIA'NI,  F.  Ova'rii,  Ova
seu O'vula Graafia'na, Follicles or Vesicles of De
 Graaf, Graajlan or Ova'rian  ves'ieles, (F.) Fol- 
FOLLICULITIS             400                FORAMEN
licules ou  Visicules de Graafi.  Small spherical
vesicles in  the stroma of  the  ovary, which have
at least two  coats ;  the outer termed ovicapsule
and tunic of the ovisac, tu'nica fibro'sa and theca
follic'uli :  the latter, ovisac and membra'na prro-
pria;  reticule  ovulifere of  M.  Pouchet.  See
Membrana granulosa.  They exist in the foetus.
The ovum — ovule of some — is contained in, and
formed by, them.
   Kolliker terms the follicles themselves, O'visacs,
 Ovisitc'ci.  The interior of the follicles contains
a cl ar, light yellowish fluid—liquor follic'uli—of
the density of the  serum of the blood,  in which
are, almost always, isolated granules, nuclei and
cells, which appear to be detached portions of the
membrana granulosa.
   Folliculi Ovarii, Folliculi Graafiani — f. Ro-
tundi et Oblongi cervicis uteri, Nabothi glandules
—f. Sanguinis. Globules of the blood—f. Sebacei,
 Sebaceous glands — f.  Sebacei coronas glandis,
see Sebaceous glands.
   FOLLICULITIS,  Follicular inflammation.
   FOLLICULOSE  GLAND, Crypta.
   FOLLICULUS,  Vulva.
   Follic'ulus A'eris, Air-chamber.  A space at
 the larger end of the bird's egg, formed by a se-
 paration of the two layers of the shell membrane,
 which is inservient to the respiration of the young
 being.
   Folliculus Dentis, Dental Follicle—f. Fellis,
 Gall-bladder—f. Genitalis,  Scrotum—f. Mucosus,
 see Crypta—f.  Pili, see Hair.
   FOMFNT, Fove're, (F.)  Etuver,Bassiner.  To
 apply a fomentation to a part.
   FOMENTATION, Fomenta'tio, Fotus, Py'ria,
 Thermos'ma, Chlias'ma, JEorie'sis, Perfu'sio, As-
 per'sio, Fomen'tum, (qnasi fiovimentum,) from fio-
 vere, 'to bathe.'   (F.)  Hydroli,  Hydrolotif.  A
 sort  of partial bathing, by  the  application  of
 cloths which have  been previously dipped in  hot
 water, or  in some  medicated  decoction.  They
 act, chiefly, by  virtue of their warmth and mois-
 ture, except in the case of  narcotic fomentations,
 where some additional effect is  obtained.
   A  drij fomentation, Fomen'tum siecurn, Lec'tnlus
 medica'tits, is a warm, dry application to a part;
 — as a hot  brick, wrapped in  flannel; — a bag,
 half  filled with chamomile  flowers made hot, &c.
   Fomentation Herbs, Herba  pro fiotu.  The
 herbs, ordinarily sold under this title by the Eng-
 lish  apothecary, are—sonthernwooel, tops  ofi sea
 wormwood, chamomile flowers, each two parts; bay
 leaves, one part.  Jiijss of these to Ovj of water.
   FOMENTUM, Fomentation —f.  Siccum, see
 Fomentation.
   FOMKS MORBI, F. mali.   The focus or seat
 of any disease.  (F.) Foyer.
   Fomes Ventriculi,  Hypochondriasis, Spleen.
   FOM'ITES, plural of fomes, fomitis,  'fuel, any
 thing which retains  heat.'   Enaus'ma, Zop'yron.
 A term applied to  substances which are supposed
 to retain  contagious effluvia;  as woollen  goods,
 feathers, cotton, &e.
   FONCTIOX, Function.
   FONCTIONNEL, Functional.
   FOND, Fundus.
   FONDA3TENTAL, Fundamental.
   FONDANT, Solvent.
   FOXDEMEXT, Anus.
   FONDLING, Idiot.
   FONGTFOR3TE, Fungoid.
   FONGO'f DE,fFnngoid.
   F ON GO SITE,  Fungosity.
   FONGUEUX, Fungous.
   FONGUS, Fungus—/  3Iidullaire,
 loid.
      FONS, Fontanella — f. Lacrymarum, sec Can-
    thus—f. Medicatus,  Water, mineral—f.  Pulsnns,
    Fontanella — f. Pulsatilis, Fontanella—f. Saltitu-
    ris, Water, mineral — f  Soterius, Water, mineral
    —f. Vitalis, Centrum vitale.
      FONSANGE,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.
    Fonsange  is  situated near  Nismes in  France.
    The water is sulphuretted.
      FONTAINE  DE LA TETE, see Fontanella.
      FONTA'NA, CANAL OF.  A canal  of a hi-
    angular shape, at  the inner side  of the  ciliary
    circle; partly formed  by the groove at the inner
    edges of the cornea and sclerotica.
      FONTANEL'LA.  A  fontanel,- — diminutive
    of fans, fiontis,  ' a fountain.'  (F.)  T'ontauelle,
    Fans,  E.  pulsalilis  seu pulsans,  Vertex pal'-
    pitans,  Bregma, Fontic'ulus, Lacu'nn,  Mould,
    The  opening  of the head.  A name, given  to a
    space occupied by a cartilaginous  membrane, in
    the foetus  and new-born child, and situate  at the
    union of the angles of the bones of the cranium.
    There are  six fontanels.  1.  The great or siueip'-
    itol or anterior, fontic'ulus quadrangitla'ris, Fon-
    taine de la  Tete, situate at the junction  of the
    sagittal and  coronal sutures.  2.   The  small or
    bregmalic or posterior,  situate at the part where
    the posterior and superior angles of the parietal
    bones unite with the  upper  part of the os occi-
    pitis.  3.  The two  sphenoidal, in   the  temporal
    fossae; and, 4. The two  mastoid, or of Casserius,
    Fontic'uli masto'ides seu Casse'rii,  at the union
    of the parietal, occipital, and temporal bones.
      FONTE, Colliquation.
      FONTES,  see Fons — f.  Medicati Plumbnrii,
    Plombieres, mineral waters  of— f. Sulphurei ca-
    lidi,  Waters, mineral, sulphureous.
      FONTICULE A POIS,  see Fonticulus.
      FONTICULUS, Fontanella, E.citto'rium,  E.,-'-
    utory,  Issue,  (F.)  Fonticule,  Cautere, Exutoire.
    Diminutive of fons, fiontis, 'a fountain.'  A small
    ulcer produced by art, either by the aid of caus-
    tics or of cutting instruments; the discharge from
    which is kept up with a view to fulfil certain  the-
    rapeutical indications.  The Pea issue, (F.) Fnn-
    ticule d pois,  is kept up by means of a pea. placed
    in it.  This pea, (F.) Pois el cautere, is sometimes
    formed of wax; at  others, the young, blasted
    fruit of the orange is employed.   The commun
    dried garden pea answers the purpose. The seton
    is also an  issue.
       Fonticulus Casserii, see Fontanella—f. Mas-
    toideus, see Fontanella — f. Quadrangularis, see
    Fontanella.
       FOOD, Aliment—f.  Farinaceous, see Farina-
    ceous—f.  of the Gods, Asafoetida.
       Food, Prince op Wales's.  A farinaceous pre-
    paration,  which is used in the same cases as ar-
    row-root,  is  said  to  consist entirely of potato-
    flour.
       FOOL'S STONES, MALE, Orchis mascula
       FOOT,  Pes—f. Flat, see Kyllosis—f.  Griffon's,
    Gryphius pes.
       FOOTLING CASE.  A presentation of the foot
    or feet in  parturition.
       FORA'MEN,  Trema,  from foro, 'I pierce.'
    Aitlos, (F.)  Trou.   Any cavity, pierced through
    and  through.   Also, the orifice of  a canal.
       Foramen Alveolare Anterius, see Palatine
    canals—f. Alveolare posterius, see Palatine canals
    — f. Amplum pelvis, Obturatorium foramen—f.
    Anonymum  Ferreinii,  see  Aquasduetus Fallopii
    —f.  Aquaeductus Fallopii, F. stylomastoideum —
    f. Auditorium externum, see Auditory canal, ex-
    ternal— f. Auditorium  internum, see'Auditory
    canal, internal—f. of Bichat, see Canal, arachnoid
    —f.  of Botal, see Botal  foramen—f. Cecum oss id
ia-  maxillaris superioris, see Palatine canals.
       Foramen  Cecum  of the  Medul'la  Oblo.x- 
F0RAT10
401
FORMICA
8ATA or of Vicq. d'Azyr;  (Fr.) Trou borgne.  A  I
tolerably deep fossa at the point^vhere the me-
dian furrow at the anterior surface of the me-
dulla oblongata meets the  pons.
  Foramen Caecum op the  Tongue, see Caecum
foramen, and  Tongue — f. Carotid, see Carotica
foramina.
  Fora'men Centra'le et Limbus Lu'teus Ret'-
IN'AS.  The central foramen and yellow spot of the
retina;  discovered by Sb'mmering; 3lav'ula lil-
tea, fiava seu au'rea, (F.)  Tache  jaune.   It is
situate about two lines to the outside of the optic
nerve, and in the direction of the axis of the eye.
   FoitAMi'.N Commune Anterius,  Vulva—f. Com-
mune posterius, see Anus—f. Condyloid, see Con-
dyloid—f. Conjugations, see Conjugation—f. Eth-
moidcum, Orbitar foramen, internal—f. Incisivum,
see Palatine  canal — f. Infraorbitarium, see Sub-
orbitar  canal — f. Infrapubianum,  Obturatorium
foramen—f. Jugulare, Lacerum posterius foramen
— f. Lacerum in basi cranii,  Lacerum posterius
 foramen—f. Lacerum inferius, Sphenomaxillary
 fissure — f. Lacerum superius, Sphenoidal fissure
 —f. Magnum, see Occipital bone—f. Mastoid, see
 Mastoid foramen—f. Mental, see Mental foramen.
   FoilAMEN OP  MONRO, Fora'men  3fonroia'num.
 An opening behind the anterior pillar  of the for-
 nix,  somewhat  above the anterior commissure,
 by which the third ventricle  communicates with
 the lateral ventricle; so  called after the second
 Monro.
    Foramen op  Mohgagni,  see Caecum foramen
 and Tongue—f. Obturatorium, Obturator foramen
 — f.  Oculi,  Pupil — f. CEsophngeum (of the dia-
 phragm,) see  (Esophagus, and Oesophageal aper-
 ture of the  diaphragm —  f. Oodes, Ovale foramen
 — f.  Opticum, Optic foramen — f. Opticum Cho-
 rioideas, see  Optic nerves — f. Orbitarium inter-
 num,  Orbitar foramen, internal — f. Orbitarium
 superius, Orbitar foramen, superior,   F.  supra-
 orbitarium — f.  Ovale,  Botal  foramen, Fenestra
 ovalis,  Obturatorium foramen, Ovale foramen—f.
 Ovale,  patency of the, see Cyanopathy—f. Pala-
 tinum anterius. see Palatine canals—f. Palatinum
 posterius, see Palatine  canals — f.  Palato-maxil-
 lare, see Palatine, canals—f. Rotundum, Fenestra
 rotunda—f. Spheno-spinosum, Spinale foramen—
 f. Spinale, Spinal foramen—f. Spinosum, Spinal
 foramen — f.  Tarini, see Aquasductus  Fallopii —
 f. Thyroideum, Obturatorium foramen — f. of
 Winslow, Hiatus of Winslow.
    Foramina  Cribrosa, see Cribratus.
    Foram'ina  Thebe'sii.  Openings  resembling
 vascular orifices, found  below the orifice of the
 vena cava superior in the right auricle, which are
 supposed to be the openings of veins.
    FORATIO, Trepanning.
    FORCE, from fortis, 'strong.'   T7», Poten'tia,
 Encrgi'a, Dy'namis, Cratos.   Any power  which
 produces an action.  Those powers which are in-
 herent in organization are called vital forces.  We
  say, also, organic force,  and  muscular force, to
  designate that of the organs in general, or of tbe
  muscles  in  particular.   To  the latter the word
  Dynamis, ivvapis, corresponds; and the absence of
 this  force is termed adyna'mia.  The vital forces
 have to  be  carefully studied by tbe pathologist.
 The doctrine of diseases  is greatly dependent on
 their augmentation  or diminution;  freedom or
 oppression, &,c.
    Force op Assimilation, Plastic  force—f. Cata-
 lytic, see Catalysis—f. Cell, see  Cell force—f. of
 Formation, Plastic foroe — f.  Germ, Plastic  force
 —/. Mcdieatrice, Vis medientrix—f.  Metabolic,
 see Metabolic force—f. of Nutrition, Plastic force
 —f. Osmotic, see Osmotic force—f. of Vegetation,
 Plastic force—f. Vital, Vis  vitalis—/  Vitale, Vis
 ritalis.
    FORCE-REAL,  MINERAL  WATERS OF.
       26
The  name of a mountain,  situate four leagues
from Perpignan in France.   The water is chaly-
beate.
  FORCEPS, quasi, ferriceps, from ferrum,' iron,'
and  capio, 'I take.'   Pincers, Labis,  Volsella.
An  instrument,  for  removing bodies which it
would be  inconvenient or impracticable to seize
with the  fingers.   (F.) Pince, Pincette.   There
are various kinds  of forceps, 1.  The ordinniy
kind, contained in  every dressing-case, for re-
moving lint, <fcc. from wounds or ulcers. (F.) Pin-
ce d pansement ou a  anneaur.  2.  Dissecting  or
Lig'ature or Arte'rial Forceps, (F.)  Pince i) dis-
section, P. d ligature, to lay hold of delicate part-.
3. Polypus Forceps,  Tooth Forceps, Forceps of
3Iuseux for laying hold of  the tonsils  or other
parts to  be  removed.  4.,  The Bullet  Fon-cp»,
Strombul'cus, (F.) Tireballe.  5. The  Lithot'omy
Forceps,  Lithol abort,  Lithago'gum,   Tenac'nla,
 Volsella, which  resembles  tbe Craniotomy For-
ceps, (F.) Tenettes.  6. The Cataract Forceps, (F.)
Pince & Cataracte, resembling  the dissecting for-
ceps, but much finer.   7. The  Pince d gaine, tbe
branches  of which can be brought together, and
retained by a movable sheath.
   Forceps is also an instrument used by obstetri-
cal practitioners to embrace  the head, and bring
it through the pelvis.   It consists of two branches,
blades or levers;  one of which, in the case of tbs
short forceps, is passed over the ear  of tbe chibi,
and the  other opposite the former, so  that the
blades may lock.   When the head is securely in-
cluded between the blades, the operation  of ex-
traction can be commenced.   See Parturition.
   Forceps, see Corpus callosum—f. Anterior, see
Corpus callosum — f. Arterial, see  Forceps — f.
Bullet, see Forceps — f. Craniotomy, see Forceps
— f. Deceptoria, see Forceps — f. Lithotomy, see
Forceps—f. of Museux, see Forceps—f.  Polypus,
see Forceps—f. Tooth, see Forceps.
   FORD'S BALSAM OF  HOREHOUND, see
Balsam of horehound.
   FOREARM, Antibra'chium, Pygme, Pars infie'-
rior bra'chii, Cu'lritus, (F.) Avant-bras.  The part
of the  upper  extremity, comprised  between  the
arm and  the hand.   It is composed  of two bones
—radius and ulna—and 20 muscles.
   FOREFRONT, Front.
   FOREHKAD, Front.
   FORE-MILK,  Colostrum.
   FOREIGN BODY. Extraneous body.
   FORKNSIC  ANATOMY,  see  Anatomy —f.
 Medicine, Medicine,  legal.
   FORES, Genital organs.
   FORESKIN, Prepuce.
   FORETOP, Front.
   FORFEX, Ciseau, Scissors—f. Dentaria, Den-
 tagra.
   FORFICULA  AURICULA'RTA, Earwig. An
 insect  of the Order  Orthoptera, which occasion-
 ally enters the meatus auditorius externus, and
 excites intense pain.  It may be destroyed  by
 tobacco-smoke, or by oil poured into tbe meatus.
   FORGES, MINERAL WATERS OF.  Forges
 is situate four leagues from Gournay, in the de-
 partment of Seine  Inferieure,  France.  There
 are  three springs, which  are acidulous ehnlv-
 beates.  These are called Royal, Reinette, and Car-
 dinal,  in honor  of Louis XIIL, Queen Anne of
 Austria,  and Cardinal Richelieu, who used them.
   FORMATIVE, Plastic.
   FORMI'CA,  3Iyvmex.   The ant or pismire.
 (F.) Fourmi.  It contains an acid juice and gross
 oil, which were formerly extolled as aphrodisiacs.
 The chrysalides  of  the animal are  said to be
 diuretic and carminative;  and have been used in
 dropsy.  2. Also  the name  of a black wart, rer-
 ru'ca  formica'ria, with a  broad  base and  cleft
 surface;  so called because  tbe pain  attending it 
FORMICANT
402
FOSSETTE
resembles the biting of an ant, pvppnxta, myrme'-
cia.— Forestus.  3.  A  varicose  tumour  on  the
anus and glans penis.   4. Miliary herpes.
  Formica  Ambulatoria,  Herpes  circinatus —
f. Corrosiva, Herpes exedens.
  FORMTCANT, Formlcans, 3fyrrne'cizon, from
formica,  'an ant.'  (F.) Fourmillant.  An epi-
thet given to the pulse, Pulsus formlcans, when
extremely small,  scarcely  perceptible,  unequal,
and communicating a  sensation  like that of the
motion of an ant through a thin texture.
   FORMICA'TION,  Formica'tio,   3lyrmecias'-
mns,  3lyrmeclasis,  3lyrrnecis'mus,  Myrmeco'sis,
Stupor formlcans.   Same etymon.   (F.)  Four-
viillcment.  A pain, compared  with  that  which
would be caused  by a number of ants creeping
on a part.
   FORMIX, Herpes esthiomenus.
   FORMULA, Prescription — f. Extemporanea,
see Magistral — f. Magistralis, see Magistral — f.
Medica, Prescription — f. Officinalis, see Magis-
tral.
   FORM'ULARY,   Formttla'rium,   Narthe'cia,
Narthe'eiuin, Narthex.   From fiormularius,  (di-
minutive of forma,  'form').  One skilled in pre-
paring writs  or forms of process.—Quintilian.  A
 collection of medical formulas or receipts.
   FORMULE, Prescription.
   FORMYL, PERCHLORIDE  OF.  Chloro-
 form.
   FOR3TYLE, IODURE DE, Iodoform.
   FORNIX, 'an arch or vault.'  F. cer'ebri  seu
 trilalcrus  seu  tricuspid il Us, Psalis, Psalid'ium,
 Cum'era, Test il do cer'ebri, Arcus nredttllilris. (F.)
 Trigone  ciribral—(Ch.,)  Voute  d  trot's piliers,
 Triangle 3Iidullaire.   A  medullary body  in  the
 brain, below the corpus  callosum and above  the
 middle ventricle, on the median line. This body,
 which is curved upon itself, terminates anteriorly
 by a prolongation, which constitutes its anterior
 pillar,  Cms seu  Columbia fornlcis, (F.)  Pilier
 antirieur, and  posteriorly by two similar prolon-
 gations,  called posterior pillars or  crura.   See
 Achicolum, and Vault.
    Fornix Cerebri, Fornix.
    FORNPECKLES,  Ephelides.
    FORPEX. Scissors.
    FORRET, Front.
    FORSTERA'NIA DIFFORM'IS, Echi'tes dif-
  form'is  seu puber'ula; indigenous:  Ord. Apo-
 cynaceae; is said to be used as a wash with milk
 to remove  freckles.  The juice destroys warts.
    FORTIFIANT. Corroborant,  Tonic.
    FOR TRA ITU RE,  Hysteralgia.
    FORTYKNOT, Achyranthes repens.
    FOSSA,  Fo'vea, from  fodio, fiossnm, 'I dig.'
 Scamma.   A cavity of greater or less depth, the
 entrance to which is always larger than the base.
 The fossas of bones have been called simple, when
 they  belong to one  bone only, as the parietal
 fossa;  and  compound,  (F.)  Fosses composies.
 when several  concur  in their  formation,  as  the
 orbitar fossa,  temporal fossa, &c.
    FoSSA, Amyg'daloid, Amyg'daloid excara'tion.
 The  space  between  the  anterior  and  posterior
 pillars  of  the  fauces, which is occupied by  the
 tonsils.
    Fossa Amyn't^:.   A kind of bandage, used in
 fractures of the  nose; -so called, by Galen, from
 Amyntas of Rhodes,  its inventor.   It consisted
 of a long band, applied round the head, the turns
 of which crossed at the root of the  nose.
    Fossa Canina, Canine fossa.
    Fossa Cerebel'li, (F.) Fosse cirebelleuse.  The
 inferior  occipital fossa,  which lodges the corre-
 gponding portion of the cerebellum.
    Fossa Corona'lis, Coro'nal or  frontal  fossa.
 A depression on  the orbitar plate of >tbe frontal
or coronal bone, which supports the anterior lobe
of the brain. #
  Fossa CoRONoi'j)EA, Cor'onoidfossa. A cavity
before the  inferior extremity of the humerus, in
which the coronoid process of tbe ulna is engaged
during the flexion of the forearm.
   Fossa Cotyloidea, see Cotyloid.
   Fossa, Digas'tric, Fossa digas'triea.  A deep
groove  on  the mastoid portion of tbe temponil
bone, which gives origin to the digastric muscle.
   Fossa Eth.moida'lis, Ethmoid fossa.  A shal-
low  gutter on  the upper surface  of the cribri-
form plate  of  the  ethmoid bone,  in  which is
lodged  the expanded portion  of  the olfactory
nerves.
   Fossa Genu, Popies.
   Fossa Guttura'lis, Gnltural fossa.  The de-
pression which  forms the  guttural region of the
base of the cranium, between  the foramen mag-
num nnd posterior nares.
   Fossa Hyaloioea, see  Hyaloid (Fossa) —f.
Iliac,  so?  Iliac fossas — f.  Infra-orbitar,  Canine
fossa—f. Infra-spinous, see Infra-spinnta fossa.
   Fossa Innomina'ta.  The spaco between tbe
helix and antihelix of the ear.
   Fossa, Ischio-rectal, Perineal  fossa — f.  Ju-
gularis,  Jugular fossa — f. Lacrymalis,  Lachry-
mal fossa—f. Lenticularis, see Hyaloid membrane
— f. Magna Muliebris, Vulva — f. Magna Sylvii,
Fissura Sylvii.   .
   Fossa, Mental, Fossa menta'lis.  A small de.
pression on  each side of  the  symphysis on  tins
anterior surface of the body of the maxilla infe-
rior, for the attachment of muscles.
   Fossa Navicularis, Navicular fossa.
   Fossa  Occipita'lis,  Occip'ital fossa.   The
occipital fossas  are four in number: the superior
or cerebral, and the inferior or cerebellous.  They
are  separated by a groove, which lodges the late-
ral sinus.
   Fossa Ovalis, see Ovalis fossa — f. Palatina,
Palate—f.  Patellaris, see Hyaloid  membrane—f.
Perinasi, Perineal fossa—f. Pituitaria, Sella Tur-
cica.
   Fossa Poplite'a, Poplite'al fossa.   The hol-
low of the ham ;—the popliteal region.
   Fossa, Portal, see Liver—f. Scaphoides, Na-
vicularis fossa.
   FOSSA SlGMOiDEA, Sulcus sinus latera'lis.  A
broad deep groove on the inner surface of tbe
mastoid portion  of the  temporal  bone, which
supports part of the lateral sinus.
   Fossa, Suborbitar,  Canine fossa.
   Fossa, Subpyram'idal, F. subpyramida'lis. A
deep fossa under the pyramid and behind the fe-
nestra rotunda  in the middle ear, remarkable for
its constancy, and pierced by several foramina at
tbe  bottom.
   Fossa Supra-sphenoidalis, Pituitaria fossa—
f. of  Sylvius,  Fissure  of S.—f. Temporalis,
 Temporal  fossa—f. Transversa,  see Liver — f.
 Umbilicalis, see Liver.
   Fossa; Cerebra'les, Cer'ebral fossa.   Fossas
 or excavations  at the base of the cranium. They
 are nine in number: three occupy the  median
 line, and three  are placed at each side. They are
 distinguished into anterior, middle, and posterior.
   Fossae Digitales, see Impression.
   FOSSE  BASILAIRE,  Basilary  fossa-/.
 Sous-ipineuse,  Infra-spinata  fossa—/ Sus-ipi-
 neuse, Fossa supra-spinata.
   FOSSES CONDYLO'lDTENNES, Condylo-
 idea foramina—-/. Nasales, Ouverturespostirieurcs
 des, Nares, posterior.
   FOSSETTE (F). Diminutive of fossa.  Sero-
 bic'uhts,  Both'rion.  Several  depressions  are so
 called.  A dimpled chin, Fossette du menton, con-
 sists in a slight depression, which certain persons
 have on the chin.  2. A dimple of the cheek, (F.) 
FOSSETTE
403
FR.ENUM
 Fossette des jones, a depression which occurs on
 the cheeks of certain persons when  they laugh.
 Serobic'itius  cordis, Anticar'dion,  Pracor'dium,
 (F.) Fossette du coeur.  The depression observed
 on a level with the xiphoid cartilage at the  ante-
 rior and  inferior part of the chest.   It  is, also,
 called pit of the stomach, (F.) Creux de lestomac.
   FOSSETTE,  Firs'sula,  A'nidus, Bothrium, is
 also a small  ulcer of the transparent cornea, the
 centre  of which is deep.
    FOSSETTE ANGULAIRE DU  QUATRI-
 EME  VENTRICULE, Calamus scriptorius—/
 du Cizur, Scrobiculus cordis.
   FOSSORIUM, Fleam.
    FOSSULA, Argema, Fossa, Fossette, Fovea.
    FOTHERGILL'S PILLS, see Pilulas aloes et
 colocynthidis.
    FOTUS, Fomentation—f. Communis, Decoctum
 papaveris.
    FOU,  Insane.
    FOUETS, Sempervivum tectorum.
    FOUCERE DOUCE,  Polypodium—/ Fe-
 melle, Asplenium filix foemina, Pteris aquilina__
 / Grande, Pteris aquilina—/ 3ld/e, Polypodium
 filix mas.
    FOUL DISEASE, Syphilis.
    FOU LURE, Sprain.
    FOUNDLING HOSPITAL, Brephotropheum.
    FOURCHE, (F.), fourchi, 'cleft;' from fiurca,
 ■'a  fork.' Aposte'ma  Phalan'giitn.  A  French
 provincial terra for small abscesses which  form on
 the fingers and hands of working people.  Also,
 an  instrument, invented  by  M. J. L.  Petit, for
 compressing the ranine artery in cases of hemor-
 rhage from that vessel.
    FOURCHETTE',  diminutive  of fourche,
 Furcilla, a  little   fork,  Fur'cttla.  A  surgical
 instrument used  for raising and supporting  the
 tongue, during the operation  of  dividing the
 frasnum.
   Fourchette, in anatomy, is,  1. The posterior
 commissure of the labia majora, called also,  Fra-
 nitm, Era'nuhtm puden'di,  Fur-'eula  Labio'rum;
 2. The cartilago ensiformis:  so called from its
 being  sometimes  cleft like a  fork.   Also, the
 semilunar notch at  the  superior  or clavicular
 extremity of the sternum.
   FOURMT, Formica.
   FOURMILLANT, Formicant
   FOURMILLEMENT, Formication.
   FOUSKL OIL, see Oil, fusel.
   FO'VEA,—diminutive, Fove'ola,—from fodio,
 'I dig.'[?]  Bothros.  A slight depression. "/'»«'-
 sula.  The pudendum muliebre; see Vulva.  The
 fossa navicularis.  A vapour-bath for the lower
 extremities.
   Fovea   Axillaris,  Axilla —f. Elliptica, see
 Crista Vestibuli — f. Hemisphasrica,  see Crista
 Vestibuli —f. Lacrymalis,  Lachrymal fossa — f.
 Oculi,  Orbit —f.  Ovalis,  Ovalis fossa —f. Semi-
 elhptic.i.  see Crista Vestibuli—f. Sulciformis, see
 Crista Vestibuli.
   FnVEOLA, Fovea.                      *
   FOWER, Syncope.
   FOXBKRRY, Arbutus uva ursi.
   FOX.JLOVE, Digitalis.
   El) YER, Fomes morbi.
   ERAOTIOSXEMEXT, Segmentation.
   FRACTURA, Fracture — f. Dentis, Odonto-
 clasts.
   r RACTURE, Fractu'ra,  from franqere, firac-
 t'im. 'to break,' 'bruise.'  Catag'ma, C. Fractu'ra,
 tatax'is,  C/asis,  Clasma,  Agrne, Agma,  Diar'-
rhai/e.   A solution of continuity in a bone, Os-
troc'lasis.   A  simple fracture is when the bone
only is divided.   A compound firacture is  a divi-
sion of the bone with a wound of the integuments
communicating with the bone,—the bone,°indeed
 generally protruding. In a com'minuted fracture,
 A/phite' don,  a\tpiTnlsov,   Carye'don  Catag'ma,
 Kapvri&ov Karaypu, the bone is broken into several
 pieces;  and in a complicated fracture there is. in
 addition to  the injury done to the bone, a lesion
 of some considerable vessel, nervous trunk, Ac.
 Fractures are also termed transverse, oblique, &c.,
 according to their direction.  The treatment of
 fractures consists, in general, in reducing  the
 fragments  when  displaced;   maintaining  them
 when reduced; preventing the symptoms which
 may be likely to arise; and combating  them
 when they  occur.   The reduction  of fractures
 must be effected by extension, counter-extension,
 and  coaptation.  The parts are kept in apposition
 by position, rest,  and an appropriate apparatus.
 The  position must vary  according to the kind of
 fracture.  Commonly, the fractured limb is placed
 on a horizontal or slightly inclined plane,  in  a
 state of extension:  or rather in a middle state
 between extension and  flexion, according to the
 case.
   Fracture, Camerated, Camerosis—/ en Rave,
 Rapbanedon.
   Fracture of  the Radius,  Barton's,  Bar-
 ton's fracture.  A term  applied to a fracture  of
 the lower extremity of  the radius,  which  com-
 mences  at the articular surface, and extends up-
 wards for an inch or more, to terminate on the
 dorsal  aspect.  Owing to the extensor  muscles
 drawing up the separated  portion of tbe bone,
 and with it the carpus, a deformity results, which
 has been confounded with simple dislocation.  In
 consequence of the fracture having been well de-
 scribed  by Dr. John Rhea Barton, of Philadel-
 phia, it  is often called after him.
   FRACTURES  PAR RESOXXAXCE, seo
 Contrafissura.
   FR.ENA  MORGAGNII,  F. of the Valve of
 Bauhin.
   FrjEna of the  Valve op Bauhin, (F.) Freins
 de la valvule de Bauhin.  A name given  by  Mor-
 gagni to the projecting lines formed by the junc-
 tion of the extremities of the two lips of the ileo-
 coscal valve.   They  are  also  called  Frana  and
 Retinae'ula 3Torgagn'ii.
   FRENULUM, see Frasnum, Bride — f. Clito-
 ridis, Frasnum clitoridis—f. Epiglottidis,  Glosso-
 epiglottic ligament—f. Labiorum, Fourchette—f.
 Novum, Taenia semicircularis—f. Pudendi, Four-
 chette.
   Fr.e'nulum  Veli  Medulla'ris Anterio'ris.
 A narrow slip, given off by the commissure of the
 encephalic testes,  which  strengthens the junction
 of the testes with  tbje valve of Vieussens.
   FR.ENUM,  Fre'num,  (F.)  Frein,  'a  bridle.'
 Fra'nulurn,  Fi/ellum,  Filamen'tum.  'A small
 bridle.'   A bridle.  Names given to several mem-
 branous  folds,  which  bridle and  retain  certain
 organs.
   Fraenum  Clitor'idis,  Fra'ruilum  Clitor'idis,
 (F.)  Frein  du  Clitoris.   A  slight  duplicature
 formed  by the union  of the internal portions of
 the upper extremity of the nymphae.
   FrjEnum  Epiglottidis, Glosso-epiglottie liga-
 ment—f. Glandis,  F. Penis.
   Fr.enum  Labio'rum,   (F.)  Frein  des  Itrres.
 There are two of  these;  one for the upper, the
 other for the lower lip.   Tbey unite these parts
 to the maxillary bone, and  are formed  by  the
 mucous   membrane of  the mouth.   Also,  the
 Fourchette.
  Fraenum Lingu.15,  Fra'nnlum seu  Vin'culnm
 Lingua,  Glossodes'mus,  File'turn,  (F.) Filet on
Frein de la  langtie,  is  a triangular reflection,
formed by the mucous membrane of the mouth,
and situate  between the  inferior paries  of  that
cavity and the  inferior  surface of the tongue. 
FRAGARIA              404              FRAXINUS
When  the  frasnum  extends as  far as the extre-
mity of the tongue, it cramps its movements, in-
terferes with sucking, <fcc.   This  inconvenience
is remedied by carefully snipping it with a pair
of scissors.  The French call this lopiration  du
filet.
  Fr.p.num  Penis,  F. seu Fra'nulum seu Virlcu-
lum Prapn'tii, F.  Glandis, Cynodes'mion,  Cyno-
des'mus, Vin'culum  Canlnum, (F.) Filet ou Frein
de  la  verge, is a membranous  reflection which
fixes the prepuce to the lower part of  the glans.
When  too  short, it  prevents  the  prepuce  from
sliding over the glans.
   Fraenum Pr^putii, F.  Penis.
   FRAGA'RIA,  from firagro, 'I smell sweetly.'
The Strawberry, Fraga'ria  vesca  seu vulga'ris
seu semperfiorens,  Chama'batos,  (F.)  Fraisier.
 Ord. Rosaceas. The fruit is agreeable and whole-
some, and the roots have  been  used as  tonic and
slightly diuretic.  The  fruit  is  the  Fragrum,
Kopapov, of  the ancients;  (F.) Praise.
   Fragaria Anserina, Potentilla anserina — f.
Pentaphyllum, Potentilla reptans—f. Tormentilla
officinalis, Tormentilla.
   Fraga'ria  Virginia'na,  Wild Strawberry.
An indigenous plant, which has astringent leaves.
   FRAGILE VITREUM, Fragilitas ossium.
   FRAGIL'ITAS, Ruptibilitas, fromfirango, 'I
 break.'   Fragility, Brittleness.   The state  of
 being easily broken or  torn.
   Fragil'itas   Os'sium,   Osteopsathyrosis, Pa-
 ros'tia frag"His, Briltlencss of the bones,  Fria-
 bility of the bones, Frag"ile vit'renin.  Patholo-
 gists have given  this name to the extreme facility
 with which bones break in certain diseases  of the
 osseous texture.   It is owing to a deficiency of
 the animal matter.
   FRAGMENT, Fragrnen'tum, Frogmen, Ram en'-
 turn,  from frangere, fractum,  ' to break.'  The
 French use this  term for the  two portions of a
 fractured bone;  thus, they speak of the superior
 and  the inferior fragment.
    Fragments,   Prec"ious.  A name formerly
 given, in   Pharmacy,  to  the  garnet,  hyacinth,
 emerald, sapphire  and  topaz.  The Arabs falsely
 attributed  to them cordial and  alixiterial pro-
 perties.
    FRAGOX, Ruscus.
    FRAGUM, see Fragaria.
    FRAISE,  see Fragaria.
    FRAISIER,  Fragaria.
    FRAMBCE'SIA, Frambe'sia, Lepra fungif era,
 from framboise, (F.)  'A  raspberry.'  Syph'ilis
  Iu'dica, Anthra'cia ru'bula, Thymio'sis,  Th. seu
  Lues In'dica,  Variola Amboinerlsis,  Lepra fiun-
  gifi'era,  Scroph'ula  3Iolticca'na.   The   Yaws,
  Epian, Pian.  A  disease of the Antilles and of
  Africa, characterized by  tumours, of a contagious
  character, which  resemble strawberries, rasp-
  berries, or champignons;  ulcerate,  and are  ac-
  companied by emaciation,  The Pian, for  so  the
  Indians call it,  differs  somewhat in America and
  Africa.
    Pian of Amer'ica, Framboe'sia  America'na,
  Anthra'cia Bu'bula  Americana,  occurs  under
  Bimilar circumstances  with the next, and seems
  to be transmitted by  copulation.  The  tumours
  have a similar form, and are  greater  in propor-
  tion  to their paucity.  In  some  cases they are
  mixed with ulcers.
    Pian of Guillen, Framboe'sia Guineen'sis, An-
  thra'cia Ru'bula Guineen'sis, is common amongst
  the  negroes, especially in childhood and  youth.
  It begins by small spots, which appear on diffe-
  rent parts, and  especially on the organs of gene-
  ration and around the anus; these spots  disap-
  pear, and are  transformed into an  eschar, to
  which an excrescence succeeds, that grows  slowly,
  and has the shape above described.
  The  treatment is nearly tbe same in tho two
varieties.   The tumours will yield to  mercurial
friction, when small.  When large, they must be
destroyed  by caustic.  In both  eases, mercury
must be given to prevent a recurrence.
  An  endemic disease resembling yaws was ob.
served in the Feejee Islands by the medical offi-
cers of the United States' Exploring Expedition.
It is called by the natives Dthoke.
  Frambcesia Illyrica, Scherlievo—f. Scotiea,
Sibbens.
  FRAMBOISE, Rubus idasus.
  FRANCOLIN, Attagen.
  ERA AGES SYNO VIALES, Synovial glands.
  FRANGIPANE. An article of food, prepared
by  evaporating to dryness, in  a water-batb, milk
mixed with almonds and sugar.
  FRANGULA ALNUS, Rhamnus frangula.
  FRANKINCENSE,  COMMON,  see  Pinus
abies — f.  African  Daniellia thurifera — f. Tree,
Daniellia thurifera—f. True, Juniperus lycia.
  FRANZENSBAD, FRANZBAD, or FRANZ-
ENSBRUNN, MINERAL WATERS OF.   A
celebrated   water at Eger, in Bohemia, which
contains sulphate  of soda,  carbonate of iron,
and carbonic acid gas.   The springs  are called
Franzensbrunnen.
  FRAP PER,  Percuss.
  FRASERA, Calumba, American—f.  Carolinen-
sis, see Calumba—f.  Officinalis, see Calumba—f.
Verticillata, Calumba American — f. Walteri, see
Calumba.
  FRATER UTERINUS, see Uterinus frater.
  FRATERNITAS,  Adelphixia.
  FRATRATIO, Adelphixia.
  FRAXINELLA  DICTAMNUS,  Dictamnus
albus—f. White, Dictamnus albus.
  FRAXINUS AMERICA'NA,  White Ash; and
  Fraxinus  Quadrangula'ta,  Blue  Ash, indi-
genous ; Ord. Oleaceas ; have  bitter and  astrin-
gent barks, and have been used as antiperiodics.
  Fraxinus Apetala, F. excelsior—f. Aurea, F.
excelsior—f. Crispa,  F. excelsior—f.  Excelsa, F.
excelsior.
   Frax'inus Excel'sior.  The systematic name
of  the  Ash tree, Frax'inus Omits seu Fraxinus
sylves'tris,  F. apelala seu  au're.a seu crispa seu
 excelsa seu pen'dula seu rerruco'sa, Burne'lia sou
 3Iacedon'ica  Fraxinus,  Burne'lia, (F.)  Fre-ne.
 The fresh  bark  has a moderately strong, bitterish
 taste.  It  has been said to  possess resolvent and
 diuretic qualities, and has been  given in inter-
 mittents, and in gout and rheumatism, and as an
 antidote to  serpent  bites.    The seeds,  called
 Birds' tongue, Lingua avis, Ornithoglos'sa, have
 been  exhibited  as  diuretics,  in   the  dose  of a
 drachm.   Its  sap  has been extolled  against
 deafness.
    Fraxinus Florifera, F.  ornus — f. Macedo-
 nia, F. excelsior.
    Fraxinus Ornus, F. me'lia  seu  panicnla'ta
 %en florifera, Ornus mannif'era  seu rotundifo'ha.
 The systematic name of the  tree whence manna
 flows.  This substance is also called Manna Caln-
 brlna,  Ros  Calabrlnus, Aerom'eli,   Drosom'eli,
 Drysom'eli, Mel ae'rium, Suceus orni cernere'tits.
 In Sicily, not only the Fraxinus Ornus, but also
 the F. rotundifolia and F. excelsior are regularly
 cultivated for the purpose of procuring manna,
 which is their condensed juice.  In the Ph. U. S.
 it  is  assigned to Ornus Europaa.  Manna is in-
 odorous, sweetish, with  a very  slight degree  of
 bitterness ; in friable  flakes, of  a whitish or pale
 yellow  colour;  opake, and  soluble in water  and
 alcohol.  It is laxative, and is used as a pur-
 gative for children, who take it readily on ac-
  count of  its sweetness.  More generally it is em-
 ployed as an adjunct to other purgatives.  Dose,
  ^ss  to ^ij.  Its  immediate  principle  is  called 
FHAYEUR NOCTURNE
405
FRIGORIFIC
Mannite or Mannin.  This has been recommended
bv Magendie  as  a substitute  for manna.   Dose,
^ij. for children.
  Fraxinus Paniculata, F. Ornus—f. Quadran-
gulata, see F. Americana — f.  Rotundifolia, F.

  ERA YEUR  NOCTURNE, Panophobia.
  FRECKENS,  Ephelides.
  FRECKLED,  see Ephelides.
  FRECKLES,  Ephelides.
  FREEMAN'S BATHING  SPIRITS, see Li-
nimentum saponis compositum.
  FREIX, Frasnum —/ du Clitoris, Frasnum
clitor'idis—/ de la Lungne, Frasnum linguae—/
iles Lhrres, Frasnum labiorum—/  de la  Verge,
Frasnum penis.
  FREIXS DE LA VALVULE DE BAUHIN',
Frasna of tbe valve of  Bauhin.
  FRE1XWALDE, MINERAL WATERS  OF.
These springs are in Brandenburg, twelve leagues
from  Berlin.   They contain  chloride of sodium,
sulphate of magnesia, chloride of magnesium, sul-
 phate of lime, carbonates of lime and magnesia,
 iron,  Ac, and are used in asthenic diseases.
   FitEMISSEMENT, Shuddering.
   ERlllflSSEMENT  CAT AIRE (F.).  'Cat's
 purr.' Purring  Tremor.  Laennec has given this
 name to the agitation which is sensible  to the
 hand, when  applied on  the  precordial  region,
 and which he considers  a sign  of ossification or
 oilier contraction of the auriculo-ventricular open-
 ings.  The name was  chosen by him from the
 analogy of the sound to the purring of a. cat.
   FR EM ITUS,  Bruissement, Frimissement, Shud-
 dering.
   The Pec'toral or Vocal Frem'itiis, Pectoral
  Vibra'tion, Tactile vibration, is an obscure dif-
 fused resonance of the voice, which is felt when
 tbe hand is applied to the chest.
   A  fric'tion  frem'itus is perceptible  to the
 hands in many  cases  of  pleurisy, when the sur-
 faces of the pleura have become roughened from
 deposition; as well as in rare   cases  of pericar-
 ditis.
   FRENA. see  Alveolus.
   FRENCH CRUST, Syphilis —f.  Distemper,
 Syphilis—f. Nut, Juglans regia—f. Pox, Syphilis.
   FREXE,  Fraxinus  excelsior—/  Epineux,
  Xanthoxylum clava Herculis.—/ Sauvage, Sorbus
 acuparia.
   FREXGA, see Scherlievo.
   FRENULUM, see Frasnum.
   FRENUM, Frasnum.
   FRET. Chafing, Herpes.
   FRETILLEMEXT, Fidgets.
   FRETTING,  Tormina.
   FRfCATIO. Friction.
   FRICATORIUM, Liniment.
   PRICE,  Fricurn,  Frico'ninm.   A  medicine
 which the  ancients employed under the form of
 friction.  They  distinguish the Price siccum and
 F. molle.—Gauhius.
   FRICONIUM. Frice.
   FRICTA, Colophonia.
   FRICTIO, Friction— f. Humida, see Friction
 —f. Sicca, see Friction.
   FRIC'TION,   Fric'tio,  Frica'tio,  Anat'ribe,
 Anatrip'sis,  Trypsis,  Chirap'sia,  from fricare,
 frictnm, 'to rub.'  The action of rubbing a part
 of  the surface of the body more or less forcibly,
 with  the hands, a brush, flannel, kc, constituting
 Aerotrib'ia,  Xcrotrip'sis, Fric'tio  sicca  or dry
 friction ; or with ointments,  liniments, tinctures,
 Ac, constituting moist friction,  Fric'tio hu'mida.
 It is  a useful means for exciting the action of the
 skin.
   Friction Fremitus, see Fremitus — f. Sound,
Bruit de frottement.
  FRICTRIX, Tribas,
  FRICTUM, Liniment.
  FRICUM. Frice.
  FRIGEFACIENTIA, Refrigerants.
  FRIGID, Frifidus, (F.) Froid; from firigeo,
'to be cold.'  Cold.   Not easily moved to sexual
desire : Imbel'li* ad verlerem.  Impotent.
  FRIGIDARIUM, Bath, cold.
  FRIGID'ITY, Frigid'itas.   Same etymon.  A
sensation of cold.  Also, impotence, and sterility.
Frigidity of the stomach is a state of debility of
that organ, imputed to excessive venery, — the
Anorex'ia exhausto'rum of Sauvages.
  FRIGIDUS.  Frigid.
  FRIGORIFTC, from firigus, 'cold,' and  fin,
'I become.'  That which has the power of pro-
ducing cold.  The best Frigorific Mixtures are
the  following.  Their  effects  are  owing to  the
rapid absorption  of heat when solids pass into
the liquid state.
Frigorific Mixtures with Snow.
                           Therm, falls.

                                 to—5°
          3Tixtures.
Snow,  or  pounded  ice,  two
  parts by weight;
Chloride of Sodium...........  1.
Snow or pounded ice.........  5.
Chloride of Sodium...........  2.
Mur. of Ammonia.............  1.
Snow or pounded ice.........24.
Chloride of Sodium ......... 10.
Muriate of  Ammonia.........  5.
Nitrate of Potash..............  5.
Snow or pounded ice.........12.
Chloride  of Sodium...........  5.
Nitrate of Ammonia..........  5.
Dilut. Sulph.  Acid.............  2.
Snow..............................  3.
Concentr. Mur. Acid  .........  5.
Snow..............................  8.
Concentr. Nitrous Acid......  4.
Snow..............................  7.
Chloride of Calcium..........  5.
Snow..............................  4.
Crystall. Chloride of Calcium  3.
Snow..............................  2.
Fused Potash...................  4.
Snow..............................  3.
to—12°
to—18°
[ to—25c
from + K2°
  to—23°
fromf.i2°
  to—27°
from+32°
  to—30°
from-t-32°
  to—40°
from+32°
 to —50°
from+32°
  to—51°
  Frigorific  Mixtures may also be made  by the
rapid solution of salts, without the use of snow or
ice.  The salts must be finely powdered and dry.

    Frigorific Mixtures  without  Snow.
            3Iixtures.
 Mur. of Ammonia................  5.
 Nitrate of Potash.................  5.
 Water...............................16.
 Mur. of Ammonia ...............  5.
 Nitrate of Potash.................  5.
 Sulphate of Soda................  8.
 Water...............................16
 Nilrate of Ammonia ......
 Water.........................
 Nitrate of Ammonia ............  1.
 Carbonate of Soda...............  1.
 Water...............................  1.
 Sulphate of Soda.................  3.
 Dilut. Nitrous Acid...............  2.
 Sulphate of Soda.................  6.
 Mur. of Ammonia ...............  4.
| Nitrate of Potash.................  2.
[ Dilut. Nitrous Acid..............  4
 Sulphate of Soda...........
 Nitrate of Ammonia............  5
 Dilut. Nitrous Acid..............  4
| Phosphate of Soda.........
1 Dilut. Nitrous Acid........
i:l

Therm, falls.
  from+50°
    to—10°

  from+ 50°
    to—10°

  from+50o
    to— 4°
  from+ 50°
    to— 7°
  from+50°
    to— 3°

  from+50°
    to—10°

  from + 50°
    to—14°
  from+50°
    to—12° 
FRIGUS
406
F RU M E N T U M
          Mixtures.
Phosphate of Soda............... 9.
Nitrate of Ammonia ............ 6.
Dilut. Nitrous Acid............... 4.
Sulphate of Soda............
Muriatic Acid..................... 5
:}
Sulphate of Soda................. 5. )
Dilut. Sulphuric Acid............ 4. J
Therm, falls.
   from + 50°
     to—21°
   from+50°
     to   0°
   from+50°
     to— 3°
  FRIGUS, Cold—f. Tenue, see Rigor.
  FRINGE TREE, Chionanthus Virginica.
  PRTSSOX, Rigor.
  PR IS SO SNE3IENT, Horripilation.
  FROtiLEAF. Brasenia Hydropeltis.
  FROG TONGUE, Ranula.
  FROGS' SPAWN, Sperma ranarum.
  FROID, Cold, Frigid—/ Glacial, Ice cold.
  FROISSEMENT (F.), 'Rubbing, bruising.'
  FROISSEMENT PULMONAIRE, Bruit  de
froissement piilmonaire,  Pulmonary crumpling
sound.   A name given by M. Fournet to a respi-
ratory  sound, which communicates to the ear the
sensation of the rubbing (froissement) of a tex-
ture compressed against a hard body.  It is  by
no means well defined.
  FRi">LE3IE3IT, (F.)   'Grazing  or  touching
lightly.'
  FROLE3TENT PERICARDIQUE, Bruit de
frolement  piricardique.   Rustling  noise of the
pericardium.  A sound resembling that produced
by  the crumpling  of a piece of parchment or of
thick  silken stuff, accompanying the systole and
diastole of the  heart.  It indicates roughness of
the pericardium induced by disease.
  FROM AGE, Cheese.
  FR03TENT, Triticum.
  FRONCE3IENT, Corrugation.
  F RON CLE, Furunculus.
  FRONDE, Funda.
   FRONT,  Frons, 3Teto'pon, Forehead, Fore-
front, Fore-top, Brow, (Sc.) Forret.  That part
of the visage, which extends from  one  temple to
the other, and is comprised in a vertical direction,
between the roots of the hair and the superciliary
ridges.
   FRONTAL, Fronta'lis.  From frons,  frontis,
 'the front.'  Relating or belonging  to the front.
 This name has been given to several parts.  Win-
 slow,  Sommering, and  others, call the anterior
 part of the occipito-frontals—the frontal muscle
 or fronta'lis, 3Tusculo'sa Frontis Cutem movens sub-
 stantia Par (Vesalius).
    Frontal Artery,  Arte'ria supra-orbita'lis, is
 given off by  the  ophthalmic, which  is  itself a
 branch of the internal carotid.  It makes its  exit
 from  the skull at the upper part of the base of the
 orbit, and ascends the forehead between the bone
 and  the orbicularis palpebrarum ;  dividing  into
 three or four  branches, which are  distributed to
 the neighbouring  muscles.
    Frontal Bone, Os frontis seu corona'le seu in-
 verecun'duin seu pnppis seu syncip'itis seu prora
 seu ratio'nis, 3/eto'pon. A double bone in the foe-
 tus, single in the adult, situate at the base of the
 cranium,  and  at the superior part of the face. It
 forms the vault of the orbit; lodges the  ethmoid
 bone  in a notch at its middle part; and is articu-
 lated, besides, with the sphenoid, parietal,  and
 nasal bones, the  ossa unguis, superior maxillary,
  and malar bones.
    Frontal Furrow extends upwards from the
 frontal spine, and becomes gradually larger in its
  course, to lodge  the upper part of the  superior
 longitudinal sinus, and to give attachment to the
 falx cerebri.
    Frontal Nerve, Palpibro-frontal—(Ch.), is
 tbe greatest of the three branches of the  ophthal-
 mic  nerve, — the first  division of the 5th pair.
It proceeds along the superior paries of the orbit,
and divides into two branches: — tbe one, inter-
nal, which makes its exit from the orbitar fossa,
passing beneath the pulley of the oblique muscle:
—the other, external, issuing from tbe same ca-
vity by the foramen orbitarium superius.
  Frontal Protu'berance, F.tubcros'ity, Tuber
fronted le,  Siiggnnldiuni supercilio'rrtni.  Tbe pro-
tuberance of the frontal  bone abovo the super-
ciliary arch.
  Frontal Si'nuses, Fronta'les Sinus, 3lete>)mn'.
tra,  Prosopan'tra, Sinus Supercilia'res seu pitni-
ta'rii frontis, Cavern'a frontis, are two deep cavi-
ties  in  the substance  of  the frontal bone, sepa-
rated from  each  other by a  median septum, aud
opening,  below, into the anterior cells of the eth-
moid bone.
   Frontal  Spine,  Crista inter'nn, is situate in
the middle of  the under part of the bone, and is
formed by the  coalescence of the inner tables for
the attachment of the falx cerebri.
   Surgeons have given the  name  Fronta'lis to
a bandage or topical application to the forehead.
 Such  have, also, been  called  r/3u/uru)7;[<5iu and
 avatroWni>ara.
   Frontal Tuberosity, Frontal protuberance.
   FRONTA'LE,  from frons, ' the forehead.'  A
 medicine applied to the forehead.
   FRONTALIS  ET  OCCIPITALIS, Occipito-
 frontalis.
   Frontalis Verus, Corrugator supercilii.
   FRONTODYMIA, see Cephalodymia.
   FRONTO-ETHMOID  FORAMEN,  Cwcnm
 foramen—/ Nasal, Pyramidalis nasi—/ Sour-
 cilier,  Corrugator  supercilii.
   FROSTBITE, Congelation.
   FROSTPLANT, Helianthemum Canadense.
   FROSTWEED, Erigeron Philadelphicum, He-
 lianthemum Canadense.
   FROSTWORT, Helianthemum  Canadense.
   FROTH'Y, from Gr. atppos, 'froth.' [?]  Spu-
 mo'sus, (F.) Spumeux, Ectimeux, 3lousseux.   An
 epithet given to the fasces or sputa, when mixed
 with air.
   FROTTE31ENT, see Bruit  de  frottement.
   FR0TTE31ENT  GLOBULAIRE.   A name
 given  by M. Simonnet, to the  pulse in aortic re-
 gurgitation, when  it  is  jerking;  and, in  well
 marked  cases, appears as if the blood consisted
  of several  little masses, which passed in succes-
  sion under the finger applied to the artery.
    FRUCTIFICATIO, Fecundation.
    FRUCTUS  HORDEI, Fruit, (summer)—f. Im-
  maturus, Abortion.
    FRUGIV'OROUS, Frugiv'orus,  from frnges,
  'fruits,' and voro, 'I eat.'  One that eats fruits.
    FRUIT, Fructus, from fruor, fruct its, 'to en-
  joy.'   Carpos.  In botany, the seed with its en-
  closing  pericarp.   In a medical  sense it may bo
  defined  to be:—that part of a plant which is taken
  as food.   The effects of fruits on  the body, in a
  medical as well as a dietetical point  of view, are
  various.  They may be distinguished into classes:
  for, whilst the Cerealia, for example, afford fruits,
  which are highly nutritious;  the Summer Fruits
  (Fructus  Hora'i,) which  include strawberries,
  cherries,  currents, mulberries, raspberries,  figs,
  grapes, <fec,  are  refrigerant  and  grateful, but
  afford little nourishment.
    FRUIT-SUGAR, Glucose.
    FRUMENT, Fru'menty, Pur'menty, from //•«-
  mentum, 'wheat'or  ' grain,' quasi frugimentiim ;
  from  frnges,  ' fruit.'  Pottage  made  of wheat.
  Food made of wheat boiled in  milk.
    FRUMEN'TUM.  Same etymon.  Sitos.  Any
  kind  of grain from which bread was made;—•
   especially wheat.
     Frumentum, Triticum—f. Corniculatum, Ergot 
FRUSTRATOIRE          407              FUMIGATION
 — f. Cornutum, Ergot — f. Luxurians, Ergot — f.
 Tcmulenturn, Ergot—f. Turgidum, Ergot.
   FRUSTRATOIRE, (F.)  Any liquor, taken
 a short time  after eating, for the purpose of as-
 sisting digestion when  difficult.   Sugared water,
 eau sttcrie, or water with the addition of a little
 brandy, or some aromatic substance, is commonly
 used for this  purpose.
   FRUTEX BACCIFER BRAZILIENSIS, Caa-
 ghivuyo—f. Indicus spinosus, Cara schulli.
   FUCUS, F. vesiculosus, Paint.
   Fucus Amyla'ceus, Jaffna, Ed'ible or Ceylon
 Moss, Ploca'ria can'dida, Graci/a'ria seu Spha-
 riieoc'eus seu  Gii/artlna seu Fucus lichenoides,
 .Marine  .Moss.  This moss belongs to  the natural
 order Algic.   It was introduced some years ago
 into England, from India.   It is white, filiform
 and fibrous, and has the usual odour of sea-weeds.
 Its medical   properties  are similar  to  those of
 Irish  moss.
   Fucus, Bladder, F. vesiculosus.
   Fucus Crispus, F. Ir'lundicus, Lichen Car'ra-
 gccn,  Chondrus (Ph. U. S.), Ch. crispus seu po/y-
 mor'phits,  Spharococ'cus  crispus,  Ulva crispa,
 Irish  Pearl,  Car'rageen or  Cor'rigeen moss,  (F.)
 3loitsse d' Irian de ou perlie.  This Fucus is found
 on the coasts of England, Ireland, Western France,
 Spain, and Portugal, and as far as the tropics.
 It is also a native of the  United States.  In  Ire-
 land,  it is used by the  poor as an article of diet.
 As  met with  in America, it is of a light yellow
 colour, and resembles plates of horn, crisped and
 translucent.   An agreeable jelly is obtained  from
 it  by boiling it in water or milk, which  forms a
 good  article of diet in consumptive  cases.   Its
 properties are indeed exactly like  those of the
 Iceland 3loss.
   Fucus IlBLMiNTnocoRTON, Corallina Corsica-
 na — f.  Inflatus,  F. vesiculosus—f.  Irlandicus,
 Fucus crispus—f. Lichenoides, F. amylaceus—f.
 Saccharine, Rhodomela palmata.
   Fucts VesiCULO'sus, Fucus, F. infla'tus, Hal-
 idrys  vesiculo'sa,  Quercus 3Iarlna, Bladder  Fu-
 cus, Sea Oak,  Sea  Wrack, Yellow Bladder Wrack,
 (F.) Varec visiculeux, Chene marin.   It has been
 Baid to be a  useful assistant to sea-water, in the
 cure of disorders of the glands.  When the wrack,
 in fruit, is dried, cleaned, exposed to a red-heat
 in a crucible with a perforated lid, and is reduced
 to powder, it forms the jE'thiops vegetab'ilis —
 the Pulvis Querctls 3Iarlna of the Dublin Phar-
 macopoeia—which is used, like the burnt sponge,
 in  bronchocele and other scrofulous swellings.
 Its  efficacy depends on  the iodine  it contains,
 Dose,  gr. x to J^Di mixed in molasses or honey.
 See Soda.
   FUGA D.EMONUM. Hypericum perforatum.
   FUGA'CIOUS. Fugax, fugacis, (F.) Fugaee,
 from fugere,  'to fly.'  An epithet given to certain
 symptoms, which appear and disappear almost
 immediately afterwards; as a fugacious redness,—
 tkfu'jacioits swelling, Tumor fugax, &C.
   FUGAX, Fugacious.
   FUCE,  from fiugo, 'I expel,' 'an expeller.'
 A  common suffix.   Hence,  Febrifuge,  Verini-
 fuge,  &e.
   FU'GILE,  Fugil'la.   This term  has  several
 acceptations.   It means,  1. The  cerumen of  the
 ear.  2. The  nebulous suspension in,  or deposi-
 tion from,  the urine.   3. An  abscess near  the
 ear.—Ruland  and Johnson.  4. Abscess in general.
  FUCILLA, Fugile.
  FULGUR. Astrape.
  FULIG'TXOUS. Fuligino'sits, Lignyo'des, (F.)
Fuligiueiix, from fuligo, ful iginis, 'soot.'  Having
the colour of soot.  An epithet given  to certain
parts, as the  lips, teeth,  or tongue,  when  they
nssime n brownish  colour, or rather are covered
with a  coat of that colour.   Fuligiuosity.
   FULI'GO,  genitive fulig"inis,  Lignys, Soot,
 (F.) Suie, <fec, Woodsoot,  Puligo Ligni, consists
 of volatile alkaline  salt, empyreumatic  oil, fixed
 alkali,  &c.   A  tincture,  Tinctu'ra Fulig"inis,
 prepared from  it, has been  recommended  as a
 powerful antispasmodic in hysterical cases. (Fulig.
 Ugn.^Yy, potass, subcarb. Ibss; ammon. muriat.
 %j ;  aqua fluviat. Oiij. Digest for three days.)
 This tincture bears the name Soot drops and Fit
 drops.   An ointment of soot has been used in
 various cutaneous diseases.
   Fuligo Alba  Philosophorum, Ammonias mu-
 rias.
   FULIGO'KALI, from fuligo, 'soot,' and kali,
 ' potassa.'   This is  an  analogous preparation to
 anthrakokali;  soot being used in  the  place of
 coal.  It is employed in the same diseases.  What
 might be regarded as a weak solution  of fuligo-
 kali has been  used for many years in  Philadel-
 phia, under the names niedical lye, soot tea, alka-
 line solution, dyspeptic lye, and Physick's lye  tea.
 It is made by  mixing a quart of hickory ashes ;
 half a pint of soot; and a gallon of boiling water;
 allowing the  mixture to  stand for twenty-four
 hours, and decanting.
   FULLERS' EARTH, Cimolia purpurescens.
   FULMEN, Astrape.
   FULMICOTOX, see Collodion.
   FULNESS,  Reple'tio,  Pleilitude*  Pletho'ra,
 Reple'tion.   The state of being filled.   Also, a
 feeling of weight or distension in the stomach or
 other part of the system.
   FUMA'RIA, Fuma'ria  officina'lis seu me'efia,
 Futnus terra,  Capnos, Herba melancholif'itga, So-
 la'men Scabioso'rum, Fu'mitory, Common Fu'mi-
 tory, Fumiter'ra, (F.) Fumeterre,  Fiel  de  terre,
 Pisse-sang.   Ord. Fumariaceas.  The leaves  are
 extremely succulent, and have a bitter, somewhat
 saline, taste.   The  infusion of the dried leaves
 and the expressed juice of the fresh plant have
 been extolled  for their property of clearing  the
 skin of many  disorders of  the leprous kind.
   Fuma'ria Bulbo'sa, F.  cava seu major, Borck-
 hausen'ia seu  Capnoi'des  cava, Aristolochi'a  fa-
 ba'cea seu cava seu vulga'ris roturl'da, Coryd'alis
 bulbo'sa seu cava seu tubero'sa, Capnor'chis.  The
 root of this plant was formerly given as an em-
 menagogue and anthelmintic.  (F.) Fumeterre
 bulbeuse.
   Fumaria Cava, F. bulbosa—f.  Major, F. bul-
 bosa.—f. Media, Fumaria—f.  Officinalis, Fumaria.
   FUMETERRE, Fumaria.
   FUMIGATIO, Fumigation—f. Antiloimica
 Gaubii,  see  Disinfection—f.  Guytoniensis,  see
 Disinfection—f. Smythiana, see Disinfection.
   FUMIGA'TION, Fumiga'tio,  from fumus,
 ' smoke.' Sufii'tus,  Sufirl'io, Suffurnina'tio, Sufi-
 fumig"ium, Suffimerltum, Apocapnis'mus, Thymi-
 a'ma,  Epithymia'ma, Hypothymia'ma,  Hypothy-
 mia'sis,  Thymia'sis, Capitis'mos, Hypocajrnis'mos,
 Hypat'mus,  Hypatmis'mus, Anathymia'sis.   An
 operation, the object of which is to fill a circum-
 scribed space with gas or  vapour,  with the  in-
 tention either  of purifying the air, of perfuming
 it, or of charging it with a substance proper for
 acting upon a  part  of the surface of the human
 body.  See Sulphurous acid.  Hence, fumigations
 have been distinguished into aqueous, aromatic,
 sulphureous, mercurial, disinfecting, Guytonian,
 &c.  Benzoin  generally constitutes the chief  in-
 gredient in  the  Fumigating Pastilles,  to  which
 any  variety of odoriferous substances  may  be
 added.   The following are  formulas.
  R. Benzoin,  ^j; cascarilla, 5SS > myrrh. Qj ;
ol. myrist., ol. carynph. aa gtt. x ; potassa nitrat.
t^ss ; carbon, lign. 3vj i mucil.  trag. q. s.—or
  R.  Benzoin,  p.  xvj ;  Balsam.  Tolnt.  p.  iv;
 Santal. alb. p. iv; Labdan.  p. j ; Carbon. Lign. p.
xlviij; Potass,  nitrat. p. ij ;  Tragacanth. p.  j; 
FUMITERRA             408              FUNICULUS
Acacia, p. ij ;  Aq. cinnam. p. xij.   Reduce  the
solid ingredients  to powder,  and mix  the whole
into a plastic mass, which must be formed into
cones, flattened at the base, and dried, first in the
air. and afterwards in a stove.
   Fumigation, Chlorine,  see Disinfection — f.
Nitrous, see Disinfection—f. Oxymuriatie,  see
Disinfection.
   FUMITERRA, Fumaria.
   FUMITORY, Fumaria.
   FUMUS  ALBUS, Hydrargyrum—f.  Citrinus,
Sulphur—f. Terras, Fumaria.
   FUNAMBULA'TIO, from funis, ' a cord,' and
ambulate,  ' to  walk.'  An exercise  with the  an-
cients, which consisted in scaling ropes.
   FUxXCTION,  Fnuc'tio, Ac'tio, (F.) Function;
from fturgor, functus,  ' I act,'  ' perform.'   The
action of an organ or system of organs.   Any act,
necessary for accomplishing a vital phenomenon.
A function is a special office in the animal econo-
my, which has, as its instrument, an organ or appa-
ratus of organs.   Thus respiration  is a function.
Its object is the conversion of venous into arte-
rial blood,  and its instrument is the lungs.   The
ancient physiologists  divided the functions into
vital, animal, and natural. They called vital func-
tions those which are essential to life, as innerva-
tion,  circulation,  respiration; animal functions,
those which belong to the encephalon;  viz.:  the
functions of the intellect, the affections of  the
mind, and the voluntary motions ;  and natural
functions,  Faculta'fes  seu  Actio'ncs  natura'les,
those relating to assimilation, such  as the actions
of the abdominal viscera, of the absorbent and
exbalant vessels, <fcc.   Bichat divided  the  func-
tions into those which relate to the preservation
of the  individual,  and those that  relate to  the
preservation of the species.  The former he sub-
divided  into animal  and organic.   The animal
functions or functions of relation are those of the
intellect, sensation, locomotion, and voice.   The
organic functions include digestion, absorption,
respiration, circulation, secretion, nutrition, and
calorification.  The/nricr/oji*, whose object is  the
preservation of the species—the organic, nutritive,
or vegetative functions — are all those that relate
to generation ;—such as conception, gestation, ac-
couchement, <fec.   Each of these  admits of nu-
merous  subdivisions  in  a  complete  course  of
Physiology ;—for so the doctrine of  the functions
is called.
   FUNCTIONAL, Functiona'lis, (F.)  Fonction-
nel.   Relating  or belonging to the function of an
organ, or to the functions in general.
   Functional or vital phenomena are those pro-
duced by some modification  in the action of an
organ or organs, in contradistinction to  those of
a material or physical character;—thus we distin-
guish the functional phenomena of phthisis from
those indicated by physical diagnosis—the phys-
ical phenomena.
   Functional  Diseases, see Organic Diseases.
   FUNDA, 'a sling.'  Sphen'done, (F.) Fronde.
A bandage,  composed of a  fillet  or long  com-
press, cleft at its extremities to within  about two
inches of its middle.  It is used in diseases of the
nose and chin,  and especially  in cases of fracture
of the lower jaw.  In such case it has, also, been
palled 3lentonniire, because  placed beneath  the
chin: from (F.) 3Ienton, 'the  chin.'
   FUNDAMENT, Anus—f. Falling down of the,
Proctocele.
   FUNDAMENTAL, from fundare, 'to found;
to lay the  bottom of any thing.'   (F.)  Fonda-
mental.  Some anatomists have called the sacrum
Os Fundamenta'le, because it seems  to serve as a
base to the vertebral column.   The sphenoid bone
lias likewise been so denominated, from  its being
situate at the base of the  cranium.
  FUNDUS,  'the bottom.'   (F.)  Fond.   The
base of any organ which ends in a neck, or has
an  external aperture ; as the Fundus vesicas, F.
uteri, Ac.   Also, the  Vulva.
  Fundus Vagina;. Laquear vaginas.
  FUNES  CORDIS, Colmnnas carncas—f. Semi-
circulares, Semicircular canals.
  FUNGIFORM  PAPILLiE, see Papillas of the
Tongue.
  FUN'GOID, Eungoi'des,  3lyco'des,  Fungifor'.
mis, Furlgiform, (F.)  Fongoide. Fongij'orrne, from
fungus, 'a  mushroom,'and ctlos, 'resemblance.'
That which has the  shape  of, or grows  in  some
measure like a mushroom, as the fungoid or fun-
giform papillas of  tbe tongue.
  Fungoid  Disease,  Encephaloid.
  FUNGOS'ITY,   Fungos'itas,  Caro  luxu'rians
seu fnngo'sa,   Ecsarco'ma,  Hypersiirco'ma, By.
persarco'sis, Proud Flesh,  (F.) Fongositi.  The
quality of that which is fungous: — fungous ex-
crescence, Excrescerltia fnngo'sa.  The  fungosi-
ties which arise in wounds or ulcers are easily
repressed  by  gentle  compression,  dry lint, the
sulphas cupri, or other gentle caustics.  At times,
the more  powerful are necessary, and  sometimes
excision is required.
  FUNGOUS, Fungo'sus, (F.) Fongnenx.  Hav-
ing the characters of fungosity or fungus — as a
j'ungous wound.
  FUNGUS, 3Iyces, (oipoyyos,) (F.) Forrgus, Cham-
pignon.   The mushroom  order of  plants;  class
Cryptogamia,  in the Linnasan system.  In Ptttlt-
ology, the word is  commonly used synonymously
with fungosity, myco'sis.   M. Breschet has pro-
posed to restrict tbe term fungosity to vegetations
which  arise on  denuded  surfaces, and to apply
the term fungus to tho tumours which form in the
substance of the textures,  without any external
ulceration.  Fici and warts, for  example, would
be fungi of  the skin.
  Fungus Albus  Saligneus, Dasdalea  suaveo-
lens— f.  Articuli,  Spina  ventosa — f. Bleeding,
Hasrnatodes fungus — f.  Cancrosus  hasmatodes,
Hasmatodes F.—-f. Cancrosus medullaris,  see
Encephaloid—f. Cerebralis, see Encephaloid—f.
Cerebri, Encephalocele — f. Chirurgorum, Lyco-
perdon—f. Cynosbati, Bedeguar—f. Faginosus,
Morchella esculenta—f. Hasmatodes, Hasmatodes
fungus—f. Igniarius, Boletus igniarius—f. Laricis,
Boletus laricis — f. of Malta,  Cynomorion  coeci-
neum—f.  Medullaris, see Encephaloid—f. Melan-
odes,  Cancer,  melanotic—f. Melitensis, Cynomo-
rion coccineum — f. Petrasus marinus, Umbilicus
marinus—f. Quercinus, Boletus igniarius—f. Ro-
sarum, Bedeguar—f. Salicis, Daedalea suaveolens
—f. Sambucinus, Peziza auricula.
  FUNIC BELLOWS' SOUND, see  Bellows'
Sound, funic.
  FUNICULI  GRACILES,  (diminutive of
funis,  'a  cord,') Poste'rior 3le'diaa  Columns or
Fascic'uli of the medulla  oblonga'ta.   Along the
posterior  border of each  corpus  restiforme, and
separated  from it  by  a groove, is a narrow white
cord, separated from its fellow by tbe fissura lon-
gitudinalis posterior.   The  pair of  cords are the
funiculi graciles.   Each funiculus  forms an en-
largement—processus  clavatus—at its upper end,
and is then  lost in the corpus restiforme.
  Funic'uli Sil'iqu.b.  Longitudinal fibres seen
in the groove  which separates the corpus  olivare
from the corpus pyramidale and corpus restiforme.
They enclose the base of the corpus olivare,—those
which lie  on its inner side forming tbe funic'idus
inter'nus ; and those on its outer  side the funicu-
lus extern us.
  FUNICULUS, Cord—f. Externus, see Funiculi
siliquas — f. Internus, see  Funiculi  siliquas —f.
Spermaticus, Spermatic cord—f. Tympani, Chorda
tympani. 
FUNIS                  40
  Funic'ulus Umbilica'lis, Funis umbili-ca'lis.
Intestiu'ilium,  Vu'culum umbilira'le.  Umbilical i
cord, Narel string, diminutive of Funis, 'a cord.'
(F.)  Cordon ambilicale.  A  cord-like  substance,
which extends from the placenta to the umbilicus
of the fo'tus.   It is composed of the chorion, am-
nion, an albuminous secretion called the Jelly of
the  Cord,  cellular  substance, an umbilical vein,
nnd two umbilical  arteries.  The former conveys
the blood  from the placenta to the foetus — the
latter return it.  All these parts are surrounded
by a sheath — Tnvestitu'ra seu  Vagi'na funic'uli
vnibilicillis.  Its  usual length  is from 16 to 22
inches.
  Funiculus Varicosus, Cirsoccle.
  FUNIS, Cord, Laqueus—f. Argenteus, Medulla
spinalis—f. Hippocratis, Achillis tendo—f. Umbi-
licalis,  Funiculus umbilicalis.
  FUNK, Boletus  igniarius.
  FUNNEL, see Infundibulum.
  FUR, Enduit.
  FURi'ELLA, Fur'cula ;  diminutive of fittrca,
'a fork.'  Tbe upper  part of  the sternum, the
clavicle.   The Fourchette.
  Fi'iicblla  Inferior, Xiphoid cartilage.
  FURCIIMUHL,  MINERAL WATERS OF.
These  Bavarian springs contain  carbonic acid.
sulphuretted  hydrogen, carbonates of lime and
soda;  chlorides of lime and magnesium, oxides
of iron and magnesium, &c.
  YVRCIFERA,  Penis.
  FURC1LLA, Fourchette.
  FURCULA, Furcella, Clavicle, Fourchette.
  FUR EUR  UTERINE, Nymphomania.
  FURFUR, (from far, 'bran,') Bran, Pilyron.
Ach'yron, Apobras'ma, Lemma, Cantabru'no, (F.)
Smi.   The decoction is sometimes employed  as
an emollient.
  FURFURA, Scarf.
  FURFURA'CEOUS,  from furfur,  'bran.'
Scurfy,  Canica'ceous,   Pithyri'nus,   Pityroides,
Pityro'des, (F.) Furfuraci.   Resembling bran.
A name given to eruptions, in  which  the  epider-
mis is  detached in  small scales resembling bran.
Also, a bran-like sediment observed at times in
the  urine : — Urina  furfura'cea,  Sedimen'tttm
 Uri'na piti/roidcs.
   FUKFURAMIDE, see Furfurine.
  FURFURATIO, Desquamation, Porrigo, Pity-
riasis.
   FUR'F URINE,  Furfuri'na, from  furfur,
'bran.' By the action  of dilute sulphuric aciel on
corn meal or bran an oil is obtained—-furfural or
fnrfttrole. By the action of ammonia on this,
fiirfurann'de  or f'ttrfitrolamide results; and by the
action  of  dilute potassa on this the alkaloid fur-
furine is  obtained.   This was found by Professor
Simpson,  of  Edinburgh, to  possess tonic, if not
untiperiodic,  properties.
   FURFURISCA, Pityriasis.
  FURFUROL, see  Furfurine.
   FURFUROLAMIDE. see Furfurine.
  FU'RIA INFERNA'LIS.  A kind of vermi-
form insect, scarcely two  lines long, common in
Sweden, which flies about and stings  both man
nnd animals, exciting  the most excruciating
torture.
  FURIBUNDUS. Maniodes.
  FURIOSUS, Maniodes.
  FURIOUS. Maniodes.
  FURMAGE. Cheese.
  FURMENTY, Frument.
  FURNAS,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.   A
9                FUTITTRIX
thermal chalybeate water in St. Michael's, Azores,
which  contains carbonic acid, and carbonate of
iron.
  FURONCLE, Furunculus.
  FURUNCLE GUEPIER.  A majignant boil,
 Wasp's nest  boil,  which  generally attacks  the
nape and region  of the neck, and rarely  others
than old people.   Hence it has been called Old
Peigtle's boil.
  FURONCULEUX, Furuncular.
  FUROR,  Mania— f. Brevis, Rage — f. Mania,
Mania--f. Uterinus, Nymphomania.
  FURRED, see Enduit.
  FURROW,  MENTO-LABIAL,  see Mento-
labial furrow.
  FURUN'CULAR, Furun'culous, Furunculo'sus,
(F.) Furonculeux.    Relating  or appertaining to
furunculus.—as 'a furuncular epidemic'
  FURUNCULI ATONICI, Ecthyma —f. Ven-
triculus, see Furunculus.
  FURUN'CULOID, Furunculoi'des.   A hybrid
term, from furunculus, and  tiios,  'resemblance.'
Resembling furunculus,—as  'a furunculoid epi-
demic'
  FURUN'CULUS,  from  furere,  'to  be  mad.'
 Chletdus, Oh lob, Doth'i en. Dot hi on, Furun'culua
suppitritto'rius, F.  Verus, F. benig'nus, Phymafit-
rurlcu/us, Absces'siis nnclea'tns, a furuncle, a boil,
a bile, (Sc) Bruick, Brule, (Prov.; Pinsweal; (F.)
Furonele, Fronele,  Clou.   A small phlegmon,
which  appears  under the form of a conical, hard,
circumscribed tumour, having its seat in the der-
moid texture.  At the end of an uncertain period,
it becomes pointed, white  or yellow, and  gives
exit to pus mixed  with blood.  When  it breaks,
a small, grayish, fibrous mass sometimes appears,
which  consists of  dead  areolar tissue.  This is
called  the Core, Setfast, Ventriculitis seu Nucleus
Furun'culi,  (F.) Bourbillon.   The abscess does
not heal until after  its separation.  The indica-
tions of treatment are,—to discuss by the  appli-
cation  of leeches and warm  fomentations; — or,
if this cannot be done, to encourage suppuration
by  warm, emollient  cataplasms.  When suppu-
ration  is  entirely  established, the part may  be
opened or suffered to break, according to circum-
stances.
  The  term blind  boil is given to an  indolent,
imperfectly  suppurating,  phlegmonous  tumour,
of the kind described above, which is often seated
in a sebaceous follicle, as in Acne indurate.
  Furunculus Gangr^enosus, Anthrax—f. Ma-
ligntis, Anthrax.
  FUSARIA VERMICULARIS,  Ascaris vermi-
cularis— f.   Visceralis et   reualis,  Strongylus
gigas.
  FUSEE PURULENTE  (F.).   The long and
sinuous route which  pus takes, in certain  cases,
in  making its way to the surface.   These Fusies
almost always form  jeneath the skin between the
muscles;  or  along aponeuroses, bones,  tendons,

  FUSEL OIL, see Oil, fusel.
  FUSIBLE, see Fusion.
  FUSIBILITY, see Fusion.
  FUSION, Fu'sio, Jlelting, Liquefiac'tion ; from
fundere, fiiisum, 'to melt.'   In  chymistry,  the
transition of a solid body into a liquid by the aid
of heat.   Substances capable of such transition
are  said to be fusible ; or to be possessed of fusi-
bi/iti/.
  FUSTIC TREE,  Cladastris tinctoria.
  FUTUTRIX, Tribas. 
GAB
410
GALACTOPOSIA
Gr.
  The Greek G, r, with the ancient Greek phy-
sicians, signified an ounce.—Rhod. ad Scribonium.
  GAB, Mouth.
  GABALLA, Cabal.
  GABELLA, Mesophryon.
  GABIR'EA,  yafiipea.  A fatty kind of myrrh,
mentioned  by Dioscorides.
  GADUS   .EGLIFTNUS,  see  Oleum  jecoris
aselli — g. Callarias,  see Oleum jecoris aselli—g.
Carbonarius, see Oleum jecoris aselli — g.  Lota,
see Oleum jecoris aselli—g.  Merluccius, see Oleum
jecoris  aselli —g. Morrhua, see  Oleum jecoris
aselli—g. Pollachius, see Oleum jecoris aselli.
  OMOPHAGIA, Geophagism.
  GjEOPH'AGUS, from yata, 'earth,' and  tpayor,
'I eat.'  One who eats earth.
  GAGEL,  Myricagale.
  GAGUE  SANG, Caque-sang.
  GAHET, Cagot.
  GAIAC,  Guaiacum.
  GAILLET ACCROCHAXT, Galium  aparine
—g.  Crochant, Galium aparine—g. Jaune, Galium
verum—g.  Vrai, Galium verum.
  GATNE, Vagina or  sheath—g. de I Apophyse
stylo'ide, Vaginal process of the temporal bone—■
g. de la Veine porte, Vagina or sheath of the vena
porta.
  GAITLING, Infans.
  GALA, ya\a, genitive yaXaxroc, milk;  hence:
  GALACTACRA'SIA, from  yaXa, and  axpaata,
'imperfect  mixture.'  A morbid mixture or con-
stitution of  the milk.
  GALACTACRATTA, Galactia.
  GALACT^E'MIA,  from yaXa, and 'atpa, 'blood.'
A condition  of the  blood  in  which it contains
milk.
  GALACTAGOGA, Galactopoetica.
  GALACTAPOSTEMA, Mastodynia apostema-
tosa.
  GALACTIA,  Galactirrhoe'a,  Gaiactorrhce'a,
from  yaXa.   Lactis  redundan'tia,  Polygalac'tia,
Galactoze'mia.   A redundant flow of milk,  either
in a  female who is suckling, or in  one who is not.
It may occur without being  provoked by suck-
ling.  When to a great extent, it sometimes causes
wasting; Tabes lac'tea, T.  riutri'crim.   Dr. Good
uses Galac'tia,  in his Nosology, for 'morbid flow
or deficiency of milk,' Galaetacratla.
  GALACTICUS, Lactic
  GALACTIDRO'SIS, from  ya\a, and  'i8poratS,
'sweating.'   Sweating of milk.
  GALACTIFER, Galactophorous.
  GALACTINE, Casein.
  GALACTINUS, Lactic.
  GALACTIRRHGEA, Galactia.
  GALACTIS, Galaxias.
  GALACTIS'CHESIS, Galactos'chesis, Lactis
reten'tio, from yaXa,  and  io%eiv,  'to  restrain.'
Retention or suppression of milk.
  GALACTITES, Galaxias.
  GALACTOCATARACTA, Cataract, milky.
  GALACTOCE'LE,  Galactorleus,  Lactoce'le,
from yaXa,  and k»;Ai/, 'a tumour.'  Tumor lac'teus.
Distension  of one or more  of the galactophorous
6inuses by milk.  Lactiferous engorgement.  The
French use  the term Foil for such engorgement;
a relic of an idea, as old as Aristotle, that  a hair
swallowed  may have obstructed one of the milk
tubes, which must be got rid of by sucking.
  The name has,  also, been  given by Vidal de
Cassis to a  tumour produced by an effusion of a
white liquid into the tunica vaginalis, which he
considered to be true milk.
  GALACTODEN'DRON  U'TILE, from yaX„,
and ievSpov, 'a tree.'   Palo de Yucca, Arbol de
Leche, Cow tree of South America.  Family, Ur-
ticaceae.   When an  incision is made into  the
trunk, a fluid similar to milk flows out, which is
agreeable  and  nutritious.
  GALACTO'DES. from yaXa, and ei&oc, 'resem-
blance.'  In Hippocrates, the term  signifies milk-
warm, and likewise a milky colour,  as of the urine
—uri'na galacto'des.
  GALACTODI^'TA, Dia'tn lac'tea, from yaXa,
and itatra, 'diet.'  A milk diet.
  GALACTODIARRHCEA, Coeliac Flux.
  GALACTOGANGLION, Milk knot.
  GALACTOH^E'MIA, Galuetha'mia, Gala'mia,
from  yaXa, and 'atpa, 'blood.'  Lactis sangniuir-
len'ti  Excre'tio.   The  secretion  of  bloody or
bloodlike  milk.
  GALACTOMASTOPARECTOMA,   Mastody-
nia apostematosa.
  GALACTOM'ETER, Lactom'eter, from yaXa,
and perpov, 'measure.'  An instrument for appre-
ciating the quantity of  cream  in  milk.  It  is a
kind of graduated separatory or iprouvette — the
degrees on the scale indicating the thickness of
the layer of cream  that  forms on  the surface of
the milk.
  GALACTONCUS, Galactocele.
  GALACTOPH'AGOUS,  Galactoph'agus, Lac
tiv'orus,  sometimes used  substantively; from
yaXa,  and  tpuyur, 'I eat.'  That which feeds on
milk.   A name  given to certain  people, with
whom milk  appears to constitute  the chief nou-
rishment.
  GALACTOPHORA, Galactopoetica.
  GALACTOPHORITIS.  Inflammation  of the
galactophorous ducts.   It has been inaccurately
used  for  ulceration of  the  top  of  the  nipple
towards their orifices.
  GALACTOPHOROUS, Lactiferous—g. Ducts,
Lactiferous ducts—g. Receptacle, see  Lactiferous
vessels — g.  Sac,  see  Lactiferous vessels — g.
Sinuses, see Lactiferous vessels.
  GALACTOPH'ORUS. Some accoucheurs have
given this name to an instrument intended to fa-
cilitate sucking, when the faulty conformation of
the nipple prevents the child from laying hold
of it.
  GALACTOPH'YGUS, from yaXa, and  tptvyttv,
'to shun.'  That which arrests  or disperses  the
secretion  of milk.  Hence Galactopllyga 31edi-
camen'ta.
  GALACTOPLA'NIA, 3Ietas'tasis  sen  Aber-
ra'tio seu  Via extraordina'ria  lactis, Gnluctor-
rhie'a erro'nea,  from yaXa, and nXavn, 'wander-
ing.'   Extravasation  of milk  into the  areolar
membrane.   Secretion  of  milk elsewhere than
from  the  breasts.
  GALACTOPLERO'SIS, from yaXa. and  ttA<j-
puats, 'repletion.'   Redundance of milk.
  GALACTOPOEA, Galactopoetica.
   GALACTOPOESTS, Galactosis.
  GALACTOPOET'ICA,  Galactopllora,  Galac-
tago'ga,  Galactopoe'a, from yuXa,  and itotcor. 'I
make.' Substances to which has been attributed
the property  of favouring the secretion  of  milk
and augmenting its quantity.
  GALACTOPOIESIS, Galactosis.
  GALACTOPO'SIA,   from  yaXa,  and  ««j, 
GALACTOPOTES           41
1
GALIUM
'drink.'  The  drinking of milk.   Treatment of
a disease by means of  milk.
  GALAC'i'OP'OTES,  Ualactop'otus, Lactip'otor.
Same etymon.   A  drinker  of  milk.  One  sub-
jected to a milk diet.
  GALAOTOPYRA, Fever, milk.
  GALACTOFYRETUS,  Fever, milk.
  GALACTORRHCEA, Galactia —g.  Erronea,
Gabutoplania — g.  Saccharata,  Saccharorrhcea
lactea.
  GALACTOSACCHARUM, Saccharum lactis.
  GALACTOSCUESIS, Galactischesis.
  GALACTO'SIS,  Ga/actopoie'sis,  Galactopoe'-
sis, Secre'tio lactis; from  yaXa.   The  secretion
or formation of milk.  _
  GALACTOT'ROPIIE,  Galactotropllia,   from
ya\a, anil  rpo<l,ri, 'nourishment.'   Nourishment
by means of milk.
  GALACTOZE'MIA, from   yaXa,  and  frpia,
'loss.'  Loss of milk.   Also, Galactia.
  G ALACTU'CHOS,  from  yaXa,  and tyttv, 'to
have.'  Suckling.   Giving milk.
  GALACTURIA,  Chyluria.
  GAUREMIA, Galactohasmia.
  GALANGA, Maranta galanga.
  OALANGAL, .Maranta  galanga.
   t/ALAXGALE, Cyperus longus.
  GALARHCEUS  LATHYRIS,   Euphorbia la-
 thvris—g.  Palustris, Euphorbia palustris.
  (i ALA RIPS, Allamanda.
  GALAX  APIIYL'LA,  G. rotundifo'lia,  Ery-
 thr-orrhi'za rotundifo'lia ; Carpenter's leaf, Beetle-
 need; indigenous;  Oreler  Ericaeeas.  The root is
 astringent, and the leaves, in  domestic practice,
 are applied to cuts  and wounds.
   GALAXIA, Thoracic duct.
   GALAXTAS, Galacti'tes, Galac'tis ; from yaXa.
 A milk stone.  A stone supposed to be capable
 of promoting the secretion of milk.
   GALBANUM, see Bubon galbanum—g.  Long-
 leaved, Bubon galbanum.
   GAL'BULUS, from galbus,  'yellow.'  A kind
 of congenital jaundice, in which the yellow  colour
 continues through life.  It is rather a defect in
 colour than a  disease.—Vogel.
   GALE, Myrica gale—g. Odorant, Myrica gale
 —g. Scotch, Myrica gale—g. Sweet, Myrica gale.
   GALE, Psora — g. Canine, Psoriasis—g. Epi-
 dimique.  Eczema — g. 3Iiliaire, Psoriasis — g.
 Sli-he, Lichen, Psoriasis.
   GA'LEA.  A helmet, from  yaXea, 'a cat;' of
 tho  skin of which  it was  formerly made. [?]  A
 name given to the  amnios, and also to the band-
 age of Galen.   In Pathology, it indicates a head-
 ach affecting the whole head.   See, also, Caul.
   Galea Aponeurot'ica  Cap'itis,  Ga'lea  ten-
 din'ea  Snntorlni,  Ga'lea  cap'itis,  3Iembra'na
 epicra'niii.   The  tendinous   expansion  which
 unites the frontal  and occipital portions of the
 occipito-frontalis muscle.
   GALE AMAUROSIS, Amaurotic cat's eye.
   GALE.YX'COX,  Galian'con, from  yaXca,  'a
 oat,''a weasel,' and ayKorv, 'an elbow.' 3Iuste-
 la'iieus.  One who  has two short arms.
   GALE A X ' TII R 0 P Y, Galeanthro'pia, from
 yc.Xca, 'a cat,' and ap$pa>iro(, 'a man.'  A variety
 of melancholy in which the patient believes him-
 self changed into a cat.  An affection similar to
 lyc.inthropy and cynanthropy.
   GALE'GA, G. otpcina'lis sen  vulga'ris sen Per'-
 sica, Ruta  capra'ria,  Goat's Rue,  (F.) Rue de
 chcrre. Faux  Indigo.   Ord. Leguminosae.   It is
 slightly aromatic, and  was once used as a sudo-
 rific nnd nlexiterial in  malignant fevers, dfcc.
  G alec a  Apoi.linea, Tephrosia npollinea — g.
 Persica. Galega — g. Purpurea, Tephrosia apolli-
 nea—g. Toxiearia,  Tephrosia toxicnria.
  Galena Virginia'na, Tephro'sia Virginia'na,
 Turkey Pea, Hoary Pea, Devil's shoestrings, Vir-
ginia Goat's rue or cat-gut, is used  in some parts
of the United States as an anthelmintic.   The
decoction of the root is given.
  Galega Vulgaris, Galega.
  GALENE, Graphites.
  GALENEA, Graphites.
  GALEN'IC, Galerlical,  Galen'icus, Gale'nius,
(F.) Galinique, from Galenus.  That which re-
lates to the doctrine of GalenortoGalenism. Used,
substantively, for  drugs that are not chymical.
  Galenic Medicine,  Galenism.
  GA'LEXISM,  Galen'ic  med'icine.  The  doc-
trine of  Galen.
  GA'LENIST,  Galenis'ta,  Galenis'tes.  A fol-
lower of the doctrine of Galen.
  GALENIUS, Galenic.
  GALEOBDOLON, Galeopsis.
  GALEOPDOLON, Galeopsis.
  GALEOPSIDE, Galeopsis grandiflora.
  GALEOPSIS, Lamium album.
  Galeop'siS, Galiop'sis, Galeob'dolon,  Galeop'-
dolirti, La'minm rubrum, Urtlca iners magna fioz-
tidis'sima, Stachys  fce'tida,  Hedge  nettle,  (F.)
Ortie morte des bois.  Ord. Labiatas. From ynXca,
'a  weasel,' and oxpts,  'appearance;'  the corolla
having been supposed  to resemble the  head of
the  weasel.  This plant was formerly reckoned a
vulnerary and anodyne.
  Galeopsis  Angustifolia, G. grandiflora — g.
Dubia, G. grandiflora.
  Galeop'sis  Grandiflo'ra, G. Ochroleu'ca seu
la'danum  seu  angustifo'lia  seu du'bia seu pros-
tra'ta seu villo'sa, Tetrahit longifio'rum,  G. Seg"-
etum, Herba Sideri'tidis, (F.) Galeopside, Chanvre
bdtard.   This  plant is regarded in  Germany as a
bitter resolvent.   It is the  basis, also, of a cele-
brated nostrum, the Blankenheimer  Tea, called
likewise  Lieber's  pectoral and phthisical  herbs
(Liebersche Brust  oder  Auszehrungs-
Krauter), which has enjoyed great repute in
pectoral complaints.   The tops of the  plant are
given in decoction (t^j, boiled  in a pint  of water
for  a  quarter of an  hour).   This  quantity to be
taken in a day.
   Galeopsis Ladanum, G. grandiflora—g. Ochro-
leuca, G. grandiflora—g. Prostrata,  G. grandiflora
—g. Segetum, G.  grandiflora.
   Galeop'sis  Atersic'olor, is possessed  of the
same virtues.
   Galeopsis  Villosa, G. grandiflora.
  GALEROPIA,  Oxyopia.
   GALE UN,  Psoric.
   GA'LIA.  An  ancient composition,  in which
galls were an  ingredient; the Galia pura.  There
was also a Galia aromat'ica, moscha'ta  seu mus-
ca'ta, which  consisted of a mixture of several
perfumes, such as musk.
  GALIANCON,  Galeancon.
  GALIOPSIS. Galeopsis.
  GALIP.EA FEBRIFUGA, Cusparia febrifuga
—g. Officinalis, see Cusparia febrifuga.
   GALIPOT, see Pinus sylvestris.
  GA'LIUM,  Gallium, (from yaXa, 'milk,'  be-
cause some species curdle milk.)   G. verum.
  Galium Album, G. Mollugo.
  Ga'lium Apari'ne, G. infiest'um seu aparinoi'-
des seu brachycarp'on seu scaber'rimum, Valan'tia
apari'ne, Apari'ne, A.  his'piela.  Lappa, Philan-
thro'pus,  Ampe/ocar'piis, Omphalocar'pus,  Ixus,
Asphari'ne,  Asper'ula,  Goose-grass,   Cfearer's
bees, Cleavers, Goose-share, Robin-riin-the-hedge,
Hayriff, (Old  Eng.) Clitheren, (Prov.) Clider, Oli-
ver; Order, Rubiaceas;  Sex. Syst. Tetrandria Mo-
nogynia. (F.) Gaf.V.et accrochant,G. crochant,Grat-
teron.  The expressed juice has been given as an
aperient  diuretic  in incipient  dropsies :  also in
cancer: and the decoction in Lepra and Psoriasis.
  Galium Aparanoides, G. aparine.
  Ga'lium Asprell'um, Rough bed-straw, Rough 
GALL
41 2
GANGLION
ladies' bed-straw;  indigenous;  has the diuretic
properties of most of its genus.
  Galium Brachycarpon, G. aparine — g.  Cau-
casicum, G. verum.
  Galium  Circ-e'z \ns. Wild Liquorice,  3lastrr
of the Woods.  An indigenous plant, which  flow-
ers from June  to  August.   It is demulcent and
diuretic, and is a popular domestic remedy.
  Galium  Infeste, G. aparine — g. Luteum, G.
verum.
  Galium  Mollu'go,  Galium album seu Tyro-
l-ilse, Alys'siim Plin'ii. Greater ladies' bed-straw,
(F.) Caillelait blanc. The  herb and flowers have
been  used medicinally in epilepsy.
  Galium  Odoiiatum,  Asperula odorata—g. Sca-
berriinura, G. aparine.
   Ga'lium  Tincto'rum.  an  American  species,
closely allied in properties  to G. verum.
   Galium  Tyrolense, G.  mollugo—g. Tubercu-
latum, G. verum.
   Ga'lium Verum, Ga'lium, G. lu'teum seu  Can-
ca'sicum  seu tubercula'turn,  Ladies'  bed-straw,
Cheese-rennet,   Bed-straw,  Cleavewort,  Goose-
grass, Savoyan,  Clabber-grass,  3Tilksweet,  Poor
Robin, Gravel-grass, (F.)  Gaillet jaune ou  vrai,
 Vrai Caillelait.   The  tops were used in the cure
of epilepsy.  The leaves and flowers possess the
property of curdling milk.
   GALL, Bile, see Chafing, and Eczema impetigi-
nodes, Quercus infectoria, and Vitrum—g. of the
Earth, Prenanthes, P. alba—g. Nut, see  Quercus
infectoria—g. of the Ox, see Bile—g. of the  Skin,
Chafing—g. Turkey, see Quercus infectoria.
   GALL-BLADDER,  Vesic'ula fellis,  Chol'e-
cyst,  Cholecys'tis,  Follic'ulus fellis, Cystis fellea
seu  choled'ochus,   Vesi'ca  fellea  seu  bilia'ria,
 Vesic'ula bills,  Follic'ulus felleus, (F.) Visicule
du fiel ou  biliaire,  Riservoir  de la bile.   A
membranous, pyriform reservoir, lodged in a su-
perficial depression at the  inferior surface of the
right lobe  of the liver.  It receives, by the hepa-
tic and cystic ducts, a portion of the bile secreted
by the liver, when the stomach is  empty, which
becomes in it  more acrid, bitter, and thick.   It
receives an  artery, called the cystic.  Its  veins
empty into the vena porta.  Its nerves come from
tbe hepatic plexus, and its lymphatic vessels join
those of the liver.
   GALL A, see Quercus infectoria — g.  Maxima
 Orbiculata, see Quercus infectoria.
   GALL^5 QUERCUS, see Quercus  infectoria—
 g. Tinctorias, see  Quercus infectoria—g. Turcicas,
see Quercus infectoria.
   GALLATURA, Molecule.
   GALLE DE CHENE,  see Quercus infectoria.
   GALLI GALLINACEI CAPUT, Gallinaginis
 caput.
   GALLINAG"INIS  CAPUT, Galli gallina'cei
 Caput, Caput gallinrlceum, Collie'ttlus semina'lis,
 Carurlcnla  semina'lis, Veru monta'num,  Crista
 urethra'lis seu ure'thra, Crete urithrale, — (Ch.,)
from gallinago, gallinaginis,  'a  woodcock.' An
 oblong, rounded projection, formed by the mucous
 membrane in the spongy  portion of  the urethra,
at the sides of which the ejaculatory ducts  open.
   GAL'LIPOT.   (Prov.) Glnmpot.  Perhaps from
gala,  'finery.' [?]   A pot painted and glazed,  or
merely glazed, and commonly used to hold  medi-

   GALLTTRTCHUM, Salvia sclarea.
   GALLIUM. Galium.
   GALLS, see  Quercus infectoria—g. Bussorah,
 see  Quercus infectoria — g.  Mecca, see Quercus
infectoria.
   GALLSTCKNESS,  Fever, AValcheren.
   GALLSTONES. Calculi, biliary.
   GALLUS. Eunuch.
   GALREDA,  Gelatin.
  GALVANIA  VELLOZII,  Palicourca  Marc-
graavii.
  GALVANIC CAUTERY, see Moxa.
  GAL VAN ISA TION, Galvanization.
  GAL'VAN ISM,   Galvauis'mus,  Electric"itas
anima'lis  seu  Galvtuliva  seu  metallica, Irritn-
men'tum  metallo'rum sen  metallicum, Yol'taism,
Volta'ic or Chemical or Contact Electricity. Called
after Galvani.  A series of phenomena, consisting
in sensible movements, executed by animal parts,
which are endowed with irritability, when placed
in connexion with  two metallic plates of different
nature, between which a communication is  esta-
blished by direct contact or by means of a metal-
lic wire.   Galvanism has been employed medici-
nally in the same  cases as electricity, and  espe-
cially in neuralgic affections.  It  is often applied
in the form of plates,—" 3lansford's plates."  In
asthma, for example, a small blister, the size of a
dollar, may be placed on the neck over the course
of the  phrenic  and pneuinogastric nerves, and
another on  the side, in the region  of  the dia-
phragm.  One metal is placed mediately or im-
mediately over the vesicated surface on the  neck,
and  another over  that in the side. They are
then connected  by means  of  a wire.  The new
nervous impression, in this way induced, is  often
signally beneficial.
  GALVANIZATION, Gulvanisa'tio, (F.)  Gal-
vanisation.  The act of affecting with galvanism.
  Galvanization, Lo'calized.   (F.) Galvanisa-
tion  localisie.   A mode  of  employing galvanism,
proposed by Duchenne, of Boulogne, by which, ho
conceives, the electric influence may be arrested,
at will, in the skin; or, without any incision or
puncture, the skin  may be traversed, and the elec-
tric influence be limited to the organs which  it co-
vers—to the nerves, muscles, and  even the bones.
  GALVANOPUNCTURE, Electropuncture.
  GAMBA, Patella.
  GAMBARUS, Crab.
  GAMBIER, see Catechu and Nauclea gambir,
  GAMBIR, see Catechu and Nauclea gambir.
  GAMBOGIA, Cambogia.
  GAMBOIDIA, Cambogia.
  GAMMARUS, Crab.
  GAM'MATA FERRAMEN'TA.   Cauteries,
having the shape of the Greek letter r, gamma,
which  were used for cauterizing hernias.
  GAMMAUT, Gammot.  The Italians, accord-
ing  to  Scultetus,  gave this name to a kind of
crooked bistouri, used for opening abscesses.
  GAMMTSMUS, Psammismus.
  GAMPHE, Gena.
  GAMPHELE. Gena, Maxillary Bone.
  GANGAME, Epiploon.
  GANGAMUM,  Epiploon.
  GANGLIA  CEREBRI  POSTICA,  Thalami
nervorum opticorum—g. Formative, see Ganglion
—g. Hemispherical, Hemispheres of the  brain
— g. of Increase,  see Ganglion — g. Nervorum,
Ganglions,  nervous, see Ganglion — g.  Respira-
tory, see Encephalon—g. Sensory,  see Sensory
ganglia—g. Stomato-gastric, see Encephalon.
  GANGLIAR, Ganglionic.
  GANGLIATED, Ganglionic.
  GANG'LIFORM, Gamflioform, Ganglifor'mie.
Having the shape of a ganglion.  From ganglion,
and forma, 'form.'
  GANGLIITIS, Ganglionitis.
  GANGLI'OLUM, Diminutive of ganglion.  A
small ganglion.
  GANGLIO'MA.  A tumour of the glands  or
of the lymphatic  ganglions, and especially epi-
thelioma of them.—Nysten.
  GANG'LION, Gang'lium.  In anatomy, a name
generally given to a knot-like enlargement in the
course  of a nerve.  It is applied,  however,  to
organs differing considerably from each other in 
GANGLION               413               GANGRENE
size, colour,  texture, functions, Ac.   They are
divided into glandiform, lymphatic, and nervous.
1.  Glandiform ganglions, called also adenoid, vas-
cular, and sanguineous ganglions; blind, aporic,
ductless,  blood, and vascular glands; glandules
spuria,  &c,  are organs of whose  functions we
are, in general, ignorant;  and which have the
appearance of glands.  They are  formed of ag-
glomerated globules,  pervaded  by blood-vessels
surrounded by areolar membrane, and contain a
milky or yellowish fluid.  To this class belong the
spleen, thymus, thyroid, and supra-renal glands.
They are, doubtless, concerned in  .sanguification.
2. Lyinpliat'ic ganglions. See Conglobate. 3. Ner-
vous ganglions, Ganglia seu Ganglia'nes seu  Nodi
scu Aod'ttli  Nervo'rum,  Tutno'res  seu  Plexus
yanqlioj'ornles, Plexus glandifior'mes, Tuber'cula
iimlo'su  Nervo'rum, Divertic'ula spirituum ani-
ma'lium, Ganglia ofi increase, Form'ative gang'lia.
 Enlargements or knots in the course  of a nerve.
 They belong, in general,  to  the  system of the
 great sympathetic.  One exists on the posterior
 root of every spinal nerve,  and on one cerebral,—
 the 5th.   Bichat regarded thera as so many  small
 brains, or centres of nervous action, independent
 of the encephalon, and intended exclusively  for
 organic life.   Being formed by the union of the
 cerebral and spinal nerves, they may send out
 the influence of both  these nervous centres  to the
 parts to  which the  nerves  proceeding from  them
 are distributed.  Ganglia are chiefly composed of
 vesicular neurine; and appear to be concerned
 in the formation and dispensation of nerve power.
    Ganglion,  (yayyXmv, Aetius.)  Same  etymon.
 Emphy'ma encys'tis ganglion.  A  globular,  hard,
 indolent tumour, without change in the colour of
 the skin ; of a size varying from that of a pea, to
 that of an egg, and always situate in the course
 of a tendon.  The tumour is formed of a viscid,
 albuminous fluid, contained in a  cyst of greater
 or less thickness.   The cyst is sometimes  loose;
 but in the majority of cases it communicates, by
 a narrow footstalk, with the sheath of a tendon,
 or even  with the synovial  capsule of a neighbour-
 ing articulation.   The causes  are generally un-
 known.   The  treatment consists in compression,
 percussion, the use of discutients, extirpation, or
 incision.
    Ganglion Abdominale, G. semilunar—g. Ade-
 noid,  G. glandiform — g.  of Andersch,  Petrous
 ganglion — g. Annular, see Ciliary ligament — g.
 of Arnold, Oticum ganglion — g.  Auricular, Oti-
 cum G. — g. Azygous, see  Trisplanchnic nerve —
 g. Cardiac, Cardiac ganglion — g. Carotic or Ca-
 rotid, see Carotid or  Carotic  nerve — g. Caver-
 nous, see Carotid  or Carotic nerve — g. Cerebelli,
 Corpus  dentatum—g. Cerebral, anterior, Corpora
 striata — g.  Cerebri Anterius, Corpora striata —
 g. Ciribral,  infirieur, grand, Thalami nervorum
 opticorum — g. Cerebral, posterior, Thalami ner-
 vorum opticorum—g. du Cervelet, Corpus denta-
 tum— g.  Ciliare, Corpus  dentatum—g.  Ciliary,
 Ophthalmic ganglion — g. Corpuscles, see Neu-
 rine.
    Ganglion  of  Ehrenritt'er,  Ganglion  nervi
 glosso-pharynge'i  supe'rius, G. jugula're supe'rius
 seu Ehrenritt'eri  seu  3lulleri.  A reddish-gray
 mass on the glosso-pharyngeal nerve in the fora-
 men lacerum, above the ganglion of Andersch.
    Ganglion of the Fifth Nerve, G. of Gasser.
    Ganglion  of  Gasser, Gan'glium seu  Gan'-
 glion Gass'eri seu Gasseria'num seu semiluna're,
 .Moles gangliform'is,  Tntumescen'tia  gangliform'is
 seu semiluna'ris,  Ta'nia nervo'sa Halleri, Gan-
 glion of the fifth  nerve.   A semicircular knot on
 the 5th pair of nerves, before its  division into
 three branches.
    Ganglion,  Glandiform,  see   Ganglion — g.
 Globules,see Neurine—g. Impar, see Trisplanchnic
nerve—g. Jugulare superius, G. of Ehrenritter—g.
Laiteux, Milk-knot—g. of Laumonier, see Carotid
or Carotic nerve—g. Lenticular, Ophthalmic G.—■
g. Lymphatic, Conglobate  gland—g.  3Iaxillo-
tympanique, Oticum G.—g.  of Meckel, Spheno-
palatine  G.—g. Mulleri, G. of Ehrenritter — g.
Nasopalatine,  see  Nasopalatine  ganglion — g.
Nervi glosso-pharyngei superius,  G. of Ehrenrit-
ter— g. Nervous, Neuroma—g. Ophthalmic,  see
Ophthalmic ganglion—g. Optic, Quadrigemina
tubercula—g. Orbitar, G. ophthalmic—g. Oticum,
Oticum G.—g. Petrosal,  see Petrous ganglion.
   Ganglion op the Pneumogas'tric   A  gan-
glionic structure in  thepneumogastric as it passes
through the foramen lacerum posterius.
   Ganglion of Ribes.   A nervous ganglion upon
the anterior  communicating  artery of the brain,
and to be found at the  point of junction of the
right and left trunks of the sympathetic
   Ganglion, Sanguineous, G. glandiform — g.
Semilunare,  G. of  Gasser,  Ophthalmic ganglion
—g. Sensory, see Sensory ganglia—g. Solare, G.
semilunare—g. Sphenoidal, Sphenopalatine gan-
glion— g. Spinal, see Encephalon—g. Splanch-
nicum, G.  semilunare — g. Supirienr du  cerveau
(grand,)  Corpora  striata — g. of  the  Superior
Laryngeal Branch, see Pneumo-gastric nerves —
g. Surrinal, G. semilunare—g. Thyroid,  see Tri-
splanchnic nerve—g. Transversum, G. semilunare
— g. Vascular, G. glandiform — g.  Vertebral, see
Trisplanchnic nerve—g. de  Yieussens,  Coeliac
plexus.
   GANGLIONAR!', Ganglionic.
   GANGLIONES   NERVORUM,  Ganglions,
nervous.
   GANGLION'IC, Ganglion'icus,  Garlglionary,
 Gan'gh'ar, Gan'gliated, from ganglion, (F.) Gan-
glionnaire.  Relating to ganglia.  Nerves are so
called in the  course of which ganglions are met
with ; as the greater part of the  branches of  the
great  sympathetic  or trisplanchnic, the posterior
roots of the spinal nerves, <tc.   Gang/ionics, ac-
cording to Dr. Pereira, are agents, which  affect
 the ganglionic or  great sympathetic system of
 nerves, [?]—as stimulants and sedatives.
   Ganglionic Nerve. Trisplanchnic nerve — g.
 Nervous System, see Trisplanchnic nerve.
   GANGLIONITIS, Gartglii'tis, from yayyXtov,
 'a  ganglion,' and itis,  denoting  inflammation.
 Inflammation of a nervous ganglion.   Sometimes
 used for inflammation of a lymphatic ganglion.
   Ganglionitis  Peripiierica  et  Medullaris,
 Cholera.
   GA NGL TONNAIRE, Ganglionic.
   GAN'GLIUM, Ganglion—g. Gasseri, Ganglion
 of Gasser.
   GANGR.ENA,  Gangrene —g. Alopecia, Alo-
 pecia—g.  Caries, Caries—g.  Nosocomiorum, Hos-
 pital gangrene — g.  Oris, Cancer  aquaticus — g.
 Ossis,  Spina  ventosa —g.  Ossium,  Caries — g.
 Pottii, see Gangrene, and Gangrene of old people
 — g.  Pulmonuin,  Necropneumonia — g.  Senilis,
 Gangrene of old people—g. Sphacelus, Sphacelus
 —g. Tonsillilrum,  Cynanche maligna—g. Ustila.
 ginea, Ergotism—g. Vaginae, Colpocace.
   GANGRjENESCENTIA, Gangrasnosis.
   GANGR.ENICUS. Gangrenous.
   GANGR/ENODES,  Gangrenous.
   GANGR.ENOPS'IS,  from yayypatva,  'gan-
 grene, and o\Iis, 'the countenance.'   Canceraqua-
 ticus; also, gangrenous inflammation of  the eye-
 lids ; Blephari'tis gangrano'sa.—Siebenhaar.
   GANGRjENO'SIS,   Gangranescen'tia,  from
 yayypatva, 'gangrene.'  The state of being gan-
 grenous or of becoming gangrenous.
   GANGR.ENOSUS, Gangrenous.
   GANGRENE, Gangra'na, Cancre'na, Hot mor-
 tification,  (F.) Gangrene, G. Chaude, Asphyxie des
 parties, from ypata, ypaiyu, ' I eat.'  Privation of 
GANGRENE DE LA BOUCUE  414     GARULEUM  BIPINNATUM
life or partial death of an organ.  Authors  have |
generally distinguished  mortification  into  two
stages;  naming the first incipient or gangrene.
It is attended with a sudden diminution of feel-
ing in the part affected ;  livid discoloration ; de-
tachment of the cuticle, under which  a turbid
fluid  is  effused; with crepitation,  owing to the
disengagement of air into  the  areolar  texture.
When the part has become quite black, and in-
capable of all feeling, circulation, and life, it con-
stitutes the second stage, or mortification, and  is
called  sphac"elus.   Gangrene,  however, is  fre-
quently used synonymously with mortification,—
local asphyxia being the term employed for that
condition,  in  which the  parts are  in a  state of
suspended animation, and, consequently, suscep-
tible of resuscitation.  When the  part  is  filled
with fluid entering into putrefaction, the affection
is called humid gangrene, (F.) Gangrine humide ;
on the other hand, when it is dry and shrivelled,
it constitutes dry gangrene; (F.) Gangrene seche.
To this  class  belongs the gangra'na senilis, G.
Pot'tii, Presbyosphac'elus, or spontaneous  gan-
grene of old people, which rarely admits of  cure.
Whatever may be the kind of gangrene, it may
be caused  by violent inflammation, contusion, a
burn, congelation, the ligature of a large arterial
trunk, or by some inappreciable internal cause.
   The treatment, both of external and internal
gangrene, varies according to the  causes which
produce it.  Gangrene from excessive inflamma-
tion is obviated by antiphlogistics ;  and that from
intense cold by cautiously restoring the circula-
tion by cold frictions, &c.  When  the  gangrene
has become developed,   the  separation  of the
eschars must  be encouraged by emollient appli-
cations,  if there  be  considerable reaction ; or by
tonics and  stimulants, if the reaction be insuffi-
cient.
   Gangrene, Hospital, see  Hospital  gangrene
—g. of the Lungs, Necropneumonia.
   GANGRENE  DE  LA  BOUCHE,  Cancer
aquaticus — g.  Chaude,   Gangrene — g. Fr-oide,
Sphacelus—g.  Humide,  see Gangrene—g. Seche,
see Gangrene—q. Hdpital, Hospital gangrene —
g. du Pounion, Necropneumonia—g. des Solonois,
Ergotism.
   GAN'GRENOUS, Gangra'nicus,Gangrano'sus,
Gangrano'des, (F.) Gangrineux. Affected with or
relating to gangrene.
   Gangrenous Erosion of the Cheek, Cancer
aquaticus.
   GAN.IAH,  Gunjah.
   GANTELET (F.), Chirothe'ca,  Fas'cia  digi-
ta'lis, Gauntlet;  from (F.)  gant,  'a glove.'   A
sort of bandage which  envelops  the hand and
fingers like  a glove.   It  is made with a long
roller, about  an inch broad: and  is applied so
that the fingers  are  covered  to their tips,  when
it is called Gantelet  entier ou cornplet. The Demi-
gantelet includes only the hand and  base of the
fingers.   Both bandages are used in fractures and
luxations of the fingers, burns  of  the hand, &c.
See Chirotheca.
   GANTS DES DA3IES, Condom—^. de Notre
Dame,  Digitalis.
   GAOL CACHEXIA,  see Cachexia, gaol.
   GAPING, Yawning.
   GARANCE,  Rubia.
   GARCINTA  CAMBO'GIA,  G.  seu  Cambogia
gutta, 3Tangosta'na Cambogia.   Ord. Guttiferae.
A tree of Ceylon, Family, Guttiferas, which affords
a concrete juice similar  to Gamboge.
   Gartinia Gutta, G. Cambogia.
   GARCIN'IA  Mangosta'na,  Mangosta'na  Gar-
cin'ia, from Garcin, who accurately described  it.
The systematic  name of the 3faugostarl,  3fan- j
guustail, 3Iangostine' or 3Iangosteeil tree,  3Ian-
 gosta'na.   It  grows in great abundance in Javu
 and  the  Molucca  islands.   The  fruit, which is
 about the size of an orange, is delicious, and is
 eaten in almost every  disorder.   The dried hark
 is used medicinally in dysentery and tenesmus;
 and a strong decoction has been  much esteemed
 in ulcerated sore throat.
   Garcin'ia  Puhi'u'rea.   From this  species a
 concrete oil of 31angostcen  is obtained, which is
 called, in India, Kokum butter, Koknm  being the
 Indian name of Mangosteen.  The oil is extracted
 from the fruit by boiling.  It is  used in India in
 cases of chaps.
   GA RDE-MA LA DE, Nurse.
   GARDENIA DUMETORUM, Randia dume-
 torum—g. Spinosa, G. dumetorum.
   GARDEROBE, Artemisia abrotanum.
   GARDEHOBES, Fasces.
   GARDINER'S  ALIMENTARY  PREPARA-
 TION, see Orvza.
   GAHDOGCHES, Vesiculae seminales.
   GARETUM, Poples.
   GARGALISMUS, Gargalus.
   GAR'GALUS, Gar'gale,  Gargalis'rnus,  Titil-
 la'tio, Irrita'tio. Pruri'tns.  Titillation,  irrita-
 tion, itching.  Also, masturbation; and,  rarely,
 animal magnetism.
   GARGAREON,  Uvula.
   GARGARISATIO,  Gargarism.
   GAR'GARISM,   Gargaris'mns,  Gargaris'ma,
 Anagargalic''ton, Gargaris'rnum,  Collu'tio,  Dia-
 clys'ma, Anagargaris'ton, Anagargarism'us, Ana-
 conchy I is'mils, Anaconchylias'mus, Titillamen'tnm,
 from yapyaptfa, 'I  wash the  mouth,' 'I gargle.'
 A gargle.   Any liquid medicine, intended to be
 retained in the  mouth, for a certain  time, and to
 be thrown in contact with the uvula, velum  pen-
 dulum, tonsils, &c.  For this purpose, the liquid
 is agitated by the air issuing from the larynx, the
 head being thrown back.  Gargles are employed
 in cynanche tonsillaris and  other  diseases of the
 fauces, and are made of stimulants, sedatives,
 astringents, refrigerants, Ac, according  to cir-
 cumstances.
   The process is termed gargling, gargarisa'iio.
   The term calluto'riinn or colliitorinni oris is ge-
 nerally restricted to a  wash for the mouth.
   GARGET,  Phytolacca decandra.
   GARGLE,  Gargarism.
   GARGLING, see Gargarism.
   GARGOUILLE.MEA'T,   Borborygmus,  Gur-
 gling.  See Rale mnqiieux.
   GARLIC,  Allium—g.   Hedge,  Alliaria—g.
 Meadow,  Allium Canadense.
   GARLOCK, Sinapis arvensis.
   GAROSMUM, Chenopodium vulvaria.
   GAROU BARK, Daphne gnidium.
   GARRETUM, Poples.
   GARROPHYLLUS, Eugenia caryophyllata.
   GARROT (F.),  garrot,  from garotter,  'to tie
 fast.'   A   compressing bandage, tightened by
 twisting a small cylinder of wood, by which the
 arteries of a limb are compressed, for the purpose
 of suspending the flow of blood in cases of hemor-
 rhage, aneurism, amputation, Ac
   GARROTILLO, Cynanche maligna.
   GARRULITAS. Loquacity.
   GARU'LEUM BIPINNA'TUM. A South Afri-
 can  plant, Ord. Compositae: known under the
 name Snakeroot, from its  reputed  effects as an
 antidote to the bites of venomous serpents.   The
i root is a great favourite with the Boers in  chest
 diseases—as asthma—and  in affections in which
 a free secretion from the  mucous membrane of
 the  bronchia is indicated.  It has diaphoretic
 properties, and acts as a diuretic  in  gout and
 dropsy.   It is given in decoction or tincture. Dr.
 Pappe thinks the  root ought to  have a place in
 the Materia Medica. 
GARUM                 415                GASTRITIS
  GARUM, yapov,  Licul'men,  Liqua'men.  Tbe II
ancient  Romans gave this  name to a kind  of I
pickle made by collecting the liquor which flowed
from salted  and  half-putrefied fish.  It was used |
as a condiment.— The Geoponics, Humelberg  on
Apicius, Martial, Ac
   GARVANCE. Cicer arietinum.
   GAS, see Gaz—g.  Ammoniacale, Ammonia —
g. Animate sanguinis, Gaz sanguinis—g.Azoticum,
Azote — g. Azoticum  oxvgenatum. Nitrogen, ga-
seous oxide of—g.  Hepaticum,  Hydrogen, sul-
phuretted— g. Hydrogenitim sulphuretum, Hy-
drogen, sulphuretted—g.  Intoxicating, Nitrogen,
gaseous oxide of—g. Laughing, Nitrogen, gaseous
oxide of—g. of  the Lungs, Gaz, pulmonary—g.
Nitrous, dephlogisticated, Nitrogen, gaseous oxide
of—g. Oxygenated  muriatic acid, Chlorine — g.
 Oxymuriatic acid. Chlorine—g. Palustre, Miasm,
 marsh—g. Paradise,  Nitrogen, gaseous oxide of
 —g. Sulphuris,  Sulphurous acid.
   GXSCARILLA,  Croton cascarilla.
   GASPING, Anhelutio.
   G A ST E IN, M IN E R A L W A TE R S OF.
 Gastein or Gasteiner Wildbad is  in  the  Noric
 Alps, Austria.  The waters are thermal.   Temp.
 lOfi0 to 118° Fah.   They  contain sulphate of
 soda, chloride of sodium, chloride of potassium,
 carbonate of soda, carbonate of lime,  magnesia,
 manganese, iron, Ac.
    GASTER,  yatxrnp.  The abdomen.   At  times,
 but rarely, the uterus.  Also, the stomach, in
 particular ; Hence :
    GASTERALGIA, Gastrnlgia,
    (iASTERANAX, from ynornp, 'the abdomen,'
 and aval;, 'a  king.'   A name given by Dolaeus to
  u hypothetical  vital principle, corresponding to
  the Archaeus of Van Helmont, the seat of which
  he placed in  the lower  bellv.  See Bithnimalca.
    GASTERAXGEMPHRAXIS,  Gasterangiem-
  phraxis.
    GASTERANGIEMPHRAX'IS, Gasterangem-
  phrax'is, Gasteremjrhra.r' is.   Obstruction  of the
  pylorus;  from yaarrip, 'stomach,' ay%ur, 'I stran-
  gle,' and eptppaaam, • I  obstruct.'—Vogel.  Also,
  and properly,  obstruction or congestion of the
  vessels of the stomach.
    GASTERASE. Pepsin.
    GASTERASTHEXI'A./ni&ec)7Z'<'tosseu.4ron'jVj
  SOU Lax'itas ventric'uli; from yaarrip, 'stomach,'
  and aoQivtta, 'debility.'  Debility of the stomach.
    GASTERATAXIA, Embarras gastriqne.
    GASTKRECIIE'MA,   Gastrechc'ma,  Smlitus
  stomach'icus;  from  yuarnp, 'the  stomach,'  and
  tlXlf", 'sound.'  Sound  heard on auscultating  or
  percussing the  region of the stomach, and referred
   to that organ.
    G A S T E R E M PII R A XIS,  Gasterangiem-
   phraxis.
    G \S TERHYSTEROTOMY, Cossarean section.
    G ASTR.E'MIA,  from yairrnp,  'the stomach,
   and ' ni(i,i, 'blood.'  Ilvperminia of the stomach.
    GAS I RALGIV. Cardialgia.
    GASTR ANEURYSM A. Gastrectasis.
    GASTRATROPHTA. from  yacrr,0. 'the sto-
   ma'-h.' and  arpofia, 'wasting.'   Atrophy of the
   stomach.
    GASI'RECIIEMA,  Gasterechema.
    GASTRECTASIS,  Cast, eeta'sia,  Gastraneu-
   rys'inu,  Dilatiltio ventric'uli: from yaarnp,  'the
   stomach,' and cKraots,  'dilatation.'  Dilatation
   of tbe stomach.
    GASTRELCOBROSTS, Gastrobrosis ulcerosa.
    GASTRELCO'SIS, Uleera'tio seu  Exnlcera'tio
   seu ITcera ventric'uli, from ynaTiip, 'tbe stomach,'
   nnd 'iXntiDiris, 'ulceration.'  Ulceration of the sto-
   mach.  When accompanied  with  hectic,  it con-
   stitutes  Gastrophthlsis, Gastroph'thoe.
    GASTRELYTROTOMIA, see Cassarean  Sec-
   tion.
  GASTRENCEPHALO'MA,   Gastromyelo'ma,
Gostromyelo'sis, Gastroencephalo' sis ; from yaarrip,
'the stomach,' and eytcttpaXos, 'the  brain.'   En-
cephaloid of the stomach.
  GASTREXCHYTA. Stomach pump.
  GASTRENTERIC. Gastroentericus.
  GASTREXTERITIC, Gastroenteritic
  GASTRENTEROMALA'CIA, Gastrenteroma-
lax'is, from yaarrip, 'stomach,' evrt/iov  'intestine,'
and paXaKta,  ' softening.'  Softening of the sto-
mach and intestines.
  GASTREPATICUS, Gastrohepatic
  GASTREPATI'TIS.  Infiamma'tio  ventrie'uh
et hep'atis; from yatrrnp,  'stomach,'  and 'j/irap
'liver.'  Inflammation of the stomach  and liver.
  GASTREPIPLOICUS.  Gastroepiploic
  G A S T R E R E T H I S ' IA ; from yairrnp, ' sto-
mach,' and tptQtfa, 'I irritate.'  Irritation of tb&
stomach.
  GASTRIC, Gas'tricus ;  from  yaarnp, 'the sto-
mach.'  Belonging or relating to tbe stomach.
  Gastiuc Ar'teries are three  in number, Ar-
te'ria gastro-epiplo'ica dextra, A. gastro-epiploi'-
co  siuis'tra, and  A. corona'ria rentri'ciili.
  GASTRIC Juiue, Suceus  gas'tricus, 3len'strunm
seu Ferment'um  Ventric'uli, (F.)  Sue Gastriqne,
 Gastric Acid.  A fluid, secreted from the mucous
 membrane of the stomach.  As met with, it is  a
 mixture of the fluids secreted by that  organ with
 those of the supra-diaphragmatic  portion of the
 alimentary canal.  Owing to such admixture, tbe
 most contrary properties  have  been assigned to
 it.   That such a fluid is secreted, which concurs
 powerfully in digestion,  is  evident  from  many
 considerations, and has  been positively  proved
 by the author and numerous others. It was found
 by him to contain, in man  chlorohydric and acetic
 acids.   The gastric fluid in cases of sudden death
 sometimes corrodes and perforates the stomach ;
 giving  rise to interesting  questions  in  medical
 jurisprudence.
    Gastric Nerves.  The two cords by which
 the  pneumogastric nerves terminate, and  which
 descend on the two surfaces  of the stomach; as
 well  as the filaments of  the great sympathetic,
 which accompany the gastric vessels.
    Gastric Pi.ex is, Plexus  corona'rius ventric'-
 uli.   A nervous net-work,  formed by  the solar
 plexus.  It   accompanies the Arteria coronaria
 ventriculi, and passes along the lesser curvature
 of the stomach, to which  it gives branches.
    Gastric Veins follow the same distribution as
 the arteries,and open into the Vena porta abdominis.
    GAS'TRICISM, Gastricis'mus,  from  yaarnp,
 'the stomach.'  A name  by which is designated
i the  medical theory, that refers all, or almost all,
 diseases to  an accumulation of saburrae in the
 digestive passages.
    GASTRIC IT E. Embarras gastrique.
    GASTRILOQUE. Engastrimyth.
    GASTRILOQUIST.  Engastrimyth.
    GASTRILOQUUS, Engastrimyth.
    GASTRIMARGUS,  Glutton.
    GASTRINUM. Potash.
    GASTRISMUS, Gluttony, see Saburra.
}|   GASTRIT'IC,  Gastrit'iciis;  same etymon  as
IS the rest.  Relating to gastritis.
]   GASTRI'TIS. from yamnp, 'the stomach,'and
I itis, denoting inflammation.  Ventric'uli infiam-
  ma'tio,  Canina  seu Empres'ma  seu  Cardialgia
  infiammato'ria,  Febris stomach'ica infiammato'ria,
  Infliiinrna'tio gastritis, T.  ventric'uli seu stom'achi,
') Phlci/'mone  rentric'uli. Inflammation of the sto-
 I mach, (F.)  Infiammation de I'Estomac, Gastritc,
I] Catarrhe gastriqne.   A disease, characterized  by
!  pyrexia; great  anxiety; heat  nnd pain in the
 I epigastrium, increased  by taking  any thing into
|l the  stomach ;  vomiting and  hiccup.  Gastritis
  may either be seated in the peritoneal or mucous 
GASTRO                41fi          GASTROMALAXIA
coat.  It is most  frequently in the latter—Eso-
gastri'tis, Endogastri'tis, Gastromycoderi'tis, Gas-
tritis  muco'sa — being excited directly by acrid
ingesta.  It requires the most active treatment;
—bleeding,'blistering, fomentations, diluents, Ac.
Some degree of inflammation of the mucous coat
of the stomach was considered  by the followers
of Broussais to be present in almost all fevers ;
and  the various  forms of dyspepsia  have been
supposed by some to be nothing more than chronic
endogastri'tis.
  Gastritis Arthritica, Cceliagra.
  GASTRO, from yaarrip, 'stomach.'  In compo-
sition, relating or appertaining to the stomach,
or belly.
  GASTRO-ARTHRITIS,  Gout —g.  Ataxia,
Dyspepsia—g.  Atonia, Dyspepsia—g. Bronchitis,
Fever, adenomeningeal — g. Entirite intense, Sy-
nocha—g. Entirite, with nervous affection of the
brain, see Typhus—g. Enteritis, follicular, Dothin-
enteritis ; see Tvphus.
  GASTROBRO'SIS, Perfora'tio ventric'uli,
Gastrorrhex'is, (F.)  Perforation  de I'Estomac;
from  gastro, and  Bpurao;,  ' the act  of gnawing.'
Corrosion and perforation of the stomach.
  Gastrobro'sis  Ulcero'sa,  Gastrelcobro'sis.
Destruction and perforation  of the coats of the
stomach by ulceration.
  GASTROCE'LE,  from  gastro,   and nnXn,  'a
tumour.'  Hernia of the stomach. Hernia ventric'-
uli, (F.) Hemie de lEstomac. Hernia formed by
the stomach  through the upper part of the  linea
alba: a disease, the existence of which has been
doubted by  many.   See Epigastrocele.
  GASTRD-CEPHALI'TIS; from gastro, KttjraXr,,
'head,' and itis, denoting inflammation.  Inflam-
mation of the stomach and head,—a not uncom-
mon concomitant of certain malignant fevers.
  GASTROC1IOLOSIS, Fever, gastric.
  GASTROCNEME, Sura.
  GASTROCXEMIA, Sura.
  GASTROCNE'MII,  from  gastro, and  nvvpv,
'the  leg.'   The name of  the two fleshy masses
which occupy the posterior and  superficial part
of  the  leg,  Gemelli ; (F.)  Gastrocnimiens, Ju-
meaux de la jambe, Bifimoro-calcaniens—(Ch. ;)
the two constituting the Gastroene'mitts exter'nus,
of English  anatomists.  These  muscles are dis-
tinguished into internal and external, which are
distinct above, but  united at  their inferior ex-
tremity.  They are  long, flat,  and thick;  and
arise—the former from the posterior part of the
outer condyle of  the femur;  the  latter, from the
pasterior part of  the inner condyle of the  same
bone.   The  aponeurosis,  which   unites   these
muscles below, joins with  that of  the Solaris, and
forms with  it, a  large tendon, which,  under the
name Tendo Achillis, is  inserted at the posterior
part  of the calcaneum.   These  muscles extend
the foot on the leg, and the leg on the  foot.  They
can, also, bend the leg and the thigh reciprocally
on each other.  For  the  Gastrocnemius internus,
see Sulcus.
   GASTROCNEMIUM,  Sura.
   GASTROCCELIACUS, Cceliac.
   GASTROC03LICUS, Coeliac
   GASTROCOLIC, see Epiploon, gastrocolic.
   GASTROCOLICA, Cardialgia.
   GASTROCOLI'TIS, from  gastro,  and  kwXov,
'colon.'  Inflammation of the stomach and colon.
   GASTROCOLPOTOMIA,  see  Cassarean  sec-
tion.
   GASTRODID'YMUS, Gastrod'ymus, Did'ymus
Symphyogas'triiis,  Psod'ymus;  from  gastro and
Stitvpoq, 'a twin.'  A monstrosity  in which  twins
are united bv the abdomen.
   GASTRODUODE'NAL,   Gastroduodena'lis;
from gastro, and  duodenum.  Relating to  the
stomach and duodenum.
  GASTRO-DUODENITIS, (F.)  Gastro-duodi-
trite.  Inflammation of the stomach  and bowels,
an affection, which figured largely in the system
of Broussais.  Sec Gastro-enteritis.
  GASTRODUODENOPYRA,  Fever, adeno-
meningeal.
  GASTRODYNE, Cardialgia.
  GASTRODYNIA, Cardialgia — g. Flatulenta,
Colica flatulenta.
  GASTRO-ELYTROTOMIA, see Cassarean sec-
tion.
  GASTRO-ENTERAL'GIA,from,9(i«ri-,),tVr£poi.,
' intestine,' and  aXyos,  ' pain.'  Pain  in  the sto-
mach and intestines.
  GASTROfiNTERTC,  Gastroentcr'icns,  Gas-
treuter' ic, Gnat renter'icus, Gostro-intes'tinni, from
gastro, and ivrepov, 'intestine.'  Relating to  the
stomach  and intestine.
  GASTROEXTERITE, Gastroenteritis.
  G A S T R 0 E N T E R I T'l C, Gastroenterilicns,
Gastrenterit'ic,  Gttstrenterit'icus;  same etymon
as the next.  Relating to gastroenteritis.
  GASTROENTERICS, Infiammatio ventric'.
uli  et Intestino'rum, (F.)  Gastro-entirite, Gastro.
enter'ic  disease,  from gastro, ivrepov, 'an intes-
tine,' and itis, a  suffix  denoting  infiammation.
Inflammation of the stomach and small  intestine.
According to Broussais,  the essential fevers of
authors  are gastro-enteritis, simple, or compli-
cated.
  GASTROEPIPLOIC, Gastro-epiplo'iats, Gas-
trepiplo'icus, from gastro  and eirnrXoov, 'the epip-
loon.'  That  which relates  to  the  stomach and
epiploon.
  Gastroepiploic Arteries,  Gastric   inferior
arteries,  are  two  in number, and  distinguished
into right anil left.  The right, also called Gastro-
hcpat'ic,  Gas'trica infe'rior dextra,  Gastro-epip-
lo'ica dextra, is  furnished by the hepatic artery.
It descends behind the pylorus, and passes from
right to  left,  along the great curvature of the
stomach.   It  gives  branches  to  the pancreas,
duodenum, stomach, omentum majus, and termi-
nates by anastomosing with  the Gastro-epiplo'ii-n
sinis'tra, Gas'trica sinis'tra seu infe'rior si nil tra.
This — the left — arises from the splenic artery.
It is of considerable magnitude, and passes from
left to right,  along  the great  curvature of the
stomach, distributing its branches  more  particu-
larly  to  the  stomach  and  omentum majus.  It
terminates by joining the right gastro-epiploic.
  Gastroepiploic Ganglions  are the lyinphat'c
ganglions  or  glands,  situate towards the  great,
curvature of  the stomach, between the two  ante-
rior laminas of the omentum majus.
  Gastroepiploic Veins are distinguished, like
the arteries,  into right  and  left.   They empty
themselves; — the former, into the superior me-
senteric : the latter, into the splenic vein.
  GASTROH/EMORRHAGIA, Hasmatemesis.
  GASTROII EPAT'IC, Gastro-hepat'icus, Hep'-
ato-gas'tricus, Gastrepat'icus ;  from  gastro, and
'nKiip, jjTraroj, ' the liver.'  Relating to the stomach
and liver.  This name has been given to several
organs.  See Epiploon, gastrohepatic, Ac.
  GASTRO-HEPATITIS.  Simultaneous inflam-
mation of the stomach and  liver.
  GASTROHYSTEROTOMY, Cassarean section.
  GASTRO-INTESTINAL, Gastro-enteric.
  GASTROLIENALIS,  Gastrosplenicus.
  GASTROLITIII'ASIS, from gastro, and Xi0m-
ais, ' formation of stone.'  The formation of con-
cretions, gastrol'ithi, in the stomach.
  GASTROMALACIA, Gastromalaxia.
  GASTROMALAX'IA, Gastro-mala'cia,  Gas.
tromalaco'sis, 3Talacogeis'ter, 3lalax'is veutric'uh,
Dissoht'tio  ventric'uli,   Ernollil'io  ventric'uli,
Pseudophlogo'sis ventric'uli  resolutlva  et co^i- 
GASTROMANTIS           417                    GAZ
auati'va, 3Tctainorpho'sis ventric'uli gelatinifor'-
tnis, Ero'sio et perfora'tio sponta'nen  ventric'uli,
R, Holu'tio et diabro'sis ventric'uli, (F.) Ramollisse-
ment  tie I'Estomac,  from  gastro, and  paXa^n,
'softening.'  Softening of the  stomach, induced
at times by the gastric secretions  after death,—
Risolu'tio ventric'uli autopep'tica.
   GASTROMANTIS, Engastrimyth.
   GASTROM'ELES, from gastro, and ueXoc, 'a
limb.'  A monster with one or  more supernume-
 rary limbs on the abdomen.
   GASTROME'NIA,  from gastro, and pvv, 'a
 month.'  Vicarious  menstruation  from the sto-
 mach.
   GASTRO-MENINGITIS, Fever, gastric.
   GASTROMETROTOMIA, Cassarean section.
   GASTROMYCODERIS, see Stomach.
   GASTROMYCODERITIS, see  Gastritis.
   GASTROMYELOMA, Gastroencephaloma.
   GASTROXOSUS,  Gastropathy.
   GASTROPARAL'YSIS, Gastrople'gia, Paral-
 ysis  ventric'uli;  from gastro, and  TtapaXvati,
 'paralysis.'  Paralysis of the stomach.
   GASTROP'ATHY,  Gastropathla,  Gastrorl-
 osus, Gastionu'sits,  from gastro, anil  rrados, 'dis-
 ease.'  Disease of the stomach.
   GASTROPERIODYN'IA;  Sool  (India.)  A
 violent periodical neuralgic pain at the pit of the
 Btomach, not uncommon in  Hindoostan.
   GASTROPHRENTC, Giistro-phreu'icus, from
 gastro, and  tppevts,  'the diaphragm.'   Belonging
 to the  stomach and diaphragm.
   Gastrophrenic Ligament is a reflection of the
 peritoneum,  which descends from the inferior sur-
 face  of the diaphragm to the cardia.
   GASTROPHTIIISIS, Gastrelcosis.
   GASTROPIITHOE, Gastrelcosis.
   GASTROPLEGIA, Gastroparalysis.
   GASTROPYRA, Fever, gastric
   GASTROPYRETUS, Fever, gastric.
   GASTROR'APHY, Gastrorrhu'phia,  Gastror'-
 rhaphe, Sittu'ra abe/omina'lis,  from  gastro, and
 patjtn,  'a suture.'  The  suture  used  for uniting
 wounds penetrating the abdomen, when they are
 too extensive or  too unequal to be kept in contact
 by position,  adhesive plaster, or appropriate ban-
 dages.   The interrupted and quilled  sutures are
 those chiefly employed.
   GASTRORRHAGIA, Hasmatemesis.
   GASTRORRHEXIS, Gastrobrosis.
   GASTRORRHCE'A, from gastro, and peur,  'I
 flow.'  Blennorrhit'a  seu Fluxus ventric'uli, (F.)
 Flux mnqueux  de  lestomac,  Catarrhe stomacal.
 A morbid condition of the stomach,  which  con-
 sists in the secretion of an  excessive  quantity of
 mucus  from  the lining  membrane.  Also, Coeliac
 flux.
   GASTROSCIR'RHUS,  Induru'tio  ventric'uli
 tcirrho'sa,  Scirrhus  seu earcino'ma  ventric'uli.
 Scirrhous induration or cancer of  the stomach.
   GASTROSCOPIA, Abdominoscopia.
   GASTRO'SES.  A generic  name for diseases
 which  are seated in the stomach.—Alibert.
   GASTROSPLE'NIC, Gastrosple'nicus, Gattro-
 liena'lis, from gastro, and mrXnv, 'the spleen.'
 Relating to stomach  and spleen.
   GASTR0STENOS1S, Stricture  of the stomach.
   Gastrostenosis  Cardi'aca  et  Pvlor'ica;
 from gastro, and artvos,  'narrow.'   Narrowness
 of the  cardiac and  pyloric orifices of the stomach
 from cancer  of that organ.
   GASTROT'OMY, from gastro, and ropr/, 'inci-
 sion.'  Several different operations have been so
 called.   1. The  Cav-oreon Section.   2.  An inci-
 fion made into  the  abdomen for  the purpose of
 removing some  internal strangulation  or  volvu-
 lus, or  to  reduce hernia, Laparolomy: and,  3.
 The opening made  in the  stomach, to  remove a
        27
foreign  body which has passed into it through
the oesophagus.
  GASTRYPERNEU'RIA,  from gastro,  'vmp,
'above,'  and  vevpov,  'a nerve.'  Morbidly in-
creased activity of the nerves of the stomach.
   GATEAU FEBRILE, Ague cake.
   GATEUX (F.), fromgater, 'to spoil.' A name
given, in  the  insane  hospitals, and in the hospi-
tals for incurables and the aged, in France, to
persons who are incapable of attending to them-
selves, and have lost all sense of cleanliness.
   GATHERING, Abscess, Suppuration.
   GA TTILIER, Vitex.
   GAUDIA FffiDA, Masturbation.
   GAULTHE'RIA, Gaulthe'ria seu  Gualthe'ria
procum'bens,  Gautie'ra  repens,  Mountain  Tea.
Partridge Berry, Berried Tea, Gronseberry, Deer-
berry, Spice berry, Tea berry, Red berry, Whiter-
green, Red berry Tea, Ground berry, Ground icy,
Ground holly. Hill berry,  Box berry, Chequer
berry, (F.)  Gaulthirie, Palommier,  Thi du Ca-
nada, called after Dr. Gaulthier, of Quebec.  Ord.
Ericaceae.  An  American plant, which is one of
the principal  articles of the materia medica of
some Indian tribes.  The infusion of the leaves
is  stimulant and  anodyne, and  is said to  have
been used, with advantage, in asthma.  The oil
— Oleum  Gaultheria, Ph. U.  S.,—is used, chiefly
on account  of its  pleasant flavour, to  cover tie
taste of other medicines.
   GAUNTLET, Gantelet.
   GAUQUAVA, Smilax China.
   GAUTIERA REPENS, Gaultheria.
   GAY FEATHER, Liatris spicata.
   GAY AC, Guaiacum.
   GAYLUSSACTA RESINO'SA, Vaccirlium re-
sino'sum, Black Huckleberry.   Order,  Ericaceas,
(called after the chemist, Gay-Lussac.)  An  indi-
genous plant, whose fruit is sweet and agreeable.
The leaves and root, as well as those of Gavlus-
sacia Dumo'sa, Dwarf huckleberry, and  of G.
Frondo'sa, Blue  tangle, indigenous, are used in
decoction as astringents in diarrhoea, sore throat,
Ac.
   GAZ, Gas, Air.  Van Helmont first designated
by this name, — the etymology of which is un-
known,— the carbonic acid developed  in the vi-
nous fermentation.   Afterwards,  the  term  was
appropriated to every permanently elastic  fluid ;
that is, which preserves its aeriform state  at all
temperatures ;  and ultimately it was extended to
all aeriform bodies; — which were divided into
permanent and non-permanent gazes.  The latter
are generally termed vapours: — they  return to
the liquid state, when a portion of their caloric  is
abstracted.   The permanent gazes, or gazes pro-
perly so  called, are  numerous, and  may be di-
vided into  three sections with  regard  to  their
effects on the animal economy.
                    Carbonic acid,  ammoniacal
                      gaz,chlorohydric acid gaz,
                      deutoxide of azote, nitrous
                      acid gaz, and chlorine.
                    Hydrogen, azote.
                   r Oxygen, protoxide of azote,
                      carburetted hydrogen,car-
                      bonic  oxide, sulphuretted
                      hydrogen, and arseuiuret-
                      ted hydrogen.

  It is proper to remark that tbe term respirablc
has been very  differently employed  by different
writers.  Sometimes it has meant the power of
supporting  life when applied to the blood in  the
lungs.   At  others, all  gazes  have been deemed
irrespirable, which are  incapable of being iutro-
1.  Irrespirable
     gazes.

2. Negatively dele-
  terious gazes.


3. Positively  dele-
  terious gazes. 
GAZ DES  BALLONS       418              GENERATIO
duced into the lungs by voluntary efforts,—with-
out any  relation  to  their power  of  maintaining
vitality ;  and this is perhaps the best sense.  The
gazes were, at one time, employed in medicine,
under great expectations,—especially by the en-
thusiastic Beddoes ;  but they  are now scarcely
ever had recourse to.  They differ, considerably,
in their  effects on the animal  economy.  Some,
as oxygen,  are  exciting;  others, as  azote, de-
pressing; whilst  others, again, as the Protoxide
of azote  or laughing gas, produce the most sin-
gular effects.
  GAZ  DES BALLOXS, Hydrogen.
  Gaz, Pul'monary, Gaz of the  lungs. A name
gived to  the expired  air;  which contains—besides
common  air, an increase of carbonic acid, water,
and  some animal matter.
  Gaz Sang'uinis, Gaz anima'le san'guinis, Hal-
itus  seu  Aura seu  Vapor san'guinis, Spir'itus
rorif'erus, Hamalmus.  The  halitus, or vapour,
given off by freshly-drawn blood.
  GAZEL, Ribes nigrum.
   GAZELLE, Antilopus.
   GEAXT, Giant.
   GEANTISME, see  Giant.
   GERARPULVER, Ergot.
   GEDE'OLA.  The convex part of the liver.—
Du  Cange.
   GEILNAU, MINERAL WATERS OF.   Geil-
nau is a village in the grand duchy of Nassau, at
no great distance from  Frankfort.   The waters
contain  carbonic acid, carbonate, sulphate, and
phosphate of soda, chloride of sodium, carbonate
of lime,  magnesia, and iron.
   GEISMAR, MINERAL WATERS OF.  The
mineral  waters of Geismar, in Bavaria, are aci-
dulous chalybeates.
   GEISUM,  yeitrov, Geison.   The  part  of the
frontal bone over the eyes.
   GELAPPIUM, Convolvulus jalapa.
   GELASINI DENTES, Incisive teeth.
   GELASMUS,  Canine laugh.
   GELATIG"ENOUS.   A  hybrid  term,  from
gelatin,  and  yevio or yevvaor, 'to engender.'   That
which forms gelatinous structure. Dr. Carpenter
restricts the term to substances yielding gelatin.
 The propriety of this may well be questioned.
   GEL'ATIN, Gelatine, Ge/alina, Galreda, (F.)
 Gelatine, from (F.)  Gelie, 'gelly  or jelly.'  From
 (L.) Gelu, 'ice.'  An immediate animal principle.
 It  is  semitransparent, insipid, inodorous, inso-
 luble in cold water,  very soluble in  hot, which it
 thickens, and transforms into jelly on cooling.
 Gelatin  is a  nutritious  substance:  and,  when
 dissolved  in a  considerable  quantity of  water,
 forms an emollient fluid, much used in therapeu-
 tics, but not the most  easy  of  digestion.  Two
 forms of gelatin are admitted — the  one glut in or
 gelatin  proper :  the other chondrin.
   Gelatin of Wharton, Gelaliua Whartonia'na,
 Jelly of the Cord.  A  soft, dense, fluid, gelatinous
 substance, which envelops the  umbilical cord, and
 is conceived, by some, to be inservient to the nu-
 trition of the foetus.
   GELATTNA  AQUATICA, Brasenia  hydro-
 peltis.
   GELATINE  DES CARTILAGES, Chondrin.
   GELATINIFORM MATTER OF THE IN-
 TESTINE,  Albuminose.
   GELAT'INOUS, Gelatino'sits, (F.) Gilatineux.
 Relating, or appertaining to, or  having the cha-
 racter or appearance of gelatin or jelly.  Ariscid.
   Gelatinous Nerve-fibre,  see Nerve fibres.
   GELATIO, Congelation.
   GELDING, Castration.
   GELEE, Gelly — g. c ntre  le Goitre, Balsam,
 ioduretted.
  GELLY, Jelly, Jus gela'tum seu coagnltltum,
Gelu,  (F.)  Gelie.  Same etymon.   A  substance
of a soft consistence, tremulous, and transparent,
which  is obtained, by an appropriate treatment,
from animal and vegetable matters: hence tho
distinction  into animal and vegetable jelly.  The
former is merely a concentrated solution of gela-
tin, left to cool.
  Vegetable Jelly is found in the juice of the cur-
rant, mulberry, and of almost all acid fruits, when
ripe.   It is of itself colourless, but  almost always
retains a little colouring matter of the fruit which
has furnished it.   It has an  agreeable taste; is
scarcely soluble in  cold water, but boiling waicr
dissolves it readily : the jelly is, however, almost
all deposited on cooling.  If this aqueous solution
be boiled for a long time, it  becomes analogous
to mucilage, and loses the property of being jel-
lied on cooling.
  GELSEM'INUM  NIT'IDUM.  G. Sempervl-
reus, Bigno'nia sempervirens,  Yellow Jes'samine.
The flowers, root, Ac, of this shrub of the South-
ern States,  Sex. Syst. Pentandria  Digynia, Ant.
Ord.  Apocyneas, are narcotic, and  the effluvia
from  the  former are said sometimes  to induce
stupor.
  GELU, Gelly.
  GELUS,  Risus.
  GEMELLI,  Gastrocnemii,  Ischio-trochanteri-
anus, Testicles.
  GEMEL'LUS, Gem'inus,  'a twin,' Did'ymus,
(F.) Jiimeun, Jumelle, Bessun,  Bcssonne.  One of
two children, twins, born at the same accouche-
ment,  or gestation.  Also, relating  to twins, as
'a twi'ti conception.'
  Gemellus Mus'culus.  Cowper  applies this
name to the long portion of the triceps brachialis
united to the inner portion.
  GEMINI, Ischio-trocbanterianus, Testicles.
  GEMINUM CENTRUM SEMICIRCULARE,
Tasnia semicircularis.
  GEMINUS,  Gemellus.
  GEMIPOMA, Mamma.
  GE3ITSSE3IENT, see Moaning.
  GEMMA, Granulation—g. Oculi, Crystalline.
  GEMMATION, see Generation.
  Gemmation, Generation by, see Generation.
  GE3T3IIPARITE, see Generation.
  GEMMIPAROUS, see Generation.
  GEMUR'SA, a corn; also a name given  by
the ancients to a disease seated between the toes;
—the  nature of which is unknown to us.
  GEN, Gerlesis,  'generation,' from ytvvaur, 'I
make.'  Hence Hydrogen, Osteogeny, Ac.
  GEXA.   The Cheek, Genys, Parei'a, Gamphe,
Gumphe'le,Gnathos, Gnathmus, 3Iala, (Sc.) Wouge,
(F.) Joue.   The cheeks form the lateral parts of
the  mouth.  Externally,  they have no precise
limits : they are continuous, above, with the lower
eyelid; below, they descend as far as the base of
the jaw; before, they terminate at the ala- nasi,
and at the commissures of the lips ; and behind,
at the ear.  Their  thickness varies,  according to
 the  degree of fatness of tbe individual.   They
are formed of three layers; — one dermoid, ano-
 ther muscular, and the third mucous.
   GENU IVES, Gingivas.
   GEXEANTHROPY, Anthropogenia.
   GEXEI'AS, Lanu'go prima, Probar'bium. The
 downy hairs, which first cover the cheek.  Also,
 a bandage which passes under the chin.
   GEXEION, Beard, Mentum.
   GENERAL  ANATOMY,  see  Anatomy — g.
 Practitioner, Surgeon-apothecary.
   GENERALE, Influenza,
   GENERATIO, Generation —g. iEquivoca, see
 Generation—g. Calculi, Lithia — g. Homogenca, 
GENERATION             4
  see Generation — g. Primigena, see Generation—
  g. Primitiva, see Generation — g. Originaria, see
  Generation—g. Spontanea, see Generation.
    GENERATION,  Genera'lio, Gerlesis,  Genne'-
  tis, Gone, Gouus, Procrea'tio, Procreation, Breed-
  ing, from  (L.) geno, genere,  genitum, yevur,  or
  yivvata, 'to engender.'   Under this  name physi-
  ologists  comprehend the aggregate of functions,
  which concur, in organized beings,  towards the
  production of their  kind.   The act of generation
  means the union of the sexes.  See Coition.  The
  writers of antiquity believed,  that all organized
  bodies  are produced  either by what  is termed
  univ'ocal  or regular generation,  Homogerlesis,
  genera'tio  homogen'ea, propaga'tio, which applies
  to the upper classes of  animals and vegetables,
  or by spontaneous generation, Autogorlia, hetero-
  gen'esis, yeneratio heterogerlea seu aquiv'oea seu
  primitiva seu primig"ena seu origina'ria seu
  spout a' nca, spontipariti (DugtSs), which they con-
  sidered applicable to the very lowest  classes only,
  as the mushroom, the worm, tbe frog, Ac.  There
  arc still many distinguished naturalists who con-
  sider that beings, low in the  scale of animality,
  are produced in the latter way.   Spontaneous
  generation and  equivocal generation have  been
  regarded  by many to be synonymous.  Others,
  however,  mean  by  spontaneous generation, the
  production of a new being from the  mere combi-
  nation of  inorganic elements; whilst by equivo-
'  cal generation  they understand the  evolution of
  a new being from organized beings  dissimilar to
  themselves,  through  some irregularity  in  their
  functions, or through the incipient decay or de-
  generation of their tissues.  As to the mode in
  which  regular generation is accomplished, there
  have been many views.   According to the doc-
   trine of Hippocrates, and of the ancient philoso-
   phers, the ovaries of the female furnish a prolific
   fluid, similar to that of the male;  and the foetus
   results from the mixture of the two seeds in cop-
   ulation.   Steno  and others conceived,  that the
   ovaries contain ova, which  are not developed
   until vivified by the  male sperm.   Bonnet  and
   Spallanzani  believed in  the  pre-existence  of
   germs, created since the origin of the world, but
   encased in each other, and becoming  developed in
   succession;  whence it would follow that the ovary
   of the first female must have contained the germs
   of all subsequent generations: and that the num-
   ber of these germs  must go on always diminish-
   ing, until  ultimately extinct. This was the system
   of the evolution of germs.  According to  Leeuen-
   hoek, the  ovaries do not contain eggs, but vesicles
   destined  to receive animalcules;  which, in his
   view, live in the  sperm.  Thousands of these
   animalcules are thrown  into  the  uterus during
   copulation, and the most expeditious and vigor-
   ous reaches the ovary, after having scattered and
   destroyed its competitors.  Buffon — admitting
   the hypothesis of the two seeds — supposed that
   tbey were formed of molecules proceeding  from
   every part of the body of each parent; and that,
   by a kind of elective affinity, those which  were
   furnished by the head,  the trunk, or  the extre-
   mities of  the male  parent, could only unite with
   those proceeding  from  the  same   parts of the
   female. Before him, Maupertuis, admitting, with
   many of the ancient philosophers, the system of
   Epigenesis, and adopting, as regarded the  com-
  position of tbe sperm, a theory analogous to that
  of  Buffon, had supposed  that the molecules, ca-
  pable of being organized, were attracted towards
  a centre;  that  the nose  attracts the two eyes;
  the body, the arms; the arms, the hands,  Ac,
  nearly  as  the particles  of a salt, dissolved in a
  liquid,  arrange themselves in regular  crystals
  around  the  same nucleus.  These  and various
  other systems have been successively proposed
9                 GENIAN
n and abandoned, and the mystery of generation
| remains impenetrable.
    The simplest kind of reproduction  does not re-
I quire sexual organs.  The animal separates into
 several fragments, which form so many new indi-
| viduals.  This  is Fissip'arous generation,  Fiss'i-
 parism, G. from fission, (F.) Fissipariti,  Scissi-
 pariti, Scission, Cloisonnement, Reproduction ou
 3Iultiplication  mirismuticjue.  Gemmip'arousgene-
 ration,  (F.) Gemntipariti, Giniration par Gemma-
 tion, Surculation ou Bourgeonnement, consists  in
 the formation of buds, sporules or germs on some
 part  of the  body, which at a particular  period
 drop  off and  form  as  many  new  individuals.
 These kinds of reproduction require but one pa-
 rent— 3Ionog"eny.   In Ovip'urous  generation,
 (F.) Ovipariti, the  egg is hatched out of the body.
 In ovovivip'rous generation,  the  new  being  is
 hatched in the excretory passages.   In vivip'a-
 rous generation, the new individual is born under
 its appropriate  form ; and in marsn'pial or rnar-
 su'piate generation, the  young being, born  at  a
 very  early stage of development, is received and
 nourished in a marsupium or pouch.  In  alternate
 generation, (F.) Giniration altertmnte, the young
 not only  do not resemble the parent at birth, but
 remain dissimilar during their whole life, so that
 their relationship is not apparent until a succeed-
 ing generation.  Thus, the cercaria undergoes  a
 change into the distoma.  See Metagenesis.  All
 these kinds of reproduction  require the  union of
 sexes—Dig" eny.
    All the acts  comprising the function of genera-
 tion in man may be referred  to five great  heads.
 1.  Copulation.   2.  Conception  or  fecundation.
 3.  Gestation or Pregnancy.   4. Delivery or Ac-
 couchement; and, 5. Lactation.
    Generation, Act of, see Generation—g. Alter-
 nate, see Generation, and Metagenesis—g. Equi-
 vocal, see Generation—g. by Fission, see Genera-
 ' tion—g. Fissiparous,  see Generation—g. by Gem-
 mation, see Generation — g.  Gemmiparous,  see
 ! Generation — g. Marsupial,  see Generation—g.
 Organs of, female, see Vulva—g. Oviparous, see
 Generation—g.Regular,  see Generation—g. Spon-
 taneous, see Generation—g.  Univocal, see Gene-
 | ration—g. Viviparous, see Generation.
    GEN'EROUS, Gcnero'sus.  From  genus, gene-
 ris, 'a  race ;'  generosus, 'of a noble  race,  noble.'
 A  name  given to  wines which contain a great
 quantity  of alcohol.
    GENESIAL, Genital.
    GENESIOL'OGY, Genesiolog"ia, from yevetrtg,
 'generation,'and Xoyos,  'a  discourse.'  The  doc-
 trine of generation.
    GENESIQUE, LE, Appetite, venereal.
    GENESIS, Generation.
    GEA'ET,  Spartium  scoparium — g. a  Balai,
 Spartium  scoparium—g. des  Teinturiers, Genista
 tinctoria.
    GENETHLI'ACUS,   from  ycve6Xiof,  'natal,'
 'pertaining to nativity.'  A name given by the an-
 cients to  certain astrologers, who, from the state
 I of the heavens at the time of the birth of an in-
 dividual, predicted his future character and the
 events  of his life.
    GENETTCA, from yevttrts, 'generation.'  Dis-
 eases of  the sexual  functions; the  5th class  in
 ! Good's Nosology.  Also, agents that aet  on the
 sexual  organs.—Pereira.
    GENETICUS, Genital.
    GENEVA,  Gin, see Spirit.
    GENEYRIER, Juniperus communis—g. Oxy-
 cedre, Juniperus oxycedrus.
 i   GENGIYITE, Ulitis.
 '   GENI, Genian.
    GE'NIAN,  Genia'nus,  Ge'nial,  from yevetov,
 'the  chin.'  The Genian apoph'ysis  or Process, 
GENICULATUM            420               GENTIANA
(F.) Apophyse ginienne ou gini, is  situate at the
posterior part  of  the symphysis menti, and  is
formed of four small tubercles.
  GENICULATUM, see  Corpora geniculata.
  GENIE,  Ge'nius.   The French sometimes ap-
ply this  term  to  dieases  nearly synonymously
with nature; as Ginie inflammatoire,  G. bilieux,
G. adynamique.  Some use it in the same sense
as type; Ginie intermittent.   The unwonted pre-
dominance of any mental  faculty is also so called.
  GENIEN, Genian.
  GEN1EVRE, Gin, Juniperus communis (the
berry.)
  GENIO,  fFom yeniov, 'chin.'  In composition,
means relating or appertaining to the chin.
  GENI'OGLOSS US,  Genio-hyoglos'sus, from
yevttov, ' the  chin,'  and  yXtaaaa,  ' the  tongue.'
Mesoglossus, 3Iesoglot'tus, Nouns lingua  mus'cu-
lus.  ' The  name  of a flat,  triangular  muscle,
which extends  from  the genian apophysis to the
inferior surface of the os  hyoides and  tongue,
which last it carries forward.
  GEXIOHYODES, Geniohyoideus.
  GENIO HYOGLOSSUS, Genioglossus.
  GENIOHYOIDES, Geniohyoideus.
  <rFXI'QUY010FAJS,Gcniohyo'des,Geniohyoi'-
des, ilento-bicorrlens, from yevetnv, 'the chin,' and
'voeiins, 'the os hyoides.'   A muscle which arises
from the genian  apophysis,  and  is inserted  at
the  anterior part of the  body of the os hyoides.
Its use is  to raise the os hyoides, and carry it
forwards.   It  may, also, contribute  to depress
the  lower  jaw in  contracting  towards  the  os
hyoides.
  GENI'O-PHARYNGE'US, from ytvttov, 'the
chin,' and ipapvyZ, ' the pharynx.' A name given,
by  some anatomists, to a bundle of fibres which
passes from the lower jaw to the  sides of the pha-
rynx, and forms part of the constrictor pharyngis
superior.
   G E'NIOPLAS'TY,Genl oplas' tice, from yevetov,
 ' the chin,'  and rtXaaaii), '  I form.'  The operation
for restoring the chin.  At times used instead  of
 Genyoplasty, for the operation for restoring  the
 cheek.
   GENTPA OBLONGIFO'LIA, Huito.  A plant
 of Peru, with the juice of which the Indians paint
their legs, to protect them against the stings  of
insects.
   GENIPI ALBUM.  Achillea  moschata,  Ar-
 temisia  rupestris — g. Blanc, Artemisia rupestris
 —g. Verum, Achillea atrata.
   GENISTA,  Spartium scoparium—g. Canarien-
 sis, see  Rhodium lignum—g. Hirsuta, Spartium
 scoparium—g. Scoparia,  Spartium scoparium.
   Genis'tA Spino'sA ls'VrlCX,Bahel Schulli.  Ord.
 Leguminosas.   An  oriental  tree, a decoction  of
 the roots of which is diuretic.  The leaves boiled
 in vinegar  have the same effect.—Ray.
   Genis'ta Tincto'ria, GenistoVdis  tincto'ria,
 Spar'tium  tincto'rium, Dyers'  broom  or weed,
 Green weed, Wood  waxen, Woodwex, (F.) Genet
 des Teinturiers. A shrub cultivated in this coun-
 try  and in  Europe.   The flowering tops and seed
 have  been used  in medicine.  It has the same
 properties as Spartium scoparium.
   GENISTOIDES  TINCTORIA, Genista  tinc-
 toria.
   GENTTAL, Genita'lis, Genet'ieus, Generatio'ni
 inser'vieris, Gene'sial, Gennet'icus.  Same etymon
 as  Generation. That which belongs or relates to
 generation.
   Gen'ital Organs, Sex'ual Organs, Pudcn'da,
 Natura'lia, Natn'ra, jEdce'a, 31e'zea, 3Ie'sa, 3Io'-
 rion ; Genital, Noble, Nalural or Private parts;
 Priv'ities, Privy parts, Privy 3fembers, the Parts,
 Pars, Pars corporis seu obscce'na, Fores, Partes
 genita'les seu generatio'ni inservierltes seu obscoe'-
na, 3Ie'dca, Vercn'da, Pedes, Inguen, Genitalia,
Gennct'iea,  (lyrnna,  3lembra pudcn'da,  Or'gitiin
generatio'ni inservierltia, 0. sexua'lia seu geuita'-
Ua,(F.) Organes ginitaux,Partiesginitales ou/ion-
teuses ou ginitoires ou nobles ou sexuelles ou rut-
turelles, Les Parties, Ginitoires.  The parts that
are inservient to the reproduction of the species.
These are very different in the male and female.
In  man, they are  numerous; some  secreting the
sperm, as the testicles  and  their  appendages;
others retaining  it,  as the vesiculae seminules |
and another for carrying it into the organs of the
female,—the penis.   In the female, the parts of
generation form an apparatus, perhaps more com-
plicated than  that of the male.   Some are inser-
vient to copulation,  as  the vulva,  vagina, Ac,
others to conception and the preservation of the
product for  a determinate time, as the uterus and
its  appendages; whilst others concur in the ali-
mentation of the infant after birth, as the mammas.
  GENITALE, Sperm—g. Caput, Glans.
  GENITALIA, Genital  organs—g. Viri, Pudi-
bilia.
  GENTTO-CRURAL NERVE, Nervus geu'ito-
crura'lis,  Subpu'bial or Inter'nal in'gninal nerrr.
A  branch  of the second  lumbar nerve, which
passes through the psoas muscle, and, approach-
ing the femoral arch, divides into two branches,
—an  internal, scrotal, or gen'ital, nervus spermu-
ticus  seu  puden'dns  exter'nus, and an external or
femoral cutaneous branch,  lumbo-inguinalis.
  GENITO- URINARY,  see Uro-genital.
   GENITOIRES, Genital Organs.
  GENITU'RA.  That which is fecundated or
engendered in the  maternal womb. This word
has been used synonymously with embryo, fata*,
and infant.  Also, the sperm; and the penis.  See
Gone.
  GENIUM, Mentum.
   GENNESIS, Generation.
   GENNETICA, Genital  Organs.
   GENNETICOCNES'MUS,   from  ytmnTinos,
 ' genital,' and Kvnapos, ' itching.'  Itching of the
 genital organs.
   GENNETICON'OSI, Genneticonu'si  from
 ytwririKirs,  ' genital,' and  voous,  ' disease.'  Dis-
 eases of tbe genitals.
   GENNET'ICUS, Genital.
   GEN'OA, CLIMATE OF.  The climate of this
 Italian city and its vicinity has been often selected
 as  favourable for the phthisical valetudinarian
 during the  winter;  but it is now admitted  to bo
 decidedly improper for pulmonary affections, be-
 ing subject to frequent and rapid changes of tem-
 perature, and to  dry cold winds from the north,
 alternately with  warm  moist  winds  from the
 south-east.—Sir James Clark.
   GENONU'SI,  Morbi sex&s, from yevos, 'sex,'
 and vovoos,  ' disease.'  Sexual diseases.
   GENOPLASTIC, Meloplastic.
    GENOS, Sex.
    GENOU, Genu.
    GENOUILLES, (Corps,) Corpora geniculata.
    GENOUILLET, Convallaria polygonatum.
    GENRE, Genus.
    GENSANG, Panax quinquefolium.
    GENTIA, Gentianina.
    GENTIAN, (from Gentius, King of Illyria, who
 used some species  medicinally), Gentiana lutea,
 Triosteum—g. Blue, Gentiana catesbasi—g. Cates-
 bian, Gentiana catesbasi—g. Horse, Triosteum—
 g.  White, Laserpitium latifolium — g. Southern,
 Gentiana catesbasi—g. White, Triosteum—g. Yel-
 low, Gentiana lutea, see Calumba.
    GENTIANA, G. lutea—g. Alba. Laserpitium
 latifolium—g. Amarylloides,  G. quinqueflora—g.
 Cachenlaguen, Chironia  Chilensis — g. Centau-
 rium, Chironia centaurium. 
G E X TIA NE J A UNE         4 21               G E R A NIU M
  Gentiana Catesba?'i; G.Catesbia'na, Bine Gen-
tian, Ph. U. S., Cates'bian  or Southern  Gen'tian,
Bluebells,  Bitterroot.   Ord. Gentianaceas.   It is
a pure and simple bitter,  and the root may be
used wherever that  of  the  Gentiama lutea is
proper.
  Gentia'na Chirayta.  G.Chirayi'ta,Henrice'a
Phariiiacear'cha,  Swer'tia,  Agatho'tes chirayi'ta,
Ofihe'lia  chira'ta,  Chiret'ta,  Chirayi'ta,  Chi-
rtte'ta.  A  native  of India,  which  has  been
much employed  in that country, in dyspepsia,
and as an antiperiodic  in  intermittents.   It is
preferred  by some to sarsaparilla, where the lat-
ter is considered to be indicated,—as after  large
quantities of mercury have been taken, or where
profuse  salivation has been induced.  It has also
been advised in atonic leucorrhoea.  It yields its
virtues to alcohol and water.
   Gentiana Crinita, see G. quinqueflora—g. Ge-
rardi, Chironia centaurium.
   Gkntia'na  Lu'tea.  The systematic name of
the officinal gentian ;  Gentia'na,  G.  major seu
 i-'t'erum seu rubra, Swer'tia lu'tea, Aste'rias lu'-
 tea. Yellow Gentian,  Felwort.   Ord. Gentianeas.
 (F.) Gentiune jaune.   This is a plant common in
 the mountains of Europe.  The root is  almost
 inodorous, extremely bitter, and yields its virtues
 to  ether,  alcohol, and water.   It is tonic and
 stomachic :  and in  large doses, aperient.   Dose,
 gr.  x to  3ij.  It is  most frequently, however,
 used in infusion or tincture.
   Gentian a Major, G. lutea — g. Ochroleuca,
 see G.  saponaria — g. Peruviana, Chironia  Chi-
 lensis.
   Gkntia'na  Quinqueplo'ra. G.  amarylloi'des,
 Five-flowered Gentian ; and Gentia'na Crini'ta,
 Pringed Gentian,  indigenous,  are  possessed of
 like virtues.
   Gentiana Rubra,  G. lutea.
   Gentiana Sapon'ria,  Soapwort  Gentian, and
 G.ochroletlca, Sampson's Snakeroot ; indigenous,
 have the  properties of Gentiana lutea; and are
 said also to be diaphoretic.
   Gentivna Veterum, G. lutea.
   G EAT I AXE JAUXE, Gentiana lutea.
   GEXTIAXI'NA, Gentiauine, Gentiauin,  Gen-
 tin'nitt, Gen'tia.   A supposed neutral substance,
 obtained  from gentian, and, by some, presumed
 to  be its active principle.   It is not so.
   GEXTILITIUS, Hereditary.
   GUXU, Gong, yow, (F.)  Genou.   The articula-
 tion of the leg with the thigh ;—the Femoro-tibial
 or  knee-joint,  the  knee.  It is  the  most compli-
 cated in the body, and is formed by the inferior
 extremity of the  femur,  the superior extremity
 of  the tibia, and  the  rotula.   The  articular sur-
 faces of the bones are covered by layers of carti-
 lage — more or less thick—and by the synovial
 membrane of the articulation.   The soft parts of
 this joint  are,—the Ugamentum patella, two  late-
ral ligaments, distinguished by the names inter-
nal and external ,- a posterior ligament, Ligamerl-
t" in post I c n m  Winslow'ii;  two crucial ligaments,
—the one anterior, and the other posterior; two
interarticular fibro-cartilages;  some  albugineous
fibres, which form an  imperfect capsule, Ac.  The
knee receives  its  arteries from tbe femoral and
popliteal.   They  bear the  name articular.   Its
veins have the same distribution as the arteries,
a.id discharge their blood  into the saphena and
crural.  Its  nerves  are furnished by the sciatic,
popliteal, and  crural.   The joint is protected by
the tendons and muscles which surround it.
  The French  use the term Articulation en genou
for a joint, in which the head of a bone is received
into a bony cavity of another,  where it rolls  and
moves in all directions.
  Genu  Corporis Callosi, see Corpus callosum
—g. Varum, Entogonyancon.
   GENUGRA, Gonagra.
   GENUINUS, Legitimate.
   GENUS, (F.) Genre.  A collection or group of
 species, analogous  to each  other, and which can
 be united  by common characters.   When a spe-
 cies cannot be referred to a known genus, it con-
 stitutes a distinct one.
   Genus Curationis, Ratio medendi.
   GENY,  Genys.
   GEN YANTRAL'GIA, from yews,' the maxilla,'
 avrpov, 'the antrum, and aXyot, 'pain.'  Pain in
 the antrum of Highmore.
   GENYANTRI'TIS, from yews, ' the maxilla,'
 avrpov, 'the antrum,' and itis, denoting inflamma-
 tion.  Inflammation of the antrum of Highmore.
   GENYANTRUM, Antrum of Highmore.
   GEXYOCYNANCHE, Cynanche parotidasa.
   GENYOPLASTY, see Genioplasty.
   GENYS, yews, Genu,  yew, 'the jaw;' also the
 chin.  See Gena.
   GEOFFR^E'A INER'MIS, Geoffra'a, G. race-
 mo'sa seu  Piso'nis seu  Jamaicen'sis, Vouacap'-
 oua America'na, Geoffroy'a, Cabbag"ium, Andlra
 inerm'is seu  racemo'sa,  Cabbage Tree,  Cabbage
 Bark Tree, Worm-bark Tree.   Ord. Leguminosas.
 Sex. Syst.  Diadelphia  Decandria.  The odour of
 the bark is very unpleasant.   It is anthelmintic
 and cathartic.  Dose of the powder, }}j to ^ij.
   Geoffrasa Jamaicensis, G. inermis—g. Piso-
 nis, G. inermis—g. Racemosa, G. inermis.
   Geoffras'a Surinamen'sis, Andlra Surina-
 merlsis,  has similar properties.
   Huttenschmidt has separated their active prin-
 ciples, to which  he has  given  the  names Jamai-
 cine and Surinamine.  They are all alkaline.
   Geoffrjea Vermif'uga, Andira  ibai, Arriba,
 Skolemo'ra Fernambueeu'sis;  a  South American
 plant, has  a  fruit, the almond of which,  called
 angeline, has a reputation  at Rio  Janeiro  as a
 vermifuge.  Dose, a grain  to  fifteen; or it  may
 be given in infusion.
   GEOFFROYA, Geoffrasa inermis —g. Jamai-
 censis, G.  inermis.
   GEOG'RAPHY, MED'ICAL, Geogra'phia
 Med'ica, Nosogeog'raphy, Arosogeograpllia.  The
 description of the surface of the globe as regards
 the influence of situation  on the  health, vital
 functions,  and diseases  of  its  inhabitants, vege-
 table and animal: but  principally on those of
 man.
   GEOPH'AGISM,  Geophaf'ia,   Gaophaf'ia,
 from yn, 'earth,' and 0ayu, 'leaf.'  The act or
 practice of eating earth.  See  Chthonophagia.
   GEORGIA, MINERAL  WATERS OF.   The
 water of Indian  Springs,  in  Butts County, is
 sulphureous.  The Warm- Springs, in Meriwether
 County, have  a temperature of 90° Fahr. 3Iadi-
 son's Springs, in Madison County, are a chaly-
 beate; and  so  are Rowland's Springs,  in Cass
 County.   All  these are frequented by invalids.
   GER^EOLOG'TA,  Gerato/og"ia,  from  yrjpas,
 ynpaTos, 'old age,' and Xoyos, 'a discourse.'   The
 doctrine, or a description, of old age.
   GERAFLOURIS, Dianthus  caryophyllus.
   GER'ANIS, from yepavos, 'a crane,' which it
 resembled.  A bandage, used by the ancients in
 cases of fractured clavicle.  Some authors attri-
 bute it to Hippocrates; others,  to Perigenes.
   GERA'NIUM, same etymon, because its pistil
 is long, like the bill of the crane.  Ord. Gerania-
 ceae.  The Crane's Bill.
   Geranium Caholinianum, see G. Robertianum
 —g. Fcetidum, G. Robertianum—g. Maculatum,
 see Geranium, and G. Moschatum.
   Geranium Moscha'tum, Erod'inm 3Toschatum,
 (F.) Bee de grue musqui.   A European plant,
 esteemed to be excitant and diaphoretic
  Geranium Novfboracense,  G. Maculatum—
g. Purpureum, G. Robertianum. 
GERAS                  4
  Geranium  Robertia'num, G.  fw'tldum  sen
purpii'renin, Stinking Crane's Bill, Herb Robert,
(F.)  Herbe  d  Robert,  Bee  de Grue Robertin.
This plant was, at one time, used as an antispas-
modic and slight stimulant, as well as for an ex-
ternal application in various painful sores  and
inflammations.
  Gera'nium Carolinia'num, has  similar proper-
ties.
  Most  of the species of geranium have been used
as  astringents.   In  some of  the northwestern
parts of  the  United States, the  root of Gera-
liium macnla'tum—Gera'nium,  (Ph. U.  S.) — G.
Xoreboracen'se, Spotted Crane's Bill,  Crowfoot,
Alum root, Tormenfil, Stork, bill—is called Racine
a Beequet, after a person of that name.   It is
highly  extolled by the  Western  Indians  as an
antisyphilitic.
  GERAS, Senectus.
   GEltgURE, Fissure.
  GERM, Germen, Blaste, Blaste'rna, (F.) Germe.
The rudiment of a new being, not yet developed,
or which is still adherent to  the mother.
   Germ Force, Plastic  force.
   GERMANDER,   COMMON,  Teucrium  cha-
 masdrys—g.  Creeping, Teucrium chamasdrys—g.
 Marum, Teucrium marum—g. Small, Teucrium
 chamasdrys—g. Water, Teucrium  scordium.
   GERM AN DREE AQUATIQUE,  Teucrium
 scordium — (/.  3laritime, Teucrium  marum—g.
 Officinale, Teucrium chamasdrys — g. Scorodone,
 Teucrium seordium.
   GERME FAUN,  Conception, false.
   GERMEN,  Germ, Sperm—g. Dentale, Dental
 Pulp—g. Falsum, Mole—g. Spuriura, Conception,
 false.
   GER'MINAL, Ger'minatire,  Germiua'lis, Ger-
 minatlvns,  (F.)  Germinatif;  from  germen,  a
 germ.  Relating or belonging to germ; as "ger-
 minal cell."
   Germinal Cell, see Cytoblast — g. Membrane
 and  Vesicle,  see   Molecule — g.  Nucleus,  see
 Molecule—g. Spot, see Molecule—g. Vesicle, see
 Molecule.
   GERMS, DISSEMINATION OF, Panspermia
 ■—g. Pre-existence of, see Preformation.
   GEROBOS'CIA,  Gerontobos'cia,  from ynpas,
 'old age,'  and  fiotntri,  'food.'  Nourishment or
 maintenance proper for the  aged.
   GEROCOMEUM, Gerocomium.
   GEROCO'MIA,   Gerocom'ice,  Gerontocom'ice,
 from, yepurv, yepovros, 'an aged person,' and xopeiv,
 'to take care  of.'   The  part of medicine whose
 object  is the  preservation of the health of the
 aged :—tbe hygiene of old people.
   GEROCOMICE, Gerocotnia.
   GEROCOMI'UM, Gerocome'um,  Presbyodo-
 chi'urn,  Gerontocomi'urn,  Gerotraphe'um.   Same
 etymon.  An  hospital for the aged.
    GEROFLE, see Eugenia caryophyllata.
   GEROFLEE JAUNE, Cheiranthus cheiri.
   GERONTATROPHIA, Marasmus senilis.
   GERONTOBOSCIA, Geroboscia.
   GERONTOCOMICE,  Gerocomia.
   GERONTOCOMIUM, Gerocomium.
   GERONTO'PIA,  from ytpmv, yepovros, 'an old
 person,'  and wd/, 'the eye'  Weakness of sight
 of the  aged.
   GERONTOTOXON, Gerotoxon.
   GERONTOXOX, Gerotoxon.
   GER0TOX'0XT,   Ge.rontox'on,  Gerontotox'on,
 Leuco'nia Gerontotox'on,3Iac'ula cor'nea arcua'ta,
 Areas  senilis; from ytpiov,  yepovros, 'an old per-
 son,' and to£ov, 'a bow.'  A bow-shaped obscurity
 at the  under  margin of the cornea, common  to
 old people.
   GEROTROPHEUM, Gerocomium.
   GEROTROPHIA, Geroboscia.
GIANT
  GERSA, Plumbi subcarbonas—g. Serpentaria;,
see  Arum maculatum.
  GESIER,  Ventriculus callosus.
  GESTA, 'things done,' from  gerere,  gestuin,
'to  do,'  'carry.'  Acta.  A  Latin  term, intro-
duced by Halle  into medical language, to desig-
nate, among the objects which belong to hygiene,
tbe functions which  consist  in  the  voluntary
movements of muscles and organs.  In the class
Gesta are found  sleep, the waking state, movements
or locomotion, and rest.
  GESTA'TION, Gesta'tio, Phora, from  gesture,
gestatnm, 'to oarry.'  The time during which a
female who has  conceived carries the embryo in
her uterus.  See Pregnancy.  Gestation, likewise,
signifies  the bearing or carrying  of an individual;
a kind  of exercise easier than  that in which he
moves by virtue of his  own powers.  Thus, we
speak of gestation on horseback,  in a carriage, Ac.
  Gestation,  Protract'ed.    Pregnancy  pro-
tracted beyond the usual  period. See Pregnancy.
  GESTICULATION,  Gesticula'tio,  same  ety-
mon.  The  act of  making many  gestures;  a
symptom in disease, which indicates  great ence-
phalic erethism.  It  is  met  with in numerous
affections.
   GETHYL'LIS SPIRA'LIS.  A South African
plant, Nut.  Ord. Amaryllideas, the  orange-cn-
loured fruit of  which bus a peculiar fragrance,
An infusion in  spirit or tincture is used  in flatu-
lence and colic.
   GEUM, G. rivale—g.  Caryophyllatuin, G. ur-
banum— g. Nutans, G. rivale — g. Palustre, G.
rivale.
   Geum Rivale, G. palus'tre seu nutans, Cnryn-
phyllilta, aquat'ica seu nutans, Bencdic'tu sylves'-
tris. Water or Purple avens, Choe'olate root. (F.)
Benoite  aquatique ou des Ruisseaux.  Ord. Rosa-
ceas.   Sex.  Syst.  Icosandria  Polygynia.   The
root of  this  plant—Geum (Ph.  U. S.)—is astrin-
gent.  It has been  much extolled in the cure of
intermittents, diarrhoea, hemorrhage, Ac.
   Geum Urba'num,  G. caryophylla'titni, Carr/o-
phylla'ta, C. vulga'ris seu urbtlna, Caryoirhyl'lui
vulga'ris, Sanamun'da,  Lagophthttlmus, Carijn-
phylla, Janamun'da, Herba benedie'ta,  Common
avens, Herb Bennet,  Yellorc avens, Star of the
North,  Blessed  herb, (F.) Benoite.  The root of
this plant has a smell not unlike that of cloves.
Taste bitterish, austere;  virtues yielded  to water
and alcohol.  It has  been used in intermittents,
dysentery, chronic diarrhoea, debility, Ac. Dose,
gss to ^j of the powder.
   Geum Vernum, Western early avens, has the
same properties as
   Geum Virginia'num, White avens, Avens, Eonn
root, Choe'olate root,  Bennet, Throat root, Cure-
 all, (F.) Benoite de  Virginie,  is  common  from
 Maine  to  Carolina  and  Kentucky, flowering in
June and July.  It has the same medical pro-
perties as Geum rivale.
   GEUMA, Taste.
   GEUSION'OSI, from  yevats,  'taste,' and votroi,
 'disease.'  Geusionu'si.   Diseases of the  organ or
 sense of taste.
   GEUSIS,  Taste.   Rarely,  the root  of the
 tongue—Radix lingua.
   GEUTHMOS, Taste.
   GEZIB, see Pastinaca opoponax.
   GEZIT, Cagot.
   GEZITATN, Cagot.
   GHERKIN,  see Cucumis sativus.
   GHITTA JEMOCO. Cambogia.
   GIALAPPA, Convolvulus Jalapi.
   GIANT, Gigas,  (F.)  Giant.   One much above
 the ordinary stature; of excessive  growth—Ma-
 croso'mia, Macrosomat'ia,  31agnitu'do gigante a,
 (F.) Giantisme. 
GIBBA
423
GLADIOLUS
  GTBBA, Hump.
  GIBBER, Hump.
  GII1BEROS 1TAS, Gibbositas.
  01I1UOSTTAS, Gibberos'itas, Cypho'sis, Rha-
chio-cypho'sis, from  (F.)  Gibbeux,  (L.)  Gibbus,
gibbons, 'something arched or vaulted : prominent.'
(iibbos'ity, Gib'bousness, Curvature of the spi ne, 11y -
bo'ma.  A phenomenon which occurs in different
diseases, particularly in rickets and caries of  the
vertebras.  See Hump.
   Gibbositas Cariosa. Vertebral disease.
   GIIiBOUSNESS, Gibbositas.
   GIBBUS, Hump—g. Pottii. Vertebral disease.
   (ilBI.ETS.   According to  Minsheu. from Gob-
bet, ' a mouthful' [?] ; but, according to Junius,from
(F.) Gibier, 'game.'   The word seems to be tbe
old (F.) Glbelez, Gibelet, Ac,  i.  e. Gibier, (L.) Ci-
bariitin, 'food,' (F.) Abattis.   It means, generally,
the parts  which are cut off from a goose before it
is roasted.  Also, the extremities  of fowls, such
as  the head, wings, feet; to which are sometimes
added the liver, gizzard, Ac.  Soup, made from
 these, is moderately nutritious.
   GIDDINESS, Vertigo.
   GIDDY, Vertiginous.
   GIGANTEUS,' Gigantic.
   GIG.I A'TESQ UE, Gigantic
   GIGAX'TIC, Gigante'us, Giganto'des, (F.)  Gi-
gautesque.  Relating to one  much above the or-
 dinary  stature.
   GIGAXTODES, Gigantic
   GIGARTIXA  IIELMINTHOCHORTON,  Co-
 rallina  Corsicana—g. Lichenoides, Fucus amyla-
 ceus.
   GIGARUS SERPENTARIA, Arum  dracun-
 cnlus.
   (ilGAS, Giant.
   (MLARUM,  Thymus serpyllum.
  . GILEAD, BALM OF, see Amyris opobalsamum.
   GILET DE FORCE, Waistcoat, strait.
   GILL,  Glechoma hederacea.
   Gill-go-by-ground, Glechoma hederacea.
   GILLA THEOPHRASTI, Zinci sulphas —g.
 Vitrioli, Zinci sulphas.
   GILLE'XIA  STIPULA'CEA, Small-flowered
 In'dian Physic has the satne  properties as
   Gille'nia  Trifolia'ta,   Spira'a  trifolia'ta,
 Common Gille'nia, Indian  Physic, Western Drop-
 wort, Indian Hippo, Ip'ecac, Bowman's root, .Mea-
 dow  sireet, Beaumont  root, (F.)  Gillinie.  Ord.
 Rosacea;.   Sex. Syst. Icosandria  Pentagynia.
 The root of this shrub, and of G. stipulacea —
 Gille'nia, (Ph.  U. S.) — which  grows plentifully
in  the  United  States,  is  a safe  and efficacious
emetic, in the dose of about 30  grains.  It  re-
sembles ipecacuanha in its properties.
   GILLEXIE. Gillenia trifoliata.
   GILLIFLOWER, Dianthus caryophyllus.
   GTLLOX, Viscum album.
   GIMBERNAT'S  LIGAMENT.  A  fibrous,
triangular expansion, which is detached from the
posterior and inner part of the crural arch, and is
inserted into the crest of the pubis.  This liga-
ment forms the inner  part of the superior aper-
ture of the crural canal.   It is one of the most
frequent causes of strangulation in crural hernia.
  GIN, Hollands, Gene'va, (F.) Genierre.  This
spirit, which  is distilled from corn and juniper
berries,  or from  some substitute for them,  is
largely  used in Great Britain, and is extremely
detrimental, to the lower classes particularly.   It
possesses the properties of other spirituous liquors,
but is diuretic, and, in popular medicine, is more
used than  other varieties, in cases of colic or intes-
tinal pain of any kind. Schiedam Si-hnappsisnnder-
stood to  he Hollands of good quality.  See Spirit.
  Gin  Diunker's Liver, Liver, nutmeg — g.
Liver, Liver, nutmeg.
  GIXGE3IBRE, Amomum zingiber.
   GINGER, Amomum zingiber.
   Ginger Beer Powder, see Amomum zingiber.
   Ginger, Garden, Capsicum—g. Indian,Asarum
 Canadense—g. Jamaica,  concentrated essence of,
 see Amomum  zingiber — g. Preserved, see Amo-
 mum zingiber—g. Wild,  Asarum Canadense.
   G I N GIB R A ' C H IU M, from gingiva, ' the
 gums,' and bvachium, 'the arm.'   A name given
 to the scurvy, because  the  gums and arms are
 chiefly  affected by it.   It has also been  called
 Gingipe'dium,  because the  lower limbs  are in
 many cases the seat of scorbutic spots.  See Por-
 phyra nautica.
   GINGIPEDIUM,  see  Gingibrachium,  Por-
 phyra nautica.
   GINtJI'V^E, from gignere, 'to beget,' because
 the  teeth are,  as  it were, begotten  in them. [?]
 The  gums, ovXa,  Via, Caruic'ula, (F.) Gencives.
 Tbe  portion of the  mucous membrane  of the
 mouth which  covers the maxillary bones to the
 level of  the  alveolar  arches.   The  gums are
 formed of a red tissue, more or less solid, and of
 a fibro-mucous nature, which adheres strongly to
 the  necks of  the  teeth,  and transmits, between
 the  roots and  their alveoli, a  very thin  expan-
 sion,—the alveolo-dental periosteum.   The gums
 fix the teeth and contribute  greatly to their soli-
 dity.  In the  aged, after  the  loss of the teeth,
 they become fibrous and very  solid, and are in-
 servient to mastication.
   GINGIVA'LIS, Ulet'iats, U'licus; from gin-
 giver, 'the gums.'   Relating to  the gums.
   GIXTG'LYMOID, Ginglymo'i'detts,  Ginglymo'-
 des, from ytyyXvpos, 'a ginglymus  or  hinge,' and
 etSos, 'resemblance.'  Resembling a ginglymus or
 hinge.  An epithet applied  to joints  which re-
 semble a  hinge, as a ginglymoid joint.
   GIN'GLYMUS,  Cardinamerltum,  Cardo,  'a
 hinge.'  (F.) Charniere, Articulation en charniere.
 A species of diarthrodial articulation,  which only
 admits of motion  in two directions, like a hinge,
 —as the knee-joint or elbow-joint.
   GINSENG,  Panax quinquefolium—g. Asiatic,
 Panax Schinseng—g. Blue, Caulophyllum thalic-
 tro'ides—g. Yellow, Caulophyllum thalictro'ides—
 g. Horse, Triosteum—g.  White, Triosteum.
   GIRAFFE,  Den-no.
   Gilt A RD-R 01 'SS1X, Asarum.
   GIRDLE, Cingulum.
   GIRL.   This seems,  formerly,  to  have  been
 an appellation  common  to  both  sexes.  Many
 etymologists deduce the word from the Su. Goth.
 Karl, 'a man.'  It means a young female, (L.)
 Filia. from tptXetv, 'to love.'  (F.) Fille.
   GIROFLE,  see Eugenia caryophyllata.
   GIRO FLEE JAUNE, Cheiranthus cheiri.
   GIROLE, Sium sisarum.
   GIROX, Arum maculatum.
   GIRSLE, Cartilage.
   GISN,  Anhelatio.
   GTSSA, Cynanche parotidaea.
   GIZZARD, Arentriculus  callosus.
   GIZZEN, see Parturition.
   GLABELLA, Mesophryon.
   GLABELLAD,  see Glabellar.
   GLABEL'LAR, from glabella, 'the space be-
 tween the eyebrows.'  An epithet for an aspect
 towards the glabella.—Barclay.  Glabellad is used
 adverbially  by the same writer to signify ' to-
 wards the glabellar aspect.'
   GLABRITIES, Calvities.
   GLACE, Ice.
   GLACIALE, Mesembryanthemum  crystalli-
 num.
  GLACIALIS HUMOR,  Crystalline.
  GLACTES, Ice.
  GLADI'OLUS,diminutive of gladius. 'a sword,'
from the sword-like shape of its leaf.  Machasrion
—g.  Casruleus,  Iris Germanica. 
GLADIUS
424
GLANDULAR
  Gladi'olus  Commu'nis,  G. vulga'ris,  Victo-
ria'lis rot nil dozen femine'a,Cornjlag,(F.)Glayeul.
Onl. Iridias.  The root of this  plant  has been
considered aphrodisiac.  Applied in cataplasms,
it has been extolled against scrofulous tumours.
  Gladiolus Luteus, Iris pseudacorus—g. Vul-
garis, G. communis.
  GLADIUS, Penis.
  GLAMA, Lippitudo, Chassie.
  GLAND, Glan'dula, Gran'diila, (diminutive of
glans, • an acorn, a kernel.')  Aden.  The ancient
anatomists gave this name to a number of organs
of a texture  generally soft, and a shape more or
less globular, but differing greatly in their  nature
and  functions.  They applied it, for  instance, 1.
To those  organs which separate from the blood,
any  fluid  whatever.   When  such  organs were
composed of several  lobules,  united  by common
vessels,  they received  the  name  conglomerate
glands, as the parotid, pancreas, Ac.   2. To  the
reddish and spongy, knot-like bodies, which  are
met with  in  the course of the  lymphatics.  These
tbey  called  conglobate glands; — see Ganglion,
(lymphatic ;) and 3dly and lastly, to various other
organs, whose intimate texture and functions are
still unknown,  as the Pineal  gland,  Pituitary
gland, Glands of Pacchioni, Thyroid gland, Thy-
mus gland, Supra-renal  glands, Ac   Chaussier
restricts the word gland to those softish, granular,
lobated organs, composed of vessels, and a parti-
cular texture, of which  there are in the human
body, the lachrymal, salivary, and mammary, the
testicles, the liver, pancreas, and kidneys.  These
permanent glands, or glands with jrcrmauent ducts,
ure all destined to draw from  the blood the mole-
cules necessary  for  the formation  of new fluids,
and to convey these fluids externally, by means
of one or more excretory ducts.  Several glands,
besides their excretory ducts, have especial reser-
 voirs, in which  the  fluids, secreted by them,  col-
lect,  remain for a greater or  less space of time,
and  undergo  slight  modifications  before being
 evacuated; — such are, the gall-bladder for the
 liver,  tbe urinary bladder for the  kidneys,  Ac.
 Each  gland has  an organization peculiar to it,
 but we know not the intimate nature of the glan-
 dular  texture.—Malpighi believed that the  ves-
 sels terminate in small, solid  masses, to which he
 gave the name—glandular grains or acini.   In
 these, he considered, the excretory ducts originate.
 Ruysch thought that the glands are entirely  vas-
 cular, and that the  excretory ducts are immedi-
 ately continuous with the vasa afferentia, Ac.   The
 best view, perhaps, is, that the exhaling or secre-
 ting vessel is distributed on the-animal membrane,
 which forms the blind extremity of the excretory
 duct, and that  the  secretion  is  effected through
 it by means of  cells.
   The term glande (F.) is sometimes appropriated
 to the tumour formed by inflammation or engorge-
 ment of a lymphatic ganglion.
   GLAND, Glans—g. Accessory, of the Parotid,
 see  Parotid — g.  Anteprostatic,  see  Cowper's
 glands—g. Blood, see Ganglion—g. Globate, Con-
 globate gland — g.  Prostate, Prostate — g. Sali-
 vary, abdominal, Pancreas.
   GLAXDAGE. Adenophyma.
   GLAXDE, Gland —gr. Thyroide,  see Thyroid
 gland—//.  Yitlniire canglomirie, Cowper's glands
 in the female—g. Vulvo-vaginale, Cowper's glands
 i.i the female.
   GLANDERS, Equinia—g. Farcy, see Equinia.
   GLANDES  BROXCHTQUES,   Bronchial
 glands—,/. Cirumineuscs, Ceruminous glands—g.
 Conglobies,  Conglobate  glands—g.  de Cowper,
 Gowper's glands in  the  female—g. de Croissance,
 Waxing  kernels — g.  de Littri, see  Sebaceous
 glands—g. de 3Idbomius, Meibomius, glands  of—
g. de 3Tiry, Cowper's glands in the female—g. d«
Pacchioni, Pacchioni, glands of.
  GLANDIFORM  CORPUSCLE,  Acinus —g.
ganglion, see Ganglion.
  GLANDIUM, Thymus,
  GLANDS, see  Quercus Alba — g. Accessory,
Cowper's glands—g. Aggregate, Peyeri glandula?
—g. Agminated, Peyer's glands—g. Aporic, Gan-
glions, glandiform—g. Blind, Ganglions, glandi-
form—g. of Bartholinus, Cowper's glands in  the
female — g. Brunner's, see Brunner's  glands — g.
Cowper's, see Cowper's glands—g. Diapnogenous,
see Perspiration — g. Ductless, see Ganglion—g.
of Duverney, Cowper's glands in the female—g.
Havers's, Synovial glands—g. Lenticular, Lcntic-
ulares glandulas — g. Lieberkuhn's, Lieberkuhn's
glands,  see  Intestine — g.  Miliary,  Sebaceous
glands—g. of Naboth, Nabothi Glandula>—g.  Oil,
Sebaceous glands — g. of Pacchioni, Glandulaa
Pacchioni—g. Permanent, see Gland—g. Peyer's,
Peyeri glandulas — g. Renal, Capsules, renal — g.
Sebaceous, see Sebaceous glands — g. Solitary,
Brunner's glands—g. Sudoriparous, see Perspira-
tion—g. Sweat, see Perspiration.
  Glands, Tem'porary, Glands  without perma-
nent  orifices.   Glands, that  consist  of a  single
primary vesicle or sacculus, which,  having  ela-
borated  a. secretion  in its interior,  bursts,  dis-
charges  it, and disappears.   The Graafian vesi-
cles and the gland cells afford examples of these.
  Glands of Tyson, Sebaceous glands of Tyson
— g. Vascular, see Ganglion—g.  of Vesalius,
Bronchial glands—g. of Willis, Albicantia corpo-
ra,  Mammillary tubercles.
  GLANDULA, Gland —g.  ad Aures, Parotid—
g. Avicennas,  Encystis — g.  Bartholiniana, Sub-
lingual gland—g. Basilaris,  Pituitary gland — g.
Colli, Tonsil — g.  Innominata Galeni, Lachrymal
gland—g. Lacrymalis, Lachrymal gland—g. Lac-
tifera, Mammary  gland—g. Mucosa, Conglobate
gland — g. Pinealis, Pineal gland —  g. Pituitosa,
Pituitary gland—g. Riviniana, Sublingual  gland
— g.  Salivalis  abdominis,  Pancreas — g. Socia
 Parotidis, see Parotid — g. Thymus,  Thymus—g.
 Thyreoidea, Thyroid gland.
   Glandule Acinosas,see Acinus—g. Agmina.tas,
 Peyeri glandulas—g. Articulares, Synovial glands
 —g. Assistentes, Prostate—g. Brunneri, Brunner's
 glands—g. Cervicis uteri, Nabothi glandulas—g.
 Coronas penis, see Sebaceous  glands—g. Cowper's,
 Cowper's glands — g. Durae  matris, G. Pacchioni
 —g.  Duras meningis, G. Pacchioni—g. in Agmen
 congregatas  intestinorum, Peyeri gbindulas—g.
 Intestina'.es, Peyeri glandulas — g. Lieberkiihni-
 anas, Lieberkuhn's  glands—g. Littrianas, see Se-
 baceous  glands — g.  Meibomianas,  Meibomius,
 glands of—g. Mucosas coagminatas intestinorum,
 Peyeri glandulas — g.  Muciparas racematim  con-
 gests! intestinorum, Peyeri glandulas — g. Myrti-
 formes,  Carunculae myrtiformes — g.  Odoriferas
 glandis,  see  Sebaceous  glands-—g.  Odoriferas
 penis, see Sebaceous glands—g. Odoriferas Tysoni,
 see Sebaceous glands — g. Pacchioni, Pacchioni,
 glands  of—g. Peyerianas, Peyeri glandulas — g.
 Plexiformes, Peyeri G.—g. Prostatas  mulierum,
 see Corpus glandulosum mulierum—g. Sebaceas
 ciliares, Meibomius, glands  of—g. Sebaceae gbm-
 dis, see Sebaceous glands—g. Solitarias, Brunner's
 glands — g. Spuriae, Peyeri glandulas, Ganglions,
 glandiform—g. Sudoriferas.  see Perspiration—g.
 Suprarenales,  Capsules, renal — g. Tubulosae, see
 Tubular—g. Tysoni, Sebaceous  glands of Tyson
 — g. Uterinas, Utricular glands — g. Utriculares,
 Utricular Glands — g. Vaseulosas, Conglomerate
 glands—g. Vesalianas, Bronchial glands.
   GLAXDULATRE, Glandular.
   GLAND'ULAR,  Glandula'ris,   Glandulo'sill,
 (F.)  Glandulaire, Glanduleux.   Having the ap- 
GLANDULE
4 2 5
GLOBULE
pcarnnee. form, or texture of Glands ; as a glan-
dular body, a glandular texture, Ac.
  Glandular  Substance  of  the Kidney, see
Kidney.
  GLANDULE  OF  MALPIGHI, see  Corpora
Malpighiana.
  G L A \l> IL EUX, Glandular.
  GEAXDULO'SO-CARNEUS.   Ruysch gives
this epithet to fleshy excrescences which he found
in the bladder.
  GLANDULOSUS, Glandular.
  GLANS, genitive glandis, ('an acorn.') Bala-
ntis. Cyt'taros,  Cuspis. Caput, C. Penis, Genita'le
caput, (F.)  Uland.  The  extremity of the penis
and of the clitoris.  The glans penis is of a coni-
cal, slightly flattened  shape.  It is  continuous
ivith the urethra, which opens  at  its ajrex ;  and
is circumscribed  by a projecting edge, called the
 Coro'na glandis,  behind  which is a  depression.
 Collum seu Sulcus retroglandula'ris. It is covered
by a thin  mucous membrane, is furnished, at its
base,  with  sebaceous follicles, called glan'dula
intorifera  Tyso'ni,  tbe  secretion from which  is
termed Smegma prcpit'tii,- and can, almost always,
 be  covered by the reflection of the  skin, called the
 prepuce.  Lastly, it is formed of a spongy texture,
 susceptible of being thrown into erection.
   IIi.ans, Bronchocele, Pessary, Suppository.
   Glans  Clitor'idis is  smaller.  It is imper-
 forate, and  likewise covered with a  sort of  pre-
 puce formed by  the  mucous membrane of the
 vulva.
   (ii.axs Jovis Theophrasti, Fagus castanea—
 g.  Uln;e, Olecranon—g. Unguentaria, Guilandina
 moringa, Mvrobalanus.
   GLAREA. Gravel.
   GLASS,  Vitrum.
   GLAUBER'S  SALTS, Soda, sulphate of.
   GLAUCEDO,  Glaucoma.
   GLAUCO'MA.  from  yXavsos,  'sea-green.'
 niaitco'sis.  Glance'do, Catarac'ta glauca. Oc.'nliis
 ca'sius, Ca'sius,  Phtharma glanco'ma,  Parop'sis
 ijlauca'sis,  Apoglauco'sis.   Amongst the older
 pathologists, this word was used synonymously
 with  cataract.    It is now  ordinarily applied  to
 opacity of the  vitreous humour or of the tunica
 hyaloidea,  which manifests itself by a grayish,
 or greenish spot, apparent through the pupil.
 The diagnosis  is  generally difficult; and  the dis-
 ease is almost always incurable.
   Glaucoma Woulhousi, Cataract.
   GLAUCOSIS. Glaucoma.
   GLA YELL,  Gladiolus  vulgaris—g. Puant,
 Iris foetidissima.
   GLECIIO'MA  HEDERA'CEA.  G.  hirsu'ta,
 A'ep'eta  gleeho'ma,  Hedcr'ula,  Charnacle'ma,  C.
 heilcra'ceu, Calamin'tha  hedera'cea, Calamirlta
 hurnilior, Chamads'sus.  Hcd'era terres'tris. A"cp'-
 etu gleeho'ma,  Panace'a  pec'toris,  Ground-ivy,
 dill, Gill-i/o-by-grouud, Alehoof, Robin runaway,
 (F.)  Lierre tcrrestre,  Terrrtte,  Rondote, Herbe
 Sttint-.lean.  This  plant — Ord. Labiatas — has a
 strong smell, and a bitterish, somewhat aromatic,
 taste. It  has  been considered expectorant  and
 tonic.
   GLECHOMA  HIRSUTA, G. hederacea.
   GI.EOHOX. Mentha pulegium.
   GLECHONI'TIS.   Wine,  impregnated  with
 the Glechon, yXn^orv, mentha pulegium or penny-
 royal.
   OLE RING.  Strabismus.
   GLEET, see Gonorrhoea.
   GLEME, Chassie, Lippitudo.
   GLEXE, yXnvrj.  Tbe pupil.  The anterior part
 of  the eye.  The eyeball.   Tho eye.   According
 t"  some,  the   crystalline  lens.  Also,  a glenoid
 cavity.
   GLENGORE. Svphilis.
   ULENGOUR, Syphilis.
   OLENITIS, Phacitis.
   GLENN'S  SPRINGS, see  South  Carolina,
Mineral waters of.
   GLENOID, Glene.
   Gle'.N'OID, Glenoid'al, Glenoida'lis, Glenot'des,
G/eno'des,  Glenoi'dais, from  yXr/vv, and etios, 're-
semblance.'  (F.)  Glinoide,  Glinoidale,  Glinoi-
dierr. Any shallow, articular cavity,  yXnvn, glene,
which receives the head of a bone; such as, 1.
The glenoid, cavity  or fossa of the scapula, Fossa
glcno'iilea, Omocot'yle, Acetab'ulum hu'meri, Cav'i-
tas  hu'meri glenoides, Entypo'sis, is situate  at
the  anterior angle  of  the scapula;  and is  arti-
culated with the head of the  humerus.  2.  The
glenoid cavity or fossa of the temporal bone.  It
is seated between the two roots of the zygomatic
process, and receives  the condyle of the lower
jaw.
   Glenoid Lig'ament, (F.) Ligament Glino'idien,
is a fibro-cartilaginous ring or  bourrelet, which
seems formed by the expansion of the tendon  of
the long head of the biceps brnchialis, and  sur-
rounds the  glenoid cavity  of  the  scapula, the
depth of which  it increases.
   GLENOTDALF, Glenoid.
   GLEYED, see Strabismus.
   GLIADIXE, Ilasmatin.
   GLISCHRAS'MA,  Glis'ehrotes, from yXta^pat-
vw, (yXia, 'glue,')  'I become glutinous.'  Lentor,
viscidity. — Hippocrates.
   GLISCHROCH'OLUS, from yXioXi>os,  'viscid,'
and x°^'l,  'bile.'  An epithet for excrement which
is glutinous and bilious.
   GLISCHROTES, Glischrasma.
   GLISOMARGU, Creta.
   GL1SSEMEXT  DU LAMBEAU, see Flap.
   GLISTER, Clyster.
   GLOBE, Bandage  (head)—g. of the Eye, see
Eye—g. Flower, Cephalanthus occidentalis, Trol-
lius laxus.
   GLOBULATRE PURGATIVE,   Globularia
alypum.
   GLOBULA'RIA AL'YPUM,  Globula'ria,
31i,ntpellier Turbith,  (F.) Globulnire purgative,
 Turbith  blanc.   Ord. Globularias.   The leaves
of this plant are  bitter,  and have been  used  in
intermittents and in constipation.  See Alypon.
   GLOB'ULE, Glob'ulus, Spha'rion,  Spha'rula.
A small globe.
   Globules  of  the Blood,  Blood globules,
 Bloiul-corpuscles,    Blood-disks,   Blood-vesicles,
 G/ob'uli seu Vesic'ula sen Spha'rula seu  Follic'-
uli sen Corpus'cula  sen Cell ula seu Partic'u/a seu
 Gran'ula san'guinis, (F.) Globules  du sang,  Dis-
ques sanguins, are small, circular  bodies, which
are particularly observable when the transparent
parts of cold-blooded animals are examined  by
the  aid of the  microscope;  and  are  met  with  in
the  blood  of all animals.  They are  circular  in
 the  mammalia, and elliptical in birds and cold-
blooded animals ;   are flat  in  all animals,  and
generally composed of a central  nucleus enclosed
in a membranous  sac.  Chemically,  they consist
of hasmatin and globulin—hainato-globit/in.  The
 chemical  composition  of the nucleus, where it
exists.—it  does not in man,—has been by some
regarded as fibrin ; by  others,  as fat;  anil  by
i others, again, as a species of horn, to which the
name nuclein has been given.
            Size of the Globules.

 Sir  E. Home and  Bauer, with ) 1.1700th part of
   colouring matter............... J     an inch.
 Eller..................................   1-1930
 Sir  E. Home and Bauer, with- ) j 2000
!   out colouring matter..........j
' Muller.............................   1.2300 to 1.3500
i Mandl................................   1-2025 to 1.3150 
GLOBULE  D'ARANTIUS     426        GLOSSO- EPIGLOTTIC
Hodgkin, Lister, and Rudolphi,  1.3000
Sprengel,..............................  1.3000 to 1.3500
Cavallo.................................  1.3000 to 1.4000
Donne.................................  1.3150 to 1.3280
Jurin and Gulliver..................  1.3240
Blumenbach and Senae............  1.3330
Tabor..................................  1.3600
Milne Edwards......................  1.3900
Wagner................................  1.4000
Kater...................................  1.4000 to 1.6000
Prevost and Dumas................. 1.4056
Haller, Wollaston, and Weber...  1.5000
Young.................................  1.6060
   Besides  these, the  blood  contains  vhite glo-
 bules, (F.)  Globules Maries, Leucocytes,  which are
 probably lymph and chyle corpuscles  in process
 of development into red corpuscles.
   Dried blood globules of the ox have been given
 internally in cases of anaemia.
   GLOBULE  D'ARANTIUS, see Sigmoid
 valves—g.  du Sang.  Globule of the blood.
   GLOBULES  BLANCS, see Globules of the
 blood—g. Ganglion, see Neurine —g.  Chyle, see
 Chyle—g.  Lymph, see  Lymph — g.  Milk, see
 Milk — g. Mucous,  see Mucus — g. Pus, see Pus
 —g. Pyoid, see Pus.
   GLOBULI ARTERIARUM  TERMINI,  see
 Acinus — g.  Mammillares, see Mammillary emi-
 nence—g. Sanguinis,  Globules of  the  blood — g.
 Tartari martiales, Ferrum tartarizatum—g. Tar-
 trates ferri  et lixivias, Ferrum tartarizatum.
   GLOB'ULIN,  Glob'uline, Blood clsein.  The
 colourless  substance that remains after the ab-
 straction of  the  colouring matter of the blood-
 corpuscle.   It is  a peculiar albuminous principle.
 The globulin of  Berzelius consists of the  enve-
 lopes of the blood  globules,  and  of the part  of
 their contents  that remains after  the  extraction
 of the  has matin.  Lecanu regards it  as  identi-
 cal with albumen ; and, according to  Mulder, it
 belongs to the combinations of protein.  Robin
 and Verdeil consider it to  be albnmiriose.
   The  term globulin  is  likewise  given by M.
 Donne to small granulations appertaining to  the
 chyle, which are  observable in the blood with the
 microscope.  They are small, white, roundish, iso-
 lated or irregularly-agglomerated grains; of about
 the 1-300 of a millimetre in diameter, and are re-
 garded  by  M. Donne as the first elements of the
 blood globules.  They are the white granulated
 corpuscles of Mandl.
   GLOBULISM, Homoeopathy.
   GLOBULUS ARANTII, see  Sigmoid  valves
 — g. Nasi, see  Nasus — g. Sanguineus, Punctum
 saliens—g. Stapedius Ossis, Os orbieulare.
   GLOBUS  HYSTERICUS, Angone—g. Major,
 see Epididymis — g. Minor, see  Epididymis — g.
 Martialis, Ferrum tartarizatum.
   Globus Uteri'nus.   A term applied by accou-
 cheurs to the round tumour, formed by  the uterus
 in the lower part of  the abdomen immediately
 after delivery.
   GLOMERATE, Conglomerate.
   GLOM'ERULE, Glomerulus; from glomus, 'a
 clew of thread.'  A  ball  or clew,  formed by an
 agglomeration of vessels ;  as Glomerule of Malpi-
 ghi; see Corpora Malpighiana.
  GLOMERULI RENALES,  Corpora Malpi-
 ghiana.
  GLOSSA, Glotta, 'the tongue.'  The power of
 speech.   Speech.   Hence:
  GLOSS AGRA, Glossalgia.
  GLOSSAL'GIA, Gloss'agra, Glottalgia, Glotl-
agra, from yXoraaa, ' the tongue,' and aXyos, ' pain.'
Pain in  the tongue.
  GLOSSANIS'CHUM, Glossanoch'eus, Glossan'-
ochum,  from yXuraaa, 'tongue,'  nnd  avcjfttv, 'to
hold  up.'   An  instrument  for  holding up  the
tongue.
   GLOSSANOCIIEUS, Glossanischum.
   GLOSSANOCHUM, Glossanischum.
   GLOSS'ANTHRAX, Testis gloss1 anthrax, (F.)
Boussole, from yXaraaa, ' the tongue,' and m.?p«(,
'a carbuncle.'   Carbuncle of the Tongue.  A ili.-.-
ease more common in cattle than in mail.
   GLOSSEPIGLUT'TIC, Glossepiglolticus.  Re-
lating to the tongue and epiglottis, as Ligunicn'-
turn glossepiijlotlicum.
   GLOSSIANUS, Lingual muscle.
   GLOSSI'TIS,  from yXwaca, 'the tongue,' nnd
itis, a suffix denoting inflammation.  Gloss,,n'cu*
infiammato'rius, Angi'na Ungita'ria sen lingua'.
lis, Injlumma'tio Lingua, Inflammation  of the
tongue,  (F.) Infiammation de la Langne.  When
confined to the mucous membrane, it is of slight
importance.  That which affects the whole of the
tongue is a serious disease, and requires the vigo-
rous use of  antiphlogistics.   It is rare.
   GLOSSO, from yXwaaa, ' the tongue'  In com-
position, relating or appertaining to the tongue.
   GLOSSOC'ACE, from glosso, and sasos, 'evil.'
Ulceration  of the tongue, with symptoms of ady-
namic fever.
   GLOSSOCARCINO'MA, Glossoseir'rlnis, Cur-
cino'ma  Lingua,  from  glosso,  and   Kajistvurpa,
'cancer.'  Cancer of the tongue.
   GLOSSOCAT'OCHUS,   Glossocaloche,  Cat„-
glos'sum, from yA<i)<r<ra, ' the tongue,' and Kart\n>\
'I arrest.'   Lingua  Detcn'tor, (F.) Abaisseur tie
la langne.  An instrument, the invention of which
is  attributed to Paulus of iEgina, and which was
employed to depress the tongue, in order to exa-
mine  diseases of the fauces.  It was  composed
of two'branches; one of which had, at its  extre-
mity, a  plate for depressing  the tongue; whilst
the other, shaped like a horse-shoe, was applied
under the chin.  The finger, or  the handle of a
spoon, or a  spatula,  is generally used in similar
cases.   See  Catagoglossum.
   GLOSSOCE'LE, from ejlosso,  and Kt/Xn,  'her-
nia,'  ' tumour.'   Hernia of  the  Tongue, Para-
glos'se, Prolap'sns lingua,  Glossomegis'tus,  Gb,s-
sopto'sis.  Projection of tbe tongue   from  the
mouth.   It depends, generally, on  an  inflamma-
tory  swelling of the  organ.  At times, however,
a  chronic glossocele, or sort  of osdematous en-
gorgement,  is  met with; which  proceeds  to a
great length, and deforms the dental arches, the
lips,  Ac  Inflammatory glossocele must be com-
bated  by  antiphlogistics.   In  the  osdematous
kind, such  as  is sometimes caused by excessive
salivation,  the infiltrated fluid may be pressed
back by the hand of the practitioner, to get the
tongue  behind the teeth ;  and it may be kept
there by a  piece of gauze  tied over the mouth.
The  chronic, elongated kind  sometimes requires
amputation of a portion of  the organ.
   GLOSSOCOMA, Glossospasmus.
   GLOSSOC'OMON,  Glossoc'omum, Glossocnmi'-
on, from glosso, and  noptw,  'to guard.'   The an-
cients gave this name to a small  case for holding
the tongues of their  wind-instruments. By ex-
tension,  it  was applied to  the  box or cradle in
which fractured limbs were  kept.  We find, in
the ancient writers, a Glossocomon of Hippocrates,
of Nymphodorus, Galen, Ac.
   GLOSSODESMUS, Frasnum linguae.
   GLOSSO-EPIGLOT'TIC.  Glosso-epiglotl'ieus.
That  which  belongs to the tongue and epiglottis.
Some anatomists  have so denominated certain
fleshy fibres, which  pass  from the base of the
tongue  towards the  epiglottis.   These muscles
are more evident in some of the  mammalia than
in  man;  and their use seems  to be,—to raise the 
GLOSSOGRAPITY
427
GLUT.EUS  MAGNUS
epiglottis, and to remove it farther from tbe glot- ]
tis.  Santorini, who described  them after Eusta-
chius, calls them llctracto'res Epigloltidis.
   Gi.osso-Epiglot'tic  Ligament, Frannm seu
Fra'nnlum epigloltidis, Liqaiiien'tiim membrana'-
catm, Velamen'tum lingua.  Three folds of mucous
membrane, which connect the anterior surface of
the epiglottis with the root of the  tongue.
   GLOSSOG'RAPHY, Glossogra'phia, from glos-
so, and  ypatpn,  ' a description.'  An anatomical
description of the tongue.
   GLOSSO-HYAL.  A name given, by Geoffroy
Saint-llilaire, to the posterior cornua  of  the os
hyoides.
   GLOSSOL'OGY, Glossal,,fi'ia, from glosso, and
Xoyos,  'a treatise,' 'a discourse.'   A treatise, on
the tongue.  Nomenclature.
   GLOSSOL'YSIS, G/ossople'gia,  Paralysis lin-
gua,  P.  Nervi  hypoglossi, from glosso, and Xvats,
'solution.'  Paralysis  of the tongue.
   GLOSSOMANTI'A, Progno'sis  ex lirrgnd, from
glosso, and pavrcta, ' divination.'   Prognosis from
 the state of the tongue.
   GLOSSOMEGISTUS,  Glossocele,  Paraglossa.
   GLOSSON'CUS, from  glosso,  and oyxos, 'tu-
 mour.'  Exonco'sis  lingua.   Swelling  of  the
 tongue.
   Glossoncus Inflammatorius, Glossitis.
   GEOSSO-PALATINUS. Glosso-staphylinus—
 g. Pharyngeal,  Glosso-pharyngeus,  Pharyngo-
 glossal—g. p. Nerve, Pharyngo-glossal nerve.
   GLOSSO - PHARYXGE'US,  Glosso-pharyn-
 geal,  from glosso, and ijrapvy^, ' the pharynx.' Be-
 longing to the tongue and pharynx.  Some anato-
 mists  thus designate certain fleshy bundles, which
 arise  from the  lateral parts of the  base  of  the
 tongue,  and are inserted into the  parietes of the
 pharynx.  They form part of the constrictor pha-
 ryngis superior.
   GLOSSOPLEGIA,  Glossolysis.
   GLOSSOPTOSIS.  Glossocele.
   GL0SS0SCIRRHU3, Glossocarcinoma.
   GLOSSOSCOPTA,  from glosso, and  ckovzw, 'I
 view.'   Inspection of the tongue  as an index of
 disease.
   GLOSSOSPAS'MUS, Glossoco'ma, Spasmus
 lin'gna, from glosso, and azaapos, ' spasm.'  Cramp
 or spasm of the tongue.
   GLOSSOSPA'THA, Spat'ula pro  ore, from
 glosso, and arradn, 'spatula.'   A spatula for press-
 ing down the tongue  to enable the fauces to be
 examined.
   GLOSSO-STAPnYLI'XUS, from glosso, and
 ot.i^uAij, ' the uvula.'   Glossopalati'nus, Pala'to-
 glossus,  Constric'tor  hthrni Puu'cium.   A  small,
 thin, narrow, and long muscle, which arises from
 the base of the tongue, and  is inserted at the in-
 ferior and lateral part of the velum palati, in the
 anterior pillar of which it is situate.   Its use is
 to contract the isthmus  faucium,  by depressing
 the velum  palati, and  raising the  base  of  the
 tongue.
   GLOSSOSTERE'SIS, Lingua extirpa'tio, from
 glosso, and artpnats, 'privation.'  Extirpation of
 the tongue.
   GLOSSOSTROPH'IA, from glosso, and  orpetpur,
 ' I turn.'  Doubling of the  point  of the  tongue
 upwards and backwards,—said to have  been  a
 mode of suicide. [?]
   GLOSSOT'OMY, Glossotom'ia, from  glosso, and
 rcpvrtv, ' to cut.'  Dissection of the tongue.  Am-
 putation of the tongue.
   GLOSSYPERTROPIITA,  from  glosso, and
 'wtp,  ' over,'  and r,i£tft.v, ' to nourish.'  Hyper-
 tronhv or supernutrition of the tongue.
   GLOTTA. Glossa.  Tongue.
   GLOTTAGRA. Glossalgia.
   GLOTTALGIA, Glossalgia.
  GLOTTIS,  yXurms, (' the  mouth-piece  of  a
flute,') Lig'ula. A small oblong aperture, in the la-
rynx, comprised between  the chorda vocales.  It is
narrow, anteriorly ; wider, posteriorly; and is ca-
pable of being modified by muscular contraction,
as may be required by  the voice.   It is by the
chordae  vocales,  that voice  is produced.  The
glottis is nearly an inch  long  in the adult male:
less in the female  and child.
  Glottis is,  by some, used  synonymously  with
ventricle  of the larynx: with others, it includes
the whole of the larynx.
  Glottis, Lips of the, Thyreo-arytenoid  liga-
ments—g. Spasm  of the, Asthma thymicum.
  GLOUGLOU D'UNE BOUTEILLE, Gurg-
ling.
  GL 0 UTERON, Arctium Lappa— g. Petit,Xan-
thium.
  GLOUTIUS, Gluteal—g. Maximus et  extimus,
Glutasus maximus —g. Secundus et uiedius, Giu-
tasus  medius—g. Tertius et intimus, Glutasus mi-
nimus.
  GLOUTON, Glutton.
  GLOWWORM, Cicindela.
  GLUANT, Glutinous.
  GLUCOGENIA, Glycogeny.
  GLUCOGENESIS, Glycogeny.
  GLUCOSE, Glycose,   from  yXvnvs,  'sweet.'
Grape,  Fruit, Starch,  and  Honey sugar.   A
variety of sugar,  that occurs naturally  in many
vegetable juices, and in  honey.  Compared with
cane  sugar, it is much less soluble  in water, and
less  disposed to crystallize;  and, when injected
into  the blood-vessels, does  not pass off to tbe
like extent by the kidneys.   Diabetic, U'rinary,
and Hepatic sugar appear to have the  same che-
mical composition.
  GLUCOSURIA, Diabetes mellitus.
  GLUE BONE,  Osteocolla.
  GLUE FISH, Ichthyocolla.
  GLUMPOT, Gallipot.
  GLUT-EUS MAGNUS, G. major —g. Major,
G. maximus.
  Gluteus  Max'imus, G.  major  seu magnus,
3laximus et ex'timus glou'tius, (F.)  3Insc/e grand
fessier, Ilio-sacro-firnoral; Sacro-firnoral, (Ch.),
from  yXovros, 'the buttock,'  'the breech.'  This
muscle  is situate at  the  posterior part of the
pelvis, and at the  upper  and posterior part of the
thigh.  It is large, thick, and quadrilateral; and
is attached,  above, to the posterior part of tbe
crista ilii, to the part of  the ilium comprised be-
tween the crista and the upper curved line, to tbe
posterior surface of the sacrum, coccyx, and  great
sacro-seiatic ligament; and  below,  it  terminates
by  a broad aponeurosis, which  is inserted into
the rugged surface that descends  from the tro-
chanter major to  the linea aspera  of the femur.
This  muscle extends the thigh on the pelvis, and
rotates the thigh  outwards.  It is  greatly con-
cerned in station and progression.
  Gluteus Me'dius, Glou'tius Secun'dus et 3li-
dius, (F.) Ilio-trochantirien :  Grand Ilio-trochan-
tirien, (Ch.,)  Moyen Fessier.  This  muscle  is  si-
tuate in part  beneath the preceding; it  is broad,
very  thick, radiated,  and triangular ;   attached,
above,  to the crista ilii, and  to  the part of the
outer surface  of that bone comprised between tbe
three anterior fourths  of  its crista,  its upper
curved line, and its lower ; and below, it ends  by
a tendon, inserted at the upper edge of  the great
trochanter.   It is an abductor of the thigh; but
can turn the thigh outward?  or inwards, accord-
ing as its posterior or inferior fibres are thrown
separately into contraction.
  Glut.f.'us  Min'imus,  G.  minor, Ter'tius  et
In'timus  Glou'tius,  (F.)  Petit  Fessier;—Ilio-
ischii-trochantirien, Petit Ilio-trochantirien  \Qh.) 
GLUTEAL
42
8              GNATIIITIS
This muscle, which is situate beneath the preced-
ing, is flat, triangular, and  with  radiated fibres.
It is  attached, above, to  the external surface  of
the os ilii, from the  inferior curved line to the
acetabulum ; and,  below, is inserted into the an-
terior part of the  great  trochanter.  It has the
same  uses as the preceding.
  Glut.ims Minor, G. minimus.
  GLU'TEAL, Glou'tius, Gluta'us.  Same ety-
mon.   (F.)  Fessier.   That which belongs or re-
lates to the nates.   This name has been given to
many parts  which  compose the nates.
  Gluteal  Aponeuho'sis.  The  upper and back
part of the femoral fascia.   In  it  is a remarkable
opening, called the gluteal  arch, for the passage
of the gluteal vessels and nerves.
  Gluteal  Arch, see Gluteal aponeurosis.
  Gluteal   Artery, Poste'rior  Iliac Artery,
(F.) Artere fessiere, is one of the largest branches.
of the hypogastric.  It makes  its exit from the
pelvis at the upper  part of the  superior sciatic
foramen ;  gains the  posterior part of the pelvis,
and divides  into two branches; — the  one super-
ficial, the other deep-seated.  The last subdivides
into three secondary branches, whose ramifica-
tions  are distributed particularly to the Gltttai,
Longissimus Dorsi, Sacro-lumbalis, Ac, and anas-
tomose with  the sciatic  and internal circumflex
arteries.
  Gluteal  Nerve,  (F.) Nerf  Fessier, is a large
branch, furnished  by the  5th pair  of lumbar
nerves.  It  is chiefly distributed to the glutasi
muscles.
  Gluteal Vein,  (F.) Veine. fessiere, follows the
same march as the artery of the same name.
  GLUTEN,  Glu'tinum, Lentor, 'glue,  paste.'
 Veg"etablc  Gluten, Veg"etable  Ca'sein.  An im-
mediate principle  of vegetables.   It is soft, of a
grayish white, viscid consistence, and very elastic.
Exposed to the air, it becomes hard, brown, and
fragile; and, in moist air, putrefies.  Water and
alcohol do not dissolve it.  It is  soluble in vege-
table, and in weak mineral, acids, at a high tem-
perature.   The farinas, in which  it is  found, are
those preferred for the preparation  of  bread;  on
account of  the property it has  of making the
paste rise.   It is a  compound of protein, and
hence has been ranged  amongst the "protei'no-
cuous alimentary principles" by Dr. Pereira.  By
washing wheaten  dough with  a stream of water,
tbe  gum, sugar,  starch  and vegetable albumen
are removed: the  ductile, tenacious, elastic, gray
mass left is  the gluten, common gluten,  Beccaria's
gluten.  Pure gluten is the soluble  portion  on
boiling common gluten  in  alcohol.   Granulated
gluten, Gluten granule, is a paste  made by adding
wheat gluten to ordinary  wheat.  It is said to
form  an agreeable and nutritious  aliment.
   Gluten Articulorum, Synovia—g. Beccaria's,
see  Gluten  — g. Bread, see Bread, gluten—g.
Common, see Gluten—g. Granulated, see Gluten
—g.  Granule, see  Gluten—g. Pure, see Gluten.
   GLUTI,  Nates.
   GLUTIA, Nates,  Quadrigemina corpora.
   GLUTIN, see Gelatin.
   GLUTINANS,  Agglutinant.
   GLUTINATIF, Agglutinant.
   GLUTINATIO, Agglutination.
   GLUTIXEUX, Glutinous.
   GLU'TINOUS,  Glutiiio'eus,  Collo'des,  from
gluten, 'paste, glue.'   (F.) Glutineux, Ghtant.
An epithet given to substances  taken from the
animal or vegetable kingdom,  and endowed with
unusual viscidity.   The decoctions  of marsh-
mallows, and figs, and the jelly of hartshorn, are
said to be glutinous.
   GLUTINUM, Gluten.
   GLUTI'TIS, from yXovrot, 'the nates,'  and
itis, denoting inflammation.   Inflammation of the
nates.
  GLUTOT, Nates.
  GLUTOPYO'SIS, from yXovrot, ' the nates,'and
motets, ' suppuration.'  Suppuration of the nates.
  GLUTTON, same etymon  as  the next.  Gas-
trimar'gits, Gnathon,  Helluo, 3lundo, Gulo'sus,
Lurco, Bellygod, (F.) Glouton, Gourmand, Gordon.
An excessive eater.
  GLUT'TONY, from glutio,  'I swallow,'glnttns,
'the gullet.'   Limo'nis Helluo'num, Gastris'mus,
(F.)  Gourmandise.   Excessive  appetite,  owing
often to habitual indulgence.
  GLUTTUPATENS, Stomach.
  GLUTTUS, CEsophagus.
  GLUTUS,  Trochanter major.
  GLYCANSIS, Edulcoration.
  GLYCAS'MA, from yXvuvs, 'sweet.'  A sweet
wine, prepared from must.—Linden.
  GLYCERATON, Glycyrrhiza.
  GLYCERIN,  see Fat —g. Butyrate  of, seo
Butter.
  GLYCIPICROS, Solanum  dulcamara.
  GLYCISIDE, Pasonia.
  GLYCOG"ENY,  Glycogen'ia,  Glycogen'esis,
Glucogen'ia,  Glucogen'esis, (F.) G/ycoginie, from
yXvKvs, 'sweet,' and yeveais, 'generation.'  Gene-
ration  or formation of sugar, — as in the liver.
  GLYCOSE, Glucose.
  GLYCYPHYTON, Glycyrrhiza.
  GLYCYRRHI'ZA, from yXvws, 'sweet,' and
ptt,a, 'a root.'  G.  Glabra seu Lavis, Liqnoril'ia
Seyth'ica,  G/ycera'ton,   Glycyph'yton,  Adip'sos,
Alcacas,  Alimos, Liq'norice, Lic'orice, (F.) Ite-
u/isse, Bois doux.  Ord. Leguminosa'.   Sex. Syst.
DiadelphiaDecandria.  The root  of this southern
European plant is inodorous; has a sweet taste;
is mucilaginous; and  leaves, when unpoeled, a
degree of bitterness in the mouth.  It is used as
a demulcent, and chiefly  in catarrh. The extract,
made from it and  sold  in  the shops, is known
under  the  name Spanish Liquorice or Liquorice
Juice,  (F.) Jus de Riglisse.
  Pectoral Balsam of Liquorice—a quack prepa-
ration — is said by Dr. Paris  to consist chiefly of
Paregoric Elixir, strongly impregnated with Oil
of A n iseed.
  GLYCYRRH03'A, from yXvxvs, 'sweet,' and
peor,  ' I flow.'  A  discharge  of  saccharine fluid
from the system.
  Glycyrriicea Urinosa, Diabetes mellitus.
  GLYSTER HERBS, Herba  pro   Enem'ate.
The herbs ordinarily sold by  the English apothe-
cary under this title, are: — mallow  leaves, one
part; chamomile flowers, one part,  (^iss  to Oj
of water).
  GNAMPSIS,  Curvature.
  GNAPHALIUM DIOICUM, Antennaria dioi-
ca—g. Plantaginifolium seu Plantagineum, Anten-
naria plantaginifolia.
  Gnaphalium  Margarita'ceitm, Aufcnna'ria
3fitrgarita'cea, Cudweed, Pearly Life  everlasting,
from  yvattraXov,  ' a lock  of wool,' owing to the
floccose down of the leaves.  An indigenous plant,
growing in woods and fields, and flowering in Au-
gust.  Its virtues are  not  defined, and the same
may be said of
  Gnaphalium  Polyceph'alum ;  Sweet-scented
Life  everlasting,  Cutfoot.    They appear  to be
mild astringents.
  GNATHALGIA, Neuralgia maxillaris.
  GNATHANCYLO'SIS, from yvados, 'thejaw,'
and ayxoXurats, 'stiffness of joint.'  Ancylosis of
the lower jaw.
  GNATHANTROPOL'YPUS,   from  gnathan-
trum,  'the antrum  of Highmore,' and polypus.
Polypus of the antrum of Highmore.
  GNATHI'TIS, Injlamma'tio gena, from yvados, 
GNATIIMUS              429                    GOLD
'the cheek, the jaw.'  Inflammation of the cheek
or upper jaw.
  GNATHMUS. Gnathus.
  GXATHOCEPH'ALUS, from yvados, 'the jaw,'
and ntipaXn, ' head.' A monster which has no head
visible externally, but exhibits voluminous jaws.
—G. St. Hilaire.
   GNATIIOCVNANCIIE, Cynanche  parotidaea.
   GXATIION, Glutton.
   GNATIIONEURALGIA,   Neuralgia  maxil-
laris.
   GNATH'OPLASTY,   Gnathoplas'tice,   from
yvados, 'cheek,' and nXaariKos, 'formative.'   The
formation of an artificial cheek.
   GXATHOPLE'GIA,  Gnathoparalysis,  from
yvados, and nXnyri, ' a stroke.'  Paralysis  of the
cheek.   Gnathojraralysis  is employed by  Fuchs
to signify paralysis of  the lesser portion  of the
trifacial  nerve, which  supplies the  muscles of
mastication.
   GNATHORRHAG"IA, from yvados, and 'pVy-
vvpi, 'to burst forth.'   Hemorrhage from the in-
ternal surface of the cheeks.
   GNATIIOSPASMUS, Trismus.
   GNATHUS,  Gnathinus, from rcvaur, 'I scrape,
 rub.'  The cheek, the jaw.  Also, the  part of the
 jaws in which the teeth are  fixed.—Hippocrates,
 Foesius.  See  Bucca, Gena, and Maxillary Bone.
   GNESIOS, Legitimate.
   GXOME, Intellect.
   GNOSIS, yvurcts,  'knowledge.'   A  common
 suffix, as in Diagno'sis, Vrogno'sis, Ac
   GOACONAX, see Toluifera balsamum.
   GOADBY'S  SOLUTION,  see Solution,
 Goadby's.
   GOATS'  BEARD,  COMMON, Tragopogon.
   GOATS'MILK, see Milk,  goats' —g.  Milk,
 artificial, see  Milk, goats'—g. Thorn, Astragalus
 verus.
   GOB, Mouth. ,  ,
   GOBELET E3TETTQUE. Goblet, emetic.
   GOBLET, EMET'IC, Poe'ulum ernet'icum, Ca-
 lix  vomito'ria,  (F.) Gobelct  imitique.  A vessel,
 made by pouring melted antimony into a mould.
 By putting wine into this and allowing it to stand
 some time,  it acquires the property of producing
 vomiting.   This kind of emetic  has been long
 rejected, as the practitioner could never be certain
 of the dose he exhibited.
   GODESBERG,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.
 These waters, at Godesberg,  a German mile from
 Bonn,  are  an efficacious, acidulous chalybeate,
 formerly known by  the  name, Draitsch  Water.
 They contain  chloride of sodium, carbonate  of
 soda, carbonate  of lime,  carbonate of magnesia,
 and carbonate of iron.
   GODFREY'S COR'DIAL.   A celebrated nos-
 trum, for which Dr. Paris has given the following
 formula. Infuse £ix  of sassafras and of the seeds
 of carraway,  coriander,  and anise, each  t^j,  in
 six pints of water.  Simmer the mixture until re-
 duced to tbiv: then add  tbvj of treacle, and boil
 the whole for a few minutes.  When cold, add
 ^iij of tincture of opium.  The following form is
 recommended by a committee of tbe Philadelphia
 college of Pharmacy.   Tinct. Opii, Oiss; Syrupi
 A'igri, Oxvj ;  Aleoliolis, Oij; Aqua, Oxxvj :  Car-
 bonatis Potassa, ^ijss :  Old  Sassafras, fjiv, M.
 It is anodyne.  ,
   GODROXXE, (Canal,)  Cana'lis  Petitia'nus
 sen Peti'ti,  Couronne  ciliaire. Canal de Petit ou
 gondronni,  Canal or Bullular  Canal of  Petit.
 Petit gave  this  name  (from  F.) godron, 'a plait
 or  fold.')   to  the  semicircular  canal,  formed
 by the  tunica  hynloidea around  the edge of the
nystalline ; because it appears, as it were, plaited
or festooned.
   GOGGLE-EYED,  (Prov.) Grozet-eyed.   Hav-
ing  prominent, staring  and rolling eyes.
   GOITRE,  Bronchocele — g. Leaf,  see  Lami-
 naria.
   GOITRE  STICKS.  In  South  Americu  the
 stems of a seaweed  are so  called,  because  they
 are chewed by the inhabitants where  goitre pre-
 vails.—Royle.
   GOIT'ROUS, (F.) Goitreux.  Relating or ap-
 pertaining to goitre.  One affected by goitre or
 Bronchocele,— Goitred.
   GOLD, An'rum, Chrysos, Sol, Rex metallo'niin,
 (F.)  Or.  (Sax.)  50DJ.   A  solid,  yellow,  very
 brilliant, hard, very  ductile, malleable, tenacious,
 and  heavy metal; found  in  nature, either in its
 native state, or combined with a little silver, cop-
 per,  or iron.  S. g. 19-25.
   3Turiate or Chloride of Gold, Auri Chlo'ridum
 seu Terchlo' ridnm seu 3Tn'rias seu  Chlorure'turn,
 Aurum 3Iuriut'icum seu Chlora'tum seu Oxydnla'-
 tuin  murialiann  seu Sali'tum, (F.)  Chlorure ou
 3Tnriitte  ou  Hydro-chlorate d'or  has been ad-
 mitted into  the  Pharmacopoeia of  the  United
 States, and into that of Paris, Ac.   The formulas,
 however, differ.   That of" the United States is ;i
 muriate with two bases; and is prepared, accord-
 ing  to the form  of  Dr. Chrestien,  by dissolving
 the gold in a mixture of nitric and muriatic acids,
 and  adding chloride of sodium to  the residuum
 after evaporation ; then  redissolving and evapo-
 rating slowly to dryness.   The Parisian formula
 for the  3luriate  d'or, 3Iurias seu Chlorure'turn
 Auri,  consists  in  simply  dissolving  the gold in
 the  acids,  and evaporating  to dryness.  It has
 been recommended as an  antisyphilitic in old, re-
 bellious, venereal affections, exostoses, and in ve-
 nereal, scrofulous  or cancerous glandular enlarge-
 ments.   Dose, gr. 1—8th  to gr. ss, rubbed on the
 tongue or gums.   Internally, one-sixteenth of a
 grain, in pills.
    Various  other preparations, as the  Cy'anide or
 Tercif'anide, (Auri  Cyan'idiim. seu  Cyauiire'tum
 seu  Tercyan'idum, (F.) Cyanure d'or;) the metal-
 lic gold in a state of division (Aurum  metalliairn,
 Pulvis  And, (F.) Or divisi ou mitallique,) ob-
 tained by amalgamating  gold with mercury and
 driving the latter off by heat; and in  the form of
 filings (Aurum lima'turn) ; the Chloride of Gold-
 arid Sodium,  (Aurum muriat'ieum  natrona'tuni
 sen  niuriat'icum  seu chlora'tum  riatro1nation,
 Chlore'tum  Au'ricum  Chlore'to nn'trii, 3lu'rias
 Ailrico-na'tricurn, Chlorure'tum auri  et natrii,
 So'dii auro-terchlo'ridum. Hydrochlorate or rnuri-
 | ate  of Gold  and  Soda,  (F.)  Chlorure d'or et de
 Sodium, Hydrochlorate  ou  muriate  d'or et de
 Sonde); tbe Xitromnrinte of Gold, (Aurum Xitri-
 eo-mnrialicum, Auri nitromn'rias,  (F.) Nitromu-
 riate d'or;) the  Oxide of Gold, (Auri Ox'idttru,
 Aurum Oxida'tum, Auri terox'ielum, Perox'ide of
 gold, Auric acid, (F.) Oxide  d'or);  and the Io-
 dide of Gold, (Auri  Io'didum seu lodure'tum, (F.)
 lodure d'or,) have  been  employed  in  the like
 affections, and with  similar results.
    Gold-Beater's Skin.   The intestina recta of
 the ox, which have been beaten quite smooth, for
 the manufacture  of  gold  leaf.  Used  as a defen-
 sive dressing for  slight cuts, Ac
    Gold, Chloride of, see  Gold—g.  Cyanide of,
 see Gold—g. Hydrochlorate of, see Gold—g. Io-
 dide of,  see Gold—g. Muriate of, see Gold — g.
 Nitro-muriate of, see Gold—g. Oxide of, see Gold
|| —g. Peroxide of, see Gold—g. Tercyanide of. see
 Gold—g. and Sodium, Chloride of oxide of, see
 Gold—g. and Soda,  hydrochlorate of, see Gold—
 g. and Soda, muriate of, see Gold.
 [   GoLO Leaf, Gold Foil, Aurum folia'tum, Aurum
 in libellis.   Used to gild pills and to plug cari-
 ous  teeth.   The  gold leaf or foil, used  by the
|| dentist for  filling teeth,  is much thicker than
 j ordinary gold leaf.
j   Gold  Thread,  Coptis. 
GOLDEN  BUG             430             GONORRHOEA
  GOLDEN BUG,  Coccinella septempunctata —
g.  Knop,  Coccinella  septempunctata—g. Rod,
Solidago virgaurea — g. Rod, fragrant, Solidago
odora — g. Rod, rigid, Solidago rigida — g. Rod,
sweetscented,  Solidago odora — g. Seal,  see Ca-
lumba,  ITydrastis Canadensis.
  GOLDENS, Chrysanthemum leucanthemum.
  GOLDING, Calendula officinalis.
  GOLDSHRUB, Palicourea speciosa.
  GOLDWASSER, see Spirit.
  GOLFE, Sinus — g. de la  Veine jugulaire, see
Jugular veins.
  GOLUNCHA,  Menispermum cordifolium.
  GOMBO, Hibiscus esculentus.
  G03I3TE, Gumma, Gummi—g. Adragant, Tra-
gacanth— g. Ammoniaque, Ammoniac  gum — g.
Arabique,  Acacias  gummi — g.  Astringente de
Gamble, see  Butea frondosa — g. Caragne, Ca-
ranna—g. Oarane,  Caranna — g. Elastique, Ca-
outchouc— g. de Ga'iac, Guaiacum—g. de Geni-
vrier, Sandarac—g. Gettania, Gutta  Percha—g.
Gutte, Cambogia—g.deKino, Kino—g.Laque, Lac-
ca--g.de L'rerre, see  Hedera helix—g. du Pays,
Gummi nostras—g. Siraphique, Sagapenum.
  GOMPHI'ASIS,  Gomphias'mus, from  yoptfros,
'a nail.'  A disease of the teeth, and particularly
of the molares; looseness  of the teeth in their
sockets.  Agomphia'sis.   Pain  in the  teeth.
Odontalgia.
  GOMPHIASMUS, Gomphiasis.
  GOMPHIOI, Molar teeth.
  GOMPHOCAR'PUS   CRISPUS.    A   South
African plant, the root of which, formerly known
to the Dutch apothecaries  as Radix  Ascleplaelis
crispa, is extremely  bitter and acrid ; and, on
account of its diuretic virtues,  a decoction or in-
fusion  of it has been  advised in various kinds of
dropsy.  A tincture of it is  said to  be valuable
in colic
  GOMPHOMA,  Gomphosis.
  GOMPHO'SIS,Cardinameiltum,Clava'tio,Gom-
pho'ma, Coagmenta'tio, luclava'tio,  Incunea'tio,
fromyoptfros, 'anail.'  Engompho'sis.  An immova-
ble articulation, in which one bone is received into
another, like a nail or peg into its hole.  Gom-
phosis is only met with in the articulations of the
teeth with the alveoli.  It  is, also, called  Articu-
lation par inplantation.
   GOMPHUS, Clavus.
   GOMUTO PALM,  see Toddy.
   GOMUTOS GOMUTO, see toddy.
   GONACRASIA, Spermatorrhoea.
   GONACRATIA, Spermatorrhoea.
   GON'AGRA, Gon'yagra, from yow, 'the knee,'
and aypa, 'a prey.'  "That which attacks the
knees."  Gout  or  rheumatism  in  the   knees.
 Gongorrheilma.  Paracelsus calls it  Gen'ugra.
   GONAL'GIA,  from yow, 'the knee,' and aXyos,
 'pain.'   Pain in the knee.   Gonyalgia.   This  is
almost always produced by  gout.  It may, how-
 ever, depend on  some other disease,  either of the
knee or of another part—particularly of the hip-
 joint.
   GONARTHRT'TIS,  from yow,  'the  knee,'
 a/idpov,  'joint,' and itis, denoting inflammation.
 Inflammation of  the  knee-joint.
   GONARTHROCACE, Gonocace.
   GONAURA, see Sperm.
   GONDOLE OCULATRE, Scaphiura  oculare.
   GONDRET'S AMMONIACAL CAUSTIC,
 Pommade de Gondret—g.  Counter-irritant, Pom-
 math  de Gondret.
   GONE, Gonos, Genitu'ra.  The semen; (hence,
 gonorrhoea)—the uterus, offspring.—Hippocrates.
 See Epiirone, and Generation.
   GONECYSTIDES. Vesiculas seminales.
   GOXECYSTI'TIS, Infiamma'tio  vesicula'rum
 eemina'Uuin, from yovn, 'sperm,' kvotis, 'bladder,'
  d itis,  denoting inflammation.  Inflammation
   the vesiculas seminales.
  G0NEPO3US, Spermatoposus.
  GONEPOETICUS, Spermatoposus.
  GONFLE3IENT, Swelling.
  GOXGRONA, Bronchocele.
  GONGROPHTHISIS, Phthisis pulmonalis.
  GONGYLIDIUM, Pilula.
  GOXGYLION, Pilula.
  GONGYLIS, Pilula.
  GONIOCATII'ETER,  from  ywvta, 'an  angle,'
and Kadernp, 'a catheter.'  An angular or crooked
catheter.
  GONIOME'LE, from  yurvta, 'an angle,'  and
pv^i, 'a probe.'  An angular or crooked probe or
sound.
  GONIOM'ETER.  Goniom'etrum,  from  yiovia,
'an angle,' and perpov, 'a measure.'  An  instru-
ment for measuring angles.
  A 'Facial Goniometer' has been invented by
Mr. Turnpenny,  of  Philadelphia, which  is  well
adapted for measuring the facial angle.
  GONOBOLIA, Ejaculation, spermatic
  GONOCACE, Gonarthroc'uce, from yow, 'the
knee,'  and  kokos,  'evil.'   Tumor  genu   albus.
White swelling of the knee.  Hydrarthrus.
  GONOCELE, Spermatocele.
  GONOI'DES, from yoi/17, 'sperm,' and etSos, 'ap-
pearance.'  Genitu'ra sirrr'ilis.  Similar to sperm.
Sperm'atoid, Spermato'i'des, Spermato'des.  A term
appropriated  to any substance which resembles
sperm.
  GONOL'OBUS  MACROPHYL'LUS,  (ymvta,
'an angle,' and Xoflos, 'a pod'); indigenous. Nat.
Ord. Asclepiadaceas.  The root  is cathartic.   Tt
is  said to furnish a juice with which the Indians
poison their arrows.  [?]
  GONOPOETICUS, Spermatoposus.
   GONORRHEE BA TARDE, Gonorrhoea
spuria.
  GONORRHO-BLEPHARRH(EA,Ophthalmia,
gonorrhoeal.
  GONORRHO-PROSTATITIS, see Prostatitis.
   GONORRHOEA.   Erroneously  called from
yovn, 'sperm,' and pcur, 'I flow,' because the older
writers  believed it to be a flux of semen.  Blen-
norrhag"ia, Blennorrhee'a, B. urethra'lis, lilen-
nure'thria, Phallorrho?.'a, 3Iedorrhoe'a, 31.  viri'lis,
Catar'rhus gonorrhae'a  seu ure'thra,  Urethritis,
Infiamma'tio  ure'thra. Urethral gia,  Profiu'riuru.
muco'sum ure'thra,  Catarrhus  urethra'lis,  (F.)
Ecoulement,  Urithrite,  Uritrite.  An inflamma-
tory discharge of  mucus from the membrane of
the urethra in both sexes; and from that of the
prepuce  in man, and the vagina in woman. It
may  be excited spontaneously, or  by irritants
applied directly to the membrane; but is usually
produced by impure connexion.  Two great va-
rieties have been generally reckoned.—1. Gonor-
rhcea Pura  seu Benig'na.   That which  does
not follow an impure connexion; (F.) Ecbanffe-
ment,  Blennorrhag" ia   benigna,   Caulorrhte'a
benig'na, Catar'rhus Ure'thra,  Gonorrh&'u ca-
tarrha'lis seu non contagio'sa: — and, 2. Gonor-
rhoea Impu'rA, malig'na, contagio'sa, syphilitica,
et virulen'ta; Fluor albus malig'nus, Fluxus re-
ne'reus,   Blennorrhee'a   luo'des,  Baptorrhie'a,
3lyxio'sis, Lues gonorrho'ica, Scroph'ula gonor-
rho'ica,'Tuber'cula gonorrho'ica, Clap, (Old E.)
 Chawdpys, (F.)  Chaudepisse; that which is the
result of impure  commerce.  The  French,  also,
distinguish the Chaudepisse se~che, or that unac-
companied with  discharge; and  the Chaudepi"**
chordie, Gonnorrhoe'a corda'ta, or that accompa-
nied with chordee, and which, of course, occurs
only in the male.  It is the kind that most fre-
quently engages the attention of the practitioner,
and is characterized by mucous discharge  from 
GONOS
431
GOSSYPIUM
the urethra or vagina,  intermixed with specific ||
matter, and accompanied with burning pain  on
micturition.  It is  decidedly infectious.   It  is,
however,  a distinct disease  from syphilis, and
never produces it.   Its duration is  various, but
the inflammatory  symptoms  usually subside  in
four or  five weeks; leaving  generally  behind
more or less of the gonorrhoea  mucosa or gleet.
Gonorrhoea of every kind,  attended  with any
inflammatory  symptoms,  is  best treated  by the
antiphlogistic regimen; avoiding every kind of
irritation,  and keeping the  body cool  by small
doses of salts, and the urine  diluted  by  the mild-
est fluids.  After  the  inflammatory  symptoms
have  subsided, cubebs,  or the balsam of copaiba,
exhibited in the dose of a teaspoonful, three times
a day, will be found effectual: indeed, during the
existence of the inflammatory symptoms,  it often
affords  decided relief.   Injections are rarely  re-
quired.
   Sometimes, gonorrhoea affects the  glans: when
it is called Gonorrhnit  Spu'ria  seu  Ba/'ani, 11,t-
 lanoblennorrhie' a,  Balannorrlne ' a,  Balan i' tis,
 Blennorrhag"ia spu'ria seu notha, (F.) Blennor-
 rhagic. tin gland, Gonorrhie hdtardc,  Fausse Blcn-
 norrhagie.  It requires  only cleanliness and cool-
 ing lotions.  This is the simple form of balanitis.
 It may, however, be of the impure  kind—Bala-
 norrhag"ia, (F.) Balanite contagiciise.
   Some other varieties of gonorrhoea have been
 enumerated, but they are of little moment.
   In consequence  of repeated attacks  of gonor-
 rhoea, or of the debility induced by a single  at-
 tack, it not unfrequently happens, as already re-
 marked, that a constant, small discharge occurs,
 or remains behind, after all danger of infection
 is removed.   The great difference between it and
 gonorrhoea is, that it  is uninfectious.  The dis-
 charge consists of globular particles, contained
 in a slimy mucus, and is generally devoid of that
 yellow colour which characterizes the discharge
 of gonorrhoea virulenta.  It is unattended with
 pain,  scalding, Ac.   To  this  state the  names
  Gleet, Gonorrhie'a  muco'sa, Blennorrhoe'a chrorl-
 ica, Blcniiorrhte'a, Ac, have been  given.  It is
 commonly a  disease of some duration, and  de-
 mands the use of the copaiba, astringent injection ;
 and, if obstinate, the introduction of the bougie.
   GoxouitiKEA Balani, G. spuria — g. Benigna,
 Leucorrhoea—g.  Catarrhalis, see Gonorrhoea—g.
 Chordata, Chordee — g. Contagiosa, see  Gonor-
 rhoea.
   Gonorrhoea Dormien'tium,  G.  Oneirog'onos.
 The seminal discharge which occurs  during sleep,
 and is occasioned by libidinous dreams.  See Pol-
 lution.
   Gonorrhoea Impura, see Gonorrhoea.
   Gonorrhoea Laxo'rum,  G. libidino'sa, Sper-
 matnrrhtv'a aton'ica, consists of a  pellucid  dis-
 charge from the urethra,  whilst awake, without
 erection of the penis, but with venereal  thoughts.
   Goxoruhcea Laxorum, Pollution,  G. libidinosa
 —g. Maligna, see Gonorrhoea—g. Mucosa  (gleet),
 see Gonorrhoea—g. Noncontagiosa,  G. pura—g.
 Notha  inveterata,  Leucorrhoea—g.  Oneirogonos,
 G. dormientium, Pollution—g.  Spuria,  see  Go-
 norrhoea— g.  Syphilitica,  see  Gonorrhoea — g.
 Vera,  Pollution,  Spermatorrhoea —  g. Virulenta,
 see Gonorrhoea.
   GONOS, Gone.
   GOXOSTROMA, Proligerous disc.
   GOXOZEMIA.  Spermatorrhoea.
   GONY, yow, Genu, 'the knee;' hence:
   GONYAGRA, Gonagra.
   GOXYALGIA,  Gonalgia.
   GONYAX'CON, Gonycamp'sis, from yow, 'the
knee,' and ayxwv, 'a curvature.'  A curvature or
bending of the knee.   A bent knee.
   GONYCAMPSIS, Gonyancon.
   GONYC'ROTUS,  from y»,,, 'the knee,'  and
 KpoTcia, 'I strike.'  One who is  knock-kneed, or
 in-kneed.  See Entogonyancon.
   GONYON'CUS, from  yow,  'the  knee,'  and
 oy/coj, 'a tumour.'  A swelling of the knee.
   GONYORRHEUMA, Gonagra.
   GOOD  KING  HENRY,  Chenopodium  bonus
 Henricus.
   GOODYE'RA  PUBES'CENS,  Tusso'ca reti-
 cula'ta,  Satyr'ium,  Neott'itt, Rattlesnake  le--/.
 Rattlesnake Plantain, Networt, A'etleaf, Scrof'n*,
 rcecd,  Cancer weed.   Ord. Orchidaecas.  An  in-
 digenous plant, used empiric-ally in scrofula—the
 fresh leaves  being applied to  the sores.  It  is
 employed by the Indians.
   GOOSE 15 ERRY, Ribes uva crispa.
   GOOSEFOOT,  Chenopodium  anthelminticum
 —g. Angular-leaved, Chenopodium bonus Hen-
 ricus—g. Mercury, Chenopodium bonus Henricus
 —g. Stinking, Chenopodium vulvaria.
   GOOSEGRASS, Galium aparine, G. verum.
   GOOSESHARE, Galium  aparine.
   GOOSESKIN. Horrida cutis.
   GORBELLY, Pbvsconia.
   GORDI US MEDINENSIS, Dracunculus.
    GORGE,  Ingluvies,   Pharynx,  Throat — g.
  Grosse, Bronchocele—g. 3l,,l de, Cynanche.
    GOIKIEIIET,  Gorget — g. Litliotomc, (iorget,
 lithotomy—<•/. d Iteponssoir, see (iorget.
    GORGET, from (F.) gorge, 'the throat.'  Ca-
 na'lis  canalicula'tus, Doctor caualiailii'tus,  (F.)
  Gorgerct.  An  instrument  representing  a long
 gutter, in the shape  of a throat, which is espe-
 cially  employed  in  tbe  operations of lithotomy
 and fistula in ano.
    Gorget, Cutting, see Gorget, and Lithotomy.
    Gorget, Lithot'omy,  (F.) Gorgeret Litliotomc,
  Cutting Gorget, is the one used in the operation
 for  the  stone, for the purpose of  dividing the
 prostate and the  neck of the  bladder,  so as to
 enable the surgeon  to introduce the forceps  and
 extract the stone.  At the end of this gorget is a
 crest or beak, which fits the groove  of the staff,
 and admits of the gorget being passed along it
 into the bladder.  Besides cutting, there are also
  blunt gorgets, intended to be introduced into the
  wound — their  concavity  serving as  a guide for
  the forceps into the bladder.
    The chief modifications in the gorget have been
 made by Andouillet, Bell, Blicke, Bromfield, Cline,
  Desault, Foubert, Hawkins, Larrey, Lefdvre, Mi-
 chaelis. Thomas, Ac
   Gorget for Fistula in Ano  consists of a
 semi-cylindrical wooden  staff, four inches long,
 without including the handle, and furnished with
 a wide groove.  This is introduced into the rec-
 tum, to prevent  the  point of the bistoury from
 injuring the intestine, when the  internal  orifice
 of the fistula is deeply situate, and it is desirable
 to perform  the operation by  incision.   This in-
 strument, invented by Marchettis, has  been  mo-
 dified  by Percy, Runge, Ac.
   Desault invented an instrument for conducting
 the wire by the anus, in  the operation for fistula
 by ligature.  He called it Gon/eret d repoussoir.
   GORGO'NEI FOXTES.  Fountains described
 by Libavius as containing water which possessed
 a petrifying  property; probably, water holding
 in solution supercarbonate of lime.
   GORGOSSET, Pyrosis.
   GOS/Elt, Pharynx, Throat.
   GOSSUM. Bronchocele.
   GOSSYP'IUM. Gossyp'ium  Herba'ceum. Gos-
 sip'ion Nylon,  Xylitin, Bombax, Cotton,  (F.) Co.
 ton.   Family, Malvaceae.  Sex. Syst.  Monadel-
 phia Polyandria.  The  seeds of tbe  Cotton Tree,
 Gossip'ium arbor'eum, have been administered in
 coughs, on account of the mucilage they contain,
; and  a  decoction of a  pint of the seeds to a quart 
GOTCIIBELLY             432                GRACILIS
of water has been given, in the Southern States,
in intermittents.  A decoction of the  root  has
been prescribed as an emmenagogue and parturi-
facient.  The cotton wool is used  in medicine for
making moxas, Ac, and is applied in the  treat-
ment of  recent burns and scalds.
   GOTCHBELLY,  Physconia.
   GOTIUM, Bronchocele.
   GOUDROX, see  Pinus sylvestris.
   GOUET, Arum maculatum.
  *GOUETRE, Bronchocele.
   GOULARD'S LOTION, see Lotion, Goulard's.
   Goulard  Water, Liquor  plumbi  subacetatis
 dilutus.
   GOULU, Glutton.
   GOUND OF THE EYE, Chassie.
   GOURD, Cucurbita—g. Bitter,  Cucumis colo-
 cynthis—g. Bottle, Cucurbita pepo.
   Gourd Worm, Distoma hepaticum.
   G0I'll31AXDISE, Gluttony.
   GOUR31E,  Porrigo  larvalis.   Vulgarly, in
 France,  any cutaneous eruption.
   GOUSSE, Legumen.
   GOUT,   Arthritis,  Arth'ragra,  Arthralgia,
 Morbus  domino'rum seu articula'ris, Malum arti-
 culo'rum, Gutta, Arthro'sia Pod'agra, Podalgia,
 Pod'agra, Arthrit'icus vents,  Arthritis  Podagra,
 Podagra Arthritis, Flux'io  arthrilica,  Febris
 arthrilica seu Podag'rica, Arthrodyn'ia podag'-
 rica,  Cauma  podag'ricum,   Flerecin,  Gastro-
 arthri'tis,  3lisopto'chos,  (Sc.) Gat, (F.)  Goutte,
 Agrie.—Piorry. The gout was formerly regarded
 as a  catarrh, and  received  its name  from  (F.)
 goutte, (L.) gutta, 'a drop;'  because it was be-
 lieved to be produced by a liquid, which distilled,
 goutte a goutte, 'drop  by drop,' on  the diseased
 part.  This name, which seems to have been first
 used about the year 1270, has been admitted into
 the different languages of Europe.  Gout is an
 inflammation of the fibrous and ligamentous parts
  of the joints.  It almost always attacks, first, the
 great toe;  whence  it passes  to the other smaller
  joints, after having produced, or been attended
 with, various sympathetic phenomena, particularly
 in the digestive organs : after this, it may  attack
  the greater articulations.  It is an  affection which
  is extremely fugitive, and variable  in  its  recur-
  rence.  It may be acquired  or  hereditary.  In
  the former case, it  rarely appears before tbe age
  of thirty-five; in the  latter, it is frequently ob-
  served earlier.  It  is often difficult to distinguish
  it from rheumatism.  A  combination is, indeed,
  supposed  to exist sometimes; hence called Rheu-
  matic gout.   During the paroxysm or fit, a burn-
  ing, lancinating pain is experienced in the affected
  joint, attended with  tumefaction,  tension, and
  redness.  One or  more joints may be attacked,
  either at the same  time or in succession; and, in
  either case, the attack terminates by  resolution
  in a few days.  This is  the Arthritis  acu'ta seu
  infiammato'ria seu  regula'ris, Regular gout, Arth-
  ro'sia pod'agra regula'ris,  Arth'ragra legit'ima
  seu vera seu  genui'na seu norma'lis, (F.) Goutte
  rigulih-e  chaude.   At other  times, pains  in the
  joints exist, of more or less  acute character; the
  swelling  being without  redness.   These pains
  persist, augment, and diminish irregularly, with-
  out exhibiting intermission, and, consequently,
  without having distinct paroxysms.  The  disease
  is  then called aton'ic, asthen'ic, imperfect or ir-
  regular gout, Chronic G., Arthritis  atorlica seu
  asthen'iea,  Arthro'sia Podagra larva'ta,  Dysar-
  thri'tis.  It  is, also, commonly called in  France
  Goutte  froide, Goutte blanche.   It  may  appear
  primarily, or succeed attacks of  regular gout.
    Gout does not always confine itself to the joints.
  It  may attack tbe internal  organs:  when it is
  called Arthritis aber'rans seu err at'ica seu pla-
  net'ica, Arth'ragra anom'ala, Pod'agra aber'rans,
Vare'ni, Wandering, misplaced, or anomalous govt,
(F.)  Goutte vague.
  Ret'rograde gout, Arthritis retrog'rada, Pot/a.
gra retrog'rada, Arthro'sia Podagra cornplica'ta,
Rece'dent or ruispla'ced gout, (F.) Goutte rerriontie,
G. ma/placie, G. rentrie, is  when it leaves  tho
joints suddenly and attacks some internal orgnn,
as the stomach, intestines, lungs, brain, Ac.
  Gout is  also  called,  according to the  pari it
may  affect,  Podagra,  Gonagra,  Chiragra,  Ac,
It may  be acute or chronic, and may give rise to
concretions, which  are chiefly composed of urate
of soda.  See Calculus, (arthritic.)   It may, also,
give occasion to nodosities, when  it is called  Ar-
thritis noelo'sa, (F.) Goutte nouie.
  The treatment is of the  antiphlogistic kind,
and  the local disorder should be  but little inter-
fered with.  Colchicum seems to have great power
over the disease.  It  forms  the basis of the Enn
midiciitale d'Husson, a celebrated French gout-
remedy.  The bowels must  be kept regular  by
rhubarb and  magnesia; and a recurrence of tho
disease  be prevented  by abstemious habits.
   Gout, Diaphragmatic, Angina pectoris.
   Gout Paper, so  called, Churta autiarthriliea,
Charta  antirheumalica, is made by spreading a
very thin layer  of a mixture of an ethereal or
spirituous extract of the bark  of  mezereon root,
with wax, spermaceti,  and oil, over tbe  surface
of paper.
   Gout, Rheumatic, see  Rheumatism, acute—g.
Weed, Ligusticum  podagraria.
   Gout Stones, Calculi, arthritic.
   GOUT, Taste.
   GOUTTE,  Gout,  Gutta —jr.  Blanche, Gout
(atonic)—g.  Caduque, Epilepsy—g. Froide, Gout
(atonic) — g. 3lalplacie,  Gout (retrograde) —;/.
Nouie,  Gout  (with  nodosities) — g.  liiguliere
chaude, Gout (regular)—g. Rerriontie, Gout  (re-
trograde)—g. Rentrie, Gout (retrograde)—g. Ruse,
Gutta rosea—g. Sciatique, Neuralgia femoro-pop-
litasa — g. Sereine, Amaurosis—y. Vague, Gout
 (wandering.)
   GOUTTEUX, Arthritic, Podagric.
   GOUTTIERE (F.), Collie"ia.   A gutter in a
bone, like that used for carrying off rain.  Some
of these cavities  are  intended  to facilitate  the
 sliding of tendons, such  as  the Gouttiire Bicipi-
 tale  or Bicip'ital  groove.   Others, as the Gnut-
 tiere*sagittale or  Sagittal groove, lodge  blood-
 vessels and especially veins.  Others, again, are
 merely intended for the support of certain organs;
 as the Gouttiire basilaire or Bus'ilary fossa, whkh
 supports the medulla oblongata.
   GOUTTIERE  BASILAIRE, see  Gimttiere-
 g.  Bicipitale, Bicipital  groove — g.  Lacrymale,
 Lachrymal  groove — g.  Sacri,  Sacral groove —
 g. Sagittate, see Gouttiere.
   GOUTY,  Arthritic, Podagric—g. Rheumatism,
 see Rheumatism, acute.
   GOUYERXAIL  DU TESTICULE, Gubcr-
 naculum testis.
   GOWAN, EWE,  Bellis —g. Yellow, Ranun-
 culus.
   GOWLAND'S  LOTION,  see   Lotion,  Gow-
 land's.
   GOWN, RED,  Strophulus—g. Yellow, Icterus
 infantum.
   GOWNDE OF  THE  EYE, Chassie.
   GRACE-WIFE, Midwife.
   GRACILARIA LICHENOIDES,  Fucus amy-
 laeeus.
   GRACILIS, 3Iacer,  3Tacilerltns.   Slender,
 lean.  Also, the slender Rectus  inte'riar fem'oris
 seu Grac"His interior, (F.) Sons-pnbio-criti tibial,
 Sons pubio-pritrbial (Ch.),  Droit  ou gn'/r interne
 de  la cuisse.  This muscle is  situate at the insido
 of  the thigh.   It is thin  and very  long;  and 
GRADUATE              433               GRAPHITES
arises from the descending ramus of the  pubis,
to be inserted at tbe inner and inferior part of
the tuberosity of the tibia.  It bends the leg and
causes abduction of the thigh.  See GrSle.
  Guacilis Anterior, Rectus femoris.
  GRAD'UATE, Gradua'tns, from gracilis, 'a
stop.' 'a degree.'  In medicine, one who has at-
tain\il a degree,—usually, tbe degree of doctor.
  GRiEA, ypata.  The pellicle  which forms on
milk.  The  folds of skin round the umbilicus.
An old woman.
   GRAIN,  G ran urn ; the 60th  part of a  Troy,
and the 72d part of a Poids de marc drachm.
   Ghain Gil, Oil, fusel — g.  Oily, Sesamum ori-
 entate.
   GRAIXE D'ASPIC, see  Phalaris Canariensis
__g, d' Kea ,1 ate, Coccus cacti—g. 3Tusc,  Hibiscus
 abelmoschus — g. de Paradis, Amomum granuin
 paradisi — g. de Perroquet, Carthamus tinctorius
 (seed) — g.  de  Santi, see Pilulae  aloes  et kinas
 kinas—.'/. de Tm-quic, Zea mays.
   GRAINS, GUINEA, see Pepper, Malagueta.
   Grains of Paradise, Amomum granum Para-
 disi.
   GRAISSE, Pinguedo—g. de 3Ionton,  Sevum
 — g. d'Oie, Adeps anserina — g.  Oxyginie, Un-
 guentum  acidi nitrosi — g. de Pore, Adeps prae-
 paratus.
   GRAMEN  jEGYPTIACUM, G. Crucis cype-
 rioidis—g. Caninum, Triticum repens.
   Git amen Crucis Cyperioi'dis, Gramen JEyyp'-
 tiaeum, ^Egi/p'tian  Cock's foot grass.  Ord. Gra-
 mineas. The roots and plants possess the virtues
 of the Triticum repens, and have been  recom-
 mended in  the earlier stages of  dropsy.  They
 were, formerly, considered to possess many other
 properties.
    Gramen Dioscoridis, Triticum repens—g. Ma-
  jor, Sarsaparilla Germaniea—g. Orientale, Juncus
  odoratus — g. Repens, Triticum repens — g. Ru-
  brum, Sarsaparilla Germaniea.
    GRAMIA,  CHASSIE,  Lippitudo.
    G R AM IXIV'OROUS, Graminiv'orus, from gra-
  men, 'grass,' and voro,  'I eat.'  Feeding  or sub-
  sisting on grass.
    GRAMMARIUM, Scruple.
    GRAMME, ypauun.  An ancient weight, equi-
  valent to the  24th  part  of  an ounce, or to 24
  grains, or a scruple, avoirdupois.  At the present
  day, the gramme is equal in weight to a cubed
  centimetre  of  water;  or to  18 grains,  poids de
  marc—15.134 grains, Troy.
    Giiamme, Iris, Line.
    GRAMMITIS AUREA, Asplenium ceterach—
  g. Ceterach, Asplenium ceterach.
    GRAXA, Heinicrania—g.  Guineensia, Pepper,
  malagueta—g. Molucca, Croton tiglium—g. Mos-
  chi, Hibiscus abelmoschus — g. Orientis, see Me-
  nispermum cocculus—g. Paradisi, Ainomum gra-
  num Paradisi—g. Tiglii seu Tiglia, see  Croton
  tiglium—g. Tilii, Croton tiglium—g. Triticea, see
  Hyoides os.
    GRAXADTLLA,  APPLE-SHAPED, Passiflo-
  ra maliformis.
    GRAXATI  RADICIS CORTEX, see  Punica
  gratiatum.
    GRAND  DORSAL, Latissiraus dorsi.
    GRAXDEB'AL-E.   The hair which  grows in
  the arm-pits.
    GRAXDGORE.  Syphilis.
    GRAXDIXOSUM OS, Cuboid.
    GRAXDO. Chalaza.
    GRAN DU LA. Gland.
   GRAXIV'ORODS,  Graniv'orns, from granum,
 'a grain.' and voro,  'I eat.'  Feeding or subsist-
 ing on  grain or seeds.
   GRAXTRISTUM. Anthrax.
   GRAXULA  SANGUINIS,  Globules  of the
 blood—:r. Seminis, see Sperm.
       28
  GRAN'ULAR,  Gran'ulous, Granulo'sns,  (F.)
Granuli, Granuleux,  from grannlum,  'a small
grain.'  Composed of or containing granules  or
small particles,—as 'granular eyelid,' 'membrana
granulosa,' Ac, Ac.
  Granular Degeneration or Disorganization
of the Kidney, Kidney, Bright's disease of the
—g. Conjunctiva, Trachoma—g. Eyelid,  Tracho-
ma— g. Layer, Membrana granulosa — g. Liver,
Cirrhosis—g. Tin,  see Tin.
  GRANULATED LIVER, Cirrhosis.
  GRANULA'TION, Granula'tio, from granum,
'a grain.'   Gemma,  (F.)  Bourgeon, B.  charnti.
Granulations are the reddish, conical, flesh-like
shoots, which form at the surface of suppurating
wounds and ulcers.  They are the product of in-
flammatory excitement, and may  be produced
in indolent ulcers, by exciting the  parts by pro-
per  stimulants.  They form the basis of the ci-
catrix.
  Granulation is, likewise,  a  name given by
the  modern French  physicians  to an  organic
lesion, consisting in the formation of small, round.
firm, shining, semi-transparent  tumours, of the
size and shape of millet-seed, or of a pea; which
are  met with in the  lungs particularly, and  in
considerable quantity; often without materially
interfering  with their functions.
   In pharmacy, granulation is a process by which
a metal is reduced to fine grains, by melting  if,
and causing it, whilst  liquid, to  pass through a
kind of sieve into a vessel of water, — as in tbe
making of shot:—or  by shaking  or rubbing the
melted  metal in an appropriate box or vessel,—
as in the formation of granular tin  or granulated
zinc                       ,
   GRANULATIONS CEREBRALES,  Glan-
dulas Pacchioni.
   Granula'tions Mil'iary, or  3Tiliary tilber-
cles, are the small, transparent grains, of varia-
ble  size, from that of a millet-seed to that of a
grain of hemp, which  are presumed to be the
primitive state of  tubercles.
   GRAN'ULE, Gran'ulum; diminutive of gra-
num, 'a grain.'  A small  grain;  a small  compact
particle;  a cytoblast.
   Gran'ules Sem'inal,  Gran'ula sem'inis.  Mi-
nute, rounded, granulated bodies,  observable in
 the semen,  which are, in all cases, much less
numerous than the spermatozoids.   See  Sperm.
   GRANULEUX, Granular.
   GRANULOUS, Granular.
   GRANVILLE'S LOTION, see Lotion, Gran-
 ville's counter-irritant.
   GRAPE,  see Vitis vinifera—g. Sea-side, see
 Kino.
   Grape-Cure, (F.) Cure du raisin, (G.) Trau-
 benkur, Wein trau.  A mode of medication in
 Germany, which consists in the use of the grape
for  both meat and drink ; nothing more at the
farthest being allowed than a piece of dry bread.
 This diet is continued for weeks.  Its effects are
 altogether revellent,  and  resemble  in many  re-
spects those of hydropathy.
   Grapes, Dried, Uvas passes.
   GRAPHIDOIDES, Styloid.
   GRAPHIODES, Styloid.
   GRAPHIOIDES, Styloid.
   GRAPHIS'CUS, Graphis'cus Dloelis.   Art in-
strument  invented  by  Diodes  for extracting
darts [?].   Said, in many of the Dictionaries, but
erroneously,  to be  described by  Celsus.    Be
speaks only of the Cyathis'cus Dloelis,  AwKJittov
KvadtaKov.   See Cyathiscus.
   GRAPHI'TES, Phtrnba'go,  Siipercarbiire'tum
seu Carbure'lum  Ferri,  Ferri Carbona'tnm seu
Stt)>ercarbure'tum,  Carbo minera'lis, Galene'a,
 Gale'ne, Plumbum nigrum, Ceruss'a nigra. Gra-
phite, Car'buret of iron,  Black lead,  Wad, (F.) 
GRAPIIOlDES
43
4                 GRELE
Crayon noir, Plombagine, Charbon mineral, Cur-
bnre de fer, from ypatpar,  'I  write.'   This sub-
stance has been esteemed slightly astringent and
desiccative.   It has been  advised by Weinhold
in tbe cure of herpes.
  GRAPIIOI'DES, Styloid.
  GRAPHOSPASMUS, Cramp, writers'.
  GRAS DES CADAVRES, Adipoeire — g. de
Jambe, Sura—g. des Cimetieres, Adipoeire—g. de
Jam be, Sura..
  GRAS FOXDURE (¥.), Diarrhce'a adipo'sa,
literally, molten grease.  A species of diarrhoea,
referreii to by old writers; accompanied with great
emaciation,  and in which the evacuations contain
fat-like matter. According to Sauvages, the Gras-
fondure differs from colliquative diarrhcea in not
being attended with hectic fever.
  GRASS, Asparagus—g.  Bear's, Yucca filamen-
tosa—g. Bermuda, Cynodon dactylon—g.  Bitter,
Aletris  farinosa — g.  Blue-eyed,  Sisyrinchium
Bermudianum — g. Brome, Bromus  ciliatus — g.
Brome. soft, Bromus ciliatus — g. Canary, culti-
vated.  Phalaris Canariensis—g. Couch, Triticum
repens — g. Dog, Triticum repens — g. Egyptian
cock's foot, Gramen crucis cyperioides—g. Goat's,
Scorzonera — g. Knot, Polygonum aviculare — g.
Lily, Sisyrinchium Bermudianum.
  Grass Oil of Nrmaur, Oleum graminis Indiei.
  Grass, Physic, Sisyrinchium Bermudianum—
g. Rib,  Plantago  lanceolata—g. Scurvy, Sisyrin-
chium Bermudianum—g. Silk, Yucca filamentosa
■—g. Sweet, Acorus Calamus.
   Gkass Tree, Xanthorrhcea.
  Gimss. Vipers', Scorzonera—g. Yellow-eyed,
Xvris bulbosa.
  'GIt ASSET (F.).   The  anterior region  of the
thisrh.  bounded below by the patella.
   GRASSEYE3IENT (F.), Sonus blasus, Rota-
cis'mns, from (F.) gras,  'thick.' ' Speaking  thick.'
According  to Sauvages, a vicious pronunciation
of the letter r.  They who speak thick, like the
inhabitants of Newcastle, in England, or of Havre,
in France,  have difficulty in  pronouncing  the r,
and they frequently substitute for it the letter I;
but  this does not properly  constitute Grasseye-
inent.  It consists in  this:  that,  in  words in
which  the letter r  is joined to another consonant,
a sort of burring or  guttural rolling  is  heard,
nearly like that produced  by gargling.  See Ro-
tocism.
   GRASUS, Cinabra.
   GRATELLE. Psoriasis.
   GRATIA DEI, Gratiola officinalis.
   GRATIOLA CEXTAURIOtDES.G.officinalis.
   Gratio'la Officina'lis,  Digitillis min'ima,
Gra'tia Dei. Gratiola Centaurioi'des, Hedge hys-
sop, Herb of Grace, from gratia, 'grace or favour,'
owing to it.s presumed  excellent medical virtues.
It  is a  native of the  south  of Europe   (F.)
Gratiolc, Sini des pris, Petite digitale, Herbe att
pauvr-e homme.  The plant  is inodorous; taste
Strong, bitter, nauseous.   It is possessed  of an-
thelmintic  purgative, emetic, and diuretie pro-
perties.  Dose, ten grains.
   GRA TIOLE. Gratiola officinalis.
   GRA TTERON, Galium aparine.
   GRATTOIR, Raspatorium.
   GRAVATIF, Heavy.
   GRAVE. Serious—g. Plant, Datura sanguinea.
   GRAVEDO, Catarrh, Coryza—g. Neonatorum,
Snuffles.
   GRAVEL, Lith'ia rena'lis areno'sa, Lrthlasis
nephrilica seu rena'lis, (F.) Gravelle.   A disease
occasioned by small concretions, similar to sand
or gravel,  Gla'rea, (F.) Grader, which form in
the kidneys, pass  along the ureters  to  the blad-
der, and are expelled with  the urine.  These con-
cretions, which are  commonly composed of uric
acid and an animal  matter, are deposited  at the
bottom of the vessel, immediately after the excre-
tion  of  the urine ;  and, by their hardness and
resistance  under the finger, differ considerably
from  the  ordinary  sediment of  that liquid.  \
vegetable diet and  alkaline drinks are tbe best
prophylactics.   See Calculi, urinary.  A fit of
the Gravel, Nephralgia calcttlo'sa seu  ar, ,,,,'sa
Co'lica  nephrilica, is the excruciating sufEuring
induced by the passage of gravel from the kidney
to tbe bladder.  It  can only be relieved by unies-
thetics,  opiates,  the warm bath, Ac.
  When the  deposit is in  fine particles, it is
termed Sand, Are'na, Are'nula, Psam'ma, Psarn.
mns.
  Gravel Grass, Galium verum.
  Gravel, Pileous or  Hairy, (F.) Gravelle pi.
leuse. A species of gravel containing hairs, phos-
phate of lime, ammoniaco-magnesiun  phosphate,
and a little uric  acid.—Magendie.
  Gravel Plant, Epigasa repens—g. Root, Eu-
patorium purpureum.
  GRA VELEUX,  Calculous.
  GRAVELLE, Chalaza,   Gravel— g. Pilense,
Gravel,  pileous.
  GRAVEOLENS, Fetid.
  GRAVID, Pregnant.
  GRAV'IDIN ;  from  gravidus,   'pregnant,'
gravis,  'heavy.'  A sediment  in the  urine of
pregnant  women, which  by  its decomposition
gives rise to the pellicle  kyestein.   It differs from
albumen, casein  and gelatin.—Stark.
  GRAVIDITAS, Fecundation, Pregnancy — g.
Abdominalis, Pregnancy, abdominal—g. Extra-
uteri n a, see Pregnancy—g. Extra-uterinain Ova-
rio,  Pregnancy,  ovarian—g. Extra-utcrina Se-
cundaria,  Metacyesis — g.  Interstitialis,  Preg-
nancy, interstitial—g.  Molaris, Mole—g. Ovarii,
Pregnancy, ovarian—g. Spuria, Pregnancy, false
—g.  Tubaria, Pregnancy, tubal,  Salpingo-eyesis
—g.  Uteri substantia, Pregnancy, interstitial—g.
Uterina, Pregnancy.
  GRA VIER, Gravel.
  GRAVIMETER, Areometer.
  GRAVIS, Heavy.
  GRAVITY, SPECIFIC, Gravitas specif ica,
(F.)  Pesanteur spidfique.   The relation between
the weight of a body and  its bulk : thus, sup-
posing four bodies to be of  the same size, but to
weigh, one four, another three, another  two, and
the fourth one; the specific gravity of the  first
will  be four times greater than that of the last.
The   specific gravities  of  different  bodies  are,
therefore,  as  the weights,  bulk  for bulk,   Fur
solids, and liquids,  water is taken as the  unit;
atmospheric air  for the gases.  Thus, water is
1.000;  mercury, at the  common  temperature,
13.58. Whence, we conclude mercury is between
thirteen and fourteen times  heavier than water.
  GRAYHAIRED, see Poliosis.
  GRAY MATTER OF  THE BRAIN, Cortex
cerebri, see Neurine.
  GREASE, from (F.)  Graisse, 'fat.'   A specific
inflammation, affecting  the  skin  of the heels of
the horse, which is especially interesting from
the  circumstance,  that  the matter,  if inserted
under the cuticle of an unprotected  individual,
may give rise to an affection—grease-pox, rari'-
trla  equina—which preserves the person from
small-pox. [?]
  Grease, Barrow's, Adeps suillus — g. Goose,
Adeps anserinus—g. Molten, Gras-fondure.
  Grease Pox, see Grease.
  GREENHEART, see Bebeeru.
  GREENHOW'S   TINCTURE  FOR   THE
TEETH, Spiritus armoraciae compositus.
  GREEN  SICKNESS, Chlorosis.
  GREEXWEED,  Genista  tinctora.
  GliELE (F.), Gracilis,' long and  thin.'  Thii 
GRfiLE                435            GRYPHIUS  PES
epithet is given by the French to various  parts,
us the
  Apophyse Grile du 3Tarteau, the slender apoph'-
ysis or process of the  malleus.  A long process
situate at the anterior part of the neck of the
malleus, which  passes out by the fissure of Gla-
serius.  It is also called the Apophy'sis of Rau,
although it  was already known  to Fabricius ab
Aquapendente and to  Cascilius Follius.
   GRF.LE,  Chalaza—g. Interne de  la Cuisse,
Gracilis.
   GllE.MIL  OFFICINAL, Lithospermum  offi-
cintilo.
   GREMIUM. Vulva.
   GRENADE, Influenza.
   G RE A'AD IE It, Punica granatum.
   GREXADIN, see Punica granatum.
   GREXIERS, Vesiculae seminales.
   GRENOUILLE, Rana esculenta.
   GRENOUILLETTE, Ranula.
   GREOULX, MINERAL WATERS OF.  Sul-
 phuretted springs  in  the department of Basses-
 Alpes, France.
   GRESSITRA, Perinasum.
   GRESSUS, Walking.
   GREVEURE,  Hernia.
   GRIELUM,  Apium petroselinum,  Smyrnium
 olusatrum.
   GRIFF, see Mulatto.
   GRIFFO, see Mulatto.
   GRINCEMENT DES  DENTS, Brygmus.
   GRIXCOME3, Syphilis.
   GRINDERS, Molar teeth—g.  Asthma, see
 Asthma, grinders'—g. Rot, Asthma, grinders'.
   GRINDING MILL, see Pulverization.
   GRIPE, CUTTING ON  THE, see  Lithotomy.
   GRIPES, Tormina, Colic.
   Grices, Watery.  A popular  name for  a dan-
 gerous disease of infancy, common in England,
 which does not differ essentially from  the cholera
 infantum of this country.
   GRIPHOSIS, Onychogryphosis.
   GRIPPE (F.), from gripper, '  to gripe,'  ' catch
 hold  of.' A vulgar name  for several catarrhal
 diseases, which have reigned epidemically; as
 the influenza.
   GRIPPE, Pinched.
   Gil ISO U, see Hydrogen, carburetted.
   GRISTLE, Cartilage.
   GRITS, Groats.
   Grit  Gruel,  Water gruel.  This is  made
 as follows: — Take three ounces of grits; wash
 them well in cold water, and, having  poured off
 the fluid, put them into four pints of fresh  water,
 and boil slowly until  the water  is  reduced one-
 bulf; then  strain  through a sieve.  It is a good
 dvmulcent, and is  employed also as a vehicle for
 clysters.
   GROAN, see Suspirium.
   GROATS,  German  Griitze;  Grutum, Ave'na
 exeortiea'tu ; (F.)  Gruau,  Oatmeal, ( Yorkshire.)
 Oats, bulled, but unground, (Lancashire.) Hulled
 outs, half ground.  Oats that have tho hulls taken
 off; Grits, (Prov.)  Cutlins.  When crushed, they
 are  termed  Embden  groats.   In America,  fine
 hominy is called  Grits, and wheat prepared in
 the same way is  likewise so designated.  It is
 also called wheaten hominy.
   Groats, Cracow, Semolina.
   GROCERS' ITCH, see Eczema Impetiginodes,
 Psoriasis.
   GROG-BLOSSOMS, Gutta rosea.
   GROG-ROSES, Gutta rosea.
   GROMWELL, Lithospermum officinale.
   GROOVE, Furrow,  Sulcus, (F.) Rainure. Ice-
landic, grafa, Sax.  srapan. ' to dig.'   A channel
or gutter in a bone or surgical instrument.   See
Cattliete.
  Groove, Prim'itive, Primitive streak or trace,
Notu primitiva.   A bright streak in the long
axis of the pellucid part of the  area gerniinativa,
after it presents a central pellucid and a periphe-
ral  opake part, and passes from the round  to the
pear shape.
  GROOVED.  Same etymon.  Sulca'tns, Stria'.
tits,  Canalicula'tns, (F.)  Canneli ou   Canele  ou
Canaliadi ; Canaliculated.  Having a small chan-
nel or gutter.
  GROS, Drachm—g. Con,  Bronchocele.
  GROSEILLES, Ribes  rubrum—g. d 3faque-
reau, Ribes uva crispa.
  GROSEILLElt  NOIR,   Ribes  nigrum —^.
Rouge, Ribes  rubrum.
  Gil OSSE GORGE, Bronchocele.
  GROSSESSE,  Pregnancy—//.  Abdominale,
Pregnancy, abdominal—g.  Afatalc,  Pregnancy,
afcetal — g. Bigiminale, Pregnancy, bigeminal —
g. Complexe, Pregnancy, complex — g. Composie,
Pregnancy, compound — g.  Cont re-nature,  Preg-
nancy, extra-uterine—g. Fausse ou  apparente.
Pregnancy, false—g.  Entitle, Pregnancy, foetal—
g.  Gazo-hystirique, Pregnancy, gazo-hysteric —
g. Himato-hystirique, Pregnancy, hemato-hyste-
ric—g. Ilydrtr-hystiriqne,  Pregnancy, hydro-hys-
teric— g.  Inter-extra-ntirine,  Pregnancy,  com-
plex—g. Ovarienne, Pregnancy, ovarial—g. Sar-
co-hystirique, Pregnancy, sarco-hysteric—g. Sar-
cofoetale, Pregnancy, sarcofoetal—g. Simple, Preg-
nancy, solitary—g. Solitaire. Pregnancy, solitary
— g.  Trigiminale, Pregnancy,  trigeminal—g.
 Triple, Pregnancy, trigeminal—g. Titbaire,  Preg-
nancy, tubal— g. Utiro-abdomina/e, Pregnancy,
utero-abdominal—g. Utiro-orarienne, Pregnancy,
utero-ovarian—g. Utiro-tubaire, Pregnancy, ute-
ro-tubal.
  GROSSULARIA, Ribes uva crispa—g. Nigra,
Ribes nigrum—g. Non spinosa,  Ribes nigrum—g.
Rubra, Ribes rubrum.
  GROTTO  DEI SERPI  (I.)  'Grotto  of ser-
pents.'  A grotto near Braccano, in Italy, filled
with warm water, to which invalids, affected with
skin diseases, resort.
  GROUILLEMENT D'EXTRAILLES, Bor-
borygmus.
  GROUND  BERRY,  Gaultheria —g.  Holly,
Gaultheria—g. Ivy, Gaultheria, Glechoma  hede-
racea— g. Nut,  Arachis  hypogea, Pignut — g.
Pine,  Teucrium  chamaepitys — g. Pine, French,
Teucrium iva.
  GROUNDIE  SWALLOW, Senecio.
  GROUNDSEL, Senecio —g. Tree,  Baccharis
halimifolia.
  GROUSEBERRY,  Gaultheria.
  GROWTH, from Dutch  groyen,  'to grow,1
Tncremen'titm, Crescen'tia, Anaplo'sis, Anaptyx'is,
(F.) Croissance,  Crtte.  The  development of  the
body; particularly in the direction of  its height.
Also, any adventitious tissue; thus, we speak  of
a morbid, growth or formation. See Development.
  GROZET-EYED, Goggle-eyed.
  GRUAU, Groats.
  GRUB, Larve, see Ectozoa.
  Gruks, Aene punctata.
  GRUEL, GRIT,  see Grits—g. Water, see Ave-
na,  and Grits.
  GRUFF, from Teutonic ge, and ruh, 'rough.'
In pharmacy,  the coarse  residue, which will not
pass through the sieve in pulverization.
  GRU3IEAU, Coagulum.
  GRUMOUS, Grumo'sns, (F.)  GrumelS, Grume-
lenx, from qrumns, 'a  clot.'   Clotted.
  GRUMUS, Coagulum.
  GRUTUM.   'Groats.'   Grutum 3filium,  3Iil'-
ium.  A hard white tubercle  of the  skin, resem-
bling, in  size and appearance, a millet-seed.   It
is confined to the face.  See, also, Groats.
  GRYPH'IUS  PES.  The Griffon's foot, (F.) 
GRYPHOSIS
436
GUMMI
Pied de Griffon,  An instrument of which  Am-
brose Pard speaks, which was used for extracting
moles from the uterus.
  GRYPHOSIS, Onychogryphosis.
  GRYPO'SIS, from ypvxour, 'I incurvate.'   In-
cnrrn'tio.   Curvature or crookedness in general.
Crookedness or incurvation of the nails.   See
Onychor/rt/posis.
  GRYPOTES, see  Grypus.
  GRYPUS.  One who has a crooked or aquiline
nose.  The condition is termed Gry'potes.
  GUA'CO, Hua'co.  The name of a plant, Eu-
pato'rium Guaco,  decribed by  Humboldt  and
Bonpland under the name Mika'nia Guaco,  Ord.
Compositas, which grows in the valleys of Mada-
lena, Rio-Cauca,  Ac, in  South America.   The
negroes use the juice against the bites of poison-
ous reptiles ;—both in the way  of prevention and
cure.  It has  been, of late, brought forward as a
remedy in cholera.
   GUAIAC, see Guaiacum.
   GUAIACI  LIGNUM, see Guaiacum — g. Re-
sina, see  Guaiacum.
   GUAIACINE, see Guaiacum.
   GUAI'ACUM, G. Officinale seu America'num,
 Lignum  vita  seu  sanctum seu benedic'tum seu
 Ind'icum, Palus sunctns, Hagiox'ylnm,(F.) Gayac,
 Gatac. Ord. Zygophylleas.  Tbe resin—Guaiaci
 Resi'na,  Guai'ac, (F.) Risine ou Gornrne de Ga'iac
 —and the wood—Guaici lignum—are both used
 in  medicine.   Their odour is  slightly fragrant;
 taste warm and bitter, of the resin more so than
 of the  wood.  The resin is  concrete,  brittle;
 colour, externally, greenish ; internally grayish.
 Water dissolves about  one-tenth; alcohol 95
 parts. It is soluble, also, in liquor potassa 15 parts,
 liquor ammonia 38  parts.  The powder is whitish,
 but changes  green in  the air.  The base of the
 guaiacum is a peculiar resin, called Guaiacine.
    Guaiacum  is stimulant a-nd diaphoretic; and
 in large doses, purgative.   It is administered  in
 chronic  rheumatism, gout, cutaneous diseases,
 and the  sequelas  of syphilis.   Dose of resin, gr.
 v to xx :—to purge, gr. xx to xl.
    Giiaia'cum sanctum, and G. angustifo'liumhave
 the same virtues as G. officinale.
    GUALTHERIA, Gaultheria.
    GUANO, — according  to  Tschudi, properly
 Htianu,—is formed of the excrements  of different
 kinds of marine birds—mews, divers, sheerbreaks,
 Ac, but especially  of the Sulci variega'ta.   It is
 found in enormous layers in the South American
 islands  of  the Pacific, and is used as manure.
    GUARANA. Paullinia.
    GUARANHEM, Monesia.
    GUARANIN, see Coffea Arabica.
    GUARAPO.   A fermented liquor made,  in
 Peru, of sugar-cane pulp  and water. It is a very
 favourite beverage of the negroes.—Tschudi.
    GUARD (for a bed), Alise.
 ■  '   ARERBA ORBA, Momordica elaterium.
  '•■■sf JAVA APPLE, Psidium pomiferum.
  V'cJUAYAVA, Psidium  pomiferum.
    GUAZA, see Bangue.
    GUBERNAC'ULUM   DENTIS, (gubernacu-
  lurn, 'a  rudder.')  A cord, which passes from the
 follicle of the permanent tooth along a small long
 canal behind the alveolus of the  milk tooth, and
 becomes continuous with the  gum.  The guber-
 naculum has been  supposed to direct the perma-
 nent tooth outwards.  The canal has been termed
 Iter dentis.
    Gubernaculum Testis, Gubernaculnm   testis,
 Hunteri, G.  Hunteri,  Hunteri Ligamen'tum sus-
 jrenso'rium Testis, (F.) Gouvernail du testicule. A
 triangular, fibro-cellular cord; which, in the foetus,
  arises from the ramus of the ischium and the skin
  of the scrotum, and proceeds to the posterior part
  of the testicle, before this organ  issues from the
abdomen. It has been supposed to be a continu-
ation  of the fascia superficialis with  muscular
fibres from  the internal oblique muscle,  which
pass upwards to the testis when in the abdomen ;
and by their contraction draw the  testis  down
and ultimately  form the cremaster muscle.
  GUEPE, Wasp.
  GUERISOX, Cure.
  GUERISSABLE,  Curable.
  67f/.Yiscumalbura—g.de Chene,Viscnm album
  GUIDER, Tendon.
  GUILANDI'NA  MORIN'GA, Hypcranthe'm
moringa.   A   plant,  Ord.  Legumiuosus,  which
affords the Ben nut, and the lignum  nephriliaim.
It is also called 3Iorin'ga Ole'if'era sen Zei/lan'icn
seu Nux ben.   Under the  name Guilandina  vu>-
ringa, Linnasus is said  to  have confounded  ill,,-
ringa pterygosperm'a  and 31. ap'tera.   Hyperan-
the'ra moringa is  a  synonyme of the former
species.  The nut Ben, Ben nux, Glans unguentit'-
ria, Balaniis  3Iyrep'sica,  San'dalum  caru'leiim,
 Oily Acorn or Ben nut, is a West India nut which
furnishes an oil,  O'leum Balaui'riurn,  Oil of Ren,
that does not become rancid by age, and is hence
used  by perfumers.   It is purgative.
   The wood of tbe Guilandina is called Lignum
Nephrit'icnm, and has been used in decoction, in
affections of the urinary organs.
   GUILLOTINE, TONSIL, Amygdalatome.
   GUILTY CUPS, Ranunculus acris.
   GU1MAUVE, Althaea—g. Veloutie, Hibiscus
abelmoschus.
   GULA, Oesophagus, Pharynx.
   GULiE IMBECILLITAS,  Pharyngoplegia-
g. Principium, Pharynx.
   GULLET, tEsophagus.
   GULLION, Colic
   GULOSUS, Glutton.
   GULSCHOCH, Icterus.
   GUM, ACAROID, see Xanthorrhoea—g.Anime,
 Anime—g.  Arabic, Acacias gummi—g. Artificial,
 Dextrin—g.  Bassora,  Bassora gum —g. Black-
 boy,  see Xanthorrhoea.
   Gum  Boil, Parulis.
   Gum, British, Dextrin —g. Butea,  see Butea
 frondosa—g. Caranna, Caranna—g. Dragon, Tra-
 gacantha—g. East India, see Feronia elephantum
 —g. Elastic, Caoutchouc.
   Gum of the Eye,  Chassie—g. Falling away of
 the,  Ulatrophia — g. Hemlock, see Pinus Cana-
 densis— g. Indigenous, Gummi nostras — g. Ivy,
 see Hedera helix—g. Juniper, Sandarac.
   Gum-Lancet, Dentiscalpium, Odontog'lyphon,
 (F.)  Dichaussoir.  An instrument  for separating
 the gum from the cervix of the  tooth, prior to
 extraction.  It is formed much like a fleam.  The
 operation itself is called Lancing the gums, Den'-
 tinm scalptilra, (F.) Dichaussem.ent.
    Gum,  Orenburg,  see  Pinus  larix — g.  Red,
 Strophulus.
    Gum Resin, Gummi resina.
    Gum,  Sandarach, Sandarac — g. Sassa, Sassa
 —g. Seneca, Acacias  gummi—g. Senega, Acacias
 gummi — g.  Shrinking of the, Ulatrophia — g.
 Sweet, Liquidainbar styraciflua — g. Tragacanth,
 Tragacanth.
    Gum Tree, Brown, see Kino.
    Gum,  White, Liquidambar  styraciflua,  Stro-
 phulus—g. Yellow, icterus infantum.
    GUMMA,  (F.)  Gomme.   An  elastic  tumour
 formed in the periosteum  occupying particularly
 the  cranium and sternum, and produced by tbe
 syphilitic virus, when it has been long in the con-
 stitution.  It is so called, because, when opened,
 it contains a matter  like gum.
    GUMMI, Comrni,  Koupi, (F.) Gomme.  An im-
 mediate principle of vegetables.   It is  a  solid,
 uncrystallizable, inodorous substance, of amawk- 
GUMMIDODES
4 3
7        GUTT.E  ABBATIS,  &c.
ish  taste,  unchangeable in the air, insoluble in
alcohol, but soluble in water, with which it forms
a mucilage.   It is obtained  from various species
of mimosa  and prunus; and consequently there
are many varieties of gum.   They are used in
medicines as demulcents,  emollients,  and relax-
ants, particularly in catarrh, intestinal irritations,
Ac; and in Pharmacy, they are employed in the
formation of  emulsions, pills, Ac.
  Gummi Acaci.e Akabice, Acacias gummi—g.
Acanthinum, Acacias  gummi — g.  Acaroides, see
Xanthorrhoea—g.  Adstringens Fothergilli, Kino
—g. Ammoniacum, Ammoniac—g. Anime, Anime
—g. .Arabicum, Aciicim gummi—g. Astragali Tra-
gacanthas, Tragacantha—g. Bogia, Cambogia —
g. Brelisis, Caranna — g. Copallinum, Copal — g.
Ebisticum. Caoutchouc — g.  Euphorbias, see Eu-
phorbia officinarum—g. Gamandras, Cambogia —
g. Gambiense, Kino — g. de  Goa, Cambogia — g.
Gutta, Cambogia — g. Hederos, see Hedera helix
—g. de Jemu, Cambogia — g. Juniperi, Sandarac
—g. Laccae, Lacca—g. Ladunum, see  Cistus cre-
 ticus—g. Lamac,  Acacias gummi—g. Laricis, see
 Pinus larix—g. Leucum,  Acacias gummi.
   Gummi Nostras, (F.) Gomme elu Pays; Indig"-
 enous  Gum.  These generic  names are given  to
 several species of gum, which flow spontaneously
 from certain  indigenous fruit trees, — such as the
 almond, cherry, peach, apricot, Ac  The indige-
 nous gums have nearly  the same properties  as
 gum Arabic; but they are inferior to it.
   Gummi Orenburgense, see Pinus larix—g. Pa-
 naris, see Pastinaca opoponax—g. ad Podagram,
 Cambogia.
   Gummi-Resi'na,  Gum-resin.  A milky  juice,
 obtained by making incisions  into the branches,
 stalks and roots of certain vegetables.  Gum-re-
 sins are compounds of resin, gum, often with es-
 sential oil, and different other vegetable matters.
 They are solid, opake, brittle,  of a strong odour,
 acrid taste, variable colour, and are heavier than
 water.  Water dissolves a part of them, and al-
 cohol  another; hence proof spirit is  the proper
 menstruum.   The generality  of  the  gum-resins
 nre powerful stimulants to the whole or to parts of
 the economy.  The chief are asafoetida, gum am-
 moniac, euphorbium,  galbanum, camboge,  myrrh,
 olibaniim, opoponax, scammony, aloes,  Ac
   Gummi Rubrum Aostringevs Gambiense, Ki-
 no, see Butea Frondosa—g. Seneca, Senegal gum
 —g. Senega, Senegal, gum — g. Senegalense. Se-
 negal, gum — g. Senicu, Senegal, gum—g. Sera-
 pionis. Acacias gummi — g. Tbebaicum, Acacias
 gummi — g. Tragacantha, Tragacantha—g. Ura-
 lensc, see Pinus larix.
   GUMMIDODES. Mucilaginous.
   liUMMIODES, Mucilaginous.
   GUM.MOSUS,  Mucilaginous.
   0 UMS. Gingivae.
   GUX-COTTON, see Collodion —g. c. Ethereal
 solution of. Collodion.
   GU N.I AII. see Bangue.
   GUXNERA PERPEN'SA.  A South  Afri-
 can plant, A'at. Ord. Urticaceas; the decoction of
 which is taken as a domestic remedy by the farm-
 ers, as a tonic in  dyspepsia.   A tincture has been
 used in gravel.  An infusion of the leaves is de-
 mulcent, and is employed in pulmonary affections.
 The leaves are applied fresh, to cure wounds and
 ulcers.
   GURGES. Pharynx.
   GURGITELLO," MINERAL  WATERS OF.
 A thermal spring in the isle of Ischia.  Temp, at
 its source, 176° Fah.   It contains carbonic acid,
carbonates of lime, magnesia,  iron and soda, sul-
phates of lime and soda, chloride of sodium and
silica.
   GURGLING.  'Gushing  with noise,' as water
from a bottle.  [V.) Gargouillement, same etymon
as gargle.  The rhonchus or rale heard  on aus-
cultation when there is a cavity in the lungs con-
taining pus.  It is the 'cavernous  rattle  or rhon-
chus,' Rale caverneux.  The size of the  bubbles
heard varies, and  hence the rhonchus has  been
called cavernous and cavern'uloiis, (F.) Rale ea-
vernuleux.  If the cavern be large, this rale will
nearly resemble the gurgling of a bottle (glouglou
d'une bottteille,-)  if, on  the  contrary, the cavern
be  small, it  will  not differ from the rale mu-
queux.
   GURGULTO, Penis, Uvula.
   GUSTATIF, (A'erfi,) see Lingual Nerve.
   GUSTATION, Degustation, Taste.
   GUSTATORY NERVE, see Lingual Nerve.
   GUSTUS,  Taste—g. Depravatus, Parageustia.
   GUT,  Gout, Intestine—g. Blind, Caecum.
   GUTS, SLIPPERINESS  OF THE, Lientery.
   GUTTA, Apoplexy, Cambogia, Gout.
   Gutta.  A Drop,  Stalag'ma, Alun'sel,  Stilla
(F.) Goutte.  A quantity of liquid, generally va-
lued, in pharmacy, at the weight of a grain.  Tbe
weight,  however,  varies according  to  different
circumstances, as  the degree of tenacity of the
fluid, and the extent of moist surface to which tbe
suspended drop is attached before it falls; and it
was found by Mr.  Alsop  to  be influenced by the
size of the bottle,  and the angle of inclination at
which it was held  during the operation of drop-
ping.  The following are some  of his results as
to  the number of drops required to measure a
fluidrachm, when dropped from a large and a small
bottle.
                       From a large From a small
                            bottle.    bottle.
(fgj) Diluted sulphuric acid ....24 drops K4 drops
     Scheele's hydrocyanic acid 35.......  70
     Distilled water...............31.......  54
     Solution of ammonia.......40.......  48
     Tincture of opium...........S4....... ].">5
     Rectified spirits.............100....... 130
     Tincture of chlorideof iron 100....... 150

   Gutta Gamandras, Cambogia—g. Gamba, Ca/n-
bogia—g. Opaca, Cataract.
   Gutta Percha, Gutta tttban, Gomme getta'riia.
The concrete juice of a tree—Isouarl el ra gutta—
which is indigenous in Singapore and its  vicinity,
and belongs  to the  Natural Order  Sapotaceas.
Plunged in boiling water it softens, when it may-
be moulded like  caoutchouc to  any form, which
it retains on cooling.  Splints and other instru-
ments have been  made of it.
   A solution of gutta percha in chloroform—Trau-
mat'icine — has been used with  advantage, topi-
cally, iu various  cutaneous  affections, scrofulous
and indolent ulcers, and as  an ectrotic in small-
pox.
   Gutta Rosacea Syphilitica, Crown of Venus.
   Gutta Ro'sea, G. Rosa'cea, Iorlthus corymb'-
ifer, Crusta  serpigino'sa seu prurigino'sa.  Acne
rosa'cea, Rose'ola  acno'sa,  Thylacii'tis, B  \ ' •"-»,
Biitiga,  Car'bunded Face, Rosy  Drop or L'.-si,
Copper-nose,  Bottle-nose,  Grog-blossoms,  O.
roses. Brandy-face, (F.)  Couperose, Goutte Rose,
Bourgeons,  Dartre  pustuleitse  couperose.   An
eruption  of  small,  suppurating tubercles, with
shining  redness,  and an irregular granular ap-
pearance of the skin of the part of the face which
is affected.  The redness commonly  appears first
at the end of the nose, and then spreads  on both
sides.  It  is often produced  by hard drinking.
Its cure  must be attempted by regular regimen,
and cooling means internally : weak spirituous or
saturnine  lotions  externally.   The  affection is
usually very  obstinate.
   Gutta Serena, Amaurosis — g. Tuban, Gutta
percha.
   GUTT.E ABBATIS  ROUSSEAU, Laudanum
abbatis Rousseau—g. Auiinouiaoi, see Ammoniao 
GUTTALIS CARTILAGO       138                GVTLIXG
gum—g. Aeidae tonicas, Elixir Acidum Halleri— ||
g.  Nervinae, Alcohol sulfurico-asthereus ferri.     j
  Gutt.k  Nigij.k,  Ace'tum  o'pii,  Common Black <
Drop.   (<>i>ii ,V'iij, aceti destillat. tbij. Infuse.)  I
  The celebrated Black Drop, Lan'caster or Qua-
kers Black Drop may be made as follows.  Take I
half a pound of opium sliced;  three pints of good
verjuice, (juice  of  tbe wild crab,) one and a half |!
ounce  of nutmegs, and half an ounce of saffron, j
Boil to a proper thickness, and add a quarter of a J
pound of sugar,  and two spoonfuls of yeast.   Set ':
the whole in a warm place, near the fire, for  six !l
or eight weeks;  then place it in the open air  un- I
tii it becomes a syrup.  Lastly, decant, filter, and !
bottle it up, adding a little sugar to each bottle. !
One drop  is equal  to three of laudanum; and it
is  nearly  devoid of all the unpleasant exciting
effects of the latter. An  analogous formula is
contained in the  Pharmacopoeia of the United
States under the name Ace'tum opii,  Vinegar of
Opium.
   GUTTALIS   CARTILAGO, Arytenoid Carti-
lage.
   GUTTERIA, Bronchocele.
   GUTTUR.   The throat; the  larynx;  the
trachea.
   Guttur Globosum, Bronchocele—g. Tumidum,
Bronchocele.
   GUT'TURAL,  Guttura'lis, from guttur, 'the
throat.'  Relating or belonging to the throat.
   The Superior Thyroideal Artery is sometimes
called Guttural Artery.
   A Guttural Cough is one occasioned by irrita-
tion of the larynx or trachea.
   A Guttural Sound is one produced, as  it were,
in the throat.
   GUTTURIS  OS, Hyo'ides os.
   GUTTURXIA.  Arytenoid  cartilages.
   GYMXA, Genital Organs.
   GYMXASION,  Exercise.
   GYMNA'SIUM, from yvpvos. 'naked.'  Palasb
tra.  An establishment amongst the ancients, in-
tended for bodily exercises, as wrestling, running,
Ac ;  a term now  used, in Germany more espe-
cially, for an academy or higher school.
   GYMNAST,  Gymnas'tes, Gymnas'ta; same
etymon.  The  manager of a gymnasium.  One,
whose profession it is to prevent or cure diseases
by gymnastics.
   GYMNASTICS, Gymnas'ticn, 3fedici'na gym-
nas'tica seu aiect'icn, Somascelics, (F.) Gymrias-
tique,  Sornuscitique.  Same etymon. That part
of hygienic medicine which treats of bodily exer-
cises.   It  is called 3Ied'ical Gymnastics.  The
ancients had also  Athlclie Gymnastics, and 3TH-
itary  Gymnastics.    Herodicus, of Selivrasa, first
proposed  gvmastics for the cure of disease.
   GY31NASTIQUE, Gymnastics.
   GYMNEU'RA  LACTIF'ERUM, Ceylon cow-
tree, Kiriaghinna.   A tree, of the Family Apocy-
naceae, the juice of which  is used by the Cinga-
lese as milk.
   G Y M N 0 C' L A D U S CANADEN'SIS, Coffee
 Tree,  Kentucky  Cerffee-bean  Tree,  31ahogany,
Nickar Tree, Bondue.  Order. Leguminosae ; from
yvixvos, ' naked,' and kX«<5o?,  ' a  branch.'   An in-
digenous  tree, which grows from Ohio to Louisi-
ana.   The leaves  are cathartic, and said to con-
tain cytisin. The seeds are a good substitute for
coffee.
   GYMNOGRAMME CETERACH, Asplenium
ceterach.
   GYMNOPTERIS  CETERACH,  Asplenium
ceterach.
   GYMNOSIS, Denudation.
   GYNjiE'CANER, from yvvn, yvvaiKos, 'a woman,'
and avyp,  'a man.'  Vir effoemina'tus. An effemi-
nate man.
   GYNECANTHE, Tamus communis.
  GYN^CATOP'TRON, from yvrri, yvvaiKos. 'n
woman,' and  Karo-mpov, ' a speculum.'  A specu-
culum  for  investigating the  female organs  of
generation.
  GYN.EGEA, Gynasceia.
  GY'NjECEI'A, Gynacla, Gynace'a, from yvvn,
yvvaiKos, ' a woman.'  The catnmenia ;—the lochia.
The diseases of women in general.—Hippocrates,
Galen, Foesius.
  GYN;ECEUM, Antimonium, Vulva.
  GYN^ECE'US, from yvvn, yvvatsos, 'a woman.'
Belonging to  women.   Female.  Feminine.
  GYNTECfA,  Gynasceia, Menses.
  GY'NiECOLOG"IA,  Gynecology,  from  yvvn,
yvvaiKos, 'a woman,'  and Aoyos, 'a description.'
The  doctrine  of the  nature, diseases, Ac.  of
women.
  GYNiECOMA'NIA, from yvvn,  yvvaiKos, 'wo-
man,' and  pavta, 'mania,'  'rage.'   That, species
of insanity, which arises from love  for women.
Some have used the word synonymously with
nymphomania.
  GYNECOMAZIA, see Gyneecomastus.
  GYNECOMAS'TUS,  Gyuacomas'thus,  from
yvvn, yvvaiKos, 'woman,' and pnaros, 'a breast.'
A man whose breasts are as  large as those of a
woman. — Galen, Ingrassias.  The condition is
called Gynecoma'zia.
  A considerable enlargement of the breasts of a
female was formerly called  Gi/nacomas'ton.
  GYNiECOMYS'TAX, from yvvn, yvraisos, 'wo-
man, and livara^, 'the  beard.'  The hair on  the
pubes of women.—Rolfink.
  GYNiECOPHO'NUS, from ywv, ywatsos, 'wo-
man,' and  ajurvrj, 'voice.'   A man who has an
effeminate voice.
  GYNANDRIA, Hermaphrodoity.
  GYNANDROP'SIS l'EXTAPHYL'LA, Ch„'.
ne pentaphylla.  Ord.  Capparidaceas; an indi-
genous plant, is possessed of  diaphoretic proper-
ties.   The juice alone, or mixed with oil, has been
used in earache.
  GYNANDRUS, Gynanthropus.
  GYNANTHRO'PUS,  Gynarldrus.   An her-
maphrodite who belongs more to  the male than
to the female  sex.
  GYNATRE'SIA, from yvvn, 'a woman,' and
arpnros, 'imperforate.'  Closure or imperforation
of the external parts of generation  of the female.
  GYNE. Female, Woman.
  GYNECOLOGIC Gynascologia.
  GYNIDA,  Hermaphrodite.
  GYNOARIUM, Ovarium.
  GYNOGARDIA ODORATA, Chaulmoogra.
  GYNOPLAS'TIC, Gynoj)las'ticus, from yunj,
' a woman,' and T:\aaaoi, ' I form.'   The gynoplas-
ty operation  is employed for  opening or dilating
the closed or  contracted genital openings of  the
female.
  GYPSY-WEED, Lycopus sinuatus, and L.Vir-
ginicus.
  GYRI CEREBRI, Convolutions (cerebral,) —
g. Cochleas, Scalas  of the  Cochlea — g. Intesti-
nales, see Anse.
  GYROMIA VIRGINICA,  Medeola Yirginica.
  GYROPHLE, see Eugenia caryophyllata.
  GYROPHORA, see  Tripe de Roche.
  GYRUS, Convolution — g. Intestinalis, Anse
intestinale.
  GYRUS  FORNICA'TUS,  'Arched convolu-
tion.' Fillet of the corpus callosum. A large con-
volution of the brain,  which  lies horizontally on
the corpus  callosum, and may be traced forwards
and  backwards  to the base  of the brain, termi-
nating by  each  extremity  at the  fissure of Syl-
vius.   The surface  of the  hemisphere,  where it
comes  in  contact with the corpus  callosum, ia
bounded by it.
  GYTLLNG, Infans. 
HABBERING             439        RMyl ATANGIONOSUS
                                            H


  nABBERING, Balbuties.
  IIAB-EL-KALIMBAT, Pistacia terebinthus.
  IIABBI, Hagenia Abyssinica.
  HABBLING, Balbuties.
  HABE'NA.   A Bridle, Tel'amon.   A bandage
for uniting the  lips of wounds; which, in many
instances, replaced the suture.—Galen.
  IIABENE OF THE PINEAL GLAND, see
Pineal Gland.
  IIABENULiE  OF  THE  PINEAL GLAND,
see Pineal Gland.
  HABIL'LA  DE  CARTHAGE'NA,  Bejuio,
Carthage'na Bean, (F.) Fere de Carthngene.  A
kind of bean of South America, famed as an ef-
fectual antidote for the poison of all  serpents, if a
small quantity be eaten immediately.
  HABIT, Habitu'do, from habere,  habitttm, ' to
have  or to hold;' Assuetu'do, 3los, Usus, Consue-
tn'do, Ethos, 't^is, Hexis, Ethmos'yne, (F.)  Habi-
tude, Accoiitumance.   Habit is the  aptitude for
repeating certain acts : — or, a facility, which re-
sults from the frequent repetition of the same act.
It is, according to vulgar expression, 'a second
nature'  Habit may  predispose to  certain  dis-
eases, or it may protect against them.  It ought
not to be lost sight of, in attending to the  pro-
gress of disease, or of its treatment.
   Habit of Body, Constitu'tio, Hah'itus, H. Cor-
poris, Catas'tasis, Hexis, Epiphanla, (F.) Habi-
tude extirieure, Habitude du corps.  The aggre-
gate of the physical qualities of the human body.
   HABITUDE, Habit — h. du Corps, Habit of
body—h. Extirieure, Habit of body.
   HABITUDO, Habit.
   HABITUS, Habit of body—h. Apoplecticus,
Apoplectic habit—h. Corporis,  Habit of body—h.
 Quadratus, see Apoplectic — h. Torosus, see Apo-
plectic
   HABROMA'NIA,from 'aSpos, 'gay,' and pavta,
'mania.'  Insanity in which the delusions  are of
a gay character.
   HACIIICH, see Bangue.
   HACHISCH, Bangue.
   HACKBERRY,  Celtis occidentalis,  Prunus
padus.
   HADDOCK, see Oleum jecoris aselli.
   H.EMA, 'atpa, 'atparos, ' blood.'
   ILEMACHROINE,  Hasmatine.
   ILE.MACHRO'SES, ( (G.) Hamachrosen,)
from hama, and ^patois, 'coloration.'  A family
of diseases in which the blood has its colour dif-
ferent from usual, as in purpura and cyanosis.—
Fuchs.
   ILEMACY'ANIN,  from  hama,  and  icvavos,
'blue.' A blue colouring matter, detected by San-
son in healthy blood, and in  bile by some che-
mists, but not by others.
  ILEMADON'OSUS, from hama, and voaos, 'a
disease.'   Hamatangion'osns, Hamatangionu'sus,
Hamatangio'sis.  Disease of the blood-vessels.
  H.EMADOSTO'SIS, from hama,  and oororots,
'  a bony tumour.'   Ossification of the blood-ves-
sels.
  1LF.MADROM0METER, Hasmodromometer.
  ILEMADYNAMETER, Hasmadynamonieter.
  H.EMADYNAMTCS,  (F.)  Himadynamique,
from hama. and Swants,' power.' The mechanical
tLeo.-y of the circulation of the  blood.
    IIM M A D Y N A M 0 M'E TER, Hamatodyna-
  mom'eter, Hamadynam'eter, Hamom'eter, Hama-
  tonleter, (F.) Himadynametre, Himometre ; from
  hama, ivvapis, 'power,' and perpov, 'a measure.'
  An  instrument  for  measuring the force of the
  blood in the  vessels.  It consists of a bent glass
  tube, the lower bent part of which is filled with
  mercury.  A brass  head is fitted into the artery,
  and a solution of carbonate of soda is interposed
  between the  mercury and the blood, which is al-
  lowed to enter the  tube for the purpose of pre-
  venting  its coagulation.  The  pressure of tho
  blood on the mercury in the  descending portion
  of the bent tube causes the metal  to rise in the
  ascending  portion;  and the  degree to which it
  rises indicates  the  pressure  under  which the
  blood moves.
    11A-1MAGASTER, Hasmatogaster.
    HiBMAGASTRIC PESTILENCE, Fever,
  yellow.
    H.EMAGOGUM, Pasonia.
    IlvEMAGO'GUS, from  hama, and  ayu,  'I
  drive off.'  A medicine  which promotes the men-
  strual and hemorrhoidal discharges.
    HAEMAL, from hama.  Relating to  the blood
  or blood-vessels.
    Hacmal  Arch.   The arch  formed by the pro-
  jections anteriorly of the ribs  and sternum from
  the bodies  of the vertebras.  It encloses the great
  blood-vessels.—Owen.
    Haemal  Axis, Aorta—h. Spine, Sternum.
    H^EMALOPIA, Hemophthalmia, Hasmalopis.
    H^MALOPIS, Hasmophthalmia.
    HJaiALOPS, Hasmophthalmia.
    HTEMAN'THUS  COCCIN'EUS.  A beautiful
  South African plant, A7at. Ord. Amaryllidea>, the
  bulb of which is employed as a diuretic.  It is
  given as an oxymel  in asthma and dropsy.  The
  fresh leaves  are antiseptic, and applied  to foul,
  flabby ulcers, and in anthrax.
    HiEMAPERITONIRRHAG"IA, (F.) Hima-
  piritonirrhagie; from  hama, ntptrovaiov, 'peri-
  toneum,' and payn,  'a violent rupture.'   An ex-
  halation of blood into the peritoneum.
    HiEMAPHiETN, Harnatopha.'um, Hamopha'-
  um, from hama, and tpatos, 'of a dusky colour.'
  A term applied by Simon to the  brown colouring
  matter of the blood, supposed by some to be no-
  thing  more than hasmatin modified by an alkali.
    HiEMAPH'OBUS, Hamoph'obus, from hama,
  and tpoQos, ' dread.'   One  who  has a dread  of
  blood:—who cannot look at it without fainting.
    H.EMAPOPHYSES,  Costal   cartilages,  see
  Costa.
    H/EM A PORTA,Hamatapor'ia,Hamatopor'ia,
  Oligoha'mia, Oliga'mia, from hama, and arropos,
  'poor.'  Paucity of blood.  See Anaemia.
    H^MAPTYSIS, Haemoptysis.
    HjEMAS,  'at/ras, gen. 'atpaios.  A blood-vessel
    H^MASTATICA, Hasmatostatiea.
    H^EMASTAT'ICS, Hamastat'ice, from hama,
  and arariKrj,  'statics.'   The  statics of  the blood
  and blood-vessels ; Hemastat'ics.
    H^MATANAGOGE, Hasmatemesis.
    HjEMATAL'LOS COPY, Harnatalloscop'ia,
j  from hama,  aXXoios, 'different,' and o-Ko-ntiv, 'to
J  view.'  The mode of distinguishing different kinds
I,  of blood from each  other.—Toddei.
||    H^EMATANGIONOSUS, Hasmadonosus. 
ELEMATANGIOSIS          44
  n.EMATANGIOSIS, Ilasmadonosus.
  H/EMATAPORIA, Hasmaporia.
  1LF.MATAPORRHOSIS, Cholera.
  HiEMATAPOSTE'MA, from hama, and anoa-
Ti-.na,  ' an abscess.'   An abscess which  contains
blood.
  H-EMATAULICA, Vascular system.
  ILEMATEC'LYSIS, Hamotex'ia, Hamotex'is,
liamutolysis, Hamatosep'sis, San'guinis dissolu'-
tio; from hama, and ckXvcis, 'loosening.'  Disso-
lution of the blood.
  HiEMATEL^EUM, see Blood.
  H^SMATEM'ESIS, from hama, and  cpcio, 'I
vomit.'   Tlamorrhilgia Hamatem'esis,  Vorrlitus
crnen'tiis, Vorrlitus seu Vomil'io San'guinis, Gas-
trorrhag"ia, Gastro-hamorrhag"ia, Hamorrhag"-
ia ventric'uli, Hamorrhoe'a ventric'uli, Hametta-
rutgo'ge, Vomiting of Blood, (F.) Himcttimese, Vo-
missement  de sang.   Hastnatemesis is generally
preceded by a feeling of oppression, weight, and
dull or  pungent pain in the epigastric and in the
hypochondriac regions;  by anxiety, and, occa-
sionally,  by syncope. Blood is  then passed by
vomiting, and sometimes, also, by stool,—the blood
being generally of a grumous aspect.   Haemate-
mesis may be active or passive, acute or chronic.
The blood effused proceeds from rupture of vessel,
 or  from  a sanguineous  exhalation at  the sur-
face  of the  mucous membrane  of the  stomach.
 It  is often observed in females whose menstrual
 secretion is irregularly performed.  It is not of
 much danger, except when connected  with dis-
 ease of some of the solid viscera of the  abdomen.
 On dissection of those who have died from pro-
 tracted hasmatemesis,—for the acute kind is com-
 paratively devoid of danger,—the mucous mem-
 brane of the stomach is found red and inflamed,
 or black, and  the vessels  considerably  dilated.
 Complete abstinence from  food;  rest;  the hori-
 zontal  posture ; bleeding, if the hemorrhage be
 active: cold, acidulous drinks, Ac, constitute the
 usual treatment.
    1LEMATENCEPHALUM, Apoplexy.
    H/EMATEPAGOGE, Congestion.
    ILEMATERA, Hepatirrhosa.
    HjEMATERUS, Sanguine.
    ILEMATERYTHRUM, Hasmatin.
    H^EMATEXOSTOSIS, Osteosarcoma.
    H^EMATHIDROSIS,  Sudor cruentus.
    HyEMATHORAX, Hasmatothorax.
    HjEMATIC,  Sanguine — h. Crystals, Haema-
  toidin.
    HALMATIASIS, Hasmatonosus.
    H^IMAT'ICA,  from  hama.  Diseases of the
  sanguineous function:—the third class in  the
  nosology of Good.   Also, medicines that act on
  the  blood.—Pereira.
    H.ematica Doctrina, Ilasmatology.
    H^MATICUS, Sanguine.
    ILEMATIDROSIS, Sudor cruentus.
    HjE'MATIN, Hamatlna, Henlatine, Ha'ma-
  tasin,  IT, nlatosine,  IIarnater'ythrum,  Hamer'y-
  thrum, Zoohenlatin, Hcmachro'in,  Hematocro'ine,
  Gli'adine,  Phoe'nodine,   Phu'iiicine,   Hamato-
  chro'ite,  Cru'orin, Rubrin,  Glob'ulin  of some;
  Rouge du Sang ; from hama.   The red colouring
  matter of the blood.  It resides in distinct parti-
  cles or globules, and, in the opinion of some ob-
  servers, in the envelope  of the  globules. It ap-
  pears  to be of  a peculiar character, and one that
  lias not  yet  been  determined by the  chemist.
  That  the colour of the blood  is not owing to the
  peroxide of iron which  it contains  is shown by
  the fact mentioned  by Soberer, that he removed
  tbe iron by acids, and yet a deep red tincture was
  formed when alcohol was added to the residuum.
0             II-F.MATODES
  HjEMATIN'IC, Hamatiilicus : from hamatin,
'the red colouring matter of the blood.'  An agent
that augments the number of red corpuscles of the
blood.—Pereira.
  HiEMATINIC CRYSTALS, Hasniatoidin.
  ll,EMATINUS, Sanguine.
  H.EMATIS'CHESIS,  Jlamis'chesis, Barno-
crypllia, from  hama, and  ta^ttv, ' l0 suppress.'
The retention or suppression of a natural or arti-
ficial flow of blood.
  H^EMATISMUS, Epistaxis, IlasmoTrhagia.
  HiEMATISTII'MUS, from hama, and todpos,
'pharynx.'  Hemorrhage into the pharynx.
  H^EMATrTES,#<p»(«f/'//»', from 'atpa, 'blood,'
Resembling blood.  Lapis Hamatltes.  A beau-
tiful ore  of iron, called also, Bloodstone, O'chrcu
rubra,  Ox'ydum fer'riaim  crystalliza'tum natl-
vum, Ferrum Ilamatites.  When finely levigated,
and  freed from the  grosser  parts, by frequent
washings with water, it has  been  long recom-
mended  in hemorrhage, fluxes, uterine obstruc-
tions, Ac, in doses of from one scruple to three or
four.   Also, a vessel that contains blood, 'atpart-
tis tl>\iip.
   1LF.MATMUS, Gaz sanguinis.
   HyEMATOCATHAR'TK'A,  from  hama, and
Kadapais, ' purification or purgation.'   Remedies
for purifying the blood.
   HiEMATOCE'LE, from 'atpa, 'atparos, 'blood,'
and Kn\n, 'tumour.'   A tumour formed by blood.
By some, this term has  been applied to a tumour
formed by blood, effused into the areolar texture
of the scrotum.   Others have used it for tumours
arising from effusion of blood into the tunica va-
ginalis:—hasmatocele, according  to them, differ-
ing from hydrocele, only in the character of the
effusion.—Heister.   Others, again, have applied
it to  effusions  of blood into the interior of the
tunica albuginea itself. — Richter.  The first  is
 the  usual  acceptation.  It  is  most commonly
 caused by wounds or contusions ;  and requires
 the use of antiphlogistics, discutients, Ac.  Some-
 times  it is necessary to evacuate the effused blood.
   Hematocele Arteriosa, Aneurism.
   HyEMATOCEPH'ALUS, (F.) Himatoeiphale.
 A monster in which an effusion of blood  on the
 brain  has  given occasion to more or less singular
 deformities.
   HJ3MAT0-CEREBRIF0RM  DISEASE, En-
 cephaloid.
   H^EMATOCHE'ZIA, from  hama, and ^u,  'I
 go to  stool.'   Sedes cruen'ta,  Cutarrhex'is  cera,
 Enterorrhag"ia simplex,  Diarrhie'u  omenta seu
 sangiiinoleu'ta,Ha'mato-diarrhoe'a,Haiuia'i hag"-
 ia intestino'rum, En'tero-hamorrhatf'ia, (F.) Bi-
 morrhagie des intestins, Econlement de sang par
 I'Intestin.   Discharge  of  blood by  stool.  See
 Melasna.
   H^EMATOCHROITE, Hasmatin.
   HiEMATOCIIYSIS, Hasmorrhagia.
   HiEMATOCCE'LIA, from  hama, and  Kotha,
 'the  cavity of the abdomen.'  Effusion of blood
 into the abdomen.
   HiEMATOCOL'PUS, from  hama, and ioAttoj,
 'vagina.'   Effusion  of blood into  the  vagina.
 Accumulation of blood, owing to occlusion of  the
 vagina.
    H.EMATOCRYSTALLIN,  Hasmatoidin.
    H7EMAT0CYAN0PATHIA,  Cyanopathy.
    ILEMATOCYANOSIS, Cyanopathy.
    H^EMATOCYSTE,  Hasmatoma saccatum.
    IliE.MATOCYST'IS, from  him,,,, and kvotis,
 'bladder.'  Hemorrhage into the bladder.
    HJLMATO'DES,  HamutoVdes,   Sungnin'eiis,
 Ha'matoid,  Hem'atoid,  from hama, and itlos,
 ' appearance.'   That which contains blood, or has
 the oharacter of blood. 
II.EMATODIARRIICEA        441          H-E M ATORRHCE A
  H i: matches  Fungus,  Hamatomy'ces, Fungus
cancro'sus hamato'des, 3Tela'na fnngo'sa careino'-
des, Angidiosporl gus, Angioiny'ces, llamatospoil-
gus, Tunior fungo'sns sanguin'ens seu anom'alus,
Curcino'iita  Ilamato'des,  Careiiio'ina Spungio'-
miiii, S/rmlgoid inflammation, Pulpy or  31 ed'Hi-
lary Sareo'iua, /Heeding Fungus, Soft Cancer, (F.)
Carciudinesanglunt, Hiiuatoncicfongoide. An ex-
tremely alarming carcinomatous affection, which
was first described, with accuracy, by Mr. John
Burns, of Glasgow.  It consists in the develop-
ment of cancerous tumours, in which the inflam-
mation is accompanied with violent heat and pain,
and with fungus and bleeding excrescences. Even
when  the diseased part is extirpated at a  very
early  period, recovery rarely follows; other or-
gans being generally implicated  at the same time.
Fungus hasmatodes was the  term first applied to
the disease by Mr. Hey of Leeds.  Air. J. Burns
called it Sporigoid inflammation, from the spongy,
clastic feel, which peculiarly characterizes it, and
continues even after ulceration  has  taken place.
The disease has, most frequently, been met with
in the  eyeball, the upper and lower extremities,
testicle and  mamma;  but it occurs in the uterus,
ovary, liver, spleen, brain, lungs, thyroid gland,
and in tbe hip and shoulder-joint.
   Some French surgeons designate, by this name,
those tumours which were formerly termed anor-
males,  cavernenses, variqneuses, called Erect ilea
by Dupuytrcn, Himatoncies, by Alibert, and Te-
langiectasia by Gr'afe.
   ll^EMATODIARRUffiA, Ilasmatochezia.
   I[yEMATODYNAMOMETER,Hasmadynamo-
meter.
   1I.EMAT0GASTER, from  hama, and yaarrip,
'stomach.'  Effusion of blood into the stomach.
   1I/EMAT0GENETICA, Hasmutopoetica.
   H.EMATOGLOBULTN, see  Globules of the
blood.
   ILEMATOGRA'PIIIA, Hamatog'raphy,  from
hama, and yuaipri, 'a description.'   A description
of the blood.
   HiEMATOID, Hasmatodes.
   ILEMATOlD'IN, Hamatocrys'tallin, Hama-
tin'ic,  hamatic,  hamin or  blood  crystals,  (F.)
Uimato'iiline, Crystaux d'Himatine.  A substance
found in the midst, or in  the vicinity, of effusions
of blood,  which  is either  in amorphous masses,
or, more frequently, in minute rhomboidal crys-
tals, or in fine needles.  It is  considered to be
bematosin separated  from the  globules of  the
blood,  and passed from the state of a non-crystal-
lizable organic substance to one of a crystalline
chemical compound.
   H.EMATOL'OGY, TTematoV'ogij,Hamatolog"'ia,
Ha mat'ica doctri'na, (F.)Himatologie, from hama,
and Aoyo,, 'a discourse.'  That  part of medicine
which treats of the blood.
   Hematology, Patholog"ical, (F.) Hi.rnatolo-
gie pathologique.  Observation  of the blood to
detect  its  varying characters in  disease.
   H.EMATOL'YSES,  (G.)   Hamatolysen,
from hama,  and Xvats, 'solution.'  An order of
diseases in which there is diminished coagulabi-
lity of the blood.— Fuehs.
   II.EMATOLYSIS. Hasmateclysis.
   ILEMATOLl'TICUM, Spanasmic.
   H.EM VTO'.MA. Thrombus,  Tumor sanguin'eus.
A bloody tumour, especially of the  scalp of the
uew-born.
   H.kmato'ma SaccCtum.  An  encysted tumour
containing hlood—Hamatocys'te.
  ILEMATOMANTI'A, from  hama, and uavreta,
'divination.'   Judgment of disease from the  ap-
pearance of the blood.
  H-EMATOMATRA, Metrorrhagia.
  ILEMATOMETACHYSIS,  Transfusio  san-
guinis.
  ILEMATOMETRA, Metrorrhagia.
  H^EMATOMMA, Hasmophthalmia.
  HiE.MATOMPHALOCE'LE,  Hamatom'pha-
lurn, Ha.malompha'his,  from  hama, opcha\os, 'the
navel,' and K-fkri, 'a tumour.'  Umbilical  hernia,
the sac of which  encloses  a  bloody  serum,  or
which  has, at its surface, a number of varicose
veins;  constituting Vuricom'phalus.
  H.EMATOMPHALUM, Hasmatomphalocele.
  HiEMATOMYCES, Hasmatodes fungus.
  HvEMATON'CUS, (F.)IIimatoncie, from hama,
and oyKos, 'a tumour.'  Alibert has given this
name to A'aci. mater'ni, Varicose tumours.  He
admits  three  varieties: — the H. fonyoide, H.
framboieie, and H. tubireuse.
  HiEMATON'OSUS, Hamatlasis, Hamatopa-
thi'a, Hamopathla, from hama, and voaos, 'dis-
ease.'   A  disease  of the blood.  A  hamie  or
blood-disease.
  ILEMATOPATHIA, Hasmatonosus.
  H^EMATOPEDESIS, see Diapedesis.
  H M M A T 0 P E RIC A R'D I U M, from hama,
and nepiKapStuv, 'pericardium.'  Effusion of blood
into tbe pericardium.
  H^EMATOPILEUM, Hasmaphasin.
  ILEMATOPHIL'IA, Ilamophilia, Hamorrho-
philiu,Idiosynera''siahamorrhag''ica, from hama,
and 0iAtu), 'I love.'  A hemorrhagic diathesis.
  HiEMATOPHLEBES'TASIS.   Sudden  sup-
pression of a hemorrhage ; —from aruots 'aiparos
0Ae/?wv, 'suppression of the blood of the veins.'—
Galen.
  ILEMATOPHOBTA, Hamophob'ia,  from ha-
ma, and ipofios, 'dread.'  Dread  or horror at the
sight of blood, producing syncope, Ac.
  HA3MAT0PHTHALMIA, Hasmophthalmia.
  H.EMATOPH'THORES,  (G.) Hamatoph-
thoren;  from hama, and tpdopa,  'corruption.'
An order of diseases in the classification of Fucbs,
in which the  blood is materially altered in com-
position, as in typhus.
  ILEMATOPTSIS,  (F.) Himatopisie.   M. Ca-
puron, of  Paris, has applied the term Himatopisie
utin'ne, from  analogy with Hydropisie uterine, to
a, collection of blood which sometimes takes place
in  the uterus, when,  owing to faulty  conforma-
tion, the exit of the menstrual flux is prevented.
  ILEMATOPLA'NIA,  Ilamatoplane'sis,  from
hama, and rrXavn, ' wandering.'   A vicarious he-
morrhage.
  HjEmatoplania Menstrualis, Menstruation,
vicarious.
  H^EMATOPLASMA, Liquor sanguinis.
  HiEMATOPLETHORA, Plethora.
  H.EMAT0P03A, Hasmatopoetica.
  H^EMATOPOESIS, Hasmatosis.
  H.EMATOPOET'ICA. Hamatopce'a, Hamato-
qenct'ica,  'bloodmakers,' from hama,  and irouttt,
'I make.'   Agents that favour hasmatosis.  Iron
was called by the ancients metal'lum hamatopoet'-
icum.
  H.EMATOPOIESIS, Hasmatosis.
  H-EMATOPORIA, Hasmaporia.
  H-EMATOPS, Hasmophthalmia.
  IL.EMATOPSIA, Hasmophthalmia.
  H^EMATOPTYSIA, Hasmoptysis.
  H-EMATOPTYSIS, Hasmoptysis.
  H.EMATORRHACHIS, Apoplexia myelitica.
  H.EMATORRHAGIA, Hasmorrhagia.
  H^EMATORRIIOZA, Hasmorrhagia. 
HJEMATORRHOSIS
  H^MATORRHOSIS, Cholera.
  1LEMATORRHYS1S, Hasmorrhagia.
  H-EMAT0SCHE0CE'LE,//<z»ioscneoce7e,.H<z-
matos'cheum, from hama, oaxeov, 'scrotum,' and
K17A7, 'rupture.'  Effusion of blood into the scro-
tum.
  HiEMATOSCIIEUM,  Hasmatoscheocele.
  II.EMATOSCOP'IA, Hamoscop'ia, (F.) Himor-
rhoscopie, from hama, and OKoneio, ' I view.'   An
examination of blood drawn.
  HxEMATOSEPSIS, Hasmateclysis.
  H.EMATOSIN, Hasmatin.
  HASMATO'SIS,  Examato'sis,  Enhamato'sis,
Hamatopoie'sis, Hamatopoe'sis,  Procretltio  san-
guinis, Decarboniztl tion  or Atmospheriza' tion of
the  blood,  Sanguifica'tion; from  hama.   Tbe
transformation of the venous  blood and chyle
into arterial blood by respiration.  Called, also,
Aeration, and  Artcrializa'tion, of the blood. For-
mation of blood in general.
  HiEMATOSPILIA, Purpura hasmorrhagica.
  1J.EMAT0SP0NGU3, Hasmatodes fungus.
  H^EMATOSTATTCA, from hama, and arnriKr,,
'statics.'  Ischa'mia, Hamastat'iea, Hamatostal-
ics,  Hamostalics, Hematostat'ics,  Hemostat'ics,
En a'ma,  (F.) Himatostatiques, Hiniastutiques,
Himostatiques.  The doctrine  of the motion  of
the blood in  living  bodies.  Also, remedies for
stopping blood.   Styptics.
  HiEMATOS'TEON, from hama, and  oarcov, 'a
bone.'  Effusion of blood into the bones  or joints.
  HiEMATOSYMPHORESIS, Congestion.
  H/EMATOSYNAGOGE, Congestion.
  IliEMATOTELANGIOSIS, Telangiectasia.
  IUEMATOTHO'RAX,  Hamatho'rax, Hamo-
tho'rax,  Hamop'tysis inter'-na, Pleurorrhoe'a Ban-
guin'ea,Pleurorrhag"ia,Pneiunorrhag"ia inter'na,
Hemorrhag"ic I'leu'risy, Pleural  hem'orrhage,
from  hama, and Qtapa\, 'the chest.'   Extravasa-
tion of blood into the chest.
  H.EMATOXYLON, II. Campechianura.
  H^EMATOX'YLON  CAMPECHIA'NUM,
from hama, and i,v\ov, ' wood.' Aca'cia Zeyloilica,
Logwood.  The part of the tree used in medicine
is the wood, Hamatox'yli Lignum, Lignum Cam-
pecherlse seu Cumpechiilnnm  seu Campesca'num
seu Irt'dicum  seu Sappan seu Brasilitlniim ru-
brum seu caru'leiim, Ilamatox'ylon  (Ph.  II.  S.),
(F.) Bois de  Campeche.  Family, Leguminosae.
Sex. Syst.  Decandria Monogynia.   Logwood is
almost  inodorous; of a sweetish, subastringent
taste;  and deep  red colour.   Its virtues are ex-
tracted both by water and alcohol.   It  is  astrin-
gent  and tonic,  and is used in the protracted
stage of diarrhcea and dysentery.
  ILEMATOZO'A,  (F.)  Himatozoaires,  from
hama, and $urov, 'animal.'  Entozoain the blood.
  H.EMATURESIS, Hasmaturia.
  HiEMATU'RIA,  Hamature'sis, from  hama,
and ovpeor, ' I make urine.'   Voiding of blood by
urine.  Haniorrhag"ia   hamatu'ria,  H. ex  viis
urina'riis, Harnure'sis, Hamu'ria, 3Iictio Cruetlta
seu Sanguin'ea, 31ietus  Cruen'tus seu Sanguineus,
HtFuiorrha'a  via'rum  nrinaria'rum,  Sanguis in
 Urlna,  Bloody urine,  (F.) Pissement  de Sang,
Hirnaturie.  Hemorrhage from the mucous mem-
brane  of the  urinary passages.  Like  other he-
morrhages, it  may be active or passive.  It may
proceed  from  the kidneys, Nephramorrhag"ia,
bladder, or urethra.   The essential  symptoms
are:—blood, evacuated  by the urethra; preceded
by  pain  in the region of the bladder or kidneys,
and accompanied by  faintness.  Whencesoever
it proceeds, hematuria usually takes  place  by
exhalation.   Rupture of vessels is by no means
H/LMOMETR ECTASIA
 common in the mucous membranes.   Active ha.
 maturia requires general  or local  blood-letting;
 diluent  and cooling drinks;  absolute rest;  and
 the horizontal posture.   The chronic  kind  is
 more  troublesome.   It requires  acidulated  or
 aluminous  drinks;   chalybeates and tonics  in
 general.   When  hasmaturia  is  excessive, cold
 injections may be thrown into  the rectum or into
 the vagina of women, and topical applications be
 made  to the perinasum.
   Hematuria Cystica, Cystorrhagia—h. Ejacu-
 latoria,  Spermatocystidorrhagia—h. Semiiudis,
 Spermatocystidorrhagia—h. Stillatitia, Urethror-
 rhagia.
   HyEMATUS, from hama, and ovs, gen. uroj,
 'the ear.'   Effusion  of  blood into the ear.
   H^EMAXIS, Blood-letting.
   H^EMEXCEPHALUS,  Apoplexy.
   H^EMEXDOCAR'DIUM, (F.) Himcndocarde,
 from hama, and 'endocardium,' the lining mem-
 brane of the heart.   Inflammation of tho  lining
 membrane of the heart.
   H^EMERYTHRUAI, Hasmatin.
   HiEMIC, Ha'miens,  from hama, 'blood.' Re-
 lating or  appertaining to blood;  as a  "hasmic
 disease,"—a blood disease.
   H^EMIDROSIS,  see Diapedesis.
   HiEMIN CRYSTALS,  see Hasmatoidin.
   HiEMISCHESIS, Hasmatischesis.
   H^EMI'TIS, from 'atpa, 'blood,'  and  itis,  a
 suffix  denoting inflammation.   Inflammation  of
 the blood.   (F.) Himite.  The alteration  of tho
 blood that  occurs  in  inflammatory diseases.—
 Piorry.
   HiEMO-ARTHRITIS,  Rheumatism (acute).
   HyEMOCARDIORRHAG"IA,i/ffi»loc«)'(//»m,
 Apoplex'ia cordis,  Apoplexy of the  heart, (F.)
 Himorrhagie ou Apoplexie du  Coeur,  Himocari/e,
 from hama, KapSta,  'the heart,'  and  'pnyvupt, • I
 break forth.' Effusion of blood into the substance
 of the heart.
   H^EMOCARDIUM,  nasmoeardiorrhagia.
   HjEMOCERCH'NOS.  This term has  received
 two acceptations, owing to the different  senses
 in which Kip%vos  is  employed; signifying, some-
 times, hissing;  at  others, dry.   Consequently,
 the Hellenists have translated the compound
 word, at times, by spitting of blood, with hissing
I in the throat; at others, by  evacuation of  dry
 matters.
   HiEMOCRYPHIA,  Hasmatischesis.
   HiEMODES, Sanguine.
   H/EMO'DIA, Hamodias'mus, Hemo'dia, He-
 betu'do seu Stupor Den'tiuin, from 'aipuiew, ('aipa,
 'blood,'and oHovs, 'tooth,') 'I have  pain  in the
 teeth.'  Pain  in the teeth, and more especially
 Agacement, or  the setting on edge of  those bodies
 by  acid or  acerb substances.   It  is also called
 Odon'tia Stupo'ris,  Odontal'gia hamo'dia, Dolor
 den'tium d strido're, Cataplcx'is, Odontamblyoij'-
 mus, Odonthyperasthe'sis,  Tooth-edge.
   HiEMODIASMUS,  Hasmodia.
   H^EMODROMOM'ETER,  Hamadromom'eter,
 from hama, Spopos,  'course,' and pitrpov, 'a mea-
 sure.'  An instrument for measuring the rate of
 the blood's movement.   It consists of a glass
 tube, 52 inches long, containing water, bent  into
 the form of a  hair-pin, which is substituted for a
 segment of the bloodvessel, the velocity  of the
 blood in which it is required  to measure.  The
 column  of blood, which comes  from the heart,
 pushes the column of water before  it, and thu.J
 enables  the velocity of the blood to be estimated.
   1LEM0IDES, Sanguine.
   II^EMOMETRECTA'SIA, from hama, jojrpa,
4 
II.EMOPATIIIA            443           H^MORRHAGIA
'uterus,'  and tKraais, 'dilatation.'   Dilatation of
tbe womb from 'dm d.
  1I.KMOPATHIA, Hasmatonosus.
  H^EMOPERICAR'DIUM, Pericarditis exsu-
dato'iia, (F.) Himo])iricarde, from  'atpa, 'blood,'
and pericardium.  Effusion  of blood  into  the
pericardium.
   HiEMOPERITON^E'UM,  from   hama,  and
rtepiTovaiov, 'peritoneum.'  Effusion of blood  into
the peritoneum.
   HiEMOPEX'LE, (G.) Hamopexien, from
hama, and -nnits,  'coagulation.'   An  order of
diseases  in which  there is increased coagulabi-
lity of the blood. — llyperino'sis  san'guinis.—
Fiicbs.
   1LEM0PIIEUM, Hasmaphein.
   HAEMOPHILIA, Ilasmatophilia.
   HOMOPHOBIA, Hasmatophobia.
   ILEMOPIITH AL ' MIA,  HamatophthaVmia,
Hamatop'sia,  from hama,  and oipdaXpos, 'eye.'
Hamuli,'pia, Hamalo'pis, lla'rnalops, Hypa'mia
sou Apoplex'ia oc'uli.  Effusion of blood into the
eye.   When the  extravasation is  external,  it  is
called Hamophthalmia  exter'na, Hyposphag'ma
and Ilamalops externus; when internal, Hantoph-
tliulmia iuttr'na, Hydrophthalmus  emeritus,  Hy-
pocllysis harnato'des, Hamatorn'ma, and lla'rna-
lops inter'nus.  A blood-shot eye.
   ILEMOPLANIA MENSTRUALLS, Menstrua-
tion, vicarious.
   HOMO PLETHORA, Plethora.
   ll.EMOPROCTIA, Hasmorrhois.
   1LEM0PT0E, Haemoptysis—h. Laryngea  et
Trachealis, Tracheorrhagiu.
   1LEMOPTOSIS, Hasmoptysis.
   HjEMOP'TYSIS, from  hama,   and irrum,  'I
spit.'  Spitting of blood, Hamorrhag" ia Hamop'-
tysis,  Hamap'tysis, Hamatoptys'ia, Hamatop''-
ti/sis, Emp'toe, Emop'toe, Empto'ica pas'sio,  Ha-
iiitiptys'mns, Hamopto'sis, Sputum  sang'uinis seu
cruen'tum, Sau'giiiuis fluor pulmo'num, Emopto'-
iea pas'sio, Hamotis'mus, Hamorrhoe'a pulrnona'-
lis, Cruen'ta exspni'tio, Hamorrhag" ia pulmo'His
seu broilchica,  Pas'sio  hamopto'ica,  llejec'tio
sung'uinis e pulmo'nibus, Expectora'tio suny'uinis,
Pneumoii-rhag"ia,Pneumonorrhag"' ia, P neurnonor-
rhat'a, Brouchorrhag"ia, Emp'tysis, Hamop'toe,
(F.) Himoptysie,  Crachement de sang, Expectora-
tion de sang, Angiairhimie, Angiairrhagie, Hirno-
angiairrhagie. — Piorry.  Hemorrhage  from the
mucous  membrane of  the lungs;  characterized
by the expectoration  of more or less  florid  and
frothy blood.  It is  generally preceded by cough;
dyspnoea; sense of heat in  the chest, Ac.  It is
important to  discriminate  between  hasmoptysis,
produced by some  accidental cause acting irre-
gularly or  periodically on the  lungs;  and  that
which is, as it  were, constitutional, and dependent
on some organic  affection  of the lungs, or some
faulty conformation of  the  chest.  These  two
varieties  differ as much in their prognosis  and
method of treatment as in  their causes.   Consti-
tutional  hasmoptysis is a serious disease, almost
always announcing phthisis pulmonalis.  The ac-
cidental  variety is chiefly dangerous by frequent
recurrence, or too great loss of  blood.
   The general causes of hasmoptysis are the same
as those  of  other kinds of hemorrhage.   It has,
besides, particular  causes; such as  too  great ex-
ercise  of the  lungs; loud speaking; playing on
wiud  instruments,  breathing acrid  vapours,  Ac.
It usually occurs between  puberty and the  age
of 35.  A sudden  and terrific kind of haemoptysis
is sometimes  met  with;  consisting  in  a great
afflux  of blood to  the  lungs.  This  has been
Called Pulmonary Ap'oplexy, Apoplex'ia pulmo-
ua'lis sen pulmo'num, Pneumorrhag"ia, Infarc'tus
hamorrhag" icus pulmo' num, I. hamopto'icus Lain-
nec'n, (F.) Apoplexie piilmonaire, Himoptysie fou-
droyantc, Himorrhag'ie interstitielle du Poumon.
Infiltration of blood into the air-cells may occur
without any hasmoptysis.
  Physical  signs.  Percussion  may not  always
aid us in hasmoptysis, but generally  a circum-
scribed dulness will be perceived.   The inspira-
tory murmur, on auscultation, is feeble or absent,
locally;  and is replaced by bronchial respiration
and bronchophony.  A fine liquid crepitus is de-
tected around  the affected part; and in the larger
tubes, near the spine, a liquid bubbling rhonchus
is usually heard.  The value of these signs is de-
termined by the nature of the expectoration. Tbe
treatment of hasmoptysis must be like that of in-
ternal hemorrhage in general.
  Haemoptysis Interna, Haematothorax—h. La-
ryngea et Trachealis, Tracheorrhagia—h. Phthi-
sis, Phthisis pulmonalis.
  H.EMOPTYSMUS, Hasmoptysis.
  H^EMORMESIS, Congestion, Hyperemia.
  HEMORRHACHIS, Apoplexia  myelitica.
  HEMORRHAGE, Hasmorrhagia.
  HJEMORRHAG'TA, from hama, and pnyvvpt,
' I break forth.'  San'guinisproflrlvium copio'sum,
Sanguifiux'us, Hamatocllysis, Aimorrhw'a, Ha-
morrhoe'a, Hamatorrhag"ia, Hamotis'mus, Ha-
matorrhoe'a, Hamator'rhysis, Hamorr'hysis, Pro-
fin'vium  seu  Prorup'tio seu Eruptio  sanguinis,
Profiu'sio Sang'ninis, Hem'orrhage, Hamorrhage,
Bleeding, Loss ofi blood, Rupturing, bursting, or
breaking of a  blood-vessel,  (Prov.) Floating, (F.)
Himorrhagie ou Himorhagie, Perte de sang,  Flux
de  sang.  Any discharge  of blood from  vessels
destined to contain it; with or without rupture of
their coats.  Hemorrhages  may be spontaneous or
traumatic : tbe first belong to the domain  of me-
dicine, the latter to that of surgery.  They  may,
also, be  internal or  external;  general — as  in
scurvy—or local.  The hemorrhages by exhalation
— those  which chiefly  interest  the physician —
have been classed, by Pinel, as follows : — 1. He-
morrhage of the Mucous 3Iernbranes;  Epistaxis,
Hasmoptysis,  Hasmatemesis, Hemorrhoids,  Has-
maturia, Uterine Hemorrhage.  2. Hemorrhage of
the Tissues; Cutaneous, Cellular, Serous, Synovial.
  Hemorrhages have generally been distinguished
into active and passive : in other words  into those
dependent upon augmentation of the organic ac-
tions,  and those  dependent upon debility.  Ac-
cording to Broussais, no spontaneous hemorrhage
is passive; all are active, — that  is, produced  by
increased action  and excess of irritation of the
blood-vessels : they may occur  with debility, but
not  from debility.   He calls those only passive
hemorrhages, which  are owing  to  an external
lesion of the  vessels.   Hemorrhages have been,
by some, divided into constitutional, or those de-
pending  on original conformation: — accidental,
or those produced by some adventitious  cause;
supplementary, or those which  succeed others;
symptomatic, critical, Ac.   A  secondary  hemor-
rhage is one that occurs some time after wounds
or operations.
  When  hemorrhage takes place into any tissue,
or is interstitial, it receives the name, with many,
of apoplexy.
  Active Hemorrhage, Hemorrhag"ia acti'va seu
arterio'sa,  Cauma   hamorrhag'icum,   Angeior-
rhag"ia, occurs chiefly in the young and pletho-
ric  Good living; the use of fermented liquor—
excessive exercise,  or  too  sedentary a  life,  may
perhaps be ranked as predisponent  causes.   It is
commonly preceded by heaviness and  pulsation
in the  part, — owing to the afflux  of blood and
consequent hyperasmia,—and by coldness of the
extremities.   The blood, evacuated, is  generally 
H/EMORRHINIA            4
of a florid red.   In such active hemorrhages, the
great  indications of treatment will be, to dimi-
nish plethora where it  exists, and to lessen the
heart's action.   Bleeding,  purgatives, and  cold,
will be the chief agents.
  Passive Hemorrhage, Hamorrhag"ia passi'va
seu veno'sa, Profiu'sio. P. hamorrhag"ica, occurs
in those of weak constitution ; or who have been
debilitated by protracted disease, poor diet, long
watching, excessive evacuations, Ac
  The direct causes may be: — previous  active
hemorrhage ; scorbutus, or any  thing capable of
inducing  atony or asthenic  hyperasmia  of the
small vessels.  These hemorrhages are not pre-
ceded by excitement or by any signs of local de-
termination. They are usually accompanied  by
paleness of the  countenance ; feeble pulse ; faint-
ing, Ac.   The indications of treatment will be:—
to restore the action of the small vessels and the
general tone of the system:  hence the utility of
styptics and cold externally ; and of tonics and
astringents, creasote, mineral  acids, Ac, inter-
nally.   Hemorrhage also occurs from mechanical
hyperasmia, as  when haemoptysis is produced  by
tubercles in the lungs: hasmatemesis by  disease
of  some of the solid viscera of the abdomen, Ac.
   In  Traumatic Hemorrhages, or those which are
the consequences of wounds of arterial or  venous
trunks, the blood is of a  florid red colour, and
issues by jets and  pulses, if it proceed from  an
artery; whilst it is of a deeper red, issues slowly
and by a continuous flow, if from a vein.   If the
capillary  vessels be alone divided, the blood is
merely effused at the surface of the  wound.   Of
the means used for arresting these traumatic he-
morrhages, some act mechanically as absorbents,
ligature, and compression ; others chymically, as
fire, caustics, /creasote, astringents, Ac
   Hasmorrhagia Activa  Narium,  Epistaxis--
h. Bronchica, Hasmoptysis—h. Cerebri, Apoplexy
■—h. per Cutem, Sudor cruentus — h. per  Diasre-
sin, see Diaeresis—h. per Diapedesin, Diapedesis—
h.  Faucium, Stomatorrhagia — h. Gingivarum,
Ulorrhagia—h. Hasmatemesis, Hasmatemesis—b.
Hasmaturia, Hasmaturia — h.  Haemoptysis, Hae-
moptysis— h. Hepatica, Hepathasmorrhagia — h.
Hepatis, Hepatorrhagia — h. Intestinorum, Has-
niatochezia—h. Mucosa, see Hasmorrhois—h. Na-
bothi, see Parturition—h. Narinea, Epistaxis—h.
Narium, Epistaxis—h.  Oris,  Stomatorrhagia—h.
Penis, Stimatosis—h. Pulmonis, Hasmoptysis—h.
Renum, Nephrorrhagia—h. Universalis, Purpura
ri;«morrhagica--h.  Uterina,  Metrorrhagia — h.
Ventriculi, Hasmatemesis — h. Vesicas, Cystorr-
bagia.
   H.EMORRHINIA, Epistaxis.
   H.EMORRHINORRHAGIA, Epistaxis.
   HiEMORRHffi'A, from hama, and ptor, 'I flow.'
Haniorrhag"ia,  Loss  of  blood.  Some  writers
have  proposed to restrict this  name to  passive
hemorrhages.
   HjEmorrhcea Petechialis, Purpura  hasmor-
rbagica—h. Pulmonalis, Haemoptysis—h. Uterina,
Metrorrhagia — h.  Vasorum  hasmorrhoidalium,
Hasmorrhois — h. Ventriculi,  Hasmatemesis — h.
Yiarum urinarium, Hasmaturia.
   H.EMORRHOI'DAL. Hemorrhoidal, Hamor-
rlro'r.da'lis, Hamorrho'i' dens.   Relating to hemor-
rhoids :  as hemorrhoidal flux,  hemorrhoidal  tu-
mours, Ac.
   Hemorrhoidal Arteries  have been  distin-
guished  into superior,  middle,  and  inferior.   1.
The first is  the termination of the  inferior me-
senteric artery, which assumes the name superior
hemorrhoidal, when it reaches the upper and pos-
terior part of the rectum.  2. The middle hemor-
rhoidal, is furnished by the hypogastric or inter-
nal pudic  It  ramifies on tbe inferior and  ante-
rior part of the rectum.  3. The inferior hemor-
                                t
4            H.EMORRHOIS
rhoidal arteries  are  branches of  the internal
pudic, furnished to the inferior part of the rectum
and to the muscles of the anus.
  Hemorrhoidal Nerves.  These emanate from
the sciatic and hypogastric plexuses ;  audi over
the rectum with their numerous filaments.
  Hemorrhoidal Veins follow the same distri-
bution, and  generally empty themselves into the
lesser mesenteric.  Some of them  assist in tho
formation of the hypogastric vein.
  Hemorrhoidal Vessels,  Yasa  seda'lia, are
those vessels which are distributed to the rectum
—the seat of hemorrhoids.
  ILEMORRHOIDALES NODI, Hasmorrhois.
  ILEMORRHOIDES,  see  Hasmorrhois —h.
Cascas, see  Hasmorrhois — h. Fluentes, Hasmor-
rhois— h. Furentes, see Hasmorrhois — b. Maris-
cosae, Ilaemorrhois—h.  non Fluentes, Hasmor-
rhois—h. Oris, Stomatorrhagia.
  H^EMORRHOIDRO'SIS, from 'atpoppots, 'he-
morrhoids,'  and  'iSpurtris, 'sweating.'  Sweating
of hemorrhoidal blood. [?]—Bock.
  H/EMOR'RHOIS, Aimor'rho'is, Asclepias'mrts,
from hama,  and peo>, ' I flow.'  Aimor'ro'is, Proc'-
tica 3Iaris'ca, Maris'ca, Proctalgia Hamorrho'i-
da'lis,  3lorbus Hamorrhoidulis, Piles, Enlerods,
(F.) Himorrhoides.   The  essential symptoms of
this  affection are: — Livid and painful tubercles
or excrescences,  (Hemorrhoid'al  Tumours,) usu-
ally attended with a discharge of mucus or blood,
(Hemorrhoid'al flux, Proctorrhoe'a, Hamoproc'liu,
Ilamorrhce'a vasorum  hamorrhoiila'liurn, (F.)
Himaproctie.)  The most common causes of piles
are a sedentary life;  accumulation of fasces in
the rectum; violent  efforts at stool; pregnancy,
Ac.  The precursory symptoms are: — pains in
the loins; stupor of  the lower limbs; and un-
easiness in the abdomen and rectum, with more
or less gastric, cerebral, and indeed general dis-
order ; — constituting the Diath'esis Haninrrhoi-
da'lis,  3Iotus  seu Turba Hamorrhoida'lis, and
3loli'men Hamorrhoida'le, of most of the writers
of Continental Europe.  To these symptoms fol-
low one or more round, smooth, renitent, painful,
pulsating, and erectile tumours, around the mar-
gin of  the anus, or within the anus; some pour-
ing  out  blood   occasionally.  After having re-
mained, for  a time, tense and painful, they gra-
dually shrink and  disappear.  The chief symp-
toms, occasioned by hemorrhoidal tumours, when
much inflamed,  are ;—constant pain, liable, how-
ever, to exacerbations, and to become augmented
by the least pressure, or by the passage of the
fasces,  and  obliging the patient  to preserve the
horizontal posture.
   Haemorrhoids have generally been distinguished
into — Hamorrho'ides Fluetltes  seu 3larisco'sa,
Proc'tica  3Taris'ea  cruen'ta,  Bleeding or Open
Piles; and  into H. non fluen'tes, Proc'tica  31a-
ris'ca  caca, Hamorrho'i'ties cceca seu furen'tes,
Haniorrhoida'les nodi, Shut or blind piles. They
have, also, been  divided into internal or occult,
and external, according  to their situation; and
into accielental or constitutional.
   Hemorrhoidal Tumours are extremely trouble-
some, by their disposition to frequent recurrence;
and they are  apt  to induce  fistula;  otherwise,
they are devoid of danger.  When anatomically
examined, they are found not to  consist in a va-
ricose  dilatation of the veins of the rectum;  but
to be  formed of a very close, spongy,  texture;
similar to that  which surrounds the orifice of the
vagina;  and  to be erectile, like  it.   They are
surrounded by a delicate membrane, and have no
internal cavity.  The treatment,  in mild cases of
hemorrhoidal tumours, is simple.  Rest; the ho-
rizontal  posture; the use  of mild laxatives, aa
sulphur, castor oil, and  emollient  glysters, will 
IT.EMORRIIOISCHESIS      443
HAIR
be sufficient.   If they be much inflamed, leeches
may be applied ; and  warm  cataplasms or cold
lotions, according to circumstances, be prescribed,
with abstinence, and cooling drinks.  Afterwards,
nn  ointment,  composed of powdered  galls and
opium, may afford  relief.  It is  in  the  relaxed
kind, that such ointment, and the internal use of
 Ward's Paste, can alone be  expected  to  afford
much benefit.   If,  after repeated  attacks, the tu-
mours remain  hard and  painful, and  threaten
fistula, they may be removed.
   By Hemorrhoidal  Flux, Fluxus hamorrho'idel-
lis.  Proctorrhag"ia, is meant the  hemorrhage
which takes place from tbe rectum, owing  to he-
morrhoids.  It is a common affection.  Tbe  quan-
tity of blood  discharged is various :  at times, it
is very trifling;  at others, sufficient to induce
 great debility, and even death.  It is announced
and accompanied by the  same symptoms as pre-
cede and  attend hemorrhoidal  tumours.   Like
other hemorrhages  it may be active or passive ;
accidental  or  constitutional.   The  prognosis  is
rarely unfavourable.  The affection  may, almost
 always, be relieved  by properly adapted means.
 These resemble such as  are necessary in hemor-
 rhages in general.   Perfect  quietude, — mental
 and corporeal; light diet; cooling drinks; bleeding
 if the symptoms indicate it; astringents, (if the
 disease be protracted  and passive,) such as tbe
 Tinctura  Ferri  Chloridi;  aspersions  of cold
 water on the anus :  astringent injections;  plug-
 ging and compression.  Such will be the principal
 remedial agents.   AVhen the  hemorrhage has be-
 come habitual, or is vicarious, some caution may
 be required in checking it; and, if inconvenience
 arise from  a sudden suppression, its return may
 be solicited by the semicupium, sitting over warm
 water, aloetic  purgatives, glysters, irritating sup-
 positories,  Ac.; or leeches may be applied  to the
 anus.
   To the internal bleeding pile, a soft, red, straw-
 berry-like  elevation of the  mucous  membrane,
 Dr. Houston,  of Dublin, gives the name vascular
 tumour.  For  its removal he recommends the ap-
 plication of nitric acid, so as to produce slough-
 ing of its'surface.
   Some authors have described a, species of Leu-
 corrhoj'a Ana'lis or whitish  discbarge  from the
 anus, which often attends ordinary haemorrhoids.
 This they have called  Proctica maris'ea muco'sa,
 Hamor'rho'is  alba, Hamorrhag"ia muco'sa, Leu-
 cor'rhois, Ae.   It requires no special mention.
   The term Hemorrhoid is applied  at times  to
 varicose veins developed  elsewhere, as  at the
 orifice of the  uterus.  See Mctricmorrhoides.
   Hasmorrhois ab  Exania,  Proctocele—h. Pro-
 cedens. Proctocele.
   ll.EMORRHOIS'CHESTS,  from   'atpoppois,
 'hamorrhois,'  pern, 'I flow,' and ta-^iur, 'I restrain.'
 Reten'tio fluxus hamorrho'ida'lis. Suppression or
 retention of the hemorrhoidal flux.
   ILEM()RRHOPHE'SIS,^/Mor/)'<("o sang'uinis,
 from hama, and potpuu,  ' I sip up.'  Absorption
 of blood.
   H/EMORRHOPHILIA, Hasmatophilia.
   HiEMORRHOSCOPIA, Hasinatoscopia.
   H.EMORRHYSIS,  Hasmorrhagia.
   H.EMOSGHEOCELE, Hasmatoscheocele.
   HiEMOSCOPIA, ILvmatoscopia.
   HEMOSTASIA, see Hremospastie.
   H.EMOSPAS'TIC,  (F.)  Hirnospasique,  from
hama, and  a-mur, 'I draw.' An agent which  draws
or attracts blood to a. part;  as  a cupping-glass.
The operation  is termed Hamospa'sia, (F.) Himos-
pasic.  It  is  generally applied  to  a process  by
which the  air is exhausted  over a  considerable
surface, as over one or more of the extremities,  ij
by an appropriate pneumatic apparatus.         II
'}   lUEMOSTA'STA, Hamos'tasis. Epid'esis, San'-
 guinis stagna'tio,  (F.)  Himostasie, from  hama,
 and oruois, 'stagnation.'  Stagnation of blood.
 This name has, also, been given to any operation,
 the object of which is to arrest the flow of blood.
   HEMOSTATIC, PAGLIA'RI'S,   Pagliarls
 Styptic, (F.) Eon de Pagliari.  A styptic liquor,
 said to be of great power, discovered by M. Pag-
 liari, a pharmacien at Rome.  It  is composed as
 follows : — Eight  ounces of tincture  ofi benzoin,
 one pound of alum, and ten pounds of water are
 boiled together for six hours in a glazed earthen
 vessel, the vaporized water being constantly re-
 placed by  hot water, so as not to interrupt the
 ebullition,  and  the resinous mass  being  kept
 stirred round. The fluid is then filtered, and
 kept in stoppered bottles.  A drop of the fluid,
 poured into a glass containing human blood, pro-
 duces an instantaneous magma
   HEMOSTATICS, Ha>matostatica.
   HEMOTELANGIOSIS, Telangiectasia.
   HEMOTEXIA, Hasmateclysis.
   HiEMOTEXfS,  Hasmateclysis.
   II EMOTHORAX, Hasmathorax.
   HEMOTISM US, Hasmoptysis.
   HEM OT'ROPHY, llamotropllia ; from hama,
 and  rpoipt},  ' nourishment.'  Excess  of sangui-
 neous nourishment.—Prout.
   HEMUEIA, Hasmaturia.
   HEMURESIS,  Hasmaturia.
   HEMYDOR, Serum of the blood.
   HEMYDRIA, Hydroasmia.
   HEREDITARILY,  Hereditary.
   IIESITATIO, Balbuties.
   HEVEA  GUIANENSIS, see  Caoutchouc.
   HAG, Abdomen.
   HAGAltD, Haggard.
   HAGBERRY, Prunus padus.
   HAGE'NIA ABYSSINTCA, Bray'era anthel-
 mirlticei, Bank'sia Abyssin'ica.   An  Al)3rssinian
 tree; Order, Rosacea';  Sexual System, Icosandria
 Digynia,  which  the  natives  plant  round  their
 habitations, as an ornament.   The infusion or de-
 coction of its flowers, Flares cosso, is employed by
 them as an  anthelmintic, especially in cases of
 tape-worm.   It is  called, there,  Cusso or Cousso,
 Kosso, Kousso, Kooso,  Ktvoso, Cotz, Cabotz,  and
 Habbi.
   HAGGARD,  (F.)  Hagard.  The French use
 the term  Air hagard, CEil  hagard,  'Haggard
 air,' ' Haggard eye,'for a pi^'siognomy, in which
 there is at once an expression  of madness  and
 terror.
   HAGIOSPERMUM, Artemisia santonica.
    HAGIOXYLUM, Guaiacum.
    HAHNEMANNISM, Homoeopathy.
    HAIL, Chalaza.
    HAIR, Sax. haeP,  Crinis, Pilus,  Thrix, Pile,
  (F.) Poil.   A conical, corneous substance, the free
 portion or shaft, scupiis, of which issues to a greater
  or  less distance  from  the skin,  to the tissue of
  which it adheres by a bulb, Bulbus pili, seated in
  a hair follicle—follic'ulus  pili—made by  an
  inversion  of the integument, the epidermis of
  which forms a "root sheath," vagina pili.  At
  the base of  the  hair  follicle, there  is a small
 papilla,  well  supplied  with  bloodvessels  and
 nerves, Papilla  pili;  at times  called, but im-
 properly, Pulpa seu Blaste'rna pili.  The  hair re-
 ceives various names in different parts—as Beard,
  Cilia, Eyebrows,  Hair of the head, (Cttpilli,) Ac.
    Hair  Dye, Twiggs's.  A preparation much
 used to give colour to the hair.  It may be formed
 of precipitated sulphur and acetate of lead, each
 J5J  ;  rose  water,  f^ivj  triturated together in  a
 mortar.  It should be  applied twice a day, until
 the desired effect is pioduced. 
HAIRY
44 6     IIAMAMELIS  VIRGINIANA
  Hair, Falling off of the, Alopecia.
  Hair Follicle, see Hair.
  H.via,  Matted, Plica —h. Plaited, Plica — b.
Trichomatose, Plica—h. Worm, Seta  equina, see
Ectozoa—h. Worm, muscular, Dracunculus.
  HAIRY, Pileous.   Also, covered with hair.
  HAKE, see Oleum  jecoris aselli.
  HAL,  Salt.
  HALA'TION, Hala'tium; diminutive of 'a\s,
'sal.t.'  A  pungent  remedy, with the  ancients,
which contained salts.
  HALCHEMI'A.  The alchymists so called the
art of fusing salts : from 'aXs, ' salt,'  and ££«, ' I
pour out.'—Libavius.
  HALCYON, Alcyon.
  HALCYONIUM ROTUNDUM, Pila marina.
  HALE,  Ephelides.
  HALEIXE, Breath—fc. Courte, Dyspnoea.
  HALELE'OX, Halela'um,  from  'aXs,  'salt,'
and cXaiov, 'oil.'  Oleum  Sali mixtum.  A mix-
ture of oil and salt, for removing swellings of the
joints.—Galen.
  HALETERATION,  Alteration.
  HALF-CASTE, Half-Cast, see Caste.  A term
applied,  in India, to the  offspring of a Hindoo
and a European. Since, extended  to the offspring
of mixed races.  The subjoined list from Tschudi's
Travels in Peru,  1838-1812, shows tjie parent-
age of the different  varieties  of  half-casts, and
also the proper designations of the latter,  as ob-
served in South America.

           Parents.             Children.
White Father and N'ejrro Mother,  Mulatto.
White Father and Indian Mother,   Meztizo.
Indiau Father and Negro Mother.   Chino.
White Father and Mulatta  Mother,  Cuarteron.
                              (Creole, (ouly distin-
                               guished  from the
                               white   by  a pale
                               brownish complex-
                               ion.)
White Father and China Mother,  Chino-blanco.
White  Father  and Cuarterona < q  • ,
  Mother..................................\      ' '
White Father  and Quintera Mo-) white
  ther......... .............................|
Negro Father and Mulatta Mother. Zambo-negro.
Negro Father and Meztiza Mother, Mulatto oscuro.
Negro Father and China Mother,   Zambo chino.
Negro Father and Zamba Mother. { ^^T) ^
Negro Father and Cuarterona  or f Mulatto (rather
  Quintera Mother...................\ dark.)
Indian Father and Mulatta Mo-j ChInaKMCur0i
  ther.......................................|_
x  ..   t. .u      i at  .-    \r C Mestizo-claro (fre-
Indian Father and Meztiza Mo S qilentlyTeryb;au.
  ther........................................( tiful.)
Indian Father and China Mother,   Chino-cholo.
Indian Father  and Zaraba Mo-J Zambo.claro.
  ther.......................................|
Indian Father with China-cliola t~ Indian(with rather
  Mother...................................1 short frizzy hair.)
Indian Father and Cuartefoua or f Meztizo (rather
  Quintera Mother.....................\ brown.)
Mulatto Father  and Zamba Mo-t Zambo (a misera-
  th«r..................................... \ ble race.)
Mulatto Father and Meztiza Mo-V Chino  (of  rather
  ther........................................\ clear complexion.)
Mulatto Father and China Mother, Chinofratherdark.)

   See Mulatto.
   HALICA, Alica.
   HALICACALUM, Phvsalis.
   HALICES, Pandiculation.
   HALIDRYS VESICULOSA,  Fucus vesicu-
losus.
   HALINA'TRUM,  Halinltriim, Halonltrum;
from 'aXs, ' salt,' and natrum or natron.   A name
given by the ancients to  subcarbonate of soda,
containing a little   subcarbonate  of  ammonia,
which  is found, ready-formed, on  the  plaster of
damp walls, in  places inhabited  by man or aui-
inals.  Also, Potass* nitras.
  HALINITRUM, Ilalinatrura.
  HAL1X US, Saline.
  HAL'ITUOUS, Ilalituo'sus, from halitus, 'va-
pour.'  (F.) llalitueux.  The skin is said to bo ha-
litueuse,  when covered with a gentle moisture
The vapour, exhaled in  all the cavities of tho
body,  so  long as the blood is wium, is called
Halitus.   The odorous  vapour, exhaled by the
blood itself whilst warm, is  called Halitus Sttn'-
guinis.
  Halitus,  Breath — h.  Oris  Fcetidus,  Breath,
offensive—h. Sanguinis, Gaz sanguinis.  See 11a-
lituous.
  HALL,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.   Tho
springs of Hall, in Upper Austria, contain iodine.
  HALLUCINATIO HYPOCHONDRIASIS,
Hypochondriasis—h. Vertigo, Vertigo.
  HALLUCLNA'TION, Halhicina'tio, Haluchia'-
tio, Ealhlcia, Illu'sio, I.  sensils, Socor'elia. Alu'-
sia, Allucina'tio, Parora'sis, Somnia'tio in statu
riif'ili, Ido'lum,  Waking dream, Phantasm, from
albiciuari or hallucinari, allucinatus, ' to be de-
ceived.'   A morbid error in one or more of the
senses.   Perception of objects, which  do not in
fact exert any impression on tbe external senses,
Hallucination or delusion almost  always, if not
always, depends  on disorder of the brain, but is
not an index of insanity, unless the patient be-
lieves in the existence of  the subject of the hal-
lucination.
  HALLUS, Pollex pedis.
  HALLUX, Pollex  pedis.
  HALME, Muria.
  HALMYRIS, see Muria.
  HALMYRO'DES,  Salsugino'sus, Salsu'gi-
nous, from 'aXpvpis, (raXpr}> ' sea-water,' 'aXs, 'salt,')
'a salt liquor/ saltish.  An epithet given to any
affection,  in which the heat  feels pungent under
the finger of the physician.—Hippocrates.
  HALMYRUS, Saline.
  HALO, Areola.
  Halo  Signa'tus.  The impression  made by
the ciliary processes on the anterior surface of the
vitreous humour.   So called from its  consisting
of a circle of indentations.—Sir C. Bell.  Called
by  Haller,  Stria  ret'ina   subjecla  Ugainen'to
cilia'ri; by Winslow, Sulci cilia'res,
  HALODERE'UM, from'aAs, 'salt,' and Sepatov,
'a collar,' (Sepn, 'neck.')   Colla'rium sal I num.
A collar of salt applied to the  neck, as in  cases
of croup.
  HALOGENE, Chlorine.
  HALOIDUM OXYGENATUM, Potassae  mu-
rias hyperoxygenatus.
  HALONIITIS,  Induration of the  cellular

  HALONLTRUM, Halinatrum.
  HALOPE'GE,  from   'aXs,  'aXos,  'salt,'  and
Ttrjyri, ' a spring.'   Mineral waters whose chief in-
gredient is common salt—chloride of sodium.
  HALOS, Areola.
  HALOT'YLE, Culcita sali'na, from 'aXs, 'salt,'
and rvXn,  'a bolster.'   A bolster or pillow of salt,
recommended in  croup.
  HALSBANE,  Clavicle.
  HALS. 'aXs, 'salt;'  hence Halogene, Haloid, Ac.
  HALSE. Throat.
  HALTE'RES.   Pieces  of lead held in  tbe
hands by  the ancients to  assist them in leaping.
  HALUCINATIO,  Hallucination.
  HALYCODES, Saline.
  HALYSIS  LATA, Bothriocephalus  latus —h.
Membranacea, Bothriocephalus latus—h. Solium,
Taenia solium.
  HAM,  Poples.
  HAMAME'LIS VIRGINIA'NA, H. Virgin'i-
ca seu maerophylla,  Witch hazel,  Winter witch
hazel,  Snapping  hazelnut,  Winter  bloom.   Ord.
Ilamamelaceae.   The bark  of this tree, which is 
IIAMARTHRITIS
447
HARROWGATE
a native of the United States, is somewhat bitter
and  sensibly astringent;  but it has  not  been
much used.  A cataplasm  of  tbe  inner rind of
the bark is said to have been found efficacious in
painful inflammation of the eyes.
  HAMARTHRI'TIS,  Holurthri'tis,  Catholar-
thri'tis,  Arthritis  universalis,  from  'apa, 'at
once,' and apiptrts, ' gout.'  Gout in all the joints.
Universal gout.
  HA.MCII, Coxofemoral articulation.
  HAM'MA, ATodus,  'a tie.'  A knot, used for
retaining  bandages on  any part. — Hippocrates.
A truss.
  HAMMERING, Balbuties.
  IIAMPSTEAD,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.
These  waters, situate  in the neighbourhood of
London, are a good chalybeate.
  HAMSTRING, To, see Hamstrings.
  HAMSTRINGS, (F.) Jarretiers.  The strings
or tendons of  the ham.
  The Hamstring Muscles are the biceps femo-
ris, whose tendon forms the outer hamstring ; and
the  semimembranosus, semitendinosus,  gracilis
and sartorius,  whose   tendons  form  the  inner
hamstring.
   'To hamstring' means to cut  the  strings or ten-
dons of the ham.
   HAM ULAR PROCESS,  see Hamulus.
   IIAM'ULUS.  Diminutive of hamus, ' a hook.'
A hook or crook: Ana's'tron.   Also, any hook-
like process; as the hamulus or hamular process
of the pterygoid  process  of the sphenoid  bone,
which projects from the termination of the inter-
nal pterygoid plate.
   Hamulus Lamina?  Spiralis, see Lamina spi-
ralis.
   HAMUS, see Hamulus.
   1IAXCHE,  Haunch.
   HAXOLETH, Malleolus.
   HAND,  Manus.
   IIANDWOMAN. Midwife.
   HAXDS, DROPPED, Hand-drop, Wrist-drop.
A popular term for the paralysis of the hand, in-
duced by the action of lead.
   II AND WRIST, Carpus.
   HANGERS, Crusta genu equinae.
   IIAXGXAIL, (old Eng.) Aqnail, (Prov.) Ang-
nnil, Stepmother's  blessing, Wirt-springs. Nail-
spring, Nang-nail, (F.) En vie.  A  portion of epi-
dermis, detached  so as to tear the  integument  in
the vicinity of the finger nails.
  HA.Y.VP.HA.YE, Hyoscyamus.
  IIAPANTIS'MUS.   Badly  formed  from  rras,
or 'anus, ' all.'  Oblitera'tio comple'ta.  The  mat-
ting or growing together of organic parts.
  HAPHE. 'atpn,  'feeling, touch.'  Hence:
  H.VPHON'OSI, Haphonn'si,  from  'atpn,  'the
touch.'  .Morbi tactus.   Diseases of the sense of
touch,
   HAPLOACNE, Acne simplex.
   MAPUOPATHI'A,  from 'anXos,  'simple.' and
itados, 'disease.'  Morbus simplex.   A  simple  or
uncomplicated affection.
  HAPLOTOMTA, Simplex sec'tio, Incis'io  sim-
pler, Opera'tio simplex, from 'anXos, ' simple,' and
ropn, 'incision.'   A simple  incision.
  HAPSIS, Touch.
  II A PTODYSPHORT A,   Tactus  dolorrficus ;
from 'atpn.  ' touch,' and Svafopos, ' difficult to be
borne.'  Painful to the touch.
  HAPTOGEN. Haptogenous.
  HAPTOGiiXF, Haptogenous.
  HAPTOii'EXOUS,  Haptoifenns, Hap'togen,
(F.)  Haptoi/ene, from 'arrui,  'I attach,'andytvvato,
'I engender.'   Ascherson calls tbe pellicle, which
forms around  fatty matter when  albumen is
brought in contact with it,  Haptogen  membrane,
(F.) Membrane haptogene.
<\   HAPTOTTCA, Haptolice, from  'atpn, 'touch.'
i The doctrine of the phenomena of  touch.
j|   HARD,  (G.) hart, Durus, Scleros, (F.) Dur.
 That which offers much resistance.   In anatomy,
 the hard parts are those which compose  the  os-
 seous basis of tbe body ; in other words, the skele-
 ton.  See Pulse,  hard.
   HARD'S  FARINACEOUS FOOD, see Fari-
 naceous.
   HARDESIA, Hibernieus lapis.
   HARDHACK, Spirasa tomentosa.
   HARE-LIP, Lagochi'lus, Lagos'toma, Lagorl-
 tomum, Lagerltomum, La'binm  Lepori'num, Olo •
 pho'nia Labii Loba'ta, Lepori'num rostrum, (Sc)
 Hareshaw, (Prov.) Haysca/e, (F.) Bee de Lievre.
 A fissure or perpendicular division  of one or both
 lips.  It has  been so called, in consequence  of
 the  upper lip of the hare being  thus  divided.
 Hare-lip is generally congenital; at other  times
 it is accidental,  or produced  by  a  wound, the
 edges of which have not been brought into con-
 tact, and  have  healed separately.   It is simple,
 when  there  is but  one division ;  double,  when
 there are two; and complicated, when there is, at
 the same time, a division  or cleft of  the superior
 maxillary  bone and of the palate— Cleft or fis'-
 sured palate,  Wolf's jam,  Pula'tum fissum,  Rictus
 luplnus;  or  a  projection of the  teeth  into the
 separation of the lip.
    In the Hare-lip operation, there  are two indi-
 cations to be fulfilled.  First, to pare, with the
 knife or scissors, the edges of the cleft, and,  af-
 terwards, to preserve them  in  contact; in  order
 to  cause adhesion.   This last  object is  accom-
 plished  by means of pins, parsed  through the
 edges  of the division ; in  other words,  by the
 twisted  suture.  The projecting teeth must,  of
 course, be  previously removed.   If there be sepa-
 ration of the palate, it will  become less  and less
 after the union of the lip, or the operation  of sta-
 phyloraphy may be performed upon it.
    Hare's  Ear,  Bupleurum  rotundifolium — h.
 Eye, Lagophthalmia.
    HARESHAW,  Harelip.
    HAUGXE, Hernia — h. Anivrysmale, Cirsom-
 phalus.
    HARICOT, Phaseolus vulgaris — h. Grand de
 Perou,  Jatropha curcas.
    HARMALIA, Aliment.
    HAR'MONY,  Harmo'nia,  Harmos, primarily
 from apttr, 'I adjust.'  Anatomists have called Su-
 ture by  Harmony, or' simply Harmony, False or
 superficial suture, Sutu'ra os sium  spu'ria, Com-
 pa'ges os'sium per lirlcarn sirrlplicem, an immov-
 able articulation, in which the depressions and
 eminences, presented by  the  bony  surfaces, are
 but slightly marked;  so  that  it  might be pre-
 sumed that the junction of  the bones took place
 by simple apposition  of their  surfaces.   An in-
 stance  of  harmony occurs in  the  union of the
 superior maxillary bones with each other.
    HARMUS, Articulation,  Harmony.
    HARNPAN, Cranium.
    HARRODSBURG SPRINGS, see  Kentucky,
 Mineral Waters of.
    HAR'ROWGATE, MINERAL WATERS OF.
 The villages of High  and Low Harrowgate are
 situate  in the centre of the  county  of York, near
 Knaresborough,  twenty miles  from  York, and
 fifteen  from Leeds.  Here  are several valuable
 sulphurous and chalybeate springs.   The sulphu-
 reous springs contain chloride of sodium, chloride
 of calcium, chloride  of magnesium,  bicarbonate
 of soda, sulphohydric acid, carbonic acid, carbu-
 retted  hydrogen,  and azote.   The  chalybeate
 springs contain protoxide of iron, chloride of so-
i diuni, sulphate of soda, chloride of calcium, chlo-
II ride of magnesium, carbonic acid, azote, and oxy- 
HARTFELL
448
HEART
gen.  For the former,  Harrowgate  is celebrated
and frequented.
  Harrowgate Salts,  Artificial,  are much
employed,  and not  unfrequently by  those  who !
drink the genuine water, for the purpose of in-
creasing its aperient power.   They may be made
as follows :—Sulph. Potass, cum Sulph. 3v.i >  Eo-
tass. bitart. ^j ; 3Iagnes.  Sulph. in pulv. ^vj- M.
The usual dose is a teaspoonful, in  a small tum-
blerful of tepid water,  early in the morning.
  Harrowgate Water, Artificial,  may be
formed  of common salt, t^v ;  u-ater, Oiij ; impreg-
nated with the gas from  sulphuret ofi jrotass, and
sulphuric acid, aa J;iv.  The following form has
also been  recommended.  R.  Sulphat. Potass.
cum sulph.  (Ph.  Ed.)  ^j ;  Potass, bitart. 3SS >
3Iagnes. sulphat. gvj ;  Aqua destillat. Oij.  One-
half to  be taken for  a dose.
  HARTFELL,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.
Hartfell Spa is about five miles from  Moffat, in
Scotland.  Tbe  water is a  chalybeate, and  is
much used.
  HARTSHORN, Cervus, Cornu cervi, Liquor
cornu  cervi — h. Red, Spiritus lavandulas com-
positus— h. and Oil, Linimentum ammoniae car-
bonatis.
  HARTS' TONGUE, Asplenium scolopendrium.
  HARTS'TRUFFLES,Elaphomycesgranulatus.
  HARTWORT OF MARSEILLES, Seseli tor-
tuosum.
  HASCHE, Pain.
  HASCHISCH, see Bangue.
  HASCHISCHIXP,  see Bangue.
  HASTA,  Penis — h. Nuptialis, Penis — h. Vi-
rilis, Penis.
  HASTELLA, Splint.
  HASTINGS, CLIMATE  OF.  This place has
the reputation of being  one of the mildest and
most sheltered winter residences on  the south
coast of England.   Owing  to  its low situation,
and the height  of  the neighbouring  cliffs,  it is
protected in a great degree  from  all  northerly
winds ;  and  hence is found a favourable residence
generally for  invalids  labouring  under diseases
of the chest.
  HASTULA REGIS, Asphodelus ramosus.
  HATFIELD'S TINCTURE,  see Tinctura Gua-
iaci ammoniata.
  HATTREL, Abscess.
  HAUNCH, Coxa, Coxerldix, of the  Latins;
aYXn' or l(,Xl0V' °f 'ne Greeks; Ancha. Isehiorr,
Osphys, Hip,  Cossa, (Prov.) Hubbon, Shoup, (F.)
Hanche. The region of the trunk which is formed
by  the  lateral parts of the  pelvis and the  hip-
joint, including the soft parts.  In women, on
account of the greater width of the  pelvis,  the
haunches are more  marked  and prominent than
in men.
  HAUSE, Collum, Throat.
  HAUSTEL'LATE, Haustella'tus, from hanrio,
haustum,' I drink up.'  An epithet for  the struc-
ture of mouth, which is  adapted  for drinking or
pumping up liquids.  Insects, which possess that
kind of mouth, are so  named.  Ehrenberg refers
the fancied  spermatozoon to the haustellate en-
tozoa.
  HAUSTRA COLI, see Colon.
  HAUSTUS, Po'tio, Potiun'cula.  A Draught.
A  liquid medicine, which  can  be taken  at  a
draught.
   Haustus Niger, see Infusum sennas.
   HAUT MAL, Epilepsy.
  HAVAN'A or HAVAN'NAH, CLIMATE OF.
The climate  of Cuba is often  selected for the
phthisical invalid during the winter months, and
so far as regards elevation and comparative equa-
bility of  temperature, it is more  favourable for
those  of weak  lungs than  that of the  United
States.   The  mean  annual temperature is  high
(7S°), but the difference between the mean  tem-
perature  of the  warmest and  coldest months is
twice as great as at Madeira.
  HAVERSIAN  CANALS, Canals, nutritive, of
Bones.
  HAW, Hungry.
  Haw, Black, Viburnum  priinifolium.
  HAWKNUT, Bunium bulbocastanum.
  HAWKWEED, VEINY, Hieracium venosum.
  HAWSE, Throat.
  HAWTHORN, WHITE,  Mespilus oxyacantha,
  HAY ASTHMA, Fever,  Hay.
  Hay, Camel's, Juncus odoratus.
  HAYRIFF, Galium aparine.
  HAYSCALE, Harelip.
  HAZEL, BEAKED, Corylus rostrata.
  Hazel  Crottles,  Lichen  pulmonarius — h.
Nut, snapping, Hamamelis Virginiana — h. Nut
tree, Corylus avellana.
  Hazel, Witch, Hamamelis Virginiana, Sorbus
acuparia.
  HAZELRAW, Lichen pulmonarius.
  HEAD, Sax. hearo©, hear©, heaved,-  the past
participle of heapan, 'to  heave  up.'   Caput,
Cepllale, Cy'be, Poll,  (Prov.) Hede,  Pair, Sop,
(F.) Tete.  The head  forms the upper extremity
of the  body, and  tops the skeleton.  It  consists
of the  cranium and face. The first, which  com-
prises all the superior and posterior part, has the
encephalon in its cavity: the latter forms  only
the anterior part, and serves as the receptacle for
the greater part of the organs of the senses.
  Head, Water in the, Hydrocephalus.
  Head-Ache, Cephalasa, Cephalalgia—h. Ache,
intermittent,  Cephalalgia  periodica — h. Ache,
sick, Cephalasa spasmodica.
  HEADSWOMAN, Midwife.
  HEADY, same etymon as Head. (F.) Capiteux.
That which inebriates readily.  An  epithet, ap-
plied to wines which possess this quality.
  HEAL, Sanitas.
  HEAL-ALL, Collinsonia Canadensis, Prunella
vulgaris, Scrophularia nodosa.
  HEALING, Curative—h. Art, Medicine.
  HEALTH, Sanitas.
  HEALTHY, Salutary.
  HEARING, HARDNESS  OF, Deafness — h.
Perverse, Paracusis perversa.
  HEART, Sax. heo/it, Germ. Herz, Cor, Cear,
Cer, Car'dia,  seap,  sr/p, Kaodta, (F.) Ca-ttr.   An
azygous  muscle, of  an irregularly  pyramidal
shape; situate obliquely and a little to  the left
side, in the chest;—resting on the diaphragm by
one of its surfaces :—suspended by its base  from
the great vessels;  free and movable in  the rest
of its extent, and surrounded by the pericardium.
The right side of the  body of the heart is thin
and sharp, and is called Mat-go aai'tus: the left
is thick and round, and termed Marejo  obtu'sns.
It is hollow  within, and contains  four cavities;
two of which, with  thinner and less fleshy walls,
receive the blood from the lungs and the rest of
the body, and pour it into two others, with  thick
and very fleshy parietes, which send it to tbe
lungs and to  every part of the body.  Of  these
cavities, the former are called auricles, tbe latter
ventricles.  The right auricle and right ventricle
form the Pulmonic or right or anterior heart, Cur
veno'sum seu pulmona'le, (F.) Co'ur du  ptiummi,
C. du  sang noir,  C. droit, C. antirieur:  and the
left auricle and ventricle, the systemic, corporeal,
left, or aortic heart, Cor arterio'sum  seu aor'ti-
cum, (F.)  Coeur du corps,  C. gauche, C. aortiqne
ou  C. rouge.  In  the  adult, these are totally dis-
tinct from each other, being separated by a parti-
tion ;—the septum cordis.  Into tbe right auricle,
the venae cavae,—superior and inferior,—and the
coronary  vein,  open.   The   pulmonary artery
arises from  the right ventricle; the four pulmo- 
HEART
440
HEAT
nnry veins open  into  the left auricle, and the j
aorta arises from the left ventricle.
  The  mean  weight of the heart,  in  the  adult, •'
from the twenty-fifth to the sixtieth year, is, ac- [I
cording to Bouillaud, from eight to nine ounces. |
The dimensions, according to Lobstein and Bouil-
laud,  are as follows: — Length,  from  base to
apex, five inches six lines; breadth, at the base,
three  inches; thickness  of the walls of the left
ventricle, seven lines ; at a finger's breadth above
the apex, four lines ; thickness of the walls of the
right  ventricle, two and a quarter lines; at the
npex, half a line;  thickness of right auricle, one
line ;  of the  left auricle, half a line.   The  heart
is covered, externally, by a very thin, membra-
nous reflection from the pericardium.   The  mus-
cular structure of which  it is constituted is much
thicker in the parietes  of the ventricle than in
those of the auricles.   Its cavities are lined by a
very delicate membrane, the endocardium, which
is continuous with the  inner  membrane  of the
arteries, as regards the left cavities, and with that
of the veins,  as regards  the right.   Its arteries—
the coronary — arise from the commencement of
the aorta.  Its nerves proceed, chiefly, from the
pneumogastric and the cervical ganglions of the
great sympathetic  The  heart is the great agent
in the circulation.   By its contraction, the blood
is sent over every part  of the body.  Its  action
 does  not seem to be directly owing to nervous
influence received from  the brain or spinal mar-
row, or from  both.  The circulation may, indeed,
 be kept up, for some time, if both brain and spi-
 nal marrow be destroyed.
   When the ear  is applied to the chest, a dull,
 lengthened sound is heard, which is synchronous
 with  the arterial  pulse.   This is instantly suc-
 ceeded by a sharp, quick sound, like that of the
 valve  of a bellows or the lapping  of a dog, and
 this is followed by a period of repose.  The first
 sound appears to be mainly produced by the con-
 traction of the ventricles; the second, by the re-
 flux of the  blood  against the semilunar valves.
 These  are what are called  the  Sounds  of  the
 Heart, (F.) Bruits du Coeur.  Dr. C. J. B. Wil-
 liams  thinks that the  word  lubb-dup conveys a
 notion of the two sounds.   The Beating or Im-
 pulse  of the heart, Heart-stroke, Pulsus seu Ictus
 cordis, (F.) Impulsion (lit Cnur, against the pari-
 etes of the  chest, is  mainly caused, perhaps, by
 the systole of the heart,  which tends to project it
 forwards.   It  is  doubted,  however, by  some,
 whether the impulsion be produced by the dila-
 tation or tbe contraction of the ventricles.
   The following table exhibits the different ac-
 tions of the heart, and their coincidence with its
 sounds and impulse.  It presumes, that the period
 from the commencement of one pulsation to that
 of another is divided into eight parts; and if the
 case  of a person,  whose  pulse beats sixty  times
 in a  minute, be taken,  each  of these parts will
 represent the eighth of a second.

            Eighths of  a Second.

 Last part of the pause....1... Auricles contracting;
                             ventricles distend-
                             ed.
 First sound and impulse..4...Ventricles  contract-
                             ing; auricles dilat-
                             ing.
 Second sound...............2...Ventricles  dilatjng;
                             auricles dilating.
Pause.........................1...Ventricles  dilating ;
                              auricles distended.

   The heart is subject  to different organic dis-
eases ; tho chief of which are aneurism, contrac-
tion of the apertures, and rupture of its parietes.
  Heart, At'kopiiy of  the,  Ah-oph'ia seu Ari- j
       29
dilra seu Phthisis Cordis,  Cardr'atroph'ia, Acnr-
diotroph'ia.  A condition of the  organ in which
there is diminution in the thickness of the pari-
etes of the whole organ.
  Heart, Beating of the, see Heart — h. Dila-
tation of tbe, see Aneurism—h. Displacement of
the, Ectopia Cordis—h. Fatty, Steatosis cordis.
  Heart, Hy'pertrophy of the, Hypertroph'ia
Cordis, Hypercor'dia, Hypersarco'sis Cordis, Hy-
percardiotroph'ia,  Ciircliaux'e, Aneurys'ma  cor-
dis actlvum (Corvisart), Cor bovlnum seu  taurl-
num,  Enor'mitns  cordis, (F.)  Hypcrtrophie du
Cnur.  Supernutrition  of  the muscular parietes
of the heart, which  are thicker than usual; the
cavities being generally diminished.   The phi/s-
ical signs which indicate it are the following.  Li
cases of long standing, the prascordial region  is
generally prominent; the pulsations of the heart
are visible over a greater extent than natural :
and a marked vibration  is communicated  to tbe
hand when placed on  the cardiac region.  Tbe
dull  sound on percussion is more  extensive than
natural; and on auscultation there is  a  perma-
nent  increase  of  the  force and extent  of the
heart's action ; there is no increase, however, of
frequency, and  the rhythm is regular.  The pulse
is generally strong, full, and hard.
  Heart,  Hypertrophy  with  Dilatation of
the,  Active  an'eurism,  Eccerltric hy'pertrophy.
In this affection, the pulsations can be seen and
felt over a larger space, and  the  apex is more to
the left and lower down than natural.  The im-
pulse is  less steady, but at  times  more  violent
than that which accompanies simple hypertrophy.
Percussion gives  more distinct evidence  of tbe
enlargement, the sound being more  extensively
dull.  On auscultation, the impulse is often vio-
lent, but irregular : in extreme cases, it produces
the sensation of a large mass of  flesh rolling or
revolving beneath the ear.   The pulse is strong,
full,  and vibratory.  The shock of the heart's ac-
tion  is often transmitted to tbe whole person, and
to the bed on which the patient is lying.
  Heart,  Concentric  Hypertrophy of the,
(F.)   Hypcrtrophie  concentrique,  Hypertrophie
centripete du Coeur, Retrait veutriculaire, Cardi-
arctie, is when  the parietes augment at the ex-
pense of the cavities.
  Heart, Impulse of the. see Heart — h. Neu-
ralgia of the, Angina Pectoris—h. Rupture  of the,
Cardiorrhexis — h. Sounds of the, see Heart — h.
Stroke,  see Heart.
  HEART'S EASE, Polygonum persicaria, Viola
tricolor.
  HEARTS, LYMPH,  Lymphatic hearts —h.
Lymphatic, Lvmphatic hearts.
  HEARTANES, Ardor ventriculi.
  HEARTBURN, Ardor ventriculi, Cardialgia.
  HEARTSCALD, Ardor ventriculi.
  HEART-SCIRTS. Diaphragm.
  HEARTWORT, Laserpitium album.
  HEAT, past participle of Sax. hae^an, 'to make
warm.'   Color,  Thernia, Sep/in.   (F.) I'halenr.
The  material cause, which produces the  sensa-
tion—or the particular sensation itself—produced
by a body of an elevated temperature, on our or-
gans, especially on the organs of touch.  Modern
cbvmists have  given  the  name  Ca/or'ic  to the
principle, whatever may be  its nature, wh:ch  is?
the cause of heat.   When we touch  a body of a
temperature superior to  our own, a portion of
caloric passes  from the body to the hand, and
produces the sensation of heat.  If, on the con-
trary, we touch a body of a temperature inferi.-r
to our own, we communicate a  portion  of our
caloric to it, and experience the sensation of cold.
Our own sensations are but imperfect indexes of
temperature.  Two men  meeting at the  middle
of a mountain,—the one ascending, tbe other de- 
HEAT                   4-">0                    HEAT
Fcending, — will experience  different sensations.
The one ascending, passes from  a warmer to a
colder atmosphere; — the one descending from a
colder to a  warmer.
  The chief instrument for measuring heat, used
in medicine, is  the  thermometer.  Of  this there
are three  kinds: — that of  Fahrenheit, that of
R6aumur,  and that of Celsius or the Centigrade.
The following Table exhibits the correspondence
of these different thermometric scales.
  b
Ian
Water boils (Barnm. 30 inches.)
Ilaat of a stove, borne by Dr. So-
ler.
Heat of a stove, borne for 10 mi-
l's by Sir Joseph Banks and Dr.
indur.
Water simmers.
Alcohol boils.
Very pure ether distils.
rices' wax molts.
Spermaceti melts.
  i Temperature at which liquids
are often drunk.
 j Heat observed in Scarlatina.
  7,- Temperature of the common hen.
  I Temperature of arterial blood. [?]
  m Temperature of venous blood.
Phosphorus molts.
  n Ether boils, o Nitric ether boils.
  p Muriatic ether boils.
  q Medium  temperature  of  the
globe.           r Ice melts.
											
Fab..	Iie.au.	Centig.	Fan.	Reau.	Centig.	Fah.	Reau.	Cen tig.	Fah.	Reau.	Cvntip. 0
o	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	
•Jl-'d	80.00	100.00	148	51.55	64.44	85	23,. 5 5	29.44	22	— 4.44	— 5.55
2il	79.55	99.14	147	51.11	63.SS	84	23.11	2s.ss	21	— 4.ss	— 6.11
21 ob	79.11	9S.SS	146	50.06	03.33	83	22.66	2S.33	20k	— 5.33	- 6.66,
•Joy	78.00	9S.33	145	50.22	62.77	S2	22.22	27.77	19	— 5.77	— 7.22
•im	7 s .22	97.77	144	49.77	02.22	81o	21.77	27.22	18		
2o7	77.77	97.22	143	49.3,3	61.06	80	21.33	20.66	17	— 6.66	— 8.33
290	77.33	96.66	142S	4S.SS	61.11	79	20.88	26.11	16	— 7.11	— S.SK
205	76.SS	9ii.H	141	48.44	60.55	78	20.44	25.55	15	___ 1J,r,	— 9.44
204	76.44	95.55	140	4S.60	60.00	77	20.00	25.00	14	— 8.00	—10.00
203	76.00"	95.011	139	47.55	59.44	76p	19.55	24.44	13	— 8.44	—10.55
2t i2	75.55	94.44	13,8	47.11	5S.SS	75	19.11	23.8,8	12	— 8.88	—11.11
201	75.11	93.SS	137	46.66	5S.33	74	18.06	23.33	11	— 9.33	—11.66
200	74.66	93.33	136	46.22	57.77	73	18.22	22.77	10	— 9.77	—12.22
199	71.22	92.77	135	45.77	57.22	72	17.77	22.22	9	—10.22	—12.77
198	7:!.77	92.22	134	45.33	56.66	71	17.3.3	21 .06	8	—10.66	—13.33
197	73.33	91.66	133/t	44.84	56.11	70	16.88	21.11	7i>	—11.11	-13.88
196c	72.SS	91.11	132	44.45	55.55	69	16.44	20.55	6	—11.55	-14.4 4
195	72.44	90.55	131	44.00	55.00	68	16.00	20.00	5	—12.00	--15.611
194	72.60	90.00	130	43.55	54.44	67	15.55	19.44	4	—12.44	—15.55
193	71.55	89.44	129	43.11	53.88	66	15.11	18.88	3	—12.88	—16. .11
192	71.11	88.88	128	42.6,6	53.33	65	14.66	is.3,3	2	—13.33	—16.6,6,
191	70.66	8S.33	127	42.22	52.77	64	14.22	17.77	1	—13.77	—17 22
190	70.22	87.77	126	41.77	52.22	63	13.77	17.22	0	—14.22	—17.77
189	69.77	87.22	125	41.33	51.60	62	13.33	16.66	— 1	—14.66	—18.33
lss	69.33	86.66	124	40.88	51.11	61	12.88	16.11	— 2u>	—15.11	—18.SS
is;	6S.SS	86.11	123	40.44	50.55	60	12.44	15.55	— 3	—15.55	—19.44
lso	6S.44	85.55	122	40.00	50.00	59	12.00	15.00	— 4	—10.00	—20.00
185	os.oo	85.00	121	39.55	49.44	58	11.55	14.44	— 5	—16.44	—20.55
1.S4	67.55	84.44	120	39.11	48.SS	57	11.11	13.8.8	— 6	—10.88	—21.11
is.:;	67.11	83.S8	119	38.60	48.33	56	10.66	13.33	— 7x	—17.33	—21.66
Is2	66.66	S3.33	118	38.22	47.77	55	10.22	12.77	— 8	—17.77	—22.22
181	66.22	82.77	117	37.77	47.22	54	9.77	12.22	— 9	—18.22	—22.77
ISO	65.77	82.22	116	"7.33	40.66	53	9.33	11.66	—10	—18.66	—23.33
179	65.33	81.66	115	36.88	46.11	52	8.SS	11.11	—lly	—19.11	—23.8S
17 Sol	64.88	81.11	114	36.44	45.55	51	8.44	10.55	—12	—19.55	—24 44
177	64.44	80.55	113	36.00	45.00	50?	8.00	10.00	—13	—20.00	—25 00
176	64.OU	Si l.(ll)	112	35.55 .	44.44	49	7.55	9.44	—14	—20.44	—25 55
175	63.55	79.44	111	35.11	43.88	48	7.11	8.88	—15	—20.88	—2611
174«	63.11	78.SS	110»	34.66	43.33	47	6.66	8.33	—16	—21.33	—26 66
173	62.1.6	7*8.33	109	34.22	42.77	46	6.22	7.77	—17	—21.77	—27.22
172	02.22	77.77	108	33.77	42.22	45	5.77	7.22	—18	—22.22	,—27.77
171	61.77	77.22	107	33.33	41.60	44	5.33	6.66	—19	—22.66	—28.33
170	61.33	76.66	100/	32.88	41.11	43	4.88	6.11	—20	—23.11	—28> 8
169	60.SS	7fi.ll	105	32.44	46.55	42	4.44	5.55	—21	—23.55	—29.41
168	60.44	75.55	104fc	32.00	40.00	41	4.00	5.00	__22	—24.00	—30.0(1
107/	60.00	75.00	103	31.55	39.44	40	3.55	4.44	__23	—24.44	—3,0.55
166	59.55	74.44	1021	31.11	38.88	39	3.11	3.88	—24	—24.88	—31.11
165	59.11	73.8S	101	30.66	3,8.33	38	2.06	3.33	__25	—25.33	—31.69
164	5S.60	7.3.33	100m	30.22	37.77	37	2.22	' 2.77	—26	__25.77	—32.22
163	58.22	72.77	99	29.77	37.22	36	1.77	2.22	__27	—26.22	__32.77
162	57.77	72.22	98ra	29.33	36.66	35	1.33	1.66	—28	—26.66	—33.33
161	57.33	71.66	97	28.88	36.11	34	O.sS	1.11	—29	—27.11	—.",3.88
160	56.S8	71.11	96	28.44	35.55	33	0.44	0.55	—30	—27.55	—34.44
159	56.44	70.55	95	28.00	35.00	32r	0.00	0.00	—31	—28.84	—35.00
158	56.00	70.00	94	27.55	34.44	31	—0.44	—0.55	__,32	—28.00	—35.55
157	55.55	69.44	93	27.11	33.88	30s	-0.88	—1.61	—3,3	__2S.S8	—36.18
156	55.11	6S.S8	92	20.66	33.33	29 ,	__1 :>;>	—1.66	—34	—29.33	—36.6,6
155	54.66	08.33	91	26.22	32.77	2S<	—177	__2.22	—35	—29 77	—.37.22
154	54.22	67.77	90	25.77	32.22	27	—2.22	—2.77	—36	—30.22	—37.77
153	53.77	67.22	89	25.33	31.66	26	—2.66	—3.33	—37	—30.66	—3-1.23
152	53.3.3	66.66	88	24.88	31.11	25	—3.11	—3.SS	—38	—31.11	—38.88
151	52.88	66.11	87	24.44 '	30.55	24	—3.55	—4.4 4	—39*	—31.55	—39.44
150	52.44	65.55	86	24.00	30.00	23	-^.00	—5.00	—40	—32.00	—40.00
149	52.00	65.00							i		
  s Milk freezes.
  t Vinegar freezes.
  v Rtronpr wine freezen.
  ?• A mixture of one part of alcohol
and three of water freezes.
  v- Cold at the battle of Kylau, 1*07
  r A mixture of equal parts of al-
cohol and water freezes.
  y A mixture of two  parts of alco-
hol and one of water freezes.
  z Melting point of quicksilver.
   To reduce  Centigrade degrees to those of Fah-
renheit, multiply by 9, divide by 5, and add 32:
thus, 40° Cent. X 9 -f- 5 + 32 = 104° Fahr.   To
reduce Fahrenheit's degrees to those of Centigrade,
subtract 32., multiply by 5, and divide by 9:  thus,
104°  Fahr. — 32 X 5 ~ 9 = 40°  Cent.   To re-
duce  Rianmur's degrees  to  those of Fahrenheit,
multiply by  9, divide by 4, and add'32 : thus, 32°
Riattm. X 9 -f- 4 + 32 = 104° Fahr.   To retluee
Fahrenheit's degrees to those of Riaumur, subtract 
HEAT
451
HECTIC  FEVER
32,  multiply by 4, and divide by  9 :  thus, 104°
Fahr. — 32 X  4  -i- 9 = 32 Riaum..    To reduce
Riaumur's degrees  to therse of Centigrade, multi-
ply by  5, and divide by 4:  thus 32° Riaum.
X 5 — 4 = 40° Cent. ; and, lastly, to reduce Cen-
tigrade  degrees to those of Riaumur, multiply by
4J and divide by 5: thus, 40° Cent. X 4 -^ 5 = 32°
Riaum.
   Fahrenheit.      Centigrade.       Reaumur.
 212.
 192
 152
 132
 112
  92
  72
  52
"  32.
100.

 80

 60

 40

 20

  0.
— 40

— 20

—  0
                Thermometers.
  The human body can bear a  high degree of
heat diffused in the atmosphere.  There are cases
on record, where  air of 400° and upwards, of
Fahrenheit's scale, has been breathed with  im-
punity for a short time.   It can likewise with-
stand very severe cold.   In  the expedition of
Capt. Back to the Arctic regions, the thermome-
ter was as low as — 70° of Fahr., and Sir George
Simpson  affirms, that it has fallen in Siberia to
— 83°, or 115° below  the freezing  point.  Dr.
Kane, in  the Arctic regions, in 1853-54, observed
the  range of eleven spirit thermometers, selected
as standards, to vary from — 60° to— 75°.  The
mean annual temperature  was 5°.2 — the lowest
ever registered.
  Excessive heat disposes the  body to gastric
and intestinal  diseases, and particularly  to  in-
flammation and enlargement of the liver ; hence,
the  frequency of such affections within the torrid
zone.   Heat is often used therapeutically :  the
aotual cautery, at a white  heat, disorganizes the
parts to which it is applied: a lesser degree occa-
sions violent inflammation.   Heat higher than
that of the human body is excitant; of a lower
degree, sedative.  Excessive cold acts as a power-
ful  sedative—inducing sleep, the  tendency to
which, after long exposure, becomes irresistible.
See Cold.  Many  of the topical applications — as
cataplasms—act wholly by virtue of their warmth
and moisture.
  Heat,  Ardorvene'reus, Pritri'tus,(F.) Chaleurs,
Chaleurs  des Animaux,  Rut, is the periodical  sex-
ual  desire experienced by animals,—QZstrua'tion.
It is supposed by some  to be owing to the periodi-
cal maturation and discharge of ova.—Ovula'tion.
  Heat,  Acrid, see Acrid—h. Animal, see Ani-
mal'Heat.
  Hkat Apoplexy, see Coup-de-soleil.
  Hkat,  Intbu'nal, (F.) Chaleur  interne,  is a
sensation of heat felt by the patient, but not  sen-
sible to the  touch.  External heat, (F.) Chaleur
extirieure,  that  which  can be  felt by others.
Heat, Ardor, is  called moist, (P.) kaliteuse, when
accompanied with moisture, like  that felt  after
bathing; dry,(F.) seche, when  the skin  has not
its ordinary softness.  It is called acrid and  pun-
gent, (F.) dcre et mordicante, when it conveys a
disagreeable tingling to the fingers.  The French
employ the  terms nervous heat and errat'ic  heat,
Chaleur nerveuse and Chaleur erratique, for that
which  comes by flushes, alternating with chills,
and which  moves rapidly from one part to an-
other.   M. Double has used the term septic  heat,
(F.) Chaleur septique, for that which produces a
pungent sensation on the hand, similar to that
of the acrid heat, but milder and more uniform,
and  which  is accompanied  with feebleness aad
frequency of pulse, <fec.
  Heat, Prickly, Lichen tropicus.
  HEATH, COMMON, Erica vulgaris.
  HEATHER,  Erica vulgaris.
  HEATHEH-CLU. Malleolus.
  IIEAUTOPHOXICS, see Autophonia.
  HEAVINESS, Somnolency.
  HEAVING, Vomiturition.
  HEAVY,  Gravis,  (F.)  Gravatif,  from  Sax.
heapan, 'to heave.'  An  epithet  given  to any
pain which  consists  in  a sensation of weight or
heaviness, or is  accompanied by such sensation.
  HEBDOMADAL CYCLE, see Cycle.
  HEBDOMADARIA, Octana,
  HEBE,  'i7/3v,  Juven'ta,   Jnverltas, Jiiven'tus,
Hora.   In  antiquity, the  goddess of  puberty.
The word  has  been  employed to designate,  1.
The first hair that grows  on the pubes, 2. The
pubic  region, and 3. Puberty.
  HEBETES, Adolescens.
  HEBETOR, Adolescens.
  HEBETUDO  ANIMI, Imbecility — h.  Den-
tium, Haemodia—h. Visus,  Amblyopia,  Astheno-
pia, Caligo.
  HEBRADENDRON   CAMBOGIOIDES, see
Cambodia.
  HEBREWS,  MED'ICINE OF THE.  Medi-
cine seems to have been at a very low ebb with
the  ancient Hebrews.   Of  anatomy they knew
nothing.   Their physiology was  imperfect and
filled with  superstitions ; and  their therapeutics
unsatisfactory.   Hygiene appears  to have  been
most attended to.  Of  the other departments of
medicine we cannot judge of their knowledge.
  HECATOMA PALUSTRIS, Ranunculus sce-
leratus.
  HECATOMPIIYLLUM,  Rosa centifolia
  HECH, Anhelatio.
  HECK BERRY, Prunus padus.
  HEC'TEUS,  'eKTcvs.   A  Greek measure, con-
taining about 72 chopines or pints.
  HECTIC FEVER, Febris hec'tica sen phthis'-
ica  seu marasmo'des  seu tab'ida  seu  lenta seu
amphimer'ina hec'tica seu  amato'ria,  Hecticop'-
yra, Heeticopyr'etos, Hec'tica, Amphimer'ina hec'-
tica, Syntecop'yra, Syntecticop'yra, 3larasmop'-
yra, Lencopye'ia, Epiitletus  hec'tica, Chloro'sis
amato'ria, Ettick, (Sc.) Ethik,  Etick, (F.) Fievre
Heetique ou Etique, from  'c£is, ' habit of body ;'
because in  this disease' every part of the body is
emaciated ; or, perhaps, from eKTtiKin, ' I consume,'
' I am exhausted.' The name of a slow, continued,
or remittent fever, which generally accompanies
the end of organic  affections, and has been  es-
teemed idiopathic, although it is probably always
symptomatic.   It is  the fever of irritation and
debility; and is  characterized by progressive ema-
ciation, frequent pulse, hot skin, — especially  of
the palms of the hands and soles of the feet,—
and, towards the end,  colliquative sweats and
diarrhcea.    Being symptomatic,  it can only  be
removed by getting rid of the original affection.
This is generally difficult, and almost hopeless in
the disease  which it most  commonly  accompa-
nies,—consumption. 
HECTICA                4 52               IIELICINE
  HECTICA, Hectic Fever—h. Infantilis, Fever,
infantile remittent.
  HECTICOPYRA, Hectic fever.
  HECTICOPYRETOS, Hectic fever.
  HEC'TIStS, (F.) Etisie.  Same etymon.  The
state of those who have hectic fever.
  HECTOGRAMME,  Hectogram'ma, from '«a-
tov, 'a hundred/and ypuppa.  A measure of 100
grammes, i. e., 3 ounces, 1 drachm, and 44 grains,
Troy.
  HECTOLITRE.   A measure  containing 100
litres or 26.42 wine pints.
  HECUSIUS,  Voluntary.
  HEDEO'MA. Hedeo'ma  pnlegio'i'des,  Cunila
pulegioi'des,  3Ielis'sa  pulegioides,  Pennyroyal,
Tickweed, Stinking Balm, Squaiomint.  Sex. Syst.
Diandria  Monogynia ;  A7at. Ord. Labiatae.  From
'rj&vs, 'agreeable.'   An indigenous plant, common
in all parts of the United States, and which,
where it is abundant, perfumes the air for a con-
siderable  distance.   It  is employed in the  same
cases as  the mints and the English pennyroyal.
In popular practice it is used as an emmenagogue.
   The  O'leum Hedeo'ma (Ph. U. S.)  or Oil ofi
Pennyroyal is used as  a stimulating carminative,
dropped on sugar.   Dose, 2 to 6 drops.
   HEDERA ARBOREA, H. Helix.
   Hed'era Helix, Hed'era arbo'rea, Bae'chica,
 Cissos, Kiaaos, Cittos, Ktrro;, Ed'era, Corymbe'tra,
 Corynlbos, (Sc.) Binibcood, Ivy, (F.) Lierre, L.
 Commun  ou grimpant.   Ord. Araliaceae.   The
taste of icy leaves is bitter, styptic, and nauseous.
 They  are not used in medicine.   According to
 Haller, they  were  recommended in  Germany
 against the atrophy of children ; and the common
people of England sometimes  apply them to run-
ning sores and to keep issues  open.  The berries
 were supposed, by the ancients, to have an emetic
 and purgative quality; and a  watery extract was
 made from them, called by Quercetanus Extrac-
 tum purgans.   From the stalk of the tree  a re-
 sinous juice  exudes,  in warm climates, called
 Gummi Hed'era, Ivy Gum, (F.) Gomme de lierre,
 Risine de  lierre.  It   is possessed  of tonic and
 astringent properties,  but is not used.
   Heoera Terrestris, Glechoma hederacea.
   HEDERULA, Glechoma hederacea.
   HEDE, Head.
   IIEDEVERK, Cephalalgia.
   HEDEWARK, Cephalalgia.
   HEDISARUM ALHAGI, Agul.
   HEDRA, 'eSpa,  'elipri, 'a vestige,' 'a seat.'  A
 seat.   A fracture of the bones of the cranium, in
 which the trace of the fracturing instrument is
 still perceptible.   It was,  also, used by the an-
 cients, for the anus,  the  breech,  excrement, a
 privy, a  night-chair,  and  for the bottom of an
 abscess.
   HEDROCELE, Proctocele.
   HEDYCH'ROUM,  from V«f, 'agreeable,' and
 XP°a, 'colour.'  A remedy of a pleasant colour.
 Applied  to certain trochs, the  chief constituent of
 which was theriac.
   HEDYPHO'NIA, from 'nSvs, 'sweet,' and tporvr,,
 'voice.'  Sweetness of voice.
   HEDYPNEUS'TUS, Hedyp'nous,  from  'nhvs,
 'sweet,'  and -nveor, ' I breathe.'  Breathing sweetly
 or softly.  Smelling sweetly.
   HEDYPNOIS TARAXACUM, Leontodon ta-
 raxacum.
   HEDYSARUM ALHAGI,  Agul.
   HEDYSMA, Condiment.
   HEEL, see Calcaneum — h. Clubfoot, see Kyl-
 losis.
   nEGH, Anhelatio.
   HEIL, Sanitas.
   HELCENTERITIS, Dothinenteritis.
    IIELCOC'ACE,  Cachelco'ma,  from  'sXkos,
'ulcer,'   and  kukti,  'badness.'    A  malignant
ulcer.
  HELCODES,  Ulcerated, Ulcerous.
  HELCOL'OGY, Hclcolog 'ia, from 'cXkos,  'ni-
cer,  and Xoyos, 'discourse.'  The doctrine of, or
a treatise on, ulcers.
  HELCOMA, Ulcer.
  HELCOMENIA, Menelcosis.
  HELCOPHTHAL'MIA, Ojihthal'mia ulcero'sa.
Ophthalmia with ulceration.
  HEL'COPLASTY, Hclkoplasty, Elkoplasty,
Elc'oplasty; from 'cXkos, 'an ulcer,' and TtXaaco,
' I form.'  An operation which consists in grafting
on  an ulcer a piece of  skin  from tho  opposite
limb, or from  the limb  of another  person, when
the destruction of skin is too great to permit tbe
healing process.
  HEL'COS, from 'tXjcof, 'an ulcer.' Hence:
  HELCOS1S, Elcosis, Ulceration—h. Cerebri,
Encephalopyosis—h. Laryngis, Phthisis laryngea
—h. Pulmonalis, Phthisis pulmonalis—h. Rena-
lis, Nephrelcosis — h. Uteri, see  Metrophthisis—
h. Vesicae Cystophthisis.
  HELCOST APHYLO'MA, from 'iXkos, 'ulcer.'
and aratpvXurpa, 'staphyloma.'   Staphyloma end-
ing in ulceration.
  HELCOXERO'SIS,  from 'cXkos, 'ulcer,'  and
Znpioats, 'dryness.'  The drying of an ulcer.
  HELCTICA, Epispastics.
  HELCUS. Ulcer.
  HELCYD'RION,  Heleyd'rium, 'cXKviptov, III-
cus'atlurn, a small ulcer, a superficial ulceration
of the cornea.—Galen, Paulus, Foesius.
  HELCYS'TER, 'tXuvornp, from 'cXkut, ' I draw.'
An iron hook or crotchet for extracting the foetus.
See Crotchet.
  HELENIUM, Inula helenium.
  Helen'ium  Autumna'lE, False  Sunflower,
Sneezewort, Sneezeweed,  Sivamp  Sunflower,  Yel-
low star, Ox-eye.   Ord. Compositae.  An  indi-
genous herb, with large golden-yellow compound
flowers, which appear in August.  All  its part*
are  bitter and somewhat acrid, and when snuffed
up  the nostrils  in powder are powerful sternu-
tatories.
  HELIAN'THEMUM   CANADEN'SE.  Cistm
 Canaden'sis, Frostwort,  Frostweed, Frost plant,
Rock rose.  Ord. Cistaceae.  An herbaceous plant,
 Helianthemum (Ph. U.  S.), having large yellow
flowers, which grows in all parts of the Unite,1
 States, and flowers, in the Middle States, in June.
 It  has  an  astringent,   slightly  aromatic,  and
bitterish taste.  It has been prescribed in scrofula,
 but probably is  nothing more than an aromatic
 tonic.
   Heltan'themum Corymbo'sum,  7?oc/.- rose, an
 indigenous plant, is used in the same cases.
   HELIASTS, Astrabolismus, Insolation.
   HELICH'RYSUM  NUDIFO'LIUM, Coffer-
 tea.  A South  African  plant, Nat. Ord. Compo-
 sitae, which is demulcent, and, in the form of in-
 fusion, is recommended  in  catarrh, phthisis, and
 other pulmonary affections.
   Helichrysim Serpyllifo'liuv,  Hottentot's
 tea, and Helichrysum Auricula'tum have  simi-
 lar virtues.
   IIELICIA, Age.
   HEL'ICINE, Helic"inus, Heh'coi'des, Heh'ct,'^
 des, from helix,  helicis, 'the tendril of  the vine.'
 Resembling in form the tendril of  the vine.
   Heltcine Arteries  of the penis, as  described
 by J. Miiller, are short vessels given off from the
 larger  branches, as well as from the finest  twigs
 of the artery of the organ : most  of those  coinc
 off at a right angle, and project into the cavity
 of the spongy substance, either terminating ab-
 ruptly or swelling  out  into a club-like process
 without  again   subdividing.   Almost  all  these
 vessels are bent like a horn, so  that the end do- 
HELICIS MAJOR
4 53
HEMACHROIN
icribes half a circle or somewhat more.   They
have a great resemblance to the  tendrils  of the
vine,  whence  their name.  A  minute examina-
tion of them, either with  tbe lens or  the  micro-
scope, shows  that, although they at all  times
project into the vesous  cavities  of  the corpora
cavernosa,  they are not  entirely  naked, but are
covered with a delicate membrane, which, under
the microscope, appears granular.
  HELTCTS  MAJOR.  A muscle of  the ear,
which originates from the anterior, acute part of
the helix, upon which it  asccnd3  and is inserted
into the helix.  It pulls the part  into which it is
inserted a little downwards and forwards.
   Hk.i.icis  Minor. This muscle  originates from
the under  and fore part of the helix, and  is in-
serted into the helix, near the fissure in the carti-
lage, opposite the  concha.   Its use is to contract
the fissure.
   HELICOIDES,  Helicine.
   HELICOTRE'MA, from 'eXf,  'helix, cochlea/
 and rpnpa,  'a foramen.'  The hole by which the
 two scala' of the cochlea communicate at the apex.
   HELIEXCEPHALITIS, see Coup de Soldi.
   HELICMUS, Convolution.
   11 ELI KI A, Age.
   HELIOXOSIS,  Insolation.
   HELIOSCIADIUM   NODIFLORUM,   Sium
 nodiflorum.
   HELIOSIS, Astrabolismus, Insolation.
   HELIOTROPE, Heliotropium Europaeum.
   IIELIOTROPION, Cichorium  intybus.
   HELIOTRO'PIUM EUROP.E'UM, H  erec-
 tion  seu canes'cens seu  siiplnnm.  Verruca'ria.
 The He'liotrope, (F.)  Tournesol,  Herbe aux ver-
 ities.  Ord.  Boraginaee;e.   This plant is con-
 sidered to  possess  aperient properties;  and to be
 capable  of destroying cutaneous excrescences;
 hence one of  its names.
   Heliotropium In'dicum, an  East India plant,
 naturalized in some of the Western and Southern
 States, probably has similar virtues.
   HELIX, 'cXit;,  Capre'olus,  from  eiXeiv,   'to
 envelop/  'to  roll.'   The  fold  is thus   called,
 which forms the outer circumferance or ring of
 the external ear.
   Helix,  Limax.
   Helix Pomatia, (F.)  Limacon, Colimacon,  Es-
 cargot.  A large kind of snail, transported from
 tlie south of Europe to England  by Sir Kenelme
 Digby, for his lady when in a  decline.   It was
 considered highly restorative.
   IIELLA, Incubus.
    HELLEBORASTER, Helleborus  foetidus —h.
 Foetidus, Helleborus fcetidus.
    HELLEBORE, Dracontium fcetidum—h. Ame-
 rican, Veratrum viride—h. Black,  Helleborus niger
 — h. Blanc, Veratrum album —h. Green, Helle-
 borus viridis — h. A'oir,  Helleborus niger — h.
 Stinking,  Helleborus foetidus—h. Swamp, Vera-
 trum viride—h. White, Veratrum album.
    HELLEBORIS'MUS, Elleboris'mus. The me-
 thod of treating disease,  amongst the  ancients, by
 hellebore.   This comprised  not  only the choice,
 preparation, and administration  of the medicine,
 but, likewise, the  knowledge and employment of
 preliminary precautions and remedies proper for
 aiding its action, and preventing the pernicious
 effects which  it might occasion.
    HELLEBORUS. II. niger—h.  Albus, Veratrum
 nlhum — h. Grandiflorus, II. niger—h. Trifolius,
 Coptis.
   Hei.LEB'ori'S Fce'tious,  Helleboras'ter, Elle-
 bnraster. Stinking Hellebore or  Bear's foot. Set-
 terwnrt, (F.) Hellibore ou Ellibore fiitide, Pied de
 Griffon.  Ord.  Ranunculaceae.  The  leaves of
 this  plant are said to  be anthelmintic.   The
 Binell of the  fresh plant is extremely fetid,  and
the taste  bitter and acrid.   It usually acts as a
cathartic.
  Helleborus  Niger, 77. grandifio'rus, ElleV-
orus niger, 3Ielampo'diuni, 3Ielanorrhlznm, EC -
tornon, Black Hellebore, 3lelampode,  Christmas
Rose,  Clove-tongue, (F.) Hellibore uoir.   The
root of this  European plant — Helleborus,  (Ph.
U.  S.)—has  a disagreeable odour, and bitter,
acrid taste.   It is possessed of cathartic proper-
ties, and has been recommended  as an emmena-
gogue.  It has been given in  mania, melancholia,
dropsy, suppressed menses,  <fec.   Dose, gr. x to
9j, as a cathartic.
  Helleborus  Vir'idis,  Green  Hellebore.   A
European plant, naturalized on Long Island, has
similar properties to the last.
  HELLECEBRA, Sedum.
  HELLENIA  GRANDIFLORA, Costus.
  HELMET-FLOWER,  YELLOW,  Aconitum
Anthora.
  HELMET  POD, Jeffersonia Bartoni.
  \\.F\A\L\SS, genitive,Helminthos,xAnr. Helmin' -
thes seu  Elmirlthes, from 'eXpivs, ' a worm.'   A
worm; an entozoon :—hence:
   HELMINTHAGOGUE, Anthelmintic.
   HELMINTH I, Worms.
   HELMINTHIA,  Helminthiasis —h.  Alvi,
 Worms.
   Helmin'thia Errat'ica.  Worms,  introduced
 by accident and without finding  a proper habita-
 tion  in  the  stomach  or intestines;  producing
 spasmodic  colic,  with  severe  tormina, and  oc-
 casionally vomiting or  ejections  of  blood; tbe
 12th genus of the order Enterica, class Coeliaca,
 of  Good.
   IIici.MixTniA Ponicis, Worms.
   HELMINTHIASIS,  Hclminthogerlcsis.   A
 generic name for the condition which gives occa-
 sion  to the presence of intestinal worms.   It is,
 also, called Helmin'thia, Vermina'tio, 3Iorbus ver-
 mino'sus, Status verrnino'sus, Subur'ra vermino'sa,
 Scoleci'asis,  Scolece'sis,  Entozoogerl esis, Parttsi-
 tis'm us intestina'lis; Worm disease, Inrermina'tion.
 See Worms.
   HELMINTHIC, Anthelmintic.
   HELMINTHOCHORTUM,  Corallina  Corsi-
 can a.
   HELMINTHOCOLICA, Colica verminosa.
   HEBMINTHOCORTOX,  Corallina  Corsicana.
   HELMINTH OU EN ESIS, Helminthiasis.
   HELMINTHOL'OGY, Helmintholog"ia, from
 helmins,  helminthos, and Xoyos,  'a description.'
 A treatise on worms.
   HELMINTHONCUS, Malis — h. Medinensis,
 Dracunculus.
   HELMINTIIOP'YRA, Hclminthopyr'etos, Fe-
 bris  vermino'sa, from  helmins,  helminthos, and
 rrcp, 'a fever.'  Fever occasioned by worms.  See
 Fever, verminous.
   HELMINTHOPYRETOS, Helminthopyra.
   IIELMINTHUS  GOKDII, Seta equina.
   HELODES, Elodes.
   HEB0N1AS DIOICA, Chamselerium luteum—
 h.  Erythrosperma, Amianthum  muscaetoxicum—■
 h.  Lutea, Chamasleriutn luteum—h.  Officinalis,
 see Veratrina.
   HELOPYRA. Elodes (febri.O.
   HELOPYRETUS. Elodes (febris).
   HELOS. Clavus, Marsh.
   HELO'SIS, Helo'tis: from'etXor, 'Iturn.'  Ever-
 sion of the eyelids, and convulsions of the muscles
 of the eves.  Plica Polonica.  Strabismus.
   HELOTIS, Helosis, Plica..
   HELUS.  Clavus, Helos.
   HELVELLA ESCULENTA, Morchella escu-
 lenta.
    HELXINE. Parietaria.
ii    HEMACHROIN, Heeinatin. 
HE MA D YNA METRE
45 4
HEMISPHERE
  HE3IABYNA3IETRE, Ilsemadynamometer.
  HE31 AD YXA3IIQUE ILemadynamics.
  HE3IAPERIT0XIRRHAGIE,  Hamaperito-
nirrh.ag"ia. ; from 'atpa, ' blood/ peritonaum, and
pnywpt, ' I break  forth.'  Hemorrhage into  the
peritoneum.
  HE3IAPR0CTIE,  Hasmorrhois.
  HE 31 AST A T1QITES, Haamatosfatica.
  HE 3/ATI I) ROSE,  Sudor cruentus.
  HEMATIN, H»matin.
  HEM A TO-ENCEPHALIE, Apoplexy.
  HEMATOID, Ilaematodes.
  HEM A TOTDINE, Haematoidin.
  HEM A TOLOGIE,  Hsematology.
  HEMATOLOGY, Haematology.
  HEMATOMYELIE, Himorrhagie de  la 3Io-
elle Epiniere.
  HE3TAT0NCIE, Haematoncus,  see Ilaemato-
des fungus—h. Fongoide, Ilaematodes fungus.
  HE3IAT0PISIE,  Hsematops.
  HE3IAT0RRHACHIS, Apoplexia myelitica.
  HEMATOSIN,  Hue matin.
  HEMATOSTATICS, Haematostatica.
  HEM A TO ST A TIQ UES, Haamatostatica.
  HE3IAT0Z0AIRES, Haematozoa.
   HE3IEND0CARDE, Haemendocardium.
  HEMERA,  'npcpa, 'a day.'   Dies.  Hence:
  HEMERALOPIA, see Nyctalopia.
  Hembkalo'pia,  from 'npepa, 'the  day/ and
onroput,  'I  see.'   Hameralojis,  Dyso'pia  seu
 Caligo tenebra'rum, Parop'sis Noetif ngu, Visits
diur'nus, Nyctalo'pia  (of some), Nyctotyphhr'sis,
Amblyo'pia crepuscula'ris, Cacitas  t-repiiscula'ris
seu  noctnr'na, A'eies  dinr'na, Day-sight, Day-
vision, Hen blindness,  Night blindness, Noctur'mil
 Amaiiro'sis,  (F.)  Vue diurne, Avenglement  de
 Nuit.  A  disease, in   which  the eyes enjoy the
faculty of seeing, whilst the  sun  is above the
 horizon, but are incapable of seeing by  the aid
 of  artificial  light.  Its causes are not evident.
 The  eye, when carefully examined,  presents  no
 alteration, either in its membranes or humours.
   HEM'ERALOPS, Do'rea. One labouring under
 hemeralopia.   Also, llemeralopia.
   HEMERATYPHLOSIS, Nyctalopia.
   HEMERODROMA, Ephemera.
   HEMEROPATHI'A; from 'npcpa, 'a day/ and
 irados, 'an affection.'   A disease, which continues
 only a day;  or,  which is only observed during
 the day.
   HEMEROTYPHLOSIS, Nyctalopia
   HEMI, 'niti, 'nftavs, 'half,' 'semi.'  Hence:
   HEMIACEPH'ALUS,(F.)//£»wnc^oZe,from
 hemi, a, privative, and KetpaXrj, 'head.'   A mon-
 ster  whose head  is  represented by a shapeless
 tumour, with  some appendages or cutaneous folds
 anteriorly, the thoracic extremities existing.
   HEMLVMAUROSIS, Hemiopia.
   HEMIANDRUS,  Eunuch.
   HEMIANOR,  Eunuch.
   HEMIANTHROPIA, Mania.
   HEMIANTHROPUS, Eunuch,  Maniac.
   HEMfAZYGA (Vena), see  Azygos vein.
   HE MICE PH ALE A, Hemierania.
   IIEMICEPHALEUM, Sinciput.
   HEMICEPHALIUM, Sinciput.
   HEMICEPHALUM, Sinciput.
   HEMICEPH'ALUS,  Hemienceph'ahis, Semi-
 ceph'abts, from hemi, 'half/ and  KttpaXn, 'head.'
 One who bas half a  head.
   HEMICRA'NIA,   Hemi cephala'a,  3Iigra'na,
  Grana, Hemipa'gia,  Hemipe'gia, Heterocra'nia,
 3fonopa'gia,  3fonope'gia, Cephala'a Hemicra'nia,
 Hemipathi'a,  Neuralgia   cerebra'lis,   3Iegrim,
 from hemi, ' half/ and Kpaviov.  'cranium.'   (F.)
 Migraine. Pain, confined to  one  half the head.
It is almost always of an intermittent diameter;
—at times, continuing  only as long a* lbe sum ia
above the horizon :  and hence sometimes called
Sun-pain, — and is cured  by  cinchona, arsenic,
and tbe remedies adapted for intermittents.
  Hemicrania Idiopathica, Neuralgia,  facial.
  HEMIDES'MUS  IN'DTCUS, Perip'loca  lu'-
dica, Ascle'pias Pseudosar'sa, Sarsiiparil'la  In'.
dica, Naunari, Indian  Sarsttpai ilia.  Ord.  As.
clepiudaceae.   A Ilindoostanee plant, the root of
which, Hemidesm'us (Ph. P.), has a peculiar  aro-
matic odour, and a bitterish taste.   It is used in
India as a substitute for sarsaparilla.
  HEMIDIALYSIS, Hemiplegia.
  HEMIDIAPIIORE'SIS,  Transpira'tio  Uni-
lat'era ;  from  hemi,  ' half/ and  ita^opnais, '  per-
spiration.' Perspiration of one half tbe body/
  IIEMIEC'TON,  Hemiec'teon, Semiscx'tiini.  A
vessel capable of containing 3b chopines  or pints,
and in which fumigations were made in  diseases
of tbe uterus and vagina.—Hippocrates.
  HEMIENCEPH'ALUS,  (F.) llimicnciphale,
from hemi, 'one half/  and cysetpaXos, 'the ence-
phalon.'  A monster, which bus no  trace of tbe
organs of the  senses, and yet has a brain  nearly
natural.   See  Hemicephalus.
  HEMIM'ELES,  (F.) Himimele,  from hemi,
'one  half/  and ptXos,  'a  limb.'   A genus of
monsters, in which the upper or lower  extremi-
ties are very  defective — mere stumps,—and tho
fingers and toes are entirely wanting or  very im-
perfect.—I. G. St. Hilaire.
  HEMIMO?'RI0N, from hemi,  and  potpa, 'a
part.'  ' One half.'—Foesius. Also, half a draclim,
—Erotian.
  HEMTNA.  A  Greek  measure,  answering to
the Cotyle, kotvXv, i. e. one  half the  sextarius, or
about half a pint,  English.
  HEMIOBOL'ION, Hcmiob'olon.  Half the  obo-
lus.   A weight of  about five grains.—Gorra;us.
  HEMIO'LION.   A  weight of 12 drachms, or
oz. IJ.—Galen. See Sescuncia.
   HEMIO'PIA, Hemiop'sis, Ilemiopi'asis,  Suf-
fn'sio dimiel'ians,  Visits dimidia'tus, 3/arnior'yye
Ilippoc'ratis,  Hani amaiiro'sis, Amaiiro'sis dirni-
dia'ta, (F.) Himiopie,  from hemi, 'one half/ and
ottTopat, ' I see.'  Depraved vision, in which the
person sees only one half  of an object.
   HEMIOPIASIS, Hemiopia.
   HEMIOPSIS, Hemiopia.
   HEMIPA'GES,  Dicor'yphus dihypogas'trins,
 Oc'topus synapheoceph' altis, from hemi, '  half/ and
 nnyvvut,  ' I  fasten.'   A  monstrosity,  in which
 twins are united from the navel to the  vertex.—
 I. G. Saint Hilaire.
   HEMIPAGIA,  Hemicrania.
   HE.MIPATIIIA, Hemicrania.
   HEMIPEGIA.  Hemicrania.
   HEMIPHO'NIA, from  'Wt,  'half/ and jam,
 ' voice.'  Great weakness  of voice.  The husky
 voice of those affected  with cholera.
   HEMIPLEGIA, Hemiplex'ia,  Hcmidiul'ysis,
 Paralysis  Hemiplegia,  Semiple'gia,  Seuii-side-
 rtltio,  from  hemi, 'one half/  and rrXno-au,  or
 nXriTToi, ' I strike.'  Paralysis of one side of tbe
 body.   See Paralysis.   One so palsied is said to
 be hemipleg"ic, semi-sidera'tus.
   Hemiplegia Facialis, Paralysis, Bell's.
   HEMIPLEXIA, Hemiplegia.
   HEMIPROSOPLEGIA, Paralysis, Bell's.
   HEMISPHERES CEREBRI, Hemispheres of
  the brain.
    HEMISPHERE, Hemispha'ra,  Hemispha'rU
  um, from hemi, 'one half/ and atpaipa, 'a sphere.
  One half of a sphere or of a body having a sphe-
  roidal shape.
    Hemispheres  of  the  Brain,  Hemispha'ra
  cer'ebri, Hemispherical gan'glia,  are  the  upper 
HEMISPHERICAL  GANGLIA   455
HEPATHiEMORRHAGIA
•
   (spheroidal portions of the  brain, separated from
   each other by the falx cerebri.
     HEMISPHERICAL GANGLIA, Hemispheres
   of tbe brain.
     HE31ITE,  Haemitis.
     HEMITRIT.E'A  (FEBRIS,) Febris semi-ier-
   tiit'na seu sesquialtcra,  (F.) Demi-tierce, Fievre
   demitierce, from hemi, 'half/ and rpirutos, 'ter-
   tian/  A semi-tertian  fever, so called  because it
   seems to possess both  the  characters of the ter-
   tian  and quotidian intermittent. — Galen, Spi-
   gelius.
     HEMIUNCIA,  Hemiuncion.
     HEMIUN'CION,  Hemiitu'cia, Semurlcia,  Se-
i   mittn'eia.  Half an ounce.
     HEMLOCK, Pinus Canadensis, Conium macu-
   latum— h. American,  Cicuta maculata — h. Bas-
   tard,  Chaerophyllum  sylvestre — h.   Common,
   Conium maculatum.
     Hemlock  Dropwort, GSnanthe.
     Hemlock, Ground, Taxus Canadensis.
     Hemlock   Gum, see  Pinus  Cadanensis — h.
   Pitch, see Pinus Canadensis—h. Poison, Conium
   ■—h. Spruce,  Pinus Canadensis.
     Hemlock, Water, American, Cicuta maculata,
   Cicuta aquatica—h. Water, fine-leaved,  Phellan-
   drium aquaticum—h.  Wild, Cicuta maculata.
     HEMO-ANGIAIRRHAGIE,  Haemoptysis.
     HEMOCARDE,  Haeinocardiorrhagia.
     HEMOCARDIOPLASTIES, see Polypus.
     HEMODIA, Haemodia.
     HE3IO-ENCEPHALORRHAGIE,ArrorAexy.
     HEM 0 HE PA TORRHAGIE, Hepatorrhagia.
     HE3103IETRE, Ha3inadynamometer.
     II EM 031 YE LOR It HAG IE, Apoplexy, spinal.
     HEMOPERICARDE,  Haemopericardium.
     HEMOPTYSTE. Haemoptysis — h. Eoudroy-
    antc, see Hasmoptysis.
     HEMORRHAGE, Haemorrhagia—h. Acciden-
    tal, see Haemorrhagia—h. Active, see Haemorrha-
    gia—h. from the  Bladder, Cystirrhagia—h. Con-
    stitutional, see Haemorrhagia — h.  Critical, see
    Hiemorrhagia—h. by Exhalation, see Haemorrha-
    gia—h. External, see  Haemorrhagia—h. General,
    see Haemorrhagia — h. from the Intestines, Me-
    laena—h. Internal, see Haemorrhagia — h. Inter-
    stitial, Apoplexy—h. Local, see Haemorrhagia —
    h. of the Mucous Membranes, see Haemorrhagia
    —b. Passive, see  Hasmorrhagia—h. from the Pi-
    tuitary Membrane, Epistaxis—h. Pleural, ILcuia-
    tothorax — h. Secondary, see Haemorrhagia — h.
    from the Skin, Sudor  cruentus—h. Spinal, Apo-
    plexy, spinal—h.  Spontaneous, see Haemorrhagia
    —h. Supplementary, see Haemorrhagia—h. Symp-
    tomatic, see  Haemorrhagia—h. of the Tissues, see
    Hiemorrhagia — h. Traumatic, see Hasmorrhagia
    —h. Uterine, Metrorrhagia.
     HEMORRHAGIC  PLEURISY,  Haematotho-
    rax.
     HEMORRHAGIE BUCCALE, Stomatorrha-
    gia—h. Ciribrale, Apoplexy—h. du Coeur, Haemo-
    cardiorrhagia—h. du Foie, Hepatorrhagia—h. In-
    terstiticlle, Apoplexy—h. Interstitielle du Poumon,
    Haemoptysis—h. des  Intestins, Haematochezia —
    h. de la 3Iatrice, Metrorrhagia—h.  3finingie,
    Apoplexy meningeal — h.  de la  3Ioelle  ipiniere,
    Apoplexia myelitica—h. Nasale,  Epistaxis—h. de
   la Vessie, Cystirrhagia.
     HEMORRHAGIP'AROUS, (F.)  Himorrhagi-
   pure, from hamorrhagia, 'hemorrhage/ and pa-
   rire, 'to  bring forth.'  That which gives occasion
   to hemorrhage :  thus, softening of the neurine
   may be hemorrhagiparous.
     HE310RRHINTE, Epistaxis.
     1TE3IORRHO/DA1RE (F.).  One who is sub-
   jeci to hemorrhoids.
  HE3IORRHOIDES, Haemorrhois — h. Aveu-
gles, Caccae haemorrhoides.  See Hsemorrhois.
  HE310RRHOSCOPIE, H'aematoscopia.
  HE310SPASIE, Haemospasia.
  HE310SPASIQ UE, Haemospastic.
  HEMOSTASIE, Haemostasia.
  HEMOSTATICS, Haematostatica.
  HE3IOSTATIQUES, Haematostatica.
  HEMP,  INDIAN,  Apocynum cannabinum,
Bangue—h. Wild, Ambrosia trifida.
  HEMPWEED, AROMATIC, Eupatorium aro-
maticum— h. Roundleaved, Eupatorium rotundi-
folium.
  HEMPSEED, see Cannabis sativa.
  HENBANE, Hyoscyamus.
  HENBIT, Lamium amplexicaule.
  HEN-BLINDNESS, Hemeralopia.
  11ENNE, Lawsonia inermis.
  HENRICEA PHARMACEARCHA, Gentiana
chirayita.
  HENRICUS RUBENS, Colcothar.
  HEPAR, 'yrrap,  'genitive/ '-nnaros, 'liver.'  A
name for substances resembling liver in  appear-
ance.  The ancient name for the liver of sulphur,
Hepar sulphuris;  which  is sometimes  a com-
pound of sulphur  and potassium; at others, of
sulphur and potassa.   See  Potassae sulphuretum.
  Hepar Adiposum, Adiposis hepatica—h. Adul-
terinum, Spleen.
  Hepar  Antimonia'tum  is a  compound  of a
sulphuret  of antimony and an alkali.  See Oxy-
dum stibii sulphuratum.
  Hepar Mautia'le.  A compound  of sulphuret
of  potass and an oxide of iron.
  Hkpar  Sanguinis, see Blood — h. Sinistrum,
Spleen.
  Hepar Succenturia'tum.  An additional liver
or  liver lobe;  a case of malformation.
  Hepar  Sulphuris Salinum, Potassa?  sulphu-
retum—h. Sulphuris volatile, Ammoniae  sulphu-
retum—h. Uterinum, Placenta — h. Variegatuui,
Liver, nutmeg.
  HEPATAL'GIA,  Hepatodyn'ia,  Neuralgia
he'patis,  Colica  hepat'ica, from 't)-nap,  'nnaros,
'liver/ and  aXyos, 'pain.'  Pain in the  liver.
Neuralgia of the liver, (F.) Nivralgie du Foie.
  Hepatalgia Calculosa, Colica hepatica — h.
Petitiana,  Turgescentia   vesiculae  felleae—h.
Phleginonoides. Hepatitis.
  HEPATAPOSTE'MA, from <r,nap, 'nnaros, and
aitoarripa, 'an abscess.'  Abscess of the liver.
  HEPATARIUS, Hepatieus:
'  HEPATATROPH'IA, Atroph'ia seu Aridu'ra
he'patis, from 'nnap, 'nnaros, and atrophia, 'atro-
phy.'  Atrophy of the liver: — a general  con-
comitant of Cirrho'sis he'patis.
  HEPATAUXE,  Hypertroph'ia he'patis,  (F.)
Hyperhipatotroprhie, Hypertrophic du foie.   Hy-
pertrophy  of the liver.
  HEPATECHE'MA, Sou'itus  hepalicus, from
'nnap,  'nnaros, and  'ri^vpa, 'sound.'  Sound ren-
dered by the liver on  percussion.
  HEPATEMPHRAX'IS, from Va/>,  'viraros,
and eptppaaaur,  'I obstruct.'  Emphrax'is hepatis.
Hepatic  obstruction.—Ploucquet.
  HEPATENCEPHALO'MA,  Hepatomyelo'ma,
 Fungus he'patis medulla'ris, from 'rjnap, 'rifaros,
and tyKeipaXos, 'encephalon.'  Encephaloid of tbe
liver.
  HEPATE'RUS,  Hepalicus,  Jecora'rius.  A
variety of diarrhcea, Fluxus hepatieus.—Gorraeus.
  HEPATH,EMORRHAG"IA,  Hamorrhag"ia
hepat'ica,  Hepatorrhag"ia, Apoplex'ia  hepat'ica,
(F.) Himorrhagie  du foie,  Hirnohipatorrhagie,
from 'rfnap, 'rrraros, and 'aipoppayia, ' hemorrhage.'
Hemorrhage from the liver. 
HEPATIC
4 5G
HEPATOCIIOLORRIKEA
  HEPAT'IC.  Hepalicus, Hepattl rius, He pate'-
rns, Hcpato'i'tles, llepato'des, Jecortlrius, Jct-'oral,
(E.)   Hipatique  Jicoraire.  from  'rfnnp, lr]naTos.
Belonging or relating to or resembling liver.
  Hepatic Aii'teuy, Arte'ria Hepat'ica.  One of
tbe three  branches given off by  tbe  cceliac.  It
passes towards the  inferior surface of the liver;
wbere it divides  into  two branches, a right and
a left, which proceed  towards  the corresponding
parts of that organ.   The right  branch gives off
the cystic artery.   Before dividing, the hepatic
artery sends off two  considerable branches, the
A. pylorica and  Gastro-epiploica dextra.
   Hepatic  Duct,  Ductus hepalicus, (F.)  Canal
h'-patiqne,  is  about  three  fingers'  breadth in
length, and  of the size of a quill.  It is formed
by tbe union of the biliary ducts, and joins the
cystic duct at a very acute angle, to form the
ductus choledochus.  Its function  is  to convey
the bile from the liver towards the duodenum.
   Hepatic  Islets, see  Liver — h. Lobules, see
 Liver.
   Hepatic  Plexus,  Plexus hepalicus, consists
of nervous filaments, sent by tbe coeliac  plexus
to the liver, which accompany the hepatic artery.
   Hepatic  Veins, Supra-hepatic Veins,  Vena
cara hepat'ica, (F.) Veine.s sus-hipatiques, Intra-
 lobular veins, do  not follow  the course  of the
 arteries of  the  same name.  They arise  in the
 substance of  tbe  liver;  converge towards the
 posterior  margin of  that  viscus, and open into
 the  vena  cava inferior.  They convey away the
 blood carried  to the  liver by  the hepatic  artery
 and vena  porta.
   HEPAT'ICA.   Medicines believed to be ca-
 pable of affecting the liver.
   Hepatica, II. triloba — h. Americana, II. tri-
 loba— h.  Fontana, Marchantia polymorpha—h.
 Nobilis, It. triloba—h. Stellata, Asperula odorata.
   HEPATICA TRIL'OBA. H. America'na, Anemo'ne
 hepat'ica seu nob'ilis, Herba trrnita'tis, Hepat'ica,
 Hepalicus flos,  Trifo'lium hepat't'eum.  seu ail-
 renin, Liverwort, Liverweed, Trefoil, Noble Liver-
 rcort, Herb  Trin'ity, (F.) Hipatique des jar-dins.
 The  leaves of  this plant — Hepat'ica (Ph. U. S.)
 — are a gentle  astringent, but  not possessed of
 much virtue.
   HEPATICULA, Hepatitis,  chronic.
   HEPATICUS, Heputeros — h. Flos, Hepatica
 triloba.
   HEPATIFICATIO, Hepatization.
   HEPATTQUE, Hepatic—h. Etoilie, Asperula
 odorata — h. des Fontaine, Marchantia polymor-
 pha— h. des Jar-dins, Hepatica triloba.
   HEPATIRRHCE'A, Fluxus hepalicus, Dysen-
 ter'ia hepat'ica, Diarrhoe'a  hepat'ica, Hepator-
 rhoe'a, Hepatocholorrhoe'a, Hepatoelysenter'ia, He-
 patorrhaef'ia, Hamate'ra, Aimate'ra, (F.) Flux
 hipatique, from  'nnap, 'nnuros, and pita,  'I flow.'
 A  species of  diarrhoea  in which  the  excreted
 matters seem to  come from the liver, or are much
 mixed with bile.
   HEPATIS  EMUNCTORIA.  Inguen—h. Sus-
 pensorium,  Ligament, suspensory, of the liver.
   HEPATISATIO,   Hepatization — h.   Pulmo-
 nuiu. Hepatization of the Lungs.
   HEPATISATIOX, Hepatization — h.   Grise,
 see Hepatization—h.  Rouge, see Hepatization.
   HEPATITES VENA, Cava vena.
   HEPATI'TIS, Empres'ma  hepatitis,  Cauma
 seu  Infiamma'tio  he'patis,  I. Jecin'oris.  Febris
 hepat'ica  infiammato'ria,  Hepatalgia ph/egmo-
 itoi'eles, 3Torbus jecin'oris, Hcpatophleg'mone, In-
 fiammation of the liver, (F.) Hepatite, infiam-
 mation  du foie,  Piece, (Provincial);  from  'nnap,
 'nnaros,  ' liver/ and itis, denoting  inflammation.
It may be seated either  in  the peritoneal cover-
ing,  Sera-hepatitis, llejiati'tis vc/aiuento'sa  seu
extern'a,  Peritoni'tis  he pal ica,  Perihepatitis,
or in the substance of the liver, II,patltis paren-
cliymato'sa, or in both, Pitro-hejuttt'tis, nnd  may
be  acute or  chronic.   The peculiar symptoms
are:—pain in tbe right bypocbondrium, .shooting
to the back and right  shoulder, and increased on
pressure;  difficulty of lying  on  the left side;
sometimes jaundice  with cough,  and  synocha.
Its termination is  generally by resolution :—in
tropical climates it often runs on to suppuration,
Jcc'oris  vonlica,  Hepatitis   apostemuto'sti,  the
abscess breaking either  externally, or forming a
communication with  the intestines  or  chest, or
breaking  into  the cavity of the abdomen.  The
causes  are  those  of  inflammation  in  general.
Heat predisposes to it; hence Its greater frequency
in hot climates.  On dissection of those who have
died of it, the liver  has been found bard and en-
larged ; colour  of a deep purple; or the mem-
branes have been  more  or  less vascular;  or  ad-
hesions,  or tubercles,  or hydatids, or abscesses,
or biliary calculi may be met with.  Tbe treat-
ment must be bold.   Bleeding, general and local,
fomentations, blisters, purgatives,  and tbe anti-
phlogistic regimen.  In  hot climates especially, a
new action must be excited by mercury as early
as possible.
   Hepatitis Apostematosa, see Hepatitis.
   Hepatitis, Chronic  Hepatitis  citron'ica,  In-
fiamma'tio he'patis  lenta, Hepatitis occulta, He-
patic'ula, Snbinjlamma'tio he'patis, (F.) Chrono-
hipatite, Chronic liver elisease, is not as  common
as is believed.   It may be suspected from  the
existence  of  the   symptoms  above mentioned,
when in  a minor  degree; enlargement,  constant
dull pain in the region of the liver; sallow coun-
tenance;  high-coloured urine;  clay-coloured
faeces,  &c.  The great object  of treatment is to
excite  a  new action  by mercury and  counter-
irritants, and to keep  the liver free by cathartics.
   Hepatitis Cystica, Cholecystitis—h. Externa,
see Hepatitis—h. Occulta, H.  chronic — h. Ycla-
mentosa, see Hepatitis — h. Parenchymatosa, see
HepatitisI
   HEPATIZATION, Hepatisa'tio,  Ilepaiifiea'-
tio, from 'nirap, 'r/itaros.  Conversion  into a liver-
like substance.  Applied  to the  lungs when gorged
with effused matters,  so  that  they are no longer
pervious  to the air —  Hepatisa'tio pidino'nurn,
Carnifica'tio pulmo'num.  In such  state, they are
said to be hepatized.
   Hepatization,  Red,  (F.) Hipatisotion rouge,
Endurcissernent rouge, Ramollissemerit rouge, cha-
racterizes  the  first  stage of consolidation of the
lungs in pneumonia.
   Hepatization, Gray, (F.) Hipatisotion grise,
Induration grise, Rauio/lissement gris, Infiltration
purulente, characterizes the third  stage, or stage
of purulent infiltration.
   HEPATIZON,  Chloasma.
   HEPATOC'ACE, from 'nnap, '-nttaTos, and kokos,
'evil.'   Gangrene of the liver.
   HEPATOCE'LE,  from  V«p,  'nnaros,  and
KrfXii, 'a tumour:' Her'nin  hepat'ica; Hernia of
the, liver.  (F.) Hernie  tin foie.   The liver  has
never  been found   entirely  out of the  abdomi-
nal  cavity.   Increase of its   bulk, or  injuries
of the parietes of the abdomen, have been  the
sole cause  of  the protrusions which have been
occasionally met  with,  especially in infants, in
whom the  upper part of tbe  linea  alba  is  very
weak,  and indeed scarcely  seems to exist.  Sau-
vages has distinguished two species of bepatocelc:
—the ventral (in the linea alba), and the  umbili-
cal or hepatomphalnm.
   HEPATOCHOLORRHOZA, Hepatirrhoea. 
nEPATOCOLICUM          457              HERBARIUM
  IIEPATOCO'LK'CM.  A ligamentof the liver,  '
described by llaller, as  passing from tbe gall-  ,
bladder and contiguous  sinus  portarum, across
the dnodenuin. to the colon.   Another,  termed
llepnto-renal, descends from the root of the liver  j
to the kidney.  They are both peritoneal.
  HEPATOCYSTIC,  Hejratocys'ticus,  Cystide-
pat'icns, from 'nnap, 'rinaros, and kvotis, ' bladder.'
Kdating to the liver and gall-bladder.
   Hepatocystic  Duct,  Ductus  hepatocysl icus.
Tbe choledoch  duct.
   HEP'ATODYME, Hepatod'ymus, from  'nnap,
'nnaros, and  oiSvpos, 'a twin.'   A monster united
at the  liver, and double above.
   HEPATODYNIA, Hepatalgia.
   IIEI'ATODVSENTERIA, Hepatirrhoea.
   HEPATOGASTRIC, Gastrohepatic.
   IIEI'ATOGASTROCHOLOSIS, Fever, bilious,
Fever, gastric.
   HEPATOGRAPHY,  Hcpatogra'phia;   from
'nnap,  'rinaros.  and ypaipv,  'a description.'   The
part of anatomy which describes the liver.
   HEPATOH45'MIA, Hypera'mia  he'patis, He-
put'ic  Engorge'ment, (F.) Hyperimie du Foie, from
'nttip,  'rinaros, and  'atpa, ' blood.'   Sanguineous
congestion of the liver.
   HEPATODES, Hepatic.
   HEPATOIDES, Hepatic.
   HEPATOLITHI'ASIS,  from  'nn-up,  'rinaros,
und Xtdtaats, 'formation of stone.'  The forma-
tion of concretions, Hepatolithi, in the liver.
   IIEPATOL'OGY,  Hepatolotfi'ia,  from  'nnap,
'rinaros, and Xoyos, ' a  discourse/ ' treatise.'  A
treatise on  the  liver.
   HEPATOMALA'CIA, 3lalaco'sis  he'patis, (F.)
Rtimollissement du Foie.  Softening  of the liver.
   HEPATOM'PHALUS,  from  'nnap,  'nnaros,
'liver/ and  opupaXos, 'navel.'  Hernia of  the liver
at the  umbilicus.
   IIEPATOMYELOMA, Hepatencephaloma.
   IIEPATON'CUS, from 'nnap, 'nnaros, and oyKos,
'a tumour.'   Tumefaction of the liver.
   HEPATOPAREC'TAMA,  from 'r,nap, 'rinaros,
rnd napeKrapa,  ' considerable  extension.'   Exces-
sive enlargement of the liver.
   HEPATOPATHI'A, from 'Vnap,  'vnaros,  and
waBos,  'suffering.'  Liver-disease.  Disease of the
 liver.
   HEP ATOP ATHTE CAXCEREUSE, Hepa-
toscirrhus—h.  Tuberculeuse, Hipatostrumosie.
   HEPATOPIILEGMONE, Hepatitis.
   HEPATOPHTIII'SIS, Phthisis hepat'ica, from
'nnap,  'i/Toroj, and tpdttj), ' I  consume.'  Consump-
tion from suppuration of the  liver.
   HEPATORRHAGIA, Hepatirrhoea, Hepathae-
morrhagia.
   HEPATORRIIEXTS, from  'nnap, 'nnaros, and
pniis. ' rupture.'  Rupture of the liver.
   HEPAT0RRH03A,  Hepatirrhoea.
   IIEPA TOSAR003T1E, Hepatoscirrhus.
   HEPATOSCIR'RHUS,  from 'nnap,  'rinaros,
and o-Ktppos,  ' cancerous induration.'   Scirrhus
he'patis, Enccphalo'sis or Careino'ma of the liver,
(F.) Hirratosarcomie,  llepatopathie  cancereuse,  J
Cancer du  Foie.   Scirrhus  or  Cancer of  the  I
hver.
   HEPATOSTRU3IOSTE.  Tuber'cula  he'patis,
(F.) Tuber-cities du Foie,  Hipatopathie  tubercu-
leuse •  from  'nnap,  'rinaros, and  struma,  'a tu-
mour/   'a scrofulous tumour.'  Tubercle of the
liver.
  HEPATOT'OMY.  from  'n^ap,  'nnaros,   and
t£/ii«>,  'I cut.'  Dissection  of the liver.
  HEPIALOS, Epialos.
  HEPS, see Rosa canina.
  HEPSEMA,  Decoction.
  HEPSESLS,  Decoction.
  HEPTAL CYCLE, see Cycle.
  HEPTAL'LOX  GRAVEOLENS,  Hogwort,
Bears' fright.  An  indigenous plant, which  has
a fetid porcine smell; and is said to be used by
the Indians as a diaphoretic,  cathartic, ifec.
  HEPTAPHAR'MACU.M, from 'enra, 'seven,'
and ipappaKov, 'a remedy.'  A medicine composed
of seven substances; cerusse,  litharge, pitch, wax,
colophony, frankincense, and  bullock's fat. It was
regarded as laxative,  suppurating and healing.
  HEPTAPHYLLUM, Tormentilla.
  IIF.PTAPLEURON, Plantago major.
  HERACLEUM, see II.  lanatum —h. Branca,
H. spondylium.
  Heracle'um Spondyl'iim, 77. Bran'ea, Branca
ursi'na seu German'ica, Spondylium, Sphondyl-
ium,  Cow Parsne/i, All-heal,  fate-mumble, (Sc.)
Bnnavand, (Prov.)  Cnshia,  (F.) Berce,  Branc-
ursine bdtarde, Fausse Acttnthe.  Order, Umbel-
liferae.  Sex. Syst.  Pentandria Digynia.   Dedi-
cated to 'HpiikXiis, ' ILrcules.'  The  root  of  this
plant has a strong, rank smell; and a pungent,
almost caustic taste.   It  has been given  as a
tonic, stomachic and carminative ; both in powder
and  in  decoction.  The Russians,  Lithuanians,
and  Poles  obtain  from its seeds and  leaves, by
fermentation, a very intoxicating spirituous liquor,
which they call Parst.
  The root of Heracle'um Lana'tnm. 3Tastencort,
Coiv parsnep,—Heracle'um (Ph. II. S.)—is in the
secondary list of the Pharmacopoeia of the United
States.
  HERACLEUS MORBUS,  Epilepsy.
  HERB, Herba, Bolane.  Any  ligneous plant,
which loses its  stalk during the winter.
  Herb, Blessed, Geum  urbanum—h. Christo-
pher, Actaea  spicata.
  Herb-Doctor, Botan'ical doctor or 2)hysic"ian.
One who treats diseases altogether by herbs; as
the—so called—" Thompsonians."
  Herb op Oiiace,  Gratiola  officinalis — h. Mas-
tich, common, Thymus  mastichina—h. Mastich,
Syrian,  Teucrium  marum — h. Peter, Primula
veris  h.  Robert, Geranium  Robertianum — h.
of Saint Cunegonde, Eupatorium cannabinum—h.
Sophia, Sisymbrium sophia—h. Trinity, Hepatica
triloba.
  HERBA, Herb — h.  Alexandrina, Smyrnium
olusatrum—h. Althaeae, Pelargonium  cucullatum
— h. Anthos, Rosmarinus—h. Benedicta, Geum
urbanum—h. Britannica, Rumex hydrolapathum
— h.  Cunni,  Artemisia  santonica—- h.  Cardiaca,
Leonurus cardiaca —h. Cardui veneris, Dipsacus
fullonum — h. Dorca, Solidago virgaurea—h. Fe-
lis, Nepeta—h. Genipi, Achillea atrata—h. Ignis,
Lichen pyxidatns — h. Melancholifuga, Fumaria
—h. Militaris, Achillea  millefolium — h. Papilla-
ris, Lapsana — h. Paralyseos. Primula veris — h.
Paralytica, Primula veris—h. Patae lapinae, Leo-
nurus cardiaca— h. Pulicaris,  Plantago psyllium
— h. Quercini.  Lichen plicatus — h. Sacra, Ver-
bena officinalis—h.  Salivaris, Anthemis  pyre-
thrum— h. Sardonia, Ranunculus  sceleratus—h.
Scelerata, Ranunculus scleratus — h. Sideritidis,
Galeopsis grandiflora — h. Tahaci, Nicotiana taba-
cuin—h. Trinitatis, Anemone hepatica,  Viola tri-
color—h. Veneris, Adiantum  pedatum — h. Ven-
tis,  Anemone  Pulsatilla—h. Vitri,  see Salsola
kali — h. Zazarhendi, Origanum.
  HERBiE PRO ENEMATE, Glyster herbs —
h. pro fotu, Fomentation herbs.
  HERBALIST, Herborist.
  HERBA'RIUM,  from  herba,  a  plant.  (F.) 
HERBARIUS              458                HERNIA
Herbier.  A collection of plants.  Generally ap-
plied to a collection of dried plants — Hortus sic-
cus.  In Pharmacy, a plant that is used entire.
  HERBARIUS, Herborist.
  HERBE, Herb—h. mix Abcilles, Spiraea ulma-
ria— h. an  Cancer, Plumbago Europaea — h. an
Centanre, Chironia centaurium—h. aux Chantres,
Erysimum—h. aux Charpentiers,  Achillea mille-
folium, Justitia pectoralis—h. aux  Chats, Nepeta,
Teucrium marum — h. an Coq, Tanacetum  bal-
samita—h.  au Cuillers, Cochlearia  officinalis —
h. aux  Ecronelles, Scrophularia nodosa—h. aux
Ecus, Lysimachia nummularia—h. d  Eternuer,
Achillea ptarmica—-A. d la Fievre, Chironia cen-
taurium—h. aux Femmes battues, Tamus commu-
nis—h.  de Grace, Ruta—A. aux Gueux,  Clematis
vitalba—h. aux  Himorrhoides, Ranunculus fica-
ria—h. d I'Hi rondel le,  Chelidonium  majus—It. d
la Houelte, Asclepias  Syriaca — h. d'Irroguc, Lo-
lium temulentum—h. des Juifs, Solidago virgau-
rea—h. aux Ladres, Veronica—h. aux 3lamelles,
Lapsana — h. aux 3Touches, Conyza  squarrosa —
h. aux  3furailles, Parietaria — h.  des  Nones, Pa-
rietaria — h. aux Oies,  Potentilla reptans—h. d
Paris, Paris—h. d la Paralysie, Primula veris—
h. au Pauvre honane, Gratiola officinalis—h. aux
Perles,  Lithospermum  officinale — h.   d Pisser,
Pyrola  umbellata — h. d la  Poudre de  Chypre,
Hibiscus abelmoschus—//. aux Poux, Delphinium
staphisagria—h. 6. la Puce, see Apocynum hyperi-
cifolium—-h. aux Puces commune,  Plantago  psyl-
lium—h. d Robert, Geranium Robertianum—h. d
la  Rosie,  Drosera  rotundifolia—h.  de Sainte
Barbe, Erysimum barbarea—h. Sainte  Christophe,
Actaea spicata—h. de Sainte Etienne, Circaea lute-
tiana — h. Saint Fiacre, Verbascum  thapsus—h.
lie Saint Jean, Artemisia vulgaris—h. Saint Jean,
Glechoma hederacea — h. de  Saint Quirin, Tus-
silago—A. de Saint Roch, Inula dysenterica — h.
Sainte  Rose,  Paeonia—h.  aux Sorciers, Circaea
lutetiana, Datura stramonium—h. aux Teigneux,
Arctium lappa — h.  d  Tons  les  manx, Verbena
officinalis—h. Turque, Herniaria glabra — A. aux
 Vers, Tanacetum vulgare—A. aux  Venues, Helio-
tropium Europaeuin.
  HERBIER, Herbarium, Ingluvies.
  HERBIVOROUS,  Herbiv'orus,  from  herba,
'grass/ and voro, 'I eat.'  An epithet- applied to
animals which feed on  herbs.
  HE.R'BORIST, Hcrbclrius.  One who deals in
useful plants.  An  Herb'alist or Herb'arist.
  HERBORIZA'TION,  Herba'rum  inquisil'io.
An  excursion, made with the view  of collecting
plants.    Such  excursions  are directed by  the
Apothecaries' Company of London, for the  use
of  their apprentices,  <fcc.
  HERBS, FIVE CAP'ILLARY, Quinque herba
capilla'res, were, anciently, hart's tongue; black,
white, and golden maiden-hair, and  spleenwort.
  Herbs, Five Emol'lient, Quinque herba  emol-
lierltes, were,  anciently,  beet, mallow, marsh-
mallow, French mercury, and violet.
  HERCULES ALLHEAL, Pastinaca opoponax.
   HERCULES MORBUS, Epilepsy.
  HEREDITAIRE, Hereditary.
  UEREB'IT ARY,Haredita'rius,Heredita'rius,
 Geutilil'ius, Sym'phytos, Syn'genes, (F.) Hiridi-
taire, from haris, haredis, 'an heir.'  An epithet
given  to diseases, communicated from progeni-
tors.  Such  diseases  may exist at birth ; or they
may supervene at a more or less advanced period
of existence.  Hereditary diseases, Morbi heredi-
ta'rii, (F.) 3Tulailies  hiriditaires, often prevail
amongst several members  of a family, or are
family diseases or complaints.
   UEB.MA?E]iOT)F'i:TY,Hermaphrodis'ia,Her-
maphroditis'mus, Hermophrodis'mus, Fab'rica an-
drofyrta, Androgyu'ia,  Gynarldria,  Hermapll-
jl rodism,  Hermopll rod it ism ;  from  'Kpptit  ' Mcr-
| cury/ and Ai],poStrri,  ' Venus.'  Appertaining to
I Mercury and Venus.   Union of the two sexes in
 the same individual.
    HEliMAPHRODISIA,  Ifermaphrodcity.
    HERMAPH'RODITE.  Same etymon.   Her.
 maphrodi'tits,Gy'niiltt,Androg"ynns, (Sc.) Scarcht,
 (Prov.) Serat.   One who possesses the attributes
 of male and  female:  who  unites  in  himself tho
 two sexes.  A term, applied to an animal or plant
 which is, at the  same time, both mule and female.
 True  hermaphrodites  are  only met  with  in the
 lower degrees of the animal  scale, amongst the
 zoophytes, mollusca,  or  gasteropoda.  The indi-
 viduals of the human species, regarded as herma-
 phrodites, owe this appearance to a  vicious con-
 formation of the genital organs; a kind of mon-
 strosity,  which renders them unfit for generation,
 although an attentive examination may exhibit
 the true  sex.   Hermaphrodites have, likewise,
 been  described, which,  instead  of  uniting tho
 attributes of both sexes,  cannot  be considered
 male  or female.   These have been  called neutral
 hermaphrodites.
    HERMAPHRODITISM!^, Hermaphrodeity.
    HERMAPHRODITES, Hermaphrodite.
    HERMETTCA DOCTKI'NA, Hermetica ins,
 (F.)  Hermitiqite.   The doctrine  of Hermes,  a
 celebrated Egyptian philosopher, who is con-
 sidered  the  father  of alchemy.   That part of
 chymistry, whose object was the pretended  trans-
 mutation of the metals.
    HERMODAC'TYLUS, Dactyle'tus, An'ima ar-
 ticrtlo'rum, from 'Ep^ojj,  'Mercury,' and iaK-rvXos,
 'a finger;' or rather from Hermits, a  river in
 Asia, upon  whose banks it grows, and AqktvXos,
 'a date ;' or from 'Kppris, '  Mercury/ and iasTvXos,
 'a date;' (F.) Hermodactyle, Hennodacte ou Her.
 modate.   The root of the Hermodactyl was for-
 merly used as a cathartic.  By some, it is sup-
 posed to be identical  with  the   Iris  titbero'sa.
 The best testimony seems  to be in favour of its
 being a  variety of  the  colchicum.— Colchicum
 Illyr'icum.   Under the name Hermodactyls, roots
 or bulbs of  an  unknown  plant, growing  in the
 countries  about the  eastern  extremity  of the
 Mediterranean,  are sold in the shops of Europe.
    11EI1310DA  TE, Ilennodactylus.
    HEK.MOPH'ILUS,  from 'kppns,  'Mercury/
 and <ptXos, 'a lover.'   One  who is fond of mercury
 as a medicine.
    HER'NIA,  Rarnex,   lluptilra,  R.  hernin'sa,
  Crepattlra,  Ectop'ia  hernio'sa,  Cele,  Rupture,
 Burst, (F.)  Hargne, Dcsceute,  Effort,  Grecetire,
 Rompeure.  From tpvos, 'a  shoot' [?"|. Any tumour,
 formed by the displacement of a viscus or a por-
 tion of a viseus, which  has escaped  from  its na-
 tural cavity by some aperture, and  projects exter-
 nally.  Herniae have been divided into,— 1. Her-
 nia  of the  Brain; Encephaloeele; 2. Hernia of
 the Thorax ;  Pneuraocele  ; 3. Hernia of the Ab-
 domen.
    Abdoin'inal  Hernia  are remarkable for their
 frequency,  variety,  and  the  danger  attending
 them.  They are  produced by tbe protrusion of
 the viscera, contained in  the  abdomen, through
 the natural or accidental apertures in the parietes
 of that  cavity.   The organs, which form them
  most frequently, are the  intestines  and the epi-
 ploon.  These hernia- have been divided, accord-
 ing to the apertures  by  which they escape, into:
    1.  In'tjnirial or Supra-Pilbian Hernia.  These
  issue  by the inguinal canal :  they are called Bu-
  bonoce'le. when small; and  Scrotal Hernia  or
  Oscheocele, in  man, when they descend into the
  scrotum : — Vulvar Hernia or Puden'dal or /."'-
  bial  Hernia, Episr'oce'le,  in  women, when  they
  extend to the  labia majora.   2. Crural or Fem'-
  oral  Hernia, 3le'roce'le, when they  issue  by tho 
HERNIA                  459                 IIERXIE'
crural canal.   3. Tnfiii-Pu'bian Hernia, (F.)TIer-
Hi'e soits-pitbienne, Odtleoce'le, Opeocc'/e, Ojrodeo-  j
ce'le, Her'nia foram'iuis ortllis, when the viscera
escape through the opening,  which gives passage
to the infra-pubian vessels.  4. Ischial ic Hernia ;
when  it takes  place  through  the sacro-sciatic
notch.  5.  Umbilical Hernia, Exonlphalos, Orn-
phaloce'le;  when it occurs  at the  umbilicus  or
near  it.   6.  Epigus'trie  Hernia; — occurring
through the linea alba, above the umbilicus.  7.
Hi/pogiistric  or  Infra-umbilical Hernia,  Calio-
ce'le, lly/rogastroce'le, — when  it occurs through
tbe linea alba below the umbilicus.  8.  Perina'ul
Hernia,Mcsosceloc.e'li'.,  Her'nia perina'i, Perinao-
ce'le, I'ci-ineoee'le—when it takes place through
the levator ani,  and appears at the perineum.  9.
 Vinfiiiitl  Hernia,  Colce.e'le  seu  Elytroce'le —
through the parieties  of the vagina.  10.  Dia-
 pliriigmalic Hernia, Diaphragmatoce'le ; when it
passes through the diaphragm.
   Ilerniae are likewise distinguished,—according
 to the viscera forming them, — into Enteroce'le,
 Epipl'ice'le,  En'tero-epiploce'le,  Gastroce'le, Cys-
 toce'le, Ilcpatoce'le, Splenoce'le, &c
   When a hernia can be restored to its natural
 cavity, by the aid of  pressure, Ac., properly ap-
 plied, it is said  to be reducible.  It is, on the con-
 trary, irreducible, when  adhesion, bulk,  &c, op-
 pose its return.  When  the aperture,  which has
 given passage to the  hernia,  occasions  more or
 less constriction  on the  protruded portion, the
 hernia is said to be incar'cerated or stran'guluted ;
 and, if the constriction  be  not  removed, consti-
 pation, hiccough, vomiting,  and  all the signs of
 violent inflammation, fullowed by  gangrene, su-
 pervene,  with alteration  of the features,  small
 pulse, cold  extremities, and death.
   The therapeutical indications are, — 1. As  re-
 gards reducible hernia: — to replace tho viscera
 in the abdomen by the taxis;  and to retain them
 there by the use  of a truss, which, if properly
 adapted, may effect a  radical cure.  2. As regards
 irreelucible hernia: — to support the  tumour-by
 an  appropriate  suspensory bandage.  3. As  re-
 gards  strangulated hernia:—to  have recourse  to
 the taxis ;  blood-letting;  warm  bath ;  tobacco
 glysters ; ice to the tumour; and, if these should
 not succeed, to perform an operation, which con-
 sists in dividing the covering  of the hernia, and
 cutting the aponeurotic ring, which  causes the
 strangulation; — reducing the displaced viscera,
 unless their diseased  condition should  require
 them to be retained without;—dressing the wound
 appropriately:—restoring the  course of the faeces
 by means of gentle glysters—preventing or com-
 bating inflammation of tbe abdominal  viscera ;—
 conducting the wound to cicatrization, by appro-
 priate means ; and afterwards supporting  the ci-
 catrix by a bandage.
    The word hernia was also used,  of old, for the
 scrotum, and, not unfrequently, for the testicle.
    Hernia,  Aneurismal, Cirsomphalus—h. Ar-
 teriarum, see Aneurism—h. of the Bladder, Cys-
 tocele—h. Bronchialis, Bronchocele—h. Carnosa,
 Sarcocele—h. of the  Cerebellum, Parencephalo-
 cele—h. Cerebri, Encephalocele.
    Hernia, Concen'ital, Hernia congen'ita, is a
 protrusion of some of the contents of the abdomen
 into the  Tunica vaginalis testis, owing to a want
 of adhesion between  its sides, after the descent
 of the testicle.
   Hernia  Corner, Ceratocele — h. Crural, Me-
 rocele — h.  Epiploic,  Epiplocele—h. Femoral,
•Merocele — h.  Foraminis  Ovalis,  see Hernia —
 h.  Gutturis, Bronchocele — h.  Hepatica,  Hepa-
 toeele.
   Hernia Humora'i.is.  Empres'ma Orchitis, Di-
 tiymi'tis. Orchitis, Orchidi'tis, Infiamma'tio tes'-  \
 tium,  tnjiamma'tion of the Tes'ticle, Swelled Tes-  j
tide. Hernia Ven'eris,  Orchioce'le,  Orchidoce'le,
Orchidotlcus, (F.) Inflammation  dn testicule, Or-
chite. Swelling and inflammation of the testicle is
acommon sympton of gonorrhcea,(F.)CA«»u'ejji'4Ke
tombie dans  les  Bourses; but it may arise  from
external injuries, or from  other  causes.  It is a
disease  which cannot be mistaken, and the treat-
ment must obviously  be strongly antiphlogistic,
supporting the testicle during the treatment, and
for some time afterwards : methodical compres-
sion has also been found useful. The disease is
not generally of a serious character, going off as
suddenly as it comes on.  As it  affects the epidi-
dymis more especially, when supervening on go-
norrhoea or blennorrhea, it is sometimes termed
blenorrhag"ic epielidymi'tis.
   Hernia  Incarcbrata,  Entero-peristole — h.
Inguinalis, Bubonocele—h. Intestinalis.  Entero-
cele—h. Intestinalis omentalis, Entero-epiplocele
— h. Iridis, Ptosis Iridis — h. Ischiutica, Ischio-
cele—h. Lienalis, Splenocele.
   Her'niA Litt'iuca, //. e Dirertic'nlo Intestlni.
Hernia first described by Littre, in  which the in-
testinal canal proper is not included  in the hernial
sac, the protruded portion of intestine consisting
of a digital prolongation of the ileum, which Littre
concluded was  formed by the gradual extension
of a knuckle of the bowel, that had  been  engaged
in the inguinal  canal.
   Hernia of the Liver,  Hepatocele—h. of  the
Lung, Pneumocele.
   Hernia,  Mesocol'ic,   Her'nia  Mesoco'lica.
 Hernia, caused  by  the bowels  gliding  between
 the  layers of the mesocolon.—Sir A. Cooper.
   Hernia,Omental, Epiplocele ^h. Parorchido-
 enterica, Parorchido-enterocele—h. Perinaei, see
 Hernia—h. Pharyngis, Pharyngocele—h. Phrenic,
 Diaphragmatic  hernia — h. Pinguedinosa Scroti,
 Liparocele — h. of  the  Pleura, Pleurocele— h.
 Pleurica et pulmonalis,  Pleurocele—h. Pudendal,
 Pudendal hernia — h. Sueci lacrymalis,  Lachry-
 mal hernia, Mucocele—h. Scrotalis. Scrotocele—
 h. Seminalis scroti,  Spermatocele—h. of  the Sto-
 mach,  Gustrocele— h. Suprapubian,  II.  inguinal
 —h. of tbe  Tongue,  Glossocele — h. Umbilicalis,
 Epiplomphalon, Exomphalos—h. Umbilici Aquo-
 sa,  Hydromphalum—h. Urachi, Urompbalus—h.
 Uteri,  Hysterocele — h.  Varicose, Cirsocele — h.
 Varicosa, 'Varicocele — h.  Venarum, Varix — h.
 Veneris, Hernia humoralis—h.  Ventosa, Phvso-
 eele—h. Ventral, see Ventral—b. Ventriculi, Gus-
 trocele—h.  Vesicas Urinariae,  Cystocele—h. Zir-
 balis,  Epiplocele.
   HERNFAIRE, Hernial, Herniaria glabra.
   HER'NIAL, Hernia'rius, (F.) Herniaire.  Be-
 longing to, or  concerning  hernia:—as  Hernial
 Bandage, Hernial Sac.  &c.
   The (F.)Hernii, is applied to a part enveloped
 in a hernial sac.  (F.) Ilernicnx, Cele'ta, Celo'tes,
 Rup'tured,  Burst, Bursten, means one  affected
 with hernia; and Chirurgien  herniaire,  one who
 devotes himself to the treatment of hernia.
   HERNIA'RIA GLABRA,  H.  vulga'ris  seu
 hirsu'ta seu alpes'tris seu arlnua seu cine'rea seu
 frutico'sa,  31illigra'na,  Enlpetrrim,  Rupture-
 wort,  from hernia,  'rupture.'  (F.)  Herniaire,
 Turquctte, Herniate, Herbe Turque.  Ord. Paro-
 nychieae.  This plant, which as  its name imports,
 was formerly considered efficacious in  the  cure
 of hernia,  seems destitute  of all virtues.
   HERNIARIUS,  Hernial.
   HERN IE CHARNUE, Sarcocele—A. de V Epi-
 ploon,  Epiplocele — A. de I'Estomac, Gastrocele—
 A. dn Foie,  Hepatocele—A. Inguinale, Bubonocele
 — A. du Nombril. Exomphalos — A. Ombilicale,
 Exomphalos—h. dn  Poumon, Pneumocele—h. da
 la Vessie, Cystocele.
   HERN IE, Hernial. 
HERNIEMPHRAGMUS        460         IIETEROPROSOPUS
   HERNIEMPHRAC'MUS,   Hcmiemphrax'is,
 from hernia,  and iptppuypos,  'obstruction.'   Tbe
 mechanical obstruction of a hernial canal for the
 radical cure of the hernia.
   HERN1EUN,  Hernial.
   HERXIOLE, Herniaria glabra.
   HERNIOTOMY, Celotomia.
   IIERO'IC,  Hero'icus, Ilero'ius, Hero'ns,  from
 'ipins, 'a hero.'   An  epithet applied to remedies
 or practice of a violent character.
   HERPEDON, Herpes.
   HERPEN, Herpes.
   HERPES,  Erpes, Herpe'don, Herpen, Serpens,
 from 'epntn, 'I  creep;'   because  it creeps  and
 spreads about the skin ; Ecphly'sis Herpes, Cy-
 tis'ma  Herpes,  Tetter,  Fret, (F.) Dartre,  Olo-
 phlyctide.   A vesicular disease, which,1 in  most
 of its  forms,  passes through a regular  course of
 increase, maturation, decline, and termination, in
 from 10 to 14 days.  The vesicles arise in  dis-
 tinct, but irregular clusters, which commonly ap-
 pear in quick succession, and near together, on
 an inflamed base ; generally attended with heat,
 pain,  and  considerable  constitutional  disorder.
 The term,  like all others which refer to cutaneous
 diseases, has  not been accurately defined.   The
 ancients had three varieties :  the miliary,  Kty-
 Xfjtatos; vesicular,  tpXvKTaivor6rjs,  and  ero'ding,
 coStopevos.   Bateman has the following  varieties :
 1. Herpes Phlyct.-enodes, Herpes mitia'ris,  Ee-
 phly'sis Herpes  31iliilris,  Nir/es, (F.)  Dartre
 phlyctenoide,  in  which  the vesicles are  millet-
 sized ;  pellucid;  clusters commencing on an un-
 certain part of the body, and being progressively
 strewed over  the rest of the surface ;  succeeded
 by fresh crops.  2. Herpes Zoster, Zoster, Zona
 ig'nea seu  serpigino'sa, Ignis Per'sicus,  Cinzilla,
 Ciilgiilum, Sacer ignis, Ecphly'sis Herpes zoster,
 Herpes peris'eel is, Erysip'elas zoster seu phlycta-
 mii'des seu pustnlo'sa, Zona, Cir'cinns, Perizo'ma,
 (F.) Ceinture, C.  dartreuse, Feu  Persique, Ery-
 sipele   pustitleux,   Shingles,  (Prov.)  Gruels, in
 which   the vesicles are pearl-sized; the clusters
 spreading  round the body like a girdle; at times
 confluent,  and occasionally  preceded by constitu-
 tional irritation.  3. Herpes Circina'tus. Formi-
 ca arnbulato'ria, Au'iiulus re'pens, Herpes Serpi-
 go, Serpigo, Ecphly'sis Hayes Circina'tus, Ring-
 worm,   Vesic'plar Ringworm, consisting of vesi-
 cles  with a reddish base, uniting in  rings;  the
 area  of the  rings  slightly  discoloured, often
 followed by fresh  crops.  4. Herpes  Labia'lis,
 and  5.  Herpes Pr^eputia'lis, Aphtha prapn'tii,
 Ulcns'citla prapn'tii, appearing, respectively, on
 the lips aud prepuce. 6. Herpes Iris, Iris, Rain-
 bow-worm,  occurring in small circular patches,
 each of which is composed of concentric rings of
 different colours.  To these  may be added, Her-
 pes Ex'ede.vs, H. esthiom'enns seu depascens seu
 ferns seu estiotrlenus senferox, Ecphly'sis Herpes
 ex'edens, Darta excoriatlva  seu mitlig'ua, Lupus
 non exedens, Formica corrosi'ca, Forruix, Pap'ula
 fiera, Ulcerative Ringworm, A'gria, (F.) Dartre
 rongeante,  in which the vesicles are hard ; clusters
 thronged;  fluid dense,  yellow or  reddish,   hot,
 acrid, corroding the subjacent skin, and spread-
 ing in serpentine trails.
   All the  varieties demand simply an  antiphlo-
 gistic treatment, when attended with febrile irri-
 tation.   The  herpes circinatus,  alone, requires
 the use of astringent applications which have the
 power of repressing the eruption.
   Herpes  Depascens, H.  exedens — h. Esthio-
menus,  H. exedens — h. Estiomenus, H. exedens
—h. Farinosus, Pityriasis—h. Ferox, H. exedens
— h. Ferus, H. exedens — h. Furfuraceus, Pityri-
asis— h. Furfuraceus circinatus,  Lepra, H. exe-
dens — h. Miliaris, II. phlyctaenoides — h. Peris-
I celis,  H. zoster — h.  Serpigo, H. circinatus — h.
 Tonsurans, Porrigo decalvans.
   HERPETIC,  Hcrpelicus,  (F.)  Herpeti,{uCl
 Dortreux.  Possessing the nature of  herpes.
   IlERPETOG'RAPHY, He.rpetogruph'iu, fro,n
 'epntis, 'herpes/and ypaifa], 'a description.'  A de-
 scription of the different forms of herpes, as Her-
 petology, Hcrpetolog"in, is a treatise on the same,
 and also on reptiles, from 'tpnerov, 'a reptile'
   HER'PETON, He,-pelican,  from  'cp.-ruv, 'to
 creep.'   A creeping  eruption or  ulcer. — Hippo-
 crates.
   HERPYLOS, Thymus serpyllum.
  _ HERUENSCWHAND'S  SPECIFIC, see Spe-
 cific of Herrenschwand.
   IIERRIN. Urine.
   HERSKET, Ardor ventriculi.
   HESPERIS ALLIARIA, Alljaria.
   H ETERADELPH'IA, Heterodidym'ia, Hetero-
 elyrrlia,  from 'tripos, 'other/ and  a&tXtyos,  'a
 brother.'  A  double  monstrosity, in  which  the
 components of the double bodies are very unequal,
 and of which one portion may be regarded as the
 stem or trunk, to which  another  organized part,
 or even a whole  body, less developed  than  itself,
 is affixed like a parasite.
   IIETERADEN'IC, Heteraderl icus, (F.)  lliti-
 radiniqne, from 'trtpos, 'other/ and ahnv, 'a gland.'
 An accidental tissue  is  so termed, which  has a
 glandular structure, but occurs in parts devoid of
 glands.
   HETEROCHRONTCUS,  Heterocllronus,  from
 'trtpos, and xpovos, ' time.'  Relating to difference
 of time.
   Pulsus heterochrorlicus.   A pulse  of varyin"
 rhythm.   An irregular or intermittent pulse.
   HETEROCHYMEU'SIS,  from  'tripos,  and
 Xvptvois,  'mixture.'  A state  of the  blood  in
 which  it contains other matters  than in health,
 as urea, bile,  &c.
   HETEROCLITE,  see  Homology, and Tissues.
   HETEROCRANIA, Hemicrania.
   HETEROCR1NTA, from 'trtpos, and Kpivm, 'I
 separate.'  Modification  in the situation of secre-
 tions.—Andral.
   HETERODIDYMIA,  Heteradelphia.
   HETERODYMIA, Heteradelphia.
   HETEROGENESIS,  see  Generation.   Also,
 any anomaly  in organic formation.
   HETEROLALIA, Ileterophonia.
   HETEROLOGOUS TISSUES, see Tissues.
   HETEROMORPH'ISM,   Heterornorphis'mus,
 from   'credos,  and  poptpt],  'shape.'  A  deviation
 from the natural shape of parts.
   HETEROMORPHOUS, see Homology.
   IIETEROPA'GIA ; from  -trtpos, and naynr, 'I
 unite together.'  A double monstrosity, in which
 the accessory subject, which is very small and
 imperfect, but provided with  a distinct head, and
 at least rudimental lower limbs, has its body im-
 planted on the anterior surface of the  body of the
 principal subject.
   HETEROPATHIC, Allopathic.
   HETEROTHO'NIA,  from  'tripos,  and  tjnovr,,
 'voice.'  A cracked or broken  voice.   A change
 of the voice or speech—Hetcrola'lia.
   HETEROPHTHAL'MIA,  from 'trtpos,  and
 otpSaXpos, 'eye.'  A difference in  tbe two eyes,—
 as when one squints, or is of a different colour.
   HETEROPLASM'US, from 'trtpos,  and nXacpa,
 ' formation.'  A morbid formation foreign to tbe
 economy,  and which is  composed of  elements
 different from  those that are found in  it in the
 normal condition.
   H ETEROPLAS'TY,  Heterophil tice,  Hetero.
pla'sia, from  'trtpos, and  nXaaau, ' I form.'  Irre-
 gular plastic or formative actions or  operations,
 that do not admit of exact classification.
   HETEROPROSO'PUS, from  'trtpos,  and npo- 
HETEROPUS               401   HIERA  DIACOLOCYN T1IIDOS
Mrrov, 'countenance.'   A monster  having  two
face*.—Gurlt.                                  |
  HET'EKOPUS,  from 'trtpos, and novs,  ' foot.'j
One who has one foot different from  the other.
  HETEROREXIA, Malacia.
  JIETEKORKHYTH'MUS,  from  'trtpos,  and |
pvdpos, 'rhythm.'   Having another rhythm.  An i
epithet given to the pulse, when it is such, in any |;
individual, as is usually felt at a different age.
  HETEKOSARCO'SES, from 'trtpos, and oap{,
'flesh.'   A class of diseases which consist in the
formation of accidental tissues.—Gendrin.
  UETEROTAX'IA, (F.) lliterotnxie, from  'trt-
pos, and tu^is,  ' order.'   A malformation, which
consists in the general  transposition  of organs. I
A change in the relation of organs.
  HETEROTOP'IA, (F.) Hitirotopie, from  'trt-
pos, and ronos, ' place.'  A deviation from the
natural  position of parts.
  HE'TRE,  Fagus sylvatica.
  HEUCHERA, see II.  cortusa — h.  Acerifolia,
II. cortusa.
  Heuche'rA  Cortu'sa, H. America'na  seu  Ace-
rrfo'lia  seu  Vis'cida, Cortu'sa America'na, Alum
Root, Amer'ican Suu'icle,  Ground-maple, Cliff-
weed, Split-rock.   Ord. Saxifragaceae.  The root
—Heuchera (Ph. U. S.)—is a powerful  astringent,
and is the basis of a cancer pou-der. The Ameri-
can Indians apply  the powdered root to  wounds,
ulcers, and cancers.  It is said to have been  sold
for colchicum.
  Heuchera Richardso'nii, which abounds on
the rocks of Churchill  River, is used medicinally
by the  Cree Indians,  who  chew its  astringent
root,  and apply it  as a vulnerary to wounds  and
sores.
  Heuchera Viscida, II. cortusa.
  HEUCK-BANE, Ischion.
  HEUDELOTIA AFRICANA, see Bdellium.
  IIEUKS,  Singultus.
  HEVEA GUIANENSIS, see Caoutchouc.
  HEXAGICM, Sextula.
  HEX AG OX E ARTERIELLE,  see  Circulus
Willisii.
  HEXATHYRTDIUMVENARUM, see Worms.
  HEXIS, 'efts.  Habit, habit of body, constitu-
tion.  Hence,  hectic, cachectic, &C.
  HEYLE.  Sanitas.
  HIA   TSAO  TONG   TCHONG,   Sphaeria
Sinensis.
   HIA'TUS, from hiare, hiatum, 'to gape/ 'to
open.'  A foramen or  aperture.  Mouth.  The
vulva.  Also, yawning.
  Hiatus Canalis Fallopii, see  Aquaeductus
Fallopii.
  Hiatus Diaphrag'matis Aor'ticus, Scmicir'-
cnlus exsculp'tus.   The opening in the diaphragm
for the  passage of  the abdominal aorta.
  Hiatus Fallopii, see Aqiucductus  Fallopii —
A. Occipito pitreux, Lacerum posterius  foramen
—h. S/ihino-pitrettx, Lacerum anterius foramen.
  Hiatus  op  Winslow, Fora'men  Winslodi,
Fora'men of  Winslow.  An  opening — situate
behind  the lesser omentum, and behind the ves-
sels and nerves of  the liver—which  forms a com-
munication  between the  peritoneal cavity  and
that of  the omenta.
  HIBEK'NICUS LAPIS,  Teg'ula seu Arde'sia
Hibcr'nica,  Htrde'sia, Irish Slate.  A  kind of
slate  or very hard  stone, found in different parts
of Ireland,  in  masses  of a bluish-black colour,
which stains  the  hands.  It has  been  taken,
powdered, .in  spruce-beer,  against  inward  con-
tusions.
  HIBISCUS, Althaea.
  Hibis'cis Abei.mos'chus,  Abelmos'chus mos-
ehn'tus.    Ord. Malvaceie.   The name of the
plant, whose seeds are culled Grana  3Ioschi or
3Insl;seed.  It is  the  Belarus'chits, Abelmos'chus,
Granum  Maschi,  Kelmia  sEgyptiaco, 3It,schns
Ar'abnni, jEgyp'tia moscha'ta, Bamix tnoscha't,,,
Alcea, A. Intl'ica seu  JEgyptiaca  Villa'sa, Abel-
moseh, Abelmnslr,  31 ushmalloii-,  (F.)  Graine  de
31usc, Herbe d la pom/re  de Chypre, Ambrettc,
Giiimauve veloutie.  It is  indigenous in Egypt
and the Indies.  Tbe  seeds  are chiefly  used  as
perfumes;  and especially  in the formation  of
Cyprus Ponder.
   Hibiscus  Esculen'tus, Ol-ra,  Olcro,  Gombo.
A plant, the  green pods of which abound in mu-
cilage, and are much used in  the West Indies for
soups.
   Hibis'cus  Popule'us,  Balimba'tjo.  A  small
Molucca tree.  The fruit is full of a juice similar
to camboge.   The root is emetic.  It is  used  in
chronic diarrhoea, colic, dyspepsia, &c.
   HIBRIDA, Hybrid.
   HICCOUGH, Singultus.
   HICCUP,  Singultus.
   HICK'ORY.  The name of several American
trees of the  genus  Carya; Order, Juglandaceae.
Tbe leaves are usually aromatic; and are reputed
to be antispasmodic [?']. The bark of those species
that have bitter  nuts, as Carya ama'ra  and  0.
porci'rm, is somewhat astringent.  Some  of them
bear fruit  that is much esteemed, as Carya oliva-
formr's, Pecan' or Peccurl nut,  and  C. sulca'ta,
Shell bark.
   HIDDEN  SEIZURES.  An  expression  em-
ployed by  Dr. Marshall Hall for  obscure  ence-
phalic .and spinal attacks,  of an epileptoid  cha-
racter for example, which may be immediately
owing to trachelismus.
   HIDE-BOUND,  Induration  of the  cellular
tissue.
   IIIDRISCIIESIS, Ilidroschesis.
   HIDROA, Desudatio, Eehauboulnrcs, Hydroa,
Sudamina.
   HIDRON'OSUS, Hidronu'sus,  from 'iSpors,
'sweat/ and voaos, 'a disease.'  A disease accom-
panied by violent sweats.   Sudor Anglieus.
   HIDRONUSUS, Ilidronosus.
   HIDROPEDESIS, Ephidrosis.
   1IIDR0PH0R0S, Sudoriferous.
   HIDROPOETICUM, Sudorific.
   IIIDROPYRA, Sudor Anglieus.
   HIDROPYRETOS,  Sudor  Anglieus.
   HIDR0RRH03A, Ephidrosis.
   IIIDROS,'£<5pw?, 'tApurros. Sudor, 'sweat.' Hence
—Hidropyra, Hidrosis. &c.
   HIDROS'C'HESIS, Hidris'chesis, Retell tio su-
do'ris, from hit/ros,  and octets, 'retention.'  Sup-
pression of perspiration.
   HIDROSIS, Ephidrosis.
   HIDROTERION, Achicolum.
   HIDROTERIUM. Sudorific.
   HIDROTIOUM,  Sudorific.
   HIDRO'TIUM,  Diminutive  of  hidros.   A
gentle sweat  or perspiration.
   HIDROTOPOHJM,  Sudorific.
   HIEBLE, Sambucus ebulus.
   HI'ERA DIACOLOCYN'THIDOS, from 'upos,
'holy.'  Hiera of Colocynth.  An electuary, com-
posed of 10  parts of colocynth, as much agaric,
germander, white horehound,  stcechas: — 5  parts
of opoponax, as much  sagapenum, parsley, round
birthwort root, and white pepper: — 4 parts  of
spikenard, cinnamon, myrrh, and saffron ; and 3
pounds, 3 ounces, and 5 drachms of honey.
  Hiera op  Colocynth, H. Diacolocynthidos  —
h. Logadii, Hiera picra.
  Hiera Picra,  from 'upos,  'holy/ and -rxiKpos,
'bitter.'  Holy bitter, Pulvis  aloet'icus, formerly
called Hiera  loga'dii  when made into an electu-
ary with honey.  It is now kept in  the  form  of
dry powder;—prepared by mixing socotrine aloes, 
HIERACITES             4G2
one pound, with 3 ounces of canella  alba.  See
Pulvis aloes cum canella.
  Hiera Syrinx, Vertebral  column, Epilepsy.
  HIERACI'TES, 'upaKiTtis, from  'ttpa!-, 'upukos,
'a hawk/ Lapis Accip'itrurn.  The ancient name
of a precious stone, believed to be  capable of ar-
resting the  hemorrhoidal flux. — Pliny,  Galen,
Paulus.
  HIERACIUM LACHENALII,  II. muror,um.
  Hiera'cium  Muro'rum, H. Lachena'lii,  Pul-
mona'ria  Ga/l'ica, Auric'ula mu'ris major, (F.)
Eperviire des murailles,  Piilmonaire des Francois.
Ord.  Compositae.  A European plant, which is a
slight tonic.
  Hieracium Oleraceum, Sonchus oleraceus.
  Hieracium Pilosel'la.   The systematic name
of the Auric'ula 3Turis, Pilosel'la,  P. Alplrra,
3fyoso'tis, 3Iouse-ear, (F.)  Piloselle,  Oreille  de
Souris.  This plant  contains a bitter, lactescent
juice,  which has a slight degree of astringency.
The roots are more powerful than  the leaves.
  Hiera'cium Veno'sum, Rattlesnakeweed, Veiny
Hawkweed,  Bloodwort,  indigenous,  has  similar
properties.
  HIERANOSUS, Chorea, Convulsion, Epilepsy.
  HIERAX, Accipiter.
  HIEROBOTANE, Verbena officinalis.
  HIEROGLYPHTCA, from 'upos, 'holy/ and
yXvipor, ' I carve.'   A name given to the  signs
employed in medicine;  and, also,  to the folds in
the hands, feet, and  forehead, which afford chi-
romancy its pretended oracles.
  HIEROPYR, Erysipelas.
  HIKRY PIKRY, Pulvis  aloes et Canellae.
  HILL'S  BALSAM OF  HONEY, see Balsam
of Hone}', Hill's—h. Essence of Bardana, Tinctura
guaiacae.
  HILLBERRY, Gaultheria.
  HILL  FEVER, see Fever, hill.
  HILON (F.), Hiluni, improperly Hihts, 'the
black spot on the top of a bean.'   A name given
by  some  writers to  a  small blackish  tumour,
formed by the protrusion of the iris through  an
opening in the  transparent cornea, so called from
its comparison  with the  Idle or black mark pre-
sented by the vicia faba at one of  its extremities.
In  Botany,  the Hile or Hilum is  the cicatricula
of a seed, which indicates the place by which  it
was attached in the  cavity of the pericarp.  It
is the umbilicus of the seed.  The fissure of the
spleen, kidney, lung, ovary, <fcc, is, also, called
Hihts.  See Porta.
  HILUS, Hilon.
  Hilus Liena'lis, Incisu'ra liena'lis.   The con-
cave part of the spleen.
  Hilus  Rena'lis,  Incisu'ra  rena'lis, Hihts  of
the kidney.  The concave part of the  kidney.
  HILWORT,  Mentha pulegium.
  HIMANTOMA, see Himas.
  HIMANTOSIS, Himas.
  HIMAS,  'ipas, 'tpavros, 'a  thong of leather.'
The uvula;  likewise, elongation, and extenuation
of the uvula.   It is  also called Himanto'sis, Hi-
tan<nto''ma.  See Staphyloedema.
  HIMEROS,  Libido.
  HIXDBERRIES, see Rubus idaeus.
  HIXDHEEL, Tanacetum.
  HIP,  Haunch,   Hypochondriasis — h.  Bone.
Ischium—h. Disease, Coxarum morbus—h. Joint,
Coxoferaoralarticulation—h. Tree, Rosa canina.
  HIP'PACE.  'irrnaKn,  from  'innos,  'a  horse.'
Ca'seus Equlnits.  A cheese prepared from mare's
milk.
  HIPPANTHRO'PIA, from  'mnos,  'a horse/
and avSpurros, ' a man.'  A variety  of melancholy,
in which the patient believes himself changed to
a horse.  The  Greek word Wai/Spwiroj, means
the fabulous Centaur.
HIPPURIS  VULGARIS
   HIPPAS1A. Equitation.
   HIPPED, Hypochondriac.
   II1PPEIA. Equitation.
   IIIPPEUSIS, Equitation.
   HIPPIA'TER, Hippialros, 3led'icus eqnu'rius,
 from  'innos, 'a hofse/ and 'tarpos,  'a physician.'
 A farrier.   A horse doctor.   Used also  for one
 who treats the diseases of other domestic animals;
  Veterina'rius, 3lulomed' icus, 3led'icus  Vcterinil-
 rius, Zoi'd'trns.
   HIPPIATRI'A,   Hippittlrica,   Ilippittlrici,
| 3IeiUci'na equa'ria, (F.) llippiatrique.  A science,
 whose object is the knowledge of the discuses of
 the horse.   It is sometimes made to include other
 domestic animals.  See Veterinary art.
   HIP PIA TRIQUE, Hippiatria.
   HIPPIATRUS, Hippiater.
   HIPPO, Ipecacuanha.  A corruption,  in  Ire-
 land, of  Ipecacuanha;   and  hence applied, at
 times, in  the United  States,  to the  American
 plant, Euphorbia Corollata, which is, also, called
 Ipecacuanha.
   Hippo,  Indian, Gillenia trifoliata.
   HIPPOCAMPE GRANDE, Cornu ammonis.
   HIPPOCAMPUS  MAJOR,  Cornu ammonis.
   Hippocam'pus Minor, Pes hippocum'pi minor,
 ('innoKapnos, 'the sea horse.')   Unguis, U. Acts
 sen Halleri, O'crea, Collie'ulits ca'vea pasterio' ris
 ventrieiilo'runi latera'lium, Calcar a'vis, Un'eiforiii
 Em'inence, (F.) Ergot, Eperon.  A medullary tu-
 bercle or  projection, observed in the posterior
 cornu of the lateral ventricle of  the brain.
   HIPPOCENTAUREA  CENTAURIUM, Chi-
 ronia. centaurium.
   HIPPOCRAS,  Claret.
   HIPPOCRATES.  CAP OF, Bonnet d'llippo-
 crate—b.  Sleeve,  Chansse.
   HIPPOCRAT'IC, Hippocral icus.  Relating to
 Hippocrates, or concerning his doctrine,—as Hip-
 pm-ratic doctrine, Hippocratic face, &C.
   HIPPOC'RATISM, Hippocratism'us. The doc-
 trine of Hippocrates, which consisted in observing
 and following  nature, as indicated  by her pre-
 sumed efforts, and the crises set  up by her.
   HIPPOC'RATIST.  A partisan of the Hippo-
 cratic doctrine.
   HIPPOGOXYOLEPUS, Crusta genu equinae.
   HIPPOLAPATHUM, Rumex patienta.
   HIPPOLITHUS, Bezoard of the horse.
   HIPPOM'AXE MAXCIXEL'LA, (Woj, 'a
 horse,'  and fiavta, 'madness,' 'horse, or violent
 madness,') 31 anch irreel, (F.) 3Iancenillier. Family,
 Euphorbiaceae. Sex. Syst. Moncecia Monadelphia.
 A  poisonous  tree of South  America, with the
 milky juice of which the Indians  poison their
 arrows.  The fruit, also,  is highly poisonous.
   HIPPOMARATHRUM, Peucedanum silaus.
   111P P 0 P A T H 0 L' 0 G Y, Hippopatholtuf'iu,
 from 'innos, ' a horse/ na&os, ' a disease/ and Xoyos,
 ' a  discourse.'  The science of  the diseases of
 the horse.   Pathology of the horse.
   IIIPPOPHAGOUS, Equivorous.
   HIPPOPUS, see Kyllosis.
   HIPPOS, Equus.
   HIPPOSELINUM, Smyrnium olusatruui.
   HIPPOSTEOL'OGY,   Hipposteolof'ia,  from
 'innos, 'a horse/ oartov,  'a  bone/ and Xoyos, 'a
 discourse.'  Osteology of the horse.
    HIPPOT'OMY, Hippotom'ia,  from 'tmos, 'a
 horse/ and rtpvttv,  ' to cut.'  Anatomy  of the
 horse.
   HIPPU'RIA, from 'innos, 'a horse/ ami ovpov,
 'urine/ because the urine contains hippuric acid,
 which is found in the urine  of the horse.  A pa-
 thological condition, in which  there  is an excess
 of hippuric acid in the urine.
   HIPPURIC ACID, see Acid, hippuric.
||   HIPPURIS VULGA'RIS,  from   'mnos,  'a 
HIPPUS
463
HOLLY
horse,' and ovpa, 'a tail.'  Tbe systematic name I
of the Horse's Tail, 3lure's  Tail, Eqtiise'tum mi-
nus. Equine'turn, (F.) Prile, Presle, Asprele, Queue I
tie eheval.   It is an astringent,  and frequently
u-cd, as tea, by the vulgar, in diarrhoea  and he- j
morrbuge.   The same virtues are  attributed to
the Eqtiise'tum  arretlse, Jluvial He, linio'sum, &c.
   HIPPUS,  Equus,  Nicta'tio,  from  't-nnos,  'a
horse.'  A  disease  of  the eyes,  in  which, from
birth, they  perpetually twinkle,  like those of a
man on horseback. [?] Also, a tremulous condition
of the iris, which occasions repeated alternations
of contraction and dilatation of  the pupil; Iri-
dat'ramus,   Iridodone'sis,  Iridopla'nia,   Tremor
1'ridis.
   HIPS, Sax. heopa.  The  fruit  of the dog-rose,
 Rosa cani'na: chiefly  used as a confection.  See
Confectio Rosae Caninae.
   HIRCTS'MUS,  Hircus, Hirquus, from bircus,
'a goat.'   Stinking  like a goat: — applied espe-
cially to the odour of the  secretions of the axilla.
   HIRCUS, Canthus (greater),  Hircismus, Tra-
gus—h. Alarum, Cinabra.
   HIRPLINO, Claudication.
   HIRQUITAL'ITAS, from hircus, 'a goat/ Po-
 rapho'nia pu'berunt. Goat's voice. See Egophony.
   HIRQUUS, Hircus, Canthus (greater), Hircis-
 mus, Tragus.
   HIRSU'TIES,  Das'yma,  Das'ytes,  Tricho'sie,
 Ilirsillics, Hair'iness.  Growth of hairs on extra-
 neous parts, or, superfluous  growth on parts;  as
 in cases of bearded women.—Good.  When con-
 genital, it is termed llirstlties adna'ta.
   HIRU'DO, The Leech, Sanguisu'sa, Bdella:
 from hattrio, ' I draw out/ or from hareo, 'I stick.'
 [?]   In  medicine, Hiru'do 31edicina'lis,  Bdella
 3ledicina'lis or 3Iedic"inal  Leech, (F.)  Sangsne,
 is employed.  In the United States, H. dec'ora
 is used.   The  leech  lives  in fresh water, and
 feeds on the blood of animals,  which  it sucks,
 after having pierced the skin with its three sharp
 teeth.  This habit has been  taken  advantage of,
 to produce local blood-letting.   In applying the
 leech, the  part must be wiped dry; and if there
 be difficulty in  making it suck, a, little  milk  or
 cream  may be applied.  When  satiated, it will
 drop off, and by applying a little salt or vinegar
 to its head it will disgorge  the  blood.   A good
 English leech will take about half an ounce  of
 blood, including  that  which flows by fomenting
 the part subsequently.  The American takes less.
   Hirudo Artificialis,  Antlia  sanguisuga — h.
 Decora, see Hirudo—h. Medicinalis, Hirudo.
   HIRUNDINARIA,  Asclepias  vincetoxicum,
 Lysimachia nummularia.
   HIRUN'DO, Chelidon, from  harendo, 'stick-
 ing;' because  it  sticks  its  nests against  the
 houses [?].   The  Swallow.  The  nests  of  the
 swallow were  once  employed  as  rubefacients,
 boiled in vinegar.
   HISPANIC!'M VIRIDE, Cupri subacetas.
   H1SPIDITAS, Dystoechiusis,  Phalangosis.
   HISPIDULA, Antennaria dioicum.
   HISSING RESPIRATION, see Rale sibilant.
   IIISTIOLOGICAL, Histological.
   HISTIOLOGY, Histology.
   HISTOCHEMIA, see Chymistry.
   HISTOCHYMY, see Chymistry.
   HISTOCHEMISTRY,  see Chymistry.
   IIISTODIAL'YSIS, from Uaros, 'organic tex-
 ture/and  itaXvats, 'dissolution.'  A morbid dis-
 solution of the tissues.
   HISTOGENET'IC,  Histogcnelicus,   'Tissue
 making.' Same etymon as the next.  Relating, or-
 appertaining to  histogeny or the formation and
 development of the organic textures.
   Histogenetic   Elements of  Nutrition,  see
 Plastic Element.
   UISTOG"ENY,   Ilistogen'in,   Histoyen'esis,
 Tiss.ue formation, from 'taros, 'the organic tex-
 ture/ and ytvtois,  'generation.'  The  formation
 and development of the organic textures.
   HIST0L0G1A, Histology.
   HISTOLOG"ICAL,  Hi„tolog"icus, Ilistiolog"-
 ical, Histiolog"ieus.  Same  etymon as tbe next.
 Relating to  histology.  Applied, also, at times,
 to the natural transformations  that occur in the
 tissues  in the  embryo,  in  contradistinction  to
 morphological, which applies to the alterations in
 the form of the several parts of the embryo.
   HISTOL'OGY, Histoloif'ia,  Histiology.  His-
 fiolog"ia, from  'taros, 'the organic texture/ and
 Xoyos, ' a description.   Anatomy (general).  The
 term is, also,  more particularly appropriated to
 the minute  anatomy of  the tissues.   See Ana-
 tomy.
   Patholog"ical Histology, 3Iicroscc,p'ic  palho-
 log"ical Anat'omy, is the morbid anatomy of tbe
 tissues.
   HISTOLYSIS, from 'taros, 'the organic tex-
 ture/ and Xvais, 'solution.'   The decay and dis-
 solution of the organic tissues, and of the blood.
 It includes the  various forms of retrograde meta-
 morphosis and  degeneration.
   HISTON'OMY,  Histortonlia, from 'taros, 'the
 organic texture/ and vopos, 'law.'   The aggregate
 of laws,  which preside over the formation and
 arrangement of the organic tissues.
   HIS'TORY,  MEDTCAL, Histo'da 3Ie,lid'na.
 A narration of the  chief  circumstances, and tbe
 persons connected  with them, in the progress of
 medicine.
   HIST'OS, 'taros, 'a web or tissue/ 'the organic
 texture:'  Textu'ru seu Tela organ'ica.
   HISTOT'OMY",  Histotom'ia, from 'taros, 'or-
 ganic texture/ and  ropn, 'incision.'  Dissection
 of the  tissues.
   HIVE, Hives.
   Hive Syrup, Syrupus scillae compositus.
   HIVES, Cynanche trachealis, Urticaria, Vari-
 cella.  In Scotland, according .to Dr. Jameson,
 Hives or llyves means  any eruption of the skin,
 proceeding from an internal cause; and, in Lo-
 thian, it is used to denote  both the red and the
 yellow gum.   In the United States, it is vaguely
 employed:  most frequently, perhaps, for Urti-
 caria.
   Hives, Bold, Cynanehe trachealis, Urticaria
 —h. Eating. Bupia escharotica.
   HOARSENESS, Raucedo.
   HOAST, Tussis.
   HOBBIL, Idiot.
   HOB-NAIL  LIVER,  Cirrhosis of  the liver,
 Liver, nutmeg.
   HOC, Alcea  rosea.
   HOCK, Poples.
   HOCKS, Alcea rosea.
   HOD, Crick  in the neck.
   HOFF, Poples.
   HOG-LICE, Onisci aselli.
   HOGWORT, Heptallon graveolens.
    HOIST. Tussis.
   HOLANENCEPHA'LIA, from 'oXos, 'entire/
 and anciieephalin,   'absence of brain.'   Entire
 absence of brain,—the same as Anencephalia.—
 I. G. St. Hilaire.
   HOLARTHRITIS,  Hamarthritis.
   HOLCE, 'oUn.  A drachm.—Galen.
   HOL'CIMOS, 'oXKtpos,  from -oXkii,  'a weight.'
 A tumour of the liver.
    110 EC US  SORGHUM, Panicum Italicum.
   HOLENE, Ilex  aquifolium.
   HOLER A. Cholera.
   HOLES, BURNT, Rupia escharotica.
   HOLLANDS, Gin.
   HOLLEX, Ilex  aquifolium.
|   HOLLY,  AMERICAN, Ilex opaca — h. Com-
11 mon, Ilex aquifolium—h. Dahoon, Ilex vomitorij 
HOLLYHOCK              464          HONEYCOMB BAG
—b. Ground, Pyrola maculata, Pyrola umbellata
—h. Sea, Eryngium  maritimum.
  HOLLYHOCK, COMMON, Alcea rosea.
  HOLMES WEED, Scrophularia nodosa.
  HOLMICOS, Alveolus.
  HOLM OS, Mortar.
  HOLOCYRON, Teucrium ehamaepitys.
  IIOLOGANGLIITIS,  Cholera.
  HOLONARCO'SIS, from  'oXos,  'whole/ and
vapKwats, 'stupor.' Narcosis of the whole  body.
Torpefac'tio uriiversa'lis.
  HOLOPHLYCTIDES, Phlyctaena.
  HOLOSTEUM  ALSINE, Alsine media.
  HOLOSTEUS, Osteocolla.
  HOLOTETANUS, see Tetanus.
  HOLOTONIA, Holotonicus, Tetanus.
  HOLOTON'ICUS, 'oXos, 'the whole/ and rttvio,
'I stretch.'   Holoton'ia.  A spasm of the whole
body :—a  variety of  tetanus.—Sauvages.
  HOLYN, Ilex aquifolium.
  HOL'YWELL,  MINERAL   WATERS  OF.
Holywell is a town in Wales, and takes its name
from the famous well of St. Winifred.  It is a
simple cold water, remarkable for its purity.
  H OMAGRA, Omagra.
  HOMEOPATHY,  Homoeopathy.
  HOMERDA, Stereus humanum.
  HOME'RIA  COLLI'NA, Cape Tulip.  A poi-
sonous  South African plant, Arat.  Ord. Irideae,
the bulb of which acts as a violent acro-narcotic,
producing fatal results very speedily.
  HOMESICKNESS, Nostalgia.
  HOMICI'DAL, Trueulerltus, Ferus, from homo,
'man/ and cado, 'I kill.'  Pertaining or relating
to homicide or the killing of man.
  Homicidal Insan'ity, Homicidal Monoma'nia,
(F.) Monomauic homicide.   Insanity,  with an
irresistible impulse to destroy life.
  HOMILIA. Coition.
  HOM'INY.   A  word of Indian  derivation.
Maize or Indian  corn hulled and coarsely broken.
It is prepared for food by being mixed with water
and boiled.
  Hominy, Wheaten, see Groats.
  HOMIOSIS,  Homoiosis.
  H03I.ME, Homo.
  HOMO, (F.) Homme, Man,—the chief and most
perfect  of  the  mammalia;  in  Greek,  avSpunos,
Anthro'pos, from ava, 'upwards,'  and rptnur, 'I
turn /  because  man, alone, of  all animals, pos-
sesses the  natural power of standing  erect.  He
is,  also, the only animal  whose  incisor  teeth,
wedged in  a projecting  jaw, are absolutely ver-
tical.  Man is especially distinguished from other
mammalia by the faculty, which he possesses, of
classing his ideas:  comparing them  with each
other; and connecting, representing,  and trans-
mitting them by signs and articulate sounds.  He
possesses, in the highest  degree, all the attributes
of intelligence,—memory, judgment, and  imagi-
nation.   He inhabits all  countries,— the burning
regions  of the torrid zone,  and tbe chilling at-
mosphere of the  polar climes.  In different  situa-
tions, he presents, in his figure, colour, and sta-
ture, differences which have  caused mankind  to
be divided by naturalists into races or varieties.
The number of such races can only be approxi-
mated.  Blumenbach admits five, the  Caucasian,
Ethiopian,  3li>ngoliun, Malay,  and  American.
Every division must  necessarily be arbitrary, and
the individuals composing each variety are far
from being alike.
  Homo Alatus, see Alatus,
  Homo Cauda'tus, -Tailed man.'  A fabulous,
tailed variety of the  human species, 'incola orbis
antarctici/ admitted  by Linnaeus, although he is
uncertain  whetber to rank them with men  or
apes!
  Homo Fatuus, Idiot.
  HOMOED'RUS,  from  hpov,  'together/ and
'tipa, 'seat.'  Having the same seat.   3Iorbi ho-
nioedri:—diseases that have the same seat,
  HOMtEOMORPHOUS, see Homology.
  HOMOEOPATH. Homoeopathist.
  HOMCEOPATIITC,  Homaopath'icus, Ilorner-
op'athes.   Relating to homoeopathy.
  HOMCEOPA TH1E, Homoeopathy.
  HOMCEOP'ATHIST,  Ho'meeopath,  Honura.
path' icus, Homoeopath is'ta, Homoeopath is'tes. Ono
who believes in homoeopathy.
  HOMOSOP'ATIIY, Homwopothla,  Are homtr-
opath'ica, Homveo/r'athy, Ilahilemunnisni, Dyna-
mop'athy, (F.)  Homipopathie,  Hoinnothiraqren-
tique, Homa'osyntpathie, Doctrine homceo-irrgiiii.
ique,  from  'opotos, 'like,'  and naSos,  'affection.'
A fanciful doctrine, which maintains, that disor-
dered actions in the human body are  to bo cured
by inducing other  disordered actions of a like
kind, and this to be accomplished by infinitesi-
mally small  doses,  often  of  apparently inert
agents;  the decillionth part of a grain of char-
coal, for example, is  an authorized dose.  It hag
also been called Glob'ulism.
  IIOMffiOSIS, Homoiosis.
  HO31 (EOS Y3IPA THIE, Homoeopathy.
  // 03I1EO THE RAPE UT1Q UE, Homoeo-
pathy..
  HOMCEOZ'YGY, from 'opotos, 'like/and ^vyour,
'I join  together.'   (F.) Soi-pour-soi.  The law
of association of organs, by which like parts ad-
here to like parts.—Serres.
  HOMOETHNIA. Sympathy.
  HOMOGENESIS, see Generation.
  HOMOIOPATHIA, Sympathy.
  HOMOIO'SIS,  Homceo'sis,  Homio'sis,  from
'oiiotoar, 'I resemble/ 'I assimilate.'  An elabora-
tion of the  nutritious juice, by which it becomes
proper for assimilation.
  HOMOLINON, see Apolinosis.
  HOMOLOGOUS, see Homology.
  HOM'OLOGUE, Homologns, same etymon aa
homology.   A term applied to the same organ in
different animals under every variety  of form and
function.—Owen.
  HOMOL'OGY,  from 'opotos, 'like/ and Xoyos,
'a description.'  The doctrine of similarity of
structure.  Thus, the two sides of tbe body are
said to  be  ' homologous.'   Homologous, homo.
morpllous,  or homceomorph'ous tissues are those
that resemble others;  in opposition to heterolo-
gous,  hct'eroelite,  or heterornorplloris, which arc
new formations.  Homology seems  now to be
accepted  as the designation  of the  doctrine or
study, the subject of which is the relations of tbe
parts of animal bodies.—Owen.
  HOMOMORPHOUS, see Homology.
  HOMONOPAGIA, Cephalalgia.
  HOMOPH'ACUS, from 'urpos, 'raw/ and ipayiii,
'I eat.'   One who eats raw flesh.
  HOMOPLAS'TY,  Homoopla'sia, from  'opotos,
'like,'and  nXuaaia,  'I form.'   The formation of
homologous tissues.
  HOMOPLATA, Scapula.
  HOMOT'ONOS, Jlqua'lis, from 'opos, 'equal/
and rovos, 'tone.'  That which has the same tone.
A  continued fever,  whose  symptoms have an
equal intensity during the whole course of the
disease, has been so called.   See Acmasticos, and
Synocha.
  HONESTY, Lunaria rediviva.
  IIONEWORT, FIELD, Sison amomum.
  HONEY, Mel—h. Balsam of, Hill's, see Mel—
h. Bloom,  Apocynum  androsaemifolium — h. of
Borax, Mel boracis — b. Clarified, Mel despuma-
tnm—h. Prepared, Mel praeparatum—h. of Roses,
Mel rosae—h. of Squill, compound, Syrupus scillaj
compositus.
  HONEYCOMB BAG, Reticulum. 
HONEYSUCKLE
4 6o
HOSPITAL
  HONEYSUCKLE,  Lonicera periclymenum —
h. Bush,  Diorvilla trifida — h.  Scarlet,  Lonicera
seuipervircus — h. Trumpet,  Lonicera  semper-
virens.
  HONEY SUGAR, Glucose.
  1IONGLAXE, Coptis teeta.
  HOXOR CAPITIS, see Capillus.
  110 NOR A I RE, Sostrum.
  HONORARIUM, Sostrum.
  HONTEUX, Pudic.
  HOODWORT, Scutellaria lateriflora.
  HOOK, Sax. hoce,  h.OOC, Dutch, hoeck,  Un-
cus,  Unc"inus,  Anc'yra, (F.) Erigne, Airigne ou
Erine.  An instrument, consisting of a steel wire,
flattened at tbe middle, and  having the extremi-
ties  crooked and pointed.   Some hooks are  fur-
nished with a handle atone extremity—the other
having one or two hooks;—constituting the single
or double hook.  The hook is used by anatomists
and surgeons to lay hold of, and raise up, certain
parts, the dissection of which is delicate, or which
would slip from the fingers.
   The Tenaculum is a variety of the hook.
   Hook, Bl.UNT, le.llthya, Idlthye.  Onyx, Unguis
 fcrr'eus.  An  instrument  which is passed over
 the  flexures of tbe joints  to assist in bringing
 down the foetus in parturition.
   HOOP TREE, Melia azedarach.
   HOOPER'S  PILLS, Pilulae Aloes et Myrrhae.
   HOOPING-COUGH, Pertussis —h.  Roche's
 Embrocation for, see  Roche.
   HOPITAL,  Hospital — A. des Fous, Morotro-
 phium.
   HOPLOCIIRIS'MA, from  'onXov, 'a weapon,'
 and  xptoua,  'salve.'   Unguen'tum  arnulrium,
 Arm'atory Unguent.   A salve  which  was  sup-
 posed to cure wounds  by sympathy,—the instru-
 ment with which the wound was inflicted being
 anointed with  it.
   HOPI.O.MOCII'LION, 'onXopoxXiov, from 'ovXov,
 'a weapon/ and poxXos, 'a lever.'  The  name of
 an iron  machine or apparatus, which  embraced
 the whole body like armour.   A figure  of  it is
 given by Fabricius ab Aquapendente.
   HOP, Hamulus lupulus—h. Pillow, see Iluinu-
 lus lupulus—h. Plant, Hiunulus lupulus.
   HOPS, see Humulus lupulus.
   JIOtjUET.  Singultus.
   HOliA. Hebe.
   HO ILEA. Menses.
   HOR.EOTES, Maturity.
   HORDEI  MALTUM. Malt.
   IIORDE'OLUM, diminutive of Hordeum, 'bar-
 ley.' Orde.'olum, Pos'thia. Sclerophthalmia,  ('li-
 the, Crithid'ion, Crythe, Stye,  Styan,  Stine,  (F.)
 Orgclet,  Orgeolet.  A  small,  inflammatory  tu-
 mour, of the  nature  of a boil, which  exhibits
 itself near the free  edge of the eyelids, particu-
 larly near the inner angle  of the eye.
   IIOR'DEUM, Or'demu,  Crithe.  The  seeds of
 Hordeum  rulga're or  Scotch Barley, Ord. Gra-
 mineic,  are ranked amongst the Ca-ealia.  (F.)
 Orgc.   They  afford  a mucilaginous  decoction,
 which  is  employed  as a  diluent and antiphlo-
 gistic.   The seeds of the Hordeum  dis'tichon seu
 a.stlvnm,  Zeoc'riton  dis'tichum, and  H. hexas'-
 tichon possess  similar properties.  Barley is freed
 from its shells in mills, forming the Hor'ileum
 munda'tiun seu decortica'tum  seu  excortica'tum,
 Hor'deuni of the Pharmacopoeias :  and, at times,
 is  rubbed into small,  round  grains, somewhat
 like pearls, when it is called Hordeum pa-la'turn,
 Pearl Barley, (F.)  Orge  perli. and  forms  the
 Hordeum dennda'tum sen  perla'tttm, the Hordei
 m-iu'ina  tu'nicis nuda'ta, of the Pharmacopoeias,
 —Hordeum (Ph.  U. S.)
   Hordeum Causticum, Veratrum sabadilla — h.
 Decorticatum,  see Hordeum—h. Denudatum, see
       30
Hordeum—h. Excorticatum,  see Hordeum—b.
Galacticum, Oryza—h. Mundatum, see Hordeum
—h. Perlatum, see Hordeum.
  HOREHOUND, Murrubium — h.  Black, Bal-
lota fcetida — h. Germander-leaved,  Eupatorium
teucrifolium — h. Stinking, Ballota  fcetida — h.
Water, Lycopus sinuatus, Lycopus Virginicus —
h. Wild, Eupatorium  rotundifolium, E.  teucri-
folium.
  IIORME, Instinct.
  HOR MIN UM, Salvia horminum —h. Colora-
tum, Salvia horminum — h. Sativum, Salvia hor-
minum.
  HORMON, Enormon.
  HORN, Cornu.
  HORN POX, see Varicella.
  HORXSEED, Ergot.
  HORNY, Corneous.
  Horny Excres'cences, Lepido'sis, Ichthyi'a-
sis  corriitf'era, Cor'nua cuta'nea, (F.) Carries cle
la Peau.  Certain excrescences, which occasion-
ally form on  some part of the skin, aud resemble,
in shape, the horns of an animal.
  Horny Substance,  see Tooth.
  HORRENT!A, Horripilation.
  HOR'RIDA CUTIS, Goose-skin.  Cutis anse
ri'na,  Dermatosjmsm'its,  Spasmus peripher'lent.
A state of the skin produced by cold or fear, and
accompanying the rigor of an  intermittent.
  IIORRIPILA'TION,   Horripihltio,  Horror,
Horrerltia,   Phrice,   Phrieus'nuts,   Phrici'asis,
Phri'cia, from  horrere, 'to bristle up,' and jiilus,
'hair.'  (F.) Horripilation, Frissonncment.   Ge-
neral chilliness, preceding fever, and  accompanied
with bristling of the hairs over  the body.
  HORROR, Horripilation—h. Ciborum, Disgust
for food.
  HORSE BALM, Collinsonia  Canadensis — b.
Cane,  Ambrosia  trifida—h.  Chestnut, ..Esculus
hippocastanum—h. Crust, Crusta genu equinae.
  HORSEFLY  WEED, Sophora tinctoria.
  HORSEFOOT, see Kyllosis.
  HORSEMINT, Ambrosia trifida, Monarda coc-
cinea,  M. fistulosa,  and  M. punctata — h. Sweet,
Cunila mariana.
  HORSE NETTLE,  Solanum Carolinense.
  HORSE RADISH.  Cochlearia armoracia.
  HORSE'S TAIL, Hippuris  vulgaris.
  HORSE WEED, Ambrosia  trifida, Collinsonia
Canadensis, Erigeron Canadense.
  IIORTULUS CUPIDINIS, Vulva.
  HORTUS, Vulva — h. Siccus, Herbarium.
  DOSE, Collum, Throat.
  HOSEFISH, Sepia.
  HOS'PITAL, primarily from hospes, hospitis,
'a  guest.'   Infirm'ary,  (Old  Eng.)  Farnlery,
Spit'al, A'osocomi'itm,  Adynatocomi'itrn, Adynato-
dochlum, Xenodoee'um,  Xenodoche'um, In fir-ma'-
rinm,  Infirmato'riiim,  Xosodochi'um, Valetudi-
na'rium, (F.) Hopital.   An establishment for the
reception of the sick, in which they are  main-
tained and  treated  medically.   Hospitals  were
first instituted about the end of the  4th century;
a period at  which  the word voaoKopttov was  em-
ployed, for the first  time,  by  St. Jerome.  They
may be general, receiving all cases ; or special,
admitting only the subjects of certain diseases.
  Hos'pital  Gangrene,  Phageda'na gangra-
no'sa,  Putrid  or 3lalignant  Ulcer, Gangra'na
Xosoc.omio'rum seu Xosocomia'lis sen Contagio'sa,
Sphac"elus nosocomia'lis, Hos'pital Sore, Prttre'-
do, (F.) Ponrriture  ou Gangrene dfhopital. Gan-
grene,  occurring in wounds or  ulcers, in hospi-
tals, the  air of  which has  been vitiated by the
accumulation of patients, or some other circum-
stance.   Hospital gangrene—many different va-
rieties  of which are met with^  and always accoin- 
HOST
466        HUMIDUM  NAT1VUM
panied or preceded by fever — commonly com-  j
mences with  suppression  of the suppuration of
the wound, which becomes covered with a gray-
ish and  tenacious  sanies.   The  gangrene  then j
manifests itself.  It extends from the centre of
the ulcerated surface towards  the  edges ; these
become  swollen, painful,  and everted; and the
patient dies with all the signs of typhus.  The
treatment must be varied  according  to  circum-
stances.   Sometimes, it requires  the  use of sti-
mulating, acid,  caustic, and  antiseptic applica-
tions ;  with,  occasionally, the actual cautery,
aided  by the exhibition of tonics, internally: —
at others, the antiphlogistic regimen  and emol-
lient applications may be necessary.
   Hospital, Insane, Morotrophium—h. Leper,
Ladrerie.
   HOST, Tussis.
   HOSTIARIUS, Pylorus.
   HOT  SPRINGS,  see  Virginia,  mineral  wa-
ters of.
   HOUBLOX,  Humulus lupulus.
   HOUCII. Poples, Sickly.
   HOUNDS' TONGUE, Cvnoglossum.
   HOUPPE XERVEUSE. see Papilla —A. dn
Menton,  Depressor labii inf'erioris,  Levator labii
inferioris.
   HOURGLASS  CONTRACTION  OF  THE
UTERUS, see Chaton.
   HOUSELEEK,  Sempervivum  tectorum — h.  i
Small. Sedum.
   HOUSEMAID'S   KNEE,  see  Knee,  house-
maid's.
   HOUSE-PUPIL, see House-Surgeon.
   HOUSE-SURGEON, Res'itlent Surgeon.  Usu-
ally a senior house-pupil or graduate, who resides
in an  hospital, and attends to every accident and
disease,  in the absence of the attending physician
or surgeon.  It answers,  in the British hospitals,
to the Eleve interne or Interne  of the  French.
The Elere externe or Externe is a less advanced
pupil; from whom Internes are  chosen.   In  ordi-
nary schools, Elere externe means a day-scholar;
whilst Eleve interne means a boarder.
   HOUX, Ilex  aquifolium—//. Apalachine, Ilex
vomitoria—h. Petit, Ruseus.
   HOWDY, Midwife.
   HOWDY-WIFE, Midwife.
   HUACACACHU, Datura sanguinea.
   HUACO. Guaco.
   IIUANU, Guano.
   HUBBON, Haunch.
   HUCKLEBERRY, see Gaylussacia, and Vac-
 cinium—h. Dwarf, Gaylussacia humosa.
   HUCKLEBONE.  Ischion.
   HUCKSHOULDEREI), see Hump.
   HUDSON'S   PRESERVATIVE  FOR  THE
 TEETH AND GUMS, see Tinctura Myrrhae.
   HUILE, Oil — A. d'Absinthe, Artemisia absin-
 thium (oil of)—li. d'Acajou,  see Anacardium
 occidentale.
   HUILE ACOUSTIQUE (¥.), O'leum  acus'ti-
 cum. Acoustic Oil.  An oil for deafness, prepared
 of olire oil, j^ij; garlic,  ox-gall, and  buy /cares,
 each  ^j ;  boiled for a quarter of  an hour, and
 Strained.
   HUILE D'AMAXDES, Oleum  amygdalarom
 —A.  d'Aneth, see Anethum graveolens—A. Ani-
 mate, Oleum animale— h. Animate  de.  Dippel,
 Oleum animale  Dippelii — A. Animab'sie par in-
 fusion,  Oleum  animalizatum per iiifusionein—h,
 il'Anis.  see  Pimpinella aniemn— A.  Anthe/min-
 tiqnede Chubert, Oleum animale empyreumaticum
 Chaberti—A. Aromatiqiie. ©leum  animalizatum
 per infusionein — h.  d'Aurone,  Artemisia  abrota-
 num (oil of) — A. de Cacao, Butter of Cacao—A.
 de Cade, see Juniperus  oxycedrus—A. de Card,
 Carum (oil)—A.  de Cedrat, Oleum  ceilrinuin—h.
 de petits  Cliiens, Oleum animalizatum  per infu-
 sionein—A. de Come de Cerfi, Oleum animale Dip-
 pelii— A.  d'Epurge,  Euphorbia  latbyris—//. de
 Foie de 3/orue, Oleum jecoris aselli—A. de Gabi-
 on, Petrolaeuni—A. de Girofle, see Eugenia caryo-
 phyllata—A. de Lanrier, Unguentum lauriniiin—
 A. de Lin, see  Linum usitatissimum— A. de Lis,
 see Lilium candidum—A. de Morcllc, see Solanum
 —A. de 3Iorue, Oleum jecoris  aselli—A. de A'aix,
 see Juglans einerea—A. cKEil/ctte, Papaver (oil)
 —h. de Papier, Pyrothonide—A. de Pieth tie Ban/',
 Oleum bubulum — It. de Riein, sec Ricinus com-
 munis—h. de Sitccin, see Succinum—A. de  Turtle
 par difaillauce, Liquor potassae  subcarbonatis—
 A. Verte,   Balsam, green, of  Metz — A. de  Vin
 donee. Oleum yEthereuin.
   IIPILES AX 131A LES,  Olea  animalia— /,.
 Distillies, Olea volatilia — A. Einpyreuintitiqiies,
 Olea empyreumatica — A.  Essentie/les, Olea vola-
 tilia—A. Ethiries, Olea volatilia, — A.  Fixes, ou
 Grasses, Olea fixa—A. Fugaees, Olea fugacia—A.
 3tidieinules,  Olea medicinalia — A.  Pymgi-ni.es,
 Olea empyreumatica—A.  Volatiles, Olea volatilia.
   HU1TDE  CHIFFRE.  Figure of 8.  A ban-
 dage of which  the turns are  crossed in the form
 of the  figure 8.   Such is  the bandage used after
 bleeding  from  the arm.
   IIUITO, Genipa oblongifolia.
   HU1THE. Ostrea.
   IIUKEBANE,  Ischion.
   Ill'LCI'S. Ulcer.
   HU1.GIE-BACKED, see Hump.
   HULLUPING, Vomiting.
   HUM. VENOUS,  Bruit de  diable.
   HU3/BLE,  Rectus inferior oculi.
   II L'MECTAN'TIA.  From humect a re, 'to mois-
 ten '  A  name formerly  given to drinks, which
 appeared  to possess the property of augmenting
 tbe  fluidity of the blood.
   HU'MERAL, Humera'Us.   That which belongs
 to, or is connected with, the arm  or humerus.
   Hu'meral Ar'tery, Arte'ria hiimeru'lis,  SCO
 Brachial artery.
   HUMERO-CUBITAL, Brachialis  anterior —
 A. Sits-mitacarpien, see Radialis—A. Sns-radial,
 Supinator radii longus.
!   UU'.MERUS, Sca'pula,  Onto,, Annus,  (F.)
 Epaiile, Shoulder, (Prov.) Spand.  The most ele-
 vated part of the arm.   The bones,  which con-
 cur in forming it, are— the scapula, head of  tbe
 humerus, and the  clavicle,  united together by
 strong ligaments, and covered by numerous mus-
 cles.
   Hu'meuus,  Os  hu'meri  seu bra'chii seu atljit-
 to'rium  seu  brachitl/e,  Brilrhinru,   Lacei-'lim,
 Shotdderbone, (Prov.)  Spaut-bone,   Sjram-boiie,
 Shiillbaue, is  the cylindrical, irregular bone of
 the  arm ; the upper extremity  of which has  a
 hemispherical head connected with the scapula;
 and two  tuberosities or tubercles, a greater and  a
 lesser, for the attachment  of muscles, between
 which is the Bicip'ital groove or Fossa.  At tho
 inferior extremity may be remarked — the inner
 condyle,  the outer condyle ; the small head, which
 is articulated with the radius; the trochlea articu-
 lated with the ulna, &c.  The humerus is deve-
 loped  by seven  points of ossification: — one for
 the body ; one for the head ; one for the greater
 tuberosity ; one for the trochlea ; one for the  epi-
 trochlea: one for the epicondyle; and another for
 the lesser head.
   Humerus Summus, Acromion.
   HUM EUR  A QUE USE,  Aqueous  humour —
 A.  Crystalline,  Crystalline — A.  llya/oide. Corpus
 vitreum—A. de .llon/ai/ni, Monragni, humour of.
   HUMEURS FROIDES,  Scrofula.
   HUMIDE RADIO ALE, Humidum radicale.
   HUMIDUM NATIVUM, H. radicale—h. Na- 
HUMILIS
467
HYALOID
tivum Articulorum,  Synovia — h. Primigenium, I
H. radicale.
  Hu'MIDUM Radica'le, Hn'midum primigen'ium |
peu  nati'vum  seu semina'le, Rad'iciil  .Moisture, I
(F.)  Humide radicale.   Names formerly given to
the liquid which was conceived to give flexibility
and  proper consistence to the different organic
textures.
  Hi'midum Seminale, H. radicale.
  HUMILIS,  Rectus inferior oculi.
  HUMLOIK. Conium.
  HUMOR, Humour — h. Albugineous, Aqueous
humour—h. Articularis, Synovia—h. Ceriwninous,
Cerumen—h.  Doridis, Water, sea — h.  Genitalis,
Sperm—h. Glacialis, Crystalline,  Corpus vitreum
— h. Hyalinus seu Hyaloidcs, Corpus vitreum —
h. Lacteus, Milk—h. Lacrymalis, Tear—h. Mo- ]
lancholicus, see Men.-urinlis — h.  Mercurialis, see
Mercurialis—h. Morgagnianus, Morgn.gni, humor
of—h. Ovatus, Aqueous humour—h. Ovifonuis,
Aqueous humour—h. Pericardii, see Pericardium
—h. Purulcntus, Pus — h. Seminalis, Sperm—h.
Venereus, Sperm—h. Vitreus, Corpus vitreum.
  HU'MORAL, Httmorillis,  from humere, 'to
moisten.'   Proceeding from, or connected  with,
the humours.
  HUMORES INQUILINI, Recrementitial Se-
cretions.
  HU310RIQUE, see Bruit humorique.
  HU'MORISM, Hu'moral  Pathology,  Patho-
log"ia liuinera'lis.   A medical  theory, founded
exclusively on the parts which the humours were
considered to  play in  the production of disease.
Although traces of this system may be found in
the most remote antiquity, the creation, or,  at all
events, the arrangement of it may be attributed
to Galen, who  enveloped  it in metaphysical sub-
tleties relating to the union between the elements
and  the four cardinal humours.
  IIU'MORISTS. The Galenical and other phy-
sicians,  who attributed all diseases  to the de-
praved state of the humours, or to vicious juices
collected in the body.
   HUMOUR, Humor,  Hygra'sia,  Hygrc'don,
Hijgruin.  Every fluid substance  of an  organized
body; — as the  blood,  chyle, lymph,  &c   The
Humours, X"!"01'  Chymi,  Humo'rcs,  differ consi-
derably ns to number and quality in the different
ppecies  of organized  beings;  and  even in the
same species,  according to the state  of  health or
disease.   The  ancients reduced them  to four ;
which they called car'dinal humours:—the blood,
phlegm, yellow bile,  and atrabilis or  black  bile.
A modern classification of the humours is given
under Fluid.
  HUMP.  Perhaps from umbo, 'the  boss of a
buckler.'  Hunch, Gibber, Gibbus, Glbba, Tuber,
(F.)  Basse.  A prominence,  formed  by a devia-
tion  of the bones of  the trunk.  Commonly, it. is
formed by the spine  or sternum,  and is  seated at
the  posterior  or anterior  part of the trunk.  It
may, also, be  produced by deviation of the ribs
or pelvis.  The spine  may  be  curved in  three
principal  directions.   1.  Backwards,   the  most
common  case; this  the ancients called Kvtpurats,
Cyphn'sis, Gibbos'itas.  2. Forwards, XooSorats, Lor-
dosis, Reciiria'tio ;  and  3. Laterally,  o-koXooois,
Sc/io'sis, Obstipa'tio.   Most curvatures occur at
n very early age, and  are  caused by  scrofula,
rick.ts,  &c;   and, not unfrequently,   they are
accompanied by caries  of the vertebra\  See  Ver-
tebral disease.   One  who is affected with a hump,
or is hnmjr'hacked,   Hnmpty,   Hitch-shouldered,
Slirunip-shonldered.  (Sc.)  Hulgielracked, Trudge-
bui-kfd, (Prov.)  Croopbacked, is  called, by the
French,  bossu.
  HUMPBACKED,  see Hump.
  HUMPTY. see Hump.
  HUMULUS, Humu'.us lupulus.
  IIu'mulus  Lu'pulus, Lu'pulus,  L.  scandens
seu commilnis sou salictilfins,  Ilumuhts, (from
humus, ' the ground on which it creeps,') Con vul-
val us peieu'nis, the Hop-plant.   Nat. Ord. Ur-
ticaceae.  (F.) Houblon, Vigne dn north  Its cones
or strobiles, Hilmiili strob'ili  (Ph. L.),  Ilunnilus
(Ph. U. S.), have a fragrant odour; and a bitter,
aromatic taste, depending on a  peculiar principle,
named Lu'pu/iu,  extractive  and  essential  oil,
which may be extracted,  equally, by water and
spirit, from the dried  strobiles.  The hop is em-
ployed as  a tonic and hypnotic, and enters into
the composition of ale and beer.
  Tbe Hop pillow, Pitlii'iiur Hu'muli, has  long
been used  for producing sleep.
  HUNCH,  Hump.
  IIUNGARICA FEBRIS, Fever, Hungary.
  HUNGER, Anglo-Saxon, hunjep, Fames, Li-
mo*, Peine, Peina, Esu'ries, Jejilnium, Jejtlititns,
Esuril'io,  Esuri'go,  (F.)  Faun.   Tbe necessity
for taking  food.  Hunger is an  internal sensation,
which some authors  have attributed to the  fric-
tion  between  tbe  sides  of tbe  stomach in its
empty state: others,  to the compression of tbe
nerves, when the organ  is contracted :  others, to
the action  of the gastric  juice,  <fec,  It is dictated
by  the wants of the system : — farther we know
not.  See  Appetite.
  HUNGER-CUBE, Limotherapeia.
  HUNGRY',  Famelicus,  Ll miens,  Limo'des;
(Prov.)  Haw, (vulg.)  Peckish ; same  etymon.
Affected with hunger.
  HURA  BRASILIEN'SIS,  Assacou,   Assad,,
 Ussacu.  A  Brazilian  tree, of  tbe Nat. Ord. Eu-
phorbiuceie, which, in form of  tbe extract of the
bark, is  esteemed a specific in  leprosy.  It is,
also,  given in elephantiasis, and as an anthel-
mintic.
  HURDIES. Nates.
  HURTLEBERRY,  Vaccinium myrtillus.
  HYA-HYA, Tahernneinonrnna utilis.
  HYACINTH, WILD,  Scilla escnlenta.
  HYACINTHUS   MUSUARI,  Bulbus  vomi-
torius.
  UY.ENAN'CHE GLOBO'SA. An arborescent
shrub of South Africa, Nut. Ord. Euphorbiaceae,
the fruit of which, pounded,  is  used to  destroy
hyaenas and other  beasts of prey, and seems to
contain strychnia.
  HYALEUS. Hyaline.
  H Y ' A L I N E, Hyalinus, Hyale'its,  Vilreus,
Vilreous,  (F.) Vitreux,  vitri.  Glassy.  Resem-
bling glass.
  Hyw.ine Substance,  Cytoblastema.
  lIYALI'TIS, Infiamma'tio til nica hyalo'idc a,
Hi/aloidi'tis,  Vilreo-capsnlltis, from   hyaloid,
and  itis, denoting inflammation.   Inflammation
of the hyaloid membrane of the eye.
  YlY'AfiOXD,Hyalo'des, Hyalo'ldes, from 'vaXos,
'glass,' and nHos, 'resemblance.'  Vitrif'orm ; re-
sembling glass.
  Hyaloid Canal, see Hyaloid membrane.
  Hyaloid Fossa, Fossa.  Hyalo'ide'a, is a cup-
like excavation in the  vitreous  humour, in which
the crystalline is imbedded.
  Hy'aloid  Membrane, Tu'nica Hyalo'ide'a seu
Vit'rca.3Ientbrit'ita Artichnoide'a,i* the extremely
delicate membrane, which  forms the exterior co-
vering of  the vitreous  humour, and transmits
within it prolongations, which divide it into cells.
Fillopius discovered this membrane, and gave it
the  name Hi/afoid.  On a level with the entrance
of the optic  nerve into  the  eye, tbe  hyaloid
membrane  has been described as forming,  by re-
flection, a  cylindrical  canal, which  pierces the
vitreous humour from behind to before, as far as
the  posterior part of the  crystalline.  See Canal,
hyaloid.  At its anterior part is  a  depression — 
HYAL0ID1TIS             468             HYDRARGYRI
Fossa patella'ris seu Icnticula'ris for the reception
of tbe crystalline lens.
  HYALOIDITTS, Hyalitis.
  HYALONIXIS, see  Cataract.
  HYALOXYXIS, see Cataract.
  IIYALOS. Vitrum.
  HYANCIIE, Cynanche tonsillaris.
  IIYBOMA, Gibbositas.
  HYBRID, Hi'brida. Hfbrida, (F.)  Hybride,
from the Greek 'vjipis,  'vj3ptSos, ' mongrel or mun-
grel.'  (F.)  3Iitis,  3Iulet.  A being born of two
different species,—as the mule.  The  term  is ap-
plied to plants as well  as to animals.  The  result
is termed Ht/bridity.   Hybrid is often, also, used
to designate words which are formed  from two
different languages—as nter-itis, for inflammation
of the uterus, in place of metritis.
  HYBRIDITY, sec Hybrid.
  HYDARTHROSIS, Hydrarthrus.
  HYDARTHRUS, Hydrarthrus.
  IIYDAS, Hydor.
  HYDAT'ID,  Hy'datis,  Bulla, Aqu'ula, Hy-
dro'a, Hydrocys'tis, Hygrocys'tis,  Tania  hyda-
tig"ena,  Echinococ'cus  hiima'nus,  from  't>i5w/j,
'vbaros, 'water.'   This name  was long given to
every encysted tumour which contained an aqueous
and transparent fluid.   Many pathologists sub-
sequently applied  it to vesicles, softer than the
tissue of membranes,  more  or  less transparent,
which are developed within  organs, but without
adhering to their tissues.  It is by no means clear
that  these formations  are really entozoa.  They
have been  found  in various parts of the  body ;
sometimes in the uterus, occasioning signs nearly
similar to those of pregnancy, but being sooner
or  later expelled.  The  expulsion  is  generally
attended with   more  or  less hemorrhage.  See
Acephalocystis.
   Hydatis,  Aqu'ula, Phlycta'nitla,  Verru'ca Pal-
pebra'rum, Milium, also, meant a small, transpa-
rent  tumour of tho eyelids.—Galen, C. Hoffmann.
   HYDATIDES  CERVICIS UTERI, Nabothi
 glandulae.
   HYDATIDOCE'LE, Hydatoce'le, from 'vUns,
 'hydatid/  and snXn,  'a  tumour.'   Oscheocele
 containing  hydatids; the Oscheoee'le hyelatido'sa,
 Hydatidoscheoce'/e of  Sauvages.
   HYDATIDO'lDES, Hydatoid.
   HYDATIDO'MA,  from 'voarts,  'hydatid.'  A
 tumour caused  by hydatids.
   IIYDATIDOSCHEOCELE, Hydatidocele.
   HYDAT'IFORM.  Hydatiforalis.   A  hybrid
 word from hydatid and forma, ' form.' Resem-
 bling an hydatid.
   HYDATINUS, Hydatoid.
   HYDATIS FINNA, Cysticercus cellulosae.
   HYDATIS'MUS, from 'vSurp, 'v&aros, 'water.'
 The noise caused by the fluctuation of pus con-
 tained in an abscess.—Aurelian, Foesius.
   HYTDATOCELE, Hydatidocele,  Hydrocele.
   HYDATOCH'OLOS,from'u<5wp,'uoutoj, ' water/
 and x0^"1'  '°ile.' Aquo'so-bilious.   An  epithet
 given  to  evacuated  matters  when  mixed with
 water and  bile.—Hippocrates, Foesius.
    HYDATODES, Aqueous.
   IIY'DATOID,  Hydato'i'des,  A'queous,  Aquo'-
 sns,  Hydato'des,  Hydalinus, Hydutido'des, Hy-
 datido'ldes, from 'vhwp, 'vharos, ' water/ and ttios,
 ' resemblance.' Watery.  Resembling water. This
 name has  been given to the membrane  of  the
 aqueous humour; and,also, to the aqueous humour
 itself.   Vinum  hydato'des ; wine and water.
   HYDATONCUS, Anasarca, (Edema.
   HYDATOPO'SIA,  from 'vboro, 'vtaros, 'water/
 and noais, 'drinking.'  Water-drinking;—hence
   HYDATOP'OTES.   A water-drinker.
   HYDATOTHERAPEIA, Hydrosudotherapeia.
   HYDERICUS, Hydropic.
  IIYDERODES, Hydropic.
  1IYDERONCUS, Anasarca. (Edema.
  HYDEROS, Anasarca, Hydrops.
  HY'DOR.  hy'datos,  'vfnop, 'vtiaros, and  Hydas,
hydatos, 'vSus, 'vSaros, 'water.'  Hence:
  HYDRACHNIS, see Varicella.
  HYDRADEN, Conglobate  gland.
  lIYDllADENl'TlS,lnfiammu'tiuglauditla'rum
lymphatica'rum,  from  Tlydraden,  'a  lymphatic
gland/ and itis, denoting inflammation.  Inflam-
mation of a lymphatic gland.
  Hl'DRiE'DUS, from 'vSwp, 'water/  and atioia,
'genital organs.'  ffidemu of the female organs.
  HYDREMIA, Hydroaeinia.
  HYDRAGOGA, Hydragogues.
  HYDRAGOGIA, Hydragogues.
  HYDRAGOGICA, Hydragogues.
  HY'DRAGOGUES, Ilydrago'ga, Hydrago'gia,
Hydrago'gica, Hydrop'ica, llydrolica, Aquithi'■
ca.  from 'v&iup, ' water/ and ayur, ' I expel.'  Me-
dicines believed to be capable of expelling serum
effused  into any part  of the body.  These are
generally cathartics or diuretics.
  HYDRAGOGUM BOYLEI, Argenti nitras.
  HYDR ALL ANTE, False Waters.
  HY'DRAL'LAS, from 'vSwp, 'water/ and nAAa;,
'a  sausage/—see Allantois.  A  morbid increase
in the quantity of  tbe fluid of the allantois.
  IIYDRALMyE, Waters, mineral (saline).
  HYDRAM'NIOS,  from  'vbmp,  'water/  and
'amnios.'  An excessive quantity  of  the liquor
amnii.
  IIYDRAN'GEA  ARBORES'CENS, //. vulga'-
ris, Sevenbark, Wild Ilydiarlgea,  Bissum.  Ord.
Hydrangeae. An indigenous  plant, which flowers
in July.  The leaves are said to be tonic, siala-
gogue, cathartic, diuretic, and antilithic.  [?]
  HYDR ANGEITIS, Angeioleucitis.
  HYDRANGIA, Lymphatic vessels.
  1IYDRANGI0GRAPHIA,  Angeiohydrogra-
pby-
  HYDRANGIOTOMIA, Angeiohydrotomy.
  IIYDRARGYRANATRIP'SIS, Hydrurgyren-
trip'sis,  from 'v&papyvpos, 'quicksilver,'and  ava-
rprlts,  'rubbing in.'  The rubbing in  of a prepa-
ration of quicksilver:—Hydrargyrotrip'sis,
   IIYDRARGYRENTRIPSIS,  Hydnirgyrana-
tripsis.
   HYDRARGYRI ACETAS, Hydrargyria  ace-
tatus—h. Bichloriduuj, H. oxymurias—h. Bioya-
nidum, H. eyanuretum—h. Biniodidum,  H. iodi-
dum rubrum—h. Binoxydum, H. oxydum rubrum
—h. Bisulphuretum, H.  sulphuretum  rubrum—b.
Borussias, II.  eyanuretum—h.  Bromidum, sec
Bromine — h. Calx alba, Hydrargyrum  pnecipi-
tatum — h.  Chloridum, II.  submurias — h. Chlori-
 dum  corrosivum,  H. Oxymurias — h. Chloridum
mite, H. submurias.
   Hyorar'gyri Cyanure'tum, H. Cya.n'idum seu
 Borus'sias seu Bicynn'idiim, Hydrar'gyrum  Cyn-
 nogena'tum seu Ili/drocyan'icum seu J torus'sieum
 seu Zoolicum,  Prussias Hydrar'gyri, Cyan'iirii
 or Prnssiate  of 3Tercury, (F.) Cyanure  de  31 er-
 cure.  (Ferri Ferro-cyanuret. 5}iv ; Ilydrurg. oxid.
 rubr.  J5''j:  vel °i-  s-J Aqua destillat. Oiij-   Pat
 the ferro-cyanuret and three ounces of the oxide
 of mercury, previously powdered and thoroughly
 mixed together, into a glass vessel, and pour on
 two pints of the  distilled water.  Boil the mix-
 ture, stirring constantly; and if, at the end of
 half an hour, the  blue colour remains, add  small
 portions of the oxide of mercury, continuing the
 ebullition until the mixture  becomes of a yellow-
 ish colour; then filter through paper.  Wash the
 residue in a pint of the  distilled water, and  filter.
 Mix the solution and evaporate till a pellicle ap-
 pears,  and set the liquor aside,  that crystals may
I form.   To  purify  the  crystals, subject it to re- 
HYDRARGYRI
409
HYDRARGYRI
solution, evaporation, and crystallization.—Ph.
U. S.)  This preparation has been strongly re-
commended as a powerful antisyphilitic, and is
admitted  into  tho  Parisian  codex.  Twelve to
twenty-four grains  may be dissolved in a quart
of distilled water, and three  or four spoonfuls of
the solution be taken daily in a glass of any ap-
propriate liquid.
   Hydrargyri Deuto-iodiium, H. Iodidum ru-
brnni—h. Deuto-ioduretuin, see Iodine—h. Dou-
tonitras, see II.  nitras — h.  Dipernitras, see H.
nitras — h. Hyperoxodes,  Hydrargyri  nitrico-
oxydum.
   Hydrargyri Iod'idum, H. Protoiod'idum seu
 I'rniti-iiidiire'tiim  seu  Subiotl'itlum,  Hydrar'gy-
 rnin loda'tum Jlavnm seu lodiduliltum,  Iod't'dum
 (ten  lodurv'tum hydrarqyro'snm, Proto'iodnrc''turn
 mercilrii, I'odifie or Pr'-otIodide ofi .Mercury, (F.)
 Piotoiodtire ou Protioditre de 3fcreure, (Ilydrurg.
 zj, fodin, %v, Alcohol  q. s.  Rub the  mercury
 and iodine together, adding  sufficient alcohol to
 form a soft paste, and continue the trituration till
 the  globules  disappear.  Dry the  iodide  in the
 dark, with a, gentle heat, and keep it in a well-
 stopped bottle, the light excluded. — Ph. U. S.)
 Dose,  one grain, gradually  raised to   three or
 four.
   Hydrargyri   Iodidum   Ciiloridi,  Mercury,
 iodide  of chloride of.
   Hydrargyri  Iodidum Rubrum, //.  Biniod'-
 iditnt  sen Deuto-iod'itlum  seu Dcuto-iodure'tum
 seu Period'ilium, Hydrarg'ynim ioda'tum rubrum
 seu Biioda'tum  seu  Perioda'ttim, lode'turn seu
 lotliilitm Hydrargyr'icum, Deiito-iodtire'tum mer-
 cn'rii,  Rett I'otlitlc, Bini'odide,  Deuti'odide and
 Perlodide of Mercury, (F.)  Petttiiklurc OU Bi-
 Idilure  ou  Periiidnre de 3Iercnre.   (Hydrarg.
 cirrus,  chltrrid.  3J, Potassii lotlid.  IJx.  Aqua
 destillat. Oij.   Dissolve the chloride in a pint and
 a half, and the iodide of potassium in half a pint
 of distilled water,  and  mix  the solutions.  Col-
 lect the precipitate on a filter, and, having washed
 it. with distilled  water, dry  it with  a  moderate
 beat, and keep it in a well-stopped bottle. — Ph.
 U. S.)   Dose, one-sixteenth  to one-fourth of  a
 grain.
   Hvdrargyri Murias basi Oxydi imperfecta
 II. oxymurias—h. Murias corrosivum, H. oxymu-
 rias— h. Murias dulcis  sublimatus, II. submurias
 —b. Oxygenatus, II. Oxymurias—h.  Murias spi-
 ritnosus liquidu«, Liquor hydrargyri  oxymuriatis
 —li. Murias suhoxygenatus  praecipitatione para-
 tus.  Hydrargyrum precipitatum.
   HvDRARGYRr  Nitras. A'itras  Hydrar'gyri in
 ei-yslallos concre'tns. Hydrargyrum nilricum,3Icr-
 cnriits  nitro'sns frlrjorepura'tits, A'itras hydrargy-
 ro'sus,  Az'atas hydrari/r/ro'siis, A'itrate  of 3Ier-
 cury, (F.) Azotate de mercure, Proto'dzotate de mer-
 t are, Nitrate rnercureux.  It is employed  in syphi-
 lis : and, externally, in fungous, obstinate  ulcers, i
   It is used in the  formation of the Soluble 3Ier-
 eury of Hahnemann.
   An acid nitrate of mercury, Hydrar'gyri deuto-
 nitras  seu dipernitras sell snpernitras. 3Terc.ilrius
 nitro'sns calide  partitas, A'itras hyih-uci/i/r'icus,
 Az'otas hydrargyr' icus liq'uitlits. Lit/nor l/ydrar'-
 qi/r i supern it rtl tis. Hydrargyri per intra'tit Li'pair,
 (Ph. D.) Solution of supcrnitrttte of mercury. So-
 lution of super-nitrate ofdattoxide of mercury, (F.)
 Detttiriizotate  acide  liquide  de mercure, A'itrate
 tieit/e de mercure. made by dissolving four parts :
 i'f mercury in  eight of nitric acid, and  evaporating
 the  solution  to  nine parts, has been used as  a
 caustic  in malignant ulcerations  and cancerous
 affections.
   Ward's White Drops,—a  once celebrated anti-
 scorbutic nostrum,—were prepared by dissolving
 men-iii-,/ in nitric  acid, and  adding a solution of
 tarbonate of ammonia; or, frequently, they con-
ii sisted of a solution of sublimate with carbonate of
\ ammonia.
    Hydrargyri  Nit'rico-ox'ydum, Hydrar'gyri
 oxydum rubrum (Ph. U. S.,!, Hydrargyria nitrtl-
 | tits ruber, 3/ercilrius corrosi'vtts ruber seu praci-
 pita'tns corrosi'vus seu pradpita'tus ruber sell
 coralllnus, Area'num  coralli'iium, Pill vis prill -
 ciju's, Pracipita'tits ruber, Ox'yditm  hydrar'gyri
 comple'turn seu hydrargyr'icum, Pauace'ii mercil-
 rii rubra, Pulvis Joan'nis de  Vigo, Oxo'des hy-
 drargyri rubrum, Hyperoxo'eles hydrargyri, Ox'y-
 dnm hydrar'gyri nilricum sen hydrargyri rub rum
 per ne"idum  nilricum, A'itric  oxide  of  mercury,
 Red precip'itate, (F.) Oxide nitrique de  mercure,
  Pricipiti rouge onper sc, .Mercure corallin, X it rate
 de mercure rouge.   (Hydrarg.  ^xxxvj; Acid..
  nitric,  f^xviij;  Aqua Oij.  Dissolve  the mer-
 cury with a  gentle heat, in  the acid and water
 previously mixed, and evaporate to dryness. Rub
 into powder, and heat  in  a  very shallow vessel
  till red vapours cease to rise.—Ph. U. S.)  It is
  a stimulant and  escharotic, and used as such  in
  foul ulcers, being sprinkled  on the part in fine
  powder, or united with lard into an ointment.
    Hydrargyri  Oxodes   Rubrum,  Hydrargyri
  nitrico-oxydum—h. Oxydi murias aininoniacalis,
  Hydrargyrum praecipitatum — h. Oxydulum  ni-
  grum, H. Oxydum cinereum.
    Hydrargyri  Oxydum  Cine'reum,  jJ-Jthiops
  per se, 31t ralrius niger 3Insca'ti sen. pracipita'-
  tits niger,  Oxydum  hydrar'gyri  nigrum, seu hy-
  drargyro'snm seu hydrargyr'icum pracipitn'tuu,,
  Oxyd' itlum hydrar'yyri nigrum,Puhismercttria'lis
  cine'reus, Mereuriiis cine'reus, Turpe'thum nit/rum.
  Gray or Black oxide  of 3Iercury, (F.) Oxide de
  mercure cendri,  Oxide gris ou noir-  de  mercure,
  Protoxide  de mercure.   This  oxide  is  made  in
  various ways.  It may be formed by boiling sub-
  muriate of mercury in lime water.   The  dose of
  this Pulvis Hydrargyri cinereus is from two  to
  ten grains.  There are four other preparations of
  it in estimation,  viz :—Plenck's solution,  made by
  rubbing niercur,y with  mucilage.  2. By rubbing
  equal parts of sugar and mercury  together.   3.
  A  compound of honey or  liquorice  and purified
  mercury.   4.  The blue pill, and ointment.   All
  these possess the usual properties of  mercury-
     The  Hydrargyri Oxidum Nigrum of the Ph. U.
  S. is made as follows: — Hydrarg. Chlorid. mit.,
  Potassa, uii t^iv. Aqua Oj.  Dissolve the potassa
  in the water, allow the dregs  to subside, and pour
  off the clear solution.  To this add the  chloride,
  and stir constantly till the black  oxide is formed.
  Pour off  the supernatant liquor, wash the black
  oxide with distilled water, and dry with a gentle
  heat.   Dose, one or two grains.
     The  Mereuriiis eohlbilis  of  Hahnemann  is
  formed from a black oxide of mercury.  It is the
  .Mercnrius  solilbilis Ilnhneinan'ni,  Oxydum  hy-
  drargyri nigri median'te  ammo'nia,  ex  protoni-
  tra'te hydrar'gyri praapita'turn, Az'otas hydrar-
  gi/ro'so-iimmo'iiicus,  (F.)  Azotate de  mercure et
  d'ammoniaque,  Oxyde gris ou  noir de  3/ercure,
  Pricipiti noir,  Turbith noir.  which has  been es-
  teemed, in  Germany and France, as an antisyphi-
  litic.  Dose gr. l-5th to gr. i.  It is  used in  the
  same cases as the Hydrargyri oxydum cinereum.
    Hydrargyri  Oxydum  Nigrum,  II.  oxydum
  cinereum — h. Oxydum nigrum mediante ammo-
  nia et protonitrate hydrargyri  praecipitatum, see
  H. oxydum cinereum—h. Oxydum  nitricum, Hy-
  drargyri nitrico-oxydum.
    Hydrargyri  Oxydum  Rubrum,  H.  Binox'y-
  dum, 3/cceiti-iiis  calcina'ttts, Hydrar'gyrus calci-
 natus, (F.)  Oxide de  .Mercure  rouge, Red  oxide
 of mer'cury.  (Made by precipitation from a so-
 lution of  bichloride of mercury by solution of
 potassa.)    See Hydrargyri nitrico-oxydum.
    It is stimulant and  escharotic;  and,  in  largo 
HYDRARGYRI            470            HYDRARGYRUM
doses, emetic.  Owing to the violence of its ope-
ration, it is seldom given internally.              ,
  Hydrargyri Oxydum Rubrum Per  Acidum
Nitricum, Hydrargyri  nitrico-oxydum—h. Oxy-
dum saccharatum. Hydrargyrum saccharatum —
h. Oxydum sulphuricum, Hydrargyrus vitriolatus.
  Hydrargyri Oxy.mu'rias, H. Chlo'ridum Cor- j
roslvuni (Ph. U.  S.), seu Bichlo'ridum seu  Per- \
linlrias, Hydrargyrus muria'tns, 3lilrifts hydrar- J
gyri corroii'vns seu  oxygena'tus seu  hydrargyri j
bust oxydi imperfec'ti seu hydrargyri  corrosivum,
Sublima'tus  corrosivus, Stibliina'tiim   corrosivum,
3Iercnrias corrosivus seu corrosivus  sublima'tus,
Super-milrias hydrargyri, (F.) Deutochlornre  ou
Bichloride de mercure,  3Iuriate oxygini  de  mer-
cure, Sublime corrosif;  Bichlo'ride or Oxytnuriate
or Corrosive  muriate  of mercury, Corrosive subli-
viate.   (Hydrarg.  tbij,  Acid.  Sulphur.  Tbiij,
Sodii Chlodtl. Ibiss.  Boil  the mercury with tbe
sulphuric acid until the sulphate  of mercury is
left  dry.  Rub this, when cold, with  the  chloride
of sodium, in an  earthenware mortar; then sub-
lime with a gradually increasing heat.—Ph. U.  S.)
It is used as an antisyphilitic  eutrophic  in vene-
real complaints,  old  cutaneous affections,  &c.
Gr.  iij to Oj  of water is a good gargle in venereal
sore-throats, or an injection in gonorrhoea.  Ex-
ternally,  it  is  applied  in cases of tetter, and to
destroy  fungus,  or  stimulate  old ulcers.  Dose,
gr. 1-16 to  gr. 1-8, in  pill, once in  twenty-four
hours.   White of egg is  the best antidote to it,
when taken  in an overdose.
   The Yellow Wash, Aqua phageda'nica, Lo'tio
Hydrar'gyri fiava, Phageden'ic Wash, is made by
adding corrosive sublimate  to lime-water, usually
in the proportion of fifteen grains to half a pint.
It is a common application  to syphilitic sores.
   Hydrargyri Pehiodidum, II. Iodidum rubrum
—h. Permurias, Hydrargyri oxymurias—h. Pro-
to-iodidum, II. Iodidum—h. Proto-ioduretum, II.
Iodidum—h. Proto-tartras, II. tartras — h. Prus-
sias, II. eyanuretum—h.  Saccharum vermifuguin,
Hydrargyrum saccharatum — hT Subchloridum,
II. Submurias—h. Subiodidum, II. Iodidum.
   Hydrargyri  Submu'rias, //. Chl.or'idum seu
Subchlor'idum seu dilor'idum mite (Ph. U. S.).
 Calom'elas,  Calomel'aners  Torque'ti,  Ctilom'eli,
Hydrar'gyrum muriat'icum  mite,  Draco mitit/iltus,
Submu'rias hydrargyri mitis, Shbniilrias  Hydrar-
gyri sublimit'turn, Mercilrius dulcis seu dulcis  su-
blima'tus ; — when precipitated, 31. dulcis preci-
pita'tus, 31.  sublima'tus dulcis, 31. Zo'ticus Hart-
mailni,—Panaee'a 3Iercuriu'lis  (when nine times
Sublimed),   31urias  hydrargyri  dulcis  subli-
ma'tus,  Aq'uila,  3Ianna  3Ietallo'rum,  Panchy-
mago'gurn rninerrlle, P. Querceta'nus, mild Chlo-
ride, protochloride,  submuriate,  subchloride,  or
mild Muriate of 3lercury, Calomel, (F.) 3lereure
doux,  Protochlorure de mercure.  Mild  chloride
of mercury is thus directed to be prepared in  the
Pharmacopoeia of the United States: — 3Tercury,
ft>iv; Sulphuric Acid, Ibiij  ; Chloride ofi Sodium,
Ibiss;  Distilled water, a sufficient quantity.  Boil
two pounds  of the mercury with the sulphuric
acid, until  the sulphate  of mercury  is left dry.
Rub this, when cold, with  the remainder of  the
mercury, in an  earthenware mortar, until  they
are  thoroughly mixed.  Then add  the  chloride
of sodium, and rub it with  the other ingredients
till  all the  globules disappear: afterwards  su-
blime.   Reduce  the sublimed matter to a very
fine powder, and wash  it frequently with boiling
distilled water, till the washings afford no precipi-
tate upon the addition  of liquid ammonia; then
dry it.   Properties.  Antisyphilitic  and siala-
gogue : in large  doses, purgative.  Dose: one or
two grains given at  night gradually excite ptya-
lism.  Gr. v to xx, purge.  Children  bear larger
doses than adults.
   The Black Wash,  Lo'tio Hydrar'gyri nitjra,
 is formed of calomel, ^ij ; Lime-water, Uj.   l.-cd
 for syphilitic sores.
   Hydrargyri   Submurias Ammoniatum, Hy-
 drargyrum praecipitatum — h. Subsulpbas lliivus,
 Hydrargyrus vitriolatus — h. Subsulpbas  pero.vi-
 dati,  Hydrugyrus vitriolatus — h.  Sulphas, Hy.
 drargyrus vitriolatus, Hydrargyri  sulphas tbivos.
   Hydrargyri  Sulphure'tum Nigrum,  11. sul-
 phure'tum  cunr sulphure. Hydrargyria) sell .Mer-
 euriiis cum sulphure, 11.  e sulphure, ^Ethinps
 minera'lis,  Pulvis hypnot'iats, JEthiops uareut'-
 iats,  Calom'elas, (F.)  Sulfure  de  mercure  noir,
 Black sulphuret.  of mercury, Sulphuret of rnerctini
 with sulphur,  Ethiops  mineral.  (Hydrarg., Sul-
 phur, aa Ibj.  Rub together till the globules dis-
 appear, Ph. U.  S.).   Used chiefly in scrofulous
 and cutaneous affections.   Dose, gr. x to ^-s.
   Hydrargyri  Sulphure'tum Rubrum,'/'/. Hi.
 sulphure'tum,  Hydrargyrus  sulphura'tus  ruber,
 Min'ium piirttm  seu Graco'rum, 3/agncs ejiih,/.
 sia,  Ammion, Purpuris'surn,  3/ercurius  Ciitun.
 bad'mis,  Cinnab'tiris,  Cinab'aris, Ciiiubtlriitni,
 Bisulphuret or Red Sulphuret  of  Mercury,  Ciu'-
 nabar,  Cin'oper,  Vermilion,  (F.)  Sulfure  de
 3lercnre rouge,   Cinabre,  Cinnabre.   (Hydrnrtr,
 3x1; Sulphur, 5*viij.  Mix the mercury with the
 sulphur melted over the  fire; and as soon as tho
 mass  begins to swell remove the vessel from the
 fire, and cover it with  considerable force  to pre-
 vent combustion.  Rub the mass into powder and
 sublime.  (Ph. U. S.)
   It  is an antisyphilitic, but  is chiefly used  in
 fumigation against venereal ulcers of the nose,
 mouth,  and throat;—3SS being thrown on a red-
 hot iron.   This  preparation is the basis of a nos-
 trum, called Boerhaave's Red Pill,
   Hydrargyri  Supermurias,  II.  oxymurias—h.
 Supernitras, see Hydrargyri nitras.
   Hydrargyri  Tartras, H. Proto-tartras, Tar.
 trate  of 3Iercury.  Antisyphilitic.  Dose, one  or
 two grains twice a day.
   Hydrargyri   et Arsenici  Iodidum, Arsenic
 and  Mercury, iodide of.
   Hydrar'gyri et Qui'nia; Proto-chlo'ridum,
 Protochloride of 3fercury  and  Quinia.  A com-
 bination of mild chloride of mercury and quinia,
 administered in  obstinate cutaneous diseases.
   HYDRARGYRIA,  Eczema mercuriale.
   HYDRARGYRI'ASIS,   Hydrargyro'sis,  from
 'vbpapyvpos, 'mercury.'  A disease induced by the
 use of mercury; 3lorbus 3Iercuria'lis,(F.) 3Iula-
 die 3lercurielle.   Poisoning by  mercury.  Eczema
 mercuriale.  Also, the phenomena produced  by
 mercury on  the  organism, 3lercu'rialisni, 3Ier-
 ciirialism'us.
   HYDRARGYRICUM, Mercurial.
   HYDRARGYRIUM, Mercurial.
   HYDRARGYROSIS,  Eczema mercuriale, Hy-
 drargyriasis.
   HYDRARGYRO-STOMATITIS,  see  Saliva-
 tion,  mercurial,  and Stomatitis, mercurial.
   HYDRARGYROTRIPSIS, Hydrargyra-
 natripsis.
   HYDRAR'GYRUM, Hydrar'gyrus, from 'vborp,
 'water/ and apyvpos, 'silver;' Mercu'rius, Argen-
 tum vivum  seu mo'bile seu  fusum  seu fugiti'vum
 seu  liq'uidam,  Missadan,  Fumns albus,  Lor its,
 Area areano'rnm, Da'dalus,  Mater  metullo'rnrri,
 3Iercnry,  Quick'siher, formerly Argent-vive, (F.)
 3lercure, 31. cm, Vifi Argent.   A fluid, brilliant
 metal;  of a slightly  bluish white colour; fluid
 above — 39° of  Fahr. and under 656°.  S.  g.i
 when liquid, 13.568 (Cavendish); easily oxydized.
 Metallic quicksilver does not  act on  the body,
. even  when taken into the stomach.  When o.xy-
1 dized, and  combined with acids, it acts powerfully.
i It h.as been exhibited  in cases  of constriction of
!| the bowels and  in intussusception, from a notion 
HYDRARGYRUS             171              HYDREL.EON
 that if must certainly pass through the bowels by
 its gravity.  The water, in  which mercury  has
 been boiled, has  been recommended as a vermi-
 fuge ;  but it probably enjoys no such property, as
 cluniical  tests do not exhibit the presence of the
 metal.  When the crude metal is distilled  in an
 iron  retort,  it  forms  tbe Hydrur'gyrurn puri-
 fica'tnin.
   Hydrargyrum  Ammoniato-Muriaticum,  II.
 priecipitatuin—h. Ammoniatum, 11. praecipitatum
 — h. Biiodatuin, Hydrariryri  iodidum rubrum—h.
 Biiodatuin cum kalio iodato,  Potassii hydrargyro-
 iodiduui—b. Borussicuin, Hydrargyri eyanuretum
 —h. Cyanogenutum, Hydrargyri eyanuretum.
   HvDKARGYIU M CUM  CllETA  (Ph. U. S.),  //?/-
 drar'gyrus eiim creta, Mereuriiis a/kalisa'tus, 3/cr-
 citrij  with  chalk,   jE'thiops  alca/isa'tiis,  Gray
 pointier, (F.)  .Mercure arcc la eraie.   (Hydrarg.
 ^iij;  Creta p a/iarat. £ v.   Rub  them  together
 till  the globules disappear.   Ph.  U. S.)  A  pro-
 toxide of mercury, formed  by trituration  with
 carbonate of  lime.   It  is somewhat uncertain ;
 and consequently not much employed  as a mer-
 curial.  It possesses tbe properties of tbe black
 oxide of mercury, and may be advantageously ex-
 hibited in cases of  diarrhoea in children, depend-
 ent upon acidity and vitiated secretions.  Dose,
 gr.  v to ^>*, twice  a day, in  any viscid substance.
   Hydrargyrum cum  Magxe'sia of tbe Dublin
 Pharmacopoeia resembles  it  in properties.
   Hydrargyrum  Hydroi yanicum,  Hydrargyri
 eyanuretum—h.  Iodatum, Hydrargyri iodidum —
 h. Iodatum cum chlorido Mercurii, Mercury, io-
 dide of chloride  of—h. Iodatum fiavum, Hydrar-
 gyri iodidum — h.  Iodatum  rubrum, Hydrargyri
 iodidum  rubrum — h.  Iodidulatuin, Hydrargyri
 iodidum—h.  Muriaticum  Mite. Hydrargyri sub-
 murias—h.  Nitricum, Hydrargyri  nitras—h. Pe-
 riodutmn, Hydrargyri iodidum rubrum.
   Hydrargyrum Pr.euipita'tum,  H. ammonia'-
 turn (Ph. U. S.).  //. ammonia'to-muriat'icum,  Hy-
 drar'yijri  aiumo'nio-ehlo'riditm,  .Mereuriiis  cos-
 melit-its, .Mu'rias oxidi  hydrargyri ammoniaca'/is,
 31.  hydrar'gyri  sitb-oxyyenn'tiis pracipitatio'ue-
 pitra'tus,  Submu'rias   amnion i'a co-hy dra rgy r' i-
 cus,  S.   Hydrargi/ri  ammoniutuin  seu  Praci-
 pita'turn, Calx Hydrargyri  alba,  Pracipita'tum
 album, Ammo'nio-chloride  of 3Tcrcury,  White
 precip'itate of Mercury,  White precipitate,  Cal-
 cinti'tum majus Pote'rii, (F.) Sousinuriate de mer-
 cure pricipiti  ou  Pricipiti  blanc.  (Hydrarg.
 chloral, c.orros. £ vj : aqniv destillat. cong., Liquor
 ammonia, f^viij.   Dissolve  the chloride in the
 water, with the aid  of heat,  and to the solution,
 when cold, add  the solution  of  ammonia,  fre-
 quently stirring.   Wash the precipitate till it is
 tasteless,  and  dry it—Ph. U. S.)
   A peroxide, combined with  muriatic  acid  and
 ammonia, forming a triple  salt.   It  is used in
 powder,  to  destroy  vermin ;  and, united  with
 lard, for the same purpose, as  well  as in scabies
 and some other cutaneous  affections.
   Hydrargyrum Sacchara'tum,  AE'thiops sac-
 chtna'tiis, .Mercu'rius sacchara'tus, Ox'idum  hy-
 drargyri  sacchara'tum,  Sae.'charum hydrargyri
 vei-mif'ugitm.  A  mild mercurial formula in seve-
 ral of the Pharmacopoeias  of continental Europe;
 formed by triturating one part of mercury with
 two  of white sugar.  It is used in the  venereal
 affections  of children.
   Hydrargyrum Zooticum, Hydrargyri eyanu-
 retum.
   HYDRARGYRUS. Hydrargyrum.
   IIvdr iRGYiins Ackta'tus. S/rermtt mercu'rii,
 Terra folia'to  mercu'rii, .Mereuriiis  aceta'tiis, Hy-
drargyri  Ace't,m, Aeefas seu Proto-ace'tus Hy-
drari/yri,  A'"etate  of mercury.   This  was  the
b isis of A'< :/scr's  pills, and was  once much cele-
brated iu the cure of the venereal  disease.   The
j;  dose  is from three to five grains, but it is not
  much used.
j    The  formula  for  Keyser's  anti-veneveal pills
  was as follows: — Hydrarg.  Acet. ,^iv; 3Iiinna-,
  t^xxx; Amyl. §ij; 31nc.  G.  'frag. q. s.   To be
  made into pills of  gr. vj each.  Dose, two pills.
    Hydrargyrus  Calcinatus, Hydrargyri oxy-
  dum  rubrum — h. cum Creta, Hydrargyrum cum
  creta — h. Muriatus, Hydrargyri oxymurias — b.
  Nitratus ruber, Hydrargyri nitrico-oxydum.
    Hydrargyrus Phosphora'tus,  Phosphurelteil
  mercury.   This  preparation   has  been  recom-
  mended in  cases  of  inveterate  venereal ulcers,
  but is now scarcely used.
    Hydrargyrus Sulphuretus Ruber, Hydrar-
  gyri  sulphuretum   rubrum — h. cum  Sulphure,
  Hydrargyri  sulphuretum nigrum—h. e Sulphure,
  Hydrargyri  sulphuretum nigrum.
    Hydrargyrus  Vitkiola'tus, Turpe'thum mi-
  neril/e, 3/ercurr'us  emelicus fluvus seu cans'ticus
  fiavus sen lit'tens, Hydrargyri sulphas seu sulphas
  Jiavus (Ph. U. S.),  Siibsu/jdias Hydrargyri J/avus,
  Oxydum  hydrargyri sulphu'ricum,  Subsiilpltas
| hydrargyri peroxida'ti. Calx mercu'rii vitriolu'ta,
  turbith miilerul, (F.) Soiis-snlfale de mercure ou
'I turbith minimi.   (Ilytlntry.  ^iv;  Acid. Sulph.
  3vj.   Mix  in a glass vessel,  mid  boil in a sand-
I hath  till  a  dry, white mass  remains.   Rub this
  into  powder,  and   throw  it  into  boiling  water.
  Pour off  the liquor, and wash the yellow preci-
  pitated powder repeatedly with  hot water: then
  dry it—Ph.  U. S.)   Two grains of this mercurial
  act on  the  stomach violently.  It is sometimes
  recommended  as an errhine in amaurosis.
    HYDRARTHRON, Hydrarthrus.
    HYDRART11ROS. Hydrarthrus.
    HYDRARTHROSIS, Hydrarthrus.
    HYDRAR'THRUS, Hydarthrus, II.  synovia'-
  lis, Hydrops articulo'rum, Hydrarthron, Hydrar'-
  thros, .Meliee'ria,  Sjrina  vento'sa of Rhazes and
  Avicenna, Arthritis Hydrar'thros,  Hydarthro''sis,
  Hi/drarthro'sis,  Emmyx' inm  articula're,  Tumor
  albus, White swelling ; from  'vewp, ' water/ and
  apSpov,  'a joint.'   (F.) Titniair blanche, T. lym-
  phatique des articulations.  The French surgeons
  apply the term Hydrarthrus to dropsy of  the ar-
;  ticuhitions.   White swelling is an  extremely for-
  midable disease.   It may attack any one of the
  joints; but is most commonly met with  in the
  knee, the haunch, the foot, the elbow, and gene-
  rail}7  occurs  in  scrofulous children.  It consists,
  at  times,  in  tumefaction,  and softening  of the
  soft parts  and ligaments, which  surround  the
  joints;  at others,  in  swelling and caries of the
  articular  extremities  of  bones:  or both these
  states may exist at the same time.   The treat-
  ment consists in the employment of counter-irri-
  tants; the use of iodine internally and externally,
  <fec.  Also, Synovia.
    HYDRASTIS EXPAN'SA, Great freshwater
  Tortoise.  On the sandy banks of  rivers in Peru
  this animal buries its eggs, fnom which the Indians
  extract oil.  Its flesh supplies well-flavoured food.
 —Tschudi.
   HYDRASTIS, II. Canadensis.
   Hydras'tis  Canadensis, Hydrastis,  (perhaps
 from  'vbutp,   'water/ and  bpaw, ' I am  active.')
  Warnera   Canaden'sis,  Hydrophyll urn  verum,
  Ciina'dian Hydrastis,  Yellow  Root, Orange Root,
  Yellow  Put-coon,   Ground  Rusp'berry,   Yellow
 Paint,  Golden  Seal,  Irldian Paint,  Eyebulm.
 Nat.  Ord.  Ranunculaceae.  It is used  in Ken-
 tucky as a 'mouth  water/ and as an outward ap-
 plication in wounds and local  inflammations.
   HYDRA'TIOX. Hydriltio, from  'v&orp, ' water.'
 Impregnation or moistening with water: as Hy-
drati   means  impregnated  or moistened with
 water.
   Hl'DRELiE'OX, Hydrola'um, from  'v&up, 
HYDRELYTRON            4
'water/ and eXatov,  'oil.'  A mixture of  water
and oil.
  HYDRELYTRON, see Hydrocele.
  HYDREMA, CEdeina.
  HYDRENCEPHALITIS,  Hydrocephalus in-
ternus.
  IIYDRENCEPHALIUM,  Hydrocephalus in-
ternus.
  HYDRENCEPHALOCE'LE,   Hydrocephalo-
c'le,  from  'vburp, 'water/  tyKi'PaXos,  'the  ence-
phalon/ and KnXn, 'rupture, protrusion.'   A mon-
strosity in which there is a fissure of the cranium,
the integument of the head  being  present, and
forming a hernial sac in which the brain  lies out-
side  the  skull—the sac containing a large  quan-
tity of serous fluid.   Also, Hydrocephalus chro-
niciis.
  HYDRENCEPHALON,   see   Hydrocephalus
ehronicus.
  HYDRENCEPH'ALOID,  from 'vburp, 'water/
tyKttpaXos, 'the brain/ and  etbos, 'resemblance.'
Resembling  hydrencephalus. Hydrenccpllaloid
disease, Spn'rious hydrocephalus,  Pseudo-ence-
phali'tis.   Disorders of the  bowels, and exhaus-
tion in children, are  at times attended  with hy-
drencephaloid symptoms.
  HYDRENCEPHALUS,  Hydrocephalus inter-
1'US.                     _
  HYDRENTEROCE'LE,  from 'vburp,  'water/
ivrepov, ' intestine/ and nnXn, ' a  tumour.'   Intes-
tinal hernia, the sac  of which encloses fluid.
  IIYDRENTEROMPHALOCE'LE, Hydrcnte-
rom'phalus, from 'vburp,  'water/ evrepov, 'intes-
tine/  optpaXos, 'umbilicus/ and  srjXri, 'rupture.'
Umbilical hernia with intestine and water in the

 ' HYDRENTEROMPHALUS, Hydrenterom-
jihalocele.
  HYDREPIGASTRIUM, see Ascites.
  HYDREPIPLOCE'LE,  from  'vlurp,   'water/
tmnXoov, ' omentum/  and  nnXn, ' rupture.'   Omen-
tal hernia, with water in  the  sac.
  IIYDREPIPL0iM'PHALUS,//yo7repi>(ompAr«-
loce'le, from 'vburp, ' water/ £7ri7rAooi<, ' omentum/
and optpaXos, 'umbilicus.'  Umbilical hernia, with
omentum and water  in the sac.
  HYDRETRUM, Ascites.
  HYDRIASIS, Hydrosudotherapeia.
  HYDRIATER, see Hydropathic.
  HVDRIATRIA, Hydrosudotherapeia.
  HYDRIATRICA  ARS, Hydrosudotherapeia.
  HYDRIATRICUS. see Hydropathic.
  HYDRIATRUS. see Hydropathic.
  HYDRIODAS KALICUS, see  Potassae hy-
driodas.
  HYDRIODIC ACID, see Acid, hydriodic.
  HY'DRO'A,  Hidro'a,  Aqu'ula,  Boa, Planta
noctis, from'vburp, 'water.'   An  affection, which
consists in  an  accumulation of  water or serous
fluid under the epidermis.   Some have used hy-
dro a synonymously  with sndamina ;  others with
2rernphigus.   In the  first case, it has generally,
however,  been  written   hidro'a,  from  'tbpurs,
' sweat/ and in the latter hydro'a.   See H37datid.
  HYDROJl'MIA, Hydra'mia,  Ilamyd'ria ;
from 'vburp, 'water/ and 'atpa, 'blood.' Anaemia.
The state of the blood in whieh the watery con-
stituents are in exeess.
  HYDROAEROPLEURIE, Hydropneumo-
thorax.
  IIYDROA'RION,   Hydro'dph'or-on,  Hydroo-
phor'ia,  Hyd,od'rium, Hydroova'rium, Hy'drops
ortlrii, Ascites ovarii, A. saccrltus,  (F.) Hydro-
pisie de I'ovaire, from 'vlurp,' water,' and urapiov,
' ovarium.'  Dropsy  of the ovarium.
  Hl'DROATA, Sudaraina.
  HYDROBLEPHARON, Hy'drops Palpebra,
HYDROCEPHALUS
| Blcjyharaede'ma  aquo'sinn,  (Ede'ma palpehra'*
 rum.  An oedema or watery swelling of the eye-
 lids ; from 'vburp, 'water,' and (iXttpupov, 'eyelid'
   HYDROCACIIEXIA, Leucophlogiimtia..
   HYDROCARDIA, llydroporicaruium, see Pe-
 ricardium.
   UYDROCATARRIIOPIIE'SIS,   Ilydrocatar.
 rhopllia, from 'vburp, ' water,' and Karappofuv, 'to
 sip up.'  Absorption of water from without.
   UYDROCE'LE, Hydrops Scroti seu testiculo'-
 rum, Hydroscheoee'le, llydatoce'/e, llydros'cheum,
 Hydror'ehis, Hydroschiouie, (Alibert,) from 'vburp,
 'water/ and nnXn, 'a tumour.'  A  term gene-
 rally  applied to a collection of  serous fluid in
 the areolar  texture  of the scrotum or in some
 of the coverings, either of tbe testicle or sper-
 matic cord.   To tbe first of these varieties  the
 names — External  Hydrocele,  11.  ademato'des,
 (F.) II. par  infiltration have been given;  and to
 the second, those of Hydroce'le iuter'na, II. tu'-
 nica  vagina'lis tes'tis, Hydrelytrou, (F.) 11. par
 ipanchement.  When the collection occurs in  the
 envelope of the testicle, it is  called //.  of the
 tunica vaginalis;  and  the epithet congenital ia
 added, when the interior  of the membrane, in
 which it is situate, still communicates freely with
 the cavity of the abdomen.   When it  exists in the
 spermatic chord, it is called encysted, or diffused
 Hydrocele of the spermatic cord, as the case may
 be.   The tumour of  the distended scrotum is ob-
 long:  greater below than  above; indolent and
 semi-transparent.   When  it  becomes inconve-
 niently large, the  fluid may be  evacuated  by
 puncturing  with a  trocar, but, as  it collects
 again, this  operation   can  only be  considered
 palliative.  The radical cure consists, usually, in
 injecting, through the canula of the trocar, which
 has been left in, after puncturing, some irritating
 liquid, as wine.  This  is kept in the  tunica vagi-
 nalis  for a  few minutes, and  then  withdrawn.
 The coat inflames ; adhesion takes place, and the
 cavity is obliterated.
   Hydrocele of tue Neck.  A tumour, filled
 with a watery fluid, occupying some portion of
 the neck.
   Hydrocele Peritonei,  Ascites — h. Spinalis,
 Hydrorachis.
   HYDROCENO'SIS, from 'vburp,  'water/  and
 Kevurots,  ' evacuation.'  The evacuation of water
 morbidly accumulated  in the body.
   HYDROCEPHALE, Hydrocephalus.
   HYDROCEPHALE AIGUE, Hydrocephalus
 internus.
   HYDROCEPHALICS,  Hydrocephalus inter-
 nus.
   HYDROCEPHALIUM, Hydrocephalus.
   HYDROCEPHALOCELE, Hydrencephalo-
 cele.
   H YDR 0 CEP HAL OE CTAS1E, Hydrocepha-
 lus ehronicus.
   HYDROCEPHALUS, Hydroccph'alum,  Hy-
 drocra'nia,   Hydrocra'nium,   Hydroecphal ium,
 Hydroceph'ale, Hydrops Cap'itis seu  Cer'ebri,
 from  'vburp, 'water/ and   KttpaXv,   'the  bead."
  Water in the  head,  Dropsy of the head. Dropsy
 of the brain.  A collection of water within  the
 head.  It may be internal or external.
   Hydrocephalus  Acutus,   H. internus —h.
 Acutus senum, Apoplexy,  serous — h. Adnatus,
 see II. ehronicus—h. Congenitus, see  H. ehronicus
 — h. Externus, II. ehronicus — h. Meningcus, H.
 internus.
   Hydrocephalus  Ciiron'icus,  llydrencepha-
 loce'le, Hydrops Ccp'itis sou arachno'idea,  Hy-
 drocephalus externus, (F.) Hydrociphale,  Ilydro-
 ciphaloectasie of some, may exist at birth.  Hy-
I dreucepllalon,  Hydrocephalus  congen'itus   8CU
I adnu'tus commonly commences at aii early period 
HYDROCIIAMAIMELUM      473           HYDRO-EXTERO
of existence, and the accumulation of fluid gradu-
ally produces distension of the brain, and of the
pkull, with separation  of the sutures.  It  com-
monly proves fatal before puberty.
  Hydrocephalus Externus, (Ede'ma cap'itis,
Cephaltetle'ina of some, is a mere  infiltration into
the subcutaneous cellular tissue of the cranium.
  Hydrocephalus  Inter'nus,  Hydrocephalus
aeit tits  seu  meninge'us, Hydrops cer'ebri, Ence-
phalalqia hydrop'ica, Encephali'tis exsudato'ria,
Encephalitis Seu 3leiiingltis Infan'tum seu hy-
drocijiltalica, 3Iorbus  cercbra'lis Whyt'tii, Eli-
te ro-cephal op'yra   Infan'tum,   Hytlrophlogo'sis
 Ycntricnlo'rum cer'ebri,  Encephaloch'ysis, Phre-
nic'ula   hi/tlroccplialica,  Hydrenceph'ahis,  Hy-
drericc/iliali'tis,  IIydrencephal 'turn, Hydroccpha-
li'tt's,  Ili/dromeniiigi'tis,  Febris  seu  Apoplex'ia
lii/droeephal'ica,  Gurus   hydrocephalus,  Water
 Brain Fever,  Whytt's Disease, (F.) Hydrociphale
 aii/uc, Fievre  ciribrale des Enfans, is  generally
 seated, according to  modern observers,  in the
 meninges and surface of the  encephalon, and is a
 tuber'eutar  meningi'tis,  Meningitis  tuberailo'sa,
 Enceplialostrumo'sis, Grail ular  or Scrophu'lotts
 meningi'tis, (F.) .Miuiugite tuberculeuse ou grantt-
 lettse, Padenciphalie. — Piorry.   It  is observed
 particularly in childhood.  Its march is extremely
 acute and often very rapid; admitting, generally,
 however, of division into three stages. The symp-
 toms of the first stage are those of general febrile
 irritation, with head-ache, intolerance of light and
 sound, delirium, &c. Those  of the second, which
 generally denote that the inflammation has ended
 in effusion,  are, great slowness of pulse, crying out
 ns if in distress, moaning, dilated pupil, squint-
 ing, <fcc. ;  and  lastly,  in the third  stage — pro-
 found stupor, paralysis, convulsions, involuntary
 evacuations, quick  pulse, and frequently death.
 The disease is of uncertain duration; sometimes,
  destroying  in two  or  three  days; at others, ex-
  tending to  two or three weeks.  The  prognosis
  is unfavourable.  The treatment must be  active
  during  the stage of excitement,  — precisely that
  which  is necessary in phrenitis.  In the  second
  stage, the indication is;—to  promote the absorp-
  tion of  the effused  fluid.  This  must be  done  by
  counter-irritonts. and  mercury, chiefly.   On dis-
  section, water is generally found  in the ventricles,
  or at the base of the brain ; or there are evidences
  of previous vascular excitement, as  effusions  of
  coagulable lymph, &c.
    Hydrocephalus Spurius, Hydrencephaloid,
  (disease.)
    HYDROCIIAMAIMELUM, Infusum anthemi-
  dis.
    HYDROCHEZIA. Diarrhoea serosa.
    HYDROCHLORATE D'OR, see Gold.
    HYDROCHLORINAS NATRICUS, Soda,
  muriate of.
    HYDROCHOLECYSTIS,  Turgescentia vesi-
  culae fellea?.
    IIYDROCH'YSES. (G.) Hydrochysen. from
  'vbtop, 'water,' and xw(s< 'effusion.'  A family  of
  diseases, according to the classification of Fuchs,
  in which there is a sudden effusion of serous fluid,
  as in serous apoplexy, hydrocephalus, &c.
    HYDROCIRSOCE'LE, Hygrocirsoce'le, Hy-
  gmce'le, from 'vburp, 'water/ Kipaos,  'varix/ and
  k','\»j, 'tumour.'  A  tumour,  formed  by the vari-
  cose distension of the veins of the spermatic cord,
  and by the accumulation of serous fluid in the
  areolar texture of  the scrotum.
    HYDROCtELIA, Ascites.
   HYDROCONIUM,  Bath,  shower.
   HYDROCOTYLE  A*lAT'ICA.Codagani,Pes.
  rqiti'inu. Aiiat'ic  Pen'nyioort.   Order, Umbelli-
 ferae.  A plant of India, Cape of  Good  Hope,
and Jamaica, where it is supposed to be possessed
of astringent and diuretic properties. The leaves
are applied to bruised parts to prevent inflamma-
tion.  The Hydrocotyle has  recently been ex-
tolled, in India, as a remedy for lepra.
  Hvdrocot'yle Centel'la.   A South African
plant, the roots and stalks of which are astrin-
gent; and used in diarrhoea and dysentery.
  Hydrocotyle Umbellatum, Acaricoba.
  HYDROCRANIA. Hydrocephalus.
  HYDROCRANIUM, Hydrocephalus.
  HYDROCRITHE, Decoctum Hordei.
  HYDROCYAN'IC ACID, Ac"idum Ilydrocy-
an'icum ; from 'vburp, 'water/ and  kvuvos, 'blue.
Prussic Acid, Ac"idum Prus'sicum seu Borus'-
sicum seu Zoolicum seu Zootin'icum, Cyonohy'-
dric  or  Cyanhy'dric Acid, (F.) Acide  Hydro-
cyanique  ou Prussiqne.   This acid exists in a
great variety of native combinations in the vege-
table kingdom,  and  imparts to them certain pro-
perties, which have been  long  known  and  es-
teemed; as in the bitter almond,  cherry lattrelj
leaves of the peach  tree, kernels  of fruit, pips of
apples,  &c.  AVhen concentrated,  it is  liquid, co-
lourless, of a strong smell and  taste, at first cool,
afterwards burning.   Its s. g.  at  7° Centigrade, is
0.7058.  It is very volatile, and enters into ebul-
lition at 80° Fahr.  It speedily undergoes de-
composition, sometimes in less than an hour, and
consists  of a peculiar gazeous and highly inflam-
mable compound  of carbon and azote, to which
the  name Cgau'ogen has been assigned; and of
hydrogen, which acts as the acidifying principle:
hence its name  Hydrocyanic acid.   In the Phar-
macopoeia of the  United States, (1851,) two for-
mulae for the preparation of the  Ac"idum hydro-
cyan'icum dihltum — Ac"idum  hydrocyarlicum,
Ph. U.  S. of 1842 — are given; the one  from  the
Ferro-cyanuret of Potassium ; the other from the
 Cyanuret of Silver.   According to Magendie, the
acid, prepared after Scheele's  method — the one
in common use—is of irregular medicinal power:
he,  therefore, recommends  Gay Lussac's acid,
 diluted with 6 times its volume, or 8.5 times its
 weight of distilled water, for medicinal purposes,
 and this  he calls 3Iedic"inal Prussic Acid.  Dr.
 Ure has proposed, that the specific  gravity should
indicate that which is proper for medicinal exhi-
bition ; and, after comparative experiments of the
 gravity  of the  acids, obtained by different pro-
 cesses, he states, that the acid, usually prescribed,
 is of s. g. 0.996 or 0.997.  Great caution is, how-
 ever, necessary.  One  drop of pure prussic acid
 may instantly  destroy, and  the  animal show
 hardly any  traces  of irritability, a few moments
 after death.   It has been advised in laryngeal
 phthisis, in pulmonary phthisis, pulmonary in-
 flammation and irritation, dyspepsia, uterine affec-
 tions, hectic cough, cancer, chronic rheumatism,
 and mania, and as a local remedy in impetiginous
 affections;  but, although  possessed of  powerful
 sedative  properties, it is  so  unmanageable and
 the preparation so uncertain,  that it is not much
 used.  The  Dose of Scheele's Acid, or of the .Me-
 dicinal Prussic Acid, is from a quarter of a drop
 to two drops.
   IIYDROCYS'TIS,  from  'vburp,  'water/ and
 Kvans, 'a bladder.'  A cyst containing a watery
 or serous  fluid.  An  hydatid.   Also,  saccated
 ascites.
   HYDRODERMA, Anasarca.
   HYDRODES. Aqueous.
   HYDRODIARRHCEA, Diarrhoea, serous.
   HY'DRCEDEMA, CEdema.
   HYDRO-ENCEPHALORRHEE, Apoplexy,
 serous.
   HYDRO-ENTERO-EPIPLOCE'LE, Hydro-
 epiplo-enterace'le;  from  'vburp,  'water/  citi,,ot,
 'intestine,'  and  enmXuov  'omentum.'   Eutero- 
HYDRO-ENTERO-EPIPLOMPIIALUM   4 7 4
HYDROPATHIC
epiplocele, the sac of which contains a  serous ll
fluid.
  IIY D R 0 - E N T E RO-EPIPLOM'PHALUM,  |
from 'vburp,  'water/  evrepoir, 'an  intestine/ em-V
nXnov, 'the caul,' and opipaXos, 'the navel.'  Um-  |
bilioal hernia, the sac of which contains intestine,
epiploon,  and serum.
  HYDRO-ENTEROM'PHALUM, Hydrente-
ronl phalnm; from 'obutp, 'water,' cvrcpov, 'an  in-
testine,' and  optpaXos, 'the  umbilicus.'  Hernia
umbilicalis, the  sac of which contains intestine
and serum.
  HYDRO-EPIPLOCE'LE, from  'vlurp, 'water/
tnmXouv, 'omentum/ and m/Xn, 'a tumour.'  Her-
nia, formed by omentum, tbe sac  of which con-
tains serum.
  HYDRO-EPIPLO ENTEROCELE,  Ilydro-
entero-cpiplocele.
  HYDRO-EPIPLOMPH'ALUM,  from   'vburp,
'water,' emnXoov, 'the  omentum/ and oyapiiXos,  |]
'the umbilicus.'  Umbilical hernia, the  sac of^
which contains epiploon and serum.
   HYDROG'ALA, from 'vburp, 'water,' and yaXa,
'milk.'  A mixture of water and milk.
  HYDROGASTER, Ascites.
  II Y' D R 0 G E N,  Hydrogen' 'turn, Infianltriable
air, Ph/ogis'ton,  Princip'iuiii hydrogenet'icum  seu
hydrolicnm,  3/ephi'tis in. flam mob' His, (F.) Hy-
drogene, Air  inflammable, Gaz des bullous, from
'vburp,  ' water/ and  yivvaur,  'T  produce.' This
gas, when breathed, proves fatal from containing
no  oxygen.  When diluted with two-thirds of at-
mospheric air, it occasions some  diminution  of
muscular power and sensibility, and a reduction
of  the  force  of the circulation.  It has been re-
spired in  catarrh, haemoptysis, and phthisis.
   Hydrogen,  Carburet'ted, Tnfiarn' mable air,
Fire damp,  of miners,  (F.)  Hydragene  carboni
ou   proto-carhnni,  Grisirn — obtained  by pass-
ing the vapour  of water  over charcoal,  at  the
temperature of  ignition, in  an  iron tube—has
been found possessed of similar properties, when
diluted, and has been used in like  cases.
   Hydrogen, Protoxide  of. Water.
   Hydrogen, Sulphuretted.  Hydrosulph'urie,
Sulphhy'dric, Siilpliahydric or Hydrotliion'ic acid,
Hydrothi'on, Gaz hepalicum  seu  hydrogen'iiim
Sillpliurilturn,  3Icphi'tis hepat'ica, (F.) Hyilrogene
eulfuri, Acide hydrosiilfiirique. Air puant ou hi-
patique, may be disengaged  from  any of tbe  sul-
phurets by  the addition of a strong acid.  It is a
violent poison, but has been recommended to be
inhaled, diluted, to allay the increased irritability
which  occasionally exists  after diseases  of  the
lungs.   See Hydro-sulphuretted Water.
   HYTDROGENATION, see Hydrogineses.
   HYDROGENE, Hydrogen — h. Carboni  ou
 prntocarboui. Hydrogen, carburetted—A. Siilfuri,
 Hydrogen,  sulphuretted.
   HYDROGENESES. Baumes  gives this'name
 to  diseases which he fancifully considers to  de-
 pend upon disturbed hydrogntution. In it he in-
 cludes intermittent and remittent fevers.
   HYDROGENO- SULPHURETUM  AMMO-
 NIACiE  LIQUIDUM, Ammoniae  sulphuretum.
   HYDROGLOSSA, Ranula.
   HYDROORAPHY, see Hydrology.
   HYDROHE3IIE, Anaemia, Hydroaemia.
   HYDROHYMENI'TIS, Orrhohymenltis, from
 'vburp,  'water/ 'vprjv, 'a membrane,' and itis, de-
 noting inflammation.  Inflammation of a serous
 membrane.
   HYDROIFYSTERA, Hydrometra.
   HYDROL^IUM. Hydrelaeon.
   IIYDROLA PATIIUM, Rumex hydrolapatbum.
   HYDROLATA. Aquae destillata*.
   HYDROLATS, Aquae  destillatae, Water,  dis-
tilled.
  IIYDROLE, Decoction, Fomentation, Lotion,
Mucilage, Potion, Tisane.  See Ilydrolica.
  HYDROL'ICA, (F.) Ilydroliqucs, from  'vburp,
'water.'  Watery solutions of the active princi-
ples of medicinal agents.  Those prepared  by so-
lution or admixture  are  termed, by some  of the
modern French pharmaciens, Hydrolis; those by
distillation, Hijtlrolats.
  It YD/IOLIQUES. Ilydrolica.
  11 YDHOItTE, Decoction, Mucilage, Potion.
  IIYDROI/OOY, llydrolog" ia, from 'vburp,'Yin.
ter/ and Xoyvs, ' a discourse.'  A treatise on  water.
By  the term  3ledical Hydrology is meant that
part of  physics, whose object is the study of wa-
ter, considered as it  respects  medicine; and, con-
sequently,  embracing that  of  mineral waters.
3Iedical Hydrotf'ruphy comprises the study of the
influence exerted by tbe sea  or by navigation on
the health  of man.
  HYDllOLOTIF,  Fomentation, Lotion.
  HYDROMA'NIA, from   -vburp,  'water,' and
pni'iu,  'mania.'   A  name  given by Strambi to
pellagra, in which the patient lias a strong pro-
pensity to  drown himself.
  IIYDRO-MEDIASTI'NUM, Hydrops meditis-
tlni. Effusion of serous fluid into the mediastinum.
  HY'DROMEL, Hydronleli, from 'vburp, ' water/
and piXt, 'honey.'   Atjita mn/sa, 3/eliti'tis, 3lul-
sttrn, 31 die'ratnm, 3Iellie'ratum.  Braggart,  3liiln.
A liquid medicine, prepared  with an ounce and u
half of honey and a pint of tepid water.  It is
used as a  demulcent and laxative, and is  gene-
rally known under  the names Simple  hy'dromel.
 Vinous hy'dromel,  3leatl,  Hydronleli  viiin'sum,
(Enamel, is a drink made by fermenting  honey
and water, and is much used in  some countries.
As a common drink, mead is  often made of  honey
and some  alcoholic  liquor well  beaten together.
See Mahogany.
  HYDRO MELLE.  A preparation formed like
the syrups, using hydroinel  in place of sugar.—
Beral.
  11YDROMENINGITIS,   Aquo-membranilis,
Hydrocephalus internus.
  HYDROMETER, Areometer.
  HYDROME'TRA, Hydrome'tria,  ll,plr„l,,f-
tera, Hydrornetrecta'sia, Hysterltes, Ilystertvtle'-
ma.  Hydrops  u'teri,  from  'vburp,  'water/ ami
prirpa,  'the womb.'   Dropsy of the wtmib.   A dis-
ease characterized by circumscribed protuberance
in the  hypogastrium,—with  obscure fluctuation,
progressively enlarging, without, ischury or preg-
nancy.  If it ever occur, it  must be a rare disease.
  HYDROMETRECTASIA. Hydrometra.
  HYDROM'PHALUM.  Hydrops  it,nil,! ica'I'm,
Exoin'phahts  aquo'siis. Her'nin umbilici aqno'sa,
from 'vburp, 'water/  and optfiaXos, 'the  navel.'  A
tumour, formed by the accumulation of serum in
the sac of  umbilical  hernia:  or simply by disten-
sion of the navel in  cases of ascites.
  HYDROMYRIN'GA, Hydrornyrinx, Hydrops
tym'pani,  from 'vburp, 'water/ and niyiiugn or
myrinx, 'the membrana tympani.'  Dropsy of tbe
drum  of   the ear ;  giving  rise to difficulty of
hearing,—Di/secte'a  hydi-op'r'ea.
  IIYDROMYRINX,' Hydromyringa.
  HYDRONCUS. Anasarca, ffidema.
  HYDRONEPHROSIS,  (F.)  Hydroniplirone,
Hydrorinale distension, from 'vlurp, ' water.' and
vtippos, 'kidney.'  An accumulation in the kidney,
owing to the obstruction of the tubes  of the pa-
pillae.—Raver.
  HYDRONOSUS,  Hydrops.
  IIYDRONUSUS.  Hydrops.
  IIYDROOARION. Hydroarion.
  HYDROOPHORON. Hydroarion.
  HYDROOVARIUM, Hydroarion.
  HYDROPATH'IC.  Hydropntllieus, Hydriut'^
ricus,  from 'vburp, '  water,' and ' nados, ' disease. 
HYDROPATHY             4 75      HYDROPNEUMOSARCA
Relating to hydropathy or the water-cure.—as a ]]
hydropathic physician, Hydriilter, Hydri'd'trus.
  HYDROPATHY, Hydrosudotherapeia.
  UYDROPEDE'SIS. from  'vburp, 'water/ and
nnbuur,  ' I  break  out.'  Ephidro'sis.   Excessive
Bweating.
  IIYDROPEGE, Water, spring.
  HYDROPELTIS  PURPUREA, Brasenia hy-
dropeltis.
  HYDROPERTCARDIA. Hvdroperioardium.
  HYDR0PER1CARDITIS,  Hvdropericardium.
  HYDROPERICAR'DIUM, Hydropericar'dia,
Hiplropcricardi'tis, from 'vburp, ' water,' and peri-
cardium ;  Hydrops   Pericar'dii, I/ijdrocnr'dia.
Di-opsi/ of the /icricar'ilium, (F.) Hydropisie du
 Perieanlc.  This is not a common disease.   Pal-
pitations;  irregular or intermitting pulse;  exces-
sive dyspnoea, amounting  often to  orthopnoea,
and dulness over a large space on percussion, will
cause the pericardium to be suspected. The treat-
ment is  that of dropsies in general.   It is, usu-
ally, however, of the active kind.
   HYDROPERIONE, from  'vburp, 'water/ nepi,
 'around,' and urov, ' an egg.  or ovum.'  The sero-
 albuminous substance,  secreted by the lining of
 the uterus prior to the arrival of the impregnated
 ovum  in that cavity.—Breschet.
   HYDROPERITOXEUM, Ascites.
   // YDROPElllTONIE, Ascites.
   HYDROPIIAL'LUS, from  'vlurp, 'water/ and
 ifrnXXos, ' the male organ.'   CSdema of the male
 organ.
   HYDROPHIMOSIS, Phimosis cedematodes.
   IIYDROPIILEOMASIA  TEXTUS CELLU-
 LARIS. Phlerrmasia alha.
   HYDROPHLOtiOSTS  VENTRICULORUM
 CEREBRI, Hydrocephalus  internus.
   HYDROPHOB'IA, Paraphob'ia, Parophoh'ia,
 Phnbodip'son,  Pheu'gyilrori, Phcngophob'ia,  Cy-
 nirlys'sa, Uynolys'sum. 3/orbus hydrophob icus seu
 hrplroph'olius, Lycan'che, Lyi-ait'chix, Aerophoh'ia,
 Phrenitis latrans, Lytta,  Lyssa, L. cani'na, Pnn-
 tophob'ia,  Rabies cani'na, Erethis'mus hydropho-
 bia,  Clouos  hydrophobia,  Hygrophobin,   Aqua
 metns, Canine madness,  Water fright, (F.)  Rage ;
 from 'vluip, ' water/ and tl-oiios, ' dread.'
   The term Rabies is  more  appropriate for the
 aggregate  of  symptoms resulting  from the bite
 of  rabid animals.  Hydrophobia literally signifies
 a ' dread of water;' and, consequently, ought to
 be applied to one of the symptoms of rabies, rather
 than to the disease itself.  It is a symptom which
 appears occasionally in other nervous  affections.
 Rabies is susceptible of spontaneous development
 in  the dog, wolf, cat, anil fox, which .can  thence
 transmit it to other quadrupeds or to man: but
 it has not been  proved that it  can supervene,—
 without'their having been previously bitten,—in
 animals of other species.-  or that the latter can,
 when  bitten, communicate it to others.   Many
 facts induce the belief,  that the  saliva and bron-
 chial  mucus are the sole vehicles of  the rabid
 virus;  the effects of which  upon the economy
 sometimes appear almost immediately after the
 bite, and are. at others, apparently dormant for a
 considerable period.  The  chief symptoms are—
a sense of dryness and constriction  of the throat;
excessive thirst;  difficult  deglutition;  aversion
for. and horror at, the sight of liquids as well as
of brilliant objects: red, animated countenance;
great nervous irritability; frothy saliva ; grinding
of the teeth. Ac.   Death most commonly happens
before the fifth day.  Hydrophobia has hitherto
resisted  all therapeutical means.  Those  which
allay irritation  are obviously most called for.  In
tbe  way of prevention, the bitten  part  should
alw.iysbe  excised, where practicable; aud cau-
terized.
   In some cases, symptoms like those which fol-
 low the bite of a rabid animal are said  to  have
 come on spontaneously.  This affection has  been
 termed nervous or spontaneous hydrophobia.
   HYDROPHOBES. Lvssodectus.
   HYDROPHTIIAL'MIA, from  'vbu,p,  'water/
 and  otjtSnXpos.  'the  e3'e.'   HydrophthaUnuts,
 Dropsy of the eye. Hydrops Oc'uli, Biipthalmus,
 Zoophilia!'nuts, Oc'ulits  Bovi'nits  seu  Bu'buhis
 seu  Elephan'tinus,  Ojrhthal mopto'sis, Parop'sis
 Staphy/o'ma  simplex, (F.J Hipl rophthal rnie,  Hy-
 dropisie  de  ltd/.   This  affection is caused, at
 times,  by an  increase in the quantity of the aque-
 ous, at others,  of the vitreous, humour.   In the
 former case,  the  iris is  concave anteriorly, and
 pushed backwards: — in  the  latter, it is convex,
 and  pushed  forwards.  Most  commonly, tbe dis-
 ease seems to depend on both humours a> the
 same time.   Hydrophthalmia sometimes affects
 both  eyes;  at others, only one.  Children are
 more exposed  to it  than adults or old  persons.
 The treatment must vary according to tbe cause ;
 its  longer or shorter duration; greater or less
 extent, &c.   Hence, according  to circumstances,
 hydragogue  medicines, purgatives, general  and
 local  blood-letting,  blisters, setons,  moxa, cup-
 ping-glasses, fomentations, colly ria, and fumiga-
 tions  of different kinds,  have been employed.
 When  all means fail, and the  disease continues
 to make progress, the fluid may be .evacuated, by
 a puncture made with a  cataract needle at the
 lower  part of the transparent cornea.
   Hydrophthalmia, Conical, Staphyloma  of
 the cornea.
   HYDROPHTHAL'MION.  Same etymon. An
 cedematous swelling of the conjunctiva in hydro-
 pic persons.
   IIYDROPIITHALMUS, Hydrophthalmia—h.
 Cruentus, II anophthalmia.
   HYDROPIIYLLUM VERUM, Hydrastis Ca-
 nadensis.
   HYDROPHY'SOCE'LE, Hydropneumrttoce'le,
 from  'vburp,  'water/ tpvaa, 'wind,' and  Kr;Xn, •  a
 tumour.'  Hernia, which contains a  serous fluid
 and gas.
   HYDROPHYTSOME'TRA.  from 'vburp, 'water.'
 Qvo-aur, ' I inflate,' and  unrpa,  ' the  womb.'   A
 morbid  condition of the  womb,  in  which bcth
 fluid and air are contained in it.
    HYDROPTC,  Hydrop'iais,  Hy'/.hydros, Hy-
 dcr'icus, Hydero'des. Dropsical,  (Sc.) Edroppit,
 (F.) Hytlropique.  One labouring under  dropsy.
 Drop'sied.   Relating  to  dropsy.  Also, an anti-
 hydropic, and a hydragogue.
   "lIYDROPIPER, Polvironum hydropiper.
   HYDROPISIA. Hydrops.
    HYDROPISIE,  Hydrops —A. du Bas-ventre,
 Ascites—A. Cnrdiaque, Dropsy, cardiac—A.  Ciri-
 brale snraigue. Apoplexy, serous — A. Hipatique,
 Dropsy, hepatic—A. de I'CEil. Hydrophthalmia —
 A. de I'Ornire,  Hydroarion—A. dn Piricnrde, Hv-
 dropericardium—A. du Piritoine,  Ascites—h. des
 Plevres, Hydrothorax — A. de  Poitrine,  Hydro-
 thorax—A. Binale, Dropsy, renal—h. de la Visi-
 cnle du Fiel. Turgescentia vesicae fellea?.
   HYDROPTSTS, Hydrops—h. Vera, Anasarca.
   HYDROPISMUS.' Hvdrops.
   HYDROPLEURTE.  Hvdrothornx.
   UYDROPNEUMATOCELE. Hydrophysocele.
   HYDROPNEUMON.  Hvdrnpneumonia.
I '  II Y D R 0 P N E U M 0 '  N I A, Hi/dropneu'mon,
 nZt/e'tna pulmo'num chran'icum, Hydrops pulmo'-
 num sell pulmo'num cellulo'sus, Anasar'ca pnhno'-
 num, from 'vburp, ' water,'nnd  nvevpurv. 'the Imit'.'
 Dropsical inriltration of the lungs.   See GDdema
 of the lungs.
   IIYDROPNEUMOSAR'CA,  from  'vburp,  'wa-
 ter/ nvivpa, 'wind, air/ and capl,  'flesh.'  An ab- 
HYDROPNEUMOTHORAX     476         HYDROS ARCOCELE
Bcess, containing water, air, and matters similar
to flesh.—M. A. Severinus.
  HYDROPNEUMOTHO'RAX, Hydroaeropleu-
rie, from 'vburp, 'water/  nvevpurv, 'the lung,' and
Ourpa^, 'the chest.'  Pneumothorax with  effusion
of blood into the chest.  See Pneumothorax.
  HYDROPOI'DES,  from  'vburp, 'water/ and
noteur, 'I make.'  An epithet  for watery excre-
tions, Such  as sometimes take place in hydropics.
  HY'DROP'OTA, Hydrop'otes, Pota'tor Aqua,
from  'vburp, 'water/ and norns, 'a  drinker.'   A
water drinker.  One  who  drinks  only water,  or
drinks it in an extraordinary quantity.
   HYDROPS, from 'vlurp, 'water/ Phlegma'tia,
Hy'deros, Affec'tus hydero'des, Hydrop'isis, Hy-
dropis'ia,  Hydropis'mus,  Hydrop'sia,  Hydror-
rhoe'a, Hydror'rhoe, Hydror'rhous,  Polyhy'elria,
Hydron'osus, Hydronu'sus,  Dropsy,  Hydropsy,
(Old  Eng.) Dropyk, (F.) Hydropisie.   A preter-
natural collection of a serous fluid in  any cavity
of the body, or in the  areolar texture.  When the
areolar texture of the whole body is more or less
filled with  fluid, the disease is called Anasar'ca
or Leucophlegma'tia ; — and when this variety is
local or  partial, it is called (Ede'ma.  The chief
dropsies, designated from  their seat, are •—Ana-
sarca, Hydrocephalus, Hydrorachitis, Hydrotho-
rax,  Hydropericardium,  Ascites,  Hydrometra,
Hydrocele, &c.
   Encyst'ed Dropsy, Hydrops  sacca'tus, incarce-
ra'tus seu cys'ticus, is that variety in which  the
fluid is  enclosed  in a sac or cyst; so that it  has
no communication with the surrounding  parts.
Dropsy  of  the Ovarium,  Hydrops seu Ascites
 Ova'rii, Ascites sacca'tus, is an instance of this
variety.
   Dropsy may be active or passive.  The former
consists in an increased action  of the exhalants,
so that  those vessels  pour out much more fluid
than is  absorbed : the latter arises from a state
of atony of the absorbent vessels, which allows
of an accumulation of fluid.  It may  also be me-
chanical, or produced by obstructions to the  cir-
culation, as in  cases  of diseased  liver.  Active
dropsy,  occurring accidentally in a sound indi-
vidual, generally ends favourably.   That which
supervenes on  other  diseases, or is symptomatic
of some internal affection, is rarely curable.
   The  treatment consists  in the  use of all those
remedies which act on the various secretions : so
that, the demand being increased, the supply will
have to be  increased accordingly;  and  in this
manner some of the collected  fluid may be taken
up by the  absorbents.   To this end bleeding, if
the dropsy be very active ; purgatives,  diuretics,
 sudorifics,  sialogogues,  &c,  are  the  remedies
 chiefly depended upon.
   Hydrops Abdominis, Ascites — h.  Abdominis
 aereus, Tympanites — h. Abdominis saccatus,  see
Ascites— h. Anasarca,  Anasarca—h.  Anasarca
 acutus,  see  Anasarca — h. Arachnoideaa, Hydro-
 cephalus  ehronicus — h.  Articulorum, Hydrar-
 thrus— h. Ascites, Ascites — h. Capitis, Hydro-
 cephalus.  Hydrocephalus  ehronicus — h.  Car-
 diacus,  Dropsy,  cardiac —h.  Cavitatis  colum-
 nae vertebralis, Hydrorachis— h. Cellularis  ar-
 tuum, Oedema—b. Cellularis totius corporis, Ana-
 sarca— h.  Cellulosus,  Anasarca — h.  Cerebri,
 Hydrocephalus, Hydrocephalus internus—h.  Cu-
 taneus,  Anasarca — h. Cvsticus, see Ascites, and
 Hydrops—h. Glottidis, ffideina of the Glottis—h.
 Hepatieus, Dropsy, hepatic—h. Incarceratus,  see
 Hydrops—h. Intercus, Anasarca—h. Leucophleg-
 matia,  Leueophlegmatia — h.  ad  Matulam, Dia-
 betes— h.  Mediastini,  Hydromediastinum— h.
 Medullas spinalis, Hydrorachis—h. Matellae, Dia-
 betes—h.  Oculi, Hydrophthalmia—h. Ovarii, Hy-
 droarion, see Hydrops—h. Palpebra?,  Hydroble-
 pharon—h. Pectoris, Hydrothorax—h. Pericardii,
|! Ilydropericardium—h. Pleura1, Hydrothorax—n,
 | Pulmonis, Hydrothorax—b. Puluionuin, llydro-
 i pneumonia, (Edema of the Lungs—h. Pulinoiuini
  cellulosus, Hydropiicunionia—b. Renalis, Dropsy,
  renal—h. Saccatus, see Hydrops—h.  Sacci hurl -
  inalis, Fistula lacrymalis—h. Scroti, Hydrocele—
  h. Siccus et flatulentus, Tympanites — h. Spline,
  Hydrorachis—h. Spina'  vertebralis, Hydrorachis
  —h. Subcutaneous, Anasarca—h. Tclae ccllulosic,
  Anasarca—b. Testiculorum, Hydrocele—h. Tho-
  racis,  Hydrothorax — h.  Tubarum Fallopii, Hy-
  drosalpinx— h.  Tyinpani,   Ilydroiiiyriiigu— h.
  Tympanites,  Tympanites — h. Umbilicalis, Hy.
  dromphaluin—h.  Uteri, llydromelra—h. Vesica)
  felleic, Turgescentia vesicuhe felleae.
   HYDROPSIA, Hydrops.
   HYDROPSY. Hydrops.
   HYDROPYR'ETOS, from 'vburp, 'water/ and
  nvperos,  'fever;' Febris sndato'riu.  Fever with
  sweating.  Hidropyretos  would be more proper;
  from 'ibpurs, 'sweat.'   See Sudor Anglieus.
   HYDRORA'CHIS, from 'vlurp, -water/  and
  pa\ts, 'the  spine.'   Hydrorrha'chis,  llydroru-
  clti'tis, Hydrorrha'chia,  31 yelocllysis,  Hydrops
  Cavita''tis Columna  Vertebra'lis seu Spina verte-
  bra'lie seu medulla spinu'lis seu spina, Hydro-
  ce'le spina'lis, Hydrorachitis spina'sa.  An effu-
  sion of serum, often owing to inflammation of the
  spinal membranes — myelitis e.isudutliu — and
  forming a soft, frequently  transparent, tumour,
  constituted of the membranes of tbe spinal mar-
  row,  which are distended  and projecting back-
  wards from  the  vertebral  canal, the  posterior
  paries of which, when the affection is congenital,
  is wanting to a certain  extent—Spina bifida,
  Atelorachid'ia,  Hydrora'chis dehis'cens seu e.nu-
  gerlita,  Schistorrha'chis, Spi'ntrla.   The disease
  is often accompanied  with  paralysis pf the lower
  extremities.   It is congenital, and situate in tho
  lumbar  or sacral regions.   It is almost always
  fatal: — the tumour rupturing, and  death occur-
  ring  instantaneously. On  dissection, a simple
  separation  or complete  absence of  the spinous
  processes  of the  vertebrae  is perceived, with, at
  times, destruction or absence of spinal marrow.
  The  treatment  is the same as in hydrocephalus
  ehronicus; and, as  in it, advantage  seems  occa-
  sionally to have been  derived by puncturing with
  a fine needle.
    Hydrorachis Dehiscens, see Hydrorachis.
    HYDRORACHITIS, Hydrorachis.
    HYDRORCHIS, Hydrocele.
    HYDRORENALE DISTENSION,  Hydro-
  nephrosis.
    HYDRORRHACHIA, Hydrorachis.
    HYDRORRHACHIS,  Hydrorachis — h. Con-
  genita, see Hydrorachis — h. Dehiscens, see Hy-
  drorachis.
    HYDRORRHAG1E,  Apoplexy, serous.
    HYDRORRHOE, Hydrops.
    HYDRORRHEA, Hydrops.   Also, a copious
  watery discharge,—as from the vagina.
    HYDRORRHOUS, Hydrops.
    HYDRORTHOPNGl'A,  from 'vlurp,  'wafer/
  and opOomota,  'difficulty of breathing, except in
  the erect  posture.'   Orthopnoea, owing to a col-
  lection of water in tbe chest.
    HYDROSAC'CHARUM,  Aqua   sacchara'tu,
  (F.)  Eau sucrie.  Sugared  water.
    HYDROSAL'PINX, Hydrops tttba'rnm Fallo'-
  pii; from 'vlurp,  'water/ and oaXmy%, 'a  tube.'
  Dropsy  of the Fallopian  tube.
    HYDROSAR'CA, from 'vlurp, 'water/ and <mpf,
  'flesh.'   A tumour  containing a fluid, as well as
  portions of flesh.  Also,  Anasarca.
    HYDROSARCOCE'LE,   from 'vlurp,  'water/
  trap!;, 'flesh/ and  ktiXv, 'a tumour.'   So reohytlro-
  ce'le.  A tumour, formed by a sarcocele, eoinpli-
 1 cated with dropsy of the tunica  vaginalis. 
HYDROSCIIEOCELE         477         IIYG RO ME TRICITE?
  nYDROSCIIEOCE'LE,  Oscheoce'le  aqno'sa, ||
from 'vburp, 'water/  oa%iov, 'the scrotum/  and'
nnXn,  'rupture.'  A collection of  water in the
scrotum.   Hydrocele.
  IlYDROSCllEONIE, Hydrocele.
  HYDROSCUEUM, Hydrocele.
  HYDROSIS, Hidrosis.
  HYDROSTATIC TEST OF INFANTICIDE,
Bee Doeimasia—h. Bed, Water bed.
  HYDROSUDOPATIIY, Hydrosudotherapeia.
  HYDROSUDOTHERAPEI'A,  Hydrop'athy,
Hydropathi'a, llydrosudnp'uthy, Ilydri'asis, Acs
ht/tlriat'rica,   IIydriatri'ti,   Hydatothcrapel a,
Hijilrirtherapela, Water cure, (G.) Wasserkur,
from 'vburp, 'water,' sudo, 'I sweat,' and Oepanevur,
'I remedy.'  A badly compounded  word, formed
to express the mode of treating diseases  syste-
matically by cold water, sweating, &c.
   HYDROSULPHURET'TED  WATER,  Aqua
 lnplrosulphura'ta simplex, A. hepat'ica, (F.) Fan
 hytlrtisnlpliurie simple.   (Sulphuret of iron 1000
 parts, sulphuric acid 2000 parts, distilled water
 4Mid parts;  add the water  to the acid, and put
 the sulphuret of iron  into  a retort,  to  which a
 Wolff's apparatus of five or six vessels is adapted ;
 the last containing about an ounce of potassa,
 dissolved in  a quart of water.  Pour the diluted
 acid gradually on  the sulphuret, and, ultimately,
 throw away  the water  in the last vessel. Ph. P.)
 It is stimulant, diaphoretic, and deobstruent [?],
 and is used in rheumatism, diseases of the skin,
 <tc.
   It has been, also, called Ac"idum Ilydrothiorl-
 icum Uq'uidum.
   HYDROSULPIIURETUM AMMONIACALE
 AQUOSUM, Ammoniac sulphuretum—h. Ammo-
 niacum, Ammonias sulphuretum.
   HYDROTTIERAPEIA, Hydrosudotherapeia.
   HYDROTHION. Hydrogen, sulphuretted.
   HYDROTIIO'RAX.  from 'vlurp,  'water/  and
 Burpa!;, 'the chest.'  Hydrops  Thora'cis sell pec'-
 toris  sen  pulmo'nis seu  pleura,  Stethoch'ysis,
 Pleurorrlue'a lympltat'ica  seu sero'sa,  Dyspiirc'a
 et  Orthnpnie'ti hydrothorac"iea,  (F.) llydropisie
 de  Poitrine  oil  des  Plevres,  Dropsy of the Chest.
 Idiopathic hydrothorax, termed, by Laennec, lly-
  dropisie des pierres, Dropsy ofi the Pleura,— by
  Piorry,  llydroplairic, — is a rare  disease,  and
  difficult of  diagnosis.  It generally exists only
  on  one  side, which, if the  fluid effused be con-
 siderable, projects more than the other.  Dysp-
 noea, and fluctuation perceptible  to  the ear,  are
  characteristic  symptoms.   When the  chest is
  examined with  the  stethoscope,  respiration  is
 found to be wanting every where, except  at  the
  root of the lung.  The sound is also dull on per-
  cussion.
    Effusion  into the chest, as a result of inflam-
  mation of some thoracic viseus, is as common as
  the other is  rare.   It is usually a fatal  symptom.
  It has been  called symptomatic hydrothorax.
    In hydrothorax, the course of treatment proper
  in  dropsies in general must be  adopted.   Diure-
  tics seem, here, to be especially useful;  probably
  on  account of the great activity of pulmonary ab-
  sorption.  Paracentesis can rarely be serviceable.
    Hydrothorax Ciiylosus,  Chylothorax — h.
  Purulentus,  Empyema.
   IIYDROTTCA.' Hydragogues.
   IIYDRO'TIS, from  'vlurp, ' water/ and ovs, gen.
 wros,  'the ear.'   Dropsy of  the ear.  Properly,
 an  accumulation  of  mucous  or muco-purulent
 matter in the middle ear.
   HYDRURESIS. Diabetes.
   HYDRURIA. Diabetes, see Urine.
   HYERES.  This small town, agreeably situ-
 ate  on the declivity of a hill, about two miles from
 the Mediterranean, and twelve from Toulon, is
the least exceptionable residence in Provence for
the pulmonary invalid.   It is in some  measure
protected from the northerly winds ; but not suffi-
ciently  so from the mistral to  render it a very
desirable residence for the phthisical.—Sir James
Clark.
   llY'OEA, Hygiene, Sanitas.
   IIYGEIA, Sanitas.
   ITYGEISMUS, Hygiene.
   IIYGEOLOGY, Hygiene.
   HYGIANSIS, Sanitas.
   IIYGIASIS, Sanitas.
   HYOIASMA,  Medicament.
   HYGIAS'TTCA  DOCTRI'NA.  The  doctrine
 of health.   The doctrine of  the restoration of
 health.
   IIYGIASTICUS, Salutary.
   HYGIEA, Sanitas.
   HYGIEIA, Hygiene,  Sanitas.
   HYGIEINUS, Salutary.
   IIYCIEIOLOGIA, Hygiene.
   HYGIENE (F.),. (generally Anglicised, Hy-
 giene,  and  pronounced hygeene), from 'vyttta,
 'health.'  Hygeis'mus,  Hygiclne, Hygie'sis, Hy-
 giei'a ; IJygie'u, Hygd'a, Hygiene, Hygialics, 31e-
 dicina  conservutlra seu  diasos'tica, Hygeolog"ia,
 Hygieitdog"ia, Hygcology,Hip/iology ; from 'vytns,
 ' healthy.'   The  part of medicine whose object is
 the preservation of health.  It embraces a know-
 ledge of healthy man, both in  society and indi-
 vidually, as well as of the objects used  and cm-
 ployed by him, with their influence on his consti-
 tution and organs.  Soe Regimen.
   IIYrGIEN'lC.  (F.) Hygiiniqne. Same etymon.
 Relating to Hygiene — as 'hygienic precautions,
 hygienic rules,' &c. Ac.
   HYGIENICS, Hygiene.
   HYGIENIQUE, Hygienic.
   IIYGIKN'IST.   One who  understands  the
 principles of hygiene.
   HYGIERUS,  Salutary.
   HYGIESIS.  Hygiene.
   HYGIOLOGY', Hygiene.
   HY'GRA, from  'vburp, 'water/ or 'vypos, 'hu-
 mid.'  Liquid plasters ;—Hygreinqrlas'tra.
{:   HYORASIA, Humour.
   HY'GRECHE'MA,  from 'vypos, 'humid/ and
 c%npa,  'sound;'  Sorlitus fiu'idi. The  sound of
 fluid, heard by auscultation, or otherwise.
   HYGREDON, Humour.
   1IYGREM PL ASTRA. Hvgra.
   IIYGROBLEPHAR'ICf, from 'vypos. 'humid,'
 and ffXe-papov, 'eyelid;'  Hyyrophthnlmici.  The
 excretory ducts of the lachrymal gland have been
 so called.
   HYGROBRONCHIORRHONCHUS, Rillemu-
 queux.
   HYGROCATARAC'TA; from 'vypos, 'humid/
land Karapaxriis,  'cataract;'  Catarac'ta  liq'uida.
 Liquid or fluid cataract.
   HYDROCELE, Hvdrocirsocele.
   HYGROCOLLYRIA. see Collyrium.
   HYGROCYST1S. Hydatid.
   HYCROL'OGYT, IIyg,-„l„g"ia, from 'vypos, 'hu-
 mid/ and  Xoyos, 'a discourse.'  The anatomy of
 the fluids of the body.
   IIYtiRO'MA,  from   'vypos,   'humid.'  Tumor
 cys'ticus sero'sus, Cys'tis sero'sa.  Dropsj'  of the
 bursae  mucosae.
   HYOROMET'RIC,  Hygromet'ricus,  (F.)  Hy-
 gromitrique.  Same etymon  as the next.  Rela-
 ting or appertaining to  hygrometry.
   Hvgrometrtc Property of an organized tissue,
 (F.) Hygrornitriciti, is that by which it gives off
 to the air, and  receives from  it moisture  under
 varying conditions of that medium.
|   HYGROMETRICITE,  Hygrometric  prop-
II erty. 
HYGROMETRY             -17 8               IIYOlDES OS
Ma-
and
  HYGROM'ETRY,  Hygromelda, Hygroscop'-
ia; from  'vypos,  'humid/ and  pnrpov, -measure.'
The part of physics which concerns the measure-
ment  of the dryness or humidity  of the atmo-
sphere.  It is probable, that diseases are as fre-
quently caused by the varying moisture  of the
atmosphere or by changes  in  its weight or tem-
perature.   The hygrometer  ought,  consequently,
to form part of every apparatus for medical me-
teorological observations.
   HYGRON, Liquor.
   HYDROPHOBIA. Hydrophobia.
   HYGROPHTHAL'MIA,  from 'vypos, 'humid/
and otj,6,iXpia, 'inflammation of the  eye.'  Oph-
thalmia with much lachrymation.
   HYGROPHTHALMICI, Hygroblepbarici.
   HYrGROPISSOS, see Pinus  sylvestris.
   HYGROSCOPIA,  Hygrometry.
   HYGROTES, Humour, Liquor.
   HYGRUM, Humour.
   HY'LE, 'vXv, 31ate'ria, 'Matter. Wood.'
 teria Medica; also, the Philosopher's stone.
   Hyle Iatrice, Materia Medica.
   HYLISIS, Colatio.
   HYLISMUS,  Colatio.
   HYLISTER, Colatorium.
   HYLOPH'AGOUS,  from  'vXr,,  'wood/
 tpayur,  'I  eat.'  One that  feeds upon the young
 shoots of trees, roots, &c.  Hylophagous tribes
 yet exist in some parts of Africa.
   HYMEN,  'vpnv, which   signifies  'marriage/
 'nuptial  song/  'membrane or pellicle.'  Claus-
 trum seu Flos seu Sigillum seu Custo'dia  seu Co-
 litm'na seu Zona virginita'tis, Flos virgina'lis,
  Virgin'ia, Cir'culus  membrano'sus, Bucton, Inter-
 sep'tuni virgina'le, Cento virgina'lis, Argumen'turn
 Integrita'tis, Mtiuimerltum  seu Zona  Castiteltis,
 Pannic'iilus  hymena'ns seu  virgina'lis, Eugion,
  Veil'vula  seu M embroil ula luna'ta vagina,  Vir'-
 ginal  membrane.  The semilunar, parabolic, or
 circular  fold, situate at the outer orifice of the
  vagina in virgins, especially  during youth,  and
  prior to  menstruation.  This  membrane  is  ordi-
  narily ruptured by the first venereal  act, and  is
  effaced by  accouchement; some  irregular flaps
  remaining, to which the name Car-un'cnla 31 yr-
  tifor'mes  has been given by  reason  of their re-
  semblance to the leaves  of the myrtle.  Many
  circumstances of an innocent character may oc-
  casion a rupture or destruction of this  membrane.
  It is often, indeed, found absent in children soon
  after birth ; whilst it may remain entire after co-
  pulation.  Hence the presence of the hymen does
  not absolutely prove virginity; nor does its ab-
  sence prove incontinence ; although its presence
  would he prima, facie evidence of continence.
    Hymen, Membrane—h.  Diaphratton, Mediasti-
  num.
    HYTMENJ5A,  see  Copal — h.  Courbaril,  see
  Anime.
    HYMEN'ICA  AMENORRHEA.   Amenor-
  rhcea occasioned by closure of the hymen.
    HYMENTCUS, Hymeno'dcs, from 'vpnv,  'hy-
  men/ &e.  Relating to the hymen.   Also, mem-
  branous.
    HYMENI'TIS, from 'vpt,v, 'a membrane/ and
  itis,   denoting  inflammation.  Membranous in-
  flammation.  Inflammation of an internal  mem-
  brane.
    HYME'NIUM, 3Tembran'ula,  diminutive  of
  'vpnv, 'a membrane.'  A fine, delicate membrane.
    HYMENODES. Hymenicus.
    HYMENOGANGLIITIS,  Cholera.
    HYMENOG"ENYT, Hymenogerlia, (F.) Hymi-
  noginie,  from 'vpnv, 'a membrane/ and yevvaur, 'I
  engender.'  The production of membranes by the
  effect of simple contact  of two liquids, as albu-
  men  and fat,  when the former gives  a coating to
  the globules of the latter.—Aschcrson.
  HY'MENOC.'RAPIFY, Hymenogra'phia, from
'vpnv, ' a  membrane/  and ypuipur,  ' 1 describe.'
That part of anatomy whose object is the descrip-
tion of the different membranes.
  IIYMENOL'OGY, Hymenoloy"ia,  from  'vpr.v,
' a membrane/  and  Xoyos,  ' a  description.'  A
treatise on the membranes.
  HYMENOPHTHALMIA,  Ophthalmia  ineui-
branarmn.
  IIY M E N 0 R' RHAPHY, Hymenorrha'phia ;
from 'vpnv, 'the hymen/ and patpri, 'a suture.'  A
form  of elytrorrhaphy, in which  the operation is
performed in the natural situation of  the hymen.
  HY'MENOT'OMY, Hymeuotom'ia,  from  %pt]v,
'a membrane/  and repvur, 'I cut/' I dissect.'
The part  of anatomy which treats of the  dissec-
tion  of the membranes.  The term has also been
applied to tbe incision of the hymen, practised in
certain  cases of imperforation  of the vagina, in
order to give exit  to the blood retained and ac-
cumulated in the cavity of the uterus.
  HYMNIUM, Amnios.
  HYT0 :  in composition, an  abridgment of Hy-
oides os.
  IIYOBASIOGLOSSUS, Basioglossus.
  HYOCHONDROGLOSSUS, Hyoglossus.
  HYODEOGLOSSUS, Hyoglossus.
 . HYODEOTHYREODES, Thyreohyoideus.
  HYODES, Hyoides.
  HYODEPIGLOTTICUS, Hyo-epiglotticus.
  IIY O-EPIGLOT'T ICUS,  Hyodepiglot'ticus.
Belonging to the os hyoides and  epiglottis. Some
anatomists have given the name  Hyn-tqiiglottie
ligament  to a bundle of condensed areolar tissue,
which passes from the posterior part  of the body
of the hyoid  bone to the base of the  epiglottic
fibro-cartilage.
   HYO-GLOSSO-BASI-PHAR YNGIEN,
 Constrictor pharyngis.
   HYOGLOS'SUS, llyo'deo-glossus,Hyo-chondro-
glossns, Hypsiloglossus, Cer'ato-glossus of Douglass
 and  Cowper:  Basio-Cerato-Chandro-glossus.  A
 large, thin, quadrilateral  muscle, situate at tbe
 anterior  and superior part of the  neck.  Its in-
 sertions at three different points  of the os hyoides
 permit it, to be  divided into  three portions:—tbe
 first, (Cerato-glossus  of Albinus)  is attached to
 the  great cornu  of the os  hyoides: the second,
 (Basio-glossus of  Albinus,) arises from  the supe-
 rior part of the body  of the same bone; and the
 third, (Chondro-glossns of Albinus,) arises from
 the lesser cornu and the cartilage, situate between
 the body and  tbe greater cornu.  Tbe fibres of
 these three bundles are inserted into the lateral
 and inferior parts  of  the tongue.  This muscle
 depresses the base of the  tongue, or raises the oa
 hyoides, when  the tongue is fixed.
   HYO-TIIYREOIDEUS, Thyreo-hyoideus.
   HYO-THYROID, Thvreo-hyoid.
   HYOID BONE, Hyoides, os.
    HYOI'DES  OS, Os Bicor'ne  seu hypseldi'dei
 seu  Lambdoi'dcs seu  Gullnris seu Guttura'le seu
 Lingua   seu  Lingua'le,  UpsiloVd.es, Ypsilo'ides.
 The Hyoid Bone; from  the Greek  v, and  ttbos,
 'shape.'  Hyoi'deus, Hyo'des.   The hyoid  bone
 is a very movable, osseous  arch ; of a parabolic
 shape; convex before, and suspended horizontally
 in  the  substance of  tbe  soft  parts  of tbe neck,
  hetween the base of the tongue and the  larynx.
  This bone, separated entirely from the rest of tbe
  skeleton, is  composed of five  distinct portiwis,
  susceptible of motion on each other.  The first, and
  most central, is the body  ofi the hyoid, Ossii'nhtni
  me'diitm Hyoi'dis, which affords attachment to
  several  muscles; the two others are lateral, and
  hear the  name  of  branches or  greater cornua.
  The last two are smaller, situate ahove the other,
  and are known under the name lesser curium and
  styloid  cornua,  the  Ossa pisifor'mia  lingna'lia 
II YOIDEUS
479
HYPERCENOSIS
of Somraering,  Ossa seu  Grana  seu  Ossic'ula
Bell Cor'pora seu Corpus'cula  tritic."ea.  The OS
hyoides is ossified from five points.
  Hyoides Primus, Sterneo-hyoideus.
  1IYOIDEUS,  Hyoides.
  RYO'IDIS  QUARTUS  MUSCULUS,  Omo-
hyo'ideus.
  IIYOSCY'AMUS, from  'vs, 'a swine/  and
Kvapos, 'a bean.'  Faba  snilla, Bengi, Jusqui'a-
vins,  Hyoscyamus  niger seu ogres'tis,  Apolliua'-
ris, Alter'c it in, Ag'one, Altercan'genon, Henbane,
Poison Tobac'co, Stinking nightshade, (F.) Jus-
qiliaiimc, Fere a  Cochon, Haunebune, Potclie, Por-
celet.  (Jul. Solanaceae.   The leaves, Hyoscy'ami
 Fo'lia (Ph. U. S.), and seeds, Hyoscy'ami  Semen
 (Ph.  U. S.),  are  the parts  used  in  medicine.
 Their odour is  narcotic and  peculiar; taste  in-
 sipid and mucilaginous.   The virtues are yielded
 to  proof  spirit.   Hyoscyamus is  narcotic, ano-
 dyne, antispasmodic, and slightly stimulant.   It
 is used asva substitute for opium, where the latter
 disagrees; and  is  applied, externally, as a cata-
 plasm in cancer and glandular swellings.  Dose,
 gr. iij to x of the  powder.  An alkaloid was  ob-
 tained  from it  by Brandes,  Hyoscyamine, Jus-
 quiinnine.
   Hyoscyamus  Agrestis. Hyoscyamus.
   Hyoscyamus  Albus, White Henbane, possesses
 similar virtues.
   Hyoscyamus  Lutbus, Nicotiana  rustica—h.
 Niger, Hyoscyamus — h. Peruvianus, Nicotiana
 tabacum.
   Hyoscyamus  Scopo'lia,Scapoli'na atropoVties.
 The herb and root of this plant, which grows in
 Illyria, Hungary, Croatia, Gallizia, and Bavaria,
 are used in  the  same cases as belladonna.   Dose
 of the powder, half  a grain.
   HYPACT1CUS. Cathartic.
   HYPjE'MIA, from 'vno, 'beneath/ and 'atpa,
 'blood;'  Hijpoa'mia, Hy poll a'mia,   OU gal mia,
  Oligaha'niia,  Ana'niiu.   Deficiency of blood.—
 Andral.  Also,  extravasation  of blood.
   IIvp.kmia Oculi, Ila'mophthalmia.
   HYPAGOGE. Dejection.
   IIYPAGOGI'S, Laxative.
   HYPALEIM'MA, Hypalinlma, Hypalc'ip'tum,
 Ilyptth'p'tum,  from  'vnaXtitpui,  'I  anoint.'   An
 ointment or liniment to be rubbed or spread on
 a part.
   HYPALEIPTRTS. Hvpaleiptrum.
   HYPALEIP'TRON. Hypaleip'trum, Hypaleijr-
 tris, Hypalip'tnim, Speeilluin,  Spatha. A  sort
 of spatula for spreading ointments.—Hippocrates.
   HVPALEIPTRUM. Uvpuleiptron.
   IIYPALEIPTUM. Ilypaleimma.
   1IYPALTMMA. Hvpaleimma,
   HYPALIPTRUM." Hypaleiptron.
   HYPAMAURO'SIS, from  'vno,  'under,'  and
 amaurosis;  Amaiiro'sis  imperfec'ta.   Imperfect
 amaurosis:  Mcrnmanro'sis.
   HYPANCO'NIUM, from 'vno, 'beneath,'and
ttyKurv, ' the elbow.'  A pillow for supporting the
 elbow  in sursrical cases.
   HYPAPOPLEX'IA,  from  W,  'under/ and
apt,),lexia.  An  incomplete attack of apoplexy.
   HYP ATM ISM US, Fumigation.
   HYPATM US. Fmnitrution.
   HYPAUCHE'NIUM,  from  'vno. 'under/ and
au,Y>;>', 'the neck.'   A  pillow or cushion for  the
nt"-k.
  IIYPECCHOBESTS. Dejection.
  IIYPECCHORETfCUS, Laxative.
  IIYPELATUS. Cathartic, Laxative.
  IIYPENANTIOMA, Allopathy.
  HYPENANTIOSIS. Allopathy.
  HYPE'NE.  'unnvrr.  The  beard  which grows
under the chin,  according to  some.   Also,  the
upper lip.—Vcsalius.  See Mystax.
  HYPENETES, Adolescens.
  HYrPER, 'vnep, 'above,' 'in excess.'   Hence:
  H Y P E R A C U ' S I S,  Oxyecoi'a,  Hyperac'oe,
Phthongodyspho''ria, from  hyper, and ason,  'au-
dition.'  Excessive  sensibility of  the  organ of
hearing.
  HYPERADENO'SIS, Hyperadeno'ma, Hyper-
troph'ia glandula'rum, from hyper, and abnv, 'a
gland.'   Hypertrophy of a gland.
  HYPEREMIA, I/yprrha'mia,  Hcrmorme'sis,
(F.) Hyperimie, Angit,hemie,from hyper, and 'atpa,
' blood.'  Preternatural accumulation of blood in
the  capillary vessels,  im re  especially  local ple-
thora—pletho'ra parti a'lis ; congestion.—Andral.
Various forms of hyperemia are admitted by pa-
thologists, — for example, the  active or sthenic;
as in the phlegmasiae, — the asthenic or passive,
from weakness of vessels; the cadaveric, or that
which forms immediately  before or after death ;
and  the hypostatic, which occurs  in depending
parts.
   Hyperemia Abdominis, Coolia?mia—h. Activa,
Inflammation—h. Capitis, Cephala'mia—h. of tbe
Brain,  Stethicmia—h. Cerebri. Cephalapinia—h.
Pectoris, Stetha?mia—h. Pulmonum, Stetha.'inia
— h. of the Lungs, Stethaemia — h. Hepatic, He-
pa toha>mia.
   IIYPER^E'MIC,  Hypera'miais,  Ilypcra'mial,
 Conr/cs'ted, Bloodshot.   Affected with hyperemia.
   HYPERESTHESIA, Hypenrsthesis—h. Lin-
guae, Hypergeustia—h. Olfactoria,  Hyperosphre-
sia—h. Plexus cardiaci. Angina pectoris.
   HYPERvESTHE'SIS,  Hyperastha'sia,  Oxy-
asthe'sia,  (F.)  Hypriresthisie, from hyju-r, and
ataSnais, 'the faculty of feeling.'  Excessive sen-
sibility, impressibility, or passibilitv.
   HYPERiESTHETTCA, same etymon.  Agents
that are conceived to augment general sensibility
—as strychnia,  brucia, Ac.  Pereira.
   HYPERANARRHOPHE'SIS, from hyper, and
avuppotpriats, 'absorption.'   Excessive absorption.
   HYPERANTHERA MORINGA, Guilandina
moringa.
   HYPERANTHRAXIS. see Cholera.
   HYPERAPH'IA, Oxyaph'e.,  Oxyapllia, from
hyper,  and 'aiprj,  ' touch.'  Excessive  acuteness
of touch.
  HYTERAPHRODIS'IA,from hyper, and A^po-
btrn, 'Venus.'  Excessive venereal  desire.
  HYPERASTHENI'A, from hyper, and ao6citta,
'weakness.' Excessive debility.
  HYTERAUXE'SIS, from hyper, and av^nots,
'augmentation.'   Hyperepid'osis.   Excessive in-
crease or enlargement  of a part, as  Hyperanxe'sis
I'ridis, an  excessive enlargement of the iris, so
as to stop up the pupil.
  IIYPERBOL'IC  (attitude),  from  hyper,  and
(SaXXur,  'I  throw.'  'Excessive.'  Galen, by this
term, designates  certain  extraordinary  attitudes,
in which the limbs and vertebral column are in a
state of complete extension or flexion.
  IIYTERBO'REAN,  from hyper,  and fioptas,
'the north  wind.'  A  race of men found at the
extreme north of tbe two continents, in tbe vicin-
ity of the polar circle.  It includes the Thibetans,
Ostiaks, Kamtschadales, Laplanders, Samoiedes,
Esquimaux, kc.
  HY'PERBU'LTA, from  hyper, and PovXn,  'will.'
Ungovernable will or volition.
  HYPERCARDIA, Heart, hypertrophy of tbe.
  HYPERCARDIOTROPHIA, Heart, hypertro-
phy  of  the.
  HYTERCATAPINO'SIS, from hyper, and rcara-
mvetv, 'to sip up.'  Excessive activity of absorp-
tion.
  HYPERCATHAR'SIS,  Hyperine'sis,  Hyped-
nos,  Snperpurga'tio,  Effrenita'tio,  from hyper,
and rcaSapois, 'purgation.'  Superpurgation.
  HYPERCENO'SIS,  from  hyper, and «ruc«, 
HYPERCERASIS
4 SO
HYPERNEURIA
'evacuation.'  Excessive evacuation, as of blood,
bile, &c.
  HYPERCERASIS. Staphyloma of the cornea.
  HYPERCERATOSIS, Staphyloma of the cor-
nea.
  HYPERCHOLIA, Polycholia.
  HY'PERCHRO'MA, from  hyper,  and XP°>ua'
'colour.'  A red fleshy excrescence at the inner
angle of the eye, near the caruncula lacrymalis,
which sometimes grows very  large, so as to sepa-
rate the eyelids  and interfere with their move-
ments.
  HYPERCHROMATOPSTA,    Hyperchroma-
top'sy, from hyper, xpurpa, %puru.aros, 'colour, and
oif is, ' vision.'  A  defect of vision, owing to which
ideas of  colour are attached to  objects, which
convey no such coloured impressions to a healthy
eye.  It is the antithesis to achromatopsia.
   HYPERCINE'SIA, Hypercine'sis, from hyper,
and Kiwais (kivsui, ' I move/)  ' motion.   Excessive
motion.'  Under the term hypercinesis, Romberg
includes the spasmodic neuroses.
   Hypercinesia  Nervosa,  see  Irritable — h.
Uterina, Hysteria.
   HYPERCINESIS GASTRICA, Hypochondri-
asis.
   HYPERCONJONCTIV1TE, see Ophthalmia.
   HYPERCORYPHO'SIS, from  hyper,  and
 Kopvpn, 'the vertex;' the  extreme point of any-
 thing.  The lobes of the  liver and lungs. — Hip-
 pocrates.
   HYPERCRINTA, Ilyperdiac'risis,  Chymoze'-
 mia, from  hyper, and  uptvut,  'I separate.'   A
 morbid increase  in  the   quantity of  the secre-
 tions.
   HYPER'CRISIS, same etymon.  Superexcre'-
 tio, Stiperevacua'tio.   An excessive crisis, or eva-
 cuation ;  a flux. — A very violent, critical effort,
 or too  copious critical evacuations.—Galen.
   HYPERCYEMA, Superfoetution.
   HYPERCYESIS. Supcrfoetation.
   HYPERDE RM ATO'SIS. Hyperdermato'ma,
 Hijpcrdermo'sis, Hyperdermo'ma, from  hyper, and
 leppa, 'skin.'  Hypertrophy of  the skin.
   HYPERDIACRISIS,  Hvpercrinia.
   HYPER DIURESIS, Diabetes.
   HYPERDYNAMIA, Hypersthenia.
   HYPERDYNAMTC,  llyperdynanlicus, from
 hyper, and  bwapts,  ' strength.'   Appertaining to
 or  having  the  characters  of hyperdynamia, or
 excessive strength—of the vital powers more es-
 pecially.
    HYPERECHEMA,  see Exaggerated.
    HYPERECHESIS, see Exaggerated.
    HYTEREM'ESIS,  Hyperemes'ia,  Vom'itus
 profu'sits; from hyper, and  epeur,  'I vomit.'   Ex-
 cessive vomiting.
    HYfERE3TIE. Hyperemia — A.  du Ccn-cau,
 Cephalohsemia—A. Ciribrale, Cephalohaemia —
 A. du Foie, Hepatohaeinia — A. de la 3L,cUe,  ipi-
 •niere, Hyperinyelohajmia— A. des I'oumoni, Ste-
 tha3tuia.            ,
    HYPERENCE PHA L 0 Tit OP HIE ; from
 hyper, eyKctjraXov, 'the  encephalon/ and  rpnipn,
 ' nourishment.'   Hypertrophy of the  encephalon.
 — Piorrv.
    RYVERFSCFVR'A1,VS,(F.) Hyperenciphale,
 from hyper, and r.etitaXn, 'the head.'   A monster
 whose excessive brain is situate in the skull.
    HYPERENDOSMOSE, Inflammation.
    HYPERENERGI'A,  from hyper, and tvtpyeta,
  'activity.'  Excessive activity, as of the nervous
  svstein.
   " HYPEBEPIIIDROSIS,  Ephidrosis.
    IIYPEREPIDOSIS, Hyperauxesis.
    HYPERERETHTS'IA.from hyper, and epedt^ur,
  'I oxci'e.'   Excessive irritability.
    HYPERES'IA,  'vnepeata, 'a  ministry.'   This
word is sometimes applied to the organs:—when
it means function.
  HYPER ESTHESTE, Hyperesthesia.
  HYPERETRIA,  Midwife.
  HYPERFIBRINAT10N, Hyperinosis.
  HYPERGEN'ESIS, from hyper, and  yevttrts,
'generation/ (F.) Hyperyinisie.   Tho excess of
formative  power, which  gives occasion to mon-
strosities by excess  of parts.  See Monster.
  HYPERGEUS'TIA,  Hypergeu'sis,  Hypcras-
the'sia lingua, Oxygeu'sia, from hyper, and yive-
rts, 'taste.'   Excessive sensibility of the organ
of taste.
  HYPERHiEMATOSIS, Inflammation.
  HYPERHiEMIA, Hypersemia.
  H Y PERU EPA TO TROPHIE, Ilcputauxe.
  HYPERH1DROSIS, Ephidrosis.
  HY'PERHO'RA,  from hyper, and 'urpa, 'time/
Premature development  of tbe body, or  of some
part.
  HYPERI'CUM  BACCIF'ERUM,  Arbus'cula
gummifera Brazilieilsis, Caa-opia.   Ord.  llv-
pericaceas.  A Brazilian tree, whose  bark emita
a juice, when wounded, which resembles gamboge.
Hypericum is  considered by Linnaeus to be de-
rived from ' vnep, 'over/ and etsurv, 'an image or
spectre;' from  its having been fancied  to possess
the power of driving away evil spirits.
   Hypericum  Officinale, H.  perforatum  —h.
Offieinarum, H. perforatum.
   Hypericum  Perforatum, Hypericum, II. offt-
cina'le seu ofiieina'rum seu vulga're seu Virgin'i-
cum,  Fuqn  Da'monum, Androsa'nium,  Co'rion,
Perforated or Common St. John's  Wort,(F.)  3UI-
lepertuis  ordinaire.  It is aromatic  and astrin-
gent, and  enters into a number of aromatic pre-
parations;  and, amongst  others,  into the  Full-
trancks.  It was, at one time, much used in dys-
entery, hemorrhages, &c.  The juice is acrid.
 The Oil ofi St. John's  Wort, Red oil, Linimen'titm
 seu O'leum hyperi'ei, Balsamum hyperid sim'plcx,
 is made by infusing %iv. of the flowers in a quart
 of olive oil.  It is  applied to recent bruises.
   Hypericum Saro'tiiua, Orange grass. Pine-
 weed, indigenous,  is applied in domestic   prac-
 tice,  boiled, to contusions and sprains.
   Hypericum Virginicum,  II.  perforatum — h.
 Vulgare, II. perforatum.
   HYPERIDROSIS, Ephidrosis.
   HYPERINESIS. Hypercatharsis.
   HYPERINOS, Hypercatharsis.
   HYPERINO'SIS, I no'sis. Ilyperplos'ma, from
 hyper, and is, ivos, ' fibre.'  The condition of tho
 blood in  which it contains an increase in tbe pro-
 portion of fibrin, Hyper-fibrinu'tion. Super-fibri-
 nation. a decrease  of the corpuscles in proportion
 to the excess of fibrin, and  an increase of the
 fat.— as in inflammation.  In  proportion to the
 increase  of the fibrin and fat. and the decrease
 of the corpuscle*,  the whole solid residue will be
 diminished.   Also, morbidly-increased  muscular
 activity.—Siebenhaar.
    HYPERLYMPII'IA, (F.) llypolymphie;from
 hyper and lympha.   Excessive formation   or ac-
  cumulation of lymph.
    HYPER3IETR OilE 31 IE, Metrobaeni ia.
    HYPERMNE'SIA,  from  hyper,  and pvaopat,
  < I recollect.'   Excessive .memory.
    IIYPERMYEOLOHiE'MIA, (F.) Ili/perimit
  de la Moelle Epinicre,  Congestion  sanguine rachr-
  dieune, from hyper, preXos, 'marrow,'  nnd 'atpa,
  'blood.'   Hyperasmia of the spinal marrow.
    HYPERNEPHROTROPHIF,  from   hyper,
  vitppos, 'kidney/ and rpotprj, 'nourishment.' Hy-
  pertrophy of the kidney.
    IIYTERNEU'RIA, from hyper, and nvpov, 'a
  nerve.'  Excessive nervous activity. 
HYPERXEUROMA           481            HYPNONERGIA
   IIYPERNEURO'MA, same  etymon.  Morbid
 development of the neurine or nervous masses.
   II Y P E R 0 -PIIARYNGEUS, Palato-pharyn-
 geus.
   HYPERO'A, from hyper, and urov, 'a high
 place.'  The palatine arch,—the base of the cra-
 nium ; the palate.
   HYPEROI'TIS, Infiamma'tio pala'ti, Angi'na
 Palatina, (F.) infiammation du Palais ; from hy-
 peroa, 'the palate/ and itis, a suffix denoting in-
 flammation.  Inflammation of the velum palati.
   HYPEROOCHAS'MA, from  'vntpura, 'the  pa-
 late/and X""/"1' <an opening;'  Lycost'oma, Pa-
 la'turn fissum.  Fissure of the palate.
   HYPEROPSIA, Oxyopia.
   HYPEROS,  Pilum.
   HYPEROSMIA, Ilyperosphresia.
   HYPEROSPIIRE'SIA,  Hyperos'mia,  Hyper-
 asthe'sia ol facto'ria,  Olfac'tus acu'tus, from hyper,
 and  ootppntns,  'smell.'  Excessive acuteness of
 smell.
   HYPEROSTOSIS, Exostosis.
   IIYPERPATHUA, from hyper, and nados, 'suf-
 fering.'  Excessive sensibility in disease.
   HYPERPHLEBO'SIS, from  hyper, and tpXe^,
 'a vein.'  Too  great development of the venous
 system; predominant venosity.
   IIYPERPHLEGMASIA,  llyperphlogosis.
   HYPERPIILOGO'SIS, Epiphlogo'sis, Hyper-
 phlegm a'sia, Infiiimma'tio peraalta; from hi/per,
 and  tpXoyurois,  'inflammation.'   A high degree
 of inflammation.
   HYPE/iPHRENlE, Mania.
   IIYPERPIMELE, see Polysarcia.
   IIYPERPLASMA, Hvperinosis.
   HYI'ERPLENTE, Ecstasis.
   HYPERPNEUSTfA, Flatulence.
   HYI'ERPRESBYTTA, Presbytia.
   HYPERSARCHIDIOS, Physconia.
   HYPERSARCO'MA, Hypccsarco'sis,  Hyper-
 sarx'is, from hyper, and aap\, ' flesh.'   A soft fun-
 gous excrescence, especially  such  as appears
 upon ulcerated  parts.—A fungosity.
   HYPERSARCOSIS. Excrescence.  Fungosity,
 —h. Cordis, Heart, hypertrophy of the.
   HYPERSARXIS,  Hvpersarcoma.
   IIYPERSPADIAS, Epispadias.
   HYPERSPASMLA, Convulsion.
   HYPERSf'LENOTROPHIE, Splenoncus.
   HYPERSl'OXGIA, Spina ventosa.
   Ill PLUS ITIENI'A, Hypertlyna'mia, Hyper-
 tooth/nil mia, Status infiammato'rius vents; from
 hyper, and trdevos, 'strength.'  Super-excitement.
 A morbid  condition, characterized by over-excite-
 ment of all the vital  phenomena.
   HYPERSTHENIC. Stimulant.
   HYPERSTIIENICUS, Active. Stimulant.
   II\ PERTON'tA,  hyper,  and   rovos,  'tone.'
 Excess of tone  in parts.  It is opposed to atony.
   HYPERTRICHOSIS ;  from  hyper, and <?p<|,
 rpiyus. 'hair.'   Excessive production of hair.
   HYPERTROPILE'MIA,  from  hyper, rpo^,
 nourishment/  and 'atpa,  'blood.'  A state  in
 which  the  plastic  powers of the blood are  in-
 creased.
   HYPERTROPIIIA. Hypertrophy-!,. Cerebri,
 Phrenauxe —h. Cordis,  Heart,  hypertrophy  of
 the — h. Glandularum, Hyperadenosis — h. He-
 pntis, Hcpatauxe —h.  Intestinorum,   Enterhy-
 pertn.phia — h.  Lienis,  Splenoncus —h. Splenis,
 Splenoncus — h. Uteri, Metrauxe —h. Unguium,
 "iivi hauxe—h.  Vesicas urinariae, Cystauxe.
  HYPERTROPHIC, see Hypertrophy.
  HYPERTROPHIE DU  C(EUR, Heart, hy-
pertrophy of the—A.  Centripite du Caur, Heart
      31                                   '
 hypertrophy of the —A. Concentrique  du Ccertr,
 Heart, hypertrophy of the —A. du Foie, Hepa-
 tauxe —A. tie la Rate, Splenoncus —A. du Corps
 Thi/roide, Bronchocele.
   HYPERTROPHIED, see Hypertrophy.
   HYPERTROPHIEN, see Hypertrophy.
   HYPERTROPHOUS, see Hypertrophy.
   HY'PERTROPHY, Hypertroph'ia, from hyper,
 and  rpotpn,  'nourishment.'   The state  of a  part
 in which  the nutrition is performed with greater
 activity;  and which,  on that account,  at length
 acquires unusual bulk.  The part thus affected is
 said   to  be hyper'trophied or hyper'trophous.
 Hypertrophia is used by Neligan,  as  Hyper-
 trophien is by Simon, for an order of cutaneous
 diseases,  characterized  by  hypertrophy of the
 derma, or epidermis, or both,'or of the hair fol-
 licles.
   HYPERURESIS, Enuresis —h. Aquosa, Dia-
 betes.
   HYPERURORRHEE, Diabetes—A. Saccha-
 rine, Diabetes (mellitus.)
   HYPERZOODYNAMIA,  Hypersthenia.
   HYPEX'ODOS,  'vmlobos, from 'vno, 'beneath.'
 and  t&bos,  'passing out.'  An  alvine discharge
 or flux.—Hippocrates.
   HYPEZOCUS, Diaphragm, Pleura.  See Hy-
 pozoma.
   HYPHA, Texture.
   HYPH.EMA, Ecchymoma.
   HYPHyEMATO'SIS,   Hypohamato'sis,  from
 'vno,   'under/  and 'atparutaisj  'sanguification.'
 Morbidly diminished hasmatosis.—Sunguifica'tio
 debilior.
   HYPH/EMOS, Subcruentus.
   IlYPHE. Texture.
   HY'PIIYDROS, Hydropic.
   HYPINO'SIS, Hypophts'tna,  from 'vno, 'un-
 der/  and u, ivos, 'fibre.'  The  condition of the
 blood in which the quantity of fibrin is frequently
 less than  in health, or  if it amounts to  the usual
 quantity,  its proportion  to the  blood corpuscles
 is less than in health :  the quantity of corpuscles
 is either absolutely increased or their proportion
 to the fibrin is larger than  in healthy blood;  the
 quantity of solid constituents is also frequently
 larger than  in health.  Such is  the condition of
 the blood in fevers, hemorrhages, and polysomia.
 —Simon.
   HYP.WEST1IESIS,  Somnolency.
   Hi PNAGO'GIC, Hypnago'gieits, from 'vnvos,
 ' sleep,' and ayuryos, • a  leader.' Leading to sleep.
   Hypnagogic  hallucinations are those visions
 which occur when we are half asleep.
   HYPNIA'TER,  (F.) Hypniatrc,  from  Wo?,
 'sleep/ and tarpos, 'a physician.' A name given
 to deluded or designing persons who have affirmed
 that they were able, during their  'magnetic sleep,'
 to diagnosticate disease and its appropriate treat-
 ment.
   IIY'PNIC, Hyp'nicus, from 'vnvos, 'sleep.'   An
 agent that affects sleep.—Pereira.
   HYPNOBADES, Somnambulist.
   HYPNOBADISIS, Somnambulism.
   HYPNOBATASIS, Somnambulism.
   HYPNOBATES, Somnambulist.
   HYPNOBATESIS. Somnambulism.
   HYPNOBATIA,  Somnambulism.
  HYTNO'DES, •v-vmbns. from 'vno,  'under/and
'vnvos, ' sleep.'  One in  a state of  slumber or som-
nolency.
  HYPNODIA. Somnolency.
  HYPNOLOG'TCA, Hypnolofhe.   The part
of  hygiene which treats of sleep.
  HYPNOL'OGY, Hypnolof'ia,  from 'vnvos, and
Xoyos,  'a discourse.' Same etymon..  A treatise
on sleep.  The doctrine of sleep.
  HYPNONERGIA, Somnambulism. 
HYPNOPHOBIA            482            HYPOGASTRIC
  HYPNOPHOBTA, from  'vnvos,  'sleep/  and
jrijias. ' dread.'  Dread of sleep.   Incubus.
  1IYPNOPCEUS, Somniferous.
  IIYPNOS, Sleep.
  IIYPNO'SIS. from 'vnvos, 'sleep.'  The super-
vention or production of sleep.
  Hypnosis Biomag.vetioa, Sleep, magnetic.
  HYPNOTIC, Somniferous.
  HYPNOTISM, see Magnetism, animal.
  HYPNOTIZED, see Mesmerized.
  HYPO, 'vno, 'sub,' -under/ in composition.
  Hypo. Hypochondriasis.
  IIY PO.KMA, Ecchyitioma.
  HYPO.EMIA,  Ecchymoma, Ilypaemia.
  UYPOBLEPII'ARUM, from 'vno, 'under/and
pX£<j,a,.oi>,  'eyelid.'   Tumefaction under one or
both eyelids.   Also, an artificial eye, placed un-
der the eyelids.
  HYPDCAPNISMA, Suffimentum.
  HYPOCAPNISMUS, Fumigation.
  HYPOCARO'DES,  Subsoponltus, from  'vno,
'under,' and kuiios, 'a heavy sleep.'  One who is
in a state approaching carus.— Hippocrates.
  HYPOCATHAR'SIS, from 'v*-o, 'under,'and
KaSapats, ' purgation.'   Too feeble purgation.  A
word opposed to  hypercatharsis.
   HYPOCATHARTICUS, Laxative.
   IIYPOCAUS'TUM,  from  'vno,  'under/  and
 Kaiur, 'I burn.'  A name given to a stove, or any
 such contrivance, to  sweat in.   Also, a furnace
 in  any subterraneous place,  used  for  heating
 baths  :—'vnoKavarov, Balnea'riitm,  Vapora'ritrm.
   HYPOCEPHALjE'UM, from  'vno,  ' under/ and
 KttpaXn, ' head.'  A pillow for  the head.
   UYPOCERCHA'LEON, from  'vno,   and  ntp-
 XaXeos, 'hoarse.'   Roughness  of the fauces affect-
 ing the voice.—Hippocrates.
   HYPOCHLORETUM SULPHUROSUxM, Sul-
 phur, chloride of.
   IIYPOCHLOROM'ELAS,  sub-pallide  nigri-
 cans, from 'vno, \Xurpos, ' green/ and .uiXas, ' black.'
 A term applied to one whose skin  is pale, with a
 blackish  hue.—Hippocrates, Galen.
   IIYPOCHOILION. Abdomen.
   HY'POCIIONDRE, Hypochon'drium, Snbcar-
 tilagin'enin, Re'gio  llypochondri'itca, Hypoehoil-
 driue Region, from  'vno, 'under/ and ^uibpos, 'a
 cartilage.'   Each lateral  and superior  region of
 the abdomen  is  so  called, because it is bounded
 by  the cartilaginous margin  of  the false  ribs,
 which forms the base of  the chest.  There  is a
 right  and a left hypochondrium.
   HYPOCHON'DRIAC,  Hypochondrlacus, Hy-
 pochondriacal, Ya'poury, Vilflourish, (F.) Hypo-
 chandriaque.  Same etymon.   Belonging to hy-
 pochondriasis.  One  labouring under hypochon-
 driasis—hipped.
    HYPOCIIOXDRTACISMUS.Hypochondriasis.
    HYPOOHONDRIALOIA, Hypochondriasis.
    HYPOCHOYDRIAQUE, Hypochondriac.
    HYPOCHONDRIASIS. Same etymon. Ahl-
 sia seu  Halhicinu'tio hypochondriasis, Morbus
 hypochondrlacus seu Rcsiceato'ritts  seu Rtictun'-
 sus, Mnhim hyntichondrlacnin, Hypoehondriac.is'-
 mns,  Hypochomlricis'mits,  Di/spep'sia  hypochon-
 driasis,  Pas'sio  seu  Affec'tio hypocliondrlaca,
 Anathi/mi' asis,  Hypercine'sis  gastriea,  Spleues,
 3felancholin nerrea seu flatno'sa  seu  hypachon-
 dri'aca,   Suffociltio  hypochondri'aca.  Morbus
 fiatuo'sv.s seu erudito'rum, Fomes ventric'uli, Hy-
 pochonddsm, Hypo, Hip, Spleen, Vapours English,
 Malady, Low Spirits, fF.) Hypochondrie, Maladie
 imagiunire ou Arnjlaise, Affection  vnporense, Va-
 peu.rs.  This  disease is  probably  so called, from
 the circumstance of some hypochondriacs having
 felt an uneasy  sensation  in the  hypoebondriac
 regions.  The disease seems really to be, as  Pinel
 has classed it, a species of neurosis, and  of mental
 alienation, which is observed in persons who in
other respects are  of sound judgment, but  who
reason erroneously on whatever concerns their
own health. Hypochondriasis is characterized by
disordered digestion, without fever or local lesion •
flatulence ; borborygmi: extreme increase of sen
sibility ;  palpitations; illusions  of the senses; n
succession  of  morbid feelings, which  appear to
simulate the greater  part  of  disease's; panics:
exaggerated uneasiness of various kinds;  chicllv
in what regards  the health,  &c.  Indigestion bas
usually been considered the  cause of hypochon-
driasis.  Tbey are, unquestionably,  much  con-
nected with each other: but there is every  reason
to believe,  that tbe seat of the  affection is  really,
though functionally, in the  brain.   The disease
almost  always  appears  at the adult age, most
commonly  in irritable individuals; and in those
exhausted, or rather in  the habit of being ex-
hausted  by mental labour, overwhelmed  with
domestic or public affairs, Ac.
   Tbe treatment is almost entirely moral.  The
condition of the  digestive function must, however,
be accurately  attended to.
   HYPOCHONDRKTSMUS, Hypochondriasis.
   HYPOCIIONDRISM, Hypochondriasis.
   HYPOCHORE.MA. Excrement.
   1IYP0CII0RESIS, Dejection, Defccntion, Ex-
crement.
   HYPOCHORETICUS, Cathartic.
   IIYPOCHYMA, Cataract.
   IIYPOCHYROSIS. Baryecoia.
   HYPOCHYSIS H^EMATODESjIIaDmoplithal-
 mia.
   IIYPOCISTIS, Cvtinus.
   HYPOCLEP'TICUM,  from  'vno,  'beneath/
 and KXcnrur, ' I  steal.'   A  chymical  vesrel, for-
 merly used for separating oil from water.
   HYP0CC3LIS. Palpebra inferior.
   HYPOCffiLTUM, Abdomen.
   HYP0CO5LUM,  Hypocoilon, Palpebra infe-
 rior.
   HYP0C0rL0N,////;we«>7o)i, Hypnctr'him, Ily-
 poc'ylnrn,  from  '«iro, ' under/and noiXuv,  'a ca-
 vity.'   A cavity situate  under  the lower  eyelid.
 The lower eyelid itself.
   I1YPOCOP1IOSIS, Baryecoia, Deafness.
   HYPOCRA'NIUM (Apostema), from 'i»ro, 'un-
 der,' and Kpaviov, ' the cranium.' A collection of
 pus between tbe cranium and dura mater.
    HYPOCRATES. Infirm.
   1IYPOCYLUM, Hypocoilon, Palpebra inferior.
   HYPOCYSTEOTOMIA, see Lithotomy.
    HYPODERIS, Epideris.
   IIYPODEIlMAT'OMY,%orff™"/w»'i'n, from
 rturo, 'under,' Itppa,  'the skin,'and  ro/in, 'inci-
 sion.'  The section of subcutaneous  parts-, as of
 tendons and muscles.
    HYPODER'MIC,  Hypader'mirus,  (F.) Ih/p„-
 dermiqtie, from 'vno, 'under/  and bipiia,  'skin.'
 That which is under the skin, — as 'hypodermic
 medication/ (F.)  Medication hypodcrmique; that
 which consists in the application of remedies—aa
 morphia—under the skin.
    IIYPODERMIS, Clitoris, Epideris.
    HYPODERRHIS, Epideris.
    IIYPODESMA, Bandage.
    HYPODYNAMIC, Adynamic.
    HYPODY'N'IA, from 'vno,  'under/and obwn,
 'pain.'  Dolor  mitis seu lair's.  A slight pain.
    HYPOGALA. Hypopyon.
    HYPOGASTRAL'GIA, from 'vnoynanuov. 'the
 hypogastrium/ and  aXyos,  'pain.'   Pain in the
 hvpogastrium.
   "HYPOGASTRIC,  Hypogas'triats.  Relating
 or belonging to the hypogastrium.
    Hypogastric Artery, A. Iliaca  inter'na, A.
  Ill aca poste'rior, A. pclvienne—(Ch.), is the more
 internal of the  two branches into which the pri-
ll mary iliac divides.  It descends  into the cavity 
IIYPOGASTRION           4
of tbe pelvis, and gives off a considerable number
of brunches, which arise, at times, separately ; at
others, by common trunks.  These branches are,
1. The posterior, i. e. the ilio-lumbar arteries, la-
teral, sacral, and gluteal.  2. The anterior, i. e.
the umbilical, vesical, and obturator.  3. The in-
ternal, —the middle hemorrhoidal arteries, uterine,
and vaginal in women.  4. The inferior, i. e. the
iseliiatic arteries, and internal pudic.
   Hypogastric Gan'glion.  A  large  nervous
ganglion, described  by Dr. Robt. Lee as seated
on  each side of the cervix uteri, immediately be-
hind the ureter; which receives the greater num-
ber of the nerves of the hypogastric and sacral
plexuses, and distributes branches to the uterus,
vagina, bladder, and rectum.
   Hypogastric Operation of Lithot'omy, (F.)
 Taille  hypoyastrique.  The  high operation,  or
 that practised above the pubes.
   Hypogastric Plexus,/Verk» sous-misentidque
 of  Winslow, is situate at the lateral and posterior
parts of the rectum and the bus fond of the blad-
 der.  It is formed by the sacral  nerves  and the
 inferior mesenteric plexus, and gives off numerous
 filaments, which accompany the arteries that pass
 to  the rectum and genital organs.
   Hypogastric Vein furnishes  nearly  the same
 branches.
   IIYPOGASTRION, Abdomen, Hypogastrium.
   HYPOGAS'TRIUM, Hypogas'tri'o,,, from 'vno,
 'under/ and  ynarnp, 'the  stomach or belly;'
 Etron,  nrpov,  Venter imus,  V parvus,  Aqnalic'-
 ulus, Suiiien, Rumen ;  the  lower  part of  the ab-
 domen.  Tbe Hypogastric region, lle'gio hr/jro-
 gas'trica seu hypogns'tria, which  extends as high
 as three fingers' breadth  beneath the umbilicus,
 is  divided  into  three  secondary regions — one
 middle or pubic, and  two lateral or inguinal.
    HYPOGASTROCE'LE,  from  'vno,   'under/
 yaarnp, ' the stomach or belly/ and KrjXi/, ' a tu-
 mour.'   Hernia in the hypogastric region, occur-
 ring through the separated  fibres of tbe lower
 part of the linea alba.  See Hernia,  hypogastric.
    IIYPOGASTRODID'YMUS,   Did'yiuus Sym-
  }>liyohypogas'trius,  Ischioptlge.s,  from 'vno, 'un-
 der/ yaarnp, 'the belly/ and btbvirus,  'a twin.'  A
 monstrosity  in  which twins  are  united  by the
 hypogastrium.—Gurlt.
    HYPOGASTRORIXIS, Eventration.
    HYPOGLOSSA, Hypoglottides.
    HYPOGLOSSAL  NERVE, Hypoglossus.
    HYPOGLOSSIA, Hypoglottides.
    HYPOGLOSSIADENI'TIS, from 'vno, 'under/
 yXuraaa, 'tongue/ abijv, 'a gland,' and itis, deno-
 ting inflammation.   Infiamma'tio gltin<liila'rum
 miblingua'liiim.   Inflammation of the sublingual
 gland.
    HYPOGLOSSIDIA. Hypoglottides.
    HYPOGLOSSIS,  Hypoglos'sium, Hypoglotlis,
 Hypogloltia, from  'vno,  'under/ and  'yXurtraa,
 ' tungue.'  The under surface of the tongue ; any-
 thing under the tongue: and hence,  Ranula.
    HYPOGLOSSIUM, Hypoglossis, Ranula.
    HYPOGLOSSUM, Ruscus  hypoglossum, Ra-
 nula.
    HYPOGLOS'SUS,  from  'vno, 'under/ and
 yXuroo-ti, ' the tongue.'  That which  is under the
 tongue.
    Hypoglossus, Liugua'lis Me'dius.Hypogloss'al
 or Lingual or Gns'taiory Nerve, (F.) Nerf Hypo-
 qlnHxe ou Grand  Hypoglosse,  Hypoglossien (Ch.),
 is  the  ninth pair of nerves, Par nonum, Nervus
 hypoglossus seu loquens, of many anatomists.  It
 arises by ten or twelve very fine filaments from
 the grooves, which separate the corpora pyrami-
 dalia from  the C. olivaria; issues from  the cra-
 nium by the foramen eondvloideum anterius: and
divides, near  tho angle  of the  jaw,  into two
3               HYPOPIUM
branches; the one, the cervica'lis descendens or
descaldens  noni.   It  forms,  with  the cervical
plexus, a large anastomotic arch, and furnishes
branches to  several of the muscles of the neck.
The other, the lingual branch,  is the continuation
of  tbe principal  trunk, and gives its numerous
filaments to the  muscles of the tongue and pha-
rynx.  The  ninth pair communicates motion to
the muscles  to which it is distributed.
  HYPOGLOTTIA, Hypoglossis, Hypoglottides.
  HYPOGLOTTTDES, (PILULE,") Hypoglos'-
sia, Hypogloltia,  Hypoghts'sn, Ilypoglat'ta, Hy-
poglossitlia, Pilulee sublingua'les.   Pills  placed
under the tongue to dissolve there.
  HYPOGLOTTIS, Hypoglossis, Ranula.
  HYPOGLU'TIS, from 'vno,  'under/ and yXoti-
tos, ' the nates.'   The  lower and projecting part
of  the nates.—Gorraeus.
  HYPOGNATHADEN, Submaxillary gland.
  IIYPOGNATHADENUTIS,/fy/joWr<aJe»,'1/«.
from hypnynathiideu, the submaxillary gland, and
itis, denoting inflammation. Inflammation of the
submaxillary gland.
  HYPOH.E'MA,  from 'vno,  'under.' and  atpn,
'blood.'  Effusion of blood  into the chambers of
the eye.   It is generally absorbed in time.
  IIYPOH.EMATOSIS, Hyphaematosis.
  HYPOHiEMIA, Hypaemia.
  IIYPOLEPSIOMANIA, Melancholy.
  HYPO'MIA, from 'vno,  'under,' and urpos. 'the
shoulder.'   That which lies under the shoulder,
as  the axilla.
  HY'POMO'RTA, from 'vno, 'under/ and purpta,
'folly.'   Slight   imbecility of  mind, or  slight
delirium.
  HYI'ONARTHECIE,  Hyponarthe'cia,  from
'vno, 'under,' and vupdrik- 'a splint.'   A term used
by  M. Mayor for his mode  of treating fractures
by  position  only, — the limb resting upon a pro-
perly cushioned  board  or splint.
  HY'PONEU'RIA, from 'vno, ' under/ nnd vev-
pov, 'a  nerve.'    Morbidly diminished nervous
energy.
  HY'PON'OMOS, Ulcus subtns depas'cens, from
'vno, 'under/ and vcpur, 'I feed.'  A  deep fistula
or  ulcer.                                        «
  HYPONTCHON, from 'vno, 'under/ and o.uf,
'the nail.'  Ecchymo'ma Hyponychon.  Effusion
of  blood under a nail.
  HYPOPATHI'A, Snbaffec'tio,  from 'vno,  'un-
der/and nados,  'disease.'   A  disease of a slight
character.
  HYPOPATUS. Dejeetio.
  HYPOPE'DIUM. from 'vno, 'under,' and novs,
'the foot.'   A cataplasm for the sole of the foot.
  HYPOPH'ASIS, from 'vno,  'under,' and ipatvur,
' I  appear.'   The state of the  eyes in which the
white only  is seen through the  opening  of the
eyelids.— Hippocrates.
  HYPOPHLEGMASIA. Subinflammatio.
  UY'POPH'ORA, from 'vno,  'under/and  Qcput,
'I  carry:'  Ulcus sinuo'sum seu fistulo'sum.  A
fistulous ulcer. — Galen.  A dejection.
  HYPOPHTHALMIA. Hypopyon.
  HYPOPHTIIAL'MION.  from  'vno, 'under.'
and otpSaX/jos. 'the eye.'  That part under the eye
where oedema  generally  commences in chronic
diseases and in cachexia.—Hippocrates.
  IIYrPOPHYSIS, Cataract, Epigone —h. Cere-
bri. Pituitary gland.
  IIYPOP'l'TTS  LANUGINOSA,  from  'vno,
'under,' and ntrvs, 'a  pine tree,' from tbe place
of  its growth.  American Pine-sap, False Beech-
drops, Birds' A'est.  Indigenous ; flowering from
June  to  August.   Order, Ericaceae.   Used as a
nervine in the form of the powdered root.
  HY'PO'PIUM, from 'vno,  'under/ and  tmj, 
HYPOPLASMA             48
4
HYPOUCANNA
'eye.'  The part  of the face under the eye: — a
black eye.
  Hvpopium Os,  Malte os.
  HYPOPLASMA. Hvpinosis.
  HY'POPLAST^E'MA.from 'vno,  'under/ nXaa-
tikos. ' formative,'and 'atpa,  'blood.'  Diminished
plasticity of the blood.
  HYPOPLEURIUS, Pleura.
  HYPOPO'DIA, Siipplanta'lia,  Suppeda'nea,
from 'vno, 'under/ and  -out, 'the  foot.'   Reme-
dies, as  sinapisms, which are applied under the
foot.
  HY'POPTON,  Hypop'yum,  Hypophthalmia,
Pyophthalmia, Enijiye'sis seu Diapye'sis seu Ab-
sces'siis  Oc'uli,  Oc'nhis purulen'tus, Lunella, Hy-
pog'ala, Hypopynm  lac'tenm,  Pyo'sis, Parop'sis
Sttiphijlo'ma piirnlentum ; from 'vno, 'under,' and
nvov,  'pus;' because  the pus is under the cornea.
This name has  been given to small abscesses be-
tween the  laminie of the cornea,  as well as  to
different purulent collections in the chambers of
the eye;  hence,  some pathologists have  distin-
guished Hypop'yon of the chambers from Hypop'-
yon of the cor'nea. In abscesses of the chambers,
the purulent matter is mixed  with the aqueous
humour, which  it  renders turbid ; and is deposited
particularly at the lower part of the eye : forming
behind the cornea a kind of whitish crescent, that
rises  more or less before  the pupil, and closes it
entirely or in part.   It requires the  use of local
and  general antiphlogistics, and  sorbefacients.
At times, it is necessary to  puncture the  cornea
and evacuate the  pus.
  Hypopion was  used by Galen to signify  "an
effusion of blood under the eyelids  and  tunica
conjunctiva,  or  under  the lower   eyelid." —
Blancard.
  HYPOPYUM LACTEUM. Hypopyon.
  HYPORINTON.  Hyporrhin' turn,  from  'vno,
'under,' and ptv,  'the  nose.'  That  part  of the
beard which grows beneath the nose. The mus-
taches.  Also, the upper lip.
  HYPORRHYSIS, Defluxion, Prolapsus.
  HYPOSA'PRUS. S„l,putris,Putres'cens. Grow-
ing  putrid ;  slightly putrid.  Game, of various
kinds. (F.) Viaudes faisandics, is,  at times, pre-
ferred in  an  incipient  state  of decomposition,
which certainly renders it more digestible.
  HYPOSAR'CA. from 'vno, 'under/ and  oapl-,
'flesh;' llyposarcid'ius, Anasarca.  In the Noso-
logies of Linnaeus and  Cullen, it is synonymous
with  Phi/scouia.
  HYPOSARCIDIUS, Anasarca, Hyposarca.
  HYPOSARCO'SIS,  from 'vno,  'under/ and
eapKurais,  ' a fleshy  growth.'   A  small,  fleshy
growth :—a wart.
  HYPOSIAGON, Maxillary bone, inferior.
  HYPOSIAGONARTHRI'TIS, from 'vno, 'un-
der/  atayurv, 'the jawbone/ ('lower jawbone/)
apQpov, 'a joint/ and itis, denoting  inflammation;
Infiamma'tio artic'uli  maxilla  inferio'ris.  In-
flammation of the joint of the lower  jaw.
  HYPOSIALADEN. Submaxillary gland.
  HYPOSIALADENITIS,  Hypognathadenitis.
  HY'POSPA'DIA,  Hypospadi'asis,  from  'vno,
'under,' and anaur, 'I draw.'  A malformation, in
which the canal of the urethra, instead of open-
ing at the apex  of  the glans, terminates at  its
base, or beneath  the penis,  at a greater  or less
distance from the symphysis  pubis.  When the
orifice of the urethra is very near the root of the
penis, the scrotum is divided, as it  were, into two
great labia; and this  malformation has often
been  taken for a case of hermaphrodism.  Hypo-
spadia is  ordinarily incurable; and  an  idea has
been  entertained that it is the cause of impotence.
It is not exactly so;  but it renders impregnation
less probable.
  HYPOSPADIAS. Hypospadia'us, Hypospad'.
icus.  One affected with hypospadia.
  HYPOSPADIASIS. Hypospadia.
  HYPOSPATHIS'MUS, from 'vro, 'under/nnd
anuOtov, 'a ladle or spatula.'  A surgical opera-
tion, with the ancients, in cases  of severe 'de-
fluxion to the eyes/ which consisted  in incisions
made in the scalp down to the bone, nnd  the in-
sertion of an instrument called a spat/lion or hy.
pospathis'ter to enable the intermediate parts to
be divided.  The precise character of tbe opera-
tion  is not well described, and it is no longer
known.—Paulus of ^Egina.
  HYPOSPATIIISTER, see Hypospathismus.
  HYPOSPHAG'MA, from  W,  'under.'  and
at}mt,ur, 'I kill.'  The  coagulated blood, which is
collected when  an  animal is killed and used for
food.   Also, an effusion of blood, especially under
the conjunctiva. .
  Hyposphagma, Hacmophthalmia.
  HYPOSTAPHYLE, Staphylcedema.
  HYPOSTAPHY'LITIS, see Stapbylitis.
  HY'POS'TAStS, from 'vno,  'under/and araats,
'the act of placing.'  A morbid deposition in the
body.  Sediment.
  HYPOSTATIC, Hypostnlicus, from 'vno, 'un-
der/ and  araats, 'stagnation.'  Relating to  hy-
postases, sediments or depositions.
  Hypostatic  Hypkrje'mia.   A congestion of
blood in  the  vessels of a part,  caused  by its de-
pending position.
  HYPOSTEMA, Sediment.
  HYPOSTHENIA, Debility.
  HYPOSTIIENIC, Contrastimulant.
  IIYPOS'TROPIIE,  'vnoorpotpn, 'change of po.
sition/ from 'vno, and  arpe^ur, 'I turn.' Act of a
patient turning himself. Also, a relapse or return
of a disease.—Hippocrates, Foesius.
  HYPOSTYP'TIC,  Hypostyp'ticus,  from  Wo,
'under/  and  arvxpts,   'constriction.'   A feeble
astringent.
  HYI'OSYPH'ILTS,  from  W,  'under/  and
Syphilis.  A  mild form of syphilis.
  HYPOTH'ENAR, Sub'vol,,, from 'vno. 'under/
and  Stvap, ' the palm of the hand or sole of the
foot.' Hypothetiar  Em'inence. The fleshy projec-
tion of the palmar surface of the hand, which  cor-
responds with the  little finger, and is  supported
by the fifth metacarpal  bone.   This  eminence ia
formed  of four muscles: the Pnlmnris bred--.
Adductor seu  Flexor brevis minimi  digiti,  and
Opponens minimi digiti.   The name Hypothennr
has also been  given  to different  muscles of tbe
hand.  The Hypothennr minimi digiti of Riolan
comprehended  the  Abductor, Flexor brevis  and
Opponens minimi  digiti; and his muscle,  Hy-
pothennr  pollicis,  corresponded to the Abductor
a.nd  a portion  of the  Flexor brevis pallid';
Winslow called the Adductor minimi digiti, mus-
cle petit hypothinnr ou hypothennr  dn petit doigt.
  Hypothenar Minimi Digiti,  Flexor parvus
minimi digiti — b. Minor metacarpeus, Abductor
minimi digiti—h. Riolani, Flexor parvus minimi
digiti.
  HYPOTHETON. Suppository.
   HYPOTHYMIAMA, Fumigation.
  HYPOTHYMIASIS, Fumigation.
  HYPO'TIUM, (Emplastrum;) from '■.-:. 'un-
der/ and ovs, 'the ear.' Emplas'trum uwieul,,'',<  ,
a plaster applied behind or under the ear.
  HYPOTROPHE, Relapse.
  HYPOTROPH'IA,  Ilypolrophy,  from   'vno,
'under/ and r^ioipn, 'nourishment.'   Scanty nour-
ishment or nutrition.   Atrophy.
   HYPOTROPIASMUS,  Relapse.
   HYPOTRYGUS. Feculent.
   HYPOUCANNA, Ipecacuanha. 
IIYPOUTRION             485       H YSTERO-CYSTOCELE
  HYPOUTRION, Abdomen.
  HY POX EM IE, Asphyxia.
  HYPOX'YS ERECTA, Stargrass; from 'vno,
 'beneath/and a£vs, 'sharp/ because the pod  is
 acute at the  base [?] ; indigenous;  Order, Ama-
 ryllidace;c.   The root is eaten, and has been used
 as a vulnerary ; and in chronic ulcers and agues.
   HYPOZO'MA, from 'vno, 'under/ and ^urvvvpt,
 ' I bind round ;' .Membrana sitccin'gens.   A mem-
 brane or septum, as the mediastinum, diaphragm,
 .to.
   HYPPOCRAS, Claret.
   HYPSELOGLOSSES, Basioglossus.
   II YI'SI LODES, OS, Hvo'idcs os.
   HYPSILOGLOSSUS,  Hyoglossus.
   HYPSON'OSCS, Puna.
   HYPSOPHO'N IIS,from'udof, 'high/ and tparvn,
 'voice.'  One who has a  clear high voice.
   UYPSOSIS, Sublimation.
   HYPTIASMA, Supination.
   HYPTIAS'MOS, from 'vnTiat,u>, 'I lie with the
 face upwards.'   Lying in a supine posture. Also,
 inversion of  the  stomach, as in nausea,  regurgi-
 tation, or vomiting.—Hippocrates, Galen.
   IIYPU'LUS,  from 'vno, and ovXrj,  'cicatrix.'
 Imperfectly cicatrized.
   I  leera hypu'ta.  Ulcers healed at the top, but
 not  at the bottom.
   HYRA'CEUM.  A  substance found  in  the
 Cape Colony, which Thunberg and  other travel-
 lers mistook  for a kind of bitumen ;  but, accord-
 ing  to Dr. Pappe, it is obtained from the urine of
 the  Klipdas  or  Hyrax  Capeusis, which,  when
 passed,  is thick and of a  glutinous nature.  The
 animal is in the habit of evacuating the  urine at
 one  spot, where  its  aqueous parts evaporate in
 the  sun — the more  tenacious  adhering to the
 rock and hardening.
   In smell, and  medical properties, it most re-
 sembles castor, which, according to Dr. Pappe,  it
 may replace.   It is used  by the  Cape farmers in
 nervous and  spasmodic affections.
   HYRAX CAPENSIS, see  Hyraceum.
   1IYRT0CI1EILIDES, Labia pudendi.
   HYSOPE, Hvssopus.
  HYSSOP,  Hyssopus —h. Hedge, Gratiola offi-
 cinalis.
  IIYSSOPI'TES.   Ancient name of a wine, of
 which hyssop was the chief ingredient, and which
 Dioscorides extolled in chronic  inflammation of
 the chest.  It was regarded as diuretic and em-
 menagogue.
  IIYSSO'PUS, from the Hehr. Azob, Casslala,
 Hyssopus ofiicina'lis, Common hyssop,  (F.)  Hysnpe.
 It has been  chiefly used as  an  aromatic, stimu-
 lant, and pectoral, in the  form of infusion.
  IIY ST ERA,  'varepa,  'uartpn,  'the  uterus.'
 Hence:
  Hvstera,  Secundines.
  HYSTERAL'GIA, Hysterodyn'ia, (F.) For-
 traitnre, from  'varepa, ' the  uterus.' and aXyos,
 'pain.'  Pain  in the uterus.  Irritable uterus, (F.)
 A'ecralgie de  lutirits.  Hippocrates uses the epi-
 thet llysteral'ges, varcpaXyns, for any thing that ex>
 cites uterine pain ; and, especially, [?] for vinegar.
  Hysteralgia Catarrhalis, Metrorrheuma —
 h. Galactica,  Phlegmatia alba dolens — h. Lochi-
 alis,  Dyslochia—h. Rheumatica,  Metrorrheuma.
  HYSTERAPOPNIXIS, Angone.
  II  YSTERATRE'SIA,  Atretome'tria, from
 'varepa.  'the  uterus,' and  uTpnros,  'imperforate.'
 Imperforation of the os uteri.
  HYSTERELCO'SIS, from 'varepa, 'uterus/and
'i\kos, 'an ulcer.'  U'teri exulcera'tio, U'teri ulcus.
Ulceration of  the uterus.
  HYSTERELOSrS, Hysteroloxia.
  HYSTEREMPHYSEMA. Physometra.
  HYSTE'RIA, //. vqgu, Hystericis'mus,Hysteris-
 mus, Hystirias, Hysteri'asis, Hysteropathr'a, Hy-
 percine'sm uterina seu hyste'ria. Uteri ac/sceil-
 sns, Sufi oca'tio hysterica seu uterina seu mulie'-
 rum, Asthma  u'teri,  Prafoca'tio matrlcis  seu
 uterina, Syspa'sin  hysteria. Malum hyster'icum
 seu hysterico-hypochonilri'acum, Vapo'res uteri'ni,
 Aff'ec'tio seu Passio hyster'icn, 3/orbns hystericus,
 Strangula'tio  uterina seu  Vulva, Vapours, Hys-
 ter'ics.  Hysteric  fit, 3Iother,  (F.) Hyetir/'e,  3lal
 de 31ere, 3Ialadie imaginaire, Passion hystiriqtte,
 Suffocation uterine, Etrauglement, Epilepsie uti-
 rine, Vapcurs, 3Iaux de Nerfs, from 'varepa,  ' the
 uterus.'   A species  of neurosis, classed amongst
 the spasmi by Sauvages and Cullen, and in  the
 A'iuroses de la giniration, by Pinel.  It received
 the name of  hysteria, because it was reputed to
 have its seat  in  the uterus.   It generally occurs
 in paroxysms; the principal characters of which
 consist in alternate fits  of laughing and crying,
 with a sensation as if a ball set out from   the
 uterus and ascended towards the stomach, chest,
 and neck, producing a sense of strangulation.  If
 the attack be  violent, there is, sometimes, loss of
 consciousness (although the presence of conscious-
 ness generally distinguishes it from epilepsy) and
 convulsions.  The duration of the attacks is very
 variable.  It  appears to  be dependent upon  irre-
 gularity of nervous  distribution in  very impres-
 sible persons, and is not confined  to the female;
 for well-marked cases of hysteria are occasionally
 met with in men. During the fit,—dashing cold
 water on the face, stimulants applied to  the nose,
 or exhibited internally, and antispasmodics,  form
 the therapeutical agents.  Exercise, tranquillity
 of mind, amusing and agreeable occupations con-
 stitute the prophylactics.   See Mania, dancing.
   Hysteria Cataleptica, Catalepsy — h. Vaga,
 Hysteria.
   HYSTERIAS, Hysteria.
   HYSTERIASIS, Hysteria.
   HYSTERICA, see Hysterical.
   HYSTER'ICAL, Hyster'icus, Va'ponrish,  Vcl-
 ponring, (F.)  Hystirique.  Same etymon as  hys-
 terical.   Relating to or affected with hysteria.
   The word hysterica was  used  by Martial for a
 female affected with  nymphomania or with strong
 sexual desires.
   HYSTERICISMUS, Hysteria.
  HYSTERICS,  Hysteria.
  HYSTER IE,  Hysteria.
  HYSTERISMUS, Hysteria.
  HYSTERITES, Hydrometra.
  HYSTERITIS, Metritis, Hydrometra,
  HYSTEROCARCINOMA, Metrocarcinoma.
  HYSTEROCE'LE, from 'varepa, 'the womb/
 and KnXn,  'hernia,'  3Ietroce'le, Hcr'nia  u'teri,
 Hernia of the icomb.  This is a rare disease.   The
 womb may protrude through the inguinal or the
 crural canal,  or  through the lower part of  the
 linea alba.
  Hvsterocele Nuda, Prolapsus  uteri.
  HYSTEROCOLICA. Colica uterina.
  HYSTEROCNES'MUS. from 'varepa, 'uterus/
 and Kvrjapos, 'itching.'  Pruritus of the uterus or
 genitals.
  HYSTEROCRANIUM, Occiput.
  HYSTEROCYESIS, Pregnancy.
  HYS'TERO-CYSTIC,  Hys'terocys'ticns,  from
'varepa,  'the uterus/ and kvotis,  'the bladder.'
 Relating to the uterus and bladder.  Some  au-
thors have called Hystero-cystic Retention of urine,
t-Rat which is  caused by  the compression of  the
bladder by the uterus, during pregnancy.
  HYSTERO-CYSTOOE'LE, from 'varepa, 'the
womb,' kvotis,  'the bladder,' and KnXn, 'a tumour.
Hernia of the  uterus complicated with displace-
ment of tbe bladder. 
HYSTERODYNIA           486                IATRINE
  HYSTERODYNIA, Hvsteralgia.
  IIYST ERCEDEM A. Hydrometra.
  HYS'TEROID, Hystero'des, Hysteroi'des, from
'hysteria,' and abos,  'resemblance.'  Resembling
hysteria;—as a hysteroid disease, symptom, <tc.
  HYSTEROL'OGY, Hysterolotf'ia, from 'varepa,
'the uterus,' and Xoyos, 'a description.'  A trea-
tise on tbe sound and morbid uterus.
  HYSTEROLOX'IA, Hysterelo'sis, Obliq'uitas
seu Situs obllquns  uteri,  Flexio seu  Versio in-
cornple'ta  seu  Inclina'tio  uteri,  dlctrolox'ia, 3/e-
troeamps'is, 3letroscolio'ma, Uterus obllquns seu
IucUna'tits; from 'varepa, 'the uterus/ and Aofos,
'oblique.'   An  oblique position of the uterus,
occurring  during pregnancy.  Anteversion  of the
uterus,  Hysterolox'ia  anterior,  Anteversio  seu
Prona'tt'o  uteri, Venter propendens; and Retro-
version  of  the  uterus, Hysterolox'ia  posterior,
Retrover-'sio uteri,  Refiex'io uteri eompleta, are
varieties.
  HYSTEROMALA'CIA, Hysteromalaco'sis, Ily-
steromalaco'ma, 31 etromalaco'sis, 3Ietromalaco'ma,
3Ialaco'sis uteri,  Emollil'ies uteri morbosa, Pu-
trescen'tia u'teri grav'idi, from 'varepa, 'the ute-
rus/  and  paXaKta,  'softness.'   Softness  of the
uterus during pregnancy, which  renders it liable
to rupture in labour.
  HYSTEROMALACOMA, Hysteromalacia.
  HYSTEROMANIA, Nymphomania.
  HYSTEROMETER, see Sound, uterine.
  HY'STEROMOCHLIUM, Lever.
  HYSTERON'CUS, from  'varepa,  'the uterus/
nnd oyKos, 'tumour.'  3Ietron'cus, Hysterophy'ma,
31etroj>hyma, Tumor uteri.  A  tumour of  the
uterus.
  HYSTERO-PARAL'YSIS./Tysferojo/p'^mTrom
'varepa,  'the uterus/ and napaXvats, 'paralysis.'
Paralysis of the uterus.
  IIYSTEROPATHI'A, from 'varepa.  'the ute-
rus/ and naQos, 'suffering.'  Disease or suffering
in the  uterus.   Also, hysteria, and  deutero-
pathia.
  HYSTEROPHYMA. Hysteroncus.
  HYSTEROPHYSE, Pbysometra.
  HYSTEROPH'YSIS, from  'varepa,  'the ute-
rus,' and tfniari, 'wind.'  Distension of the uterus
with air;  Emphyse'inn u'teri.
  HYSTEROPLEGIA, Hysteroparalysis.
  UYSTEROPNIX. Angone.
  HYSTEROPOLYPUS,  Metropolypus.
  IIYSTEROPSOPHIA, Physometra.
  HYSTEROPTO'SIS, from 'varepa, 'the womb,'
and nrurtrts, 'fall;' Prolapsus uteri. Also, Inversio
   IAMA, Medicament.
   IAMATOLOGYr, Materia medica.
   IAxMATOSYNTAXIOLOGIA,  see   Prescrip-
tion.
   IAMATOSYNTAXIS. see Composition.
   IAMATOTAXIOLOGIA, see Prescription.
   IASIMOS. Curable.
   IASIS, Curntion.
   IATERIA, Medicina.
   IATERIUS, Medicinal.
   IATRALEIP'TICE, latraliptice (Ars), latr*-
leiptic or Tatralip'tic method; from  tarpos,  'a
physician/ and aXeaj,u>, 'I anoint.'  The method
of treating diseases adopted by the Iatraleptes,—
that is, bv friction chiefly.
  IATRALEP'TES,  latraleip'tes,  Iatralip'ta,
uteri, Anas't.-ophe  uteri.   In a general  sense, a
protrusion of any part of the genital organs or of
excrescences from them into the genital passages ■
jEdti/ito'sis.
   Hysteroptosis, Prolapsus uteri — h. Vu<*in;e
prolapsus, Prolapsus vagina;.
   IIYSTERORRIIAGIA  SANGUINEA,  Me-
trorrhagia.
   HYSTERORRHEXIS, Uterus, rupture of the
   HYSTERORRHffiA,  Metrorrhagia — h. Mu-
cosa, Leucorrhu'a.
   HYSTEROSALPINX, Tube, Fallopian.
   HYSTEROSCIRRHUS, Metroscirrhus.
   HYS'TEROSCOPE, from  •vartpu, 'the uterus,'
and ffk-urruu, 'I view.'  A metallic mirror, used  in
inspecting the  state of the os uteri for throwing
the rays of a taper  to the bottom of the speculum
uteri.—Colombat de l'L-ere.
   IIYSTEROSPASM'US,   from   'vanpa,  'the
womb/ and anaapos, ' spasm.'  Spasm of the ute-
rus.  Also, hysterical spasm.
   HYSTEROSTOMA, Os uteri.
   HYSTEROSTOMAT'OMUS, from 'varepa,< the
womb/ aropa, 'orifice,' and repvetv, 'to cut.'  An
instrument invented by Coutouly for dividing tho
os uteri,  when it is important to deliver immedi-
ately, as in cases of convulsions.
   HYSTEROSTOMIUM, Os uteri.
   HYSTEROSYNIZESIS, Metrosynizesis.
   HYSTEROTOME, Hysterotomus.
   HYSTEROTOM'IA, Hysterotomy.  Same ety-
mon as Hysterotomus.  Cassarean section.  Also,
dissection of the uterus.
   HYSTEROTOMOTOCIA,  Cassarean section.
   HYSTEROT'OMUS, Hysterotome, Metrolomus,
3Ie'trotorne, from 'varepa, 'the womb/ and rtpvitv,
'to cut.'  An instrument for dividing tbe womb
through  the  vagina.  It is  a kind of Bistouri
cachi, and is  intended to divide the cervix and
os uteri,—Hysterostomalomits.
   HYSTEROTRISM'US,  from   'varepa,  'the
womb/ and rpt$u>, 'I gnash.'   Spasmodic contrac-
tion of the uterus, especially  of its mouth.
   HYSTREMPHYSEMA, Physometra.
   HYSTRIASIS,  Hystriciasis.
   HYSTRICI'ASIS, Hystrlasis, Hys'trix, Hys-
tricis'runs,  Cerostro'sis, Tricho'sis settr'sn, from
'varpt^, 'varpi%os,  'a hedgehog or porcupine.'   A
disease of the hairs, in which they stand erect
like the quills of the porcupine.
   HYSTRICISMUS, Hystriciasis.
   HYSTRIX, Hystriciasis.
   11 YVES, Hives.
9Tatroleip'tes,  3Ted'iats Unguenta'rius.  One  who
 treats diseases by unguents, frictions* and by ex-
 ternal means generally.   Prodicus, a disciple of
 ^Esculapius, was the chief of the Iatraleptes.
   IATRALIPTES, Iatraleptes.
   IATRALIPTICE, Iatraleiptice.
   IATREUSIOLOG"IA, from tarpevats, 'the ex-
 ercise of the art of healing/ and  Xoyos,  'a de-
 scription.'  The doctrine of the exercise of the
 healing art.—Reil.
   IATREUSIS.  The exercise of the healing art.
   IATRIA, Medicina.
   IATRICE, Medicina.
   IATRICUS,  Medical;  see Digitus.
   IATRI'NE, Medicina.  Also, a female  practi-
 tioner of medicine j a midwife.
I. 
I AT III ON
487
ICTERUS
  IATRT'ON, tarpetov, lat re'on,  lii'tron, Tetri'on,
3ledicatrlna.   The house or office of a physician
or surgeon.   Also,  the  physician's fee or hono-
rarium.
  IATROCHEMIA. Chymiatria.
  IATROOIIYMIA, Chymiatria.
  IATROGNO.M'IOA,/<i/rory>io;M'»ee ; from tarpos,
•a physician,'and ytvuraxur,  'I know.'   A know-
ledge of medical objects.—Hufeland.
   I AT RO LEI PT ES,  Iatraleptes.
   IATR0LOG"IA,  tatrology,  from  tarpos,  'a
physician/ and Xoyos,  'a description.'   A  treatise
on physic and physicians.
   IATROMAN'TTS,  from  tarpos, 'a physician.'
and  uuvTitu, 'divination.'  A physician who is a
soothsayer.
   IATRO-MATI1EMATICAL   PHYSICIANS,
Iatroinuthemut'ici.  Mechanical  physicians.
   IATROMECIIANICI, Mechanical physicians.
   IATRON, latrion.
   lATRnPHYSICS,  Physics, medical.
   IATROS, Iatrus.
   IATROSOPIIIS'TA, from tarpos, 'a physician/
 and ooiptarns,  'one skilled  in an art or science.'
 A learned, or thoroughly educated physician.
   IATROTECH'NA, latrote'eh'ues; from larpns,
 'a physician/ and reXvn, 'art.'  A practical phy-
 Bician or surgeon.
   1ATR0TECHNICE. Medicina, Therapeutics.
   IATRUS, Iatros, Physician;  also, a surgeon.
   IRERIS, Lepidium iberis.
   Ibe'rIS Ama'ra, Bitter candytuft, (F.) Passe-
 rage,  from  Iberia, where  it  is indigenous.   A
 smh.ll herbaceous plant, Ord. Cruciferas, indigen-
 ous  in Europe, which  was  employed, of old,  in
 gout,  rheumatism, &c.   The  seeds have  been
 used, in the dose of one to three grains, in asthma,
 bronchitis,  dropsy, and hypertrophy of the heart.
 It is said to possess acro-narcotic properties; but
 it is not much used.
   Ideuis Bursa Pastoris, Thlaspi  bursa — i.
 Campcstris, Thlaspi  campestre—i. Sophia, Car-
 damine pratensis.
   IllieUIBA, Bccuiba, Becttiba nux.   A species
 of nut from Brazil, the emulsive kernel of which
 is ranked amongst balsamic remedies.
   IBIS, tfits.   A bird held  sacred  by the Egyp-
 tians.  When sick, it is asserted that it was wont
 to inject the water of the Nile into its fundament:
 whence, according to Langius, was learned the
 use of irlvsters.
   IBISCTIA MISMALVA, Althaea.
   IIHSCUS, AlthiBa.
   IIHXUMA, Saponaria.
   ICE, Sax. if, Ghlcies, Frozen water, (F.) Glace.
 Iced water  is  much  used internally, as  the best
 refrigerant  in  fever.   It is, also, applied exter-
 nally, in cases of external  inflammation, as well
 as in phrenitic and hernial  affections,  Ac, in the
 form of the ice-cap and ice-cataplasm or ice-poul-
 tice ; formed  by  half filling  a  bladder  with
 pounded  ice.
   ICE-CAP. see Ice.
   ICE-COLD. Icy cold, (F.) Froid glacial.   A
 very strong morbid sensation  of cold, compared
 by tbe patient to that  which would be produced
 by the application of pieces of  ice.
   ICE-POULTICE,  see Ice.
   ICELAND, MINERAL  WATERS OF.  Hot
 springs are found in every part of Iceland.  The
 most noted of these is one  called Geyser, two
 days' journey from  Hecla,  and near Skalholt.
 The diameter of the basin is  59 feet;  and  the
 height to which the water is thrown is  often more
 than 100.   The heat of the water is 212°.
   ICE-PLANT,  Mesembryanthemuin crystalli-
 nuin. Monotropa uniflora.
   ICIINOS, i%vos. Thefoot.  The sole of  the foot,
 Tbe heel.
  ICHOR, tx<*P> Tchos.  The serum of the blood,
Sanies,  Sorties,  Virus,  Pus  malig'num,  Tabum.
A thin, aqueous, and acrid discharge.
  ICHOROIDES,  Ichorous.
  ICH'OROUS,  Ichoro'sus, Ichoroi'dcs,  Sanio'-
8»8, Selnious, (F.)  Ichoreux, Sanieux.  Belonging
to or resembling ichor.
  ICHOS, Ichor.
  ICHTHYA, Hook, blunt,
  ICHTHYOCOL'LA.from tX^s, tX$vos, 'a fish/
and  KoXXa,  ' glue.'  Colla Pis'cium, 1'sinqlass,
Fish-glue, (F.) Ichthyocolle, Co/le de Poisson.  A
name given  to the dried  swimming bladder  or
sound of  Adpenser  huso,  and other species  of
acipenser, which is almost wholly composed  of
gelatin, and is employed  in medicine in  the for-
mation of nutritive jellies.  It is,  also, occasion-
ally used in anatomical  injections.   The  English
Court Plaster is made with  it.  In Russia,  the
Acipenser is not tbe only  genus from which isin-
glass is procured ;  it is  also obtained from  Si hi-
nts Glanis, which  Dr. Royle suggests to be  the
source of the Snmovy or Smnovy Isinglass of com-
merce.  The sounds of the cod, ling, hake, &c.,
yield it.  From these itis made in  New England;
and, in England, is termed AV-io York Isinglass.
  ICIITIIYOPII'AGISTS,  Ichthyopllngi, from
tX5vs, tX$vos, ' a fish/ and tpnyur, ' I eat.'   People
who feed  habitually on fish;—generally the most
uncivilized of mankind.
  ICHTHYOPHAGOUS, Piscivorous.
  IC11TI1 YOSE,  Ichthyosis.
  ICHTHYOSIS, from  i^vV  iX$<">s,  'a fish/
from the  resemblance of  tbe scales to those of a
fish.  Lejiido'sis,  Ichthyi'asis, L. Ichthyo'sis, Le-
pra Tchthyo'sis, Alvaras nigra (Arab.), Impetigo
exeorticati'va, (F.) Ichthyose; Fishskin, Porcu-
pine Disease.  A  permanently harsh, dry, scaly,
and, in some cases, almost horny texture  of tbe
integuments of  the body, unconnected with  in-
ternal  disorder.  Willan and Bateman have two
varieties,  1.  simplex and  /. cornea.   Alibert  has
three,  the /. nacrie or pearly, the /. ctrrnie, and
the /. pellagre or  Pellagra.
  Ichthyosis Pellagra,  Pellagra.
  Ichthyosis Sep.a'cea,  Seba'ceons  Ichthyo'sis.
A morbid incrustation  of a concrete subaceous
substance upon the surface of the  epidermis, con-
founded,  according to Mr. E. Wilson, with ich-
thyosis, to which  it bears a  close resemblance.
In  many  cases there is neither redness nor heat,
nor is the affection often  accompanied by consti-
tutional symptoms.
  ICHTHYOTOXTCUM, from tX3vs. tXSvos, 'a
fish/ and  to^ikov,  'a  poison;'  Idlthyus,  fish
poison.
  ICHTHY'US, Icbtbyotoxicum.
  I'CICA ARACOUCHI'NI.   Aracouchiui is a
balsam, extracted by incision  from  this tree in
Guyana.   The Galibis use it for healing wounds.
   Icica Icicariba, see Amyris elemifera.
   ICTAR, Vulva.
   ICTERE, Icterus — ?. Bleu, Cyanopathy — ?.
des  Nouveau-nes,   Icterus  infantum—i.  Noire,
Mehena.
   ICTERIC, Ictericus.
   ICTERIC  FEVER,  REMITTING,  see  Re-
lapse.
   ICTERICIE, Icterus.
   ICTERICUS, Antiicteric.  Also, relating to, or
rembling  Icterus; Ic'terie,  Ictero'i'des,  Ictero'-
des, (F.)  Ictirique.
   ICTERITIA ALBA, Chlorosis—i. Fiava, Icte-
rus—i. Rubea, Erysipelas—i. Rubra, Erysipelas.
   ICTERODES. Ictericus.
   ICTERUS, /.  flavus seu vents,  from iktis, a
species of weasel, whose eyes are yellow [?]. (Urtpoj
meant, with the ancients, a yellow bird, perhaps
 the Oriole;) 3Iorbus arcua'tus seu  arqua'tus, Lcsc- 
ICTODES  FCETIDUS         488           IGNATIA  AMARA
nli morbus (Paracelsus), Aurilgo, Auri'go, Mor-
bus regius seu hite'olus, Cholelitllia icterus, Cho-
liha'mia,  Choice'mia, Cholopla'nia, Cholo'sis. Der-
mntocholo'sis, Sitjfu'sio anrigiuo'sa seu fellis seu
bilis, Icteritia fiava,  Ileus fiavns seu ictero'ides,
Cachex'ia icter'ica, Fellis sttfi'u'sio seu obstruv'tio
seu  Superfn'sio,  Bilious  Uys'crasy, Jaundice,
Yellows,  Janders,  Jannders,  (Sc.)   Gulsehoch,
(Prov.) Jonas,  (F.)  Ictere,  Ictiricie,  Jannisse,
Bile ripandue.   A disease, the principal symptom
of which is yellowness of the skin and eyes, with
white feces and  high-coloured urine.  It admits
of various causes; in fact, anything which can
directly or indirectly obstruct the course  of the
bile, so that it is taken into the mass of blood and
produces  the yellowness of surface  ; — the bile
being separated by the kidneys, causes yellowness
of urine, and its being prevented from reaching the
intestine occasions the pale-coloured  faeces.  The
prognosis, in ordinary cases, is favourable ;—when
complicated  with  hepatic disease, unfavourable.
The treatment is  simple : — an emetic or purga-
tive, given occasionally so as to elicit the  return
of the  bile to its ordinary channels ; light tonics ;
unirritating diet; cheerful company, <fcc.
   Icterus Albus, Chlorosis.
   Icterus  Infan'tum, /.  A'eonato'rnm, Neotoc-
iclerits.Padiclerus, Auri'go neophyto'rum,  Yellow
gum, Yellow gown, (F.) Ictere des nonvean-nis, is a
common affection, and frequently dependent upon
obstruction of the choledoch duct by the meco-
nium.   It requires  time; and  castor  oil,  occa-
sionally.
   Icterus  Melas,  Mebcna — i. Neonatorum, I.
infantum—i. Niger, Melaena.
   Icterus  Saturni'nus, Lead jaundice.   The
earthy-yellow hue in saturnine cachexy.
   Icterus  Vir'idis,  Green  jaundice.   Icterus
when the skin  is of a green or olive hue.
   ICTODES FffiTIDUS, Dracontium fcetidum.
   ICTUS.  'A stroke or blow;' Plege, Plaga.
Ictus salt's, a stroke of the sun.   See Coup de so-
ldi.  Ictus,also, means the pulsation of an artery,
and the sting of a bee or other insect.
   Ictus,  Blow—i. Cordis, see Heart—i. Cordis et
nrteriarum, Pulse — i.  Sanguinis, Apoplexy — i.
Solis,  Coup de soldi.
   IDE'A, ld'ea, Ido'lum, Ideach [?  Paracelsus],
(F.) Idie, from eibur, 'I see.'  The image or re-*
presenfation of an object in the mind.
   Idea.  Fixed  or  Predominant,  ld'ea fixa,
Ideopeg'ma. Tension of the mind on one notion ;
often observed in insanity.
   Id'ea Morbi.  Knowledge or idea  of a disease.
   IDEACH. Idea.
   IDEAGENOUS,  Sentiment.
   IDE'AL, Idea'lis.   Mental,  notional, fancied.
   31orbi  ideales.  Ideal  diseases.   Diseases  of
the imagination.
   IDEA'TION, Idea'tio, from ' idea.' The estab-
lishment of a distinct mental representation or
idea of an object.
   IDEE, Idea.
   IDEN'TITY  (PERSONAL), Iden'titas, from
idem,  ' the  same.'  Sameness.   It is  sometimes a
question  in legal medicine to decide upon per-
sonal identity: that  is, whether an individual be
the same he represents himself to be.  Physical
marks form the great criteria.
   IDEOL'OGY,  Ideolotf'ia,  from ttbut,  'I see/
nnd Xoyos, 'a discourse.'  The  science  of ideas.
Intellectual philosophy.
   I'DEO-MOTOR.   A  name given  by Dr. Car-
penter to muscular movements, the result of com-
plete engrossment by an idea, which he  regards
as automatic,  although originating  in the cere-
brum.
   IDEOPEGMA, Idea,  fixed.
  IDEOSYNCH YSIE, Delirium.
  IDIANtEA, Idiotism.
  IDIAPOCAl SIS, Combustion, human.
  IDIEMPRESIS, Combustion, human.
  ID10CRAS1S, Idiosyncrasy.
  IDIOCTONIA. Suicide.
  IDIOCY. Idiotism.
  IDIO-MIASMATA. see Miasm.
  IDIOPATHIC,   Idiopathela.   Protapathla,
Pro'prius affect us, 31 orbits idiopntllicus seu pro-
prius seu primu'rius seu protopntllicus seu ori-
ginu'lis, Malum prima' rium,from tbtos, ' peculiar,
proper/ and nuiios,  'an affection.'   A primary
disease; one not depending on any other.
  IDIOPATHTC, Pro'prio hab'itn sell Constitu-
tio'ne pro'prid pendens,  Idinpatllicus, Idiop'a-
thes.  Primary affections and their symptoms are
so denominated.
  IDIOPTCY, Achromatopsia.
  IDIOPTS, see Achromatopsia.
  IDIOSYNCRASIA,  Idiosyncrasy—i. Hemor-
rhagica, Haeniatophilia—i. Olfactoria,  Parosmia.
  IDIOSYN'CRASY,  Idioc'rnsy,  Idiosyn'erasis,
Itliosyncra'sia, Idiotrop'ia,  Idiot-'rosis, Idiosyn-
cris'ia,  from  tbtos,  'peculiar/ aw, 'with,' and
Kpaais, ' tern pern meift'  A peculiarity of consti-
tution, in which  one  person is affected  by an
agent which, in  numerous others,  would produce
no  effect.   Thus, shell-fish, bitter  almonds, pro-
duce urticaria in some, by virtue of their idiosyn-
crasies.   Others faint at the sight of blood, &c.
  IDTOT,  Idio'ta,  ' foolish, stupid,  ignorant.'
Now  used  for one who is fatuous, or who does
not possess sufficient intellectual faculties for the
social condition, and for preserving himself from
danger,—Homirfaluus, (Prov.) Huh-oji, Fondling,
Hobbil.   In law, one who has been without un-
derstanding from  his birth, and whom the law
presumes to be never likely to attain any.
  IDIOTIA, Idiotism—i. Endermica, Cretinism.
  IDIOTIE, Idiotism.
  ID'IOTISM,  IdioUs'mns, Idiot I a,  ltlinnic'a,
Irnbecil-litas mentis; 3Io'ria de mens, Ana'a, 31o'-
ria, 3Ioro'sis,  3ieio'sis, Fatit'ittts,  Amen'tia, De-
men'tia natura'lis,  Stupid'itas,  Vecor'dia,  Imbe-
cillitas Ingen'ii, Id'iocy,  Id'iotcy, Futility. (F.)
Dimence inuie, Idiotisme, Idiotie,  Apsychismc.—
Piorry.   Same etymon.  A species of unsound
mind, characterized  by more or less complete ob-
literation  of the intellectual and moral faculties.
It  may supervene  on  mania and melancholia,
when it is termed Demen'tia, but more commonly
it depends upon original  conformation.  It may
also,  be symptomatic  of organic disease  of the
brain, which has come on after birth.  Idiotism
exists in various  degrees.   Some idiots are mere
automata,  exhibiting scarcely any sensibility to
external impressions;  others are capable of arti-
culating a few words, and  possess certain mental
emotions to a limited extent.  Tbe physiognomy
is usually vacant, step unsteady, and  articulation
imperfect or broken.  The  affection is almost al-
ways incurable: but it may often  be  palliated.
   IDIOTISME, Idiotism.
   IDIOTISMUS, Idiotism —i. Endemicus, Cre.
tinisin.
   IDIOTROPIA, Idiosyncrasy.
   IDOLUM, Hallucination, Idea.
   IDROSIS, Ephidrosis.
   IETRION, Iatrion.
   //', Taxus baccata.
   IFFIDES,  Plumbi subcarbonas.
   I ODE, Mortar.
   IGDIS.  Mortar.
   IGNA'TIA AMA'RA, Strychnos Igna'tii, Ig-
natia'na Philippin'ica.  Ord. Apocynaceae.  The
systematic name of the plant which  affords St.
Ignatius's  Bean, Faba  Irltlica seu Sancti Igna'-
tii seu febrifuga,  (F.) Ignatie,  Five de Saint 
IGNATIE                4S9                   ILEX
Jgnace, Noix d'Tgasnr.  The seeds are bitter and
poisonous, containing strychnia, and only appear
to differ from nux vomica in containing a larger
proportion of that alkaloid.
  IGSA TIE, Ignatia amara.
  IGNAVIA, Inertia — i. seu Ignavitas partium
genitalium,  Impotence.
  IGNIS, '  fire.'   Hence:
  Ignis Actualis, Cauterium—i. Animalis, Ani-
mal heat.
  Ignis  Cal'idus.  'A hot fire.'  A violent in-
flammation, about to degenerate into gangrene.
  Ignis Columellas, Erysipelas.
  Ignis Fiug"idus.  'A cold fire.'   Sphacelus.
  Ignis  Naturalis, Animal heat — i. Persicus,
Anthrax, Herpes zoster—i.  Philosophicus, Phos-
phorus— i.  Potentialis, see  Cauterium—i. Sacer,
 Erysipelas,  Herpes zoster — i. Sancti  Antonii,
 Erysipelas.
   Ignis  Sapien'tium. The ancient name for the
 heat of horses' dung.
   Ignis  Sylvat'icus, /. sylves'tris  seu volat'icus
 seu vohl grins, Stropll' ulits  sylves'tris seu  ml al-
 iens,  Wildfire rash, (F.) Feu sauvage ou volage,
 Flamboise.   Probably,  tbe  Porrigo larva'lis or
 Crusta lac'tea of infants.  Also, a transient red-
 ness of the  face  and neck, sometimes observed in
 hysterical and chlorotic  females.
   Ignis Sylvestris, I. sylvaticus — i. Vitalis,
 Animal  heat — i. Volagrius, I. sylvaticus—i. Vo-
 laticus, I. sylvaticus.
   IGNIVOROUS, Pyrophagus.
   IGNYE,  Poples.
   IGNYS,  Poples.
   ILAPHIS, Arctium lappa.
   ILEA, Flanks.
   ILEAC  PASSION, Ileus.
   ILEADELPH'US, from ileum, 'the ileon/ and
 abtX^iis,  ' brother.'   A double monster, united at
 the pelvis,  and below.
   ILECII,  Y'lech, I/elas. llias'tcr,  Ylia'ter, Ell-
 as'ter,  Ilias'tritm, Bel ados, Ileldos,  Tlei'adum,
 Ili'adns,   Terms used  by Paracelsus to desig-
 nate the first  matter: — the beginning of every
 thinir.
   ILEIADOS. Uech.
   ILETADUM, Ilech.
   ILETAS, Ilech.
   ILEIDOS, Ilech.
   ILEI'TIS, from  ileum, 'the intestine  ileum/
 nnd itis, a  suffix denoting inflammation.  Inflam-
  mation of the ileum.
   ILEO.   In composition,  relating  or appertain-
 ing to the ileum.
   ILEO-CIIOLOSIS, Diarrhoea, bilious.
   IL'EO-COLIC,  Ilea-co'licus.  Relating to the
 ileum and  colon :—as the ileo-colic valve or valve
  of Bauhin.
    ILEO-COLITIS, Enteritis.
   ILEO-DTCLIDITE,  see Typhus.
   ILEO-LUMBAR. Ileo-lurnba'lis, Ilio-lumba'ris.
  Belonging  to the  ilium and lumbar region.
    Ileo-lumbar Artery, Ilia-lumbar artery, 77/-
  nco-mitsntlar, (Ch.) is given off by the hypogas-
  tric, opposite the  base of the sacrum.   It ascends
 behind  the psoas  muscle, and divides  into  two
 branches:—an ascending and a transverse, which
 give off numerous ramifications to the neighbour-
 ing parts.
   Ii.ho-Lumbar Lig'ament, lUo-lumbar or Ilio-
 himbo-rer'tcbrnl ligament, Vcrtebro-iliac ligament,
 is  h  broad, memlnaniform, triangular ligament,
 extending  horizontally  from tbe  transverse  pro-
 rcss of tbe  5th lumbar vertehnv to the upper and
 posterior part of  the iliac crest.   It unites the
 vertebral column with the pelvis.
   IL'EON. Ileum,  Ellcon,  Ilium,  Intestlnum
 circumvolu'tum, from etXeiv, 'to turn/  'to twist.'
Anatomists have given this name to  tbe  longest
portion  of the  small intestine, which  extends
from  the jejunum to the caecum.  It  was so
called from  its  forming a considerable number
of convolutions.
  ILEOPYRA,  see Typhus.
  ILEOSIS,  Ileus.
  ILEO-TYPHUS, see Typhus.
  ILL'S, Flanks.
  IL'EUS. Ei'/eos, from  etXeur, 'I twist  or  con-
tract.'  Co'lica Ileus seu spasuiad'icu, Enterele'sin,
Enterelo'sis,  Ileus  spnsmnd'icns,  Chordap'sus,
Passio Iliaca, Iliac or lleac  Passion, Vol ruins,
Ileo'sis, 31isere're mei, Convolvulus, Tormen'turn,
Intercep'tio Intestino'rum, Etiterostaio'sis volvulus,
(F.) Colique  de  31isiricorde, C. de 31isiriri.  A
disease, characterized by deep-seated pain of the
abdomen, stercoraceous  vomiting, and obstinate
constipation.  It is occasioned by hernia or other
obstruction to the passage of the faeces through
a part of the intestinal canal, Enterosteuo'sis.  The
term Ileus has been applied to various affections
—to simple nervous colic, intussusception, and to
strangulation of tbe small  intestine, <fee.  Various
remedies have been employed;—the majority for
the purpose of procuring alvine evacuations,—as
purgatives, in draught, pill, or glyster;  supposi-
tories, tobacco  glysters ;  pure  mercury ;  leaden
bullets;  antispasmodics  and narcotics;  blisters
to the epigastrium ; ice by the mouth, or  injected
into the rectum.  Some  of these  have, occasion-
ally, succeeded, — especially the tobacco  glyster,
and ice to the tumour, where the disease has  been
occasioned  by  strangulated hernia.  It  is  very
dangerous.
   Ileus Flavus, Icterus — i. Icteroides,  Icterus
—i. Inflammatorius. Enteritis.
   ILEX AQUIFO'LIUM. The  systematic name
of the Common  Holly, Aqnifo'lium, Agrifo'lium,
npnos  of the ancients [?], (Prov.)  Hollen,  (Sc.)
Holyn, Hirlene,  (F.) Houx, II. commun ou Chine
rert.   Ord.  Aquifoliaceae.   The leaves   of this
plant  have been recommended  as tonic, astrin-
gent, and antiseptic, and have been prescribed in
atonic gout, intermittents, dyspepsia, &c.  II i-
cine, the active  principle, has also been advised.
It is obtained by dissolving tbe  alcoholic extract
of  the leaves of the  holly in water, and  succes-
sively treating it with the  subacetate of lead, sul-
phuric acid,  and carbonate of lime.  The filtered
and evaporated product is then dissolved  in  alco-
hol ;  and the mixture filtered and evaporated  in
shallow  vessels.
   Ilex  Cassine, Ilex vomitoria.
   Ilex  Major.  From  the berries of this  tree,
called by the Spaniards Bellotas, a juice   may be
expressed,  which  forms   a  slightly astringent
emulsion with water, and has been recommended
by some Spanish physicians in humid cough, hae-
moptysis. &c.
   Ilex Mate,  Ilex paraguensis.
   Ilex Opa'ca. American  Holly, grows through-
out the Atlantic portion of the United States.  It
is said to possess the same properties as  the Eu-
ropean variety.
   Ilex Paraguex'sts, Vibiir'nnm ladga'tiim seu
 Cassinoi'des. Cassine Perilgua seu Carolinin'nii,
 I. 3/ate; a  native of Paraguay.  It affords the
celebrated Mattee, or 31a/e, Folia Apnlaehines seu
 Pera'gna, which is drunk  in place of tbe  Chinese
tea by the people of  Paraguay.   By M. Lenohle,
of  Montevideo, the mate is referred to Psonllea
qlandulo'sa.
   ILEX  Vomito'riA,  /.  Casi'ne,  Casslna,  Da-
hoon holly,  Apalaeh'ine  Gnllis,  South-Sen^ Tea,
 Er'ergreen  Cassine,  Cnssee'nn,  Ytiiipott,  Yopnn,
(F.) Thi des Apalaches, Houx  Apnlnchine.  Apn-
Inehine,  Thi de In 31 er dn Snd.  A tree, indige-
nous in the southern parts of the United States. 
ILIA
400
ILLI
Tbe  leaves, when dried, are aromatic, stimulant,
stomachic, and  expectorant,  and are used  as  a
tea.   When fresh, they are emetic and cathartic.
  ILIA. Flanks.
  ILIAC. Iliacus,  Ilia!, (F.) lliaque, from  Ilia,
'the flanks.' Relating to,  or connected with, the
flanks.
  Iliac Arteries, Arte'ria niaca.  This  term
has been given to several arteries.  The Primary
Iliacs, (F.) A. Iliaques primitives,—Pelvicrurales,
(Ch.) arise from tbe bifurcation of tbe aorta, op-
posite the  body of the 4th lumbar vertebra, nnd
descend, in a divergent manner: until, opposite
the  sacro-iliac symphysis, they divide into two
considerable trunks,—the  internal Iliac or hypo-
gastric (which see), and the  external Iliac—Por-
tion lliaque de la  crurale, (Ch.)   This proceeds
from the sacro-iliac juncture as far as the crural
arch, when it assumes the name Femoral Artery.
Before passing under the arch  it gives off two
pretty  considerable  branches, — the  Epigastric,
and  the  Civcumjlexa  Ilii.   This  last, which  is
called, a\so,•anterior Iliac by some anatomists,—
 Circonfiexede I'lliurn (Ch.) ;  leaves tbe external
iliac at the crural arch.   It ascends along the
outer edge of the iliacus muscle, nnd divides into
two branches—an internal and an external.
   The  Iliaca Inter'na 31 inor seu Ilio lumbal'is is
a small artery, which sometimes arises from the
hypogastric; at others, from  the beginning of the
 gluteal.  It is sent, chiefly, to the psoas and ilia-
 cus internus muscles.
   Iliac Crest, Crista ll'ii, is the  upper margin
 of the ilium.  (F.)  Crete lliaque.  It is very thick.
 and  curved like the Italic S.  It affords  attach-
 ment to the broad  muscles of the abdomen.
   Iliac Fossae are two in number; the interim},
 the depression presented by the ilium on its inte-
 rior, and at the upper part in which the Iliacus
 internus is lodged :—and the external, an excava-
 tion on the outer surface of  the same bone,  occu-
 pied by the Glutai muscles.
   Iliac  Muscle. Internal.   Iliacus  internus
 3luscle, Ilincus, Ilinco-trochantirien  (Ch.)  ; Fe-
 mur inovcn'tiuin sep'tiinns. Iliac muscle, is situate
 in  the fossa iliata, and  at the anterior and  supe-
 rior part of the thigh.  It is broad, radiated, tri-
 angular; and  is attached, abm-e, to  tbe two  upper
 thirds of the fossa iliaca,  and to tbe internal part
 of tbe iliac crest:—below, it  terminates by a ten-
 don, which is common to it and the psoas mag-
 nus, and is fixed into the lesser trochanter. When
 this muscle contracts,  it bends  the pelvis on the
 thigh, and conversely.  It is also a rotator  of the
 thigh  outwards, and  prevents the trunk  from
 falling backwards.
   Iliac Passion. Ileus.
   Iliac  Regions. Regio'nes iliaca,  Inan'ia, are
 the  sides of the abdomen between  the ribs and
 the hips.
   Iliac Spines, Spinous  Proc"esses of the Ilium,
 are four in number.   They are distinguished into
 anterior and  posterior.   Of  the anterior, one is
 superior.   It bounds the crista ilii anteriorly, and
 affords origin to the sartorius muscle.   The other
 is inferior, and receives the tendinous origin  of
 the rectus femoris.
   The  two Posterior  Iliac  Spines  are divided,
 like  the   anterior,  into  superior  and  inferior.
 They afford insertion to  strong ligaments,  which
 unite the ilium with the sacrum.
   ILIACO-TROCHANTERIEN, Iliacus  inter-
 nus.
   ILIACUS,  I. internus—i. Externus, Pyramid-
 alis.
   ILIADUS, Ilech.
   ILIAL. Iliac.
   ILIASTER. Ilech.
   ILIASTRUM, Ilech.
   ILTNGOS, Vertigo.
   ILIO.  In composition, relating or appertain-
ing to the ilium.
   1L10-ABD03/INAL, Obliquus internus abdo-
minis—i. Ajionivrosi-fimoral, Fascia lata niusclo
— i. Costal, Quadratus kunboruni — /. Cnsti-tibial,
Sartorius — i. Femoral, Coxo-feinornl— i. Hypo.
gastricus (nervus), Musculo-cutaneous nerve, su-
perior — i. Inguinal,  Musculo-cutaneous nerve,
inferior—?'.  Ischii-trochantirien, Gluticus mini.
mus — i. Lomho-costo-abdominul,  Obliquus in-
ternus  abdominis — i. Lumhalis, Ileo-luinbar, see
Iliac arteries—?'. Lumbi-costal, Quadratus luinbo-
rum—i. Lumbo-vertebral  ligament, lleo-luiiibar-
ligament.
   IL'IO-PECTINE'A.  Reti-pectinml,  belonging
to the ilium  and to the pectcn or pubis. '
   Ilio  Pectineal Eminence is  so  called from
being formed by the junction of the ramus of the
ilium with that of the  pubis.  It affords attach-
ment to the  psoas minor.
   Ilio-Pectinea Lin'ea, Linea iunomina'ta,  is
the projecting line or ridge of the ilium and pu-
bis, which forms part of the brim of the pelvis.
   ILIO-PRETIBIAL, Sartorius.
   Ilio-Pso'1'tis,  from  Ilium,  'the  ilion/  tlons,
 'the loins/ and itis,  denoting inflammation,  in-
 flammation of the ilium and psoas muscle.
   ILIO-PUBO-COSTO-ABD03I1NA L,  Obli-
 quus externus abdominis—/. llotulien, Rectus fe-
 moris—i. Sacral, Sacro-iliuc — i. Sacral artiiula-
 tion. Sacroiliac articulation — i. Sucrn-fiiiiorul,
 Glut.cus major — i. Scrotal nerve, Musculo-cuta-
 neous,  superior— i.  Trochantirien,  Glutieus ine-
 dius—)'. Trochantirien petit, Glutseus minimus.
   IL'ION,  Ilium, Ileum,  Haunch  bone.   The
 largest of the three bones which constitute the
 os innominatum in the foetus and child.   It was
 probably so called from  its  seeming to  support
 the intestine ilion ; or, perhaps, because its crest
 is curved  upon itself,  from  eiXeur, 'I twist/ 'I
 roll.'   This  portion of  the  os innominatum  is
 usually so called in the adult.  The posterior
 surface is  called Dorsum,  the internal Venter.
 The upper  semicircular  edge  is  the Crista  or
 Sjriue, at the  anterior part  of which is the ante-
 rior and superior spinous process;  and, helow,
 the anterior and inferior spinous process. At the
^ back part of the spine are two spinous processes,
 the posterior and superior, and posterior and in-
 fierior.  See Iliac.
    ILITHYTA, EtXetdvia, Litci'na, Juno Lucinn.
 The goddess  who  presided  over parturient fe-
 males, with the Greeks and Romans.
    ILIUM. Ileum, Ilion.
    IL'KESTON,  MINERAL WATERS OF.
 Ilkeston is  in Derbyshire,  England, about eight
 miles  from Nottingham.  Tbe water  contains
 carbonates of lime and soda, chloride of  calcium,
 sulphate of magnesia, sulphate of soda, carbonic
 acid, sulphohydrie acid, and a little iron.
    ILL, Sick.
    ILLACRYMATIO, Epiphora.
    ILLECEBRA, Sedum — i. Major, Sedum tele-
 phium.
    ILLECEBRUM POLYGONOIDES. Acbyran-
 thes repens—i. Yermiculnre,  Sedum.
    ILLEGITIMATE,  Illegilimus,  from  il,  in,
 'negation  or  opposition/ and  legitituus, 'legiti-
 mate:' from  lex, legr's,  'law.'  Bastard.   'lhat
 which is contrary to law: which has not the con-
 ditions required by law.  as an illegitimate birlh
 —one out of  wedlock ; base-born, love-begot, love-
 child.
    Illegitimate or Bastard  is also applied  to
 diseases—as fevers, whose progress  is anomalous.
 See False.
    ILLI, see Strabismus. 
ILLICIUM  ANISATUM        49
1
IMPETIGO
  ILLICIUM ANISA'TUM, from  illicere, ' to I
llllure.'   Yelloio-fiowcred  Anise, An'iseed  Tree,
Star Anise, Ani'sum stelhltum  seu Sinen'se, Se-
van  Badittn, (F.) Anis  de  la  Chine,  A. itoili,
RtttUane.  Ord. Magnoliaceae.  Sex. Syst.  Poly-
andria Polygynia.  The seeds  are used like the
aniseed.  The same tree is supposed  to furnish
the aromatic bark,  called Cortex Anisi Stella'ti,
Cortex Larolu.
  Illicium Anisatum is  said to furnish much of
the so called  Oil of Anise, used  in the United
States.
  Illicium  Florida'num, Flovida Anise  Tree,
Star Anise, Sweet Laurel.  An  evergreen shrub,
the bark, leaves, Ac, of which have a spicy odour
like anise, and might be used for it.
  Illicium  Parviflo'rum, a shrub  of the hilly
regions of Georgia, and Carolina,  has a flavour
closely resembling that of sassafras root.
  ILLIDES, see  Strabismus.
  ILLINITIO, Inunction.
  ILLISIO, Enthlasis.
  ILLITIO, Inunction.
  ILLITUS, Inunction.
   ILLNESS, Disease—i. Monthly, see Menses.
   ILLOS, Eye, see Strabismus.
   ILLO'SIS, I/o'sis,  from  tXXos,  'squinting.'
 Distortion of the  eyes.   Strabismus.
   ILLUSIO SENS US, Hallucination.
   ILLUSION, Hallucination.
   ILLUTAMENTUM, see Illutatio.
   ILLUTA'TIO, from  il, in, 'upon/and latum,
 'mud.'   A word  used, by the ancients, for the
 act of covering any part of the body  with mud,—
 iUntainen'tiim—with therapeutical  views.
   ILOSIS, Illosis.
   IM.   In  composition, generally means  the
 same as in; occasionally,  however, it has the
 privative sense of un.
   I M A  0 I N A ' T I 0 N, Imagina'tio, Figura'tio,
 Phanta'sia,  Dinnoe.'ma, from  imago,  imnginis,
 ' image.'  The faculty of forming in  the mind an
 assemblage  of images and combinations of ideas
 which are not always in connexion with external
 objects.
   131 PALSA MA TION, Embalming.
   IMBECIL'ITY,  Imbecillitits, Stupid'itns, He-
 betu'do  an'imi,  Oligopsych'ia, (F.)  Imbicilliti.
 Weakness,  especially  of the  intellect; incohe-
 rencv ;  Imbecil/itas mentis.
   IMI5ECILLIS, Infirm.
   IMBECILLITAS IN GENU, Idiotism, Imbe-
 cility— i. Mentis, Idiotism, Imbecility — i. Ven-
 triculi, Gastcrasthenia.
   IMBELLIS AD  VENEREM, Frigid.
   IMBER'BIS,  Imber'bus,  Agendas,  Apo'gnn,
 from ?»i, in, ' negation/ and barba, 'beard.'  One
 devoid of beard.
   IMRIBITIO, Absorption, Imbibition.
   IMBIBIT"ION,  Imbibil'io, Emp'osis, Aspira-
 tion,  from imbibere  (in, and bibere), ' to drink, to
 imbibe.'   Tbe action,  by which a body becomes
 penetrated by a liquid.   See Endosmose.  Many
 of  the  phenomena of absorption are owing to
 imbibition.
   Imbibition, Double,  Endosmose.
   IMBOWELLING. Exenterismus.
   IMBREX NARIUM, Septum narium.   -
   IMBRICARIA SAXATILIS, Lichen saxatilis.
   IMMERSES, Subscapularis  muscle.
  IM'MINENCE, Imminen'tia, from immineo (im,
nnd mineo),  ' to  hang  over.'   Staying  over, or
upon; impending.   Some authors  have  desig-
nated, by this term, the period which precedes
the invasion of a disease; when  certain indica-
tions  foretell its approach.
  IM3IINENCE 310RBIDE, Diathesis, Predis-
position.
  IMMISSIO CATHETERIS, Catheterismus.
  IMMISSOR, Catheter.
  IMMOBILITAS, Acinesia—i. Pupillae, Amau-
rosis.
  IMMODERANTIA, Intemperance.
  IMMODERATIO, Intemperance.
  IMMOYABLE APPARATUS, see Apparatus,
immovable.
  IMMUTANS, Alterative.
  IMPACTED, Wedged.
  IMPACTION, Impac'tio, from impingere (in,
and  pangere,  pactum, 'to drive in'),  'to strike
against/ ' a collision.' A fracture of the cranium,
ribs, or sternum, with depression of some  of the
fragments.and projection  of  others  externally.
See Ecpiesma.
  IMPA'TIENS BALSAMI'NA, Balsam  weed,
Touch-me-not.  Ord.  Balsaminaceae.   This  pro-
bably  resembles the other  species in its  pro-
perties.
  Impa'tiens  Fui.VA and I. Pal'lida, Touch-
me-not, Jewel  weed. Balsam weed, Slippers,  Cel-
andine, Quick-in-the-haiid. Weath'ercoeks, Snap-
ureed;  called  from the sudden bursting of the
pods  when touched.  Indigenous plants, having
tender, juicy,  almost  transparent  stems,  and
yellow flowers, which appear in July and August.
It is found in  low, moist ground, in every part of
the Union.  The properties are probably the same
as those of
  Impa'tiens NoLi-ME-TAN'GEREof Europe, which
has an acrid taste, and acts as an emetic, cathar-
tic, and diuretic.
  IMPATIENTIA VESICA, Cysterethismus.
  IMPEDIMENTUM,  Empbragma.
  131 PER A TOIRE, Imperatoria.
  IMPERATO'RIA,  /.  Ostnlthinm, Sell num.
ostrit'thium sen Irnperato'ria, Angelica officina'Us,
Astruthiiim, Ostruthiitm, Astran'tia, Magi st mil-
tia, 31 aster-wort, (old F.) Austruche,  Impiratoire.
Ord.  Umbellifera?.   The roots of this  plant were
formerly considered  divi'num rented'ium.   They
are merely aromatic and bitter, and are not used.
  Imperatoria Sylvestris, Angelica sylvestris.
  IMPERFORATE, Atretus.
  IMPERFORATE,  Imperforation — i.   Ani,
Atresia ani  adnata,  Proctatresia — i. Pupillae,
Synezizis—i. Uteri. Metratresia.
  IM PERFORATION, from im, ' privative,'/><>>■,
'through/nnd/orwe.'to bore.' Imperforn''tio,At're''-
sia, Atretis'mus, Cap'etus.   Absence  of a natural
aperture; as, of the mouth, anus, vulva, nostrils,
<fcc.  It is congenital, being dependent upon faulty
conformation.
  IMPERFORATION DE  L'ANUS, Atresia
ani adnata.
  IMPE'RIAL. A pleasant, cooling drink, formed
of bitartrate of potassa, t^ss ;  one lemon, cut into
slices;  white sugar,  ibss:  and water, Oiij.   Let
the mixture stand for half an hour, and strain.
  IMPETIGINOSITAS,  Impetigo.
  IMPETIGINOUS, Impetigino'sits,  (F.)  Impi-
tigincux.  Same et3'mon  as the next.  Having
the nature of, or relating to, impetigo.
  IMPETI'GO, from impeto, 'I invade.'  Impeti-
girros'itas, Darta, Der'bia, Inlpetus, Petlgo, Ec-
pye'sis seu Ph/ysis  irnpeti'go,  Lepra  Sqnam-
mo'sa, Running Scall or Tetter, Crusted, Pustular
or Humid  Tetter or Scall, Cmcrup,  (F.) Dnrtre,
D.  crustacie  ou crouteuse, Lepre humide,  3Ii/i-
tagre.   A  word used in   various  acceptations.
With some writers it is synonymous with itch.  In
others,  it  means a  variety of herpes.   Sauvages
employs it as  a generic  term,  under which  be
comprises syphilis, scorbutus, rachitis, elephanti-
asis, the itch, tinea, scrofula, <fcc.  It forms, also,
a  genus in the class Cachexia of Cullen.   In
Bateman, it is the  first, genus of the  5th  order,
Pustnla, and is defined — the humid or running
tetter;  consisting of small pustules, denominated 
IMPETUM  FACIENS         492                INCISIVE
Psydracia.  It is  unaccompanied by fever; not
contagious, or communicable by inoculation.  He
has  five species:—the  I. figura'ta,  I. sparsa,
I. erysipeluto'des, I. scab'ida, and I. rodens.   See
Psoriasis.
  Impetigo Excorticativa, Ichthyosis—i. Fi-
gurata, Porrigo lupinosa — i.  Pellagra, Pellagra
—i.  Ulcerata, Zerna.
  IMPETUM  FACIENS, Enormon.
  IMPETUS, Impetigo,  Paroxysm.
  IMPLACENTAL, see  Placenta.
  IMPLICATIONES  RETICULARES  NER-
VORUM, Plexus nervorum.
  IMPLIC'TTI MORBI, Implica'ti seu compli-
ca'ti  3Iorbi, from  tm,  'in/  and plico, 'to  fold.'
Diseases, which exist in an organ; and produce,
concurrently, disorders in other organs.
  IMPLUVIUM,  Embrocation, Bath,  shower.
  IMPOSTIIUME, Abscess.
  IM'POTENCE,  Acratia, Impoterltia, I.  gene-
randi, Agenne'sia, Agen'nesis, Igntlvia  seu Ig-
nav'itas partium yenita'lium,  (F.) Impuissance;
from im, 'privative,' and potens, 'able.'  Loss of
power over one or more of the members.   Com-
monly, it means want of sexual vigour;  inca-
pacity for copulation;  and chiefly on the part of
the  male.  Astys'ia, Astyph'ia, Asyno'dia,  Ady-
namia vid'lis.   It has, also, been used  synony-
mously with  sterility.  Impotence may be  abso-
lute  or relative, constitutional or local, direct or
indirect, permanent or  temporary.
  IMPOTENTIA, Adynamia, Impotence—i. Ge-
nerandi, Impotence.
  IMPOVERISHED, Effe'tus,  Depattpera'tus,
(F.)  Appaurri. 'Having  become poor;' origi-
nally from (L.) pauper, (F.) pauvre, 'poor.'   The
Humorists applied this epithet to a humour, de-
prived of a part of its constituents, and particu-
larly to the blood.  This fluid was considered to
be impoverished when it was pale,  without the
proper consistence, and abounding in serum.  It
Wiis,  on the contrary, rich, in their opinion,  when
of a scarlet colour; possessing consistence;  when
it coagulated  promptly,  and  the  quantity of
serum, compared with  that of the clot, was by no
means considerable.
  IMPR-EGNATIO, Fecundation, Pregnancy.
  IMPREGNATION, Fecundation,  Pregnancy.
  IMPRESSIBILITY, see Sensibility—i. Great,
Hyperaesthesis.
  IMPRES'SION, Impres'sio (in, and premere,
jiressum, 'to press'), Pros'bole,  (F.)  Empreinte.
A more or less deep  indentation which certain
organs seem  to  make on  others.  Inequalities
observable on  the bones, which appear  to be
made by tbe subjacent organs.
  Impres'sions Dig"ital, Impressio'nes digita'ta
era'nii,  Fossa  digita'les,  are  the depressions of
various forms,  observable at the inner  surface of
the cranium, which look, at first  view, as if they
were made with the fingers.
  I3TPRESST0NABILITE, see Sensibility.
   IMPU'BER, Tmpn'bes, Impu'bis, Ane'bus, Ca-
pilla'tns, from  in, 'negation,' and puber, 'at the
age  of puberty.'  (F.) Impubire. One who has
not  attained tlie age of puberty.
  IMPUBES,  Impuber.
   IMPUDICUS. see Digitus.
   IMPUISSANCE, Impotence.
   IMPULSE,  DIAS'TOLIC, Impulsus  diastol-
icus. Back stroke  of the heart.   A jog or  stroke
which has been termed the 'buck stroke/ felt at
the end of each pulsation, and which would seem
to be owing to the refilling of the ventricles.
   Impulse op  the Heart, see Heart.
   IMPULSION  DU  CfEUR, see Heart.
  IMPURITATES  ALVIN^E, Fieces.
  INANIA, Iliac  regions.
  INANITIATED,'see Inanitiation.
  INANITIA'TION, Tuauitiu'tio, same  etymon
as the  next.   The act of  being exhausted  fur
want of nourishment.  One so exhausted is said
to be inauil'iated.
  INANIT"ION, Inanil'io, luan'itas, from ina.
nire, infinitum, 'to  empty.'  Ceno'sis.  Exhaus-
tion for want  of nourishment.  'To dio from  in-
anition is to die from exhaustion.
  INAPPETENTIA, Anorexia, Dysorexia.
  1NARTTCULATIO, Enarthrosis.
  INAURA'TION,  luaurtltio, from  in, and au-
rum, 'gold.'  The gilding  of pills or boluses.
  INCANTAMENTUM, Charm.
  INCANTA'TION,  Incauta'tio, Incttutiimeu'.
turn, Ep'ode, from in, and nurture, eautatum, ' to
sing/—for example, a magical song.  A mode of
curing diseases by charms, <fec, defended by Para-
celsus, Van Helmont, and  others.
  INCARCERA'TIO,  Chatonuement,  Incarcera-
tion— i. Intestinorum  interna, Enteremphraxia
—i. Intestinorum, Enteroperistole.
 _ INCARCERATION, Incarcera'tio, from  in,
'in/ and career, 'prison.'   Hernia is said to  be
'incarcerated/ Hernia  iucarcera'ta, when, owing
to constriction about the neck  of the hernial sue
or elsewhere, it cannot be reduced with facility.
Incarceration is sometimes used in the same sense
as strangulation.
  I'SOAR'N A~NS,Incarnati'vus,Sard tints, Stal-
ticus,  Plero'tictts, Anaplero'ticus, Sarcot'ie, from
in, and caro,  carnis,  'flesh.'  Medicines,  which
were fancied to promote the regeneration  of the
flesh.   Certain bandages and sutures  have, also,
been so called.
  INCARNATIO,  Incarnation —i.  Unguium,
Onychogryphosis.
  INCARNA'TION, Incarna'tio,  same etymon.
Growth of flesh or granulations.
  TNCARNATUS, Carneous.
  INCEN'DIUM. from incendere (in, nnd can-
dere), ' to burn.'  Pyrca'a, nvpxata, Causis, Phlo-
go'sis.   A burning fever or any burning heat.—
Incerldiunr febrile, Incerlsio. — "Willis.  Inflam-
mation, Phlegmon.
  Incendium Spontaneum, Combustion, human.
  INCENSIO, Incendium.
  INCENTIVUM, Stimulant.
  INCERA'TION,  Iucera'tio,  Encero'sis,  from
in. and cera,  ' wax.'   The  aet  of incorporating
wax with some other body; or, rather, the ope-
ration whose  object is to  communicate to a dry
substance tbe consistence  of wax.
  INCERNIC'ULUM,  from incernere (in, and
cernere), ' to sift.'  A strainer or sieve.
  INCESSIO, Bath, half,  Semicupium.
  INCESSUS, Walking.
  INCIDEN'TIA, from ineidere, incisum (1V1, and
cadere), 'to cut.'  (F.)  Incisifs.  This name was
formerly given to medicines to which was attri-
buted the property of cutting thick or coagulated
humours.   The  fixed  alkalies,  hydrosulphurets
of alkalies, sulphurous water,  <fec,  were con-
sidered  to belong to this class.
  INCINERA'TION,  Incinera'tio,  Cinera'lion,
Cinefac'tio, from j'm, and  cinis, cineris, 'ashes.'
In pharmacy, a process  by which animal or vege-
table substances are reduced to ashes.
  INCINCTA, Pregnant.
  INCISIFS,  Incidentia.
  INCISIO, Cut, Incision—i.  Simplex, Haploto-
mia.
  INCIS'ION, Incis'io. Erlcope, Incisu'ra, Incl-
sus, Tome, (F.) Taillade.  Same etymon as Inci-
dentia.  A methodical division of soft parts with
a cutting instrument.
  INCI'SIVE, Ineislvas,  Inciso'rius, Fossa inei-
si'va seu myrtifior-'ruis, is a  depression in the supe-
rior maxillary bone, above the incisor teeth. 
INCISIVUS  MUSCULUS       493                  INDEX
  Incisive Bone, Intermaxillary bone—i. Canal,
tee Palatine canals.
  Incisive Nerve, A'ervus incislvus.  A branch
of tbe inferior dental  nerve, which supplies the
incisor teeth.
  Incisive Teeth, Incisor Teeth, Den'tes  inci-
so'res seu tonlici seu denes seu  dichaste'res seu
qclas'lni seu primo'ree seu rnso'rii.  The  teeth
which occupy the anterior part of the upper and
lower jaws are  so called, because they are used
for cutting the food in the manner of cutting in-
struments.  The two middle incisors of the upper
jaw are, at times, called Butter teeth.
   INCISIVUS  (MUSCULUS), Levator labii su-
perioris proprius — i. Inferior, Levator labii infe-
riors— i. Lateralis et  pyrnmidulis, Levator labii
superioris alaeque nasi—i. Medius, Depressor alaj
nasi.
   INCISOR TEETH, Incisive teeth.
   INCISO'RIUM, Tomlon.  An operating table.
 A scalpel.
   INCISORIUS^ Incisive.
   INCISURA, Echancrure, Incision — i. Crucia-
lis, Crucial Incision—i. Ischiadica Major, Sciatic
 notch, greater—i. Ischiadica Minor, Sciatic notch,
 lesser — i. Lienalis,  Hilus lienalis—i.  Renalis,
 Hilus renalis—i. Scapularis, Notch, scapular —
 i. Septi, see Ventricles of the brain.
   Incisu'ra  Trag"ica, Notch of the Concha.  A
 wide, deep and rounded notch, which separates
 the tragus from  the antitrairus.
   INCISURES DE  SANTORINI,  Santorini,
 fissures of.
   INCISUS, Incision.
   INC IT ABILITY, Irritability.
   INCITAMENTUM, Stimulus.
   INCITANS. Stimulant.
   INOTTATIO, Stimulation.
   INCUTO-MOTOR, (F.) Incito-moteur.  An epi-
 thet, applied to  an action the reverse of excito-
 motor:  as in the case of muscular motion, which
 commences  in the  nervous centres and excites
 tho muscles to contraction.
   INOLAVATIO, Goiuphosis, see Wedged.
   IXCLT.VATIO. Decline—i.'Cceli,  Climate.
   INCLUSION, MONSTROSITY  BY, Emboite-
 mi nt.
   1NCLUSUS, see Wedged.
   INCOCTUS. see Crudity.
   INCOHERENCE, Incohe'rency,  (F.) Anaco-
 hithie, I'irasserie;  from  in, 'negation, co,  con,
cum, ' with/ and harere, ' to stick.'   Want of de-
pendence of one part on another.  The condition
of  the mental manifestations in dementia, &e.
   INCOMPATIBLE,  from in,  'negation/  and
eompelere, ' to agree.'  A substance, which  can-
not be  prescribed with another, without inter-
fering with its chemical composition or mediciual
activity.
   INCONTINEN'TIA, from  in,  'negation/  and
continen, 'I  contain;'  Anepis'chesis.  'Inconti-
nence.'   ' Inability to retain the natural evacua-
tion.'  Abuse of the pleasures of love.
  Incontinentia  Alvi,  Diarrhoea — i.  Urinae,
Enuresis. Scoracrasia.
  INCORPORATION, Incorpora'tio, Corpora-
tor, Eusomato'-iii, 3Ietensoinato'sis, from  in,  and
corpus,  corporis,  ' a body.'  An  operation,  by
which  medicines are  mixed with soft or liquid
bodies, in order  to give them  a certain  consist-
ence.   Also, the thorough admixture of various
substances.
  INCRASSAN'TIA,  Incrassati'va,  Inviscan'-
tin, Spisiau'tia,  Ecpyc'tica, Coiidensan'tia,  Pa-
chyn'tica,  Pycnot'ica,  Pi/enicmas'tica, from  in,
and crassus, • thick.'  Medicines which were for-
merly believed to possess tbe power of thickening
tho  humours, when too thin.  All  mucilaginous
substances were so regarded.
    INCRASSATIVA, Incrassantia.
    IN'CREASE, Incremen'tiim, Auxis,  Attxe'sis,
  from in, and cresrere, 'to grow.'  (F.)  Accroisse-
  ment.   Augmentation  of the size or weight of a
  body, by the application of new molecules around
  those which already exist.
    INCREMENTUM,  Augmentation,   Growth,
  Increase.
    INCRUCIATIO, Decussation.
    INCRUSTA'TION,  Incrusta'tio, from in, and
  crusta,  'a crust;' Coni'asis.  The act of forming
  a crust on  the  surface of a body, as well as the
  crust  itself.   Also, the  calcareous deposits  or
  cartilaginous plates, which sometimes  form  in
  organs.
    INCUBATIO, Incubation.
    INCUBA'TION, Incuha'tio,  Incnbil'io, Inal-
  brtus, from  incubare, incubitum, (in, and cnbare,)
  'to lie  upon.'   This word, which  is  used in natu-
  ral  history for the sitting  of  birds upon  their
  eggs, is employed, figuratively, in  medicine, for
  the  period that elapses between  the introduction
  of a morbific principle into the animal economy
  and tbe invasion of the disease.
    INCUBITIO, Incubation.
    INCUBITUS, Incubation.
    INCUBO, Incubus.
    IN'CUBUS.   Same  etymon.   In'aibo. Epial-
  tes,  Ephial'tes, I. noctur'mts, Hypnophob'ia,  Epi-
  lepsia  nocturna, Asthma noctur'num, Pnigalion,
  Suc'euhiis,  Oneirodyil ia  graraus,  Erethis'mus
  oneirodyn'ia, Noctur'na oppres'sio, Epib'ole, Bu-
  buzictlrins,  Nightmare,  Wildmare, Riding-hag,
  (Prov.)  Bitch-daughter, Hella,  (F.)  Canchemai;
  Caucherieille,  Cocliemar, Oneirodynie grnvcttire.
  Same  etymon.  A sensation  of a  distressing
  weight  at  the  epigastrium  during sleep, and of
  impossibility of motion, speech,  or  respiration;
  the  patient at length awaking in terror, after ex-
  treme anxiety,   Nightmare  is often the effect of
  difficult digestion or of an uneasy position of the
  body.  At  other times, it occurs  in consequence
  of severe emotions.  The sensation of suffocation
  was formerly ascribed to  the person's  being pos-
  sessed, and the male spirits were called incubes—
  the  female  succubes.   The  disease  requires no
  particular treatment. The causes must be avoided.
    Incubus   Vigilan'thm,   Ephial'tes   vigi/arl-
  tiurn, E. hypochorrdri'aca, Daymare.  This is pro-
  duced during wakefulness ; the sense of pressure
  being severe and extending over the abdomen;
  respiration  frequent, laborious,  and constricted;
  eyes fixed;  sighing, deep and violent;  intellect,
  undisturbed.
    INCUNABULA, Swathing clothes.
    INCUNEATIO,  Gomphosis, see Wedged.
    INCU'RABLE, Iiiairab'ilis, Rerrlediless,  Irrc-
  me'diable,   Insanab'ilis,  Analthcs,  Anaces'tos,
  Athcrapett'tus,  from j'ji, negative, and cura, cure.
  Not susceptible of cure;—applied to both patients
  and diseases.
    INCURIA, Acedia.
    INCURSUS ARTERIARUM, Pulse.
    INCURVATIO,  Gryposis.
    INCUS,  genitive, Inaldis, (in, and  cudo, 'I
  hammer,')  'an  anvil.'   Acmort, Os incu'di sim'ile,
  Ossic'ulum Incitdi seu mola'r-i denti compara'tuin,
  (F.) Enditme.   One of the small bones of tbe
  ear,  so called from its  fancied resemblance  to  a
  smith's anvil.  It is situate in the cavity of the
  tympanum,  between the malleus and orbiculare.
  Its  body is articulated  with  the  malleus: its
  horizontal  ramus, which  is  the shortest, corre-
  sponds with  the entrance of the mastoid cells;
  and  its  vertical ramus  is  articulated with the os
  orbiculare.  The incus  is  composed of a compact
  tissue, and is developed  from a single  point of
[  ossification.
I   INDEX, Dig"itus index seu secun'dus seu salu- 
INDIAN  ARROW  WOOD
4 94
IN F A N 3
tator'ius, Denronstra'tor,  Tndica'tor, Tndicato'rins,
Li'chanos,  Deic'ticos,  from  indicare, ' to  point
out.'  The forefinger, index finger.  See Digitus.
  INDIAN ARROW  WOOD, see Euonymus —
i. Paint, Hydrastis  Canadensis—i. Physic,  Gille-
nia trifoliata—i. Physic, small-flowered, Gillenia
Btipulacea.
  INDIAN  SPRINGS, see  Georgia, Mineral
waters of.
  INDIA'NA,  MINERAL  WATERS OF.  A
medicinal  spring,  near  Jeffersonville,  is  much
frequented.  Its waters are strongly impregnated
with sulphur and iron.
  IN'DICANT. In'dicans, Encleic'ticos, (F.) Tn-
dicatif.   Same   etymon as  index.  Any  thing
which,  in the course of  a disease  or in what pre-
cedes or accompanies it, concurs  in pointing out
the means  to be used for its cure.
  INDICATIF, Indicant,
  INDICATING  DAYS, Dies Irldices seu In-
dicato'rii seu Indieau'tes seu Conteinp/an'tes, (F.)
Jours indicatenrs.  Hippocrates and others  have
thus called the middle day of the septenary; be-
cause they imagined, that indications were  some-
times given then of the  crisis which would occur
in the last day of the septenary.
  INDICATION,  Indiea'tio,  Accusa'tio,  Dela'-
tio, Endeix'is, Endex'is, Bocthemalicum Semelon.
The object proposed in  the  employment of any
means which  are had recourse to  for the cure  of
disease.  It  may also be defined—the manifesta-
tion afforded by the disease itself of what is pro-
per to be done for its removal.
  INDICATOR, Extensor proprius indicis, see
Digitus, nnd Index.
  INDICUM, Indigo.
  INDICUS  COLOR, Indigo.
  INDIGENCE, Want.
  INDIG"ENOUS, Indig"ena, 'Inborn.'   From
indn, obsolete  for  'in/ and  geno, obsolete  for
gigno, 'I  generate.'  Whatever  is  native in a
country, in opposition to exotic ; as  an indigenous
remedy, indigenous disease, <fcc.
  INDIGESTION, Dyspepsia — i. Alkaline, see
Dyspepsia—i. Neutral, see Dyspepsia.
  "INDIGITATIO, Intussusceptio.
  INDIGNABUNDUS, Rectus externus oculi.
  INDIGNATORIUS, Rectus externus oculi.
  IN'DIGO,  Indigum,  In'dicum. Indicus  color,
Pigmeiltnm In'dicum.   A dye-stuff, in small solid
masses, of a deep azure blue colour, and devoid
of smell and taste. It is obtained, by a fermenta-
tive process,  from Indigof'era  anil, (I. stiffruti-
co'sa,)  I. argerltea, (T.  artiaila'ta seu  tincto'ria
seu glau'ca  seu  colora'ta,) and /. tincto'ria seu
In'dica, and  is  sometimes used  by the apothe-
cary for colouring certain preparations.  It has
likewise been administered internally, of late, in
spasmodic diseases, especially in  epilepsy.   The
dose  may  be at first grains, but  it may be ele-
vated to drachms.
  Indigo,  False, (Tall  White,)  see Sophora
tinctoria.
  INDIGO, FAUN, Galega officinalis—i. Weed,
Sophora tinctoria.
  Indigo,  Wild, Sophora tinctoria — i. Yellow,
Sophora tinctoria.
  INDIGOFERA, see Indigo, Sophora tinctoria.
  INDIGUM, Indigo.
  INDISPOSUT'ION,  3Tala  disposil'io,   Dys-
phoria, (F.)  3Ialaise.   From in,  'negation/ and
disponere,  dispositum,   ' to  put  in  order.'  A
slight functional disturbance, which may scarcely
bear the name of disease.  A  feeling of sickness—
scrrsitsagritu'dinis ; vulgarly an all-overish feeling.
  IN'DOLENT, In'dolens, from i'h, privative, and
dolere,  ' to be in pain.'  Exhibiting little  or  no
pain.   An  epithet particularly applied  to certain
tumours.
  INDOLENTIA, Anodynia.
  IN'DOLES.  A natural disposition or character.
  Indoles An'imi.   The  natural disposition  or
character of mind.
  Indoles Morbi.   The nature or character of a
disease.
  INDOSYNCLONUS, Beriberi.
  INDUC'TIO,  Apngo'ge,  from  induccre, (in,
and dncere, ductuin,  ' to lead.')  A word used es-
pecially for the action of extending a plaster upon
linen.
  1NDUCULA, Waistcoat,  strait.
  INDUMENTUM  CORDIS,  Pericardium — i.
Nervorum, Neurilemma—i. Ventriculorum, Epcn-
dyma ventriculorum.
  INDU'RANS, (f/i and dui-us,  'herd.')  Sde-
rot'icus, Sclernilticus, Sc/eryn'ticus.   A medicine
which hardens  the parts to which  is  applied.
  INDURATIO, Induration — i. Intestinorum,
Enteropathia cancerosa — i. Maligna, Scirrhus —
i. Renum, Nephroscleria—i. Tehe cellulose neo-
natorum, see Induration—i. Ventriculi scirrhosn,
Gastroseirrhus.
  INDURA'TION,  Tndurtltio, Sclerys'ma, Scle-
rys'mus.  Callus'itas,  Tiidurescen'tia, I'oro'nni, Pi>-
ro'sis, (F.) Enditreissement.   Tbe hardness which
supervenes, occasionally, in  an inflamed part.  It
is one of tbe terminations of inflammation, and is
owing to a change in the nutrition of tbe part.
  Induration  of the  Are'olar or Cellular
Tissue, Indura'tio  cellulo'sa, liidurtttio  sen Op-
pila'tio tela cellulo'sa neirnnlo'rum,  £thnii//iln,ty-
lo'sis, (Ede'ma  neonato'rum, Compact (Eilc'inn  of
Infants,  Calochtis Infan'tum, Sclere'mia, Sclere'-
ma, Sclera'ma, Sc/eetn/er'ma,  Cutis  tensa chron-
ica,  Derma toper isele.ro'sis,   DeiruatoperiseleryH-
mns, Haloniltis, Phlegmasia cellula'ris,  Scirrho-
sar'ca. neonato'rnm, Scleri'asis  neonoto'ruin, Scle-
ra'sis,  Stipa'tio tela cellulo'sa Infantum, Skin-
bound Disease, Skin-bind, Skin-tight. Hidebound,
(F.) Enditreissement dn tisstt celhilaire ;  (Etleme
du tissn celhilaire des iiourenii-nis, Asphyxie lente
des uoiirean-nis, is a disease which attacks infants
a few days after birth, and  which Chaussier pro-
posed to call Scliremc,  from cniXnpus, 'hard.'
  The Induration of tbe areolar tissue of the adult,
Sclcrosteno'sis cuta'nea, has been regarded as the
result of inflammation of tbe corium, Chorionltis.
  Induration  of the  Brain, Sclerencephalia—
i. Grise, see Hepatization.
  INDURESCENTIA. Induration.
  INDU'SIUM, Uhitonis'eos.  Strictly,'a shirt,'
'a small tunic'  Some have so called the amnion.
  INE'BRIANT,lue'brinns, Phunttts'ticns; from
in and ebrio, 'I intoxicate.'  Intoxicating.  An
agent that intoxicates.
  INEBRIATION,  Temulentia.
  INEBRIATION QU1NIQUE, Quininism.
  INEDIA, Fasting.
  INER'TIA,  from  in, 'negation/ and nrs, artis,
'art,'  Igna'via,  Encr'vitas.   Sluggishness,   in-
activity.
  Iner'tia OF the  Womb,  (F.) Inertic de In ma-
trice.  The  diminution and even total cessation
of the contractions of tbe uterus during labour;
as well as the species  of languor into  which it
sometimes falls after the expulsion of tbe foetus.
  INERT IE  PAR  EPUISEMENT, see Partu-
rition—i. de la Matrice, Inertia of the womb.
  INES1S. Cenosis.
  INETHMOS. Cenosis.
  IN EXTREMIS, Psyehorages.
  IN'FANCY, Infan'tia, from  in, 'negation/and
fans, from  fori, 'to  speak.'   Early childhood.
Childhood; 'Ne'piotes, Pttiilla. (F.)' Enfinn-e.  It
generally includes   the  age from  birth till  the
seventh vear.   See Age.
  INF AN S,  Paldion, Ne'pios,  (Sc.)  Quitting, 
INFANTIA               495           INFLAMMATION
Gytling,  (Old  Eng.  and  Prov.)  Barn;  (Se.)
Bairn, (F.) Enfurtt.   An infant, a baby, a child,
one in infancy. In law, one who has not attained
tho age of legal capacity ;  which is,  in general,
fixed at twenty-one years.
  Infans recens natus, Noitveau-ni.
  INFANTIA, Infancy.
  INFAN'TICIDE, In funticl ilium, Tecnocton'ia,
Child-murder, from infans, 'a child/ and  cadere,
'to kill.'  The murder of a child newly born, or
on  tbe point of being born.  It may be perpe-
trated  by the mother, or by some  other  person,
cither by commission,  that is. in  consequence of a
direct  voluntary  act;—or  by omission of  those
cares which are necessary for the preservation of
the new-born.
   INFARCTIO,  Emphraxis.
   IXEARCTION, Emphraxis.
   INEARCTUS, from in,  and farcrre, farctum,
' to stuff.'  Emphraxis.
   Infarctus Intestinorum, Enteremphraxis—i.
Haemoptoicus  Laennecii,  see  Haemoptysis—i.
Lactei extremitatum,  Phlegmatia dolens—i. Lie-
nis, Splenoncus.
   Inkakc'tus Mamm* Lac'teus, Lactis  concre-
titr'nes, A'ndi seu  Thrombi  lactei, Trichiasis lac-
tea.  Knotty  tumours of  the  female  mammae,
owing to the accumulation  and arrest of  milk  in
the galactophorous ducts.
   Infarctus Uteri, Metremphraxis.
   INFECTIO  PURULENTA, see Pyohasmia.
   INFECTION, see Contagion.
   INFECTIOUS, see Contagious.
   INFECUNDUIT, Sterility.
   INFECUNDUS, Sterile.
   INFER'NAL,  Infer'nus; 'relating to hell.'  A
name applied to caustic — Lapis Inferna'lis — on
uccount of its strong burning properties.
   INEIBULA'TIO! Fibula'tio, Infibuln'tion.Anc-
terias'inns;  from fibula,  'a clasp.'  (F.)  Bourle-
ment.  An operation, formerly  practised, which
consisted in passing a ring through  the prepuce,
after having  drawn it over  the  glans ;—in  order
to prevent coition.  The ancients employed infi-
bulation with  their  gladiators  to  preserve all
their strength by depriving them of venery.  In
the women,  to preserve  their  chastity, the ring
was passed through the labia majora.
   INFILTRATION,  Infiltra'tio, from filtrare,
'to filter.'  Effusion.  The passage or effusion of
n fluid into the areola: of  any texture, and par-
ticularly of  the  areolar  membrane.  The  fluid
effused is ordinarily the Liquor sanguinis, sound
or  altered—sometimes blood  or pus,  fasces,  or
urine.   When  infiltration  of a serous  fluid  is
general,  it  constitutes  anasarca;  when  local,
uedernn.
   INFILTRATIONPURULENTE, see Hepa-
tization.
   INFINITES'IMAL. Infinites'imus,  from  ?«,
and finitus, ' limited.'  Unlimited.  An epithet em-
ployed  by the homoeopathists for their  endless
subdivisions of drugs :—the decillionth of  a grain,
for example,  is "an infinitesimal dose."
   INFIRM,  Tnfirnlns, Imbe'cillis, Deb'ilis, As'-
thenes, lli/poc'rates, from in, negative, and firrnus,
'firm.'  Not  linn or sound: weak; feeble.
   INFIRMARIUM,  Hospital.
   INFIRMARY, Hospital.
   INFIRMATORIUM. Hospital.
   IXFIR3IIER (F.).from  infirmus, (in, negative,
and firmns.)   Infirnin'rins, A'oyoc'omus, Cura'tor
infirmo'rum.  One employed in an hospital  or in-
firm -iry to take care of the sick.
  INFIRM'ITY. Infirnlitas, Asthenia, Arrhos'-
tin, liivaletililo.  Any disease which has  become
habitual, either owing to  its  chronic character,
or it* numerous relapses.
  INFLA'MED,  (Old  Eng.) Flamed, Infiamina'-
tns, (F.) Enflammi, Phlogosi, — Phlogo'sed, ac-
cording to some.   Same etymon as inflammation.
Affected with inflammation.
  INFLAMMABLE  AIR,   Hydrogen,  carbu-
retted.
  INFLAMMATIO, Inflammation, Phlegmon—
i. Abdominalis, Enccelitis — i. Articuli Maxillae
Inferioris, Hyposiagonarthritis—-i. Auris, Otitis—
i. Bronchiorum, Bronchitis—i. Casci, Typhlo-en-
teritis—i. Capsula? lentis, Pbacohymenitis—i. Ce-
rebelli, Cerebellitis — i. Clitoridis, Nympbitis—i.
Conjunctivae, see  Ophthalmia — i.  Corneas, Cera-
titis— i. Coxae, Ospbyitis — i. Crouposa, Croupy
inflammation—i. Cystidis felleas, Cholecystitis—
i.  Debilis,  see Inflammation — i. Epiglottidis,
Epiglottitis —  i. Ervsipelatosa, Erysipelatous in-
flammation—i. Faucium, Cynanche, Isthmitis—i.
Gastritis, Gastritis—i.  Genae, Gnathitis—i. Genae,
Melitis—i. Gingivae, Ulitis—i. Glandularum lym-
phaticarum, Hydradenitis—i. Glandularum  lym-
phaticarum, Lymphadenitis—i. Glandularum sub-
lingualium, II vpoglossiadenitis—i.Gulae,Oesopha-
gitis—i. Hepatis, Hepatitis—i. Hepatis lenta, He-
patitis (chronic)—i. Interna, Empresma—i. Intes-
tinorum, Enteritis—i. Iridis, Iritis—i. Jecoris, He-
patitis—i Laryngis, Laryngitis—i.  Lienis, Spleni-
tis— i. Ligamentorum, Syndesmitis— i. Linguae,
Glossitis—i. Mediastini, Mcsodmitis—i. Medullae
Spinalis, Myelitis — i. Miisculi psoas, Psoitis — i.
Musculorum, Myositis — i. Musculorum  ahdomi-
nalium, Myocceliitis — i.  Nervorum, Neuritis—i.
Oeulorum, Ophthalmia—i. GCsophagi, Oesophagi-
tis—i. Omenti, Epiploitis—i. Ossis, Ostalgitis—i.
Ovarii, Oaritis—i. Palati, Hyperoitis—i. Pancre-
atis, Pancreatitis—i. Parenehymatica,  Parenchy-
matitis—i. Parotidum, Parotitis, Cynanche paro-
thhra — i. Pectoris  acuta, Pneumonia — i. Pera-
cuta. Hyperphlogosis, Hyperphlegmasia—i.  Peri-
cardii,. Pericarditis— i. Periostei,  Periostitis—i.
Periostei orbitae, Periorbitis — i. Peritonad,  Peri-
tonitis— i. Pharyngis, Cynanche pharyngea — i.
Phrenitis,  Phrenitis — i.  Pleurae,  Pleuritis — i.
Pncumonica.  Pneumonia — i.  Pulmonum,  Pneu-
monia— i.  Renum, Nephritis — i.  Renum  suc-
centuriatorum. Paranephritis—i. Retinae, Dictyi-
tis,  Retinitis—i. Sclerotica,  Sclerotitis—i. Scroti,
Oschitis—i. Septi transversi, Diaphragmitis — i.
Sinuum frontalium, Metopantritis  — i. Stomachi,
Gastritis—i. Superficiei internae  cordis, Endocar-
ditis— i. Teloe cellulosae,  Ethmyphytis — i.  Telas
fibrosoe, Inohymenitis — i. Testium, Hernia hu-
moralis—i.  Tonsillilrum,  Cynanche tonsillaris—i.
Tunicae hyaloideae, Ilyalitis — i. Tympani, Tym-
panitis— i. Ilrethrae,  Gonorrhoea — i.  Uteri, Me-
tritis—i. Uteri catarrhalis. see Metritis—i.  Uteri
et Peritona'i,  Metroperitonitis—i.  Uvulae, Uvuli-
tis—i. Vasorum, Angeitis—i. Vasorum Iymphati-
corum, Angeioleucitis—i. Ventriculi, Gastritis—i.
Ventriculi  et  intestinorum, Gastro-enteritis — i.
Vesicas. Cvstitis—i. Vesicae fellea-. Cholecystitis.
   INFLAMMA'TION,   Infiamma'tio,   from in,
and fiamnia, 'flame,' ' fire :'  Ph/et/'mone, Phlogo'.
sis,  Eephloiplsis,  Epiph/eg"ia, Exap'sis, Phleg-
ma'sia. Causo'ma, Empres'inn, Phla'gin, Hypcren-
i/osmose (Dutroehet),  In cert'ilium. Hyperhainato'-
sis,  Hi/pera'mia acti'vn, Phlebop/ero'sis ei-pln-ac'-
tica, (F.) Angii'tc, is so called in consequence of
the  acute or burning  pain felt in  a  part affected
with it.  An irritation in a part  of the body is oc-
casioned by some stimulus :--owing to which the
blood  flows into the  capillary vessels in greater
abundance than natural, and those vessels become
over-dilated and  enfeebled;  whence result pain,
redness, heat,  tension, and  swelling; symptoms
which appear  in greater or less  severity, accord-
ing  to  the  structure,  vital properties, and  func-
tions of the part affected, and its connexion with
other parts, as well ns according to the constitu-
tion of the  individual. 
INFLAMMATTON DES AMYGDALES 4
  Simple accumulation of blood in the capillaries
of the part is hyperamia, not inflammation.  The
latter  requires,  in  addition,  altered   nutrition
either of the vessels themselves, or of the sur-
rounding tissues, or of  both.
  The inflammations of the areolar and serous
membranes greatly agree;—and  those  of the
mucous and skin ; the  former being more active,
and constituting the phlegmonous variety: — the
latter, the  erythemntic  or erysipelntous.   Of this
variety is the diffusive  infiammation produced  by
morbid poisons,—ns during  dissection, where  so-
lutions of  continuity exist on  the fingers of the
operator.   It is seen, too, in  workers in bone, and
hence has been called bone fever.   Preparatory to
the turning of  bones, it is customary to macerate
them in water.   The fluid soon  becomes  putrid,
and if the hands be kept in it  diffusive  inflam-
mation results.   Inflammation may end by  reso-
lution, suppuration, gangrene, adhesion, effusion,
or  induration.  Each of the inflammations of  in-
ternal  organs  has  received  a name according to
the organ  affected; — as, gastritis, cephalitis,  en-
teritis, hepatitis,  &c.  Besides the above  inflam-
mations, it has been considered,  that there  is  an
instinctive kind established  for the union of parts
which  have been   divided,  whether  the union
takes place immediately, or  by the aid of an  in-
termediate body.   This is  the  adhesive  infiam-
mation of some; but it may well be questioned
whether inflammation is ever desirable in  such
cases.  See Adhesion, Callus, Cicatrix.  Brous-
sais considered that the term infiammation should
include every local  exaltation   of  the  organic
 movements which  is sufficiently great to disturb
the harmony of the  functions,  and  disorganize
the texture in which  it is  situate.  He  farther
 extended  the  name infiammation to  irritations
which do not induce  disorganization of the tex-
tures, and which  had been previously, and  are
 Still, called fevers.
    Examination  of  the blood drawn always  exhi-
 bits  an increase of the fibrinous  elements — the
 average proportion  of which, in  healthy blood, is
 about three in the  thousand. In inflammation, it
 at times rises as  high as ten.  In fevers unaccom-
 panied with inflammation, the proportion is  natu-
 ral, or below the average; but whenever inflam-
 mation supervenes, it immediately rises.
    External inflammation is easily detected by  the
 characters already  mentioned :—internal, by dis-
 turbance of function and pain  upon pressure; but
 the last sign is often not available.  Both  forms
 require the removal of all  irritation, and the re-
 duction of vascular excitement  and nervous irri-
 tability :  hence, blood-letting—local and  general
 ■—sedatives,  refrigerants,  and  counter-irritants
 become valuable remedies in  almost all cases of
 inflammation.
    Inflammation  is not always of the active  kind.
 There is a form,Infiamma'tio deb'His, which occurs
 in low conditions  of  the system, and in  broken
 down  constitutions, which, like many forms  of
 chronic inflammation, requires a stimulant, rather
 than  a sedative, mode of treatment.
    INFLAMMATION  DES  A3IYG DALES,
 Cynanche tonsillaris—i. des Arteres,  Arteritis—
 i.  of the  Bladder. Cystitis — i. de la Bouche, Sto-
 matitis—?', des  Branches, Bronchitis — i. du  Ca-
 cum, Typhlo-enteritis—i. of the Cascum,  Typblo-
 enteritis—i. du  Cerveau et  du Cervelet, Phrenitis
 —?'. du Ca-ur,  Carditis—i. du Colon, Colitis—?'. de
 la Conjonctire,  see Ophthalmia — i.  of the Dia-
 phragm, Diaphragmitis—i.  Diffusive, see Inflam-
 mation — i. Diphtheritic, Diphtheritis— i.  of the
 Ear, Otitis —- ?*.  de  I'Epiglotte, Epiglottitis—?'. de
 lEstomac, Gastritis—i. of the Eye, Ophthalmia—
 i.  du Foie, Hepatitis — i. des  Gene.ires, Ulitis — i.
 General, Synocha — i. of the Internal Membrane
6            IN 1' L U E N Z 01 D
of the Heart, Endocarditis—i. Internal, Empres-
ma—?. des Intestins, Enteritis—i. of the Iris, Iri-
lis—i. of the Kidney, Nephritis—?'. de la Langne,
Glossitis—i. of the Larynx, Laryngitis—i. of the
Liver, Hepatitis — /. de la Luette, Uvulitis—i. of
the Lungs, Pneumonia—i. of the Malpighian I!o-
dies, Kidney, Bright's disease of the—?'. des 31a-
melles, Mastitis—/. de la 3/atrice, Metritis—?'. tie
la 31ernbrane  tilriolo-dentaire, Periodontitis—/,
de la. 3Ieinbranc sirense ciphalo-rachidicnne,  Me-
ningitis—i. of the Mesentery,  Mesenteritis—i'. tie
la 31oel/e  ipiniere ou rachidieiine,  Myelitis — i.
of the  Mouth, pseudo-membranous, Stomatitis,
pseudo-membranous—i. of the Mouth, pultaceotis,
Aphthae — ?'. des 31uscles, Myositis — ?'. des Aerfs,
Neuritis—?'. de KEil, Ophthalmia—i. de I'Oreille,
Otitis—i. de I'Oraire, Oaritis—i. du Palais, Hy.
peroitis—?'. du Parenchyme piilmonaire, Pneumo-
nia— ?'. de la Parotide, Cynanche parotidaea — i.
Pellicular,  Diphtheritis — i. dn Piriearde,  Pe-
ricarditis— i. of  the Pericardium.  Pericarditis
— i. du Piritoine,  Peritonitis — i. of the Perito-
naeum,  Peritonitis—i. of tbe  Pleura, Pleuritis—
i. de  la  Pierre,  Pleuritis—i.  des  Reunions,
Pneumonia—i. du 3Iust-le psoas,  Psoitis—/. de la
Rate, Splenitis—i. des Reins, Nephritis—^i. Spon-
goid, Haematodes Fungus, see  also Encephaloid—
i. of the Stomach, Gastritis — ?'. de  la  Testicule,
Hernia humoralis—i. of the Testicle, Hernia bu-
moralis—i. des  Tissus  blancs, Angeioleucitis—i.
of the Tongue, Glossitis — ?'. des Vitissetaix Lym-
phatiqnes, Angeioleucitis—?'.  des Veines, Phlebi-
tis—?'. de la Visicule du Fiel, Cholecystitis—i.d*
la Vessie,  Cystitis—i. of the Womb, Metritis.
   INFLAMMATIUN'CULA,   Snbinfiiimma'tin.
A superficial and  often  insignificant inflamma-
tion of the skin, as in many cutaneous affections.
   ISFf^AWMATOFCi,Infiammato'rius; Piling".
icus, Phlogo'des, Phlogis'ticus, Phlogis'tic, belong-
ing  to inflammation  ;—as, inflammatory tumour,
inflammatory fever, &c.  The blood is said to be
inflammatory when cupped or  buffed.   See  Co-
rium phlogisticum.
   INFLAMMATORY BLUSH, Erythema.
   INFLA3I3IATUS, Inflamed.
   INFLATIO,   Emphysema,   Puffiness,  Colica
flatulenta—i. Parotidum, Cynanche parotidasa —
i. Uteri, Physometra.
   INFLEXIO,  Campsis.
   INFLUENCE, Influenza.
   INFLUENTIA, Influenza,
   INFLUENZA.  The Italian for 'Influence.'
 Influenza  Europa'a, fnfiuerltia, Catar'rhus epi-
 dem'icus, C. a conta'gio, Febris  eatnrrhillis epi-
 denlica, Rheuma epidem'icum, Morbus  Verveci'-
 nns seu Catarrha'lis seu  Arie'tis, Syn'ochns seu
 Defiux'io  catarrha'lis,  Cephalalgia cunt agio'no.
 (epidemics of the 16th and 17th centuries): (F.)
  Tac, Quinte, Florion, Coqueluehe, Baroquette, Ge-
 nir-nle.  Grippe,  Fo/lette,  Grenade, Coquette,  Cu-
 rate, Petite Paste, Petit  Courier, Allure, Laflendn,
 Fievre catarrhale  ipidimique; Influence, Epide-
 mic catarrh.  A severe form  of catarrh occurring
 epidemically, and generally  affecting  a number
 of persons in a community.  See Catarrh, epide-
 mic.   Gluge, from  his  investigations  considers
 that tbe following is tbe chronological  order of
 the return of the influenza:—14th century, 1323,
  1326—15th century, 1410, 1411, 1414—Ifitb cen-
  tury,  1510, 1557, 1562. 1574.  1580, and 1593 —
  17th century, 1658,  1669, 1675, 1693—18th cen-
  tury,  1708,'1712. 1729, 1732,  17.">M, 1742.  1743,
  1761, 1762, and 1775—19th  century, 1800,  1803,
  1831, and 1833.  To  these may be added 1837,
  and 1843.
   Influenza Europ^a, Influenza.
   IXFLUEN'ZOlD, Influenzal'des. An express-
  ive but hybridous compound: from influenza,and 
IN F 0 It M I T A S
497
INFUSUM
utos. 'resemblance.'  Resembling influenza.—Dr.
T. Thompson.
  INFORM ITAS, Deformation.
  INFORTUNIUM, Contrufissura.
  INFRA-ATLOIDtEUS, Sub-atloidaeus.
  INFRA-AXOID.EUS, Sub-axoidaeus.
  INFRA-COSTALES, see Intercostal muscles.
  INFRA-MAXILLA RIS, Sub-maxillary.
  INERAMAXILLOSTERNODYMIA, Copha-
losomatodymia.
  INFRA-OKISTTAR, Sub-orbitar.
  INFRAPUBIAN  LIGAMENT, Triangular li-
gament.
  INFRA-SCAPULARIS, Subscapularis.
  INFRA-SPINALIS,  Infraspinatus.
  INFRA-SPINA'TUS, Infiraspina'lis, from in-
fra, ' beneath,'  and spina, ' spine.'   Situate be-
neath the spine  of the scapula.
   I.N'FRA-Spi.va'tA  Fossa, (F.) Fosse  sous-ipi-
nense.  A large excavation on  the posterior surface
of the scapula, beneath its spine. It is filled by the
   InFRA-SpinATUS 3luscle,  Grand Scnpu/o -tro-
ch ilirien,  Superscapulilris   inferior  (Ch.), (F.)
 Sous-ipineux, which  is broad, flat, and triangular.
It  is attached,  by its  base, to the three inner
quarters of the fossa; and is inserted, by a. long
 tendon, into the middle part  of the great tubero-
sity of  the os humeri (Troch'iter).  It turns the
arm outwards,  and, when the  arm is elevated,
 carries  it backwards.
   INFRINGENS, Corrigent.
   INFUNDIB'ULUM.  (in, and fundere, fnsum,
 'to pour out.')   A Funnel,   Trito'riitm,  Choline,
 Chonos, (F.)  Entonnoir,—of which various kinds
 are employed in pharmaceutical operations.   A
 name, given  to  many parts which, more or less,
 resemble a funnel. See Proventriculus.  It is par-
 ticularly appropriated to the  following organs:—
   Infundig'ui.um of the Brain', lufiindib'ulum
 seu Pelvis seu Choa'na  seu Cy'nthus seu Scyphus
 sen Concha seu Lucu'na sen Em'bolum seu Aqua-
 ditc'tus seu Labriim seu Concur'itas conchii/ilris
 Sell Processus orbicula'ris Cer'ebri,  (F.) Entori-
 noir du ventricule moyen du  ccrceau,  Tir/c Pilni-
 tairc, Tige sus-sphinoidnle.   A depression in the
 inferior paries of the middle  ventricle, above the
 pituitary gland.   It was, anciently, regarded as
 a canal  by which the fluid, collected  in  the ven-
 tricles of the brain, was evacuated, and poured
 into the nasal fossiv.
   Ini-undibulum Cerebri, I. of the Brain.
   Infundibuum  of the Cochlea, /.  Cochlea,
 Scyphus Vienssen'ii sen  audito'rius. Cucullus, Ca-
 na'lis Seal a'rum commilnis.   This, with the mo-
 diolus, forms the nucleus around which the gyri
 of  the cochlea pass.  It is an  imperfect funnel,
 the apex of  which is common with that of the
 modiolus; and the base is covered with the  apex
 of  the cochlea, termed Cu'pola.
   In Surgery,  infundibula or  funnels  are  used
to direct steam or vapours; to conduct the actual
 cautery to certain morbid parts, &c.
   Infundibulum  of the Ethmoid Bone, or  of
the NassalFoss.e.   One of  the anterior cells of
that bone, which is  broad and expanded above,
and narrow below ; opening, above, into the fron-
tal sinus;  below, into  the anterior part of the
middle meatus of the nasal fossae.
  Infundibulum of the  Heart,  Conus arterio-
sus—i. of the Kidney, see Calix — i. Lacrymale,
Lachrymal Sac — i. Tubarum Fallopii, see Tube,
Fallopian —i. Yentriculi,  Oesophagus.
  IXFUSR,  Infusion.
  INFU'SION,  Infu sio, En'chi/sis, from infun-
dere (in, and fundere, fiusum),  'to pour in,' ' to in-
troduce'   A  pharmaceutical  operation, which
consists in pouring a hot or cold fluid upon a sub-
stance whoso medical virtues it is desired to ex-
tract. Infusion is, also, used for the product of this
      32
 operation. (F.) Infusion, Infiusi.  In Surgery, infu-
 sion— Chirur'gia iufiuso'ria, Ars clysrualica nttvn
 —is the act of introducing into the veins medicinal
 substances, by aid of an instrument called Iufiusor.
 See Iufusoir.  This  mode  of introducing  medi-
 cines was called Ars infuso'ria.
   Infusion of Angustura, Infusum Cuspariae
 — i. of Bark,  Infusum cinchonae — i. of Buchu,
 Infusum  Diosmas — i. of Calumba, Infusum ca-
 lunibas — i. of Cascarilla,  Infusum cascarillae —
 i. of Catechu,  Infusum catechu  compositum — i.
 of Cayenne pepper, Infusum capsici — i. of Cha-
 momile,  Infusum  anthemidis — i. of  Cinchona,
 Infusum  cinchonae—i. of Cloves, Infusum c-aryo-
 phyllorum—i. of Cusparia, Infusum cusparia: —
 i. of Dandelion, Infusum  Taraxaci — i. of Fox-
 glove, Infusum digitalis—i. of Gentian, compound,
 Infusum gentianae compositum—i. of Ginger, In-
 fusum  Zingiberis — i. of Hops,  Infusum humuli
 —i. of Horseradish, compound, Infusum armora-
 ciae compositum — i. of Linseed, Infusum lini
 compositum—i. of Matico, Infusum  matico—i.
 of Mint,  compound, Infusum menthas compositum
 —i. of Orange-peel,  compound, Infusum aurantii
 compositum—i. of Pareira Brava, Infusum Pa-
 reiras—i.of Pinkroot,Infusum spigelias—i.of (Quas-
 sia, Infusum quassias—i. of Rhatany, 1 nfusum Kra-
 inerias—i.of Rhubarb, Infusum rhei—i. of tie
j Rose,  Infusum  rosas compositum — i.  of Sar-
 saparilla, Infusum sarsaparillas — i. of  Sassafras
 pith, Infusum sassafras  medullas — i.of Setiek:  ,
 Infusum  Senegas— i. of Senna, Infusum sennas
 compositum—i.of  Simaruba,  Infusum simaru-
 bas — i.  of Slippery  elm,  Infusum  ulmi-i.  of
 Thoroughwort, Infusum  eupatorii—i. of Tobacco,
 Infusum tabaci—i. of Yalerian, Infusum valeria-
 nic—i. of Virginia snakeroot, Infusum serpentn-
 riae—i.of Wild cherry, Infusum pruni Virginiana;.
    INFUSOIR (F.),  Infiu'sor.   An  instrument
 for injecting   medicinal  substances   into  tbe
 veins.   It was a kind of  funnel, tbe elongated
 apex of  which  was  stopped by a metallic rod,
 which  could be withdrawn when the apex was
 introduced into a vein.
    INFU'SUM, Eilchyma.   The  product  of an
 infusion.
    Infusum Acaci.e  Catechu, I. catechu compo-
 situm— i. Ainarum  vinosum, Vinum gentiana)
 compositum—i. of Angustura, I. cu-parias.
    Infusum Anthem'idis,   Hydroelniniaime'lum,
 Infusion  of Cliam'oniile.    (A nth em id. fior.  3?s;
 aq. bullient. Oj.  Macerate for ten minutes in  a,
 covered vessel, and strain.)   Dose, 1 5j to f^iss.
    Infusum Armoua'cij-; Compos'itum,  I. Armo-
 racia (Ph. U.  S.), Compound Infusion  of Horse-
 radish.   (Armorac.  concis.,  sinapis cont.,  sing.
 oJ ; "qua bullient. Oj.  Macerate  for two hours,
 and strain.)  Dose, f^j to  f^iij.
   Infusum Auran'tii  Compos'itum, Compound
 Infusion  of Orange Peel. (Aurant. cort.  sice, ^ij  ;
 Union,  cort. recent,  ^j ;  caryoph. cont.  ^ss : aq.
 fervent.  Oss.  Macerate  for fifteen minutes, and
 strain.—Ph. L.)  Dose, f^iss to f^ij.
   Infusum Brash,  Wort — i.  Buchu,  Infusum
 Diosmas — i. Bynes, Wort.
   Infusum Calum'b^:, /. Calom'ba seu Colomba,
 Infusion  of Columba.  (Galttmb. rad. concis. t^ss  ;
 aq. fervent. Oj.   Macerate for  two hours, and
 strain.—Ph. U. S.)   Dose,  f giss to £iij.
   Infusum Cap'sici, Infusion ofi Cayenne Pepper.
 [Capsic.  in. pulv.  crass. ,^ss;  aq. bullient. Oj.
 Macerate for two hours,  and strain.—Ph. U. S.)
 Dose,  f^iss.
   Infusum  Caryophyl'li, Infusion  of Cloves.
 (Caryoph.  contus. ^ij ;  aq. bullient. Oj.  Mace-
 rate for two hours, and strain.)   Dose,  f^iss to
 fgy-
   Infusum Cascaril'l.e. Infusion of Uincrilla.
 (Cascarill. contus. 5J j °2- bullient. Oj.  Mace- 
INFUSUM
408
INFUSUM
rate  for two  hours, and strain.)   Dose, f.^iss to
'.V.i-
   Infusum  Cassia:  Sennas,  I.  sennae  compo-
situm.
   Infusum  Cat'echu  Compos'itum,  /.  Catechu
sen At ilcia Catechu, Infusion of Catechu.  (Cate-
chu, in pulv. ,^ss; cinnnrn. cont. £j ; '"/. bullient.
O.i.  Macerate for an hour, and strain.)   Dose,
t.^iss to f.^ij.
   Infusum  Cincho'na, /.  Cinchona  lancifo'lia,
Infusion of  Cinchona.   (Cinch,  contus. J$j ;  aq.
fervent. Oj.  Macerate for two hours, and  strain.) i
This  infusion may also be made from the  same!
quantity of bark in coarse powder by the  process'
of displacement with hot or cold water.  Dose,
f'5.i to f3iij-   '-The Pharmacopoeia of the  United
States has an Infill sum Cincho'na fiava, Irifiitsiou\\
of yellow bark,  and an Infusum Cinchona rubra A
Infusion of red bark, which are  prepared in  the I
same manner.  It has also an Infill sum Cincho'na
 Compos'itum, which is made as follows : (Cinchon.
rubr.  in  pulv.  ^j ;  Acid.  Sulph.  aromat. f SJj ;
aqua, Oj.   Macerate for twelve  hours, occasion- I
ally  shaking, and  strain.)   Dose, same as  the
last.
   Infusum Cinchona Compositum, see Infusum
 Cinchonas—i. Cinchonas flavae, see Infusum Cin-
chonas— i.  Colonibae, I. calumbae.
   Infusum  Cuspa'ri^e, /.  Angustu'ra,  lufusionl
 of Cuspa'ria.  (Caspar, cort.  contus. ^ss;  aq. \
 bullient. Oj.   Macerate for two hours, and strain.) '•
 Dose, fgj to fgiij.                              j
   Infusum  Digita'lis,  I.  Digitalis purptlrea,
 Infusion of Foxglove.  (Digital.  £j ; aq. bullient.
 Oss;  fi'iicf.  cinnamomi, f^j.  Macerate   for  two
 hours, and  add sp. cinnam. f^j.)  Dose, f 5j.
   Infusum  Dios'm^e,  Ph.  U. S.. 1842, /. Buchu,
 Ph. U. S.,  1851,  Infusion ofi  Buchu.   (Diosm.
 §j ; aq. bullient. Oj.  Macerate for four hours in
 a covered vessel, and strain.—Ph. U. S.)   Dose
 f^iss.
   Infusum  Eupato'rii,  Infusion  of Thorough-
 icrt.   (Eupotor. j|j ; aq. bullient. Oj.  Macerate
 for  two  hours, and strain. — Ph. U. S.)   Dos'

   Infusum  Gentia'n^e Compos'itum,  Compound
 Infusion ofi Gentian.  (Gentian,  cont. 3?s> Au-
rmit. cort., Codandr. contus. aa JJj ; alcohol, dibit.
 f'^iv;  aqua, f.^jxij.  First  pour on the alcohol,
 and three hours afterwards, the  water; then ma-
 cerate  for twelve hours, and  strain.—Ph. U. S.)
 Dose, f^j to i'^ij.
   Marsden's  Antiscorbu'tic Drops, an empirical
 preparation, consist of a solution of corrosive sub-
 limate  in an infusion ofi gentian.
   Infu'sum  Hu'mui.i,  /.  Lu'pitU,  Infusion of
 Hops.   (Humnl. j^ss: aq. bullient. Oj.   Macerate
 for  two hours,  and strain. — Ph. U. S.)  Dose,
 f^iss to f^iij.
   Infusum Junip'eri, Infiu'sion ofi Ju'niper. The
 common mode of making this  infusion  is by an
 ounce  of Juniper  Berries  to a  pint  of boiling
 wale,-.   The  whole may be taken in the  twenty-
 four hours.
   Infu'sum  Kuame'ri^:, Infusion of Rhat'any.
 (Kramer, contus. §j ; aq. bullient. Oj.   Macerate
 for four hours, and strain. — Ph. U. S.)   Dose,
 fgiss.
   Infusum Lini, I.  L. compositum.
   Infusum  Lini Compos'itum (Ph. U. S., 1851),
 /. Lini (Ph. U.  S., 1842), /.  Lini usitatis'simi.
 Infusion of Linseed, Flaxseed  Tea.   (Lini sent.
 cont. ^ss ; glycyrrh. rad. cont. !Jij ; aqua  bullient.
 Oj.   Macerate  for two hours, aud strain.)  Dose,
 a teacupful, ad libitum.
   Infusum  Lupuli, Infusum Humuli — i. Malti,
 Wort.
   Infusum Mati'co,  Infusion of  M,,;iro.  (Ma-
 tico, 3>s (avoirdupois);  aq. bullient.  ().»s  (Imp.
 mens.).  Infuse for an hour, and strain.—Ph. ]).)
 Dose,  I51SS to l'3ij.
   Infusum M enth.e Vnt'mis, Infusion of Spear-
 mint, Mint Tea.   (.Mentha  vivid. ."iij; mp bnlli.
 eut. Oss.  Infuse for an hour, and strain.—Ph. J).)
 D..se,  f'^j  to f^iij.
   Infusum Pauei'r v., Infusion of Pareira Brant,
 (Pareir, IJvj ;  aq. bullient. Oj (Imp. mens.).  In-
 fn-e for two hours, and  strain.-—l'h. E.)   Disc,
 l'3.i "r f3'J-
   Infusum Picis Empyreum atic.i: Liquida-.. see
 Pinus sylvestris — i.  Picis liquidum,  see  Pinus
 sylvcMris—i. Polygahe, Infusum Senegas.
   Infusum Pruni Virginia'na.. Infusion of Wild
 Cherry  Bark.   (Priin.  Virginian, cont. ^ss ;
 aqua, Oj.   Macerate for  2f hours, and strain.—
 Ph. U. S.)  Dose, f^j to f'3-iij.
   Infusum Quass'iac, /. Quassia  excelsa, Infu-
 sion ,,/'  Quassia.   (Quassia Ugn.  cont. 5Jij;  aq,
 (frigid.)  Oj.   Macerate  for twelve  hours, mid
 strain.—Ph. U. S.)  Dose, f'5J to  <3*iv.
   Infusum Rhei, An'ima Rhei, Infusion of Rhu-
 barb.   (Rhei.  cont. 3J i "1- fen'. Oss.  Macerate
 for  two hours,  and  strain. — Ph. U. S.)  Dose,
 -'3.1 t() f5'v-
   Infusum Rosa? Compos'itum, /.  Rosa Gal'lica,
 Infusion of the Rose.   (Ros. Gallic, giv ; aq. bul-
 lient.  Oiiss ;  acid, sulph. d. f ^Jiij ; sacch. purif.
 ^iss.  Add the water, and  afterwards the acid ;—
 macerate  for half an  hour; strain, and  add  the
 sugar.—Ph. U. S.)  Dose, f^iss to Oss.
   Infusum  Sarsaparil'l.*:, Infusion of Sarsa-
 parilla.  (Siirsajiarill. contus. ^j ; aqua bullient.
 Oj.   Digest for two hours  in  a covered vessel,
 and strain.—Ph. U. S.)  It may also be prepared
 by displacement.  Dose, f^ij to f.^iv.
   INFUSUM Sass'afhas. /. Sassafras medulla, In-
 fusion of Sassafras Pith, 31 ileilage  of Stiswfr,,*
 Pith.   (Sassafras wed nil.  t^j ;  aqua (frigid.), Oj.
 Macerate  for three hours, and strain.—Ph. U. S.)
 An  emollient collyrium,  and a demulcent drink.
   Infusum Sen'eo.f,. Infusum Polyg'ula, Infusion
 of Senekn. (Seneg. 5Jx ; aq. bullient. (Imp. meas.).
 Infuse for four hours, and  strain.—Ph. E.) Dose,

   Infusum  Senna:, /. S. Compos'itum, I. Cn**ia
 Senna  sen Senna simplex, Infusion of Senna.
 (Senna, ,^j :  eoriaudr. cont. %j ; aq.  bullient. Oj.
 Macerate  for  an hour,  and strain.—Ph.  U. S.)
 Dose, f ^j to fj|iv.
   The 'li/ael:  Draught, Black Dose, Black bottle,
 Haustus niger, is usually formed of this infusion.
 It may  be made of infits. senna, ft^v ; nq. cinnttm.
 f^j ;  manna,  giv ; magncs. sulph. ^vj-   Dose, a
 wineglassful.
   Scht-ny's Prepared Essence  of Senna  is a con-
 centrate'! infusion of the  leaves  in combination
 with an alkali.
   Infusum Senna: Compositum, I. sennas.
    Infusum Serpenta'ria5. Infusion of  Virginia
 Snakeroot.   (Serpentar.  ^ss;  aq.  bullient. Oj.
 Macerate for two hours, and strain.—Ph. U. S.)
 Dose, f^iss.
    Infusum Sim u:u'u i:.  Infusion of Slnmmlm.
 (Simantb. cort. cont. ^iij : nq. fervent. Oj.  Ma-
 cerate f>r two hours, and strain.—Ph. E.) Dim',
 f'o.) to 'o'.l-
    Infu'sum   Spice'lia?,  Infusion of  Pinknml.
 (Spigel. 5ss ; aq. hnlUenl. Oj.   Macerate for two
 hours,  aud strain. —Ph.  U. S.)  Dose,  f,$iv  to

I 0ss-
    Infusum Tab'ui. Infusion  of  Tobacco.  (Ta-
 . bad fiol. Zj :  a'l- fere. (Ij.   Macerate for an hour,
 and strain!—Ph."U. S.)  Half of this peranum  in
; strangulated hernia.
ii   Infusum Tarax'aci, Infusion of Dun'deliun. 
INGA
499
INITIS
(Taraxac. contus.  ^ij ; aq.  bullient. Oj.  Mace-
rate for two hours, and strain.—Ph. U. S.)  Dose,
f^i-s, as a diuretic, <fec.
  Infusum  Ulmi,  Infusion of Slip'pery Elm,
Slippery  Elm  Tea.  This  preparation,  in  the
Pharmacopoeia of the United States, is made by
infusing one ounce of slippery elm bark in a pint
of boiling wnter.
   Infusum Valeria'na5:, Infusion of Vnlc'rian.
(Rail,  valerian, in crass, pulv.  ^ss; aq. bullient.
Oj. Macerate for an hour, and strain.—Ph. U. S.)
Dose, f.^iss to gij.
   Infusum Zingib'eris, Infusion of Ginger, Gin-
ger Tea.  (Zingib. contus. J ss ; aq. bullient.  Oj.
 Macerate for two hours, and strain.—Ph. U. S.)
 Dose,  f.^iss to  f.^ij, as a carminative.
   INGA.  A  genus  of  plants,  Ord.  Legumi-
 nosa',  belonging  to South America, many of  tbe
 species of which are possessed  of astringent pro-
 perties.   Inga  bark is used  in  South America as
 a tonic  astringent in  diarrhoea,  gonorrhoea,  ic.
 An extract, prepared  from  it, possesses all  the
 properties of rhatany.
   INC.ENTUM (.Morbi).   The nature or genius
 of a disease,  from j'n,  and  geno, for  gigno,  ' to
 generate.' This word is employed, especially by
 the French,  synonymously with  nature.  Tbey
 ppcak, for instance,   of   Ginie  infiammntoire,
 bilieux, <fcc.  Some, also, use ginie in the place
 of type of an  intermittent.
   INGES'TA, from  ?'«, and gererc, gestnm,  'to
 bear or carry into.'  Substances, introduced into
 the body by the digestive passages;  as food, con-
 diments,  drinks, <fec.
   IN GLU'YIES,  Aples'tia, Victfis  intemperan'-
 tia:—Gluttony, Insatiableness; also, the Crop or
 Criim  or Gorge of Birds, (F.) Jabot; and the first
 stomach or paunch of ruminant  animals—Pen'ula,
 Rumen,   Venter  mngiius, (F.)  Pause,  Herbier,
 Double.   Also, the Pharynx.
   IXGRAS'SIAS,  APOPH'YSES   OF.   The
 lesser alas of the sphenoid bone.
   INGRAYIDATIO, Fecundation, Pregnancy.
   I.N'GRAYIUATION, Fecundation, Pregnancy.
   IXGRESSUS  SUPERIOR, Cardia.
   INGUEN,  Bubon, Bubo, 'the  groin,' (Prov.)
 Lank,  Lust,   Disk,  Lesk; yEthc'on,  He'patis
 einiincto'ria, (F.) Aine.   The oblique  fold or de-
 pression  which separates the abdomen  from the
 thigh.  It is only, properly speaking,  a  line that
 extends from the anterior  and superior spinous
 process of the ilium  to the middle part of the
 horizontal ramus of the pubis.   Also,  the genital
 organs.
   IN'GUINAL, Inguina'lis, from inguen, ingui-
 uis, -the groin.'  Belonging or  relating to  tbe
 groin.  This epithet  has been given  to various
 parts  met with in the region of the groin or in-
 guinal region.
   Inguinal Artery is that  portion of the femoral
 nrtery situate  immediately beneath  the crural
 arch in the inguinal region.
   Inguinal  Canal is a canal, about  two inches
 in length, proceeding  obliquely  downwards, in-
 wards and forwards at the  lower part of the  ab-
 domen ; through which passes the spermatic cord,
 in men, and the round ligament of  the  uterus in
 women.  This canal is formed, inferiorly and  an-
 teriorly, by the aponeurosis  of the  greater oblique
 muscle:  posteriorly by the fascia transversalis,
 which is joined to the preceding aponeurosis, and
 forms  with it a deep channel, into which are re-
 ceived the lesser oblique  and transversalis mus-
 cles.   The inguinal canal has two apertures:  the
 one, the loir,,- and inner, is  called  the  inguinal or
 abdominal ring.   It  is  bounded  by two strong
 tendinous pillars  which fix it—the  innermost to
 the symphysis, tho outermost to the spine of  the
 pubis.   The upper and outer aperture is formed
by the fascia transversalis.   From  the edge of
this  aperture arises  a membranous  funnel,—a
prolongation of the fascia transversalis,—which
receives the spermatic vessels; forms their proper
sheath, and accompanies them as far  as  the tes-
ticle.   On  its inside lies the  epigastric  artery.
Above it, is  the lower edge of the  transversalis
muscle: and, below, it is bounded by the  channel
of the greater oblique.  By following the oblique
direction of this canal, and passing, consequently,
on the outside of the epigastric artery, the viscera
are displaced, so as to constitute internal inguinal
hernia.
   Inguinal  Re'gion,  Re'gio  inguina'lis, Bubo,
Inguen.   The region of the groin.
   Inguinal  Ring,  Abdnnlinnl. Ring, An'uulus
abdom'inis, (F.) Anneau Inguinal, is the inferior
aperture of the inguinal canal.
   IN'GUINO-CUTA'NEUS.  A name given by
Professor Chaussier to the  middle ramus of the
anterior branch of the first lumbar  nerve,  be-
cause it sends its numerous  filaments to the groin,
scrotum, and to the skin of the  superior part of
the thigh.
   INILERENS, Inherent.
   1N1IALATI0,  Absorption,  Inhalation—i. Cu-
tis, see Absorption.
   INHALATION, Inhala'tio; from  in, nnd Act-
Ittre, 'to breathe.'   The act of drawing air or va-
pour into  the lungs — Inhala'tio pnlmoiia'lis.
Also, absorption.
   INIIA'LER.  Same etymon.  An   apparatus
for inhalation.  Madge's  Inhaler is  an apparatus
for inhaling the steam of hot water, in affections
of the air-passages.   It consists  of a  pewter
tankard provided  with a lid, into which a flexible
tube is  inserted.  Through this  tbe vapour is
inhaled.
   INIIE'RENT,  Tnharens, (in, and  hareo,  'I
stick.')  That which adheres, or which is joined
or united to any thing.
   Inherent Cautery, (F.) Cautere  inherent, is
the actual cautery,  left  in contact with a part
until it is reduced to the  state of a deep eschar.
   INHUMATION,  Inhumiltin. from  inhtimo, in-
liiimntns, (in, and  humus,) 'I put into the  ground.'
 The sepulture ofi the dead.   This belongs to the
 subject  of medical  police.  Also,  digestion of
substances in earth or dung.  See Arenatio.
   IN IAD, see Inial.
   INTAL, from  tviov,  'the nape  of  the neck.'
 An  epithet,  proposed by Dr. Barclay, for an as-
 pect towards the plane of the ridge of the  occi-
 put.   Inind is  employed by him  adverbially to
signify 'towards the inial aspect.'
   INIENCEPH'ALUS,  (F.)  lnieneiphnle,  from
iviov,  'occiput,' and ryKtfaXos, 'encephalon.'  A
monster whose encephalon  is in  great part in the
cranium, and  in  part out  of it, behind, nnd  a
little beneath  the cranium, which  is  open in its
occipital portion.—I,  G. St. Hilaire.
   INIODYMl'S,  Diprosopus.
   IN I ON, tviov.  Some of  tbe  Greek  physicians
give this name  to the occiput, or the ridge of the
occiput: others to the back part of the neck, and
the  muscles of the  occiput.  Blancard says it is
tbe commencement of the spinal marrow.
   INIOI'S,  Ininpe, from  iviov, ' occiput.'and  ui/-,
'the  eye.  face.'  A  monster,  double  above the
umbilicus, which  has  two  ears very  near  each
other, or only  one median ear, and  above if, at a'
greater or less distance, a median orbit ami eve,
more or less imperfect.  The rudimi-ntal face ap-
pearing to be directly opposite tbe  principal face
suggested the name.—I.  <>.  St. Hilaire.
   INITIS,  Tnohymenltis,  from is, gen.  no?, 'a
fibre,'  and  itis, a  suffix  denoting inflamiualon.
Fibrous  inflaniinatioii. 
INITIUM                500            INNERVATION
  INITIUM,  Arche—i. Asperae arteriae, Larynx
—i. Extuberans Coli, Cascum.
  INIUM, tviov.   The nucha.  Also, the muscles
at the back of the neck.  See Inion.
  INJACULA'TIO,  (in,  and jaculor, jaculatus,
'to shoot.')  A term  employed by Van  Helmont
to designate an acute pain of  the stomach, with
rigidity and immobility of the body.
   INJECT'ED, Injec'tus, from injicere, injectum,
(in, and jacere, 'to throw into.')   The  face  and
other parts are said to be injected, when  the accu-
mulation of blood in the  capillary vessels gives
them an  evident  red colour.  A  subject or  part
of a subject is also said to  be injected, when its
vessels have  been filled, by the  anatomist, with
an appropriate composition.
   INJECTION,  lnjec'tio,  Eis'bole: same  ety-
mon.   The act of introducing, by means of a sy-
ringe or  other instrument, a liquid into a cavity
of the body.  The liquid injected  is also called an
injection.   Anatomists use  injections — Injectio'-
iies anatom'ica — for filling the  cavities of  ves-
sels,  in order that they may be rendered more
apparent, and their dissection  be  facilitated.  For
this purpose, they employ  syringes  of different
 dimensions, and  various  materials.   The  most
 common injections are  made  of  soot,  wax,  and
 turpentine, coloured with lamp-black, vermillion,
 &c.  There are three kinds chiefly used by  ana-
 tomists,— the coarse, tbe fine,  and  the minute.
 The following are formulae for each.

               Coaiise Injection.

                     No. 1.

   Pure yellow wax,  oz. xvj.
   Blenched rosin, oz. viij.
   Turpentine varnish, by measure, oz. vj.

                     No. 2.
    Yellow rosin, lb. ij.
    Yellow wax, lb. j.
    Turpentine varnish,  a sufficient quantity  to
     make the mixture flexible when cold.

                     No. 3.
    Tallow, lb. ij.
    White wax, oz. x.
    Common oil, OZ. vj.
    Venice turpentine, oz. iv.
 Mix and liquefy over a slow  fire or  over boiling
   water.

 To make any of these mixtures.
      Red — add vermillion,  oz. iij.
      Yellow — King's yellow, oz.  iiss.
      White—best flake white, oz. vss.
                  f best fluke white, oz. iiiss.
                  (fine blue  smalt, oz. iiiss.
      Dark-blue — blue verditer, oz. xss.
      Black — lamp-black, oz. j.
             (powdered verdigris, oz. ivss.
      Green -< best flake white, oz. iss.
             (powdered gamboge, oz. j.

                 Fine Injection.
    Brown spirit varnish, oz. iv.
    White spririt varnish, oz. iv.
    Turpentine varnish, oz. j.

 To make this mixture,
      Red — add vermillion, oz. j.
      Yellow — King's yellow, oz. j£.
      White — best flake white, oz. ij.
      ,.,,,,    f fine bine smalt, oz. iss.
      Light-blue  -K   , „  ,    . .'     .,
        °        ( best flake white, oz. jj.
      Dark blue — blue verditer, oz. iv.
      Black—lamp-black, oz. ss.
Pale-blue
              Minute Injection.
  Take of transparent size, broken  to pieces, or
    Isinglass, oz. viij.
     Water, lb. iss.   Dissolve.

To make this mixture,
    Red — add vermillion, oz. v.
    Yellow — King's yellow, oz. iv.
    White—best flake white, oz. v.
    Blue—fine blue smalt, ty/.. viij.
            (powdered verdigris, oz. iij.
    Green ■< best flake white, dr. ij.
            (ponxlered gamboge, dr. j.
    Black — lamp-black, oz. j.

  Beautiful injections, are  made with  ether as
the menstruum.

               Cold  Injection.

   White lead and  red lead, each, oz. iv; linseed
    oil, enough to form a thick paste when they
    are rubbed well together.  Liquefy this paste
    with  turpentine varnish, oz. viij.
  The advantage of this mixture is,  that tbe sub-
ject need not be heated.

  In  order to inject the arteries,  the  injection
must be forced from the great trunks towards
their ultimate ramifications. To inject the veins,
on the contrary, it is indispensable, on account of
their valves, to send the injection from the smaller
divisions  towards the greater.   The lymphatics
are usually injected with mercury.   The practi-
tioner injects, by forcing with a syringe, liquids,
such  as emollient,  narcotic,  stimulant, and other
decoctions or  infusions, into different hollow or-
gans, as the rectum, vagina, nasal fossas, urethra,
tunica vaginalis, auditory canal, &c., to  fulfil va-
rious therapeutical  indications.
   The following injection has  been strongly re-
commended by Dr. Horner  to preserve  the dead
body.
   Take of Liverpool, St. Ubes,
     or Turk's Island Salt,   oz. 36 avoird.
     Nitrate of potassa,       " 19
      Carbonate of Soda,       "  8
      3Iolasses (Sugar-house,)  "  4 by meas.
      Water,                 six pints.

   The saline constituents to be dissolved first of
 all in boiling hot water; the molasses to be after-
 wards stirred in ; the starch to be mixed well with
 half a. pint of cold water, and  then to be stirred
 in with the other articles.   As soon as  it. begins
 to  boil, the whole  mass swells  up, when it must
 be removed from the fire.   On the  proper reduc-
 tion  of temperature it is fit for  use.
   Injection, Matthews's,  see Tinctura cantha-
 ridis.
   Injectiones Anatomicje, see Injection.
   INK, Atramentum.
   INKBERRY, Prinos glaber.
   IN-KNEED, Entogonyancon.
   IN'NATE, from in,  and nascor, nafus, 'Iain
 born.'  Inborn.
   Innate Diseases, 31orbi conna'ti seu congen'-
 iti,  (F.) 3Ialadies innies.   Diseases with which
 the  infant is born.  They are not always heredi-
 tary, as hereditary diseases  are not  always innate.
   INNERLEITH'EN,  MINERAL  WATERS
 OF.  These springs, situate near the Tweed, and
 supposed to be the scene of "St. Ronan's Well,"
 contain  chlorides  of sodium  and calcium, and
 carbonate of magnesia.
   INNERVATION, Innerra'tio,  from in,  'in,'
 and nerriis, 'a nerve.'   By this term is meant —
 the nervous influence, necessary for the mainten-
 ance of life  and the functions of  the various or-
 gans;—an influence of whose character and source 
INNOMINATUM            501            INSCRIPTIONES
we are ignorant.  It seems to resemble the gal-
vanic or electric agencies.  See Nerves.
  INNOMINATUM, Anon'ymum, from in, 'ne-
gation,' and  nomen, 'a  name.'   (F.)  Anonyme.
Having no name.
  Innomina'ta Arte'ria, Brachio-cephal'ic ar-
tery,  Arte'ria anorlyma, Right Subclavian, (F.)
Artere innoininie, Artere brachio-ciphalique (Ch.),
is the trunk common to the right primitive carotid
and  to the subclavian.   It arises  from the ante-
rior part of the arch of the aorta, ascends obliquely
to the right, along the trachea;  and after a course
of about an inch in length, divides into two trunks,
which go  off  at right angles.  The one is exter-
nal— the right subelariaii proper; the other su-
 perior— the primitive carotid, of the same side.
   Innominata  Cartilago, Cricoid.
   Innominata  Cav'itas. A cavity of the outer
 ear,  between the helix and anthelix.
   Innominatum Fora'men.  A  foramen, near the
 middle of the anterior surface of the  pars petrosa
 of the temporal bone, leading backwards  for the
 passage of the Vidian nerve, reflected from the 2d
 branch of the 5th to the portio dura of the 7th pair.
   Innominata  Fossa, see Fossa — i. Linea, see
 Ilio-pectinea Linea.
   Invominati seu Anonvmi  Nervi.   Some ana-
 tomists have thus called the nerves of the fifth
 pair.
   Innominatum Os,  Os Coxen'dicis seu Coxa seu
 annn'ymitm seu pelvis latera'le,  (F.) Os innomini,
 Os  Coxnl, Os anonyme.  A  very  large, flat bone,
 which forms the anterior and lateral paries of
 the  pelvis.  It is  curved upon itself in two op-
 posite directions.  In the first periods of life, it
 is composed  of three portions: — the ilium, ischi-
 um, and pubis, which join each other in the ace-
  tabulum.  It is articulated before with its fellow,
 — behind  with  the  sacrum; and laterally with
 the femur.
   Innominata Mino'ua Ossa, Lesser  Ossa  in-
 nominata, Ossic'ula innominilta.   Some anato-
 mists have given this name to the three cuneiform
 bones of  the tarsus.
   Innominata  Ossicula,  Innominata  minora
 ossa—i. Tunica Oculi, Sclerotic.
   Innominate Vene, of Vieussens.  Vieussens
 has given this name to two or three  veins, which
 nrise on the  anterior surface and  right margin of
 the heart, and open into the auricle towards its
 right margin.  The term Ven.e  Innominate of
  Meckel  is  given to the brachiocephalic veins,
 which are generally included in  the description
 of  the subclavian vein, and correspond to the
 arteria innominata, being formed by the union
 nf the internal jugular  vein and  the  subclavian
  properly  so called, which correspond to the com-
  uion carotid and subclavian arteries.
   INNOMINATUS. Anonymous.
   INNIITRITIO OSSIUM, Rachitis.
   IXOC'ULABLE.  Same etymon as the  next.
  Capable of inoculation, or of being communicated
  by  inoculation.
   INOCULATION, Inocula'tio,Insit"io, Insil'io
  variola'rum, from inoatlare, (in, and oculits, 'an
  eye,')  'to ingraft.'    Any  operation  by  which
  small-pox, for example, may be  artificially coin-,
  inunicated, by introducing the  virus of the parti-
 cular disease into the  economy, by means of a
 puncture or  scratch made in the skin.   When the
 word inoculation is used alone, it usually means
 that  for tbe  small-pox, — Variola'tion.   See
 Syphilization.
   Inoculation, Cowpox, Vaccination—i. Jenne-
 rian. Vaccination.
   INOC'ULATOR, same etymon. In'sitor.   One
 who practises inoculation.
   INODULAR TISSUE, see Tissue, inodular.
   I NODULE, Tissue, inodular.
  INOHYLOMA, Tumour, fibrous.
  INOHYMENTTIS : fromis, gen. ivos, 'afibre ;'
'vnnv, 'a membrane,' and itis, denoting  inflam-
mation.  Infiamma'tio tela fibro'sa.  Inflamma-
tion of the fibrous tissue.
  INO.MA, Tumour, fibrous.
  INONt'TION, Inunction.
  INOPOLYPUS, see Polypus.
  INORGAN'IC, Inorgarlicus, Unor'ganized,
(F.)  Iuorgnnique ; from  in,  'negation,' and or-
gan urn,  'an organ.'   A  term applied to bodies
which  have no organs ; — such as minerals.  At
the present day,  naturalists  admit of but  two
classes of bodies,— the organized and inorganic.
Parts of the body  which,  like the epidermis, are
devoid  of  blood-vessels  and  nerves, have  been
called anorganic.
  INOSCLERO'MA, from is, gen. ivos, 'a fibre,'
and  oKXnpioua, 'induration.'   Induration  of the
fibrous tissue.
  INOSCULATIO, Anastomosis.
  INOSIS, Hyperinosis.
  IN'OSITE,  In'osit, 3Iusele sugar ; from is, ivos,
'a fibre.'   An unfermentable sugar, found only in
the juice of the cardiac muscle.—Lehmann.
  INOSTEATO'MA, from is, ivos, 'a fibre,' and
steatoma.  A tumour of a mixed fibrous and  stea-
tomatous character.
  INQUIES,  Inquietude.
  INQUIETATIO, Inquietude.
  INQUI'ETUDE, Inqiiietildo,%fu'quics,  Inquie-
ta'tio, Jactita'tio, from in, 'negation,' and quies,
'rest.'  Agitation  or trouble, caused by indispo-
sition.  Restlessness.
  INQUINAMENTUM,  Miasm.
  INQUISITIO MEDICO-LEGALIS, see   Me-
dico-legal.
  INSALIVATION, Insoliva'tio, from in,  and
saliva.   The mixture of the food with the saliva,
and other secretions of the mouth.
  INSALU'BRIOUS, Insahlbris, Nose'ros, No-
so'des.  That  which is unhealthy,—which injures
the health.
  INSANABILIS, Incurable.
  INSANE, Lisa'nits;  from in,  'negation,' and
saints,  'sound;'  Aliena'tns, Crazy,  3Iad,  Non-
sane, Demented, Deranged, Bedlamite, (Sc.)  Daft,
 Wod,  (F.) AliinS, Foil,  lusensi.   One affected
with mental aberration, or of unsound mind.
  INSANIA, Mania—i. Cadiva, Epilepsy—i. Lu-
pina, Lycanthropia—i. Puerperarum, Mania, puer-
peral.
  INSANITAS, Insanity.
   INSANTTY, Insa'nia, Insan'itas.   Same  ety-
mon.   .Mental aliena'tion, Abaliena'tio  seu  Alie-
natio  3tcntis,  Arrep'tio,   Unsound  3lind,  De
rauqe'ment, DerangcA intellect, Cra'ziness,  (Sc.)
 Da flirt, Duffing,  Wodnes; Aphros'yne, Ecphro'-
uia,   Ecphros'yne,    Parallage,   Parallax' is,
Delir'ia, Vesa'nice,  Delir'ium (Crichton),  Insi-
pien'tia, (F.)  Folic,  Egarement a"Esprit, Para-
 phrinie.   This term  includes all the varieties of
unsound mind, — Mania, Melancholia, Moral In-
sanity, Dementia, and  Idiocy.  A slight degree
of  insanity is  sometimes  popularly  called " a
kink in the head;" in  Scotland, "a bee in the
bonnet."
   Insanity, Homicidal, see Homicidal—i.  Inco-
herent,  Dementia—i.  Moral,  Pathomania —i.
Puerperal, Mania, puerperal—i. Religious, Sebas-
tomania—i. Senile, Delirium senile—i. Suicidal,
see Suicide.
   INSANUS, Insane.
   INSCRIPTION, see Matriculate.
  INSCRIPTIO'NES  TENDIN'E.E  MUSCU-
LO'llUM, Intersectio'ncs sen Enervatio'nes  ten-
ilirlea musculo'rum, Interme'dia Ugamenta'lia seu
tier'vea.  The  tendinous  portions  which  cross 
INSEMINATION
502
INSTINCTIVE
several  muscles, and especially the straight mus-
cles of the abdomen.
  INSEMINATION, see Ejaculation.
  INSENESSENTIA,  Agerasia.
  l.YSENSE. Insane.
  IN-ENSTBIL'ITY,  Ana.sthe'sia,  Insensibil i-
tas.   Loss or absence of sensibility.   It is very
common in cerebral affections, and may extend
to every part,  or be  limited  to  one  or  more.
Some organs are much more sensible than others.
The bones, cartilages, ligaments, Ac, are insen-
sible in health, but acutely  sensible in disease.
  TNSEN'SIBLE, Sensihilita'te  car-ens.    That
which is devoid of sensibility.  This word  is ap-
plied, also, to phenomena which cense to be ap-
preciable to the senses.   Thus, we say, the pulse
becomes insensible.
  INSERTION, Inser'tio,  Sympllysis,  Eno'sis,
from  iuserere, insertum, (in. and serere, ' to join
or  knit.')   'to ingraft.'  (F.) Attache.   The  at-
tachment,  of  one part  to  another.   Insertions
occur  chiefly on bones, cartilages,  and fibrous
organs : thus, we speak of  the insertion  of mus-
cular fibres into a tendon or aponeurosis ; the in-
sertion of a tendon, aponeurosis, or ligament, into
a cartilage or bone.  The word insertion has like-
wise been  used  by pathologists for the act  of in-
oculating or introducing a virus into the body.
   INSES'SIO,*rom  insidere, insessnm, (in, and
sedere.) 'to sit in.'  This term  is,  sometimes.
applied to a vapour bath, the person being seated
in  a perforated  chair,  beneath which a vessel,
filled with hot water, or  the hot decoction of some
plant, is placed.   See Semicupium.
   INSESSUS, Bath, half.
   INSTCIUM. Isicium.
   TNSIDENTIA, Epis'tasis.  Any thing  which
swims  on  or in—the  urine, for example.   It is
 opposed to tbe Hr/pas'tasis or subsiden'tia.
   INSTPTENTIA, Insanity.
   INSITIO, Inoculation—i. Ciliorum. Blepharo-
 nlastice — i. Dentis, Transplantatio  Dentis — i.
 Variolarum, Inoculation.
   INSOLATION.  Tnsola'tlo, from  in, and  sol,
  tbe  sun :' Aprica'tio,  Helio'sis, Heliosis,  Helio-
 •ro'sis, Sirlasis.   Exposure to the sun.  Exposure
 of a patient to the ravs of the sun is, sometimes,
 had  recourse  to,  with  the view of rousing the
 vital forces when languishing,  or of producing
 irritation  of the skin.   Insolation is occasionally
 used in the same sense  as coup de soldi.
   In Pharmncy. insolation means  the drying of
 chemical and pharmaceutical substances.
   INSOLAZIONE   DE   PRI3IIVERA,  Pel-
 lagra.
   IN SO  M'NT A. Insnm'nitns, Snhara, Znara,
 Perdqiliitrn,  Perrroctn'tio, Ayp'rria, Ai/rt/p'nia,
 Ahyp'nia, Anyp'nia, Typhoma'nia, Sleep'lessness,
  Vif ilnnce, from in.   'negation,'  and somnus,
 ' sleep,'' absence of sleep.'   This may exist alone,
 and cqnstitute a true disease; or it  may be con-
 nected with another affection.   It is an unequi-
 vocal sitrn of suffering in some organ ; even when
 the natient experiences no pain.
   TNSOMNTUM, Somninm.
   TNSPECTIO  MEDICO-LEGALIS,  see Me-
 dico-leeal.
   INSP1RA TEUR, Inspiratory.
   INSPIRATION, Tnspirn'tio, Empnertmnto'sis,
 Eisyr'noe, Adspirn'tin,  Aspira'tio, from in, ' in,'
 and spiro, 'I breathe.'   The action by which the
 nir penetrates into the  interior of the lungs.  A
 movement opposed to that of expiration.  As re-
 gards  the average quantity of air received into
 the lungs at each inspiration, there is much  dis-
 crepancy  aniontrst observers.  The following table
 sufficiently exhibits this: —
                                 Culiic inches nt
                                each inspiration.
  Reil........................................  42 to 100
  Men/.ies,       ]
  Sauvages,
  Hales,
  Haller,
  Ellis,          j-......................  40
  Sprengel,
  Sommering,
  Thomson,
  Bostock,
  .Turin......................................  35 to 38
  Fontana..................................  .'15
  Richerand...............................  30 to 10
  Dalton.....................................  .".II
  Jeffreys...................................  2(1
  Herbst.....................................  21 to :;0
  Herholdt..................................  20 to '!<)
  Jurine and Coathupe..................  20
  Allen and Pepys.......................  Hi}
  J. Borelli.................................  15 to -10
  Goodwvn.................................  11
  Sir II. Davy............................  13 to 17
  Abernethy and Mojon ...............  12
  Keutsch..................................   6 to 12
  Inspiration of Venous Blood.   By this is
meant  the aspiration  of blood towards the heart,
occasioned by  the  approach  to a vacuum  pro-
duced  by  the dilatation of the thorax during in-
spiration.
  INSPIRATORY.   Same etymon.   Inspirit.
tio'ni inser'vieris, (F.) Inspiratenr.  A name given
to muscles, which, by their contraction, augment
the size of the chest, and thus  produce  inspira-
tion.   The  diaphragm and intercostal  muscles
are  the chief  agents of inspiration.  In  cases
where  deep inspirations are necessary, the action
of these muscles is  aided by tbe contraction of
the pectoralis major and pectoralis minor, snbcla-
vius, serratus major anticus, scaleni, serratus pns-
ticus superior, <fee.  Most  of these  muscles be-
come inspiratory, by taking their fixed point nt
the part  which they ordinarily move, and ele-
vating  the ribs.
  INSPIS'SANT, Inspis'sans.   Same  etymon as
the next.   Any remedial  agent, that renders the
blood thicker, directly, or indirectly.   The oppo-
site to  diluent.
  INSPISSATIO, Pi/ena'sis, from in, and spit-
sure, spissatum, ' to thicken.'  The act of render-
ing thick  ; as in the formation of an  extract —
Succns Inspissa'tus.
  INSTEP,  Collum pedis,  Neck-ofthe-foot, (F.)
Coude-pied, Con-de-pied.   The projection at the
upper  part of the foot, near its articulation with
the lea:—the tarsus.
  INSTTLLATIO. Instillation.
  INSTILLATION,  Enstalax'is,   Instilltt'tin,
from in, ' into,' and stilla, ' a drop.'   The act of
pouring a liquid drop by  drop.
  INSTINCT,  (L.) Iristinc'tus, (in, and stingun,
stinctum,  'to sting,')  'inwardly moved.'  Brh'tin,
Horrne.  The action of the living principle, when-
ever manifestly directing  its  operations to the
health, preservation, or reproduction of a living
frame   or  any  part  of  such  frame—.Voli'mi-n
nntn'rte salitta'rium.   The law of  instinct is,
consequently,  the  law of the  living  principle,
and instinctive actions  are  the actions of the
living  principle.  Instinct is natural.  Reason  ia
acquired.
  INSTINCTIVE.  Instinc'tus.  Same  etymon.
Relating to or caused by instinct; as imtiw-tn-t
actions.  See  Emotional.  Those instinctive ac-
tions of animals which are owing to impressions
made  on the sensory ganglia, exciting respondent
motor influences that are  propagated to the va-
rious muscles of the body, are termed consen'sued. 
INSTITUTES  OF  MEDICINE  5 0
3             INTERCOSTAL
Consensual movements which  accompany volun-
tary efforts without our consciousness  are termed
associated, (F.) Associis.
  INSTITUTES  OF MEDICINE, see Theory
of medicine.
  INSTITUTUM  ORTHOP^EDICUM,  Ortho-
pedic  institution.
  IN'STRUM ENT, Instrumerltum, Or'ganum.  A
tool, an agent.
  INSTRUMENTA. Pudibilia.
  1NSTRUMENTUM  CHIRUR'GICUM.   A
surgical tool or instrument.
  Instrumentum  Digestionis.   The  digestive
apparatus.
  Instrumentum Instrumentorum, Manus.
   INSUFFICIENCY, (F.) Insufiisance; from
in, and sufficient.  Inadequuteness to  any end or
purpose,—"lis  Insufficiency  of the  valves ofi the
heart. (F.) Insuffisnnce des  valvules till Co'iir;—a
condition  in which they are not adapted, as in
health, to properly close the apertures.
   lA'SUFFlSANCE, Insufficiency.
   lA'SUFFISANCE  DES VALVULES DU
 CIPUll, Insufficiency of the valves of the heart.
  INSUFFLATION, Insuffitltio,  from in, sub,
wad Jin re, 'to  blow.'  The  act of blowing a gas
or vapour into some cavity  of the body; as when
tobacco smoke  is injected into the rectum ;  or
when air is blown into the  mouths of new-born
children to excite  the respiratory functions.
   INSULA, Insula cerebri.
  In'sula Cer'ebri,  Island or In'sula of Reil.
The intermediate lobe of the  brain, Lobus intcr-
me'dius cer'ebri.  A remarkable group  of convolu-
tions  within the fissure  of  Sylvius.  It is called,
by Cruveilhier, Lobule of the Pis-sure  of Sylvius,
Lobule of the  corpus  striatum.  The 'island'  of
Reil,  with the  substantia  perforata,  forms  the
base of the corpus striatum.
   Insula Sanguinis, see Blood.
   INSULiE, Maculae albas —i. Pulmonales, see
Pulmo.
  INSULTUS. Attack,  Paroxysm.
   INSURANCE OF  LIFE, see Life  Insurance.
   INTEGRITAS, Sanitas,  Virginity.
   INTEG'UMENT,   Integiimen'tum,   Tegnmeil-
turn,  Teg'umen,  Tcg'imen,   Tegmen, Invoblcriim
Beu  Velumen'tum corp'oris   commit'ne;  Vela'men
seu  Velanientitin  nati'vum,  from  in, and tegere,
tectum,  'to cover.' (F.) Tignment.  Any thing
which serves to cover, to envelop.  The skin, in-
cluding the cuticle, rete  mucosum, and cutis vera,
is the common  integument or tegument of the body.
  INTEGUMEN'TA FCETUS.  Membranes  of
the foetus.
  INTEGUMENTUM,  Integument — i.  Com-
mune, Integument.
  INTELLECT, Intellec'tus, ATous, 3fens, Gnome,
Ntros, Nus, Noe'sis, Syn'esis, from intelligere, in-
tellectual,  (inter,  'between,'  and  legere,  'to
choose;')  'to  understand,' 'conceive,'  'know.'
(F.)   Entendement, Intelligence.   Tbe  aggregate
of the intellectual faculties — perception, forma-
tion of ideas, memory, and judgment.
  Intellect, Deranged, Insanity.
  INTELLIGENCE, Intellect.
  INTEM'PERANCE, Intemperan'tia ; Immode-
ran'tin, linmodc.ra'tio, Acra'sia, Acola'sia, Pies'-
mone, Amet'ria, Aples'tia,  from  in,  'negation,'
and temper-are, 'to temper.'  Immoderate use of
food and drink,  especially the latter;—a fruitful
source of disease.
  INTEMPER'IES.   Same etymon. Dyscra'sia.
Derangement in the constitution  of  the atmo-
sphere and of the seasons ;  bad constitution ; de-
rangement or  disorder in  the  humours of the
body.
  INTENSTVUS,  Entaticus.
  INTENTION, Inten'tio,  from in, and tendere,
tensum  sen tenium, 'to  stretch.'   Propos'itum.
The object which  one  proposes.   In surgery, a
wound is said to heal by the first intention, Reu'-
nio per primam intentio'nem, when cicatrization
occurs without suppuration ;  union by the second
intention,   Ralnio  per  secun'dam  intentio'nem,
being that which does not occur until the surfaces
have suppurated.   To obtain union  by tbe  first
intention, the edges of  a recent wound must be
brought in apposition and kept together by means
of adhesive plasters and a proper bandage.  Del-
pech has  substituted for those expressions, Ri-
union primitive, and Reunion seconduire.
   INTERANEA,  Entrails.
   INTERARTIC'ULAR, Interartiaila'ris; from
inter, ' between,' and articulus,  ' a joint.'  Paris
situate between tbe articulations are so  called ;
as  interartieular cartilages,  interarticnlur  liga-
ments, Ac.
   INTERCA'DENCE,   Intercaderltia,  Interci-
daltia, from inter, 'between,' and cadere,  'to
fall.'  Disorder of the arterial pulsations, so that,
every  now and  then, a  supernumerary pulsation
occurs.  The pulse, in  such case, is said to be
intercurrent.
   INTER'CALARY, Intercala'ris, Inter'cirlens,
from intercalare, ' to insert.'  Embolimos, Inter-
pola'tus, Provocuto'tins.   The days which occur
between those that are critical.  The term  has,
also, been  applied to the days of apyrexia in  in-
termittent fevers.
   INTERCELL'ULAR, Inter-celluhlris, (F.) In-
tercellulaire; from inter, ' between,'and  cellula,
' a small cell, a  cellule.'   That which is between
cells or cellules.
   Intercellular  Fluid, Liquor Sanguinis.
   Intercel'lular Passages.  A  term given hy
Mr. Rainey to  irregular  passages through  the
substance  of  the lung,  which form  the termina-
tions of the bronchial  tubes, are clustered with
air-cells, and not lined  by mucous membrane.
   Intercellular  Substance, see  Cytoblastema.
   INTERCEPTTO, from inter, 'between,'  and
capere, ' to take.'   A  bandage, by the  aid of
which the ancients proposed to 'arrest the pro-
gress  of  the material  cause of gout and rheu-
matism;  and which consisted  in covering  the
affected limbs with  carded  wool; surrounding
them,  afterwards, with   broad bandages, applied
from the fingers to the axilla,  or from the toes
to the groin.
   Interceptio Intestinorum, Ileus.
   INTERCEIt VICA UN. Interspinals colli.
   INTERCIDENS, Intercalary.
   INTERCIDENTIA.  Intercadence.
   INTERC1LIUM. Mesophryon.
   IN T E R C L A V I C'ULAR, Interclavieula'ris,
from inter, 'between,' and clavicula, 'a clavicle.'
That which is placed between the clavicles.
   Interclavicular Lig'ament is a fibrous bun-
dle, placed transversely above  the extremity of
the sternum, between the heads of  the two clavi-
cles.   This ligament is  flat.  Its  fibres, which
are  always longer above  than  below,  are sepa-
rated by small apertures, which are traversed by
vessels.  It prevents the  separation of the  two
clavicles in tbe forced depression of the shoulder.
  INTERCOSTAL,  Intereosta'/is, from  inter,
'between,' and costn, 'a rib.'  Mesopleu'rus,  3/e-
sopleu'rins.  That which is  situate between the
ribs.   (F.) Sous-costnl.
  Intercostal Ar'teries vary in number. There
is constantly, however,  a supe'rior, Arte'ria, Iu-
tercosta'lis  supe'rior seu Intercosta'lis subclilvin,
which  is given off  from  the posterior part of the
subclavian, and which  sends branches into tbe
first two or three intercostal spaces; and, gene-
rally, eight or nine inferior or aortic intercostals.
These  arise from the lateral and posterior parts 
INTERCOSTO-IIUMERAL NERVES   504           INTERMITTENT
of the pectoral aorta,  and ascend obliquely in
front  of the vertebral column, to gain tbe inter-
costal spaces, where  tbey divide into a dorsal
branch and an  intercostal, properly so called.
  Intercostal Muscles are distinguished into
internal,.— inter-plivrocostaux of Dumas, — and
external.   The former are inserted into the inner
lip, the latter into tbe outer lip of the edge of the
libs.  The fibres of the external intercostals are
directed obliquely downwards and forwards; and
those of the  internal downwards  and backwards.
Both  are  inspiratory or expiratory  muscles, ac-
cording as they take their origin  on the upper or
lower rib.  Some small, fleshy fibres, seen occa-
sionally at the inner surface of  the thorax, de-
scending obliquely from one rib to another, have
been  called Infrucostales.
  Intercostal Nerve, Trisplanchnic nerve.
  Intercostal Nerves,  Branches  souscostales
(Ch.), Costal or Dorsal nerves, proceed from the
anterior branches of the  dorsal nerves.  They
are twelve in number,  and are distributed espe-
cially to the muscles of the parietes of the chest
and abdomen.
  Intercostal Space, Inter-vallum seu  Inter-
stil'ium  intercosta'le,  31esoplalrum,  3Iesoplal-
riiun, is the interval which separates one rib from
that immediately above or below it.
  Intercostal Veins are distinguished like the
arteries.   The  right  superior intercostal  vein  is
often wanting.  When it exists, it opens into the
back  part of the*subclavian.  The  same vein of
the left side is  very large.  It communicates with
the demi-azygos, receives the left bronchial vein,
and opens into the corresponding subclavian.  The
right  inferior intercostal, veins open into the vena
azygos : and  those of the left into  the demiazygos.
  INTERCOSTO-HU'MERAL  NERVES.   So
called from  their origin and distribution.  They
are the  cutaneous branches of  the second  and
third intercostal nerves.
  INTERCURRENT, Intercur'reus, from inter,
' between,' and currere, ' to run-.'   Diseases are
so called which supervene at different seasons of
tbe year, or  wRich cannot be considered as be-
longing to  any particular season. — Sydenham.
A disease  is  likewise so termed which  occurs in
the  course of  another  disease,  as Intercurrent
Pneumonia.
  INTERCUTANEOUS, Subcutaneous.
  INTERDE.N'TIUM, from inter, 'between,' and
dens,  dentis, 'a tooth.'  The interval  between
teeth  of the same order.—Linden.
  INTERDIGITAIRE. Interdigital.
  INTERDIG'TTAL, Interdigita'lis, (F.) Inter-
digitaire; from inter, 'between,' and  digitus, 'a
finger.'  That  which relates to  the spaces be-
tween the fingers.  Interdigital  space, (F.)  Es-
■pace  interdigitaire, is used, also,  for the commis-
sure between the fingers.
  INTERDIGIT"IUM. Same etymon as the last.
A corn or wart, which grows between the fingers
and toes, especially between the latter.—Pliny.
  INTEREPINEUN  CERVICAL'N, Interspi-
nals colli.
  INTERFEM1NEUM, Perinasum, Vulva.
  INTERFINIU.M  NARIUM, Septum narium.
  INTERFCEMIN'EUM,  (inter, ' between,'and
fiemen, femiuis,  the  inner part  of the  thigh,)
Perinasum, Vulva.
  INTERFORAMINEUM, Perinasum.
  I N T E R G A N GLION'IC, Intergangliorlicus,
from inter, ' between,' and ganglion, 'a knot.' An
e lithet for nervous  cords, placed between gan-
glia, which they connect together.
  INTERITUS, Death.
  ISTEELO'BAn,Irtterloba'ris,(F.)Interlobaire,
from inter, 'between,' and  lobus,  'a lobe.'   That
which is between lobes,—as of the lungs.
  INTERLOBULAR, Interliibula'ris, from inter,
'between,'  and  lobulus,  'a small  lobe.'   That
which is between lobules,—as  of the lungs.
  Interlobular Eissuues.   The  intervals be-
tween  the  lobules  of  the  liver.   The narrower
spaces are called Fissu'ra inter! obulu' res,\he wider
spa'tia inter''lobula'res.— Kollikt-r.   See Liver.
  Interlobular Plexus of the Biliary Ducts.
See Liver.
  Interlobular Spaces.   The  angular inter-
stices formed  in  the liver  by  the apposition of
several lobules.
  Interlobular Tissue,  Tectum iuterlobnla're,
Ligamen'tti iriterlobiila'ria pulmo'num.  The cel-
lular tissue between the pulmonary lobules.
  Interlobular Veins, see Liver.
  INTERMAXILLARY,  Intennaxilhlris, from
inter, ' between,' and  maxilla, ' a jaw.'   That
which is situate between  the maxillary bones.
  Intermaxillarv Bone,  Inclsire, Palatine,or
Labial bone, is a bony portion,  wedged in between
the two superior maxillary  bones, which supports
the upper  incisors.  This  bone is  found  in tbe
mammalia; and, also, in the human foetus.
  INTER31EDE, Excipient.
  INTERMEDIA LIGAMENTALIA seu NER-
VEA, Inscriptiones tendineae musculorum.
  INTER3IEDIAIRE DE WRISBERG, Por-
tio Wrisbergii.
  INTERMEDIATE  VASCULAR  SYSTEM,
Capillary system.
  INTERMENT, PREMATURE, Zoothapsis.
  INTERMIS'SION,  Intermis'sio,  Dia/eip'sis,
Dial ip' sis,  Tempus intercaltlre, Interval linn, from
inter, 'between,' and mittere,  missum, 'to  put or
send.'   (F.) Intermittence.   The  interval  which
occurs  between two paroxysms of an intermittent
or other disease—during which the patient is al-
most in his natural state.   There  is said to be
intermission of the  pulse, when, in a given num-
ber of  pulsations, one or more may be wanting.
  INTERMITTENCE, Intermission.
  INTERMITTENT, Intermit'tens.  Same ety-
mon. ^ That which has intermissions.
  Intermittent Fever,  Febris intermiltens, Di-
aleip'yra,  Intermittens,  Ariel its,  Pyretoti/po'sis,
Ague, Ague anil Ferer, Ferer and Ague, Pain'did
or  Pcriod'ic  Ferer,  (Prov.)  Aguh,  Cold-chill,
Shaking, Shakes, (Old Eng  )Aksis, Anggere,Axes,
(F.) Fievre intermitte.nte, F. d'Aeees, F.  ties  mo-
ral's, F. Pidoiliqiie, is a fever consisting of pa-
roxysms, with a complete state of apyrexia in the
intervals.   The chief  types  are  the  Quotidian,
Tertian, and  Quartan.  The symptoms of inter-
mittents are those  of a  decided and completely
marked cold stage:  (F.) Stade de froid, attended
with paleness; collapse; impaired sensibility; and
coldness, more or less diffused, followed by gene-
ral rigors.  After this occurs the hot stage ; Stade
de la Chaleur, the  heat returning  partially and
irregularly, and  at length  becoming universal,
and much  above the  standard of health.   The .
pulse is  now  hard  and  strong;  tongue white;
urine high-coloured;  thirst   considerable.   At
length, the sweating stage, (F.) Static tie Sueur,
makes  its appearance: the moisture usually be-
ginning on the forehead, face, and neck, and soon
extending universally;  the heat  abating; thirst
ceasing; the  urine throwing  down a sediment,
and  the functions  being  gradually restored to
their wonted  state.   The tertian type is the most
common, and  the quartan the  most severe.  The
quotidian  more readily changes into a remittent
and continued fever.  The quartan has, generally,
the longest cold stage, the tertian the longest hot.
The chief exciting cmtse  is  marsh  miasmata.
Ague, also, occurs in districts  where there are no
marshy emanations.   Such districts are, ^cue- 
INTERMUSCULAR          50
rally, of a volcanic nature; further we know not.  ]
When thedisea-e has once attacked an individual,  ij
it is  apt to recur.  Tbe prognosis is, in general,
favourable, as far as regards life; but long pro-  |j
tractcd  intermittents are apt to  induce  visceral  ;
obstructions, and engorgements, which  may end  j
ia dropsy.   In some  countries, the  disease is of
a very pernicious character.  The indications of  |
treatment  are, 1. To abate tbe violence of tbe
paroxysm;  and, 2.  To prevent its  return.   The!
first, indication demands the adoption of the gene-
ral principles and remedies required in ordinary
lever.   The  second is the most important.   The
period of apyrexia is that for action.  The means
i'.ir  fulfilling  this indication are: — the  use of
emetics, purgatives, cinchona, quinia, &c, arsenic,
and forcible impressions made on the mind of the
 patient.
   INTERMUSCULAR,  Interrnuscuhlris, from
 inter, ' between,' and musciilus, ' a muscle.'  That
 which is placed between muscles.
   Intermuscular  Aponeuroses  are  aponeu-
 rotic laminae or  septa, situate between  muscles,
 to which they often give attachment.
   INTER'NAL,  Inner, Inter'nus.   That which is
 placed on the inside.  This epithet is given  to
 parts  that look  towards an imaginary central
 plane, which divides the body into  two equal and
 symmetrical portions, as well as to those which
 correspond with a cavity.  Thus, we say—the in-
 tcrnal or inner surface ofi the arm or thigh, skull,
 &e.
   Internal Diseases. 3forbi inter'ni, are those
 which occupy the inner parts of the body.   Their
 investigation belongs  to  the physician ; external
 diseases  falling  under the management  of the
 surgeon.
   IS TERN A T.  The post or offico of an interne.
   IA'TERA'E, see House-Surgeon.
   IXTERNODIA  DIGITORUM MANUS,  Pha-
 langes of the fingers — i. Digitorum pedis,  Pha-
 langes of the toes.
   INTERNO'DIUM, from inter, 'between,'and
 nodus, 'a knot.'  The part of the fingers between
 the joints.   A phalanx.
    INTERNUN'CIAL, Internnncia'lis, from inter;
  'between,' andnuncins, 'a messenger.'' Relating
  or  belonging to a messenger between parties.  A
  term  applied by Mr.  Hunter to  the functions of
  the nervous system.
    INTERN if NTH DIES, Critical days.
    INTERNUS AURIS, Tensor tympani—i. Mal-
  lei, Tensor tympani.
    INTERROS'SEOUS, Interos'seus. That which
  is  situate  between the bones; from  inter, 'be-
  tween,' and os, ' a  bone.'
    Interosseous  Ar'teries of  the  Forearm
  and  Hano.  Of these there  are   several.  The
  common interosseous artery arises from the poste-
  rior part of the ulnar, a  little  below the bicipital
  tuberosity of the radius; passes  backwards and
  divides into  two branches: the  one called ante-
  rior interosseous descends vertically, anterior to
  the interosseous ligament; the other, called pos-
  terior interosseous, passes  above   the ligament,
  appears at its posterior part and divides into two |
  great branches,— the posterior recurrent rad in/
  and the posterior interosseous, properly so called.
  In tho band.— I. The dorsal metacarpal inferos- \
  semis arteries are given off by the dorsalis carpi,
  a division of the  radial artery.  2. The  palmar
  interasieons arteries, which arise  from the con-
  vexity of the deep palmar arch, and give off  the
 middle  interosseous arteries.  3.  The dorsal inter-
 osseous  of the index, proceeding directly from  the
 radial artery.  In  the foot, are distinguished: —
 1.  The  dorsal interosseous arteries, three in  num-
 ber, which arise from the artery of the metatar-
 sus, a branch of tho dorsalis tarsi.  2. The plantar
INTERSCAPULAR
interosseous  arteries,  which  are,  also, three  in
number, and arise from tbe plantar arch.
  Interosseous Lig'aments.  Ligaments seated
between  certain bones, which they unite; such
arc the ligaments  between the radius and ulna,
and between the tibia and fibula.
  Interosseou-s  Muscles.   These  occupy  the
spaces between the bones of tbe  metacarpus and
metatarsus ;  and, consequently, belong,—some to
the hand, others to tbe foot.
  Interosseous Nerve is a branch,  given off by
the median  nerve, which  descends before the in-
terosseous ligament,  accompanying the artery of
tbe same name.
   Interosseous Veins have the same  arrange-
ment as  tbe  arteries.
   Interosseus Manus, (F.) 3Iuscle iuterosseux
tie  la  main. — 3/itacttrpo-phnliingien-latiral sus-
palmrtire et ruitacaipo-phalitngien latiral, (Ch.)
These muscles are seven in number; two for each
of the three middle fingers, and one for  the little
finger.  Four are situate on the back of the hand,
and three only in the  palm.  Tbey are inserted
into the  metacarpal  bones, and send a tendon to
the tendon  of the extensor  communis.  Accord-
ing to their  office, they are, to each finger, an  ad-
ductor and  an abtluctor.   The index  has a dorsal
abductor and  a palmar one.  The middle finger
has two  dorsal muscles for  adductor and abduc-
tor ;  the  ring finger has a dorsal adductor and a
palmar abductor; and tbe little finger has only
one  interosseous abductor,  which   is   palmar.
These muscles produce abduction and adduction
of the fingers, which they can also extend, owing
to their  connexion with the extensor tendons.
   Interos'seus   Pedis,   3Iitatarso-phalangien-
 latiral, (Ch.)  The number, arrangement, shape,
and uses of these are the same as in the case of
 the preceding  muscles.   Four  are  dorsal, and
 three plantar: six belong to the three middle toes
 and one to the little toe.   The great toe  is devoid
 of them. As in tbe hand, they are distinguished,
 in each  toe, into abductor and adductor.
   Interosseus Secundus, Prior medii  digiti—i.
 Quartus, Prior annularis.
   1NTEROSSEUN DE LA 31A IN, Interosseus
 ma nils.
   INTERPARIETAL  BONE,  Os  Interparie-
 ttlle.  A bone found in the skulls of the children
 of the Peruvian  races.  It lies in  the  situation
 of tbe upper angle  of the occipital  bone, where
 the parietal bones separate from each other;  and
 is  tbe analogue of the interparietal bone of  ru-
 minants and carnivora.—Tschudi.
   INTERPEDUNCULAR, Interpeduncula'ris ;
 from  inter, ' between,' and pedunai/i, 'peduncles.'
 A term, applied to that which is placed between
 the peduncles of the  encephalon,—as Interpedun-
 cular space;  a  lozenge-shaped  interval, behind
 the diverging peduncles or crura of the cerebrum,
 in which are found the posterior perforated space,
 corpora  albicantia.   tuber cinereum,  or  infundi-
 bulum, and pituitary body.
   INTERPELLATES.  (.Morbus.) from intcrpel-
 lo, (inter, and jrello,) • I interrupt.'   A term, by
 which Paracelsus designated those ejiseases whose
 progress is unequal,  and paroxysms  irregular.
   INTERPLhVRO-C 0 ST A  UN, Intercostal
 muscles.
   INTERPOL ATI'S. Intercalary.
   INTERRUPTIO  MENSTRUATIONLS, Ame-
 norrhoea.
   INTERSCAPULAR,  Interscnpuhlris, (inter,
 and scapula.)  That which  is between the shoul-
 ders ; as the interscapular region.  The interscap-
 ular cavities,  Cavita'tes  interscapttla'res,  are  the
 depressions between tbe  scapulae and the spinous
 processes of the vertebras. 
INTERSCAPULIUM
50G
INTESTINE
  IN T E R S C A P U' LIU M.  The spine of the
scapula.
  INTERSECTIO, Decussation, Intersection.
  INTERSECTION, Intersec'tio, Diac'ope, from
inter, 'between,' and  seco,  sect it m, 'to  cut.'  The
point where two  lines meet and cut each other.
The name aponeiirot'ic  intersection is  given to
fibrous  bauds, which  certain  muscles  present in
their  length,  and  by  which  they seem inter-
rupted.  Aponeurotic intersections  are found in
the recti  muscles of  the abdomen ;  in  the semi-
membranosus, complexus,  sterno-thyroideus,  &c.
  INTERSECTIONES  TENDINE^E  MUSCU-
LORUM, Inscriptiones tendineae musculorum.
  INTERSEPIMENTUM  THORACIS,  Medi-
astinum.
  INTERSEPTA HORIZONTALLY PACCHI-
ONI, Tentorium.
  INTERSEPTUM, from inter, 'between,'  and
septum,  'a partition.'  Cion, kim.  The uvula;
also, tbe septum narium.   Tbe diaphragm.
  Interseptum Narium, Septum narium—i. Vir-
ginale. Hymen.
  INTERSPI'NAL,  Interspina'lis, from inter,
' between,' and spina, ' the  spine.'   That which is
seated between the spinous processes.
  Interspinal Lig'ament, 3fembra'na interspi-
na'lis, (F.) Ligament interipineiix.   These occupy
the intervals between  the spinous processes in  the
back and loins.   In the neck, they are replaced
by the muscles of the same name.   They prevent
the too  great flexion  of  the spine, and keep  the
spinous processes in situ.   The  outermost thick-
ened  portions  of these  are,  sometimes,  termed
Ligamen'ta a'picum.
  INTERSPINA'LES  COLLI, Spina'les  Colli
mino'res,  Spina'ti, (F.) liiteripinenx-cerdcuux,
Intercerricaux, (Ch.)   These  are twelve in num-
ber, and occupy,  in two  parallel rows,  the inter-
vals between the  spinous processes of the cervical
vertebrae,  from  that  of the  atlas and  vertebra
dentata, to that between  the last cervical and first
dorsal vertebra.  They are flat, thin, and quad-
rilateral.   These  muscles contribute to the exten-
sion of  the neck and  to throwing the head back-
wards.
  Interspinai.es  Dorsi et  Lumbo'rum; por-
tions  of the Traiisversnire-ipinen.r of Rover, and
the sacrospinal, of Chaussier.   These muscles are
of two  kinds.  The one (3Iusde  grand ipineux
du dos,  of Winslow)  representing fleshy bundles
of different lengths, applied upon tbe lateral  sur-
faces of  the spinous processes, from  the third
dorsal vertebra to the second lumbar.  The other
(Muscle petit ipineux du dos, Winslow) covered
by the preceding.  They are situate on each  side
of the interspinal ligament, in the form of small,
short flat bundles, which pass from one spinous
process to the  second,  third  or fourth above it.
These muscles aid in  extending the vertebral co-
lumn ; and incline it a  little to one side, when
they act on one side only.
  INTER'STICE.  Interstil'ium. Arao'ma, from
inter, 'between,'  and sto, 'I  stand.' Diaste'ma,
Intervalhtm.   Anatomists have given  this name
to the intervals between  organs.  The ?7i'«c crest,
crista ilii, for example, has two lips and an  in-
terstice between them, which  affords attachment
to the lesser oblique muscle of the abdomen.
  Interstice, Pore.
  INTERSTIT"IAL, luterstitia'lis, same  ety-
mon.   Applied to that which  occurs in  the inter-
stices of an organ,—as  'interstitial absorption,'
'interstitial pregnane}-,'  &c.
  INTERSTITIU.M, Interstice —i. Ciliare, Cili-
ary ligament—i. Intercostale, Intercostal space—
i. Jugulare, Throat.
  INTERTINCTUS, Discreet.
  INTERTRACHELIENS,  Intertransversalei
colli.
  INTER TRANSVE RSAIIIES   DES
LO.MBES. Intertransverses lutnboruin.
  INTERTRANSYERSA'LIS, fntcrtransvers,,'.
ritts.  That which  is placed between  the  trans-
verse processes of the vertebra'.
  Intertransversai.es Colli. (F.) lutertrans.
vcrsnire.s eervicaux, liitertrttchitiens, (Ch.)  These
are small, muscular bundles; quadrilateral; thin
and flat; situate, in  pairs, in  the intervals  be-
tween the  transverse processes of the neck, in-
cept between the first and second, where there is
only one.  They are distinguished into  anterior
and posterior.   Tbe former  are six  in  number;
the latter five.  These  muscles bring  the  trans-
verse  processes  of  the  neck nearer  each  other,
and contribute to the lateral  flexion of the neck.
  Interthansversales Lumbo'rum, .Miisculi in.
tertranseersi  hirubo'rttm, (F.) Intertrnnsrersairei
des lombes.  These  are almost entirely fleshy, and
ten in number;  five on  each side.   They are si-
milar to the preceding in general arrangement;
except that they are more marked, and not placed
in two rows.  Each  intertransverse space contains
only one.   They are quadrilateral, and flat.  The
first occupies  the space between the transverse
processes of the first lumbar and the lust dorsal
vertebra; and  the last  is between  that of the
fourth and fifth lumbar vertebras.  These mus-
cles incline the lumbar regions laterally; and
straighten it when inclined to one side.
  INTERTRIGO,  Chafing—i.  Podieis, Chafing.
  INTERVAL, LUCID, see Lucid.
  INTER VALLUM,  Intermission, Interstice—i.
Intercostale, Intercostal space.
  INTERVENIUM. Mcsopblebium.
  INTERVERTEBRAL,  Intervertehra'lis, (in-
ter, and vertebra.)  That which  is situate between
the vertebrae.
  Intervertebral Caii'tilages,  Fibro-cnrti-
Inges or discs, Ligamen'ta intervertebra'/ia, Fibrn-
cartilaif'ines intcrvcrtebnlles.  These organs are
of  a  fibro-eartilaginous nature;  sections of a
cylinder; flexible;  whitish;  resisting; and situ-
ate between the bodies  of  the  vertebras, — from
the space between the second and third as  fur as
that between the last vertebra and sacrum.  Their
form  is accommodated  to  that of the  vertebra
with which they are in connexion ; so that, in the
neck and loins, they are oval, whilst in  the dorsal
region they are nearly circular.
  Intervertebral Discs,  Intervertebral  carti-
lages— i. Fibro-cartilages,  Intervertebral  curti-

  INTESTABILIS, Castratus.
  INTESTATUS.  Castratus.
  IN TEST IN,  Intestine.
  INTESTINAL,  Intestina'lis,  Enter'icns, En-
ter'ic, (F.) Entiriquc, from intns, 'within.'  That
which belongs  to  the intestines, — as intestinal
canal, &c.  Bordeu uses the term Pouls intestinal
for a pulse, which he conceived to announce an
approaching crisis by the intestines.
  Intestinal Juice, Suceus entericus.
  Intestinal Tube or Tract, Cana'lis seu Tmc-
tns intestino'rum.   The canal formed by the in-
testines from the pyloric orifice of the stomach to
the anus.
  INTESTINE, Intesti'num,  En'teron,  Chorda,
Gut, Nedy'ia (pi.), Parltices (pi.), Bnel'li (pi.),
Bowel, (F.) Intestin, Boyan.  Same  etymon.  A
musculo-membranous canal, variously convoluted,
which extends from the stomach to the anus, and
is situate in the abdominal cavity; the greater
part of which it fills.   In man, its length  is six
or  eight times  that of  the  body.  It  is divided
into two principal  portions, called small intestine
and large intestine.    The  former, Intesti'num 
INTESTINORUM L-EVITAS    507
INULA
ten'ue, I. gmc'ile, (F.) Tntestin grele, constituting j
nearly four-fifths  of the whole  length, begins at
the stomach  and terminates in  the right iliac
region.  It is divided into duodenum, jejunum  and
ileum.   Some anatomists give the name mm// in-
testine to the last two only; which are kept in
place by the mesentery, and form a large puquet,
occupying the umbilical and hypogastric regions,
a part of tbe  flanks, of the  iliac  regions, and of
the cavity of  the  pelvis.  It is composed of, 1. A
serous membrane, which is peritoneal.  2.  Of a,
muscular coat,  whose  fibres are  very pale,  nnd
are placed,  in   part,  longitudinally;  but  the
greater  part transversely.   '■',. Of a whitish,  mu-
cous membrane;  villous, and  forming folds or
valves—valvula conniventes—at its  inner surface,
and  furnished  with a  number of  mucous  fol-
licles, called  glands of Lieberkiihn, (Crypts or
Follicles of Lieberkiihn,)  and  in the duodenum
with the glands  of  Brunner.  The  arteries of
the small intestine proceed from  the superior
mesenteric; its veins  open into the vena  porta.
Its nerves proceed from the  superior mesenteric j
plexus.   The large intestine, Intesti'num crassnm,
31eijuloctv'Ua, (F.) Gros intestin, forms a sequence
to the small.  It is  much  shorter, and is solidly
attached in the  regions of the abdomen which it
occupies.  It begins in the right iliac region ; as-
cends along the right flank,  till beneath the liver,
when it crosses  the upper part of tbe abdomen,
descends into tbe  left iliac fossa, and plunges  into |
the pelvic, cavity, to gain the  anus.   The great
intestine is ustially divided into three portions,—
the cacum, colon  nnd  rectum.  It receives its ar-
teries from the superior and inferior mesenteries.
Its veins open into the vena porta.  Its nerves
are furnished by the  mesenteric  plexuses.  Its
lymphatic vessels, which are much less numerous
than those of the small intestine,  pass into the
ganglions or glands seated between the different
reflections of the  peritoneum, which fix it  to the
abdominal  parietes.   The use  of the intestines
is,—in the upper  part, to effect the chylification
of tbe food and the absorption of the chyle;—in
the lower, to  serve as a reservoir, where the ex-
crementitious portion of the food collects; and,
also, as an excretory duct, which  effects its ex-
pulsion.
   INTESTINORUM  L.EVITAS, Lientery.
   I NT EST IN ULA CEREBRI, Convolutions
(cerebral)—i. Meibomii, Meibomius, glands of.
   INTESTINULUM. Funiculus umbilicalis.
   INTESTINUM CELLULATUM, Colon— i.
Circuinvolutum,  HIeon — i. Crassum, Colon,  see
Intestine — i. Gracile, see Intestine — i. Grande,
Colon — i. Laxum, Colon — i. Majiis, Colon—i.
Medium, Mesentery—i. Plenum,  Colon—i. Rec-
tum, Rectum—i. Tenue. see Intestine.
   INTIMUM UNGUIS. Nail,  root of the.
   INTONATIO   INTESTINALIS,  Borboryg-
mus.
   INTORSrO, Distortion.
   INTOXICATIO,  Poisoning —i.  Arsenicalis,
Arsenicismus—i.  Opiaca, Meconismus—i. Satur-
nina. Saturnismus.
   INTOXICATION. Poisoning,  Temulentia—?'.
Antimonial.e,  Stibialism — i. des  31arais,  see
Miasm.
   INTOXICA TION SA TURNl.YE.  Lead poi-
soning;   saturnine cachexy.  The  aggregate of
symptoms which present themselves prior  to an
attack of lead colic.—Tanquerel des Planches.
  INTRA LINGUAL   SALIVARY  GLANDS,
Bee Salivnrv glands.                             i
  INTRALOBTLAR. Intralolmla'ris; from ?n- '
tra, 'within,' and lobulus,  'a lobule.'   Relating
to the space within a lobule :—as the "intralobn- I
lar veins,"  ve.na  sen veil id of intralohula'res  seu |
eentra'lei, of the liver: — veins which  communi- I
cate with  tbe interlobular veins, and are the ra-
dicles of the hepatic veins.
  INTRA-PEL V/O TROCHANTER1EN, Ob-
turator internus.
  INTRA-UTERINE, Intraiiterlnus; from in-
tra,  'within,' and uterus,  'the womb.'   That
which  takes place within the womb — as 'intra-
uterine life'
  INTRICATURA, Decussation.
  INTRIN'SIC,  Intrin'secus; from intra, 'with-
in,' and seats, 'towards.'  Applied to the internal
muscles of  certain organs; as those  of the ear,
tongue, and larynx.  Linnaeus  gave  the name
Intrin'seei to internal diseases.
  INTROITUS PELVIS, see Pelvis—i. Vagina,
Rima vulvas.
  INTROMIS'SION,  Intromis'sio; from  intra,
'within,' and mitto, missum, T  send.'   The act
of introducing one body  into anocher,  as  Intro-
missio  Penis, (F.) Intromission  de la Verge.
  INTROSUSCEPTIO, Intussusceptio —i. En-
tropiuin, Entropion.
  INTUBUM, Cichorium endivia—i. Erraticum,
Cichorium intybus.
  INTUMES'CEXCE, Intumescen'tia,  One,,',,:,,
Dionco'sis,  from  intumescere, (in, and tuuicsccrc,
'to swell.')   Augmentation of size in a part or in
the whole of the  body.  Sauvages uses the  word
Intumescen'tia for an order of diseases, in which
he  comprehends  polysarcia, pneumatosis,  ana-
sarca, oedema, physconia, and pregnancv.
  INTUMESCENTIA GANGLIFORMIS.  Gan-
glion of Gasser, see Facial nerve—i. Lactea Mnm-
marum, Sparganosis — i.  Lienis, Splenoncus — i.
Semilunaris, Ganglion of  Gasser.
  INTUS INVERSUS, Transposition of the vis-
cera.
  INTUSSUSCEPTIO. from intus, 'within,'and
suscipio, susceptum,' I receive.' Introsuscep'tio. In
physiology: — the  mode  of  increase  peculiar to
organized bodies.  In pathology, like Convolvu-
lus, Volvulus seu Snscep'tio seu Pnrisngo'ge in-
testino'rum,  Chordnp'sus,  Euteroparisago'ge, In-
digita'tio, Torrnen'turn, and Iiivai/ina'tio, it means
the introduction of one part of the intestinal canal
— intussuscep'tum — into  another,  which serves
it as a  sort of vagina or sheath.  Generally, it is
the upper part of the small intestine, which is re-
ceived into the lower—intussuscijr'iens—when the
intussusception is  said to  be  progres'sive.  At
times, however, it is ret'rogrmle.  As the disease
cannot be positively detected by the symptoms,
it must  be treated  upon general principles.  At
times, the invaginated portion has separated and
been voided per anum, — the patient recovering.
The disease is,  however, of a  very dangerous
character.
  INTUSSUSCEPTUM,  see Intussusceptio.
  INTUSSUSCIPIENS, see Intussusceptio.
  INTYBUM, Cichorium endivia,
  INTYBUS  HORTENSIS, Cichorium  endivia.
  INULA,  see Inula  helenium—i. Britannica,
I.  dysenterica—i. Common,  I. helenium—i.• Co-
ny zasa, I. dysenterica,
  In'ula  Dysenter'ica.   The  systematic name
of the Lesser Inula, I. Britailuica seu Conyza'a,
Aster dysenter'icus  seu  undulu'tns,  Pu/ica'ria
dysenter'ica, Cony'za. C. media. Ar'nica Suederl-
sis  seu spu'ria, Cunila rnas'cnla seu me'dia, Cu-
nila''go, (Prov.) .Mare's fat, (F.) Annie  nntidys-
enririque, Herbe de Saint  Roch.  Nat. Ord. Com-
positae.   This plant was once considered to  pos-
sess great antidysenteric virtues.   The whole
plant is acrid and somewhat  aromatic.
  Inula Helen'ium.   The systematic  name of
the Elecampane, En'iiln,  E.  campa'na, Elen'ium,
Necta'rinm,  Helenium, Aster helen'ium  seu offici-
na'lis, Corvisar'tia helen'ium, Common Inula, iF.)
Annie  ou  Aunie officinale.   The root In'ula 
INUNCTIO
50
8                  IONIA
(Ph. U. S.) was formerly in high  esteem in  dys-
pepsia,  cachexia, pulmonary  affections, <tc.  It
is now scarcely used.
  Inula,  Lesser, Inula dysenterica — i. Squar-
rosa, Cony/.a squarrosa.
  INUNCTIO, Inunction, Liniment.
  INUNCTION, Inunc'tio, Perunc'tio, Illil'io,
Illi'tns, llliuil'io, Oblinil'io,  Christ's,  Cataeh'ri-
sis, Diach'risis, Epicllrisis,  Unctio, from inun-
gcre,  inunctum,  (in,  and  ungere,  tinct urn,)  'to
anoint.'   The  act  of rubbing  in  an  ointment
or a  liniment, unction, (F.)  Onction,  Inunction.
Inunction  of the whole body with a piece  of
bacon, lard,  or with oil, has  been recommended
in scarlatina, measles, and in scrofulous or tuber-
culous cachexia.
  INUNDATIO, Depuration.
  INUSTIO. Cauterization, Cauterium.
  INUSTORIU M,  Cauterium.
  INVAG"INATED, Invagina'tus, from in, and
vagina, 'a sheath.'   Applied to a part which is
received into another, as into a'sheath.
  Tbe invaginated or slit and tail bandage is one
in which strips or tails pass through appropriate
slits or button-holes.
  INVAGINATIO, Intussusceptio.
  INVAGINATION,  Invagimltio.   Intussus-
ceptio.  Also, an operation, which consists in in-
troducing one end of a divided intestine into the
other, with the view of restoring the  continuity
of the intestinal canal.
  The name Invagination is,  likewise, given-to
an operation  for the radical cure of crural hernia,
which  consists  in  introducing  into  the crural
canal a thick tent of charpie, the effect of which
is. by compression and adhesive inflammation, to
obliterate  the neck of the hernial sac-—Nysten.
  INYALETUDO,  Infirmity.
  INVALID, Valetudinary.
  INVALIDING,  (F.) Riforme.  The  removal
from the army of a soldier, who has become, from
infirmity,  unfit for service.
  INVALIDUS, Valetudinary.
  INVASIO. Arche, Attack. Paroxysm.
  INVERMINATION, Helminthiaris.
  INVERSIO PALPEBRARUM, Entropion—i.
U'teri, llvsteroptosis. Uterus, inversion of the.
  INVERSION DE  LA MATRICE, Uterus,
inversion  of  the—;'. du Lambeau, see Flap.
  INVERTENTIA, Absorbents,  Antacids.
  INYESTITURA  FUNICULI  UMBILICA-
LIS, see Funiculi* umbilicalis.
  1NVETERATUS, Chronic.
  IN VISC ANT I A,  Incrassantia.
  INVISCA'TIO OC'ULI, from  ?'», and viscnm,
'bird lime.'  A morbid adhesion of the eyelids to
each  other,  or to the globe  of the eye.  Also,
gluing together of  the eyelids by a viscid secre-
tion.
  INVOLU'CRUM, Involunien'tum,  from invol-
rcre, (in, and volvere, volutnm.)  'to fold in.'  A
covering:  hence Invoblcra cer'ebri,  the mem-
branes of the brain.   Invoblcra nervo'rum, the
sheaths of the nerves.
  Involucrum Cordis, Pericardium—i. Corporis
commune, Integument—-i. Lingua), see Tongue—
i. Membranaceum, Decidua reflexa—i. Nervorum,
Neurilemma.—i. Reti comparatum, Retina.
  INYOLUMENTUM, Involucrum.
  INYOLVENTIA, Demulcents.
  10DE.  Iodine.
  IODES, ^Erutrinous.
  IODETUM HYDRARGYRICUM, Hydrargyri
iodidum rubrum.
  10DHYDRARGYRITE DE  CHLORURE
MERCUREUX, Mercury, iodide of chloride of.
  IODTC, Iod'icus, (F.) lodique.  Same etymon
as Iodine.  Containing iodine.
  IODIDUM  HYDRARGYRI CHLORIDI,
Mercury, iodide of chloride of—i. Ilydrargyrictim,
Hydrargyri iodidum rubrum—i. Hydrargyrisuiii
Hydrargyri iodidum.
  I'ODINE, lo'dinn, lo'dhium (Ph. U. S., IS|")
Ioilin'iuin  (Ph. U. S.. 1851), lotUn'eiim,  lo'th,,,!,
lo'tliuni, fa'niitm, In'nitm, (F.) lode; from twini,
violilceus,  'of a violet colour,' so called from the
violet vapour it exhales  when volatilized.  It  is
contained in the  mother waters of certain fuci
and is obtained by pouring an excess of  concen-
trated  sulphuric acid on the water  obtained  by
burning different fuci, lixiviating the ashes and
concentrating the liquor.  The mixture is placed
in a retort  to which a receiver is attached, mid  is
boiled.  The iodine passes over and is condensed.
It is solid,  in the form of plates; of a bluish gray
colour, of a metallic brightness, and smell similar
to that  of  the chloride of sulphur.  Its s. g.  ia
4.946.   When heated, it  becomes volatilized, and
affords the  vapour which characterizes it. With
oxygen  it  forms Iodic acid, and with hydrogen
Hyth-iodia  acid.   The  tincture  of iodine  and the
iodides  have been employed with great success in
the treatment of  goitre  and of some scrofulous
affections.   It must be  administered in a very
small dose  and for a long period.  It  is said to bo
apt, however, to induce cholera morbus,  signs of
great nervous irritability, Iodome'the, (F.) Ivresse
iodique, and  emaciation of the  mainime.   When
these symptoms, collectively termed  Todism, lo-
do'sis,   and Ioilin'ia,  (F.)  Cachexie iotlee,  are
urgent,  the dose may be  diminished,  or it may bo
wholly discontinued, and afterwards  resumed.
  Various preparations of iodine are employed in
medicine.
  IODINED, Iodized.
  1'ODIZED, Podined; Iodisa'tus. Impregnated,
or affected  with, iodine, or its preparations.
  IODINIA, see Iodine.
  IODINIUM, Iodine.
  IODINUM, Iodine.
  IODIQUE, Iodic.
  IODISM, see Iodine.
  IODIUM, Iodine.
  I'ODOFORM, Iodofior'mnm, (F.) Iodoforme, In.
dure de formyle ;  so  called from its analogy to
chloroform.  It is obtained by  the  reaction on
each other of iodine, bicarbonate of potassa, water,
and alcohol.  It is in crystalline plates, of a beau-
tiful citrine colour; and may be given in the same
cases as the other preparations of iodine.  Dose,
one grain,  three times a  day. It is the sesqui-io-
dide of  carbon.   See Carbonis sesqui-iodidutu.
  IODOGNOS1E, Iodognosis.*
  IODOGNO'SIS, (F.) lodognosie; from iodine,
and yviiroic, 'knowledge.'  A knowledge of iodine
in its various relations.— Dorvault.
  IODOHYDRARGYRATE OF POTASSIUM,
see Iodine.
  IODOMETHE, see Iodine.
  IODOPE'tiiE, from  iodnm, 'iodine,' and rr\yi),
'a spring.'   Mineral waters  containing iodine.
  IODOPHTHISIE, from  iodine,  and tfitiais,
'phthisis.'   Loss  of flesh and strength produced
by iodine.
  IODOSIS. see Iodine.
  IODU.M, Iodine.
  IODURE DE  FOR3IYLE, Iodoform —  )'.
de 31e,-cui-c, Hydrargyri  iodidum — ?'. de Plumb,
Plumbi  iodidum—i. Plombique,  Plumbi  iodidum
— ?. de Potassium,  Potassae  hydriodas —»'. de
Quinine, Quiniae  hydriodas — i. fie Soufre, Sul-
phuris iodidum—i. de Zinc,  Zinci iodidum.
  IODURETUM   AMMONLE, see  Iodine —i.
Amyli, see  Iodine — i. Hydrargyrosum,  Hydrar-
gyri iodidum—i. Sulphuris, see  Iodine.
  IODYMUS, Dicephalus.
  ION.  Viola.
  IONIA, Teucrium chamaepitys. 
IONIDIUM MARCUCCI       5 0 0                    IRIS
  IONIDTUM MARCUCCI,  Ciuchunchitlli — a ]!
South  American  plant.   .SVr.  Syst. Pentandria  j
Monogynia; Nat. Ord. Yiolariic ;  said  to  be ex-
tremely efficacious in the Mai de San Lazaro, of
Colombia.
  IONIUM, Iodine.
  IONIA, see Excretion.
  ION'THUS,  Varus, Violet Eruption, from tov,
'the violet,' and avBog, 'a flower,'or ovdos, 'foul-
ness' [?].  An unsuppurative, tubucular tumour;
stationary; chiefly on the face.  A genus in the
class Hamatica, order Phlogotica of Good.
  Ionthus Corvmbifer, Gutta rosea — i. Varus,
Acne.
  IONUM, Iodine.
  IOTACIS'MUS, from the Greek letter  Iota.
Defective articulation, — the  patient not  being
able to pronounce the palatals j and g soft.
  IPECAC,  Apocynum  androsasmifolium, Eu-
phorbia corollata,  Gillenia trifoliata, Ipecacuan-
ha, Triosteum—i. American, Apocynum androsae-
mifolium—i. Wild, Euphorbia ipecacuanha.
  IPECACUAN'HA. In common  parlance, often
abridged  to  Ipecac,  and in Ireland to Hippo.
The pharmacopoeial name of the root of Cephae-
lis  seu Callieoc'ca ipecacuan'ha,   Ipecacuan'ha,
 Cagtrsanga, Hypoucan'na, Hippoucarlna. (F.) Ipi-
cacunnha anneli.  Nat.  Ord. Cinchonaceas.  It is
also obtained from  the  Psycho'tria emelica  of
 Peru.   The odour of the root, Ipecacumlha root,
 Ipecacuan'ha radix, Radix Brazilialsis, — Ipe-
 cacuanha (Ph. U. S.), (F.) Racine It, isilienne ou
 tie  Brisil), — is  faint and peculiar; taste  bitter,
 6ubacrid, and mucilaginous ; both water and alco-
 hol extracts its virtues, which depend on a pecu-
 liar principle,  called Emelia.  It is  emetic in
 large  doses;  sudorific in smaller.  Dose,  as  an
 emetic, gr. xx to xxx,—alone, or united with gr.
 i. to ij of tartarized antimony.
   Ipecacuanha, Euphorbia corollata, Pedilan-
 thus tithymaloides—?'. Anneli, Ipecacuanha — i.
 Rastard, Asclepias curassavica, Triosteum  perfo-
 liatum— ?". Blanc  de Vile de  France, Tylophora
 asthmatica—?'. Blanc de  St. Domingne, Asclepias  I
 curassavica — i. of the Isle of France, Tylophora
 asthmatica.
   Ipecacuan'ha, White, is obtained from diffe-
 rent species of Richardsonia and lonidium. Vi-
 ola ipecacuan'ha seu Solea ipecacuan'ha seu Porn-
 ba'lea ipecacuarllia  also affords it.  It is weaker
 than tho  gray.
   IPO, Upas.
   IPOMffiA BATATOTDES, see Convolvulus ja-
 lapa—i. Jalapa, Convolvulus jalapa — i. Macror-
 rhiza, Convolvulus jalapa — i. Mestitlanica, see
 Convolvulus jalapa—i.  Nil, Convolvulus nil — i.
 Operculata, see Batata  de purga—i. Orizabensis,
 see Convolvulus jalapa — i. Purga, see Convol-
 vulus  jalapa — i. Schiedeana, see Convolvulus
 jalapa.
   IRA, Rage.
   IRACUNDUS.  Rectus externus oculi.
   IRAL'GIA;  Ireulgia,  Iridalgia,  from tpis,
 'the iris,' and aXyos, 'pain.'  Pain  in the iris.
   IRASCIBLE, Rectus externus  oculi.
   IREALGIA, Iralgia.
   IREONCION, Iriancistron.
   I'RIAN, Iria'nus,  (F.) Irien.  Belonging to the
 iris.
   IRIANCISTRON, Iridaucislron, Ircorldon,
 from tpts, and ayKtarpov,  'a hook.'   A hooked in-
 strument, used by Schlagintweit in the formation
 of  an  artificial pupil.
   IRID.E'A EDU'LIS.   One of the Algae, eaten
 in Scotland and the  Southwest of England.
  IRIDALGIA. Iralgia.
  IRIPANCISTRON, Iriancistron.
  IRIDAUXE'SIS.  from Iris, iridis, and av^rrtrts,
' augmentation;' Staphylo'ma Tridis,  S.  U'vea,
Iddonco'sis, Lymphou'cus Bridie.  Exudation of
fibrin into the tissue of tbe iris.
  IRIDECT0MEDIALYS1S, see Coretomia.
  IRIDECTOMIA. see Coretomia.
  IRIDENCLEISIS. see Coretomia,
  IRIDENCLEISMUS, see Coretomia.
  IRIDERE'MIA, from  Iris, iridis, and epriuos,
'deprived of;' Iridostere'sis.   Absence of iris,
either apparent or real.
  IRIDITIS, Iritis.
  IRIDOCELE. Ptosis iridis.
  IRIDOCOLOBOMA, Coloboma iridis.
  IRIDODIALYSIS, Coretomia.
  IRIDODONE'SIS,  from Iris,  and lovetv,  'I
shake.'   Tremulousness  of the Iris.  See Hippus.
  IRIDOMALA'CIA, from Iris, iridis, and ua\a-
Kta, 'softness.' Mollescence or softening of the iris.
  IRIDOMELANO'MA,  Iridomelano'sis,  from
Iris, and ptXaveiv,  ' to  colour black.'  The depo-
sition of black matter on the tissue of the iris.
  IRIDONCO'SIS, Iridorlcns, Ironco'sis, Hype-
ronco'sis Iridis, from Iris, and oynog, ' a swelling.'
Tumefaction or thickening of the iris.  Also Iri-
dauxesis.
  IRIDONCUS, Iridoncosis.
  IR I D OPERIPHACI'TIS, Ir-icloperiphakltis,
from Iris, neot, 'around,' and phacitis, inflamma-
tion  of the  lens.  Inflammation of  the  anterior
hemisphere  of the capsule  of the lens.
  IRIDOPLAN'IA,  Hippus.
  IRIDOPTOSIS. Ptosis iridis.
  IRIDOR'RHAGAS, Iridorrho'ge, Iridor'rhnx,
Iridoschis'ma, Fissu'ra  I'ridis,  from Iris,  and
payag, 'a fissure.'   Fissure of the iris.   See Co-
loboma.
  IRIDORRHOGE. Iridorrhagas.
  IRIDORRHOX, Iridorrhagas.
  IRIDOSCIIISMA,  Coloboma  Iridis,  Iridor-
rhagas.
  IRIDOSTERESIS. Irideremia.
  IRIDOTENCLEISTS, Coretomia.
  IRIDOTOMEDIALYSIS, see Coretomia.
  IRIDOTOMIA, see Coretomia.
  TRIDOTROMUS, Hippus.
  IRIEN, Irian.
  IRIS, [gen. I'ridis)  Gramme.  So called from its
resembling  the  rainbow in a variety of colours.
A membrane, stretched vertically at the anterior
part of the eye, in the midst of the  aqueous hu-
mour, in which  it forms a kind  of circular, flat
partition, separating the anterior from the poste-
rior  chamber.  It is  perforated  by a  circular
opening called the 2>npil, which is constantly va-
rying its dimensions,  owing to the varying con-
tractions of the fibres of the iris.  Its posterior
surface has  been called  uvea,  from the  thick,
black varnish which covers it.   The  pigmentary
stratum, on  its free surface, appears to be bounded
by  a delicate, but sharply defined,  line, which
has been described as a special membane—.Mem-
bra'na pigmen'ti seu lim'itaris seu lim'itans Pnci'-
Ht'seu Jncn'bi Arnold.  The greater circumference
of the iris is adherent to the ciliary processes and
circle.  It has an external plane of radiated fibres
and an  internal one of circular fibres, which serve
— the one  to dilate, tbe  other  to contract the
aperture of the pupil.   The iris receives  the irian
nerves.  Its  arteries are  furnished  by  the long
ciliary arteries, which form  two circles by their
anastomoses; the one very broad, near the great
circumference;  the other, smaller,  and seated
arOund the circumference of the pupil.  The veins
of the iris empty themselves into the Vasa vorti-
cosa, and into the long ciliary veins.  The use of
the iris seems to be,—to regulate by its  dilatation
or  contraction,  the quantity of  luminous rays
necessary for distinct vision.  The  different co-
lours of the iris occasion  the variety in the colours
of tbe human eye. 
IRTS  PUAXT
510
IRRITABILITY
  Iris, see  Herpes Iris—i. Common, I. Germa-
niea — ?'.  Commun, I. Germaniea — i. de Florence,
I. Florentina.
  Iris Florenti'na, Florentine iris or orris, (F.)
Iris de Florence.  Order, Iridaceaj.  The rhizoma
of this plant is extremely acrid in its recent state;
and, when chewed, excites a pungent heat in the
mouth, that continues for several hours.   When
dried, the acrimony is lost, or nearly so, and the
smell  is  very agreeable.   It  is  indebted to its
agreeable flavour for its retention in the pharma-
copoeias, although it is ranked as an expectorant.
The orris root of the shops is said  to consist of the
rhizomes of three species—/. Florentina, I. pal-
lida, and /. Germaniea.
   Iris Fcetidis'sima. I. fid ti da,  Spath'ula foe'ti-
da, Xyris,  Stinking iris, (F.) Iris puant, Glayeul
 puant.  The  root has been esteemed antispasmo-
dic and narcotic.
   Iris German'ica.  The systematic name of the
Flower-de-Luce, Iris nostras seu  vulga'ris, Aier'-
sa,  Common  iris or  orris,  Gladiolus  carn'leus,
(F.) Iris  commun, Flamlre.  The  fresh roots have
a disagreeable smell, and an acrid, nauseous taste.
They are powerfully  cathartic, and are given  in
dropsies, where such  remedies are indicated.
   Iris Hexagona,  I. versicolor.
   Iris Lacus'tris,  Dwarf-fiag, Dwarf lake-iris;
has the properties of  I. versicolor.
   Iris, Lake, Dwarf, I. lacustris — i. Lutea, I.
pseudacorus — ?'. des  3farais, I. pseudacorus — i.
Nostras, I.Germanica—i.Palustris, I. pseudacorus.
   Iris Pseudac'orus. The systematic name  of
the Yellow wuter-fing, Iris palus'tris sen lu'tea,
 Gladiolus  hi tens, Ac'or us vulga'ris seu adulter!'-
nits seu palus'tris, Pseudac'orus, Bu'tomon, (F.)
Iris des marnis. Faux acore, Flainbe bdlnrd, Acore
bdtard.   The  root has an acrid,  stypic taste.  It
is  an  errhine, sialogogue, and acrid  astringent.
The expressed juice is diuretic,  and said to be a
useful application to serpiginous  and other cuta-
neous affections. Rubbed on the gums, or chewed,
it is said to cure toothache.
   IRIS  PUANT,  I.  foetidissima —i.  Stinking,
 I.  foetidissima.
   Iris Versic'olor, I. hexngo'na, Blue flag.  The
rhizoma of this is  an aetive  cathartic, and has
been much used, as  such, by the American In-
dians.  It is reputed  to be diuretic.
   Iris Virgin'ica,  Slender Blue fing ; and Iris
vernn, are  said  to have virtues like  those  of  I.
versicolor.
   Iris Vulgaris, I. Germaniea.
   IRISITIS, Iritis.
   IRITIS, Injlammation of the iris, Infiamma'tio
 Vridis, Irisi'tis, Iridi'tis,  from Iris, and itis, de-
noting inflammation,  Uveitis of some.   The chief
symptoms are;—change in the colour of the  iris;
fibres  less movable; tooth-like processes shooting
into the pupil: pupil irregularly contracted,  with
tbe ordinary  signs  of inflammation of the  eye.
 If  the inflammation does  not yield, suppuration
takes place; and although the matter may be ab-
sorbed, the iris remains immovable.   It is often
caused by  syphilis.   The general  principles of
treatment are, to deplete largely and exhibit mer-
cury freely; along with attention to other means
advisable in ophthalmia.   The free use of quinia
is sometimes  serviceable.   When  the  inflamma-
tion is seated  in the  serous covering of the iris, it
is termed Iritis sero'sa.
   IRON. Ferrum — i. Acetate of, Ferri acetas__
i.  and  Alumina, sulphate  of, Ferri et aluminis
•■■ulphas — i. Ammoniated,  Ferrum  ammoniatum
—i. Ammonio-citrate of, Ferri  ammonio-citras —
i. Ammonio-chloride  of, Ferrum ammoniatum —
i. Amnionic-tartrate of, Ferri ammonio-tartras—
i. and Ammonia, citrate of, Ferri  ammonio-citras
—i. and Quinia, Hydriodate of, see  Iodine.
  Iron Bark, see Kino.
  Iron,  Bromide of,  see  Bromine — i. Carbo-
nate  of,  saccharine.  Ferri  proto-curboiins__j.
Carburet of, Graphites — i.  Black oxide id', Oxy-
dum ferri nigrum—i. Chloride of, Ferri cbbuiduin
—i. Citrate of, Ferri citrus—i. Citrate of the mag-
netic oxide of, see Ferri iimmonio-citrns—i. Ecr-
roeyunuret of, Prussian blue — i. Fciroprussiate
of, Prussian blue—i. Filings,  purified,  Ferri  lima-
tura  purilicata — i.  Hydrated oxide of,  Ferrum
oxydatum hydratum — i. Hydrated peroxide of
Ferrum oxydatum hydratum —i. Hydrated trit-
oxide of, Ferrum oxydatum hydratum—i. Hydri-
odate of,  Ferri iodidum—i.  Hydrohroinnte of, see
Bromine—i. Hydro-oxide of, Ferrum oxydatum
hydratum — i.  Iodide  of,  see   Iodine,   and
Ferri iodidum — i. loduret of, Ferri iodidum__i.
Lactate of, Ferri biotas—i. Liquor, Ferri acetns—
i. and Magnesia,  citrate of,  Ferri  et Magnesia)
citras—i.  Magnetic  Oxide of. Oxydum Ferri ni-
grum— i.  Muriate of, Ferri  chloridum—i. Nitrate
of, solution  of,  see  Tinctura  Ferri  tnuriatis — i,
Perchloride of,  Ferri chloridum—i. Peroxide uf,
Ferri subcarbonas—i. Phosphate  of, Ferri  phos-
phas— i.  Pills  of, compound, Piluhe  ferri  com-
positae—i. Potussio-eitrate of, see Ferri annnonio-
citras—i.  Protocarbonate of, Ferri  protocarbonas
—i.  Protoxide of, lactate  of Ferri laetas.
  Ikon Pyrites, Ferri sulphuretum.
  Iron, Quevenne's, Ferri pulvis.
  Iron and  Quinia, citrate  of, Ferri  et  Quinia?
citras — i. and  Quinia, hydriodate of, see Quinia,
iodide of  iodhydrate of.
  Iron Reduced, Ferri Pulvis.
  Iron, Sesquichloride of, Ferri  chloridum —
i. Sesquinitrate  of, Solution of, see Tinctura ferri
tnuriatis—i. Sesquioxide of, Ferri subcarbonas—i.
Sodio-citrate of, see Ferri ammonio-citras—i. Sul-
phate of, Ferri sulphas—i.  Sulphuret of,  Ferri
sulphuretum—i. Tannuteof, Ferri tan mis—i. Tar-
tarized, Ferrum tartarizatum — i.  Ternitrate of,
solution of, see  Tinctura  ferri muriatis—i. Trito-
hydro-ferrocyanate of,  Prussian blue.
  Iron and Potass, Tartrate of, Ferrum tartiui-
zatutn.
  Iron, Valerianate of, Ferri valerianas.
  Iron Weed,  Vernonia Noveboracensis.
  IRONCOSIS, Iridoncosis.
  IRRADIATION, Irrudiu'tio (ir and radius).
Shooting or proceeding  from a centre — as an
1 irradiating pain.'
  IRREDU'CIBLE, (F.) ln-iductible.  An epi-
thet given to fractures,  luxations,  hernias, &c,
when they cannot be reduced.
  IltltEDUCTIBLE, Irreducible.
  IRREG'ULAR, Irregulu'ris, Anom'alons; from
ir, negation, and regula,  'a rule.' A term chiefly
applied to the  types of  a  disease; and  also, to
the pulse  when its beats are separated by unequal
intervals.
  Irreg'ular  Practit"ioner.   One who  doea
not  practise  his profession  according  to  rules
sanctioned by law or custom.
  IRREMEDIABLE,  Incurable.
  IRREPTTO,  Attack.
  IRRIGATION, Irriga'tio, Embroca'tio, Irro-
ra'tio : ' the act of watering or moistening,' from
in, and rigo, 'I  water.'  Tbe  methodical applica-
tion of water to an affected part, to keep it con-
stantly wet.
  IRRITABILITAS, Irritability—i. Halleriana,
Irritability—i. Morbosa, see Subsultus tendinum
—i.  Vesicas, Cysterethismus.
  IRRITABILTTY,  Irritnbilitas, from irriln,
(in,  ' negation,'and ritns, ' the usual manner,') ' I
provoke.'   Vis irrititbitittltis, V. Vita, V. in'situ
of Haller, V. vita'lis of  Gorter,  Osa'lla'tio nt
Boerhaave, Tonic power of Stahl, Vita pro'pria,
Irritabilitas  Halleriilna,  Inherent  power,  Co*- 
IRRITABLE               5
tractil'ltlj, Ec itability, &c.   (F.) frritnbiliti, I. !:
Hallericnne.   A power, possc.-.-od  by all  living, [
organized bodies of being acted upon hy certain j
Ptimuli, and of moving responsive to stimulation. :
It is the ultimate vital property.
   IR'RITABLE, Irritab'ilis.  That which is en-
dowed with irritability.  Every living  organized
tissue is irritable; that is, capable of feeling  an
appropriate stimulus, and of moving responsive to
puch stimulus.  Irritable is often used in the same
Kcnse as impressible, as when we speak  of an irri-
table person, or habit, or temper.   This.last con-
dition  has  been  variously  termed — Dehilitns
nervo'sn,  I).  Erethis' 'ten.  Hyp, rcine'sin nervo'sa,
 Srurastheni'ii, Neurasthenia, Sensibilitas anonl-
nla, S.  3Iorbo'sa, S. ailctrt.
   IRRITAMEN,  Irritant, Stimulus.
   IRRITAMENTUM, Erethism,  Irritant,  Sti-
mulus—i. Metallicum, Galvanism.
   IR'RITA NT, Irritans,  Irritil men, Irritamen-
 tntn.   Same  etymon.  That which causes irrita-
 tion or pain, beat  and tension; either mechani-
 cally, as  puncture, acupuncture, or  scarification;
 chemically, as the alkalies  and  acids;  or in a
 specific innnner, as cantharides.
   Irritants are of great use in the  treatment of
 disease.
   IRRITATING POISON, see Poison.
   IRRITATIO. Erethism, Gargale,  Irritation.
   IRRITATION, Irritu'tio, Erethis'mus.  Same
 etymon.  The state of a tissue or  organ, in which
 there is  excess  of vital  movement;  commonly
 manifested by increase  of  the circulation  and
 «ens-iliilitv.  Broussais defines irritation to be :—
 the condition of an organ, the excitation of which
 is carried to so high a  degree, that the equilibrium
 resulting from the balance of  all  the functions is
 broken.  In this  signification, he  also uses  the
 word  sin-irritation, which he considered  as a
 higher degree, and as  the essential cause  of fever.
 Irritation is  the precursor of inflammation.
    Ihrita'tion, Morbid, Coustitiltional irritation,
 Ir'ritative fever. Pseudo-fever, is that excitement
 which occurs after injuries done  to  the body, or
 to any part theeof; —constituting cases of dis-
 easetl *i/inpoth,/.
    IRRITATIVE FEVER,  Irritation, morbid.
    IRRORATIO, Irrigation.
    IS. Fihre.
    ISA HELP II'I A, from i<to;, 'equal,' and n&cXifrirs,
 'brother.'  A  double  monstrosity, in which both
 bodies are equally and  perfectly developed, and
 possessed of independent vital orirans; and which
 are united hy parts of little significance.—Gurlt.
    ISATIS  TINCTO'RIA,  Wo.id,  Pastel.  Ord.
 Capparidaeeas.   A European plant, whose leaves
 have  a  fugitive  pungent  smell,  and an  acrid
 durable taste.  They are not used, however, in
 medicine at the present day, but are  the  source
 of the dye-stuff, u-oad.
    ISI'A, Boletus igniarius.
    ISUILE'MIA. from t"xw, 'I retain,' and  'atpa,
 'blood.'  Morbid retention  or suppression  of an
 habitual  flux of blood, ns of the hemorrhoidal or
 menstrual flux or of  epistaxis.  See Haematosta-
 tica.
    ISCH.F/MON,  Ischa'mum.  Same etymon.  A
 medicine which restrains or stops bleeding.
    IS't'll ESTS, from tvxF'v> ' f° retain.'  Suppres-
 sion or retention of a discharge or secretion.
    IS'CHIA, MINERAL  WATERS  OF.   In this
 volcanio  isle,  five miles  from  Naples, there  are
 several thermal waters, one of which—that of Gur-
 gitello—raises the  thermometer of Fahr. to  167°.
   ISCHIACUS,  Ischiatic.
   ISCHTADELPHUS. isehiopngos.
   ISCHIADICUS MORBUS. Neuralgia femoro-
poplitira—i. Nervus, Sciatic nerve.
   ISCHIADOCELE,  Ischioceie.
1             ISCIIIOCELE
   ISCHTAGRA, Is'chias, hchalgia. from taxtov,
'the  haunch,' and  ayru, 'a  seizure.'   A  name
given  to  ischiatic gout.  Femoro-pnpUteal  neu-
ralgia has, also, been so called.
   IS'CIIIAL, Ischia'lis.  Relating  or  belonging
to the ischion.
   ISCHIALGIA,  Ischiagra,  Neuralgia  femoro-
poplitasa.
   ISCHIAS, Ischiagra—i. Nervosa  Antica, Neu-
ralgia femoro-praetibialis — i.  Nervosa Cotunnii,
Neuralgia  femoro-poplitaea—i. Nervosa digitalis,
Neuralgia  cubito-digitalis — i. Nervosa  postica,
Neuralgia  femoropoplitasa— i.  a,  Sparganori,
Phlegmatia dolens.
   IS'CIIIATTC. Ischiitd'ic,  Ischialicns. Isehinil-
iais, Iscllt'acus,  Scint'ic, (F.) Isdtiatiqne.  from
tcxiov, 'the  haunch;' whence the  word Sciatic.
An  epithet given to  parts  connected  with  tbe
ischium.    The  Sciatic Notches.  (F.) Echarr-
crures Isdiiatiques, are formed by this  bone : tbe
Ischiatic Spine  belongs to it, and  gives attach-
ment to  the small  sucro-sciatic ligament.   Tbe
Tuberosity of  the  Ischium, Os  set/,nta'dum.
 Tuber Is'chii, (F.) Tubirositi sciatiqite, is formed
 by  it.   It  receives  the  insertions   of different
 muscles of the thigh, and forms the  projection on
 which tbe body rests when seated.
   Ischiatic Artery-, Scint'ic Ar'ta-y. (F.) Artere
 Fiiiioro-Pop/itie  (Ch.) arises  singly from the by-
I pogastric, or with the gluteal; and  seems to lie
 really a continuation  of the  trunk  of  tbe  hypo-
 gastric.   It issues from the  pelvis, nt  the lower
| [iart of the great sciatic notch :  and, afterwards,
 divides  into a considerable  number of brainbe-,
 which are distributed particularly to the posterior
 and superior region of the thigh.
   Ischiatic Region, Sciat'ic  region; Regio ischi-
 ad'ica.   The region  of the hip.
   Ischiatic Vein presents  the  same arrange-
 ment as the arterv.
   ISCHIATIC US. Sciatic.
   ISCIIIATOCELE, Ischioceie.
   ISCIIIDRO'SIS,  Sndo'ris  suppres'sio, O/igiti'-
 ria,  from or^u), T restrain,'  and 'ic,,ias, 'sweat.'
 Suppression of perspiration.
   ISC If 10.  In  composition, belonging or  re-
 lating to the ischium.
   ISCIIIOULEN'NTA,  Ischobleilnia. from tcx",
 ' I restrain,' and iiXtvva, 'mucus.'   The suppres-
 sion of a morbid  but habitual discharge of mucus.
   ISCHIO-CAVERNO'SUS.  Belonging to tho
 ischium and corpus  cuvernosum.
   Ischio-Cavernosus muscle, C'olltttera'Us. Di-
 rec'tor seu  Eree'tor seu Sustentn'tor Penis,  (F.)
 Ereetenr  du Pirn's,  hchio-nrithral, (Ch.)  is a
 small,  long, flat  muscle, which surrounds  the
 origin  of  the  corpus  cavernosuin. It is  fixed
 below to the inner side of the tuberosity of tho
 ischium, and above to  the root of the penis, whero
I it is confounded with the  fibrous  membrane of
 the corpus eavernosum.   It draws the  root of the
 penis downwards and backwards.
   Ischio-Cavernosus  of  the  female, Erector
 seu  Susleiitn'tor  sen Superior rotnrltlus  clitor'-
 idis, (F.) Isehio-clitoddien,  Ischin  sous-clitorien,
1 (Ch.), is arranged nearly as  in tbe male, but  is
 less  bulky.  It arises,  by aponeurosis, from the
 tuberosity of the ischium, and terminates by em-
 bracing the corpus eavernosum of the  editor's, to
 the erection of which  it appears  t" contribute.
   I S C III 0 C E ' L E,  Ischintoce'le,  Ischia,!,,-,-'le,
 Hernia  ischitilicn ;  from iff^ioy, -the ischium.'
 nnd  KrjXn,  'tumour.'  Ischiatic hernia.  One in
which the viscera, issue by the great  sciatic notch.
 It is a rare disease.   The protruded parts must
be reduced—the patient being placed in a favour-
able position,  and tbey must be retained  by a
bandage. 
ISCHIO-CLITORIANUS        ol
  ISCniO-CLITORIA'NUS.  That which is
oonnected with the ischium and clitoris.
  Ischio-Clito'rian  iVRTERY  of Chaussier is a
division  of  the  internal pudic, which furnishes
the two arteries of the clitoris — the superficial
and deep-seated.
  Isciuo-Clitorian Nerve,  of the  same  pro-
fessor, is the superior branch of the pudic nerve,
which is distributed to the clitoris.
  ISCHIO- CLITORIDIEN,  Ischio-cavernous
—i. Coccygeus, Coccygeus—i.  Creti-tibial, Serai-
tendinosus — i.  Femorulis, Adductor magnus —
?'. Fimoro-pironier, Biceps flexor cruris—?'. Piri-
neal,  Transversus  perinnsi—i. Popliti-fiimoral,
Semi  - membranosus — i.   Pnpliti - tibial,  Semi-
membranosus— i.  Pretibial,  Semi-tendinosus —
?'. Sons-clitorien, Ischio-cavernosus — i'. Soits-tro-
chantirien,  Quadratus femoris—?'. Spino-trochan-
tirien, Iscbio-trochanterianus — i.  Urithral, Is-
chio-cavernosus.
  ISCHIODYMIA, see Somatodymia,
  IS'CHION, Ischium, Os ischii, Os coxen'dicis,
Hip-bone,  Huckle-bone, Seat-bone, (Sc.) Henck-
bane, Hukebane, Lnnyiebane, (Prov.)  Chancebone,
Pinbone, (F.) Os de lassiette.  The lowermost of
the three portions which  compose the os innomi-
natum in the foetus and young individual.  The
inferior region of the same  bone has, also, been
called ischium, in the adult.  According to Hesy-
chius, the  ancients designated by the  word  is-
chion the capsular ligament of the coxo-feinoral
articulation, as well  as  the  articulation  itself.
Some derive the word from itr^tf, the lumbar re-
gion  ; others  from the verb taxa, ' I arrest,' ' I
retain ;' — because that bone serves  as a base or
support for the trunk, when we are seated.
   Ischion,  Haunch.
   ISCHIO-NEURALGIA,  Neuralgia   femoro
poplitaea,
   ISCIIIOPA'GES, Ischiodelph'us, from Ischion,
and -ayur,  ' I fasten.'  A  monstrous union of two
foetuses, in which  they  are  attached to  each
other by the ischia. — Geoffroy St. Hiliare.   See
Hypognstrodid vmus.
   ISCIIIOPHTIII'SIS, Tabes coxa'da seu iselii-
ad'ica,Phthisis ischiad'ica, from io-^ioi', 'ischium,'
and phthisis.   Phthisis in consequence of suppu-
ration of the hip-joint,  See Coxarum morbus.
   ISCHIO-PROSTATTCUS.   Winslow, Sancto-
rini,  Albinus,  and Sommering,  have given this
name to the fibres  of  the  transversus perinasi
muscle, which go towards the  prostate.
   ISCHIORECTAL FOSSA, Perineal fossa.
   ISCHTOSIS, Neuralgia femoro poplitsea.
   ISCHIO-TROCHANTERIA'NUS, Genlini,
 Gemelli.   Part of the .Marsiipia'/is  of Cowper:
 Car'nenm 3Iariu'pium, Isch i o-s pi n i -trocha nt id e n,
 Secun'this et ter'tins  qnadrigenlinus,  (F.)  3Inscle
 canneli, Accessoire H I'obturatcur  interne.  Two
 small, fleshy bundles, long and flat, which  arise,
 —the superior on the outside of the sciatic spine ;
 the inferior behind the tuberosity  of the ischium.
 Both pass horizontally outwards, and are attached
 to  the tendon of the  obturator internus, which
 they accompany into the fossa of  the trochanter.
 These muscles are rotators of  the lower limb out-
 wards.  They can, also,  turn the pelvis on  the
 femur, in standing on one foot.
   ISCHIUM, Ischion.
   ISCHL,  MINERAL  WATERS   OF.   These
 springs,  which  are in  Upper  Austria,  contain
 iodine and  bromine.
   ISCHNOPHO'NIA, from ttrxvoc, 'slender,' and
 tptavn, 'voice.'   Slenderness   of voice. — Hippo-
 crates. G ilen.
   ISCHNOTES, Emaciation;
   ISC HO,  ivx10' 'I keep back,' 'I  restrain,' 'I
 hold firm.'   Hence:
   ISCHOBLENNIA, Ischioblennia.
ISOCRATES
  ISCIIOCENO'SIS, from  ttrXu,  T  arrest,' and
Kevurats,  ' evacuation.'  Retention  or  suppression
of a natural evacuation—as of the menses.
  ISCHOCHOLTA, from  «r.Y.ai,  T  arrest,'  and
X.oXn, ' bile.'  lieten'tio bilis.  Retention or sup-
pression of the biliary secretion.
  ISCTIOCOILIA,  Constipation.
  ISCIIOCOPRIA, Constipation.
  ISC HOG AL ACT I A. Retail io lactis, from,ax*,
and  yaXa, 'milk.'   Want of milk in the inumuitf,
  ISCHOLOCII'IA  or Ischoloehla,  Lochiolel,,-.
sis, Sttppres'sio lochia'rum, from kt^w, ' 1 restrain,'
and  Xoxeta,  'the lochial  discharge.'  11,-ten'ii,,
lochio'runi.   Suppression of the lochial discharge.
  ISCHOMEN1 A.  Amenorrhcea.
  ISCHONEURALGIA, Neuralgia feraoro-pop-
litoea.
  ISCHOPIIONTA. Balbuties.
  ISCHOSPER'MIA, from nryu,  T  retain,'nnd
artepfia,  'sperm;'  Senlinis reten'tio.   Retention.
or suppression of the spermatic secretion.
  ISCJIURET'IC,  Ischurelicum.  Same etymon
as the next.  A medicine for relieving suppression
of urine.  A diuretic.
  ISCHU'RIA, Urlna  sttppres'sio, Stoppage of
urine, Sttppres'sio  lo'tii, Paru'ria  retentio'nis;
from irj^^i ' I arrest,' ' I retain,' and trvpov, ' urine.'
Retention of, or impossibility of discharging, tho
urine,Arnirorrhie—Piorry.  Often restricted tosun-
pression of the secretion, Renal Ischuria, Ann'ria,
Anure'sis, Nephranii'rlu, Anuroerinie.—Piorry.
  Ischuria Vera is that in which the urine, having
accumulated in the bladder, the patient is uiuiblj
to pass it, notwithstanding the inclination  which
constantly distresses him.  In false ischuria, Pa-
ru'ria inops, P.  retentio'nis  rena'lis, Ischuria
notha seu spu'ria,  of  some,  (F.)  Suppression
il Urine, owing to some  disease of the kidney or
ureters, the urine cannot reach the bladder.
  Ischuria  has  likewise received various  other
names,  according to the seat and character of
the obstacle which  opposes the exit of the urine:
hence the expressions—Renal, Ureteric, Vesical,
Urethral, and Calculous  Ischuria.  Vesical  fschu-
i  ia is generally used synonymously with Reten-
tion of  Urine, which see.
  Ischuria  Cysto-piilegmatica, Cystirrhoea—
i. Phimosica, see Phimosicus—i. Spasmodica, Cys-
tospasinus—i. Spuria,  see Ischuria—i. Urethrals
a phiinosi, see Phimosicus—i. Vera, see Ischuria
—i. Vesiealis, Retention of urine.
  ISIC'TUM,  I'sie.os,  lnsie"inm,  Tom nc'ilium,
Toin'tieluni,  Tomnc'innm.   A kind  of sausage,
formed  of mixed meat and spices.
   ISTNGLASS, Ichthyocolla.
   ISIR, Elixir.
   ISIS NOBILIS. see Coral.
   ISLAND  OF  REIL,  Insula cerebri.
   ISLE  OF WIGHT,  CLIMATE  OF.   This
heautiful island  is a favourable  summer retreat
for  invulds.  Undercliff is the situation chosen
as  a winter residence for phthisical valetudina-
rians.  Cowes,  Niton,  Sundown. Shanklin,  and
Rvde, are delightful simmer residences.
   ISNARDIA PALUSTRIS, Ludwigia palustris.
   ISOCII'RONOUS,  lsocllronns, hochron'iu;
Tsod'romns, from 1*05, 'equal,' and xi'Ofrs, 'time.'
That which takes  place in the same time, or in
equal times.   The pulsations of  the arteries, in
various parts of tbe body,  are nearly isochronous.
   I S 0 C II' R Y S 0 N, A uro  compar ; from  itrnf,
'equal,'  and XPvaoS'  'gold.'  A  collyriuin,  de-
scribed  by Galen  as  worth  its  weight in gold.
Libnvius has also given this name  to an amal-
gam, made with equal parts of antimony  and
 mercury.
   ISOC'RATES, from  taoc, 'equal,' and  uptime,
'strength.'   A mixture of equal parts of wine aud
water.—Hippocrates. 
ISODROMUS              51
3            IVROGNERIE
  ISODROMUS, Isochronous.
  ISOLUSINE, see I'olygala senega.
  ISOM'ERIC, Isonier'icus, Isonlerns, Isomre'rns,
hotn'ortts, from 11705, 'equal,'  and  uepos, 'part.'
An  epithet  applied  to different  bodies  which
agree in composition,  but differ  in  properties.
The condition is termed honi'erism.
  ISOMERISM, see Isomeric.
  ISOMORPHISM, see Isomorphous.
  ISOMOR'PHOUS, Isomor'phus,  Isomor'phicus,
from i(7o?, 'equal,' and popipn, 'form.'  An epithet
applied to different bodies which have the same
crystalline  form.   The  condition  is called  Iso-
morpllism.
  ISo.XANDRA GUTTA, see Gutta percha.
  ISOPATHI'A,  Isop'athy, from  taoc, 'equal,'
and  iradoc,  'disease.'  This term has been used
by some of the German  writers  to signify  the
cure of diseases by the  disease itself, or  its pro-
ducts:— under the hypothesis, that every conta-
gious  disease contains in its  contagious matter
the means for its cure; — thus, that variola  may
be  cured by homoeopathic doses  of variolous
matter;  syphilis, with  venereal  matter, &c, Ac.
Others have given to isopathy another form ; —
maintaining, that every  diseased  organ  has its
remedy in the same organ,—that eating liver, for
example, will remove disease of the liver!
  Iso|i.il,hia has been used hy an American writer
— Dr. J. M. B. Harden, of Georgia — to  mean
"Parallelism of Diseases;"  "the  disposition of
diseases  to 'anastomose with  each other,'  or to
wear each other's livery."
  ISSUE, Fonticulus — i. Peas,  Aurantia curas-
saventia, see Fonticulus.
  ISTHME DU COSIER, Isthmus of the fauces.
  ISTIIMION, Isthmus, Pharynx.
  ISTHMITIS, Infiamma'tio  Fau'cium seu Pa-
la'ti, Angi'na  simplex  seu mitis. seu  fau'cium,
Angor fau'cium, Cynan'che simplex, (F.) Angine
simple, from isthmus, and itis, denoting  inflam-
mation.  Inflammation of the isthmus faucium,
and  of the  fauces.  See  Cynanche pharyngea,
and  Angina,
  ISTHMIUM, Isthmus.
  ISTHMOCATAR'RHUS;  from  wOuoc,   'the
fauces,' and tcarappuos, 'catarrh.'   Catarrh of the
fauces.
  ISTHMODYNTA, from icBpos,  'the  fauces,'
and oSvvrj, 'pain.'   Pain in the fauces.
  ISTIIMOPLE'GIA;  from teduog, 'the  fauces,'
and rtXrjyn, 'a stroke.'   Paralysis of the fauces.
  ISTIIMOS, Pharynx.
  ISTIIMOTYPIIUS, Cynanche maligna.
  ISTHMUS,  Isth'mion, Istllminin, (F.) Isthme.
A tongue of land joining a peninsula to a conti-
nent, or  which  separates two  seas.  Anatomists
have  given  the name  Isthmus of the Fauces, I.
Fau'cium, Claustrum  Gttltitris,  (F.)  Isthme dn
gosier, to the strait which separates the mouth
from  the pharynx.  It is formed  above  by  the
velum palati and uvula; at the sides, by the pil-
lars of the fauces and the tonsils; and  below, by
the base  of the tongue.  Also,  the  Fauces.
  Isthmus of the  Encf.fh'alon.   The narrowed
and constricted  portion  of the encephalic mass,
situate between the cerebrum, the cerebellum and
the medulla oblongata, which corresponds to  the
free margin of the tentorium cerebelli, and com-
prises the pons varolii,  and middle  peduncles of
the  cerebellum, the peduncles of the cerebrum,
the tubercula quadrigemina, the superior  pedun-
cles of the cerebellum, and the valve  of Vieus-
sens.—Cruveilhier.
  Isthmus of the Fossa Ova'lis: Isthmus Vieus-
sen'n, Strii/a cartilagino'sa cordis, is the  promi-
nent  arch formed above the fossa ovalis  by  the
union of  the two pillars whioh bound the cavity.
  Isthmus op the Thyroid Gland  is a narrow
band that unites the two chief lobules composing
the thyroid gland.
  Isthmus Hepatis, see Lobulus anonymus — i.
Urethras, see Urethra — i. Uteri, see  Uterus —i.
Vieussenii, Isthmus of the fossa ovalis, see Ovalis
fossa.
  ITALIAN JUICE, Extractum glycyrrhizas.
  ITALICUS MORBUS. Syphilis.
  ITCH,  Psora—i. Animalcule, see Psora—i. of
Animals, Scabies ferina.
  Itch, Bakers', see Psoriasis—i. Barbers', Sy-
cosis—i. Bricklayers', Eczema impetiginodes.
  Itch,  Cowpox.   A  cutaneous  eruption, ob-
served and described by  Golis, which  appeared
after the  fourteenth  day from  vaccination, and
consisted  of isolated vesicles, often filled with a
puriform fluid.
  Itch, Drunkards', Psora ebriorum — i.  Gro-
cers', see Psoriasis.
  Itch Insect, see Psora—i. Mite, see Psora.
  Itch, Venereal,  Scherlievo.
  Itch Weed, Veratrum viride.
  ITCHING, Parap'sis pruritus, Antal'gia pru-
rigino'sa, Pruritus,  Prurigo,  Cnesmos,  Cnesrnn,
(Sc.) Youk,  Yuke,  (F.) Prurit. Dinrangeaisou.
A  sensation,  more  inconvenient  than  painful,
seated especially at the surface of the body, which
provokes the patient to scratch the part.  It may
be  either an external or  an internal sensation  :
that is, produced by an external body, or by  some
modification in the organic actions of the part to
which it is referred.
  ITEA, Salix.
  ITER  A  TERTIO  AD  QUARTUM VEN-
TRICULUM, Aquaeductus Sylvii—i. Dentis, see
Gubernaculuin dentis — i. Femineum, Perinasum
— i. ad Infundibulum, Vulva — i. a Palato  ad
Aurem, Eustachian tube — i. ad Quartum ventri-
culitis Aquaeductus Sylvii—i. ad Tertiuin ventri-
culum, Vulva—i. Urinas, Urethra—i.  Urinarium,
Urethra.
  ITHYPIIAL'LUS,  from  t$vs, 'straight,' and
ipaXXos,  'penis.'  An  amulet, in the  form of an
erect penis, anciently worn  round the neck, to
which were attributed alexiterial properties.
  ITINERARIUM, Conductor, Director.
  ITIS, from trns,  'bold,' 'rash,' [?].   A suffix
denoting inflammation ;—as encepbal/rfx, inflam-
mation  of the encephalon; — Plenritis, inflam-
mation  of the pleura,  According to  some, as
Kraus, encephali'ri's,  for example,  was,  with the
ancients,  the  adjective agreeing with  voaoc,  'a
disease,' understood  to express  a  disease of the
encephalon, and it was only in modern times, that
the suffix was used to denote inflammation.
  IVA, Teucrium iva — i. Arthritica, Teucrium
chamaepitys—i. Moschata Monspeliensium,  Teu-
crium iva—i. Pecanga,  Smilax sarsaparilla.
  IVETTE 31 USQUEE, Teucrium iva — i. Pe-
tite, Teucrium chamaspitys.
  IVOIRE, Ivory.
  IVORY, Ebur, El'ephas, (F.) Ivoire. The tusk
of the elephant.   It is chiefly composed of phos-
phate of lime, and is used for the fabrication of
pessaries, artificial teeth, handles of instruments,
&c.  Formerly, when calcined  to  whiteness, it
entered into  some pharmaceutical  preparations.
It was regarded as astringent and anthelmintic,
and was called Spo'dinm.
  The dentine is the  ivory of the  human tooth.
See Tooth.
  Ivory, Black, see Carbo  animalis — i. Vege-
table, Phytelephas macrocarpa.
  1VRAIE, Lolium temulentum.
  IVRESSE, Temulentia—<'. lodique, see Iodine
—?'.  Quinique, Quininism.
  IVROGNERIE, see Temulentia. 
IVY                   514        JATROPHA  MANIHOT
  IVY, Iledera helix,  Kalmia  angustifolia — i.
American, Ampelopsis quinquefolia—i. Big,  Kal-
mia  latifolia—i. Fine-leaved, Ampelopsis quin-
quefolia—i.  Ground, Glecoma hederacea.
  IXIA, Varix, Viscuin album.
  IX1NE, Atractylus gummifera.
  IXIR, Elixir.
  IXOS, Viscum album.
  IXUS, Galium aparine.
  IXYOMYELI'TIS, from ifyf, ' the lumbar re-
gion,' /iiifXof, 'marrow,' and ///*, denoting inflnm-
mation.  Iuflanimation  of the spinul marrow io
the lumbar region.
  IXYS,  jftif,  Ix'ya, Ix'ye.   Used  by  different
authors for the ilia, flank.-., and loins; most fre-
quently for the last.
J.
  JABOT, Ingluvies.
  JACA  IND1CA, Thymus mastichina.
  JACEA, Tricolor, Viola Tricolor—j. Ramosis-
sima, Centaurea calcitrapa.
  JACENS, Sick.
  JACK  OF THE BUTTERY, Sedum acre—j.
in the Hedge, Alliaria.
  JACKET, BARK.  A jacket of flannel or cot-
ton in  which powdered bark is  quilted.   It is
occasionally worn as an antiperiodic  and tonic.
  JACKSON'S BATHING  SPIRITS, Linimen-
tum  saponis compositum.
  JACOBiEA, Senecio Jacobasa.
  JACOBEE, Senecio Jacobasa.
  JACOB'S COAT, Tunica Jacobi—j.'s Ladder,
false, Polemonium reptans—j.'s Membrane, Tu-
nica Jacobi—j.'s Ulcer,  Lupus.
  JACOBSON, VENOUS  SYSTEM  OF, see Ve-
nous system.
  JACOBSON'S  ANASTOMOSIS, see Petrosal
ganglion.
  JACTATION, Jactita'lion, Jacta'tio,Jacta'tus,
Ithiptas'nros, Jactita'tio, from jactare, 'to toss
about.'  Extreme anxiety ; excessive restlessness;
■—a  symptom observed in  serious diseases.
   JACTITA'TIO, Inquietude, Jactation.
  JADE NEPHRITE ou  ORIENTALS, Ne-
phreticus lapis.
  JAGGERY,  Spirit Arrack, see Toddy.
   JAGRE, see Tari.
   JALAP, Convolvulus jalapa, Phytolacca  de-
candra—j. Blanc,  Convolvulus mechoacan—j.
Cancer root, Phytolacca decandra—j. Fusiform,
light male, see  Convolvulus jalapa—j. Wild, Con-
volvulus panduratus.
   JALAPA, Convolvulus jalapa,
   JALAPINE, see  Convolvulus jalapa.
   JALAPIUM, see Convolvulus jalapa.
   JALAPPA, Convolvulus jalapa—j. Alba, Con-
volvulus mechoacan.
   JALEYRAC, MINERAL  WATERS OF.
These waters are situate two leagues from  Mau-
riac, in France, on the road from Clermont in
Auvergne.  The waters contain lime and carbo-
nate of soda, and are esteemed to be tonic, ape-
rient, <fcc.
   JALOPA, Convolvulus jalapa.
   JAMAICA,  see West  Indies—j. Bark tree,
Bursera  gummifera.
   JAMAICINE, see Geoffrasa inermis.
   JA3IBES DE BAR BADE, see Elephantiasis
—j.  du Cervelet, Corpora restiformia.
   JA3IBIER, Tibial — /.  Antirieur, Tibialis  an-
ticus—j. Grele, Plantar  muscle—j. Postirieur,
Tibialis posticus.
   JAMES'S ANALEPTIC PILLS, see  Ana-
leptica.
   JAMESTOWN WEED. Datura stramonium.
   JANAMUNDA, Geum urbanum.
   JANDERS, Icterus.
  JA'NICEPS, from Janus, a divinity with two
faces, and caput, 'head.'  A double  monster, the
two bodies intimately  united above a common
umbilicus; and  a double head, with the faces
booking in opposite directions.—I. G. St. Hilaire.
  JANIPHA MANIHOT, Jatropha manihot.
  JANITOR. Pylorus.
  JANITRIX,  Porta vena.
  J AN ON- TARENTIS31E, Tarantismus.
  JANUS, Dicephalus.
  JAQUIER, Artocarpus.
  JAR RET, Poples.
  JARRETIER, Poplitasus muscle, Hamstring.
  JARRETIERE  (F.), Peris'celis,  a  garter,
from garetum or garretnm, in  low Latin, the ham.
A  kind of furfuraceous herpes, which occupiea
the part of the leg where the garter is worn.
  JAS3IIAT, Jasminum officinale.
  JASMINUM ARABICUM, Coffea Arabum.
  Jas'minum Officina'le, Jasminuni, Jesem'inum,
the Jes'samine,  (F.)  Jasmin.  Ord. Jasmineas.
The  flowers of this beautiful plant  have  a very
fragrant smell,  and a bitter taste.   They afford,
by distillation,  an essential oil; which is much
esteemed  in Italy, for rubbing paralytic limbs,
and in the cure of rheumatic pains.
  JASPER, Jaspis.
  JASPIS, Jasper.  A precious stone, supposed
by the ancients to be capable of arresting hemor-
rhage when  worn as an amulet.
  JATAMANSI,  Sumbul.
  JAT'ROPHA CURCAS,  (from taopat, 'I heal,'
and  rpefpor, 'I nourish.')  RiCinns  major, ltici-
no'i'des, Pi'neus seu Curcas  purgans, Pinhn'riet
Iildici, Faba cathar'tiea, Avella'na cathnr'tica,
Nux  cathar'tiea  America'na  seu  Bnrbitflen'sis,
Physic Nut, (F.)  Pignon d'lncle, 3litlicinier ru-
thartique. Grand  haricot de  Pirou,  Pignon de
Barbarie, Noix cathartique, N. Arniricnine OU
des Barbades.  Nat.  Order, Euphorbiaceas.  The
seeds of this plant afford a  quantity of oil, given,
in  many places, like the castor oil;  to which, in-
deed, it is nearly allied.   They contain a peculiar
acid, the Jutrophic or Igasuric.
  The seeds of Jatropha Multif'ida are called
Purging Nuts, and give out a similar oil.
  Jatropha Elastica, see Caoutchouc.
  Jatropha Man'ihot, Jan'ipha Man'ihot, 3fan-
ihot  utiliss'ima, Bitter Cassa'va.  The plant af-
fording the  Cassa'da or  Cassa'va Root, Cuctt'vi,
Casea've,  Cazabi,  Pain tie 3Iadagascar, ltic''init»
31 inor, 31an'ioe, 3fandioc, 31aguoc, 3Ianiot, Yucca,
3Ianiibar, Aipi, Aipima  coxera, Aipipoca, Jani-
pha.   The juice  of the root is extremely acrid
and  poisonous.  What remains, after expressing
it, is made into cakes or meal; of which the cas-
sada  or cassava  bread  is  formed.   This bread
constitutes a principal food of the inhabitants of
those parts where it grows.
  The fecula of the  root forms Tapioca, Cipipet,
Fec'ula Tapio'ka, Am'ylum  manihot'icum, which 
JAUNDERS
515
JUGALIS
is very nutritious.  It may be prepared in  the
Bame manner as sago.
  A factitious Tapioca is  met with in the shops,
which is in very small, smooth, spherical grains,
and is supposed to be prepared from potato starch.
It is sold under the name pearl tapioca.
  Jatropha Urens.  A most deadly plant.  The
touch of its  five bristly stings had  nearly cost
Mr. Smith, the curator of  Kew gardens,  his life.
  JAUNDERS, Icterus.
  JAUNDICE,  Icterus—j. Black,  Melasna—j.
Green, Icterus viridis—j. Lead, Icterus satur-
ninus—j. Red, Phenigmus.
  JAUNE, Yellow—j. d'CEuf, see Ovum.
  J A UNISSE, Icterus.
  JAW BONE, Maxillary Bone.
  JAW-DISEASE, PHOSPHORUS, see Phos-
phorus.
  JEAN-DE-GLAINES,  ST., MINERAL WA-
TERS OF.   These waters are  situate two leagues
from  Billom in  Auvergne.  They  contain chlo-
ride of calcium,  and carbonate of magnesia;  dis-
solved in an excess of carbonic acid.
  JEANNETTE, Narcissus pseudonarcissus.
  J E CIN US, Liver.
  J ECO R AIRE, Hepatic.
  JECORAL, Hepatic.
  JEOORARIA, Marchantia polyraorphia.
  JECORARIUS, Hepateros,  Hepatic.
  JECORIS VOMICA, see Hepatitis.
  JECTIGATIO. A word used by Van  Helmont
 for a species of epilepsy or convulsion.
  JETER,  Liver—j. Uterinum, Placenta.
  JEFFERSO'NIA BARTO'NI,  J.  Diphylla,
 Common Twinlenfi,   Yellow   Root,  Rheumatism
 Root,  Helmet Pod,  Ground Squirrel Pea.  An
 indigenous  plant, belonging to Nat.  Ord. Berbe-
 rideas, Sex. Syst. Octandria Monogynia ; which
 possesses medical properties analogous  to those
 of  hvdrastis.
  JEJUNITAS, Hunger.
  JEJUNITIS; a term  of hybrid formation,—
from  Jejunum, 'the intestine  jejunum,'  and  itis,
 a suffix denoting  inflammation.  Inflammation
 of  the jejunum.
  JE.TUNIUM, Hunger, Fasting.
  JRJU'NUM,   from jejnnns, 'empty:' Nestis,
 vijotis, Arestln.  The part  of the small  intestine
 comprised between the duodenum and ileum.  It
 has been so called, because it is almost always
 found empty in the dead body.
  JELLY,  Gelly—j.  of  the Cord, Gelatin  of
 Wharton—j. Rice, see Oryza—j.  Water,  Bra-
 senia hydropeltis.
  JENEPERE. Juniperus communis.
  JENKINSONIA ANTIDYSENTERICA, Pe-
largonium antidysentericum.
  JERGON, see Arrow-poison.
  JERKING   RESPIRATION,  Respiration,
jerking.
  JERKS, see Mania, dancing.
  JEROFFLERIS. Dianthus caryophvllus.
  JERSEY,  CLIMATE OF.   Jersey is  the
largest, of the islnnds of the British Channel, and
is most  frequented  by  invalids.    Its   climate
closely resembles that of  the  south-west const
of England, and especially of Penzance,  and it is
adapted to the same class  of invalids.
  JERUSALEM OAK  OF AMERICA, Cheno-
podium anthelminticum.
  JESEMINI'M. Jnsminnm officinale.
  JESSAMINE, Jasminum officinale—j. Yellow,
Gelseniinum nitidum.
  JETTCUCU. Batata de  purga.
  JEUNESSE, Adolescence.
  JEW RUSH. Pedilanthus tithyraaloi Ro.
  JEWEL WEED, Iiupatiens balsamina.
   JEW'S EAR, Peziza auricula—j. Harp, Tril-
 lium latifolium.
   JIGGER, Chique.
   JIMPSON WEED, Datura stramonium.
   JTMSTON WEED, Datura stramonium.
   JIZZEN-BED, see Parturition.
   JOANNESIA PRINCEPS, Anda,
   JOANNETTE,   MINERAL  WATERS  OF.
 Several springs are found  at  Joannette, about
 five leagues from Angers, in France. The waters
 are both cold and warm, and contain sulphate of
 lime; subcarbonate of soda; chloride of sodium;
 some iron ; chloride of calcium, and, sometimes,
 a kind of saponaceous matter.   They are chiefly
 used as a tonic in chlorosis, leucorrhoea, &c.
   JOE PYE,  Eupatorium  perfoliatum,  and E.
 purpureum.
   JOHNE,  MINERAL WATERS OF.   Johne
 is a village near Dol  in  Francbe-Comte,  France,
 where  is a mineral spring, which contains  sub-
 carbonate  of soda,  and subcarbonates of magne-
 sia and iron.  It  is  used  chiefly as  a  bath in
 certain diseases of the skin, and in atonic affec-
 tions.
   JOINT, Articulation—i. Ball and Socket. En-
 arthrosis—j. Dove-tail, Suture—j. Stiff, Anky-
 losis.
   JONAS. Icterus.
   Jonas, Mineral Waters  of.  This spring is
 situate to  the south-west of Bourbon-l'Archam-
 bault,  in France.   The waters  contain chloride
 of calcium  and sulphate  of lime;  chloride of
 sodium, and  sulphate of soda:  carbonate of
 iron, and carbonic  acid gas.  They are tonic and
 aperient,
   JORDAN'S WHITE SULPHUR SPRINGS.
 These are  in Virginia, five or six miles from Win-
 chester. They are  used in the  same cases as sul-
 phureous springs in general.
   JOT-GUT, Rectum.
   JOUAN, ST., MINERAL WATERS OF.   St.
 Jnuan  is a village, near Saint-Malo, in  France.
 The water is a cold chalybeate.
   JOUBARBE  ACRE, Sedum—/.  des Toits,
 Seinpervivuin  tectorum—j. des Vignes,  Sedum
 telephium.
   JOI'E.  Genu.
   JOULOS, Julus.
   JOUR. Dies.
   JOURS  CANICULAIRES, Dog  days—/.
 Critiques,  Critical  days — /.  Iudicntenrs, Indi-
 cating days—j. Paroxyntiques, see Paroxynf.ie.
   JOVIS  FLOS, Crocus—j. Glans, Juglans.
   JUCATO  CALLELOE, Phytolacca  decandra.
   JUDJVUS,  Jndn'icus seu Phcerricltes  Lapis,
 Tecol'ithos,  (F.)  Pierre  Judniqite.   A  stone,
 found  in  Judasa,  Palestine, &c.   CaJled, also,
 Lapis Syriacus.  It was formerly esteemed to be
 diuretic and lithontriptic.
   JUDGMENT, Judic"ium, (F.) Jugement.  The
 faculty of the  intellect, by which ideas are com-
 pared with  each other, and their relative worth
 appreciated.
   JUDTCATORII  DIES, Critical days.
   JUDICIUM, JndL'ioent.
   JUGA ALVEOLARIA, see Alveolar arches.
   Ju'ga Cerebra'lia. Prominences on the inner
 surface of the bones of the cranium, between the
 digital  impressions.
   JUGAL,  Zygomatic—j. Process, Zygomatic
 process.
   Jugal  Region,  Re'gio Juga'lis.  The  region
 of the cheek-bone.
   JIIGALE  OS. Mala? os.
   JUGALIS. Zygomatic.
   Jugalis  Sutu'ra,  from  fwynv,  jtignm, (from
 jnngere, junctrim,  'to join,')  'a  yoke.'   The
! suture which unites the Os 3Iala  or Os  Juga'le 
JUGEMENT
51
6      JUNIPERUS  COMMUNIS
with  tho superior maxillary  bone.  Also,  the I
sagittal suture.
  JUGEMENT. Judgment.
  JUGEOLINE, Sesamum orientale.
  JUGLANS, BLACK. J. nigra.
  Juglans Ciner'ea (Ju-glans, quasi Jovisglans),
Butter or Oil Nut, White Walnut.  Ord. Juglan-
daeeas.   The inner bark of the root of  this tree,
Juglans  (Ph. U.  S.),  which is abundant in the
United States, is used in medicine, in  the  form
of extract, as an efficacious and mild laxative, in
doses of from  10 to  20 grains.   It is  in  the
secondary list of the Pharmacopoeia of the United
States.
  Juglans Nigra, Black Juglans, BI nek Walnut;
indigenous.   The rind of the  unripe fruit is said
to remove ringworm and tetter.  A  decoction has
been given as an  anthelmintic.
  Juglans Re'gia, Juglans, Nux Juglans, Carya
basilica,  Kapva,  Carya.   The  Walnut,  French
nut,  (E.) Noyer, the  tree; Noix,  the nut, teapvov,
 Car'yon.  The unripe fruit, in the state in which
it is pickled, was  formerly esteemed to be anthel-
mintic.  The putamen  or green rind of the walnut
has been  celebrated  a? a powerful antisyphilitic,
and  used  as a sort of diet drink.  The kernel is
an  agreeable article of dessert; but, like all nuts,
is difficult of digestion.  The expressed  oil, Huile
de  Aroix, is used  in France as an  aliment, and,
like other fixed oils, is laxative.
  Various preparations of  the leaves have been
recommended in scrofulous affections.
  JUG'ULAR, Jiiguhlris, from  jugulum, (itself
from jiignm,  because  the 'yoke' was  attached
there,) 'the  throat.'   Relating to the throat.
  Jugular  Fossa, Fossa Jugnla'ris, is  a cavity
in the petro-occipitnl suture.  It is formed by the
petrous portion of the temporal bone, and by the
occipital bone, and lodges the  origin of  the inter-
nal jugular vein.  It is, sometimes, called thimble-
like cavity.
  Jugular Veins, Vena Jugula'res sen sphagil-
ides  seu apoplec'tica  seu sopor,I les.  These are
situate at the lateral and anterior parts of tbe
neck.  They are two on each side ; one external,
the other internal.   1.  The  External Jugular-
 Vein, Trachilo-sous-cutanie, (Ch.) is of less size
than the internal.  It  descends, almost vertically,
along the  anterior and lateral part of the neck,
from the cervix  of the lower jaw to the subcla-
vian.vein, into which  it opens, a little above the
internal jugular.  It  is  formed by the internal
maxillary, superficial temporal, and posterior au-
riculnr veins.  It is this vein which is commonly
opened in  bleeding in the neck.   2. The Internal
Jugular  Vein,  V. Ciphalique (Ch.), Vena  apo-
plec'tica, is much larger, and more deeply seated
than the preceding.  It descends, vertically, along
the anterior and lateral part of the neck, from the
posterior part of the foramen lacerum posterius as
far as the  subclavian vein.  It commences at the
sinus of the jugular  vein, (F.) Golfe de la veine
jiigulairc, and receives the blood, which returns
by  the sinus  of the  dura mater, and that of the
facial, lingual, pharyngeal, superior thyroid, oc-
cipital, and diploic veins.
  JUGULUM, Clavicle, Throat—j. Uteri, Collum
uteri.
  JUGUM PENIS, Prcsse-ure-thre.
  JUICE. EXPRESSED, see Suceus.
  JU'JUBE, Ju'juba, Ziz'yphnm, Bacea jujuba,
B.  Ziz'yphi.  A  word of  Arabic  origin.  The
fruit  of Rhamnus Ziz'yphns seu Ziz'yphus vulga'-
ris.   Ord.  Rhamneas.   A native of the  south of
Europe.   It  was  formerly ranked  amongst  the
pectoral fruits.  It has an agreeable sweet taste.
The fruits  of two other species of Zizyphus — Z.
jujuba, Rhamnus jujuba, 3Iansana arbo'rea,  a
native of the East Indies, and Z. lotus,  Rhamnus
lotus, Zizyphus nilitla seu sati'va seu sylves'tris
growing in North Africa, possess properties simi-
lar to those of  Zizypbus vulgaris.
  Jujube  Paste, Paste of jujubes,
  JULAPIUM, Julep—j.  Cumphorns,  Mistura
Camphoric.
  JULEB, Julep.
  JULEP, Ju/a'piiim,  Jitle'pus, Znla'pium, ,In-
leb of the Persians.   A sweet  drink.  A demul-
cent, acidulous or mucilaginous mixture.
  Julep,  Camphor, Mistura camphoric—/  Ca,n-
phri,  Mistura  camphoric—j.  Chalk,  Mistura
cretae—j.  Mint, see  Mint julep.
  JULUS, Jnlos, Ioulos, tovXuf.  The first,  down
that appears  upon the chin.—Rufus of Ephesus.
  JUM, Lolium temulenturn.
  JUMBLE  BEADS, see Abrus precatorius.
  JUM EAU. Gemellus.
  JUMEAUX DE  LA JA31BE, Gastrocncmii.
  JU31ELLE, Oeinellus.
  JUMENTOUS URINE,  Urine jumenteuee.
  JUMPERS,  see Coiirnlsionnaire.
  JUNCTURA, Articulation.
  JUNCUS ODORATUS, from jungere, junction,
'to join,'  in  allusion  to  the  use of  rushes  for
bands. [?]  Andropo'gon schocnarlthus seu bieor'-
nis  seu citra'tus seu citriodo'rus, Cymbopn'gnn
schoenan'thus, Fceniim carnelo'rum, Juncus nrnmiil-
ictts,  Camels  hay,  Sweet  rush, Schopnan'tliiis,
Schoenailthum, Searian'thum, Calamus odoru'tits,
Squinan'thus, Gram en orienta'le, (F.) Jirnc odo-
rant, Fain de chameau.  Ord. Gramineas.  The
dried plant,  which  is  generally procured from
Turkey and Arabia, has an agreeable smell, and
a warm, bitterish taste.  It was formerly used as
a stomachic and deobstruent.
  JUNGLE  FEVER.   A  variety of remittent
occurring  in  the junirle districts of India.
  JUNIPER TREE, Juniperus communis.
  JUNIP'ERUM VINUM.  Wine impregnated
with iuniper  berries.
  JUNIP'ERUS COMMU'NIS,/. Snee"ica, Ar-
ceu'thos, Ju'niper tree ; Akat'alis, Aknt'em, (Sc.)
Jenepere.   Family,  Coniferas.   Sex. Syst. Dicechi
Monadelphia,  Tbe berries, Junip'erus  (Ph.  U.
S.),  (Sc.)  Eatin-berries, Etnagh-berries, are or-
dered  in  the  pharmacopoeias.   Their  odour is
strong, but not unpleasant.  Taste  warm, pun-
gent.  Properties dependent upon essential oil,
which  they  yield  to  both water  and  alcohol.
Dose, J)j  to  t^s, rubbed  with  sugar.  In Hol-
land, juniper  berries  are  used for  flavouring
gin.   The oil, O'leum jnnip'eri, possesses the
virtues  of tbe plant.  It  is called,  by  Ruland,
Targar.   (F'.)  Genivrier  (the  plant),  Gcnicvre
(the berry).
  Juniperus Lycia.  This plant—Thu'rea, Th.
virgn.  Arbor thurifera — has  been supposed to
afford the true frankincense,  Cedros  Olib'annm,
Thus  Libano'tos,   Libano'tum,  Lib'alios,  Thus
mas'culnm, Thus verum, (F.) Encens.  By some,
however,  it is  supposed to be the produce of an
Am'yris, and by others of Boswellia serra'ta, or
B. thurifera.  The odour of olibanum is peculiar
and  aromatic; taste  bitterish  and slightly pun-
gent;  partly soluble in alcohol, and forming a
milky emulsion, when triturated with water.  It
was  formerly used in dysentery and hasmoptysis,
but is now never employed except as a perfume
in a, sick room.
  Juniperus Oxycf.'drus, (F.) Genivrier Oxyre-
dre,  Cade,  Oxicedre,  Oxyeedre, grows in  the
south of Europe, Siberia, &c.   By combustion of
the wood, a  liquid  tar, O'leum ca'dinum, ./"»'/''-
eri  o'leum empyreumalicum,  Oil of  Cade, ft.)
Huile de Cade ou de. Genivrier. is obtained, which
is employed  externally in various chronic cuta-
neous and other diseases.
  Juniperus Sabi'na, Sabina, S. ster'ilis, Savi- 
JUNK
51
KALIUM  IODATUM
na, Bruta, Ccdrus barcifera. Common or barren I
tnidn ; Bratlnt, Bmthys, Ua'rathrou, Bo'rnthron,
(F.) Sabine, Snvinier.  The odour of savin tops,
Snlji'iia of the pharmacopoeias, is strong and dis-
agreeable.  Taste hot, acrid, and bitter, depend-
ing on an essential oil.  Their operation is stimu-
lant, emmenagogue, anthelmintic, and  abortive ;
externally,  escharotic.  Dose, internally, gr. v to
x of the powder.  As an escharotic, they are ap-
plied  in powder  or  formed  into a  cerate.   The
essential oil, O'leum Sabi'na (Ph. U. S.), has the
virtues of tbe  savine.  Dose, two to five drops.
  Juniperus Suecica,  J. communis.
  Juniperus Virginia'na, Red cedar.  This tree
is known throughout the United States by the
name of savine, and is often used  for  the  same
purposes.  The  tops and  leaves are officinal in
the Pharmacopoeia of the United States.
  JUNK, Pad.
  JENO LUCINA, Uithyia,
  JUNO'S  TEARS, Verbena officinalis.
  JUPITER.  Tin.
  JUPITER'S BEARD, Sempervivum tectorum.
  JURIBALI, Eiuibnli.  A tree in the forests
of  Pom croon.  Finn. Meliaceas.  Class, Octan-
drin.   Nut. Order,  Monogynia.    The bark  is
febrifuL'e, and may be given in powder or infu-
sion,  (^j ad aq. bullient. Oij.)
  JUlilSPRU'DENCE,  MEDTCAL,  from jus,
juris, 'law,' and prudent in, 'knowledge.'  Juris-
 prudent'tia  Med'ica.   This  word is often  used
synonymously  with  Legal  Medicine.   It  is  at
times employed for the embodied laws  and regu-
lations  that relate to the  teaching  and practice
of medicine.
  JURY OF MATRONS. A jury formed of wo-
men  empanelled  under a writ de ventre inspici-
ciiilo, to try the  question, whether a woman is
with  child or not.
  JUS, Zornos, Zomid'ium, Sorbil'io, Sor'bitum.
Soup, broth, Jus'adum  or bouillon.
   K.  This letter was formerly used to designate
 a compound of geld.
   KAATH, Catechu.
   KAAWY.  Ancient name of an Indian drink,
 prepared from maize.
   KABALA. Cabal.
   K.EMPFERIA GALANGA, see Maranta ga-
 laugn.
   K^mpfe'ria Rotun'da.   Called after Kasmp-
 fer, the naturalist.  Zedoa'ria, Z. rotun'da, Amo'-
 miim  zedoa'ria, Colchicum  Zeylnrlicum,  Cural-
 tna aromat'ica,  Zed'oary,  (F.)  Zidoaire  rond.
 Ord.  Zingiberaceiv.   The roots of this Ceylonese
 plant have a  fragant smell, and  warm, bitterish,
 nromatic taste.  They are in wrinkled, gray, ash-
 coloured, heavy, firm, short pieces; of a  brown-
 ish-red  colour  within :  and are  stimulant  and
 carminative.  Dose, ^j to t"j of  the powder.
   According to  some, the round zedoary is  fur-
 nished by Curcuma zerumbet ; the long, Zedoa'ria
 loiuja, bv Curcuma zedoa'ria.
  K.UIINCE RADIX, Guineas radix.
  KAIB, Knyl.   A word employed by the alche-
mists for sour nnd coagulated milk.
  KAJEPUT, Cajeput.
I   Jus Bovinum. Beef-tea—j. Coagulatum, Gelly.
   JUS D'HEltBES (F.).  The juice of certain
 vegetables administered as  depuratives;  as that
 of fumitory, burdock, water trefoil, Ac.
   Jus Jelatum, Gelly—j.  de Riglisse, see Gly-
 cyrrhiza— /. de  Vinnde, see Bouillon.
   JUSCULUM, see Jus.
   JI.'SEE (F.).   An aqueous maceratum of tan,
 coarsely powdered, in which the skins of animals
 have been steeped for  a time, in the preparation
 of leather.  An extract has been prepared from
 this, which has been prescribed in syrup and in
 pill; each pill containing about a grain and a half
 of  the extract;  and two being taken daily in
 phthisis, and in  general  debility connected with
 scrofula and rickets.—Barruel.
   J U SOU IA MINE. Hyoscyamus.
   JUSQUIAMUS, Hyoscyamus.
   JUSQUIAUME, Hyoscyamus.
   JUSTICIA  BIVALVIS, Adulasso—j. Adha-
 toda, Adhatoda.
   Justic"ia Ecbol'ium, Carim  curini. A Mala-
 bar  plant, the  root of  which, and the leaves, in
 decoction, are  considered in  the country to be
 lithontriptic.
   Justicia Pectora'lis.   A  West  India plant,
 which is  slightly  astringent.  (F.)  Carmantine,
  C. Pectorale, Herbe aux Charpentiers.
   JUVANS, pi. Jitvantia, Aitxilium, Remed'ium.
 A medicine or substance of any kind, which re-
 lieves a disorder.   An Adjuvant.
   JUVENIS, Adolescens.
   JUVENTA, Adolescence, Hebe.
   JUVENTAS, Adolescence, Hebe.
   JUVENTUS,  Adolescence,  Hebe.
   JUXTAPOSIT'TON, Juxtnposil'io, from
 juxta, 'near to,' and ponere, position, 'to place.'
 The mode of increase proper to minerals ; which
 consists in  the successive application of new
 molecules upon  those  that form the  primitive
 nucleus.   It is opposed to intussusception.
   KAKERLAKISM, see Albino.
   KAKOCHYMIA. Cacochymia.
   KALI, Potash, Potassa — k.  Acetas, Potassas
acetas—k. Aeratum, Potassae carbonas — k. Bi-
chromicum, Potassae bichroinas — k. Causticum,
Potassa  fusa — k. Causticum cum calce, Potassa
cum calce—k. Cbloricum, Potassas murias bvper-
oxygenatus—k. Chromicum acidum, Potassa' bi-
chromas—k. Chromicum fiavum, Potassas bichro-
mas—k.  Chromicum rubrum, Potassae bichromas
— k. Chromicum  neutrale,  Potassae  chromas —
k. Hydriodinicum,  see  Potassas hydriodas—k.
Inermis,  see   Salsola  kali — k. Nitricum,  Po-
tassas nitras—k. Oxalicum acidulum, Potassa, ox-
alate  of—k. Prasparatum, Potassas  subcarbonas
—k. Prasparatuin  e tartaro, see Potash—k. Purum,
Potassa fusa — k. Soda, see  Salsola kali—k.  Spi-
nosum cochleatum,  Salsola kali—k. Subcarbonas,
Potassas  subcarbonas — k. Sulphas, Potassae sul-
phas—k. Sulphuricum. Potassas  sulphas—k.  Sul-
phuretum,  Potassae sulphuretum — k. Tartariza-
tum, Potassas tartras—k. e Tartaro, see Potash—
k. Vitriolatum, Potassas sulphas.
  KALICUM HYDRAS,  Potassa fusa,
  KALIUM  IODATUM,  see Potassas hydriodas
                                       K.

N. B.—3Iost of the terms under K, derived from the Greek, are found under the letter C. 
KALMIA  ANGUSTIFOLIA     51
■—k. Iodatum Hydrargyratum, Potassii hydrar-
gvro-iodidum.
 "KALMIA  ANGUSTIFO'LIA.   Called after
Kaltn, the botanist,  fry, Narrow-leareil Kalmia
or Laurel,  Du-itrf Laurel, Sheep Laurel.  Ord.
F>icacea3.  This plant has the same virtues as K.
laiifolia.  So also have  Kalmia  Cunea'ta  and
Kalmia Hirsu'ta.
  Kalmia, Broad Leaved, K. latifolia.
  Kalmia Glauca, Swamp Laurel, Pale Laurel.
  Kalmia  Latifo'i.IA,  Broad -leaved Kalmia,
Calico bush,  Laurel, 3[ountain or Rose or Broad-
leaved  Laurel, Big  Ivy, Spoon wood,  Lambkill,
Sheejr-poison. (F.) Laurier des 3lontagnes.  This
plant kills sheep and other animals.   The Indians
use it as a  poison.   The powdered leaves have
been applied  successfully in tinea capitis ;  and a
decoction of  it has been used for the itch.  The
powder, mixed with  lard, has been applied in
herpes.
  Kalmia, Narrow-leaved, K. angustifolia.
  KALO, Arum esculentum.
  KAMEYLA. see Rottlera tinctoria.
  KAMPHUR, Camphor.
  KANKROID, Cancroid.
  KAPHUR, Camphor.
  KARABE, Asphaltum.
  KARABITUS. Phrenitis.
  KARCINOSEN, Carcinoses.
  KARENA, Carena.
  RARKINOMA, Carcinoma.
  KARSON-KHAYI,  Swk;tenia Senegalensis.
  KASSADER. Convolvulus panduratus.
  KASSAUDER, Convolvuluj panduratus.
  KATASARCA, Anasarca.
  KATASTALTICA, Astringents.
  KAVA, Ava.
  KAVIAC,  Caviare.
  RAWING, Anhelatio.
  KAYL, Kaib.
  KECKCORN, Trachea.
  KECKER, Trachea.
  KEEN-BITE,  see Congelation.
  KEER, Sorbus acuparia.
  KEITA, Monsonia ovata.
  KELISj see Cancroid.
  KELKING, Eructation.
  KELOID,  Cancroid.
  KELOTOMIA, Celotomia.
  RELP, Varec.   The impure mineral alkali ob-
tained by burning certain marine plants.  See Soda,
  RENCH, Sprain.
  KENNELWORT, Scrophularia nodosa.
  KENTUCK'Y, MINERAL WATERS OF. The
 Olympian Springs, 31udlick, in this State, are near
the sources of Licking river.  There  are three
different kinds, in the space of half a mile.  One
of them is saline, impregnated with sulphur;—
another is  chalybeate, and a third a sulphureous
spring.  In various parts of Kentucky, there are
saline waters,  which  are frequented  by inva-
lids.   The  Salines  at  Bigbone,  formerly  em-
ployed in the manufacture of salt,  are now re-
sorted to.  A spring, near Harrodsburg, in Mercer
County, is strongly impregnated with sulphate of
magnesia, and is much visited.  At the Blue Licks
on  both banks of the  Licking river,  there  are
sulphureous saline waters.
  KERATIASIS, Ceratiasis.
  KERATITIS.  Ceratitis.
  RERATOCELE. Ceratocele.
  RERATODEITIS. Ceratitis.
  RERATO-GLOSSUS. Cerato-glossus.
  RERATO-IRITIS, Aquo-membranitis.
  RERATO-MALACIA, Cerato-malacia.
  RERATONVXIS, Ceratonvxis.
  KERAT0-PHARYNGEUS, Cerato-pharyn-
geus.
  KERATOPLASTY, Ceratoplastice.
8                KIDNEY
  KERATO-STAPHYLINUS, Ccrato-staphyli-
nus.
  RERATOTOMUS, Ceratotomus,  Knife, cata-
ract.
  KERECTOMY, Cerectomy.
  KERION, see Favosus.
  KERMES,  Chermes,  A/kerm'es.  One of  the
species of the genus kermes lives on a green oak,
and  is  called Coccus  ilia's, Kermes animal
Cocci granum, Caecum, C. bapllicum sen infer'tu-
rium seu  tincto'rum  seu scarlatlnttm, kc.  The
oak, to which allusion has been made, is known
by botanists under the name  Quercus coccif'ern,
and grows abundantly in the uncultivated lands
of southern France, Spain, and  in the islands of
the Grecian Archipelago.  The kermes inhabitiii"
it has the appearance of a small, spherical, inani-
mate shell.  Its colour  is reddish-brown, and it
is  covered with  a  slightly  ash-coloured dust.
This is the kermes of the shops.  It is now onlv
used in  dyeing;  but was  formerly reputed to
possess aphrodisiac, analeptic, anti-abortive, mid
other virtues.
  Kermes Mineral, Antiinonii sulplinretum pras-
cipitatum  and A. sulphuretum rubrum.
  KERNEL, Tubercle.
  KERNELS, WAXING, see Waxing kernels.
  KERN-MILK, Buttermilk.
  KERUA. Ricinus  communis.
  KETCHUP, Catchup.  A pickle prepared from
the liquor of the mushroom, walnut, tomato, &c.
  KETMIA iEGYPTIACA,  Hibiscus abelmos-
chus.
  REY, Sax. C365. Clavis, C/er's, Clavis An'glim,
(F.)  Clef; Clef de Garangeot.  An instrument,
used for extracting teeth.  It consists of a firm
handle,  with a claw at right angles  to it,  and
moving  upon  a pivot.   This  claw embraces  the
tooth.  It has undergone several modifications,
and hence various instruments are used under
this denomination.  The French have  the Clef d
pompe. Clef d pivot,  and Clef d noix.
  REYRI'CHEIRI, Cheiranthus cheiri.
  KUALA MIMUC, Bit noben.
  KHAYA  SENEGALENSIS, Swietenia Sene-
galensis.
  RHUS-KHUS, Andropogon muricatus.
  RIASTER,  Chiaster, from xin^civ, 'to cross.'
A  species of bandage,  having the  form of  the
Greek letter ^, which  the ancients used for  ap-
proximating, and maintaining in  contact,  the
fragments of the  patella, in  cases of fracture of
that bone.  It was applied in the  form of  the
figure 8.
  KIBE,  Chilblain.
  KIBIST1T031E,  Cystitome.
  KIDNEY.  Its etymology  is uncertain.  Sere-
nius derives it fancifully from Su. Goth, quel, the
belly; and tii!/h,(qnasi,qiiiduey.)  Ren, Nephms,
Protme'sis,  (Se.) Neir,  Nere,  (F.) Rein.   The
kidneys or reins are  the secretory organs of the
urine.   They are two glands,  situate deeply,—
the one  on the right, and the  other on the  left
side — in  the  hypochondres : at the sides of the
lumbar  vertebras ; behind the  peritoneum ; and
in the midst of an abundant,  fatty areolar tissue,
Tu'nica seu Cap'sula adipo'sa.  The kidney ia
of a reddish-brown colour; oval form; and  flat-
tened on two surfaces.  It  has, at its internal
margin, a deep fissure, by which the renal vessels
and  nerves enter or quit the  organ, and the ure-
ter issues.  It resembles, pretty accurately, the
haricot  or  kidney-bean.   Two  substances  are
readily distinguishable in it;—the outer, secern-
ing,  cortical, glanelular or vascular,  Substan lift
cortica'lis  seu glandulo'sa,  which  secretes  tbe
urine; and  the inner,  tubular, medullary, urini-
ferous, conoidal or radiated, Substantia .Medul-
la'ris seu Tubttlo'sa seu Fibro'sa, which appears 
KIESTEINE              51
9                   KIST
under tbe form of small cones or unequal papilla
or mammilla, each  resulting from the union  of
small capillary tubes, adherent by one  of  their
extremities to  tho cortical substance; and open-
ing,  by the other, at the summit of the cone, into
culires, a species of membranous  tubes, more or
less  numerous, which transmit the urine of the
papilla! to the pelvis.   By the pelvis is  meant a
small, membranous sac,  of an  irregularly oval
shape, at the base of which are the orifices of the
calices, and the other extremity of which is con-
tinuous  with  the ureter.   The  kidney  is sur-
rounded by a fibrous membrane proper to it,  Peri-
neph'rits,  Tu'nica  pro'pria seu  albugin'ea.  It
has been shown  by Mr. Bowman and others that
the renal artery is distributed to the corpora Mal-
pighiana, forming a pellet of convolutions, which
is received into a flask-like dilatation of the ure-
ter— Bowman's Capsule, and through which—it is
conceived—the watery portion of the urine  is  se-
parated.   The blood then becomes venous, and is
distributed by different veins—portal, veins of the
kidney—to the convoluted tubes  through which
the  proper urine is secreted.  Hence the  blood
passes into the renal  vein.  The intermediate
vessels between the  Malpighian bodies and the
convoluted tubes have been termed  the Portal
System of the  Kidney.
   Kidney, Brigiit's  Disease  of the,  3forbus
Bright'ii  seu  albitminen'sis seu graniilo'ens Re-
man, Nephritis albumino'sa seu soeia'ta, Nepll-
ria, A'e/ili rachnlnzo'sis, Ncph rococco'sis, Urirzc'mia
albumin,r'sa,  Cachee'tic or  Asso'dated  nephritis,
Inflammation of the 3Ialpig'hian cor'puscles, Dis-
ease of Bright, Gran'ular Degeneration  or Dis-
organization ofi the Kidney, Granular Kidney of
Bright,  Cachee'tic nephritis,  Chaluzonephrltis,
(F.)  Maladie  de  Bright,  Niphn'te  albumineuse,
Flat Grariulatx ou Digenirescence granulie du
Rein, Albitininurorrhie.   A granular disease of
the  cortical part of the kidney, which gives occa-
sion to the secretion  of urine that contains albu-
men, and  is of less specific gravity than natural,
nnd which destroys by inducing  other  diseases.
It was first described by Dr. Bright, of London.
   Kidney,  Granular,  of  Bright,   Kidney,
Bright's disease of the.
   KI'ESTEINE, Ki'estein, properly Ky'esteine,
Ki/'estein, Kystein, Cy'esteine or Cy'estein,  Kies-
the'in,—(Lehumnn), from  kvciv, 'to be pregnant,'
and ecdns, ' a garment or pellicle.'  A peculiar
albuminoid pellicle, which forms on the urine of
a pregnant female when  allowed to stand for  a
few days.   It is  whitish,  opalescent,  slightly
granular,  and may be compared to the fatty sub-
stance that swims on  the surface of soups, after
they have  been allowed to cool.   When taken in
conjunction with other phenomena, it  is a valu-
able aid in the diagnosis of early pregnancy.
   KlESTIN'IC, Kiestin'icus ; same etymon. Re-
lating or appertaining to  kiesteine ; as ' kiestinic
urine.'
   KILBURN, MINERAL WATERS OF. These
Bprings contain carbonic acid, sulphohydric  acid ;
carbonates of lime, magnesia, and iron ;  sulphates
of soda, lime, and magnesia, and chloride  of
sodium.
  KILE, Ulcer.
  KILL LAMB, Andromeda mariana.
  KILOGRAMME,  Chiliogranlma,  from ^iAioj,
'a  thousand,'  and ypapp.a, 'a gramme.'  The
weight of  a  thousand grammes;—two pounds,
eight ounces, one drachm, and twenty-four grains,
Troy.
  KILOLITRE, from ^iX«o«,'a  thousand,'and
Xirp.i, 'a litre.'  A measure containing a thousand
litres.
  KINA KINA, Cinchona.
  KINANCTE, Cynanche.
  KINCOUGH, Pertussis.
  RINDCOUGH,  Pertussis.
  KINESIP'ATHY,  Kinesitherapi'a,  Cinesip'-
athy, Movement cure, Motor'pathy, Medicina me-
chan'ica, from  Ktvntng, 'motion,' and nadus, 'dis-
ease.'  A mode of treating disease by gymnastics
or appropriate  movements proposed by Ling,  a
Swede, and hence called Lingism.
  KINETIC, Motory.
  RINGCURE, Pyrola maculata.
  KING'S EVIL, Scrofula.
  KINGSHOOD, Reticulum.
  K1NKT ACETAS, Quinia, acetate of.
  RININUM,  Quinine.
  RINIUM, Quinine.
  RINR, Quinte.
  KINK IN THE HEAD, see Insanity.
  KINRHAUST,  Pertussis.
  RINKHOST, Pertussis.
  RINRINA, Cinchona.
  RINO, Gummi Gambierlse seu rubrum adstrin'-
gens Gambien'se seu adstrin''gens Fothergilli', Af-
rican, East India or  Amboy'na kino, (F.) Gomme,
sue ou cxtrait  de  kino.   The trees, whence one
variety of this  resin  is obtained, are not botani-
cally ascertained.   The  London college ascribe
it to  Pterocar'pus erina'cea;  the Edinburgh  to
Eucalyp'tus  resinif era   seu  gummifera,  Iron
bark; and  the  Dublin to Butea  frondo'sa.  The
Pharmacopoeia of the United States, (1842 and
1851), defines it to be "an extract obtained,from
an  uncertain plant;" that of 1851 states it to be
the inspissated juice of Pterocarp'us mrirsu'pium.
(De Candolle) and of other plants.   On wound-
ing the bark, the  kino flows  drop by  drop.   A
West India variety is said to be derived from Coc-
coloba uvifi'era or Sea-side Grape ; and  a Botany
Bay kino is said to be the concrete juice of Euca-
lyp'tus resinif era or brown gum-tree of New Hol-
land.  Sex. Syst. Icosandria Monogynia.   Nat.
Ord. Myrtaceas.  Rino consists  chiefly of tannic
and gallic acids, oxide of iron, and colouring mat-
ter.   It is inodorous; the taste a sweetish bitter;
and it is sometimes gritty between the teeth.  It
comes to us in fragments  of  a dark  ruby red
colour, and is  easily pulverized.  Its properties
are powerfully astringent. Dose, gr. x to gr. xx
in powder.
  RIONORRHAPHIA, Staphyloraphy.
  RI'OTOME, Kiot'omus, from kiiov,  'a pillar,'
'support,' and reuvttv, 'to cut.'   (F.) Coupebride.
An instrument  invented  by Desault to cut any
accidental  brides or filaments in the rectum and
bladder; and which he  afterwards used for the
removal of the tonsils.   It is composed of a flat,
silver sheath, open at  one edge.  This  sheath  is
provided with a cutting blade, which can be forced
through the opening, and thus all the parts can be
divided with which it comes in  contact.
  RIPPERNUT, Bunium bulbocastanum.
  KIRATE.  A weight of four grains, according
to Blancard.
  KIRIAGHUMA, Gvmneura lactiferum.
  KIRKLAND'S  NEUTRAL  CERATE,  see
Cerate, Kirkland's Neutral.
  RIRNMILR, Buttermilk.
  RTRRHONOSIS,  Cirrhosis.
  RIRRHOSIS, Cirrhosis.
  KIRSCHWASSER, (G.) Kirscb and Was-
ser), 'Cherry water.'  An alcoholic  liquor, ob-
tained from cherries bruised with their stones, by
subjecting  them  to   distillation,  after having
caused them to ferment.   See Spirit.
  RISSTNGEN,  MINERAL WATERS OF.
These  Bavarian  springs  have  been  long fre-
quented.  There are three,—two chalybeate, and
one alkaline and acidulous.
  KIST.  A weight of 14 grains.—Paracelsus. 
KITILLING
20              KRAMERIA
   KITILLTNG, Tickling.
   KITTLING. Tickling.
   KLAPROTHII SULPHAS, Cadmii sulphas.
   KLAPROTUIUM SULPHURICUM, see Cad-
 mii sulphas.
   KLEPTOMA'NIA,  Cleptnma'nia,  Klopema'-
 tiiu, Clirpeuiania; from  KXeirriir,  T steal,'  and
 mania.  Insanity, with an irresistible propensity
 to steal.
   KLINOCEPHALIA, Clinocephalia.
   KLIPDAS. see Hyrax Capensis.
   KLOPEMANTA,  Kleptomania.
   KNAP-KNEED,  see Entogonyancon.
   KNARESBOROUGH, MINERAL WATERS
 OF. see Harrogate, mineral waters of.
   KNEADING, Shampooing.
   KNEE, Genu.
   Knee. Housemaid's.   An inflammation ofthe
 bursa, which  in most individuals is in front of the
 patella, and  is apt  to inflame and  enlarge from
 effusion in those in whom it is subjected to much
 pressure.  Hence its name.  It is a form of cap-
 sular rheumatism.
   KNEE-HOLLY, Ruscus.
   KNEE-JOINT, Genu.
   KNEE  SCAB, Crusta genu equinae—k. Encir-
 cled hoof. Crusta genu equinae.
   KNIFE.   Sax.  cniP.  Swed. Knif.   Dan.
 Rniv.  (F.)  Can if.   Gutter, Smile, Cnltellns, To-
 wel on, Tome'us, 3Iacha'nt, 31 aches'rion, Macha.'-
 ris, (F.) Contain. A cutting instrument, used in
 surgery to divide the soft parts, and which only
 differs  from the bistouri or scalpel in being usu-
 ally larger.
   Tbe most common knives are the following:
   Rnife, Amfuta'tion, (F.) Contain d  amputa-
 tion, C. droit, Culter rectus.  This is the largest
 of the  knives used  in surgery.  Formerly, they
 were curved; now  they  are  straight,  and pro-
 vided with one or two edges.
   Rnife, Cat'aract, Ceratolomits, Kcmtolomus,
 (F.)  Couteait  d cataracte.  The  cataract knives
 of Ricbter, Wenzel,  Ward, and  others, being in-
 tended  to perform the section  of the  transparent
 cornea, are so shaped as to exactly fill the small
 wound  made  by them;  and thus to prevent the
 discharge of  the aqueous humour, until the sec-
 tion is  completed.   The  blade of the knives of
 AVenzel and Ward resembles a very narrow lan-
 cet,  blunt in the posterior five-sixths of one of its
 edges.  The blade of that of  Richter is pyrami-
 dal, cutting through the whole  length of its in-
 ferior edge, and also  blunt in the five-sixths of
 the upper.
   Knife, Ches'elden's.  A knife with  a fixed
 handle; very  convex on its  edge, concave on the
 back, which was  used by  Cheselden in lithotomy.
   Knife, Crooked,  Culter falca'tus,  Culter enr-
 rus, (F.)  Couteau  courbe.   A  knife, which is
 crooked and concave on its cutting edge.  It was
 formerly employed in amputation of the limbs.
   Knife, Crotchet,  Cnltellns uncus, (F.)  Cou-
 teau d crochet. A steel  instrument, composed of
 a round staff,  furnished  with a handle at one  ex-
 tremity, and  at  the other with  a curved knife.
 It was formerly used  to cut to pieces monstrous
 foetuses in utero,  and to open the head when ne-
 cessary.
   Rnife, Double-Edged, Anceps atltel'lus, Am-
 phis'mela,  Am phis'mile,  Catling, (F.) Couteau d
 deux tranchans ou disarticulnteur ou interosseux.
 A  knife, the blade of which is  straight and sharp
 on  both sides.   It  is  used for  disarticulating
 bones; and for cutting the soft parts situate be-
 tween the  bones, in amputation ofthe  leg and
 forearm.
  KNIFE  EN SERPETTE. (F.)  Couteau en
uerpette.  A sort of knife, of the shape of a ser-
pette or pruning-knife, invented  by  Desault for
 dividing the  bony paries  of the maxillary sinus,
 for the purpose of extracting fungi from it.
   Knife, Lentic'ular, Culter Unticuhlris,  (F.)
 Couteau  lenticulaire.  An instrument, used in tho
 operation of trepanning, for removing inequalities
 in the inner  table of the  skull, which may have
 been  left by  the crown of the trephine around
 the opening made by it.  It is formed of a  len-
 ticular button, fixed at the extremity of an  iron
 staff,  which  is convex on one side, flat on  the
 other; sharp  at both edges, and mounted ou an
 ebony handle.
   Knife, Litiiot'omy, (F.) Couteau lithotnme.  A
 name, given  by  Foubert to  a large knife,   the
 narrow  blade of  which, four  and a  half inches
 in length, was sharp in  its  whole  extent,  ami
 made an obtuse angle with the handle.  He used
 it in the lateral operation.
   Knife, Polypus, Polypotome.
   Knife, Root-cutting.  In  Pharmacy, a knife
 moving  on a joint at its pointed extremity, by
 which roots and  other  ligneous  matters  are  di-
 vided in pharmaceutical processes.
   KNIFE'SMAN. see Surgery, salvation.
   KNIT-BACK.  Symphytum.
   KNOBWEED. Collinsonia.
   KNOCK-KNEED, Entogonyancon.
   KNOT, Tubercle.
   Knot, Packer's,  (F.)  ATtrud d'embulleur.  A
 compressive  bandage, used for arresting hemor-
 rhage from the temporal artery or its branches,
 The noeiid d'emballeur  is  made  with a double-
 headed roller, five ells long.   A graduated com-
 press  is  placed over  the  opening in  the  artery,
 and the bandage is applied over it; the balls  of
 the roller being carried  horizontally round to the
 opposite  temple, where they are crossed obliquely
 and carried back  to the  part where the compress
 is situate.  The hands are then changed with the
 rollers, crossing them so  as to form a knot, and
 taking one above the  head;  the other beneath
 the chin.   They are then erossed'again, so as to
 form several knots, one above the  other.  This
 bandage  is  called,  by some  surgeons, solar  or
 oblique chevestre or  copistrnm.
   Knot,  Surgeon's,  Nodus  chirur'gicus,  (F.)
 Nieud du chirurgien.  A  double  knot made  by
 passing  the thread twice through the  same noose.
 This knot  is used frequently  in  the ligature of
arteries, the umbilical cord, <fec.
   KNOTBERRIES, Rubus chumasmorus.
   KNOTGRASS, Polygonum  aviculare.
   KNOTROOT, Collinsonia Canadensis.
   KNOTWEED,  Collinsonia  Canadensis, Poly-
gonum aviculare.
   RNOWLTON'IA  VESICATO'RIA.  Nat.
 Order, Ranunculaceos.  An acrid plant of South
Africa, used by the Cape colonists as a blister in
rheumatism.
   ROINO-MIASMATA, see Miasm.
  ROKUM, Garcinia purpurea — k.  Butter,  see
Garcinia purpurea.
   KOLERUS, a name given  by Paracelsus to a
dry ulcer.
   KOLPORRAPHY, Elytrorrhaphy.
   KOLTO, Plica.
   ROOCHLA TREE, Strychnos nux vomica.
   ROOSSO, Hagenia Abyssinica.
   ROPYOPIA, see  Copyopia.
   RORIS, Cimex.
   KOSSO, Hagenia Abyssinica.
   KOUMIS,  Rumyss.
   ROUSSO, Hagenia Abyssinica.
  RRAME'RIA,  Krameria triarldra, Crarne'ria,
Ratan'hin, Rlnttan'ia,  Rut'unity,  (F.) Ratuuhie,
— Sex. Syst. Tetrandria Monogynia, Nat. Ord.
Polygaleas,—is a native of Java.  The root, A'ro-
me'riu  (Ph. U. S.),  has a bitter taste;  and is 
KREASOTON
521
LABIA CUNNI
astringent,  diuretic,  and  detergent.  Dose,  yj
to o.i-
   Kuame'ria  Ixi'na  or Ratanhy of the Antilles
has similar virtues.
   KREASOTON, Creasote.
   K R E A TIC  N A U S E A, see Nausea.
   KREATINE, Creatine.
   KREATININE. see Creatine.
   KREATOPH \OOUS, Carnivorous.
   KREASOTON. Creasote.
   KRETINISMUS, Cretinism.
   KRIEBELKRANKHEIT,  Convulsio  ce-
realis.
   KRONE, Crown.
   KRYSTALLINE, see Crystalline.
   KUA KAHA, Curcuma longa.
   KUMYSS, Konmyss,  Kournis.   A beverage
used  in families  by the people of  Yakutz.   It
resembles sour buttermilk, without being greasy.
According  to Sir George Simpson, it is prepared
in a very simple way from mare's milk, which is
merely allowed to stand ft»r some days in a lea-
thern churn till it becomes sour.  It is then bot-
tled for use.  This drink is rather nutritious than
exhilarating;  but  from the  same  material  the
Burats and the Kirghez prepare an  intoxicating
spirit in which they indulge  to excess.
   KUSSAUDEK, Convolvulus panduratus.
   KUTKULEJA, Cassulpinia bonducella.
   KUTO0KURUN.IA, Caesalpinia bonducella.
   KUTUBUTH.   An Arabic name  for a species
of melancholy in which the patient is never quiet
nt any one place, but wanders about here and
there, sec  Cuttubuth.  Also, the name of an in-
sect,  which  lives  at  the  surface   of  stagnant
waters, and is in a constant  state of agitation.
 Some  lexicographers imagine that  it  is  on  ac-
 count of this last circumstance, that  the name of
 the insect, has been given to  the disease.
   KWOSO. Hagenia Abyssinica.
   KYAXOSIS. Cyanopathy.
   KYAPUTTY, Caieput.
   KYESTEINE, Kiesteine.
   KY EST  [NIC, Kiestinic.
   KYLLOPODIA, Kyllosis
   KYLLO'SIS, from nvXXos,  'crooked,'  'lame.'
 Ci/llo'sis,   Kyllopod'ia.  Professor Chaussier  so
 calls congenital distortion of the feet,  Clubfoot,
 Poltfoot, Stuinpfoot, (Prov.)  Pummel-foot, Tal-
 ipes, (F.)  Pied bot.   Of this there are  many
 varieties.   In one, the foot, instead of resting on
 the soil, by the whole plantar surface, touches it
 only with the inetatarso-phalnngian articulations.
 It seems as if turned backwards and broken upon
 the leg. (Pes  seu  Talipes Eqnlnns, Hip'popus,
 Oxypatlia, Tip-foot, Horsefoot.)  In other cases
 the foot is  twisted  inwards,  ( Urii-ns,  Talipes
 varus, Blasop'odes, Bla'sopus, Cylloepus, Cyllop'-
 vtln,  Cyllopod'ion, Lo'ripcs, Crossfoot, (F.) Cag-
 neux,) so  that it rests only on the ground on its
  LABARIUM,  from labi, 'to fall.'  Looseness
of tbe teeth.
  LARDACISMUS, Lallation.
  LABIUM EN. Cistus creticus.
  LABDANUM, see  Cistus creticus.
  LABE, from Aa/3u>, Xaudavixt, T  seize, 'I take,'
'the  act of grasping.'   Invasion.   Also,  em-
outer  edge;  or  it may be  twisted  outwards,
( Valgus, Talipes Valgus,  Out-bow-foot.) or rest
only on its inner edge, or on the back part of the
heel,  Talipes calalneus, Heel clubfoot.   In the
flat foot or splayfoot, Duck foot. Splat-foot, S„r'-
apus, Plat'ypus, Platypodia, (F.)  Pied plat, the
plantar surface of the foot is flattened instead of
being concave.
   These deformities are rarely accidental.   They
are almost  always congenital, and  may be rec-
tified,  at an early  period, by  proper mechanical
means to strengthen the foot gradually and re-
store it to its proper shape and direction; and  if
these means fail, the tendons and muscles con-
cerned in the deformity may be divided.
   RYMOGRAPH'ION,   Cymograph'ion;  from
icvpa, 'wave,' and  ypa^m, T describe.'  A  wave
describer or measurer.'   An instrument  invented
by Ludwig, which is self-registering, and exhibits
the relation between the waves of the pulse and
the undulations produced by respiration.
   KYNA,  Pastinaca opoponax.
   KYPHOSIS, see Cyphosis—k.  Inflammatoria,
Vertebral disease — k. Paralytica, Vertebral dis-
ease.
   R Y S T,  Cyst, Kystis, Cystis, from  kvotis,  ' a
bladder,' * pouch.'  (F.)  Kyste.  This term is ge-
nerally applied to a pouch or sac,— Cysto'ma,—■
without opening, and commonly of a membranous
nature, which is accidentally developed in one of
the natural cavities, or in the substance of organs.
Many  theories have been successively emitted  to
explain the  formation of cysts, but none are en-
 tirely  satisfactory.   Some are formed  by a thin,
translucent membrane, having scarcely the thick-
ness of the arachnoid ; others of a whitish, fibro-
cellular  membrane,  more  or less thick.  Some
contain cartilaginous or bony flakes.  The greater
part have but one cavity; others, on the contrary,
have several, separated by  complete or imperfect
 septa,  as is frequently seen  in those  developed  in
 the ovaries.  Tbe matter  contained in cysts  is
 sometimes  limpid, serous,  yellowish white, red-
 dish, and, at others, more or less thick, albumi-
nous, adipous, or caseous.  The tumour, formed
 by them, is called  Encysted.
   KYSTE, Ryst — k.  Anivrysmal, Aneurismal
sac.
   KYSTETN, Kiesteine.
   KYSTHI'TIS, Cysthi'tis, from kvo$os, 'the va-
 gina.'   Inflammation  of the vulva and of the
 mucous membrane of the vagina.
   K YSTIT03IE,  Cystitome.
   RYSTHOPTO'SIS, from kvcSos, 'the vagina,'
and mtrria, ' I fall.'  Prolapsus or inversion of the
 vagina.
   KYTE, Abdomen, Stomach.
   KYTTARRHAG"IA,from Kvrrapwv, 'an alve-
 olus,' and payu, or pnyvvpa,  'I break forth.'  Dia-
I charge of blood  from an alveolus.
ployed to denote the first paroxysm of fevers.—
Galen. Hippocrates.
  LABEO, Chilon.
  LARES, Chilon, Macula.
  LABIA CUNNI,  Lips ofthe vulva—1. Interna
seu Minora, Nymphae — 1. Majora, Lips of  the
vulva, — 1.  Pudendi, Lips of the vulva — 1. Pu-
dendi minora,  Nymphae.
L. 
LABIAL
522
LACERUM
  LABIAL, Labia'lis, from labium, 'a lip.'
  LABIAL, Orbicularis oris.
  Labial Artery.  Haller and Sabatiercall thus
the facial  artery of the majority of  anatomists.
The labial arteries, properly so called, coronary
arteries of the lips, (F.) Coronaires des levres, are
two in  number.   The superior arises  from the
facial, above, and  very close to, the  commissure
of the lips.  It is large and tortuous, and is dis-
tributed to the upper lip.   The lower arises from
the facial, at  a considerable  distance  from the
commissure, and proceeds, in a serpentine course,
into the substance of the lower lip, to which it is
distributed.
  Labial Glands.   This name is given  to a mul-
titude of muciparous follicles, of some size, round.
prominent, and separate from  each other, which
are found on the inner surface of the lips, below
the mucous membrane.
  Labial Veins are  distinguished, like the arte-
ries, into superior and inferior.   They open  into
the facial vein ;—a division ofthe internal jugular.
  LABIALTS, Orbicularis oris.
  LABIDOMETER, Labimeter.
  LABIM'ETER,  (F.) Labi/nitre  ou Labidome-
tre, from  Xa(3tc,  Xa/?i<W,   ' forceps,',  and ixerpov.
'measure.'  A scale  adapted  to  the handles  of
the forceps, which indicates the distance of the
blades from each  other, when applied to the head
of  the child in utero.
  LABIS, Forceps.
  LABIUM. Lip—1. Leporinum, Harelip — 1.
Uteri, Ainpbideuin.
  LABLAB. Dolichos lablab.
  LABORANS, Sick.
  LABORATOIRE, Laboratory.
  LABORATORIUM,  Laboratory —1.   Chymi-
cum seu pharmaceuticum, see Pharmacopoeia,
   LAB'ORATORY,  Lnborato'rium, Ergaste'rion,
(F.) Laboratoire, from laborare,  lahoratum, 'to
work.'  A work-shop.  A place  for preparing
chemical  or pharmaceutical products, &c.
   LABORIOSUS, Sick.
  LABO'RIOUS.  Delivery is  said  to be labo-
rious, Partus labnrio'sns, 3Iogostoc'ia, (F.) Ac-
couchement laborieux, when attended with more
difficulty and suffering than usual.   With some,
laborious labour means one that requires the use
of  instruments.  See Dystocia.
   LABOUR.  Parturition.
   Labour Chair.   Obstelric chair.  A chair, in
which a parturient woman is placed during de-
livery.
   Labour, Complicated,  see  Parturition — 1.
Difficult,  Dystocia—1. Dry,  Partus  siccus — 1.
Forced, see  Parturition — 1.  Impracticable, see
Parturition—1. Morbid, Dystocia.
   Labour Pains, see Pains.
   Labour, Powerless, see Parturition — 1.  Pre-
mature, Parturition, (premature)—1. Preternatu-
ral, Metatocia, see Parturition.
   Labour Show, see Parturition.
   LABRTSULCIUM, Cheilocace, Stomacace.
   LABRUM, Lip —1. Cerebri, Infundibulum  of
the brain.
   LABRUSCA. Bryonia  alba.
   LAB'YRINTII, Labyrinth'us,  Antrum bncci-
no'sum.   A place, full of turnings,  the exit  of
which  is  not easily discoverable.  Anatomists
have given this name to  the  aggregate  of parts,
constituting the  internal  ear, Labyrinth'its auris
in'tima,  In'tima  pars or'gani  audi'tus, Lnby-
rinfh'ie  cavity  of  the ear.  The Labyrinth is
situate  between the tympanum and meatus audi-
torius internus.   It is composed  of several ca-
vities, which communicate with each other in the
dried bone; as the vestibule, cochlea,  semicircular
canals, &c.  It is  lined by periosteum, and also
by a pulpy membrane, constituting the membra-
nous labyrinth, on which the auditory nerve is
regularly dispersed.  This membrane forms two
sacks in the vestibule, called sac'cuius  restib'uli
and  sac'culus,  respectively,  which resemble  in
shape that of the bony cavities containing them.
Each sac contains calcareous matter, constituting
the Otoliths  and Otoconies.   When  the sac  is
laid open, upon the upper and outer part, a  par-
tition appears, partaking ofthe nature of the sac,
and called by Meckel, Septum vestib'uli nervo'so-
membrana' cenm.
  Labyrinth is also applied to the lateral portions
of the ethmoid bone, which  are formed of large
irregular cells.
  Labyrinth, Membranous, see Labyrinth.
  LABYRINTH'IC, Labyrinth'icus,  (F.)  Laby-
rinthique.  Relating or appertaining to tbe laby-
rinth.
  Labyrinthic Cavity of the Ear, Labyrinth.
  LABYRINTHUS, Labyrinth—1. Auris Inti-
mas, see Labyrinth.
  LAC, Lacca,  Laqueus, Milk—1.  Ammoniaci,
Misturaammoniaci—1. Amygdalae, Emulsioamyg-
dalas—1. Asafcetidas, Mistura asafostidas—I. Avis,
Alhuinen  ovi—1. Guaiaci, Mistura Guaiaci.
  Lac. Gum, Lacca,
  Lac Lunas, Marga Candida—1. Maris, Sperm—
1. Pressum,Curd—1. Primum Puerperae,Colostrum.
  Lac, Seed, Lacca — 1. Shell, Lacca — 1. Stick,
Lacca.
  Lac  Sulphuris, Sulphur praseipitatum—1.Ter-
ras. Magnesi.1? carbonas—l.Virginis, Virgin's milk,
  LACAPHTHON.  Supposed to be  the bark
of some fir or other tree.   It entered into the
composition of the Cyphi, used in fumigations—
Paulus of iEgina, Supposed to be the Narcaph'-
thum  or Nascaph'thum.—Ruellius.
  LACCA, from Inknh, Arab. Gummi lacca. Stick,
Gum,  Seed,  or Shell,  lac,  (F.) Lnque, Gniiiine
Luque.  Lac is a substance  formed by an insect,
and  deposited on different species of trees, chiefly
in the  East Indies, for  example, on  Croton  lae-
cif'erum, and two species of Ficus, — Fieus reli-
gio'sa, and  F.  In'dica.   The various kinds, dis-
tinguished in commerce, are stick-lac, which is
the substance in its natural state, investing  the
small  twigs of the tree; and seed-lac, which is
the same broken off.  When melted, it is called
shell-lac.
   Lac was,  at one time,  used in the form of tinc-
ture, as a tonic and astringent;  and it still forms
part of particular dentifrices.
   LACERATION, Lacera'tio, Rhege, Rheg'nnts,
Rhegma, Ruptu'ra, Rupture, from lacerare, laee-
ratum,  'to tear:' — Dilacera'tio, Sparag'ma, (F.)
Arrachement, Dichirement, Diluciration,  Broie-
ment.  The act of tearing or rending.  The breach
made  by tearing  or  rending;  as a  lacerated
wound,  Tresis  vulnus   lucercltum,  Laceratu'ra,
 Vulnus laceratitm.
   LACERATURA, see Laceration.
   LACERTA,  Lizard—1. Aquatica, see Ectozoa.
   LACERTI  CORDIS, Columnas  carneas —1.
Musculorum, see Muscular fibre.
   LACERTOSUS. Muscular.
   LACERTULI CORDIS, Columnas carneas.
   LACERTUS, Brachium, Muscle, see Muscular
fibre.
   LACERUM.  Same etymon  as  Laceration.
Any thing torn, or appearing as if torn.
   Lac"erum  Fora'men Ante'rius,  (F.)  Trnn
dichiri antirieur,  Hiatus sphino-pitreux, (Ch.)
is an irregular opening,  formed by the  sphenoid,
occipital and petrous portion of the temporal bone,
It is closed by  cartilage, and  forms a kind of
fontanelle,  situated at  the termination  of the
petro-occipital suture.
   Lacerum Foramen  Poste'rius, Foramen  /»-
gula're, F. lacerum in  Basi Cra'nii, (F.)  Trot 
LACTIANON
523
LACTIC
 dichiri postirieur, Hiatus occipito-pitreux, (Ch.) I
 is formed by the  occipital  bone, and tbe inferior
 edge of the petrous portion of the temporal bone.
 Through it,  the internal jugular vein, the eighth
 pair of nerves, and accessory nerve pass  out of
 the cranium.
   Lacerum  Foramen   Superius,  Sphenoidal
 fissure.
   LACH'ANON, from Xa^aivto, 'I dig.'   A pot
 herb:  Obis, pi. (Pern, a vegetable used as food.
   LACIIESIS PICT A, see Arrow-poison.
   La.iiesis Rhombea'ta, F/ummon.  A poison-
 ous serpent  common in the lower forests of Peru.
   LACHNANTH'ES  TINCTO'RIA,   Dila'tds
 tincto'ria, Redroot ; indigenous.  Ord. Haemodo-
 raceas, (from Xa\vn, 'wool,' and av$os, 'a flower,'
 owing to its woolly flowers.)  The  root is  as-
 tringent  and tonic.
   LACHRVMA, Tear; see Vitis vinifera.
   LACH'RYMAL, Lacryma'lis,  from  lacryma,
 'a tear.'  Belonging to the tears.  This epithet
 is given  to various parts.
   Lachrymal Apparatus, see Lachrymal Pas-
 sages.
   Lachrymal  Artery proceeds from  the oph-
 thalmic; and distributes its principal branches to
 the luchrymal gland.
   Lachrymal Canal or Duct, N'asnl Canal or
 duet, Canu'lis lacryma'lis seu or'bita nasu'lis seu
 iSVici-i'  lacryma'lis, Ductus ad Nasuni  seu Nustl-
 lis orbita, is formed by  the superior maxillary
 bone, os  unguis, and os turbinatum inferius; and
 is seated in  the outer  paries of the nasal fossae.
 It is lined by a prolongation of the mucous mem-
 brane  of the lachrymal  sac;  and  its  inferior
 orifice is furnished with  a valvular duplicature.
 This duct transmits the  tears,  which have been
 absorbed at the great angle of the  eye by the
 puncta lacrymalia, into the nasal fossas.
   Lachrymal  Caruncle,  see  Caruncula lacry-
 malis.
   Lachrymal Duct, Lachrymal Canal.
   Lachrymal Fossa, Fossa seu Fo'vea lacryma'-
 lis, is a slight depression  at the upper part of the
 orbit, which lodges the lachrymal gland.
   Lachrymal Gland, Glan'dula lacryma'lis seu
 innomina'ta  Gale'ni, is seated in a depression of
 the frontal bone at the upper, anterior, and outer
 part of the  orbit.   It is of about the size  of an
 almond; and of an oval shape, flattened  above
 and below :—its great diameter being the antero-
 posterior. It is composed of several small lobules,
 united by areolar  tissue,  and separated  by it as
 well as by vessels  and nerves which creep in the
 intervals,  This gland has  seven  or eight excre-
 tory ducts, which open behind  the upper eyelid.
 Its i/«e is to  secrete the tears, and pour them on
 the globe of the eye hy the excretory  ducts.
   Lachrymal Groove, (F.) Gouttiere lacrymale,
 U the bony channel, which lodges the lachrymal
 sue.  It  is seated  at the anterior and inner part
 of the  orbit, and is formed  by the os  unguis and
 the ascending process of the upper jaw bone.
   Lachrymal Hernia, Lachrymal Tumour,Her'-
 nin Sued Lacryma'lis, is when the tears enter the
 puncta, but cannot pass to tbe nose, and accumu-
 late.  By Anel, this was called Dropsy ofthe La-
 eryinal sac.
   Lachrymal Nerve is the smallest of the three
 branches formed by the ophthalmic nerve.  It is
 distributed, particularly, to the  lachrymal gland
 and to the upper eyelid.   In its course  it  gives
 off a spheno-maxillary and a malar filament.
  Lachrymal Papilla, see Lachrymal Puncta.
  Lachrymal Passages. Via  lacryma'les, (F.)
 Voies lacrymales.   The organs concerned in the
secretion  of  tears, in spreading  them over the
eye, and taking them up again to transmit them
into the nasal fossae.  The lachrymal passages !
 are composed  of the lachrymal gland, caruncle,
 puncta,  ducts,  lachrymal sac, and  nasal  duct,
 which, together, form the lachrymal appara'tus,
 (F.) Appareil lacrymal.
   Lachrymal Puncta, Puncta Lacryma'lia, Spi-
 ram'ina  Palpebrarum,  (F.)  Points  lacrymuux,
 are two  small,  round, and contractile openings,
 situate in the centre of a tubercle or papilla, Pa-
 pilla  lacryma'lis, Tuber'culum lacryma'le, about
 a line and a half distant from the inner commis-
 sure of the eyelids, and  continuous with  the  la-
 chrymal ducts.  These ducts, Lacryma'les Cana-
 lic'uli, Candles seu Ductus lacryma'les.  Ductus
 lacrymales latera'les seu puncto'rum lacryma'Hum,
 Cor'ntta lacryma'lia seu  Umtlcum, Collic'ia pnuc-
 to'rum lacryma'lium, Canalic'ul'i lima'cum,  (F.)
 Conduits lacrymaux, are two in number—a supe-
 rior  and an  inferior — which extend from the
 puncta to the lachrymal sac.  They seem formed
 by a  very  delicate  prolongation  of the conjunc-
 tiva,  which is continuous with the mucous mem-
 brane of the lachrymal  sac, (F'.) Reservoir des
 larmes :—the Sac-cits seu Sinus  seu Locus lacry-
 ma'lis, Dacryoci/s'tis, Infiundib'ulurri  lacryma'Ic.
   Lachrymal Tubergle, see Lachrymal  puncta.
   Lachrymal Veins  accompany the artery of
 the same name, and open into the ophthalmic and
 palpebral veins.
   LACIIRYMATION,  Lacrymatio — 1.  Sangui-
 neous, Dacryhasmorrhysis.
   LACI'NIA, 'a hem or fringe.'
   LACINL/E TUBARUM FALLOPII, see Tube,
 Fallopian.
   LAC IS, Plexus.
   LA CM US, Lichen roccella.
   Lacmus Tinctorius, Lichen roccella.
   LACONICUM, Vaporarium, see Stove.
   LA CQ, Laqueus.
   LACRIMA, Tear.
   LACRUMA.  Tear.
   LACRYMA, Tear.
   LACRYMALIS, Lachrymal.
   LACRYMATIO,  Lnchryma'tion,   Epiphora.
 Also, a profuse secretion of tears from any cause:
 —weeping, F/etus,  Flora'tio, Flora'tits.
   LACRYMINE. see Tears.
   LACTALBUMEN, Casein.
   LACTANS. Nurse.
   LACTA'RIUM, Lucticin'ium;  from lac, 'milk.'
 Food prepared from milk.   Milk diet or food.
   LACTATE DE FER, Ferri lactas—I. de Qui-
 nine,  Quiniae lactas.
   LACTATION, Lacta'tio, Thela'sis, Thelns'mns,
 from  lacto, lactntum, (lac, 'milk,') T suckle,' 'I
 give milk.'   Suckling :—the giving ofi suck, (F.)
 Allaitement.   The French make four varieties of
 lactation.   1.  Allaitement maternal — 3Internal
 Lactation, when the mother suckles the child.  2.
 A. itranger mercenaire, — when another suckles
 it.  3. A. artificiel, when the child is brought up
 by hand.  4. A. animal, when the child is suckled
 by an animal.
   LACTE, Lactic.
   LACTEAL,  Lactic — 1. Sac,  see Lactiferous
 vessels.
   LACTEALS,  Chyliferous vessels.
   LACTEI N, Milk, solidified.
   LACTENS, Sucking child.
   LACTES, Mesentery,  Pancreas.
   LACTE US, Lactic.
   LACTIC,  Lite'tats,  Galac'ticus,  Galac'tinus,
 lacteal, milky,  (F.) Lacti,  Laiteux, from lac,
 lactis, ' milk.'  Appertaining  to, or resemblint
 milk.
   Lactic Acid, Ac'idum  Lac'teum seu Lactis seu
 Lac'ticum.  Acid of milk, Galac'tic, A'an'ceic  or
 Ca'seic Acid, (F.) Acide Lactiqite. This has been
recommended as a therapeutical agent in  atonic
dyspepsia, owing to its being presumed to  be one 
LACTICA
524
L.EMOSTENOSIS
of tbe gastric acids secreted in health.  It is
given  either in  the  form  of  lemonade or  of
lozenges.   The acid is obtained either from  milk
or from the juice  of the red beet.
  LACTICA.  Tvphoid.
  LACTICANS,  Nurse.
  LACTICINIA, Parotid.
  LACTICINIUM. Lactarium.
  LACTIFER E, Lactiferous.
  LACTIF'EROUS,  Galactopll'orons, Lac'tifier,
(F.) Lactifere, from lac. lactis,  'milk,' and  fero,
' I carry.'   Milk-conveying.
   Lactiferous Vessels, Lactiferous or Galac-
toph'orous Ducts, Tilbnli lactiferi, Ductus  lacti-
feri seu lac'tei, (F.)  Vaisseaiix ou conduits lac-
tiferes, are the excretory ducts  of the mammary
gland, each of which, running towards the nipple,
dilates beneath  the  areola into an elongated
sacculus — the lacteal or galactophorous sac, re-
ceptacle or sinus—snc'cuius seu sinus lactifierus.
   Lactiferous  or Lacteal Swelling.  A  tu-
mefaction  of the breast, supposed by Sir Astley
Cooper to  arise from a large collection of milk in
one of the lactiferous tubes, the result of chronic
inflammation  of  the  tube near the  nipple, with
closure of its aperture, and obliteration of  the
canal  for an inch or more.   The tube requires to
be punctured.
   LACTIF'UGA, Lac'tifiuge,  from  lac,  lactis,
'milk,' and fiugo,  T drive away.'   Medicines
which dispel milk.
   LACTIGO, Porrigo larvalis.
   LACTINE, Sugar  of milk.
   LACTINTA,  from lac,  lactis, 'milk.'   Food
prepared  with milk.
   LACTIPOTOR, Galactopotes.
   LACTIS CONCRETIONES, Infarctus Mam-
 mas lacteus.
   LACTIS REDUNDANTIA, Galactia—1. Re-
 tentio, Galactischesis—1. Sanguinolenti Excretio,
 Galactohaeniia,
   LACTISUGTUM, Antlia lactea.
   LACTIVORUS,  Galactophagous.
   LACTOCELE, Galactocele.
   LACTOLINE, Milk, solidified.
   LACTOMETER, Galactometer.
   LACTOSE, Sugar of milk.
   LACTU'CA, from lac, lactis,  'milk ;' so called,
 from  its  milky juice.  Lactuea Snti'v'a,  Lettuce,
 Garden Lettuce,  Eitnit'chium 31eco'nis,  Thn'dnx,
 Cherbas,  (F.) Laitue ordinaire.  Ord. Compositae,
 is  used as a  wholesome salad.  The seeds pos-
 sess a quantity  of oil, which,  when  formed into
 an emulsion, has been advised in ardor urinae, &c.
   The inspissated juice, Lactuca'rium, Thrid'ace,
 Lettuce opium, resembles, in odour and appear-
 ance,  that of  opium,  and is, like it, narcotic, but
 uncertain.  Dose, gr. j to x, and more.
   Lactuca Elongata, see L. virosa—1. Graveo-
 lens, L. virosa — 1. Floridana,  Mulgedium Flori-
 danum.
   Lactuca  Scari'ola, L.  Sylves'tris,  Scariola,
 (F.)  Lnitue  Scariole ou  Snuvnge,  possesses  a
 stronger degree  of bitterness than L. sativa. It
 lias similar virtues with Z. virosa.
   Lactuca Sylvestris, L. scariola—1. Villosa,
 Mulgedium acuminatum.
   Lactuca Viro'sA, L.grav'eolens, Strong-scented
 Lettuce, (F.)  Laitue  vireuse. The odour of this
 plant, the leaves of which  are used in medicine,
 is stronsrly narcotic, and the taste bitter.  They
 are narcotic, diuretic, and aperient;  and have
 been used in  dropsies.   Lactilca elonga'ta,  Wild
 Lettuce of the United States, has been employed
 for L. virosa,
   LACTUCARTUM, see Lactuca.
   LACTUCIMEN, Aphtbas.
   LACTUCIMINA,  Aphtbas.
   LACTUMEN, Porrigo larvalis.
  LACTUM1NA, Aphtha;.
  LACU'NA,  Caiinlic'iilns, diminutive of lacui,
' a lake or deep ditch.'  A Fokk,, or Ditch.  A,
small cavity in a mucous membrane,  the parietes
of which  secrete  a viscid  humour.  It is used
synonymously with  crypt.   Also, the  external
opening of such cavity.
  Lacuna, Crypta, Fontanella — 1. Cerebri, In-
fundibulum of the brain, Pituitary gland.
  Lacuna seu Sulcus  seu  Sul'culus  La'bii
Superio'ris,  Amab'i/e,  Amalo'rium, Philtrum,
Phile'trum.  The hollow of the  upper lip under
the nose.
  Lacuna Magna, see Urethra.
  Lacunae, see Urethra.
  LacuNjE of Bone.  Certain dark stellate spots,
with thread-like lines radiating from them, seen
under a high magnifying power.   These were at
first believed to be solid osseous or bone corpiiHcles
or cells, Corpus'cula  os'sium,  Corpuscles of Pur-
hinje, (F.) Cellules des os ou osseuscs, Corjntscitlei
des os oil ?)0)Ys ou ramifiis ou  calcaircs, Ostio-
plastes ; but are now regarded as excavations in
the bone—Sac'culi chalicopllori — with minute
tubes or  canaliculi  proceeding  from them, and
communicating with the Haversian canals.  The
lacunas and canaliculi are  fibres concentrated in
the transit of nutrient fluid through  the osseous
tissue.
   Lacuna-: Graafia'nas, L. muco'sa vulva.   The
mucous follicles of the vagina.
   Lacuna:  Mucosas  VulvjE, L. Graafianas — 1.
Palpebrarum,  Meibomius, glands of.
   LACU'NAR, La'quear, 'an arched roof.'  The
roof of a  chamber.  Hence,
   Lacu'nar Or'bitas.  The roof of  the orbit.
   Lacunar Ventriculi Quarti Superior,  Yal-
vula Vieussenii.
   LACUNE DE  LA LANGUE, Cascum fora-
men.
   LACUS LACRYMALIS, Lachrymal sac.
   Lacus  Lacryma'rum.   A  small space in the
inner angle of the eye between the lids, towards
which the tears flow, and at which the triangular
canal formed between the closed lids terminates.
   LADA, Piper nigrum.
   LADANUM. see Cistus creticus.
   LA DEN DO, Influenza.
   LADIES MANTLE, Alchemilla.
   LADIES' SLIPPER, SHOWY, Cypripedium
spectabile — 1. Slipper,  stemless,  Cypripedium
acaule—1. Slipper, yellow, Cypripedium luteum.
   LADIES' SMOCK, Cardamine prastensis.
   LADRE. Leprous.
   LADRERIE (F.), from loelre, ' a  leper.'  (F.)
Liproserie, Maladrerie.   A  vulgar name  for
elephantiasis, or lepra.   Also, an hospital for the
reception of  the  leprous, Leprosa'rium,  Domut
leprosa'ria. Leper hospital.
   LADYBIRD, Coccinella septempunctata.
   LADYBUG, Coccinella septempunctata.
   LADYCOW, Coccinella, septempunctata.
   LADY  CRESPIGNY'S PILLS, see  Pirate
Aloes et Kinae Kinas.
   Lady Hesketh's Pills, see Pilulas Aloes et
Kinae Rinas.
   Lady Webster's Pills, see Pilulas Aloes et
Kinas Rinas.
   LADY'S THUMB, Polygonum persicaria.
   LiEDENS, pi.  Laderltia, from lado,'to hurt.'
Any thing hurtful or injurious, as to the economy.
   L;EM0PARALYTSI3, ffisophagoplegia.
   L.EM OS, Pharynx.
   L M M  0 S C I R ' R H U S, Cancer pharyn'gis el
cesnph'agi, Lamosteno'sis seu  Dysphn'gin srirrho'-
sa; from Xatuoc,  'the  pharynx  or  oesophagus.'
Cancer of the pbarvnx or oesophagus.
   LiEMOSTENOSIS,  Dysphagia  constricta—
1. Scirrhosa, Lasmoscirrhus. 
L-ESIO                  525       LAMINARIA  DIGITATA
  LESIO, Lesion — 1. Continui, see Continuity,
solution of.
  L/ETIFIOANTIA, from  latifico  (latus,  and
fad,,). ' I make glad.'   Medicines  formerly used
as cordials, in depression of spirits, <fcc.
  L.I'.VIGATIO.  Levigation.
  L.EVITAS INTESTINORUM,  Lientery.
  LAGKNTOMUM, Harelip.
  LAGNEA, Coition, Satyriasis, Sperm.
  LAGS'EI A, Coition, Satyriasis, Sperm.
  LAGN'ESIS,  Furor Femininus,  Nymphoma-
nia— 1. Furor maseulinus, Satyriasis — 1. Salaci-
tas. Satyriasis.
   LAGNEUMA, Coition, Sperm.
   LACNIA. Satyriasis.
   LAGNOSIS, Satyriasis.
   LAGOOHEILUS, Harelip.
   LAGONES. Flanks.
   LA( 1ONOPONOS, Pleurodynia.
   LAGONTOMUM, Harelip.
   LAGOPHTHAL'MIA,  from Xayo;, 'a hare,'
and o/'obiA/iof, 'an eye.'   Lagophthnlmns, Leporl-
iikk Oc'ulus. Hare's Eye ; (F.) (Eil de Lievre.  A
vicious arrangement of the  upper eyelid, which
is so  retracted that it cannot cover the globe of
the eye during sleep.  It has been asserted that
this condition of  the eye is  natural in the  hare
when asleep.
   LAGOPHTHALMUS, Lagophthalmia, Geum
urbanum.
   LAGOSTOMA,  Harelip.
   LAG TEETH, Molar teeth.
   LA1CI1E, Sarsaparilla Germaniea — I. des Sa-
 bles, Sarsaparilla  Germaniea.
   LAIT, Milk — I. Adoitcissant, Looch ex ovo —
 I. d'Anesse, Milk, asses' — I. tlAmaudes, Emulsio
 amygdalas — I.  d'Asafietida, Mistura  asafcetidae
 —/. de  Beurre, Buttermilk—/, de Brcbis, Milk,
 ewes' —I.  Cailli,  Curds — /, de  Cliin-c.  Milk,
 gnats' — I. Epanchi, L. ripandit — 1. de Feminc,
 Milk,  human—/.  de Jument, Milk, mares'—I. de
 Pnule, see Ovum.
   LAIT REPANDU.  (F.)  L. ipanchi.  A po-
 pular  expression  in France, under which is com-
 prehended every kind of disease (and particularly
 vague pains) occurring  after delivery ; all being
 ascribed to diffusion or  deposition of milk.
   LAIT DE TERRE, Magnesias Carbonas — /.
 de Vaehe, Milk of  the cow—/.  Virginal,  Virgin's
 milk.
   LAITEUX,  Lactic.
   LAITERON DOUX, Sonchus  oleracens.
   LAITIAT, (F.)  Sour whey, in which different
 wild fruits have been macerated. Said to be much
 used in the Jura as a refreshing drink.
   LAITUE ORDINAIRE. Lettuce—/. Sauvage,
 Lactuea scariola — /. Scadole, Lactuca  scariola
 —I. Vireuse, Lactuca virosa.
    LATTY, Ln'ici; from Xnoj, 'the people.' For-
 merly, and  generally  at  the present day, the
 people as distinguished from  tbe clergy.  Fre-
 quently, however,  employed in  the sense of the
 people as  distinguished from those of the other
 learned professions.  A layman is one of the laity.
    LAKEWEED,  Polygonum hydropiper.
   LALIA, Voice, articulated.
   LALLA'TION, Lnl/a'tio,  Lanibdacis'mus,
 Labdacis'mus,  Lullaby speech.   Sauvages uses
 this term  for a vicious pronunciation, in which
 the letter L is improperly  doubled, or softened,
 or substituted for It.
   LAMAC. Acaci:i» crummi.
   LAMRDACISM US,  Lallation.
   LAMBDOTT), Lambdoid'ul. LarndoVdes, Lamb-
 do'des,  Lainbdo'ideiis, from  tbe Greek letter A,
 Xap&ia, and  cttos.  'shape,'  'resemblance.'  Ana-
 tomists have given the name Lambdoidal Suture,
 Sutu'ra Lambdoida'lis  seu lambdoides seu lamb-
j! do'idca  seu  Prora, to  the  suture', formed by tbe
| parietal bones and the  occipital, because it re-
 sembles the letter  A, lambda, of the Greeks.   It
 is the Occipito-parietal suture, Suture  occipitale,
ij (Ch.)   In  this suture, the ossa Wormiana  are
 most frequently met with ;  and the denticulatious
 are most distinctly  marked.
    LAMBEAU, Flap.
    LAMB1TTVUM, Eclectos.
    LAMBKILL, Kalmia latifolia.
    LAMBKILLER, Andromeda mariana.
    LA3IE, Lamina — /. Cornie, Taenia semicircu-
 laris—/. lliiyschienne, Ruyschiana tunica.
    LAMELLA, Lamina—1. Plana, Planum os.
    LAMEL'LAR, Lamello'sus, Lanlinatcd, (F.)
 Lamelleux,  Lamineux,  composed of thin  laminas
 or leaves — as  the  Lamellar or laminated tissue ;
 i. e. the areolar tissue.
    LAMELLEUX, Lamellar.
    LAMENESS, Claudication.
    LA3IIER, Lamium  album.
    LAM'INA, Lamella,  (F.) Lame.  A thin, flat
 part of  a bone, a plate or table, as the cribriform
 lamina  or plate  of the  ethmoid bone.  Lamina
 and Lamella are generally used synonymously;
 although the latter is properly a diminutive  of
 the former.
    Lamina Ciliaris, Ciliary zone.
    Lam'ina  Ciner'ea.   A thin layer of gray sub-
 stance,  which forms the  anterior part of  the infe-
 rior boundary  of the third ventricle ofthe brain.
    Lam'ina  Cor'nea, Ta'nia Tarlni.   A yellow-
 ish band or a thickening of the lining membrane
 of the  ventricle,  by  which  the vena  corporis
 striati  is overlaid in the lateral ventricle of the
 brain.
    Lamina Cribrosa, Cribriform lamella — 1. Cri-
 brosa ossis ethinoidei, see Cribli — 1.  Fusea, see
  Sclerotic—1. Medullaris  triangularis cerebri, Lyra
 —1. Papyracea, Planum  os—1. Perforata  anterior,
  Locus  perforatus anticus—1. Perforata posterior,
  see Tarini pons.
    Lamina  Peritonei Externa.  The outer  la-
  mina or fold of the peritonaeum.
    Lamina Prima 'Cutis. Epidermis.
    Lamina  Spira'lis,  Septum scala  seu  coch'lea
  andito'ria.  A partition between the scalas  of
  the cochlea.   The  largest part of this,  next the
  modiolus, is formed of bone.   The remainder,  or
  that part next the  opposite side of the  scalae, is
  composed of a cartilaginous membrane, called, by
  Valsalva, Zona sen Zo'nula Coch'lea.  By some
  anatomists,  the  lamina is divided  into a Zona
  os'sea and Z. mollis.   By others, it is  considered
  to consist of four laminae, when examined with a
  strong  glass: a Zona os'sea, next to the modiolus
  — a Zona coria'cea, on  the outer side of this : a
  Zona  vesicula'ris — and a Zona membrana'cen,
  which  is, perhaps, the  lining membrane of the
  cochlea.  At the apex of the  cochlea, the lamina
  spiralis terminates by a  pointed hook-shaped pro
  cess, ham'uhts lam'ina spira'lis.
    Lamina of a Vertebra, see Vertebra.
    Lam'in.u. Dorsa'les, Dorsal  lamina.  Two
  oval masses on each side of the primitive groove
  of the  embryo, which approach so as to form a
  groove, in which are lodged the future brain and
  spinal  marrow.
    Lamina: Spongios.e Nasi, Turbinated bones.
    Lam'in.e Ventra'les,  L.  viscera'les.  Thick-
  ened prolongations of the serous layer ofthe ger-
   minal  membrane, which, by their union, form  the
  anterior wall of the trunk of the new beinir.
    LAMINA'RIA DIGITATA, Tangle.   One  of
  the Algas eaten in Scotland, and hawked about
  the streets with the Pepper-dulse.
    The  leaf of a sea-weed — a species  of Lami-
  naria — is employed in  the Himalayas under the 
LAMINATED
526
LAPIDILLUM
name of goitre leaf; so called because chewed by
the inhabitants, where goitre prevails.
  LAMINATED, Lamellar.
  LAMINEUX, Lamellar.
  LA'MIUM ALBUM, L.folio'sum, Urti'camor'-
tua,  Galeop'sis  Archangelica, Dead  or  White
Arch'angel Nettle, (F.) Ortic blanche  OU  morte,
(S.) Day nettle,  Lamier.  Ord.  Labiatas.   Infu-
sions of  this plant have  been recommended in
uterine hemorrhage, and  leucorrhoea.  It is not
used.
   La'mium Amplexicau'le, Dead Nettle, Henbit;
naturalized;  flowering from  May to October; is
regarded as tonic, diaphoretic, and laxative.
   Lamium Foliosum,  L.  album — 1. Montanum,
Melittis raelissophyllum—I. Plinii, Melittis melis-
sophyllum—1. Rubrum, Galeopsis.
   LAMOTTE, MINERAL WATERS OF. These
thermal  springs are in the department of Isere,
France.   Temperature, 184°.
   LA3IPOURDE, Nanthium.
   LAMPROPHO'NUS, from Xauvpos, 'clear,'and
tfruiw, ' voice.'  One who has a clear voice.
   LAMPSANA, Lapsana.
   LAMPYRIS NOCTILUCA. Cicindela.
   LANA PHILOSOPHORUM, Zinci oxydum.
   LANARIA, Saponaria, Verbascum nigrum.
   LANCE DE 31A URICE A U, (F.)  An instru-
 ment invented by Mauriceau for perforating the
 head of  the foetus.   A perforator.
   LANCELET, Lancet.
   LANCEOLA, Lancet.
   LANCET,  Lance'ola, Lancet'ta, Schaste'rion,
 Scalpum chirur'gicum, Lance'let,  (Prov.) Fame,
 (F.) Lanc.ette, — diminutive  of lancea, 'a lance.'
 A surgical instrument, used  in the operation of
 phlebotomy.   It is composed of two parts, the
 handle,  (F.)  Chasse,  and the blade, (F.) Lame.
 The former is made of two  small plates of ivory,
 bone, or shell, movable  on  the blade for whose
 preservation  they are intended.   The blade  is
 formed of well-polished steel.  Lancets are  made
 of different shapes ; some being broad-shouldered
 — others, spear-pointed.   The  French  distin-
 guished three  kinds :  1.  Laneette & grain d'orge,
 which, on account of the almost oval shape  of its
 point, makes a large opening.   2.  The L. it lan-
 gue de serpent, which is very narrow towards the
 point; and,  3. L. d grain d'avoine, which  holds a
 medium station between the two former, and  is
 generally preferred.
    The Abscess Lancet is merely a large lancet for
 the purpose of opening abscesses.
    The employment of a lancet, for opening ab-
 scesses, &c, is called  Lancing.
    LANCETTA. Lancet.
    LANCETTE, Lancet.
    LANCETTIER, (F.)  A lancet-case.
    LANCINANT, Lancinating.
    LAN'CINATING, Lan'ciiians, from lancinare,
 lancinatum,  (lancea,  ' a  lance,'),  ' to  strike  or
 thrust  through.'   (F.)  Lancinant, (substantive,
 Elancement.)   A species of pain, which consists
 in lancinations or shootings, similar to those that
 would be produced by the introduction of a sharp
 instrument into the  suffering part.   It is  espe-
 cially in cancer that this kind of pain is felt.
    LANCING,  see  Lancet—1.  the  Gums, JDi-
 chniissement.
    LAND'S  END, CLIMATE OF.   The climate
 of the Land's  End,  in  England, resembles that
 of the south of Devonshire,  but is more relaxing.
 It is considered to be most likely to  prove bene-
 ficial in consumptive  cases,  in which the disease
 is accompanied by an irritated  state of the pul-
 monary  mucous  membrane, producing a dry
 cough.  Where  the  system is  relaxed, and the
 secretion from the lungs considerable, the climate,
 it is conceived, will  generally prove injurious.
As a brumal retreat, the southern coast  of De-
vonshire would seem to be preferable to it,
  LANGEAC, MINERAL WATERS OF.  Aci-
dulous,  mineral waters  at  Langeae, in  the  de-
partment of Huute-Loire, France.   They nro em-
ployed  as  refrigerant,  aperient,  and  diuretic.
They  contain  carbonic acid,  carbonates of soda
and magnesia, nnd a little iron.
  LANGDEBEF, Anchusa. officinialis.
  LANGENSCIIWALBACH, Schwalbach.
  LAN'GII  AQUA EPILEP'TICA, Epilep'tic
 Water  ofi Langins, formerly  employed against
epilepsy.   It was composed of the flowers of co»-
vallan'a and lavender, Spanish wine, cinnamon,
nutmeg, mistletoe, peony and  dittany roots, long
pepper, cubebs, and  rosemary flowers.
  LANGUE,  Tongue — /. Abaisseur de la, Glos-
socatochus — /. de Carpe, Fish-tongue, see  Lever
— /. de Cerfi,  Asplenium  scoloperindum — 1. de
 Cheval, Ruscus hypoglossum—/. de  Chien, Oyno-
glossum—/. de Serpent, Ophioglossum vulgatura.
  LANGUEUR, Languor.
  LANGUOR, Apllesis, Faintness, (F.) Langiieur.
A species  of atony,  depression, or  debility, which
generally comes on slowly.
  LANGWORT, Veratrum album.
  LANK, Inguen.
  LANTANA, Sage Tree, Blueberry, (F.) Cail.
lean.   The leaves of this indigenous plant form
a fine-scented  tea,  like  L.  Comoro or Bahama
 Tea, and L. Pseudothe'a or Brazil Tea.  The tea
is used  as a diaphoretic.
  LANU'GO, Pilicutis, Pluma, from lana, 'wool.'
 The soft,  fine  hair on different parts of the body,
 especially of the young.
  Lanugo  Prima, Geneias — 1.  Pudendorum,
 Pubes—1. Siliquas hirsutas, see Dolichos pruriens.
  LANUVIUM, Vulva.
  LAONTCA CURATIO seu CURA, from Xaou
 'the people.'   A popular mode of  treating the
 gout in the middle  ages, which consisted in  the
 employment  of  local  applications, proper  for
 evacuating the morbific matter. [?]
  LAOS,  Tin.
  LAPACTICUS, Cathartic,  Laxative.
  LAPARA,  Abdomen, Flanks, Lutnbi.
  LAPARENTEROTOMIA, Laparo enterotomy.
  LAPAROCE'LE, from  Xanapn,  'the  lumbar
 region,' and  <c?/Aij, 'rupture.'  Lumbar  Hernia,
 through a separation of the fibres of tbe quadra-
 tus lumborum, and a protrusion  of the aponeu-
 rosis of the transverse muscle on the outside of
 the mass  common to the sacro-lumbalis and lon-
 gissimus  dorsi.—Cloquet.
   LAPAROCYSTOTOMIA,  see Lithotomy.
   LAPARO-ELYTROTOMIA, Cassarean section.
   LAPARO-ENTEROT'OMY,  Lap'an, - entenr-
 tom'ia, Laparenterotom'ia, from Xavapa, ' the lum-
 bar region,' the 'abdomen,'  ivrepov, 'intestine,'
 and to/iij,  'incision.'  The operation of opening
 the abdomen  and intestinal canal, for the removal
 of  disease.
   LAPAROSCOPIA, Abdominoscopia,
   LAPAROTOMY. Gastrotomy,especially when
 executed  in the lumbar region.  See Gastrotomy.
   LAPATHOS, Rumex acutus —1. Aquaticum,
 Rumex hydrolapathum — 1.  Chinense, Rheum —
 1.  Orientale,  Rheum—1.  Sanguineum,  Rumex
 sanguineus — 1. Unctuosiim,  Chenopodium bonus
 Henricus.
   LAPATHUM, Rumex acutus—1. Acutum, Ru-
 mex  acutus — 1. Hortense, Rumex  patienlia — 1.
 Pratense, Rumex acetosus—1. Scutatum, Rumex
 scutatus—1.  Sylvestre, Rumez acutus, K. obtu-
 sifolius.
   LAPAXIS, Evacuation.
   LAPE, Mucus.
   LAPIDIL'LUM, from lapis,' a stone.' Blasitu 
LAPILLATIO              527              LARYNGEAL
has given  this name to a kind of scoop, used for
extracting stone from the bladder.
  LAPILLATIO, Lithia.
  LAPILLI  GLANDULE PINEALIS, see Pi-
neal gland.
  LAPIL'LUS, diminutive of lapis, 'a stone.' A
Binall stone;  gravel; a grain of  sand.
  LAPIS,  Calculus—1. Accipitrutn, Ilieracites
— 1. Actosus, Calamina — 1. Ainmoniaci, see Am-
moniac gum—1. Animalis, Blood — 1. Armenius,
Melochites—1. Aureus, Urine—1. Bezoardicus,
Bezoar — 1. Caeruleus, Cupri sulphas — 1. Calami-
naris,  Calamina — 1.  Carneolus,  Cornelian — 1.
I'austicus,  Potassa cum calce, Potassa fusa — 1.
Collymus, ^Itites — 1. Contrayervas, Pulvis con-
trayervas compositus — 1. Cyanus, L. lazuli.
   Lapis Divi'nus, L. Ophthalmicus seu Ophthal-
micus  Sti. Ivesii. Cuprum alumina'turn, (F.) Pier-
re divine, (Cuprisulphat., Alnmin., Potass, nitrat.
aa 5J.  Melt together,  adding at the end Cam-
phor.  £jss.)   Employed to make an eye-water,
gij  ad aqua  ^iv.
   Lapis Fulmineus, Ceraunion—1. Hematites,
Haematites—1. Heracleus,  Magnet—1. Infernalis,
Argenti nitras — 1. Infernalis alkalinus,  Potassa
fusa — 1. Infernalis  sive  septicus, Potassa cum
calce—1. Judaicus, Judasus (lapis).
   Lapis Lazu'li, L. Cy'anus, Asulci, Laz'ulite.
 (F.) Pierre  d'aznr,  Outremer.   A stone,  of a
beautiful blue colour; opake;  and close-grained;
 fracture, dull.  It is composed of silex ; alumina;
 carbonate and sulphate of lime;  oxide  of iron,
 and water.   It  was  formerly looked upon as a
 purgative and emetic, and  given in epilepsy.
   Lapis Malucensis,  Bezoard of the  Indian
 porcupine — 1. Nauticus, Magnet — 1. Ophthalmi-
 cus, L. Divinus — 1. Ophthalmicus St. Ivesii, L.
 Divinus — 1.  Phcenicites, Judasus (lapis) — 1. Por-
 cinus, Bezoard ofthe Indian porcupine—1. Pru-
 nellas, Potassas nitras  fusus sulphatis paucillo
 mixtus — 1.  Sardius,  Cornelian — 1. Septicus,
 Causticum commune, Potassa fusa—1. Speeula-
 ris, S. lucidum — 1. Syderitis, Magnet — 1. Syri-
 acus, Judasus (lapis) — 1. Vini, Potassas supertar-
 tras impurus.
   LAPPA, Arctium lappa, Galium aparine, Lip-
 pitudo— 1. Minor, Xanthium.
   LAPPULA HEPATICA, Agrimony.
   LAP'SANA,  Lamp'sana,  A'a'pium, Papilla'-
 ris  herba, Dock-cresses, Nipple-Wort, (Se.) Bol-
 gan leaves, (F.)  Lampsane, Herbe  aux 3liimel!es.
 This  plant  is a lactescent bitter.   It has been
 chiefly employed, however, as an external appli-
 cation to sore nipples, &c.
   LAPSUS PILORUM, Alopecia.
   LA (J. Laqueus.
   LAQUE, Lacca.
   LAQUEAR, Lacunar.
   La'quear Vagi'NjE, Fundus Vagina (laquear,
 'the inward  roof of  a house').   The part of the
 vagina in which the  cervix uteri terminates.
   LA'QUEUS, Funis.   A  cord,  ligature or ban-
 dage,  with running  knots;—a. Noose, a loop.  A
 fillet, Brochos, Pnclletos, (F.) Lac. Laq OU Lacq.
 The term is applied to a bandage or fillet  of any
 kind,  attached  by means  of a  loop  upon  any
 part,  with the view of fixing it;  as  in  certain
 cases  of labour, where a hand or  foot presents;
 or to  facilitate extension  in  luxations and frac-
 tures.
   Also: — A  prominent band  in  the brain. Lem-
m's'ats, behind  the  brachium  posterius  of the
corpora quadrigemina, which marks the  course
ofthe superior division of the fasciculus olivaris.
   Laqueus  Gut'turis, 'Noose  of the  throat,'
Violent inflammation ofthe tonsils, in  which the
patient appears as if suffocated by a noose.  Ac-
cording to some, gangrenous cynanche.
  LARCH, Pinus larix.
  LARD, Adeps.
  LARPACE, Lardaceous.
  LARDA'CEOUS, Larda'ceus, Lor'ileus, Lnrd'-
ifiorm,  Lardifior'mis, (F.) Lardaci ; from Ionium,
'lard,' the fat  of  bacon.  An epithet given  to
certain organic alterations in  the textures, whose
aspect and consistence resemble lard. (F.) Tissue
lardacis.  They constitute what has been termed
the Larda'ceotts or Choiesterine Disease.  From
their waxy appearance the pathological condition
has been called Cero'ma.
  LARDEUS, Lardaceous.
  LARDIFORM,  Lardaceous.
  LARDUM, Adeps.
  LARGE,  Broad.
  LARIDUM,  Adeps.
  LARIX,  Pinus larix — 1.  Communis, Pinus
larix — 1. Decidua, Pinus larix—1. Europaea, Pi-
nus larix—1. Pyramidalis, Pinus larix.
  LARKSPUR, BRANCHING, Delphinium con-
solida,
  LA It 31E, Tear.
  LAR3I01E31ENT, Epiphora.
  LAROCHE  POSAY, MINERAL  WATERS
OF.   Simple suphurous waters in  the depart-
ment of Vienne, France.
  LAR'REA MEXICA'NA.Z. glntino'sum, Cre'-
asote plant.  Order,  Zygophyllaeeas.  A shrub,
growing in Arkansas,  Southern Texas, New Mexi-
co,  and Northern Mexico, which  abounds  in  a
strong-scented  resinous matter; and is used, ex-
ternally and internally, in rheumatism, and  in
syphilitic, and other pains.
  LARVA,  Mask.  Also the /nrr?;c, grub, or ver-
miform condition of an insect: the first change
it experiences  after leaving  the ovum.  Larves
of insects are occasionally developed in the in-
testinal canal from ova  swallowed.  See Ectozoa.
  LARVE. Mask.
  LARVE, Masked.
  LARYNGK,  Laryngeal.
  LARYNGE'AL, Larynge'rts,  (F.)  Laryngi,
Laryngien.   Same etymon  as Larynx.  That
which belongs to the  larynx.
  Laryngeal Arteries are given off from the
thyroid arteries.
  Laryngeal  Nerves,  (F.) ATerfs  Laryngis,
are two in number;—a superior and an inferior.
Tbe superior laryngeal nerve is given off from
the trunk  of the  pneumogastric, at  the upper
and deep part of the neck.  It passes downwards
and inwards, behind  the internal carotid artery,
and divides into  two  secondary branches; the
one, external, which  distributes its filaments, on
the outside  of the larynx,  to the  sterno-thyroid,
hyo-thyroid, constrictor  inferior,  crico-thyroid
muscles, <fec.   The other, the internal, which
crosses the  thyro-hyoid membrane,  and gives
filaments  to the  epiglottis,  the  mucous mem-
branes of the pharynx  and larynx, to  the aryte-
noid gland, the arytenoid and crico-thyroid mus-
cles, and ultimately anastomoses with the inferior
laryngeal nerve.   The  inferior laryngeal nerves
or recur'rents, Nerri  rererslvi, Rameaux   Tra-
chiaux  (Chans.,) arise  from   the  trunk of the
pneumogastric within  the thorax.   They ascend
in the  furrow, which separates  the  trachea from
the oesophagus, to be  distributed  on  the neck,
after having been reflected ;—the left around the
arch of the  aorta: the  right, around the corre-
sponding subclavian.    They send  off filaments
to the cardiac  plexuses; to  the parietes of the
oesophagus,  and trachea; to  the thyroid gland ;
to the inferior  constrictor of  the  pharynx; the
posterior and lateral  crico-arytenoid and thyro-
arytenoid muscles : and  to the mucous membrane
ofthe pharynx  and larynx.
  Laryngeal Phthisis, Phthisis, laryngeal. 
LARYNGECHE
52 8
LARYNX
  Laryngeal Pouches. Small culs-de-sac, which
lead from the  anterior part of each ventricle of
the larynx upwards, for the space of half an inch,
between the superior ligaments on the inner side,
and the thyroid cartilage on the outer, reaching
as high  as the  upper border of that cartilage at
the sides of the epiglottis. Numerous small glands
open into them.
   Laryngeal Sound, Laryngeche.
   Laryngeal Veins open into the internal jugu-
lar.  Winslow gives the name laryngeal to  the
superior thyroid artery.
   Laryngeal Voice, see Voice.
   LARYNGE'CIIE, from larynx, and  nx<l, or
nyos, 'sound.'   The laryngeal sound heard by the
stethoscope during breathing and speaking.
   LARYNGEMPHRAX'IS, from larynx, and
tutppa£,ts, ' obstruction.'   Obstruction of the larynx
from any cause.
   LAR YNG1EN, Laryngeal.
   LARYNGISMUS,  from  larynx.   Spasm  of
 glottis, giving occasion to contraction or closure
 of the opening.
   LARYNGISMUS STRIDULUS, Asthma thy-
 micum.
   LAR YNGITE, Laryngitis—/. 3fuqueuse,  La-
 ryngitis (simple)—/. (Edimateuse, ffidema of tbe
 glottis—/. (Edimateuse et siro-purulente, GSdema
 ofthe  glottis—I. avec  Production   de  Fausses
 membranes, Cynanche trachealis—/. Pseudo-mem-
 braneuse, Cynanehe trachealis—/. avec  Sicrition
 de  Pus,  Phthisis laryngea — /.  Sus-glottique,
 GLdema of  the glottis—/. Striduleuse, Asthma
 thymicum — /. Sous-muqiteuse,  (Edema  of the
 glottis.
    LARYNGITIS, from larynx, and  itis, a suffix
 denoting inflammation ; Infiamma'tio Laryn'gis,
  Cynanche seu Angina  larynge'a,  (F.) Laryngite,
  Catarrhe laryngien, Angine laryngi, Infiamma-
 tion of the  Larynx.   This disease, in some mea-
 sure, resembles croup; but is usually devoid of
 that peculiar sonorous inspiration, which attends
 the latter.   There is,  also, pain upon  pressing
 the larynx; and, whilst laryngitis is  a disease of
 more advanced life, croup attacks children.  The
 membraniforin exudation is, also, absent;  pro-
 bably,  because the inflammation, being  seated
  above the glottis, the coa.gulable  lymph is readily
  expectorated.  It requires  the most  active treat-
  ment.
    Simple Laryngitis  is  called by some  mucous
  Laryngitis, Laryngitis acu'ta seu muco'sa acuta,
  (F.)  Laryngite ■muqueusc, to distinguish it  from
  submucous Laryngitis  or G3dema of the glottis.
     Chronic Laryngitis  is generally  regarded  as
  synonymous with laryngeal phthisis; but it may
  exist independently.
     Laryngitis Acuta,  Laryngitis — 1. Chronic.
  see Phthisis Laryngea—1. Exsudativa,  Cynanche
  trachealis—1. Membranacea, Cynanche trachealis
  —1. Mucosa acuta, Laryngitis—1. Mucous, Laryn-
  gitis (simple)—1. ffidematous, ffidema of the glot-
  tis—1. Polyposa, Cynanche trachealis—1. Seropu-
  rulenta, Oidema of the glottis—1. Submucous,
  GUdema of  the glottis — 1. et Tracheitis chronica,
  see Phthisis  laryngea—1. et Tracheitis  infantilis,
  Cynanche trachealis.
     LARYNGOCACE,  Cynanche  trachealis.
     LARYNGO-CATAR'RHUS, Catavrhus Laryn-
  geus et trachea'lis.  Catarrh affecting the larynx
  and trachea more especially, as  indicated by al-
  teration of the voice —hoarseness — itching and
  sensation of burning in those parts ; short cough
  and expectoration, <fec.
     L A R Y N G 0 - E T-T R A C H E O-PHTHISIS,
  Phthisis laryngea,
     LARYN(i0G'RAPUYT,Zar?/??/7O(7rr('^A?'a; from
  larynx, and ypatpn, 'a description.'   An anatomi-
  cal description of the larynx.
  LARYNGOL'OGY,  from  larynx,  and Xoyos,
'treatise.'  A treatise on the larynx.
  LARYNGOPARALYSIS, see Aphonia.
  LARYNGOPII'ONY,  Laryngopho'nia,  Tra-
cheoph'ony,  Larynge'al  voice,  Traehenl voice ,-
from larynx, and tjiurvri, ' voice.'  The sound heard
in health, when tbe  stethoscope is placed over
the larynx or trachea at the time a person speaks.
The voice appears to  pass  immediately up to the
ear of the  auscultator.  A  similar  physical sign
exists  when there is  a cavity in tbe lungs, and
the instrument is placed over it whilst tbe patient
speaks.  See Pectoriloquy.
  LARYNG0PHTH1SIS, Phthisis laryngea.
  LARYNGOSPASMUS,  Asthma thymicum.
  LARYNGOSTASIS, Cynanehe trachealis.
  LARYNGOSTENO'SIS,  from  larynx,  and
trreviotm, ' contraction.'  Contraction  or narrow-
ness ofthe larynx.
  L ARYNGOT'OMY,   Laryngotom'ia,  from
larynx, and rtpveiv, 'to  cut.' A surgical opera-
tion, which consists in opening the larynx, either
to extract a foreign  body, or to remedy an ob-
struction of the glottis.  The operation is, some-
times, erroneously called Bronchotomy, and Tra-
chetottty.
   LARYNGO-TRACHEITIS, Cynanche tra-
chealis— 1. Tracheitis with Diphtheritic exuda-
tion. Cynanche trachealis.
   LAR'YNX,(gen.Z«ry)?,r//8,) Xapvy^,Xapvyyoi,Ca-
put seu Oper'culnm seu Inil'iuin seu Finis supe'-
rior seu Ter'minus superior seu  Pais prima fm'-
 pera  arte'ria.  The apparatus of voice is situate
 at the superior and anterior part  of the neck; and
 at the top ofthe trachea, with which it communi-
 cates.  It is  composed  of four cartilages, — the
 thyroid, cricoid, and two  arytenoid ;  is moved
 by a number  of muscles, and lined by a mucous
 membrane, having   certain membranous reflec-
 tions, constituting the superior  ligaments of tit*
 glottis, &o.

         Parts  composing  the  Larynx.
                       f Thyroid.
,  „   .,               I Cricoid.
1.  Cartilages...............j TwQ a,vtcnoi(i
                        Epiglottis.
                       ' Sterno-thyroid.
                        Constrictors of  the
             Extrinsic, -{    pharynx.
                        All  the  muscles of
                           the hyoid region.
                        Crico-lhyoid.
                        Crico-arytenoid, pos-
                           terior.
             Intrinsic, -j Cryco-arytcnoid, la-
                       |    feral.
                       I Tbyro-arytenoid.
                       [Arytenoid.
 3. 3fuscous 31embrane.
                       ("Epiglottic.
 4. Glands................... \ Arytenoid,
                       ( Thyroid.
2. 3Ivscles. ■
5. 3Iembranes.

6. Ligaments...
f Thyro-hyoid.
{ Crico-thyroid.
f Crico-arytenoid.
{ Thyro-arytenoid.
  The vessels and nerves of the larynx are called
Laryngeal.
  The'larynx  is destined to give pas-age  to the
air, in the act of respiration, and to impress up»n
it certain modifications, which constitute voire
Its  dimensions vary in different individuals.  In
men,  it is always larger, and situate lower, than
in  women.
  Larynx,  Pellicular or Plastic Inflamba-
tion of the, Cynanche  trachealis. 
LASANUM               52
  LAR'ANUM, Sella  familiar'ica,  (F.)  Chaise
t ereec.  A close stool.
  LASCIYIA, Satyriasis.
  LASCTVITAS, Satyriasis.
  LASOIVUS, Libidinous.
  LASER, Laserpitium — I. d Larges feuilles,
Laserpitium latifolium.
  LASERPIT"IUM,  Laser, Sil'phittm, onus ctX-
fiov.  A term applied, anciently, both t*  a plant
and its  juice, regarding the  nature of neither of
which we  possess any  precise information.  Bent-
ley, Laurence, Geoffroi, Ac, regard it to have
been  the  same as asafoetida: — Theophrastus,
 Dioscorides, and the ancient scholiast of  Aristo-
 phanes, however, by assigning a sweet and agree-
 able flavour to  the laserpitium, discountenance
 the idea.  From whatever plant obtained, it was
 so rare, and  consequently so  costly, that the
 Romans deposited it in  the public treasury.   It
 was obtained from  Cyrene—Suceus Gyrena'icus—
 and likewise  from Persia — tho latter being the
 most  valuable.  The  Laserpitium  is called by
 Avicenna, Altihit.
   Laserpitium Asperum,  L. latifolium.
   Laserpitium  Latifo'lium, Z. as'pentm, Gen-
 tia'na alba, White Gentian, Cerva'via alba ; (F.)
 Laser it larges feuilles.  The root  of this plant is
 bitter'and tonic.
   Laserpitium Montanum, L. siler.
   Laserpitium  Siler, L.  trifolia'turn seu mon-
 ta'num, Ses'cli, Seselis, Siler monta'num seu lan-
 cifo'lium,  Heart-wort, Serrnountain.   The seeds
 and roots  are possessed of aromatic properties.
   Laserpitium Trifoliatum, L. siler.
   LASSITUDE OCULAIRE, Copyopia.
   LASSITUDO, Copos.
   LAST,  Inguen.
   LATENS  IN  ORE, Pterygoideus internus.
   LATENT,  Latent,  from  latere,  'to lie hid.'
 'Lying hid,''concealed.'   An epithet applied  to
 certain diseases or  states of disease,  in which the
 symptoms are so  concealed and  obscure, morbi
 occnl'ti, as to escape the observation of the phy-
 sician.  Thus,  we say latent inflammation, latent
 period of  small-pox.
   LAT'ERAD, from latus, latcris, 'the side.'   A
 term used adverbially by Dr. Barclay to  signify
 'towards the lateral aspect.'
   LATERAL  ASPECT, see Mesial.
   LATF,\{IT"[OUS,Laterit"ius,Lateric"ius,(F.)
 Briqneti, from later, lateris, 'a brick.'  An epi-
 thet applied to the brick-like sediment, occasion-
 ally  deposited in  tbe urine  of people  afflicted
 with fever: Sedimen'tum urlna lateric"ium; —
 (F.)  Urine briqneti.
   LATl)ROFLEX'lOS,Lnt'erofiex'io. A bend-
 ing to one side,—as of the uterus.
   LATERO- V E11S10 N, Lalero-ver'sio.  A
 turning or version to one side,—as of the uterus.
   LATESCENTIS CHORDS (Musculus), Pal-
 Caaris longus.
   LATEX NIVEUS,  Milk.
   LATIIVRIS, Euphorbia lathyris.
   LATIB'ULUM,  from late,,, 'I  lie hid.'  The
 foyer of a febrile poison ;  whence it spreads to
 every part to induce a paroxysm.  See Clnpier.
   LATTCA.  Same etymon.  Amphimer'ina lal-
ica of Sauvages.  A species of quotidian  remit-
tent, whose paroxysms are  very long, and which
is accompanied with latent or slightly developed
fever,  whence its name.
  LATICES LACTEI, Reeeptaculum chyli.-
  LATISSIMUS COLLI, Platysuia myoides.
  Latis'simus   Dorsi,  (superlative  of  latus,
'broad.') Aniscalp'tor, Brachium movens quartus,
(F.) Lombo-humii al (Ch.), Dorsi-lombo-sacro-hii-
miral. Muscle grand dorsal, 31. trls large du dos.
A fiat muscle; broad, especially below; thin ; quad-
rilateral ; and situate at the  posterior, lateral, and
9               LAUROSE
inferior region of the trunk.  It is attached to
the posterior half of the  outer lip of the crest of
the ilium ; to the posterior surface of the sacrum ;
to the  spinous  processes of the  six or seven last
dorsal  vertebrae, to all those of  the loins, and to
the last four false ribs, and  is inserted by a strong
tendon at the  posterior edge  of the  bicipital
groove of the  humerus.  Its  upper  fibres are
almost horizontal;  the  middle  very long  and
oblique upwards and outwards;  and the anterior
almost vertical.  This  muscle  carries the  arm
backwards,  depressing it, and making it turn on
its axis.  It also draws backwards  and down-
wards  the prominence  of  the shoulder.  When,
suspended by  an arm, we make  an effort to raise
ourselves, it draws  the trunk towards the  arm.
It can, also, raise the ribs  by assuming  its  fixed
point on the humerus, and  become an inspiratory
muscle.
   LATITUDO  HUMERI, Scapula.
   LATTICE WORK, Cancelli.
   LATUS, Broad—1. Ani,  Levator ani.
   LAU, see Spirit.
   LAUCA'NIA, Leuca'nia, Lmlchane.   The
fauces  and  oesophagus.  Also,  the chin.— Gor-
rasus.
   LAUCHANE, Laucania.
   LAUD'ANUM  or LAUDA'NUM.   Perhaps.
from laus, laudis,  'praise;' lauda'tnm, 'praised.'
Every  preparation of opium, solid or liquid, but
more particularly the extract and  tincture,  and
especially the latter.
   Laudanum Abba'tis Rousseau, Gutta Abbatis
Rousseau, Vinum opia'tttm fiermcntatio'ne para'-
turn, Abbe Rousseau's Drops.  (3Iel. Narbounens.,
t^xij;  aqua calida, Oiij.  Set in a warm place,
and, as soon as the mixture ferments, add opium,
t^iv, dissolved in  water, 1'3-xij.   Let  it ferment
for a month, and evaporate to f.^x:  strain,  and
add rectified spirit of wine, f^ivss.
   Laudanum,  Ford's, Vinum  opii — 1. Liquid,
Tinctura opii — 1. Liquidum Iloffmanni, Vinum
opii — 1. Liquidum Sydenhami,  Vinum  opii — 1.
Opiatum, Extractum opii—1. Simplex, Extractum
opii—1. Sydenham's, Vinum opii.
   LAUGH,  Risus—1. Sardonic, Canine laugh.
   LAUGHING, Risus.
   LAUGHTER, Risus.
   LAUREL, Kalmia latifolia, Magnolia maero-
phylla— 1.  Broad-leaved,  Kalmia latifolia — 1.
Cherry, Prunus lauro-cerasus—1. Common,  Pru-
nus lauro-cerasus—1. Dwarf, Kalmia angustifolia
—1. Great, Rhododendron maximum—1.  Ground,
Epigasa repens — 1.  Mountain, Kalmia  latifolia,
Rhododendron — 1.  Narrow-leaved,  Kalmia  an-
gustifolia— 1.  Pale,  Kalmia  glauca — 1. Poison,
Prunus lauro-cerasus — 1. Rose, Kalmia latifolia
—1. Sheep, Kalmia angustifolia—1. Swamp,  Kal-
mia glauca — 1. Sweet, Illicium  Floridanum — 1.
Water, see Prunus lauro-cerasus—1. White, Mag-
nolia glauca.
   LAURENT, SAINT,  MINERAL  WATERS
OF. A thermal spring, five leagues from Joyeuse
in France.   Temp. 127°  Fahr.
   LAUREN'TIA  PINNATIF'IDA,  Pepper-
dulse.   One  of the Algae, eaten in Scotland,  and
hawked about  the streets  of Edinburgh along
with Lamina'ria digita'ta or Tangle.
   LAUREOLA, Daphne laureola.
   LAURIER,  Laurus — /. Alexandria. Buscus
hypoglossum—/. Amandier; Prunus lauro-cerasus
—/. d'Ajiollon,  Laurus—/.  Cerise, Prunus lauro-
cerasus — /.  de Ceylon, Laurus cinnamomum — /.
Commun, Laurus—/. des Cuisines, Laurus—/. des
3lontagnes, Kalmia latifolia — /. A'oble, Laurus —
/. Rose, Nerium oleander—/. de Trebisonde, Pru-
nus lauro-cerasus.
  LAURO-CERASUS, Prunus lauro-cerasus.
  LAUROSE, Nerium oleander. 
LAURUS                 530                LAXATOR
  LAURUS, Laurus nob'ilis, Daph'ne, Street Buy.
Nat. Ord.  Lauraceas.  (F.) Lander, L. noble ou
des cuisines on commun ou d'A/rollon.  The leaves
and berries, Laurus (Ph.  L.). have  a  sweet, fra-
grant smell, and an aromatic, astringent taste.
rMvcet.  bay has been  advised as a stomachic and
carminative, but is  now rarely used.  It is, some-
times, employed as a fomentation and in  glys-
ters; and  the  berries are an  ingredient in  the
Emplastr u in ('u ui in i.
  Laurus Aestivalis, L. benzoin—l.Alexandrina
angustifolia, Ruseus hypoglossuin.
  Laurus Ben'zoin, Benzoin  odorifi'eritm, Lau-
rus  Pseudo-benzoin seu astira'lis, Spice wood.
Spice bush,  Benjamin hush, Allspice bush,  Wild
allspice, Spice berry, Ferer icood,  Fever  bush.
An  indigenous shrub, growing in  moist, shady
places, in all parts  of the United  States; flower-
ing early in spring.   All parts  of  the shrub have
a spicy, agreeable  flavour, which is strongest in
the  bark and berries.  An infusion or decoction
of the small branches is used in  popular practice as
a vermifuge, and an agreeable drink in low fevers.
The bark  has been  used in  intermittents;  the
berries,  dried and  powdered,  for allspice.   The
oil  of the berries is used as an excitant.
  Laurus Camphora, see Camphor—1. Canella,
L. Cassia.
  Laurus  Cas'sia, Z. Canella,  Per'sea cassia.
The species of laurus which  yields the Cclsia,
Cas'sia.  Canella, Cassia lig'nea seu cinnamo'mea,
C.  lignea  31alabar'ica,  Cortex  Canella  3la/a-
bnr'ica, Cortex cras'sior, Xylo-cassia, Canella
Mulaburica  et Javen'sis,  0.  Cubtlna, Arbor Ju-
da'ica,   Caiiel/ifi'era  3/nlnbar'ica,  Cinnamo'mum
3Inlabtir'icum  seu  In'dicum seu  Sinalse,  Culi-
huc'ha  canella, Wild Cinnamon, Malabar an-
tiunion,  Cassia, (F.) Cannelie de Malabar ou de
Java ou r/<? la Chine OU des Indes ou de Coroman-
del, C. fausse, C. matte, Casse en bois ou aromti-
tique.   The  bark  and leaves  abound with  the
flavour of cinnamon, for which they may be sub-
stituted ; but they are much  weaker.  The un-
opened flower-buds are used in the same manner.
Aqua Cassi.e, Water of Cassia, prepared by distil-
lation, is officinal in  the Edinburgh Pharmacopoeia.
  Laurus  Cinnamomoides, Nectandra cinnamo-
moides.
  Laurus  Cinnamo'miim,  Perse'a cinnnnrn'mum,
Cinnamo'mum, C. Zeylarlicum,  Dnrse'ni, Dnrslni,
Cinnamon,  Xylo-cinuamomitrn,  Ciiurdo  Canella,
(Sc.) Cannel, (F.) Cannelie,  Baume de  Cannelie,
Cannelie officinale  ou  de  Ceylon.   Cinnamon
bark, which is obtained, also, from the Cinnamo'-
miim aromat'icum,  is stimulant and carminative,
and is employed, chiefly, as a  grateful aromatic,
to cover the taste  of nauseous remedies.  Dose,
gr. x to 3.1-  Tbe Flowers, called Cassia Flares in
the shops, possess aromatic and astringent virtues,
and may be used wherever cinnamon is required.
The volatile Oil of  the bark—O'leum Ciiiuumo'mi
■—Oil of Cinnumon, is officinal in the Pharm. U. S.
  L writs Cubeba, Piper cubeba — 1. Culilaban,
L. Culilawan.
  Laurus  Culil'awan, Z. Culilaban seu Cary-
ophyllus, Cinnamo'muin Culilawan.  The tree that
affords  the Cortex  Culilawun seu Culilaban,  Cn-
Uhuvan, Culitltacnn, Cortex caryophylloides  seu
Cnryopliylloides Amboinen'sis.   This bark resem-
bles the sassafras  in appearance and properties,
and is used in Java as a condiment.
  Laurus  Malabathrum, see Malabathrum —
1. Nobilis. Laurus—1. Persea, Persea gratissima—
1. Pseudobenzoin, L. Benzoin.
  Laurus SAS'SAKRAS,  Perse'a sns'safiras,  Sas-
safras,  Cornus mas  odorei'ta, Anhuiba, Ague-free,
Ague-tree,  (F.) Pavanne.   Indigenous  in   the
United   States.  Sassafras wood  and  root,  and
especially the bark of the root, Sassafras Radi-
cis  Cortex  (Ph. U. S.),  have been  considered
 stimulant, sudorific, and diuretic.  The virtues de-
 pend upon essential oil, Oleum Sassafras, the odour
 of which is not unlike that of fennel.  It has Keen
 used in cutaneous di.-eases,chronic rheumatism,Ac.
   The pith of the  stems, Sassafras medulla (Ph.
 U. S.), abounds in gummy matter,  which it rea-
 dily imparts to water, forming a limpid  iniicili ;e
 which  is much employed as a collyrium in  oph-
 thalmia,'and ns a drink in dysentery, catarrh, <tc.
 (one drachm ofthe pith to a pint of iioiling water).
   LAUTIS'SIMA VINA. (Superlative  of hint,,*',
 'elegant.')  Wines were formerly  so called, which
 were strongly impregnated with mvrrh.
   LAVAMENTUM, Clyster, Enema.
   LAVANDE,  Lavendula — /. de 3!er, Statice
 limonium—/.  Triste, Statice limonium.
   LAVAN'DULA, Laven'dttla,  from  lorn, 'I
 wash ;' so called from being used in baths. Ltirnu'.
 dula spictt  (Linnaeus) seu angnstifo'lin seu offici-
 na'lis seu vera, Common Lnvender, (F.)  Lnnnnle.
 Ord.  Labiata-.  The  odour of lavender flowers,
 Lttvntitlulu (Ph. U. S.), is fragrant and agreeable ■
 taste warm and bitterish—depending upon an es-
 sential oil.  It has been used as !i stimulant; parti-
 cularly in the form of the oil,— O'leum Ittvun'thdcB.
 The  dried leaves have  been  employed as an
 errhine.
   The French use, also,  Lavandula  Stoxchas,
 Sitxchus et Stichas Arab'ica, French  Let render,
 of which they have a compound  syrup, St/r'uput
 de stte'ehadi compos'itus : given as a pectoral.
   Lavandula Latifolia, Lavandula.
   Lavandula Spica  (Linnaeus),  Z.  Latift/lia
 Spicn, French Luv'ender, (F.) Lavande, Aspic,
 Spie,  yields the Oil of Spike,  O'leum  spica, (F.)
 Huile tlAspic ou tie Spie, which is used to make
 varnishes, and as a liniment in paralysis.
   LAVE31 ENT, Clyster, Enema—I. Antispas-
 modiqne, Enema fcetidum.
   LAVENDER, COMMON,  Lavendula —1.
 French, Lavandula spica — 1. Sea, Statice  limo-
 nium, Statice  Caroliniana.
   LAVENDULA, Lavandula.
   LAYER, Ulva lotissima—1. Broad green, Ulva
1 latissima—1. Germanicum, Veronica beccabunga
 —1. Laciniated purple, Ulva umbilicalis—1. Odo-
 ratuin, Sisymbrium nasturtium.
   LAVIPEDIUM, Pediluvium.
   LAM'  MEDICINE, Medicine, legal.
   LAWSONIA  ALBA, L. Inermis.
   Lawso'nia  Iner'mis, Z. alba, Alcan'a vera sen
 Orienta'lis,  Cype'rus antiqno'rum,  Ligiis'trum
 JEgyptiacum,  Smooth Lawso'nia,  (F.) Ilenni, Al-
 huitue.  An East Indian  and African  plant, the
 root of which  is slightly astringent.
   In India, the root of the Lawso'nia spinosa is
 employed in lepra and other cutaneous affections.
   LAX, Diarrhoea.
   LAXANS, Laxative, Relaxant.
   LAX'ATIYE,  Luxutlviis,  Laxans,  Le'niens,
 from  laxure, laxatum, 'to loosen;'  Minora!i'viti,
 Sohtti'rus,  Alvid'ucus, Hypochoret'ictts,  Bt/pu-
 go'gus, Hypelatits, Hypoenthar'ticus, Lapnc'titni.
 A medicine which  gently opens the bowels;  such
 as tamarinds,  manna, &c.
   LAXATIVES INDICUS, Cambogia.
   LAXATOR AURIS INTERNUS, L. tympani.
   Laxator Tympani, L. major tym'pani, Exter'-
 nus seu Ante'rior mallei, Obliquus seu Exteriiu*
 nnris,  Laxator aim's inter'nus, Eusta'chii  inns-
 atlits, (F.)  Antirieur  du  mttrteau, Acoustico-nnd-
 lien,  Sphiiii-salpingo-mal/ieu.  A muscle which
 arises  from the spine of the  sphenoid  bone ai*d
 from the cartilage of  the Eustachian tube, and n
 inserted, by a tendon, into the apophysis of Rau.
 It relaxes the membrana tympani.
   Laxa'tor  Tym'pani  Minor.   A  very  smi'l
 muscle which  extends from  the upper part of
 the external  auditory canal, and  is  inserted at
 the inferior part of the process of the handle of 
LAXITAS               531                LEIMAX
tbe  malleus.  Its existence is denied by  most
anatomists.
  LAXITAS,  Atony —1.  Alvi,  Diarrhoea —1.
Ingestorum,  Lientery — 1. Intestinorum, Lien-
tery — I.  Scroti,  Rachosis — 1. Ventriculi, Gas-
terasthenia.
  LAX'ITY, Lax'itas, Laxness.  Same etymon.
Condition of a tissue when loose or relaxed ; or
of one which wants tone.  We say laxity of fibre,
laxity of skin, to express that those parts have
hist some of the tenseness proper to them.
  LAYER, ANIMAL, see Tache embryonnaire—
1. Mucous,  see Tache embryonnaire — 1.  Serous,
see  Tache embryonnaire — 1. Vascular,  see Tache
embryonnaire—1. Vegetative, see Tache embryon-

 ' LAYERS OF  THE  BLASTODERMA,  see
 Tache embryonnaire.
  LAYMAN, see Laity.
  LAZARETTO,  Lazaret,  Lazar-house,  from
(I.) lazzero, 'a leper.'  A solitary edifice  in most
ceaports of magnitude, intended for the disinfec-
tion of men and goods  proceeding  from places
where contagious diseases are prevailing.
  LAZULITE, Lapis lazuli.
  LEAD,  Plumbum—1. Black,  Graphites —1.
 Chloride of,  Plumbi chloridum—1. Colic, see  Co-
 lica metallica—1. Iodide of, Plumbi iodidum—1.
 Nitrate of, Plumbi  nitras—1.  Oxyd of,  semi-vitri-
 fied, Plumbi oxydum semivitreum.
  Lead Paralysis, see Palsy, lead.
  Lead  Poisoning,  31olybdo'sis,  3Iolybdon'o-
 jii», 3ltrrbns  plumb'ens,  Caeochym'ia, plumbea,
 (F.) Intoxication saturnine.   Morbid phenomena
 induced by lead received into the system.
  Lead,  Red, Plumbi oxidum rubrum.
  Lead Rheu'.matism, Lead Neuralgia, Arthral-
 gia  of M. Tanquerel.   The neuralgic  and spas-
 modic pains caused by the poison of lead.
  Lead,  Subcarbonate of, Plumbi superacetas
 —1. Tannate of, see Tannin.
  Lead Water, Liquor Plumbi subacetatis di-
 lutus.
  Lead, White. Plumbi subcarbonas.
  LEADER, Tendon.
  LEADWORT, Plumbago Europa\a.
  LEAF, SOUR, Andromeda arborea.
  LEAMTNGTON, MINERAL WATERS OF.
 Saline waters  at  Leamington, about  two miles
 cast of Warwick, EngtfTnd, which contain chlo-
 ride of sodium, sulphate  of soda, and chlorides
 of calcium and magnesium.
  LEANNESS, Emaciation,
   LEAP,  Sax. hlsepan, Saltus, Salil'io, Exal-
 'is, (F.) Sunt; Bound, Jump, — the  act  of leap-
 ing. Muscular movement or movements, by which
 the body is detached from the soil by the forcible
 nnd sudden extension of the lower limbs, previ-
 ously flexed upon the pelvis.
  LEAPERY, Lepra.
  LEAPING AGUE.  This disease is said by
 the  Scotch  writers to  be characterized  by in-
 creased  efficiency,  but depraved direction, of the
 will, producing an irresistible propensity to dance,
 tumble, and move  about in a fantastic manner,
 and often with far more than the natural vigour,
 activity, nnd precision !  See Mania, dancing.
  LEATHER FLOWER,  Clematis  viorna —1.
 Wood, Dirca palustris.
  LEB'ANON, MINERAL WATERS OF.  The
 spring at Lebanon, 26 miles east of Albany, New
 lurk, is a simple thermal; temperature 73° Fahr.
  LECANE. Pelvis.
  LECI1E. Physician.
  LECHEXEION, Torcular Herophili.
  LECHEROUS, Libidinous.
  LEO IIO,  Puerpera.
  LECHOPYRA. Puerperal fever.
  LECU1TI0DES,  Vitelline.
  LECITHOR, see Ovum.
  LE CRAN, Cochlearia armoracia.
  LECO, Penis.
  LECONTIA VIRGINICA,  Peltandra  Yir-
ginica.
  LECTISTER'NIUM, from lectus, 'a bed,' and
sternere, 'to spread.'  The arrangement of a bed
so as to adapt it to  a particular disease.  Also, a
supplication, with the Romans, in times of public
danger, when beds or couches were spread for the
gods, as  if they were about to feast,  and  their
images were taken down from their pedestals and
placed upon  these couches  around the altars.
The lectisternium was first introduced in the time
of a pestilence.—Livy.
   LECTUA'LIS, from  lectus, 'a bed.'  An epi-
thet applied to a protracted disease.
   LECTULUS MEDICATUS, see  Fomentation
—1. Stramineus, Fanon.
   LEDE SAUVAGE, Ledum sylvestre.
   LEDOYEN'S DISINFECTING LIQUID or
FLUID.  A solution  of nitrate of lead, (Plumb.
nitrat. %j ad aqua f^j,) used as an antiseptic and
antihrotiiic.
   LEDUM   LATIFO'LIUM,  Labrador'  Tea,
 Ord.  Ericaceae, grows in damp places,  in Canada
and the  United States.   The   leaves  have a
pleasant odour and taste, and have been used as
tea.  They have also been esteemed pectoral and
tonic.
   Ledum Palus'tre, Rosmarinus  seu Anthos
sylves'tris, Marsh  Tea, (F.) Lcde  ou  Ramarin
sauvage, Olivier de  Bohime.   Nat. Ord. Ericineae.
Sex.  Syst. Deeandria Monogynia.   This  plant
has a bitter, subastringent taste, and was formerly
used in Switzerland in place of hops: the virtues
are  equivocal.  The leaves  are  chewed by  tho
Cree  Indians, and  applied  to  burns, which  are
said to heal rapidly under their influence.   Tho
cake  of chewed leaves is left adhering to the sore
until it falls off.—Sir J. Richardson.
   LEE, Feculence, Lixivium, Ley. Lye, Urine.
   LEECH, Hirudo, see Ectozoa,  Physician.
   LEECHCRAFT. Medicina.
   LEEK, Allium porrum.
   LEES, SOAP, Liquor potassae.
   LEG,  (Da. Lag,)  Cms,  Seelos,  Cneme.   The
portion  of  the  lower extremity, which  extends
 from the knee to the foot.   It consists of three
bones, Tibia,  Fibula, and Patella, and also of a
great  number of  muscles,  vessels,  and nerves.
The projection, formed by the muscles at the back
part of the leg, has received the name of Calf of
the leg.  It is tbe  special attribute of man, and
proves that be is destined to be biped.
   Leg, Swelled, Phlegmatia dolens—1. Cochin,
see Elephantiasis.
   LEGITIMATE,  Legit'imus,  from  lex,  legis,
'law;' GenulnuB,  Gne'sios.   An  epithet applied
to things which  are according to rule.   A legiti-
mate child, (F.) Enfant ligitime, is one conceived
or born during  marriage   Legitimate diseases,
(F.) .Maladies ligitimes, are  those which  follow a
regular march.
   LEGNA, from Xeyvn, Xeyvov, 'a fringed edge,'
'the border  of  a garment.'  The orifice of  the
pudendum muliebre, or of the uterus.
   LEGUME. Legumen.
   LEGU'MEN,  from lego, <  I gather,' [?] akin to
Xa^aiav,  'pulse,' (F.)  Legume, Gousse.  So called
because it is  usually gathered by tbe hand, in-
stead of being  reaped.  All kinds  of pulse, as
pens, beans, <fec, are thus termed.
   LEGU.MIN, Casein.
   LEIOHEN. Lichen.
   LEIMANTIIIUM   YIRGINICUM,  Melan-
thium Yirginionm.
   LEIMAX, Limax. 
LEIOPUS
532
LEPIDIUM
  LEI'OPUS, Llopits, Plancus, Plautus, Plotus,
from Xctof, 'smooth,' and nuvs, '& foot.'  One who
is affected with fiat-footedncss-, splay-fiootedness,
Lciopoclia, Liopotlia.  One, the soles of whose
feet are flat, instead of having the concavity which
they commonly present.
  LEIOSIS. Comminution.
  LEIPHiE'MIA,  Lipha'mia: same etymon as
Leipbaemos.   Poverty or paucity of blood.
  LEIPHyEMOT. Achroi.
  LEIPH.E'MOS,   Lipha'mos,  (F.)  Leiphime,
from Aurrw, ' I want,' and 'atpa, 'blood.'  A word
sometimes used adjectively;  at others, substan-
tively, either for a vicious state of the blood — or
rather for a sort of anaemia — or for the  patient
who labours under  this condition.  See Achroi.
  LEIPHE3IE,  Leiphaemos.
  LEIPO, Lipo.
  LEIPODERMTA. Aposthia.
  LEIPODER'MOS, Lipoder'mos, Leipoderm'a-
tus, from Xecitto, 'I  want,' and ieppa, 'skin.'   One
who wants  a part  of his skin.  It is especially
applied  to  one  who wants  the prepuce.  See
Apella. and Aposthia.
  LEIPOMERIA, Lipomeria.
  LEIPOPSYCIIIA, Syncope.
   LEIPOTHYMIA, Syncope.
  LEIPl7RTAS, from Xetror, 'I want,' and rrvp,
 'fire,' or 'heat.'   A species  of continued fever,
referred to by the  Greek physicians, in which
there  is burning heat of the internal parts and
 coldness of the extremities.  Avicenna described,
 under this name, a kind of hemitritasa.
   LEMA, Chassie.
   LEME, Lippitudo.
   LEMITHOCORTON, Corallina Corsicana.
   LEMMA, Cortex, Feculence, Furfur, Sedimen-
 tum.
   LEMNISCUS, Pessary, Tent.  See Laqueus.
   LEMON,  GROUND,  Podophyllum  montanura
 — 1. Juice, see Citrus  medica—1. Juice, artificial,
 see  Citrus medica—1. Peel,  see Citrus  medica—
 1. Tree,  Citrus medica.
   Lemon, Wild, Podophyllum mnntanum.
   LEMONADE',  Limona'da,   (F.)  Limonade,
 Citronnade.  Lemon juice diluted with water and
 sweetened.  See Citrus medica.
   Lemonade, Dry, (F.) Limonade sZche.  Citric
 or tartaric acid reduced to powder and mixed with
 sugar.  Lemonade powders may be made as fol-
 lows :—Pound JfjJ of citric odd with a few drops
 of essence of lemon-peel and §j or more  of lump
 sugar. Divide into six papers, each of which will
 make a glass of lemonade.  See Citric acid.
   Limonade Guzeuse (F.), is  an  agreeable drink
 prepared by adding syrup of lemons, raspberry,
 &e., to water saturated with carbonic acid.
   Lemonade, Magnesian, Magnesias citras.
   Lemonade, Nitric.   Nitric acid considerably
 diluted  with water, and  sweetened.
   Lemonade, sulphuric, and Lemonade, tar-
 taric, are made with the  sulphuric and  tartaric
 acids.
   LE MO SIT AS,  Chassie,  Lippitudo.
   LENDE. Lumbi.
   LEND IS, Lumbi, Nates.
   LENIENS, Laxative, Lenitive.
   LENIS, Lenitive.
   LEN'ITIVE, Lenitlvus, Lenis, Len'iens, Epia'-
 mn, 3filigans, from lenio, lenitum, 'to assuage.'
A medicine, which allays irritation or palliates
 disease;  also, a laxative  medicine.  A  lenitive
electuary is one that purges gently.
   LENOS,  Torcular Ilerophili.
   LENS, Ervum lens—1. Crystalline,  Crystalline
—1. Esculenta, Ervum lens.
  LENTIC'ULA.  Dim. of lens, lentis, 'a lentil.'
A freckle.  Also, the eruption of lenticular fever.
See  Ephelides.
  LENTICULAR GANGLTON, Ophthalmic 0.
  LENTICULA'RES  GLAN'DUL.E,  Lcmic'-
ular glands.  Mucous follicles, having the shape
of a lentil, which are observed especially towards
the base of the tongue.
  LENTIGO, Ephelides.
  LENTIL, Ervum lens.
  LENTILLE, Ervum lens—/. Crystalline, Crys-
talline—1. Ers, Ervum ervilia.
  LENTIS'CINUM  VINUM.  Wine  impreg-
nated with mastich ; from Lentiscus, 'the mustich
tree.'
  LENTISCUS VULGARIS, Pistaeia lentiscus.
  LENTITTA, Lentor.
  LENTITIS,  Phacitis.
  LENTITUDO, Lentor.
  LENTOR, Lentil'ia, Lentitu'do, from lentim,
' clammy.'   A viscidity  or  siziness  of any fluid.
See Gluten.
  LENT ROSE,  Narcissus pseudonarcissus.
  LENUM. Torcular Ilerophili.
  LEONOTIS  LEONU'RUS.  Ord. Labiate,
A South  African plant, which has  a  peculiar
smell and nauseous taste, and is said to  produce
narcotic  effects if incautiously used.  It is em-
ployed in decoction in chronic cutaneous disease?.
The Hottentots smoke it like tobacco, and take a
decoction of its leaves as a strong cathartic.  It
is also given as an eincnagogue.  In the  eastern
districts  of the  Cape  Colony,  Leonotis  ovn'tu,
(Prov.) Crowparsneqj, 3Iule, is used for the same
purpose.
   Leonotis Ovata, see Leonotis leonurus.
   LEONTI'ASIS,  Leon'tion,  from  Xtwv,  Xtovrot;,
'a lion.'  A name given to lepra ofthe face, from
some fancied resemblance between the  counte-
nance of those labouring under it and that ofthe
lion.   To this kind of lepra the epithets  le'oniue
and le'online have been given.
   LEON'TICE TIIALICTROIDES,  Caulophyl-
lum thalictro'ides.
   LEONTION, Leontiasis.
   LEONTODON TARAXACUM, L. offidntt'le
seu vuli/a're, Tarux'ncum officinu'le. Dens  Let,'itis,
Ilcdyp'nois tarax'uairn, Urina'ria,  Caput 3laii'tt-
chi, Dan'delion,  Piss-a-bed, (Prov.)  Shitobed,
Puffball,  (Sc.) Dentilioun,  (F.) Pisseu/it, Lion-
dent,  Dent de lion, Couronne  de  31oine,  from
Xtitrv,  Xtovros, 'a lion,' my! oiovc, oiovrirs, 'a tooth.'
Order, Compositae.  Tbe young leaves are some-
times eaten as salad. The roots are, also, roasted
and used  as a substitute for coffee.  The  root,
Tarax'acnm, (Ph.  U. S.,) is, moreover,  reputed
to  be aperient and  diuretic; hence its vulgar
names.  Its efficacy is doubtful.
   LEONTOPODIUM, Alchemilla.
   LEONU'RUS, from Xtwv, 'a lion,' and  ovptt, 'a
tail.'   Lion's Tail.
   Leonurus Cardi'aca, Agripal'ma Galli*, 3far-
ru'bium, Cardi'aca crisjra seu triloba'ta  seu vul-
ga'ris, Herba cardiaca seu Pata laplna,  3lr>llrer-
wort, Throatwort, (F.) Agripaume.   Ord. Labiala1.
Its properties are those of a nauseous bitter; and
hence it has been used in hysteria and other ner-
vous  affections.
   Leonurus  Lanatus, Ballota. lanata.
   LEOPARD'S  BANE, ROMAN, Arnica mon-
tana, Doronicum pardalianches.
   LEPAS, Lepis, AtTraf, gen. XtnaSor, Xtrrr,, gen.
Xerttlios, 'a scale.'
   LEPER, see Leprous.
   Leper Hospital, Ladrerie.
   LEPIA  CAMPESTRIS, Thlaspi campestre-
1. Sativa, Lepidium Iberis.
   LEPID'IUM,  from Xms, Xemcoe, 'a scale;' f»
called from its supposed usefulness in cleansing
the skin from scales and impurities. Pepper-wort.
 Ord.  Crueiferas.
   Lepidium Campesthe, Thlaspi campestre. 
LEPIDODES             533            LEPTOTRICHUS
  Lepid'ium Ibe'uis, Ibc'ris, Cardaman'tica, S,-i-  I
tif'iVri cresses.   This  plant possesses  a  warm,
penetrating, pungent  taste, like  other cresses,
mid is  recommended  as an antiscorbutic, anti-
peptic, and  stomachic.
  Lepidium Sati'vum,  I.cp'ia sati'va, Thlaspi
M'tstnr'tium  seu  sativum, Nastur'tium horten'se
seu sat I v inn. Garden cress, Dittander, Green mus-
tard, (F.) Cresson alinois,  Cresson  des Jardins.
This plant  possesses  warm, stimulating  proper-
ties, and is used like the last.
  Lepidium Scjuamatum, Cochlearia coronopus.
  LEPIDODES, Squamous.
  LEPIDOIDES, Squamous.
  LEPIDOSA RCO'MA, Tumor squamifor'mis
earno'sns.   A fleshy tumour, covered with  scales ;
from  Xt-nts, Xetnloi, 'a  scale,'  and capKiupa,  'a
fleshy tumour.'  Marcus  Aurelius Severinus de-
scribes tumours of this kind in the interior of the
mouth.
   LIPIDOSIS, Scnlv disease.
   LEPIDOSIS ICHTHYIASIS, Ichthyosis—1.
Ichthyiasis cornigera, Horny  excrescences—1.
Lepriasis,  Lepra—1. Pityriasis,  Pityriasis — 1.
Psoriasis,  Psoriasis.
   LEPIDOTIS CLAVATA, Lycopodium clava-
tum.
   LEPIRA, Lepra.
   LEPIS,  Scale.
   LEPISMA,  Squamous portion.
   LEPORINUM LABIUM,  Harelip —1.  Ros-
trum, Harelip.
   LEPORINUS OCULUS, Lagophthalmia.
   LEPOSTEOPH'YTON;  from  Xem, 'a scale,'
oanov, 'a  bone,' and ipvrov, 'a plant or growth.'
 A  thin scale  of  bone,  the result  of  a   morbid
growth.
   LEPRA, Lep'ira, from AtTrpo?,  'scaly.'  Lepi-
 do'sis Lepri'asis, Lcpro'sis, Lepro'sitas, Vitiligo,
 Lepra Graco'riim,  Herpes fiurfura'ceus circina'-
 tus, Leprosy, Lc.ap'ery, (Sc.)  Lcpyr, Lipper, (F.)
 Lipre, 31al Saint-3fain, Dartre  furfuracie  ar-
 i-niidie.  This  term has been  applied  to  various
 nlfections,  very different in character.  1. To the
 Leprosy of the Jews, Leuce, Lepido'sis Lepriasis
 ciaies'cens,  Lepra 3losa'ica seu llebrao'rum, — a
 variety of  the Alphos or Lepra alphoides.  The
 leuce was,  generally, not scaly, but consisted  of
 smooth,  shining  patches,  on  which  the  hair
 turned white and  silky, and the skin, with the
 muscular  flesh, lost its  sensibility.  It  was in-
curable.  2. To the Elephantiasis or Lepra of the
 Arabs, see  Elephantiasis;  and  3. To the  Lepra
of the Greeks, which includes all the varieties met
 with at the present day.   It is characterized  by
pcaly patches of different sizes, but having always
nearly a circular form.  Bateman  and Willan de-
scribe three chief varieties of this lepra.
   1. Lepra alpho'i'des, Lepido'sis Lepri'asis al'-
bida, Alphos,  3lorpha'a alba, Vitiligo  alphas,
Albums alba, Albnras,  Albaros,  Lipre icnilleitse
of  Alibert,  White leprosy.  An affection, charac-
terized by  white patches, surrounded by  a rose-
coloured areola, which appears here and there  on
the surface; depressed in the middle.
   2. Lepra nigricans seu melns seu maculo'sa
nnp-n, Vitili'go melas seu  nigra, 3Iorpha'a seu
Alburns  nigra, 31e!as, Lepido'sis lepri'asis ni'-
g'-icans, Bind- leprosy ,- in which the  scales are
livid: the size of half a dollar;  and diffused over
the body, but less widely than  in the Alphoides.
The French pathologists usually admit three spe-
cies of lepra, to which they give the epithets scaly,
\«qnameu*e,) cmstaceous,  (erustacie,) and tuber-
i-'ii.ir. (tubercnleuse,) according  as the  skin may
be covered  with scales, crusts, or tubercles.
  3. Lepra iritlga'ris, Lepido'sis lepriasis  vulga'-
ris, Dartre  furfuracie an-ondie, of Alibert, cha-
racterized  as follows: scales glabrous, whitish, I
size of a crown piece; preceded  by smaller  red-
dish and glossy elevations of the skin, encircled
by a dry, red, and slightly elevated border; often
confluent;  sometimes covering the whole of the
body except the face.
  Lepra appears  to be  endemic  in  Egypt,  in
Java, and certain parts of Norway and  Sweden.
Imperfect and faulty nutriment appears  to  con-
tribute  to  its  development.  The  means,  best
adapted for its removal, are :—a mild, unirritating
diet, emollient fomentations—sulphureous baths,
fumigations,  &c; but, often,  all remedial agents
will be  found ineffectual.
  Lepra Arabum, Elephantiasis Arabica—1. As-
turica,  see Pellagra — 1.  Borealis, Radzyge— 1.
Fungifera, Framboesia—1. Gangraenosa, Ngeren-
gere — 1. Grascorum, Lepra—1. Hebrasorum, see
Lepra—1. Ichthyosis, Ichthyosis—1. Lombardica,
Pellagra — 1. Maculosa nigra, L. Nigricans — 1.
Mediolanensis, Pellagra — 1. Melas, Lepra nigri-
cans— 1. Mercurial, Eczema mercuriale — 1. M<>-
saica, see Lepra—1. Norvegica, Radzyge—1. Squa-
mosa, Impetigo—1.  Taurica,  Mai de Crimie.
  LEPRE, Lepra — /.  des Cossaques,  3Ial  de
Crimie — /. Ecailleuse, Lepra alphoides — /. Hu-
mide, Impetigo.
  LEPREUX, Leprous.
  LEPRICUS,  Leprous.
  LEPROSARIUM, Ladrerie.
  LEPROSERIE, Ladrerie.
  LEPROSIS, Lepra.
  LEPROSITAS, Lepra.
  LEPROSUS, Leprous.
  LEPROSY, Lepra—1. Black,  Lepra nigricans
— 1. Norwegian, see Radzyge — 1. White, Lepra
alphoides.
  LEP'ROUS, Lepro'sits,  Lcprolicus, Lep' dais,
Lepro'des, (Sc.) Lipper,  (F.)  Lipreux, Lttrlre,
same etymon.   Relating to or resembling or af-
fected with leprosy ; a leper.
  LEPSIS, Attack.
  LEPTAN'DRA  VIRGINTCA,  Veronica seu
Padero'ta Virgin'ica, Culver's physic.  Ord. Scro-
phuluriaceae.  An indigenous plant, which grows
throughout  the  United  States,  and  flowers  in
August.  The flowers are white, and  terminate
the stem in a long spike.   A variety with purple
flowers has been described, as
  Leptandra  Purpu'rea,  Physic root, Black
root, Whorlywort, Culver's root, Brinton root. Bow-
man root.  Tbe root is bitter and  nauseous, and
when fresh is emetic and cathartic.  In the dried
state it is more  uncertain.  Dose  of the  powder,
gr.  xx to ^j.
  LEPTO,   LEPTOS,  Xerros,  'thin,'  'light.'
Hence :
  LEPTOCEPHA'LIA, from Xenros, 'thin, fine,'
and KetpaXri,  'head.' Monstrosity, in  which the
head is abnormously small.
  LEPTOCHRO'A, Leptochros, from  Xerrro;,
'thin, fine,' and XP"a- X<"""' 'tDe c°l°ur °f tbe
skin : the skin.'  Fineness, thinness of skin.
  LEPTOCIUYMTA,  from  Xerrro;, 'thin,'  and
yvpoc, 'a juice.'  Morbid  thinness of the juices.
  LEPTOHYME'NIA, from Xenros, 'thin,'  and
'vunv,' a membrane.' Thinness, delicacy of mem-
brane.
  LEPTOMER'IA. from  Xarro(,  'thin, fine,' and
pepo;, 'a part.'  Fineness, delicacy of  bodily for-
mation.
  LEPTONTIQUES,  Attendants.
  LEPTOPHONIA. Oxyphonia.
  L E P T 0 S P E R M U M L EUCADENDRUM,
Melaleuca oajapnti.
  LEPTOTHRIX. Leptotrichus.
  LEPTOTRICHTA; same  etymon as the next
Fineness of hair.
  LEPTOT'RICHUS,  Leptothrix, from  Xenros, 
LEPTOTROPHIA
53 I
LEUCORRHOEA
'fine,' and Spit, rpt^o;, 'hair.'   One who has fine
hair.
  LEPTOTROPH'IA,  Mierotroph'ia,  3licrotra-
pez'ia, from  Xe-nros, 'light,' and Tpotprj, 'nourish-
ment.'  Light nutrition.
  LEPTYNSIS, Emaciation.
  LEPTYNTICA, Attenuants.
  LEPTYSMUS, Emaciation.
  LEPYR,  Lepra.
  L ERE MA. see  Dementia.
  LERESIS, see  Dementia.
  LERUS,  Delirium, see Dementia.
  LESEOLI MORBUS, Icterus.
  LESE'OLUS.   According to Paracelsus, a per-
fectly  transparent salt, which  cured  jaundice:
hence Leseoli morbus.
  LE'SION, La'sio, from  ladere, lasum,  ' to in-
jure.'   Derangement,  disorder;  any   morbid
change, either in the exercise of functions or in
the  texture  of organs.  Organic lesion is syno-
nymous with organic disease.
  Lesion of Continuity,  see  Continuity, solu-
tion of.
  LESK. Inguen.
  LESS I YE, Lixivium.
  LESSIVE DES SA VONNIERS, Liquor po-
tassas.  Also, a solution of caustic soda in water,
containing about 3 parts of soda to 8 of water.
  LESSIVE  DE  TAUTRE,  Liquor potassas
subcarbonatis.                ■
  LETALITAS, Mortality.
  LETHALIS. Lethiferous. Mortal.
  LETHALITAS, Mortality.
  LETHAR'GIC, Lethnr'giens, Veterno'sus, (F.)
Lithnrgique.  Relating to lethargy; affected with
lethargy.
  LETHARGIQUE, Lethargic.
  LETH'ARGY, Lethur'giu,  Lethar'gus, Cnrrts
lethargus,   Vter'nus,  Obliv'io  iners, from Xn$n,
' oblivion,' and apyoq, ' active.'  A constant state
of  stupor from  which it is almost impossible to
arouse the individual; and, if aroused, he speedily
relapses into his former condition.
  LETHEA, Papaver.
  LE'THEON, from  Xnt>n, •'oblivion.'  A name
given by some to sulphuric ether, when  inhaled
as  an anaesthetic agent.
  LETHIF'EROUS. Le'thifier, Lctha'lis,  Let/iif-
icus, 31or'lifer,  31o,-liferoits,  from Xrjdri, 'death,'
and cUpa), T bear.'  Death-bearing;  deadly.
  LETHUM, Death.
  LETTUCE,  Lactuca—1. Blue, Mulgedium acu-
minatum— 1. False, Mulgedium Floridanum—1.
Indian, see Calumba.
  Lettuce Opium, see Lactuca.
  Lettuce, Strong-scented, Lactuca virosa—1.
White, Nabalus albus—1. Wild,  Lactuca elongata.
   LETUM, Death.
  LEUCADES, see Sclerotic.
  LEUCcE'MIA, Leuka'inia, Leucha'mia, from
Xtvico;, 'white,' and  'atpn, 'blood,' (F.) Lencirnie.
A condition of the blood in which it is deficient
in colouring matter.  See  Leucocythasmia.
   LEUCETHIOPIA, see Albino.
  LEUC.ETHIOPS, Albino.
  LEUCAN1A. Laucania.
  LEUCANTHEMUM, Anthemis nobilis, Matri-
caria chamomilla—1.  Vulgare, Chrysanthemum
leucanthemum.
  LEUCE. Lepra (of the  Jews.)
  LEUCELECTRUM, Succinum  (album.)
   LEUCE3IIE, Leueasmia.
  LEUOH.EMIA, Leueasmia.
  LEUCIT1S. S-ierotitis.
  LEUCOCYTE, see  Globules of the blood.
  LEUCOCYTH^E'MIA, 'white cell blood,'from
Xcvkoc.  'white,'  kvtoc,  'cell,' and 'atpa,  'blood.'
A condition of the blood, which consists  in a su-
perabundant development of the white corpuscles,
a disease which has been observed at times to be
accompanied by enlargement of the spleen  and
liver, and at others by increased size of the lym-
phatic glands.   See Leucaemia.
  LEUCODENDRON. Melaleuca cajaputi.
  LEUCOl.NUS, see Wine.
  LEUCOIUM,  Lunnria  rediviva — 1. Luteum,
Cheirnnthus cheiri.
  LEUCOLACHANUM, Valeriana.
  LEUCOLEIN, Leukoleinum.
  LEUCO'MA, from XrvKns, 'white.'  Oc,l„'ri,m
albu'go, Leiicom'mn, Lenco'sis,  Albn'go,  Albula,
Ceraloleuco' ma,  Ephelates.  Leucninu  and  Al-
bugo  are often  used synonymously to denote a
white opacity of the cornea.  Both are essentially
different from  nebula of the cornea : nebula bciii"
usually the result of chronic ophthaliny and  an
effusion of a milky serum into the texture of the
delicate continuation of the conjunctiva over tho
cornea; — the  others  are the  result of violent,
acute ophthalmia.   In this state,  a thick, conga.
lable lymph is extravasated from the  arteries,
sometimes   superficially,  at other times  deeply
into the substance of tbe cornea.  On other occa-
sions, the disease consists  of a firm, callous cica-
trix on this membrane,—the effect of a wound or
ulcer with  loss  of  substance.   The affection ia
more difficult of cure in proportion  to its duration
and to the age of the  individual;  the activity of
the absorbents  being greater in youth.  If inflam-
mation still exist, antiphlogistics must be perse-
vered  in,  and,  afterwards, gentle  stimulants  be
used  to  excite absorption; along with  the   in-
ternal use  of mercury or iodine.-
  Leucoma, Albumen — 1. Gerontotoxon,  Gero-
toxon—1.  Margaritaceum, see Margaritaccus.
  LEUCOMMA. Leucoma.
  LEUCOMORIA.  Cuttubuth.
  LEUCONECRO'SIS, from Xivkos, 'white,'  and
vcKpuots, ' death.'   A form of dry gangrene,—the
opposite in appearance to anthraconecrosis.
  LEUCONY.MPILEA, Nymphasa alba.
  LEUCOPATHIA,  see  Albino,  Chlorosis—1.
Partialis nequisita, Achromn.
  LEUCOPHAGIUM, Blanc-manger:
  LEUCOPHLEGMASIA,  Leucophlegmatia—1.
Dolens puerperarum, Phlegmatia dolens.
  LEUCOPHLE GM A'TIA,  Lettcophlegniasift,
Hydrops  lencophlegmiltia,  Tumescen'tia  pitni-
to'sn, from  Xcvkos, 'white,' and tfXtypa, tpXtyparoi,
'phlegm.'   A  dropsical  habit,  Hydrocttehex'in.
Some  writers use  tbe  word synonymously with
anasarca and oedema ; others with emphysema.
  Leucophlegmatia jEthiopum, Chthonophagia.
  LEUCOPIPER, Piper album.
  LEUCOPYRIA, Hectic fever.
  LEUCORRHEE, Leucorrhoea.
  LEUCORRHCE'A, Fluxus sen Fluor mulie'bris,
Projlu'riitni mulie'bre,  Cursus  rnatri'cis, FhixiiD
mairi'cis,  Elytri'tis, Co/eosi'tis, Colpitis, Destil-
lu'tio u'teri, Flttxt'o alba seu vulva, Ulcus u'teri,
 Catar'rhus geniia'lium,  Hysterorrhce'a  miietr'sn,
 Catame'nia alba,  3Ienses  albi, 3Ien'strua allnt,
 31cnorrhag''ia alba, Fluor mulie'bris non Guill-
ens, Blennelyt'ria,  Gonorrha^'a benig'na notha irt-
vetera'ta, Pnrgn'tio mulie'bris  alba, Alba purgn-^
men'ta, Cachex'ia uteri'na, Rheuma it'ten, I'teri
 Cory'za,  3Iedorrhce'a fiemina'rum insons, Bleu-
 norrhoe'a seu Blennorrh,ig"ia genita'liuni, A-jbcn-
 blennorrhee'a  seu 3Iedoblennorrha-'u feuiinn >•»»','
 The  whites;   (F.)   F/eurs  ou  Flueurs blanches,
 Pertes blanches, Ecoulement blanc, Cularrlie  iirV-
 rin, Perte  ntirine  blanche,  from  Xcvkos, ' white,
 and ptur, ' I flow.'  A  more or less abundant dis-
 charge of  a white, yellowish, or greenish mucus:
resulting from  acute or chronic inflammation, or
 from irritation of the membrane lining the genital 
LEUCORRIIOIS
53o
LEVATOR
organs of the female.   Vag"iual Lencorrhera has
been termed Bleunorrliuu seu Fluor albus vagi-
na, Leitcorrhtr'n, 3letlorrhir'a vagina.  Vaginitis,
Eliproblennorrhoe'a, Col/rorrhtr'a.— Uterine Lai-
cm-rli'i'ii has received the names Fluor albus uteri,
Lencorrhu'a seu Medorrha'a uteri, M,troblennor-
rha-'n,  Blennonietri'tis, 3letroblennoze'min, Metro-
cntnr'rhns, MetrolcucorrluPa, (F.) Leueorrhee nti-
rine, Catarrhe titirr'n.   It is often attended with
pain and a sense of heaviness in tbe loins, abdo-
men and thighs; disordered digestive functions,
Ac, so that, at times, the health suffers largely,
although there are few females  who are not oeea-
pionally suljeet  to moderate leucorrhoea.  Atten-
tion to  the general health, change  of air, keep-
ing  up a  perspirable  state of  the surface  by
flannel worn next the  skin, the horizontal posture.
 Ac, do more than pharmaceutical agents : which
are almost entirely confined to astringent injec-
tions.   These may be  employed, when the dis-
charge is so great as to require them.
   Leucorrhoea  Analis,  see  Hasmorrhois — 1.
 Nabothi, see Parturition.
   LEUCORRIIOIS, see Hasmorrhois.
   LEUCO'SES; from  Xcvkoc,  'white.'   In  tbe
 nosology  of M.  Alibert, all the diseases of  the
 lymphatic, apparatus.  Tbe  7th family in  bis No-
 sologic.  In that of Fuchs, it  is a family of dis-
 eases,  (G.) Leukosen, which includes  the  va-
 rious forms of anaemia.
   Leucosis, Leucoma,  Paleness.  See Albino.
   LEUK  or  LOCCIIE,  MINERAL  AVATERS
 OF.  Saline, chalybeate waters, about  six leagues
 distant from Sion.  They contain chloride of so-
 dium,  with a little sulphate  of magnesia; sul-
 phate  of  lime,  carbonate of magnesia,  carbonic
 acid, nnd protoxide of iron.
   LEU K.EM I A, Leucaemia.
   LEUKOLEIN'UM,  Chinoleiilum,  LenUl,
 Len'coleinc,   Len'colein,  Chi'noleiri,   Chi'nolin.
 This substance is the product of the dry  distilla-
 tion of coal; mixed with picolin, anilin and other
 substances, in mineral tar.  It is procured, also,
 by heating quinia, cinchonia and strychnia, with
 ns concentrated a ley of potassa as can be made.
 Its  specific gravity is  1.0S1 ;  and  it is  slightly
 soluble in  water, and miscible  in all proportions
 with alcohol,  ether and essential oils.
   LEVAIN.  Ferment.
   LEVATOR, Elevator.
   Leva'tor An'guli Oris, Abdu'ccns labio'rum,
 Flii-n'tor  labiorum commu'nis,  Caninus,  (F.)
 Sns nia.dllo-labial, Petit sus-maxillo-la'-ial (Ch.),
 Muscle canin.  A small, flat,  long, quadrilateral
 muscle, which arises from  the fossa canina, and
 is inserted at the commissure  of the  lips, where
 it is confounded with tbe triangularis.  It raises
 the corner of the mouth, and draws  it  towards
 the ear.
   Levator Ani,  Levator  magnus seu internus,
 Lotus  ani, Eleva'tor ani,  Sedem  attollens, (F.)
 Pubio-coccygien annulaire,  Sous pttbio-coccygien
 (Ch.), Releveur de I'anns.   A  muscle, situate at
 the lower part  of  the  pelvis.   It  is broad, flat,
 quadrilateral, and broader above than  below.   It
 represents a kind of membranous partition, which
 closes  the outlet  of the pelvis, and the upper
 concavity  of which is opposed  to that  of  the dia-
 phragm.   It  is  attached, above, to  the posterior
 surface of the body  of the pubis, to the upper
 pnrt of the obdurator foramen, and to the spine
 of the ischium ;  and  is inserted into the coccyx,
into an aponeurotic  line common  to it  and  its
fellow, nnd into the lateral  parts of the  rectum.
This muscle supports the rectum; raises  it, and
carries it upwards during  the  evacuation of the
excrement.  It  can,  also,  compress the  bladder
and vesiculae seminales. nnd thus favour  the  ex-
pulsion  of  the urine and sperm.                 I
    Levator Ani Parvus, Transversus perinasi —
111. Auris, Attollens  aurem — 1. Coccygis, Coccy-
|  gens.
I    Levator Glan'dula Thyroioea:.  A muscle
  occasionally found connected with the upper bor-
  der or isthmus of the thyroid gland : and attached
  superiorly to the body of the os hyoides, or to tbe
  thyroid  cartilage.
    Levator  Menti, Levator labii inferioris — 1.
  Oculi, Rectus superior oculi — 1. Proprius  sca-
  pulas, L. scapuhe.
    Levator Labii Inferio'ris, Z. menti, Elevator
  labii inferio'ris seu labii inferioris pro'prius, luci-
  si'vusinfe'rior, 3 fits'cuius penicil/a'tus,(¥.) Hoitppe
  dn menton, lteleveur de la lerre infiirienr on du men-
  ton.  A  portion of tbe  mento-labial of Chaussier.
  A  small  muscle situate  before  tbe  symphysis
  menti.  It is thick, conical ; and  attached  by its
  apex to a fossette  at the  side  of the symphysis
  in the  inferior  maxillary bone.   Its  fibres pro-
  ceed diverging and vanishing in the manner of a
  tuft. (F.) Houppe, on the skin of the  chin.   This
  muscle  raises the chin, and  pushes upwards the
  lower lip.
    Levator  Labii  Superio'ris  Ala;que   Nasi,
  Incislrus latera'lis et pyrtiiuidrllis,  (F.)  Grand
  sus-maxillo-lnbial (Ch.),  fjirnleur  commun  de
  laile du nez ct de la lerre snpirietire.   This mus-
  cle is a  fleshy, thin, triangular bundle, situate  at
  the sides of the nose.  It arises from  the ascend-
  ing process of the superior maxillary bone:  thence
  its fibres  descend in a diverging  manner, a part
  being inserted into the ala of the nose, and a part
  losing themselves in tbe  upper lip.  This muscle
  raises the upper lip and ala nasi, which  it draws
  a little outwards.
    Levator  Labii  Superioris  Proprius.  Muh'-
  cuhts iucisi'rns.  Elevator  labii  superioris  pro-
  prius, (F.) Moyen sus-mnxillo-labial.  (Ch.), Or-
  bito-maxillo-labial.  This thin, flat, quadrilateral
  muscle  is situate at the middle and inner part  of
  the face.  It arises from  the os malas and the  os
  maxillare superius, and is inserted into tbe  upper
  lip. which it raises, at  the  same time carrying it
  a little outwards.
    Levator  Pala'ti,  Z. Palati  Mollis.  Petro-
  salpin'go-staphyllnus,  Salpitt'go-slaphyli'riiis in-
  ter'nus,  Salpingo-staphyliniis,  Pter'ygo-stnphyli-
  nns externus, Spheno-staphyliiius,  Sphenn-palatl-
  nus, Peristaphylinus internus superior, Pitro-sta-
  phylin, (Ch.).   This muscle is long, narrow, and
  almost  round above;  broader  and  flatter  infe-
  riorly.  It arises from the  lower surface  of the
  pars petrosa ;  from the  cartilage of the Eusta-
  chian-tube; and is  inserted  into the substance  of
  the velum palati.   Its use  is to raise the velum
  palati.
    Levator  Pal'pebr^:  Superio'ris,  Palpebra,
  superioris primus, Apertor Oc'uli, Ape'riens Pal-
  pebra'rum rectus,  Reclu'sor pnlpebra'rum, (F.)
  Orbito-palpebral  (Ch.),   Orbito -sus-palpibral,
  Eliriiteur de la  paupiere  sitpirieure.  A  long,
  small, thin muscle, situate  at the upper part  of
  the orbitar cavity.  By its posterior extremity it
  is inserted into the little ala  of the sphenoid bone,
  immediately in front of the foramen opticum. and,
  by its anterior extremity, which  is  expanded, it
  terminates at the upper margin of the tarsal car-
  tilage  of tbe eyelid.   This muscle  raises the
  upper eyelid, draws it backwards, and sinks it
  into  the orbit.
    Levator Pros'tata-:, (F.) Releveur de la pros-
  tate.  Santorini has given this name  to the ante-
  rior  fibres of the levator ani, which embrace the
  prostate.
    Levator Scap'ula, Eleva'tor scapula,  E. sen
  31 us'cuius Patien'tia, Angula'ris, Lernto-r pro'pri-
  us scapula,—(F.) Trachilo-scapulaire (Ch.). An-
 I gulaire  de  lomoprlate, Releveur de  lomoplate. 
LEVATORES COSTARUM      536                LICHEN
This muscle is so called, because it is attached
to the upper and internal  angle  of the  scapula.
It is situate at the posterior and lateral part of
the  neck, and  at the upper part of the back.  It
is long, flat, and broader above than  below.  In
this latter direction, itis inserted into the supe-
rior  internal angle  of the  scapula; and, in the
former, into the tops of the transverse processes
of the first four cervical vertebras.   It depresses
the  prominence of the  shoulder, by  raising tbe
posterior angle  of the scapula, on  which it im-
presses a kind  of rotary motion.  It can,  also,
draw the head to one side.
  Levator Ure'thra?;,  (F.) Releveur de I'Ure-
thre.   Santorini  describes under  this  name a
portion of  the transversus perinasi muscle.
  LEVATORES  COSTARUM, Supracostales.
  LEVEN, Ferment.
  LEVER, from  levare,  'to  lift  up.'' Veetis,
31,-rchlus, Porrec'tum.  An  inflexible rod, turning
round a fixed  point, and used for moving bodies,
bearing burdens, or raising them.  The  point on
which the  lever moves is called the Fulcrum, Hy-
pomoelllion.  The force which moves the  lever
is called the power ; and the weight to be moved,
the resistance.   There are three kinds of levers.
A lever of the first kind has the fulcrum between
tbe power  and resistance.   A lever  of the second
kind has the resistance between  the fulcrum and
power; whilst a lever ofi the third  hinel has  the
 power between  the fulcrum and resistance.  In
the  locomotive  system of  the human body, we
have examples of all the three kinds.  The bones
represent levers;  the muscles  of locomotion  are
powers; the  weight of parts to be moved  con-
stitutes the resistance.  The fulcra, are,  at times,
the joints; at others, the ground, &c.  The head
moves on the  neck, as a lever  of the first kind;
the  first cervical  vertebra  forming the  fulcrum.
We rise on tiptoe by a lever of the second  kind,
the  fulcrum being the ground  under the  toes;
and we have  examples of a lever of the  third
kind in the flexion of the fore-arm on the arm, in
the elevation of the arm. <fcc.
  Lever,  Hystero-moch'linm, 3Iochlis'cus,  Vcctis
obstetric' ins,  Veetis, (F.) Levier, is an instrument
curved at  the extremity, and having a  fenestra.
It is used to  assist the extraction  of the child's
head, when instrumental aid is  necessary.  Le-
vers are, also, used by the dentist for extracting
stumps, &c.   The Levier de I'Ecluse, Langne de
 Carpe, Trivelin  or Punch, is  employed for  ex-
tracting the molar teeth.
  LEVI'ATHAN  PENIS, Pria'pus  Ceti, Bale'-
nas.  The penis of the whale.  This singular me-
dicine  was, at  one time,  given in  powder, in
cases of dysentery and leucorrhoea,
  LEVIER,  Lever—I. de I'Ecluse, see Lever.
  LEVIGATION, L'eeviga'tio,  from  lavigure,
lad go'turn, (lavis, 'smooth,')  'to polish.'  Por-
phyriza'tion.  An operation, by which bodies are
reduced to very fine powder.   It is performed by
putting substances, already pulverized, into water;
the coarser parts are not long in  being deposited,
whilst  the finer  molecules remain  suspended in
the  water.  The liquor is  decanted into another
vessel,  and suffered to remain at rest, until the
fine particles  are collected at the  bottom.   The
fluid part is then  separated by deeantation.
  LEVISTICUM, Ligusticum levisticum.
  LEVRE, Lip.
  LEVRES  GR ANDES, Labia pudendi—/. Pe-
tite*, Nvmphas—I. de la Vulve, Labia pudendi.
  LEVURE, Yest—/.  de la Biere, Yest.
  LEXIPHARMACIIS. Alexipharmic.
  LEXIPYRETICUS, Febrifuge.
  LEY, Lixivium, Lye—1. Soap, Liquor  potassas.
  LEYS'SERA  GNAPHALOI'DES.  A  South
African plant, Nut. Ord.  Compositae, which  ij
emollient, and highly recommended at the Cape,
in catarrh, cough, and  even in phthisis.
  LEZARD, Lizard.
  LI AN A REGLISSE, Abrus precatorius.
  LIATRIS  SPICA'TA,  Guyfcather,  Button
snakeroot.   Ord.  Compositae.   An  indigenous
plant, growing in meadows and moist grounds  in
the Middle and Southern  States.  Its beautiful
purple compound flowers  are in a spike.  They
appear in August.   The root has been considered
diuretic.
  Lia'tris  Scario'sa  and  L.  Squarro'sa,
Throatwort, Sow-wort,  Backache root,  Devilsbite,
Blazing  star, Prairie pines,  Rough root, are
called  from their reputed  powers in bites from
the rattlesnake, Rattlesnake's master.   The roots,
bruised, are applied to  the  wound, and the decoc-
tion, in milk, is given  internally.
  LIBANOTIS  ANNUA, Athamanta cretensis
— 1. Coronaria, Rosmarinus — 1. Cretensis, Atha-
manta cretensis—1.  Hirsuta, Athamanta cretensis,
  LIBANOTUS, see Juniperus lycia.
  LIBANUS, Juniperus lycia.
  LIBER  PHARMACEUTICUS,  Dispensato-
rium.
  LIBIDINIS SEDES, Clitoris.
  LIBIDINOSUS, Libidinous.
  LIBID'INOUS,  Libidino'sus, Lasclvits, Ye-
neriv'agus ; from libido, ' lust,' Lecllerous, Lick'-
orous.   Lewd; lustful.
  LIBI'DO.  Desire,  necessity.  Authors speak
of  Libido uri'na.  Libido  intestlni.  Some em-
ploy it synonymously with Prurigo ; others, with
Sulac."ilns, Lnbi'do, Hi'meros.
  LIBOS, from Xcifiu, 'to drop.'  A defluxion
from tbe eyes.—Galen.
  LIBRA.  Pound.
   LKHANOS, Index, see Digitus.
  LICHE. Body..
  LICHEN, Xttxnv or  Xi-\nv, (pronounced li'ktn,)
Exor'mia  Lichen,  Leiehen, Serpigo,  Volitt'ien,
Pap'ula, P. sicca,  Peti'go, Pustula sicca,  Scn'-
bies sicca seu o'gria, Licheni'asis adulter''mm,
Li'chenousrash, (F.) Gale siche, Dartre furfuracie
volante,  Ponssie.   The  cutaneous affection de-
scribed under this name by the Greek writers,  is
not clearly defined.  Some have believed it to be
Impetigo, but this is doubtful. The name is, now,
generally applied  to  a  diffuse eruption of red
pimples, accompanied  by a troublesome sense of
tingling or pricking.   Drs. Willan and Bateman
define it, — "an  extensive eruption  of  papulas
affecting  adults, connected with internal disor-
der, usually terminating in scurf; recurrent, not
contagious."  One  of their varieties, however,
the Lichen  Tropicus,  does not accord well with
this definition; for it  affects children as well  a-i
adults, and is  unconnected with internal dis-
order.
   LlCHEN A'GRIUS, Z. A'gria, Exor'mia Lichen
ferns, Lichen ferns, Ptip'nlu a'gria, Wild Lichen,
is distinguished by pimples in clusters or  patches,
surrounded by a red  halo;  the  cuticle growing
gradually harsh, thickened, and chappy, often
preceded by general  irritation.  In  addition  to
antiphlogistics, a cooling ointment may  be used,
to allay itching.
   Lichen Barbatus  Plicatus, L. plicatus.
   Lichen Circumscrip'tus  is characterized by
clusters or patches  of  papulae,  having a well de-
fined margin, and  an  irregularly circular  form:
continuing for six or eicrht  weeks.  These varieties
require but little  medical treatment.  The anti-
phlogistic plan is all that is necessary.
   Lichen Ferus, Lichen  agrius.
   Lichen  Liv'idus.  The papulae have a dark
red or livid hue,  without any fever.  They ars 
LICHEN  PILARIS
53 7
LIENTERY
 more permanent in this variety.  It requires the '
 mineral acids and bark.
   Lichen  Pii.a'ris, Exor'mia  Lichen pilaris, is
 merely a modification of the  preceding;  the pa-
 pubo appearing at the roots of  the hair.
   Lichen  Simplex, Exor'mia  Lichen  simplex,
 consists of an eruption of red papulae, appearing
 first on the face or arms, and afterwards extend-
 ing over  the body; preceded for a few days by
 Flight febrile irritation, which usually ceases when
 tbe eruption appears,—with an unpleasant sense
 of tingling during the night.  It generally dies
 away  in ten days or a fortnight.
   Lichen  Trop'icus,  Exormia Lichen tropicus,
 Et-zes'tna,  Es'sera [?],   Sudaniina [?~\,  Prickly
 Ileal, Summer Rash.   The pimples are bright
 red, and of  the size  of a small pin's head ;  with
 heat, itching, and pricking, as  if by needles.  It
 is local; produced by excessive heat; and disap-
 pears  when  the  weather becomes cooler, or the
 individual is inured to the climate.
   Lichen  Urtica'tus,  Z. Unim'sus,  Exor'mia
 Lichen urtico'sus, is  another variety.  The Nettle
 Lichen  consists  of  papulae,  accompanied by
 wheals like those of nettle rash.   A variety of
 this is said to be called, in  America, blights.
   Lichen, Wild, Lichen ngrius.
   Lichen Aphthos us, Peltldea aphtho'sa ;  Ord.
 Lichenaceas; is said to be cathartic and anthel-
 mintic.
   Lichen  Arborum,  Lichen  pulmonarius — 1.
 Barbatus plicatus, Lichen plicatus — /. Blanc de
 Ndge, L. caninus—/. Boitier, L. pyxidatus.
   Lichen  Caninus  seu  spu'rius seu  terres'-
 tds seu  veno'sus seu ciner'eus  terres'tris, 3/nscus
 cani'nus,  Phys'eia niva'lis, Peltig"era  cani'na,
 Peltldta cani'na sou leucorrhi'za  seu ma/a.'cea
 seu aniplis'sima sen  spu'ria, Ash-coloured Ground
 Lii-enrort, (F.)  Lichen contre-rage, Lichen blanc
 tie ndge.  This  cryptogamous  plant was, for  a
 long time, considered capable of preventing and
 curing Rabies canina.  It has, also, been used in
 mania and in spasmodic asthma.
   Lichen Cinereus Terrestris, L. caninus — 1.
 Carrageen,  Fucus crispus—1. Cocciferus, L. pyxi-
 datus— /. contre Rage, L. caninus—/. Entonnoir,
 L. pyxidatus — 1. Eryngifolius,  L. islandicus — 1.
 Floridus  hirtus, L.  plicatus — 1. Hirtus, L. pli-
 catus.
   LlCIIEN  Isi.AN'DICUS, Z. eryngifo'lius, Liche-
 noides Island'icnm, Loba'riu Islaildica, 3Iusens
 Ulnnilicus sen cathar'ticus,  Clndo'nia seu Phys'-
 eia seu Cetra'ria seu Parme'lia  Islaildica, Ice-
 land  Lichen or  Liverwort or 3L,ss, (F.) Lichen
 d'hlnnde, .Mousse marine perlie, 3fousse d'lslande.
 This plant is inodorous, with a  bitter and muci-
 laginous taste.  It is esteemed to bo  tonic, demul-
 cent, and nutrient.  Dose, ,"j to 5Jiv, being  first
 steeped in water holding in  solution  some  car-
 bonate of potassa to extract the bitter, and  then
 boiled in millr.  A bitter principle has  been ex-
 tracted from it. termed Cetrarin,  Cetrari'num,
 Cetra'ria in. which has been given in intermittents.
   Lichen L vciniatus, L. saxatilis—1. Parietinus,
 Parmelia parietina.
   Lichen Plica'tus, Z. hirtus seu barlra'tus  pli-
 ca'ins sen Floridus hirtus, Parme'lia plica'ta, Us-
 n-'n plica'ta, U. Flor'ida hirta  seu hirta, 3Iiiscus
 nrbo'rens seu allrns sen qnernus,  Qucrci'ni Herba.
 This plant is apnlied, by the Laplanders, as an
 astringent,  to bleeding vessels; and  to parts
 which are excoriated after long journeys.
   Lichen  Pulmona'iuus,  L.  ar'linrnm  seu rrti-
 cula'tus, Parme'lia pnlmona'cea, Iteticula'ria  o/ft-
 diia'lis, 3fuscus pithnonarius qiicrci'nns, Piihnontl-
ria arbo'rea,  Loba'rin puhimnnrin, Sticta  pulmo- j
»"'ceu, Oul- Lungs, Tree  Lungwort,  Hazel Crot-
'/<■», Hazelraic, (F.)  Lichen piilmonaire,  Piilmo-
naire en arbre ou tie clique.  This plant is  sub- [
 astringent, and rather acid.  It was once in high
 repute for curing diseases of  the lungs.
   Lichen Pvxida'tus,  3fitscus Pyxida'tus, Scy-
 phoph'orus pyxida'tus, 31 us'cuius  pyxo'i'des ter-
 res'tris, Lichen pyxida'tus major seu  cocciferus,
 Herba  Ignis,  Cup  3loss, (F.) Lichen entonnoir,
 Lichen  Boitier, I.  Pyxitli.  This plant is sub-
 astringent,  and has been  used  in decoction in
 hooping-cough.
   Lichen Reticulatus, L. pulmonarius.
   Lichen Roccel'la,  Parme'lia roccella, Roc-
 cella,  R.  tincto'ria, Seta'rin  roccelltt,  Litmus,
 Lacmus, L. tincto'rius,  Or chill, Cana'ry Archell,
 Chiuney Weed. Herb Archell, (F.)  Orseille.  The
 chief use of this  plant  is  as a blue dye.   It has
 been employed to allay  cough in phthisis, <fec.
   Lichen Saxat'ilis, Z. tincto'rius seu lacinia'-
 tns, Parme'lia saxalHis, Imbrica'ria saxalHis,
 Loba'riu saxat'ilis,  3Iuscus Cra'nii huma'ni, Us-
 ne'a. This moss, when found growing  on a human
 skull, was formerly in  high  estimation against
 head affections, &c.
   Lichen Spurius,  L. caninus — 1. Stellatus,
 Marchantia polymorpha—1. Tinctorius, L.  Saxa-
 tilis—1. Wall,  yellow, Pnrmelia parietina.
   LICHENIASIS  ADULTORUM,   Lichen —1.
 Strophulus, Strophulus.
   LICHENOIDES  ISLANDICUM,  Lichen Is-
 landicus.
   LICKOROUS. Libidinous.
   LICINIUM, Tent.
   LICORICE. Glycyrrhiza.
   LICULMEN, Garum.
   LIEB'ENSTEIN, MINERAL  WATERS OF,
 These waters,  situated in the duchy of Saxe-Mei
 ningen, are amongst the strongest acidulous cha-
 lybeates in Germany.  They  contain  sulphate of
 soda, chloride  of sodium, sulphate of lime, chlo-
 ride of calcium, carbonate of lime,  chloride  of
 magnesium, and carbonate of iron.
   LIEBERKUHN'S GLANDS or FOLLICLES,
 Glan'dula seu Crypta Lieberhiihnia'ria, so  called
 from their first describer, are  fine, capillary, blind
 sacs, the  openings of which  are from l-20th to
 l-30th  of a line  in diameter, so  closely placed
 over the whole of the small  intestine as to give
 the mucous  membrane  a  general  sieve-like  or
 perforated app'earance.   They secrete the suceus
 entericus.
   LIEBERSCHE  AUSZEHRUNG'S KRAU-
 TElt, see  Galeopsis  grandiflora —  1. Brust-
 krauter, see  Galeopsis grandiflora.
   LIEBWERDA,  MINERAL MATERS  OF.
 Liebwerda is a Bohemian village, near the  Sile-
 sian frontier.   The springs are much  frequented.
 There are four, all of which are  rich  in carbonio
 acid, and contain but little saline matter.
   LIEGE, Suber.
   LIEN (F.),  Vin'culum.   A band, strap or gar-
 ter, used in certain  operations; as to  tie patients
 during the operation of lithotomy ; to fix the ap-
 paratus in fracture,  <fec.   Also, the spleen.
   LIEN ACCESSORIES.  Lienculus—1. Ingens,
 Splenoncus—1. Succenturiatus, Lienculus.
   LIEN'CULUS,  diminutive  of  lien, 'spleen,'
 Lien  succenturia'tus  seu accesso'rius.   A super-
 numerary spleen.
   LIENITIS,  Splenitis.
   LIENOSUS. Splenic.
   LI'ENTERY, Lienter'ia, from Ano?. 'smooth,'
 'slippery,' and  evrepov, 'intestine '  La'vitas seu
 Lax'itas  intestino'rum,   Dittrrhce'a   lienter'ia,
 Fluxus  Lienter'icus,  Chymorilne'a seu Lax'itas
 ingesto'rum, Bromatoec'crisis. Dinrrhce'a Di/spep'-
 tica  seu c»ni Apepsid seu Ingesto'rum, Slip'peri-
ness ofi the Guts.  Frequent liquid  evacuations,
the food only  half  digested.   This condition  is
always  symptomatic of  great irritation in the 
LIERRE
538
LIGAMENT
intestinal  canal,  the sensibility  of which is so
much  augmented  that it cannot bear the sojourn
of the food in it.
  LIERRE, Hedera helix—/. Grimpant, Hedera
helix—/. Terrestre, Glechoma hederacea.
  LIFE, Sax. lip, lyp, Vita, Bios,Blote, Bi'otos,
Zoe, Pneumu, Spir'itus, (F.) Vie.  The state of
organized beings,  during  which,  owing  to  the
union of  an unknown  force  with matter,  they
are  capable  of  performing functions  different
from those that regulate other natural bodies; all
of which functions, however numerous and diver-
sified, work  to  one end.   Life has  only a  limited
duration ; beyond which,—the organic  functions
ceasing  to be executed,—the body is given up to
the  agency  of chemical affinity.   Hence  Bichat
has  defined life to be—rAe aggregate of the func-
tions which resist death.   Ou account  of the  dif-
ference  that exists among the vital functions, he
applied  the  term Organic Life to the  functions
inservient to composition and decomposition;—
as  digestion,  respiration, circulation,  calorifica-
tion,  absorption,  secretion, and  nutrition;  and
Animal  Life, to the functions which connect man
and animals with external bodies; as the under-
standing, sensations, locomotion and voice.
   Life-Blood.   A  term, commonly  used for a
twitching or quivering of the eyelids—a kind of
involuntary or muscular tic.   See Cillo.
   Life, Duration of, see Longevity.
   Life   Everlasting,  Gnaphalium  margarita-
ceum—1. Everlasting, plantain, Antennaria plnn-
taginifolia — 1. Everlasting, sweet-scented, Gna-
phalium polycephalum.
   Life, Expectation of, see Longevity.
   Life-Insu'rance.  A  contract entered  into,
usually  by an  insurance company, to  pay a  cer-
tain  sum of money on  a  person's death,  on the
condition of  his  paying an  annual  premium
during  bis life.   The medical practitioner may
be applied to to certify that, the life of the insured
is one that is insurable according to the rules of
 the company.
   Life  Root,  Senecio nurens.
   Life, Value of. see Longevity, and Mortality.
   Life's Blood, Life-blood, Cillo.
   LIG'AMENT, Ligumeiltuin ; from ligarc. liga-
tuni, 'to bind;' Desmos, Syrules'mos, Colliga'men,
 Co j l ula.  A  name  given  to fibrous  structures,
which serve to unite bones, and to form articula-
tions; hence  the division into interosseous  and
articular ligaments.  They are of a white, close
texture; are but little extensible, and  difficult to
break.  The name ligament has, also,  been given
to any membranous fold, which retains an organ
in its  situation.

      Table of the Principal Ligaments.
                     (Capsular ligament.

                     ^Ssu^^  °f   ^
                     Lateral ligament.
                     Two capsular ligaments between
                       atlas and head.
                     Circular ligament.
                     Two capsular between atlas and
                       axis.
                                    gament.
                                 or moderator  liga-
                       ments.
                     Transverse ligament and its ap-
                       pendices.
                     Anterior common.
                     Crucial intervertebral.
                     Ligaments  running  from  the
                       edge of the bony arch and spi-
                       nous  process of one vertebra
                       to that of the next.
                     Interspinous ligament.
                     Ligamentum nuchae.
                     Intertransverse.
                     Capsular.
                    L Posterior or internal common.
2.   Connecting   the
  Head with the first
  and  secant!  Verb- j p     (liftular M
  bra, and these with  T  f , fe  t   =
  each other.
8.  Of the other Verte-
       bra.
4.  Of the Bibs, Ster-
     num, dc.
5. Of the Pelvis..
6. Ofthe Clavicle....
7.  Ofthe Scapula.
 \ Capsular of the bead of ribs.
  Capsular of the tubercles.
  Ligaiiicnta   tiansveisaiia   in
    tenia.
  Liganscuta   transversaria   ex-
    terna.
  Ligamenta   cervicis  costarum
    externa.
  Ligamentous  fibres   running
    from  the  margins of the ex-
    tremities of the ribs  to  the
    corresponding cartilages.
  Radiated ligaments from carti-
    lage of ribs to the sternum.
  Capsular ligaments of the carti-
    lages of the ribs.
  Proper membrane of sternum.
  L. of cartilago-ensifomiis.
  Tendinous expansions over  tho
    iutercostales, kc.

  Two transverse,—one  superior,
    one interior.
  Ilio-saeral.
  Capsular of  the sacro-iliac syn-
    chondrosis.
  Two  saci-o-iscliintic, — posterior
. -;   and anterior, with the superior
    and inferior appendices.
  Longitudinal of os coccygis.
  Inguinal ligament.
  Capsular of symphysis pubis.
  Ligament  of  foramen  thyroi-
    deum.

  Radiated ligament.
  Capsular.
  Interclavicular.
  Ligamentum rhomboideum.
  Claviculo-aoromial.
  Couoid.
  Trapezoid.

  Anterior triangular.
  Proper posterior.
8. Of the  SJtoulder
       Joint.
\ Capsular.
                    Capsular.
                    lirachio-ulnar.
                    ISrachio-radial.
                    Coronary of the radius.
                    Anterior and posterior acces-
                      sory.
                    Intermuscular of  the os hu-
                   L  meri.
                   I Interosseous ligament.
                    Oblique or chorda  transversalis
                      cubiti.
                    Capsular.
                    {Capsular.
                    Two lateral.
                    Mucous.
                    (Annular.
                    Capsular.
                    Short    ligaments. — oblique,
                      transverse,  capsular,   and
                      proper.
13.  Between
  and
9.  Of the Elbow-Joint.-
10. Carpal Extremity
  of Haiti ns andVlna.
  and  between  those
  bones.

11. Between Fore-arm
     and Wrist.
          M-tacarrral LArf'eu'ar lateral.
                ■P  f Straight, perpendicular, &c.

14. Between the extre- ("Interosseous, at the bases and
  mities ofthe, Meta-J.  heads, — dorsal,  lateral, pal-
  carpal bones.      (  mar.
15. At the base of the)
  Metacarpal bone of
  the Thumb, and at
  the first joint of the
  Fingers.           J
16.  Of the  first and]
  second joints  of the
  Thumb, and second
  and third joints of
  the Fingers.       j
Capsular.
Lateral.
Capsular.
Lateral.
17.  Retaining
  Tendons   of
Annular.
Vagina! or flexor tendons.
Vaginal  or crucial  of  the pbfv-
  liing«s.
Mas,-leg of the TIand \ Accessory  of  the  flexor ten-
and
situ.
Fingers   in
  dons.
Posterior annular.
Vaginal of extensors.
Transverse of extensors. 
LIGAMENT               539                  LIGIIT
18. Ctmnectina- the Os
  Pernor!* with t/ie Os
  innt/miuatuni.
19. Oftlte Knee*Joint.
20. Connecting Fibula
    and Tibia.
21.  Connecting   the
  Tarsal  with  the
  Leg Bones.
22. Of the Tarsus..
I Capsular and accessory slips.
 Round or teres ligament.
 Cartilaginous ligament.
 Double cartilaginous ligament.
 Ligamenta mucosa.
 f Lateral, — internal and  exter-
   nal.
 External  short   lateral  liga-
   ment.
 Posterior ligament.
 Ligament of the patella.
 Capsular.
 Ligamentum  alare, — majus  et
   minus.
 Ligamentum mucosum.
 Two crucial,—anterior and pos-
   terior.
 [Transverse.
 Capsular.
 Interosseous.
 Anterior superior.
 Posterior superior.
 Anterior ligament of the  fibula.
 Posterior of fibula.
 Delt.oides of tibia.
 _ Capsular.
 Capsular.
 Short ligaments.
 Capsular, broad  superior, and
   lateral ligaments, connecting
   astragalus and  naviculare.
 Superior, lateral, and inferior,
   fixing os calcis  to os cuboides.
 Long,  oblique, and rhomboid,
   forming  the  inferior liga-
   ments.
 Superior superficial,  interosse-
   ous  and  inferior transverse
   ligaments, fixing the os navi-
   culare and os cuboides.
 Superior lateral,  and plantar,
   which fix  the  os naviculare
   and cuneiform.
 Superior superficial  and  plan-
   tar,  connecting  the  os cu-
   boides. and os cuneiforme ex-
   ternum.
 Dorsal  and plantar, uniting the
   ossa cuneiformia.
 The proper  capsular of each
   bone.
 f Capsular.
 Dorsal, plantar, lateral, straight,
 (.  oblique, and transverse.
 (Dorsal,  plantar,  and lateral.
   connecting   the  metatarsal
   bones.
 Transverse ligaments.
/Capsular.
( Lateral.
 Annular.
 Vaginal of the tendons of the
   peronei.
 Laciniated.
 Vaginal of  the tendon of the
   flexor longus pollicis.
 Vaginal and  crucial of the ten-
   dons  of the flexors of the
   toes.
 Accessory of the flexor tendons
   of the toes.
 Transverse of the extensor ten-
   dons.
   Ligament, anterior, of the Bladder.  A
 name given by the older anatomists  to a  por-
 tion  of  the  superior  pelvic  aponeurosis,  which
 becomes attached to the front of  the neck of the
 bladder.
   LIGAMENT ARTER1EL,  Arterial ligament
 —1. Camper's, Perineal fascia—1. Cervical supra-
 spinal, see Supraspinosa  ligamenta—-/. Ciliaire,
 Ciliary ligament.
   Lie iment, Cor'onary, of  the Liver, is a re-
flection  formed  by the peritoneum, between  the
posterior margin of the liver, and the lower sur-
face of the diaphragm.  See Falx.
   Ligament, Costo-xiphoid, Xiphoid  ligament
—/.  DenteU,  Denticulatum  ligamentum—/.  Den-
ticuli,  Denticulatum   ligamentum — 1.  Dorso-
23.  Beiuvrn  Tarsus
  and Metatarsus.
24.  Connecting   the
  Metatarsal Bones.

25. Of the Phalanges
    of the Toes.
26.  Retaining   the
  Tendinis  of   the
  Muscles of the Foot
  and Toes in situ.
 lumbo-supraspinal, see Supra-spinosa ligamenta
 — 1. of Fallopius, Crural arch — 1. Gimbernat's,
 see Gimbernat's ligament—1. Glossepiglottic, see
 Glossepiglottic—1. Infra-pubian, Triangular liga-
 ment— /. Interepinenx, Interspinal ligament — 1.
 of the Ovary, see Ovarium—1. Palmar inferior,
 Metacarpal ligament — 1. Poupart's, Crural arch
 —/. llond, Teres ligamentum—/. Sur-epineu.c cer-
 vical, see  Supra-spinosa ligamenta—/. Sur-epi-
 neux-dorso-lombaire, see Supra-spinosa ligamenta
 —1. Suspensory, of the liver, see Suspensory—1.
 Triangular, Perineal  fascia.
   LIGAMENTA  ALARIA, Odontoid ligaments
 — 1. Apicum, see  Interspinal ligament — 1. Coli-
 see Colon—1. Interlobularia pulmonuin, Interlo-
 bular tissue — 1.  Intervertebralia,  Intervertebral
 cartilages — 1.  Lata uteri,  see  Uterus — 1. Mau-
 charti,  Odontoid  ligaments — 1.  Rotunda uteri,
 Round  ligaments of  the uterus — 1. Tarsea lata,
 see Tarsea lata (ligamenta).
   L1GAMEXTEUX, Ligamentous.
   LTGAMENTOSUS, Ligamentous.
   LIG AMEN'TOUS,  Ligamento'sus,   Desmans,
 Desmo'sus, (F.) Ligamenteux, Desmeux.  Having
 the character of, or relating to,  a ligament.
   LIGAMENTS.  BROAD, OP THE UTERUS,
 see Uterus—/. Croises, Crucial ligaments—/. Crn-
 ciformes,  Crucial  ligaments — /. Jaitnes,  Yellow
 ligaments — /. Larges de Interns, see  Uterus — 1.
 of the  Larynx, inferior,  Thyreo-arytenoid liga-
 ments—/. Roods de Intents, Round ligaments of
 the uterus.
   LIGAMENTUM,  Ligament —1.  Arteriosum,
 see Arterial duct—1. Capsulare, Capsular ligament
 —1. Ciliare, Ciliary ligament—1. Conoides, Conoid
 ligament—1. Dentatum, Denticulatum  ligamen-
 tum—1. Fallopii,  Crural arch — 1. Iridis,"Ciliary
 ligament—1.  Latum, Suspensory ligament of the
 liver—1.  Membranaceum,  Glosso-epiglottie liga-
 ment—1. Nuchae, Cervical ligament—1.  Posticum
 Winslowii, see  Genu — 1.  Suspensorium dentis,
 see Odontoid ligaments—1. Suspensorium hepatis,
 Suspensory ligament of the liver—1. Suspenso-
 rium testis, Gubernaculum testis—1. Teres. Teres
 ligamentum—1. Trapezoides, Trapezoid  ligament
 —1. Triangulare, Triangular ligament.
   LIGATE,  see Ligature.
   LIGATIO, Fascia, Ligature—1. Linguae, Apho-
 nia.
   LIGATION, see Ligature.
   LIGATURA, Ligature,  Fascia —1.  Glandis,
 Phimosis.
   LIG'ATUBE, Ligatn'ra, Lr'ga'tio, All'igatlira,
 Deliga'tio, Yinctu'ra, Fascia,  Epid'esis.   This
 word has various acceptations.  It means, 1. The
 thread with  which an  artery or vein is tied, to
 prevent or arrest  hemorrhage.   2. The cord, or
 thread, or wire, used  for removing tumours,  <te.
 3. The bandage used  for phlebotomy.   Ligature
 is, also, sometimes applied to the act of tying  an
 artery or considerable vessel—Lign'tion, and oc-
 casionally we meet with the  terms to ligature and
 to ligate, used unnecessarily  in this sense, in place
 of to  take up or tie a vessel.   When the artery
 alone is tied,  the ligature is  said to be immediate ;
 when any of  the surrounding parts are included,
 it is said to be  mediate.  The ligature occasions
 obliteration or adhesion of the  arterial  parietes,
 by cutting through the middle and internal coats ;
 the adhesion being favoured by  the formation  of
 a  coagulum,  which acts,  in some degree, as  a
 barrier against the  impulse ofthe blood, and sub-
 sequently disappears by absorption.
   LIGIIT,  Sax. leohc,  lihc, (G.) Licht,  Lux
Lumen, Phos, (P.)  Lumih-e.   An extremely rare
fluid ; diffused over the universe ; emanating from
the sun  and fixed stars;  traversing more than
four millions  of leagues in  a minute;  passing
through  transparent bodies, which refract it  ac- 
LIGHTNING              540                LIMATIO
cording to their density and combustibilitj'; and
arrested by opake bodies, by which it is reflected
at an angle equal to  the angle  of incidence.   It
is the cause of colour in all bodies, being entirely
reflected by white surfaces and absorbed by black.
It is decomposed in  passing through a transpa-
rent prism into seven rays—red, orange, yellow,
green,  blue, purple, and violet.
  Light acts  upon the body as'a gentle and salu-
tary stimulus.  It urges to exercise, whilst pri-
vation of it induces sleep and inactivity, and dis-
poses to obesity.   Hence it is, that, in  rural eco-
nomy, animals which are undergoing the process
of fattening are  kept in obscurity.   When vege-
tables  are deprived of light, their nutrition is in-
terfered with, and  they becom-o etiolated.  To a
certain extent this applies to animals,  and there
is every reason to believe, that want  of light pre-
vents  the due development of  organized bodies.
It has been found that, when  tadpoles were  de-
prived of light,  they did not undergo the perfect
metamorphosis into  the frog, but that monstrosi-
ties from  arrest of development were induced.
  LIGHTNING, Astrape.
  LIGHTS,  Pulmo —1. Rising of the, Cynanche
trachealis.
   LIGXE,  Line — /.  Apre, Linea aspera — /.
Blanche, Linea  alba—/. Coitrbe, Curved line — /.
Mediane.  de  labdomen, Linea alba—/. Sous-tro-
chanterienne, Linea  aspera,
   LIG'NEOUS, Ligno'sus, (F.) Lignenx. Woody.
Having the character or appearance of wood ; as
' Ligue'ous Scirrhus,' or S. of the mamma, which
has for its principal characteristics, hardness, the
inextensibility of wood, and no defined limits.—
Velpeau.   A form  of this, in  plates, or diffused
over the  mammary integuments, is termed,  by
 M. Velpeau, Squirre en cuirasse.
   LIGNIN, from lignum, 'wood.'  Ligneous or
woody fibre; the fibrous  structure  of vegetable
 substances.
   LIGNUM ALOES,  Agallochum—1. Aspalathi,
 Agallochum—1. Benedictum, Guaiacum—1. Brasi-
lianuin rubrum, Haematoxylon campechianum—
 1.  Cicruleum, Haematoxylon campechianum—1.
 Campechense, Haematoxylon campechianum — 1.
 Campechianum, Haematoxylon campechianum —
 1. Campescanum, Haematoxylon campechianum—
 1.  Colubrinum, see Strychnos — 1.  Febrifugum,
 Quassia — 1. Haematoxyli, ILcmatoxylon  campe-
 chianum—1. Indicum,  Guaiacum, Haeciatoxylon
 campechianum—1. Infelix, Sambucus—1 Nephri-
 ticum, Guilandina Moringa (the wood)—1. Pava-
 r;e, Croton  tiglium—1. Quassias, see Quassia — 1.
 Sanctum, Guaiacum — 1. Sandalinum,  see Ptero-
 carpus santalinus—1. Sappan, Haematoxylon cam-
 pechianum—1.  Serpentum, Ophioxylum serpenti-
 num—1. Vitae, Guaiacum.
    LIGNYODES, Fuliginous.
    LIGNYS, Fuligo.
    LIG'ULA, Liilgnla, 'a small tongue, a tongue
 of land; the tongue  of  a shoe.'  The clavicle;
 also,  the glottis and epiglottis.  A  measure  con-
 taining 3 drachms  and  a scruple,  or  about  half
 an ounce.  Also, a species of bandage  or ligature.
 —Scribonius.
    LIGUSTICUM,  L. Levisticum.
    Ligusticum  Act.ioifo'lium.  Thas'pium. actai-
 fo'lium,  Angelica lu'cida, Angelica Nendo, White
 root,  indigenous :  Orel. Umbelliferae.  The root is
 aromatic and carminative.
    Ligusticum  Capillaceum,  .Ethusa meum — 1.
 Carvi, Carum—1. Fcenieulum,  Anethum.
    Ligus'ticum Levis'ticum. from AtyvtrriKos, ap-
 pertaining to Liguria.  Levis'ticum, Laserpitium
 Germailicum, Lignsti"inn. Angelica  levis'ticum
 seu paludapifio'lia, Lovage,  (F.)  Liviche, Ache
 des montac/ites.   Ord.  Umbelliferae.   The  pro-
perties of this plant are said to bo stimulant, car-
minative, emmenagoguc.  &c.
  Ligusticum Meum, -Ethusa meum—1. Phellan-
drium, Phellandrium aquaticum.
  Ligusticum  Fovaiira'hi A, Podagra'ria agopo'-
dittm, ^Egopo'd'aim seu Sison podttgr-tlria,  I'im-
pinella angelica fo'lia, Sium vnlga're, Trngoseli'-
num angelica, Scs'cli agopo'dium, Angelica syl-
vestris, Gout-treed.  A British  plant, once con-
sidered useful in cases of gout.
  Ligusticum Silaus, Peucedanum silaus.
  LIGUSTRUM  ^EGYPTIACUM, Lawsonia in-
ermis.
  Ligus'trum Vulga're,  Privet, Privy,  Prim,
(F.)  Tro'ene.  Ord.  Oleaceae.  A shrub,  which
grows wild  both  in Europe and  in the  United
States, usually in  hedges.   The leaves are astrin-
gent and bitter; and the  flowers, which are snow-
white, and of an  agreeable odour, have been em-
ployed in decoction, in sore throat, and ulcerous
stomatitis.  The berries are said to be cathartic.
  LIGYSMA, Distortion.
  LILAC, COMMON, Syringa vulgaris—1. Vul-
garis, Syringa vulgaris.
  LILI, Lilium Paracelsi.
  LILIA'GO.  Dim. of Lilium,  the lily; Spi-
derwort; Lilias'trum.  This plant was formerly
said to be alexipharmic and carminative.
  LTLIASTBUM, Liliago.
  LIL'IUM CAN'DIDUM, L.  album,  Crinon.
The white lily.   (F.) Lis blanc.   Ord. Liliacese.
The infusion of the flowers of the lily in olive oil
is emollient, and  often applied externally, under
the name  of  Lily oil, (F.) Huile de lis.  The
scales of the bulb, roasted, are  sometimes em-
ployed as maturatives.
  Lilium Convallium, Convallaria maialis.
  Lilium  Paracel'si,   Tinctn'ra  Metallo'ncm,
Lili.  A medicine employed by  Paracelsus.   It
was prepared by  melting in a crucible four ounces
of  each of the following alloys: Antimony and
iron, antimony and tin, antimony and copper, pre-
viously mixed  with eighteen ounces of nitrate  of
potassa  and as much salt of tartar.  The melted
mass, when pulverized, was treated with rectified
alcohol, which really dissolved only the potassa set
at  liberty by the decomposition  experienced by
the nitre and salt of tartar.  The Lilium Pm-acelsi
was used as a cordial.   It entered into the com-
position ofthe theriacal elixir, &c.
   LILY, GROUND, Trillium latifolium—1. May,
 Convallaria maialis—1. Pond, Nelumbium luteum
 —1. Pond, White, Nymphaea odorata —1. Pond,
 yellow,  Nuphar advena — 1. Toad,  Nymphaea
 odorata—1. of the Valley, Convallaria maialis—1.
 Water,  little,  Brasenia  hydropeltis — 1.  Water,
 sweet,   Nymphaea  odorata — 1.   Water,   sweet-
 scented, Nymphaea odorata—l.Water,white, Nym-
 phaea alba—1. Water, yellow, Nymphaea lutea—1.
 White, Lilium candidum. Nelumbium luteum.
    LIMA, CLIMATE OP.  The climate of Peru
 does not appear to be favourable to the genera-
 tion of consumption : and Lima would  seem to
 be a good residence for the phthisical valetudina-
 rian.  Many have been  benefited by a residence
 there ; but when tbey have gone farther south, aa
 to Chili, the effect, according to Dr. M. Burrough,
 has generally been fatal..
    LIMA DENTARIA, Scalprum dentarium.
    LIMAQ1EN  (F.), from  limaqon, (Umax, lima-
 cis,  'the snail,') 'the   cochlea  of the  ear.'   A
 branch  of the acoustic or labyrinthic nerve sent
 to the cochlea.
    LIMAQON, Cochlea,  Helix pomatia, Limax—
 /.  llampes  dn, see Cochlea.
    LIMACUM CORNUA, see  Lachrymal puncta.
    LIMANCHIA, Abstinence.
    LIMA'TTO, from limn, limatum, 'to file.'   Fi-
 ling : an operation employed by the dentist moro 
LIMATURA  FERRI          54
especially to  prevent immediate  contact of the
teeth with each other.
  LIMATURA FERRI, Ferri Limatura.
  Ll.M \X, Xii/jui^, AetuaKos, Helix, Slug or Snail,
(F.) Liinat}<rn, Colinaicon, Escargot.  A syrup has
been prepared from these animals, which has been i
given in phthisis, &c.  The raw snails have also
been  taken in consumption.   They  have  been
used as food.
  LIMB, Membrum.
  LIMBUS ALVEOLARIS, Alveolar border—
1. Fossae Ovalis, see  Ovalis fossa  — 1. Luteus re-
tinae, see Foramen centrale—1. Posterior corporis
etriati. Taenia semicircularis.
  LIME.  A fruit like a small lemon, the juice
of  which is strongly acid, and  is much used for
making punch.  It is, also, used in long voyages
as an antiscorbutic, &e.   It is a species of lemon,
the fruit of Citrus acida.
  Lime, Calx—1. Carbonate of, Creta—1. Chloride
of,  Calcis chloridum—1. Chlorite  of, Calcis chlo-
ridum—1. Chloruret of,  Calcis chloridum—1. Hy-
drate of, see Calx — 1.  Hydrosulphate of, Calcis
sulphuretum — 1. Hypochlorite  of, Calcis chlori-
dum—1. Muriate of, solution of, see Calcis murias
—1. Oxymuriate of, Calcis chloridum—1. Phos-
phate  of, see  Cornu ustum—1. Bone phosphate
of,  see Cornu ustum—1. Slaked, see Calx—1. Sul-
phuret of, Calcis sulphuretum.
  Lime Tree, Tilia—1. Water, Liquor calcis — 1.
Water, compound, Liquor calcis compositus.
  LIMICUS, Hungry.
  LI.MITROPIIES,  see Trisplanchnic nerve.
  LIMNE, Marsh.
  LIMNE'MIC, Limna'mic, Limnhe'mic,  Lim-
 na'miens, Limnha'miens, from  Xt/ivrj, ' a marsh,'
 and 'uijud, 'blood.'  An epithet given to affections
 induced by paludal  emanations ; (F.) Affections
 lirnnlicrniqnes.
  LIMOCTONTA, Abstinence.   Abstinence  to
 death.  Death from hunger ; from \tuos, ' hunger,'
 and KTovns, 'death.'  Suicide by hunger.
  LI MODES, Hungry.
  LIMON, see Citrus medica.
  LIMONADA, Lemonade.
  LIMO.VADE, Lemonade—I. Gazeuse, see Le-
 monade— /. Seche,  Lemonade,   dry;  see Citric
 acid.
  LIMONIUM, Statice limonium—1.  Malum, see
 Citrus medica.
  LIMONUM BACCA, see Citrus medica.
  LIMO-PHTHI'SIS,  from Xtuoe, ' hunger,' and
tbOtats,  'wasting.'   Wasting  from  privation  of
 food.
  LIMOS. \tuoc, 'hunger.'  Hence:
  LIMO'SIS, Stomach disease,  Morbid appetite.
A genus in the class Coeliaca, order Enterica,  of
 Good.
  Limosis Cardialgia Moroens, Cardialgia—1.
Cardialgia sputatoria, Pyrosis—1. Dyspepsia, Dys-
pepsia—1. Expers, Anorexia—1. Expers protracta,
Fasting — 1. Flatus,  Flatulence — 1.  Helluonum,
Gluttony—1. Pica, Malacia.
  LIMOTHERAPEI'A, Arestitherapela,  Nesto-
tlicrnpela, Nestiatria,  Peinotherapla, Cura'tio
morbi  per ine'diam, from limos, and Sepa-xtta,
'treatment'  Hunger-cure.  Cure by  fasting.
  LIMUS, Limos,
  LEY, Linum usitutissitnum—I.  Graines de, see
Linum usitatissimutn—/. Purgatif, Linum cathar-
ticum.
  LI A" AIRE, Antirhinum linaria.
  LINAMEXTUM, Linteum.
  LINARIA,  Antirhinum  linaria — 1. Cymbala-
ria,  Antirhinum linaria — 1. Elatine, Antirhinum
elatine—1. Vulgaris. Antirhinum linaria.
  LTXCTUARirM.  Eclectos.
  LINCTUS, Eclectos—1. Albus,  Looch album—
1. Amygdalinus, Looch  album — I. ad Aphthas,
1                LINGUAL
Mel boracis—1. de Borace, Mel boracis—1. Com-
munis, Lonch album.
  LINDEN TREE, Tilia, Tilia Americana.
  LINE,  Lirlea, Gramme, (F.) Eigne.   Extent
in length, considered without regard  to  breadth
or thickness.  As a measure, it means  the 12th
part of an inch.
  Median Line  of the Body is  an imaginary
line supposed to set out from  the top of  the head
and to fall between the feet,  so as to divide the
body vertically into two equal and symmetrical
parts.
  LINEA, Line.
  Linea  Alba,  Linen  alba  Abdom'inis, (F.)
Eigne  blanche  ou mediane de Vabdomen  (Ch.),
Candid'ula  abdom'inis  lirlea, Lirlea centra'lis.
A tendinous, strong,  and highly resisting cord ;
extending from the ensiform cartilage ofthe ster-
num to the  symphysis pubis, with the umbilicus
near its middle.   The linea alba is formed by the
decussation  of the  aponeurosis of the abdominal
muscles;  and its use is to limit the movement of
the chest backwards; to  prevent it from separa-
ting too far from the pelvis, and to furnish a fixed
point for  the  muscles of the abdomen  in their
contraction.
   Linea As'pera, Ragged ridge, (F.) Eigne dpre,
Ligne sous-trochanlerieune, (Ch.)   A rough pro-
jection at  the  posterior surface  of  the femur,
which  gives attachment to muscles.
   Linea Candidula Abdominis, L. alba—1. Cen-
tralis,  L.  alba—1.  Innominata,  Ilio-pectinea
Linea.
   LINEiE ARCUAT.E, Curved lines —1. Semi-
circulares externae, Curved lines.
   Lineas  Semiluna'res   are  the  lines,  which
bound the outer margin  of the recti  muscles of
the abdomen.   They are formed by the  union of
the abdominal tendons.   The lines which cross
these muscles are called Linea transversa.
   Lineas Tib'ia, An'guli  tib'ia.  Sharp lines on
the tibia.
   Lineas  Transversa,  see  L. semilunares, and
Processus teretes.
   LINE AIRE, Linear.
   LIN'EAMENT,  Lineamen'tum, from  linea, 'a
line,' lineare, ' to mark by lines.'  A delicate trait
observed  on the countenance, which  constitutes
its  special character, enables us to  preserve its
image, and is the cause of resemblance to others.
A feature.
   Bonnet, gave  the name  Lineament to  the first
traces of organization in the  embryo of  man and
animals.
   LIN'EAR,  Tjinea'ris, Linea'rins, from linea,
'aline.'   (F). Lineaire.   Pathologists apply the
epithet linear to fractures which are very narrow,
and  in which  the  fragments are scarcely sepa-
rated.
   LINE'OLA ; a diminutive of linea,' a line.' A
small line.
  Line'ola Mamma'rum.   The white lines on the
breasts.
  LING ISM, Kinesipathy.
  LINGUA, Tongue — 1.  Avis, see Fraxinus ex-
celsior—1. Bovis, Anchusa officinalis—1.  Canina,
Cynoglossum — 1.  Cervina, Asplenium scolopen-
drium—1. Exigua, Epiglottis — 1. Prognosis ex,
Glossomantia—1. Serpentaria, Ophioglossum vul-
gatum.
  Lingua Detentor, Glossocatochuj? — 1. Exon-
cosis, Glossoncus—1. Scalpium, Cure-languc.
  LIN'GUAL, Lingua'lis, from lingua, 'the
tongue.'   Relating  or belonging to the tongue.
  Lingual  Ar'tery,  Arte'ria lingua'lis,  arises
from the external carotid; and, after several tor-
tuosities, reaches the base of the tongue, becomes
horizontal, and, under the name Raninc, advances 
LINGUALIS              -r>12              LINIMENTUM
to tbe tip, where  it anastomoses with its  fellow.
In its course, it gives off the Dorsalis lingua and
sublingual.
  Lingual  Muscle,  Lingua'lis,  Bnsio-glossus
(Cowper), Glossiilnus, is a small,  long, fasciculus
of fibres, hidden beneath the sides of the tongue,
between  the hyoglossus and styloglossus mus-
cles, which are on the outside, and the genioglos-
sus, within.  This muscle passes from the base to
the tip of the tongue ;  and, at its  sides, is con-
founded  with  the muscles just referred  to.   It
shortens  the tongue, depresses its point, and can
carry it to the right or left side.
  Lingual  Nerve is a name which has been
given to  the  ninth  pair  or  hypoglossus.   It
is, also, a term  applied to  a  branch  given  off
from  the Inferior  maxillary,  or  third branch
of the fifth  pair.   Near its origin it anastomoses
with, or  simply runs close  to, the chorda tym-
pani. It afterwards gives off a considerable num-
ber  of filaments,  which are distributed  to  the
tongue, and some of which are  said to have been
even traced as  far as the papillae; — a distribu-
tion  which has occasioned it to  be regarded  as
the Gus'tatory nerve, (F.) Nerfi gv.statif.
  Lingual  Salivary  Glands,   see   Salivary
glands.
  Lingual Vein  follows nearly the same distri-
bution as  the artery.  It opens  into the internal
jugular.
  LINGUALIS, Lingual muscle.
  LINGUETTA  LAMINOSA, Lingula.
  LINGULA, Liguia.
  Lin'gula, Linguelta lamino'sa.  A thin, trans-
versely  grooved  lobule of  gray  substance, de-
rived from the anterior border of the cerebellum,
which, for a short distance, lies over the velum
medullare anterius.
  Lingula Fistul.e, Epiglottis.
  LINI USITATISSIMI SEMINA, see Linum
usitntissimum.
  LINTMENT, Linimen'ttim, Litns, Enchris'ton,
Catiichris'ton, Pericllrisis, Pe rich ris'ton. Aidpila,
Aleinlma, Enchris'ta, Frictitm, Frieato'riuin, In-
line'tio,  from linire,  linilnm, 'to  anoint  gently,'
'to anoint.'  An  unctuous medicine, containing
usually oil or lard, which  is used  externally  in
the form of friction.
  Liniment of Ammonia, Compound, see Lotion,
Granville's.
  LINIMENT  AMMONIACAL,  Linimentum
ammonias— /. de Carbonate  d'Ammoniaque, Li-
nimentum ammoniae carbonatis.
  Liniment, Anodyne, Linimentum opii.
  LINIMENT  ANTIITEMORRHOIDALE
DE  SIEUIt AND11Y, (F.)   This is formed  of
Narbonne honey, Olive oil, and  Turpentine.
  LINIMENT   ANTIPARALYTIQUE.  (F.)
Composed of subcarbonate of ammonia, alcoholized
oil, black soap, and 01/ of rosemary.
  Liniment,  Antiscrof'ulous, of  Hufeland.
Composed of fresh ox-gall.   White soap,  Un-
guentum  altha'a, Volatile oil of  petroleum, Car-
boii'tte of ammonia, and Camphor.
   LINIMENT CALCAIRE, Linimentum aqua-
calcis — 1. Camphor, Linimentum camphora? — I.
Cnmphri, Linimentum camphorae—1. of Cantha-
rides, camphorated, Linimentum  e  cantharidibus
camphoratum—/. Cantharide camphre, Linimen-
tum e cantharidibus camphoratum—1. Croton oil,
Linimentum crotonis — /.  d'Ean de chaux, Lini-
mentum aquae calcis—1. of Limewater, Linimen-
tum aquae calcis—/. de  Mercure, Linimentum hy-
drargyri— 1. Mercurial, Linimentum hydrargyri
— /.  Oleo-ealcaire, Linimentum aquae calcis — 1.
of Opium, Linimentum opii.
   LINIMENT RESOLUTIE DE POTT, com-
] posed of oil, of turpentine nnd muriatic acid. Used
 ill rheumatism, swellings,  <fec.
   Liniment,  Saint  John  Long's.  A  liniment
 used by a celebrated  empiric  at the commence-
 ment of the second quarter of the 19th century.
 It is said  to  have consisted of oi7 of turpentine
 and  acetic acid, held in suspension  by yolk of
 egg.  Tt was a  powerful counter-irritant.
   'LINIMENT DE SA YON,  Linimentum sapo-
 nis compositum—/. de Savon opiate, Linimentum
 saponis et opii.
    LINIMENT SAVONNEUN  HYDROSUL-
 FURE DE JADELOT.  Composed of sulphuret
 of potass, ,:§vj: white  soap. Ibij;  oil of pappy,
 Ibiv ; oil of thyme, f,\).   Used in itch.
   Liniment,  Simple. Linimentum simplex—1.
 Soap, Linimentum saponis —1. Soap and opium,
 Linimentum  saponis et opii—1. Soap, compound,
 Linimentum saponis  compos.—1. Turpentine, Li-
 nimentum  terebinthinas — 1. of Verdigris, Lini-
 mentum oeruginis — /. de Vcrt-de-gris, \At\\u\ei\-
 tum  aeruginis—/.  Volatil, Linimentum ammonias
 fortius.
   LINIMENTUM, Liniment.
   Linimen'tum ^Iru'ginis, O.v'ymel jEru'ginis,
 Unguen'tum ^Egyptiacum,  Mclli'tum de  aceltlti
 cupri,  Liniment of verdigris, (F.) Liniment de
 Vert-de-gris, Miel d'acetate de cuivre.  (^Erugin.
 cont. %') ;  acet.  .^vij;  mellis despum.  pond. 'xiv.
 Liquefied, strained, and inspissated by boiling.—
 Ph. L.)  It is  used  as  an escharotic and deter-
 gent;— diluted, as a gargle in venereal ulcera-
 tions and  in foul ulcers.
   Linimentum Album, Ceratum cetacei,  Unguen-
 tum cetacei—1. ad Ambustiones, L. aquas calcis.
   Linimentum  Ammo'niah, Sapo  ammoniacn'/is,
 Linimen'tum  ammonia'tum seu ammo'nicuui  seu
 Anglica'num, Sapo animo'nia  olea'ceus,  Ungual-
 turn album resolvens, Oleum ammonia'tum, Strong
 liniment  of ammonia, (F.) Liniment  volatil ou
 ammoniacal,  Savon ammoniacal.   {Liq.  amnion.
 f£j :  olei  oliva,  f.^ij.   Mix. —Ph. U. S.;   A
 stimulating and rubefacient soap.
    Linimentum  Ammo'ni^e  Cahbo.na'tis, Liniment
 of subcarb'onate  of  ammo'nia, Linimentum am-
 mo'nia sesquicarbona'tis,  L. volat'ile, Hartshorn
 and  oil, (F.) Liniment de carbonate d'ominoui-
 aque.  (Solut.  subcarb. ammon.  ft^j ;  olei  oliv.
 ft^iij.  Shake till they unite.—Ph. L.)   A stimu-
 lating liniment, mostly used to relieve rheumatic
 pains,  bruises,  &c.
   Linimentum  Ammonias  Compositum, see Gran-
 ville's  Lotion — 1.  Ammoniae  Sesquicarbonatis,
 Linimentum  Ammoniae Carbonatis—1. Ammoni-
 atum seu Ammonicuin, L. Ammonias fortis — 1.
 Anglicanum, L. Ammonite fortis—1.  ad  Aphthas,
 Mel  boracis.
   Linimentum Aquas Calcis, £. Calcis (Ph. U.S.),
 L. ad ambiistio'ncs,  Oleum  lini  cum calce, Sajrn
 cnlca'rius, Liniment  of  lime/cater,  Carroll  oil,
 (because much used in  the Carron iron  works in
 Scotland), (F.) Liniment  d'eau de chaux,  Savon
 cah-aire,  Liniment  calc.aire  ou  oleo-ealcaire.
 [Old  lini,  aqua  calcis,  aa  f^'j-  Misce.)  A
 cooling and  emollient application to burns  and
 scalds.
    Linimentum Arcei, Unguentum elemi  com-
 positum— 1. de Borace, Mel  boracis—1. Calcis,
 L. aquae calcis.
    Linimentum Cam'phor e. Oleum Camphora'turn,
 Sol il tio camphora oleo'sa, Camphor liniment, (F.)
 Liniment Camphre,  (Camphora, %iv ; old oliva,
 fgij.  Dissolve. — Ph. U.  S.)  It is used  as a
 stimulant and  discutient.
    Linimentum Cam'piior.e Compos'itum, Ward's
 essence for the  headache. Compound camphor  lini-
 ment.   (Camphor, ^iiss; ol.  Lavand.  f J5J: -s>'-
 rectificat. f^xvij; Liquor amnion, fortior. f^iij.
 ! Dissolve the camphor and oil in  the spirit; add 
LINIMENTUM             54 3                    LIP
 the ammonia,  and  shake till they are  mixed.
 Ph. L.)   It is stimulant and discutient.
   Linimentum Canthar'idis, Liniment of Spanish
 FUes.  (Cantharid. in pulv. ^ j ;  01.  Terebinth.
 Oss.   Digest  for three hours by means of a water-
 bath,  and strain.—Ph. U. S.)   Used as an exci-
 tant liniment in typhus. Ae.
   Linimentum  e  Cantiiarid'ibus  Campiiora'-
 TUM, Cam pil orated  liniment of canthar'ides, (F.)
 L. cnnthnride cninphre.  (Tinct. cnnlharid. 3ss ;
 nl. amygd. ilulc. ^iv; snpon. amygd. ^j ; camphor.
 J^ss.   Dissolve  the  camphor in the oil, and add
 the mixture to the tincture and soap.  — Ph. P.)
 Rubefacient,  and discutient.
   Linimentum  Croto'nis,  Croton  oil  Lin'iment,
 (01. Croton, f^j; 01. Terebinth, f-vij, M.  Ph. D.)
 Rubefacient,  causing an eruption when continued.
   Linimentum  IIydrar'gyri, L.  Hydrar'gi/ri
 compos'itnin,  Mercn'rial liniment, (F.) L. de Mer-
 cure.  (Ung.  Hyd. fort., tulip, prap. aa, ^iv;
 camphora,  tfj ;  sp.  reel.  gtt. xv; liquor amnion.
 f^iv.  Rub the camphor with  the spirit: add the
 ointment and lard;  and,  lastly, gradually add
 the solution.—Ph.  L.)  It is used as a stimulant
 and discutient to venereal swellings, Ae.
   Linimentum Hyperiui, see  Hypericum perfo-
 ratum.
   Linimentum Opii,  Liniment of  Opium, An'o-
 dyne Liniment.   (Sapon.  ~ vj ;  Opii. ,^iss; Cam-
 phor. 3jiij j Ol.  Rosmarin. f^vj ; Spirit reeti'/icnt.
 Oij. (Imp. meas.)  Macerate the soap and opium
 in the spirit for three hours; filter, and add  the
 oil and camphor.—Ph. L.)  Anodyne and slightly
 rubefacient.
   Linimentum Plumbatum, Unguentum plumbi
 superacetatis — 1. Saponaceum opiatum, L. Sapo-
 nis et opii.
   Linimentum Sapona'ceum IlYnnosui.pnuRA'-
 tum.  ^ (Common Soap. 500 p.   Liquefy  in a water
 bath  in an  earthen vessel; and add white poppy
 oil, 250 p. Mix intimately, and add  dry sulphuret
 of potass, 100 p.  Beat together, and add  oil of
 poppy seed, 750 p.—Ph. P.)  In cutaneous affec-
 tions,  as psora, herpes, Ac.
   Linimentum S vponato-campiioratum, L. Sa-
 ponis  camphoratum.
   Linimentum Sapo'nis,  Tlnctn'ra saponis cam-
 phora''<« (Ph.U.S.), Camphora ted Tincture of Soap,
 ftmp Liniment.  (Saponis concis. ^iv: camphor.
 ,-,iy,  Ol.  Rosmarin.  C^**;  alcohol.  Oij.   Digest
 the soap  and  alcohol  in  a  water-bath! until the
 former is dissolved : filter, and add the camphor
 and oil. —Ph. U. S.)   Used in sprains, bruises,
 and as nn embrocation.
   Linimentum Sapo'nis  Camphora'tum,  L.  S.
 compos'itum,   L. Saponilfo-camphora'tum,  BaV-
 triniuni opodeldoc, Tint-til ra saponis ennrphora'ta
 (Ph. U. S.),  Opottel'doch. Steer's opodeldoch. Com-
 pound Soap Liniment, (F.) L. de Savon.  (Sapon.
 rasur.  ^iy :  Camphor, ^ij ;  OL Rosmarini, f'5ss;
 Aqua, f.^iv ;  Alcohol. Oij.  Mix the alcohol'and
 water: digest  the soap  in the mixture  by  means
 of a water-bath, until  it is  dissolved: fiiter, and
 add the camphor and oil.—(Ph. U. S.)  Stimulant
 and anodyne:  in bruises,  local  pains, <tc.
  Freeman's Bathing  Spirits consist of Zi'ii. sapon
 comp. coloured with Daffy's elixir.
  Jackson's Bathing Spirits differ from Freeman's
in  the addition of some essential oils.
  Linimentum Sipo'.nis et  Opii, L. sapona'ceum
opia'tiiin. Soap and  opium lin'iment, Gates's ano-
dyne Imlsnni, Bnlsanium a nod'1/mini, Tinctura sa-
ponis Zt opii, (F\L. de Saron .g.iaot.   (Saponis
          "P"-_  o.i  : camphora. ,^ij ; olei  roris-
du
in chronic rheumatism and local pains in general,
  Linimentum  Simplex, Simple Liniment.  (01.
oliv. 4 p.; cera alba, 1 p. fiat linimentum.—Ph.
E.)  Emollient; used in chaps, Ac.
    Linimentum Simplex, Unguentum cerae.
    Linimentum Terebin'thin.e.  L.  Terebinthina'-
  tnm.  Turpentine liniment.  (Ce.rnt. resina,  Ibj ;
  ol. terebinth. Oss.   Melt the cerate nnd >tirin the
  oil.)  A stimulant; applied to burns,  Ac.
    Linimentum Volatile. L. ammonis: carbonatis.
    LINN. Tilia Americana.
    LINN.E'A, L. Boren'lis.  Orel.  Canrifoliaeese.
  This  plant, called after  Linnaeus,  has a bitter,
  sub-astringent taste; and is used, in some places,
  in the form of fomentation, in  rheumatic pains.
  An infusion in milk is used in Switzerland for the
  cure of sciatica.
    LINOSPERMUM, see Linum usitatissimum.
    LINSEED, see Linum usitatissimum.
    LINT, Carbasus, Linteum.
    LINTEAMEN. Linteum. Pledget.
    LIN'TEUM. 'a linen cloth,'from linum, 'flax,
ij  linen,'  L.  cacptum seu rasum, Lintea'men, Oth'-
j  one,  Othorlion,  Car'brisus,  Car'box,,,  Car'pia
  Molos,   Mote,   Motnm,  Linttmerltuin,  Tilma,
  Nystos,  Nytma, Aehne, Lint, (E.)  Chnrpie.  A
  soft, flocculent substance, made by  scraping old
  linen cloth, (F.) Chnrpie  rupee, or by  unravel-
  ling old linen  cut into small pieces — (F.)  Char-
  pie brute ,- and employed in surgery as a dressing
  to wounds, ulcers, Ae., either  simply or covered
  with ointment.
    Linteum Carptum, see Linteum—1. Rasum,
  see Linteum—1. Scissum. Splitcloth  (bandage.)
    LINUM, see Linum usitatissimum—1. Arvense,
  L. usitatissimum.
    Linum Catiiar'ticum, L. min'imum,  Chamali'-
  niirn.  Purging ft,i.r. Mill mountain, (F.) Lin pttr-
 gntifi.   Ord.  Linaceaj.  This  plant is possessed
 of cathartic properties, and has  a  bitterish,  dis-
 agreeable taste.   Dose, :jj. in substance.
    Linum Crudum, see Apolinosis — 1.  Minimum,
 L. Catharticum.
   Linum  Usitatis'simum,  L.  arverlse,  Common
 finx,  (F.)  Lin.  Tbe seed, Linum, (Ph. U.  S.),
 Sail inn  lini usitntis'simi, Linosper'mnm, Lin-
 seed,  F/nxseed, (F.)  Grains dc /in, are  inodorous,
 and almost tasteless: yielding mucilage  to warm
 water, and oil by  expression.   They are demul-
 cent and emollient.   Linseed, when ground  into
 powder,  forms  a good emollient poultice.  It is
 only necessary to stir the powder  into boiling
 water.  The oil,  Oleum lini.  Flaxseed oil,  (F.)
 Huile de Lin, is emollient and demulcent.
    LIONDENT, Leontodon taraxacum.
   LION'S  FOOT, Nabalus albus, Prenanthes —
 1. Tail. Leonurus.
   LIOPODIA.  see Leiopus.
   LIOPCS, Leiopus.
   LIP, Sax. and Germ. Lippe, Cheilos, Ln'binm,
 Labriim, (F.)  Lerre.  [In  Entomology, lithium
 means the lower lip, — labrum, the upper.]   Tbe
 lips are  composed of different muscular fasciculi,
 nerves, and vessels, covered by the skin and mu-
 cous membrane of the mouth. They circumscribe
 the anterior aperture of that cavity; and are in-
 servient to  mastication, pronunciation, Ac.  They
 are  distinguished into upper and lower — Ano-
 chellon ; and Catochc'llon,  (Prov.) Fipnle — and
 are placed in front  of each jaw, forming between
 them the anterior aperture  of the mouth.   Thev
 unite at  each side, and form what are  called  the
angles or commissures of the mouth—Chal'ini.
Their  free edge is  covered with  a mucous mem-
brane, of a more or less livid  red,  according to
the individual.  They receive their arteries from
the external carotid.   Their veins open  into  the
two jugulars.  Their  lymphatic  vessels descend
into the  ganglions situate beneath  the  chin.
Their nerves are derived from the infra-orbitar,
mental, and facial.
  Lips, La'bia, (F.) Levres de la vnlve, are  folds
belonging  to the genital organs of  the  female, 
LIPA                   544                  LIQUOR
nnd distinguished  into—1. Labia pudeildi seu
Cunni seu majo'ra, Ejrisla, Ala pudeildi mulie'-
bris, Hytrocheltides, Rupes, Ala majo'res, Crenl-
ttoi, (F.) Grandes Levres.  These are two mem-
branous  folds, thicker above than below, which
limit the vulva laterally, and extend from the in-
ferior part of the mons veneris to the perinreum.
They  unite anteriorly and posteriorly,  forming
commissures; the  posterior of which  is called
Fourchette. Their outer surface is convex; formed
of skin and covered with  hair.   The inner sur-
face is white, and covered by a mucous membrane,
continuous with that lining the other parts of the
vulva.   The space between the skin and mucous
membrane is filled with a fatty tissue and fibrous
bands, some fibres of the constrictor vaginae  mus-
cle, vessels, and nerves.
   We speak, also, of the lips of a wound, ulcer,
 Ac, when alluding to the edges of these solutions
 of continuity.
   LIPA, Aura, fat; also, Lippitudo.
   LI'PARA. from  Airra/jof,  'fatty.'   Plasters,
 containing much oil or fat.
   LIPARIA, see  Polysarca.
   LIPAROCE'LE, Lipoce'li, from \iirapo;, 'futty,'
 and <ojAi?, ' tumour.'  Lipo'ma, or  fatty  tumour
 of the scrotum, Her'nia pinguedino'sa scroti.
   LIPARODES.  Fatty.
   LIPAROIDE, Cerate.
   LIPAROLE, Pomatum, Pommade.
   LIPAROTES, see Polysarcia.
   LIPAROTRICH'IA, from \irrapos, 'fatty,' and
 Spi|, rpixos, 'hair.'  Too great oiliness of the hair.
   LIPARUS,  Fatty.
   LIPASMA, see Polysarcia.
   LIPEMANIA,  Melancholy, see Lypemania.
   LIPHiEMIA, Leiphaemia.
   LIPILEMOS, Leiphmmos.
   LIPO or LEIPO, Xetvio, ' I leave,' 'I forsake.'
 Hence,  Leipnpsyc.hia, Leipothymia.
   LIPOCELE, Liparocele.
   LIPODERMIA,  Aposthia.
   LIPODERMOS,  Leipodermos.
   LIPO'MA, Lypo'ma, from Aura, 'fat.'  A fatty
 tumour of an encysted or other character.
    LIPOMATODES, Lipomatous.
   LIPOM'ATOUS,  Lipomato'sns,  Lipomato'des,
 (F.) Lipomateux.  Having the  nature  of lipoma
 —as a ' lipomatous mass.'
   LIPOME'RIA,  Leipome'ria,  from  Aax-u,  'I
 leave,' and peptic, a 'part.'  Monstrosity from  ar-
 rest of development, or from defect.  Deficiency
 of one or more of the parts of the body; for ex-
 ample, in one who has only four fingers.
    LIPOPSYCIIIA, Syncope.
    LIPOS, Fat.
    LIPOSIS. see Polysarcia.
    LIPOSPHYXIA, Syncope.
    LIPOTHYMIA,  Syncope.
    LIPPA, Chassie.
    LIPPER, Lepra, Leprous.
    LIPPIA, Adali.
    LIPPITU'DO, Ophthalmia chron'ica of some,
 Lippitude,  Blear-eye, Blear-eyedness, Blear-'ed-
 ness,  Lappa, Lipa,  Xerophthalmia, Lema, Leme,
 Lemos'itas, Gleme,  Glarna, Gra'mia.  A copious
 secretion of the sebaceous humour of the eyelids,
 which renders them gummy.  It  is owing to a
 state of  chronic inflammation of the tarsal mar-
 gins; the  eyelids being generally red, tumefied,
 and painful.
   Lippitudo Neonatorum, see Ophthalmia.
   LIPPUS, one affected  with blear eye; blear-
 eyed ,- (F.) Chassieux.
   LIPSTS ANTMI, Syncope.
   LIPSOTRICHIA, Alopecia, Calvities.
   LIQUAMEN, Garum.
  LIQUAMU'MIA,  Adeps  hunulnus.   Human
fat.— Rulnnd and Johnson.
  LIQUARIUM, Syrupus simplex.
  LIQUATIO, Liquefaction.
  LIQUEFA'CIENT, Liqnefiilciens, from liquid.
!<«, 'liquid,'  andfnccre, 'to  make.'  A medicinal
agent, which seems to have the power of liquely-
ing  solid depositions.   To  this class  mercury,
iodine, Ac.  have been referred by some.
  LIQUEFACTION,  Liqun'tio,  Liquefnc'ti,, ;
same etymon.   Transformation of a solid sub.
stance into  a liquid.   It  is used particularly in
speaking of metals and fatty bodies, see Fusion.
  LIQUEUR  DE If AMNIOS, Liquor amnii—
/. d'Aluminc Compos,',-, Liquor aluminis compos,
—/.  Anodine d'Hoffman, Spiritus aetheris sulphu-
rici  compositus—/.  Anodine nitreuse,  Spiritus
aetheris nitrici — /. Arsenicale, Liquor arsenicalis
—/.  Fnniante de Boyle, Ammonia? sulphuretum,
Liquor fumans Boylii—/. Volatile de Come decaf,
Liquor volatilis cornu cervi—/. de Cuivre ammo-
niacal, Liquor cupri ammoniati — /. de Per atca-
line, Liquor ferri alkalini — /. de. Sous-arftate tie
 plomb, Liquor plumbi subacetatis—/. de Potass,-,
Liquor potassa?—I. tin  Sang, Liquor sanguinis—
/. de Sous-carbonate de potasse, Liquor potassa:
subcarbonatis.
   LIQUID, ADHESIVE, MAYNARD'S, Collo-
dion—1. Disinfecting, Burnett's.see Burnett's dis-
infecting liquid — 1. Disinfecting, Labarraque's,
Liquor  sodae  chlorinate—1.  Disinfecting, Le-
doyen's, see Ledoven's disinfecting liquid.
   LIQUID A MB AR ASPLENIFOLIA, Compto-
nia asplenifolia—1. Officinalis, see Styrax—1. Pe-
regrina,  Comptonia asplenifolia.
   Liquidam'bar  Styhacif'lua, Liqiiidum'brn,
Sweet gum,  White gum.  Ord. Balsamineao.   The
name of the tree which affords the Liquid amber
and Stornx  liquida, Slyrax liquida  or Liquid
stomx.   Liquid  amber is a resinous  juice of a
yellow colour,  inclining to red ; at first of about
the  consistence of turpentine; by age, harden-
ing  into a  solid, brittle   mass.  It is  not used
medicinally.
   Styrax Liquida is obtained from this plant by
boiling.   There are  two sorts, — one more pure
than the other.  It is  used occasionally, as a
stomachic, in the form of plaster.
   L1QUIDE AMNIOTIQUE, Liquor Amnii—/.
 Cephalo-rachidienne, Cephalo-spinal fluid.
   LIQUIDUM NERVEUxM, Nervous fluid.
   LIQUIRITIA, Glycyrrhiza..
   LIQUOR, (liqueo, 'I am liquid,') Liqua'men,
 Hygron, Hy'grotes, (F.) Liqueur.  A name given
to  many compound  liquids, and  especially to
 those the bases of which are water and alcohol.
   Liquor Acidus Halleri, Elixir acidum Hal-
leri— 1. yEthereus, Ether — 1.  iEthereus sulphu-
 ricus, Spiritus aetheris sulphurici.
   Liquor Alu'minis Compos'itus, Aqua alu'mi-
 nis  compos'ita  seu alumino'sa Boteo'na,  Bntes't
 alum -water,  Compound  solu'tion  of Ahirn, (F.)
 Liqueur  d'illumine  composie.   (Aluminis, zinn
 sulphat. sing. 5;ss,  aqua fervent. Oij.  Dissolve
 and filter through paper.)  Detergent and stimu-
 lant.  Used as a collyrium, when properly di-
 luted, in ophthalmia;  as an injection in gleet,
 leucorrhoea, Ac.
   Liquor ex Ammonia et Oleo Succini, Spiritus
 ammoniae succinatus
   Liquor Ammo'ni.e,  L. ammonia pura. Al'cali
 ammoniacum  flu'idum,  Ammo'nia liq'iiidn  seu
 cans'tira. liquida seu  pura liquida,  Lixiv'ium
 nmmouincn'le, Spiritus sub's ammoninci agno sns.
 Aqua ammonia seu ammonia caus'tica, Liquid
 ammonia, Solution of ammonia, (F.) Ammoniaque
 liqnide.   Directed to  he  made in the  Pharm. V.
 S. from  muriate of Ammonia, in fine powder; and
 Lime, each a, pound; distilled water a pint: water, 
LIQUOR
545
LIQUOR
 nine fluid ounces.  The water is employed to slake
 the lime ; this is mixed with the muriate of am-
 monia and put into a glass retort in a sand-bath.
 Heat is applied so as to drive off  the ammonia,
 which is made to pass into a quart bottle contain-
 ing  the  distilled water.  To every ounce of the
 product  three and a half fluidrachms  of distilled
 water are added, or as much as may be necessary
 to raise its s. g. to 0-96.  This Liquor Ammoniae
 may also be made by mixing one  part of liquor
 ammonite fortior with two parts of distilled water.
  (Ph. U. S. 1S42.)   Its s. g. is 0-960.   Liquor
 AiiMONliB fortior, Stronger  solution of ammo-
 nia  (Ph. IJ. S.) is an aqueous solution of ammonia
  of the 8. g. 0-882. Liquor ammoniae is stimulant,
 antacid, and  rubefacient.  Dose, gtt.  x to xx, in
  water or milk.
    Liquor Ammonias Aceta'tis,  Al'cali ammoni'-
  acum  aceta'tum, A.  volat'ile  aceta'tum,  Aqua
  aceta'tis ammo'nia  seu  ammo'nia aceta'ta, Solu-
  tion  of  acetate  of ammonia, Ace'tas ammonia,
  Spirit ofi Mindere'rus, Sal ammoni'acum vegetab'-
 ile, Spir'itus ophthalmicus Mindere'ri, Sal aceto'-
  bus amnioniaca'Us.  (Acid, acetic, dibit. Oij, Am-
 mon. carbonat. in pulv.   Add the salt to the acid
  until it is saturated. Ph. U. S. 1851.) A sudorific;
  externally, cooling.  Dose, fSJij  to f^iss.
    Liquor Ammonite  Sesquicarbonatis, Liquor
 Ammoniae Subcarbonatis.
    Liquor Ammonias Citra'tis, Solution of Citrate
  of Ammonia.   This preparation is officinal in the
  Dublin Pharmacopoeia.   It is made by saturating
 a solution of citric  acid with  sesquicarbo-.iate of
 ammonia.  It is given in cases of adynamic fever.
    Liquor  Ammonias   Subcaubona'tis.  Liquor
 Ammonia Sesquicarbona'tis, Sohltio subcarbona-
 tis ammonia, Aqua carbonatis ammonia, Solution
 of subcarbonate of ammonia, ll'rtr<?r of car'bonate
 of ammonia.   (Ammonia carbon, ^iv, aqua des-
 tillat.  Oj.  Dissolve  and filter through  paper.)
  Use; — the same as that of the carbonate of am-
 moniae.
   Liquor  Ammonii  Hydrothiodis,  Ammoniac
 sulphuretum—1. Ammonii  vinosus,  Spiritus am-
 moniae.
   Liquor Am'nii, Aqua  amnii.  The liquor of the
 amnios.  (F.) Eau ou Liqueur de lamnios, Liquide
 amniotiqne.  The fluid  exhaled by  tbe  amnios,
 and  which envelops the foetus  during the whole
 period of utero-gestation.  It is  often  simply
 called  the. waters, (F.)  Les Eaux.   Its  relative
 quantity diminishes as  pregnancy  advances,  al-
 though its absolute quantity continues  to increase
 till the period of delivery.  In some women, only
 five  or six  ounces are met with : in others, it
 amounts  to  pints.  It  is limpid, yellowish,  or
 whitish :  exhales a faint  smell, and has a slightly
 saline  taste.  It  contains water in considerable
 quantity; albumen;  chloride of  sodium; phos-
 phate of lime;  an  alkaline substance; and a par-
 ticular acid.   It facilitates  the  dilatation of the
 uterus, and  aids  delivery  by acting  as  a soft
 wedge enclosed in its membranes, Bag ofi waters,
 Poche des Eaux, Ac.  It  is probably inserviont to
 useful purposes in the  nutrition of the  foetus.
   Liquor Amnii, False.  The  fluid  contained
 between  the amnion  and chorion  in  the early
 periods of foetal existence.
   Liquor, Anodyne, Hoffmann's, Spiritus aethe-
 ris sulphurici compositus—1. Anodynus martialis,
 Alcohol sulphurico-aethereus ferri.
   Liquor Anod'ynus Terebinthina'tus.  A for-
 mula  prescribed by Rndemacher in cases of gall-
 stone, and of obstructions and indurations of the
 liver and spleen.  It was  composed of Hoffmann's
 anodyne liquor ^j ; rectified oil ofi turpentine "$\\.
 Dose.  5 to 10 drops.  It'resembles the Remhie de
Durande,  Mixture  lithontriptique de Durand, 31. j
de  Wln'tt, EthiroU d'essence de terehenthine, which i
| is formed  of Sulphuric ether, 30 parts ; Essence
 ofi turpentine, 15 parts.  It  is used in  the  same
 cases.
   Liquor  Arsenica'lis,  L. Potas'sa  arseni'tis
 (Ph. U. S.), Sohltio arsenicalis seu arsenica'ta seu
 arseni'tis  lealica, Arsen'ical solution, Mirleral
 solvent, Ar'senis potas'sa liq'uidus  seu potassa
 aquo'sits,  Fowler's solution  ofi  arsenic, Sol reus
 minera'le, Italian poison, Acqua seu Aqua Toffil-
 nia, Acqua della  Toffana, A. di Napoli, Acqttel-
 ta [?], Tasteless ague  drop,  (F.) Liqueur arseni-
 cale.   (Acid. Arsenios. in frustulis, potassa car-
 bonatis pur., sing. gr.  Ixiv., aqua destillat.  q. s.
 Boil together the arsenious acid and carbonate
 of  potassa with twelve fluidounces  of distilled
 water, in a glass vessel, until the arsenic is dis-
 solved.  When  the  solution is  cold, add  Spirit.
 lavand. c.  fgiv, and as much distilled water as
 will make the whole  one pint.   Ph. U. S.) f£j
 contains gr. ss of the arsenious acid. Dose, gtt. x.
   For Pearson's Solution, see Arseniate of Soda.
   Liquor Arsenici CnLo'RiDi,^o/»ti'oH of Chloride
 of Arsenic, ofthe London Pharmacopoeia of 1851,
 is made by boiling Arsenious acid £ss, in hydro-
 chloric acid  fgiss (Imp.  meas.), mixed with  a
 fluidounce of distilled  water, until it is dissolved :
 then adding  water to  make the quantity a  pint
 (Imp. meas.)  Each fluidounce  contains a grain
 and a half of arsenious  acid, or an  equivalent
 quantity of terchloride.  Properties the same as
 those of Liquor Arsenicalis.  It is a substitute for,
 and imitation of De Valongin's Arsenical Solu-
 tion, Sohltio solvent'tis  minera'lis, much used by
 many British practitioners.   Dose, gtt. v-x.
   Liquor Arsenici  et Hydrargyri Iodidi, see
 Arsenic and  Mercury, iodide of—1. Barii chloridi,
j Baryta, muriate of, solution of—1. Bellosti,  L.
 Hydrargyri nitrici — 1. Calcii chloridi, see Calcis
 murias.
   Liquor  Calcis, Sohltio  calcis,  Aqua  calcis
 seu bencdic'ta seu  Calca'ria  nsla, Calca'ria pura
 liq'ttida, Solution  of   Lime, Lime  Water,  (F.)
 Eau de chaux. ( Calcis £ iv., aq. desti/l. cong. Pour
 the water on  the lime,  and stir.   Let it  stand  in
 a covered vessel three  hours  ; bottle the lime and
 water in stopped bottles, and use the clear solu-
 tion.)  It is  astringent, tonic, and antacid;  and
 is used in  diarrhoea, diabetes, heartburn, Ac, nnd
 as a  lotion  to  foul and cancerous  ulcers,  Ac,
 Dose, f't^ij  to Oss.  in milk.
   Liquor Calcis Chlorina't^e, Solution ofiChlo'-
 rinated Lime (Ph. D.), is made by triturating
 half a pound  of  chlorinated lime with half a  gal-
 lon  of water; shaking the mixture; filtering,  and
 keeping in a well-stopped bottle.  Used in  tbe
 same cases as chlorinated lime. Dose, f.^ss to f^j.
   Liquor Calcis Compos'itus. Aqua  Colds com-
pos'ita seu  benedic'ta compos'ita, Compound lime
water.   (F.)   Eau de  chaux compose.   (Lign.
guaiac. ras. Ibss, rad. glycyrrh. ^j, cort. sassafras,
S**; semin. coriand.  2[ij, liquor calcis, Ovj.  Ma-
cerate for two days, and filter.)   It is  stimulant,
diaphoretic, and astringent, and is used in euta-
neous  affections.
   Liquor, Calcis Muriatis,  see Calcis murias—
1. Cereris,  Cerevisia — 1. Chloreti natri, L. sodm
chlorinatae—1. Chlorini, see Chlorine—I. Cbloru-
reti natri, L. Sodas chlorinata?—1. Chlorureti soda;,
L. sodae chlorinatae.
  Liquor Chyli, see Chyle.
  Liquor Cupri Ammonia'ti, Liquor Cupri om-
monio-sttlpha'tis.  Aqua  seu sohltio cupri ammo-
nia'ti seu sappharlna,  Bine eyewater.  Solution
ofi ammoniated copper ;  (F.) Liqueur ou Eau de
cnirre  ammoniacal.  (Cnpri  amruoniat. J^j. aqua
destill.O}. Dissolveand filter the solution' through
paper.   Ph. L.)  Corrosive and detergent. Used
externally to  foul  ulcers; and diluted  with  an
equal part of distilled water, it  is applied by means 
LIQUOR
546
LIQUOR
,i  a  hair  pencil to specks  and  films  on  the I
eye.                                            ]
  Liquor  Cupri  Ammonio-Sulphatis,  Liquor
Cupri ammoniati.
  Liquor Cupri Sulpha'tis  Compos'itus, Aqua
cupri vitriola'ti composita.  (Cupri sulphat., alu-
min. sulphat. aa. ,^iij, aqua pura Oij., acid sulph.
^ j.  Boil  the salts in tbe water  until they are
dissolved ;  then filter the liquor, and add the acid.)
Used as an  astringent in epistaxis, Ac.  It was
also called Aqua Slyp'ticn.
  Liquor  Cyreniacus, Benjamin—1. Entericus,
Suceus entericus—1. Excitans, Spiritus ammoniae
succinatus.
  Liquor Ferri Alkali'ni, Solution  of Alkaline
Iron, (F.)  Liqueur tie fer nlcaline.  (Ferri "Zpw,
acid, nitric,  ^ij, aqua destillat. ft^vj. liq. potass.
subcarb. f.^vj.   To  the acid and  water mixed,
add the iron ; and, after the effervescence,  add
the clear solution, gradually, to the liq. potassa
subcarb.; shaking it occasionally till  it assumes
a deep brown-red colour, and the effervescence
stops.  After six  hours' settling, pour off the clear
solution.   Ph. L.)  It is  tonic like other prepa-
rations of iron.  Dose, f,^ss to f.^iss.
  Liquor  Ferri Io'didi, Solution ofi Iodide ofi
Iron, Syr'upits Ferri io'didi,  Syrup of I'otlide of
Iron.   (lodin. ^ij. Ferri rament.  t^j, Sacchar.
pulv. 3XU> Aqua destillat. q. s.  Mix  the iodine
with f 3jx of the  distilled water, in a porcelain or
glass vessel, and  gradually add the iron filings,
constantly stirring.   Heat  the mixture gently
until the liquor acquires a light greenish  colour;
then, having added the sugar, continue the heat
a short time, and filter.  Lastly, pour  distilled
water upon  the  filter, and allow it to pass  until
the whole  of the  filtered liquor measures  twenty
fluidounces.  Keep the solution in closely stopped
bottles.—Ph. U. S.)   Dose, 20 or 30 drops.
   Liquor  Ferri Muriatis, Tinctura ferri mu-
riatis.
   Liquor  Ferri Nitra'tis,  L. Ferri Sesquini-
tra'tis  seu ternitra'tis,  Sohltio Ferri nitra'tis.
Solution of  nitrate, of ternitrate of sesquioxide,
or of sesqiii nit rate of iron, has been recommended
in  chronic diarrhoea and dysentery.   Its virtues
exactly resemble those of chloride of iron.  It is
prepared as follows :—Ferri fili, incis. ^j, Acid.
nitric,  f ,^iij, Aq. destillat. q. s. Mix the acid and
a pint  of  distilled water, until gas  ceases to be
g'ven off;  filter, and add distilled  water to make
fgxxx.—Ph. U. S.)   Dose, 10 to  20  drops.
   Liquor  Folliculi,  see Folliculi Graafiani.
   Liquor  Fumans Boyl'ii, Sulphure'tum  Ammo'-
nia Hydrogenilturn,  Hydrosnlphnre'turii Ammo-
nia, Tinctu'ra Sulphuris Volat'ifis,  Aqua  Sul-
 phure'ti Ammonia. Bogle's Fuming  liquor,  (F.)
Liqueur fnmante de  Boyle.   It  is possessed of
nauseating and  emetic properties, and has been
given in diabetes and diseases of excitement as  a
deoxygenizer !
   Liquor, Fuming, Boyle's, Liquor fumans Boy-
lii—1. Fuming, of Libavius. Tin, muriate of—1.
 Genital, Sperm—1. of Hartshorn, volatile. Liquor
 volatilis cornu cervi — 1. Hydrargyri Bicbloridi,
 Liquor hydrargyri oxymuriatis — 1.  Hydrargyri
 cbloridi corrosivi, L. hydrargyri  oxymuriatis —
 1. Hydrargyri et arsenici iodidi, see Arsenic and
 Mercury, iodide of.
    Liquor Hydrar'gyri Nitrici, L. Bcllosti, (F.)
 Eau mercurielle  ou  contre la  gangrene.  Remade
 du  Due d'Antin, R. du  Cnpnciii,  (Hydrarg.  120
 p., acid nitr. (3'J>°.) 150 p.  Dissolve, and add to
 the solution distilled water. 900 p. Ph. P.)  Dose.
 two or three drops in a glass of water. Not much
 used.
    Liquor Hydrar'gyri  Oxymuria'tis, L. Hy-
 drar'gyri  Chin'ridi corrosi'vi seu Hi/drar'gyri
 bichlo'ridi, Solu'tion of Oxymu'riate  of Mercury,
I Liquor Swietenis sen  Syphililicns  Turner!, Mil.
] ?•?'«« hydrargyri spiritinr'sus  li,f uitlus,  Sahtlio
 Muria'tis hydrar'gyri oxygenati, Lit/nor or Solu-
 tion of Corro'sive Stib'ii mate or uf Van Sirieteii,
 (Hyd.  oxym., amnion, muriat. aa gr. x, nqtta de-
 still. Oj, (Imp. meas.)  Dissolve in the water and
 add the spirit.  Ph.  P.)  Dose, f^ss. or f ~j.
   Norton's Drops, Green's Drops, and Solomon's
 Anli-lnipetig"enes—all nostrums—seem to be dis-
 guised solutions of Corrosive Sublimate.
   Liquor  Hydrargyri  Pernituatis, see  Hy-
 drargyri nitras—1. Hydrargyri  Supernitratis, see
 Hydrargyri  nitras — 1. Hydriodatis  Arsenici et
 Hydrargyri,  Arsenic  and mercury, iodide of—1.
 Intestinalis,  Suceus  entericus.
   Liquor Io'dini Compos'itus,  (Ph. U. S. 184-2.)
 L. lodirlii compos'itus, (Ph. U. S. 1851.) Snln'tio
 Pottts'sii  Io'didi  lodure'ltt,  Compound Solution
 of Iodine, Lugol's Solution.  (India, ."vj, Potass.
 iodid.  ,^iss.   Aqua   destillat.  Oj.  Dissolve the
 iodine and iodide of potassium in the water.—Ph.
 U.  S.)  Dose, gtt. vj, ad xij. in sugared water.
   Liquor  Lithargyri Subacetatis, L. plumbi
 subacetatis—1. Lithargyri subacetatis compositus,
 Liquor plumbi subacetatis dilutus.
   Liquor Lymph.*:, see Lymph.
   Liquor of Monro, Solution of Monro.   A so-
 lution,  used   by Monro for  the preservation of
 anatomical  preparations.   It was composed of
 alcohol at 22°  or 24°, with  a drachm of nitric
 acid to each  pint.
   Liquor  Morgagn'it.   The small quantity of
 fluid contained within the capsule of the crystal-
 line lens.
   Liquor Morph'i^: Aceta'tis, Solution of Ace-
 tate of Morphia,  An'odyne Drops.  (Acetate of
 morphia,  £'\v, distilled water, Oj.  (Imp. meas.),
 Spirit, tenuior.  Oss,  (Imp. meas.)  Ph. L.), acetic
 acid, TTLxv.  Dose, from six to twenty-four drops.
   Liquor Mor'piiias Muria'tis, Solution of Mil-
 riate of Morph'ia.   (Morphia muriat. SJiv, aq.
 destillat. Oj.  (Imp. meas.)  Sp. tenuior, Oss.  (Imp.
 meas.)  Ph.L.)  Dose, from 6 to 20 mimirns.
   Liquor Mor'phias Sulpha'tis, Solution of Sul-
 phate  of Morphia.   (Morphia sulphat. gr. viij,
 aqua  destillat.  Oss.    Dissolve the  sulphate of
 morphia in the  water.—Ph. U. S.)  Dose, f£j to
 f^ij—containing from an eighth to a quarter of a
 grain.
   Liquor  Muci, see Mucus—1. Natri Oxymuria-
 tici, L. Sodae chlorinatae — 1. Nervinus  Bangii,
 Tinctura aetherea camphorata—1. Oleosus  Sylvii,
 Spiritus ammoniae aromaticus—1.  Opii sedativus,
 (Haden's,) see Tinctura opii.
    Liquor Opii  Sedati'vus.  An empirical pre-
 paration  by  a London druggist of the name of
 Battley.   It is  said to be an aqueous  solution
 of  opium, evaporated to  dryness to get rid of
 the acid resin, re-dissolved in water,  and  a small
 portion of alcohol added to give it  permanence,
 —Redwood.  It is devoid of many of the narcotic
 effects of opium.
    Liquor Ovi Albus. Albumen ovi—1. Panerea-
 ticus,  see Pancreas  — 1. Pericardii, see  Pericar-
 dium— 1. Plumbi acetatis, L. P. subacetatis — 1.
  Plumbi diacetatis, Liquor Plumbi subacetatis.
    Liquor Plumbi Subaceta'tis. L. SubncctittU
  Lithar'gyri   seu  Plumbi  Aceta'tis  SOU   Plumbi
  Diaceta'tis,  Goulard's Extrac'titm Sntur'ni, Li-
 thar'gyri Ace'tum, Ace'tum phinlbiciini sou satiir-
  ni'num, Solution of Subucctnte  of Lend, (F.)
  Liqueur de sous-acetate de Plomb.  (Plumb, acet.
  5xvj,  Plumb,  oriel, semivitr.  in  pulv.  subtil.
 ^ixss, aq. destillat.  Oiv.   Boil  together in a glass
  or  porcelain vessel, for half an hour,  occasionally
  adding distilled water, so  as to preserve the mea-
  sure.  Filter through paper, and keep the solu-
  tion in closely-stopped bottles.—Ph.  U. S.) It is 
LIQUOR
547
LISTS
used externally as a cooling  astringent, and dis-
cutient, when diluted with distilled water.
  Liquor Plumbi  Subaceta'tis Dilu'tus, L.
Subaceta'tis Lithar'gyri Compos'itus, Ij.  Plumbi
aceta'tis dilu'tus, L. Plumbi Diaceta'tis  dilu'tus,
Aee'tas Plumbi dil il turn alcohol'icum, Diluted So-
lu'tion of Snbac"etate of Lead, Aqua Sat ami seu
tetf'eta-miitera'Us  seu  Plumbi  seu  Goular'di
feu  Lithar'gyri  Aceta'ti  compos'ita,  Tinctu'ra
pi umbo'sit, Lead  water, Goulard water, (F.) Eau
blanche, Eau  de Goulard, Eau  vegeto-minerale,
 White  Wash, Royal Preventive.   (Liq. plumbi
mbacct.  f#j,  aqua destillat.  Oj.   Ph. U. S.)
 Properties the same as the last, but feebler.
   Liquor  Potas'sa, Aqua   Potas'sa  seu  Kali
 Cniist'ici seu Kali puri, Solution ofi Potash or of
 Potassa, Lixic'ium magistrtlle seu  Sapona'riitm,
 Sun]) Lees, Soap Ley, Lixiv'ium cau'sticum, Po-
 tas'sa liq'uidn, (F.) Eau, solution  ou liqueur de
 Pntnsse, Potasse liquide, Lessive tics Siironniers.
 (Potassa carb. Ibj, calcis. tbss, aqua destill. fer-
 vent, congium.  Dissolve tho alkali in Oij  of the
 water, and add the remainder of the lime.  Mix
 the whole: set aside in a close vessel, and, when
 cold,  filter through  calico.)  It is antilithic in
 cases of uric acid calculi, and antacid.   Extern-
 ally,  stimulant  and escharotic.   Dose, gtt.  x
 to xx.
   Liquor Potassa?  Arsenitis, L.  arsenicalis —
 1. Potassae Carbonatis, L. P. Subcarbonatis.
   Liquor Potassa; Citra'tis, Solution of Citrate
 of  Potassa,  Neutral Mixture,  Saline   Mixture.
 (Slice. Limon. Oss, Potass. Bicarbonat. q. s.) sa-
 turate by the carbonate of potassa,  and filter;  or,
 Acid.  Citric, ^ss ; Ol. Limon. Vi\. ij ; Aqua Oss,
 1'utass. Bicarbonat.  q. s.;  dissolve, saturate  by
 the carbonate  of potassa, and filter.  Ph. IT. S.)
 Used in fever, but probably of little  or no efficacy.
    Liquor Potassa Subcarbona'tis, L. Potassa
  Carbonatis (Ph. U. S.), Aqua A'a/i seu Kali pree-
  parati  seu Subcarbonatis Kali, O'leum  Tar'tari
  per deliq'ilium, Lixiv'ium Tartar!,  Oil of Tartar,
  Saline oil of Tartar, Solu'tion  of  Subcar'bonate
 of Potassa, (F.) Liqueur de sous-carbonate de Po-
 tasse, Lessive  de Tartre, Huile de  Tartre par ile-
  faillance.  (Potass, subear. Ibj, aqua   destillat.
 f^xij.  Dissolve and filter.   Ph.  U. S.)  Dose,
 gtt. x to xxx.
    Liquor Potassii  Iooidi  Compos'itus.   Com-
  pound Solution of Iodide of Potassium.  (Potas-
 sii iodid. gr. x, Iotlin. gr.  v, aqua destillat.  Oj.
  (Imp. meas.)  Ph. L.)  Dose, ft^j.
    Liquor, Propagatory, Sperm—1. Prostatieus,
 Prostatic liquor, see Prostate—1. Puris,  ses Pus.
    Liquor Sang'uinis-.  Blood liquor, (F.) Liqueur
 du Sung. A term given by Dr. B. Babington to one
 ofthe constituents of the blood, the other being
 the red particles.  It is the Hamatoplas'ma, the
 Plasma, of Schultz, Lymph,  Coagulable or plastic
 Lymph, the Mucago or Mucilage of Harvey, Hew-
 son and others, and the intercellular fluid of Leh-
 mann, (F.) Lymphe jrlastique ou coagulable. Sue
 uoui-ricicr, and is the effused material  from which
 the cells obtain the constituents of the  different
 tissues and secretions.   See Blood.
   Liquor of  Scarpa,  Vitrine auditive.
   Liquor Sem'inis.  The homogeneous,  transpa-
 rent fluid, in which the spermatozoids and semi-
 nal irrnnules are contained.   See Sperm.
   Liquor Sod.e, L. Soda Caustica, Solu'tion of
 Snd,i, Solu'tion of Caustic Soda.  (Prepared, like
 Liquor Potassae, from Carbonate of Soda.)
   Liquor Sod.e Carbona'tis, Solution  of Car-
 bonate of Sotla.   (Soda carbon, ^iss, (avoirdu-
 pois); Aqua destillat. Oj. (Imp. meas.)   Ph. D.)
 Dose, as an antacid, one to two tablespoonfuls,
 diluted with  water.
   Liquor Son f.  Ciii.oridt, L. sodm chlorinatae.
   Liquor Sod.e  Chlorina't.e, L. sodce  chlu'ridi
seu soda oxymurialica seu chlore'ti natri sen chlo-
rureti natri seu chloreti soda seu chlorure'ti soda,
seu natri oxymuriat'id, Natrum chlora'tum liq'-
uidum,  Aqua natri oxymuriat'ici,  Labarraqne's
Disinfecting  Liquid,   Solution  of  Chlorinated
Soda.   (Calcis  Chlorinat.  Ibj;  Soda  Garbonat.
Ibj ; Aqua cong. iss.   Dissolve the  carbonate of
soda in three pints of the water, with  the aid of
heat.    To the remainder of the water add,  by
small portions at a time, the chlorinated  lime,
previously well triturated, stirring the mixture
after each addition.  Set the  mixture  by for  se-
veral hours,  that the dregs may subside; decant
the clear liquid, and mix it with the solution of
carbonate of soda.  Lastly, decant the clear li-
quor from the precipitated carbonate of lime, pass
it through a linen  cloth, and keep it in bottles
secluded from the light.—Ph. U. S.) Used in  tbe
same cases as the  chloride of lime.  Internally,
 10 drops to a fluidracbm, for a dose.  Diluted
 with water, it is an excitant and disinfectant in
 various morbi extern!.
   Liquor Sodas Effervescens, Acidulous wa-
 ter, simple — 1. Sodae  Oxymuriaticae, L.  sodae
 chlorinatae—1. Stypticus Ruspini, Styptic, Ruspi-
 ni's—1. Sulphuricus Alcoolisatus, Spiritus aetheris
 sulphurici — 1.  Swietenis, L. hydrargyri oxymu-
 riatis— 1. Syphiliticus Turneri, L. hydrargyri
 oxymuriatis—1. Tartari emetici, Vinum antimonii
 tartarizati — 1.  of  Van Swieten, L. hydrargyri
 oxymuriatis.
   Liquor Volat'ilis  Cornu  Cervi, L. vnlolilis
 Cornu  Cerri'ni, L. volat'ilis  os'sium,  Volatile
 Liquor ofi Hnrtshnrn,  Spir'itus Lumbrico'rum  seu
 Millepeda'rum sen Cornu Cerri, Hartshorn, Spirit
 of Hnrtshnrn, Bone Spirit, (F.) Liqueur volatile,
 de Come tie cerfi.   This is a  solution  of subcar-
 bonate of ammonia, impregnated with  empyreu-
 matic oil.  It possesses the  same virtues  as  the
 subcarbonate of ammonia.   It  is in common  use
 to smell  at,  in faintings, Ac.
   Liquor Volatii.is  Ossium. L. volatilis cornu
 cervi—1. Zinci  Chloridi, see  Burnett's  Disinfect-
 ing Liquid.
   Liquor  Zinci  Sulpha'tis cum Camph'ora,
 Aqua  Zinci vitriirltlt!  cum  Cnmphoru  seu  ?■/-
 trial ica  compliant'ta seu aphthtilmicn, Common
 Eye  Water.   (Zinci  suljth.  3PS'  camphor.  £ij,
 aq. bit/Went. Oij;  dissolve and filter.)   Used as  a,
 lotion  for ulcers; or, diluted  with water, as a  col-
 lyrium.
   LIQUORICE.   Glycyrrhiza —1. Bush,  Abrus
 preeatorius—1. Juice, see Glycyrrhiza.
   Liquorice,  Refined, Extractum glyoyrrhizae
 — 1. Spanish, see  Glycyrrhiza — 1. Wild, Aralia
 nudicaulis, Galium circaezans.
   LIQUORTTIA.  Glycyrrhiza,
   LIRIODEN'DRON, from  \tptov, 'lily or tulip,'
 and SenHpov,  'tree.'   L. tulip/fern, Tnliplf era
 I.iriodeii'droit, Old wife's shirt, Tulip or Poplar-
 Tree,  Tulip-bearing or American Poplar, White
 Wood,  Ci/press Tree,  (New England.) (F.) Tuli-
 pier.    The bark — Liriodendron  (Ph. U.  S.)—
 especially of the root, of  this noble forest tree,
 which  is indigenous  in the  United States,  is  a
 strong aromatic bitter,  and has been employed
 advantageously as  a  tonic.   An active principle
 was separated from it by Professor J.  P. Emmet
 of the University of Virginia, and has been called
 Liriorlen'drin.  It is  not used in medicine.
   LIS BLANC, Lilium candidum—/.  Asphodele,
 Asphodelus  ramosus — /. des Etangs, Nymphaea
 alba.
   LISERO.Y,  GRAND. Convolvulus  sepium —
 /. des Haies, Convolvulus sepium—/. Michameek,
 Convolvulus panduratus.
   LISK, Inguen.
   LISTS, Flanks. 
LISTON'S ISINGLASS PLASTER 548           LITIIOTHRYPSIS
  LISTON'S ISINGLASS PLASTER, see Spa-
radrapum adhassivum.
  LITE, Air??.  A plaster, formerly made of ver-
digris, wax, and resin.—Galen.
  LITHAGOGECTASIA, Lithectasy.
  LITHAGO'GUM,  from  XiOos, 'a stone,' and
ayur, 'I expel.'  A  remedy which was supposed
to possess the power of expelling calculi.   Also,
a lithotomy forceps.
  LITHANTHRAX, Carbo fossilis.
  LITHANTHROKOKALI, Anthrakokali.
  LITHARGE, Pluinbi oxydum semivitreum—1.
of Gold, see Plumbi oxydum  semivitreum—1.  of
Silver, see  Plumbi oxydum semivitreum.
  LITHARGYRI ACETUM, Liquor plumbi sub-
acetatis.
  LITIIARGYRUM,  Plumbi  oxydum  semivi-
treum.
  LITHARGYRUS,  Plumbi  oxydum  semivi-
treum.
  LITHAS, Urate.
  LITHATE, Urate—1. of Soda, Urate of soda.
  LITHECTASY, Lithecta'sia, Lithagogecta'sia,
Lithodecta'sia,  from XtQos, : a stone,' and enroots,
' dilatation ;' Cystec'tasy.   An  operation  which
consists in  extracting stone from the bladder  by
dilating the neck of  the organ, after making  an
incision  in  the perineum, and opening the  mem-
branous portion of the urethra,
  LITH'IA, Lithlasis,  Lithogen'ia,  Urlasis,
Urolithiasis, Cachex'ia calcnlo'sn,  Calcu'l! Mor-
bus, Lapilla'tio, Genera'tio cal'culi, from XiBng,  'a
stone.'  The formation of stone, gravel, or con-
cretions in  the  human body.   Also, an affection
in which the eyelids are edged with small, hard,
and stone-like concretions.
  Litii'ia,   Car'bonate of,  Lith'ia Car'bonas,
Lith'ium Carbon'icum, (F.) Carbonate de Lithine.
A salt found in certain mineral waters,  which
have been  serviceable in lithuria.   Hence,  it has
been suggested in that morbid condition.
  Lithia Benalis Arenosa, Gravel—1. Renalis,
Nephrolithiasis—1. Vesicalis,  Calculi, vesical.
  LITHINE CARBONAS, Lithia, carbonate of.
  LITHIASIS, Lithia —1. Cystica, Calculi, ve-
sical—1. Nephritica, Gravel, Nephrolithiasis.
  Lithi'asis Pulmo'num, Pulnio'nes tartariztlti.
The formation  of concretions in the lungs, occa-
sioning at times Litho-phthlsis,Phthisis calculo'sa,
Phthisle calciileuse, of Bayle.
  Lithiasis Renalis Arenosa, Gravel — 1. Re-
nalis, Nephrolithiasis — 1. Vesicalis, Calculi, ve-
sical.
  LITHIC, Lith'icus.   Belonging to lithic  or
uric acid,  or to stone: hence  Lithic Diath'esis.
Also, an antilithic.
  Lithic Acid, Uric acid — 1. Acid  diathesis, Li-
thuria— 1. Diathesis, Lithuria—1. Sediments, see
Lithuria.
  LITHINE,  CAR BO A7ATE  DE, Lithia, car-
bonate of.
  LITHIUM  CARBONICUM, Lithia,  carbon-
ate of.
  LITHIURIA, Lithuria.
  LITHOCENOSIS, Lithotrity.
  LITHOCYSTOTOMY, Lithotomy.
  LITHOCLAST, see Lithotrity.
  LITHOCLASTIA, Lithotrity.
  LITHODECTASIA, Lithectasy.
  LITHODIAL'YSIS, from  XiOos,  'a stone,' and
lia'Svto,  'to dissolve.'   The dissolving of a stone
in the bladder.
  LITHODRAS'SIC, Lithodras'sicus. (F.)  Litho-
drassique,  from Xidos,  'a stone,' and Spaaeeiv,  'to
seize bold  of.'  An epithet  given to a form of
stone forceps—Pince lithodrassique—used  in the
operation  of  lithotrity, by  MM. Meirieu and
Tanchou.
  LITHOGENIA,  Lithia.
   LITHOID, Litho'des, Lithoi'des;  from h0o<,
 'stone,'and  etios, 'resemblance'  Ofthe nature
 of stone, or resembling stone: as
   LITHOIDES OS, see Temporal bono.
   LITHOLABE  (F.),  Litholabum,  from hdo;,
 'a stone,' and  Aa/3u>,  XafiPavw,  'I seize hold of.'
 An instrument, employed for  laying nold  of a
 stone in the bladder, and keeping it fixed, so that
 lithotritic instruments can act upon it.
   LITHOLABON, Forceps, (Lithotomy.)
   LITHOL'ABUM, from \i8oS, 'a  stone,' nnd
 Xa/j/?uvw, ' I seize.'  An  instrument concerned in
 extracting stone from the bladder.   It  had  va-
 rious shapes.—Fabricius  ab Aquapendente, Hil-
 danus.
   LITH'OLYTE, from  \t6os, 'a stone,'and Xvw,
 'I  dissolve.'  An  instrument,  of  the  catheter
 kind, for  conveying solvents  of calculi, into  the
 bladder.
   LITHOLYTIC, Lithontriptic.
   LITHOME'TRA, from Xtdos, 'a  stone,' and
 lirjrpa, ' the uterus.' Osseous, or other concretions
 of tbe uterus.
   LITHONEPHRITIS, see Nephritis.
   LITIIONLYTIC, Lithontriptic.
   LITIIONTIIRYPTIC,  Lithontriptic.
   LITIIONTRIP'TIC,  Lithontrip'tiens, Lillian-
 thryp'lic, Litholyt'ic,  Lithonlylie, Calcttlif'ragns,
 Sa.df'ragus,  from AiSoj,  'a stone,' and Bpvvru, 'I
 break in pieces.'  A remedy believed  to be capa-
 ble of dissolving calculi in tbe urinary passages.
 There is  not much reliance to be placed upon
 such  remedies.  By antilithics, exhibited accord-
 ing to the chemical character of the calculus (see
 Calculi, urinary,) the disease may be prevented
 from increasing; but most ofthe vaunted lithon-
 triptics  for dissolving  the  calculus already formed
 have been found unworthy of the  high enco-
 miums  which  have  accompanied their intro-
 duction.
   LITHOP^E'DION, Infans lapid'eus, Osteope-
 dion, from Ai-Jos, 'a  stone,'  and 7rais, naitios. 'a
 child.'  A foetus, petrified in  the body of  the
 mother.
   LITHOPH'AGUS, from \t6os, 'a  stone,' and
 cjia-yor, 'I eat.'  A stone-eater.   Cases are on re-
 cord  of persons  who have swallowed stones for
 purposes of exhibition.
   LIT1IOPHTHISIS,  see  Calculi,  pulmonary,
 and Lithiasis pulmonum.
   LITHOPRINIE, Lithotrity.
   LITHOPRIONE,  from Ai0o?,  'a  stone.' and
 xptorv, 'a saw.'   An instrument proposed by M.
 Leroy for preventing  the  fragments of a calculus,
 when subjected to lithotrity. from falling into the
 bladder.   It is a variety of litholabe.
   LITHOPRISIE, Lithotrity.
   LITHORINEU11, from  Xtdos,  'a  stone,' and
 ptvetv, 'to file.'  An instrument, proposed by MM.
 Meirieu and Tanchou for filing down calculi in
 the bladder.
   LITHOS,  Calculus.
   LITHOSPER'MUM OFFICINALE, Mil!urn
 Sob's, JEgon'yehon, Gromwell,  Bastard Al'kanet,
 Little-wale, (F.) Gremil officinal, Herbe mix Perl.es.
 Ord. Boragineae.  The seeds of this plant were
 formerly  supposed, from their  stony  hardness,
 (Xttios,  'a stone,' and a-neppia, 'seed,') to be effica-
 cious in  calculous affections.   They have, also,
 been considered diuretic.
   LiTnosPERMUM Villosum, Anchusa tinctoria.
   LITHOTERE'TIIBUM, from  Xtdos,  'stone,'
 and repttv, 'to rub.'  A lithotritor.
   LITHOTHLIB1E (F.), from Xt6t>s. 'stone,' and
 SAi|3u>,  'I crush.'  The  crushing of a friable cal-
 culus between a finger, passed  by the rectum or
 vagina as  far as the las-fond of the bladder, and
 a catheter introduced into the  bladder.
I  LITHOTIIRYPSIS, Lithotrity. 
LITIIOTHUYPTORS         54
  LITIIOTIIRYPTORS, see Lithotrity.
  LIT II t) TO M E, Lithol omits, from XtSos, 'a
(tone,'  rtuvur,  'I  cut,' and 7-0/117,  'an incision.'
This name has been given to a number of instru-
ments of different  shapes and  sizes,  which are
used in the operation  for the stone,  to  cut the
neck or body of the  bladder.   They ought, with
more propriety, to be called Cyslotomes.
  The  Lithotome  CacM of Frere  Come is the
most known, and is still  occasionally used.   It
is composed of a handle, and a  flattened  sheath,
sdightly curved: in  this there is a cutting blade,
which can be forced out, by pressing upon a bas-
cule or lever, to any extent that may be wished
by the operator.
  A Double Lithotome was used by Dupuytren
in his bilateral operation.  See Lithotomy.
  LITEOT'O.MIST.  Same etymon.   Litholo-
mitt.  One  who devotes himself entirely to ope-
rating  for  the stone.   One who practises litho-
tomy.
  LITHOTOMY, Lithotonlia, Cystotom'ia, Uro-
litlinloiu'ia,   Sccli'o   vesica'lis,   Litltocystot'omy.
Same etymon.  (F.)  Taillc.  Tbe operation by
which a stone is extracted  from the bladder.  The
different methods, according to which  this opera-
tion may be practised, are reducible to five prin-
cipal ;  each of which  has  experienced numerous
modifications.
  1. The Method of Celsus, Mctllodns Celsia'na,
Cystotom'ia cum  appara'tn  pare,,, Appara'tns
.Minor,  Cutting  on the Gripe.   This consisted  in
cutting  upon the stone, after having made it pro-
ject at  the perinaeum by means  of the fingers
introduced into the rectum.   This method was
uttended with  several inconveniences; such  as
the difficulty of dividing the parts  neatly, injury
done to the bladder, as well as  the impossibility
of drawing down the stone in many persons.   It
is sometimes, also, called Meth'odus Gitytoriia'na ;
from  Guy  de Chauliac having endeavoured  to
remove from it the discredit into which it had
fallen in his time.  It was  termed Apparatus Mi-
liar, (F.) Le petit appareil, from the small num-
ber of instruments required in it.
   2. Apparatus Major.   This  method was  in-
vented, in 1520, by John  de  Romani, a  surgeon
of Cremona,  and communicated  by him to Mari-
nno-Santo-di-Bnrletta,  whence it was  long called
Mariano's  Method,  Sec'tio Mariu'na.   It was
called,  also,  Apparatus Major,  and Cystotom'ia
seu Meth'odus cum appara'tn magno, (F.) Le grand
appareil,  from  the  number  of instruments re-
quired in it.  An  incision was made on  the me-
dian line; but the neck of the  bladder was not
comprehended in it.  It was merely dilated.  The
greater apparatus was  liable to many inconveni-
ences,  such as ecchymoses;  contusion; inflam-
mation  of  the neck  of the bladder;  abscesses;
urinary fistubx;  incontinence  of urine; impo-
tence, Ac.
   3. The High  Operation, Apparatus altns, Cys-
totom'ia cum apparatu alto,  C. Hypogas'trica,
 Epici/stolonl 1'a,  Lnjrarocystotom'ia,  Sectio  seu
Metlladus  Frnnconia'na,  S.  Hypogas'trica seu
nlta, (F.) Hunt appareil, Taille Hypogastrique,
 Tnille sus-pubienne, was first practised  by Peter
Franco, about the middle of  the  16th century.
It consisted in pushing the stone above the pubis
by the fingers introduced into the rectum. Rous-
set afterwards proposed to make the bladder rise
nhove the pubis by injecting it.   The method had
fallen into discredit, when Frere C&me revived it.
It is used  when the  cnlculus is very large.  It
was practised by opening first the membranous
part of  the urethra upon the catheter passed into
the canal.  Through  this incision, the Sonde &
rfm-rf —a  species of catheter,  having a spear-
pointed stilet— was introduced into the bladder.
9              LITHOTOMY
An  incision was then  made  into the linea alba,
above the symphysis pubis, of about four or five
fingers' breadth,  and  the peritoneum  detached
to avoid  wounding it.  The stilet  was  pushed
through  the  bladder, and used as a director for
the knife, with which  the  bladder  was  divided
anteriorly, as far as the neck : and the stone ex-
tracted.   It was performed  in England  by Dou-
glass, in  1719, and  since  by  others,  with various
modifications.
  4. The Loleral  Operation,  Hypocysteotom'ia,
Cystotom'ia latera'lis,  Cyst audi enotorrl in, Cysto-
trachelotom'iet,   Urethrocystauchenotonlia,  I ~re-
throcysteotruchelotonlia, Sec'tio latera'lis, Appa-
ra'tns  latera'lis,  (F.)  Appareil  lateralise,  so
named from  the prostate gland and neck of tho
bladder  being  cut laterally,  was  probably  in-
vented by Peter Franco.  It was introduced into
France by Frere Jacques de Beaulieu.   He per-
formed it with  rude  instruments,  invented  by
himself, and improved  by the suggestions of some
of  the Parisian  surgeons.   In England, it  re-
ceived its earliest and most  important improve-
ments from the celebrated Cheselden.  It is the
method  practised at the  present day, according
to different modes of procedure. In  this method,
the patient is placed upon a table;  his legs and
thighs are bent and separated: the hands being
tied to the feet.  The  perinaeum is then  shaved,
and a staff is introduced into the bladder; the
handle being turned towards the  right  groin of
the patient.  An oblique incision  is now made
from  the raphe to the middle of a line drawn
from  the anus  to  the  tuberosity of the ischium
of the left side ; and, taking  the staff for a guide,
the integuments, areolar tissue of the perinaeum,
membranous portion  of the  urethra, transversus
perinaai muscle, bulbo-cavernosus, some  fibres of
the levator ani, the  prostate and  neck of the
bladder,  are successively divided.  For this latter
part of the operation,  the knife, the beaked bis-
toury, Bistouri ou  Lithotome Cache,  cutting gor-
get, Ac,  is used, according to the particular pre-
ference.   The forceps  are now introduced into
the bladder, and   the  stone  extracted.   In tho
operation, care must be taken not to injure the
rectum, or the  great arterial vessels, distributed
to tbe perinaeum.
  A variety of  the  Lateral Apparatus, called  by
the French Appareil lateral, consisted in cutting
into the  lias-fond of the bladder, without touch-
ing  the   neck  of  that organ ;  but  it was soon
abandoned, on account of its inconveniences.
  The method of Le Cat and of Pajola—Urethro-
cysteo-aneurysmatotom'ia — consists  in  dividing
the prostate in  part  only, — the  enlargement
of  the  wound  being effected  by a  peculiar
dilator.
  The Bilaleral Operation is founded on that of
Celsus.  It consists in  making an incision poste-
rior to the bulb of the urethra, and anterior to
the anus, involving both sides of the perinaeum
by crossing the raphe at right angles: an incision
is then made through  the membranous  part of
the urethra, and the prostate may be cut bilate-
rally, either with the double lithotome of Dupuy-
tren, or the prostatic bisector of Dr. Stevens, of
New York.
  5. Lithotomy hy  the Rectum, Proctocystotom'ia,
Sec'tio recto-vesiea'lis, (F.) Taille par la Rectum,
Taille posteri'eure,  T.  Recto-resicnle.   This was
proposed by Vegetius  in  the 16th century ; but
it was never  noticed until M. Sanson, in the year
1S17, attracted attention  to it; since which timo
it has been successfully performed  in  many in-
stances.   It consists in penetrating the  bladder
through  the  paries corresponding with  the rec-
tum, by first cutting the spinchter ani and rectum
about the root of the penis, and penetrating the 
LITITOTRESIS             550                  LTVER
bladder by the neck of that organ, dividing  the
prostate,—or by its bns-fond.
  Lithotomy in women, from the shortness ofthe
urethra, is a comparatively insignificant operation.
  Lithotomy  by the Rectum, see Lithotomy—1.
by the Vagina, see Lithotomy.
  LITHOTRESIS, Lithotrity.
  LITIIOTRTPSIS, Lithotrity.
  LITHOTRIPSY. Lithotrity.
  LITIIOTRIPTORS, sec Lithotrity.
  LITUOTltlTES, see Lithotrity.
  LITIIOTR1TEURS, see Lithotrity.
  LITHOTBITOR, see Lithotrity.
  LITHOT'RITY,  Lithoirllia,  Lithotryp'sy,
Lithotripsy,  Lithothrip'sy,  Lithothrypsis,  Litho-
tre'sis,  Lithotripsis, Lithoceno'sis,  Lithoclas'tia,
Lithoprinie, Litlioprisie, (F.)  Broiement de la
Pierre, from XtSos, 'a stone,' and rpifiu, ' I break.
The  operation of breaking, bruising or sawing
the stone in the bladder.  It has been performed,
of late years, with success, by French, and, after
them, by English and American surgeons.   The
instruments employed for this purpose are called,
in the abstract, Lithotrites, Lithotritenrs, Lithol-
ritors, Lithotrlptors, Lithothryptors, Lithotrype'ta
and Lithoclnsts.   The most celebrated are those
of Civiale, Jacobson, Heurteloup and Weiss.   See
Brise-Pierre articnle ;  and Percuteur a, Jlarteau.
   LITHOTRYPET.E, see Lithotrity.
   LITHOXIDU'RIA, from XtOos,  'a stone,' ox-
ide, and ovpov,  'urine.'   The  discharge of urine
containing  lithic or xanthie oxide.
   LITHU'RIA, Liihiilriii, Lithure'sis,  Lithou-
rorrhee (Piorry); from Xtdos,  'a stone,' and ovpov,
'urine.' Lithic, or Lithic Acid, Diathesis.  The
condition of the system and of tbe urine in which
deposits of lithic acid and the lithates — Lithic
sediments or concretions—take place in the urine.
See Urine.
   LITIIUS, Calculus.
   LITMUS, Lichen roccella.
   LITRA,  Pound.
   LITRE, Litra. A measure  containing a cubed
decimetre, which is equal nearly to 2.1135 pints.
The ancients  gave the name litra, Xtrpa, to a mea-
sure  capable of containing 16  ounces of liquid.
   LITS/EA CUBEBA, Piper cubeba —1. Pipe-
rita,  Piper cubeba.
   LITTLE-WALE, Lithospermum officinale.
   LITUS, Liniment.
   LIVECHE, Ligusticum levisticum.
   LIVER, Sax.  lipep, Hepar, Jecur, Jec"inus,
 (F.)  Foie.  The liver is the largest gland in the
body.  It is an azygous  organ ; unsymmetrical;
very heavy;  and of a brownish-red  colour; oc-
 cupying the whole of the right bypochondrium,
and  a  part of the epigastrium.  Above, it corre-
 sponds to the diaphragm ; below, to the stomach,
transverse  colon, and right  kidney;  behind, to
the vertebral column, aorta, and vena cava;  and
 before, to the base of  the chest.  Its upper  sur-
face  is convex ; the lower, irregularly convex  and
 concave, so  that anatomists  have divided  the
 organ into three lobes, — a large or right or colic
 lobe;—a lesser lobe, lobule, or inferior lobe, the
 Lob'nine Spige'lii,—and a middle or left lobe. At
its inferior surface, are observed: — 1. A Sulcus
 or Furrow or Fissure, called  horizontal or longi-
 tudinal or  great fissure, Fossa Umbilica'lis,  (F.)
 Sillon horizontal, longitudinal ou de la veine om-
 bilicale. Sulcus antero-posterior Jec'oris seu hori-
zonta'lis Jec'oris seu  longitudina'lis Jecoris seu
sinis'ter Jecoris seu Umbilica'lis, which lodges, in
the foetus, the umbilical vein and ductus venosus.
2.  The Principal Fissure, termed  Sulcus Trans-
versus, Fossa transeer'sa, Transverse fossa, Sinus
Porta'rum, Porta, P. seu Manus Jec'oris seu He'-
patis Fossa or Fissure of the  Vena  porta, Portal
Fiss'ure or Fossa, (F.) Sillon transversal ou tie la
veine parte, which receives the sinus of the vena
porta.  3.  The Fissure ofthe  Yeun Cava infe'rinr,
Sillon de la veine cave inferieure, situate  at the
posterior  margin of the organ, and lodging tbe
vena cava inferior.   4.  The Lobulns Spige'lii, or
posterior portal eminence.  5. Tbe anterior portal
eminence,  Auriga  seu  Lobulns anon'yinus.  0.
Depressions corresponding to  tbe upper surface
of tbe stomach,  gall-bladder, arch of the colon,
right kidney, Ac.  Continued from the fus^a um-
bilicalis is a small fossa, called Fossa Dm-tus IV-
no'si, between the left lobe and Lobulus Spigelii.
The posterior margin of the  liver is very  thick;
much more so than  the anterior.  The liver in
surrounded by a serous or peritoneal  covering,
which forms for it a suspensory or broad ligament
and two lateral  and triangular  ligaments. See
Falx.  The blood-vessels  of  the  liver are very
numerous.  The  hepatic artery  and  vena porta
furnish it with the blood necessary for its nutri-
tion and the secretion of bile.   The hepatic veins
convey away the blood, which has served those
purposes.  The lymphatic  vessels are very nume-
rous; some being superficial; others deep-sealed.
The nerves are, also, numerous, aud proceed from
the pneumogastric, diaphragmatic, and from the
hepatic plexuses.
   Tbe intimate structure of  the parenchyma of
the liver has been well studied.  When cut, it pre-
sents a porous appearance, owing to the division
of a multitude of small vessels.  When  torn, it
seems  formed of  granulations:—the  intimate
structure  of which lias given  rise to many hypo-
theses.   In these granulations are contained the
radicles of the excretory  ducts  of tho bile: the
union of which constitutes the hepatic duct. .Ac-
cording to  Mr. Kiernan, the  intimate structure
consists of a number of lobules—hepatic lobules,
hepatic islets—composed  of intralobular  or he-
patic veins, which convey the blood  back that
has been  inservient to the  secretion of bile. The
interlobular plexus of veins is formed by branches
of the vena porta, which contain  both  the blood
of the vena porta and of the  hepatic artery ; both
of which, according  to Mr. Kiernan, furnish the
pabulum  of the  biliary secretion.  The  biliary
ducts form likewise an interlobular plexus, having
an arrangement similar to  that  of  the inter-
lobular veins.  Mr. Kiernan's views are embraced
by many  anatomists;  but are denied by some.
   The liver is the  only organ, which, indepen-
dently of the red blood carried to it by the hepa-
tic artery, receives black blood by the vena porta.
The general opinion  is, that the vena porta is the
fluid which furnishes bile, whilst that of the artery
affords blood for the  nutrition  of the liver.  It is
probable, however, that bile is secreted from the
blood of the latter vessel.  Besides bile the liver
forms sugar, and is a great assimilating organ.
   The liver is liable  to a. number of disensec
The principal are — Hepatitis or inflammation,
cancer, biliary calculi, encysted and other tumours
or  tubercles, hydatids, Ac.; and  it has, at times,
been the fashion to refer  to it  as the  cause of
symptoms with which it is no wise connected.
   Liver, Hepar.  Under this name the ancients
designated several substances, having a brownish
colour analogous to that of the liver; and com-
posed of  sulphur and some other body.  See Po-
tassae Sulphuretum, Liver of Sulphur.
   Liver  of Antimony is  the semi-vitreous sul-
phuret, Ae.
   Liver  Disease, Hepatopathia — 1. Fatty, Adi-
posis hepatica—1. Gin, L.  nutmeg—1. Gin-drink-
ers', L. nutmeg — 1.  Granulated, Cirrhosis of tbe
liver.
   Liver-Grown, Tu'mido jec'ore  pra'ditui.
Having a large liver. 
LIVIDUS MUSCULUS         5
   Liver, Hobnail, Cirrhosis  of the liver — 1.
 Mammillat.ed, Cirrhosis of the liver.
   Liver, Nutmeg, Hepar rnricgn'tiim,  Tn'beri-
 for in liver.   An appearance of the liver when cut
 across, resembling  that of the section of a nut-
 meg, Myristica'tio  he'patis, supposed by some to
 be the result of intemperance in the use  of alco-
 holic  drinks; but occurring under other causes.
 The terms  whisky  liver, gin-drinkers' liver,  and
 gin liver, occasionally applied to it, are, conse-
 quently, not distinctive.
   Liver Spot, Chloasma,
   Liver, Tuberculatkd, Cirrhosis of the liver
 —1. Tuberifonn, L. nutmeg.
   Liver Weed, Hepatica triloba.
   Liver, Whisky,  Liver, nutmeg.
   Liver Wort, Hepatica triloba, Marchantia po-
 lyinorpha—1. Wort, ground, ash-coloured, Lichen
 caninus — 1. Wort,  Iceland, Lichen Islandicus —
 1. Wort, noble, Hepatica triloba.
   LIVIDUS  MUSCULUS, Pectinalis.
   LIVOR,  Suggillation—1. Emortualis, see Sug-
 gillution—1. Sanguineus, see Ecchymoma.
   LIV11E,  Pound.
   LIVRET, Omasum.
   LIXIVIA TARTARIZATA. Potassae tartras
 — 1. Vitriolata, Potassae  sulphas — 1. Vitriolata
 sulphurea, Potassae sulphas cum sulphure.
   LIXIVI.E seu KALICUM ACETAS,  Potassae,
 acetas.
   LIXIV'IAL, Lixivio'sus, from  lixivium, 'lee.'
 (F.) Lixivial,  Lixivieux.  An ancient term for
 salts obtained by washing vegetable ashes,—such
 us the fixed alkalies.
   LIXIVIA' T ION, Elixivia'tion, Lixivia'tio,
 Same etymon.  An operation  which consists in
 washing wood-ashes with water, so as to dissolve
 the soluble  parts.   The filtered liquor is the lee.
   LIXIV'IUM, Lixiv'ia, Con'ia,  Lee, Ley, Lye,
 (F.) Lessive.  Any solution containing potassa or
 soda—Sal lixivio'snm—in excess; from lix, 'lye.'
   Lixivium  Ammoniacal!:, Liquor ammonia; —
 1. Ammoniacale aromaticum,  Spiritus ammoniac
 aromaticus — 1. Causticum, Liquor potassae — 1.
 Magistrate,  Liquor  potassae — 1. Saponarium, Li-
 quor potassae — 1. Tartari, Liquor potassae sub-
 carbonatis.
   LIXIVUS CINIS, Potash of commerce.
   LIZARD, Lacer'ta, Lacer'tus, said to be  SO
 called in consequence of  its limbs resembling the
 arms  (lacerti) of man [?].  Saura, Sattros, (F.)
 Lizard.  Lizards were formerly employed in me-
 dicine as sudorifics; and were, at one time,  ex-
 tolled  in syphilis,  cutaneous  affections,  and  in
 cancer.
   LIZARD'S TAIL, Saururus cernuus.
   LOADED, see Enduit.
   LOADSTONE, Magnet.
   LOATHING, Disgust.
   L0I1ARIA  ISLANDICA, Lichen Islandicus
 — 1. Pulmonaria, Lichen pulmonarius — 1. Saxa-
 tilis, Lichen Saxatilis.
   LOBE, Lobus.  A round, projecting part of an
 organ.  The liver, lungs, and brain, for example,
 have lobes.
   Lobe'of the Ear, Lob'ule of the Ear, is a soft,
 rounded  prominence,  which terminates the cir-
 cumference of the pavilion inferiorly, and which
 is  pierced in those who wear rings.
   The  under surface of the brain is divided into
 lie , anterior, two lateral, two posterior, and two
 intermediate lobes or processes.  These Chaussier
 calls lobules of the brain: the  cerebral hemi-
 spheres he terms lobes.
  Lobe, Biven'tral.  A  wedge-shaped lobe  of
 the cerebellum,  situate behind the amygdala.
  LOBE  DOUDENAL,  Lobulus  Spigelii — /.
Pniic-cntiijiic, Lobulus Spigelii — /. Petit dufioie, I
Lobulus Spigelii—/.  de Spigel, Lobulus Spigelii.  |
51                LOBULUS
   LOBELIA, BLUE, L. syphilitica.
   Lobe'lia Cardina'lis, Lobelia coccin'eo, Tra-
 che'linm Ameri'canum,  Car'dinal Plant, Cardi-
 nal Flower, Scarlet  Lobelia.  Ord.  Lobeliacese.
 This species is  indigenous  in  the United States.
 It blooms in autumn,  having beautiful carmine
 flowers.  The root is a reputed anthelmintic with
 the Indians.
   Lobelia Coccinea, L. Cardinalis.
   Lobelia Infla'ta, Indian  or  Wild Tobac'co,
 Puke Weed,  Asthma Weed, Eyebright, Emet'ic
 Weed, Lobe'lia (Ph.  U.  S.).   The prominent vir-
 tues of this American  plant are  those  of an
 emetic.  In smaller  doses it is sedative, and has
 been given as  a pectoral in croup,  asthma, Ac.
 It is, also, sudorific and cathartic, and is an ac.ro-
 narcotic poison.  Twenty grains act as an emetic.
   Lobelia, Palespiked, L. spicata.
   Lobelia Pinifo'lia.   A  South African plant,
 the root of which is excitant and  diaphoretic.
 A decoction of  it is  sometimes used in the Cape
 Colony as a domestic remedy in  cutaneous affec-
 tions, chronic rheumatism, and gout.
   Lobelia, Scarlet, L. Cardinalis.
   Lobelia Spica'ta, Palespiked Lobelia; indi-
 genous : is a diuretic.
   Lobelia Syphilitica, L.  refie.r'a,  Ranurl-
 enhts  Virgiiiia'nus,  Rtipnn'tiiim Syphiliticum,
i Blue Lobelia, Blue Car'dinal Flower.  The root
 of this plant, which  is  indigenous in the United
 States, is an emetic and drastic cathartic.   It has
 been used  in  syphilis;  hence  its  name.   The
 mode of preparing it is  to boil ^ss  of the  dried
 root in Oxij of water, until  the fluid it reduced
 to Oviij.   Dose, Oss.
   LOBES BIJUMEAUX, Quadrigemn.a  tuber-
 cula—1. Cerebral, see Lobe.
   Lobes of the Liver,  Pinna seu Lobiseu P'nl-
 nula He'patis.  See  Lobule.
   Lobes,  Optic,  Quadrigemina tubercula—/.
 Optiques, Quadrigemina tubercula.
   LOBI HEPATIS,  Lobes of the liver —1. Pul-
 monum, see Pulmo.
   LOB'ULAR,  Lobula'ris.   Same etymon as Lo-
 bule.  Relating to  or belonging to a lobule :—aa
 lobular pneumonia, (F.) Pneumonie  lobulrtire, P.
 mamelonnie, P. disseminee.  Pneumonia anatomi-
 cally characterized by nuclei of red or gray hepa-
 tization disseminated in  variable  numbers in one
 or both lungs.
   Lobular Biliary Plexus. The plexus formed
 of lobular hepatic ducts, which are derived chiefly
 from the interlobular. This plexus forms the prin-
 cipal part of the substance of the lobule.
   Lobular Venous Plexus.  The plexus inter-
 posed between the interlobular portal veins, and
 the intralobular hepatic vein.
   LOB'ULE, Lob'ulus,  diminutive  of lobus,  'a
 lobe.'  A little lobe.  Mr. Kiernan uses the term
 lobule, for the acinus  of the liver  of many anato-
 mists.
   Lobule  of the  Corpus Striatum, Insula ce-
 rebri— 1. of the Ear, Lobe ofthe Ear — 1. of the
 Fissure of Sylvius, Insula cerebri—/.  du Foie, Lo-
 bulus Spigelii—1. of the Liver, see Liver—1. of the
 Lung, see Pulmo—1.  Pneumogastric,  Flocculus.
   LOBULI,  see Lobulus — 1. Pulmonales, see
 Pulmo.
   LOBULUS  ACCESSORIUS  ANTERIOR
 QUADRATUS,  L. anonymus.
   Lob'ulus seu Lobus Anon'ymus, L. aceesso'.
rius ante'rior  quadra'tits,  L. quadra''tits,  (F.)
 Eminence porte anterieure.   This  is situate in the
liver between the passage for the  round ligament
and the gall-bladder,  and is  less  prominent, but
broader,  than the Lobulus caudatus.   From the
lobulus anonymus a bridge runs across the pas-
sage for the round  ligament.  It is  called Pons
seu Isthmus he'patis. 
LOBUS
5'> 2   LOISELEURIA  r ROC UM B ENS
  Lobulus  seu  Lobus  Cauda'tus,  Proces'sus
cnudiitus.  This  is merely the root or one of the
angles ofthe lobulus Spigelii, advancing towards
the middle of the lower  side  of the great lobe,
and representing a kind of tail.  Also, the termi-
nation ofthe helix andanthelix of the ear, which is
separated from the concha by an extensive fissure.
  Lob'ulus  Centra'lis.   A small lobule or pro-
minence of the superior vermiform process of the
cerebellum, situate in the incisura anterior.
  Lobulus Nasi, see Nasus — 1. Pneumogastri-
eus, Flocculus—1. Posterior, L. Spigelii—1. Pos-
ticus  papillatus,  L.  Spigelii — 1. Quadratus, L.
anonymus—1.  Renum, Ferrein, pyramid of.
  Lobulus seu Lobus Spige'lii, L. paste'rior seu
posticus pajrilla'tus, (F.) Eminence parte poste-
rieure, Lobule  ou Petit lobe du foie, Lobe de Spi-
gel ou duoddial  ou pancrSatique, is situate near
the spine, upon the left side  of the great lobe of
the liver, and is of a pyramidal shape, projecting,
like a nipple, between the cardia  and vena cava,
at the small  curvature of the stomach.
  LOBUS, Lobe, see Lobulus — 1. Quadrangula-
ris, see Cerebellum — 1.  Semilunaris, see Cere-
bellum—1. Superior anterior,  see Cerebellum — 1.
Superior posterior, see Cerebellum.
  LOCAL, Loca'lis, Top'icus, Mer'icus, Partia'lis,
Toir'ical, (F.)  Locale,  Topiqne.  An  affection  is
called local — Morbus Loca'lis, — when  confined
to a part, without implicating the general system ;
or. at all events, only secondarily.  Local is thus
opposed to general. A local or topical application
is one used externally.  See Topical.
  LOCH, Looch.
  LOCHADES,  see Sclerotic.
  LOCHI'A or LO'CHIA, Purgamen'ta Puerpe'-
rii seu  U'teri, Purga'tio puerpe'rii,  Lyrna, from
X>i%os, 'a  woman in childbed,' Xoxit", 'parturi-
tion;'  (F.)  Suites  de couches,  Vidanges.   The
eleansings.   A sero-sanguineous discharge follow-
ing delivery.  During the first two or three days,
it is bloody: but afterwards becomes green-co-
loured.—green waters—and exhales a disagreeable
and   peculiar  odour.   The  lochia, in  different
stages, have received the names Lochia crualta,
L. sero'sa and L. alba seu muco'sa seu  lac'tea.
The duration,  quantity, and  character of the dis-
charge vary according to numerous circumstan-
ces.   It flows  from the part  of the uterus which
formed a medium of communication between the
mother  and  foetus, and continues, usually, from
14 to  21 days.  See Parturition.
  L0CHI0CO5LIITIS, Puerperal fever.
  LOCIIIODOCHIUM, Lochodochium.
  LOCHIOPYRA, Puerperal fever.
  LOCHIORRHAG'TA, from lochia, and pnyvvpi,
'I make an  irruption.'   An immoderate flow of
tbe lochia.  Hemorrhage from the uterus in the
child-bed state.
  LOCHIORRHCE'A,  from /oeA?Vi, and  peer, 'I
flow.'  Discharge or immoderate discharge of the
lochia.
  LOCHIORUM RETENTIO, Ischolochia.
   LOCHIOSCHESIS, Ischolochia.
   LOCHOCH, Looch.
  L 0 C H 0 D 0 CII I'U M, Lochiodochlum, from
A>x<>5, 'a female in  childbed,' and htxoriat, 'I re-
ceive.'  An  institution for the reception  of preg-
nant  and childbed females.  A Lying-in-hospital.
   LOCHOMETRITIS, see Metritis'
   LOCHOMETROPHLEBITIS, see Phlebitis.
   LOCHOOPHORITIS.  see Oaritis.
   LOCHOPERITONITIS, see Peritonitis.
   LOCH OS, Puerpera,
   LOCI, Uterus—1. Muliebres, Uterus, Vulva.
   LOCK  HOSPITAL.   A  term of  uncertain
origin, generally given to  venereal hospitals  in
Great Britain.
  LOCKED JAW, Trismus.
  LOOKING, CoNofemoral articulation.
  LOCOMOTILITV, see Locomotion.
  LOCOMO'TION,  Locomo'tio, from  locus,  'a
place,' and movere, motiim,'to move.'   An action
peculiar  to animal bodies, by which they trans-
port themselves  from place to place.  It, ns well
as musculation, has  also been used for the func-
tion of animal movements.  The faculty is some-
times called Locomotiv'ity and Locomotility.
  Locomotion of  an Arterv, is the movement
produced in the vessel with a curvature, by the im-
pulse of the blood  sent from the  heart,  which
tends to straighten  the artery, and causes  the
movement in question.
  LOCOMOTIVITY, see Locomotion.
  LOCULAMENTA  COLI. see Colon.
  LOCUS  CINEREUS, Substantia ferruginea.
  Locus Niger, see  Peduncles of the Brain.
  Locus Peufora'tus Anti'cus seu Ante'rior,
A triangular flat surface of the brain, which cor-
responds to the  posterior  extremity of each ol-
factory process in front of the optic tract, and
near the entrance of the fissure of Sylvius.  Sub-
stantia seu Lam'ina perfor-tlta ante'rior.
  Locus Perforatus Posticus, see Tarini pons.
  LOCUST, BLACK, Robinia Pseudo-acacia.
  Locust Eaters, Acridophagi—1.  Plant,  Cassia
Marilandica—1. Tree, Robinia Pseudo-acacia.
  Locust, Yellow,  Cladrastis tinctoria.
  LODGED, Wedged.
  LODOICEA, see Coco of the Maldives.
  LOECHE, MINERAL  WATERS OF, Leuk,
mineral waters of.
  LCEME,  Plague.
  LO^MIA, Plague.
  LCEMICUM. see Lcemology.
  LfEMOCIIOLOSIS, Fever, yellow.
  LffiMOCOMI'UM, from Xoiuos,  'plague,' and
Kopteto, ' I take care  of.'   Au  hospital  for those
affected with plague.
  LCEMOGRAPHY, Loimography.
  LC3M0L0GIUM, see Lcemology.
  L (E M 0 L' 0 G Y,  La molog"ia,  from  Xoipos,
'plague,' and Xoyos. 'a description.'  The doc-
trine of plague and pestilential diseases.  A trea-
tise on the same,—Loe'micitm, Lcemolog"ium.
  LC3MOPHTHALMIA, see Ophthalmia.
  L03M0PYRA, Plague.
  LC3MOS, Plague.
  LOGADES, Sclerotic.
  LOGADITIS, Sclerotitis.
  LOGIA'TROS, Login'ter; from Xoyos, 'a word,'
and tarpos,  'a  physician.'  In the  bad sense, a
physician without experience: a mere theorist.
In  the good sense, a rational  physician ; one who
treats  disease according to  theoretical or scien-
tific principles.
  LOGONEURO'SES, from Xoyos, 'mind, reason,'
and vevpov,  'a nerve.'  Diseases  of the mental
activity.—Romberg.
  LOGOS. Reason.
  LOGWOOD, Haematoxylon Campechianum.
  LOG"Y,  Xoyos, 'a description.'  A  suffix de-
noting 'a  treatise or description.'   Hence,  An-
giologi/ and Neuro/ony, Ac.
  LOHOCII. Looch.
  LOIMOCHOLOSIS, Fever, yellow.
  LOIMOG'RAPHY, Loimograph'ia,  Lfrmog'-
raphy, from  Xoiuos,  'plague,'  and  ypae)ur,  'I de-
scribe.'  A description of the plague and pesti-
lential diseases.
   LOIMOLOGY,  Loemolo"-y.
   LOIMOS, Plague.
  LOINS. Lumbi.
   LOISELEU'RIA   PROCUM'BENS,  Aza'lea
procunlbens; indigenous; Order, Ericaceae; has
some reputation as an astringent. 
LOLIACF.UM  RADICE  REPENTE     553           LOOCH  ROUGE
  LOLIACEUM RADICE REPENTE, Triticum
repens.
  LOLIUM ANNULUM, L. temulentum.
  Lo'lii M  Temulent'um, L. an'niinm, Crepn'lia
lentitleiltn,  Bromus temttlen'tns,  Darnel,  (Prov.)
Uuckqrass, Jnni, (F.) Herbe d'Ivrogne.  A species
uf tlie genus Lolium, (F.) Ioraie ;  Ord.  Grami-
neie :  S,-x.  Syst.  Triandria  digynia,  which  has
decidedly poisonous properties; occasioning, when
mixed in   bread  or beer, intoxication, vertigo,
nausea, and vomiting.
  LOME A IRE, Lumbar.
  LOMBES, Lumbi.
  LOMISO-ABDOMINAL,  Transversalis abdo-
minis— /.  Costal, Serratus  posticus inferior — /.
 Castir-trachelien, Sacro-lumbalis—/.  Dorso-spinal,
Transversalis dorsi—/. Dorso-trachelien, Longis-
sitnus  dorsi — /. Humd-al, Latissimus dorsi — /.
 Sucre, Lumbo-sacral.
  I.OMBIIIC, Ascaris lumbricoides.
  LOMBRIOA UX,  Lumbricales.
  LOMBHICO'/DE, Ascaris lumbricoides.
  LONCHADES, see Sclerotic.
  LONCHADITTS, Sclerotitis.
  LONCHITIS, Polypodium filix mas.
  LONG, Longus, Macros.   That which is much
 greater in  length  than  in breadth  ;  as the long
 bones.  The epithet is,  also, applied to  several
 muscles, to distinguish them from others of simi-
 lar function, when the  latter are  shorter.  We
 pay, for instance, long flexors, and long extensors,
 in opposition to short flexors, and short extensors.
  LONG  DU COU, Longus colli — /, du  Dos,
 Longissimus dorsi.
  LOXG.EVUS, Macrobiotic.
  LONG ANON, Rectum.
  LON'GAON, Rectum.
  LON'GAS, Rectum.
  L 0 X G E V ' I T Y, Longa'vitas,  from  longus,
 'long,' and avum, 'age,' Macrobio'sis, Maerobl-
 ntes.  The  prolongation  of  existence to  an ad-
 vanced age.  2In.ller collected examples of  more
 than  one thousand centenarians.  He had know-
 ledge of sixty-two  persons aged from 110 to 120
 years;  of  twenty-nine,  from 120 to 130  years;
 and of fifteen, who had attained from 130 to 140
 years.  Beyond  this advanced age, examples of
 longevity are much more rare and less sufficiently
 attested.
  The following list of instances of very advanced
 ages has been given :
                            Li red. Age.
 Apollonius  of Tyana.......A. D. 99...130
 St.  Patrick........................  491...122
 Attila..............................  500...124
Llywnrch Hen...................  500...150
St.  Coemgene...................  618...120
Piastus. King  of Poland......  861...120
Thomas Parr..................... 1635... 152
Henry Jenkins............___ 1670...169
Countess of Desmond......... 1612...145
Thomas Damme................ 1648...154
Peter Torten..................... 1724...185
Margaret Patten................ 1739...137
John  Rovin and wife.......... 1741...172 and 164
St. Monagh or Kentigen...... 1781...185

  Longevity also means  length or duration of Iifie,
IF.) Duree  de  la vie The  mean age at  death,
(F.) I ic moyenne, of different classes and profes-
sions  enables an estimate to be  formed  of the
expectation  or value of life in each,
  LOXGT.VG.  Malacia.
  LONGISSIMUS, superlative of longus,  'long.'
Longest. A term  applied  to parts, which are
very long in their relation to others.
  LDXGIS'SIMUS DORSI. Semi-spina'tits, (F.)
Lombo-tlorso-trachelii n. Portion costo-trachelien ne
du sacrospinal (Ch.), Long  dorsal,  Long du dos,
is  situate vertically at the posterior part  of the
trunk, and fills, in a great measure, the vertebral
furrows.   It  is thick and almost square below ;
thin and pointed above.  It  is  attached  to the
posterior surface of the sacrum, to the transverse
processes  of  all  the lumbar and dorsal vertebrae,
and to the inferior margin of the last 7 or 8 ribs.
It maintains the vertebral column in a straight
position :  straightens it when  bent forwards, and
can even carry it back.  It also assists in the ro-
tatory motion of  the  trunk.
   Longissimus  Femoris, Sartorius — 1.  Oculi,
Obliquus superior oculi.
   LONG-SIGHTEDNESS, Presbytia.
   LONGUS, Long.
   LONGUS  COLLI,  (F.) Pre-dorso-cerrical, Pre-
dorso-atlindien, (Ch.,) Long du con.  This muscle
is situate at the anterior and superior part of the
vertebral column.  It is long, flat,  and broader
at its  middle than at its extremities, which are
pointed. It is attached to the anterior surface of
the bodies of the first  three dorsal and last six
cervical vertebrae; to the intervertebral ligaments ;
to the anterior edge of the transverse processes of
the last five cervical  vertebrae ;  and  to the tuber-
cle on the  anterior arch of the first.  This muscle
bends the cervical vertebras upon each other and
upon the dorsal vertebne. If the upper portion
acts on one side only, it occasions the rotation of
the atlas on the vertebra dentata;  and,  conse-
quently, of the head  on  the neck.
   LONICERA CERMANICA, L. Periclymenum
—1. Marilundica, Spigelia Marilandica.
   Lonice'ra  Periclym'enum,  L.  German'iea,
Periclyni'enum, P. vulga'i e, Cuprifo'lium, C. Peri-
el ipnl c num seu sylvalicum seu distinct'um, Common
 Woodbine,  Honeysuckle,  (Prov.)  Stickling, (F.)
Chevre-feuille.   This common  plant  is slightly
astringent and tonic,  and was formerly much used
in gargles.
   Lonice'ra  Sempervi'rens,  Caprifio'lium sem-
pervirens, Scarlet or  Trumpet  Honeysuckle. Ord.
Caprifoliaceae;  indigenous.   A  syrup  of the
leaves is said to  have been given in asthma and
in amygdalitis. [?]
   LONK.  Coxofemoral articulation.
   LOOCH, Lohoch,  Lodi,  Lochoch,  Looch,  of
Arabic extraction.  A linetus.   See Eclegma and
Eclectos.
   Looch  absque  Emulsio'ne  Para'tum, Look
prepare sans emulsion; Looch jrrepnred without
emulsion.  (Pulv. g.  trag. gr.  xvj—gr  xxx, ol.
amygd. dulc.  ^>f., sacchar. ,^j, aqua oiij, aqua
fior.  aurant. 3|ij.   Mix by rubbing in a marble
mortar.)   Demulcent.
   Looch Album, L. amygdali'num, Linetus albus
seu amygdalinus  seu  commu'nis, Eel eg'ma album
seu gummo'so-oleo'suni,  (F.) Looch  blanc, L.  b.
amygdalin, L. b. pectoral.  (Amygd.  dulc. ^ss,
amygd. amar. No. ij,  sacchar. nib. ^iv.  Make an
emulsion by gradually adding 5jiv of water. Then
take pulv. tragacanth.  gr. xvj.  ol.  amygd. dulc.
recent, z,*?, sacch.  gij.  Add  the  almond milk
gradually to this, and afterwards aq. fior. aurant.
gij. Ph.  P.)   It is demulcent  and pectoral.
   Looch Amygdalinum, L.  album — /. Blanc, L.
album—1. cum  Croco et pistaciis, L. viride — 1.
of Egg. L. ex Ovo.
   Looch ex  Ovo, L. pectom'le len'iens, Potio seu
emulsio  sen  mistu'ra len'iens  seu oleo'sn. Loach
of Egg, (F.) Look d'trufi, Looch  rouge. Emulsion
huileuse, Miiture calmante, Potion pectorale, Lait
adoueissant.   (Vitell. ovi. recent. S**, ol. amygd.
dulc. ,^iss, syrup, althaa, ,^j.   Rub  in a mortar,
nnd  add  by degrees, nq. fior.  aurant.  ^j, nq.
papav. rhtearl. ^ij.   Ph. P.)   Virtues tbe same
as the preceding.
   LOOCH ROUGE, L. ex  Ovo — /.  Vert,  L.
viride. 
                   LOOK                   5:

  Looch Vir'ide, L. cum croce et pista'ciis, (F.)
Looch  vert.   (Syrup. Yiolar. ^j, fi'iicf. c?-o<-t gtt.
xx., aqua giv.  .Mix. and add pistacia semin. sice.
gvj.   Ph. P.)  Virtues like the last.
  LOOK, Looch—/. cl(Eitf,  Looch  ex ovo—/.
Prepaid sans emulsion, Looch absque emulsione
para turn.
  LOOSE  STRIFE,  CREEPING,  Lysimachia
nummularia—1. s. Four-leaved, Lysimachia quad-
rifolia.
  LOOSENESS,   Diarrhcea —1.  of  the Teeth,
Odontoseisis.
  LOPEZ  RADIX, Radix lopezia'na  seu  Iil-
dica lopezia'na.  The root of an unknown Indian
tree, not possessed of any remarkable  smell  or
taste, or of any  appearance of resinous matter.
It has  been extolled, notwithstanding, in cases  of
colliquative diarrhoea.  Gaubius compares its ac-
tion  to that  of simarouba, but  thinks it  more
efficacious.
  LOPHADIA, Lophia.
  LOPHIA,  Lopha'dia, Xo<t>ta.   The upper part
of the neck.   The first vertebra  of the back  —
 Ver'tebra dorsi prima.—Gorraeus.
  LOPIMA, Fagus castanea.
  LOQUACITY, Garnllitas; from loquor,  'I
speak.   (F.) Babillement.   The  act  of  speaking
with volubility.  It is sometimes a symptom  of
disease,  and  is  observable in  hysteria, Ac.
  LOQUELA.  Voice,  articulated — 1. Abolita,
Aphonia—1. Blaesa, Balbuties — 1. Impedita, Ba-
ryphonia.
  LORDO'SIS, Lordo'ma, from  Aoprloj,  'curved,'
'bent.' Repanda'tio, llejian'tUtas. A name given
to curvatures of the bones in general;  and par-
ticularly to that of the vertebral column forwards ;
Spina  dorsi intror'suin fi.e.ra, Emprosthocyrto'ma.
This gives rise to the projection of the sternum
called  chicken-breasted or pigeon-breasted.   Pec-
tus carina'turn, Piif'eon breast, narrow chest.
  LORIND  MATRI'CIS, Epilepsia  uterina,
 Convulsi'viis ute'ri morbus,  A barbarous  name
given to a pretended epilepsy of the womb.
  LORIPES, see Kyllosis.
  LOR US, Hydrargyrum.
  LOT,  Urine.
  LOTA MOLVA, see Oleum jecoris  aselli —1.
Vulgaris, see Oleum jecoris aselli.
   LOTIO, Enema,  Lotion — 1.  Cupri  sulphatis
camphorata,  Lotion,  camphorated,  of Bates — I.
Rubra, Lotion, camphorated, of Bates.
  LoTIO Rubra,  Red  wash,  (Hydrarg. ehlorid.
corrosiv.  gr. xviii ;  H. snlphitreti rubr. gr. ix ;
 Creasot. TT\_,  vi;  Aqua  f^viij.   May be used  in
the proportion of f'^j ; to from  1*3i to f^iij  of
water; like the yellow wash.
  Lotio Saponacea, see Sapo.
  LO'TION, Lo'tio, Lotu'ra,  from lavare lotum,
'to wash.'   (F.)  Hydrolotifi, HydroU.   A   fluid
external application.   Lotions are ordinarily ap-
plied by wetting  linen in them and keeping  it  on
the part affected.
  Lotion, Barlow's,  Lotion  of Snlph'nret  of
potass'ium.  (Potassii sulphur. "Jiij ; Sapon.  "Jiss;
Aq.  Calcis,  f^viiss; alcohol,  dibit,  f.^ij. M.)
Used in  various chronic cutaneous diseases.
  Lotion,  C^mph'ohated, of  Bates,  Bates s
camph'orated water, Lo'tio cupri sulpha'tis  cam-
phora'ta, Lo'tio rubra. Red wash. (Cupri sulphat.
gij ; Bol. rubr. "Jij :  Camphor, 3>s ; Aq. bullient.
Oij.   Strain  through  linen,  f "Jij of this, added
to f.'fiv of water, forms  Bates's  Collyrium, Col-
lyr'ium Batea'num, which may also  be made ex-
temporaneously as follows: — Cupri sulphat. gr.
viij: bob', gr. viij: Camphor, gr. ij ; Aq. bullient.
f^viij.   Mix and filter.
  Lotion,  Febure's.   A cancer remedy, which
consisted of  arsenic, gr. x; water, 0j; extract  of
>4                LOZENGES

 hemlock, ^j :  Liquor Plumbi subacetatis,  f5iij'
 laudanum, l."""'.
   Lotion,  Gowland's.  An  empirical  prepara-
 tion.   (Bitter almonds, ""5 j ; sugar, "jij ; distilled
 water, Ibij.   Grind together,  strain, and add cor.
 rosive sublimate,  Qij, previously ground with sp.
 vini rect. 3U-)  Used in obstinate eruptions.
   Lotion,  Granville's Countku-Iuhitant,
 Granville's Lotion, Granville's antitlynoits lotion.
 Of  this lotion, Dr. Granville gives two forms — a
 milder, and a stronger.  The milder  is made  ns
 follows: Liq. amnion, fort, f'3j ;  Sp. Rosninrin.
 f "{yj; Tinct. camphor, l'gij* M.
   The stronger is made as follows : Liq. ammon.
 fort.  f"Jx; Spir.  Rosmar. f^ss;  Tinct. camphor
 f3ij,  m.
   The stronger lotion vesicates rapidly.   A piece
 of cotton  or linen folded six or seven times, or a
 piece  of thick flannel may be  imbued with  them,
 nnd laid for a few minutes on the  part to be irri-
 tated.
   The Dublin Pharmacopoeia  has a Linimen'tum
 Ammo'nia Compos'itum, Compound Liniment of
 Ammonia,  which  is a close imitation of  Gran-
 ville's Lotion.
   Lotion,  HannAy's,  Preven'tive wash.  This
 famous nostrum  for the prevention of venereal
 infection,  was nothing more than a  solution of
 caustic potass.
   Lotion,  Hydrocyan'ic Lotio  Ac"idi Hydro.
 cyan'iei. (Hydrocyanic acid, f"(iv: rectified spirit
 of wine, f3J ; distilled water, f'^jxss.)  Used with
 much success in impetigo,  Ac.
   Lotion,  Struyb's, for Hooping-Cougii.  (^li-
 ft/??, et  Potass, tart. £j ; Aqua,  3)j.  Add tinct.
 cantharid. 3*j.)
   LOTIUM, Urine.
   LOTURA. Lotion.
   LOTUS  SYLVESTRIS. Trifolium  melilotus—
 1. Virginiana, Diospyros Virginiana.
   LOUCHEMENT, Strabismus.
   LOUCHES, see Strabismus.
   LOUPE, Wen.
   LOUSE, Pediculus.
   LOUSINESS.  Phtheiriasis.
   LOUSY DISEASE, Phtheiriasis.
   LOUTRON, Bath.
   LOVAGE, Ligusticum levisticum.
   LOVE, Eros,  Amor,  from  Sax. lupian, (G.)
 li eben, ' to love.'  (F.) Amour.  A  tender and
 elevated feeling,  which  attracts  one sex to the
 other.  Love is occasionally a cause of disease,
 especially of insanity.
   Love Apple Plant, Solanum  lycopersicum —
 1. Begot, Illegitimate — 1. Child, Illegitimate — 1.
 Pea,  Abrus precatorius.
   LOW SPIRITS, Hypochondriasis.
   LOWER. TUBERCLE  OF, Tuber'culum Low-
 eri.   Anatomists  have given this name to a smnll
 projection, the existence of which  is by no means
 constant, and which is found in the sinus venosus,
 between the  superior and inferior cava.
   LOXAR'THRUS.  Loxar'thrum,  from  Xn^s,
 'oblique,' and apSpov, 'articulation.' (F.) Perier-
 sion de la  tete  des os  et des muscles.  A vicious
 deviation  or direction of the joints, without  spasiu
 or luxation,—as in clubfoot.
   LOXIAS, Torticollis.
   LOXOPHTIIALMUS, Strabismus.
   LOZANGIA, Lozenge.
   LOZENGE, Tabella.
   LOZENGES,  BARK,  Tabellm cinchonae—1.
 of Catechu and magnesia, Tabellae antinionialcs
 Kunckelii—1. Faustinus's, Fnustini  pastilli — 1.
 for the Heart-burn, Trochisci carbonatis  calcis —
 1. Magnesia, Tabellm de magnesia—1. of Marsh-
 mallows,  Tabellae de althaea — 1. of Oxalic acid,
 Tabellae acidi  oxalici — 1. Pectoral,  black, Tn>-
i chisci glycyrrhiza? glabrae—1. Pectoral, of euie-
5; 
LUBIDO                  5o5                 LUMBI
tine, Trochisci cmetinae pectorales — 1. Rhubarb, f1
Tabellae de rheo — 1. of  Scammony and senna, jj
compound, Tabellae  de scammonio et senna—1. :
Spitta's, see Trochisci glycyrrhizae  cum opio — 1.
Steel,  Tabelbe de ferro — 1. Steel, aromatic, see ,
Tabelbe de ferro—1. Sulphur, simple, Tabellae de |
sulphure simpliccs — 1. Sulphur, compound, Ta-
belhe  de sulphure compositae — 1. of Sulphuret
of antimony,  Tabellae antitnoniales Kunckelii—
1.  Wistar's, Trochisci glycyrrhiza;  cum opio — 1.
Worm, filing's, see  Worm lozenges. fChing's.)
   LUBIDO, Libido—1. Intestini, Voluntas  dese-
dendi.
   LUBRIOANTIA,  Demulcents, Emollients.
   LU BR ICUM CAPUT, Penis.
   LUCCA, MINERAL  WATERS  AND  CLI-
MATE  OF.   The  baths  and  waters, near this
ancient Italian city, have been long  celebrated.
They are thermal,  and resemble, in properties,
those of  Plombieres  in  France,  and of  Bath j
England.  They contain  carbonic acid, sulphates
of alumina, soda,  magnesia, and iron.   There are
ten different  sources, the temperature of which
varies from 94° to 130° Fahr. "
   Lucca is much  frequented  in summer; partly
on account of its mineral waters, but more on
account of the coolness of the situation.
   LUCID, Lit'cidus, from  lueco,  'I  shine.'  In
medicine, the  word  Im-id is particularly  applied
to the intervals,  Utter valla hldda, of apparent
reason, which occur in mental alienation.
   LUCIFER-MATCH-MAKERS'  DISEASE,
 see Phosphorus.
   LUCIF'UGUS,  from  lux,  lucis,  'light,' and
fuijere, 'to shun.'  Photopllobus, Photophob'icus.
 Dreading or avoiding the light.
   LECINA, Uithyia.
   LUCOMANIA, Lycanthropia.
   LUCTUE UX (F.),  Luctno'sits, 'mournful.'
 Plaintive.  An epithet applied to the respiration
 —.(F.) Respiration litctueuse—when accompanied
 by moaning.
   LUCUMA, (S.)   A fruit which grows in  the
 southern provinces  of the coast of Peru,  and the
 north of Chili. It is round; and  the gray-brown
 husk encloses a fibrous, dry, yellow-coloured fruit
 with  its  kernel.—Tschudi.
   LUCEMORIA'N US, probably from lux, 'light,'
 and morari,  'to  tuny.'  Continuing for several
 days: hence,  Darmil'io lucumoria'na. A morbid
 sleep persisting for several davs.
   LUDUS  HELMON'TII,  L, Paracel'si,  Fel
 terra.  A calcareous stone, the precise nature not
 known, which was used by the ancients in  calcu-
 lous  affections.   The  term was  also applied to
 every species of calculous concretion occurring
 in the animal body.
   Linns Parauelsi, L.  Helmontii.
   LUDWTGTA PALUS'TRIS, L.nilidajsnar'-
 dia palus'tris, Water  Purslaiiie, Phthisis  Weed.
 Order, Onagraceie;  indigenous.  An infusion of
 the dried plant  has been used as a pectoral in
 asthma and chronic cough.
   LUES, Disease,  Plague, Syphilis —1. Divina,
 Epilepsy—1.  Dysenterica, Dysentery—1. Gonor-
rho'ica, Gonorrhoea impura—1. Gutturis epidemi-
ca, Cynanche maligna — 1. Indiea, Frainbcssia—
1. Inguinnria, Plague—1. Pannoniie, Fever, Hun-
gary—1. Polonica,  Plica—1. Sarmatiea. Plica—1.
Syphilis,  Syphilis—1. Syphilodes, Syphilis pseu-
do-syphilis—I. Trichomaticn, Plica—1. Venerea,
Syphilis—1. Scorbutica, see Purpura.
   LUETTE, Uvula — /. Vesicate, see  Urinary
bladder.
   LUG, Ear.
   LUGDUS.  Erysipelas.
   LU.IULA. Oxalis acetosella.
   LULLABY SPEECH, Lallation.
   LUMBA'GO, from lumbi, ' the loins.' Arthro'-
sia lumbo'rum, Lumbago  seu  Nephralgia rhen-
malica, Rachirrheii'ma, Rachiorrheu'ma, Rhen-
matis'tnits dorsa'lis,  Osphyrrhen'ma.  Rheuma-
tism affecting the lumbar  region.
   Luinha'go  psoad'ica, L. apostemato'sa, L. nb
arthroc'ace.  Pain in  the loins from abscess.   See
Psoitis.
   Lumbago a Nisu, see Effort.
   LUMBAR, Lumba'ris seu Lumba'lis, (F.) Lom-
baire.   From lumbi,  'the loins.'   Belonging or
having reference to the loins.
   Lumbar  Abscess, Psoas  abscess, Aposte'ma
psoat'icum, Absces'siis lumbo'rum, Jlorbns psoncl-
icus.   This abscess is so  called from the matter
being found  on  the side of the psoas muscle, or
betwixt that and the iliacus internus.  Between
these muscles is a quantity of loose, areolar sub-
stance; and  when an abscess takes place there,
it can find no outlet except by a distant course.
Generally, it descends along the  psoas muscle,
forming a swelling  immediately  beneath  Pou-
part's  ligament;  at  times, however, it extends
down  the  thigh under the fascia.  Severe hectic
follows the  bursting  of  the  abscess, and often
death.  Its  causes are, — scrofula, injury to the
loins,  Ac.
   When,  from the pain of the back continuing
for some time,  with other symptoms, the disease
is suspected, caustics,  or tbe moxa, applied < - j»—
posite the transverse processes of the lumbar ver-
tebrae, may be recommended; and, when the ab-
scess is ready for opening, it may be emptied by
repeated  discharges of  the  matter, through  a
small  opening,  made  with a  lancet,  or small,
lancet-pointed trocar.   The  medical  treatment
consists in  supporting the system, under tbe
great restorative efforts required of it.
   Lumbar Arteries are four or five in number
on each side.  They arise  from the sides of the
abdominal  aorta, and pass behind tbe muscles
situate in front of tbe lumbar portion of the spine,
to gain the broad muscles of the abdomen. They
give off, 1. Spinal  branches.  2. Anterior, poste-
rior, and external muscular branches.
   Lumbar Nerves are five in number,  and issue
from the vertebral column by the spinal foramina
 of the loins.  The first lumbar nerve  gives off
 three branches :—the external or ilio-scrotul; tbe
 middle or iriguino-cutaneoiis, and the internal or
 infira-piibian.   Along with the  three pairs below
 it, it forms the lumbar plexus.
   Lumbar Plexus,  Portion Inmbnire tin plexus
 crural ( Ch.),  Plexus Loinbo-abdominctl.  This
plexus is formed by  the union  of the Rami com-
 municarltes  of the anterior branches of the first
 four lumbar  nerves.   It is situate behind the psoas
 muscle, and before  the  transverse processes of
 the lumbar  vertebrae.  It furnishes, besides the
 branches which proceed from the first pair,  seve-
 ral  filaments, that are distributed to the psoas
 muscle, to the iliacus, the integments, and glands
 ofthe groin; and three great branches—the cru-
 ral, obturator, and bimbo-sacral.
   Lumbar Region, Lumbi.
   Lumbar Veins have an arrangement analogous
 to that ofthe arteries of  the same name.   Tbey
 communicate with tbe vertebral sinuses, azygous
 veins, Ac, and pass into  the vena cava, inferior.
   LUMBARIS EXTERNUS,  Quadratus lumbo-
 rum—1. Internus, Psoas magnus.
   LUMBI,  The loin  or  loins, Lumbnr region,
 (Old Eng.)  Lende.  (Sc.)  Lendis: Re'gio   lum-
 bn'Us,  Lap'ara,  I'soa,  plural  Psoa,   Osphyx,
 Reins, (F.) Lombes.  The posterior regions of t: e
 abdomen, composed between the base of tbe ehc^t
 and tbe pelvis.  The  parts which enter into tho
 formation  of the lumbar region  are,—the skin;  a
 considerable quantity  of areolar texture: broad
i aud strong aponeuroses; — the  Latissimus Dorsi, 
LUMBO-SACRAL
55 6
LUTE
 Obliquus externus, and Obliquus internus abdomi-
 nis, Transversalis abdominis, Qitfidrrttus Inmbo-
 rum, and the mass common to the Sucro-lumhalis,
 Longissimus dorsi, and Multijidns spina.   These
 muscles surround the lumbar region of the verte-
 bral column.  The  vessels,  nerves, Ac, of the
 loins,  are called lumbar.
   LUMBO-SACRAL.  Belonging to the  lumbar
 and sacral regions.  (F.) Lombo-sacre.  Bichat
 calls thus  a very large nerve, given off from the
 anterior branch of the fifth  lumbar pair, which
 descends into the pelvis before the sacrum to join
 the sciatic plexus.
   LUMBRICA'LIS, Vermicitltlris.  Resembling
 a lumbricus, or • earthworm.'  A  name given to
 small  muscles, (F.)  Lombricaux, met with in the
 palm of the hand and sole of the foot.
   Lumbricai.es Manus, Fidicina'les, Flexor pri-
 mi interno'dii digito'rum  mantis  seu perfora'tits
 lumbdca'lis,  (F.)  Annul't -teiidiiio-phalangiens,
 Pal mi -phalangitis.   Four  small, fleshy,  thin,
 round,  long, fusiform fasciculi,  situate  in the
 palm  of the hand,  and distinguished into first,
 second, third, and fourth, counting from without
 to within.  They  arise from the  tendons of the
 flexor communis digitorum,  and  are inserted at
 the outer  and posterior side of the superior ex-
 tremity of the first phalanges of the last four fin-
 gers.   These muscles  bend  the  fingers on the
 metacarpus, and fix the  tendons of  the flexor
 digitorum communis.
   Lumbricales Pedis, (F.)  Planti-tcndino-pha-
 langiens, Plaiiti-sous-phalangiens, (Ch.)   They
 are  analogous to those of the hand in form, num-
 ber, and arrangement.  They increase the flexion
 of the toes, and draw them inwards.
   LUMBRICUS,  Ascaris lumbricoides— 1. La-
 tus, Bothriocephalus  latus,  Taenia solium — 1.
 Teres  hominis, Ascaris lumbricoides.
   LUMBUS VENERIS,  Achillea millefolium.
   LUMEN, Light,  Pupil —1.  Constans,  Phos-
 phorus.  v
   LUMIERE. Light.
   LUMINOSITY, Phosphorescence.
   LUNA,  Argentum,  Moon  — 1. Albini,  Sciatic
 notch, lesser — 1. Imperfecta, Bismuth — 1. Pota-
 bilis, Argenti nitras.
   LUNACY, see Lunatic.
   LUNAR, Lunatic.
   LUNA'RE OS. Os  semilnna're.  The  second
 bone in the upper row ofthe  carpus.
   LUNARIA, Menses.
   Luna'ria Redivi'va.  Leuco'inm, Bulbonach,
 Satin, Honesty.   Said, by Ray,  to be a warm
 diuretic
   LUNARTS, Lunatic.
   LU'NATIC, Lunalicits, Luna'ris, Lrtna'rins,
 Lunar, from luna, 'the moon.'  Relating to the
 moon.   An epithet given  to diseases which are
 supposed to appear at certain  phases of the moon,
 or to those who are affected by them.  The terra
 lunatic (Moon'ed, Moonstruck, Selenoble'tits), is re-
 stricted to  one labouring under lunacy  or  mental
 alienation,  Demen'tia  accidenta'lis  seu  adven-
 til'ia,  that is, under any form unsoundness of
 mind, except idiocy.  In  law,  a  lunatic  is one
 who has had  an  understanding, but by disease,
 grief, or other accident, has  lost the use of his
 reason, and become non  compos  mentis  or non
 compos.
  LUNATICUS,  Epileptic,  Lunatic,  Somnam-
 bulist.
  LUNATISMUS, Somnambulism.
  LUNE, Moon—/, d'Eau, Nymphaea alba.
  LUNELLA, Hypopyon.
  LUNES.  Menses.
  LUNETTES ORDINAIRES, Spectacles.
  LUNG, Pulmo—1.  Black, of  coal miners, Ar
thracosis—1. Cancer of the, Phthisis, cancerous.
    Lung Fever, Catarrh, Pneumonia.
    Lung, Perforating  Abscess op  the.   A pu-
  rulent  collection,  which  forms exterior  to  tho
  lung, and afterwards perforates its tissue, so that
  it is evacuted through the bronchial tubes.
    Lung Proof, Dociuiasia pulmonum—1. Wort
  Pulmonaria—1. Wort, cow's, Verbascum nigrum
  —1. Wort, tree, Lichen pulmonarius.
    LUNULA. Onyx—1.  Unguium,  see  Nail__1.
  Scapulae, Notch, scapular.
    LUNYIE, Lumbi.
    LUNYIE-BANE, Ischion.
    LUPIA, Encystis, Wen — 1. Junctura,  Spina
  ventosa..
    LUPI'NUS.  Under this term the white lupin,
  Lvpi'nus albus seu sativus, Ord.  Leginniiiosa:,
  is  meant, in  some pharmacopoeias.   The seeds,
  which were much  eaten in the days of Pliny and
  of Galen, are now neglected.  The meal is, how-
  ever, occasionally used as an  anthelmintic, and
  as a cataplasm.
    LU'POID, Lupo'i'des, badly  compounded from
  lupus, and etSos, 'resemblance.'  Resembling, or
  having the character of, lupus.
    LUPULI'NA, Lilpulin, Lupulin'ic glands.   A
  substance  which exists in  Humulus lupulus or
  hop.   It is in tbe  form  of small, shining, yellow-
  ish grains, which cover the base of the  scales of
  the hop;  is pulverulent, and of an  aromatio
  odour.   When  analyzed, it  is found to contain
  resin, volatile oil  in  small quantity, and a bitter
  principle—Lupulite.  It is aromatic and tonic,
  and—according to some—narcotic.
    LUPULINIC GLANDS. Lupulina.
    LUPULITE, see Lupulina.
    LUPULUS, Humulus lupulus — 1. Communis,
  Humulus lupulus—1. Salictarius, Humulus  lupu-
  lus—1.  Scandens, Humulus lupulus.
    LUPUS, '  the wolf.'  So named from its rapa-
  city.   Lupus ex'ederrs seu vorax seu dev'orons,
  Jacob's  Ulcer, Ulcus Titberculo'sum,  Cancer seu
  Phymato'sis lupus, Noli me tang"ere.  Tubercular
  excrescences, with ragged, spreading ulcerations,
  chiefly  about the  alae nasi, where  they destroy
  the skin, Ac, for  some depth.   Sometimes they
  appear  in  the cheek, circularly, or in the shape
  of a sort of  ringworm,  destroying the substance,
  and leaving  a deep  and deformed cicatrix.   The
  knife or caustic should be used to separate the
  sound from the  morbid parts.  Arsenic  has been
  given   internally  with  advantage.   See,  also,
  Herpes exedens, and Lycoides.
    Lupus Cancrosus, Cancer — 1. Devorans, see
  Lupus—1.  Exedens, Lupus—1. Varicosus, Nasvi
  —1. Vorax, Herpes exedens, see Lupus.
    LURCO, Glutton.
    LURID,  Lu'ridus.  Pale, yellow, sallow,—
  applied to the complexion.
    LURKEY-DISH, Mentha pulegium.
    LUROR, Paleness.
    LUS, Sacrum.
    LUSCIOSITAS, Luscitas,  Myopia.
    LUSCIOSUS, Borgne, Myops.
    LUS'CITAS, Luscios'itas, Luscil'ies,  Luscit"-
  ion, from  Inserts,  'a blinkard,' htsciosus, 'dim-
  sighted.'  Strabismus.  The  term  has also been
  given to any case of obliquity in which tbe eye
  is fixed in an unnatural position.—Beer.  The
  obliquity termed Cock-eye is a form of Luscitas.
    LUSCITIES, Luscitas.
    LUSCUS,  Borqne.
    LUSS. Pityriasis.
    LUSTRAMENTUM, Cathartic.
    LUT, Lute.
    LUTE, Lntum ('mud'), Ca.mentnm.  (F.) Lut.
  A composition employed either for closing aper-
  tures  in  a pharmaceutical  instrument, or  for
  covering the  surface of  retorts,  tubes, Ac, which
II have to support a great degree of  heat.  Lutea 
LUTEOLA
557
LYCOPUS
are composed differently, according to the object |
to be accomplished.  Commonly, they are made
of linseed meal and starch. The/'?' lute is formed
of clay  and drying oil.   Sometimes, the white of
egg and lime are used; and  that which is em-
ployed   for  covering vessels, intended  to  be
strongly heated, is made of clay, sifted sand, and
water.
 • LUTEOLA, Reseda luteola.
  LUTEUS, Yellow.
  LUTRON, Xoirpov.   A  bath.  Also,  an  oph-
thalmic medicine.—Galen.
  LUX, Light.
  LUXATIO, Luxation—1. Imperfecta,  Sprain.
  LUXA'TION, Ehtxa'tion,  from luxare, luxa-
tion, 'to put out of place.'  Dislocation,  Olistlie'-
mn, Apoped'asis,  Lttxa'tio, Disloca'tio, Ec'clisis,
Strenlma, Luxatu'ra, Ectop'ia, Ecpto'sis, Elap'-
sus, Lygis'mus, Emo'tio, Ec'stasis, Exarthre'ma,
E.  Inxa'tio, Exarthro'ma, Exarthro'sis,  Exo'sis,
Erothe'sis,  Paratop'ia,  Slreblo'sis,  Deloca'tio,
Exnrticula'tio, (F.) Luxation, Dislocation,  De-
bnitciiient.   A displacement  of a part  from its
proper  situation.   A  putting out  of joint.   A
displacement of two or more  bones, whose arti-
cular surfaces have lost, wholly, or in part, their
natural connexion; either owing to external vio-
lence,  (accidental, luxation,) or to disease of some
 ofthe parts about  the joint (spontaneous luxation.)
 Luxation is complete when the bones have entirely
 lost their natural  connexion ; incomplete, when
 they partly preserve it; and compound, when  a
 wound communicates  with  the  luxated joint.
 Tho general indications of treatment, are; — 1.
 To reduce  the protruded bone  to  its original
 place.   2. To retain it  in situ.   .3. To obviate
 any attendant or  consequent symptoms.
   To reduce requires  extension, counter-exten-
 sion, and coaptation.
   LUXEUIL, MINERAL WATERS OF.  Saline
 waters, at the town of Luxeuil, at the foot of the
 Vosges, in the department of Haute Saone.  Five
 springs are thermal, and two cold.  They seem
 to contain carbonic acid, carbonates of iron and
 lime, and chloride of sodium ;  and are employed
 as aperient, tonic, and stimulant.
   LUZ, Sacrum.
   LYCAX'CHE,  Lycan'chis,  from Xvkos, 'a wolf,'
 and ayyw,'Istrangle.'  Wolf quinsy, Wolf choak;
 — as Cynanche means Dog choak.   Also, hydro-
 phobia.  See Lycoides.
   LYCANCHIS, Lycanche.
   LYCANTIIROPE, see Lycanthropia.
   LYCANTHRO'PIA, from  Xvkos, 'a wolf,' and
 av§pu*os, 'a man:' Lyca'on, Lnsa'nia lupi'na, Ly-
 coma'nia.  A variety  of melancholy,  in which
 the person believes himself to be changed into a
 wolf,  and imitates the  voice  and habits of that
 animal.   One so  circumstanced is called  a Lif-
 canthrnpe, Li/canthra'pns.
   LYCANTIIROPUS, see Lycanthropia.
   LYCAOX, Lycanthropia.
   LYCIIXIDli'M, Biolychnium.
   LYCIIXIS GITIIA'GO, Agrostem'ma githa'go,
 Com cockle, Rose campion.  A naturalized  Euro-
 pean  plant.   Ord. Caryophyllaceae.  The seeds
 are somewhat acrid, but not poisonous.   They
 were,  at one  time, employed in cutaneous dis-
 eases,  and in hemorrhage, and as a topical appli-
 cation to ulcers and fistulae.
   Lychnis Officinalis, Saponaria—1. Sylvestris,
 Saponaria.
   LYCIIXIUM, Biolychnium.
   LY'CIU.M, Avkiov.  A medicinal substance, an-
ciently obtained from the roots and branches of a
thorny shrub growing in Lycia.  It was astrin-
gent, and used in dysentery, ulcers of the gums,
Ac.  By some, it has been considered to be the
catechu.
  LYCOI'DES,  Lyco'des, from  Xvkos, 'a  wolf,'
and et&os, 'form.'  Lupo sim'ilis.   An epithet for
a species of cynanche,  called, also, Lupus, and
Strangulator,  and absurdly attributed to exces-
sive retention  of sperm  in  its reservoirs and its
passage into the blood [?].—Galen.
  LYCOMANIA, Lycanthropia.
  LYCOPE DE  VIRGINIE, Lycopus Virgini-
cus.
  LYCOPER'DON,  from  Xvkos,  'a wolf,' and
nepiur, 'I break wind;'  L. Bovis'ta seu Arrhlzon
seu Globo'sum, Bovis'ta, Crep'itns Lupi, Fungus
Chirnrqo'nim, Puff-ball, Bull, Fists, Mollipitffs,
(Prov.) Puff,(Sc.) Deil's snuffbox, (F.) Vesselonp.
Ord. Fungi.   The puff-ball dries  into a very fine,
light brownish dust, which is sometimes used as a
mechanical styptic to arrest hemorrhage.
  Lycoperdon Arrhizon, Lycoperdon ■—1. Cer-
vinum,  Elaphomyces granulatus—1.  Globosum,
Lycoperdon—1. Gulosorum, L. Tuber.
  Lycoperdon Pro'teus, Common puff-ball. The
fumes  of this  substance have been found to pro-
duce an'aesthetization an animals.
  Lycoper'don  Tuber,  L.  Guloso'ntm,  Tuber
Agriocas'tanum seu Ciba'riiiin seu Guloso'runi seu
Nigrum, Tu'bera  Terra,  Trubs, Truffle, (pro-
nounced troofie,)  (F.)  Truffe.   A  fleshy, firm
body,  unknown  in  its mode of  reproduction,
which  is found under  ground, especially in  dif-
ferent  parts  of France, Italy, Ac, and  is much
esteemed as an  aliment.  It seems to belong to
the champignons, and  has a particular perfume.
Aphrodisaic virtues have been ascribed to it.
  A Virginia  truffle is called Tucknho.
  LYCOPEBSICUM ESCULENTUM, Solanum
lycopersicum — 1.  Pomum amoris, Solanum lyco-
persicum—1. Tuberosum, Solanum tuberosum.
  LYCOPODE, Lycopodium.
  LYCOPO'DIUM, from Xvkos, 'a wolf,' and irovs,
trorW, ' a foot.'  L. C/ava'tum  seu Officinale, Le-
pitlo'tis clava'ta,  Cingula'ria, Muscus clava'tus,
 Club-moss, Wolf's-claw, Witch-meal.  Ord.  Ly-
copodiacem.   This is the largest  of the European
mosses.  Tbe dust, which fills the capsules of its
spikes, is very inflammable, and  hence has been
called Vegetable Sulphur;—and,  also,  Farina
 seu  Pulvis seu Semen  seu Sulphur Lycopo'dii,
 (F.) Lycopirde, Soufre vegetal. It is used in France
 and in  the United States to roll pills and boluses
in ;  and in medicine is  a desiccative, in the exco-
 riation to which infants are liable.  It is collected
 chiefly in Switzerland and Germany for commerce.
   Lycopodium Clavatum, Lycopodium.
   Lycopodium Complaha'tvm, Common Club-moss,
 Ground Pine; indigenous; has the same proper-
 ties as  Lycopodium  selago.
   Lycopo'dium  Officinale,  L.  clavatum — 1.
 Recurvum, L. Selago.
   Lycopodium Sela'go, L. Recur'vum, Planarl-
 thus fnstign'tus seu  sela'go,  JIuscus erec'tus seu
 Gathar'ticus,  Sela'go,  Upright   Club-moss,  Fir
 Club-moss.  Upright  Fir-moss.   A decoction  of
 this plant acts violently as an emetic and purga-
 tive : and was formerly, on this  account, used as
 an abortive.   It is also employed to kill vermin.
   LY'COEUS,  L. Virgin'icus seu vniflo'rus seu
pilmila. Bugleweed, Water  Bugle,  Water Hore-
 hound, Gypsy Weed, Paul's Bet'ony, (F.) Lycope
 de  Virginie.   This  indigenous  herb, Sex. Syst.
 Dianiria Monogynia, Nat.  Ord. Labiatae, grows
 throughout the greater part of the United States.
 The whole herb is  said to  be slightly  narcotic.
 It is given in infusion, (Lycop. £j  ; aq. fervent. Oj.)
   Lycopus Pumila, Lycopus.
   Lycopus Sinua'tus,  Water Horehound, Gypsy
 Weed,  Paul's  Bet'ony, indigenous, has similar
properties.
   Lycopus Uniflorus, L. pumila — 1. Virgini-
 cus, Lycopus. 
LYCOREXIS
558
LYMPIIOPYRA
  LY"COREXIS. Fames lupina.
  LYCOSA  TARENTULA, see Tarantula.
  LYCOSTOMA, Ilyperob'chasma.
  LYE, Lixivium, Ley — 1. Dyspeptic, see Fuli-
gokali—1. Medical, see Fuligokali— 1. Tea, Phy-
sick's, see Fuligokali.
  L YG IS M U S. Luxation.
  LYGMODES, Singultus.
  LYGMUS, Singultus.
  LYGODES, Singultus.
  LYING-IN STATE, Parturient state.
  LYING-DOWN STATE, Parturient state.
  LYMA, Lochia; from Xvw, 'to wash,' also, filth
or sordes, (to be washed away.) Xvpta,   Lyme.
  LYME. Lyma.
  LYMPH,   Lympha,  from vvn<j>n, 'water,'  by
changing v  into X.  White  blood, Lympha Nu-
tril'ia.   A name given to the  fluid contained in
the lymphatic vessels and thoracic duet of ani-
mals, which  have been made to fast for 24 hours.
According to Chevreul,  the  lymph of the dog
contains water, fibrin, albumen,  common salt,
subcarbonate of soda, phosphates  of  lime and
magnesia, and carbonate of lime.   The properties
and  composition of lymph vary  somewhat  ac-
cording to the part whence the lymphatic vessels
obtain  it.  Generally, it  is under  the form of a
transparent, slightly alkaline fluid, sometimes  of
a madder-red or yellowish colour,—of a spermatic
odour, and saline taste;  soluble in water, — the
solution becoming turbid, when mixed with alco-
hol.  When left to itself,  it coagulates.   The clot
or solid portion becomes  of a  scarlet  red, if put
in contact with oxygen;  and of a purple red, if
placed in carbonic acid.
  Like the blood, the lymph consists of a fluid—
Liquor lympha—in which lymph corpuscles or glo-
bules are suspended.
  The lymph is probably the product of internal
absorption in different  parts of the body : it then
flows along  the lymphatic vessels, uniting with
the  chyle, and is poured with it into the veins ;
thus becoming one of the materials of tbe blood.
According to  others, the blood, when it  reaches
the arterial radicles, is divided into two portions,
— the one red, which is  carried  to the heart, —
the other serous or white, which is absorbed by
the lymphatic vessels, and constitutes the lymph.
By others, again, the lymphatics are  considered
to be the vessels  of return for the white  blood
sent to certain tissues.  White blood, however,
has probably no existence.
  The word lymph  is sometimes used unhappily
by the surgeon to signify liquor sanguinis.
  Lymph, Coagulable, Fibrin, Liquor sanguinis.
  Lymph Corpuscles, see Lymph — 1. Globules,
see Lymph—1. Hearts, Lymphatic hearts.
  Lymph. Plastic, Liquor sanguinis.
  LYMPHA, Lymph—1. Arborum, see Sap — 1.
Muoulenta  narium, Nasal mucus — 1.  Nutritia,
Lymph—1. Pancreatis, see Pancreas—1. Pericar-
dii, see  Pericardium—1. Plastica, Fibrin.
  LYMPHADENITIS: from lymph, and adeni-
tis,  'inflammation of a gland.'   Infiamma'tio
gland ula'rum lyinphatica'rum, Adenitis lymphal-
ica,  (F.) Adfnite lymphatique.  Inflammation of
a lymphatic gland or ganglion.
  LYMPH^DT'CTUS, Lymphatic vessels.
   LYMPH ANGEITIS, Angeioleucitis.
   LYMPHANGIA, Lymphatic vessels.
  LYMPH ANGIEC'T A S I S,  Lympheurys'ma ;
from lymph, ayyeiov, 'a vessel,'and cxrao-ts, 'dila-
tation.'  Dilatation of lymphatic vessels.
   LYMPHANGIOGRAPHY,  Lyniphangiogra-
ph'ia ; from lymph, ayyeiov, 'a vessel,' and ypatpn,
' a description.'   A description of the  lymphatic
vessels.
   LYMPHANGIOTTIS, Angeioleucitis.
   LYMPHANGIOL'OGY,  from  Lymphangion,
'a  lymphatic,' and Xoyos,  'a description.'  A
treatise on the lymphatics.
  LYM PIIA N (J IOT'0 MY,  Lymphangintom'ia ;
from lymph, ayyuov, ' a vessel,' and  rupr), 'inci-
sion.'  The  anatomy or  dissection  of the lym-
phatic  vessels.
  LYMPHANGITIS, Angeioleucitis.
  LYMPIIANGOX'CUS,  Lymphailcus;  from
lymph, ayyeiov, 'a vessel,' and oyKos, 'a tumour.1
Tumefaction of the  lymphatics.
  LYMPHATIC,   Lymph,ilicns.    That  which
relates to lymph ; also, abounding in lymph.  Seo
Phlegmatic
  Lymphatic Hearts, Lymph Hearts.  The frog
and several other animals are provided with large
receptacles for the lymph  immediately underneath
the skin, which exhibit distinct and regular pul-
sations  like  the sanguiferous heart.  Their use
appears to be—to propel  the lymph.
  Lymphatic  System  is that particular  system
of organs which is inservient to the formation and
circulation of lymph.   These organs  are:
  1. Lymphatic  Ganglions  or  Glands,  see
Conglobate.
  2. Lymphatic Vessels, Lympliadnc'tus, Lym-
phangi'a, Lyiuphange'a, Vena lyniphalica, Ductus
sero'si,  Vasa lymphatica  sen restrrben'tia seu hy-
drago'ga, Hydrangla.  These are very numerous,
Arising at the surface of membranes and in the
tissue of the organs, they carry into the veins the
lymph  from  those parts.  Lymphatic vessels are
found in every part  ofthe body.  Wherever they
are met with, however, they form two orders,—
one superficial, the  other deep-seated; —the  two
orders  frequently communicating with each other.
Lymphatic  vessels  are  generally  smaller  than
arteries and veins.  They are very thin, diapha-
nous,  and  cylindrical;  but  present, here and
there,  more or  less  considerable  dilatations,
caused  by valves   in their  interior.  They are
slightly tortuous in their course;  their  anasto-
moses  are very numerous,  and they often  cross
each other, forming successive plexuses.  Of the
arrangement of the  extreme radicles we are igno-
rant.   All the branches,  before joining tbe prin-
cipal trunks, pass through  lymphatic ganglions,
in which they are convoluted, or subdivided almost
ad infinitum.  They are  formed of an outer are-
olar membrane and an internal coat, similar to
that of the veins;  of the latter,  tbe valves are
formed.  All  the lymphatics of  the  body ulti-
mately discharge themselves at the junction of
the subclavian and  internal  jugular veins.  Two
of these trunks are considerably larger than tho
others, — the thoracic duct, and the great trunk
of the right side, (F.) La grande  veine lympha-
tique droite.  The former receives the lymphatics
ofthe  abdomen, ofthe lower extremities,  the left
side of the thorax,  the left upper extremity, and
the corresponding  side of  tbe head  and neck;
the latter receives  those of the  right upper ex-
tremity, and of the right side of the head, neck
and thorax.
  LYMPHATITIS, Angeioleucitis.
  LYMPHE COAGULABLE, Liquor  sangui-
nis—  /. de  Cotugno,  Cotunnius,  liquor of—/.
Plastiqne, Liquor sanguinis.
  LYrMPHEURYSMA,  Lymphangiectasis.
   LY'MPHITIS, Angeioleucitis.
   LYMPHIZA'TION.   A term  used by Profes-
sor Gross to signify Effusion  of coagulable lymph.
It is not a happy word,  inasmuch  as lymph haa
another meaning,  whilst the term  ' coagulable
lymph' is now almost abandoned.
   LYMPHOCHE'ZIA, from lymph, and y^ui, 'I
go  to stool.'   Serous diarrhoea.
   LY'MPHONCUS, Lymphangoncus — 1. Iridis,
Iridauxesis.
   LYMPHOPYRA, Fever, adeno-meningeal. 
LYMPIIORRIIAGIA           559               MACIIAON
  LYMPHORRIIAG"IA, from lymph,  and
myvvui,  ' I break  forth.'  Discharge  of lymph
from a lymphatic vessel, owing  to a lesion of its
coats.
  LYMPIIO'SIS.  The preparation or elabora-
tion of Ivmph.
  LYMI'IIOT'OMY, from lympha, 'lymph,' and
rtpvur, ' I cut.'  Dissection of the lymphatics.
  LYNCH'S  EMBROCATION. "An  emollient
nostrum, formed of  olive oil impregnated  with
bergnmot and other  essences, and  coloured  with
ulktinet root.
  LYNGODES, Singultous—1. Febris, Fever,
Bingnltous.
  LYNGYODES, Singultous.
  LYXX  WAHOO,  Ulmus alata.
  LYNX, Singultus.
  LYI'E, Athymia.
  LYl'EMANIA,  Melancholy.
  LYPE'RIA  CRO'CEA.  A South  African
 plant,  ATat. Ord. Scrophulariaceae, tbe flowers of
 which closely resemble saffron in smell and taste,
 and possess similar medical virtues.
   L YPEllOPHRENIE, Melancholy.
   LYl'OMA, Lipoma.
   LYPQTHYM'IA, from Xmtv, 'sadness,' and
 Svuos, ' the mind.'  Very great sadness or de-
 spondency.
   LYBA, Xvpa, ' the lyre.'   Psalter, Psnlte'rium,
 Urn-pus Psnlloi'des,  Lyra Du'vidis, Lam'ina me-
 dulla'ris  triangnla'ris cer'ebri,  Spa'tinm trigo'-
 iiuin.  The under surface of the posterior part of
 the body of the fornix is impressed with nume-
 rous transverse and oblique lines, which  have
 been so called from  some resemblance they bear
 to  the ancient lyre.
   LYRINGIUM,  Eryngium campestre.
   LYSIA, Lysis.
   LYSIMA'CHIA  NUMMULA'RIA, L. nem'o-
 ruin, Niimmula'ria, HiruiitUna'ria,  Centhnor'bia,
  Creeping Loose Strife, Money  Wort,  (F.) Herb,
 mix  (ens.  Ord.  Primulaeeae.   This  plant  was
 formerly accounted vulnerary.   It  has been con-
 sidered  to possess antiscorbutic and  astringent
 qualities, and has  been used in leucorrhoea.
   Lysimachia  Purpurea, Lythrum salicaria.
   Lysima'chia Quadrifo'lia, Four-Leaved Loose
 Strife, Crosswort, an indigenous plant, is astrin-
 gent: and has  been used as a stomachic and an-
 tiperiodic.
  LYSIS, Lysia, Xvcis.  from Xvur, 'I dissolve.'
Solution.  A common suffix ; also, a name given
to solutions  or terminations of disease, which are
operated insensibly; that is, gradually and with-
out critical symptoms.
  LYSSA, Hydrophobia — 1. Canina, Hydropho-
bia.
  LYSSAS, Maniodes.
  LYSSETER,  Maniodes.
  LYSSODEC'TUS,  from /mjo-ovj,  'canine mad-
ness,'  and inKta, or Sukvw,  'I  bite.'  Hi/tlropll-
obtts ;  Cane rab'ido morsus.  One who has  been
bitten  by a mad dog,  or is actually labouring
under  hydrophobia.
  L Y  S S 0 D E G'M A, Lyssodcg'mns, Lyssoele.r'is,
same etymon.   The bite of a mad dog.
  LYSSODEXIS,  Lyssodegma.
  LYTE'RIOS, Xvrripios, (from Xvw, T dissolve,')
'solving.'   An epithet given to those  signs which
announce the solution of a very violent disease.
   LYTHRUM  ALATUM, see  Lythrum salicaria
—1. Hyssopifolia, Lythrum salicaria.
  Lythrum Salica'ria, from Aufyov,  'blood, and
dust,'  on account of the colour of the flowers of
some  species, Lysima'chia pitipu'rea, Salica'ria
vulga'ris sen spica'ta; — the Common or Purple
 Willow  Herb.   Ord. Lytbraceae.   The herb, root,
and flowers possess a considerable degree of as-
tringeney, and are  used, occasionally, in the cure
of diarrhoea and dysentery, leueorrhsea, haemop-
tysis,  Ac.
   Lythrum Hyssopifo'lia,  and L. Ala'tum;
indigenous, have similar properties.
   LYTTA  C.ERULEA, see Cantharis—1. Gigas
mas, see Cantharis—1. Ruficeps. see Cantharis.
   Lytta Ru'fipes.  Class, Inseeta; Ord. Cole-
optera.  A  variety of  Lytta,  peculiar to Chili,
which is more active ns a vesicant than the can-
tharis, or the Lytta Vittata.
   Lytta Segetum, see  Cantharis—1.  Vesicatoria,
Cantharis.
   Lytta Vitta'ta,  Carltharis vittata,  Pota'to
Fly, (F.) Canlharitle tachetee.  Four species of
meloe  that blister,  are found  in   the  United
 States.  The lytta  vittata feeds principally upon
 the potato plant, and, at the proper season ofthe
year, may be collected in immense numbers.  Tbe
potato fly resembles the cantharides in every pro-
perty, and is fully  equal to them.
M.
  M.   This  letter signifies, in prescriptions, ma-
ui/iuhis, 'a  handful.'   Also,  misce, 'mix.'  See
Ahhreviation.
  MACAPATLI, Smilax sarsaparilla.
  MACARO'XI.  An  alimentary paste, moulded
of a cylindrical shape, and  formed  of  rice or
wheaten  flour.   It is  eaten — when  boiled — in
soup; prepared with  cheese,  Ac   See Turunda?
Italicac
  Also, a name formerly given to a pulverulent
compound of sugar and glass  of antimony, car-
ried into France by the Italian monks, and em-
ployed at  the  hospital La Clmrite in the treat-
ment of painters' colic.
  MACARONS. Biscuits, medicinal.
  MACE,  see  Myristica moschata — m.  Reed,
Typha latifolia.
  MACEDONISTUM, Smyrnium olusatrum.
  MACER, Gracilis.
  MACERATION,  Ma vera'tio, from  macerare,
maecratum, 'to soften  by water.'  An  operation
which  consists in infusing, usually without heat,
a solid substance in a liquid, so as to extract its
virtues.
  MACERONA. Smyrnium olusatrum.
  MACES, see Mvristica moschata.
  MACESOERE,'Emaciate.
  MACI1.E11A.  Culter, Knife, Penis.
  MACIKEKIDION. Machwrion.
  M A  C 11 ,E ' RI 0 N, Mocha'rius, Macharid'ion,
Gladiolus, from  un-^mpa,  'a sword,'  uaxn, 'a
fight.'  A knife.   An  amputating knife.  Rufus
of Ephesus asserts, that the Aruspices  gave this
name to a part of the liver of  animals.
  MAOHJERIS, Knife, Novacula.
  MACHA'ON,  from uaXato, T desire  to fight.'
The  son  of  Jisculapius, and  a  celebrated phy-
sician. 
MACIIAONIA             560               MADESIS
  MACHAO'NIA  seu  MACHAON'ICA  ARS.
Medicine.  Tbe Healing Art: — so  called after |
Machaon, the son of JEsculapius.
  MACHI'NAL,  Mechan'icus.   This epithet  is
added  especially  by French writers  to the word
movement, to express that the will takes no  part
in it.
  MACHINE', Much 'ina,  Ulachinameiltum,
Meellane, Mechaue'ma.  A  more  or less  com-
pound instrument or arrangement for putting a
body in  motion,  or for  producing  any  action
whatever.   Physiologists sometimes use  it for
the  animal,  body ; — as the machine or animal
machine.
  MACHLOSYNE, Nymphomania.
  MACHOIRE,  Maxillary bone — m. Diacrani-
enne, Maxillary bone,  lower — m.  Syncranienne,
Maxillary bone, superior.
  MACIES, Atrophy, Emaciation—m. Infantum,
Tabes  mesenterica.
  MACILENTUS, Gracilis.
  MACIS, see Myristica moschata.
  MACRAU'CHEN, from macros,  and  ai>xnv,
'the neck.'  Longo collo pra'ditus.  One who has
a long neck.—Galen.
  31 AC RE FLOTTANTE, Trapa natans.
  MACRITUDO. Emaciation.
  MACROBIOSIS, Longevity.
  MACROBIOTICS, Longevity.
  MACROBIOT'IC,  Macrobiolicus,  Macrobi'o-
tus, Macro'bius, Longa'vus, from  macros, and jitos,
'life.'    That  which lives a  long  time.   The
macrobiotic art, Macrobiolics, (F.) Jllacrobiotique,
is the  art of living a long time.
   MACROBIOTUS, Maeriobiotic.
   MACBOBIUS,  Macrobiotic.
   MACROCEPHALIA, see Capitones.
   MACROCEPH'ALUS,  Maki-ocepllalus,  (Fi)
Macrocephale ; from macros, and KeipaXrj, 'head.'
 Qui magnum habet caput   ' One who has a large
head.'   This  epithet  is given  to children  born
with heads so large that they seem  to be hydro-
cephalic; but in  which the unusual development
is owing to a large size of the brain.  Such are
supposed to  be more than  ordinarily liable  to
convulsions. [?]  The term has also been applied
 by Hippocrates to certain Asiatics who had long
heads.  See Capitones.
   MACRO CHI'RIA,  from macros, and %fip,
 'hand.'   Monstrosity, characterized  by excessive
development of the  hands.
   MACROCO'LIA, from macros, and kwXov,  'a
limb.'   Great length of limbs in general, and of
 the lower limbs in particular.
   MACROCOSM,  Macrocosm'tis, from  macros,
and Kotrpos, 'world.'  The universe, in contradis-
 tinction to Microcosm, which means  man.
   MACRODAC'TYLUS, from macros, and Suktv-
 Xos, 'a finger.'  Having long fingers.
   MACROGASTER PLATYPUS, Acarus  folli-
 culorum.
   MACROGLOSSA. see Macroglossus.
   MACROGLOS'SUS, from macros, and yXtaca-a,
 'tongue.'  One who  has a very large or prolapsed
 ton true.  See Paraglossa.
   MACROMELTA,  from  macros,  and   ucXos,
 ' limb.'   Monstrosity, which consists in the  ex-
 cessive  size of some limb.
   MACRONOSI/E, Chronic diseases.
   MACROPHAL'LUS, from macros, and tjraXXos,
 'the  male organ.'   A large size of the  male
 organ.
   MACROPHO'NUS, from macros,  and  tpurvn,
 'voice.'  One who has a strong  voice.
   MACROPHTHAL'MUS,  from   macros,  and
 otpSaXpos, 'eve.'   Having large  eyes.
   MACROPHYSOCEPH'ALUS,  from  macros,
 tjrvtra,  'air,' and KvpttXri, 'head.'  A word used by
 Ambrose Pare to designate an augmentation of
the head of the foetus, produced by a sort of em-
physema I?], which retards delivery.
  MACRO-PIPER, Piper longnm.
  MACROPNOS'A,  from macros, and  n™, 'I
breathe.'   A long and deep respiration.
  MACROP'NUS. Mtternp'noos.  Same etymon.
Long breathed.  One who breathes slowly:__a
word met with in some authors. — Hippocrates
  MACROP'ODUS, Mac'rapns, Megalopus, from
macros, and vovs, rro&os,  ' foot.'  One who  has a
large foot.
  MACROPROSO'PIA,  from  macros, nnd r,.offu.
rrov,  ' face.'  Monstrosity, characterized by exces-
sive size of face.
  MACROR,  Emaciation.
  MACROR'RHIS, from macros, and pts, or on,
'nose.'  One  who  has a  long nose.
  MACROS, uttKpos, ' great.'   Long.
  MACROS'CELES, Crura longa habeas; .from
macros, and ukcXos, ' the  leg.'  One who hasTmi"
legs.
  MACROSIiE, Chronic diseases.
  MACROSOMATIA, see Giant.
  MACROSOMIA, see Giant.
  MACRO'TES, from macros, and ovs, wroj, 'an
ear.'  One who has long ears.
  MACROTRYS RACEMOSA, see Actsea  race-
mosa.
  MACULA.  A spot.   Dyschrce'a, Oil is. Lubes,
(F.) Tache.  A permanent discoloration of  some
portion of the skin,  often with  a change of its
texture.  Ephelis, Navus, Spilus, Ac, belong to
Maculae.
  Macula, Molecule — in.  Aurea, see Foramen
centrale retime—m. Cornea?, Caligo—m. Cornea?
arcuata, Gerotoxon — m. Corneae margaritacea,
Paralampsis — m.  Cribrosa, see  Auditory canal,
internal—m. Emortualis, see Suggillation—m.
Fiava, see Foramen centrale retime — m. Fusca,
Ephelides — m. Germinativa,  see Molecule—in.
Hepatica, Chloasma materna, Naevus—m. Lenti-
eularis, Ephelides — m.  Lutea retinae,  see Fora-
men centrale—m. Mutricalis.  Naevus—m. Matri-
cis, Niovus—m. Nigra,see Opticnerve—m. Solaris,
Ephelides.
  MACULtE ALB^E, M. Lac'tca, In'sula, Milk-
spots.   White spots, seen on serous membranes,
especially on  that investing the heart, and which
appear to be the result of previous inflammatory
action.
   Macula? Ante Oculos Volitantes, Metamor-
phopsia—in. Lacteas, M. Albae.
   MACULOSUS,  Sable.
   MAD, Insane—m. Doctor, see  Psychiatria.
   MADAB. Mudar.
   MADABO'SIS, from pacapos, 'bald.'  Madnro'-
 ma,  Made'sis, Matlnr'ntcs, Made'ma,  Mnd'isin,
 Deplumn'tio,  Milpha, Milpho'sis, Plilo'sis. Cul-
 vlties.  Loss of the  hair, particularly ofthe eye-
 lashes.
   MADABOTES, Madarosis.
   MADDER, DYERS', Rubia.
   MADEIRA, CLIMATE  OF.   This  island is
 much frequented  by pulmonary  invalids, on ac-
 count of the mildness  and equability of its cli-
 mate.  Owing,  indeed,  to  the mildness  of tbe
 winter, and the coolness of the summer, together
 with the remarkable equality of  the temperature
 during day and night, as well as throughout tbe
 year, it has been considered that the climate of
 Madeira is tbe finest in  the northern hemisphere.
 Sir James Clark  is  of  opinion  that  there is no
 place on the continent of Europe, with which he
 is acquainted, where the pulmonary invalid could
 reside with so much  advantage, during the whole
 year, as in Madeira.
   MADELEON. Bdellium.
   MA I) EM A, Madarosis.
1   MADESIS, Depilation, Madarosis. 
MADISIS
561
MAGNESIA
   MADISTS, Depilation, Madarosis.
   MADISON  SPRINGS, see Georgia, Mineral
 waters of.
   MADISTE'RIUM, uaiiampiov, Trichola'bittm,
  Tricholabis,  Volsella.   Tweezers.  An instru-
 ment for extracting hairs.
   MADJOUND, Mai/jotin. A mixture of powdered
 hemp and  honey, used as a narcotic agent, like
  tobacco,  by the Algerines.
   MADNESS,  CANINE,  Hydrophobia —m.
  Raving or furious, Mania.
   MAUOR, Moisture.  A cold sweat.
   MAD0R1US, Mudar.
   MADREPORA OCULATA, see Coral.
   MA I) WEED, Scutellaria lateriflora.
   N1FA, Midwife.
   M.EEIA, Obstetrics.
   MiEEUMA,  see Parturition.
   MvEIA, Obstetrics.
   MAES A PICTA, Saoria.
   MjEUSIS, Parturition.
   MiEUTRIA, Midwife.
   MAGDA'LIA, Magda'leon, Magda'lis. ' Crumb
  of  bread.'  Any  medicine, as a pill, formed of
  crumb of bread.  A roll of plaster.
   MAGEIRICE, Culinary art.
   MAGGOT  PIMPLE, see Acne.
   MAG IS, payis, ' a cake.'  A sort of cake, com-
  posed of cloves, garlic and  cheese, beaten  to-
  gether.—Hippocrates.
   MAGISTERIUM,  Magistery — m.  Bismuthi,
  Bismuth,  subnitrate  of—m. Jalapae, Resin of
  Jalap — ra. Mareasita?, Bismuth, subnitrate of—
  m.  Plumbi, Plumbi subcarbonas — m. Sulphuris,
  Sulphur  lotum — m.  Tartari purgans, Potassae
  acetas.
   MAG'TSTERY, Magistc'rium,  from magister,
  'a master.'  Certain precipitates from saline  so-
 lutions were formerly so called; as well as  other
 medicines,  the  preparation of  which  was  kept
 secret.
   Magistery  of Bismuth, Bismuth, subnitrate
 of.
   MAG'TSTRAL, Mngistra'lis.   Same etymon.
 Extempora'neons.   A prescription  is  so called —
 Form'ttta mngistra'lis  seu extempora'nert—which
 is prepared extemporaneously;  an officinal pre-
 scription— Form'ula officina'lis — being such as
 has been prepared for some time before it is pre-
 scribed.
   MAGISTRANTIA. Imperatoria.
   MAGMA, uayua, (F.) More.  The thick  resi-
 duum, obtained  after expressing certain  sub-
 stances to extract the fluid parts from them. The
 grounds which remain after treating a substance
 with  water, alcohol, or any  other menstruum.
 Also, a salve of a certain consistence.
   Magma or Marc of Olives  is  the  residuum
 after the greatest possible quantity of oil has  been
 extracted from olives  by making them ferment.
 It was formerly employed as  a stimulant, under
 the  form  of a bath—to which the name ^ai'n  de
 Marc was given by the French.
   Magma  or  Marc  of  Grapes,  Bry'tia, was
 once employed for the same purposes.
   MAGMA RETICULE, 'reticulated magma.'
 The gelatiniform  substance found between the
 chorion and amnion in the early  period of em-
 bryonic existence.
   MAGXES, Magnet.
   Maones Arsenica'lis.   (Sulphur, white arse-
 nic,  and  common antimony, of each equal parts.
 Mix  by fusion.) It is corrosive.   See Magnetic
 plaster.
   Magnes Epilepsia, Hydrargyri sulphuretum
 rubrum.
  MAGX!"'SIA,  Abarnahas,  Chamhar,  Terra]
ama'ra, .',.', piesia  terra, Tale earth;  from mag-
nes, 'the magnet.'  An alkaline earth  whose  me- I
      36
' tallic base  is  magnesium.  The term Magnesia
 was employed,  of  old,  for any substance  that
 seemed to have the power  of attracting  some
 principle from the air.  At present it is restricted
 to—
    Magnesia, M. usta  seu  calcina'ta,  Calcined
 Magnesia, Oxide of magne'sium,  (F.)  Magnesie
 bru/ee, Magnesie, fl. Caitstique.  This is obtained
 by exposing carbonate of magnesia to a strong
 heat. It is inodorous ;  taste very slightly bitter;
 in the form of a white, light, spongy, soft powder.
 S. g. 2-3 ;  requiring 2000 times its weight of water
 for its solution.   It is antacid, and laxative when
 it meets with acid  in  the  stomach.   Dose,  gr. x
 to ^j in water or milk.
    Henry's, Husband's, and Ellis's Magnesia, are
 dense forms of  this preparation.
    Magnesia, Acetate  of, Magnesia? acetas —
 m. Aerata, Magnesiae carbonas—in. Alba, M. car-
 bonas— m. Calcinata,  M. usta — m. Citrate  of,
 Magnesiae citras—m. Dinneford's,  see  Magnesia,
 fluid—m. Edinburgensis, M. carbonas.
    Magnesia.  Effervescing,  Moxon's.  (.Ung-
 ues,  curb. ;  M.  sulphat.; Soda bicarbon.,  Acid
 tartaric, aa partes aequales;  to be  pulverized,
 well dried, mixed, and enclosed in bottles herme-
 tically sealed.)  Dose,  a teaspoonful in half  a
 tumbler of water, drunk in a state of effervescence.
    Magnesia, Ellis's, see Magnesia.
    Magnesia, Fluid.  Under this name a prepa-
 ration is designated, which consists of a solution
 of carbonate of magnesia in  carbonated water.
 It is also termed carbonated magnesia water, ae-
 rated magnesia  water, and condensed solution of
 magnesia, (F.)  Eau magnesienne.   Dinneford's
 Magnesia is a solution  of this kind.
    Magnesia, Henry's, Magnesia—m. Husband's,
 see Magnesia—m. Mitis, Magnesiae carbonas—m.
 Muriate of, Magnesii chloridum—m. Nigra, Man-
 ganese, black oxide of.
    Magnesia Opali'na.  A name  given by Le-
 m6ry to  a mixture of equal parts of antimonii,
 nitrate of jyotassa, and chloride of sodium, (decre-
 pitated.)   It has emetic properties, but is  not
 used.
    Magnesia Salis Amari, Magnesiae carbonas
 —m. Salis Ebsdamensis, Magneshe carbonas—m.
 Saturni, Antimonium—m. Solution of, condensed,
 M. fluid — m. Subcarbonate of,  Magnesiae carbo-
 nas— m.  Subcarbonate of, hydrated, Magnesiae
| carbonas — m. Terra, Magnesia—m. Vitriolata,
 Magnesias sulphas—m. and Soda, sulphate of, see
 Soda, sulphate of—m. Usta, Magnesia.
   Magne'si.e Ace'tas, AC'ctate of Mngne'sia.
 This salt is prepared by saturating carbonate of
 magnesia with acetic acid.  It is of syrupy con-
 sistence, and about four ounces is a dose.  It acts
 like citrate of magnesia.
   Magnesias Car'bonas seu Subcar'bonas, Mag-
 nesia  (Dublin),  M. aera'ta seu carbon'ica  seu
 alba, M. Siibcnrbon'ica seu Mitis seu Ediuburg-
 en'sis seu Salis  Ebsdamen'sis  seu  Salis ama'ri.
 Car'bonas magne'sicnin, Lac terra, Hypocar'bnnat
 magne'sia,  Terra amara aera'ta seu  absor-'bens
 minera'lis seu taleo'sa  oxyanthraco'des, Snbcar'-
 bonate of Magnesia,  Hy'drated Subcar'bonate of
 Magnesia, (E.)  Sons-carbonate  ou  carbonate de
 Magnesie,  Magnisie  aeree ou blanche ou crayense
 ou douce ou efi'crrescente ou moyenne ou Anglaise,
 Craie ou  Terre  magnesienne, Lait de Terre, Pa-
nacee Anglaise, Poudre de Sentinelli ou de Valen-
tin! ou du  Camte  de Palme ou de Zwlnger.   Pre-
pared from sulphate of magnesia by subcarbonate
of potassa. It is inodorous ; insipid; light; white;
spongy;  opake;  effervescing  with acids; inso-
luble in water.   Properties  the same as the last;
but the carbonic acid, when set free, sometimes
causes unpleasant distension.
  Magnesia: Citras, Citrate  of Magnesia,  (F.) 
MAGNESIAN LEMONADE     5C2        MAGNOLIA  GLAUCA
Citrate de Magnisie. A saline preparation, formed
by saturating a solution of citric acid with either
magnesia  or its carbonate.   Dose, an ounce.   It
is  devoid  of the bitter  taste of  the magnesian
salts.
  A solution in water, or in mineral water, sweet-
ened with syrup, and acidulated with citric acid,
makes an agreeable  purgative.   A simple solu-
tion in water has been called magnesian  lemonade.
In  the  effervescing state, it is the  effervescing
■magiiesian lemonade.  The Pharmacopoeia of  the
United  States  (1851) has a form  for the Liquor
Magnesia Citra'tis, Solution ofi  Citrate of Mag-
nesia.   Take of  Carbonate of magnesia, J^v :  ci-
tric  acid,  ^viiss;  Syrup of citric acid,  f.^ij ;
 Wnter,  a sufficient quantity.   Dissolve  the citric
acid in  f.^iv of water, and add g'w of the carbo-
nate of magnesia, previously rubbed with f^5iij
of water.   When the reaction has ceased, filter
into a strong  f^xij glass bottle,  into which  the
syrup of  citric  acid  has been  previously intro-
duced.  Rub the remaining carbonate of magne-
sia with f t^ij of water, and pour the mixture into
tbe bottle, which  must be well corked, and secured
with twine; and shake the mixture occasionally
until it  becomes transparent.  As a cathartic  the
whole of this  may be taken.
  Magnesias  Hypocarbonas, M. carbonas—m.
Subcarbonas, M.  carbonas—m. Vitriolicum, Mag-
nesiae sulphas.
  Magnesiae  Sulphas, Sulphas Magnesia puri-
ficn'tn,  Magnesia  vitriola'ta,  Sal cuthar'tlcns
ama'rus seu catharticum amarum seu   ama'rum
seu Anglica'rrum  seu Epsamen'eis  seu cathartieus
Anglica'nits seu Sedlicen'sis seu Ebsdamen'se  seu
Seydschutzeilse. Terra arua'ra sulphu'rica, Vitri-
olicum  Mugne'sia,  Sulphate of Magnesia,  Epsom
Salt, Bitter purging  Salt, (F.)  Sulfate de mag-
nfsie, Sel admirable de Lemery, Sel d'Egra. Gene-
rally obtained from sea-water.   Its taste is bitter
and disagreeable.   It  is soluble in  an  equal
quantity of water at 60°.  It  is  purgative and
diuretic.  Dose, as a cathartic ^ss to ^ij.
  MAGNESIAN L EM ON A.DE, 'Magnesiae
citras.    _,       _,
  MAGNESIE AERfilE, Magnesiae carbonas—
—m. Anglaise, Magnesiae carbonas—m. Blanche,
Magnesiae carbonas—m. Bridie, Magnesia usta-—
in. Carbonate de, Magnesiae carbonas — m. Cans-
ti'que. Magnesia usta — m. Citrate de,  Magnesiae
citras — m.  Crayeuse,  Magnesiae  carbonas — ???.
Douce,  Magnesiae  carbonas —  m. Effervescente,
Magnesiae carbonas—m. Moyenue, Magnesiae car-
bonas—m. Souscorbonate  de,  Magnesiae  carbonas
—m. Sulfate de, Magnesiae sulphas.
  MAGNE'SII  CHLO'RIDUM, Chloride  of
Magne'sium, Mu'rinte ofi  Magnesia.   This bitter
deliquescent salt has been given  as  a  mild and
effective eholagogue cathartic, in the dose of half
au  ounce  to the adult.  Being deliquescent, it
mav be kept dissolved in  its weight of water.
  MAGNESIUM, see Magnesia—m. Chloride of.
Magnesii  chloridum — m.  Oxide of,  Magnesia
usta.
  MAGNET, M^agnes, Magne'tes,  Ferritin magnes
attrncto'rium,  Sideri'tes,  Sideri'tis, Lapis  hera-
cle'ns sen Siplerltis sou  nau'tieus, Mngni'tis, so
called from  Magnes, its discoverer, or from Mag-
nesia, where it is said to have  been first  found.
(F.) Airnant,  Pierre  d'Aimant.   The  magnet  or
loadstone.   An  amorphous,  oxydulated  ore  of
iron, which exerts an  attraction  on unmagnetized
iron,  and  has the property of exhibiting poles;
that is, of pointing by  one of its extremities  to
the north.  This ore, by constant or long rub-
bing, communicates its  properties to iron ; and
thus artificial  magnets  are  formed.   Magnetic
ore is found in  many  countries,  and particularly
in the island of Elba.  The magnet is sometimes
used to extract  spicula of iron from the eye or
from wounds.  It has been  employed as an anti-
spasmodic;  but  acts only through the imagina.
tion.   Tbe powder has been given as a tonic.  In
Pharmacy, it is  used to  purify iron  filings.  It
attracts tbe iron, and the impurities  remain be-
hind.  It formerly entered, as an ingredient, into
several plasters, to  draw bullets and  heads  of
arrows from the body — as the Emplastrum did.
num Nieolai,  the Emplastrum nigrum  of  Augs-
burg, the Opodeldoch, and Attractivum of Para-
celsus, Ac
  MAGNETES, Magnet.
  MAGNETTC, Magnet'icus,  (F.)  Magnftique.
Same etymon.   That which belongs or relates to
magnetism ;—mineral or animal.
  Magnetic  Fluid.  A name given to the im-
ponderable fluid to which the  magnet owes  its
virtues.  By analogy it is applied to a particular
principle, supposed to be the  source of orgnnio
actions,  which affects,  it is  conceived, the ner-
vous  system principally, and  is  susceptible  of
being  transmitted from one living body to an-
other,  by contact or simple  approximation, and
especially under the influence of fixed volition.
See Magnetism,  Animal.
  Magnetic  Plaster.   A  plaster, at present,
not used.  It has for its base a mixture, called
Mngnes arsenica'lis;  formed of equal  parts  of
antimony, sulphur and arsenic melted together in
a glass cucurbit.  The  name  Magnetic plaster
was, likewise, given to such as  contained pow-
dered magnet.
  MAGNETINUS, Potassa? supertartras im-
purus.
  MAG'NETISM, AN'IMAL, Mes'merisni,Palh'-
etism, Neuroga'mia, Bioga'mia, Biomagnetis'mus,
Zoomagnetis'mits, Exon'eurism  (proposed by Mr.
H.  Mayo), Telluris'mus,  Anthropomagnel is'inns,
Gnr'gnle, Gargalis'miis,  Gar'gafus.   Properties
attributed to the influence  of a particular prin-
ciple, which  has been  compared to that which
characterizes the magnet.  It is supposed  to  be
transmitted  from one person to another, and  to
impress peculiar modifications on organic action,
especially on  that  of the nerves.  The discus-
sions, to  which this strange belief has given rise,
are by no means terminated.  There is no evi-
dence whatever  of the existence of such a fluid.
Highly impressible  persons  can be thrown into a
kind of hysteric or 'magnetic' sleep and  somnam-
bulism, (designated by Mr. Braid, hyp'notism,
nenro-hyp'notism, and nervous sleep); but farther
than  this,  the efforts of  the magnetizer cannot
reach.   It is  a mode  of action upon  the nerves
through the medium of  the  senses.
  MAGNETIZATION, Mesmerization.
  MAGNETIZED, Mesmerized.
  MAGNETIZER, Mesmerizer.
  MAGXITIS. Magnet.
  MAGNITUDO CORPORIS, Stature—m. Gi-
gantea, see Giant.
  MAGNOC, Jatropha manihot.
  MAGNOLIA  FRAGRANS,  M. glauca.
  Magno'lia  Glauca,, Mnguoh'a, 31. fragrant,
Small  Magnolia, Swamp  Sas'safiras,  Elk Bark,
Indian Bark, White  Laurel, Sweet Bay, Beaver
 Wood, Beaver  Tree, White Bay, Cinchona  of
 Virginia, Castor Buy, Street or Laurel magnolia,
(F.)  Magnolier  glanqne.   Ord.  Magnuliaceae.
The bark is possessed of tonic  properties, resem-
bling those of cascarilla. canella. Ac   The same
may be said of the Magnolia tripelala seu Um-
brella,  Umbrella tree;  the M.  acumina'ta  or
Cu'cnmber tree, the .'/.  grandiflo'ra  and M. ma-
erophylla, Laurel. Elk wood. Silrerleaf, Big leaf,
 White Bm/,  Bearer Tree, El..: bnrk, Pit/ bloom.
  Magnolia'(Ph. U. S.), is the  bark of  Magnolia
glauca, M. acumina'ta, and  M.  tripelala. 
MAGNOLIER GLAUQUE     563      MA LADIES  AC QUISES
  MAGNOLIER GLAUQUE, Magnolia glauca. I
  MAGNUM DEI DON I'M, Cinchona.
  Magnum Os.   The third bone of the lower row
of tbe carpus, reckoning from the thumb.   It  is
the largest bone of the carpus ; and is, also, called
Os en pita'turn;  (F.) Grand Os.
  MAGRUMS.  A popular name in the State of
New York for  a singular  convulsive  affection,
which resembles chorea.  It rarely, however, oc-
curs before the  adult  age;  never ceases sponta-
neously, and, when  fully developed, is  devoid of
any paroxysmal character.
  MAGUEY, Agave Americana.
  MAIIMOUDY, Convolvulus scammonia.
   MAIIOGAN FEBRIFUGE,  Swietenia febri-
fuga.
  MAHOGANY, Gynocladus Canadensis.   Also,
a drink in use among the Cornish fishermen of
England,  which is made of two parts gin and one
part treacle, well beaten together.  An  analogous
 drink — a mixture  of whisky  and honey,  (see
 Mead, under Hydromel,) is known in  the High-
lands of Scotland by the name Athol porridge.
   Mahogany Mountain, Betula lenta—m. Tree,
 Swietenia mahogani.
   MAIANTHEMUM, Convallaria. maialis.
   MAIDENHAIR,  Adiantum capillus  veneris—
 m. American,  Adiantum pedatum —m. Canada,
 Adiantum pedatum — in.   Common, Asplenium
 trichomnnoides — m. Golden, Polytricbum — m.
 White.  Asplenium ruta murnria.
   MAIDEXIIEAD, Virginity.
   MAIDENHOOD, Virginity.
   MAIEI A, Obstetrics.
   MAIEUMA,  see Parturition.
   MAIEUSIS,  Parturition.
   MAIEUTA, see Parturition.
   MAIEUTER, Accoucheur.
   MAIEUTES,  Accoucheur.
   MAIEUTICA ARS, Obstetrics.
   MMGREUR. Emaciation.
   MAILLET, Mallet.
   MAILLOT, Swathing clothes.
   MAIN, Manus.
   MAIRANIA UVA  URSI, Arbutus urva ursi.
   MAIS,  Zea mays.
   MAI SON PETITE, Morotrophium.
   MAJOR IIEL'ICIS.  A narrow band of mus-
 cular fibres situate upon the anterior  border of
 the helix of the ear, just above the tragus.
   MAJOBANA, Origanum  majorana—m. Hor-
 tcnsis,  Origanum majorana — m. Syriaca, Teu-
 crium marum.
   MAKROCEPIIALUS, Macrocephalus.
   MAL D'AMOUIl, Odontalgia.
  MAL DES ARDENS.   A name given  to a
species  of pestilential erysipelas or Saint  Antho-
ny'i fire, which reigned epidemically in France,
in 1130.
  MAL  D'AVENTURE,  Paronychia — m. di
Brenn,  Scherlievo — m. Caduc, Epilepsy — m. de
 Uerf, Tetanus.
  MAL DE CR1MEE (F.), Lepre des Cossaques,
Lepra  Tau'riea.   A  variety  of lepra  in  the
Crimen.
  MAL DE DENT.  Odontalgia— m. d'Estomac,
Chthonophagia— in. Dirin, Epilepsy — m. d''En-
fant. Pains (Labour)—m. di Finnic, Scherlievo—
»». Frtincais, Syphilis—m. de Gorge,  Cynanche—
m. Grand, see  Epilepsy—m. Hmtt, Epilepsy—m.
tie Miichoire, Trismus — ?». de Met;  Nausea  ma-
rina— m. de Mire, Hysteria — in. de Misere.  Pel-
lagra— ???. de Montague, Puna — ?». de Naples,
Syphilis—m. Petit, see Epilepsy—m. des PietU et
den  mnintt, Aerodynia—»«. Regiaualc, Endemy—
i». de la llosa, Pellagra—m. du I'm', Scrofula—m.
Itnuge de Cayenne, Elephantiasis  of Cayenne—m. \
Saint Antoine, Erysipelas —»». Saint  Jean, Epi-
lepsy—m. Saint Main, Lepra, Psora—m. di Scher-
lievo, Scherlievo—m. de Siam, Fever, yellow.
  MAL DE SAN LAZARO,  Cocobay.  A  le-
prous disease, common  in Colombia, S. America.
  MAL DEL SOLE,  Pellagra — m. de Sologne,
Ergotism — m. de Terre,  Epilepsy — m. d  Tete,
Cephalalgia—m.  del Valle,  Proctocace—m. Vat,
see Anthrax.
  MALA,  Gena — m.  Aurea, see Citrus auran-
tium.
  MALABATII'RINUM.  Ancient  name of  an
ointment and a wine, into which the malabathrum,
entered.
  MALABATHRUM,  Cafleji-Indi.   The leaves
of a tree  of  the  East Indies.  These leaves en-
tered into the theriac,  mithridate, and other an-
cient electuaries.  They are  believed to be from
a species of laurel—Laurus Cassia;  but, accord-
ing to others,  from Laurus  Malabathrum.  The
O'leum Mnlnbnthri is obtained from  it.
  MALACCAS RADIX, Sagittarium  alexiphar-
inacutn.
  MA LA CHE, Malva rotundifolia.
  MALA'CIA, from paXaKta, 'softness.' A de-
pravation of taste, in which an almost universal
loathing is combined with an  exclusive longing
for some  particular article of food.  If the pa-
tient desires substances that are noxious or not
eatable, it constitutes  Pica, Pisso'sis, Pitto'sis,
lleterorex'ia,  Hcterorrhex'ia,   Cissa,   Citto'sis,
Citta, Limo'sis  Pica,  Allotriophn'gia,  Picacis'-
mus,  Pictltio, Depra'ved ap'pclite,  (F.) Envie.
These S3Tmptoms accompany several nervous af-
fections,— those of females  in  particular.  In
pregnancy it is common, and is termed Longing.
  Malacia  Africanorum,  Chthonophagia — m.
Cordis, Cardiomalacia.
  MALACISMUS, Mollities.
  MALACOCASTER,  Gastromalaxia.
  MALACOPHO'NUS, from paXaKta,  'softness,*
and c-uovn, 'voice.'  One who  has a soft voice.
  MALACOPCSA,  Emollients.
  MALACORIUM, see Punica granatum.
  MALACOSARCO'SIS, from uuXukos, ' soft,' and
o-<zp!, trapKos,  'flesh.'   State  of softness of the
muscular  system.
  MALACOSIS, Mollities—m. Cerebri, Mollities
cerebri—m.  Cordis, Cardiomalacia—m.  Hepatis,
Hepatomnlacia—in. Uteri, Hysteromalacia.
  MALACOSTEON, Mollities ossium.
  MALACOSTEOSIS,  Mollities ossium.
  MALACTICA, Emollients.
  MALACTICUM, Relaxant.
  MALADE, Sick.
  MALAD/E. Disen.se—m. Anglaise, Hypochon-
driasis—  m.  Bleue,  Cyanopathy — m. de Bright,
Kidney, Bright's disease ofthe—m. Bulleitse, see
Bullous,   Pemphigus — m.  de  Cruveilheir,  see
Brash, weaning — m.  Cuculairc,  Pertussis — ?».
G/iindii/aire, Elephantiasis Arabica — m. Imngi-
uaire, Hypochondriasis, Hysteria—m. Mercurielle,
Hydrargyriasis.
  MA LA DIE  DES MINEURS.   Anosmia oc-
curring in  the workers in mines.
  MALADIE  NOIRE, Melaena — w. du Pays,
Nostalgia — in. Petliculaire, Phtheiriasis — m. de
Pott, Vertebral disease—m. Typho'ide, see Typhus
—»i.  Venfrienne,  Syphilis—in. tie Venus,  Syphilis
—m. de Werlhof, Purpura haemorrhagica.
  MA LA DIES A ''QUISES. Acquired diseases—
m..InnnelIcs. Annual diseases--?)?. Chroniqucs,Chro-
nic diseases — m.  Counees, Connate diseases—m.
Dissimiilees, Feigned diseases—in.E.vternes.'Exter-
nnl diseases—??i. Feintes. Feigned diseases—m.IIe-
reditaires. Hereditary diseases—in. Innees, Innate
diseases—m.  Legitimes,  see Legitimate—m.  ATer-
renses. Nervous diseases—??(. Itdigienses, Reli-
gious diseases — m.  Simulecs, Feigned diseases—■ 
MAL AD IF
56
I
MALLEUS
m.  Sporadiques,  see  Sporadic — m.  Snpposees,
Feigned diseases—m. Vcntettses, Pneumatosis.
  MALA DIE, Sickly.
  MA LADRERIE, Ladrerie.
  MALADY, ENGLISH, Hypochondriasis.
  MAL.E  OS, from malum, ' an apple ;' so called
from  its roundness.   Zygo'ma,  Os mala're  seu
Juga'le seu Jiigamen'tum sen Gena seu Zygotnali-
euni  seu Hypo'piurn  seu  Subocu/a're  seu Pudl-
cum,  (F.) Os  Malaire OU  Zygomatique ou  de la
Pomniette.  The  cheek: or malar bone.   This bone
is situate at the lateral and superior  part of the
face ; and  constitutes the zygomatic region of the
cheek.  It is irregularly quadrilateral.  Its outer
surface is  convex, covered by muscles and skin,
and  pierced with canals, called malar,  through
which vessels and nerves pass.  Its  ripper  sur-
face  is concave, and forms part of the orbit.  Its
posterior surface  is concave, and enters into the
composition of the temporal fossa.  This bone is
thick and cellular.  It  is articulated with  the
frontal,  temporal, sphenoid, and superior maxil-
lary  bones, and is developed by a single point of
ossification.
   The  part  of the face  rendered  prominent by
it,  the French call Pomniette.
   MALAG'MA,  from paXaaoor,  'I soften.'   An
emollient cataplasm, and, in general,  every local
application which enjoys the property of soften-
ing organic tissues.
   MALAIRE. Malar.
   MALAISE. Indisposition.
   MALAK1EN,  Mollities.
   MALAMBO BARK, Matias.
   MALANUEHS, Malandria.
   MALAN'DRIA.  A species of lepra  or elephan-
tiasis.— Marcellus  Empiricus.   Mnltenders or
Mull aiders, is a disease of the horse,  which con-
 sists of a scurfy eruption on the  inside of the
hock, or a little  below it,  as well as at the bend
of the knee.   It is called  Mnllenders  in the fore-
leg,  and Snllenders in the hind leg.—Youatt.
   MALANDRIO'SUS,  Leprous.  Affected with
malandria.
   MALAR, Mnln'ris,  (F.) Malaire,  from  mala,
 'the cheek,'   Belonging  to the cheek, — as  the
malar bone.
   Malar  Process, Zygomatic process.
   MALARE OS, Malm os.
   MALARIA, Miasm.
   MALA'RIOUS, Mala'rial.  Owing to, or con-
nected  with  Malaria,—as a malarious soil,  mala-
rious disease. &c.
   MALASSIMILA'TIO^S,Mnlnssimila'tio; from
mala, ' bad.' and assimilatio, ' assimilation.'   Im-
perfect or  morbid assimilation or nutrition.
   MAL'AXATE, Moll I re, Snbig"ere,Malacissfl-
re, (F.) Malaxer, from paXutrata, ' I soften.' To pro-
 duce softening of drugs, by kneading  them.   The
process is  called Malaxa'tian, Malaxa'tio.
   MALAXATION. see Malaxate.
   MALAXIA VENTRICULI, Gastromalaxia.
   MALAXES, Mollities — m. Cordis,  Cardioma-
lacia—m.  Hepatica, Adiposis  hepatica.
   MALAY,  see Homo.
   MALAZISSATUS,  Malacissa'tus,   same  ety-
mon as Malaxate.  One  in whom the  testicles
have not descended.  It has, also, been used sy-
nonymously with ernascula'tus and muliera'tus.—
 Castelli.                                      ,
   MALCE, Chilblain.
   MALE, Mas, Mas'cnlns.  Of the sex that be-
gets  young.   Not female.  What belongs to  the
male sex;  as the male organs of generation.
   Male, Axilla.
   Male Organ, Penis.
   MALE  DI BRENO, see Scherlievo —m. Sca-
bioso venerea, Scherlievo.
   MALEFICIUM, Poisoning.
  MALFORMATION. malfiorma'Go, malconfar-
ma'tio ; from mat, and forma, 'form.'   A wrong
formation ;  or  irregularity  in  the structuro  of
parts.   See Monster.
  MA LEER HE, Plumbago Europaea.
  MALIA,  see Equinia.
  MALIASMUS, Malis, see Equinia.
  MALICE, Althaea.
  MALICHORIU.M, see Punica granatum.
  MALICORIUM, see Punica granatum.
  MALIE,  Equinia.
  MALIG'NANT,  MaUg'nns, (F.) Malin.   A
terra  applied to any disease whose symptoms are
so aggravated as to threaten  the destruction  of
the patient.  A disease of a very serious charac-
ter, although it may be mild in appearance; —
Morbus innlitpins.
  MALIN, Malignant.
  MALING'ERER; from (F.) mnlingre,'?\My.'
A simulator of disease, so termed in the British
military service.
  MALIS,  Malias'mos, Cnta'neous vermina'tinn,
Hclminthoilcus.  The  cuticle or skin  infested
with  animalcules,— Phthirlasis, Parasitis'imm
superfic"iei.  In Persia, this affection is produced
by the  Guinea worm ; in  South America, by the
Chigre; and  in Europe,  occasionally  by  tho
Louse.   See Equinia, and Phtheiriasis.
  Malis Dracunculus, Dracunculus—m. Gordii,
Dracunculus—m. Pediculi, Phtheiriasis.
  MALLENDERS, Malandria.
  MALLE'OLAR,  Mulleola'ris, from  malleolus,
'the ankle.'  (F.) Malleoluire.  Belonging or re-
lating to the ankles.
  Malleolar Arteries are two branches fur-
nished  by the  anterior tibial about the instep:
the one—tbe internal—passes transversely behind
the tendon of the tibialis anticus, to be distributed
in the vicinity of the malleolus internus; — the
other — the external — glides behind the tendons
of the extensor communis digitorum pedis and the
perotrens  brevis.  and  sends its branches to  the
parts which surround  the outer ankle, as well as
to the outer region of the tarsus.
  MALLE'OLUS.   Diminutive  of malleus, 'a
mallet,  or hammer;' Rnce'ta,  Raste'tn,  llaschn,
Rnsetta, Rase'ta,  Sphyra, Talus,  Diab'ebos, Tit-
le'olns,  Peza,  Ankle,  (Prov.)  Anclcr,  Anclet,
Ancliff, Anelow,  Ankley,  liifk, (Sc.) Cute, Cont
Hanclcth, Heather-cln, (F.)  Malleole. Chenille dn
Pied.   The two projections formed by the bones
of the leg at their  inferior  part.   The inner be-
longs to the tibia; the outer to the fibula.  The
ankles afford attachment  to ligaments: and each
has a sort  of gutter,  in  which certain  tendons
slide.   See  Malleus.
  MALLET,  Malte'ohts, (F.) Muillet.  A kind
of hammer, used with  a  gouge for removing  or
cutting bones,  in certain surgical and anatomical
operations.
  MAL'LEUS, Malle'olus,  Ossic'ulum  Mulled,,
assimila'tum,  (F.)  Marteau.  The longest  and
outermost of the four small bones of the  ear.  It
is situate at the outer part ofthe tympanum, and
is united  to the  membrana tyinpani.  It has, 1.
An ovoid bead, which is  articulated behind  with
the  incus,  and is  supported by  a  narrow  part
called the neck:  this has. anteriorly, a long  apo-
physis, which is engaged in the glenoid fissure,
anil  is called the Apophysis  or Process, Proces'sut
grac"ilis, of Bau.  It affords  attachment to the
anterior seu externus mallei  muscle.  2. A handle,
which forms an  obtuse angle with the neck, and
corresponds to the  membrane of the tympanum,
which it seems to draw inwards.   It is furnished
at its upper extremity with a process — the pro-
cessus brevis,  to which the  internus niallei is at-
tached.   This bone is developed by a single point
of ossification. 
MALLOW,  COMMON        565               MAMMARY
  Malleus, Equinia—M. farciminosus, see Equi-
nia— ui. Slender  Process of the,  Grele apophyse
du nun-lean.
  MALLOW, COMMON, Malva—m. Compound
decoction of, Decoctum malvae compositum — m.
Indian, Abutilon Avicennae—m. Yellow, Abutilon
A vice una'.
  MALLS, Rubeola.
  MAL'MEDY, MINERAL WATERS OF. Mal-
medy is a town in Rhenish  Prussia, between Spa
and Coblenz.  In its immediate vicinity are seve-
ral acidulous chalybeate springs.
  MALO DI SCAltLlEVO, Scherlievo.
  MALOGRANATUM, Punica granatum.
  MALPIGIII, ACINI   OF,  Corpora  Malpi-
ghiana.
   MALPIG'HIA  MOUREL'LA,  (F.) Mourdl-
lier, Simarouba faux.  The bark of this shrub—
a native of Cayenne — is reputed  to be febrifuge,
and useful  in diarrhoea.
   MALl'IGHIAN BODIES, Corpora  Malpighi-
 ana—in. b. Inflammation  of the, Kidney, Bright's
 disease of the—in. b. of the  Spleen, see Spleen.
   MALPRAX'IS, Mala praxis, Malum reg"imen.
 Bad management or treatment.
   MALT,  Sax.  mealt,  Dutch,  mout,  Teut.
 malt;  from pnXarTor, T soften;' [?] Byne, Mul-
 t u hi, Hor'dei malt urn, Bra'sium, (F.) Dreche. Bar-
 ley made to germinate, for the purpose of forming
 beer.  It has been recommended in medicine, as
 antiscorbutic, antiscrofulous, Ac.
   Malt Spirit.  A spirit distilled from malt.  It
 is the basis of most of the spirituous cordials.
   MALTA, CLIMATE  OF.   The  climate of
 Malta is pretty equable, the range of tempera-
 ture  in the twenty-four hours being rarely more
 than  6°. The air is almost always dry and clear.
 The most disagreeable wind is the sirocco, which
 is the source of more or less suffering to the pul-
 monary invalid.  The winter  climate  is  favour-
 able.   Dr.  Liddell thinks that no place which he
 has seen in the south of Europe can compete with
 Malta,  for a mild, dry. bracing air in  November,
 December,  and part of January; and  during  the
 other winter and spring  months, he  thinks it is
 equal to any of them.
   MALTHA,  Maltlie, from uaXarria, 'I soften.'
 Wax, particularly soft wax.
   MALTHACT1CA,  Emollients.
   MALTHAXIS, Mollities.
   MALUM, Disease, Melum — m.  Articulorum,
 Gout—m. Cnducum, Epilepsy—m. Caducum. pul-
 monum, Asthma—m. Cnniun, see Pyrus cydonia
 —ni.  Coense, Averrhoa carambola—m. Cotoneum,
 see Pyrus  cydonia—m.  llypochondriacum, Hy-
 pochondriasis—ra. Ilystericum, Hysteria—m. In-
 snnum, see  Solanum Melongena—in. Ischiadicum,
 Neuralgia femoro-poplitaea—m. Lazari, Elephan-
 tiasis—m. Lycopersicum, Solanum lycopersicuin.
   Malum  Mor'tuu.h.   A species  of lepra,  in
 which the  affected  portions of skin seem  to be
 struck with death.
  _ M vLum Pilare, Trichosis—m. Pottii, Vertebral
disease—m. Primarium, Idiopathia—m. Regimen,
 Malpraxis—m. Spinosum, Datura stramonium—
m. Terrestre, Atropa Mandragora—m. Venereum,
Syphilis.
   MALUS, Pyrus mains — m. Aurantia major,
Citrus aurantium—m. Communis, Pyrus malus—
m.  Ihisvphylln, Pyrus mains.
  Malus In'ihca, Bilumbi biting-bing of  Bon-
tius.  Ord. Rosaceie.  The juice of this East In"
dia tree is cooling, and  is drunk ns a cure for
fevers.  The leaves, boiled and made into a cata-
plasm with  rice, are famed in all sorts of tumours.
The juice, mixed with arrack, is drunk  for the
cure of diarrhcea.   The  ripe fruit  is eaten as a
delicacy; and  the unripe is made into a  pickle 'I
for the use of the table.                        II
I    Malus Limonia Acida, see Citrus medica—m.
. Medica, see Citrus medica—m. Sylvestris, Pyrus
li malus.
    MALVA, Malcn sylves'tris seu vulga'ris, Com-
 mon  Mallow, (V.) Mauve sauruge.  Ord. Mal-
 vaceae.   The leaves and flowers are chiefly used
 in fomentations, cataplasms, and  emollient ene-
 inata.  Its properties are demulcent.
    Malva  rotundifo'lia, Mai'ache,  Mai oche,  has
 like virtues: as  well as the other varieties.
    MALVAVISCUM, Althaea.
    MAI/VERN,  MATERS OF.  The  village of
 Great Malvern,  (pronounced Maw'vern,) in Wor-
 cestershire, England,  has  for many  years been
 celebrated  for a spring of  remarkable  purity,
 which has acquired the name of the  Holy well.
 It is a carbonated water;  containing carbonates
 of soda and iron, sulphate of soda, and  chloride
 of sodium ; and is chiefly used externally, in cu-
 taneous affections.
    MAMA-PIAN.  (F.) Maman-pian.  An ulcer
 of a bad aspect, which is the commencement of
 the  pian ; and which, after having destroyed the
 flesh, extends to the bones.  It is also called the
 Mother of Pians ;—La mere des plans.
    MAMEI, Mamoe, Mom in or Toddy tree.  From
 incisions  made in the  branches of this West In-
 dian tree, a copius discharge of  pellucid liquor
 occurs, which is called mom in or Toddy wine.   It
 is very diuretic, and is esteemed to be a goad an-
  tilithic and lithontriptic
    MAMELLE, Mamma.
    MA MELON, Nipple.
    MAM EL ONNE, Mammillated.
    MA MELONS  DU It EI A7, Papillae of the
 kidney.
    MAMILLA, Mammula, see Mamma.
    MAMMA, from mamma,  one  of the  earliest
  cries of the infant, ascribed  to a desire for food.
  Masthos,  Mast us,  Musos,  Thele,  Titlhos, Titty,
  lluina, Uber, ovSap,  A'utri.r,  Geniip'oma.   The
  female breast, Pap, Pappe, (Mammilla,  Mantilla
  being the  male breast;) (F.) Mumelle.  A glan-
  dular organ, proper to a class of animals — the
  mammalia — and intended for the secretion of
  milk.  The mammae exist in both sexes, but they
  acquire a much greater size in the female; especi-
  ally during pregnancy and lactation.   In women,
  before the  age  of puberty,  the breasts are but
  little developed.   At this period, however,  to-
  wards the  central part of each breast,  the skin
  suddenly changes colour, and assumes a rosy
  tint.  It  is  of a  reddish brown  in women who
  have suckled several children.  This circle has a
  rugous appearance,  owing  to the presence of
  sebaceous glands, and is called Are'oln or Aure'-
  ola.  These glands— Tubercles ofi the Areola, of
  Sir  Astley Cooper—furnish an unctuous fluid for
  defending the nipple from the action of the saliva
  of the sucking infant.  In the midst ofthe aure-
  ola  is the nipple, a conoidal  eminence, of a rosy
  tint, susceptible of erection, and at the surface
 of which the galactophorous ducts open.  Besides
 the  skin  covering them,  the breasts are, also,
 composed of a layer of fatty areolar tissue, more
 or less thick ; of a large gland ; excretory ducts;
 vessels, nerves,  Ac. See Mammary.
    In the  animal, the mamma is called the Udder,
 ov&up, Uber, the Bag.
    The breasts, plus the»spaee between, are called
 the  bosom, sinus, colpos (ko\t:os).  At times, these
 terms arc  restricted  to the  space between the
 breasts.   (F.) Sein.
    Mamma also means a nurse.
    MAMMAIRE, Mammary.
    MAMMAL,  plural  Mamma'lia, Mam'mifier,
 mammif'erous animal; from mamma, 'a breast.'
 An animal that suckles its young.
    MAM'MARY,  Mamma'rius, (F.) Mammaire, 
MAMMARY ABSCESS        566          M ANDR AG ORITES
from  mamma,  'the breast.'   Relating  to  the II
breasts.
  Mammary Abscess. Mastodynia apostematosa.
  Mammary Arteries  are  three  in  number. I
They are  distinguished  into — 1.  The Internal \
Mammary,  Arte'ria sterna'lis,  A.  Sous-sternal
(Ch.), Internal thorac"ic.  It arises from the sub-
clavian, and descends obliquely inwards, from its
origin  to  the cartilage of the third rib.  Below
the diaphragm it divides into two  branches ; the
one external, the other internal.  From its origin
until its bifurcation, it gives branches  to  the
muscles and glands of the  neck, to the thymus,
mediastinum, pericardium,  and oesophagus.   In
each intercostal  space it gives off  internal  and
external musculo-cutaneous  branches, and  also,
on each side,  the superior  diaphragmatic.   Its
two ultimate  branches  are  distributed  on the
parietes of the abdomen, and  anastomose with
the  external mammary,  intercostal, lumbar, cir-
cumflexa ilii, and epigastric arteries. 2. The Ex-
ternal Mammary Arteries are two in number, and
are distinguished into  superior and inferior.  The
superior external mammary. First of the thoracics
(Ch.), Superior  external thoracic, Superior tho-
racic,  is  furnished by  the  axillary artery.   It
descends  obliquely forwards between the pector-
alis major and pectoralis minor, to which it is
distributed by a considerable number of branches.
The inferior external mammary, the second of the
thoracics (Ch.), Long  or  inferior thoracic, arises
from the axillary artery, a little below the pre-
ceding.  It  descends  vertically over the lateral
part of the thorax; curves, afterwards, inwards;
becomes subcutaneous and divides into a number
of branches, which surround the breast.  It gives
branches to the pectoralis major, serratus major
anticus, the intercostal muscles, the glands  of
the axilla, and the integuments of the breast.
   Mammary Glano, Glan'dula Inc.tif'em, is the
secretory organ  of the milk.  It  is  situate  in
the  substance  of  the  breast, to which it gives
shape.  The tissue of this  gland  results  from
the assemblage of lobes of different size, united
intimately  by  a dense areolar  tissue.  Each of
these is composed of several lobules, formed  of
round granulations, of a rosy white colour, and
of the size of  a poppy seed.  The glandular
grains give rise to the radicles  of the excretory
canals  of the  mamma, which are called  galac-
tophorous  or lactiferous.  These  excretory  ves-
sels unite in rarausculi, rami, and  in trunks  of
greater or less  size ; collect towards  the centre of
the  gland; are  tortuous,  very extensible, and
semi-transparent.   All  terminate  in  sinuses,
situate near the  base of the nipple, which  are
commonly  from  15  to 18  in  number.   These
sinuses are very short, conical, and united by are-
olar tissue.  From their summits, a fasciculus of
new ducts  sets out, which  occupy the centre  of
the  nipple  and  open  separately at its surface.
The arteries of the mammary gland come from
the thoracic, axillary, intercostal,  and internal
mammary.  The veins accompany  the arteries ;
the nerves  are furnished  by the intercostals, and
brachial plexus ; the  lymphatic vessels  are very
numerous,  and form two layers.   They commu-
nicate with those of the thorax, and pass into the
axillary ganglions.
   Mam'mary  Sarco'ma, Mastoid  sarcoma  of
 Abernethy, Emphy'ma sarcoma mamma'rum.   A
tumour, of the colour  and  texture  of the mam-
mary gland ; dense and whitish ; sometimes softer
and brownish ;  often producing, on  extirpation, a
 malignant ulcer with indurated  edges.  Found in
various parts of the body and limbs.
   Mammary Veins follow the same course as the
arteries, and have received the same denomina-
 tions.  The internal mammary vein, of the right
side, opens  into  tbe superior cava: that ofthe
left,  into the  corresponding  subclavian  vein.
The external mammary veins open  into the axil-
lary vein.
  MAMME'A AMERICA'NA, (F.) Abricot son-
mage.   Ord. Guttifcne.   Tbe  systematic  name
of the tree on  which the maniinee or mama' fruit
grows.  This fruit has a delightful flavour when
ripe; and is much  cultivated in Jamaica, where
it is generally sold in the markets  as  one of the
best fruits of the island.
  MAMMEA'TA, Mammo'sa, from mamma, 'tho
breast.'   One who has large breasts.
  MAMMELLA, Nipple.
  MAMMIFER. Mammal.
  MAMMIFEROUS ANIMAL, Mammal.
  MAMMIFOBM,  Mastoid.
  MAMMILLA, Mamma (male). Nipple.
  MAMMILLAE MEDULLARES, see Mammil-
lary.
  MAMMILLARIS, Mastoid.
  MAM'MILLARY, Mnmmifla'ris,  from Mam-
milla, 'a small breast, a  nipple.'  See Mastoid.
  Mammillary Em'inence is a name given, 1,
To more or  less marked prominences on tbe inner
surface  of the bones of the cranium,  which cor-
respond to  the nnfractuosities of the cranium.
2. To white, round, medullary tubercles, of the
size of a pea, situate at the base of tbe brain, be-
hind  the. gray  substance  from  which the Tige
pituitaire,  of  the  French anatomists, arises.
These Mammillary Tu'bercles, Um-'po'-a albican'.
'.ia seu  Candican'tia SOU Mammilla'ria seu  Pisi-
for'mia. Bulbi for'nicis, Mammilla  seu  (Uoh'nli.
medulla'res, Prominentia  albican'tes, Prores'sm
mammillrlres cer'ebri, Protensio'nes gland ula'res,
Eminen'tia  eandieailtes, Prio'rnm crnrnm for'-
nicis  bulbi, Willis's Glands, (F.)  Bulbes  de lit
voute d trois piliers, Tubercles pisiformes (Ch.),
arc united to each other  by a small grayish hand,
which corresponds with the third ventricle.  They
receive  the anterior prolongations of the  fornix.
  Some ancient  anatomists, taking the  nervous
trunks, to which Willis  first gave the name of
olfactory nerves, for simple appendages of the
brain,  called  them, an  account of their shape,
Carun'cit/a  mammilla'res.  Vesalius, Fallopius,
Columbus, and several others, termed them Pro-
ces'sus  mammilla'res cer'ebri ad  nares.   They
have also been called Triqo'na olfncto'ria.
  MAM'MILLATED,   (F.)  Mmnelonne,  from
mamma, ' the  female  breast.'  That which has
mammiform projections  on its surface.
  Mammillatep Liver. Cirrhosis.
  MAM MITE, Mastitis.
  MAMMITIS,  Mastitis.
  MAMMOSA, Mammeata.
  MAM'MULA; diminutive  of  Mamma, Ma-
milla.   A small breast.
   MAMOE, Mamei.
   MAN, Aner, Anthropos, Homo.
   MANAKIN. Fantom.
  MAN-IN-THE-GROUND,Convolvulus pandur-
atus — m. ofthe Earth,  Convolvulus panduratus.
  MANCENILLIER, Hippomane mancinella.
   MANCHE D'HIPPOCRATE, Chnnsse.
   MANCHINEEL, Hippomane mancinella.
   MANCURANA, Origanum.
   MANDIBULA. Maxillary bone.
   MANDIBULARS MUSCULUS, Masseter.
   MANDIOC, Jatropha manihot.
   MANDO. Glutton.
   MANDRAGORA,  Atropa mandragora—m.
 Acaulis,  Atropa mandragora—ra.  Officinalis,
 Atropa mandragora — m.  Vernalis, Atropa man-
 dragora.
   MANDRAGORITES,  from pavhpayopns,  the
 Alropa mandrag'ora  or mandrake.   Wine in
 which  the roots of mandrake have been infused. 
MANDRAKE
/
MANIODES
  MANDRAKE, Atropa mandragora, Podophyl-
lum peltatum, P. montanum.
  MANDRIN A  YI ltd CLE, see Brise-coque.
  MANDUCATIO,  Mastication— ra.  Difficilis,
Bradymiisesis.
  M A N' D U C A T 0 R Y, Manducato'rius ; from
jifaialuentio, ' mastication.' Appertaining or re-
lating to mastication ;—as,
  Manuucatory Nerve, see Trigemini.
  MAXEUYRE, Manoeuvre.
  MAX'GAXESE,  Manipinc'siitm, Manga'nium.
A metal, which is pretty abundant in nature in an
oxidized state.  It  is of  a grayish-white colour,
resembling some  varieties of cast iron,  is hard
and brittle, and destitute of magnetic properties.
Specific gravity about 8.
   Manganese, Hiack Oxide of, Mangane'sii
o.i'ifliiin sen  Binox'idum,  Tetrox.'ide  of manga-
nese,  Magne'sia nigra, Mangane'sinm vitrario'rum
sou oxydn'tnm  nuti'vnm  seu  nigrum seu ochril-
cemn  nigrum seu oxydu'tum nati'num, Mnilganuin
 oxipla'tum  nntivnin,   Moli/bda'niim  magne'sii,
 Oxo'des inailgnni nuti'va, Pcro.r'ydum mangane'-
 sii nit/runt national, Superox'ydnm mangan'icum,
 (F.)  O.ei/tlc noir de manganese.  This oxide is not
 much used in medicine.   It has been advised to
 dust  the affected parts, in  tinea capitis, with the
 powder.  It is officinal in the Edinburgh phar-
 macopoeia, and is used in preparing chlorine, solu-
 tion of chlorine, and solution of chlorinated soda.
   Manganese, Salts of, see Manganese, sul-
 phate of.     v
   MANGANESE  OXYDE NOIR  DE,  Man-
 ganese, black oxide of.
   Man'ganese, Sulphate of, Mangane'sii Sul-
 phas seu Protox'idi  Sulphas,  Sulphate  of  Pro-
 tax'id e  of Mtin'ganese.  A rose-coloured and very
 Boluble salt, isomorphous  with  sulphate  of mag-
 nesia.  It is prepared on a large scale for the use
 of the dyer, by heating, in a. close vessel, peroxide
 of manganese  and coal,  and  dissolving the im-
 pure protoxide, thus obtained,  in sulphuric acid,
 with the addition of  a  little  cholohydric  acid
 towards the end of the process.  The solution  is
 evaporated to dryness, and again exposed to a red
 heat, by which the persulphate of iron is decom-
 posed.  Water then dissolves the pure sulphate
 of manganese, leaving the oxide  of iron behind.
   This salt has been  recommended as a chola-
 gogue,  in doses of a drachm or two.
   The salts of manganese have been recommended
 in chlorosis and amenorrhcea, and as substitutes
 for chalybeates generally.  The subcarbonate and
 the oxide have been chiefly employed.
   Manganese. Tetroxioe of,  M. Black oxide of.
   MAXGAXESII  BINOXIDUM,  Manganese,
 black oxide  of — m.  Oxidum,  Manganese, black
 oxide of—m. Peroxydum nigrum nativum, Man-
 ganese, black oxide of—m.  Protoxidi  sulphas,
 Manganese, sulphate of—m. Sulphas, Manganese,
 sulphate of.
   MANGANESIUM, Manganese.
   Mancanesium Ochraceum  Nigrum,  Manga-
 nese, black oxide of—m. Oxydatum  nativum seu
 nigrum, Manganese, black oxide of—m. Vitra-
 riorum. Manganese, black oxide of.
   MANGANI  OXODES NATIVA, Manganese,
 black oxide of.
   MANGANICUM  SUPEROXIDUM,  Manga-
 nese, black oxide of.
   MANGAXIUM.  Manganese.
   M  A N G A N U M  OXYDATUxM NATIVUM,
 Manganese, black oxide of.
   MANGE. Scabies ferina.
   MANGIF'ERA IN'DICA. M. domes'tica, from
mango,  the fruit, and/<(<>, 'I bear.'  The Mango
tec,  (F.) Mangnicr.  Ord.  Terebinthaeese.  A
tree cultivated over Asia,  and in  South America.
Mangos, when ripe, are juicy, of a good flavour,
and so fragrant as to perfume the air to a con-
siderable distance.  They are eaten, either raw or
preserved with sugar.  From the expressed juice
a wine is prepared; and the remainder of the ker-
nel can be reduced to an excellent flour for bread.
  MANGO TREE, Mangifera Indiea.
  MANGONTSATIO, Falsification.
  MANGONIUM, Falsification.
  MANGOSTAN, Garcinia mangostana
  MANGOSTANA, Garcinia mangostana — m.
Cambogia. Garcinia cambogia—m. Garcinia, Gar-
cinia mangostana.
  MANGOUSTAN, Garcinia mangostana.
  MANGOSTEEN, Garcinia mangostana.
  MA SUUI Ell, Mangifera Indiea.
  MANHOOD, Adult age.
  MAN I, Araehis h3Tpoga?a.
  MA'NTA,  Furor, llemianthro'pia,  Furor seu
Euphro'nitt seu  Delir'ium mania,  Insa'nia, De-
b'r'iiim manlaeum  seu furio'sum, Mania tint'ver-
sa'lis, Vcsa'iiia mania, (F.) Mauie, Hyperphrenie,
Raring or furious madness, (Sc.) Wodnes;  from
pmvopai, ' I am furious.'  With some, it means iu-
stiuiii/.   Disorder of the intellect, in which there
is erroneous judgment  or hallucination, which
impels to acts of fury.  If the raving be not di-
rected to a single object, it is mania properly so
called; if to one object, it constitutes monomania,
which term is, however, usually given to melan-
choly.  Mania attacks adults chiefly;  and  wo-
men more frequently than men.  The prognosis
is unfavourable.  About one-third never recover ;
and they who do are apt to relapse.  Sejmratioii
is one of the most  effective  means  of treatment,
with  attention  to  the corporeal condition  and
every thing that can add to  the mental comfort
of tbe patient,  and turn his  thoughts away from
the subjects of his delusion.   In the violence of
the paroxysms, recourse must be had to the strait
waistcoat, the  shower  bath,   Ac.   Separation
should be continued  for some weeks during con-
valescence, with  the view of preventing a relapse.
   Mania, Dancing.   Dnucing  plague.  A  form
of convulsion,  which has appeared, at various
times, epidemically under the form of St. Vitus's
dance,  St.  John's  dance, Tarantism,  Hysteria,
 Tigretier (in Abyssinia), and diseased sympathy ;
and which has been fully described by Ilecker in
his ' Epidemics of the Middle Ages.'   See  Con-
 vulsionnnire.
   Mania Epileptica, see Epilepsy—m. Erotica,
 Erotomania — in. Lactea, M. puerperal — m. Me-
lancholica, Melancholy—m. a Pathemate, Empa-
 thema—m. a Potu, Delirium tremens.
   MANIA, Puer'peral, 21.  puerpera'rum actt'ta
 seu puerpera'lis seu lac'tea, Insa'nia puerpera'-
 rum,  Enccphalopathla  puerpera'lis,  Puer'pernl
 Insanity.  Mania which supervenes in the child-
bed state.
   Mania Puerperarum  Acuta, 51. puerperal—■
m. sine Delirio, Pathomania — m. a Temulentia,
 Delirium tremens—in. Pellagria, Pellagra.
   MANIACAL,  Maniodes.
   MANIACUS.  Maniodes.
   MANICA HIPPOCRATIS, Chausse.
   MANICOCOMIUM, Morotrophium.
   .MA.VIE, Mania—m. sans  De/ire, Empathema.
   MANIGUETTA. Amomum grana paradisi.
   MANIHOT UTILISSIMA, Jatropha manihot.
   MANIIBAR, Jatropha manihot.
   MANIKIN,  Fan torn.
   MANTLU'VIUM, Manulu'vium, from  manus,
'the hand.' and  hn-o, T wash.'   A bath for tbe
hands.    It  may  be rendered   stimulating,  by
means of muriatic acid, mustard, Ae.
   MANIOC, Jatropha manihot.
   MANIO'DES, Mani'acus, Maniacal.  One la-
bouring under mania; Hcmianthro'pus, Furio'sus,
Furibuildus, Lyssas, Lysse'ter: 
MANIPULATION           568               MARIGOLD
  MANIPULATION, from  manus,  'a hand.'
Mode of working, as in pharmacy.
  MANIP'ULUS,  (F.)  Poignee.   The quantity
of a substance capable  of filling  the hand.   A
handful.   See Fasciculus.
  MAN-MIDWIFE, Accoucheur.
  MANNA, see  Fraxinus  ornus — m. Brianjon,
see Pinus  larix.
  Manna  Buigantina, see Pinus larix—m. Cala-
brina, see Fraxinus ornus — m. Croup.  Semolina
— ra. Laricea, see  Pinus larix — m. Metalloruin,
Hydrargyri submurias.
  'MA.XNEQUIN. Fantom.
  MANNIKIN, Fantom.
  MANNIN. see Fraxinus ornus.
  MANNITE, see Fraxinus ornus.
  MAN(EUVItE(F.), pronounced and anglicized
Maneu'vre,- from main, 'the hand,' and cenvre,
'  work.'  A dexterous movement.   Applied  in
France to the practice of  surgical or obstetrical
operations on the  dead body or phantom;  Ope-
rtltio chiritr'f/ica seu nbstet'rica.
   MANSANA ARBOREA, see Jujube.
  MANSFORD'S  PLATES, see Galvanism.
  MANSORIUS. Buccinator.
  MANSTUPRATIO, Masturbation.
  MANTELE, Bandage (body).
   MANTI'A, Man'tica,  Mnn'tice, in  English,
vmncy ; a common suffix, from the Greek, deno-
ting ' divination;' Divina'tio, Pradivinatio, Pra-
st't/inm.
  MANTILE, Bandage (body).
  MANTLE, Panniculus carnosus.
   MANU'BRIUM, from manus, 'a hand.'   The
handle of any thing: — as  mnnilbrinm  mallei,
petiolus mallei, 'the handle of the malleus.'
  Manubrium, Chnsse—in. Manus, Radius.
   Manubrium Steh.ni.   The uppermost broad
part of the sternum.
   MANULUVIUM, Bath, hand, Maniluvium.
   MANUS, pam, 'I feel,' paopat, 'I take,' Chdr,
Chir, Instrumen'tiim Instrumento'rnm, Hand, Pair,
(F.) Main.  The part which terminates the upper
extremity in man,  and which is inservientto  pre-
hension and touch.  It extends from the fold  of
the  wrist to the extremity  of the fingers.   The
hand is sustained  by a bony skeleton, composed
of a number of pieces, movable on each other;
of muscles, tendons, cartilages, ligaments, ves-
sels, nerves, Ac  It is divided into three parts—
the carpus or wrist, the metacarpus, and  fingers.
Its concave surface is called the palm ,- the con-
vex surface the back ofi the hand.  The facility
of being  able to oppose the thumb to the fingers
in  order  to  seize  objects  forms one of the  dis-
tinctive characters of the human hand.
   Manus Christi  Pfula'ta.  A name anciently
given  to troches, prepared of pearls and sugar of
roses.  They were called Manns Christi sim'plices,
when pearls were not employed.
   Manus  Dei.  An ancient plaster, prepared of
wn.r, myrrh, frankincense, mctstich, gum ammo-
niac, galbanum, oil, Ac  See Opium.
   Manus  Hepatis, see Liver — in. Jecoris,  see
Liver—m. Parva maiori adjutrix, see Digitus.
   MANUSTUPRATIO. Masturbation.
   MANUSTUPRATOR, Masturbator.
   MANYPLIES, Omasum.
   MAPLE, Acer saecharinum—m. Ground, Heu-
chera cortusa—m. Red, Acer rubrum—m.  Striped,
Acer Pennsylvanio.um.
   MARArS, Marsh.
   MAR ANSIS, Atrophy.
   MARANTA,  Arrow-root—m. Arundinacea,
Arrow-root.
   Maran'ta Galan'ga, Alplnia galan'ga, Amo'-
mum  galanga,  Galanga.    Orel.  Zingiberaceae.
The smaller gahulgal.  Two  kinds of galangal
are mentioned in the pharmacopoeias; the greater,
obtained from  Kampferia galanga,  nnd  the
smaller, from the root of Maranta galanga.  The
dried root is brought  from  China, in pieces from
one to  two inches in length, but scarcely half as
thick;  branched; full of knots and joints,  with
several circular rings, of a reddish brown colour,
on  the outside, and  brownish within.  It was
formerly much  used  as a warm stomachic bitter,
and generally ordered in bitter infusions.
  MARASCHINO, see Spirit.
  MARASMOP'YBA, Febris marnsmo'des, from
papao-pos, ' marasmus,' and nvp, ' fever.'  Fever
of emaciation in general.  Hectic fever.
  MARASMUS, Atrophy — ni. Laetantium, P»-
datropbia—m. Phthisis, Phthisis pulmonalis.
  Marasmus  Seni'lis, Tubes  senum,  Gcrouta-
tropllia.  Progressive atrophy of the aged.
  Marasmus Tabes, Tabes—m. Tabes dorsalis,
Tabes dorsalis.
  MARATHRITES,  from papaSpov,  'fennel.'
Wine impregnated with fenneL
  MARATHR0P1IYLLUM, Peucedanum.
  MARATHRUM, Anethum—m. Sylvestre, Peu-
cedanum.
  MARAUGIA, Metamorphopsia.
  MABBLE, Marmor.
  MA11BRE, Marmor.
  MARC, Magma.
  MARCASITA, Bismuth —m. Alba, Bismuth,
subnitrate of—m. Plumbea, Antimonium.
  MARCASITA  MAGISTERIUM, Bismuth,
subnitrate of.
  MARCHANTIA  POLYMOR'PHA, M. stel-
la'ta seu itmbella'ta, Hepat'ica fionta'na. Lichen
stclla'tns, Jecora'rin, Liv'errrort, (F.) Hepntique
des fiontnines.  Ord.  Hepaticae.  This  plant is
mildly  pungent and  bitter.  It is recommended
as aperient, resolvent, and  antiscorbutic; and is
used in diseased liver, Ac
  MARCIIE (LA), Walking.
  MARCHIO'NIS PULVIS, Powder of the Mar.
quis.   A powder, formerly considered to be anti-
epileptic; and composed of Male peony mot, Mis'-
tletoe. Ivory shavings, Horn of the hoof of the stag,
Spodiiim, Tooth of the monodon, coral, Ac.
  iMARCORES, Atrophy, Emaciation.
  MARCORY, Stillingia.
  MARECAGEUX, Elodes.
  MAREMMAT1QUE, see Elodes.
  MAREO, Puna.
  MARE'S  FAT, Inula dysenterica —m. Tail,
Hippuris vulgaris.
  MARGA  CAN'DIDA, Lac Una.   An ancient
name for a variety of spongy, white, friable marl,
which  was employed as an  astringent and  refri-
gerant.
  MARGARETIZZA, Scherlievo.
  MARGARITA, Pearl.
  MARGARITA'CEOUS,  Margarita'certs, Na'-
ereoits, (F.)  Nacre; from margarita, 'pearl, mo-
ther of pearl.'  Resembling, or of the nature of,
mother of pearl,—as Leueo'ma Margarita'ceum;
Pearl-like leucoma.
  MARGARON, Pearl.
  MARGELTS, Pearl.
  MARGELLIUM, Pearl.
  MARGINI- SUS-SCAPULO-TROCHITE-
RIEN. Teres minor.
  MARGO, Bord—m. Dentatus, see Retina—m.
Orbitalis, see Orbit.
  MARGUERITE  PETITE,  Bellis— m.  det
Pres. grande. Chrysanthemum leucanthemum.
  MARIENBAD, MINERAL WATERS OF.
Celebrated springs in  Bohemia.  The Kreuzbrunn
contains sulphate of soda, carbonate of iron, and
carbonic acid.
  MARIGOLD, DIAMOND FTG, Mesembryan-
themtim erystnllinum — m. Garden, Calendula
officinalis—m.  Marsh, Caltha palustris—m. Sin- 
M VRIOTTE,  EXPERIMENT  OF,    569             MARSYPION
gle, Calendula officinalis—m. Wild,  Calendula
arvensis.
  MARIOTTE', EXPERIMENT OF, (F.) Ex-
perience de Mariotte.   A celebrated experiment
of the Abb6 Mariotte, which consists in placing
two small round spots on a wall at some distance
from each  other, standing  opposite the left-hand
object, and looking at it with  the right eye, the
left being  closed.,  By walking backwards, until
the distance from  tbe  object is about  five times
ns great as the distance between the two objects,
the latter will  be  found to  disappear.   Mariotte
and, after  him, many ophthalmologists, inferred
that the optic nerve, on which  the  ray doubtless
fulls in this experiment, is insensible ;  and hence
that the choroid may be the seat of vision, — not
the  retina.  The  inference  is illogical;  for  it
doubtless  falls on the part of the optic nerve
where the central  artery enters, and the  central
vein leaves the eyeball, and where there is neces-
sarily no neurine.
   MAULS, papts.  Ancient name of a measure,
containing 83 pints and 4 ounces.
   MA RISC A.  Ficus, Haemorrhois.
   MA1UOLAINE. Origanum  majorana.
   MARJORAM, COMMON, Origanum—m. Wild.
 Origanum—m. Sweet, Origanum majorana.
   MARJORANA, Origanum majorana—nr. Man-
curiina, Origanum.
   MARMALADE, Marmelade.
   MARMARYGE, see Metamorphopsia.
   MARMARYGO'DES, pappapvymens, 'brilliant.'
 An epithet, joined particularly  to the word oipSaX-
 ixos, to indicate a brilliant eye, a flashing eye.
 An eye which  transmits the  image of imaginary
 objects.  See Metamorphopsia.
   MAK'MELADE,  Mnrmeln'da,   Marmela'ta,
 Mnrmttlitde, Miva.   Parts  of vegetables, con-
 fected  with  sugar, and reduced to  a  pultaceous
 consistence.
   Marmelade of Apricots.  A marmelade,
 prepared with  two parts of ripe apricots deprived
 of their stones, and one part of white  sugar.
   Marmelade of Fernel, M. of  Tronchin.
   Marmelade of Tronchin,  or of Fernel.   A
 kind of thick  looch, of an agreeable  taste, pre-
 pared with two ounces of oil of sweet almonds,  as
 much syrup of violets, manna in tears, very fresh
 pulp of cassia, 16  grains of gum tragacanth, and
 two drachms of orange flower  water.   It is used
 as a laxative, demulcent, and pectoral.
   MARMELATA, Marmela.de.
   MARMOR,  pappopos, Marble, Calcis  Car'bonas
dttrus, (F.)  Murbre.   White granular  carbonate
of lime.  Used in pharmacy for the preparation
of a pure lime, and the disengagement of carbonic
 acid.
   MARMORATA  AURIUM,  Cerumen.
   MARMOROS, Marmor.
   MARMORYGE.see Metamorphopsia—m. Hip-
pocrntis. Hemiopia.
   MA ROUTE. Anthemis cotula.
   MARRIAGEABLE. Nubile.
   MAR'RIOTT, DRY VOMIT OF.   This once
celebrated emetic,  called dry, from  its  being ex-
hibited without drink, consisted of equal portions
of tartarized nntimnni/. and sulphate of copper.
   MARItONlER  D'INDE, iEsculus*  Hippocas-
tanum.
   MARROW,   My'elos,  Medulla,  M.  ossium,
Med'ullury Juice, Analgia de Mum'ia, Muniia de
Medullis, Sax. mePS, (F.) Moelle, Sue midullaire.
The oily, inflammable, whitish  or yellowish juice.
which tills the  medullary canal of tbe long bones,
the cancellated structure  at the extremities of
those bones, the diploe of flat bones, and  the in-
terior of short bones.  The  marrow is furnished
by tbe exhalation  of  tbe medullary membrane.
It is fluid during life, and appears under the form
of small points or brilliant grains after death.  It
is enveloped in the medullary membrane.
  Marrow, Spinal,  Medulla spinalis — m. Ver-
tebral, Medulla spinalis.
  MARRUBE BLANC, Marrubium — m. Noir,
Ballota fcetida.
  MARRU'BIUM,  31. vulga're seu  album  seu
German'icum seu apulum, Pra'sium,  Phrasum,
Horehound, (F.) Marrube  blanc.  Ord. Labiatae.
The leaves have a  moderately strong, aromatic
smell; and a very bitter, penetrating, diffusive,
and durable taste.  It has often been  given in
coughs and asthmas, united with sugar. Dose, ^ss
to t?j, in infusion; dose of extract, gr. x to ^ss.
  Ford's Balsam  of Horehound, is made as
follows : — horehound, liquorice root, aa Ibiij and
^viij; water, q.  s.  to strain Ibvj.   Infuse.  To
the strained liquor add:—proof spirit or brandy,
lt)12 ; camphor,  t^j and ,^ij ; opium and benjamin,
aa  t^j :  elried  squills, t^ij; oil of  aniseed,  ^j;
honey, Ibiij and J| viij.—Gray.   It is pectoral.
  Marrubium, Leonurus cardiaca—m. Album,
Marrubium — m. Apulum, Marrubium — m.  Ger-
manicum, Marrubium — m. Nigrum, Ballota fce-
tida—m. Vulgare, Marrubium.
  MARS, Ferrum—m. Solubilis, Ferrum tartari-
zatum.
  MARSEILLES,  (CLIMATE  OF.)  The re-
marks made upon the climate  of Montpelier ap-
ply even in greater force to that of Marseilles.
It possesses all the objectionable qualities of the
climate of southeastern France.
  MARSH, Limne,  IIclos,  Pains,  Sax. meprc,
(F.) Marais.  Marshy districts give off emana-
tions, which are the fruitful  source of  disease
and the cause of great insalubrity in many coun-
tries.  The chief disease,  occasioned by the mala-
ria  or miasm, is  intermittent fever.  Hence it be-
comes important to  drain such  regions, if  practi-
cable.  Some marshy countries are  not so liable
to  phthisis pulmonalis, and it has  been  found,
that where intermittents have been got rid of by
draining, consumption has, at times, become fre-
quent.   The most  unhealthy  periods  for  resi-
dence in a marshy district are  during the exist-
ence of the summer and autumnal  heats; at
which times the water becomes evaporated,  and
the marshy bottom is more or less exposed to the
sun's rays.  This postulatum seems necessary for
"the production of the miasmata:  for whilst the
marsh is. well covered with water, no miasm is
given off.
  Marsh Poison, Miasm (marsh) — m. Mallow,
Althaea — m. Root,  Statice Caroliniana — m. Tea,
Ledum palustre.
  MARSHALL'S CERATE,  see  Cerate, Mar-
shall's.
  MARSHY. Elodes.
  MARSTPIUM, Marsupion.
  MARSUM, Mar'sium,  Mar'sicitm.  An ancient
wine of Marsia, in Italy,  which was used as an
astringent in certain diseases of the mouth.
  MARSUPIAL, see Marsupion.
  MARSUPIALIS,  Ischio-trochanterianus,  Ob-
turator internus.
  MARSUPTATE,  see Marsupion.
  MARSU'PION, Marsupcion, Marsyp'ion, Mar-
sip'pon. Marsu'piiini, Marsip'ium, Sac'cuhts. (pup-
av-ittov, 'a small  sack, a purse.') A sack or  bag,
with which any  part is fomented.  Also, the ab-
dominal  pouch  in the kangaroo,  opossum, Ac,
into which the young, born nt a very early stage
of development, are  received and nourished  with
milk  secreted from  glands which  open into the
pouches.  Such  animals  are termed Marsrlpial,
Marsu'piate, Mnrsupia'lia.  See Generation.
  MARSUPIUM,  Scrotum — m.   Musculorum,
Dartos.
  MARSYPION, Marsupion. 
31A R TEA U
5
70                MASTITIS
  MA R TEA U, Malleus.
  MARTIAL, Chalybeate.
  MARTIALIS, Chalybeate.
  MARTIANA  POMA, see Citrus aurantium.
  MARTIATUM  UNGUENTUM,  (F.)  On-
gnent de  Soldat, Soldier's ointment.  This was
composed of 6a?/ berries, rue, marjoram, mint, sage,
v-ormivood, basil, olive oil, yellow wax, and Ma-
laga wine. It was invented by Martian ; and was
employed by soldiers  as a preservative  against
injuries from cold.
  MARTIS LIMATURA, Ferri limatura.
  MARUM  CORTUSI, Teucrium marum —m.
Creticum, Teucrium  marum—m. Syriacum, Teu-
crium marum — m. Verum,  Teucrium marum —
m. Vulgare, Thymus mastichina.
  MARUTA COTULA, Anthemis cotula.
  MAS, Male, Modiolus.
  MASCARPIO. Masturbator.
  MASCHALADENI'TIS, from  pacXaXr,, 'the
axilla,' and adenitis,  'inflammation of a gland.'
Inflammation of the glands of the axilla.
  MASCHALE. Axilla.
  MASCHALLEUS. Axillary.
  MASCHALIATRI'A, from patrxnXr,, 'the
axilla,'and larpua,  ' healing.'  Treatment of dis-
ease by applications made to the axilla.
  MASCHALIS, Axilla.
  MASCHALISTER, Axis.
  MASCHALON'CUS,  Masehalopa'nns,   from
paaxaXt),  'the axilla,' and oyKos, 'a tumour.'   A
tumour or bubo or swelling in the axilla.
  MASCHALOPANUS, Maschaloncus.
  MASCULA, Tribnde.
  MASCULUS, Male.
  MASESIS, Mastication.
  MA SHU A, (S.)   A tuberous root, of  a flat,
pyramidal shape, which is cultivated and cooked
like  the  potato by the  Serranos of Peru.  It is
watery and insipid,  but  nevertheless is much
eaten by them.   The Indians use the mashua as
a medicine in dropsy, dyspepsia, and dysentery.
The  plant is unknown to botanists.—Tschudi.
  MASK, Larva, (F.) Masque,  Lame. A band-
age  applied over the face, as a sort of mask, in
cases of burns, scalds, or erysipelas.  It serves to
preserve  the parts from the contact of air,  and to
retain topical applications ?'?? situ.  It is made of
a piece of linen, of the size of the face, in which
apertures are made  corresponding to the eyes,"
nose, and mouth, and which is fixed by means
of strings stitched to the four angles.
  MASKED, Larva'tus, (F.) Ltu-ve.  Disguised,
—as a "masked fever," or one which is not clearly
developed.  See Fever, masked.
  MASLAGH,  Moslich,  Am'phi on,  Arlfion.   A
medicine  much used  by tbe Turks, and'into the
composition of which opium  enters.  It  is ex-
citant.
  MASQUE, Mask.
  MASS, pat^a,  Maza, Massa,  from pacaw, ' I
mix.'  The compound, from which pills have to
be formed.
  MASSA, Mass — m. Carnea Jacobi Sylvii, see
Flexor longus digitorum pedis  profundus  perfo-
rans—in. de Dactylis, Paste,  date — m. de Ex-
tracto glycyrrhiza;,  Pasta glycyrrhizae, Ac—m.
de Gummi Arabieo, Paste, marshmallow — m. de
Zizyphorum fructu,  Paste of jujubes.
  MASSAGE, Shampooing.  '
  MASSE D'EAU, Typha latifolia.
  MASSEMA. Mastication.
  MASSEMENT, Shampooing.
  MASSE PA INS, Biscuits, medicinal.
  MASSES APOPHYSAIRES, see Vertebrae.
  MASSESIS. Mastication.
  MASSETER, from pao-aopat, 'T eat,' T chew.'
Mus'cuius  mandibrtla'ris, (F.)  Zygomatn-maxil-
laire.  A  muscle situate at the posterior part of
I the cheek, and lying upon the ramus ofthe lower
 jaw-bone.  It is long,  quadrilateral, and is at-
 tached, above, to  the  inferior edge and to tho
 inner surface of the  zygomatic arch; below,  it
 terminates at the angle of  the jaw, and nt the
 outer surface and inferior margin of the ramus
 of that bone.   It is composed of an intermixture
 of fleshy and aponeurotic fibres.  Its office  is to
 raise the lower jaw, and to act in mastication.
   Masseter Internus, Pterygoideus interims
   MASSETERIC, Mas'seterine,  Masseter'icus,
 Masseterlnus. (F.) Masselfrin, Masstttrique. Re-
 lating or belonging to the masseter muscle
   MASSETERINE, Masseteric
   Masseterine Artery arises from the trunk
 of the internal maxillary or  temporalis profunda
 posterior, and is distributed to the  masseter mus-
 cle, after having  bassed, horizontally, through
 the sigmoid  notch  ofthe lower jaw-bone.
   Masseterine Nerve is  given off  from the
 inferior maxillary branch of  the  fifth  pair.  It
 passes through the sigmoid  notch, and  is distri-
 buted on  the  inner surface of the masseter.  In
 luxation of  the lower jaw, this nerve is strongly
 stretched, and  considerable  pain,  consequently,
 produced.
   Masseterine Vein has the same distribution
 as the  artery.  It opens into the internal maxil-
 lary vein.
   MASSETERINUS, Masseteric.
   MASSETTE, Typha  latifolia.
   MASSICOT, Plumbi oxydum semivitreum.
   MASSING, Shampooing.
   MASSULA, Molecule.
   MASTADENITIS, Mastitis.
   MASTALGIA, Mastodynia.
   MASTAX, Mystax.
   MASTEMA, Masticatory.
   MASTER OF THE WOODS,  Galium  cireae-
 zans.
   MASTERWORT, Angelica  atropurpurea, He-
 racleum lanatum, Imperatoria.
   MASTESIS, Mastication.
   MASTHELCOSIS,  Mastodynia  apostematosa.
   MASTHOS, Mamma.
   MASTICATION, Mastica'tio, Mase'sis,  Mas-
 se'sis  Masse'ma,  Maste'sis,  Mandiictltio,  Corn-
 manduca'tio, Manduca'tion,  Chewing, Chawing,
 from iiao-Ti-^atir, 'I  gnash the  teeth.'  The action
 of bruising  food in the  mouth, to prepare it for
 tbe digestion it has to undergo in the stomach.
 This is executed by the joint  action of the tongue,
 cheeks,  and  lips, which push the alimentary sub-
 stance between the teeth; and by  the motions of
 the lower jaw it is  cut, torn,  or bruised.
   MASTICATORY7,  Masticato'rinin, Maste'ma,
 Diamaste'ma.  (F.) Masticatoire.  Same etymon.
 Chewing.  Relating or  appertaining to mastica-
 tion or chewing.   Also, a substance, chewed with
 the intention of exciting the  secretion of saliva.
   Masticatory Nerve, see  Trigemini.
   MASTICH, see Pistacia lentiscus — m. Herb,
 common, Thymus  mastichina—m. Herb, Syrian,
 Teucrium marum—m. Tree,  Pistacia lentiscus.
   MASTICHEL.&ON, see Pistacia lentiscus.
   MASTICHINA GALLORUM,  Thymus mas-
 tichina.
   MASTIGODES HOMINIS, Trichnoephalns.
   MASTIGO'SIS, Flagella'tio. Flagellation,
 scourging; employed by the ancients as a remedy
 in many diseases.
   MASTITIS, Mastoi'fis, Mastoiditis, Mamml-
 tis, Mazo'i'tis, Infiamma'tio Mamma, Mastadenl-
 tis, (F.) Inflammation des  Mamelles, Mammile,
 from paaros, 'the  breast,' and itis. denoting in-
 flammation.    Inflammation  of the breast.   In-
 flammation  of the mammary gland of the preg-
 nant or parturient female is  vulgarly called  a
 weid or weed, and  a weed in  the breast. 
MASTIX
571
MATERIA
  Mistitis Apostematosa,  Mastodynia aposte-
matosa.                              _    ■
  Mastitis Puerpera'lis.  Inflammation of the
mamma in the childbed woman.
  MASTIX, see Pistacia lentiscus.
  M A S T O-C A R CIN 0' M A, from paaros, ' the
breast,' and carcinoma.   Carcinoma or cancer of
the breast.
  MASTO-CIIONDRO'SIS,  from  paaros, 'the
breast,' and x<>v$pos,' a cartilage.'  A cartilaginous
formation in the breast.
  MASTODES, Mastoid.
  MASTODYNTA,  Mastnlgia, Mazodyn'ia,
from paaros, 'the breast,' and ohvvn, 'pain.' , Pain
in the breasts; a form  of neuralgia.   See Neu-
ralgia mammae.
  Mastodyn'ia  Apostemato'sa,   Phleg'mone
Mamma, Musthelco'sis,   Mastitis apostemato'sa,
 Giilnctaposte'ina,  Galactomastoparecto'ma,  Ab-
sces'siis Mamma seu Im-'teus, Phleg'mone Mnsto-
di/n'ia, Abscess of the  Breast, Mam'mary Abscess,
Milk-abscess.  Phlegmonous inflammation of the
breasts, running on to suppuration, generally in
the childbed  female.  It is one of the best ex-
amples of acute phlegmonous  inflammation, and
requires the active use of appropriate treatment.
   Mastodynia Polygala, Sparganosis—m. Po-
lygala,  Mastospargosis.
   .MASTOID, Mastoldes, Masto'tles, Mastoideus,
 Mitiiimilla'ris, Papil/i seu maminilU-formis,Mam-
 miform'is,  Manlmifiorm,  (F.)  Masto'idien, from
 paaros, 'a breast,' and ei&os, 'form, resemblance.'
 Having the form of a nipple.  Also, that which
 relates to the mastoid process, Mastoideus.
   Mastoid Aperture:—the opening of commu-
 nication between the  cavity of  the  tympanum
 and the mastoid cells.
   Mastoid Cancer.  A  kind of firm carcinoma-
 tous  growth, the section of which is thought to
 resemble the  boiled udder of the- cow.
   Mastoid Cells, Cellules Mastoidea,  Antrum
 mristo'idetim, Mastoid Sinuses.   These are situate
 in the mastoid process; communicate with each
 other, and open into the cavity of the tympanum.
 Their use seems to be to increase  the intensity
 of sound.
   Mastoid Foramen is situate behind the mas-
toid process,  and gives  passage to a small artery
 of  the  dura -mater, as  well as to a vein which
 opens into  the lateral sinus.
   Mastoid Fossa, (F.) Gouttiire masto'idienne,
is a depression at the inner surface of the mastoid
portion of  the  temporal bone, which forms part
of the lateral sinus.
   Mastoid or Digas'tric Groove, (F.) Rainttre
mastoidienne  ou dignstrique, is a groove,  situate
 nt the inner  side  of the mastoid process, which
 affords  attachment to the  posterior belly of the
digastric muscle.
  Mastoid Muscle, Posterior, Splenius.
  Mastoid  or  Mam'miform  or  Mam'millary
Process,  Proces'sus   mastoideus,   Apoph'ysis
moimnilla'ris, Pars mastoidea, is situate at the in-
ferior and  posterior part of the  temporal bone,
and gives attachment to the digastric and mastoid
muscles.
  MASTOIDEUS, Sterno-cleido-mastoideus—m.
Lateralis, Complexus minor.
  MASTOIDITIS, Mastitis.
  MASTOIDO-CONCHINIEN, Retrahens au-
ris—-hi. Ghiien, Digastricus — m. Hyogenien, Di-
gastricus— »».  Oriculaire, Retrahens  auris.
  M ASTOME'NTA, from paaros, ' the breast,' and
pijr, 'a month.'  Vicarious menstruation from the
mamma.
  MASTON'CUS,   Thelon'cus,  from paaros, 'the
breast,' and  <>; k<>s, 'a tumour.'  A  tumefaction
of the nipple, or of the breast itself.   When the
tumour is of an adipous  character it is  termed
Mastopion'ciis or Mastopimelon'cus.
  Mastoncus Polygalacticus, Mastospargosis.
  MASTOPAREC'TAMA,   from  paaros,  'the
breast,' and  trapeKrapa,  'excessive  distension.'
Immoderate distension of the mammae.
  MASTOPATHI'A, from  paaros, 'the  breast,'
and zados, ' disease.'  An  affection ofthe breast.
  MASTOPIMELONCUS,  see Mastoncus.
  MASTOPIONCUS,  see Mastoncus.
  MASTORRHAG"IA, from paaros, ' the breast,'
and pnyvvut, 'to flow.'   An  unusual flow of milk.
  MASTOS, Mamma.
  MASTOSCIR'RHUS, from paaros, ' the breast,'
and oKtppos, 'a hard tumour.'  Scirrhus,  or hard
cancer of the breast.
  MASTOSPARGO'SIS, Mastodyn'ia polyg'ala,
Mastorlcus  polygalac'ticus,  from  paaros,  'the
breast,' and  arrapyatn,  'I  am full to  bursting.'
Fulness of the breasts with  milk, so that they are
ready to burst.
  MASTOSYRlSX.Fis'tulamamma, from paaros,
'the  breast,' and avpiv^, 'a pipe.'  Fistula of the
mamma.
  MASTURBATION, Cina'dia, Gnr'gnle, Gar'-
galus, Gargalis'miis, Maslupra'tio,  Mnnustiipra'-
tio, Manslupra'tio, from Manus, 'the hand,' and
stupro, 'I  ravish;'  Ona'nia, Oilanism,  uEihro-
gargaris''mils, jEdaeogar' gains, Annpltts' mus.Gau' -
dia fioeda,  Dnct'io prapn'tii, Voluntary Pollil-
tion,  Self Pollution, Self-abuse, (F.) Abus de soi-
meme, Attonchement.  Excitement of the genital
organs bv  the hand.
  MASTURBATOR,  Mastupra'tor,  Manustu-
pra'tor, Mascnr'pio: same etymon.   One given
to masturbation.
  MASTUS,  Mamma.
  MAT, (F.) Dull.
  MAT SON.  A dull or flat sound.  The obscure
noise, (F.) Matile, afforded in cert.iin diseases when
any part, as the chest, is percussed.   It has been
compared  to  that produced  when the thigh  is
struck.' It is opposed  to the Sou clair, or ' clear
sound.'
  MATE,  see Ilex Paraguensis.
  MATECO,  Matico.
  MATELLA, Urinal.
  MATER, Uterus — m. Dura, Dura mater— ra.
Ilerbaruiu, Artemisia vulgaris — m. Metallorum,
Hydrargyrum — m. Mollis,  Pia mater—m. Perla-
rum,  see Pearl — m. Pia, Pia mater — m. Secalis,
Ergot—m. Tenuis, Pia mater.
  MATERIA. Matter—m.  Fibrosa, Fibrin.
  Mate'riA Med'ica, Pharmacolog"ia, Pharma-
col mp/, Acology or Akol'ogy or Aceolog"in. Hyle
lat'rice, Iamatolog"ia, Iamatology, (F.)  Mrttiere
Medicnle.   The division of medical science which
treats of the knowledge of medicines ; their action
on the  animal economy, and mode of administra-
tion.   The  study ofthe Materia Medica is one of
great importance ;—it is a study of the tools with
which  the practitioner has to work  in tbe cure
of disease.   Much labour has been spent in con-
triving classifications  of  the Materia Medica.
Some have arranged  the  articles according to
their  natural  resemblances: others according to
their  real or presumed virtues : others,  according
to their active constituent principles.  The Phar-
macopoeias place  them alphabetically.   Perhaps
the best classification would be one  founded on
the agency exerted by the articles on the different
tissues  ; but this arrangement, in the present state
of science, is  by no  means  easy;  and,  moreover,
ideas in regard to the action of medicines are
so associated  with certain terms, — as  narcotics,
tonics,  sedatives, Ac, employed to denote certain
operations, which they are  esteemed capable of
producing, that, to  abandon them,  would be to
throw obstacles in the way  of the student, with- 
MATERIALISTA
572
MATRICULATE
out tbe ultimate  advantage accruing to him  of
possessing a better knowledge of the modus ope-
randi  of medicines  than when a classification,
somewhat resembling those usually embraced, is
adopted.
  The following  is the classification adopted by
the Author, in his " General Therapeutics and
Materia Medica, 6th edit., Pbilad., 1857 :—
  1. Agents that affect pro- ( Emetics,
minently the alimentary ca- I  Cathartics,
nal or its contents,          ( Anthelininthics.
  2. Agents that affect pro- (
minently the respiratory or- ■<  Expectorants.
gans,                      {.
                           f Errhines,
  3. Agents that affect pro- [  Sialogogues,
minently the  follicular  or -]  Diuretics,
glandular organs,

  4. Agents that affect pro-
minently  the  nervous  sys-
tem,
  5. Agents that affect pro-
minently  the  organs of re-
production,
  6.  Agents that affect va-
rious organs,
 Antilithics,
 Diaphoretics.
 Narcotics,
 Tetanies,
 Antispasmodics,

 Emmenagogues,
 Parturifacients,

' Excitants,
 Tonics,
 Astringents,
 Sedatives,
 Refrigerants,
 Revellents,
 Eutrophies.
" Antacids,
 Antalkalies,
 Disinfectants.
f Demulcents,
[ Diluents.
  7. Agents whose action is
prominently chemical,
  8. Agents whose action is
prominently mechanical,
  Of old, the Materia Medica consisted of more
articles than at present.  The tendency, indeed,
is, and must be,  to diminish it  still further; to
get rid of those articles which possess no advan-
tages over others equally common, or whose pro-
perties are doubtful.   In a dictionary, it becomes
necessary to  insert  all that have been reputed to
possess virtues;  but  tbe majority  are  unneces-
sary.  The catalogue might be  largely reduced
with impunity.
  Materia  Medica,  Dynamical, Pharmacody-
namics.
  Materia   Morbo'sa,  M.  Peccans,  Mate'ries
Morbi,   Morbid matter.  The matter or material
which is the  cause of disease.
  Materia   Ossea,  Terra Ossea — m.  Peccans,
M.  Morbosa—m. Sialina, see Saliva—m. Scyto-
dephica,  Tannin — m.  Testacea  dentium,  see
Tooth—ra. Urinosa, Urea.
  MATERIALISTA, Druggist.
  MATERIAUX IMMEDIATS, Principles,im-
mediate.
  MATERIES, Matter—m. Morbi, Materia mor-
bosa.
  MATHEWS PILLS, Pilulse ex  helleboro et
mvrrha.
  MATHIEU'S VERMIFUGE, see Vermifuge.
  MATIAS.  The bark of a  South American
tree not yet determined.  It is used in its native
country in intermittents, and as  a tonic generally.
Its principal characteristic constituent is a bitter
resinous matter.  It is probably the same as the
JIalambo bark.
  MATI'CO, (pronounced matee'eo,) MatecS, Ma-
tico,  Yerba del Soldado,  Soldier's  weed or herb.
A South American herb—Piper  angustrfolium seu
longa'tum, Stephens' ia  elonga'ta, Artan'the elon-
ga'ta, Ord.  Piperaceae — which is possessed of
astringent virtues, and  is used both  internally
and externally.  It is given in  infusion made of
one ounce of the  leaves to a pint of boiling water,
of which the doso is f ^iss, or in tincture, made
of Jiiss of the leaves to a pint of dilute alcohol.
  MAT1ERE,  Matter—m. Cast-use, Casein—m,
Cerfbrifiorme,  Encephaloid — m.  Extractive du
Bouillon,  Osmazome—m.  Fibreuse  tin  Sang,
Fibrin — m. Medicale, Materia Medica—m. de la
Melanose, see Choroidea tunica—-m. Noire des
Poumons, Anthracosis—m. PcrUe de Kerkring,
Antimonium diaphoreticum—m.Piilmonaire noire,
see Pulmo. ,
  MATITE, see Mat son.
  MATLOCK, MINERAL WrATERS OF.  Mat-
lock is a village in Derbyshire, England, nt which
there is a mineral  spring of the acidulous  class.
Temperature 66°.   It differs but  little, except in
temperature, from  good spring-water.   It is ge-
nerally used as a tepid bath.
  MATONTA CARDAMOMUM, Amomum car-
damornum.
  MATORIUM, Ammoniac, gum.
  MATRACIUM.  Matrass, Urinal.
  MATRASS,  Mntra'dum.  A glass vessel with
a long  neck ; and a round, and sometimes oval,
body.   It may be furnished  with  tubulures, or
not.  It is used in Pharmacy for distillation, di-
gestion, Ac.
  MATRES CEREBRI, Meninges.
  MA Til ICA IRE, Matricaria.
  MATRICA'LIS,  Mutrica'rius,  from  matrix,
matricis, 'the uterus.'  Relating  to the  uterus.
  Matricalia  are  remedies for diseases  of tbe
uterus.
  MATRICA'RIA,  from matrix, matricis,  'the
womb;' so called from  its  reputed virtues in
affections of that  organ.   M. Partite'iiium, Par-
tite'nium fiebrif'ngum, Py'rethrum  seu Chrysantll-
emnm  pnrthe'nium,  Argyrocha'ta,  Chrysoc'alis,
Fever few, Feather-few, Mother-wort,  Con thwart,
(Sc) Fever-foitillie,  (F.) Matricaire.   Nat. Ord.
Compositae.  Thy  flowers resemble, in their pro-
perties, chamomile and  tansy; and, like  them,
have been esteemed tonic, stomachic, resolvent,
emmenagogue, vermifuge,  Ac.  They are  not
much used.
  Matricaria, see Matricaria chamomilla.
  Matrica'ria Ciiamomil'la, M.  Suav'colens,
An'themis vulga'ris,  Chamame'lum Vnlga're, Cha-
momilla nostras,  Lcncarlthemum of Dioscorides,
 Wild  Corn,  Dog's Cham'omile, Ger.man Chamo-
mile, (F.) Camomille vulgaire.  The flowers, Ma-
trica'ria  (Ph.  U. S.),  resemble Matricaria in
properties.
   Matrica'ria Glabra'ta.   A South African
plant, known  at  the Cape as Wilt/,  Chamomile,
has the same properties as the  other species of
matricaria.
   Matricaria Leucanthemum, Chrysanthemum
Leucanthemum—m. Suaveolens,  M. Chamomilla.
   MATRICE, Uterus—m. Col de la, Collum uteri
—???. de I'Oiit/le, see Nail.
   MATRICULATE, from matricula, diminutive
of  matrix, matricis,  'a roll,' originally 'an army
roll or  register.'  One who is admitted into a uni-
versity  or  college,  by enrolling or  having his
name enrolled on  the register of the institution.
In France, prendre inscription means  'to  matri-
 culate;' and, in the  university regulations of that
country, it is required, that the inscription shall
be made every three months, until the termina-
 tion  of the prescribed period  of study; tbe stu-
 dent having to take his  inscription within the
first fortnight of each trimestre or of every three
 months, and to present himself within the last
 fortnight of the trimestre to establish the fact of
 his attendance.
   In this  country, it is only necessary to matri-
 culate  at the commencement of each session.
   One who has thus enrolled  himself in an insti-
 tution  is called a Matriculate. 
MATRISYLVA             573  MA XILL O-ALVE OL I-NASAL
  M VTRTSYLVA, Asperula odorata.
  MATRIX,  Cytoblastema, Uterus—m. Unguis,
see Nail.
  MATRONA, Midwife.
  M VTRONALIS. Viola.
  MAT'I'EE, see Ilex Paraguensis.
  MATTER, Mate'ria, Hyle, Mate'ries, (F.) Ma-
lUre.   Any substance which enters into the com-
position of a  body.   In Medicine, it is sometimes
applied to the substance of evacuations; and is
also used synonymously with pus.
  MATTING OF PARTS, Hapantismus.
  MATULA, Urinal.
  MATURATION,  Matura'tio, from  maturare,
maturiltiiin,  'to ripen.'   Pepas'mos,  Pcpan'sis.
Progression of an abscess towards maturity. The
state  of maturity.   Coction.
  MA TUIlA TIF, Maturative.
   MAT'URATIYE, Malu'rans, Pepanticos, (F.)
 Mntnratif.   Same etymon.  A  medicine  which
 favours the  maturation  of an  inflammatory tu-
 mour.
   MATURATUS, Concocted.
   MATU'RITY, Miitii'ritas,  Hora'otes.  Same
 etymon.  Tbe  state  of  fruits  and  seeds, when
 comparatively developed.   State of an  abscess,
 in which the pus is completely formed.
   Maturity, Precocious, Precocity.
   MAUDLIN, Achillea ageratum—m. Tansey,
 Achillea ageratum — m. Wort, Chrysanthemum
 leucanthemum.
   MAULES, Rubeola.
   MAUVE  SAUVAGE, Malva.
   MAUN DE NERFS, Hysteria.
   MAW, Stomach—ra. Bound, Constipated—m.
 Worm, Ascaris.
   MAXILLA, Maxillary Bone.
   MAXTLLARY, Maxiila'ris, (F.) Maxillaire,
 from maxilla, 'a jaw.'   Relating or belonging to
 the jaws; from  paaaaur, 'I chew.'
   Maxillary Arteries  are  three in  number.
 1.  External maxillary.   See Facial.   2. Internal
 maxillary — A. Gutturo-maxilhiire  (Ch.).  This
 arises from  the external carotid with  the tempo-
 ral.  It is  remarkable for its  complex course,
 and  for the  number of  branches which  it trans-
 mits to the deep-seated parts of the face.   Imme-
 diately after its origin,  it buries itself under  the
 neck of  the lower  jaw,  curving  inwards and
 downwards.  It then advances  directly  inwards ;
 proceeding in the space between the  two ptery-
 goid  muscles towards  the maxillary tuberosity.
 It turns again, becomes vertical, and ascends into
 tho bottom  of the zygomatic fossa,  until,  having
 arrived at  the floor of the orbit, it takes  a hori-
 zontal and transverse direction ; enters the sphe-
 no-maxillary fossa, and   divides  into  several
 branches.  See Artery, (table.)
   M vxillary Bone, Maxilla, Mnndib'ula,Ganl-
  phele, Gnathus, Mo/a,  Simpm,  Jawbone, (Prov.)
  Chnffbone,  Chall, Cltaitlc,  Chard, Chawbone, Gill,
 (P.) Mdchoirc.  A  name   given  to two  bones,
 which support the teeth, and, by means of them,
 are inservient to the cutting, bruising, and tear-
 ing of alimentary substances.
   Maxillary Bone, Infe'rior, Lower jaw-bone,
  Os Maxilla're inferius,  Maxilla inferior, Hypo-
 slttgoii, (F.) Os maxillaire (Ch.), Mdchtrire dia-
 craniennc,  is a  symmetrical,  nearly  parabolic
 bone, the middle  portion of which is  horizontal,
 and  called the body ; and the posterior is vertical,
 the  angular portions  being  termed Rami  or
 branches.   These have behind a parotidean edge,
 which forms—by uniting with the base—the angle
 of the jaw.  The  branches terminate above  by
 two  processes, separated by the sigmoid notch or
 fossa; tbe  anterior of which  is called  the coro-
 laid.-  the   posterior, the  condyloid  process  or
 niaxii1try condyle, supported by a Cervix, Collum,
or N'eck.  The chief parts observed on the lower
jaw are — 1. Externally,—the Synlphysis menti,
Apoph'ysis menti, Mental foramen, and the exter-
nal oblique line.   2.  Internally, — the Genian
apoph'ysis, the internal or Mi/loid oblique lines,
and the entrance ofthe dental canal.  The  lower
jaw  has,  also, an  alveolar edge,  which contains
alveoli for the reception of the teeth.   The lower
jaw-bone is developed by two points of ossifica-
tion, which  unite at the symphysis  of the chin.
It is articulated with the temporal bone and with
the teeth.
   Maxillary Bone, Supe'rior,  Upper jaw-bone,
Maxilla  superior seu syncra'nia, Os  maxilla're
supe'rius, (E.) Os  sus-maxillaire  (Ch.), Mochoire
syncranienne.  The upper jaw-bones  are  to the
face what the sphenoid bone is  to the cranium.
They are articulated with all the portions com-
posing it.  Tbey  determine, almost  alone,  the
shape of the face, and give it solidity.  Their size
is considerable ; form unequal.   They  occupy the
middle and anterior part of the  face; and enter
into  the  composition  of  the nasal  fossae, orbit,
and mouth.  The  chief parts  observable  in the
upper jaw are — 1.  Externally, — the Nasal pro-
cess,  Processus nasa'lis seu fronta'lis  seu aseeil-
elens,  (F.)  Apophyse  montante,  the superior or
or'bital, surface, Supeific"ies orbitrt'lis, Planum
 orbita'le, which forms almost the entire floor of
 the  orbit, the Fora'men infra-orbita'rium, Zygo-
 rnnlic process,  Canine or  Myr'tiform fossa.  2.
 Internally,—the Palatine process, Ante'rior pala-
 tine canal, and the Antrum of Highmore.  Its cir-
 cumference is very unequal, and it has behind  a
 round, unequal prominence, called the Maxillary
 tuberosity, which is pierced by the posterior  den-
 tal canal.  Anteriorly, there is a notch, which
 forms part of the anterior  aperture of the nasal
 fossae, and beneath, an eminence, called the or?tre-
 rior nasal spine.  The lower part of this circum-
 ference forms the alveolar margin.  Each supe-
 rior  maxillary bone is articulated with the eth-
 moid, frontal, nasal, lachrymal,  palatine, inferior
 spongy, vomer, its fellow, the teeth of the upper
 jaw,  and sometimes  the sphenoid bone.  It  is
 developed by four or five points  of ossification.
   Maxillary  Nerves are two in number, and
 formed of the second and  third branches of the
 fifth  pair.   The Superior  Maxillary  Nerve,
 Nerf sus-maxillaire (Ch.), arises from the middle
 of the gangliform enlargement  of the fifth pair;
 passes forwards,  and  i.-sues from  the cranium
 through  the  foramen rotundum of the sphenoid
 bone; enters the spheno-raaxillary fossa, which
 it crosses  horizontally: passes  into  the infra-
 orbitar canal, which it traverses; and makes its
 exit to vanish on the cheek.  It gives off the fol-
 lowing branches, — the  orbitar, a branch which
 goes  to  the spheno-palatine ganglion; posterior
 dental branches; the anterior dental, — and ter-
 minates  in the infra-orbitar  nerves, which are
 divided into superior, inferior, and internal.  The
 inferior  maxillary nerve, Nerf maxillaire (Ch.),
 is the largest of the three branches furnished by
 the fifth pair.  It issues  from the cranium by the
 foramen ovale of the sphenoid.   Having reached
 the  zygomatic  fossa, it divides  into two trunks;
 the  one  superior and external,  which  gives off
 the temporules  profundi, masseterine,  buccal, and
  pterygoids;—the  other—inferior and internal—
 the larger of the two, which furnishes the inferior
 dental, lingual, and auricular.
   Maxillary  Veins present  the same arrange-
 ment as  the arteries they accompany.
   MANILLO-ALVEOLI-NASAL. Depressor
I also  nasi — hi. Labial, Depressor anguli oris—m.
i Narinal, Compressor naris—m. Palpebral,  Orbi-
I cularis palpebrarum — m.  Scleroticien, Obliquua
II inferior oculi. 
MAY APPLE              574                 MEDIAN
    MAY APPLE, Podophyllum  peltatum— m. a.
  Mountain, Podophyllum montanum—m. Flower,
  Anthemis cotula—m. Weed, Anthemis cotula.
    MAYELLA, Curcuma longa.
    MAYNARD'S ADHESIVE  LIQUID, Collo-
  dion.
    MAYS, Zea mays — m. Americana, Zea mays
  —m. Zea, Zea mays.
    MAYWORM, TRUE,  Meloe majalis.
    MAYZ, Zea mays.
    MAZA, Mass, Placenta.
    MAZALYSIS, Mazolysis.
    MA'ZICUS, from maza, 'placenta.'  Relating
  to the placenta.
    MAZISCH'ESIS, from maza,  'the placenta,'
  and a^eats,  'holding,' 'retention.'  Retention of
  the placenta.
    MAZODYNIA, Mastodynia.
    MAZOITIS, Mastitis.
    MAZOL'YSIS, Mazolysis, from  maza, 'pla-
  centa,'  and Xvais, 'solution.'  Separation of the
  placenta.
    MAZOPATHI'A, from maza, 'placenta,' and
  nados, 'disease.' A  disease of the placenta.  One
  originating  from the placenta.
    MAZOS,  Mamma.
    MEAD, Hydromeli, Melizomum.
    MEADOW  BLOOM,  Ranunculus  acris — m.
  Fern, Comptonia asplenifolia—m. Pride, see Ca-
  lumba—m.  Rue, Thalictron—m.  Saffron, Vinegar
  of, Acetum colchici—m. Sweet, Gillenia trifoliata,
  Spiraea  ulmaria — m. Sweet,  American, Spiraea
  lobata—m. Sweet, red, Spiraea tomentosa.
    MEALY  TREE,  Viburnum dentatum.
                           MEASLES,  Rubeo-
                         la—m. Black, see  Ru-
                         beola—ra. False, Rose-
                         olas—m. French, Rose-
                         olae.
                           MEASLINGS,  Ru-
                         beola.
                           MEASLY,  Morbil-
                         lous.
                           MEASURE,  GRA-
                         DUATED.    A glass
                         measure, used in phar-
                         macy,  which is so di-
                         vided as to indicate ac-
                         curately the quantities
                         in   dispensing   liquid
                         medicines.
                           MEASUREMENT,
                         Mensuration.
   MEASURES, see Weights and Measures.
   MEASURING, MEDICAL, Mensuration.
   MEAT BISCUIT, see Biscuit, meat.
   MEAT, EXTRACTIVE  OF, Osmazome.
   MEAT, Meatus.
   MEATUS, Ductus,  Cana'lis, Porits, (F.) Meat,
 from meo, meatttm, 'to  go.'  A passage or canal.
   Meatus Auditorius Externus, Auditory ca-
 nal, external — m. Auditorius internus, Auditory
 canal, internal—m. Caecus, Eustachian  tube—m.
 Cuticulares,  Pori cutanei — m. Cysticus, Cystic
 duct—in. Narium, see Nasal fossae—m. Seminales
 uteri, Tubae  Fallopianae—m. Seminarius,  Corpus
 Highinori—m.  Urinarius,  Urethra.
   MECHAMECK, Convolvulus panduratus—m.
 Bindweed, Convolvulus panduratus.
   MECHANE, Machine.
   MECHANEMA, Machine.
   MECHANTCAL,  Mecharlicus,  from  pnxavr,,
 'a machine.'  An epithet given to irritating bo-
dies, which do not act chymically—as a mechani-
cal irritant.
Four-ounce Glass Measure.
    Mechanical or Iatro-matiiematical Physi-
  cians, la'tro-mechan'ici seu la'troinatheiiiot'ici
  are such as refer every function, healthy or mor-
  bid, to mechanical or mathematical principles;__
  Medic i'na m ech a il ica.
    MECHANTCS, AN'IMAL.  That part of phy-
  siology whose objects are to investigate  the laws
  of equilibrium and motion of the animal body.
    MECH'ANISM, Mechanism'us.  Tho structure
  of a  body; the  collection or  aggregate of tho
  parts of  a machine;  the mode in which forces
  produce any effect, Ac.
    MECHE, Tent.  This term  is usually applied
  in French  surgery to a collection  of threads of
  charpie, cotton or raw silk, united together, which
  are used  for deterging sinuous or fistulous ulcers ;
  or to keep open  or  enlarge natural  or  artificial
  apertures.  They are generally  applied by menus
  of an instrument  called Porte-meche.
    MECHOACANA  NIGRA, Convolvulus jalapa
  —m.  Nigricans, Convolvulus jalapa.
   MECHOACANvE  RADIX, Convolvulus me-
  choacan.
   MECHOACAN DU  CANADA,  Phytolacca
  decandra.
   MECOM'ETER, (F.)  Mecomltre;  from pnKos,
  'length,'and iierpov,  'measure.' A kind of gra-
  duated compass,—compos de proportion,—used at
  the Hospice de Maternite of Paris,  to  measure
  the length of new-born infants.
   MECON, Meconium, Opium,  Papaver.
   MECONICUM, Opiate.
   MECONIS'MUS,  Intoxica'tio opia'ca; from
 pnKiov, 'the poppy.'  Poisoning by opium.
   MECO'NIUM,  same etymon.   Poppy juice,
 Papaver'eiihirn,  Purgamerlta  Infantis,   Meemi.
 The  excrement  passed by  the infant  a short
 time after birth, which  had accumulated in  the
 intestines during pregnancy.  It is of a greenish
 or deep black colour, and very viscid. It seems
 formed of the mucous secretions of the intestines
 mixed with bile.
   MECONOLOG'TA, Opiolaf'ia; from pntuv,
 'a poppy,' and Xoyos, 'a description.'   A treatise
 on opium.
   MECONOPSIS DIPHYLLA, Stylophorum di-
 phyllum.
   MEDCTNARE, Doctor.
   MEDEA, Genital organs.
   ME~DECIN, Physician—'??i.  Consultant, Con-
 sulting physician—m. de Fons, see Psychiatria.
   MEDECINE, Medicina — m.  Expectunte, Ex-
 pectation—m. Legale, Medicine, legal—in. Mi/i-
 taire, Military medicine—m. Operatoire, Surgery,
 operative — m. Perturbatrice, Perturbatrix (Me-
 dicina.)
   MEDELA, Curation.
   MEDE'NI.  A  terra used by Paracelsus  for
 cutaneous ulcerations like those  of boils.
   MEDEOLA VERTICILLIFOLIA, M. Virgi-
 nica.
   Mede'ot.A Virgin'ica, M. verticilh'fo'lia, Gy-
 ro'mia  Virgin'ica, Indian  cu'eumber.    Order,
 Smilaceae.   An indigenous herb,  growing in every
 part of the United State's, the root  of which  re-
 sembles a small cucumber.  It has been thought
 to be diuretic.
   MEDIAN, Media'nns: from medium, 'the mid-
 dle'   That which  is situate in the middle.
   Median Line.  A  vertical line, supposed to
 divide a body longitudinally into two equal parts;
the one right, the other left.  Chaussier calls the
linea alba the ligne midiane of the abdomen.
   Median  Nerve, Median  digital, (Ch.)  This
nerve arises chiefly from the anterior branches of 
MEDIANUM
575
MEDICINAL
the last two cervical nerves and first dorsal.  The
fifth and sixth cervical pairs also send it a branch,
which  separates  from  the  musculo-cutaneous
nerve.  The  median  nerve descends the inner
part  of the arm along  the biceps muscle.  Op-
posite  the  elbow  joint  it buries itself  behind
the aponeurosis  of that  muscle, and  engages  it-
self  between the  two  fasciculi  of  the pronator
teres.  Lower down, it  is situate  between  the
flexors—sublimis  and  profundus — and  passes,
with their  tendons, under the  anterior annular
ligament;  it then divides  into five branches,
which are distributed to  the muscles  of the the-
nar eminence, to the lumbrieales, the integuments
ofthe thumb, the index, middle finger, and outer
part of  the  ring  finger.  This nerve gives  no
branches to the arm.  In the forearm, it furnishes
filaments to all tbe pronator and flexor muscles;
and one  of them accompanies the anterior inter-
osseous artery.   It also gives off a filament to the
integuments of the palm of the hand.
   Median  Veins.   Three of the superficial veins
ofthe forearm are  so called.  The median basilic
—tho median cephalic and common median or fu-
nis brachii.  See Basilic and  Cephalic.
   MEDIANUM, Mediastinum, Mesentery.
   MEDIASTINAL,  Mediastina'lis,  (F.) Me-
diustin.  Relating to the Mediastinum.
   Mediastinal  Arteries are very delicate arte-
rial  branches, distributed in  the areolar  texture
 of the mediastinum.   They are  distinguished.
 according  to their situation, into  anterior and
 posterior.
   MKDIASTINITIS,  Mesodmitis.
   MEDIASTI'NUM, Medinstlnus, quasi, in me-
 dio stans, as being in the middle ; Mesod'me, Me-
 dia'nmn,   Mesotce'chium,  Mesotoe'chnm,   Septum
 thora'cis, Hymen Diaphrat'ton, Membra'na Dia-
 phratton seu  thora'cern  intersep'iens, Intersepi-
 men'tum  thora'cis,  Diribito'rium, Dissipimen'tum
 thora'cis, (F.) Mediastin.  A membranous space
 formed by the approximation of  the  pleurm,
 dividing the chest into two parts, the one right,
 the  other  left.   The mediastinum, formed by  a
 double reflection of the pleura, extends from  the
 spine to  the posterior surface ofthe sternum.  Its
 anterior  part, called Anterior mediastinum, Me-
 diastinum pectora'le, lodges, at its upper part,  the
 thymus  gland  in  the  foetus, and is  filled below
 with  fatty, areolar tissue.  Its posterior part,
 parallel to  the spine, is occupied by the oesopha-
 gus, vena  azygos, thoracic duct, the lower part
 of the windpipe, the origin of the bronchia and a
 number of lymphatic glands.  This part is called
 the posterior mediastinum—Mediastinum dnrsa'le.
   By some anatomists, Mediastinum is defined to
be the pleural  walls of the  membranous space,
whilst the space  itself  is termed  Cavum me-
diaiti'ni.
   Mediastinum Auris, see Tympanum — m.  Ce-
rebri, Falx cerebri, Septum lucidum — m. Testis,
Corpus llighmori.
   MEDIASTIN US, Mediastinum.
   MEWCABILIS. Curable.
   MEDICABLE.  Curable.
   ME I)'ICE.   Sworn  midwives, whose  duty it
was, of old. to inspect women in cases of suspect-
ed nregnnncv.
   MED' ICA L,  Medira'lis,  liit'ricus, Paon'ius.
Paoilicus, Phys'ical (of old). Escit/n'piau, (F.)
MilicnU  Same etymon as Medicament.   Apper-
taining or  relating to medicine or to medicines.
   Medical Jurisprudence, Medicine, legal—m.
Man, Surgeon-Apothecary.
   MEOICALIS. Medical.
   MEDTCA MENT, Medicaineilfuin,  Remed'iuiri,
Ace'sis, Aces'ma, Aces'tium, Accs'tys,  Allhos, Hy-
gias'ma,  Ia'ma, Acs, Medica'men,  Phnr'rnaeum,
l'harmaceu'ma,  Alkar,  Auxil'ium,  Boethe'ma, ,1
Med'icine,  (old  E.)  Medsine; Physic, Rem'edy,
Rem'etic, (F.) Itemede; from  rnedicor, medicatus,
'to cure  or heal.'  A medicine.   Any substance
exhibited with  the  view of  curing or  allaying
morbid action.  Medicines are obtained  from the
three kingdoms of nature, and are divided into
internal and  external, according  as they are  ad-
ministered  internally or applied externally.
  In common language, medicine is often called
Stuff, Doctors' stuff,  and, in the Southern States,
Tr,„k.
  MEDICAMENTAL. Medicinal.
  MEDICAMENTO'SUS  LAPIS,  Medic" inal
stone, (F.)  Pierre medicamenteuse.   A name for-
merly given to a mixture  of peroxyd  of iron, li-
tharge, itlum, nitre,  sal ammoniac, and  vinegar;
evaporated and  calcined  at a red heat for an
hour.  The product was regarded as eminently
astringent.
  MEDIOAMENTUM, Drug —m.  ex Palmulis,
Diaphoenicon.
  MEDICASTER.  Mcl'tcastret.   An  ignorant
practitioner.   A charlatan.
  MEDICATION. Medica'tio.  Same etymon as
Medicament.  The change in the animal  economy
produced by the operation of remedies.  Treat-
ment by medicine.  Tbe  act of  impregnating
with some  medicine.
  MEDICATIONHYPODERMIQUE, see Hy-
podermic
  MEDICATRTNA. Iatrion.
  MEDICATRIX,  same  etymon.   'Having the
power of healing.'   A female  practitioner.
  MEDICI'NA, Ars med'ica seu Machaii'nia seu
Mnehabilica, Res  medica,  lat'rice,  Inte'ria,
I'dtrla, latrine,  Paos'yne, Paon'ice, Iatrotecll-
nice,  Acesto'ria,  Scien'tin  vied'i'-a seu medendi,
Sote'ria  doctrlna,  Med'icine, (old E.)  Medsine,
The healing art, Leech craft, Physic, (F.) Mede-
cine.  Same  etymon.  A  science,  the object of
which is the  cure of disease and the preservation
of health.  Occasionally, it is used to comprehend
all  the branches of the healing art; at others to
comprise one great  division, in contradistinction
to surgery and obstetrics.   Medicine, in this sense,
includes many branches ;—the chief of which are,
Anatomy,  Physiology, Pathology,  Therapeutics,
Hygiene, Materia Medica, and Pharmacy.
   Medicina  Conservativa, Hygiene—ra. Di;rt-
etica, Dietetics — m. Diasostiea,  Hygiene—m.
Eclectica, see Eclectic—m. Efficax, Surgery—m.
Equa.rin, Hippiatria—m. Euectica,  Gymnastics—
in.  Forcnsis,  Medicine, legal — in. Gymnastica,
Gymnastics —111. Hermetica, see  Spagyrists—ra.
Judiciaria, Medicine, legal—in. Mechanica. Kine-
sipathy,  see Mechanical—in. Methodic.!, see Me-
thodists— m.  Milituris, Military medicine — m.
Operativa,  Surgery — m. Paracelsistica,  see Spa-
gyrists— m. Perturbatrix, see  Perturbatrix  — m.
Politioa, Police, medical — m. Politico-forensis,
Medicine, state — m. Publica, Medicine, state —
m. Sin ica,  Chinese medicine—m.  Spagyrica, Chy-
miatria: see Spagyrists—m. State, Police,  medi-
cal—m.  Tristitim, Crocus—m. Veterinaria,  Vete-
rinary art.
   MEDTOINABLE, Medicinal.
   MEDICINAL, Medicina'lis, MerUeament'nl,
Medic"inable, Metlical, later'itts, Reme'ilial.  11c-
me'diate, (F.) Medicinal,  Medit-nmentenx.   Same
etymon.  Having a remedial power: — as  medi-
cinal plants, Ac  Relating to medicine,  as
   Medic"in\l Days, Medidna'les Dies.   Days
on  which the ancients  considered  that  remedies
might be administered; and especially evacuants.
Such days were not esteemed critical.
   Medicinal Hours.  Times at which—the sto-
mach  being freed from  its  digestive actions —
medicine, it  was thought,"could  be most advan-
tageously administered, as in the  morning  last- 
MEDICINE               57
6              MEDULLARY
ing, an hour before dinner, some hours after it,
and at bedtime.
  MEDICINE, Medicament, Medicina.
  Medicine is, also, used  in the same sense as
Medicament, and for a purging potion.
  To  Medicine was formerly used for "to restore
or cure by medicine."
  Medicine Chest, Pharmacotheca.
  Medicine, Clinical, see Clinical — m. Eclec-
tic, see Eclectic — m.  Empirical, Arcanum — m.
Galenic, Galenism.
  Medicine, Legal, Medical jurispru'dence of
some, Law or  Forerlsic medicine, Jlediclna fio-
ren'sis seu jiidicia'ria, Diciatrla, (F.) Medeeine
legale.  The application of medical knowledge to
the solution of every  question connected  with
the preservation of the species, and the adminis-
tration of justice.
  Medicine, Patent, see Patent medicine — m.
Political, Police, medical—m. Quack, Arcanum.
  Medicine Stamp, Cachet.
  Medicine, State, Medicina pub'lica seu poli-
tico-foren'sis.   The medical knowledge, brought
to bear on state  objects, as on public hygiene,
and matters appertaining  to medical jurispru-
dence.
  MEDICINAR, Doctor.
  MEDICINIER  CATHARTIQUE, Jatropha
curcas.
  MEDTCO- CHIRURG"ICAL,  Med'ico-Chi-
riir'gicus.  Relating or appertaining to medicine
and surgery ;—as ' medico-chirurgical society.'
  Medico-Chirurgicaj. Anatomy, see Anatomy.
  MEDICO-LEGAL, Med'ico-lega'lis.  Relating
to  legal medicine;  as  'a medico-legal  inquiry,
Lnquisil'io medico-lega'lis — 'a medico-legal in-
spection,' Inspec'tio med'ico-lega'lis.
  MEDICO-STATISTICAL,  see Statistics,  me-
dical.
  MEDICUS,  Doctor, Physician — m. Equarius,
Hippiater— m. Ocularis,  Oculist — in.  Ophthal-
micus, Oculist—in.  Unguentarius,  Iatraleptes —
m.  Veterinarius, Hippiater — in. Vulnerarius, see
Deligation—ra. Yulnerum, Surgeon.
  MEDIM'NUS, Medinlnos, pe&ifivos. An ancient
measure, capable of containing about -4 pecks and
6 pints.
  MEDINOGORDIUS, Dracunculus.
  MEDITULLIUM, Diploe.
  MEDIUM MUSCULI, see  Muscle —m. Ven-
tris, Umbilicus.
  MEDIUS. Middle, Median.
  Me'dius Dig"itus, Middle  Finger, (F.) Doigt
du Milieu, is between the index and ring finger.
  MEDLAR, Mespilus.
  MEDSINE,  Medicament, Medicina.
  MEDO, Hydromeli.
  MED0BLENN0RRH03A, Leucorrhoea.
  MED0RRH03A. Gonorrhoea — m. Feminarum
insons, Leucorrhoea—m. Virilis, Gonorrhoea.
  MEDULLA, Marrow — m.  Cerebri, see Cere-
brum— m. Dorsalis, M. Spinalis — m. Dorsualis,
M.  Spinalis—m. Nervorum, Neurine.
  Medul'la Oblonga'ta,  Oblong medulla,  Cer'-
ebral protu'berance, A7crvous system  of the senses,
(Gall),  Cer'ebrum  elonga'tum, (F.)  Mesocephale,
Moelle allongee, Mesencephale, (Ch.)  The medul-
lary substance  that lies within the cranium upon
the basilary process  of the  occipital bone.   The
anterior  surface  which rests  in  the  basilary
groove, is impressed by the basilary artery.  At
the upper extremity, and on its  posterior surface
are the Tubercula quadrigemina.   At the same
extremity, the  medulla gives rise to two prolon-
gations, the peduncles of the brain, separated  from
each  other by  the mammillary eminences,  and j
becoming lost in  the optic  thalami.  The lower
extremity is called ttie tail or Rachid'ian  bulb,
Bulbus medulla  spina'lis  seu  rachid'icus,   (F.) !
Bulbe rachidicn, and is continuous with the me-
dulla spinalis.  It is to this part only that some
anatomists apply  the  name  Medulla oblongata.
From the posterior angles two other prolongations
arise, called  Peduncles of  jjie cerebellum.  The
medulla oblongata has several eminences — tho
Pons varolii, Corpora  pyramidalia,  C.  olivaria,
Ac—and  it has a longitudinal fissure before, anil
another behind, called  the anterior and  posterior
median  fissures.   The   vesicular  neurine  in tho
centre  of  the medulla  is  the  nervous centre of
respiration and deglutition:  hence  it has been
called centrum vita'le.
  Medulla  Ossium,  Marrow — m.  Spina?, M.
spinalis.
  Medul'la  Spina'lis seu Spina seu dorsua'lit
seu  vertebnllis seu dorsa'lis, Corda spina'lis,
Funis argen'teus,  Rhache'trnm, My'elus, M. rhu-
chi'tes seu notia'us seu diauche'nius sen pstri'tes,
My'elon, Notomy'elus, Rhachltes, jEon, Proces'-
sus rachidia'nits, Sacra fis'tula, Spinal prolonga-
tion, Ver'tebral marrow, Spinal cord or mari-mr,
Nervous system ofi voluntary  motion  and  tortile
impression (Gall),  (F.) Moelle ipinilre,  Mnille
vertebrate, called by Ch., Prolongement mchidien
of the encephalon, is the continuation of the me-
dulla oblongata.  It commences at the  foramen
magnum of the occipital  bone, and  descends in
the vertebral canal as  low as tbe 2d lumbar ver-
tebra, without filling it; presenting, in its course,
several evident enlargements.  It is  grooved on
both its anterior and posterior surfaces by a fur-
row, which divides it,  in  its whole  length,  into
two  great nervous  cords, intimately  united with
each other.   It terminates by an oval  tubercle,
whence a  number of nerves set out called  Cauda
equina, (F.)  Queue de cheval, from its resem-
blance  to a horse's tail. The spinal  marrow has
no analogy,  as regards its structure, with the
marrow of long bones.   It is formed of  two sub-
stances:  one white, the other gray, presenting
an inverse arrangement to  that which they have
in the brain, the white  being external, the cine-
ritious at the centre, Substantia gri'sea centra'-
lis.  It is  enveloped by a yellowish, fibrous mem-
brane, very resisting, which seems to be continued
insensibly from the pia mater, and by two other
membranes, which  are  merely prolongations of
the arachnoid and dura mater.  See Nerve.
  Medulla Vertebralis, M. spinalis.
  MEDULLA, Sperm.
  MED'ULLARY, Medulla'ris, (F.)  Miilnllaire,
from medulla, 'marrow.' Relating to the marrow,
or analogous to marrow.
  Medullary  Ar'teries.  The  arteries,  which
enter bones and pass to the marrow.
  Medullary  Canal, see Canal, medullary —
m. Cells,  see Medullary Membrane — m.  Juice,
Marrow—m. Matter of the brain, see Cerebrum.
  Medullary MEMBRANE,Per?'os'fe»m Inter'num,
Endos'teum.  Avascular, areolar web of extreme
tenuity, which envelops tbe marrow and lines tbe
inner surface of the medullary canal of the long
bones.   This membrane has  been considered as
a species of internal periosteum of those  bones.
It has  numerous vessels, which bury themselves
in the thickness of the  marrow ; and others which
nourish the innermost  plates  of the bone.  The
cells formed  by it are  termed Cel'lula seu Sac'-
culi medulla'res.
  Medullary  Neurine, see Neurine — m. Sar-
coma, Encephaloid, Ilaematodes fungus.
  Medullary  Substance  of the  Kidney, see
Kidney—in. s. of Schwann, see Nerve-fibre.
  Medullary  System.  Bichat gives this narao
to the  marrow and its membranes.   He  distin-
guishes two  species of medullary systems ; tho
one occupies the cellular tissue at the extremities
of the long bones and  that of the flat and short 
MEDULLITIS              57
bones; the other is found merely in the central l|
canal of long bones.
  Medullary Tumour of the Lungs, Phthisis,
cancerous.
  MEDULLITIS, Myelitis.  M. Gerdy uses Me-
dullite for inflammation of the marrow of bones,
Osteomyelitis. — Myelitis  being usually  appro-
priated to inflammation of the spinal marrow.
  MEERAN. Daucus carota.
  MEGALANTHROPOGEN'ESTS, from ptyas,
ptyaXn,  'great,'  ctvSptmros,  'man,'  and  yevtats,
' birth.'   A  term used  by a French  physician,
named Robert, to designate the art of procreating
great men ;  men of  mind ;  men of genius.   He
considered that they  may be  perpetuated by
always taking care to have talented men united
to clever women !
  MEGALOCAR'DIA, from ptyas,peyaXr\, 'great,'
and xapota, ' heart.'   The state of having a  very
large heart.
  MEGAL0C03LIA, Intestine,  great, Megalo-
splanchnia.
  MEGALOMEL'IA, from ptyas, pcyaXn, 'great,'
 and pcXos, 'a limb.'   A monstrosity  characterized
 by  very large limbs.
  MEGALOPHO'NIA,  from ptyas, ptyaXn,
 'great,'  and tpurvn, 'voice.'   The  condition  of
 having a full, strong voice.
  MEGALOPHTHAL'MUS, from ptyas. peyaXv,
 'great,' and  otpOaXpos, 'eye.'  A  congenital de-
 formity, in which the eye is inordinately large.
  MEGALOl'US, Macropodus.
  MEGALOSl'LANCII'NUS, from  ptyas, ptynXr,,
 'great,' and atrXay%vov, 'a viscus.'   Megalocor'lia.
 Bippocrates applies the epithet to those in whom
 a viscus, or  the  viscera, are tumid.  Some  have
 used  the  substantive Megalosplanch'nia  for the
 tumour itself.
   MEGALOSPLENIA, Splenoncus.
   MEGETHOS, Stature.
   MEGRIM. Hemicrania.
   MEIRO'MIUS, GLANDS OF, Follicles of M.,
 Palpebral or  Ciliary Follicles,  Glandula se-
 ba'cea  cilia'res seu Meiboinia'na, Intcstin'ula
 Mcihn'mii, Lactlna palpebra'rum, (F.) Follicules
 pttlpibraux  ou ciliaires, Glandes de Meibomius.
 Small,  sebaceous  follicles, called  after Henry
 Meibomius, although  known long before his de-
 scription of them.   They are situate  in special
 grooves in the tarsal cartilages; and are ranged
 by the side of each other, in the form of yellowish,
 parallel, and vertical lines; sometimes straight,
 at  others, tortuous.   They  may  be seen at the
 inner surface of the eyelids, through the conjunc-
 tiva,  and secrete  a  sebaceous  humour, called
 Lippitit'do, Gum, (F.) Chassie.
   MEIO'SIS, Meo'sis,  Mio'sis, Imminu'tio,  Mi-
 nuthe'sis, Minitho'sis, from petoor, ' I lessen.'   The
 period of a disease, in which the symptoms begin
 to  diminish; — the  decline.  Remission.   Also,
 idiotism.
  MEIUROS, Decurtatus, Mvurus.
  MEKILWORT, Atropa belladonna.
  MEL, Mcli, Nillacum. Honey, (F.) Miel.  A
 substance of a muco-saccharine nature, prepared
 by the  Apis mellif'ica, or  common bee, which
 collects it from the nectaries of flowers.   Honey
 is employed as aliment, condiment, and medicine.
 It is demulcent and  aperient; and  is prescribed
 as an adjunct to gargles in  cynanche tonsillaris,
 Ac.  It is, at times, used ns a detergent to foul
ulcers.   Virgin  Honey,  Mel  viv'ginnin  sell vir-
yin'eiim, (F.) Miel  vierge. is that which  flows
from the wax spontaneously.
  Hill's Balsam of Honey is formed  of balsam
of tolu. Ibj, honey, Ibj, rectified spirit, one gallon.
It was long a celebrated empirical pectoral.
  Honey  Water is a mixture of essences co-
loured with  saffron.  A little honey is  added to
      37
MELANAGOGUE
communicate a clamminess;  the  effect  of which
is to make it retain the scent the longer.  It is
used as a scent.
  Mel  Acetatum,  Oxymel — m. .35gyptiacum,
jEgyptiacum — m. Aerium, Fraxinus ornus — m.
Arundinaceum, Saecharum.
  Mel Bora'cis, M. subbora'cis seu boraxa'tnm,
Colluto'rinm adstriilgens, Linimen'tum de Bora'ce
seu ad aphthas, Linetus de Bora'ce seu ael aph-
thas, Honey  ofi Borax,  Mellite de  borax,  Mid
borate.  (Boracis contrit. £j, mellis despumati ff,.
Ph.  L.)  Detergent.  Applied to the  mouth in
aphthous affections.
  Mel  Cann.e, Saccharum  (non purificatum)—
m. Coctum,  Pelicide.
  Mel  Despuma'tum, M. Depnra'tnm,  C/ar'ified
Honey,  Anaphronleli,  (F.) Miel  Clarifie ou de-
spume  ou depuri,  Mellite simple, Sir-op de miel.
Melt the honey in a water-bath, and remove the
scum.   Uses the same as honey.
  Mel Ros^E.  M. rosa'turn,  Melli'tum  de Rosis.
Rhodom'eli, Rhadostac'tou, Honey of Roses, (F.)
Miel rosat, Mellite de  Roses.   (Rosa gallic, ^'j,
aqua bullient. f^xij, mellis despum.  f^xx.  Ma-
cerate the roses in f Ij viij of boiling water for four
hours;  press out as much  fluid as  possible and
set aside.  Macerate the residue in f^iv of boil-
ing  water for half an hour, and again express.
Reserve f.^iv of tbe first infusion;  mix the re-
mainder with the infusion last obtained ; add the
honey, and evaporate to  a pint.   Lastly, add the
reserved infusion, and strain. Ph.  U.  S.)   As-
tringent and detergent.  Used chiefly  in gargles
and washes for aphthae, Ac
  Mel Scillae, Oxymel scillae — m. Scillse  com-
positum, Syrupus  scillae compositus.
  Mel Vinosum,  ffinoniel—m. Virginum, see
Mel.
  MELiE'NA, Melanorrhag"ia, Melanorrhag"ia,
Mela'no-dinrrhiv'a, Ic'terus niger, Jlelanchlo'rus,
Mclnnic'terus, Melas  Ic'terus, Melanism'ns,  Mor-
bus  niger seu niger Hippoc'ratis, Enterorrhte'a,
Black  Jaundice,  (F.)  Militia,  Mclene, Milas-
ictere, Maladic noire, Melinf, Ictere  noire;  from
utXas. piXavos, 'black.'  A name  given  to vomit-
ing  of black  matter, ordinarily succeeded by
evacuations of the same character.  It seems to
be  often a variety of hiEmatemesis.   The  Black
 Vomit in yellow fever is owing to a morbid secre-
tion from the lining membrane  of  the stomach
and small intestines mixed with blood.  Melsena
also signifies hemorrhage  from  the intestines;
Fluxus sple'nicns, Dysenter'ia sple'nica, Dejec-
tio'nes nigra, Seces'sus niger, Herriorrhage from
the Intes'tines.
  Mel.kna  Fungosa  Carcinodes,  nematodes
fungus.
  MEL.ENODTARRHGEA, Melsena.
  MEL-dENOGO'G US, from peXnc, ptXavos. 'black,'
and ayur, T drive  away.'  A medicine believed to
be capable of expelling atrabilis  or 'black bile.'
  MEL.ENORRHAGIA, Melaena.
  MELAINE. see Choroidea tunica.
  MELALEU'CA  CAJAPUTI,  M. Minor seu
Leucoden'ilron,  Myrtus  Leucaden'dron, Lepto-
spermum Leucaden'dritm. Ord. Myrtacese.  This
plant affords the Cajeput Oil, (see Caiepnt.) The
leaves are esteemed diuretic, stomachic, and em-
menagogue.
  Melaleuca Leucodendron,  M. Cajaputi —
m.  Minor. M. Cajaputi.
  MELAMPHO'NUS. from ptXas, 'obscure,' and
Qurvn, 'voice.' Having a hoarse or indistinct voice.
  MELAMPHYLLUM,  Acanthus mollis.
  MELAMPODE. Helleborus niger.
  MELAMPODIUM.  Helleborus niger.
  MELAN.EMA. Suffocation.
  MELAN.EMIA. Venosity.
  MEL'ANAGOGUE, Melanago'gus, from utXas, 
MELANCHLORUS           578            MELEGUETTA
y-Xavos, 'black,' and ayur, T expel.'  A medicine
which the ancients believed adapted for expelling
black bile or melancholy.
  MELANCHLO'RUS, from  pcXas, peXavos,
' black,' and Y.Awp°s- ' green.'  The ancients gave
this name to certain dark-coloured topical reme-
dies.   See Melaena.
  MELANCHOLE, Atrabilis.
  MELANCHOLIA, Melancholy — m. Autocbi-
riea, Suicide —m. Errabunda, Cuttubuth,  Kutu-
buth—m. Flatuosa,  Hypochondriasis—in.  Hypo-
chondriaca, Hypochondriasis—m.  Nervea, Hypo-
chondriasis — m. Pleonectica,  see   Pleonectica
— m.  Saltans, Chorea — m.  Suicidium,  Suicide
— in. Uterina, Nymphomania — m.  Zoanthropia,
Melancholy.
  MEL'ANCHOLIC, Melanchol'icus, Melan'cho-
lus, Melancholo'des, (Se.) Dram, Drum, (F.) Me-
Inncolique, from  ptXas, peXavos, 'black,'  and x°^n'
'bile.'  One labouring under melancholy.  That
 which  belongs  or  relates to melancholy. ^  In
popular language, one of a gloomy disposition.
   MELANCHOLINESS, Melancholy.
   MELANCHOLODES, Melancholic.
   MELANCHOLUS, Melancholic.
   MEL'ANCHOLY, Melancho'lia, same etymon.
 Lypema'nia,   Ecphro'nia Melancho'lia,  3Iania
 Melancho'lica seu   Melancho'lia,  Tristema'nia,
 Baryth'mia, Hypolepsiorna'nia, Anoe'sia adstric'-
 ta, Fixa'tio mononce'a, Melancholiness, (Sc.) Dis-
 mal ; (F.)  Melancolie,  Lyperophrinie.   Same
 etymon.   A disease supposed, by  the ancients, to
 be caused by black bile.  A variety  of  mental
 alienation,  characterized  by excessive  gloom,
 mistrust, and depression, generally, with insanity
 on one particular subject or train of ideas, Mono-
 nin'niu, Monomo'ria.  Panophobia, Dernonomania,
 Erotomania, Nostalgia,  Ac, may be referred to
 this  head.
   Melancholy is also used for unnsual gloominess
 of disposition.
   Melancholy, Erotic, Erotomania — m. Love,
 Erotomania.       m
   MELAN'CHRUS, Melon'ochrus, from ptXas,
 peXavoc,  'black,' and Y(xdj, 'a colour.'  One at-
 tacked with black jauifdice.  Supposed, by some,
 to be an abbreviation of Melanchlorus.
   MELANCOLIE, Melancholy.
   MELANCOLIQUE, Melancholic.
   MELANEPHRIDOSIS, Sudor Anglieus niger.
   MELANGE  PECTORAL, Mistura acidi hy-
  drocyanici.
    MELAN'IC,  Melatlr'cus,  Melanolic, Melanol-
  iens, (F.) Milane ; from peXas.  peXavos,  'black.'
  Of  or  belonging  to Melanosis; — as   Metallic
  deposit,  a black colouring matter deposited from
  the   blood under  special  circumstances; — see
  Melanosis.
    MELANTC DEPOSIT, Melanosis.
    MELANTCTERUS,  Melaena.
    MELANIENNES, (Taches),  Naevus.
    MELANINE, see Choroidea tunica.
    MELANISME, Melanismus.
    MELANISMUS,  Mela?na.  M. I.  G. St. Hi-
  laire employs the term Melanisme, for the change
  of coloration of the skin in  which the pigment is
  of a deeper  hue  and  in greater  quantity  than
  natural.
    MELANOCARCINOMA, Cancer, melanotic.
    MELANOCHRUS, Melanchrus.
    MELANOMA, Melanosis — m. Pulmonum, see
  Melanosis.
    MELANOMYCES, Melanospongus.
    MELANOPATHI'A,  from  utXas, utXavos,
  'black,'  and n-ados, 'affection.'  Nlgritism,  Ni-
  gdl'ies.  A  disease of the  skin, which consists
in augmentation of black pigment;  generally in
patches.
  MELANOPIIYMA, Ergot.
  MELANOI'IPER,  Piper nigrum.
  MELANOPNEUMON, see Melanosis.
  MELANORRIIAGIA, Melmna.
  MELANORRHIZUM, Helleborus niger.
  MELANOSE, Melanosis.
  MELANO'SIS, Melan'sis, Melano'rna, Nigritn'.
do, (F.) Deginirescence noire,  Milannsr; from
peXas, peXavos, 'black.'  An organic affection, in
which the tissue of the  parts is converted, owing
to a metallic deposit, into a black, bard, homo-
geneous substance, near which ulcers or  cavities
may form; — owing  to the softening, either of
the substance  itself,  or of some other  morbid
tissue, — of tubercles especially.  This morbific
change affects the lungs particularly ;  when it is
called Melano'sis seu  Melano'rna seu Anthrtico'sin
Pulmo'num, Melanopneu'mon, Nigritu'tlo melnnitl-
ica, Melan'sis Pulmonum,  Pnatrnononielnno'sis,
Black tubercle, (F.) Milanose Pulmonnire.  Itis,
also, met with in  the liver and areolar texture.
Its causes are very  obscure.  Melanosis  of  the
lungs  constitutes  one of the  species of phthisis
of Bayle; but it  is  impossible  to  distinguish it
from the other species during life.
   In the classification  of  Fuchs,  Melanosen
 (G.) forms a family of  diseases.
   The deposition  of melanic matter in  the tissues
 is not necessarily connected  with malignant dis-
 ease.  See Cancer, melanotic
   Melanosis Pulmonum,  see Melanosis—m.
 Universalis, Venosity.
   MELANOSMEGMA, see Sapo.
   MELANOSPON'GUS, Melanomy'ces, from
 ptXas, peXavos,  'black,'  and aitoyyos, 'sponge.'
 The tuberiform variety of melanosis ofthe lungs.
   MELANOTIC, Melanic — m. Cancer, Cancer,
 melanotic.
   MEL'ANOTHRIX,  Atricapill'us, (F.) Melatin-
 trique,  from  ptXas, 'black,'  and  fyi{,  'hair.'
 Having black hair.
   MELANSIS, Melanosis — m. Pulmonum,  Me-
 lanosis pulmonum.
   MELANTHIUM, Nigella, M. Virginicum—m.
 Muscaetoxicum, Amianthum museaetoxicum.
    Melan'thium  Virgin'icum,  Melantliinm, Lei-
 man'thiiim  Virgin'icum, Quafadil; indigenous;
  Order, Melanthaceae, flowering in July, is said to
 be a sure but severe remedy for itch.
    MELAS, Lepra nigricans — m.  Icterus,  Me-
  laena.
    MELAS'MA,  Eechymn'ma Melas'ma,  Nigror,
  from ptXas,  'black.'  A black spot  or ecchymosis,
  occurring on the lower extremities  of old peoplo
  especially.  Also a cutaneous affection analogous
  to chloasma,  differing from  it only in the dark
  colour of the morbid  pigment. It is also called
  Pityriasis nigra.
    MELAS'SES,  Molas'ses, Melns'tum, Theriaea
  commilnis,  Syr'upns empyrenmat'icns seu niger,
  Sac't-hnri Fax, Treacle. (Old Eng.) Triatle,- from
  pcAt, ' honey,' or  from  peXas, ' black.'  The syrup,
  which remains after the juice of  the sugar-cane
  has been subjected  to all the  operations  for ex-
  tracting sugar from it.  In the United States, the
  syrup, made in  the process of forming  common
  sugar, is called  melasses,-  that remaining  after
  the refinement of sugar being termed sugar-honst
  melasses or treacle.
    Melasses Spirit, Rum.
    MELATROPH'IA, from  peXos,  'a limb,' and
  arpntpia, ' wasting.'  Wasting of the limbs.
    MELCA. plXKa.  Food  made of milk, coagu-
  lated bv boiling vinegar.
    MELE, Specillum.
    MELEA, Pyrus malus.
    MELEGUETTA, Amomum grana paradisi. 
MELEIOS
57
9               MELLITUM
  MELEI'OS, pnXctos, Mellnus, Melias.   A spe-
cies of alum found in the island of Melos.
  HELENA, Meitena.
  MELENE, Melasna.
  MELEZE, Pinus larix.
  MELI, Mel.
  MELIA, Fraxinus ornus.
  Mb'lia  Azed'arach,  Azedara'cha  amce'na,
Poison Berry Tree,  Azed'arach,  Pride of India
or of China, Pride  tree, Hop  tree, Bead tree.
A'tt. Ord. Meliaceae;  Sex. Syst.  Decandria Mo-
nogynia.   The bark of the root—called in India
A'a-m Bark, Azedarach, (Ph. U.  S.), is  usually
given in decoction, in the proportien of three or
four ounces  of  the  bark of  the  fresh root to a
quart of water,  boiled down to a pint. The dose
is one or two table-spoonfuls, every two  or three
hours, till purging is induced.  It is given in  this
manner ns an  anthelmintic.  It  is  sometimes
formed into an ointment, and  used  in tinea
capitis.   The tree is a native of Syria,  Persia,
nnd the north of India, and  is abundant in the
Bouthern  states  of the Union.
   Melia Terra, Creta.
   MELIANTHUS  MAJOR, Nat.  Ord.  Zygo-
phylleie.   A south African plant, a decoction of
whose leaves is a good external  remedy in tinea
capitis,  crusta  serpiginosa,   necrosis and  foul
ulcers.  It is also useful as  a gargle and lotion
in  sore throat  and diseases of the  gums.   Tbe
bruised leaves  applied to  ulcers  promote granu-
lation.
   MELICERA, Porrigo favosa.
   MELICERIA, Hydrarthrus, Porrigo favosa.
   MELICE'RIS, Melifia'vium, from peXi, 'honey,'
and Ktipos, 'wax.'  Emphy'ma  encys'tis melice'ris.
An encysted tumour filled with  a substance  re-
sembling honey.  Also, Porrigo favosa.
   MELICEROUS, Melicer''itous : same etymon.
Having the characters of meliceris,—as a melice-
 rous tumour.
   MELICERUM, Porrigo favosa.
   MELICHEI'UM, from peXi, 'honey,' and xtur,
'I pour out.'  A honey-like  discharge from an
ulcer.
   MELICRATUM,  Hydroraeli.
   MELIEAVIUM, Meliceris, Porrigo favosa.
   MELIGEI'ON, from ptXi, 'honey.'  A fetid
humour of the  consistence of honey, discharged
from ulcers, accompanied with caries of a bone.
   MELILOT, Trifolium melilotus.
   MELILOTUS, Trifolium melilotus.
   MELIME'LUM, from ptXi,  ' honey,'and pnXov,
 'an apple.'  A name given to two compounds:—
one of honey and quince, the  other of honey and
apples.
   MEM YE, Melaena.
   MELINI SULPHAS, Cadmii sulphas.
   MELl'NUM, prfXtvov. The ancient name of an
ointment, and  of several plasters,  described by
Dioscorides and Galen : so called from their re-
sembling the pnXov or quince in colour.
   Mklinum Sulphuricum, Cadmii sulphas.
   MELINUS,  Me.leios.
   MfiLIOLE, Mellitum.
   MELIPHYLLUM. Melissa.
   MELIS'SA, from neXtoaa, 'a bee.' because bees
gather honey from it.  M. officinalis seu  Rorna'-
ini  seu hirsu'ta  seu  cit'rina seu citra'ta  sen Aor-
tt n'sis, Citra'go, Citrn'ria, Melitei'a, Melissob'-
ntos,  Melita'na, Melissobot'aniim,  Melissopht/l-
Inm,  Meliphyllum,  Mentha  citra'ta,  Meliltis,
Cfilrnnel'la,  Apias'trum,  Era'tion.  Balm,  (F.)
Mflisse, La  Citronelle,  Ciline;  Nat. Ord.  La-
bials.   The  leaves  of  balm,  Melissa  (Ph.
U. S.), have a  pleasant odour ;  and an  austere
and  aromatic taste.   Balm was formerly much
used iu nervous diseases, but is now only  em-
ployed when made into tea, as a diluent, in fe-
brile affections.  It is  the  basis of a celebrated
preparation,—the Enu des  Carmes.
  Melissa Calamin'tha, Calnmin'tha, C. vulga'-
ris seu officina'rum  seu grandijlo'ra, Thymus ca-
lamin'tha, Cal'amint, Nespite, (F.) Calament. This
plant smells like wild  mint, though more  agree-
ably.   It is used, popularly,  as a tea in dyspep-
sia;  flatulent  colic; hysteria; uterine obstruc-
tions, Ac.
  Melissa Canariensir, Dracocephalum  Cana-
riense—m.  Citrata,  Melissa—m. Citrina, Melissa
—m.  Clinopodium, Clinopodium vulgare.
  Melissa Grandiflo'ra,  Thymus glandifio'nts,
Calamin'tha maguo fiore, C. monta'ua, 3lountain
Cal'amint.   This  plant resembles  the  last  in
virtues.
  Melissa  Hirsiita,   Melissa — m. Hortensis,
Melissa—in. Humilis,  Melittis melissophyllum.
  Melissa Nep'eta,  Thymus nep'eta seu  mttlti-
flo'rus, Calnniin'tha An'glica  seu Pule'gii  odo're
seu nep'eta seu porvifio'ra seu tricholoina, Nep'-
eta agrc.s'tis, Pield Cal'amint,  Spotted Cal'amint.
Formerly used as an aromatic
  Melissa Officinalis, Melissa —m. Pulegio'i-
des.  Hedeoma—m.  Romana,  Melissa—ra.  Tragi,
Melittis melissophyllum —  m.  Turcica, Dracoce-
phalum Canariense.
  MELISSE  DES BOIS, Melittis melissophyl-
lum— m. de Moldavie, Dracocephalum Canari-
ense.
  MELISSOBOTANUM, Melissa.
  MELISSOBOTOS, Melissa.
  MELISSOPHYLLUM, Melissa, Melittis melis-
sophyllum.
  MELISSOT, Melittis melissophyllum.
  MELIT,E'MIA,  Melitha'mia, from peXi,
'honey,'  and 'atpa, 'blood.'  A condition  of  the
circulating fluid, in which it contains an unusual
quantity  of saccharine  matter.
  MELIT^ENA, Melissa.
  MEL1TAGRE, Impetigo.
  MELITEIA, Melissa.
  MELITH.EMIA, Melitmmia.
  MELITHOCORTON, Corallina Corsieana.
  MELITHYPERURIA, Diabetes.
  MELITIS, Infiamma'tio gena;  from  pqXov,
' the cheek,' and itis, denoting inflammation.  In-
flammation ofthe cheek.
  MELITITES, Hydromeli.
  MELITTA, Bee.
  MELITTIS, Melissa.
  Melit'tis Melissophyl'lum, La'mium monta'-
num,  Melissa hit'mills  seu  sylves'tris seu  Tragi,
La'mium Plin'ii, Melissophyllum, Bastard Balm,
(F.) Melisse des Bois,  Milissot.  Ord. Labiata?.
This plant was formerly employed, like the balm,
in uterine obstructions.
  Melittis Sylvestris, M. Melissophyllum.
  MELITURIA. Urine, diabetic, see Diabetes.
  MELI'TUS, Mellitus, from mel, 'honey.'  Ap-
pertaining to honey.   Ofthe  nature of honey.
  MELIZO'MUMj from ptXi, 'honey,'  and t,upos,
'broth ;'  Mead, Melllna, Methcg'/iit,'(Prov.) Mul-
lin.   A drink prepared with honey.
  MELLA'GO, from  mel,  'honey.'  Any  medi-
cine having the consistence  of honey. A fluid
extract.
  MELLTCRATUM. Hydromeli.
  MELLIFAVTUM, Porrigo favosa.
  MELLINA. Melizomum.
  MELLITE DE  BORAN. Mel boracis—m. de
Roses. Mel rosaa—m. Simple,  Mel despumatum.
  MELLITUM.  from mel, 'honey.'   (F.) Miel
me'dicinal, Hydroinelle, Sa cell an tie liquid,-. Mili-
oli.   A prepared honey:—a medicated honey.
  Mellitum de  Acetate  Cupri, Linimentum
JEruginis. 
MELLITUS
580
MEMBRANA
  Mellitum de Mercuria'li Compos'itum, (F.)
Miel de mercuriale compose, Symp de longne vie.
(Suec. purifi. mercurialis Ibij, boraginis, anchusa
officinalis, aa Ibss, iris psendacori radicis recent.
5ij, rad. sice,  gentiana (^j, mellis Ibiij, ei'ni albi
^xiij.   Macerate the bruised roots in the wine
tor 24 hours;  strain; mix the juices and honey;
boil slightly, and filter; then add the two liquors,
and  boil to the  consistence of syrup.   Ph. P.)
Cathartic, stomachic, Ac
  Mellitum de Rosis, Mel rosa?.
  Mellitdm Simplex, Syr'upus de Melle, Syrup
of Honey.   (Mellis  Ibvj, aqua  Ibiss, carbonat.
calcis. praparat. ^iij.  Mix the honey, water,
and carbonate of lime in a silver vessel:  boil the
mixture, stirring, at the same time,  for 2  or  3
minutes : then add prepared animal charcoal ,^vj,
two whites of eggs, mixed in a pint of water.  Mix
all, and boil to the consistence of syrup : remove
from the fire;  let the  syrup  rest for 15 minutes,
and pass through a cloth.  Ph. P.)  Demulcent.
  MELLITUS, Melitus.
  MELOjE'MIA, from peXas, 'black,' and 'atpa,
'blood.'  A state of blood, characterized by its
incoagulability, black  colour,  and septic  pro-
perties.
  MELOCHITIS, Lapis Arme'nius, Armeni'tes,
Armenian Stone. A  variety of blue carbonate
of copper.   It is found in Germany, the Tyrol,
and especially in Armenia.  It was formerly em-
ployed  as a cardiac, and as proper for  purging
away melancholy.
  MELODID'YMUS,  from piXos, 'a  limb,' and
etiunns.  ' double.'  A double member or limb.
  MELOE MAJALIS, see Cantharis.
  Meloe Niger, M. Pennsylvan'icus ; Class, In-
secta; Ord. Coleoptera.  A blistering  fly, native
of tbe  United States.  It feeds upon Prunella
vulga'ris or Self-heal, and Ambro'sia trifida or
Stick-weed.    These  flies resemble  the  Spanish
flies in  properties.
  Meloe Pennsylvanicus, M. niger.
  Meloe   Proscarabas'us,  Cnntarellus,  was
anciently used as a  diuretic and anti-hydropho-
bic   See Cantharis.
  Meloe Vesicatorius, Cantharis.
  MELOM'ELES, from peXos, 'a member,' and
peXcos,  'unprofitable.'   A  monster with super-
numerary limbs.
  MELON, pnXov, ' an apple.'  A disorder ofthe
eye, in  which it protrudes out of the socket. See
Exophthalmia.—Castelli.
  Melon, Cucumis  melo—m.d'Eau, Cucurbita
citrullus —m. Plant, Cucumis melo — m. Water,
Cucurbita citrullus.
  MELONGENA, Solanum melongena.
  MELOPLACUNTIUM,  Meloplacus.
  MELOPLA'CUS,  Meloplacun'tium, from pnXov,
' an  apple,'  'a quince.' A compound obtained by
boiling wine, honey,  quince, pepper, Ac, together.
—Galen.
  MELOPLAS'TTC, Melopl as'ticus, Genoplas'tic,
from  pfXov, 'the cheek,' and  nXaoaor, 'I form.'
(F.) Mi/oplastie, an  epithet for the operation for
forming a new cheek when any part of it has
been  lost.
  MELOS,  psXos, Membrum.  A member. A limb.
An organized  part,  composed of other  parts.—
Castelli.
  MELO'SIS, Catheter is'mils, Cenembate' sis, from
prfXn, 'a probe.'  The act of probing a wound,
ulcer, Ac—Hippocratus.   Catheterism.
  MELOTIIRUM. Bryonia alba:
  MELOTIS, Melo'trie, Specil'lum minus. From
pnXn, ' a probe.'  A small probe,—a probe for the
car.   See Apvromele.
  MELOTRLS, Melotis.
  MELT, Spleen.   Also,  the sperm  of fish,—
Milt.
  MELTING, Fusion.
  MELUM, pnXov, Malum.  An apple.  Fruit in
general.   Also,  a  round, firm  female  breast.
The  cheek.  The  apple-eye  or  melon-eye is an
apple-formed projection  of  the  eye from  tho
orbit.
  Melum Armeniacum, Prunus  armeniaca — m.
Cydonium, see Pyrus  cydonia.
  MELUSTUM, Melasses.
  MEMBRA PUDENDA, Genital organs.
  MEMBRANA, Membrane—m. Abdominis, Pe-
ritonaeum—m. Adiposa, Cellular membrane—in.
Adventitia, Decidua reflexa—m. Agnina, Amnios
—m. Amphiblestrodes, Retina—m. Arachnoiden,
Hyaloid  membrane — m. Capsularis testis, Albu-
ginea — ra. Carnosa, Dartos — m. Cellulosa, Cel-
lular membrane—m. Cellulosa, Decidua—m. Ce-
rebri tenuis, Pia mater — in. Cerebri  mollis, Pia
mater — m. Cerebri propria, Pia mater—m. Cho-
rio  capillaris,  see  Choroidea  tunica—m. Circu-
mossalis, Periosteum—m.  Communis, Decidun —
ra.  Cor circumplexa, Pericardium—m.  Cordis,
Pericardium—m. Costalis,  Pleura—m. Costas suc-
cingens,  Pleura — m. Crassa, Decidua reflexa —
m. Cribrosa, Decidua — in. Cuticularis, Dura ma-
ter— m. Decidua serotina, see Decidua — m. De-
muriana, see Aqueous humour, and Cornea — m.
Dentata, Denticulatum ligamentum—ra. Derma-
todes, Dura mater — m. Descemetii, see Aqueous
humour,  and Cornea—m. Diaphratton, Mediasti-
num—m. Dura cerebrum ambiens, Dura, mater—
in. Epicrania,  Galea  aponeurotica  capitis — m.
Externa,  dentium,  Tapetum alveoli—m. Farcimi-
nalis, Allantois—m. Fenestrae rotundae, see Fe-
nestra— m. Filamcntosa, Decidua reflexa—m.
Flocculenta,  Decidua — m.  Fo>tum  involvens,
Amnios—m. Fusea, see Sclerotic
  Membra'na Granulo'sa, Gran'ular membrane
or layer, (F.) Membrane granulense,  Couche cel-
luleuse (Coste).    A  layer of yellow, granular
matter, which lines the inner layer of the Graa-
fian  follicle, and is regarded by Kb'lliker as epi-
thelium.
  Membrana  Humoris Aquei, see Aqueous hu-
mour— m. Interspinalis, Interspinal ligament —
m.  Intestinalis,  Allantois—m.  Jacobi.  Tunica
Jacobi—m. Jacobi Arnold, see Iris—m. Limitans,
see Iris — m. Liraitans Pacini, see Iris— m. Lin-
gua, see Tongue—m. Macilentior, Epiploon, gas-
trohepatic—m. Mucosa, Decidua, see Membrane—
m. Nervorum, Neurilemma—m. Nictitans, Valvula
semilunaris—m. Olfactoria, Pituitary  membrane
— m. Ossis, Periosteum — m. Ovi  materna, De-
cidua— m.  Ovuli  corticalis, Oiocalymma — m.
Pellucida, Amnios — m. Pigmenti, see Iris — in.
Pinguedinosa, see  Cellular membrane — in. Pin-
guis  intestinorum,  Mesentery—m.  Pituitaria,
Pituitary membrane,  see  Membrane — m. Pitui-
tosa, see Membrane—m. Pleuretica, Pleura— m.
Praeexistens, Decidua—m.  Propria, Basement
membrane, and Folliculi  Graafiani, see  Cortex
ovi—m. Pupillaris, Pupillary membrane.
  Membra'na Putam'inis, (putamen, 'a shell or
husk.')   Pellic'ula Ovi.  The  membrane adhereot
to the inner surface of the eggshell. — Putamen
seu Testa Ovi.
  Membrana Retiformis Chorii, Decidua reflexa
—ra. Ruyschiana,  Choroid (inner layer.)
  Membrana Sacciform'is.  A separate synovial
membrane for the inferior radio-cubital articula-
tion, which covers the upper  surface ofthe trian-
gular ligament,  and the sort of incomplete ring
which circumscribes the head of the ulna.
  Membrana Semipellucida,Caligo—m.Serosa,
Membrane (serous) — m.  Sinuosa, Decidua —m-
Subcostalis, Pleura—m. Succingens, Diaphragm,
Pleura.
   Membrana  Testae,  Shell  membrane.  The 
MEMBRANACEOUS         5
 membrane that lines the shell of the bird's egg:
 —a simple membrane.
   Membrana Thoracem Intersepiens, Media-
 stinum—m. Tympani,  see Tympanum—in. Tym-
 pani secundaria,  see Fenestra—m. Urinaria, Al-
 lantois—in. Uteri interna evoluta,  Decidua—m.
 Uvea, Uvea—in.  Vasculosa  cerebri, Pia mater—
 m. Yasorum Communis, Endangium—m. Verricu-
 luris, Retina.
   Membra'na  Versicolor.  A peculiar  mem-
 brane— according  to  Mr.  Fielding, of Hull —
 situate immediately behind the retina, and  in
 connexion with it.  It is separable into distinct
 layers  from  the choroid,  and  is supplied with
 blood-vessels.
   Membrana Wachendorfiana, Pupillary mem-
 brane.
   MEMBRANACEOUS, Membranous.
   MEMBRANE,  Membra'na,  Hymen, Meninx,
 E/ien'dyma, Pan'nicle.   A  name given to differ-
 ent thin organs, representing a species of supple,
 more or less elastic, webs ; varying in their struc-
 ture and vital properties, and intended, in gene-
 ral, to absorb or secrete certain fluids; and to
 separate, envelop, and form other organs.  Bi-
 chat has divided the membranes into simple and
 compound.
   Simple membranes comprise three orders.  1. A
 Mucous membrane, Membra'na muco'sa seu pitui-
 to'sa seu pituittlria, Phleg'mymen,  Phlegmat'hy-
 men, Membrane folliculeuse (Ch.), is so called, on
 account of the  mucous fluid  by  which  it is
 constantly lubricated.  Mucous  membranes line
 the canals, cavities, and hollow organs, which
 communicate  externally by different  apertures
 on  the skin.   Bichat refers  them to two  great
 divisions—the gastro-pulmonary, and the genito-
 urinary.  The mucous membranes have a striking
 analogy with the cutaneous  tissue, in  organiza-
 tion, functions, and diseases. They are composed
 of chorion, papillae, and  epidermis; and are fur-
 nished with a multitude of follicles, which secrete
 a viscid humour,—mucus.  They receive a quan-
 tity of arterial vessels,  veins,  lymphatics, and
 nerves.  2. The Serous  membranes,  Membra'na
 sero'sa, M.villeuses simple (Ch.), are transparent,
 thin, and composed of  one lamina.   One surface
 adheres to other textures;  the  other is smooth,
 polished, and moistened by a serous fluid.   They
 are arranged — in the form  of sacs without aper-
 tures— as great, intermediate reservoirs for the
 cxhalant  and  absorbent systems, in which the
 seruus fluid, in  passing from one system, tarries
 some time before it enters the other.  The serous
 membranes resemble  the areolar membrane in
 structure and diseases.   They facilitate the mo-
 tion on each other of the organs which they en-
 velop.  They may  be  divided  into (a) Serous
 membranes, properly so called; as the arachnoid,
 pleura,  peritoneum,  and tunica vaginalis,   (b)
 Synovial membranes  or capsules; which belong
 to joints, tendons, aponeuroses, Ac.  These mem-
 branes— mucous and serous — are constituted of
 similar layers—epithelium, basement membrane,
 condensed areolar tissue; nnd a looser form of
 areolar tissue, termed submucous in one case,—
 subserous in the  other.   3.  Fibrous  membranes,
 Membranes albugineuses (Ch.)  These are almost
 nil continuous, and terminate at the periosteum—
 their common centre.   They have been divided
 into two sections.  1.  Enveloping  aponeuroses,
 Aponeuroses of insertion.  Fibrous capsules of the
 jdnts,  and Fibrous sheath  of tendons.  2.  The
 Periosteum, Dura mater, Sclerotica, Tunica  albit-
 gniea testis, Fibrous membrane of the spleen, Ac
 The fibrous membranes are not free or moistened
 by any particular fluid.  They  adhere  by both
surfaces to the neighbouring parts ;  are firm, re-
sisting, but slightly clastic, and of a white colour;
1    MEMBRANES ALBUGINEUSES
 sometimes pearly and glistening.  Their vessels
 are numerous, in some, as in the dura mater and
 periosteum;  in others, scarcely perceptible, as in
 the  aponeuroses.   The  presence  of  nerves has
 never been proved, although several  circumstan-
 ces, regarding their sensibility, render their ex-
 istence probable.   The fibrous membranes serve,
 in general, to augment the solidity of tbe organs
 which  they  envelop; to retain the muscles  in
 their respective positions; to favour the motion
 of the limbs, and that of the  muscles and skin ;
 to form canals and rings for  the  passage of dif-
 ferent organs, Ac.
   Bichat admits three species of Compound Mem-
 branes.   1. The Sero-fibrous,  formed of a serous
 and fibrous lamina, intimately adherent to each
 other; — as the pericardium, dura mater, and tu-
 nica albuginea.  2. The Sero-mucous, formed of
 a serous and mucous lamina;—as the gall-bladder
 at its lower  part.  3. The Fibro-mucous, consti-
 tuted of the  union of a fibrous and mucous mem-
 brane; as tAe mucous membrane of the nasal fossa,
 gums, Ac. Chaussier admits  six kinds  of mem-
 branes.   1. The laminated.  See Cellular Tissue.
 2. The serous or simple villous.  3.  The follicular
 or complicated villous. 4. The muscular or fleshy.
 5. The albugineous.  6.  The albuminous.
   Membrane, Accidental, M. false — ???. ^4cc?-
 dentelle, M.  false — m. Adnie, Conjunctiva — m.
 Adventitious, M. false—m. Anhistous, Decidua.
   Membrane, Basement, Primary  or lim'itary
 membrane,  Membra'na  pro'pria.   A   delicate,
 structureless lamella of membrane found beneath
 the epidermis  or epithelium, on all the free  sur-
 faces of the body.
   MEMBRANE  CADUQUE, Decidua— m. Ca-
 duque rejlichie, Decidua reflexa—m. de  Demours,
 see Aqueous Humour, and Cornea—m. de Des-
 cemet, see Aqueous Humour, and Cornea.
   Membrane, False, Accidental  or Adventit"-
 iotts  membrane,  Pseudo-membrane, Pseud'ymen,
 Pseudome'ninx, (F.)  Fausse membrane, M.  acci-
 dentelle.   Membranous productions,  which  form
 on all  the free natural  surfaces, and  on  every
 free  accidental  surface, are  so  called.  They
 are, in  general, produced by the exudation of a
 fibrinous  matter,  susceptible  of  organization,
 which takes place in consequence of inflammation
 of the  various tissues.  These accidental mem-
 branes occur on the skin  after the  application of
 a blister;  on mucous surfaces,  as  in croup;  on
 the parietes  of inflamed  veins and arteries, Ac.
 The cicatrices of wounds are formed of  them.
   Of late, it has been proposed to give  the name
 pseudo-membrane to  fibrinous exudations, which
 are devoid of organization, whilst  neo-mernbrane
 may be applied to such fresh productions as have
 become supplied with vessels and nerves.
   MEMBRANE  FAUSSE, Membrane, false —
 m. Germinal, see  Molecule—m. Granular, Mem-
 brana granulosa—???.  Grannleuse, Membrana gra-
 nulosa—m. Haptogen, see Haptogenous—ra. Pri-
 mary, Membrane, basement—m. Pseudo, M. false
 —ra. Hyaloid, see Hyaloid membrane—ra. Jacob's,
 Tunica Jacobi—m.Limitary, Membrane, basement
 — m. Nasmyth's, see  Enamel — m. Rttyschienne,
 Choroid (inner layer),  Ruj'schiana tunica—m.
 Shell, Membrana testa?— m. du Tympan, see Tym-
 panum— ra.   Virginal,  Hymen — m. Vitellary,
 Zona pellucida — m. Vitelline. Zona  pellucida.
  MEMBRANES ALBUGINEUSES, Mem-
 branes, fibrous, see Albuginea—»»i.  Folliculeuses,
 Membranes, mucous—m. Velouties, Villous mem-
 branes—m. Villeuses simples, Membranes, serous.
  Membranes of the Fcetus, Membra'na feetum
 invoh-eiltcs,  Velamen'ta  infan'tis,  Integumen'ta
 foetus, The membranes.   The  membranes which
immediately envelop the fcetus  in  the cavity of
the uterus, and the rupture of which gives rise 
MEMBRAXEUX
582
MENINGOMALACIA
to tbe discharge of the liquor amnii.  These mem-
branes are the decidua, chorion, and amnion.
  Membranes, The, Membranes of the Foetus.
  MEMBRANEUX. Membranous.
  MEM'BRANIFORM,  Membranifiorm'is, from
membrana. and forma .-—resembling a membrane.
A name  given to thin and flat parts,  which re-
semble membranes.
  Membraniform Muscles.  Very broad  and
thin muscles, as the platysma myoides, obliquus
abdominis, Ac
  MEMBRANOSUS, Fascia lata muscle.
  MEM'BBANOUS, Membrano'sus, Membrana'-
ceus, Hymeno'des, (F.) Membraneux.  Having the
nature of membrane.   Formed of membrane.
  MEMBRANULA, Hymenium—in. Coronae ci-
liaris, see Ciliary—m. Lunata Vaginae,  Hymen—
ra.  Nervorum, Neurilemma—m.- Semilunaris con-
junctivae, Valvula semilunaris.
  MEM'BRANULE, Membrarlula,  diminutive of
membrana, ' a membrane.'  A small membrane.
  MEMBRE, Membrum—m.  Viril, Penis.
  MEMBRO'SUS, Membra'sior, Mentula'ttts, Mu-
tonia'tus, Nasa'tus, vnldc Mentula'ttts, Fascino'-
sits, Psolon, (F.) Membra, from  membrum,  'the
male organ.'   One whose penis is very large.
  MEMBRU, Membrosus.
  MEMBRUM.  Artus, Melos, Colon,  a limb,  a
member,  (F.) Mcmbre.   The limbs or extremities
or members of animals are certain parts exterior
to  the body, which are  more or  less apparent,
long, and moveable.  It is  by means of their
limbs, that  animals transport themselves from
one place to another; and that they defend them-
selves, or attack others.  The limbs are arranged
on  each  side  of the trunk, with  which they are
articulated.   In man, they are four in number :
—two upper or thoracic, and two  lower, pelvic or
abdominal.   Also, the male organ.
  Membrum Genitale Virorum. Penis—m. Mu-
liebre, Clitoris — in. Seminale, Penis — m. Virile,
Penis.
  ME MO IRE,  Memory—m. Perte  de, Amnesia.
  MEMORIA  DELETA, Amnesia.
   MEM'ORY,  Memo'ria,  Mneme,  Recorda'tio,
Recordcltus, (F.) Memoire.  The cerebral faculty.
by virtue of which past  impressions are recalled
to  the mind.
   MEMPHITES LAPIS. A sort of stone, found
anciently in the environs of Memphis; which was
esteemed narcotic
   MENAGOGUES, Emmenagogues.
   MENDESION, iEgyptiacum.
   MENE, Moon.
   MENECRATIS ACCIPITER, Accipiter.
   MENELCO'SIS, Heleome'nia, from pr,v, 'a
 month,'   and  'eXsiaats, 'ulceration.'    Vicarious
 menstruation  from an ulcer.
   MENES, Menses.
   MfiNESPA US1E, see Menses.
   MENIDRO'SIS.  from  pVv,  'a  month,  nnd
 'thptaats,  ' sweating.'   A  sweating  of menstrual
 blood.—Bock.
   MENFRIGE, see Pistacia lentiscus.
   MENINGARTHROC'ACE, Infiamma'tio mem-
 brana' rum articulatio'nis, Arthromeningi'tis, from
 pnvtyl;,'pevtyyos, 'membrane,' apdpov, 'a joint,'and
 xatos, ' disease.'  Inflammation of the membranes
 of a joint.
    MENINGE. Dura mater.
    MENINGE, Meningeal.
    MENIN'GEAL. Menin'geus, from uvny^, peviy-
 yos, ' a  membrane.'  (F.)  Meninge.  Relating to
 the meninges, or merely to the dura mater.
    Meningeal Apoplexy, see Apoplexy.
    Meningeal Artery, Middle, Arte'ria meniil-
 gca me'dia seu  Sphano-spino'sa seu Dura Matris
 me'dia max'ima seu Sphano-spina'lis, Spinal Ar-
tery, (F.) Arteire miningie moyenne  ou SphCno.
ipineuse, ou  Epineuse, is the  largest  of  tho
branches given  off  by the  internal  maxillary
artery.  It enters  the cranium  by the foramen
spinale, and  distributes  its branches  chiefly to
the dura mater.
  Meningeal Vessels,   Vasa  menin'gea.  The
vessels of the membranes  of the bruin.
  MENIN'GES, Eilnm'ides, Mat ret seu luiohl.
era Cer'ebri,  Omen'ta seu  Velamen'ta eerebrti'lin
from pnvtyt, pnviyyos,  'a membrane.'  The three
membranes  which  envelop  the  brain — Bum
mater. Arachnoid, and Pia muter.
  MENINGETTE, Pia mater.
  MENLNGIITIS, Meningitis.
  MENINGI'NA, (F.) Meningine.  Same etymon.
A  name given  by Chaussier to the  pia mater,
united to the  cerebral layer of the  arachnoid.
  Meningina, Inner  Lamina of the, Pia mater.
  MENINGINE, .Meningina.
  MEN INCITE, CEREBRO-SPINAL, Menin-
gitis, cerebro-spinal.
  MENINGINI TIS,  from meningina, nnd ifi'«,
denoting inflammation. Inflammation ofthe me-
ningina.
  MENINGION, Arachnoid membrane.
  MEJNTINGIS CUSTOS,  Meningophylax.
  MENINGFTE,  Meningitis — m.  Grmiiileiise,
Hydrocephalus internus — in.  Iluchitlienne,  Me-
ningitis, spinal — m.  Tuberculeuse, Hydrocepha-
lus internus.
  MENINGI'TIS,   Meningii'tis,  Encephalitis
peripher'ica seu membrano'sa, (F.) In/In in mat inn
de la membrane sireuse cepliitlo-rachiilicnne, Ml-
ningite, from  meninges, and -itis, denoting inflam-
mation.  Inflammation of the meninges or mem-
branes of the brain.   See  Phrenitis.
  Meningitis Arthritica, Cephalagra.
  Meningitis,  Cer'ebro-Spinal, Myelitis, pete-
chia'lis, Cer'ebral  or  cer'ebro-spinal  typhus, (F.)
Meningite  ceribro-spinal,  Fiivre  cirebro-spiiml,
 Typhus ciribro-spinal.  An alarmingly fatal farm
of  epidemic  fever, which prevailed  in different
countries of Europe, and, also,  in certain portions
of the United States, near the middle of the 19th
century.  It is considered, by Boudin, to consti-
tute the cerebro-spinal form  of the nosological
group of typhus.
   Meningi'tis Granular, Hydrocephalus inter-
nus—m. Hydrocephalica, Hydrocephalus internus
— m.  Infantum,  Hydrocephalus  internus — m.
Membranosa, M. spinaL
   Meningitis Mesencephal'ica.  Inflammation
 of the  meninges of  the medulla  oblongata aiid
 pons varolii  more especially.
   Meningitis Peripherica, M. spinal — m. Po-
 tatorum, Delirium tremens — m.  Rachidian, M.
 spinal—m. Scrophulous, Hydrocephalus internus.
   Meningitis, Spinal, M. Rachid'ian seu  Spi-
 na'lis seu peripher'ica seu membrano'sa, Perimye-
 litis,  Myelo-meningltis,  (F.)  Mimingite raelii-
 dienne.  Inflammation of the  meninges of the
 spinal  marrow.
   Meningitis,  Tubercular, see  Hydrocephalus
 internus — m.  Tuberculosa, Hydrocephalus in-
 ternus.
   MENIN'GIUM. Diminutive of pnvtyl,, pinyy*,
 'a membrane.'  A fine, delicate membrane.   Tbe
 tunica arachnoidea of the brain.
    M E N IN G 0 - CEPHALITIS, Meiiingo-enee-
 phalltis, Ceph' alo-meningl tis, Eucepl,''ulo-mtnni-
 gitis, from pnviy%, pinvtyyos, ' a membrane,' KttpaXli
 'head,' and  itis, a suffix  denoting inflammation.
 Inflammation of the membranes and brain.
    MENLNGO-GASTRIC FEVER, Fever,  gas-
 tric
    MENINGOGASTRTTIS, Fever, gastric.
    MENINGOMALA'CIA, from /i??v.y(, pnviyyn, 
MENINGOPIIYLAX          583                 MENSES
 'membrane,' and  paXaxta,  'softening.'  Soften-
 ing of membranes in general.
   MENINGOPIIYLAX, Custos menirlgis, De-
 presso' rimn, (E.) Di-pressor re,  from pnviyi,, pr\vty-
 yuj, 'a membrane,' tbe dura  mater; and <pvXa%,
 'a preserver.'   An instrument for depressing the
 dura mater, and guarding it from  injury, whilst
 the bone is cut or  rasped.
   MENINGORRIKE'A,  from  pr/viy^,  pnviyyos,
 'membrane,' and peur, ' I flow.'   Effusion of blood
 upon or between the membranes of the  brain.
   MENINGO'SIS.  Same  etymon.  The  union
 of bones  by means of membrane;  e. g. the arti-
 culation of the bones of the cranium in the foetus.
 Meningosis is a variety of Syndesmosis.
   MEN I NCOSYM'PIIYSIS ;  Meniugosyz'iafrora
 pnvtyl;, pnviyyos, ' membrane,'and avpt/>vats, 'grow-
 ing together.'   Adhesion of  or by membrane.
 Adhesion of the membranes of the brain to each
 other, or  to tbe brain.
   MENINGOSYZIA,  Meningosymphysis.
   MENINGU'RIA; from pnvtyl, 'a membrane,'
 and ovpov,' urine.'  The passage of urine contain-
 ing membranous shreds.
   MENINX, Membrane — ra. Choroides,  Pia
 mater—m. Crassa, Dura mater — m. Dura, Dura
 mater—in. Exterior, Dura  mater — in. Interior,
 Pia mater—in. Media, Arachnoid membrane—m.
 Pacheia,  Dura mater — in. Sclera, Dura mater —
 m. Serosa, Arachnoid  membrane—m. Vaseulosa,
 Pia muter.
   MLMISCHESIS, see Amenorrhcea.
   MLNISOI,  Cartilages, interarticular.
   MENISPERMUM ANGULATUM, M.  Cana-
 dense.
   Menisperm'um  Canaden'se,  M. angula'tum,
 Ord.  Menispermaceae,  from  pvvn,  'the moon,'
 and arreppa,  'seed,' in  allusion to the  crescentio
 shape of  the seed.  A  climbing  plant, growing in
 various parts  of the United States.  Said to  be
 used in Virginia as a  substitute for sarsaparilla
 in scrofula, and to be called, in  the West, Sarsa-
 parilla.  It is an  excitant tonic
   Menisper'mum  Coc'cULUS,  M. glaucum, Ana-
 mir'ta Coc'cuius seu panicula'ta, Coc'cuius sube-
 ro'sus. The  systematic name of the plant, the
 berries of which are well known by the  name  of
 Ctie'cidus In'dicus  seu subero'sus, Indian Berries,
 Bucca Piscato'ria, Indian Cockles, Coccus  Irldi-
 cus, Coccula ojficina'riini. Cocci orienta'les, Grana
 Orien'tis, (F.) Cirque du Levant, C. levant.  These
 berries are remarkable for their inebriating and
 destructive quality to fish.  The deleterious prin-
 ciple appears to reside in the kernel, and in the
 active  principle  called Picrotox'ine.   Cocculus
 Indicus has been used in decoction to kill vermin.
 It has, at times, been  added to  beer, by fraudu-
 lent tradesmen, to render  it more inebriating.
   Menispermum Glaucum, M. cocculus—m. Pal-
 matum, Calumba.
   Menisper'mum  Tuberculatum, M.  Verruco'-
 sum,  Coc'culus crispus.   A Chinese  plant, an ex-
 tract from the root of which is  tonic to the sto-
 mach  and bowels, and  possesses  some astrin-
 gency. Dose. 5 to 10 grains.
   The same may be said  of Menisper'mum Cor-
 difv'liiim—the  Goluneha, of Bengal.
   Menispermum Verrucosum, M. tuberculatum.
'   MENOCRYPHIA, Amenorrhcea.
   ME NOLI PS IS, see Menses.
   MENOPAUSIS, see Menses.
   MENOPIIANIA, see Menses.
   MEXoPL YNIA, Menstruation, vicarious.
   MENORRHAG'TA.from pnv, pnros, 'a month,'
 and poyi'vpt, ' to flow fiercely.' Flow of the menses.
 Frequently, the word is used synonymously with
 Uterine hemorrhage or metrorrhagia, or for im-
 moderate  flow  of the menses—profuse menstrua-
 tion, Parame'nia super'flua seu profu'sa, Menor-
 rhag"ia rubra, Catamenio1'rum fluxus immod'icus,
 Menstrua immod'ica. seu super'flua, Menorrhae'a.
   Menorrhagia, Menstruation,  Metrorrhagia —
 m. Alba, Leucorrhoea — m. Difficilis, Dysmenor-
 rhea—m. Erronea, Menstruation, erroneous—m.
 Stillatitia, Dysraenorrhcea.
   MEN0RRHO3'A,  from pnv, pnvos, 'a month,'
 and  pcto,  'I  flow.'  The  ordinary flow of  the
 menses.  Also, too long continuing, or too often
 returning, menstruation.  Menorrhagia.
   MENOSCHESIS, see Amenorrhcea.
   MENOSTASIA, Amenorrhcea.
   MENOSTASIS, from pnv, pnvos, 'month,' and
 araats, 'stasis,' 'stagnation.'  This word, accord-
 ing to some, signifies the retention of the menses
 and their accumulation in the uterus.  According
 to others, it means the acute pain which, in some
 females, precedes each appearance of the menses:
 a pain which has been  presumed to proceed from
 the stasis of blood in the capillary vessels of the
 uterus.
   MENOXEN'IA, Menoxeno'sis,  from pijv,  pnvos,
 'a month,' and fcvos, 'foreign.'   Irregular men-
 struation.
   MENOXENOSIS, Menoxenia.
   MENS, Anima, Intellect.
   MENS A, Trap'eza, 'a table.'  The  upper su-
 perficial part or corona of the jaw teeth.
   MENSES, (pi.  of  mensis, 'a month;') M. Mil-
 lie'bres, Miilie'bria, Mates, Fluxus men'struus seu
 luna'iis, Pro'fiuvium mulie'bre seu geuita'le mulie-
 bre, Consuetu'do menstrua, Catame'nia, Men'strua,
 Emme'nia, Tribu'tum luna're seu men'striium, Pur-
 gatio'nes,  P.  menstrua, Gynacela, Aphedrla,
 Cttrsits men'struus, Hora'a,  Luna'ria, Courses,
 Menstrual fiux, Monthly courses or periods. Flow-
 ers, Turns, Terms, the Reds, Troubles, (F.)  J/ois.
 Regies, Limes, Fhteurs, Affaires,  Flpoques,  Ordi-
 naires, Purgations, Fleurs, Menstrues.  The san-
 guineous  evacuation from  the  uterus.  Sanguis
 menstruus, Malstrital Blood, the  monthly occur-
 rence of which constitutes menstruation or monthly
 illness. The  first appearance of the  menses —
 nienopha'nia — is  usually preceded  by the dis-
 charge of a fluid whitish matter from the vagina :
 by nervous excitement, and by vague pains and
 heaviness in the loins  and thighs; numbness of
 the  limbs,  tumefaction  .and hardness of  the
 breasts, Ac  More or less  indisposition and irri-
 tability also precede each successive recurrence
 of the menstrual  flux.   In temperate  climates,
 each period, men'strual period, preriodns lima'ris,
 ordinarily continues from three to six days; and
 the quantity lost varies  from four to eight ounces.
 The menses continue to flow from the period of
 puberty till the age of  45 or 50.   At the term of
 its  natural cessation,   Menolip'sis, Minespausie
 (Gardanne), Menopau'sis, the flux becomes irre-
 gular; and this  irregularity is  occasionally ac-
 companied with symptoms of dropsy,  glandular
 tumours, Ac,  constituting  the Parame'nia  cessa-
 tio'nis of Good, and what is called the critical
 time or turn or change ofi life;  yet it does  not
 appear that  the  mortality is increased by  it.
 With the immediate causes of menstruation we
 are unacquainted.   We  express  only  our igno-
 rance, when we assert it to depend  upon period-
 icity ;  the  discharge comes from the vessels of
 tbe uterus and vagina,  and differs from ordinary
 blood by its peculiar odour, and by its not coagu-
 lating.  It is  evidently connected with the con-
 dition  of the ovaries, and—it has been  supposed
 —with the periodical discharge of ova from  them.
 It is arrested, as a  general principle, during preg-
 nancy and lactation.  In warm climates, women
 usually begin  to  menstruate early,  and  cease
I sooner than in the temperate regions.  Tbe  quan- 
MENSIUM  RETENTIO        58
4
MENTHA
tity lost is also greater.  In the colder regions,
the reverse of this holds as  a general rule.
  Dried menstrual blood, especially of a woman
in her first menstruation—Sanguis vir'ginis pri-
miiin menstrua'ta—was formerly given internally
as an anti-epileptic.
  Menses  Albi,  Leucorrhoea — m.  Anomalae,
Paramenia — ra. Devii, Menstruation, vicarious
— m. Dolorifici, Dysraenorrhoea — m. Retention
of tbe, see Amenorrhcea—m. Suppression of the,
Amenorrhcea.
  MENSIUM RETENTIO, see Amenorrhcea.
  MENSTRUA, Menses — m.  Alba, Leucorrhoea
— ra. Difficilia, Dysmenorrhcea — m.  Dolorosa,
Dysmenorrhoea — in. Imraodica, Menorrhagia —
m.  Superflua, Menorrhagia.
   MENSTRUAL, Catamenial—m. Flux, Menses
—in. Period, see Menses.
  MENSTRUANT,  Meilstruans,  Menstrna'tus,
from menstrua, 'the  catamenia.'  One subject to
the catamenia.
   MENSTRUATIO  ANOMALA.  Paramenia —
m. Difficilis, Dysmenorrhoea—m. Dolorifica, Dys-
menorrhoea—in. Impedita, see  Amenorrhcea—m.
Per insolitas Vias, Menstruation, vicarious.
   Menstruatio Precox, Premature menstrua-
tion.  Menstruation  occurring  before the  usual
age or time.
  Menstrua'tio Recidi'va. Menstruation, when
protracted beyond the usual age.
  Menstruatio Retenta, Amenorrhcea,  Para-
menia—m. Suppress.-!, Amenorrhcea, Paramenia.
  MENSTRUATION, Menstrua'tio, Chronogyil-
ea, Menorrhag"ia, Fluxus menstrua'lis.  The flow
of the menses.
  MENSTlt UA TION DIFFICILE, Dysmenor-
rhoea— in.  Difficult,  Dysmenorrhoea—111. Labo-
rious, Dysraenorrhoea — m.  Premature, Menstru-
atio pra?cox—rn. Profuse, Menorrhagia.
  Menstruation,  Vica'rious,  is that which  oc-
curs from other parts than  the  uterus.   It is
called Parame'nia erro'ris, Menorrhag"ia  erro'-
vea, Mensinm per alie'na loea excre'tio, M. de'vii,
Aberra'tio men'sium  seu menstriio'rnm, Menstrua'-
tio per insolitas vias, Hamatopla'nia seu Harno-
pla'nia menstrua'lis,  Meuopla'nia, (F.) Deviation
ties  liegles.  Regies  deviees.  At  times,  the  se-
creted fluid has all  the characters of the  men-
strual secretion; at  others,  it appears to be mere
blood.
  MENSTRUATUS, Menstruant.
  MENSTR UEL, Catamenial.
  MENSTRUES. Menses.
  MEN'STRUOUS,  Catamenial.  Also, one af-
fected with the menses or catamenia.
  MEN'STRUUM,  (F.)  Menstrue.   Same  ety-
mon ;—the menstruum being, of old, usually con-
tinued in action for a month.   The monthly dis-
charge of the  female.  The plural, menstrua, is
now, however, always used  for the menses.   The
name was  formerly  given to  every substance
which possesses the property of dissolving others
slowly and with the  aid of heat.  At present, it
is used  synonymously  with   sol vent.   Thus —
water, alcohol, ether, acids, oils,  Ac,  are  men-
strua.
  Menstruum Auri, Nitro-muriatic  acid  — m.
Ventriculi, Gastric juice.
  MENSU'RA  MEDTCA.   A measure  of 48
ounces.
  MENSURATION, Meta'tio,  from  mensura,
'measure.'  Measurement,  Medical  meas'uring.
One of the means used for exploring the state of
the thoracic and other cavities.  It consists in a
comparative  measurement  of  each side of  the
chest, by  means of a riband extended from  the
median line of the sternum to  the spine.  When
effusion exists on  one  side, the measurement is
usually greater than  on the  other.  When, on  the
 other hand, a portion of a lung has  censed, for
 some time, to exert its respiratory functions, tho
 corresponding side of the chest becomes smaller,
 in consequence of the contraction of the pit ura,
 retraction  of the  pulmonary  tissue, and greater
 approximation of the ribs.
    MENTA, Mentha, Penis.
    MENTAGRA,  Mcntulagra,  Sycosis — in. In-
 fantum,  Porrigo lupinosa.
    MENTAGRAPHYTE,   Mcn'tagrnphyte,  Mi-
 cros'poron mentagroph'ytes, from  mentagra,  nnd
 tpvrov, 'a plant.'  A name proposed by M. Gruby,
 of Vienna, for a cryptogamous plant, which he
 considers to produce mentagra.
    MENTAL, Menta'lis,from mens,mentis, 'mind;'
 belonging or relating to the mind, as mental phe-
 norrlentt, mental diseases (Morbi mentilles), Ac.
    In Anatomy,  Mental, Menta'lis,  (F.) Menton-
 nier, signifies  that which  relates to  the chin;
 from mentum, 'the chin.'
    Mental  Ar'tery,  (F.)  Artere  mentoniiiei-e.
 This is given off  by the inferior dental, and issues
 at the mental foramen to  be distributed on the
 lower lip.
    Mental Fora'men, (F.)  Trou mentonnier, An-
 te'rior maxillary  P., is the  outer orifice of the
 inferior  dental canal.   It is situate on the outer
 surface of the lower jaw-bone, opposite the second
 incisor, or the canine tooth, and gives passage to
 the vessels and nerves.
    Mental Fossa, see Fossa,  mental.
    Mental Nerve, (F.) Nerf mentonnier, is fur-
 nished by the inferior dental nerve.  It issues by
 the mental foramen, and is distributed, in nume-
 rous filaments, to the muscles of the lower lip.
    Mental Region, Re'gio menta'lis.  The region
 of the chin.
    MENTHA seu  MENTA  AQUATTCA, (pivBn,
 ptvQa, ptvdos, 'mint.')   M. palus'tris seu hirsn'ttt
 seu rotundifo'lia palus'tris, Menthas'trnm, Sisym'-
 brium menlhiislrum, Balsamus palus'tris, Water-
 mint,  (F.)  Menthe  aquatique,  M.  rouge.  Nat.
 Ord. Labiatae.   This  is less  agreeable than  the
 Mentha viridis, and more bitter and pungent.  It
 is used like spearmint.
    Mentha Balsamea, M. piperita.
    Mentha  Capen'sis,  which grows at the Cape
 of Good Hope, possesses the medical  properties
 of the mints.
    Mentha Cervi'nA, Hart's pennyroyal, Hyssop-
 leaved mint, Ptile'gium cervlniirn,  (F.)  Menthe
 cervine.   Possesses  the properties of pennyroyal,
 but is very unpleasant.
    Mentha Citrata, Melissa.
    Mentha  Crispa, M. hercyn'ica,  Colymbrfern
 minor, Curled  Mint, (F.) Menthe frixsee ou cri-
 pne,  Baume d'ean  d  feuilles ridees.  Possesses
 the properties of peppermint.
    Mentha Gentilis, M. viridis — m. Hercynica,
 M. crispa — m. Hirsuta, M. Aquatica — in. Laevi-
 gata, M. viridis—m. Officinalis, M.  piperita—m.
 Palustris, M. Aquatica.
    Mentha Piperi'ta, M. Piperi'tis seu officina'-
 lis seu bttlsame'n, Peppermint, (F.) Menthe poi-
 vree.  The  odour of this variety is strong and
 agreeable.  Taste, pungent,  aromatic, and pro-
 ducing a sensation of coldness in the  mouth.
 Virtues  depend upon essential oil and camphor.
 It is stomachic  and carminative.   It is chiefly '
 used in the form of essential oil—the oleum men-
 tha  piperita.
    Essence of Peppermint consists  of ol. mentha
 pip.  ^ij, sp.  vin.  rectif., coloured with spinach
 leaves, Oij.   See  Tinctura olei mentha; piperita.
    Mentha  Pulf.'gium, Pulegium, P. rega'le seu
 latifo'Uum, Glechon, Pennyroyal, Pudding grass,
 (Prov.)  Hilwort,  Lurkey-dis'h,  Organ, (¥.) Pon-
 liot.  The oil — O'leum pu/e'gii — possesses the
[ virtues of the plant.  It resembles the  mints in 
MENTIIASTRUM           58
 general in properties.  Amongst  the vulgar, it is |
 esteemed  an  eminenagogue.  Aqua  Pulegii,
 Aqua Mentha pule'gii, Pennyroyal  Water, is offi-
 cinal in the  Edinburgh  and Dublin  Pharmaco-
 poeias.
   Mentha Romana, Balsamita suaveolens, Ta-
 nacetum  balsamita — m. Rotundifolia  palustris,
 M. aquatica—m. Saracenica, Balsamita suaveo-
 lens, Tanacetum  balsamita—m. Sativa,  M. viridis
 —in. Spicata, M. viridis.
   Mentha Vir'idis, M. Sati'va sou vulga'ris seu
 geuti'lis seu  spica'ta  seu ladga'ta, Spearmint,
 (V.)  Menthe  sauvage  ou verle  ou  des jrtrdins,
 Iltiume des jurdins.   Odour strong, aromatic;
 taste warm, austere, bitterish.  Virtues the same
 us those of the peppermint.  The Oleum mentha
 v'niilis is obtained from it.
   Mentha Vulgaris, M. viridis.
   MENTIIASTRUM, Mentha aquatica.
   MESTUE AQUATIQUE, Mentha aquatica
 — m.  Cerrine, Mentha cervina — m.  Coq, Tana-
 cetum  balsamita — m. Crepue, Mentha crispa —
 m. Erissie, Mentha crispa—m. des Jardirts, Men-
 tha viridis — m.  Poirric, Mentha  piperita — m.
 Itomaine, Balsamita suaveolens—m. Rouge, Men-
 tha aquatica—m. Sauvage, Mentha viridis — m.
  Verte,  Mentha viridis.
   MENTTGO, Porrigo larvalis, Sycosis.
   MEX'/'/SME,  from mens, mentis, 'mind.'  Any
 irregular movement of the  mind, whether from
 emotion or a vivid imagination.—Baumes.
   MENTOBICORNEUS, Geniohyoides.
   MENTO-LABIAL, Menio-labia'Us, from ?nen-
 tum, 'the chin,' and labium,  'a lip.'  Under this
 name Chaussier has united the Levator labii  in-
 ferioris, and Quadratus  muscles.   See Depressor
 labii inferioris.
   Mento-Labial Furrow: a transverse depres-
 sion  situate between  the lower lip and the chin,
 which is remarkable for the perpendicular direc-
 tion of tbe hairs  growing upon it.
   MESTON. Mentum.
   MESTOA'NIER, Mental—m.  Labial, Depres-
 sor labii inferioris.
   MENTONNIERE, see Funda.
   MENTULA, Penis — m.  Muliebris,  Cercosis,
 Clitoris—m. Parva, Pipinna.
   MENTULAGRA, Merltagra.  A hybrid word.
 from mcutula, 'the penis,'and aypa,  'a seizure.'
 A convulsive  erection of the mentula or penis;
 such as is said to be sometimes  observed in  eu-
 nuchs.  See Pudendagra.
   MKNTULATUS. Membrosus.
   MENTUM,  Genei'on,  Ge.nl urn,   Anthe'reon,
 'the chin.'  (F.)  Menton.  The inferior and mid-
 dle  part of the face, situate  below the lower lip.
 The chin is formed of skin, areolar tissue, mus-
 cles, vessels,  nerves, and the os  maxillare infe-
 rius.
   MENYAN'THES  TRIFOLIA'TA, Maiyail-
 thes, Minyan'thes, from pr/v, 'a month,' and av&os,
 'a  flower,' because it keeps in  flower about a
 month [?].  Trifio'liiim pa/utto'sum seu aqnalicum
 sen pubis'tre  seu  fihri'num.  Water trefoil, Buck-
 benn, Bogbcan.   Nut.  Ord.  Gentianneeae.  (F.)
 Trifle d'eait  ou des Marais  ou de Castor.  The
 taste is intensely bitter, and is extracted by water.
 It is tonic, anthelmintic, diuretic, cathartic, and,
 in large doses, emetic  In some countries, it is
 used as  a substitute for hops in making  beer.
  Menyan'thes   Verna,  Amerienn   buckbean,
 Marsh trefoil, Water  shamrock,  Bitter  root, has
 similar properties.
  M EOS IS.  Meiosis.
  MEPHITTC,   Mcphilicns,  (F.)  Miphitique ,-
from a  Syriac word,  signifying  'to  blow,  to
breathe.'  Any thing possessed of  an unwhole-
some property; chiefly applied to exhalations.
5    MERCURII CALX  VITRIOLATA
   Mephitic  Acid,  Carbonic acid — m. Air, Car-
bonic acid.
   MEPHITIS,  see  Mephitism — m. Hepatica,
Hydrogen, sulphuretted—m. Inflammabilis, Hy-
drogen—in. Urinosa, Ammonia.
   MEPH'ITISM, Mephitism'us, (F.) Miphitisme.
Same etymon.   Any pernicious exhalation. Me-
phitis  and Mojihe'ta, (F.)  Mofette ou Moufette,
are old names for  azote; and, in general, for all
exhalations  and gases that are unfit for respi-
ration.
   MERACUS, Merus.
   MERAMAUROSIS,  Hypamaurosis.
   MERANiESTHE'SIS, Meranasthe'sia,  from
pcpos, 'a part,' av, 'privative,' and atadriats, 'sen-
sation.'  Insensibility of a part of the body.
   MERATROPHTA, from pepos,  'a  part,' and
arpotpta, ' want of nourishment.'  Atrophy of some
part of the body.
   MERCURE,  Hydrargyrum—m. Bichlorure de,
Hydrargyri oxymurias—m.  Biiodure de, Hydrar-
gyri iodidum rubrum—in. Bromures de, see Bro-
mine—m. Corallin,  Hydrargyri nitrico-oxydum—
in. avec la Craie, Hydrargyrum  cum creta, — m.
Cru, Hydrargyrum — m. Cyanure de, Hydrargyri
eyanuretum—m. Dcntiodure de, Hydrargyri iodi-
dum rubrum—m. Deuto-chlorure de, Hydrargyri
oxymurias — m.  Doux,  Hydrargyri submurias—■
m. Gommeux  de Plenck, Syrupus de mercurio me-
diante gummi—m. Muriate  oxygene de, Hydrar-
gyri oxymurias—m. Oxide tie, cendri, Hydrar-
gyri oxydum cinereum — m. Oxide gris tie, Hy-
drargyri oxydum cinereum—m. Oxide nitriqtte
de, Hydrargyri  nitrico-oxydum—• m. Oxide noir
de, Hydrargyri  oxydum cinereum — hi.  Oxide
rouge de, Hydrargyri oxydum rubrum—m. Peri-
iodure de, Hydrargyri iodidum rubrum—m. Pro-
tiodure de, Hydrargyri iodidum — m.  Protochlo-
rnre de, Hydrargyri submurias—m.  Protoxide, de,
Hydrargyri oxydum cinereum — m. Sous-muriate
de, pricipiti, Hydrargyrum praecipitatum — m.
Sous-sulfate  de,  Hydrargyrus vitriolatus—m.
Sulphure de, noir,  Hydrargyri  sulphuretum ni-
grum— m. Sulphure de, rouge, Hydrargyri sul-
phuretum rubrum.
   MERCU'RIAL, Mercuria'lis, (F.)  Mercuriel;
from mercurius,  ' mercury.'  That which contains
or relates to mercury.  A  preparation  of mer-
cury—Hydrargyr'icum, Hydrargyr'ium.
   Mercurial Erethism, see Erethism—m.Rash,
Eczema mercuriale.
   MERCURIALE ANNUELLE,  Mercurialis—
m.c/e«/Joi*. Mercurialis perennis—m.deChien, Mer-
curialis perennis—m. Vivace, Mercurialis perennis.
   MERCURIA'LIS, Mercuria'lis an'nua,  French
mercury, (F.) Mercuriale annuelle, Foirole, Ram-
berge,  Vignoble ; Class, Dicecia; Order, Ennean-
dria.   It has been  esteemed cathartic, hypnotic
and cosmetic, and has been chiefly used by way
of lavement.   See Chenopodium Bonus Henricus.
   Mercurialis  Humor,  Humor me/aneholicus.
A supposititious  humour  with  the older physi-
cians, out of which  they presumed  that morbi
melancholia' seu mercuria'les arose.
   Mercurialis  Peren'nis,  Cynocram'be, Cani'na
bras'sica, M.  monta'na, M. Sylves'tris, Dog's mer-
cury, (F.) Mercuriale vivace, M. de chien, 31. des
bois.  This plant is  possessed  of  acro-narcotio
properties.
  MERCURIALISMUS, Hydrargyriasis.
  MERCU'RIALIST, 3Iercurialis'ta, from mer-
curius,  ' mercury.'  One inordinately addicted to
prescribing mercury.
  MEIU'URIALIZATION. Same  etymon. The
state of being affected by mercury.  One under
the influence of mercury is said to be  mercu-

  MERCURII CALX VITRIOLATA, Hydrar-
gyrus vitriolatus—m. Deuto-ioduretum, Hydrar- 
MERCURIUS
586
MERORRHEXIS
gyri iodidum rubrum—m. Proto-ioduretum, Hy-
drargyri iodidum—m. Sperma, Hydrargyrus ace-
tatus—m. Terra foliata, Hydrargyrus acetatus.
  MERCURIUS,  Hydrargyrum — m. Acetatus,
Hydrargyrus acetatus — m.  Alkalisatus, Hydrar-
gyrum  cum  creta — m.  Calcinatus, Hydrargyri
oxydum rubrum—m. Causticus flavus, Hydrargy-
rus vitriolatus—m. Cinereus, Hydrargyri oxydum
cinereum—m. Cinnabarinus, Hydrargyri sulphu-
retum rubrum—m. Corallinus, Hydrargyri nitri-
co-oxydum— m. Corrosivus, Hydrargyri oxymu-
rias— m.  Corrosivus ruber, Hydrargyri nitrico-
oxydum— m. Corrosivus sublimatus, Hydrargyri
oxymurias — m. Cosmeticus, Hydrargyrum prae-
cipitatum— m. Dulcis, Hydrargyri  submurias —
m.  Emeticus  flavus, Hydrargyrus vitriolatus —
in.  Gumraosus  Plenckii, Syrupus  de  mercurio
mediante gummi—m. Luteus, Hydrargyrus vitri-
olatus—m. Mortis, Algaroth—m. Niger Moscati,
 Hydrargyri  oxydum cinereum—in.  Nitrosus
calide paratus. see Hydrargyri nitras — m. Nitro-
sus frigore paratus, Hydrargyri  nitras — m. Prm-
cipitatus  corrosivus, Hydrargyri nitrico-oxydum
—  in. Prsecipitatus  niger,  Hydrargyri  oxydum
cinereum—m.  Saccharatus, Hydrargyrum  sac-
 charatum— m.  Solubilis   of  Hahnemann,  see
 Hydrargyri  oxydum cinereum—in. Sublimatus
 dulcis, Hydrargyri  submurias — m.  cum  Sul-
 phure, Hydrargyri  sulphuretum  nigrum — m.
 Terrestris, Polygonum  Hydropiper—ra. Vitae,
 Algaroth—m. Zoticus  Hartmanni,  Hydrargyri
 submurias.
   MERCURY, Hydrargyrum — m. Acetate of,
 Hydrargyrus acetatus — m. Acid  nitrate  of, see
 Hydrargyri  nitras — ra.  Ammoniated, Hydrargy-
 rum  prmcipitatum — m.  Ammonio-chloride  of,
 Hydrargyrum praecipitatum — m. Bichloride of,
 Hydrargyri oxymurias—m. Biniodide of,  Hy-
 drargyri  iodidum rubrum,  see Iodine—m. Bisul-
 phuret of, Hydrargyri sulphuretum rubrum — m.
 Bromide of, see Bromine.
    Mercury  with  Chalk, Hydrargyrum  cum
 cretS,.
    Mercury,  Chloride  of,  Mild, Hydrargyri
 submurias — m.  Compound cerate  of,  Ceratum
 Hydrargyri compositum — m.  Cyanuret  of, Hy-
 drargyri  eyanuretum — m. Deuto-iodide  of, see
 Iodine — m.  Dog's, Mercurialis perennis — m.
 English,  Chenopodium  bonus  Henricus — m.
 French,  Mercurial — ra. Iodide  of, Hydrargyri
 Iodidum — m. Iodide of,  red,  Hydrargyri Iodi-
 dum rubrum.
    Mercury, Iodide of Chloride  of, Iod'idum
 Hydrar'gyri  chlo'n'di,  Hi/drar'gyrum  ioda'tum
 cum  chlorido  mercu'rii, (F.) lodhydrargyrite de
 chlorure  mercureux.  Made  by the reaction of
 iodine on mild chloride of  mercury.  Two iodides
 may be  prepared — the iodide  and  the biniodide.
 Both are violent  irritants: the biniodide,  espe-
 cially, is a  powerful  caustic.   Both have been
 given in scrofula.  The  biniodide is  only used
 externally  like nitrate  of silver  in  scrofulous
 and certain syphilitic ulcerations.  An ointment
 of the iodide  (gr. xv ad adipis  ^ij) is rubbed on
 scrofulous tumefactions.
    Mercury,  Iodo-Arsenite  of,  Arsenic  and
 Mercury, iodide of—m. Muriate of, corrosive, Hy-
 drargyri oxymurias — m.  Muriate of, mild, Hy-
  drargyri submurias — m. Nitrate of,  Hydrargyri
 nitras — m. Nitric oxyd of,  Hydrargyri  nitrico-
  oxydum— m. Oxide of, black or  gray, Hydrar-
 gyri oxydum'cinereum — m. Oxide of, red, Hy-
  drargyri oxydum  rubrum — m.  Oxymuriate of,
  Hydrargyri  oxymurias — m. Periodide  of,  Hy-
  drargyri iodidum  rubrum — m. Phosphuretted,
  Hvdrargyrus phosphoratus — m. Precipitate of,
 white, Hydrargyrum  praecipitatum — m. Proto-
  chloride of, Hydrargyri submurias  — m. Protoio-
 dide of,  see Hydrargyri iodidum, and Iodine—m.
Prussinte of, Hydrargyri eyanuretum —ra. Solu-
ble, Hydrargyri  nitras—in. Subchloride of. Hy.
drargyri submurias — m. Submurinte of, Hydrar-
gyri submurias—m. Sulphuret of, black, Ilydrnr-
gyri sulphuretum nigrum—m. Sulphuret of, red,
Hydrargyri  sulphuretum rebruin.  Realgar — ni.
Sulphuret of, with Sulphur, Hydrargyri Sulphu-
retum nigrum — ra. Supemitrate of.  Solution of,
see Hydrargyri nitras—m. Tartrateof. Uvdrarirvri
tartras—m. Three-seeded, Acnlypha Yirginica.
  Mercury and Arsenic Iodide  of, Arsenio
and Mercury, Iodide  of—in. nnd Quinia, Protn.
chloride  of, Hydrargyri et Quinim Protochlori-
dum.
  MERDA,  Excrement.
  MERDIVOMUS, Copremetus.
  MURDUS, Excrement
  MERE DES  PIANS,  Pian -  m. de  Seigle,
Ergot.
  MEREMPHRANTS,  from ptpos, 'a part,' and
ep<ppa^ts,  'obstruction.'  Obstruction or infarction
of an organ.
  MEBIOUS, Local.
  MEBIDRO'SIS, Sudor partiu'lis sen locn'lin;
from pepos, ' a  part,' and 'tipwais, 'sweating.'  A
partial perspiration.
  MERIMNA. Cura.
  MEBIMNE, Cura,
  ME RIS IE It,  Prunus avium.
  ME1USM0P03DIA VENTRICULI, Sarcina
ventriculi.
  MEROBALANEUM, Bath, partial.
  MEROBALNEUM, Bath, partial.
  MEROCE'LE,  Mi race'le, Mero'ri.r'is,  Meror-
rhex'is, from pnpos,' the thigh,' and snXri,' tumour;'
Hernia crura'lis seu femora'lis. Fem'oral or ernrnl
hernia, (F.) Hernie crurale  ou fimorale.  In  this
hernia,  the viscera  issue  from  the abdomen
through  the crural canal; or through an opening
immediately on the  outer  side of Gimbernat's
ligament, which  gives passage to lymphatic  ves-
sels.  This affection is more frequent in the female
than in  the male,  and  especially  in those  who
have had children.   The tumour,  formed  by
merocele, is generally small, round, and more or
less difficult of reduction.  In  other respects, it
possesses all the characters of hernia.  The neck
ofthe sac has, close on the  outside, the epigastric
artery ;  above, the spermatic cord and spermatic
artery in the  male — the round ligament in the
female;   on the inside.  Gimbernat's ligament;
and below,  tbe pubes. When the obturator artery
arises from the  epigastric, it generally passes on
 the outside of and below the  orifice of the sne;
sometimes,  however,  it  takes a turn above, and
 then to  the inside of the opening.  J. Cloquet
 asserts,  that of 134 cases, in one only did he find
 the epigastric artery  on the inside of the orifice
 of the sac.
    The operation, required in strangulation of this
 variety, may be practised on the  aponeurotic
 opening, by cutting downwards and inwards on
 the side of Gimbernat's ligament.
    MEROCOXALGIA, Coxalgia.
    MEROL'OGY,  Merolog'On, (F.)  Mirohgie,
 from ptpos, 'a part,' and Xoyos, 'a discourse.' The
 branch of anatomy, which treats of tbe elementary
 constituents  of  the  tissues and humours of the
 organism.—Robin and Verdeil.
    MERO'PIA,  from ptpos,  'a part,' and  oi/if,
 'vision.'  A  partial  obscurity  of vision.
    MERORIXIS. Merocele.
    MEBORRIIEU'MA, llheumatis'mus pnrttn'lil
 seu loca'lis seu Membra'rum.  singula'rum ;  from
 pepos, 'a part,' nnd pivpa, ' defluxion, rheumatism.
 Rheumatism affecting  a  part.  Topical or local
 rheumatism.
    MERORRHEXIS, Merocele. 
MEROS
587
MESENTERY
   MEROS, Femur, Thigh.
   MERRY-ANDREW.  An itinerant quack, who
 exposes bis nostrums for sale at fairs and mar-
 kets.  See Charlatan.—So called from Dr. An-
 drew Boorde, who lived  in tbe  reigns of Henry
 YIIL, Edward VI., and Queen Mary,  and who
 was in  the habit of frequenting fairs and markets,
 at which  he harangued tbe populace.
   MERTEN'SIA  YIRGIN'ICA,   Pnlmona'ria
  Yirgiilica,  Virgiiliuii  Cowslip,  Smooth Lung-
 wort ; indigenous.  Family,  Boraginaceae.  The
 plant is mucilaginous, and may be used as a de-
 mulcent.
   MERULIUS, Morchella Esculenta—m. Auri-
 cula, Pe/.iza auricula.
   MERUS, Mera'cns, A'cratos,  'pure, genuine;'
 as Vinum rneriitn, unmixed wine.
   Merus, Eemur, Thigh.
   MERVINE, MALE, Cypripedium luteum.
   MERYCISMUS, Rumination.
   MER YCOLE, see Rumination.
   MEItYCOLOG'TA, from pnpvKata, ' I ruminate,'
 and Xoyos, 'a description.'  Any work  on rumi-
 nation may be so termed.
   MERYPERTROPIITA, from prpos,  'a part,'
 and hypertrophia, ' supernutrition.'  Hypertrophy
 of a part.
   MESA. Genital organs.
   MESARyEUM, Mesentery.
   MESARAIC,  Mesenteric
   MKSEMAR, Mismnr.
   MESEMBRYANTHEMUM COPTICUM, see
 Soda.
   Mesembryan'themum   Crystal'linum,   M.
 fieoi'th's (pcanpppiaut, ' to do at noon,' because its
 flowers expand at midday.)  Diamond ftg-mary-
 gold, fee-plant, (F.) Glaciate,  Crystalline.   Nat.
 Ord. Ficoideas:  a plant common in the neigh-
 bourhood of  Cape Town.  It has been recom-
 mended in  dysuria,  ischuria, and some  other
 affections of tbe urinary organs.
   Mesembryantiiemum Edu'le, and M. acina-
 eifnrme. South African plants, are much  used  as
 domestic remedies at the Cape.  The expressed
 juice of the  leaves acts as an astringent in dy-
 sentery, and as a mild  diuretic.   It is also used
 as an antiseptic gargle in malignant sore throat,
 violent salivation and aphthae, and  as a lotion to
 burns and scalds.
   Mesembryan'themum   Tortuo'sum,   also   a
 South  African plant, is  said  to  possess narcotic
 properties.
   MESENCEPHALE, Medulla oblongata, Pons
 Varolii.
   MpENTERIO, .Vesarn'ic. Mesenter'icus. Me-
 eara'icus,  Mesara'icus, (F.) Misentirique, Misa-
 rniqne;   from  peatvrtptov,  or  ptaapatov,  'the
 mesentery.'   That which  relates or  belongs to
 the mesentery.
   Mesenteric Arteries are two in number, and
 distinguished  into. 1.  The Superior mesenteric,
 which arises from the anterior part  of the abdo-
 minal aorta, below the  coeliac  It immediately
 descends to the  left, forwards, behind the pan-
 creas, and in  front of the third portion of the
 duodenum,—to gain the superior extremity of the
 mesentery, where it makes a long curvature, the
 convexity  of which is turned forwards nnd to the
 left.  Towards the termination of  the ileum,  it
 ends by anastomosing with a  branch of the A.
 colica dextm inferior.  At its concavity, it gives
 off the three Arteria colica- dextra.  which belong
 to the great intestine; and, nt its  convexity, it
 sends off fifteen  or twenty branches, which ore
distributed to  tbe small intestine, after  having
formed numerous arches by their anastomoses.
  2.  The Inferior Mesenteric Artery arises from
the anterior part of the abdominal aorta, an inch
 and a half before its termination.  It descends,
 on the left side, behind the peritoneum; engages
 itself  in  the  substance of  the  iliac  mesocolon,
 forming  a  considerable  curvature, whose  con-
 vexity faces the left side.   AVhen it reaches the
 brim of the pelvis, it passes along the posterior
 separation of  the  mesorectum, and attains tbe
 neighbourhood of the anus, under the name Su-
 perior hemorrhoidal artery.  It gives off no branch
 at its concave part; but,  from  the convex, tbe
 three  Arteria  colica sinistra arise.
   Mesenteric Disease, Tabes mesenterica.
   Mesenteric Glands are the lymphatic  gan-
 glions  of the mesentery.   Through  them, tbe
 chyliferous vessels  pass to the  thoracic  duct.
 Their uses are unknown.   When diseased, nutri-
 tion is interfered with, and  atrophy produced.
   Mesenteric Hernia.  If one of the layers of
 the mesentery be torn by a  blow, whilst the  other
 remains  in its natural  state, the  intestines  may
 insinuate themselves into the aperture, and form
 a kind of hernia.   It is not known during life.
   Mesenteric Plexuses  are furnished by  tbe
 solar  plexus,  and have been distinguished into
 superior  and inferior;  like the mesenteric  arte-
 ries which they accompany.
   Mesenteric or Mesaraic Veins are  two in
 number,  and   belong to the vena porta.   Tbey
 are distinguished into, 1. The Superior mesenteric
 or mesaraic or great mesaraic.  This  trunk re-
 ceives, from above to below and on the right side,
 the three vena  colica dextra  and the Gnstro-
 epiploica  dextra.   Into its left side, the veins of
 the small intestine open.   It passes in front of
 the transverse portion  of  the duodenum;  and,
 behind the pancreas, unites with the splenic vein
 to concur in the formation of the vena porta.
   The inferior or lesser  mesenteric vein corre-
 sponds to the artery  of the  same  name,  and
 opens  into the splenic, near the  union of that
 vein with the  superior mesenteric, and behind the
 pancreas.
   MKSENTERTQUE, Mesenteric.
   MESENTERIITIS, Mesenteritis.
   MESENTERITIS,  Mesenteriltis, Empres'ma
 peritoni'tis mesenter'ica, Enteritis mcscnter'iea,
 Inflamma'tion of the mesentery ,- from ueoevrepiov,
 'mesentery,' and  itis,  denoting  inflammation.
 The pain  is here deeper seated  and more imme-
 diately in the  mesenteric region.   Tbe external
 tenderness is  less  than  in some  of  the other
 varieties of peritonitis.
   MESENTERIUM, Mesentery —m.  Crassum,
 Mesocolon.
   MESENTERON, Mesentery.
   MESENTEROPHTHISIS, Tabes mesenterica.
   MES'ENTERY\   Mesenter'inm,   Mesarai'on,
 Mesara'um, Media'nnrn, Membra'na pinguis in-
 testino'rum, Lactes, Mesen'teron, 3Iesera'um,  Me-
 sora'um, Medium  intesti'num, Epichor'dis; from
 peaos. 'in  the  middle,'  and evrtpov, 'intestine.'
 (F.) 3Iisentlre.  A term in  anatomy, applied to
 several duplicatures of  the peritoneum, which
 maintain the different portions of the  intestinal
 canal in   their respective situations;  allowing,
 however,  more  or  less   motion.   They   are
 formed of two  laminae,  between which  are  con-
 tained  the corresponding portion of intestine and
 the vessels that pass to it,   One  only of these
 duplicatures  has  received  tbe name mesentery,
 properly  so called.   This belongs to the small
intestine,  which it suspends and retains in  situ.
 Its posterior margin, which is  the smallest, is
straight, and  descends  obliquely from  the   left
side of the body  of the second lumbar vertebra
to the  right iliac fossa. . Its anterior margin is
curved, undulating, plaited, and corresponds to
the whole length of  the  small intestine.   The
mesentery contains,  between  the  two laminae 
MESERA
588
MESPILUS
which form it, a number of lymphatic ganglions ;
tbe trunks and branches  of the mesenteric ves-
sels ; the nervous  plexuses accompanying them,
and many lacteals  and lymphatics.
  MESE*RA, Tutia.
  MESER^EUM, Mesentery.    •
  MESERAION, Mesentery.
  ME'SIAL,  from-ptaos,  'in the middle.'   Re-
lating or appertaining to the middle.
  Mesial Plane,  an imaginary />/n»e, dividing
the head, neck, and trunk  into similar halves,
towards right and left.   Every aspect towards
this plane is  mesial;  and every aspect towards
right or left is lateral; every lateral aspect being
dextral or sinistral.
   MESIAMUM, Aniceton.
   MESMER'IC,  Mesmer'icus;  from  Anthony
Mesmer, the great promulgator of animal magnet-
ism.  Relating to  mesmerism or animal magnet-
ism :—as the ' mesmeric state,' ' mesmeric sleep,'
 Ac. Ac.
   MESMERISM, Magnetism, animal.
   MES'MERIST.   A practiser of, or believer in,
 mesmerism.
   MESMERIZATION, Mognetiza'tion. The act
 of mesmerizing.   The state of being mesmerized.
   MES'MERIZED, Mesmeriza'tus, Mag'netized.
 Affected with mesmerism or animal  magnetism.
 When the person is  in a state of ' magnetic  sleep,'
 he is said to be hyp'notized.
   MES'MERIZER, Animal Magneti'zer, Mag-
 neti'zer.  One who practises mesmerism.
   MESMERO-PHRENOLOGY,Phreno-magnet-
 ism.
   MESO, ptaos,  'in  the middle.'  A prefix to
 certain words.
   MESOBREGMATE, see Cranium.
   MESOCJE'CUM, (meso and  cacum).  A name
 given  to a  duplicature  of the  peritoneum, (in
 some persons only,) at the posterior part  of the
 caecum.
    MESOCEPHALE, Medulla oblongata, Pons
 Varolii.
   MESOCHON'DRIAC, Mesochonclri'acus; from
 meso, and %ovopos, 'cartilage.'  A name given by
 Boerhaave to fleshy fibres  situate between the
 cartilaginous rings  ofthe trachea.
    MESOCOL'IC,  Mesoco'licus.   Same etymon
 as the next.   Belonging or relating to the meso-
 colon.
    MESOCO'LON, Mesoco'lum, Mesenter'ium eras-
 sum, from meso, and kwXov, ' the colon.'  A name
 given  to the  duplicatures  of the  peritoneum,
 which fix the different parts of the colon  to the
 abdominal parietes.  It has  received different
 names, according  to its  situation.   The right
 lumbar mesocolon  fixes the ascending colon to the
 corresponding  lumbar  region.   The transverse
 mesocolon arises  from the concave  arch  of the
 colon, and forms a septum between the epigastric
 and umbilical regions.   Its inferior portion  is
 continuous with the mesentery.  The left lumbar
 mesocolon, which  contains the ascending colon, is
 continuous below with the Iliac mesocolon.  The
 last includes between its layers the sigmoid flex-
 ure of the colon, and ends in the mesorectum.
 Under the right  kidney, it is narrow and firm,
 and forms the right lig'ament ofthe colon: at the
 under end of the left kidney,  it forms the left
 lig'ament of the colon.
   'MESOCRANIUM, Sinciput.
    MESOCRANUM, Sinciput.
    MESODERMUM.  Corpus mucosum.
    MESODME, Mediastinum.
    MESODMITIS, from  ptaotpr,, (ptaos, 'middle,'
 and bopos, 'a building.')  'the mediastinum,' and
 itis, 'inflammation.' Mesotachltis, Mediastini'tis,
 Infiamma'tio mediastlni.  Inflammation  of the
 mediastinum.
  MESOEPIDID'YMIS,  from ptaos, 'middle,'
and  e-ittiibvpts,  ' epididymis.'   A  double serous
fold, like  the  mesocolon,  formed  by the tunica
vaginalis passing from the body of the  epididy-
mis, and uniting it to tbe testicle.
  MESOGASTRIUM.  Umbilical region.
  Mesogastrium M'uli.eri.  A portion of mesen-
tery, which  passes from the vertebral column to
the left curvature of the stomach.
  MESOGLOSSUS,  Genioglossus.
  MESOGLOTTUS. Genioglossus.
  MESOGONIUM, Internodium.
  MESOLO'BAR.   Belonging  or  relating  to
the Misolobe or Corpus callo'sum.
  Mesolobar  Arteries, Arte'ria mesolob'ica,
A. cor'jroris callo'si cer'ebri, are the arteries  of
the corpus callosum.
  MESOLOBE, Corpus callosum.
  MESOMER'IA,  from  meso, nnd ptpos,  'tho
thigh.'  The parts  of  the body situate  between
the thisrhs and hips.
  MESOMERION, Perinaeum.
  MESOMPHALUM.  Umbilicus.
   MESOPIILEB'IUM, from meso, and  rftXti/,, 'a
vein;'  Interve'nium.   The  space between two
veins.
  MESOPH'RYON. Glabella, Gabella, Intereil-
ium, Meto'piuni,  Nasal eminence, from meso, nnd
otppva,  'the eyebrows.'   The  part between the
eyebrows.
   MESOPLEURIUM, Intercostal space.
   MESOPLEURIUS, Intercostal.
   MESORJEUM, Mesentery.
   MESOR'CHIUM, from meso, and opx-ts, 'a tes-
ticle.'  A duplicature  of  the  peritoneum, which
supports the testicle in its passage from the abdo-
men into  the scrotum.—Seiler.
   MESORECTUM. A hybrid word ; from  meso,
and rectum, 'the intestine rectum.'  A triangular
reflection, formed by the peritoneum, between the
posterior  surface of  the rectum and  the anterior
 surface of the sacrum.  Between  the two layers
 of which the meso rectum is composed are found
 much areolar tissue, and  the  termination of the
 inferior mesenteric vessels.
   MESOS,  Meso.
   MESOSCEOCELE. Hernia, perineal.
   MESOSCELON.  Perinaeum.
   MESOSCELOPHY'MA, from Mesoscelon,(meso,
 and okcXos,  'leg,') 'perinaeum,' and a)vpa, ' swel-
 ling.'  A tumour ofthe perinaeum.
   MESOTH'ENAR, from ptaos,  and Stvap, 'the
 thenar,'  'the  palm of the hand.'   A  muscle,
 which  carries the  thumb  towards the palm.
 Winslow applied the term to  the abductor  polli-
 cis, united to the deep-seated portion of the flexor
 brevis  pollicis.
    MESOT'ICA, from ptaos, 'middle.'  Diseases
 affecting  the parenchyma.  Pravity in tbe quan-
 tity or quality of the intermediate  or connecting
 substance of organs ; without inflammation,  fever,
 or other derangement of the general health.  The
 first Order, class Eccritica of Good.
    MESOTC3CTITTIS, Mesodmitis.
    MES0T03CIITUM, Mediastinum.
    MESOT030TIUM, Mediastinum.
    MES'PILUS, 3Iespilus Germarlica seu domes'-
 tica.   Ord. Rosacea?.   The medlar, (F.) Nefiier.
 The fruit  (F.) Nlfle, and  seeds of the medlar
 have both been used medicinally :—the  immature
 fruit as an astringent, and the seeds in nephritic
 diseases.  See Crataegus Aria and Sorbus acuparia.
    Mespilus Aria, Crataegus aria—m. Domestics,
 Mespilus, Sorbus domestica—m. Germaniea, Mes-
 pilus—m. Intermedia, Mespilus oxyacantha—m.
 Laevigata, Mespilus oxyacantha.
    MESPILUS  OXYACAN'THA,  31. O.ryrienntlinr'fles
 seu interme'dia sen  lavign'ta, Oxyacantha,  Spina
 alba,  'White  Hawthorn. (F.) Aubepine.   The 
MET A
589         METAMORPHOPSIA
flowers  of this  uncommon European plant are
sometimes used in infusion as a pectoral.
  Mespilus  Oxyacantuoides, Mespilus  oxya-
cantha.
  MET A, ptra,  Meth,'  ptB\  'with,' 'together
with,'  'after,' 'change of form and place.'  A
common prefix to words.   Hence:
  METAB'ASIS,  Tmn'situs,  3fetab'ole,  Meta-
bol'in, Metal'lage,  Metnllnx'is, from  pira(}aivur,
(meta, and /?<iii/w, ' I go,') ' I digress.'  A change
of remedy, practice, Ac—Hippocrates.
  METAB0LE, Metabasis, Transformation.
  METABOLEL'OGY,  Metabolelof'ia; from
ptrafioXri, (meta, and finXXui,) ' change,' and Xoyos,
' a  description.'   A  description  of the  changes
which supervene in the course of a disease.
  METABOLIA, Metabasis.
  METABOL'IC,  Metabolicus,  from  ptrapoXn,
 ■change.'   Appertaining  to  change or transfor-
 mation.
  Metabol'ic Force.  Vis metabol ica.   A term
 employed  by Schwann for the power possessed
 by  living cells of changing the character  of the
 substances brought in contact with them.
  METACARPAL,  Metacarpiilnus,  (F.j Mita-
 earpien.  From  meta,  and Kapnos, 'wrist.'  Re-
 lating or belonging to the metacarpus.
   Metacarpal Artery,  Arte'ria dorsa'lis meta-
 car'jn', arises from the radial, at  the moment  it
 engages itself in the upper extremity of the ab-
 ductor  indicis.  It descends  obliquely upon the
 back of the hand.  Its branches are distributed
 to  the  abductor indicis,  and  the integuments:
 some communicate with the dorsalis carpi.
  Metacarpal  Articula'tions  are those  by
 which the last four metacarpal bones are  united
 together at their upper extremity.
  Metacarpal  Bones, or bones which  compose
 the metacarpus, are five  in number; and  distin-
 guished into first,  second, third,  Ac, beginning
 from the outer or radial  side.   They are articu-
 lated by their superior extremity  with the bones
 of  the second range  of the carpus;  and  by the
 lower with the first phalanges.
  Metacarpal Lig'ament, Infie'rior palmar Lig'-
 ament, is a fibrous band, stretched transversely
 before the inferior extremities  of the last four
 metacarpal bones, which it keeps in their respec-
 tive positions.
  Metacarpal  Phalan'ges  are  the first pha-
langes of  the fingers; so  called, because they
are articulated with the bones of the metacarpus.
  Metacarpal  Range  or row  of the  carpal
hones, (F.) Rangie mitacarpienne dn carpe,  is
the lower  row of carpal bones ; so called because
they are articulated with the bones of the meta-
carpus. It is composed of the trapezium, trape-
loides, magnum, and unciforme.
  METACARPEUS, Abductor metacarpi minimi
digiti.
  METACARPIEA7, Metacarpal — m. du Petit
doigt, Opponens minimi digiti—m. du Pouce, Op-
ponens  pollieis.
  METACARPION, Metacarpus.
  METACARPO-PHALANG-EUS POLLICIS,
Adductor pollicis manus.
  METACAR'PO-PHALAN'GIAN.  Metacarpo-
phtilangia'nus, Mctacarpo-phalangal, (F.) Mita-
carpo-phalangien.  That which belongs to the
metacarpus nnd phalanges.
  Metacarpo-Phalangian or Metacarpo-Pha-
I.anc.al Articulations are formed by the bones
of the metacarpus  and the corresponding pha-
langes.  In these articulations, the bony surfaces
nre  incrusted with  cartilage, covered by a syno-
vial membrane, and kept  in connexion by means
of an anterior and two lateral ligaments.
   METACARPO-PHALANGIEN LA TERAL
 SUS-PALMAIRE,^ ET METACARPO-PHA-
 LANGIEN LATERAL, Interosseus manus.
   METACAR'PUS,  same  etymon  as Metacar-
 pal. Metacar'pion, Poslbrachia'le, Postcar'pium,
 Tortus  mantis, (F.) Mitacarpe.  The part of the
 hand comprised  between the carpus and fingers.
 It is composed of five parallel bones, called metn-
 carpal; forming the back of the hand, externally,
 and the palm internally.
   METACERASMA, Cerasma.
   METACHEIRIXIS, Surgery.
   METACHIRISIS, Surgery.
   METACHIRISMUS, Surgery,
   METACHORESIS, Metastasis.
   METACHYSIS, Transfusion.
   METACINEMA, Metastasis.
   METACINESIS, Metastasis.
   METACONDYLE, see Phalanx.
   METACYE'SIS, from meta, and Kvnais, 'preg-
 nancy ;'  Gravid' itas extra-uteri na  secunda'ria.
 Extra-uterine pregnancy in which the fcetus is at
 first  in the uterus, but  subsequently  in some
 other place.
   METADERMATO'SIS, from meta, and Stppa,
 ' skin.'  A morbid development of the epidermis
 or epithelium.
   METAGEN'ESIS, (F.) Metaginlse, Altern'ate
 genera'tion, from ptra,  and ytvtais, 'generation.'
 A terra, proposed by Professor Owen, to express
 tbe changes  of form, which one animal  species
 undergoes in a  series  of  successively produced
 individuals,  extending  from  the one developed
 from the ovum to that which becomes the imago
 or last perfected individual.  This term  he em-
 ploys in contradistinction to metamorphosis, which
 he restricts to the changes of form undergone by
 one and the same individual.  See Generation,
 alternate.
   METAL, Metal'lum.  From ptraXXaur,  T seek
 after.'   A class  of  simple, combustilde  bodies ;
 distinguished from others by considerable specific
 gravity; a  particular  splendour; almost total
 opacity; insolubility in water; and  the property
 they have of ringing when struck.   Metals have
 no effect, except of a  mechanical  nature, when
 taken into the stomach; unless they have already
 undergone, or undergo  in the stomach, oxidation
 or union with an acid; when, at times,  delete-
 rious compounds may be formed.  Copper cents ;
 half-pence;  quicksilver; lead, have frequently
 been swallowed  in  the metallic state with im-
 punity.   Tin and mercury are the only metals
j prescribed for a mechanical effect;  the former as
 an anthelmintic,—tbe latter, idly enough, in cases
 of fancied intussusception.
   METAL DES CLOCHES, Bell-metal.
   METALLAGE, Metabasis.
   METALLAXIS, Metallage.
   METALLIC VOICE, Tintement mitallique.
   METALLODYN'IA, from  ptraXXov, -a metal,'
 and oovvri, ' pain.'   Pain  owing to the injurious
 influence of n metal—as lead, quicksilver. Ac.
   METALLUM,  Metal — m. Hremat'poeticum,
 ferrum.
   METAMORPH OP'SIA, Phantasmascop'ia,
 Phantasniatoscop'ia,  from ptrapopifrour, (ptra and
 poplin, 'form,') 'I transform, and o\j,ts, 'vision.'
 Sitffn'sio, S. Oeulo'rum seu metamorphop'sis seu
 myo'des. Imagination  (Maitre-Jean);  Crupsia,
 Marmar'yge, Marmor'yge, Mac'ula  ante oc'ulo*
 volitan'tes,  31arau'gia, Oc'uli marmarygo'ties,
 Vis'io phantas'matitm,  Visits defii/ura'tus, False
 sight,  (F.) Berlue.   Aberration of the sense of
 sight, which transmits the image of imaginary ob-
 jects.   This  affection  sometimes  depends on a
 slight opacity in the transparent parts of tbe eye ;
 the cornea, crystalline,  or vitreous humour, when 
METAMORPHOSIS
it  is symptomatic  and of no  consequence.   At
other times, it appears to  be  idiopathic ; and oc-
curs particularly in those  who  have been in the
habit of constantly fixing their  eyes on  very
brilliant or small bodies.  The objects fancied to
be seen are various.  They are sometimes circu-
lar, perpetually moving; or shining, or black spots,
cobwebs, insects, or pieces of wool—when they
are  often  termed  Musca seu  Flocci volt'tan'tes,
(F.) Munches volantes, and the condition Visits
musca'rum, Scotonlata, Suffu'sio  Myo'des, Myio-
deop'sia, Myiodop'sia, Myodeopsia, Myodeso'pia,
 Visits musca'ritm.   These  appea ances sometimes
continue for a few days;  being dependent on the
state of the nerves  of the individual at the time;
or they may exist  for life, and ultimately impair
the sight.   Certain of them change their position,
and appear to be seated in the humours of the
eye, and—it has been supposed—in the vitreous
humour more  especially: hence  the  term e?iro-
hy'aloid musca applied to them.
   If the affection  be symptomatic,  it is of but
little moment.   If idiopathic, and  connected with
any excitement of  the brain, which is not often
the  case, attention  will have to be paid  to that
organ.
   METAMORPHOSIS, see  Metagenesis.
   Metamorphosis Ventriculi Gelatiniformis,
 Gastromalacia,
   METANGISMOS, Decantation.
   METAPEDIUM, Metatarsus.
   METAPHRENON, Dorsum.
   METAPHYTEIA, Transplantatio.
   META PODIUM, Metatarsus.
   METAPOROPCE'A,   3Ietaporopoe'sis,   from
meta, -nopos, ' a  pore,' and  rtoieiv, 'to  make.'   The
 change produced in the  minute pores, in the ca-
pillary extremities  of vessels, — when  they pass
from the morbid to the healthy condition.—Galen.
   METAPTO'SIS, 3Ietasche'inatis'miis, Metasche-
mat'isis.   Mutation,  change; from   ptTairnrrw,
 (ptra,  and  Tttwrw,  'I fall,')  'I  digress.'  Any
 change in the form or seat of a disease.  Trans-
formation.
   METARRH03'A,  Metar-'rhi/sis,  from  meta,
and pew, 'I flow.'   Reflux.   The transfer of a
 disease from without to within, or from one part
 to another.
   METARRHYSIS, Metarrhcea.
   METASCHEMATISIS, Metaptosis.
   MET ASCII EMATISMUS, Metaptosis.
   METASTASIS,  Metachore'sis, Metacine'ma,
 Metacine'sis, from ptdiarnut,  (ptra, and tornpt, ' I
 place,') ' I change place.'   Dispface'ment, Trans-
 it!'tion.  A change in the seat of a disease;  at-
 tributed, by the Humorists, to the translation of
 the morbific matter to a part different  from  that
 which it  had  previously occupied:  and by the
 Solidists, to the displacement of the irritation.
 It has also been used in the same  extensive sense
 as  Metaptosis.  Disputes have  often been  in-
 dulged, whether a  case of metastasis ought not
 rather to be esteemed one of extension of the dis-
 ease.  The phenomena of gout and  acute rheu-
 matism are in  favour of  metastasis occasionally
 supervening.
   Metastasis Lactis, Galactoplania, Phlegma-
 tia dolens.
   METASTATIC, Metastnlicns, (F.)  Met.asta-
 tiqne.   Belonging or relating  to  metastasis.   A
 metastatic crisis is one produced by metastasis:—
 a  metnstntic affection, one caused by metastasis,
 Ac  See Abscess, metastatic
   METASYN'CRISIS, from meta, and avyKpivur,
 (avy. and xptita, 'I choose,'  'I judge.')  Recom-
 posl'tion.   A word employed hy some disciples
of  Asclepiades.  This physician  supposed,  that
all animals are formed by the union  or assem-
blage of atoms.  He designated all bodies by the
0             METATHESIS
 word  ovyKptpara, which signifies  'assemblage.
 TvyKpivta^at,  ' to be  assembled,' was, with hini'
 synonymous with 'to exist;' nnd (5ia«piv£o$.ii, 'to
 separate,'  was, with  him, synonymous  with 'to
 dissolve,' 'to cease  to exist.'   Tbe word 3letasyn.
 crisis was  invented to express the  recnmpnrition
 of bodies  after  their  momentary  dissolution,
 Some have rendered  the word by the Latin Re-
 corpora'tio.
   METASYNCRIT'IC, Metasyncrilicus, Rear.
 poratlvus.  Belonging or relating  to uietnsyncri-
 sis.  A  name formerly  given to  medicines to
 which was attributed the virtue of  producing the
 metasyncrisis  or regeneration of the body, or
 some of its parts.
   Metasyncritic  Cycle meant a  determinate
 series of remedies employed for this  purpose.
   METATARSAL,  Metatar'seus,  (F.) Mitatar-
 sien.  Same etymon  as  metatarsus.  Relating or
 belonging to the metatarsus.
   Metatarsal Artery, Artere sns-mitatai-sienne
 of Chaussier, arises  from the Arteria  dorsa'lis
 Tarsi;  passes transversely over  the  back of the
 foot;  and furnishes, at its  convexity, which is
 anterior,  three branches, called A.  interns'ica,
 dorsa'les Pedis.  These branches are distributed
 in the interosseous spaces.
   Metatarsal Articula'tions are those result-
 ing from  the junction  of the metatarsal bones
 with each  other.  They are strengthened, behind,
 by dorsal  and plantar ligaments; and before, by
 a transverse metatarsal ligament, which is plantar,
 and has the greatest analogy to the inferior trans-
 verse metacarpal ligament.
   Metatarsal  Bones, (F.)  Os mitatarsiens, are
 five in number, and distinguished by their num-
 ber ; first, second, third, Ac, reckoning from the
 outer side.
   Metatarsal  Phalanges  are the first  pha-
 langes  of  the toes;  so called because they are
 united to the metatarsus.
   Metatarsal Row—(F.) Rangie mitatarsiennt
 — of the  bones  of the tarsus, is the  second row,
 or that contiguous to the metatarsus;  compre-
 hending the cuboides and three cuneiform bones:
 some add  the scaphoides.
   METATARSEUS, see Abductor minimi digiti
 pedis.
   METATARSIEN, Metatarsal.
   METATARSO-PHALAN'GTAN, Metotnrso-
 phalangia'nus, Metatarso -phalangal.  Relating
 to the metatarsus and phalanges.
   Metatarso-Phalangian  or Metatarso-fha-
 langal Articulations are  formed by the bones
 of the metatarsus and  the corresponding  pha-
 langes.  They bear the greatest analogy to the
 mctacnrpo-phnlniigirin articulations.
   META  TA RSO  PHA LANG1EN-LA TERAL,
 see Interossei pedis — m. Sous-phnlangien trant-
 versal du premier orteil, Transversus  pedis.
   METATAR'SUS,  Metntar'sium, Metope'dinnr,
 31 etapo'diuni,  Pracor'dinm  seu So'lum pedis,
 Vestitfium  pedis,   (F.)  3/itatarse,  from  ptra,
 ' after,' and rupaos, ' the tarsus.'  That part of the
 foot which is situate  between tbe tarsus nnd toes,
 corresponding with the metacarpus.   It  is  com-
 posed of  five parallel bones; one to each toe.
 Like the  metacarpal bones, they  are developed
 from two  points of ossification.
   METATII'ESTS.  from  ptrarAnpt, (pern, and
 rtdiipt,  'to place,') T  change place.'   Trawpn-
 sil'io.   An operation, by which a morbific agent
 is removed from one place  to another,  where  it
 may produce less  disturbance in the exercise of
 tbe functions :—as, for example, in the operation
 of depressing cataract,  or when calculus in the
 urethra is pushed  back into the bladder.  Also,
I Derivation.
» 
1              METRAUXE
METATIO                5(
  METATTO, Mensuration.
  METATOCTA, from meta, and tokos, 'birth.'
Parturition in a preternatural manner.  Preter-
natural labour.
  M ETA TO PTOSIS, Diadexis.
  METENSOM VTOSIS, Incorporation.
  MKTEORISMUS, Sublimation. Tympanites.
  METEOROL'OGY, M el enrol oif'ia,  from  pt-
Ttwiws, (meta, and aaopeto,  'I lift up,') 'a  meteor,'
and Xoyos,  'a discourse.'   The science, whose ob-
ject is a knowledge  of the origin, formation, ap-
pearance,  Ac of meteors.  The state  of the at-
mosphere  has  a  most  important bearing upon
the health of  animals.   Every epidemic  affec-
tion  has  its causes seated  there.   Meteorolo-
gical conditions have, hence, ever been attended
to by  the physician for the  purpose of  de-
tecting the precise  character  of  any particular
epidemic influence.  The barometer, thermometer,
and hygrometer are the instruments used with
this intent—to detect, as well the varying weight
or pressure, and the  temperature, as the moisture.
Perhaps, of the three conditions,  the  last exerts
more influence in  the production  of disease than
either of the others.  Our knowledge, however,
of this part of  physics is extremely limited  and
unsatisfactory.
   METER, ptrpov, 'a measure.'  A suffix to words
denoting ' a measure,' as  in Barometer, Plexime-
ter. Ac.
   M ETII.  A prefix to terms.  Same signification
as Meta,
   METILEMACHYMIA, Transfusion.
   METII  E'MATA ; from meth, and 'aipa, 'blood.'
The capillary or intermediate system of vessels in
which  the blood undergoes  the  change  frora
venous  to arterial,  and  conversely. — Marshall
Hall.   See Capillary vessels.
   METHE, Temulentia.
   METHEGLIN, Melizoraum.
   METIIEMERINUS, Quotidian.
   METHOD, 3Ieth'odus, from meth,  and  'oSos,
'way.'  This word  has different  acceptations in
the sciences.   In  medicine,  curative  method,
rneth'odus  ineden'di,  is the methodical treatment
of disease.
   Method of Counting,  Method, numerical—m.
Mariano's, see Lithotomy.
   Method, Numerical, 3Iethod of  Observation
or of Counting, of Louis, (F.) 3lethode  nnmirique,
consists in observing every case and every symp-
tom of a ease numerically, so as to ensure, as far
as practicable, accuracy  of  observation; and to
enable us, by the analysis and collation of such
facts,  to  deduce  general laws and  conclusions.
Also, the application of numbers to the study of
disease.  See Statistics, medical.
   METUODE  NUMERIQUE,  Method, nume-
rical. Statistics,  medical — m. Pertttrbatrice, Per-
turbatrix  (Medicina)—m.  Stibio-dermique, see
Unguentum antimonii.
   METHODIUS, Methodists.
   METIIODIQUES, Methodists.
   METH'ODISTS,  Method'ieal sect,  Method'ics,
(F.)  Methodistes, 3/itliotliques.  Same  etymon.
A sect of physicians whose doctrine was in vogue
after that of the Empirics and  Dogmatists,  to-
wards the end  of the first century.   According
(■> the  Methodists,  of whom Themison was the
i .n'ef. almost every  disease is dependent on con-
traction or relaxation — stdcttim  or laxum.   To
these two  causes, they  added a third — mixed or
compound—to include those  affections  which par-
took of the two characters.  The  doctrine,  me-
dicina method'ica, resembled, in some respects,
that of Brown.
  M E T II0 D 0 L' 0 G V (MEDICAL), Method,,-
log"iit Med'ica, from ptOoSos, ' method,' and Aoyoj,
|  'a discourse.'  A word used, by tbe French more
  especially, to signify method applied to the study
  of  any  science.   Medical  Ilethodo/ogy,  conse-
  quently, means method applied  to  the study of
  medicine.
   METHODUS CATALEPTICA, see Cataleptic
  — m.  Celsiana, see Lithotomy — m.  Curatoria,
  Therapeutics.
   Methodus  Derivato'ria.  The derivative or
  revellent system of treatment.
   Methodus Endermat'ica seu Enderm'ica, see
  Endermic — m., Franconiana, see Lithotomy —
  m.  Guytoniana,  see  Lithotomy — m. Medendi,
  Method  of cure, Therapeutics.
   METHOMA'NIA,  from  pt8v,  'drunkenness,'
  and pavta, ' mania.'  An irresistible desire for in-
  toxicating substances.  Temulentia.
   METHU, see Temulentia, Mine.
   MET1IYLE, HYDRATED OXIDE OF,  Spi-
  ritus pyroxylicus.
   METHYLENE,  BIHYDRATE OF,  Spiritus
  pyroxylicus.
   METH YSIS. Temulentia,
   METHYSM US. Temulentia.
   METHYS'TICUS, from  utdr,,  'drunkenness.'
  That which causes, or pertains to, drunkenness.
   M E T H Y S T 0 P IIY L' L U M G L A U C U M.
  A South African  plant, Nat. Ord. Amyridaceae,
  an  infusion  of whose  leaves is  pleasant to the
  taste, and is used in bronchitis, asthma, and other
  thoracic diseases.  With the  Bushmen and others,
  it is a favourite beverage, and is  called by them
  Boschjesmansthee,  'Bushman's  tea.'  It  is, also,
  chewed.
   3IETIS, Hybrid.
   3IETISSAGE,  Crossing.
   METODONTI'ASIS, from meta, and ooovnaats,
  'dentition.'  Faulty development of the  teeth.
   METOPAGES,  Symphyocephalus.
   METOPANTRA, Frontal sinuses.
   METOPANTRAL'GIA,  from   ptruritov  (ptra,
  and o)\l/, 'the eye') 'the forehead,' avrpov, 'a ca-
  vity,'  and  aXyos,  'pain.'   Pain   in the  frontal
  sinuses.
   M E T 0 P A N T R IT IS, Infiamma'tio si'nunm
  fronta'Uum,  from  metopantra, and itis, denoting
  inflammation.   Inflammation  of  the   frontal
  sinuses.
   METOPION, Bubon galbanum.
   METOPIUM. Mesophryon.
   METOPODYNIA, Neuralgia frontalis.
   METOPON, Front, Frontal bone.
   METOPOS'COPY, 3fetoposcop'ia, from ptrur-rtov,
  (ptra,  and  w-d>, 'the  eye,')  'the  forehead,'  and
  ttKontiv,  'to view.'   The art of knowing the tem-
  perament  and  character of a person by inspect-
  ing the traits of his forehead or  face.  See Phy-
  siognomy.
   METRA, pnrpa, Uterus.
   METRjE. Secundines.
   METR^MORRHAGIA, Metrorrhagia.
   METR^EMORRHO'I'DES, from  metra,  and
  'atpoppotits, 'hemorrhoids.'   Hemorrhoids or va-
  ricose veins at the orifice of the uterus.
    METRAL'GIA, 3Ietrodyn'ia, from metra, and
  aXyos, ' pain.'  Pain in  the uterus.
   METRANjE'MIA,  from  metra, and anamia.
  An anaemic condition of the uterus.
   METRANASTROPHE,  Uterus, inversion of
  the.
   METRANEURYSMUS,  Metreurvsma.
   METRATRE'SIA,  Imperfora'tio" u'teri,  from
  metra, and arpnaia, 'imperforation.'  An unnatu-
  ral closure of the.uterus.
   METRATROPH'IA, from metra, a,' privative.'
  and rpotjrri, 'nourishment.'  Atrophy or want of
  development of the uterus.
   METRAUX'E,  Hypertroph'ia seu  Sarco'sii 
METRECTASIA
5
92           METRORRHAGIA
u'teri, from metra, and av^n, ' increase.'  Hyper-
trophy of the uterus.
  METRECTA'SIA, from metra, and tKraats, ' di-
latation.'   Dilatation of the womb.
  METRELCO'SIS, Metrhelco'sis,  from ??ierra,
and 'iXkos, 'an ulcer.'  Ulceration of the uterus.
  METREMPHRAXTS,  from metra,  and
tptfpaaata, ' I  obstruct.'   Obstruction of the womb
or of the vessels of  the womb — Infarc'tus u'teri.
A name under which some authors have con-
founded chronic inflammation of that viscus, and
the different  degenerations to which it is  exposed.
  METREMPHYSEMA, Physometra.
  METREN'CHYTA, Metren'chytes, from metra,
and tyyuw, 'I inject.'  Injection ofthe uterus.
Substances injected into  the  uterus  are called
Metrerlchyta.
  METREURYrS'MA,  Jfetraneurys'mus,   from
metra, and tvpvs, ' dilated.'  A  morbid dilatation
of the womb.
  METRHELCOSIS, Metrelcosis.
  METRHYMENITIS, see Metritis.
  METRIOPATHI'A, from pcrptos, 'tempered,'
and  iraSos, 'affection.'   State  of an  individual
whose  passions are temperate. •
  METRITIS, from  metra,  and itis, denoting
inflammation.  Febris uterina, Hysterltie, Em-
pres'ma  Hysterl'tis, Infiainma'tio U'teri, Metro-
phlogo'sis, Inflammation ofi the  Uterus or Womb,
(F.)  Infiammation  de  la  matrice.   The charac-
teristic symptoms  of this affection  are : — pain,
swelling, and tenderness  in the  hypogastric re-
gion ;  with heat, pain, and tenderness of the os
uteri;  vomiting,  smallness,  and frequency  of
pulse.   It  occurs most frequently after delivery,
Lochometrltis, when there is  generally suppres-
sion  of  the  lochial discharge.  The  treatment
must be vigorous,—bleeding early, so as  to make
a decided impression ;  followed by a full dose of
opium, fomentations, blisters, Ac
  Acute  inflammation of  the womb, seated in its
internal membrane,Endo-metrltis.Metrhynienltis,
Enmetri'tis, has been called  Infiamma'tio catar-
rha'lis u'teri or Acute  catarrh, (F.)  Catarrhe
tiigu,  of that viscus.  It  is known by  the dis-
charge of a clear, stringy fluid per vaginam; pre-
ceded  by  pains, which,  from  the  hypogastric
region,  shoot  to  the  thighs,  groins,  Ac,  with
more or less  fever.  It requires the antiphlogistic
treatment.    Chronic metritis sometimes succeeds
the acute.  To it  must be referred the indura-
tions, observed in  the  uterus, and many of the
leucorrheal  discharges  to  which   females  are
subject,
  Metritis  Rheumatica,  Metrorrheuma — m.
Septiea, Metrocace—in. Venosa, see  Phlebitis.
  METR0BLENN0RRH03A, Leucorrhoea uteri.
  METROBLENNOZEMIA, Leucorrhoea uteri.
  METROBOTRYTES, Cauliflower excrescence
of the  uterus.
  METROCACE, Metritis sep'tica, from metra,
and kokos, 'evil.'   Putrescency or gangrene  of
the uterus.
  METROCAMPSIS, nysteroloxia.
  METROCARCINO'MA,   Hysterocarcino'ma,
U'teri carcino'ma,  Cancer u'teri, from metra, and
KapKtvurpa, 'cancer.'  Cancer of the uterus.
  METROCAT-ARRHUS, Leucorrhoea uteri.
  METROCELE,  Ilvsterocele.
  METROCELIDES, Nmvus.
  METROCHOLO'SIS, from metra, and XoXos,
'bile.'  Febris puerpera'lis bilio'sa.
  METRODYNIA,  Metralgia.
  METROHjE'MIA, Hypermetrohimie, from me-
tro, and 'atpa,  ' blood.'  Hyperaeinia or conges-
tion of blood in the  uterus.
  METROHEMORRHAGE, Metrorrhagia.
  METROLEUCORRHOGA, Leucorrhoea uteri.
  METROLOXIA, Hysteroloxia.
   METROMALACOMA. Hysteromalacin.
   METROMALACOSIS, llysteroumlacia.
   METROMANIA, Nymphomania.
   METROMY'ZEUS, from metra, nnd pv^, 'I
suck.'  An  exhausting syringe, to be applied to
the os uteri, for exhausting the womb in cases of
amenorrhcea.
   METRONCUS, Hysteroncus.
   METROPARALYSIS, from metra, and mtpa-
Xvats, 'paralysis.'   Paralysis of the uterus.
   METROPATHIA, from metra, and ttados, 'nf-
fection.'  An affection of tho womb.
   METRO-PERITON1TE  PUERPERALE,
see Peritonitis.
   METROPERITONITIS,  from metra,  and
'peritonitis.'  InJlainma'Uo u'teri et  peritona'i.
Inflammation  of  the  uterus  and  peritoneum.
Puerperal Fever.   See Peritonitis.
   METROPHLEBITIS,  from metra, 0a£I/,, <a
vein, and itis, denoting inflammation. Inflam-
mation of the veins of the uterus.
   Metrophlebitis Puerperalis, see Phlebitis
   METROPHLOGOSIS, Metritis.
   METROPHTHI'SIS, Phthisis uterina, from
metra, and tpQua, T consume.'  Consumption from
ulceration of the  uterus — Ulcera seu Helco'sis
u'teri.
   METROPHYMA, Hysteroncus.
   METROPLETHO'RA,  Metryperemia,  from
metra, and 7rA>?0cjpa, 'fulness.'   Congestion or hy-
peraemia of  the uterus.
   METROPOL'YPUS, Hys'tero-polypus,  Poly-
pus  U'teri,  from  metra, and polypus.  Polypus
of the uterus.
   METROPROPTOSIS, Prolapsus uteri.
   METROPTOSIS, Prolapsus uteri.
   METRORRHAGIA, Metramorrhag"ia, Ha.-
morrhagia uterina seu u'teri, Sungiti/lux'tta itte-
ri'nus, San'guinis stillicid'ium ab U'tero,  Fluor
uteri'ni san'guinis, Profiu'vium San'guinis ex u'te-
ro, Hysterorrhag"ia sanguin'ea,  ByHterorrhoe'a,
Hamorrhoe'a uterina  (of  some),  Menorrhag"ia
(of some), Hamntome'tra, Hamatoma'tra, Uterine
Hemorrhage, Hemorrhage from the Womb, 31etro-
hemorrhage,  (F.)  Himorrhagie de la Matrice,
Pertes, Pertes utirines rouges, P. de sang; from
metra, and pnyvvpi, 'I break forth.' An effusion
of blood from  the inner surface  of the  uterus,
either at the menstrual or  other periods; but in
a greater quantity than proper.  Uterine hemor-
rhage may be caused by those influences  which
produce  hemorrhage in  general.  It happens,
however, more  frequently during pregnancy, and
during or after delivery, when  the vascular sys-
tem  of  the  uterus is so circumstanced as to fa-
vour its occurrence more than  at  other periods.
The  termination  of metrorrhagia is usually fa-
vourable.  Should  it, however, be very copious,
or frequently  recur;  or should it happen  to a
great extent after delivery, death may take place
very speedily ; and, in some cases, wihout the dis-
charge  being  perceptible; constituting internal
hemorrhage.
   Uterine hemorrhage may be active or passive;
requiring obviously a different treatment.  The
main management is similar to that of hemor-
rhage in general;—the horizontal posture; acid
drinks; free admission of cool air; cold applica-
tions to the  loins, thighs, and abdomen; injection
of cold water, even of iced water, into the vagina;
plugging the  vagina, so as to prevent the dis-
charge per vaginam, and thus induce a coagulum
in the mouths of tbe bleeding vessels.   Such will
be the special plan adopted where the hemorrhage
has occurred in one not recently delivered. In
uterine hemorrhage after delivery, the same cool-
ing plan must be followed;  but, as the flow of
blood is owing to  the uterus not contracting so 
METRORRHEUMA          59
as to  constringe its vessels,  pressure  must be j
made on tho abdomen to aid this ;  and, if neces-
sary, the hand must be introduced into the uterus
to stimulate it to contraction.  Should the female
be excessively reduced, so as to render the accou-
cheur apprehensive that she may expire from loss
of blood, brandy may be exhibited.   The profuse [
exhibition of opium in such cases  is, at least, a
doubtful plan.
   Transfusion has, at times, been practised as a |
last resource.
   METRORRHEU'MA,  Rhenmatis'mns  U'teri,
Hysteral'gia rheumalica seu catarrha'lis, 3Ietri'-
tis rheniualica,  (F.)  Rhnmntisme  de I'utirus;
from metra, and ptvpa, 'defluxion,' 'rheumatism.'
Rheumatism  of the uterus.
   METRORRHEXIS, Uterus, rupture of the.
   METRORRHEA, from  metra,  and pear,  'I
 flow.'  A protracted discharge of any fluid  from
 the uterus.
   METROSALPINX, Tube, Fallopian.
   METROSCIRRHUS,  Hi/sterosdr'rhus,  Scir-
 rhus seu Citrcino'ma u'teri,  from metra, and okip-
 poj, 'scirrhus.'  Scirrhus  of the uterus.
   METROS*'GLIOMA, Hysteroloxia.
   MET'ROSCOPE, Metroscnp'ium, from metra,
 and anuni.ur, ' to view.'  An instrument, invented
 by M. Nauche, for listening to the  sounds of the
 heart of the  foetus, in utero-gestation, when the
 sounds and movements are imperceptible through
 the parietes of the  abdomen.   The extremity of
 the instrument—the first  notion  of which was
 given to M. Nauche by the stethoscope of Laen-
 nec — is introduced into  the vagina and  applied
  against the neck of the uterus.
   METROSIDEROS GUMMIFERA, see Kino.
    METROSTERE'SIS, from metra, and artpnots,
  'privation.'  Extirpation  of the  uterus.   Want
  of uterus.
    METROSYNIZK'SIS, Hysterosynize'sis, from
  metra, and awtfrats, 'running together.'  Morbid
  union of the uterus to adjacent parts.
    METROTOME, Hysterotomus.
    METROTOMIA, Caesarean section.
    METRYPEREMIA, Metroplethora.
    METRYPER.ESTHESIS, see Uterus, irritable.
    MEU, yEthusa meum.
    MEULIERE,  Molar.
    MEUM,  jEthusa  meum — m.  Anethifolium,
  JEthusa  meum — m. Athamanticum,  iEthusa
  meum.
    MEURTRISSURE, Contusion.
    MEYIUM, Syphilis.
    MEZEA. Genital organs.
    MEZEREON,  Daphne mezereum.
    MEZEREUM  ACETATUM, see  Daphne me-
  zereum.
    MIAMMA, Miasma.
    MIANSIS. Miasma.
    MIARIA, Miasma,
    MIAS'MA, 3Iiasm, piaapa, 'a stain,' frora ptat-
  va. 'I contaminate.' Mianlma,  Mian'sis, 31 in'ria,
  3Iias'mns, Inqiiinamen'tiini, Molyn'sis, Contn'gium.
  The word miasm  has, by  some, been employed
  synonymously with contagion. It  is now used
  more definitely for any emanation, either from
  the bodies of the sick, or frora animal and vege-
  table  substances, or from the earth, especially in
  marshy districts, (3farsh poison. Efflu'vium  pa-
  Ins'tre, Gas pains'tre,  (F.) Intoxication des 3la-
  rais,) which may exert  a morbid influence  on
  those who are exposed to its  action.   To these
  terrestrial  emanations—the Koino-mias'mata  of
 Dr. E. Miller,  of New YTork — tbe Italians give
 the name aria cattiva, but, more commonly, ma-
 laria ('bad air'); a word which has been adopted
 into other languages.  The  deleterious  effluvia,
 originating from the decomposition of matter de-
       3S
MICROPODIA
rived from the human body, have been called by
Dr.  Miller,  leliomias'mata; the epithets  Koino
and Idio being derived respectively from  koivos,
'common,' and tSios, 'personal.'  Of the miasms
which arise either from the animal body or from
the most unhealthy situations, we know, chemi-
cally, nothing.  All that we  do know is, that,
under such circumstances, emanations take place,
capable of causing disease in many of those who
are exposed to their action.
   MIASMAT'IC,  3Iiasmat'icus.   Belonging  or
relating to miasmata.   Sauvages, in his classifi-
cation of diseases according to their etiology, has
a  class  under the  name  Morbi  miasmalid.  A
fever that arises from marshy miasms, is  styled
mala'rious, pallidal, Helop'yra, Helopyr-'etus, Ac.
   MIASMUS, Miasma.
   MIAULANTES, see Convulsionnaire.
   MTCvE PANTS,  see Triticum.
   MICATIO  CORDIS. Svst.de.
   MICHE'LIA  CHAM'PACA,  Champaca, 3fi-
ehelia  Tsjampaca.  Ord.  Magnoliaceae.  An Ori-
ental tree, much prized for the odour and  beauty
of its flowers.  The oily  infusion  of the flowers
is employed in the  Moluccas in headache.
   MICLETA.  A  medicine used by Mesne for
arresting hemorrhage;   perhaps,  according  to
Siebenhaar, from the Arabic, michnata, "proved
by experience."
   MICOSIS,  Frambcesia.
   MICRANATOMIA, see Anatomy.
   MICRANGIA, Capillary vessels.
   MICRENCEPHALIUM, Cerebellum.
   MIORENCEPHALON, Cretinism.
   MICRENCEPHALUM, Cerebellum.
   MICROCEPHALIA, see Microcephalus.
   MICROCEPH'ALUS,  Mikroceph'alus,  3Iicro-
cra'nius, from micros, and  KttpaXri, 'head.'  One
who has a small  head.   A monster having  a
small  imperfect head, or a small  imperfect cra-
nium.  The  condition  is called  .Microcephalia,
 Crnniosteiio'sis.   With some it meaus Idiotism.
   MICROCORIA,  Myosis.
   MI'CROCOSM, 3Iicrocos'mus, from micros, and
 Koapos,  'world.'  A little world.   Some philoso-
 phers  have given  this appellation to man, whom
 they consider as the epitome of all that is ad-
 mirable in the world.  The world they call Ma'-
 crocosm.
   MICROCOSMETOR, Vital principle.
   MICROCOSM'ICA MACHI'NA.   The organ-
 ism of man.
   Microcosmica Scientia, Physiology.
   Microcosmicum  Sal, with the ancients meant
 the salts of the urine,—Sal urlna.
   MICR0C0SMOGRAPHIA, Physiology.
   MICROCOUSTTC, 31 icrocus'ticus, from micros,
 and okovut,  T hear.'  This word, as well  as 3Ii-
 croph'onous,from ptKpos, 'small,'and ipiovn,  'voice,'
 means any thing that contributes to increase the
 intensity of sound—as the speaking trumpet—by
 collecting the sonorous rays.
   MICROCRANTUS, Microcephalus.
   MICROGLOSSIA, from micros,  and yXuraaa,
 'tongue.'  Original smallness of tongue.
   MICROLEUCONYMPH.EA, Nymphaea  alba.
   MICROLOGY, see Microscopy.
   MICROM'ELUS, Hemim'eles, from micros, and
 ptXos,  'a limb.'  A monster having  imperfectly
 developed extremities.
   MICROMMATUS, Microphthalmus.
   MICROPHONOUS,  Microcoustic.
   MICROPHTHAL'MUS, 3/ier,„,,'matiis,  from
 micros, and otpSaXpos, 'eye.'  One who has small
 eyes.  A monster with  two small, or imperfectly
 developed eyes.  A small eye,—Ophthalmid'turn,
 Ophthal'minm.
   MICROPODIA,  Micropus. 
MICROPROSOPUS
r, 94
MILK
  MTOROPROSO'PUS, Aproso'pus, from micros,
and -npoauritov, 'face.'  A monster in which a part
of the face is absent.
  MI'CROPUS,  from  micros, and irons,  'foot.'
One who has small feet.  The condition is called
Micropod'ia.
  MI'CROPYLE, Microp'ylum, from micros, and
TtvXn,  'gate.'  An  opening in the episperm  of
seeds, through which the fecundating pollen en-
ters tbe ovule to  fecundate it.  It has been  sup-
posed, that such a micropyle exists in the human
ovule.
  MICROR'CHIDES,  from micros, and opxn, 'a
testicle.'  They who have very small testicles.
  MICROS, ptspos, -little,' as in
  MI'CBOSCOPY, 31icroscop'ium; from micros,
and  asoin), 'a. view.'  Observation  by the  micro-
scope ; an important agency in the examination
of the healthy and morbid tissues.  A description
of the results of such  observation is 3Iicrog'ra-
phy.   Micrology is often used with the same sig-
nification, and for a treatise  on the  microscope
and  the results of microscopy.
   MICROSOMIA. Nanosomia.
   MICROSPHYCTUS.   Same  etymon as the
next.  One who  has a  small pulse.
   MICROSPHYXTA, from micros, and a^vypos,
'pulse'   Smallness or  weakness of pulse.
   MICROSPORON  AUDOUINI, see  Porrigo
decalvans—m. Furfur,  see Chloasma—m. Menta-
grophytes, Mentagrophyte.
   MICROSTOMUS;  from  micros,  and aropa,
'mouth.'   One who has a small mouth.
   MICROTE'SIA,  Par'tium organica'rum par'-
rilas morbo'sa; from piKporns, 'smallness.'   Mor-
bid smallness of organic parts.
   MK'ROTRAPEZIA, Leptotrophia.
   MICROTRICH'IA;   from  micros,  and  tyf,
'hair.'  Fineness or shortness of hair.
   MICROTROPHIA,  Leptotrophia.
   MICTIO, Micturition — m. Cruenta, Hasmatu-
ria—m. Inopportuna, Enuresis—m. Involuntaria,
Enuresis—in. Sanguinea, Hseuiaturia.
   MICTION. Micturition.
   MICTURIT'TON,  Mic'tio,  Mictus,  Ure'sis,
 Urlasis,  Omiche'sis, (F.)  Jliction,  Action  de
pisser,  from  micturio,  and mingere,  mictum,  'I
make water.' The act  of making water—Ur'uul-
tion.   Also, morbid frequency  of  passing the
water.
   MICTUS, Micturition — m. Cruentus, Hasma-
turia.
   MIDRIFF, Diaphragm.
   MIDWIFE, from mio, 'with,' and pip, 'wife,'
or, from  mis,   'meed,'  'recompense,'  and pip,
'wife.'  Matro'na, Obstet'rix, Hypcre'tria,  Man,
Mans, Mau'tria, Aces'toris, Aces'tris, Aces'tria,
|Sc.) Howdy,  (Prov.)  Grnce-idfie, Ilnndwoman,
Headsiconian, Ilowdy-wifie, (F.) Sage fiemnre, Ac-
coucheuse.  A female who practises obstetrics.
   MIDWrFERY, Obstetrics.
   311 EL, Mel—m. d'Acetate, de Cuivre, Linimen-
tum mruginis—m. Borate. Mel boracis—m.Dipnri,
Mel despumatum—111. Despumi, Mel despumatum
— in. Midicinal, Mellitum — m. 3Iercuriale  coni-
posi, Mellitum de  mercuriali compositum.
   MIEUTER. Accoucheur.
   MIGMA, MMurn.
   MIGRAINE.  Hemicrania.
   MIGRANA. Hemicrania.
   MIGRATION DU  LAMBEAU, see Flap.
   MIKANIA GUACO. Guaco.
   MIKROCEPIIALUS,  Microcephalus.
   31IL, Panicura miliaceum.
   MILFOIL. Achillea  millefolium.
   MILIA IRE. .Miliary, Miliary fever.
   MILIARIA,  Miliary fever —m.  Sudans, Mi-
liary fever—m.  Sudatoria, Miliary fever.
  MILIARIS SUDATORIA, Sudor anglieus,  S
pienrdicus.
  MILTARY,  Milia'ris,  (F.)  Miliaire;  from
milium, ' millet.'  Resembling millet seed—hence
miliary fever, miliary glands, Ac.
  Miliary Fever, Em'phlysis milia'ria, Milia'-
ris, Miliaria, 31.  sudans seu sutlato'ria,  Sini,,,-
S. milia'ris, Pap'ula milia'ris, Exanthe'ma  mili-
aria,   Syn'ochits   miliaria,  Aspre'do  riiilia'crn
Febris milia'ris seu  essero'sa seu  pinicticidu'rii
seu cnlicula'ris seu resicula'ris sou lenticiiltt'ris
seu pitrpurtlte rubra et alba milia'ris, Pitr'pin-n
piicrpera'ruin,  P. milia'ris, Pap'ula sutlo'ria
.Millet seed rash,  (F.) Miliaire, Millot, Pourpre
blanc, 3Iillet.   It  is so called frora the eruption
resembling  the seed  of the milium  or  millet.
Fever, accompanied by an eruption of small, red,
isolated  pimples,  rarely confluent, but  almost
always very numerous, slightly raised above the
skin,  and presenting, at  the end  of 24 hours, a
small  vesicle filled  with a white transparent
fluid;  which quickly dries  up, and separates in
the form of scales.  Miliary fever is now rare, in
consequence of the cooling practice in fevers and
other states of the system.   It is  almost always
brought on by external heat, and hence the pre-
vention is obvious.  The  treatment is simple. It
requires  merely  the antiphlogistic regimen, in
ordinary cases.
   Miliary Glands, Sebaceous glands—m. Gran-
ulations or Tubercles, see Granulation.
   MILII SEMINA, Panicum Italicum.
   MILIOLUM.   Diminutive of milium, 'millet.'
Cenchrid'ion.  A small  tumour on the eyelids,
resembling, in size, a millet-seed.
   MILITARIS HERBA, Achillea millefolium.
   MIL'ITARY, 3Iilita'ris, from miles, militis,(F.)
Militaire, 'a soldier.'   Pertaining to a soldier or
an army—as 'Military medicine,' Medicina mili-
ta'ris, (F.) 3Iidecine militaire; and .Military sur-
gery,  Chirur'gia  milita'ris,  (F.) Chirurgie mili-
taire.   Medicine  and surgery applicable  to the
soldier.
   MILIUM, Grutum,  Panicura miliaceum, see
Hydatid—in. Esculentum, Panicum miliaceum—
in. Indicnm, Panicum Italicum — m.  Panicum,
Panicum miliaceum — m. Solis,  Lithospermum
officinale.
   MILK, Sax. melc, Lac, Gnln, Humor loe'tens,
Latex nlvetts, (F.) Lait.  A  fluid secreted  by the
mammary glands of the females of the mammalia.
The skimmed milk of the  cow, (F.) Lnitde  Vuche,
contains water, caseous matter, traces  of butter,
sugar of milk, chloride  of  sodium,  phosphate,
and acetate of potassa, lactic acid, lactate of iron,
and earthy phosphate.   The cream is formed of
butter, casein, and whey, in  which  there is sugar
of milk and salts. When examined by the micro-
scope, milk is seen to contain a large number of
particles, of irregular  size  and shape, varying
from  Tu'iidtb to gVijjth of  an inch in diameter.
They  consist of  oily matter,  surrounded  by a
delicate pellicle, and are  the milk globules.
   Cow's milk is employed for the  preparation of
cream, butter,  cheese,  whey, sugar of milk, and
frangipane.  It is useful  in a number of cases of
poisoning;  either by acting as a  demulcent, or
by decomposing certain poisons, or by combining
with others so as to neutralize  them.   It is  con-
stantly employed as aliment, nnd may be regarded
as  an emulsion  in  which butter and casein are
found in suspension.  When taken into the sto-
mach, it is  coagulated by tbe  gastric fluids, and
the coagulum is  digested like  any other solid.
The watery parts are absorbed.
   Between  milk,  flour, nnd  blood,  there is great
similarity of composition.   The following tabl*
is given by Dr. Robert Dundas  Thomson: 
MILK                  595            MILLIMETRE
MiVe.
Curd or Casein
Butter.
Sugar.
 Flour.
Fibrin,
Albumen,
Casein,
Gluten,
  Blond.
Fibrin,
Albumen,
Casein,
Colouring
  matter.
Fat,
{sS,   }**-
I-   Do.
Do.
Chloride of potassium,
-----------sodium,
Phosphate of soda,
.------------lime,
.-------------magnesia,
-------------iron,
  From  a  considerable number of experiments,
Messrs.  Deyeux  and  Parmentier class  the six
kinds  of milk, which they examined,  according
to  the following  table, as  regards the  relative
quantity of materials they contain.
Casein.	Butter.	Sugar of Still;.	Serum.
Goat Sheep Cow Ass Woman Mare	Sheep Cow Goat Woraan Ass Mare	Woman Ass Mare Cow Goat Sheep	Ass Woman Mare Cow Goat Sheep
  Milk Abscess, Mastodynia apostematosa.
  Milk, Almond, Emulsio amygdalae.
  Milk and Soda Water.   An  agreeable mode
 of taking  milk  in  cases where it lies heavily on
 the stomach.  Heat, nearly to boiling, a teacup-
 ful of milk ; dissolve in it a teaspoonful of sugar,
 put it into a large tumbler, and pour over it two-
 thirds of a bottle of soda water.
  Milk, Asses', (F.) Lait d'An esse, considerably
 resembles human milk, of which it has the con-
 sistence, smell, and taste : but it contains a little
 less cream, and  more soft, caseous  matter.  It is
 often used by those labouring  under pulmonary
 affections.
  Artificial Asses' 3Iilk may be  made by taking
 gelatin ^ss; dissolving it, by the aid of heat, in
 barley water Oij ; adding refined sugar !|j ; pour-
 ing into the mixture new milk Oj  ; and  beating
 the whole with a whisk.
  It may also be prepared by  dissolving sugar
 of milk t^ij in tepid skimmed coir's milk Oj.
  Milk Blotch,  Porrigo  larvalis — m. Crust,
 Porrigo larvalis.
  Milk,  Ewes', (F.) Lait de Brebis.  It affords
 more cream than cows' milk; but the butter is
 softer.   The caseum, on the contrary, is fatter,
 nnd  more viscid.  It contains  less serum  than
 cow's milk.  The  Roquefort cheeses  are made
 from it.
  Milk Fever,  see  Fever, milk — m. Glass,
 Breast  glass — ra. Globules, see Milk.
  Milk. Goats', (F.) Lait de  Chevre, resembles
 cows' milk:  the butyraeeous  matter, however,
 which enters into  its  composition, is  more solid
 than that of the cow.
  Artificial Gout's 3lilk may be  made by taking
 fresh suet ^j : cutting it into small  pieces: tying
 it in n muslin bag, large enough  to  leave  tbe
 morsels free  from compression ;  nnd boiling in a
 quart, of cow's milk, sweetened with a quarter of
 an ounce <l white sugar candy.
  Used ns a diet in  scrofulous cases, and  also in
phlhi-is.
  Milk. Green, Colostrum.
  Milk, Husian, (V.) Lait  de femme,—contains
more  sugar, milk, and cream, and less caseum,
than cows' milk.   Its composition  differs accord-
ing to the distance of time from delivery.
  MlLK Knot, Gnlacto-gan'glion ;  (F.) Ganglion
laiteitx.  The knots often  observed in the breast
after inflammation of the organ, or for some time
after  the suppression  of the secretion.   They
generally end by resolution.
  Milk Leg, Phlegmatia dolens.
  Milk, Males', Sperm.
  Milk, Mares', (F.) Lait de Jument,—contains
only a small quantity of fluid butyraeeous matter;
a little caseum, softer than that of cows' milk, and
more serum.
  Milk Scall, Porrigo larvalis.
  Milk Sickness, Sick stomach, Swamp sickness,
Tires, Slows,  Stiff joints, Puking fever, River
sickness.  A disease occasionally observed in the
States of Alabama, Indiana, and Kentucky, which
affects both man and cattle, but chiefly the latter.
It is  attributed  in cattle  to  something eaten or
drunk by them; and in man  to the eating of the
flesh  of animals  labouring  under the  disease.
Owing to the tremors that characterize it in ani-
mals, it is called the Trembles.   It is endemic
  The symptoms of the disease  are such as are
produced by the acro-narcotic class of  poisons—
vomiting,  purging,  extreme nervous  agitation,
Ac:  and the  approved indications of  treatment
appear to be—gentle emetics and laxatives, with
quiet, and mucilaginous drinks.
  Milk, Snakes', Euphorbia corollata.
  Milk, Solid'ified.   Milk, to which little less
than  an equal weight of white sugar has  been
added, evaporated to dryness.  When re-dissolved
in water, it has all  the qualities  of fresh  milk,
with the additional quantity of sugar.
  To milk, evaporated to dryness,  MM.  Grimaud
and Calais have given the names Lactoline and
Lacteine.
  Milk Spots, Macula alba. Strophulus.
  Milk Stone, Morochthus.
   Milk, Scgar of,  Sugar of milk.
   Milk op Sulphur, Sulphur praecipitatum—m.
Sweet,  Galium verum.
   Milk Teeth, see Dentition — m. Thrush, Aph-
thae— m.  Vetch,  Astragalus verus — m.  Vetch,
stemless, Astragalus exscapus—in. Weed, Apocy-
num androssemifolium. Asclepias Syriaca, Euphor-
bia  corollata—m.  Weed,  long-leaved,  green,
Acerates longifolia—m. Weed, smooth, Asclepias
Sullivantii — m. Wort, bitter, Polygala  amara—■
m. Wort, common,  Polygala — in. Wort, dwarf,
Polygala paucifolia—ui. Wort, rattlesnake, Poly-
gala,
   MILKWOMAN, Nurse, wet.
   MILKY. Lactic.
   MILL MOUNTAIN. Linum catharticum.
   3IILLEFEUILLE, Achillea millefolium — m.
Aquatique, Phellandrium  aquaticum.
   3IILLE-FEU1LLET, Omasum.
   MILLEFOLIUM, Achillea millefolium.
   MILLEMORBIA  SCROPHULARIA,  Scro-
phularia nodosa.
   MILLEPEDES. Onisci aselli.
   MILLEPERTUIS  ORDINAIRE,   Hyperi-
cum perforatum.
   MILLET, Aphthae, Miliary fever—m. Barbn-
does, Panicum Italicum — in. Common, Panicum
miliaceum — m. Indian,  Panicum  Italicum—m.
des  Oiseaux, Panicum Italicum — m. Ordinaire,
Panicum miliaceum.
   MILLET-SEED RASH, Miliary fever.
   MILLIGRAMME, from  millef'a thousand,'
and ypappa, 'a gramme.'  The  thousandth part
of a gramme:—about 0-0154 Trov grain.
  MILLIGRANA. Herniaria glabra.
  MILLIMETRE,  Millinleter, from  mille,  'a
thousand,'  and  pernor, 'measure.'  The  thou- 
MILL or
596
MISTURA
sandtb part of tbe metre; — equal  to  0-03937
English inch, or about two-fifths of a line.
  311LLOT, Miliary fever.
  MILPHiE, Madarosis.
  MILPHOSIS, Madarosis.
  MILT, Melt, Spleen.
  MILT-LIKE. An epithet for a form of cancer,
characterized by a soft  pale growth, containing
scarcely any blood ; — so called from its resem-
blance to the milt of a fish.
  Milt-Like Tumour, Encephaloid.
  MILTUS, Plumbi oxydum rubrum.
  MILTWASTE, Asplenium.
  MIMOSA CATECHU, Catechu —m.  Cochlia-
carpa, see  Cortex adstringens  Brasiliensis — m.
Leucophlea, see Spirit (Arrack)—m. Nilotica, see
Acaciae gummi — m. Scandens, Cachang-parang
—m. Senegal,  see Senegal,  gum—m. Virginalis,
see Cortex adstringens Brasiliensis.
   MIND, ABSENCE OF, Aphelxia sooors — m.
Abstraction of, Aphelxia  intenta—m. Unsound,
Insanity.
   MINERALTUM,  Antimonium.
   MINER'S  ELBOW.   An  enlargement  of a
 bursa over the olecranon, occurring in such  as
 are in  the habit of leaning much upon  it;  and,
 therefore, often seen in those who work on the
 side in low-roofed mines.
   MIN'I.M, Miilimum,  'the least part or portion.'
 The  60th  part of a fluidrachm.  This  measure
 has been introduced by the London College  of
 Physicians, in consequence of the  uncertainty of
 the size of the  drop, (see Gutta.) The subdivision
 of the wine pint has, accordingly,  been  extended
 to the 60th part of the  fluidrachm;  and  glass
 measures, called  " minim-measures," have  been
 adopted by the London College. The proportion
 between  the  minims and the drops of  various
 fluid preparations is exhibited in  the  following
 table.  The results were obtained by Mr. Durand,
 a skilful pharmacien of Philadelphia, under cir-
 cumstances, as regards the different articles, as
 nearly identical as possible.

 Table of the Number of Drops of different
      Liquids equivalent to a Fluidrachm.
 Acid Acetic, crystallizable........................ 120
 Acid Hydrocyanic (medicinal)..................  45
 --- Muriatic........................................  54
 --- Nitric............................................  84
 -----------diluted (1 to 7) .....................  51
 ---- Sulphuric.......................................  90
 _____________aromatic........................... 120
 _____________diluted (1 to 7)..................  51
 Alcohol (rectified Spirit)........................... 138
 Alcohol, diluted (proof Spirit)................... 120
 Arsenite of Potassa, solution of.................  57
 Ether, Sulphuric.................................... 150
  Oils of Aniseed,  Cinnamon. Cloves, Pepper-
      mint, Sweet Almonds. Olives............... 120
  Tinctures of  Asafoetida, Foxglove,  Guaiac,
      Opium............................................ 120
  Tincture of Chloride of Iron....................  132
  Vinegar,  distilled.....  .............................  78
  --------of Colchicum............................  78
  --------of  Opium (black drop)................  78
  ------—of Squill .................................   78
  Water, distilled......................................  45
  Water of Ammonia (strong).....................   54
    Do.      do.    (weak).......................   45
  Wine (Teneriffe).....................................   78
  -----Antimonial....................................   72
  -----of Colchicum................................   75
  -----of Opium......................................   78

    MINIM'ETER; badly compounded from mi-
  nimum and ptrpov,  'measure.'  An instrument for
 'measuring minims, invented by Mr.  Alsop.  It
  consists of a glass tube, graduated from the coni-
 Minim measure,

Horse, Monarda
cal point into minims; and  having a piston, by
the elevation  of which, fluid may be drawn into
the tube, and by its depression be forced from it.
  MINIM  MEASURE.   A
measure  for the divisions of a
fluidrachm.
  MINIMUM, Minim.
  MINISTER  GYMNASTJE,
Psedotribes.
  MINITIIOSIS, Meiosis.
  MINIUM, Plumbi oxydum
rubrum — m. Graecorum, Hy-
drargyri sulphuretum  rubrum
— m. Puruin, Hydrargyri sul-
phuretum rubrum.
  MINOR HEL'ICIS.  A
muscle situate on the posterior
border of the helix of the ear,
at its commencement  in  the
fossa of  the concha.
   MINORATIVUS, Laxative.
   MINT, COCK,  Tanacetum
balsamita—in. Curled, Mentha
crispa — in.  Cat,  Nepeta-
coccinea and M. punctata—m. Horse, hairy, Ble-
philia hirsuta—m. Horse, Ohio, Blephilia hirsuta
—m. Horse, sweet. Cunila Mariana—in. Hyssop-
leaved, Mentha cervina.
   Mint  Julep.  A drink,  consisting of brandy,
 sugar, and  pounded  ice, flavoured by  sprigs of
 mint.  It is an agreeable alcoholic excitant.
   Mint, Mountain, Monarda coccinea—m. Moun-
 tain, common, Pycnanthemum incanum—m. Pep-
 per,  Mentha piperita—m. Spear, Mentha viridis
 — m. Squaw, Hedeoraa — in. Stone, Cunila Mari-
 ana.
   Mint Tea, Infusum Mentha? viridis.
   Mint, Water, Mentha aquatica.
   MINTHA, Mint.
   MINUTHESTS, Meiosis.
   MINYANTHES, Mcnyanthes.
   MIOSIS, Meiosis.
   MIBLES, Rubeola.
   MIROCELE, Merocele.
   MIRROT. Daucus Carota.
   MISADIR,  Ammoniae murias.
   MISANTIIRO'PIA, Misanthropy, Exuntho'-
  pia, Phyganthro'pia, from ptaos, 'hatred,' nnd
  avSpurnos, ' man.'  Aversion to man and  society:—
  a svmptom of melancholy, and hypochondriasis.
   MISCARRIAGE. Abortion.
   MTSERERE MEL Ileus.
   MTS1IME TEETA, Coptis teeta.
   MISMAR, Mesevrar.  A name given by Avi-
  cenna to a  kind of nodus, which forms on the
  toes as the sequel of contusion  or inflammation
  of those parts.
   MISOPTO'CHUS, from  ptaos, 'hatred,' nnd
  nrtoxos, 'poor.'   That which  has hatred for the
  poor.   The gout has been so called by some, be-
  cause it commonly affects  the rich.
   MISSADAN. Hvdrargyrum.
   MISSTO SANGUINIS. Blood-letting.
   MISSISSIPPI, MINEBAL WATEttS OF.
  Cooper's Well, in Hinds County, four  miles from
  Raymond, and  thirteen from Jackson, is  a sul-
  phuretted saline, the chief constituents being the
  sulphates of soda and magnesia.  Of the solid in-
  gredients upwards of 3 per cent, are of peroxide
  of iron. The waters are chiefly used  in chronic
  gastro-enteric affections.  Ocean Springs, in Jack-
  son County, is an acidulo-sulphureous  chalybeate.
    M1STIO. Mistura.
    MISTLETOE, Viscum  album — m. Yellowish,
  Viscum flavescens.                       ( .
    MISTU'RA, pt(ts. P-ropotisnin, 3fiqma, Mis tie,
  Mix'tio, Mixtu'ra, Mixture;  (F.) Potion, from
  miscere, mixtum,' to mix.'  A mingled compound,
  in  which different ingredients  are contained in
■ 
MISTURA               69"                MITRAL
the  fluid state ;  suspended  or  not by means of
mucilaginous or saccharine matter.  In this sense,
it is synonymous  with  the French Potion.  In
France, however, tbe word  mixture is  more fre-
quently understood to mean a liquid medicine,
which  contains very active substances, and can
only be administered by drops.  A mixture, in
other words, in the  French sense, may be regarded
as a potion deprived of watery vehicle.
  MISTURA, (S.)  A fragrant yellow-coloured
water,  used  as a perfume by the ladies of  Peru.
It is prepared from gillyflower, jasmine, and fior
de  mistela (Talinum umbellatum).   See Campo-
manesia lineatifolia.
  Mistura  Acacia-., Mucilago Acaciae.
  Misitua  A<"lni IIvnitoi van'ici, Mixture ofi
 Prussic acid, Melange pectoral (Magendie).   (3Ie-
dicinal prussic  acid, %), distilled water,  ^xiv,
 pure  sugar, ^ iss.)   A  dessert-spoonful  every
morning and evening, as a pectoral, Ac.
  Mistura  Ammoni'aci, Lac ammoniaci, Mixture
of ammo'niac.  (Ammoniac. 3'j> aqua Oss.   Rub
 the iiuimoniacum : adding the water gradually un-
 til  they are perfectly mixed.  Ph.  U. S.)   Dose,
 i'oss l0 &•
   Mistura  Amygdala-:, Emulsio amygdalae.
  Mistura  Asafce'tiDjE, Lac. asafiotida,  Emul-
 shi uiitihyster'ica, 31ixture of asafiotida, (F.) Lait
 d'usnftitida.  (Assafcetida  fih aqua Oss.   Rub
 together,  adding the  water by degrees. Ph. U.
 S.)  Used where pills cannot be swallowed, and
 as  a glyster in  irritations  during  dentition, and
 in  ascarides.  Dose, f.^ss to f^iss.
   Mistura Asafcetid.e pro Clysmate, Enema
 fcetidum.
   Mistura  Cam'phora;, Aqua camphora (Ph. U.
 S.), Camphor mixture or julep, Mistura campho-
 rn'ln,  Jidn'piurn e camphora seu   camphoratum,
 (F.) Julep camphri. (Camphor.  £ij, alcohol. TTLxl,
 magnes. carb. £iv,  aqua  Oij.  Rub the camphor
 with the  alcohol, and afterwards with  the mag-
 nesia,   add  the  water,  and filter.   Ph.  U. S.)
 Virtues  like those  of  camphor.   See Emulsio
 camphora?.
   Mistura Cornit Usti, Decoc'tum cornu cervi ni
 sen album, Decoction of burnt hartshorn, Mixture
 of  burnt  hnrtshnrn.   (Cornuum ust. ^ij, acacia
 gum. cont. t^j, aqua Oiij.   Boil to  Oij, constantly
 stirring, and strain.   Ph. L.)
   Mistura Creaso'ti. Cre'asote mixture.   (Crea-
 sot., Adtl. acetic, aa TTI xvj, Sp. Junip. comp.,Sy-
 rup., aa. f^j.j; Aqua f^xiv.  Mix the creasote and
 the acid; add gradually the water, and then the
 syrup  and  spirit.  Ph. E.)  A fluidounce con-
 tains a minim of creasote.
   Mistura Cret.e, Potio carbona'tis calcis, 31is-
 tnra creta'cea, Mucila'go cret'ica, Chalk, or Crctil-
 ceous mixture. Chalk julep,  (F.) .Mixture de  Craie.
 (Creta pp.  ,^ss, sacchar., acacia  gum. in  pulv.,
 aa ^jij, aqua cinnam., aqua, aa f ,^iv.   Mix.  Ph.
 U. S.)  Antacid and absorbent.  Dose, fjfj to f^ij.
   Mistura Diabol'ica.  A mixture under this
 name  is  kept  in  military  hospitals for malin-
 gerers.   It is made of  sundry nauseous  ingre-
 dients, as  aloes,  asafoetida, castor,  Ac, and  is
 given  so as to keep up a disagreeable  impression
 on  the gustatory nerves.
   Mistura Emeti'n.k Vomito'ria, Emetic mix-
 ture of emetine.  (Emetine 4 gr.,  orange  flower
 water  ^ij, syrup $*?■; M.)  A dessert-spoonful
 every  half hour  till it acts.
  Mistura Ferri Compos'ita, Compound mix-
ture of iron, (F.) 31ixture de fer composie, Grif-
fith's mixture.  (.Myrrh, cont.,  ,~j.  potassa carb.
gr.  xxv, aqua rosa fjviiss, ferri sulph. in  pulv.,
J^j. sp. lavand. ^ss, sacchar. _~j.    Rub together
the myrrh,  subcarbonate of potassa, and sugar;
then add,  while triturating, the rose-water, spirit
of nutmeg;  and,  lastly,  the sulphate  of iron.
Pour the mixture directly into a glass bottle, and
stop it close.   Ph. II. S.)   It is tonic and einme-
nagogue, and is useful wherever iron is indicated.
  Mistura  Glycyrrhi'za5:  Compos'ita,  Com-
pound mixture  ofi Liq'norice,  Brown  3Iixture,
(Extract.  Glycyrrhiz. pulv., Acacia pulv., Sac-
char., aa ,5ss;  Tinct. opii camphorat. f.^ij ;  17/.-
alitimon. f '£.) ; Spirit, ather. nitric, f.^ss; Aqua
f t^xij.  Ruh the liquorice, gum arabic, and sugar
with the water, gradually poured upon  them ;
add the other ingredients  and mix.  Ph. U. S.)
A popular cough medicine, but not deserving of
being made officinal. Dose,  a tablespoonful or
fgss.
  Mistura  Guai'aci, Mixture of guaiac,  Lac
guaiaci,  Emulsio  gitaiaclna,  Mistura  guaiaci
gummo'sa seu gummi gua'iaci Ber'geri,  Sohltio
guaiaci gummo'sa  seu  resi'na guaiaci  aqno'sa,
(F.) 3Iixture de Guyac.  (Guaiac. g. resin. £\ss,
sacch. pur. 5Jij, mite, acacia gum. (!^ij, aq. cinnam.
f^viij.  Rub the guaiacum with tbe sugar; then
with the mucilage.   Add, gradually, the  cinna-
mon water.   Ph. L.)  Dose, f.^ss to f.^ij.
  Mistura Gummi  Guaiaci  Bergeri,  Mistura
Guaiaci—m.  Hordei,  Decoctum  Hordei composi-
tum—in. Leniens, Looch ex ovo.
  Mistura Moschi, .'/. moscha'ta, Musk  mixture.
(Moschi, acacia gum. contus., sacch. pttrifi, sing.
^j, aq. rosa  f,VJ-   Roh ^ne  musk with tho
sugar;  add the gum, and. by degrees, the rose-
water.  Ph. L.)  Dose, f^ss to fgij.
  Mistura   Scammo'nii,  Scam'mony  Mixture.
Scamnton. gr. vij, Lactis f.^iij.   Triturate to form
an  emulsion.  Ph. E.)   The whole is a cathartic
dose.
  Mistura Spir'itus Vini Gall'ici, Brandy 3flx-
ture.   (Sp.  T7». Gallic, Aq.  cinnam. aa f.^iv;
 Vitel.  ovo. ij ;  Sacchar. ^ss;  01. cinnam. TIT 'j-
M.  Ph. L.)   An  excitant draught  for  the low-
stages of fever.
   Mistura Strych'nias, Jlixture  of strycllnia.
(Distilled water,  t^ij, very pure strychnia, 1 gr.,
white sugar, t^ij ; M.)  Dose, a dessert-spoonful.
   Mistura  Sulphurico-acida,  Elixir   acidum
Halleri—m.  Vulneraria  acida,   Arquebusade,
Eau d'.
   MITCHEL'LA REPENS, Partridge berry.  A
pretty little indigenous trailing evergreen, of the
Cinchona family—Cinchonaceae,—which  flowers
from June to July.   It  has  been considered an
expectorant, emmenagogue, and diuretic;  and has
been prescribed in dropsy and gout.
   MITELLA. Sling.
   MITH'RIDATE,  3Tithrid,ltium,  Mithridal-
icum medicamen'tum, Antitlotnm Mithrida'tiurn,
 Diascin'ci anlid'otus, Confec'tio Darnoc'ratis.  A
very compound electuary, into which entered —
.Myrrh of Arabia, Saffron, Agaric, Ginger, Cinna-
mon, Frankincense,  Garlic, Mustard, Birthwort,
 Galbanum, Castor, Long pepper, Opoponax, Bdel-
lium, Gum Arabic,  Opium, Gentian, Orris, Saga-
penum.  Valerian,  Acacia, Hypericum,   Canary
wine, Honey, Ac.  It was invented by Mithrida-
tes, king of Pontus and Bithynia, and was for-
merly regarded as alexipharmic.  It is little used
at  the present day, and, from its heterogeneous
nature, should be wholly abandoned.
   MIT.HRIDATICUM MEDICAMENTUM, Mi-
thridate.
   MITIGANS, Lenitive.
   MITRA  IIIPPOCRATICA, Bonnet d'Hippo-
crate.
   MITRAL,  3Iitra'lis, from  pirpn.  mitra,  'a
headdress.'   Having the form of a mitre;  resem-
bling a bishop's mitre.
  Mitral Regurgitation, see  Regurgitation.
   Mitral Valves, Val'vnla mitra'les sou Cordis
mitrtlles seu  episcopa'les  seu  bicuspida'les seu
bicuspida'ta.  Two triangular valves at the open- 
MURIUM
59 8    MOFFAT, MINERAL WATERS OF
ing of communication between the left auricle of
the heart and the corresponding ventricle. These
valves are formed by the inner membrane of the
left cavities of the heart; and are retained on the
side of the ventricle by tendinous cords, proceed-
ing from the columna; carneae.  They form a spe-
cies of valve, which permit the blood to pass from
the auricle into the ventricle and oppose its return.
   MITRIUM, Sling.
   3IITTE  (F.), Efftu'vium Latrina'rium.   An
emanation exhaled frora privies, which  strongly
irritates the eyes. It consists of ammonia, united
to the carbonic and hydro-sulphuric acids.
   MIUAMARU, see Arrow poison.
   MIVA, Marmelade.
   MINIS,  Coition, Mistura.
   MIXTIO, Mistura.
   MIXTURA, Mistura.
   MIXTURE, Mistura— m.  Almond,  Emulsio
 Amygdala;—m. of Ammoniac, Misturaammoniaci
 —m. of Asafoetida, Mistura asafoetida?.
   Mixture,   Brandy,  Mistura  spiritus  vini
 Galliei—m. Brown,  Mistura glycyrrhizae compo-
 sita—m. Calmnnte, Looch ex ovo.
   Mixture, Camphor,  Mistura  camphora;—m.
 Chalk, Mistura cretee.
   31IXTURE DE  CRAIE, Mistura cretas —m.
 of Creasote, Mistura creasoti.
   Mixture, Cretaceous, Mistura cretae.
   Mixture of Emetine, (emetic) Mistura eme-
 tina; vomitoria—hi.  de Fer composie, Mistura ferri
 composita—hi. de Qaync, Mistura. Guaiaci.
   Mixtcre, Griffith's, Mistura ferri composita.
   Mixture of Guaiac, Mistura Guaiaci—m. of
 Gum Arabic, see Emulsio Acaciae — in. of Harts-
 horn, burnt, Mistura cornu usti—m. of Iron, com-
 pound, Mistura ferri composita.
    Mixture,  Hope's.  A  mixture recommended
 by Mr. Hope  in diarrhoea  and dysentery.  Itis
 essentially a nitrate of morphia.  Although the
 proposer  employed the acidum  nitrosum of the
 Edinburgh Pharmacopoeia, nitric  acid is gene-
 rally used.  (Acid,  nitros. f^j; Aqua  camphor.
 f gviij ;  Tinct. opii gtt. xl. ;  M.)  Dose, a fourth
 part every three or four hours.
    Mixture  of Liquorice,  Compound, Mistura
 glycyrrhizae   composita—m.  Lithontriptique de
 Durnnde, see Liquor anodynus terebinthinatus—
 in. of Marsh mallows, Decoctum althaea?.
    Mixture, Musk, Mistura moschi—m. Neutral,
 Liquor potassae citratis—m. of Prussic acid, Mis-
 tura acidi hydrocyanici.
    Mixture of Scammony, Mistura scammonii.
    Mixture,  Scudamorr's.   A mixture  recom-
  mended  by Sir C. Scudainore in gouty and rheu-
  matic affections,  and  much  prescribed  in the
  United States. Magnes.  sulph. ^j—^ij  ; Aqua
  mentha f.^x ; Aceti colchic.  ft^j—f^iss; Syrup
  croci f^j ; 3Tagnes. ^ viij, M.  Dose, one, two, or
  three  tablespoonfuls, repeated every two hours in
  a paroxysm  of gout, until from four to six evacu-
  ations are produced in  the twenty-four hours.
    Mixture  of Strychnia, Mistura strychnia; —
  m. de  Whitt, see  Liquor anodynus  terebinthi-
  natus.
    MNEME,  Memory.
    Mneme  Cephal'icum  Bal'samum.    A  very
   compound medicine,  into which entered Balm,
   Lily,  Rosemary, Lavender, Borage, Broom, Roses,
   Violet, Saffron, Thyme, Storax,  Galbanum, Ac.
    MNEMONEUTICE, Mnemonics.
    MNEMON'ICS,  3Ine,non'ice,  3Inemoneiltice,
   Mnemoteclme, (pvrjpri- 'memory;' pvnpovtKos, 'ap-
   pertaining to memory,') from  pvaopat, 'I recol-
   lect.'  The  art of aiding the  memory; and of
   forming, in  some sort, an artificial memory.
    MNEMOTECHNE,  Mnemonics.
     MOANING, from  Sax. maenan, 'to  grieve'
respiration, in which  the  patient utters audiblfl
groans,—moans,  (F.) Gimissemeuts.
  MOBILE, see Saint Augustine.
  MOBIL'ITY, .Mobilitas, from mob'His, eontrne-
tion of ntovibilis, 'that can be moved.' The power
of being moved.   In physiology, great nervous
susceptibility, often joined to a disposition  to con-
vulsion.   Greatly developed excitability.
  MOCCASIN  FLOWER, Cypripedium  acaule,
C. luteum—m. Plant, Cypripedium luteum.
  MOCII'LIA.    Beduction of  a luxated bone;
from pox^os, a lever.
  MOC1ILICUS, Purgative.
  MOCHLISCUS, Lever.
  MOCIILUS, Lever.
  MOCHTHUS. Agony.
  MOCK-KNEES, Crusta genu equina).
  MOD'ELLING PROCESS.  A term proposed
by Dr. Macartney, of Dublin, to signify the mode
in which  wounds  are healed without inflamma-
tion  or suppuration,  by  a  deposit  of  plastic
matter from the surface of the wound, by which
the gap is more rapidly filled,—portion  being laid
upon portion, without waste, after tbe manner of
clay in  the hands of the sculptor; — hence the
term.
   MODI'OLUS, 'the nave of  a wheel.'  Pyr'u-
mis  seu Axis seu  Columella coch'lea.  A hollow
cone in the cochlea of tbe ear, forming a nucleus,
axis, or central pillar, round which  the  gyri of
the cochlea pass.  The modiolus forms the inner
and larger portion of the central pillar,  and is the
cavity seen at the bottom  of the meatus audito-
rius internus.  It lodges a branch ofthe auditory
nerve.   The central portion ofthe modiolus con-
tains a number of minute canals, and is called in
 consequence  Tract its  spira'lis  foraniiniiln'siis.
 Into these tbe  nerves  of the cochlea  enter, and
 pass out at right angles between the bony plates
 forming the zona ossea of the  lamina spiralis, to
 be expanded on the membranous  portion of  the
 lamina.
   Modiolus, Mas, also means  the crown of  the
 trepan.
   MODIRA CANIRAM. Strychnos eolubrina.
   MO'DIUS.   A dry  measure, the third  of an
 amphora, equal to the bushel.—Varro.
   MODUS  OPERAN'DI, 'mode of  operating.'
 This term is applied to  the  general  principles
 upon which remedies act in morbid states of the
 body;—a subject of much interest, although in-
 volved in considerable obscurity.
   The following  classification will convey some
 idea of the ways in which different organs may
 be excited into action.

 1. By actual or immediate contact of the  remedy, and
      by absorption or mediate contact.
 2. By an impulse conveyed by the nerves, through an
      impression made on tbe stomach or elsewhere.
 3. By contiguous or continuous sympathy, or by mere
       proximity or continuity of parts.

    3fOELLE,Uarrow—m. Allongie, Medulla ob-
 longata—m. Epinilre, Medulla spinalis—m. Ver-
  tibrnle. Medulla spinalis.
    M CENT A DENTIUM, Alveoli dentium.
    MCEROR, Athymia.
    MOFETTE, Azote, see Mephitism.
    MOFFAT, MINERAL WATERS OF.  Moffat
  is a village situate about 56 miles S. W. of Edin-
  burgh.  The  water is a cold  sulphureous:  con-
  taining, in a wine gallon, 36 grains of chloride of
  sodium, 5 cubic inches of carbonic acid, 4 of azote,
  and 10 of sulphohydric  acid.   It resembles Har-
  rowgate water in its properties.
    A strong chalybeate  spring  was discovered
  there  about the year 1828, which contains scsqui-
  sulphate of peroxide of iron, sulphate of alumina,
Respireltio luctuo'sa, Mydithis'mos.   A plaintive   and uncombined sulphuric acid. 
MOGIGRAPHIA
599
MOLLITIES
  MOGIGRAPHIA, Cramp, writers'.
  MOGILA'LIA, I'arnlillin, from  poyts,  'with
difficulty,' and XaXetv, 'to speak.'   This word is
inaccurately written by Paul Zacchins,—Mnln'lia,
ami Molihllia.  Difficult or defective articulation.
Impediment of speech.  See Balbuties.
  MOGOSTOCIA, Dystocia, Laborious labour.
  MOG IS,  Agony.
  MOHAWK TASSEL, Eupatorium purpureum.
  MOHRIA THURIF'RAGA.  A South African
fern. A'"'. Ord. Filices, the dry leaves of which,
pulverized and made into  an  ointment with fat,
are serviceable in burns and scalds.
  MOIUNON, Stump.
  MO IS, Menses.
  MOISTURE,  J/r»rfr,r,  (F.)  Mo'itntr, anciently
tnoisteur.  Simple humidity of the skin. Tbe skin
is said to be moist or in a state of moisture, when
there is slight perspiration.
  MOITEI'lt. Moisture.
   MOLA,  Maxillary  bone,  Molar  tooth, Mole,
 Patella.
   MOLAGOCODI, Piper nigrum.
   MOLAIRE, Molar.
   MOLALIA, Mogilalia.
   MOLAR, Mohlris, My'licus, (F.) 3Iolaire, Men-
 Hire.  That which bruises  or grinds :  from mola-
 ris, 'a grindstone,' or  mola, 'a millstone,' (molo,
 'I grind.')
   Molar Glands.   Two small bodies formed by
 a collection of mucous crypts; seated in the sub-
 stance of the cheeks, between the masseter and
 buccinator  muscles, and whose  excretory ducts
 open into tbe mouth opposite the last molar tooth.
   Molar Teeth, Grinders, Jaw Teeth,  Mola'res
 pernianen'tes dentes, Denies molares seu maxilla'-
 res seu  gonlphii sou clnvn'lcs,  3/ola. Gomphioi,
 My'lncri,  Mylodontes,  My'lodi,  Momis'ci, Lag-
 teeth, Wall teeth, (Prov.)  Azzle teeth, Axle teeth,
 Cheek teeth, Wang teeth, (F.) Dents molaires ou
 m&eheliires, occupy  the farther part of each al-
 veolar arch.  Their coronae are broader than they
 nre high : unequal;  tuberculated :  and the roots
 are more or less subdivided.  They are  20 in
 number, 10 in each jaw.   The first two pairs of
 molar teeth in each jaw have been  called lesser
 molares, premo'lar or  bicuspid, Dentes bienspi-
 da'ti seu bucca'les.  The coronae have two tuber-
 cles;  the outer being more prominent and larger
 than the inner.  The root is commonly simple:
 sometimes  bifurcated.   The other three pairs
 have been termed, Great molares—Dentes multi-
 enspidies  (Ch.)   .Their   coronae   are  cubical,
 rounded, and have, at the upper surface,  four or
 five tubercles, separated by  deep furrows.  The
 root is divided into two, three, four, and five fangs,
 which are more or less curved.  The  third great
 molaris appears a long time after the others, and
 hence has been called Dens sapien'tia or Wisdom
 tooth.
   MOLASSES,  Melasses.
   MOLE, Mola,  from moles,  'mass.'  Myle, Ze-
 plii/r'ius /'ictus, Germen fialsnm, Pseudoeye'sis mo-
 laris,  Gravid'itas molaris,  Mooncalfi, old French,
 Fordcau.   A fleshy, insensible, at times, soft—at
 others, bard—mass; of variable and determinate
 size, which  forms in tbe uterus, and is slightly
 united by vessels  to that  organ ;  from which its
 feeble vitality is derived.  It has been conceived
 by some to  be always owing  to imperfect concep-
tion; but moles may form in tbe  undoubted vir-
gin.  They seem to be owing to a  morbid pro-
cess : and certainly are generally connected'with
conception.   At times, they contain parts  of the
foetus: but  commonly do not.  At very different
periods, in  different women,  the diseased mass is
expelled from the uterus, with  ordinary  symp-
toms  of  abortion; una the case requires  similar
management.  See, also, Naevus, and Conception,
(false.)
  MOLE  PLANT, Euphorbia lathyris.
  MOLECULAR, Molecnla'ris.  Of or belong-
ing to molecules or minute portions of any thin<_-.
Hence molecular  death,  in  contradistinction  to
somatic death.
  MOL'ECULE, Molec'nla,  3Iass'ula;  diminu-
tive of moles, 'a mass.'   A minute portion of any-
body.  Also, the cicatric'ula. ma'cu/a, ga/lotu'ro,
gelalinons molecule, tread of the cock, or embryo
part ofthe impregnated ovum, observable by  tbe
microscope before the ovum  has left the ovarium
of the hen.   It lies under the epidermic coats of
the yelk, and upon its proper coat.   If the ovum,
according to Valentin, be lacerated  and its coi-
tents minutely examined, the cicatricula is found
like a grayish white disk, which in its whole  pe-
riphery is dense, granulous, and opake;  but in
the  centre  presents a  clear, nongranulous, and
perfectly diaphanous point.   Purkinje found, that
when he  removed the  dark  granulous  mass  by
suction with a small  tube, there remained a per-
fectly transparent vesicle filled with a pellucid
lymph, which had a decidedly spherical form,
but, being extremely delicate, was easily  lacera-
ted, and then its fluid escaped.  As he found this,
which later naturalists have named—after its  dis-
coverer—the Purhiiljean ves'iele, in tbe ova of tbe
ovary, but could not see  it in ova, which  had al-
ready entered  the oviduct, he gave it the name
germinal vesicle, or germ cell, vesic'ula prolif'ern
seu germinatlvn, (F.) Visicnle germinntive.   Be-
sides a perfectly colourless fluid, this contains one
or  more dark  corpuscles, which appear as a  nu-
cleus  through  the including membrane in  the
shape of  opake spots—the germinal spot, mac'ula
germinal!'va seu  ger'miiians, nu'clens germinal','-
vns.  Blasto-car'dia, Cor'cuhim ger'viinis,  (F.)
 Tache germinatire.  The granulous membrane—
its thickened  portion, the so-called 'cicatricula.'
—and the germinal vesicle, constitute those pans
 of  the ovum  which pass  immediately into  tbe
 original foundation of tbe embryo, tbe blastodec-
 ma or germinal membrane, vesic'ula blastodermal-
 ica, blnstoder'mic vesicle.
   Molecule,  Gelatinous, Molecule.
   MOLENE, Verbascum nigrum.
   MOLES GANGLIFORMIS, Ganglion of
 Gasser.
   MOLTBPUS,  Plumbum.
   MOLILALIA, Mogilalia.
   MOLI'MEN,  pi. Molim'ina,  from molior,  'to
 move or stir,'  An attempt,  a struggle.  Hence:
   Molimen Crit'icim.   An impulsion  towards
 a sudden solution or crisis of a disease.
   Molimen  H.emorrhag"icum.   The  hemor-
 rhagic diathesis  or impulsion.
   Molimen Ha;morriioida'le.   The hemorrhoi-
 dal diathesis  or impulsion.  See Hasmorrhois.
   Molimen Menstriia'le.   The menstrual  dia-
 thesis or  impulsion.
   Molimen Nature Salutarium, Instinct.
   MOLKENKUlt. Whey cure.
   MOLLESCENCE, Mollities.
   MOLLET. Sura.
   MOLLIPUFFS. Lycoperdon.
   MOLLIS MATEB. Pia mater.
   MOLLTT"IES, 31ol/es'cence, Malaeis'mus, 3fol-
 lil'ia, Mollitu'do, Email it"'its,  E. morbo'stt, 3Iol-
 litio, Malax'is, Malaco'sis, 3/althax'is.  (F.)  lta-
mallissement ;  (G.) Malakien  (Fuchs); from
mollis, 'soft.'   Preternatural softness of an organ
or part of an  organ.
   Mollities  Cku'ebht. .Mnlac'sis  Cer'ebri,  En-
cephalomnln'cia, Encephalomalax'is. A eercneepl,'-
ahts (W.  Fiirr),  Ccrcbrnmala'cia, L'ncephalosep'-
eis, 31olles'cence  or softening or a kind of liqtte- 
MOLLITIO                600              MONEYWORT
faction ofi the cerebral substance ; the remainder
preserving its ordinary consistency.  (F.) Ramol-
Ussement du cerveau.  The neurine often contains
small clots of blood, giving rise to what has been
termed Apoplexie capillaire, (Cruveilhier.)   The
symptoms denoting it are equivocal.
  Mollities Cordis, Cardiomalacia.
  Mollities  Medul'l^e  Spina'lis, Myelomata''-
ria.  (F.)  Ramollissement  de  la Moelle Epiniere.
Softening of the spinal marrow.
  Mollities  Os'sium,  3la!acosteo'sis,  3falacos'-
teon, Emollil'ies os'sium, Paros'tia fiex'ilis,  Os-
teomalaco'sis. Osteomalacia,  Rachitis seu  Ra-
chitis adulto'mm, Spina vento'sa (of some), Soft-
ening of the  bones, (F.) Ostio-malacie,  Osteo-ma-
Iixic,  Ostio-malakie, Ramollissement  des os.  A
rare affection, in which  the bones are deprived of
their salts, particularly  of the phosphate of lime,
and consist  only, or mainly, of  gelatin ; hence
they acquire  a  degree  of suppleness which  ren-
ders them unfit for the  performance of their func-
tions.   The  disease  generally  affects all  the
bones; but it is especially remarkable during life
in the long bones, which assume any curvature
that may be wished.  Very violent pain is  often
experienced  in  them ;  and  the  urine frequently
contains  an  enormous  proportion of calcareous
phosphate.   The patient is compelled  to remain
in the  horizontal posture;  the  bones  no longer
being fixed  points  for  the muscles  to act upon.
The  disease  has,  hitherto, always   terminated
fatally, and  dissection  has  exhibited  the gelati-
nous nature of the bones; which, by desiccation,
have become transparent, as if they had been ma-
cerated in acid.
   Experience has afforded no means of relief in
this dreadful affliction.  The alkaline salts, earthy
phosphates. Ac are of  little or no use.
  MOLLITIO.  Mollities.
   MOLLITUDO, Mollities.
   MOLLUS'CUM, Athero'ma,   Ochthi'asis.   A
cutaneous affection, so  called in consequence of
its  resemblance to  certain  molluscous animals.
It consists of numerous tumours, varying in  size
from that of a pea to that of a pigeon's egg, filled
with an  atheromatous matter, which are  de-
veloped in  the substance of the derma, and are
of various shapes, some having  a large base, —
others adherent by means of a pedicle.
   3Iolluscum contagio'sum, (F.) Acne mollusco'ide,
a singular variety, is  characterized  by the pre-
sence  of hard, round, tubercles, which  are smooth
and transparent, and when pressed, pour out from
an  orifice in their summits a little opake or milky
fluid.
   The disease is probably seated in the sebaceous
follicles.
   If internal treatment be adopted at all, it must
consist of eutrophics, as arsenic, iodine, Ac.  The
external treatment consists in the employment of
measures calculated to  excite the tubercles to in-
flammation, as  by touching them with potassa.
   MOLOCHE,  Malva rotundifolia.
   MOLOPES, Vibiees.
   MOLYBDENUM MAGNESII,  Manganese,
black  oxide  of.
   MOLYBDOCACHEXIA,  Saturnisraus.
   MOLYBDOCOLICA, Colica metallica.
   MOLYBDONOSUS,  Lead-poisoning.
   MOLYBDOPARESIS, Palsy, lead.
   MOLYBDOS, Plumbum.
   MOLYBDOSIS, Lead-poisoning.
   MOLYNE, Anus.
   MOLYNSIS, Miasma.
   M03UE,  Mummy.
   MOMIN,  Mamei.
   MOMISCI, Molar teeth.
   MOMOR'DICA, 31.  Balsamina, from  mordeo,
momordi, morsum, ' to  bite,' Balsamina, Nevro-
sper'ma  cuspida'trt, Balm-apple,  Balsam apple,
(F.) Balsamine, Pomme de merveille.  Ord. Cu-
curbitaceae.   The  fruit of  this  oriental  tree,
Pomnm mirab'ile seu hierosolyinita'num, was for-
merly considered vulnerary.
  Momordica Aspera, M. Elaterium.
  Momor'dica  Elate'rium : 31.  as'pera, Elatc'-
rium,   Ecba'Ua  Elate'rium,  Ecbalinm  officiua'.
rum   seu  agreste  seu  cordr'fo'/iuin,   Cu'citmis
agres'tis   seu  asinlnus  seu  sylves'tris,  Cha-
ron'tia,  Boubcllios, Guarerbn orba, Eebtil'itim
elate'rium, Wild, Squirting, or Asses' ctlcumber,
(F.)   Concombre   Sauvage,  MomortUqne.  A'at.
Order, Cucurbitaceae.  The dried sediment from
the juice is the  elaterium of the shops.  (See
Extractum Elaterii.)   It is a most powerful ca-
thartic, and, as such, has  been used in  dropsies.
Its  active  principle is the  Elatin, E/aterin or
Elaterium.  Dose, gr. $ to gr. j. until it operates,
  3I03IORDIQUE, Momordica elaterium.
  MONAD, from povas, povaios, 'unity.'  A sim-
ple particle, or atom,  or unit. — Leibnitz.  The
smallest  of all visible animalcules. A primary
cell or germ.
  MONiE, Nates.
  MONAR'DA,  31. did'yma seu  coccin'ea seu
purpu'rea  seu  Kalmia'na, Scarlet Rose btilin,
3/ountain mint,  Oswe'go   Tea, Mountain Balm,
Horsemint, Square stalk, Red balm; a beautiful
indigenous plant, Sex. Syst. Diandria Monogynia.
Nat. Ord. Labiatse, having the excitant proper-
ties of Monarda punctata.
  Monarda Allophylla, M. fistulosa — m. CH-
nopodia, M. fistulosa — m. Coccinea, Monarda —
in. Didyma, Monarda.
  Monar'da Fistulo'sa, 31. rugo'sa and oblon-
ga'ta, ; 31. clinopod'ia seu allophylla, Wild ber-
gamot, Horsemint.  The leaves have a  fragrant
smell; and  an aromatic, somewhat bitter taste.
They  are reputed to  be nervine, stomachic, and
deobstruent [?].
  Monarda Kalmiana, Monarda—m. Oblongata,
M. fistulosa.
  Monar'da Puncta'ta, Horsemint. Indigenous
in the United  States.  Stimulant  and carmina-
tive.   The  Oleum monarda is  officinal in the
United States.
  Monarda.  Purpurea, Monarda — m.  Rugosa,
M. fistulosa.
  3IONDER (F.), from mundus, 'cleanly.' To
render clean or pure.  In Pharmacy, it means to
separate any substance from its impure or useless
portion.   In surgery, monder ou  mondifier une
plaie, is  to clean or deterge a wound.
  MONDIFICA TIES, Detergents.
  310NDIFIER UNE PLAIE, see 3Ionder.
  MONE'MERON, 31onoe'rneron, 3Ionohe'meron;
from povos,  'one,' and 'yptpa, 'a day.'  A name
given to several collyria, which were supposed to
be capable of curing diseases  of the eyes in a day.
  MONENTERUM, Colon.
  MONE'SIA. A vegetable extract imported into
Europe from South America, in hard, thick cakes.
It is prepared from the bark  of a tree, whose bo-
tanical name is uncertain—probably Chrynnphyl'-
lum  glycyphla'ttm  seu Burauhem,  Bnrnnliem,
Guaranhem; Ord. Sapotaceae.  It is very friable,
and  its  fracture  very much  resembles that of a
well-torrefied cocoanut.   It .is wholly soluble in
water; and its  taste — which is at first sweet liko
liquorice — sometimes becomes astringent.  Itis
on account of its astringent properties that it has
been_  prescribed  in  chronic bronchitis, haemo-
ptysis, diarrhoea, leucorrhoea, uterine hemorrhage,
Ac   It  has been applied locally, in the form of
ointment, (3Iones. p. 1, Adipis, p. vij).
  The dose of  Monesia is  from 12 to 40 grains a
day.
  MONEYWORT, Lysimachia nummuluria. 
MONGOLIAN
601
MONSTER
  MONGO'LTAN. Anthropologists give the name
 Mongolian nice to a variety of the human species,
 spread over a great part of the north of Asia, in
 China, India, Thibet, the Moluccas, Ac.  The in-
 dividuals composing it have the skin  of a brown
 red, forehead flat, nose broad, cheeks prominent,
 and lins large.   See Homo.
   MONO If EL, Hybrid.
   M'lNIPLlES, Omasum.
   MONISM,  Monis'inns;  from povas, 'unity.'
 The doctrine, which declares matter and mind to
 be identical.
   MONK PHYSICIANS AND  SURGEONS. A
 class of practitioners of whom  Frere Cosme and
 Jacques Beaulieu in France, and Pravetz in Ger-
 many, were the most distinguished.
   MONKSHOOD, Aconitum—m. Common, Aco-
 nitum  napellus—m. Salutary, Aconitum anthora
 —in. Wild, Aconitum uncinatum.
   MONNI'NA  POLYSTA'CHIA.   A  beautiful
 South  American  plant.  Nut.  Ord. Polygalese.
 Sex. Syst. Diadelphia Octandria.   The bark of
 the root is a powerful astringent, and much used
 in  South America in diseases of the  bowels.
   MONNYPLIES, Oinasum.
   MONOBLEE'SIS, from  monos,  and  fiXe^is,
 'sight.'  An affection in  which vision is confused,
 imperfect, and indistinct, when both  eyes are em-
 ployed ; but perfect or nearly so, when either eye
 is used singly.
   MONOCAR'PTE, from  monos, and  Kapiros,
 'fruit.'  A division of cutaneous affections, of tbe
 family  of Eczematosen, of  Fuchs, which in-
 cludes strophulus, psydracia, and ecthyma.
   MONOCEPII'ALUS, from monos, and KttpaXn,
 'head.'  A compound monster having two bodies
 with a  single head.
   MONOCOLON, Caecum, Rectum.
   MONOCRA'NUS, from monos, and Kpavov, Kpa-
 viov, 'cranium.'  A  monster with one cranium,
 but with  the face in  part double.—Gurlt.
   MOXOCULUM, Caseum.
   MONOC'ULUS,  Mori ode,   3Ionophthal'mns,
 Uiiinc'uhis,  Untie'nhis,  frora  monos,  and oeulus,
 'an  eye.'   A  bandage employed  to  maintain
 topical applications over one of the  eyes.  This
 bandage, called by some surgeons Simplex or'u-
 lits, (E,) (Eil simple, is  made of a roller three or
 four ells long, rolled into a single ball.   See
 Cyclops.
  'MONODIPLO'PIA, from ctzXovs,' double,' and
 ui/', 'eve.'  Double vision with one eye.
   MONOEMERON, Monemeron.
   MONOGAS'TRIC, 3Ionogas'triciis, from monos,
 and yaarijp, 'stomach.'   That which has but one
 stomach.  Man is monogastrie ; ruminating ani-
 mals, on  the contrary, are polygastric.
   MONOGENY, see Generation.
   MOX'OGRAPH,  MED'ICAL,  Monograph'ia
 med'ica,  from  monos, and ypatpn, ' description.'
 An ex profiesso  treatise on  a  single class  of dis-
 eases, or on a single disease.
   MONOHEMEltON, Monemeron.
   MONOMACHON, Caseum.
   MONOMACUM, Caseum.
   MONOMANIA, see  Melancholy — m.  Homi-
 cidal, Homicidal  insanity—in. Incendiary, Pyro-
 mania.
  MONOMA'NIAC, Monomanlacus,  (F.) .Mono-
 mane, .Monomaniaque, from  monos,  and  pavia,
 'mania.'  One who labours under monomania, or
 insanity on one subject.
  310.YOMAN/E,' Melancholy — m.  Homicide,
 Homicidal insanity.
  MOXOMMATOS.  Cyclops.
  MONOMOKIA, see Melancholy.
  MONOM'PHALUS. from monos, and opi/iaXos,
'a navel.'  A monster produced by the union of
two bodies having a common  umbilicus.  Such a
double  monster  is  called by I. G. St. Hilairo
31on„n,pl,a'Uan, (F.) 31,,,,,,,,,/',/,alien.
   MONOPAGIA, Clavus hystericus, Hemicrania.
   MONOP'ATHY,  Monopathi'a,  from  monos,
and tttiBos,  ' disorder.'  A  state  in  which  ono
organ or function is disordered.  Applied to me-
lancholy  or monomania; which is said to be a
monoputhic affection.
   MONOPEGIA. Clavus hystericus, Hemicrania.
   MONOPHTHALMUS, Cyclops,  Monoculus.
   MONOPLAS'TIC, Monoplas'ticus, from monos,
and irXaaaor, 'I form.'  That  which has one form.
A monop/astic element, in histology is  one which
retains  its primary  form.—Gerber.
   MONOPODIA, Sympodia.
   MONOPS. Cyclops.
   MONOPSIA.' Cyclopia.
   MONOPUS. Syrameles.
   MONOR'CHIS, (F.) 3Ionorchide, from monos,
and opxis, op^tSos, 'testicle.'   One  who has only
one testicle.
   MONOS,  povos, one alone; as in
   MONOS'CELUS, from monos, and  okIXos, 'a
leg.'  One legged.
   MONOSI'TIA, from monos, and atros, 'food,'
'repast.'  The habit of taking only one meal in
the day.
   MONOSO'MIAN, (F.) 3Ionos„mien, frora monos,
and atoua, 'a body.'  An epithet applied to a
double monster, which seems, in the first instance,
to have had but one bodv.
   MONOT'ROPA  UNIFLO'RA,  (monos,   and
rpoitos, 'a turn,' the solitary flower turned to  one
side,)  Indian pipe,  Iceplant, Pipe-plant',  A'est
root, Fit  root.   Ord. Ericaceae.  An indigenous
plant,  whose juice, mixed with water, has  been
extolled by the Indians in ophthalmia.   The dried
root in  powder has been given in epilepsy  and
nervous diseases.
   MONS VEN'ERIS,  Montic'ithts Ven'eris,
('Mount  of Venus,')  Ephebc'um, (F.) 31ont  de
 Vinus,  Pinil, 3L,tle, Eminence sits-pubienne.  The
more or less projecting eminence, situate at  the
base of the  hypogastrium. above the  vulva and
in front of the os  pubis.  At the period  of puberty
it  becomes  covered  with  hair, formerly called
Tresso'ria.
   MONSO'NIA OVA'TA, K'dta, of the Hotten-
tots. A plant ofthe N'nt. Ord. Geraniaceas, which
grows at the Cape of Good Hope.   The root and
herb are  very astringent, and are  used success-
fully in dysentery.
   MONSTER, Monstrum, ('anything  strange.')
Porterllitm,  Terns, Pelor, Pelo'ria, Pelo'rium,  Pe-
lo'rum,  (F.)  3Ionstre.  Any organized being, hav-
ing an  extraordinary vice of conformation, or a
preternatural perversion of every part, or of cer-
tain parts only.
   The following classification embraces the main
varieties  of malformations — Vitia prima  con-
formation!s.—1.  Those in which certain parts of
the normal body are absent or defective—monstra
deficientia, constituting  Ectrog"eny (Serres), —
Monstrosity by defect, (F.) Anoninlie oil 3fonstru-
osite par defiant. Aginisie. 2. Those produced by
fusion or  coalition  of organs — eoalitio partium,
symphysis.  3.  Those, in which parts,  united in
the normal state, are separated from each other—
clefts, fissures.  4. Those in  which  normal open-
ings are occluded—atresia.   5. Those by  e.\<-ess,
or in which certain  parts have a disproportionate
size — monstra abiindantia, 3Ionstros'ity by excess,
(F.) .Monstruositi par execs, Hyperginisie.   6.
Those, in  which one or more parts have  an  ab-
normal position—situs mittatus.  7.  Those affect-
ing the  sexual organs — hermaphroditism ,- and
to  these  "true malformation?"  Vogel adds  S.
Diseases of the foetus, and abnormal states of its
envelopes. 
MONSTERS
602
MORBUS
  Amongst the numerous hypotheses entertained
on the origin or cause of monsters, or of monstro-
sity—terato'sis, monstros'itas, (F.) monstruositi, as
the state has been  called — three only are worth
mentioning.  They have been attributed, 1.  To
the influence of the maternal imagination on  the
foetus in utero.  2.  To  accidental changes, expe-
rienced by the foetus at some period  of its uterine
existence : and 3.  To  a primitive  defect in  the
germs.   The  second  seems to  be  the only one
that is philosophical.
   As a medico-legal question, monsters, if capable
of action as individuals, have the same rights as
other persons.
   MONSTERS,  COMPOUND,  see  Unitaire—m.
Double, see Diplogenesis—m. Triplet, see Triplet.
   MONSTRA  ABUNDANTIA, see  Monster —
m. Deficientia, see Monster — m. Trigemina, see
Triplet—in. Triplica, see Triplet.
   310NSTRE, Monster — m. Compose, see Uni-
taire—m. Unitaire, see Unitaire.
   MONSTROSITAS, see Monster.
   MONSTROSITY,  see Monster—m. by Defect,
 see  Monster—ra. by  Excess, see Monster.
   MONSTRUM, Monster.
   MONSTRUOSITE, see  Monster — m.   par
Dcfant,  see Monster—in. par  Execs, see Monster.
   MONT DE  VENUS, Mons Veneris.
   MONTBRISON, MINERAL WATERS   OF.
 Montbrison  is a town in  France, in  the depart-
 ment of the Loire,  fifteen leagues frora Lyons.
 There  are  three cold springs here, which  are
 highly acidulous,  and used  as refrigerants  and
 aperients.
   MONT-DE-MARSAN, MINERAL WATERS
 OF.   Mont-de-Marsan is a small  French town,
 10 leagues from  Dax ; where there is a chalybeate
 spring,  somewhat frequented.
   MONT-D'OR,  MINERAL WATERS  OF.
 Mont-d'Or is a village seven leagues from Cler-
 mont, (Puy-de-Dome.) at which are several mine-
 ral springs,  cold  and thermal.   Those  of  the
 Fountain La Madelalne, and of the Great  Bath,
 are thermal, temp. 112° Fahr., and contains  car-
 bonic acid,  subcarbonate  and  sulphate of soda,
 chloride of sodium, subcarbonate   of  lime  and
 magnesia, alumine and oxide of iron.  Those of
 St. 3Iargaret are cold, and contain much carbonic
 acid.
   MONTECATI'NI, MINERAL WATERS  OF.
 This town  is  situate  near  Borgo-Buggiano, in
 Tuscany. The springs are thermal; ranging from
 78°  to 118° Fahrenheit.
   MONTHLY COURSES. Menses—m. Illness,
 see Menses—m. Periods, Menses.
   MONTICULUS CEREBELLI,  see Vermiform
 processes of the Cerebellum — m. Veneris, Mons
 veneris.
    MONTPELL'IER, CLIMATE  OF.  This seat
 of a celebrated medical school in  the S. E. of
 France was at one time renowned for its climate,
 and especially in regard to its adaptation to  con-
 sumptive eases.   This is now exploded, and it is
 at present esteemed an unfit residence for them.
 The climate possesses the general characters of
 that of south-eastern France—being dry, hot, and
 irritating;  subject to frequent vicissitudes, and
 especially to blasts of keen, cold, northerly winds.
 It is,  indeed, most injurious in  pulmonary dis-
 eases.
    MOON, Luna, Sele'ne, 3fene, Sax. Mona, (G.)
 Mond, (F.) Lime.   The moon  has been supposed
 to exert considerable influence over the human
 body, in health and disease.  Such influence has
 been grossly exaggerated.   Not many years ago,
 it would have been heretical to doubt the exacer-
 bation of mania at the full  of the moon : yet it
 is now  satisfactorily shown,  that if the light be
excluded at this period, the lunatic is not excited
more than  ordinarily.
  MOONED. Lunatic
  MOONSTRUCK, Lunatic.
  MOONCALF. Mole.
  MOORBEBBY, Vaccinium oxycoccos.
  MOORORASS, Potentilla anserina.
  MOORSHEAD, Alembic
  MOORWORT, BROAD-LEAVED, Andromeda
mariana.
  MOOSEWOOD, Dirca palustris.
  MOPHETA. see  Mephitism.
  31 OR BE UN, Morbid.
  MORBI, see Morbus—m. Acquisiti, Acquired
diseases — m.  Acuti, see Acute — m.  Adventitii,
Acquired  diseases—in. Anniversarii, Annual dis-
eases—m. Annui, Annual diseases—m. Asthenici,
Adynamia; — m. Celati, Feigned diseases — ni.
Chronici,  Chronic diseases — m. Cognati, Innato
diseases — in.  Complicati, see Complication, Im.
plieiti  morbi — m. Congeniti, Innate diseases—m.
Connati,  Connate  diseases — m. Connexi, ''mi-
juncti morbi—in. Consequentes, Conjuncti morbi
—m. Constriotorii,  see  Spnsmotieus—m. Derma-
todes,  see  Dermatoid—m. Dispersi, Sporadic dis.
eases — m. Dissimulati,  Feigned diseases — m.
Epicteti, Acquired diseases — m. Evolutionis, see
Development — m. Hereditarii,  Hereditary dis-
eases— m. Homoedri, see Homoedrus— in. Infi-
tiati, Feigned diseases—in. Interni, Internal dis-
eases—m. Melancholici, see  Mercurial—in. Mer-
curiales,  see  Mercurial — m. Nervosi,  Nervous
diseases—m. Occulti, see Latent — in.  Olfaetus,
Osmonosi — m. Perplexi, see Complication—in.
Pseudalei, Feigned diseases — m. Recidiva, Re-
lapse— m. Recursus, Palindromia — in. Sexunles,
see Sexual — m. Sexus, Genonusi—in.  Simulnli,
Feigned diseases—in.  Sparsi,  Sporadic disease?
—m. Spasmotici, see Spasmoticus—in. Subacute,
see Acute — m. Tactfls, Haphonosi — m. Tropici,
Troponusi.
  MORBID, Mor'hidus, Morbo'sus. Patltic, Path'-
ienl, Pntllieiis,(F.) 31,,rbeux, Morbide ; from »ior-
bus, 'a disease.'  Diseased, or relating to disease.
   Morbid Anatomy, see Anatomy.
   MORBIF'IC,  Morbif'icns,  (F.)  Morbifiqne;
from morbus,  'a disease.' nnd facere, 'to  make.'
 Causing or producing disease — as morbific ema-
nations.
   MORBIDITY, Disease.
   3IORBILLEUN. Morbillous.
   MORBILLI, Rubeola—m.Confluentes, Scar-
latina—m. Ignei, Scarlatina.
   MORBILLOSUS, Morbillous.
   MORBILLOUS,  Morbillo'sus,  Measly,  (F.)
 Morbillenx, from morbilli, 'rubeola or measles.*
i Affected or connected with measles.
   MORBOSUS. Sickly.
   MORBI1 LENT, Sickly.
   MORBUS, Disease, see  Morbi —m. Ampul-
i laceous, Pemphigus — m. Anglieus, Phthisis, Rn-
| chitis — in. Aphrodisius. Syphilis — m. Arcnatus,
 Icterus — m. Arietis,  Influenza—m. Arquatus,
! Icterus—m. Artieularis, Gout—m. Astralis, Epi-
j lepsy—m. Attonitus, Apoplexy—ra. a. Celsi, f'ata-
| lepsy — m. Brightii. Kidney, Bright's disease of
 the—m. Bullosus,   Pemphigus — in.  Caduoiis,
j Epilepsy — m. Caeruleus, Cyanopathy — in. Cal-
 culi, Lithia— m. Cardiacus, Cardialgia — in. Ca-
jj tarrhalis, Influenza — m. Catoxys, see Catoxys —
j! m.  Cerealis,  Ergotism—m. Cerebralis Vi'hytth,
|| Hydrocephalus Tnternus — m. Cirrhorum. Plica
i —m.  Coeliacus, Coeliac flux —in. Comitialis, Epi-
 lepsy— in.  Cordis,  Cardionosus — m.  Costnlie,
 Pleuritis —m. Coxarius, Coxarum  morbus —in.
 Croafus, Scherlievo—m. CucuUaris, Pertussis —
 m.  Cucullus,  Pertus-is —m. Cystophlegmaticus,
 Cystirrhoea—m. Dasmoniacus, Epilepsy—m. Ds-
i monius,  Epilepsy —m. Deificus, Epilepsy —m. 
MORCEAU DU DIABLE     603           MOROTROPHIUM
 Diss'dutus,  Dysentery—m. Divinus, Epilepsy—
 in.  Dominorum, Gout—tn. Endemius, Endemic
 —m. Epidemicus,  Epidemy—m. Epidemicus gut-
 turis Foresti, Scarlatina—m. Eruditorum, Hypo-
 chondriasis  -in. Extrinsecus, External disease—
 m. Earciminosus, see Equinia—m. Febrilis, Pyre-
 ticosis — in.  Eellifluus, Cholera — m.  Flatuosus,
 Hypochondriasis—in. Eluminiensis,  Scherlievo—
 ni. Fcedus,  Epilepsy—in. Frigidus, Atrophy—m.
 (iallicus, Syphilis—m. Gesticulutorius, Chorea—
 m. Granulosus renum, Kidney, Bright's disease
 of the—in. Gravis, see Serious—m. Haemorrhoi-
 dulis, Hasmorrhois—m. Heracleus,  Epilepsy—m.
 Herculeus,  Epilepsy—in. Hispanicus,  Syphilis—
 in. llydrophobicus, Hydrophobia—ra. Hypochon-
 drlacus, Hypochondriasis — in. Hystericus, Hys-
 teria—in. Idiopathicus, Idiopathia—m.  Indicus,
 Syphilis—m. Interlunis,  Epilepsy—m. Ischiadi-
 cus, Neuralgia femoro-poplitaea — m.  Italicus,
 Syphilis—m.  Jecinoris,  Hepatitis—m. Lascivus,
 Chorea—ra. Lateralis,  Pleuritis—m. Lazari, Ele-
 phantiasis— m. Leseoli,  Icterus — in. Lunaticus,
 Epilepsy — m. Luteolus,  Icterus—m. Maculosus
 hasmorrhagicus Werlhofii, Purpura  haeinorrhagi-
 ca — in. Magnus, Epilepsy — in. Major, Epilepsy
 —m. Mensalis, Epilepsy — m.  Mercurialis, Ecze-
 ma mercuriale, Hydrargyriasis— m. Metallieus,
 Colic,   metallic—111.  Mucosus,  Fever,  adeno-
 meningeal— m. Nauticus, Nausea  marina — m.
 Neapolitanus,  Syphilis—in. Niger,  Melaena—in.
 Originalis, Idiopathia — m. CEsophagi, /Esopha-
 gopatbia — m. Oryzeus,   Cholera — m. Pallidus,
 Chlorosis—ra. Panccenus, Pandemic—m. Parthe-
 nius. Chlorosis — m. Panderaius, Pandemic — in.
 Pedicularis, Phtheiriasis  — m.  Peracutus, see  Ca-
 toxys—in. Phoeniceus, Elephantiasis—m. Pilaris,
 Trichiasis — ra. Plcuriticus, Pleuritis — in. Plum-
 beus, Lead-poisoning—m. Porcinus, Essera—m.
 l'opularis, Epilepsy—m.  Primarius,  Idiopathia—
 m. Proprius, Idiopathia—111. Protopathicus, Idio-
 pathia— ra.  Proteiformis,  see  Proteiformis — 111.
 Psoadicus, Lumbar abscess — m. Publicus, Epi-
 demy— in.  Puerilis,  Epilepsy — in. Pulicularis,
 Typhus  gravior — ra.  Pustulosus Finnicus,  see
 Anthrax—m. Recidivus,  Relapse—m. Recidivus,
 Palindromia—m.  Regionalis, Endemic — m. Re-
 gius, Icterus—m. Resiccatorius, Hypochondriasis
 — m. Ructuosus, Hypochondriasis — in.  Ructuo-
 bus, see Eructation—in. Sacer,  Epilepsy—m. Sal-
 tatorius, Chorea—m. Sancti Joannis, Epilepsy—
 m. Sancti Yalentini, Epilepsy—m. Scarlatinosus,
 Scarlatina—m. Seelestus, Epilepsy—m. Scrophu-
 losus, Scrofula — ra. Secundarius, Deuteroputhia
 — m. Seleniacus,  Epilepsy — m. Siderutus, Epi-
 lepsy— m.  Silesiacus. Raphania — m. Simplex,
 Haplopatbia—m. Solstitialis, Cottp-ele-Soldl—in.
 Sonticus, Epilepsy — m.  Spasmodicus  malignus
 seu popularis, Raphania—m. Strangulatorius,
 Cynanche trachealis — m. Sudatorius, Sudor An-
 glieus— m.  Truculentus  infantum,  Cynanche
 trachealis — m.  Tuberculosus,  see  Tubercle and
 Tubercular  cachexia — m.  Ungaricus,  Fever,
 Ilungaric — m. Verminosus, Helminthiasis — m.
 Vernaculus, Endemic—m. Vervecinus, Influenza
 — m.  Vesicularis,  Pemphigus — m.  Virgineus,
 Chlorosis — m. Viridellus,  Epilepsy—m. Vitrio-
 latus,  Epilepsy — m.  Vocis,   Phononosus — m.
 Vulpis, Alopecia.
  MORCEAU DU DIABLE. sec  Tuba Fallo-
 piana—m. Frangi, see  Tuba Fallopiana.
  MORCELLEMENT (F.), 'Dividing into
 pieces.'  A mode adopted by M. Maisonneuve  for
 removing successfully  a large  fibrous  tumour of
 the neck.
  MORCHELL'A  ESCULEN'TA, Phallus escu-
 leilttts,  Helve/la  escttlen'ta,  Fungus fiagino'sus,
 Meru'liim, Common Morell, (F.) 3IoriUe.  Nat.
 Order.  Fungi.  A  fungus,  which is esteemed a
luxury,  entering into ragouts  and  other dishes, |
  or cooked  itself between slices of bacon.  It has
  been considered to be aphrodisiac.
   MOR'DICANT, 3Ior'dicans, Color mor'dicans,
  frora mordeir, -I bite.'  A  morbid heat, causing
  a disagreeable pungent sensation  in the fingers
  of the physician.
   MORDICES, Teeth :  see Tooth.
   MOREA, Morus nigra.
   MORELL, COMMON, Morchella esculenta.
   MORELLE, Boletus esculentus — m. a  Fruit
  noir, Solanum — m. Eurieiise, Atropa belladonna
  —m. en Grappes, Phytolacca decandra—m. Grim-
  pante, Solanum dulcamara.
   MORETARIUM,  Mortar.
   MORE'TUM.   A kind of salad, with the  an-
  cient Romans, made of garlic, parsley, vinegar,
  oil,  Ac.
   MORE'TUS,  from morum,  'the mulberry.'
  Ancient name of a cordial julep, into the compo-
  sition of which the syrup of mulberries entered.
  —Schroder.
    MORGAGN'I,  HUMOUR  OF,  Humor Mor-
  gagnitlnus, (F.) Humeur de Morgagui.   A  pecu-
  liar, transparent,  slightly-viscid  fluid,  found be-
  tween the crystalline and its capsule.
    MORGEL1NE, Alsine media.
    MORGUE  (F.).  A  dead-house, in  France,
  wherein persons,  found dead, are exposed  with
  the  view of being  recognised by their  friends —
  Necrocomi'nm, Necrodochlurn, Ncc.ros'toa.
    MORI  SUCCUS, see Morus nigra.
    MORIA, Idiotism—m. Demens, Idiotism,  De-
  mentia—  m. Demens lerema, see Dementia — in.
  Imbecilis  amnesia, Amnesia.
    MORIBUND, Psychorages.
    MORILLE, Morchella esculenta.
    MORINGA APTERA,  see Guilandina  mo-
  ringa— m. Nux  Ben,  Guilandina  moringa.— in.
  Oleifera,Guilandina moringa—m. Pterygosperma,
  Guilandina moringa—m. Zeylanica, Guilandina
  moringa.
    MORION, Genital organ, Penis.
    MORIOPLAS'TICE, Chirnr'gia curto'rum sen
  Anajilns'tica, Restitutio organ'ica seu pur'tiiim
  deperdita'ruin, Trnnsplanta'tio, Aittoplns'tice, Chi-
  rnr'gia plas'tica, Anaplastic Surgery, Autoplas'ty,
  Autoplastic  or Plastic  Surgery, from  fioptov, 'a
  part,'and irXaariKos, 'forming.'  The restoration
  of  lost parts.  The operations  for this  purpose
  have various names, according to the  part  con-
  cerned, as Cheiloplastice, Ceratoplastice, Rhino-
  plastice,  Ac.
    MORNING GLORY, BLUE, Convolvulus nil.
    MORO, from morum, 'a  mulberry:'—3lorum,
  (F.) 3lure.  A small abscess resembling a mul-
  berry.  A small tumour, of a similar appearance,
  particularly  on the genital organs after impure
  coition.
    MOROCII'THUS, 3foroch'tus, Morochi'tes,  Me-
  rochi'tes, 3Ieroc'tes, Galax'ia, Leucograpllia,  (F.)
  Pierre au  lait, Milk stone.   An Egyptian stone,
  used by tbe ancients as an  application to the in-
  tertrigo of children : probably a variety of fuller's
  earth, inasmuch as it appears to  have been used
  by fullers.
   MOROCHITES, Morocbthus.
   MOROCHTUS. Morochthus.
   'MOROCOMIUM, Morotrophium.
   MORODOCHIUM. Morotrophium.
   MOROSIS. Fatuitas, Idiotism.
   MOROSITA'TES, (moro'sm, 'morose,' 'peev-
  ish,' 'fretful,') from  pwpia,  and  piaptaats, 'stupi-
  dity.' A generic  name given by Linnaeus to an
  order of Vesaniae,  in  which he  included pica,
  bulimia, polydipsia, antipathia, nostalgia, pano-
  phobia.  satyriasis,  nymphomania,  tarentismus,
  and hydrophobia.
I   MOROTROPHTUM,  3Iorocomi'um,  Morodo- 
MORPHEA               604              MORTALITY
chlum, Manicocomlum, from pwpos, 'fatuous,'and  |
rpotfai, 'support.'  An insane establishment, lunatic
usylum, mad-house, Bedlam, (F.) Hdpital des f'ous,
Maison petite.
  MORPHEA, Morphew —m. Alba,  Lepra al-
phoides—m. Nigra,  Lepra nigricans.
  310RPHEE, Morphew.
  MORPHEW, 3Iorpha'a, (F.) 3Iorphie. A term
vaguely applied to  scurfy eruptions on  the face.
Morphaa was formerly applied to squamous dis-
eases in general.
  MORPHIA, Morphina — m. Acetate of, Mor-
phine; acetas — m.  and Zinc, double  iodide of,
Zinc and Morphia,  double iodide of—m. Citrate
of,  see Morphina — in. Muriate of, see  Morphina
—m. Sulphate of, Morphina; sulphas.
  MORPHINE ACETAS, Morphinae acetas—m.
Citras, see  Morphinae sulphas — m. Murias, see
Morphinae sulphas — in. Sulphas, Morphina; sul-
phas.
  MOR'PHICA, from poptpn, 'shape.'   Monstro-
sities of birth.'  The  3d order, class Typhicu of
Good.
  MORPHI'NA,   3for'phia,  Mor'phium,  Mor-
phine, Morphine, from  Mopjitvs,  3Iorpheus, the
'god of  sleep.'  A solid, colourless alkali; crys-
tallizable in  beautiful pyramids,  truncated and
transparent;  soluble in alcohol,  and  slightly so
in  boiling water.   It  exists, combined with me-
conic acid, in opium.  It may be obtained by
decomposing, by means of ammonia or calcined
magnesia,  an aqueous solution of opium made in
the cold.
  The following  is the  process  of the Pharm.
U.  S.  Opium, sliced, tbj; distilled router, alcohol,
animal charcoal, each  a sufficient quantity; solu-
tion of  ammonia, f.^vj.   Macerate the  opium
with four  pints of  distilled water for  24 hours,
and having worked it  with  the  hand,  digest for
24  hours, and strain.  Macerate the residue twice
successively with distilled water, and strain.  Mix
the infusions: evaporate  to six pints, and filter;
then add first five pints of alcohol, and afterwards
three fluidounces of  the solution  of  ammonia,
previously  mixed with half a pint of alcohol.
After 24 hours, pour  in the remainder  of the
solution  of ammonia,  mixed  as before  with  half
a pint of alcohol;  and set the liquor aside for 24
hours, that crystals may form.  To purify these,
boil them with two  pints of alcohol till they are
dissolved; filter the solution, while hot, through
animal charcoal, and set it aside to crystallize.
  Morphia dissolves perfectly in the acids, which
it saturates; and  with which it forms very crys-
tallizable salts, with the exception of the acetate.
All these salts  have a bitter taste, and act upon
the animal  economy  in  the same manner  as
opium, but more powerfully.  The acetate is the
salt commonly employed in medicine.  It was, at
one time, supposed that  Morphia is  the  purely
sedative part of opium, divested of its  irritating
properties;  but experience  has not  confirmed
this.  On the contrary, it will generally disagree
where opium does.  Dose of morphia, $ to J of
a grain.
  Morphi'n^e Ace'tas, 3for'phia Acetas,  3for'-
phium ace'ticum, Ac"etate of Morphine, Acetate
ofi  Morphia.  A salt formed by saturating mor-
phia with acetic acid.  (.Morphia, in powder, freed
from narcotina by boiling with  sulphuric ether,
§j  ; distilled water, Oss ; acetic acid, a sufficient
quantity.  Mix the morphia with the water; then
carefully drop  in  the acid, constantly stirring
until the  morphia  is  saturated  and  dissolved.
Evaporate  the  solution in a  water-bath  to  the
consistence of syrup.   Lastly,  dry the acetate
with a gentle heat and rub it  into powder.—Ph.
U.  S.)  Dose, from  J of a grain to half a grain.
I   Monrni'N.f)  Sulphas,  Mon'pniyE  Suli'iias,
 Sulphate ofi .Morphia.  A salt,  formed by satu-
 rating morphia with sulphuric acid, evaporating,
 and  crystallizing.  Dose,  the  same as of  tho
 acetate.
   3Iuriate, and  Citrate of 3Iorphia, 3I„iphia ci-
 tras, have likewise been  used;  but they possess
 no advantages over the other salts.  The sulphate
 and  muriate are officinal in the Ph. U. S.  The
 muriate—Mor'phiae Mu'rias—is directed  to be
 prepared  as follows.  (3lorphia,  in pulv., z\-
 Aqua destillata, Oss ; Acid,  muriat. q. s.   Mix
 tbe  morphia with  the water; carefully drop in
 the  acid,  till the morphia is saturated and dis-
 solved.  Evaporate  and crystallize.)  One-sixth
 of a  grain is equal to a grain of  opium.
   MORPHIUM, Morphina — m. Aceticum, Mor-
 phina; acetas.
   MORPHOLOGICAL,  Morpholog"icus, frora
 poptfin, 'shape,' and Xoyos,  'a  description.'  That
 which has  relation to the anatomical  conforma-
 tion  of parts.  Applied, at times,  to the  altera-
 tions in the form of the  several parts of the em-
 bryo, in contradistinction to histological, which
 is applied  to the transformation  by which tbe
 tissues are gradually generated.   In comparative
 anatomy, it is applied to the history of the mo-
 difications of forms, which the same organ under-
 goes in different animals.
   MORPHOLOGY, Anatomy.
   MORRHOL'YSIS,  from poptjrn, 'shape,' and
 Xvots,  'solution.'   Destruction  of organization.
 An  agent,  that  occasions such  destruction,  is
 called a morpholylie.
   MORPHOLYTIC, see Morpholysis.
   MORPHON'OMY, Morphonom'ia: from poptf,n,
 'shape,' and vopos,  a law.'  The laws of organio
 formation.   The department of anatomical sci-
 ence which  teaches the laws of organic configu-
 ration.
   MORPHOTOMY, see  Anatomy.
   MORPIO, see Pediculus.
   MORPION, Crab-louse, see Pediculus.
   MORRHUA AMERICANA,  see Oleum jecoris
 aselli.
   MORS, Death — m. Apparens,  Asphyxia—m.
 Putativn, Asphyxia — m.  Repentina, Demotivus
 lapsus—m. du Diable, Scabiosa  succisa.
   MORSELLUS, Tabella.
   MORSULI ANTIMONIALES, Tabellae anti-
 moniales Kunckelii — m. Stibii, Tabella; antimo-
 niales Kunckelii.
   MORSULUS, Tabella.
   310RSURE,  Degmos.
   MORSUS, Degmos—in. Diaboli, Scabiosa suc-
 cisa, see Tuba  Fallopiana — m. Gallina;, Alsine
 media—m.  Stomachi, Cardialgia—m. Ventriculi,
 Cardialgia.
   MORT, Adeps.
   310RT, Dead, Death—m. Apparente, Asphyxia
 — m. du Chien,  Cholera — m. aux Cliiens, Colchi-
 cum autumnale—m. Ni, Still-born—m. aux Pan-
 thh-es, Doronicum pardalianches.
    MORTA, Pemphigus.
   MORTAL, Morta'lis, from mors, mortis, 'death.'
 Letha'lis, Leta'tis, Thanato'des,  Thanas'iniits, (F.)
 Mortel.  That which is subject  to death; —that
 which causes death : — as, man is mortal; a dis-
 ease is mortal.  Of old, it was the custom to havo
 a division  of mortal or deadly  wounds,  which
 gave rise to many errors  in medico-legal investi-
 tions, as the mortality of wounds depends upon
 various circumstances ;  and it  is  often a matter
 of extreme difficulty to pronounce whether or not
 a wound is necessarily mortal.
    MORTALITY, 31ortal'iias, Lethal'itas, LUnV-
 itas, (F.) 3Iortaliti.   Same etymon. This word,
 taken in an extended sense, expresses the condi-
 tion of all organized bodies,—of being subject to 
MORTAR                605              MOSQUITO
the cessation of life.   In the sense in which it is
most frequently employed, it signifies,—the pro-
portional quantity of individuals who, in  a cer-
tain  population, die in a given  time.  If we as-
sume the population  of the earth to be one thou-
sand millions, and a  generation to last thirty-
three years;  in that space of time the one thou-
sand millions must all die, and,  consequently, the
number of deaths will be, by approximation,

     Each year....................30,000,000
     Each day.........................82,109
     Each hour..........................3,421
     Each minute...........................57
     Each second.............................1 nearly.

   If, on the  other hand, as has been supposed,
 the  number of deaths is to that of  the births as
 ten  to twelve : there will be born,

     Each year.................36,000,000
     Each day.......................98,356
     Each hour.......................4,098
     Each minute........................68
     Each second.........................1 A 2-15ths.

   It has been estimated  that the average  mor-
 tality of the  Pays du Vaud, is  1 in 49 : of  Swe-
 den  and Holland, 1 in 48;  of Russia, 1 in  41; of
 France, 1 in 40 ;  of Austria, 1 in 38 ; of Prussia
 nnd Naples,  1 in  33 to 35; of England, 1 in 45;
 and of South America, 1  in 30.  The same rate
 of mortality has been given to  the United States
 ns to France; but the statistical details on  all
 this matter have been  inadequate, and—it is.not
 improbable—inaccurate.  The following has been
 given  as the annual  mortality of some  of the
 chief cities of this country and  Europe: (See the
 author's Human  Health,  p. 101 :  Philadelphia,
 1844.)  Philadelphia, 1 in 45-68;  Glasgow, 1 in
 44;  Manchester,  1 in 44 ; Geneva, 1 in 43; Bos-
 tun, 1 in 41-26; Baltimore, 1 in 41 ; London, 1 in
 40;  New York, 1 in 37-83; St. Petersburg, 1 in
 37;  Charleston, 1 in 36-50;  Leghorn,  1  in 35;
 Berlin,  1 in  34;  Paris,  Lyons, Strasburg, and
 Barcelona, 1  in 32; Nice and  Palermo, 1 in 31;
 Madrid, 1 in  29; Naples,  1 in  28;  Brussels, 1 in
 26;  Rome, 1  in  25;  Amsterdam,  1 in 24; and
 Vienna, 1 in  22£.
   In the cities, the mortality under two years of
 age  bears a large  ratio.  This is exhibited by the
 following table :
         Ages.      London.  Philad.   Baltimore.
 Under  1  year,)   „Q -9   227        24-11
 From    1 to   2, j   za oi    8-6         8-55
        2 to   5,     9-97    7-3        11.18
         5 to   10,     4-33    4-         5-
        10 to   20,     4-03    5-         6-3
        20 to   30,     664   12-         987
        30 to   40,     8-08   12-        10-58
        40 to   50,     8-89   10-         8-88
        50 to   60,     8-89    7-2         5-78
        60 to   70,     9-15    5-         45
        70 to   80,     7-S3    3-5         3-
        80 to   90,     3-18    1-9         1-67
        90 to  100,     0-40    0-5         0-26
      100 to  120,     ----    0-09  1     n .„
      110 to  120,     ----    0013 j     u la

   It would not be proper to regard the  value  of
 life in different countries,  or in different periods
in the same country, to be indicated by the ave-
rage mortality ; inasmuch as in  one case a greater
mortality may occur amongst  children, and in
another amongst adults.
   Mortality, Bills  op,  7?i7/s  of Necrology,
3firr'tuary Reg"isters,  (F.) Tobies  de 3Iortaliti.
Tables,  instituted  for the purpose  of exhibiting
•he number of deaths, Ac, in a given time.  Well-
kept bills of mortality are of great use to the phy-
sician and political economist.   Those of London
were  proverbial  for  their  inaccuracy  and  in-
sufficiency ;  especially as regards the  complaints
of which the persons have died.   They were for-
merly made out by the parish clerks, and the in-
formation was conveyed to them by two old wo-
men,  who  were appointed  in each parish, and
were called  Searchers ; — their duty being to see
that the deceased had died a natural death. This
miserable system has, however,  been  abolished;
and  the Registrar-General's annual  reports  of
births, deaths, and marriages, exhibit how admi-
rably vital  statistics  are  now collected  in Great
Britain.
  MORTAR,  Morta'rium, 3Ioreta'rittm, Morto'-
rium, Piso, Ac'one,  Pila, Holmos, lgde,  Igdus,
(F.) 3lortier.   A vessel  for reducing to powder
different solid substances, and for making certain
mixtures.  Various substances  are employed in
the construction of mortars;—iron, marble, glass,
wedgewood ware, Ac.
  MORTARIOLUM, Alveolus.
  3IORTEL, Mortal.
  31 OR TIEIt. Mortar.
  MORTIFER, Lethiferous.
  MORTIFICATIO,  Mortification —m. Pulmo-
num, Necropneumonia.
  MORTIFICA'TION,  Mortifica'tio,  Necro'sis,
Sphacelation, from mors, mortis, 'death,' and  fio,
'I become.'  The loss of vitality in a part of the
body.   The incipient stage of mortification, when
the case is still recoverable, is called  Gangrene;
when totally destroyed, Sphacelus.  Mortification
of a bone is called Necrosis.
  Mortification. Cold, Sphacelus — m.  Ergot,
Ergotism — m. Hot, Gangrene — m. Mildew,  Er-
gotism.
  MORTOOTH, Cupri sulphas.
  MORTUARY  REGISTERS, Mortality,  bills
of.
  MORTUUS, Dead.
  MORUM, see Morus nigra — m. Palpebra; in-
terna;, Trachoma carunculosum.
  MORUS  NIGRA,  31.  lacinia'ta,  3ful'berry
 Tree,  More'a, Sycami'nos,  (F.)  3Iurier  Noir.
 Ord.  Urticacese.  The fruit of the mulberry tree,
Morum,  popov, Sycamlnum,  (F.) 3litre, is plea-
sant, sweet, subacid,  and abounds with a deep
violet-coloured juice, 3Iori suceus (Ph. L.).   A
syrup is directed  in the  London Pharmacopoeia.
The bark of the root has been regarded as  an
anthelmintic
  MORUS  RUBRA, Red Mulberry,  Wild Mul-
berry;  indigenous.  The root has been used to
destroy taenia.
  MORVE, Mucus, Nasal mucus; see Equinia—
m. Farcineuse, see Equinia.
  MOS, Habit.
  Mos  Morbi Benig'nus seu Malio'nus.  The
benign, or  malignant character of a disease.
  MOSCHARDI'NA,  3Iuscer'da,  from poaxtrs,
'musk.'  A lozenge  for  tbe  mouth, composed of
musk, ambergris, and other aromatics.
  MOSCHELiE'ON,  Moscola'a.   A compound
aromatic oil, containing musk.
  MOSCHUS, Musk—m. Arabum, Hibiscus abel-
moschus—m. Factitious,  Musk,  artificial.
  MOSCOL.EA, Moschelaeon.
  MOSLICH, Maslach.
  MOSQUITA, see Mosquito.
  3IOSQUPTO  (S.),  Diminutive of (S.) mosca,
'a fly.'   3Iusquito.  A very troublesome insect in
warm, moist situations. Curtains, called 3Iosquito
curtains or  bars, are used by way "of protection.
The entrance of mosquitos into  the bedchamber
may also be prevented,  to  a certain  extent,  by
keeping the doors  and windows  closed  until  the
lights are extinguished.   The pain and itching
from  the bites are alleviated by  washing them
with hartshorn. 
MOSS  BERRY
60
P.                  MOUTH
  Mosquita is a name given, by tbe Portuguese,
to small, red pimples on the skin, resembling the
bites of the musquito.
  MOSS  BERRY,  Vaccinium oxycoccos — m.
Cej'lon, Fucus araylaceus—m. Club, Lycopodium
—in. Cup, Lichen pyxidatus—m. Edible,  Fucus
amylaceus — m. Haircap, Polytrichum  Juniperi-
iium—m. Iceland, Lichen Islandicus—in. Irish,
Fucus  crispus—m. Jaffna, Fucus amylaceus—m.
Marine,  Fucus  amylaceus—m. Pearl,  Chondrus
crispus — m.  Wall,  common  yellow,  Parmelia
parietina.
  MOT A, Fagus castanea.
  MOTAMEN, Motion.
  MOTATIO, Motion.
  MOTE. Carbasus, Linteum.
  MOT EUR, Motory.
  MOTHER, Hysteria, Phlegm.
  MOTHER'S  MARKS, Nsevus—m. Spots,
Naevus.
  MOTHERWORT,  Leonurus cardiaca, Matri-
caria.
  MOTIL'ITY,  Motil'itas, from  motus,  'move-
ment'   (F.)   3Iotiliti,  Motriciti.   Faculty  of
moving;  moving power ;  contractility.
  MOTION, Motus,  Mo'tio,  31ota'tio, 3Iota'men,
 Commo'tio, Pernio'tio, (movere, motum, 'to move.')
 Gine'sis, 3Iovement, (F.) Mouvement.  The act of
changing place.  The various  motions may be
divided into,—First, the  voluntary or those that
are executed  under the  influence of the brain.
Secondly, the  involuntary, which  may  be  subdi-
vided into, 1.  The excited, of the reflex function
of Dr. Marshall Hall and others,—as the closure
of the larynx on the contact of acrid vapours, of
the pharynx on that of the food, — a function of
the spinal marrow;  and, 2.  Those that are exe-
cuted under the organic and other nerves of  in-
voluntary function.   It  is  probable,  too, that
every living tissue is capable of moving respon-
sive to its appropriate irritant.   See Irritability.
  Motion, Ciliary, see  Cilia — m.  Involuntary,
see Automatic — m. Vibratory, see  Ciliary — m.
Voluntary, Autocinesis.
  MOTIVE. Motory.
  MOTOR, Motory.
  Motor  Oculi  Exter'nus,  Nervus  tim'idus,
(F.) Nerf oculo-musciilaire externe (Ch.), Nerf
motettr  oculaire  externe,   Sixth pair of nerves,
arises from the furrow  which separates  the pons
Varolii  from  the  medulla oblongata.  It  enters
the cavernous sinus ; anastomoses on the outside
of the carotid artery with two filaments  furnished
by the superior cervical ganglion ;  enters the or-
bit by the sphenoidal fissure, and is lost on the
rectus  externus oculi.  This pair is, also, called
Abdiieeutes.
  Moto'res Oculo'rum, .Moto'rii Oculoritm, Ocu-
la'res comimlnes,  Ophthalmid exter'ni, Common
 Oculo-muscular Nerves, (F.) Nerfs  moteurs ocn-
laires comrnuns (Ch.),  The third pair of nerves.
Par ter'tium.   This  nerve arises frora  a depres-
sion at the inner side  of the  peduncles of the
brain,  between the tuber annulare and corpora
manimillaria.   It enters  the outer part of the
cavernous sinus,  and passes  into  the  orbitar
cavity.   Behind the  sphenoidal fissure,  it divides
into two branches ; the one superior and the other
inferior.  The former is lost on the rectus supe-
rior oculi and the levator palpebrae superioris;
the latter — the larger  of  the two — divides into
three branches, which pass to the rectus internus,
rectus inferior, and lesser oblique.  The last fur-
nishes a filament, which passes to the ophthalmic
ganglion.
  MOTORIAL, Motory.
  MOTORPATHY, Ki'nesipathy.
  MO'TORY, 3Totive,  3I„tor, Moto'rial, Motrix,
Kinet'ic or Clnet'ic, (F.) Moteur.   Same etymon.
That which moves or causes movement, as motor
nerccs, in  contradistinction to sensory.
  MOTOS, Linteum, Tent.
  MOTO'SIS. poros,  'lint.'   The application of
lint to a wound.
  MOTRICITE, Motility.
  MOTRIX, Motory.
  3I0TTE, Mons veneris.
  MOTUM, Carbasus, Linteum.
  MOTUS, Motion —m.  Assiniilntionis, Plastic
force—m. Autoraaticus, see Automatic—m. Coin-
pressorius. Peristole—m. Cordis diastalticus, Dia-
stole—m.  Hmmorrhoidnlis, Hasmorrhois—in. In-
testinorum, Borborygmus—m. Involuntarius, seo
Autocinesis—m. Peristalticus, Peristole—m. Tes-
tudineus,  Peristole—m. Vermicularis, Peristole__
m. Voluntarius, Autocinesis.
  3IOUCHE, Cantharis — m.  d'Espagne, Can-
tharis.
  31 OU CHER L'ACTION DE, Munctio.
  3IOUCHES, see Pains, labour — m. Vohmtes,
see Metamorphopsia.
  3IOUCHETURE, see Scarification.
  MOUCHOIR  EN TRIANGLE, Couvrechef
see Bandeau.
  3IOUFETTE, see Mephitism.
  MOULD, Fontanella.
  3IOULE, Mytilus edulis.
  MOULEUR, Muller.
  MOULTING, Desquamation.
  MOUNTAIN ASH, Sorbus ncuparia—m. Ash,
American,  Sorbus  Americana—m.  Sickness,
Puna.
  3IOURETLLER, Malpighia mourella.
  MOU RON DES OISEAUX, Alsine media-
m. Rouge, Anagallis.
  MOUSE-EAR, Alsine media, Hieracium pilo-
sella.
  MOUSE-SIGHT, Myopia.
  3IOUSSE DE  CORSE, Corallina Corsicmu
—m. d'Islande, Lichen Islandicus—m. d'lrlautle,
Fucus  crispus—m. 31arine perlic, Lichen Island-
icus—m. Perlie, Fucus crispus.
  3IOUSSERON, see Agaric.
  310USSEUX, Frothy.
  3IOUSTACHE,  Mystax.
  310UT DE LA BIERE,  Wort.
  310UTARDE,  Sinapis — ???. des Allemanrh,
Cochlearia armoracia—m.  des 3Ioines, Cochlearia
armoracia.
  MOUTH, Sax. mu«, Os,  Cavum Oris, Stoma,
Gab, (Sc.) 3Iow, (Prov.) Gob, (F.) Bouche.   This
word  sometimes  signifies  the cavity situate be-
tween  the jaws, and containing the tongue, Ac;
—at others, the outer orifice of that cavity.  The
mouth, in the first acceptation, Car'itas seu Sp(t'-
tium Oris, is the cavity;  bounded,  above, by the
palatine arch;  below, by  the tongue; before, by
the lips;  and behind, by the velum palati and
pharynx.   The sides of the  mouth  and the or-
gans it contains are lined by a mucous membrane.
The anterior aperture of the mouth is, sometimes,
called facial—the posterior, pharyngeal.   In the
mouth  are  the teeth,  gums, alveolar margins,
tongue;  the  excretory  ducts of  the  salivary
glands, and those of a number of mucous follicles,
Ac.  It is in this cavity that the food is cut, torn,
or bruised  by  the teeth  ; is  impregnated with
saliva, and formed  into a  mass or bnhts, which ia
then subjected to  tbe  act of deglutition. Tho
mouth contains the organs of taste ;  and it  serves
in respiration,  articulation, expectoration, suc-
tion, Ac.
  The condition of the  mouth  requires  to be at-
tended to in Semeiology.  The state of the mu-
cous membrane. like that of the tongue, indicates
the condition of the membrane of the alimentary
canal generally. 
M OWE ME NT
607
MUCRO
   Mouth,  Os,  Aperttlra,  Orific"ium,  Hiatus,
 Pcristo'mium, is, also, applied to the open extre-
 mities of vessels or other canals.
   Mouth Root, Coptis.
   Mouth, Sore, Aphthae.
   Mourn Watering, see Salivation.
   3IOUVE3IENT, Motion—hi. Piristaltique,see
 Peristole.
   MOVEMENT, Motion—m. Cure, Kinesipathy.
   MOW, Mouth.
   MOXA, 3lt,:ribtlrium.  A word by which the
 Chineso and Japanese designate a cottony sub-
 stance, which tbey prepare  by beating the dried
 leaves of the Artemisia moxa, — a kind of mug-
 wort.   With this  down they form a cone, which
 is placed upon the part intended to be cauterized,
 nnd is set fire to at the top.   The  heat and  pain
 gradually increase, in  proportion as the combus-
 tion  proceeds  downwards,  until  ultimately  an
 eschar  may be formed.  In Europe  and  this
 country, the same operation is usually practised
 with a cylinder of cotton-wool, or with one formed
 from the pith  of the greater sun-flower.   This
 mode of cauterization  is employed as  a powerful
 counter-irritant;  which it assuredly is.  Slough-
 ing may be in some measure prevented, according
 to Baron Larrey, by the application of liquid am-
 monia to the burnt part.
   Tbe term moxa  has  been  extended to any sub-
 stance, which by gradual  combustion  on or near
 the skin is employed  as a  counter-irritant, — as
 the electric or galvanic moxa or cautery, in which
 voltaic electricity is employed as the cauterizing
 agent.
   MOXIBURIUM, Moxa.
   MOXIBUS'TION,   3Ioxibus'tio,  3Ioxocau'sis,
 Encnu'sis.  Mode  of cauterization by means  of
 moxa.
   MOXOCAUSIS, Moxibustion.
   MOXON'S  EFFERVESCING MAGNESIA,
 sec  Magnesia, effervescing, Moxon's.
   MUCAGO, Liquor sanguinis, Mucilage.
   MUCARUM, Mucbarum.
   MUCCINIUM,  Mucilage.
   MUCEDO, Mucilage.
   MUCHA'RUM, Muca'rum. A barbarous term,
 formerly used for  an  aqueous infusion of roses,
 sweetened, and evaporated to the  consistence  of
 syrup.
   MUCIFIC, Blennogenous.
   MU'CIFORM, 3Iucifiorm'is, 3fyxo'des,  Blen-
 no'des,  BlennoV des, BlennoV tleus,  from mucus,
 and forma, ' form.'  Resembling mucus in  cha-
 racter or appearance.
   MU'CILAGE,  Mucila'go, Muca'go,  3Iuce'do,
 3fnccin'ium, from  the Lat.  mucus, — itself  pre-
 sumed to be frora mungere, munctuin, 'to wipe the
 nose.'   A mixture of gum and a small quantity
 of matter analogous to mucus, which is found  in
 abundance in linseed, quince-seed, Ac.  It is ob-
 tained by  heating in  water the parts, or  pro-
 ducts,  of plants which contain  it.  It is much
 used in the preparation of emollient  cataplasms
 and the greater part  of the demulcent tisanes,
 (F.) Hydrides, Hydrolites.
  Mucilage, see Liquor sanguinis—?»?.  Atlragant,
 Mncilago astragali tragncanthiu — m.  de gomme
 Adntgaiite, Mncilago astragali tragacantha) — in.
 tie gomme Arabique, Mncilago acacias.
  Mucilage, Animal,  Mucus.
  MUCILAGE ARABIQUE, Mncilago acacia?
—in. of Barley, Mncilago hordei—ra.  of Quince-
seeds, Decoctum cydonias—m. of Rice, see Oryza
— in. of  Sassafras Pith, Infusum  sassafras  me-
dullar
  Mucilage, Starch,  Mucilago amyli.
   MUCILAG INEUX, Mucilaginous.
   M UCTLAG"IN 0US, 31ncilagiiio'sus, Gummo'-
sits, Giimniio'tlcH, Gummido'des, |F.) 3/iicihigiueux.
Gummy.  Resembling gum.   That which pos-
sesses the character of mucilage.
   MUCILAGO, Mucilage, Mucilago Acaciie, Sy-
novia.
   Mucilago Aca'cia?, 31. Acacia Arab'ica seu
Gummi Arab'ica,  3/uci/a'go, Mistu'ra Aca'cia,
.Mucilage of aca'cia  or of gum Arabic. (F.) 3Inci-
lage Arabiquc ou  de gomme Arabique.  (Acacia
yum. contus. ^iv;  aq. bullient.  Oss.  Bub tbe
gum with tbe water gradually added.)  Demul-
cent.  To allay cough ; but, chiefly, to suspend
insoluble matters in water,  Ac
   Mucilago Am'yi.I, Starch mucilage, Decoc'tum
Arrlyli.  (Amyli, ^iij ; aqua, Oj.   Rub the starch
with the water gradually added; then boil till it
forms a mucilage—Ph.L.)  Demulcent.   Gene-
rally given per uuitm.
   Mucilago Articcloru.m seu  Juncturauum,
Synovia.
   Mucilago Astrag'ali Tragacan'th^e. 31. tm-
gttcnutlia (Ph. U.  S.)  seu  gummi tragacantha,
Mucilage  of tragacanth, Mucilage Atlragant  ou
de gomme Adrtignnte.  (Gummi tragacanth. £j ;
aqua bullient. Oj.   Macerate for 24 hours; tritu-
rate till the gum is dissolved, and press through
linen.)  Used for pharmaceutical purposes.
   Mucilago Cretica, Mistura;  cretee—in. Gum-
mi Arabici,  M. acacias.
   Mucila'go  Hor'dei,  3Iu'cilage of Bailey.
(Hordei, £**, (avoirdupois) Aqua, f^xvi.  Tri-
turate well;  and  boil.  Ph. D.)  A'vehicle for
substances given  in  enemata.
   Mucilago Seminis Cydonii Mali,  Decoctum
cydonia; — m. Gummi tragacantha;. M. astragali
tragacantha; — in.  Tragacantha;,  M.  astragali
traga cantbas.
   MUCIN, Mucus.
   MUCIPAROUS,  3f,icip'arus, (F.)  3Incipare,
from mucus, and pari,,, 'I bring forth.'  Mucous-
producing;  as muciparous glands  or follicles.
   MUCI'TIS, Mycodermi'tis,  from  mucus, and
itis, denoting inflammation.  A term, badly formed,
for inflammation of  a mucous  membrane.
   MUOKSWEAT, Desudatio.
   MUCOCE'LE,  Hernia sacci lacryma'lis, from
mucus, nnd KvXn,  'rupture.'  An enlargement  or
protrusion of the mucous membrane ofthe lachry-
mal  passages,  giving occasion  to fistula  lacry-
malis.   Also, dropsy of the lacryraal sac.
   MUCO-ENTERITIS. see Enteritis.
   MUOO-PU'RULENT, 3Iueo-pitri..leiltus, Pyo-
bleilnicns,  from  mucus, and pits.   Having the
character or appearance of mucus  and pus.
   MUCOB,  Euros, .Mucus—in. Narium,  Nasal
mucus.
   MUCOSIN, see Mucus.
   MUCOSITAS, Mucosity,  Mucus.
   MUCOSTTY,  Mucos'itos, (F.)  3Iucositi.   A
fluid, which  resembles  mucus, or contains a cer-
tain  quantity of it.
   MUCOUS. Mueo'sus. (F.) 3t„qnct,x.  An epi-
thet  for all bodies containing mucilage or  mucus.
It is, also, sometimes used synonymously with
gummy.   In pathology, it  is  occasionally em-
ployed to express the seat of a disease, as  mucous
tlisease, mucous phlegmasia ; that is, having its
seat  in a raucous membrane.
   Mucous Corpusclks. see Mucus — m.  Layer,
see  Tache  emhrynnnnire — m. Membranes, see
Membranes — in. Web, Corpus mucosum.
   MUCRO,  Apex. 
MUCRONATA  CARTILAGO    608
MULSUM
  MucRO  seu Cor'yphe seu Fundus seu  Vertex
Cordis.  The apex or point of  the heart.
  Mucro  Humeri, Acromion.
  MUCRONATA  CARTILAGO,  Xiphoid  car-
tilage.
  MUCRONATUM  OS, Xiphoid cartilage.
  MU'CULENT, Mitculen'tita, from mucus.  Slimy,
viscid.
  MUCUNA, see  Dolichos pruriens — m. Pru-
riens, Dolichos  pruriens — m. Prurita, see Do-
lichos pruriens.
  MUCUS,  Muc.or, 3Iuco'sus humor, 3fueos'itas,
Myxa, 3Iycit.s, Lape, Pitulta, Blenna, Zoomy'-
cus,  Zo'omyx'a, Pit'uite, Animal mucus, Animal
mucihige,  (F.) 31uqneux animal, 3Iorve,  Mucilage
animal, presumed to be from mungere, 'to wipe
the nose.'   A substance, analogous to vegetable
mucilage; from which,  however, it differs,  by
affording  subcarbonate of ammonia on distilla-
tion.  Mucus exudes through the skin,  in a state
of combination with a peculiar oily matter;  and,
drying, forms the epidermis.   It  constitutes, in
part, the  different  epidermeous  productions, as
the hair, nails, wool,  and horn of animals, feathers
of birds,  and scales of fish.   It is found at the
surface of the mueous membranes, and presents
some difference in its composition and properties,
according to the particular  mucous membrane
from which it is obtained.  Its chief organic con-
stituent is an albuminoid compound,—mucin, mu-
cosin.  Mucus preserves  the  membranes moist,
and in a state best fitted for  the performance of
their functions. The French give the terra gluire
to the thick, stringy mucus, secreted by the  mu-
cous membranes when in a state of disease.
  AVhen mucus is examined with the microsenpo
it is found to contain numerous epithelial scales
or flattened cells ; together with round, granular
bodies, commonly termed  mucous corpuscles  or
mucous globules, which are contained in  a fluid
portion—liquor mnci.
  Mucus  CARPnooES, see Carphodes — m. On-
tharticus,  Lichen Islandicus—m. Malpighii, Cor-
pus tnucosum—m. Narium, Nasal mucus.
  MUD-APPLE PLANT, Solanum melongcna.
  MUDAR, .Matlnr.  The  Cnlotropis mudnrii seu
madarii, C.  gigante'a, Ascle'pias gigunte'n, Ma.
do'rius.    Ord.  Asclepiadaceae.   In the Hindoo
practice of physic, the bark of the root,  as well
as  the concrete juice of the plant, enters into
various  compound formulae for the cure of ele-
phantiasis and  many  other disorders.  Experi-
ments instituted by Dr. Duncan, Jr., exhibit  its
properties to be like those of ipecacuanha.  Mixed
with oil it is used in gout in Malabar.
  MUDGE'S  INHALER, see Inhaler.
  MUDLICK, see Kentucky, Mineral waters of.
  3IUGUET, Aphthae, Convallaria maialis — m.
des Bois,  Asperula odorata—in. de 3lai, Conval-
laria  maialis.
  MUGWORT, Artemisia vulgaris.
  3IULATRE, Mulatto.
  MULATTO,  (F.)  Mitldtre,  (S.)  3Iu!nta.   An
individual of  the human species engendered of a
white and black race; from mid us, 'a mule.'
  The following table exhibits the proportion of
white blood in the various castes, — arising from
the hybridous admixture of white and black,—
according to the principles sanctioned by usage.
offspring.
DEGREE OP MIXTURE.
Negro and White...................... Mulatto, ................................  1-2  White,
White and Mulatto,.................. Terceron.................................  3-4  ----
,T       j at  1 ....               f Griffo, Griff, or Zambo, )         n  <
Negro and Mulatto,................|   or Black Terceron,   j..........  1"4  ----
White and Terceron,................. Quarteron or Quadroon,............  7-8  ----
Negro and Terceron.................. Black Quarteron or Quadroon....  1-8  ——
White and Quarteron................. Quinteron............................... 15-16 ----
Negro and Black Quarteron,....... Black Quinteron......................  1-16 ----
 1-2
 1-4
 3-4
 1-8
 7-8
 1-lfi
15-16
Black.
  The last two were considered to be respectively
white and   black, in  the  British West India
Islands;  and  the  former,  prior to   modern
changes, were white  by law, and  consequently
free.  See Half-caste.
  Mulatto Jack, Fever, yellow.
  MULBERRY CALCULUS, see  Calculi,  uri-
nary.
  Mul'bep.ry Mass.  The mulberry-like appear-
ance, presented by the embryo, at a  very early
stage, when the different cells have drawn around
them a  portion of  the vitellus or yolk.
  Mulberry Rash, see Typhus—m. Red, Morus
rubra — m. Tree,  Morus nigra — m. Wild, Morus
rubra.
  MULES (F.), 31'ula.  Chilblains on the heels.
  ALU LET, Hybrid.
  MULGE'DIUM ACUMINATUM,  (mulgere,
mitlsum, ' to milk,') Lactilca villo'sa,  Blue Let-
tuce; and
  Mulge'dium Florida'num, Lactilca  Florida'-
na, Sonchus Florida'nus,  Fttlse  Lettuce; indige-
nous plants; Order, Compositae  ; have the repu-
tation of curing the bites of  rattlesnakes.
  MULIEBRIA, Menses, Vulva.
  MULIEBRITY, Mulieritas.
  MULIEBROS'ITAS, Phylogyn'in,from mulier,
'a woman,' muliebris, 'appertaining  to  women.'
Fondness for women.   Hence, Mnliebro'sus, 3Iu-
liera'rius, and  3Iuliero'sus; one who is  fond of
women.
  MULIEBROSUS, see Muliebrositas.
  MULIERARIUS, see Muliebrositas.
  MULIE'RITAS, 3Iulieb'rity, Womanhood, from
mulier, 'a woman.'  The state of puberty in the
female.
  MULIEROSUS, see Muliebrositas.
  MULIER  PLENA, Pregnant.
  MULLED WINE,  see Wine.
  MULLEIN,  BLACK, Verbascum nigrum —m.
Broad-leaved,  great,   Verbascum  nigrum — m.
Yellow, Verbascum nigrum.
  MULLER, (F.)3fouleur.  A moulder. A stone
held  in  the hand, with  which any powder is
ground upon a horizontal slab.  It is sometimes
called mullet, (F.) 3Iollette.
  MULLIGRUBS, Tormina, Colic.
   MULLIN. Melizomum.
   MULOMEDICINA, Veterinary art.
   MULOMEDICUS,  see Hippiater.
   MULSA  ACIDA, Oxyglycus.
   MULSUM, Hydromeli—m. Vinosum, CEnomeL 
MULTIFIDUS  SPINJE        609
MUSA
  MULTIFIDUS SPINj-E, Transversalis dorsi.
  MULTIFOiTA'TION, Mnltifa-ta'tio, from mul-
tus,  ' many,'  and foetus.  Pregnancy with more
than two foetuses.
  Ml'LTILOC'ULAR, 3fultilocula'ris, from mul-
di«,  'many,' and loculus, 'a cell.'  Having many
cells or small cavities.
  MULTIMAM'M^!,  (F.)  3lultimammes,  from
tmdtus,' many,' and mamma, 'a breast.'  A variety
of hypergenesis, in which there  are  supernume-
rary mamma;.
  M ULTTP'AROUS, 3Iultip'arris, (F.) 3Iultipare,
from midtus, 'many,'and purire,  ' to  bring forth.'
Ono that brings forth several young at the same
time.  Such a birth is called plural.
  MUL TIPLICA TION 3IERIS3IATIQ UE, see
 Generation.
  MULT ITU DO,  Plethora.
  MULTIVORANTIA, Polyphagia.
   MULTIVOROUS, Polyphagous.
   MUMIA, Mummy—m. de Medullis, Marrow.
   MUMLSATIO, Mummification.
   MIMMIFICA'TION, 3Iumisa'tio, from mum-
 my, and fin,  ' to  be made.'  Sceleteu'sis.  The
 mode of preparing a mummy.
   MUMMY, .Muinia, Arab. 3Ioumya, from  mum,
 'wax.'   llebolea,  Rebona, (F.)  3Iomie.  A dead
 body simply  dried,  or dried  after  having been
 embalmed.   The latter acceptation is the most
 common.  Formerly, the Egyptian  mummy was
 extolled as  useful  in  contusions.   It was pre-
 sumed, also, to have healing, tonic, and resolvent
 properties.   It is now only regarded as an archai-
 cal curiosity.
    MUMPS,  Cynanche parotidea.
    MUXCHATOE, Mystax.
    MUNC'TIO, Apomex'is, (F.)  VAction de mou-
  cher, from mungere, mitiictum, ' to blow the  nose.'
  The act of blowing  the nose.
    MUNDIFICANTIA, Detergents.
    MUNDIFICATIVA, Detergents.
    MUND'TIA SPINO'SA.  A  plant of the Nat.
  Ord. Polygaleae, which grows in Southern Africa,
  and a decoction of whose  branches is  used  in
  atrophy, phthisis, Ac.
    iMUNGOS RADIX, Ophiorrhiza mungos.
    MUNGKEL, Hybrid.
    MUNf.MENTUM CASTITATIS, Hymen.
    MUQUEUN ANI3IAL, Mucus.
    MUR, see Coryza.
    MURAL, 3Inra'lis, from murus, 'a wall.' Ve-
  sical calculi are so  called, when rugous and  co-
  vered with   tubercles or asperities.   They  are
  composed of oxalate of lime.
    MURE,  Moro, see Moros nigra.
    MURFLES. Ephelides, Papula;.
    MU'RIA, Hahne. Saldhlgo,  Brine, (F.) Sau-
  mnre, ('aXpvpis, 'salt water.')  This was formerly
  used as  a glyster in dysentery,  in certain invete-
  rate neuralgias, Ac.
    Muria, Soda, muriate of.
    MURIAS AUBICO-NATRICUM, see Gold.
    .MURIATE  D'AM3IONIAQUE, Ammoniae
  murias-;-))!.  d'Ammoniaque et defer, Ferrum ara-
  inoniatura—m. d'Or, Gold, muriate of, see Gold.
    MURIAT'IC ACID, from  muria;  Ac"idum
  salis seu iiniri'iiiim concent ra'turn seu salis cnlinil-
  ris seu  salis mttrlni, Spir'itus  salis mari'ni seu
  salis  Glnuhe'ri  sen sal is  ac"idtts seu fumans,
  Acidum hi/drochlar'icitm seu muriat'icum,  Spirit
 of salt, (V.) Acide liydrochloriqite ou  muriatique.
 An aqueous solution of chlorohydric acid  gas  of
 s. g. 1-16.  The odour of muriatic  acid is  suffo-
 cating;  taste very acid and caustic.  It is nearly
       39
Colourless when pure; but commonly of a pale
yellow; volatile; the  fumes  visible.   Muriatic
acid is possessed of tonic and antiseptic proper-
ties.  It is used in typhus ; cutaneous eruptions ;
in  gargles  for inflammatory and putrid sore
throats, (gtt. xxx to f^vj of water,) Ac   When
added to a pediluvium, it renders it stimulating.
  Acidum  Muriat'icum  Dilu'tuji of the Ph. U.
S. contains four fluidounces  of muriatic acid, to
twelve fluidounces of distilled water.
   MURIDE, Bromine.
  MURIER NOIR, Morus nigra.
   MURIGENE, Chlorine.
   MURINA, Bromine.
   MURMUR, (F.) 3lurmiire. A  word existing
both in the Romanic and Teutonic languages, and
probably a variety of onomatopoeia; — mur mnr
expressing the kind of sound which the word in-
 dicates.  A low continued or  continuously  re-
 peated sound, as  that  of flame,  or of a  stream
 running over a stony bottom.
    Murmur Aurium,  Tinnitus Aurium — m. In-
 testinale seu intestinorum seu Ventris, Borboryg-
 mus.
    Murmur, Res'piratory.  (F.)  Bruit respira-
 toire.  The noise  heard during inspiration and
 expiration, especially the former.   It is produced
 by the passage of  the air through the  bronchial
 tubes  and into the  air-cells.  It  has  been also
 called murmur of the expansion of the lungs, (F.)
 Bruit d'exjronsion  piilmonaire;  and, when dis-
 tinctly vesicular, Respiration of the cells or ve-
 sicular respiration, (F.) Respiration ou murmure
 visicnlaire.  Vesicular  respiration is  of course
 absent when tbe cells of the lungs have been ob-
 literated  from any cause.   We may then have
 the Respiration riulle, Absence du bruit respira-
 toire, Silence, and Respiration silencieuse of the
 French writers.
    At times, it is rude during inspiration or expi-
 ration, or both — the Respiration rude or It. ru-
  peuse, of the French.  At others, there is  a blow-
 ing sound, (F.) Souffle, Respiration soufitnnte, as
 if some  one were  blowing into the auscultatory
 ear through a tube.   This is  heard in the healthy
  state over the larynx,  trachea,  (F.) Souffle tra-
  chinl, and about tbe bifurcation of the bronchia,
  (F.)  Soujfe bronchique; but when it proceeds
 from the lungs it denotes  disease.  It may be
  tubular or diffused.  In the former, the whiffing
  murmurs appear to occur in a space limited to the
  immediate neighbourhood of the  part  examined.
  In tbe latter, tbey are produced with but mode-
  rate intensity, and sometimes at a distance from
  the ear,  over a tolerably extended space.
    The respiration, perceived over the trachea and
  bronchia in health, is called tracheal or bronchial
  or tubal,  (F.) Respiration bronchique,  Souffle  tn-
  baire, according to the situation in which it is
  heard.
    Murmur,  Uterine,  Bruit placentaire — m.
  Utero-placental, Bruit placentaire.
    Murmur, Whiffing, see Murmur, respiratory.
    MURR,  3Iun-ain, from A. S.  mypnhan, 'to
  destroy,' or from (L.) mod, ' to die.' (F.) Clavean,
  Clarelie, Pestilential, Fever.  An epizootic, per-
  haps contagious, disease, having some resemblance
  to small-pox, which affects cattle—especially
  sheep; and is said to  have  been transferred to
  man.
    MURRAIN, see Coryza.
    MURR EN, Coryza.
    MUSA, M.  Paradisiaca — m.  Cliffortiana,  M.
  Paradisiaca—m. Mensaria, M. Paradisiaca.
    Musa  Paradisi'aca, 3Iusa. 3f. 31ensa'ria seu
  Cliffortia'na, Amusa, Palrna hu'milis,  Ficus  III' 
MUSC
610
MUSCLE
dica,  Bata,  Plat'anus, Plantain tree.  Family,
Musaceae.   Sex. Syst.  Hexaudria  Monogynia.
It grows in  many parts  of  India  and  South
America.  The  fruit, which is  largely eaten  for
bread, consists  of  a mealy substance, Plantain
meal, Conquin-tay.   Itis clammy; has a sweetish
taste, and will dissolve in the mouth without chew-
ing.   The whole spike of fruit often weighs forty
or fifty pounds.   The leaves of the tree serve the
Indians  for  tablecloths  and  napkins.    Being
smooth and soft, they are also employed as dress-
ings for blisters.  The water from the soft trunk
is astringent, and sometimes used in diarrhcea.
   Musa Sapien'tum.   The Bana'na  tree, Baco'-
ba, (F.) Bananier, Bacove.  This  differs some-
what from the  last.   The fruit,  Banclna,  (S.)
Platano, is shorter, straighter,  and rounder;  the
pulp  softer and  of a more  luscious taste.   When
ripe,  it  is very  agreeable; it  is eaten  like  the
plantain, and relished  by all ranks  of people in
the West Indies.  Both varieties are natives of
Guinea.
   3fUSC, Musk.
   MUSCA HISPANICA,  Cantharis.
   MUSOE  ENTO-HYALOID,  see Metamor-
phopsia—m. Volitantes, see Metamorphopsia.
   3IUSCADE,  see Myristica moschata.
   MUSCADIER,  Myristica moschata.
   MUSCERDA, Moschardina.
   MUSCLE, (old Eng.) Brawn, 3Ius'cuius, Torus,
Lacer'tus, Mys,  3Iyon, from pvs. 'a mouse  or rat;'
because, say some etymologists, the ancients com-
pared the muscles to flayed mice or rats.   Accord-
ing  to  Diemerbroeck,  Douglass, Chaussier,  Ac,
pvnv  comes rather from pvttv, ' to close,' ' to move,'
Ac, a function  proper to muscles.  This  etymon
is the more probable.   Muscles have been  divided
into those  of Animal life or ofthe life of relation
— voluntary muscles — which execute movements
under the influence of the will; as the  muscles
of the limbs, bend, trunk, Ac, nnd into  those of
organic life—involuntary muscles—which contract
under the influence of certain special stimuli; ns
the heart, fleshy fibres of the stomach, Ac. 31itetl
muscles are those which belong  partly to each of
these divisions ; — as the muscles of respiration •
the sphincters,  Ac.   Muscles that act in oppo-
sition to  each other are called antagonists ; thus,
every extensor has a  flexor for an antagonist, and
conversely.   Muscles that  concur in the siime
action are  termed congenerous.   The  muscles
present numerous varieties in  form, size, situa-
tion, use, Ac, and have been divided, by some
into long, broad, and  short.   Each  of these divi-
sions comprises simple  and compound  muscles.
Simple or rectilinear  muscles have all their fibres
in a similar direction, and only  one body—as the
Sartorius, Pronator  quadratus, Ac.   Compound
muscles are those which have  only one belly  and
several tendons, as the flexors  of the fingers  and
toes; or  several bellies and  several tendons, — as
the biceps flexor  cubiti, sncro-lumbalis,  Ac.  To
the compound muscles belong, also, the radiated
muscles.   Their fibres  set  out from a  common
centre, and are arranged like the radii of a circle;
— such are the diaphragm, iliacus, temporal, &c.
Pennated or  Pennifiorm Muscles.  Their fibres
are arranged in two  rows, which are united  at a
median line, at  greater or less angles; nearly as
the feathers  are inserted into a quill.  The pal-
maris  longus is one  of these.   Senti-peunifnrrri
muscles: their fibres  are oblique, as  in  the  lust
case; but they are inserted only on one side of
the tendon.  Hollow  3Iuscles are,—the heart, in-
testines,  urinary bladder, Ac.
  Much  difference has existed  in  the enumera-
tion of muscles.   Some  authors reckon  them nt
upwards  of  400.   Chaussier  admits only  .'ifi8.
The greater part of them are in  pairs.  Very few
are azygous.
TABLE OF  THE  MUSCLES, ARRANGED AFTER THE  MANNER OF  DR. BARCLAY,
                            ACCORDING TO THEIR ACTIONS.
THE  HEAD IS  MOVED
          Forwards by
Platysma myoides,
Sterno-inastoideus,
Rectus anticus major,
  "     "     minor,

  Assisted (when the lower jaw is
           fixed) by
Mylo-hyoideus,
Genio-hyoideus,
Renio-hyo-glossus,
Digastrici.
         Backwards by
Part of trapezius,
Splenius capitis,
Complexus,
Trachelo-mastoideus,
Rectus posticus major,
  "      "    minor,
Obliquus capitis superior.
         To either side by
Platysma myoides,
St urn o-mastoideus.
Part of trapezius,
Splenius capitis,
        colli,
Trachelo-mastoideus,
Complexus.
THE  NECK IS MOVED
       Forwards by
Platysma myoides,
Pterno-mastoideus,
Disastrous,
Mylo-hyoideus,
Genio-hyoideus,
Genio-hyo-glossus
Omo hyoidei,
Sterno-hyoidei,
Thyro-hyoidei,
Rectus anticus minor,
Longus colli.
37
         Backwards by
Part of trapezius,
Rhonihoideus minor,
Serratus posticus superior,
Splenius capitis,
   "    colli,
Complexus,
Trachelo-mastoideus,
Transversalis colli,
Iiiterspinalcs colli,
Semi-spinalcs colli,
Rectus posticus major,
   "     "    minor,
Obliquus capitis superior,
    "      "    inferior,
Scaleni postici.
Levator scapuls.
         Laterally by
Various combinations of those nuii-
  cles which separately move it foi
  wards and  harkuanls assMtrd by
  the scaleni. intertransiirsalej, and
  recti laterales. 
MUSCLE
fill
MUSCLE
          Forwards by

Rectus abdominis,
Pvramiilalis.
Obliquus externus abdominis,
i 'bliquus internus,
I'imuis iiinuiius,
      parvus,

Assisted (when  the, ttrms are carried
          forwards) by
Pectoralis  major,
    "     minor,
Serratus magnus.
      THE TRUNK IS MOVED

          Backwards by

Trapezius,
Rhomboideus major,
Latissimus dorsi,
Serratus posticus superior,
           "     inferior,
Sacro-lumbalis,
Loninssiuius dorsi,
Spiiuiles dor-i,
Si-nii-spiiinles dorsi,
Multifidus spina;,
Iiiter-transvcrsales dorsi et lumbo-
  rum.
          Laterally by

Obliquus externus,
         internus,
Quadratus lumborum,
Longissimus dorsi,
Sarro luuibalis,
Serrati postici,
Latissimus dorsi.
    Upwards by

Trniiczius,
Levator scapulte,
lihuinboidei.
        THE SCAPULA  IS  MOVED

Downwards by              Forwards by
Lower part of trapezius,
Latissimus dorsi,
Pectoralis minor.
Pectoralis minor,
Serratus magnus.
     Backwards ley

Part of trapezius,
Rhoniboiclei,
Latissimus dorsi.
THE HUMERUS IS MOVED
     Forwards by

Cart, of deltoid,
I'art of pectoralis major,

Assisted in some  circum-
       stances by
Hiccps,
Coraco-brachialis.
     Backwards by

Part of deltoid,
Teres major,
      mitior,
Long head of triceps,
Latissimus dorsi.
     Inwards by

Part of pectoralis major,
Latissimus dorsi.
    Rotated inwards by

Subscapulars,

  Assisted occasionally by
Pertornlis major,
Latissimus and teres ma-
  jor.

       Outwards by
Supra-spinatus,
Infraspinatus,
Teres minor.
     Forwards by

Biceps,
Brailiialis anticus,
Pronator teres,

      Assisted by
Flexor carpi radialis
  "    sublimis,
  "    ulnaris,
Supinator longus.
THE FORE-ARM  IS  MOVED

      Backwards by
Triceps,
Anconeus.
   Rotated inwards by

Pronator  teres,
Flexor carpi  radialis,
Palmaris  longus.
Flexor sublimis.
Pronator  quadratus.

     Outwards by
Riceps,
Supinator brevis.
Extensor  secundi  inter-
  nodii.
THE CARPUS IS MOVED
     Forwards by

Flexor carpi radialis,
I'almnris longus,
flexor sublimis,
  "    carpi ulnaris,
      profundus,
  "    longus pollicis.
Backwards by
Outwards by
Extensor  carpi   radialis  Flexor carpi radialis,
radialis
inter-
  lon<;ior,
Extensor  carpi
  brevior,
Extensor  secundi
  nodii,
Indicator,
Extensor communis digi-
  torum.
Extensor proprius pollicis.
                               towards by

                           Flexor sublimis,
Extensor  carpi   radialis    "    carpi ulnaris,
  longior,                    "    profundus,
Extensor  carpi   radialis  Extensor communis digi-
  brevior,                    torum.
Extensor ossis inetacarpi,  Extensor minimi digiti,
Extensor primi internodii.  Extensor carpi ulnaris.
THE THUMB IS MOVED
 Inwards  and forwards
   arni.M  the palm, by

'Tpoiieiis  pollicis,
K'i xoi hrci is,
 "   Jonpus
Outwards and backwards
           by
Upwards  and  forrmrds,
  away from  the other fin-
  gers, by
Extensor  ossis inetacarpi   Abductor,
  pollicis,
Extensor primi internodii,    Assisted by part of the
Extensor  secondi  inter-
  nodii.
Flexor brevis.
Backwards  and  inwards,
  to the other fingers, by

Adductor,
Rxtpnsor primi internodii,
Extensor  secundi  inter-
  nodii. 
MUSCLE
01
MUSCLE
 Fbrwards, or flexed, by

Flexor sublimis,
  ••    profundus,
Lumbricales,
Intcrossei,
Flexor brevis  digiti  m
  nimi,
Abductor digiti minimi.
            THE FINGERS ARE MOVED

                           Outwards, to  radial  bar-
Bcckwards, or extended, by            der. by                  htcirds \ry

                           Abductor indiris.          Abductor digiti minimi,
Extensor communis
minimi digiti,
digiti minimi,
luterossci.
Indicator.
THE THIGH IS MOVED
     Forwards by

Psoas magnus,
Iliacus,
Tensor vaginie  femoris,
Pectineus,
Adductor longus,
         brevis.
     Backwards by

Glutens maximus.
Part of gluteus medius,
Pvriformis,
Obturator internus,
Part of adductor magnus,
Long head of biceps,
Pemi-tendinosus,
Semi-inembraiiosus.
     Inwards by

Psoas magnus,
Iliacus.
I'crlineus,
Gracilis,
Adductor longus,
         brevis,
    "    magnus,
Obturator externus,
Quadratus femoris.
     Outwinds by

Tensor vagina? femoris
Gluteus maximus,
   "    medius.
   "    minimus,
Pyriformis.
THE THIGH IS ROTATED
     Inwards by

Tensor vaginie femoris,
Part of gluteus medius,

And,  when the leg is ex-
        tended, by
Sartorius.
Semi-tendinosus.
     Outwards by

Gluteus maximus.
Part of gluteus medius,
Pyriformis.   .
Gemellus superior,
Obturator internus,
Gemellus inferior.
Quadratus femoris,
Obturator externus,
Psoas magnus,
Iliacus.
Adductor longus,
         brevis,
    "    magnus.
Biceps cruris, slightly.
 Backwards, or flexed, by

Semi-tendinosus,
Biceps,
Semi-menibranosus,
Gracilis,
Sartorius,
Popliteus.
THE LEG IS MOVED

                Extended by
Rectus,
Crureus,
Vastus externus,
   "    internus.
THE FOOT IS MOVED
Forwards, or flexed, by    Backwards, or extended by     Inclined inwards by
Tibialis anticus,
Extensor proprius pollicis,
Extensor   longus digito-
  rum,
Peroneus tertius.
Gastrocnemius,
Plantaris,
Rolens,
Flexor longus digitorum,
       longus pollicis,
Tibialis posticus,
Peroneus  longus,
    "     brevis.
Extensor proprius pollicis,
Flexor longus digitorum,
       longus pollicis,
Tibialis posticus.
       Outwards by

Peroneus longus,
    "    brevis.
Extensor   longus
  rum,
Peroneus tertius.
digit*-
THE TOES ARE MOVED
 Backwards, or flexed, by

Abductor pollicis,
Flexor brevis digitorum,
Abductor minimi digiti,
Flexor longus pollicis,
   "   digitorum,
   "   accessorius,
1,'imbrirales,
Fl».\or brevis pollicis,
Adductor pollicis.
Flexor brevis minimi  di-
  giti.
Intcrossei.
 Forwards, or extended, by

Extensor  longus  digito-
  rum,
Extensor proprius polliris,
    "    brevis digitorum.
   Inclined inwards by

Abductor pollicis,
Interossei.
      Outwards by -

Adductor pollicis,    .
    "    digiti uiinimi,
Interossei. 
MUSCLE  CAXiy          613              MUSCULINE
  Muscles have  been variously  named.   1. Ac-
cording  to their  uses, as diapbnigra, buccinator,
extensors,.flexors, adductors, abductors, levators,
depressors,  Ac.  2.  According to their  position,
ns iuterspinules, interossei, subclavius, poplitaeus,
anconeus, cubitalis,  iliacus, temporalis,  Ac.  3.
According to their shape, as  trapezius, splenius,
bimbricalis,  serratus, digastric, deltoid, scalenus,
rhomboides, Ac.  4. According  to their  dimen-
tinns, as pectoralis  major,  rectus capitis  anticus
major, pectoralis minor, glutaeus maximus, me-
dius, and minimus.  5. According to their direc-
tion, as obliquus abdominis,  transversalis abdo-
minis, rectus femoris, rectus  abdominis,  Ac.  6.
According to their composition, as semi-membra-
nosus, semi-tendinosus, complexus,  Ac.  7. -<4c-
cui-ding  to  their attachments,  or  the  different
points of the skeleton with which they are con-
nected  by means of tendons  or aponeuroses ; as
Bterno-cleido-mastoideus,  sterno-hyoideus,  Ac.
On this is grounded  the nomenclature of  M. Du-
mas, and that of Chaussier.
  Tbe end of the muscle,  which adheres to the
most fixed  part, is  usually called the  origin or
head, (F.) Tete; and that which adheres to the
more moveable  part, the insertion or  tail, (F.)
 Queue ;  the intervening part or  body ofthe mus-
cle being called the venter or belly,  Venter nius'-
eidi,  Me'dium mus'culi,  (F.)  Ventre:  hence the
 names gastrocnemii, digastricus, biceps,  and tri-
 ceps ; according as they have two b'ellies, two or
 three heads, Ac.
   Muscles   are  formed, — 1. Essentially  of the
 muscular or fleshy fibre, (see  Muscular  Fibre.)
 2. Of Areolar tissue, which unites together the
 fibres.  This areolar tissue  is  not very visible
 between the fine and  loose fibres; but becomes
 more so, when they unite in  more considerable
 fasciculi.  It forms, moreover, to each  muscle, an
 external envelope, which  unites  it to  the neigh-
 bouring parts, and  admits of its motion.  This
 envelope was formerly called Tu'nica pro'pria
 musculo'rum.   3. Of  Arteries.   These  proceed
 from neighbouring  trunks, and are,  generally,
 very large.  Their  size and number are always
 in proportion  to  the bulk  of the muscle.  With
 the exception  of some viscera, as the  lungs and
 tho kidneys, there are  few  organs that receive as
 much blood as the muscles.  4.  Of Veins.  They
 follow the same course  in  the muscles as the ar-
 teries.   Bichat  asserts that  they  are  generally
 devoid  of valves.  5.  Of Lymphatics.  Of these
 we  know little,  and cannot  easily follow them
 between the fleshy fibres.  6.  Of .Verves.   These
 are  numerous, and of different  sizes.   They, al-
 most all, proceed from the  encephalon;  some,
 however, issue  from ganglions,  and accompany
 the  arteries.   In  general, they penetrate the
 fleshy tissue along with the  vessels, with which
 they are closely united.  After they  have en-
tered  tbe  muscles,  they  divide  and  subdivide
 until they are lost sig-ht of.
  3IISULE CAXIX, Levator  anguli  oris — m.
 Canneli, Ischio-trochanterianus.
  Muscle op Gavard.  The oblique  muscular
fibres of the stomach.
 _ 31USCIE GHAXD  FESSIER, Gluteus ma-
jor—m. of Outhrie,  Compressor  Crethnv—ra. of
Horner, Tensor  Tarsi—m. of Houston, Compres-
sor veme dorsalis penis — m.  tres Large  du this.
Latissimus dorsi—in. of Wilson,  Compressor ure-
thral.
  MUS'CULAR, 3fuscnla'ris. .Mnsculo'sus, Toro'-
sns,  (F.) .Musculaire,   3Iii»culeux.  That which
belongs or relates to the muscles.  Well furnished
with muscles,  Lacerto'sus.
  MrsrtLAU Ar'teries.   Arteries that  are dis-
tributed  to  the  muscles.  The  name,  Muscular
Arteries of the eye, has been especially given to |
 two branches sent off by the ophthalmic artery:
 — the one, inferior, which  furnishes branches to
 the rectus inferior oculi, lachrymal sac, Ac, and
 some  of  the  anterior ciliary arteries: the  other
 —the superior, which is sometimes wanting; but,
 when it exists, gives branches  to  the  rectus su-
 perior oculi and levator palpebrae  superioris.
   Muscular Contrac'tion.  The exertion ofthe
 power, possessed by muscles, of shortening them-
 selves, or of contracting to produce  motion: —
 muscular motion being  the change in the situa-
 tion and  relation  of organs, induced by muscular
 contraction.  When a muscle contracts, its fibres
 assume more the  zigzag direction, and the extre-
 mities approximate ; but the  bulk of the whole
 muscle is not augmented.   This contraction takes
 place, at times, with  extreme  velocity :  a single
 thrill, in the letter r, can be pronounced in the
 1-30,000th part of a minute.   The force of con-
 traction, 3Ii/ot/y'namis, depends upon the healthy
 physical condition of the  muscle, combined with
 due  energy of the brain.  Tbe duration, in vo-
 luntary motion, is for a certain  time dependent
 upon the will:—contractions, excited involunta-
 rily, cannot be so long maintained.
   Muscular Current.  A current,  which, ac-
 cording to Mutteucci, exists in  every living mus-
 cle, whose tendinous extremities  are, not equally
 disposed—one, for example, forming a cord; the
 other broad  and ribbon-like — and  which circu-
 lates in tbe muscle frora the tendinous extremity
 to the muscular surface.
   Muscular Fibre, 1'leshy fibre, Filum muscu-
 la're, Eibri/la  musculo'ris.   A  name given to
 the filaments, which,  by  their union, form the
 muscles.  This fibre is flat,  soft, downy, linear,
 but  little  elastic, and  more  or  less red.   It  is
 firmer in  adults than  in  the   young  or the
 aged:  of the same  size in the great and  small
 muscles; and runs its course without bifurcation
 or ramification.   It is but slightly resisting in the
 dead body,  tearing readily ;  but during  life  it
 supports very great efforts without laceration. It
 is, itself, composed of a considerable number of
 fibrils, similar to each other, and subdividing al-
 most ad infinitum.  The ultimate filaments into
 which the fibre  can  be decomposed by mechani-
 cal  means  seem to be hollow or tubular.   The
 fibre  exists  under two forms,  the  striated or
 striped,  (F.) Fibre strife,  and the  non-striated,
 smooth, or unstriped, (F.) Fibre  lisse; the mus-
 cles composed of the  former  ministering, as a
 general rule, to the animal functions,—the  latter
 always, perhaps, to the organic.   The colour of
 the muscular fibres is red  in  man, and  white in
 several animals.  A  greater  or  less number,—
 united in  fasciculi, Fascic'uli  sen Lncer'ti mus-
 culo'rum, approximated to  each other, and  form-
 ing  a distinct mass, of very  variable  size and
 shape, the extremities being attached to bones by
 means of tendons, — constitutes a muscle.  In
 this are included areolar membrane, vessels and
 nerves.  See Muscle.
   Muscular Nerves.  The  nerves  distributed
 to the muscles are so named.   Winslow  calls the
 4th pair of nerves — Xerf musculaire oblique su-
 pirieur.
   Muscular System.  A term  given to the ag-
 gregate of the muscles  of the body.
   Muscular Veins.   These bring back the
 blood, which has been  carried to the muscles by
 the muscular arteries.
   MUSCULAR IS. Corroborant.
   MUSCULATION.  See Locomotion.
   3H'SCULEUX. Muscular.
   MUSCULI ACCESSORII AD SACRO-LUM-
 ■ BALE.M, see Sacro-lumbalis—m. Papillares. Co-
 lumnar carneiv—in. Pectinati, Pectinated muM-les.
i|  MUSCULINE, see Fibrin. 
MUSCULO-CUTANEOUS        614
MUTITti
  MUS'CULO-CUTA'NEOUS,   3fus'culo-cuta'-
ireus, from muscuhts, ' a muscle,' and cutis, ' skin.'
That which appertains to muscles and skin.
  Musculo-Cutaneous  Nerve.   This name  is
especially given  to two nerves; — the one, the
External cutaneous nerve, furnished by the bra-
chial plexus (see  Cutaneous :—) the other, given
off from the poplitaeus externus, (F.) Xerf Sciat-
ique, Popliti externe, Pritibio digital (Ch.).   It
descends on  the  anterior and outer part of the
leg. — at first, hid among the muscles; becomes
superficial  about the middle of the leg;  and di-
vides into two branches, which pass superficially
on the back of the foot.   Two musculo-cutaneous
nerves—superior and inferior—proceed from the
first lumbar.  The superior musculo-cutaneous —
ilio-scratal, il'io-hypogas'trictis — which  divides
into two branches,—abdominal and scrotal.   The
inferior  musculo-cutaneous  is  smaller  than the
superior, and  is distributed as its name, ilio-irl-
gitinol, indicates.
   MUSCULO-RACHID^E'US.  Belonging or re-
lating to muscles and to the spine.  A name given
to branches, furnished behind by the intercostal,
lumbar, and sacral arteries, which are distributed
to the spine and to the muscles of the neighbour-
hood.
   MUSCULOSA   EXPANSIO,  Platysma  my-
oides.
   MUSCULO-SPIRAL  NERVE,  Radial nerve.
   MUSCULOSUS, Muscular.
   MUSCULUS  ACCL1VIS, Obliquus  internus
abdominis—in. Auxiliarius, Pyramidalis abdomi-
nis—m.  Constrictorius, Sphincter—m.  Cutaneus,
Platysma myoides—m. Eustachii,  Laxator tym-
pani— ni. Fallopii, Pyramidalis  abdominis — in.
Femoris membranosus, Fascia lata—m. Patientiae,
Levator scapuhe—m. Penicillatus, Levator labii
inferioris — m. Pyxoides terrestris, Lichen  pyxi-
 datus—m. Scandularius,  Parathenar—m. Subcu-
taneus, Platysma  myoides — m. Succenturiatus,
 Pyramidalis  abdominis — m.  Succingcns,  Dia-
 phragm— m. Supercilii,  Corrugator supercilii —
 m. Testicondus, Cremaster—m. Testis, Cremaster
 —m. Tubas novae, Circumflexus.
   MUSCUS ARBOREUS, Lichen  plicatus — m.
 Caninus, Lichen  caninus—m. Catharticus, Lyco-
 podium selago — m. Clavatus, Lycopodium-—-m.
 Corallinus, Corallina  Corsicana — in. Cranii hu-
 mani, Lichen saxatilis—m. Erectus, Lycopodium
 selago—m. Helminthocortos, Corallina Corsicana
 •—in.  Islandicus,  Lichen islandicus—m. Marinus.
 Corallina Corsicana—m. Maritimus, Corallina —
 m.  Pulmonarius  quercinus, Lichen pulmonarius
 —m. Pyxidatus,  Lichen  pyxidatus—m. Villosus,
 Peristroma.
   MUSEAU DE TAXCIIE, Os uteri.
   MUSE'UM ANATOMTCUM,  Supellex ana-
 tom'ica.  An anatomical museum.
   MUSHROOM, Fungus.
   MUSIC, 3Iu'sica, (F.)  Musique, from  povaa,
 musa,  'a  song.'   The art  of  producing harmo-
 nious and  cadenced sounds; an art, which has,
 at times, been beneficially used in diseases, par-
 ticularly in those of the mind; or on which  the
 mind could act in a salutary manner.
   MUSICOMA'NIA, 3Itisoma'uia,  from  music,
 and mania.  A  variety of monomania in  which
 the passion for music is carried to such an extent
 as to derange the intellectual faculties.
   MUSING, LISTLESS, Aphelxia otiosa.
   3IUSIQUE, Music.
   MUSK,  3foschus, 3Iosch (Arab.), (F.)  3Iusc.
 A peculiar concrete animal substance, of a very
 diffusible  odour, bitter  taste,  and  a  deep  brown
 colour: solid, and enclosed in the preputial folli-
 cles of Moschua  moschif'erus,  31usk Deer,  (F.)
 Chevrotain porte-musc.   It is possessed of stimu-
lant  and antispasmodic properties.  Dose, gr. v
to ,^i in bolus.
  Musk, Artificial, 3Ioschusfiat-tit"ins, Resl-
na  Suc'cini.  (Ol. succini  rectif. 1  part, acid.
nitric.  4 parts.   Digest;—a black matter «ill be
deposited,  which  must  be well  washed with
water.)
  MUSKGRAPE  FLOWER, Bulbus  voinitorius.
  MUSKM.ALLOW, Hibiscus abelmoschus.
  MUSKROOT, Sumbul.
  MUSKSEED, see Hibiscus abelmoschus.
  MUSKWOOD, Thymiaraa.
  MUSOMAN IA, Musicomania.
  MUSQUITO, Mosquito.
  MUSS/EN'DA FRONDO'SA.T/cW'/n.TiVeW
A decoction of  this Ceylonese plant has been es-
teemed refrigerant.
  MUSSEL, Mvtilus edulis.
  MUSSELLED.  see Mytilus edulis.
  MUSSITA'TIO, 3.'ussila'tio„, from mussiiare,
mussitatum, itself from mussare, 'to murmur.'  A
condition, in which the tongue and lips  move, as
in the act of speaking, but without sounds being
produced.   This sort of murmuring  is  an unfa-
vourable sign in disease, as indicating great cere-
bral debility.
  MUSTA'CEUM: from  3Iustacea,  a  kind of
laurus used  in  making  it.  A kind  of wedding-
cake used hy  the ancients, which consisted of
meal,  aniseed,  cummin, and several other  aroma-
tics; its object—it has been conceived—being to
prevent or remove the indigestion  occasioned by
too  great indulgence at the marriage feast. Lttn-
reolnm in mustaceo qumrere— ''to seek for glory
in pitiful performances."—Cicero.
  MUSTACHE, Mystax.
  MUSTARD,  BLACK, Sinapis —m.  Clammy,
Polanisia  graveolens — m. Essence  of,  White-
head's, see  Sinapis—m. False, Polanisia graveo-
lens—m.  Green, Lephiiutn sativum—in.  Hedge,
Erysimum—m. Mithridate, Thlaspi  cainpestre—
m.  Stinking hedge, Alliaria—m. Treacle, Thlaspi
arvense—m. White, Sinapis alba—m. Wild, Sina-
pis arvensis.
  MUSTELANEUS, Galeancon.
  MUSTUM. Wort.
  MUTACIS'MUS,  Mu'tacism,  from  pvTaKifa,
 'I use the letter in, uv, too frequently.'  A vicious
pronunciation ; consisting, according to Sauvages,
in the frequent repetition of the letters  m, b, and
 p, which are substituted for others.
   MUTA'TIO SEXUS. 'A change or conversion
 of  sex.'  A notion prevailed  in  antiquity that
 such a conversion was possible.
   MUTEO'SIS, from mutus, 'dumb.' Under this
 name is comprehended every phenomenon of ex-
 pression, voluntary and involuntary, which im-
 presses the sight or touch.
   MIITILA'TION, Mutila'tio,  Maiming,  from
 mutilus, 'broken.'  The removal  or  privation of
 a limb,  or of  some other external  part of the
 body.  In all countries, this crime has been pun-
 ished with severity.
   MUTINUS,  Penis.
   31UT IS ME, Mutitas.
   MU'TITAS, (mutus, (F.) Muet, 'dumb.')  Oh-
 tumesceiltin, Ahllia,Anau'dia, Dumbness,  Speech'-
 lessness, (F.) 3Intisme, 3iutiti.   Impossibility of
 articulating sounds;  although they can  be eli-
 cited.  Dumbness is often congenital, and united
 with  deafness, of which it is an effect.   In some
 cases it is accidental.
   Mutitas  Sunno'ituM, Apho'nia Sitrdorum, Snr-
 domu'titas,  Deaf-dumbness,   (F.)   Surdimutite.
 Speechlessness from deafness; congenital, or pro-
 duced during infancy.   The subjects of this affec-
 tion are called denf-dumb, (F.) Sourds-mttets.
   MUTITE, Mutitas. 
MUTO                   G15           MYLO-HYOIDEUS
   MUTO. Penis.
   M ETON I AT US, M.-mbrosus.
   MUTTEltKOItX, Ergot.
   MUTTON  TEA.  Prepared from  a pound of
 mutton, freed frora the fat and cut into thin slices ;
 and a pint and a half of boiling soft water poured
 over them, as in the case of beef tea ; except that
 it requires to be boiled for half an  hour after the
 maceration, before it is strained through a sieve.
   Jll'TUNNUS,  Priapus.
   MYACANTHA, Ruscus.
   MYALGIA, Cramp.
   MYASTIIENI'A, from  pv;,  'a muscle,' and
 aaStviia, 'debility.' Muscular debility.
   MYCE, Occlusion.
   MYCES. Fungus.
   MYCHMUS, Suspirium.
   MYCHTIIISMUS, Moaning, Suspirium.
   MYCODERM'A. 3Iy'co,lerm; from pvsvs, 'a
 mushroom,'and Seppa, 'skin.'  A  cryptogamous
 growth,  which constitutes the crusts of favus.
 See Porrigo favosa.
   Mycodeiima Cerevisia, Torula cerevisiae.
   Mycoiieiima Pl.ic.i:, Trichomapllyton.  A cryp-
 togamous growth,  said to be the essence of Plica.
   MYCODEKMITIS, Mucitis.
   MYCODES. Fungoid.
   MYCODIARRHCEA. see Diarrhoea.
   MYCODYSENTERIA, see Dysentery.
   MYCOPHTHISIS, see Bronchorrhoea.
   MYCORTHOPNOjVA;  from  pvnoc,  'mucus,'
 and opdowoia, 'difficulty  of  breathing  except
 when  in  the erect attitude.'  Oithopncea from
 excessive secretion of  mucus in the  air-passages
 — Ortliopinc'a pituito'sa.
   MYCOSIS, Fungus.
   MYCTERES. Myxm, Nares.
   MYCTEROPHONIA, Rhinophonia.
   MYCTEROXE'ROTES,  3Iycteroxero'sis, frora
 pvitrripes,  'the nares,'  and  ^niiorns, 'dryness.'
 AVriiim sic'citas.   Dryness of tbe  interior of the
 nose.
   MYCUS, Mucus.
   MYDE'SIS, from pvSam,  'I abound with mois-
 ture,'  'I  am putrid.'   Moisture.   In its  most
 general sense, it means corruption.   By some, it
 is used for a mucous  discharge from  inflamed
 eyelids.
   MYDON, pv&urv.  Same etymon.   Fungous or
 putrid flesh in certain fistulous ulcers.—Pollux.
 Also,  flesh putrid frora mouldiness.
   MYDRI'ASIS, Plalycor'ia,  Platycori'asis,
 Amydrlasis.   A name given by several writers
 to morbid dilatation of the pupil; and, by others,
 to weakness of sight,  produced by hydrophthal-
 inia, or superabundance of humours, from pvSoc,
 'moisture.'
   MYDRIATTCUS, Mydriat'ic.  Relating to or
 causing dilatation id' the pupil.—Pereira.
   MYELAL'OIA; from pveXos, 'the spinal mar-
 row,' and uXyof, 'pain.'  Pain in the spinal mar-
 row.
   MYELANALOSIS. Tabes dorsalis.
   MYELAPOPLEXIA, Apoplexia myelitica.
   MYELATELI'A ; from  pveXos,  'the  spinal
 marrow,' and uTtXeta,  (a,  privative, and rtXos,
 'end,') 'want of end or finish.'   Incompleteness
 of the spinal  marrow.
  MYELATROPHIA, Tabes  dorsalis.
  3IYEL1TE, Myelitis.
  MYELI'TIS, M. pnrenchymato'sa seu spina'lis,
 Infiamma'tio medulla  sjiina'/is, Spini'tis, Spino-
 dursltis, Xatnmi/eli'tis,  Itachiomyelltis, Rachial-
gltis (of some), (F.) 31 yf lite,  Infiammation de la
moelle ipiiiicre, 1. rnchitlienne, from  pveXos, 'the
marrow,' and  tVi«, denoting inflammation.  In-
flammation of tho spinal marrow  or its mem-
branes;—indicated by deep-seated  burning pain
in the  spine, with various  nervous  and vascular
irregularities  of function.   It  is  not common.
Dr. Marshall  Hall  proposes  to call inflammation
of the membranes  of the brain Meningitis;  that
of the substance of the brain .Myelitis.
  Myelitis  Petechialis,  Meningitis,  cerebro-
spinal— m. Spinalis, Myelitis — m. Exsudativa,
Hydrorachis—in. Parenchymatosa, Myelitis.
  MYELOCHYSIS, Hydrorachis.
  MY'ELOCYTES, from pveXos,  'marrow,'  and
kvtoc, a  mass,  body or  cell.   Granules of the
brain.  Nuclei ofthe cells ofthe gray substance.
  MYELOOANGLIITIS, Cholera (sporadic).
  MY'ELOID, 3lyeloi'des, 3Iyelo'des ; from  pve-
Xos, ' marrow,'and  tt&os, 'resemblance.' Marrow-
like.
  Myeloid Tumor, Fibroplastic tumour.  A  sar-
comatous tumour, the more characteristic consti-
tuents of which are — peculiar  many-nucleated
corpuscles, which have been recognised as con-
stituents of the marrow and diploe of bones, es-
pecially in the foetus, and in early life.—Paget.
  MYELOMA, see Encephaloid.
  MYELOMALACIA.Mollities medulla? spinalis.
  MYELOMENINGITIS, Meningitis, spinal.
  MYELOMYCES, see Encephaloid.
  MYELON,  Medulla spinalis.
  MYELOPARALYSIS,  Paraplegia.
  MYELOPHTHISIC Tabes dorsalis—m. Sicca,
Tabes mesenterica.
  MYELOPHY'MATA, Tuber'cula medullce  spi-
na'lis, from pveXos, 'marrow,' and <f,vpa, 'a tuber-
cle.'  Tubercles of the spinal marrow.
  3IYELOPLAXE, from pveXos, 'marrow,'  and
■nXa!-, 'a plate  or  lamella.'   Plates  or  lamellae
with numerous nuclei in the  marrow of bones.—
Robin.
  MYELORRHAGIA, Apoplexia myelitica.
  MYELOSPONGUS, see Encephaloid.
  MYELUS.  Marrow, Medulla spinalis—m. Di-
auehenius, Medulla spinalis — m. Dorsites, Me-
dulla spinalis  —m. Notiseus, Medulla  spinalis —
m. Psoites, Medulla spinalis.
  MYENEIKJI'A,  frora pvs,  'a  muscle,' cv,  and
tpyov, 'work.'   Muscular strength.
  MYOMUS,  Suspirium.
  MYIOCEPHALUM. Staphyloma.
  MYIODOPSIA,  Metamorphopsia.
  MYITIS, Myositis. Rheumatism, acute.
  MYLABRIS  CICIIORII,  see Cantharis — m.
Punctata, see  Cantharis—in. Pustulata, see Can-
tharis.
  MYLACEPH'ALUS, from pvXrj, 'a mole,' a,
privative, and KiffraXn, 'head.'  A monster with
only traces of viscera, and without head or  ex-
tremities.
  MYLACRT. Molar teeth.
  MYLACRIS, Patella.
  MYLE, Patella. Mole.
  MYLICUS.  Molar.
  MY'LO, in  composition, from  uvXn, 'the jaw.'
Relating or belonging to the jaw.
  MYLODI, Molar teeth.
  MYLODONTES. Molar teeth.
  MYLO-GLOSSUS,  from  mylo,,  and  yXuro-tra,
'the  tongue.'  Winslow has  given this name to
muscular fibres, which  pass  from the posterior
part  of the  myloid line of  the lower jaw, and
from the sides of the base of the tongue to  the
parietes of the pharynx.  These fibres belong to
the constrictor superior pharyngis.
  MYLOHYOID LINE,  see Mylo-hyoideus.
  Mylo-Hyoid  Furrow or Groove.  A furrow
which passes from the superior orifice of the  in-
ferior dental canal of the  lower jaw in the same
direction as the canal, and lodges the mylo-hyoid
nerve, a branch of the inferior-dental.
  Mylo-Hyoid  Nerve, see  Mylohyoid furrow.
  MYLO-HYOIDEUS, from mylof&nd  'voeiSv?,
'the os hyoides.'  Myluo'des,  (F.) Mylo-hyo'idien. 
MYLO-PHARYNGEUS         610      MYRICA ASPLENIFOLIA
The 3fylo-pharyngeus of Morgngni and Santorini.
This muscle is situate at the upper and anterior
part of the neck, behind  the lower jaw.  It is
broad, flat, and has  the  form of a  truncated  tri-
angle.   It arises  from the internal  oblique, inter-
nal maxillary or mylo-hyoid line ofthe lower jaw
bone, and is inserted at the fore part of the body
of tbe  os hyoides. Its innermost fibres unite with
those of tbe opposite side to form a raphe on  the
median line.  The  mylo-hyoideus raises the os
hyoides and carries it forward, or it depresses  the
lower  jaw.
   MY'LO-PHARYNGEUS,  Constrictor pharyn-
gis, Mylo-hyoideus.
   MYLUODES,  Mylo-hyoideus.
   MYT0, in composition, from  pvwv, 'a muscle.'
Appertaining or relating to a muscle.
   MYOCARDITIS, Carditis.
   MYOCEPHALI'TIS, Myi'tis cephalica; from
myo, Ket'paXn, 'head,' and itis, denoting inflamma-
tion.   Inflammation of the muscles of the head.
   MYOCEPHALON.  Staphyloma.
   MYTOCG<!LIAL'GIA,  from myo,  KoiXia, 'abdo-
men,'  and uXyeta, 'I suffer.'  Pain in the muscles
of the abdomen.
   MY'OCCELI'TIS,   Myoccelii'tis,   Infiamma'tio
musculo'rum  abdomina'lium,  from  myo, KotXia,
'lower belly,'  and  itis,  denoting  inflammation.
Inflammation of the muscles of the abdomen.
   MYTODEOPSIA, Metamorphopsia.
   MY'O'DES, from myo, and etbos,  'resemblance.'
Like unto muscle.   Muscular.
   MYODESOPIA, Metamorphopsia.
   MYODESOPSIA, Metamorphopsia.
   MYODYNA'MIA, 17* musculo'ris;  from myo,
and Swapis, 'power.'   The  force  or power of a
 muscle.
   MYODYNAMICS, see Muscular contraction.
   MYODYNAMIOMETER, Dynamometer.
   MYODYNAMOMETER, Dynamometer.
   MYODYN'IA, from  myo,  and  oSwri,  'pain.'
 Pain  in  the muscles,— rheumatismal or  other.
 Rheumatism.
   Myodynia Inflammatoria, Myositis.
   MYOG'RAPHY", Myagra'phia, from myo,  and
 ypar),av, 'to describe.'  An anatomical description
 of the muscles.
    MYOID,  31yo'i'des,  from pvs,  'muscle,'  and
 ethos,  'resemblance.'   An  epithet  given to  tu-
 mours composed of fibre cells or muscular fibres
 of organic life.
    MYOLEM'MA, 3fyole'ma, from myo, and Xeppa,
 'a coat.'   The membranous tube of each muscu-
 lar fibre.  It has also  the  same signification as
 Sarcolemma.
    MY'OLINE, from pvtav, 'a muscle.'   A name
 given by Mr. Erasmus Wilson  to a transparent
 substance that fills  the  cells, which, he conceives,
 by their juxtaposition form the ultimate muscular
 fibril.                                        „
    MYOL'OGY,  Myolog"ia,  Sarcolog'ia, 3fysiol-
 og"ia, from myo, and Xoyos, 'a discourse.'   That
 part of anatomy which treats of the muscles.
    MYON. Muscle.
    MYONARCO'SIS, from myo, and vaptcn, 'stu-
 por.'   Numbness of the muscles.
    MYONITIS.  Myositis.
    MY^ON'OSUS, Myonu'sus,  Myopathia, from
 myo,  and  voaos, 'disease.'   A  disease  of  the
 muscles.
    MYOPALMUS,  Subsultus tendinum.
    MYOPARALYSIS, see Paralysis.
    MYOPATHIA. Myonosus.
    MYOPE, Myops.
    MYOPHO'NIA,  from myo,  and tporvv, 'voice.'
 The sound of muscular contraction, — as that of
 the ventricles of the heart, during the systole of
 that organ.
    MY'O'PIA,  Myoplusis, Luscios'itas,  Myo'sis,
Pnrop'sis pro-pin'qua,  Amblyo'pia  dissito'rnm,
Dyso'pia dissito'rnm, Dysplm'tin, Visas ju'vennm,
from pvw, 'I close,'  or from  pvs, 'a mouse,' unci
urxp, 'the eye;' My'opy, Short-sightedness, Near-
sightedness,  31onse-sight, I'urbh'udness,  (F.) Vue
courte,  V. basse.  Persons who  can  only see
objects very near.  The  defect  is owing to the
too great  convexity of the eye, or too great den-
sity of the humours, and is palliated by wearing
concave glasses.
  MY'OPTC, Myop'icus;  same  etymon.  Short-
sighted, Poreblind, Purblind, Spurbliud.  Relating
or appertaining to myopia.
  MYOPODIORTUO'TICON,  from pvurip, 'one
that is short-sighted,' and liopStorticov,  'having
power  to correct.'  An apparatus for the cure of
short-sightedness.—A. A. Berthold.
  MYOPS,  Lucio'sus,  3Iyo'pus, My'ope.  Same
etymon.   One  affected with myopia  or short-
sightedness.
  MYOPY, Myopia.
  MYORRHEXIS, from  myo, and pn^ts, 'rup-
ture.'  Rupture of a muscle.
  MY'OSARCO'MA, from  pvuv, 'a muscle,' and
sarcoma.  A sarcomatous tumour in which muscu-
lar fibres are found.
  MY'O'SIS, from pvto, 'I close.'  Microcor'in.
Smallness  of the pupil.   Phthisis pttpilltlris.
Permanent contraction ofthe pupil.  Itis usually
caused by iritis, and is extremely difficult to cure.
When  it exists to such an extent as to obliterate
the pupil, it is called Synizesis.  Also, Myopia.
  31YOSITE, Myositis.
  MYrOSIT'IC, Myosit'icue, from 3fyosis. Causing
contraction of the pupil,—as opium.—Pereira.
   MYOSI'TIS, Jlyltis, .Mysltis, Myoni'tis, Sar-
citis,  Rheumatis'mus  phlegmono'des, Mytrtlyn'ia
infiammato'ria, Phlegma'sia myoicn, fnflammatio
seu  Phleg'mone Musculo'rnm,  (F.) 3fyosite, In-
 flammation des muscles, from  pvorv, 'a muscle.'
A name proposed by Sagar for inflammation of
the muscles.  Also,  Rheumatism.
   MYOSOTIS, Hieracium pilosella, Rheumatism,
Rheumatism, acute.
   MYOSPASMUS,  Cramp.
   MYOTILITY, Myotil'itas, (F.) Myotilitf. from
pvurv,  'a  muscle.'   Muscular  contractility.—
Chaussier.
   MYOT'OMY, 3fyotom'ia, from myo, and rtpvctv,
'to  cut.'   The part of practical anatomy which
treats  of the  dissection  of  the muscles.  Also,
the surgical operation of the division of muscles
to remove deformity.
   MYOTYRBE, Chorea.
   MYrRAC'OPUM,  from pvpov, 'an ointment,' a,
'privative,' and  koto?, 'fatigue.'  An  ointment
used by the ancients in cases of fatigue.
   MYREPSUS, Unguentarius.
   MYRTAGRAMME, from pvpia, '10,000,' and
 ypappa,  'gramme.'   A weight equal  to 10,000
 grammes, or  to  26  pounds,  9  ounces, and  6
 drachms Troy.
   MYRIAMETRE.  A measure of  10,000 me-
 tres; equal to 16 miles, 1 furlong, 156 yards, and
 14 inches.
   MYRICA  ASPLENTFOLTA,  Comptonia as-
 plenifolia— ra. Cerifera,  see Cera flava et alba,
 and Wax, myrtle.
   Myri'ca Gale, 31. palus'tris, Myrtus Brolmn'-
 tica   seu  Ang'lica. Myrtifn'lia  Belgica, Gale,
 Gagel, Bhns sylves'tris, Ac'aron, Eleratfnns,  E.
 Cordo, Chama'lcpng'nus, Dodona'a, Ilutch myrtle,
 Sweet  gale,  Sweet  willmv,  Candleberry myrtle,
 (Sc.)  Scotch gale, (F.) Piment Royal,  thi de Si-
 mon Panli, Gale odorant.  Ord. Myricaecsr. Sex.
 Syst.  Dicecia  Tetrandria.  The  leaves, flowers,
 and  seeds  have a strong, fragrant smell, and a
 bitter taste.  They  are used for destroying motha 
MY RING A
61 7
MYRTODES
 and cutaneous insects.   The infusion is given in-
 ternally as a stomachic and vermifuge.
   Mvrica Palustris, M.  Gale.
   MYRIMJA, see Tympanum.
   MYRINGITIS,  infinminn'tio  tym'pani, from
 Myrimja, 'the membrana tympani;' and itis, de-
 noting inflammation.  Inflammation ofthe mem-
 brana tympani; and, also, of the tympanum.
   MYlilN'X, sec Tympanum.
   MYRIS, pvpts,  3/i/rothe'ce, Xarthe'cia, Xnr-
 ihe'ciitm, Xnrtliex, from  pvpov, 'a perfumed oil or
 ointment.'  A perfumed oil jar or ointment box.
   MYRIS'TICA, 31.  Mnscha'ta  seu  aromat'ica
 Seu officinalis seu f nigra its, Comacnn. Xat. Ord.
 Myristiceie.   The tree which produces  the nut-
 meg and mace.  (F.) Muscadier.  The Xutmeg,
 Myristica, (Ph. U. S.) 3Iyris'tica seu Myris'ticee
 tiiirschn'to? nu'cleus, Xux moscha'ta seu unguenta'-
 rin, Xueis'tti,  Xux  myris'tica  seu  aromalica,
 Clirysobttlaiius  Gale'ni, Ungtienta'ria,  As'sala,
 fF.) Muscade, is  the  seed or kernel.   It has  a
 fragrant, aromatic odour;  an  agreeable pungent
 taste, and is much used  for  culinary purposes.
 Alcohol extracts  its active matter.   It has the
 properties of aroraatics  in general; being stimu-
 lant and stomachic.  The  oil—O'leum myris'ticai
 seu nitcist'en eethcr'eum — possesses the virtues of
 the nutmeg.  Dose of the nutmeg, gr.  v. to Qj ;
 —of tbe oil  gtt. iij to  gtt.  vj.
   Maee, .Maeis, 3Iaces, Flares macis seu  ma'cidos,
 (F.) Pleura de muscade,  is the involucrum of the
 fruit.  It. is  membranous, with  the  odour and
 taste of the  nutmeg, nnd is possessed of similar
 qualities.  The O'leum  macis seu ma'cidis is  a
 fragrant, sebaceous substance, expressed in the
 East Indies.  It is only used externally.  It  is
 the Adeps myris'tica, 3Iyris'ticm o'leum  express'-
 um,  O'leum  seu Balsamum  uucis'ta, Butter ofi
 itiitnieifs. Express'ed oil of .Mace.
   MYRISTIC^E NUCLEUS,  see Myristica mos-
 chata.
   MYRISTICATIO nEPATIS, Liver,  nutmeg.
   MYRMECIA, Formica.
   MYRMECIASIS, Convulsio cerealis, Formi-
 cation.
   MYRMECIASMUS, Convulsio  cerealis, For-
 mication.
   MYRMECISMUS, Convulsio  cerealis, Formi-
 cation.
   MYRMECIZON, Formicant,
   MYRMECOSIS, Convulsio cerealis, Formica-
 tion.
   MYRMEX, Formica.
   MYROBAL'ANUS.  from pvpov, 'an ointment,'
 nnd r]„Xavos,  'a nut;' so called, because  formerly
 Used in ointment; Ange/oc'acos, Myro'bolan, Glans
 iingiienta'ria,  Pal ma unguentario' rum.   A dried
 Indian fruit, of the plum kind, of different species
 of Tcnnina'lia.  Ord. CombretiU'cm.  Of this there
 are several varieties—the 31. Bellir'ica or Belliric
 tiii/rnhatttn, liellegit,  Belleriiji,  Belnileg:—the 31.
 cheli'nla or Chcbnle  my rob'atari ;  the 31. cilrina
 or Yellow myrobalan,  Ara'ra. ; the 31. Em'b/ica
 or emblic mi/roba/an, and the  31.  In'dica, As'uar,
 Indian  or Black myrobalan.   All the myrobalans
 have an unpleasant, bitterish, very austere taste;
 and strike an  inky blackness  with a solution of
 Pteel.  Tbey  arc said to  possess laxative as well
 as ustrin'.'cu^properties.
   3IYIIOLES. see Olea volatilia.
   MYRON. Mvruin, Unguentum.
   MYROPISS'OOE'ROX.   A topical application
 in alopecia, referred to  by Galen ;  from  pvpov,
 'ointment.' iriao-n, ' pitch.' and  nnpos, 'wax.'
  MYROPCKUS, Unguentnrius.
  MYROPOLES. Apothecary, Unguentarius.
  MYROSPERMUM FRUTESCENS.  Myroxy-
lum Peruiferum—ra. Peruiferum, see Myroxylon
Peruiferum — m. of Sonsonate,  see Myroxylon i
  Peruiferum—m. Toluiferum, see Toluifera Balsa-
  mum.
    MYROXYLON, see M. Peruiferum.
    Myrox'yi.on   Peuuif'euum,   .Myrosperm'um
  /rates'cens seu Peruiferum, Quinquina, from pv-
  pov, 'an ointment,' and £vXov, wood;' Cabm-ei'ba.
  Xat. Ord. Leguminosae,  Supposed to be tbe tree
  which affords  the Penlvian balsam, Bal'samum
  Peruvia'num  (Ph. U. S.) seu Perua'nuin, Putzo-
  chill, 3lyrox'yli Peruifieri bal'samum, 3Iyrox'ylon,
  Cabureiciba, Indian, Mexican,  or  American  bal-
  sam, (F.) Baume de Pirou  ou  des Indes.   This
  balsam consists of benzoic acid, resin, and essen-
  tial oil.  Its odour is fragrant and aromatic; taste
  hot and bitter: it  is soluble in  alcohol, and mis-
  cible in water  by  the  aid  of mucilage.  It  is
  stimulant and tonic, and considered to be expecto-
  rant: as such, it has been employed in paralysis,
  chronic asthma, chronic bronchitis and rheuma-
  tism, gleet, leucorrhoea, Ac, and  externally, for
  cleansing  and  stimulating  foul indolent ulcers.
  Dose gtt. v to gtt. xxx.
     White Balsam of Peru, Xatural balsam. Bal'-
  samum album, Styrax alba, Balsameloeon, is ob-
  tained  by incision  from  Myrospermum peruif-
  erum.
    The   Myroxylon  of  Sonsonate  in   Central
  America — Myrospermum  Pereira of Dr. Royle,
  has been supposed to furnish balsam of  Peru.
    Myroxylon op Sonsonate. see  M. Peruiferum
  —m. Toluiferum, Toluifera Balsamum.
    MYRRHA,  Heb. ID; Bo/n,  Stac.te, Ergas'ma,
  Myrrh,  Calo'nia,  Smyrna,  3Iyrrha rubra, (F.)
  3/yrrhe.   The exudation, pvpoi, of an unknown
  plant of Abyssinia or Arabia Felix, said to be the
  Bttlsamadeildron myrrha.  This gum-resin has a
  fragrant,  peculiar  odour; and bitter aromatic
  taste.  It is in reddish-yellow, light, brittle, irre-
  gular tears ; partially soluble in distilled  water
  when aided by friction.  S. G. 1-360. It is stimu-
  lant; and has been used in cachectic affections,
  humoral  asthma, chronic  bronchitis, Ac.   Dose,
  gr. x. to 3j.
    Myrrha Imperfecta, Bdellium.
    MYRRII1NE, Myrtus.
    MYRRIIIS  ANNUA, Athamanta Cretensis —
  m. Major,  Chaerophyllum odoratum—m. Odorata,
  Cbiuropbvllum odoratum.
    MY11S1NA AFRICANA, Tatze.
    MYRSTNE, Myrtus.
    MYRSINEL.E'ON, from pvpeivn, 'the myrtle,'
  and eXaiov, 'oil.'  Oil of myrtle.—Dioscorides.
    MYRSINI'TES,  pvpaivtrns.  Wine in  which
  branches of myrtle have been macerated.
    MYRTACANTHA, Ruscus.
    MYRTE C03I31UX, Myrtus.
    MYRTID'ANON, pvpnSuvov.   An excrescence,
  growing on the trunk of the myrtle, and used as
  an astringent.  With  Hippocrates, either the myr-
  tus caryophyllata or myrtus pimenta. [?]  Also,  a
  wine — Vinum  3Iyrtid'arntm — made  from wild
  myrtle berries.
    MYRTIFOLTA BELGTCA. Mvrica gale.
    MYR'TIFORM. Myrti/or-m'ls, .Myrto'des, from
  myrtus, 'a myrtle,' and forma, 'shape.'  Having
  the shape of a leaf of myrtle.   A name given to
  a muscle (depressor aim nasi),  to the fossa inci-
  siva : and  to certain caruncles, Ac,
    MYRTIFORMIS, Compressor naris, Depressor
  alte nasi.
    MYRTI'TES,  from uvprov. the 'myrtle berry.'
  A  name given to a medicine prepared with honey
  and myrtle berries.
    MY'RTLE, Myrtus—in. Berry, Vaccinium myr-
  tillus—m. Candlelierry. Myrica  gale—m. Dutch,
  Mvrica <rnle—m. Wild, Ruscus.
   MYRTOCTIEILIDES, Nvraphae.
   MYRTOCIIILA. Nvmphse.
I   MYRTODES, Myrtiform. 
MYRTON
618
N.EYUS
  MYRTON, Clitoris.
  MYRTUS,  3tyr'tus commilnis seu  communis
Italica, pvpros, 3Iyrslne, Myrrhlne,  The .Myrtle,
(F.) 31 yttc Commun.  Ord. Myrtaeeae.  The berries
of this plant have been recommended in alvine
and uterine fluxes and other disorders of relaxa-
tion and  debility.  They are moderately astrin-
gent and  somewhat aromatic.
   Myrtus  Anglica, Myrica gale — m. Braban-
tica, Myrica gale.
   Myrtus  Caryophylla'ta, Calyptran'thes ca-
ryophylla'ta,  Cassia seu Canella caryophyllata,
(F.) Capelct,  Cannelie girofiie.   The tree which
is  considered to  afford  the Clove bark;  Cortex
caryophylla'tus sencaryophyllata. This bark is a
warm aromatic;  resembling clove  with an ad-
mixture of cinnamon.   It may  be used with the
same views as cloves or cinnamon.
   Myrtus Caryophyllus, Eugenia caryophyl-
lata—m.  Leucodendron, Melaleuca cajaputi.
   Myrtus Pimen'ta, Enge'nia Pimen'ta.   The
tree which bears the Jamaica  pepper, Pimen'ta
 bucca. Pimento berries. Pimento, Piper caryaphyl-
 la'tum seu chia'pce seu odora'tum Jamaieense seu
 Jamaicense seu tabas'cnm, Coc'cnli Indi aromat'ici,
 Amo'mum pimenta, Fructus pi menti, Carive, Ca-
 ryophyllus America'nus seu Pimen'ta, Allspice,
 (F.) Poivre de Jamaiqne,  Toute ipice, Assonrou.
 The unripe berries—Pimenta (Ph. U. S.)—have
 an aromatic odour: resembling a mixture of cin-
 namon, nutmeg, and cloves ; the taste is pungent,
 but mixed, like  the odour.  Like other peppers,
 this is stimulant and  carminative.  The  oil —
 O'leum  Pimen'ta — possesses tbe virtues of the
 berries.   The powdered  fruit  has  been  called
 Quatre ipr'ces or  Four spices. Dose,  gr. v. to Q'j-
    Aqua Pimen'ta', Pimento water, is officinal in the
 London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Pharmacopoeias.
 It is carminative.  Dose, f(^j or f ^ij.
    MYRUM, 3fyron, pvpov.  A perfumed  oil  or
 ointment.  A liquid perfume. The spontaneously
 exuding juice of many plants, especially of that
 from which myrrh is obtained.
  MYS. Muscle.
  MYSIOLOGTA. Myology.
  MYSITIS, Myositis.
  MY'STAX, .Masta.i; pvarat,, pvoTa%os.  The hair
growing on each  side of the upper  lip in men.
The  mustache  or mustachio,  (Old  Eng.)  Miut-
chaloe, (F.) Moustache.  Also, the upper lip.
  MYSTE'RION, pvGrnpw,-,  'a  mystery.'   An
arcanum, nostrum, or secret preparation in gene-
ral.  Also, an antidote  referred to by Oaten and
others.
  MY'STRON, nvarpov.  A Greek measure, which
held about three  drachms.
  MYT'ILUS  EDU'LIS.   The  common  mussel,
(F.)  3foule.   A bivalve, the flesh  of which, when
at all  in a state  of decomposition, is highly poi-
sonous.  When fresh, it is  an agreeable, but not
very digestible article of diet,  producing, in some
persons,  all  the symptoms of  urticaria.   One
affected with such phenomena is said, occasionally,
to be mils'selled.
   MYU'RUS,  3Ieiu'rus.   A pulse is so  called
when it sinks progressivelyand becomes smaller
and  smaller  like a rat's  tail; from  pvs, 'rat,'
and  ovpa,  ' tail.' Pulsus  mynnts reciji'rocus, a
pulse, which,  after  having  become  gradually
weaker resumes, by  degreess, its  former cha-
racter.
   MYXA, Mucus, Sebestina.
   MYXiE,  Mycteres.
   MYXIOS1S, Gonorrhoea impura.
   MYXODES, Muciform.
   MYXOR'RIIOOS, pvfrppoos, and  pvfa, 'mu-
cus,' and peoi, 'I flow.'   One who is subject to
mucous  discharge.   Applied to an infant, that
discharges a considerable  quantity of mucus and
saliva.
   MYXOSARCO'MA,  from  pvfr, 'mucus,' and
crapf, aapKos, 'flesh.'  A tumour which is muco-
carneous ; partly mucous and partly fleshy.
   MYXOTER, Nasus.
   MYZESIS,  Sucking.
N.
  N.   This letter, in prescriptions, is an abridg-
ment of Numero, ' by number.'
  NAB'ALUS  ALBUS,  Prenarlthes alba  seu
serpenta'ria, White Lettuce, Lion's Foot, Rattle-
snake's 3Iaster, Rattlesnake root, Gall ofthe Earth,
from vafiXa, 'a  harp,' owing to the lyrate leaves.
An indigenous plant, of the order Compositae,
which, with several other  species of the genus, is
reputed to possess the power  of  curing the bites
of serpents. The root has been used in dysentery.
  Nabai.us Fraseri has  similar properties.
  NABOT, Saccharum candidum.
  NABO'THI GLAN'DULA,  O'vula  seu  Ova
Xnhotlti seu Xabothiflua,  Ovn'rium Nabothi, Fol-
liculi  rotuildi et  oblon'gi,  Vesic'ula; seu  Bulla
rotun'da cervicis u'teri,  V. semina'les mulie'rum,
flnr'pora  seu Corpus'cula globo'sa, Glandnla seu
Hiplalides  cervicis  uteri, Glands of  Naboth.
Small, mucous  crypts or follicles  situate in the
interstices of the duplicatures  of  the lining mem-
brane of the cervix uteri.   Naboth, from noticing
them  in  a  morbid condition, mistook them  for
ova; and hence they received the name  Ovula
Nabothi.
  NACRA, Nalcra,  Nnsn.  A kind of influenza
common  in the East Indies.
  NACRE, Margaritaceous.
  NACREOUS, Margaritaceous.
  N MY I, see Naevus—n. Pigmentary, see Naevus.
  N^EVUS, Plural Nad; Navus mater'mis sen
Sigil'lum, Not a mater'na, Nevus, 3lac'ula matri-
cis seu mater'nee seu matrica'les, Nota infan'tum,
Lupus varieo'sns, Siig'mata,  3Ietrocelides, Con-
gen'il a- nota, 31 other's  or Fancy marks, .Mother's
spots, (F.) Envie, Tache de Naissrtnce.  Spots of
various kinds on the skin of children when born,
which  have been attributed to the influence of tho
maternal  imagination  on  the  foetus  in  utero.
They  are  of various  appearances,  some much
better  supplied with blood than  others.  Some
are merely superficial or  stain-like spots, Pig-
men'tary navi; others  are prominent, Vascular
tumours,  and  often have  long,  irregular hairs i
growing  from  them.  These  have usually been
called  3Iol.es, Spili, Spilo'ma, Epichro'ses spr'li,
Ac.  The red,  rosy, violet or bluish  spots are
called  by  I. G.  St. Hilaire, Taches Sanguines; —
those of an intermediate hue, between the normal
colour and black, Taches melaniennes.  See Te-
langiectasia.
  When  nmvi  are superficial, without any dispo-
sition  to enlarge  or spread,  they need  not be 
NAFDA
619      NAPLES, (CLIMATE  OF)
meddled with: but all those that partake of the
character of aneurism by anastomosis had better
be removed, where practicable.
  N/Evus Sioillum, Nsevus.
  NAFDA, Naphtha.
  NAIL, Sax. naesl, (G.) Nagel, Unguis, Onyx,
(Y.)  Ouqle.  A  whitish  transparent  substance.
pimilar to horn, which covers the dorsal extremity
of the fingers.  Three portions  are distinguished
in it; the extremity,  which is free, at the end of
the finger;—tbe body or middle portion adherent
by its inner  surface ; and the root,  Radix seu
Matrix  unguis, Iiltimum  unguis, (F.)  31ntiice de
I'uiigle.  The last presents two distinct parts ; the
one, terminated by a thin, seirated edge, is buried
in a duplicature of the skin,  Vnllec'ula  unguis,
which acls the part of a nail-follicle; the other,
called  Lu'uula seu Semiln'nula seu Sele'ne seu
Arcus seu Exor'tus seu A.nalole seu Albe'do uil-
nuinm, is whitish and of a semilunar shape, and
is situate above the part where the epidermis tcr-
 ininates.  The nails  are  composed of  a horny
 tissue, of  the  same nature as that, which  forms
 the hoofs, horns, and scales  of  different animals.
 When the nail has been torn off, the papillm of
 the skin become covered by a soft, whiti.-h lamina,
 whose  consistence gradually  augments.   New
 laminae are then formed underneath, and give the
 nail the  thickness it ought  to possess.   The
 corneous substance,  being thus constantly pro-
 duced at the extremity of each of these laminae,
 the  whole of the nail is pushed forwards, and it
 would grow indefinitely, were it  not cut or worn
 by friction.
   The nails protect and support  the  extremities
 of the  fingers against  the impression of hard
 bodies.   They are, also, useful in laying hold of
 small bodies ; and dividing those that have but
 little consistence.
   NAIL-FOLLICLE, see Nail.
   NAIL SPRING, Hangnail.
   A'.I/.Y, Nanus.
   NA ISS A NCE, see Parturition.
   NAKRA,  Naora.
   NAXCNAIL, Hangnail.
   NA.VIS.ME, see Nanus
   NAXXARI, Ilemidesmus Indicus.
   NANXYBERRY,  Viburnum lentago.
   NANOCEPHALIA. see Nanocephaly.
   NANOCEPH'ALUS, from varos,  'a dwarf,' and
 KeQaXn,' head.'  One of a monstrous state—Xano-
 cepha'lia—in  which the whole head or certain of
 its parts are too small, whilst the trunk  and ex-
 tremities are normal.
   NANOCORMIA, see Nanocormia.
   NAXOCOR'MUS, from vavos, 'a  dwarf,'and
 xoppos,  'a trunk.'  One  of a monstrous condition
 —Nanocormia—in which the trunk is too small,
 whilst the bead possesses its normal size.
   NANOMELIA, see Nnnomelus.
   NANOM'ELUS, from vnvos,  'a dwarf,' and
 pclos, 'a limb.'  One of a monstrous condition —
 Aitiiomelia—in which some part  of an extremity-
 is too small,>nnd tbe whole limb too short.
   NANOSO'MIA. frora  vavos,  'a dwarf,' and
 trupa, 'body.'  3/ieroso'iuia.  Dwarf ishness, (F.)
 3>aniame.  A  state in which the entire body with
 nil its parts is smaller than common.
   NAXOSOMUS. Nanus.
   NANUS, i/ai»<.  Pumilio, Pn'milo, Pusil'lus, 'a
 dwarf:' Nanoso'mits. (Prov.)  Unit, Rope Spin-
 nick, (fie.)  Croil,  Crok.  Dcarch, Dereh,  Droich,
 \Yratack.  (Pu'mihis. Puini'lins, ' dwarfish.') (F.)
 3,in'n.   One who is much below the usual stature.
 The term  is  applicable to  all organized beings
 from man to the vegetable.  Trees have their
dwarfs, as  the human species have theirs.  Some
curious authenticated instances of human dwarfs
ire  on  record.  Debc,  the  dwarf  of Stanislaus,
king  of  Poland, was  33 inches (French) long,
and  well proportioned.   The  Polish nobleman,
Borwlaski, who was well made, clever, and  a
good  linguist, measured 28 Paris inches.  He had
a  brother, 34 inches high, and  a  sister 21.  A
Friesland peasant,  at  26 years of age, had at-
tained 29 Amsterdam  inches.  C. II.  Stoberin,
of Niirnberg, was under three  feet high at 2u,
yet he was well proportioned  and possessed of
talents.   General  Tom  Thumb, so called,  was
seen by the Author in  1847.   lie was said to be
15 years old; measured  28 inches in height, and
when weighed at  the  mint was  found  to weigh
20 pounds and 2  ounces.  Two remarkable In-
dian dwarfs were exhibited in the  United States
and in Europe, about the middle of the  19th cen-
tury, under  the name of 'Aztec  children,' — the
boy, from 7 to 8 years of age, was M.'!t  inches in
height, and weighed 20f pounds :—the  girl, from
4 to  6 years of age, was  29J inches  high,  and
weighed  17  pounds.   They were  very  deficient
in intellect.  See Pygmy.
   NAPE OF THE NECK, Nucha.
   NAPELLUS VERUS, Aconitum napellus.
   NAPHjE FLORES, see Citrus aurantium.
   NAPHTHA,  Acetone.
   NAPHTHA, vatp&a, Xafdn. Napfa, Xajita'lilis,
 O'leum petra album; (F.) Nuphle; from a Chal-
daic  and  Syriac  word signifying bitumen.  A
bituminous substance, found in Persia, Calabria,
Sicily, Ae.   It is liquid, limpid,  of a yellowish-
white colour, a smell slightly resembling that of
oil of turpentine, and lighter  than  water.  It re-
sembles petroleum in its properties, and has beer
chiefly used as an external application ;  although
occasionally, as an  anthelmintic, and  in inhala
tion in phthisis pulmonalis.  Also, iEther.
   Naphtha Aceti, iEther aceticus—n. Coal  Tar,
Light,  see Ana'sthetic — n.  Sulphurica, iEther
sulphuricus — n. Vitrioli, iEther sulphuricus —n.
Vitrioli  camphorata, Tinctura aMberea  campho-
rata— n.Viirioli martialis, Tinctura seu Alcohol,
sulphurico-mthereus ferri—n. Wood, Acetone.
   NAPirTIIALINE,.Y(rjj?/i/;/«(/'Ho,Vo;)/,'[/i((//H.
When coal tar is subjected to distillation, naph-
 thaline  passes over after  coal naphtha.  It is  a
 white, shining, concrete,  crystalline  substance,
 fusible at 176° and boiling at*423°. It is soluble
 in alcohol, ether, naphtha and the oils, but inso-
 luble in water.  It has been used  as an excitant
 expectorant, in the dose of 8 to 30 grains, in
 emulsion or syrup, and  repeated.  It   has  also
 been used as an anthelmintic; and, when made
 into  an  ointment, in psoriasis, lepra vulgaris, Ac.
   NA'PIFORM, Nnpifinrnlis, Bu'nioid, Bunioi'-
 des,  from napus, 'a turnip,' and forma,  'shape.'
 An epithet for a form  of scirrhous tumour whose
 cut  surface  presents concentric  lines resembling
 those seen in the interior of a turnip.
   NAPIUM, Lapsann, Sinapis.
   NAPLES, (CLIMATE  OF.)  The climate of
 Naples  in its  general characters resembles  that
 of Nice, but it is  more changeable: the sirocco
 too, which is little known in Nice,  is severely felt
 at Naples.  It is  not a good residence for the
 phthisical invalid: Sir James Clark, indeed,  con-
 siders it altogether unsuitable.
!   Naples, Mineral Waters of.   In the Quarter
 Santa Lucia, near the coast, is a cold spring, rich
| in sulphuretted hydrogen and carbonic acid.  It
 is much used as an aperient tonic, and in cutane-
 ous  affections.
   Naples Water,  Factit"ious, Aqua Neapoli-
 ta'na seu acid'ula hydrosulphnra'ta, (F.) Eon de
 Naples.  (Acidulous water, containing four times
 its bulk of carbonic acid, ^xv, and ^''j • hylm-
 sulphuretted water,  ^ix ; carbonate ■</ soda. gr.
 viij ; carbonate of magnesia, gr. x.  M.  Ph. P.) 
N A r T A
620
N A S A L
  NAPTA. Nanus, Nata.
  NAPTALIUS, Nanus.
  NAPUS,  Sina|)is — n. Leucosinapis, Sinapis
alba—n. Sylvestris, Brassica napus.
  NAPY, Sinapis.
  NAItCAPHTE, Thymiama.
  NARCAPH'TIION, Nascnpllthon.  The bark
of an aromatic tree formerly brought from  India.
By  some, supposed to be that of the tree which
affords the olibanum.   It was used in fumigation,
in diseases of the lungs.  See Lacaphthon.
  NARCE,  Narcosis.
  NARCEMA, Narcosis.
  NARCESIS, Narcosis.
  NARCISSE  D'AUT03L\E,  Colchicum au-
tumnale— n. Faux,  Narcissus pseudo-narcissus
— h. des Pres,  Narcissus  pseudo-narcissus — n.
Sauvage, Narcissus pseudo-narcissus.
  NARCIS'SUS  PSEUDO-NARCIS'SUS,  N.
festa'lis seu glaucus  seu grandifio'rus  seu  his-
pnn'icns seu major seu  serra'tus seu sylves'tris,
!'tilboco'diuni, Pseudo-narcissus,  Daffodil, (Old
Eng.) Aff'adil, Belle-Blome, (Prov.) Affrodile,
Bellfiower,  Butter and  Eg;/s, Lent-rose.  Orel.
Amaryllidaeem.  (F.) Narcisse sauvage, Narcisse
tics pres. Faux  narcisse, Porrillon, Aiault, Zou-
ziiiette,Jeannette.  The root is emetic and cathar-
tic, in the dose of 5Jij.  The flowers are antispas-
modic.  Dose, 24 grains.
  NARCODES, Narcotized,
  N A R C 0 ' S I S,  Nar'cotism,  Nnrce,  Narca,
Narce'ma, Narce'sis, from  vapKour, 'I benumb.'
Torpe'do, Torpor, Stupor,  Stttpefac'tio.  The ag-
gregate effects produced by narcotic substances.
At  times, narcotism is confined to a state of more
or less profound stupor; and constitutes,  in cer-
tain cases, a useful remedial condition ; at  others,
it is  a  true  poisoning, characterized by vertigo,
nausea, a state of intoxication or apoplexy, con-
stant delirium, convulsive motions, Ac.  Emetics
in strong doses, and  not much diluted with wa-
ter; purgatives  and  glysters are the first  means
to be  used  in this condition.  The stupor may
afterwards be combated by the  use of exciting
and stimulating drinks.
  Narcosis  Folliculo'rum.   A   state  of the
scalp, which Mr.  Erasmus Wilson conceives  to
be dependent upon torpid  action of the hair fol-
licles, and in which the  scalp and  hair are found
covered with a  yellowish, dirty-looking powder,
composed of an admixture of granular particles
and furfuraceous scales.
  NARCOSPAS'MUS, from vapKV, 'stupor,'and
o-Trioyio;, ' spasm.'   Stupor combined with  spasm.
  NARCOTIA,  Narcotine.
  NARCOTIC POrSON, see Poison.
  NARCOTICO-ACRID, see Poison.
  NARCOT'ICS.  Xarcot'ica,  Carot'iea,  Obstu-
pefacien'tin, Stnpefncierltia, Stupe fa'cients, (F.)
Stiipifactifis, Stupe/ianls.  Same  etymon.  Sub-
stances, which have  the property  of stupefying;
— as  opium, stramonium,  hyoscyamus, bella-
donna,  Ac.   They  are  used  in  medicine  as
soothing agents ; exerting their  special influence
on  the brain and tubular matter  of the spinal
marrow.   In small  doses, as  a  general rule,
narcotics stimulate;  in  large, they act as seda-
t ves.   The  following is  a list of  the chief narco-
tics:— Aconitum,  iEtberea, Belladonna, Cam-
phora,  Cannabis, Conium,  Digitalis,  Humulus,
Hyoscyamus, Lactucarium,  Opium and Morphia,
Stramonii Folia, Stramonii Setnina, Mental Nar-
cotics, (Appropriate  Music,  Monotonous sounds,
or any succession of  monotonous impressions.)
  NAR'COTINE, Narcotina, Narcot'ia,  Narco-
tin, Anarcotlna, Opia'iium; same etymon; (F.)
Sel  de  Dirosne  ou  d'opium,  Opiane,  Principe
crystallizable de Dirosne.  A solid, white, inodo-
rous, and insipid substance; by some considered
to be alkaloid ;  by others neuter ; crystallizable
in straight prisms with a rhomboidal  base; fusi-
ble like the fats;  soluble in boiling alcohol and
ether, and scarcely soluble in water.   Narcotine
produces all the unpleasant effects of opium ; but,
at the same time, throws tbe animal into a state
of stupor.   It is not used in medicine, on account
of these objections.  The salts, which  are very
bitter, have been used successfully in India  for
the cure of intermittents.
  NARCOTISM, Narcosis.
  NAR'COTIZED,  Tor'pidus,  Kami dee.  Af.
fected with stupor,  as from the use of a narcotic.
  NARD,  CELTIC,  Valeriana Celtica — n. In-
diea, Nardus Indiea—». Indicn, Nardus Indiea—
». Iiitliqne, Nardus  Indiea—?i. Petit, Aralia nudi-
caulis—n. Snuvnge, Asarum.
  NARDOSTACHYS JATAMANSI, Nardus In-
diea—n. Patrinia, Nardus Indiea.
  NARDUM GALLICUM, Valeriana Celtiea.
  NARDUS AMERICANUS,  Aralia nudicaulis
—n. Celtiea, Valeriana Celtiea—n. Celtiea altera,
Arnica montana—n. Montana. Asarum.
  Nardus In'dica, Spica nardi seu In'dica, An-
dropo'gon nardus seu citriodo'rus, Did. Grami-
neae [?]. or Nardos'tachys seu Valeria'no seu Pn-
trin'ia Jatamarlsi,  Viilcritlna spica ;  Order, Vn-
lerianaceae : Indian nurd, Spikenard.   The  root
of  this  plant is one  of the ingredients in the
mithridate and theriaca.   It is moderately warm
and pungent, and has a flavour by no means dis-
agreeable. It is used by the Orientals as a spiec:
— (F.) Nard lndien  ou  Indique.   An  ointment
was formerly used, called  Uiignen'tum nurtli'num.
It was prepared of Nard,  Malabathrum /tares,
Oil ofi worms,  Costus, Amomum, 3Iyrrh, Ac, and
was used  as a detergent.
  Nardus Rustica, Asarum.
  NARES, Rhines,  Car'itas seu  Carum  seu
Ca'vea seu  Carcr'na na'riuni, Nasus  inter'nus,
.Mi/ctc'res,  Na'rium ad'itus,  Oeheteii'inti'tu,  The
nostrils, (Prov.) Snirrels,  Snnrles, (F.) Narines.
Two elliptical apertures, situate beneath the nose,
and separated  from each  other  by the cartila-
ginous septum  seu colitnlna nasi.  These  aper-
tures are  continually open, and give passage to
the air we breathe, and to the mucous fluids se-
creted in  the nasal fossae.
  Nares  Interna, Nasal fossae.
  Nares  Posterior, Nares postre'ma, Extre'-
ma nares, Os'tia posterio'ra  seu Cholines  ""'-
ri'iim, Na'riuni  Ex'itus, (F.) Arrieres narines, Ou-
vertures postirieures  des fosses nasalis, are the
posterior  apertures of the nasal cavities, which
establish a communication between those cavities
and the pharynx.  They are bounded, above, by
the body of the sphenoid  bone; below, by the
palate bone, and the base of  the velum pendu-
lum; and, on the outside, by the internal ala of
the pterygoid process.  They are  separated from
each  other  by a septum, of which the vomer ia
the bony  part.
   NARIFUSO'RIA,  from  nares, 'the nostrils,'
and fundere, fusion,  'to pour.'  Medicine  dropt
into the nostrils.
   NARINES, Nares.
   NARIUM ADITUS, Nares—n. Siccitas,Myc-
teroxe rotes.
   NARROW CHEST, see Lordosis.
   NARTHECIA, Formulary,  Mvris.
   NARTUECIUM. Formulary. Myris.
   NARTHEX, Formulary, Myris,  Splint —n.
Asafoetida, see Asafoetida.
   NASA, Nacra, Nata.
   NASAL, Nnsa'lis,  from  nasus,  'the  nose.
That which relates to the nose.
   Nasal Artery.  This is the largest of the two
branches  in which  the  ophthalmic artery termi-
nates. It issues from the orbit, above the tendon 
NASAL                 621            NASO-PALATINB
of the orbicularis palpebrarum, passes above the
side of the root of the nose, and anastomoses with
the last extremity ofthe facial.   Haller gave the
name nasal to the spheno-palatine.   lie  also
called the dorsales nasi, furnished by the exter-
nal maxillary, Nastl les latern'les.
  Nasal Bones,  Ossa  nasi  seu  nasu'lia, Ossic'-
tdn  nasi, Ossa maxilla siipcrio'ris  quarta seu
quinta seu  secuilda, (F.) Os nasaitx, Os propres
du nez.   These  bones  are  situate beneath the
nasal notch  of  the os  frontis,  and occupy the
space between the nasal or angular processes of
the superior maxillary  bone.   Their  shape  is
nearly quadrilateral.  They  have an external  or
cutaneous surface, an internal or nasal, and four
margins.  Each  is  articulated  with  its  fellow,
with the  os frontis, ethmoid, and superior maxil-
lary  bones.  They ossify from a  single point.
  NASAL Car'tilage,  CarUln'go  trianguhl ris
Nasi.   A  cartilage formed of three  portions,
which unite at the  dorsum  nasi, and are distin-
guished into the  cartilage of the septum,  and the
lateral cartilages.  This  cartilage  is continuous,
above, with the  ossa nasi,  and,  inferiorly, with
membranous fibro-cartilages, which form  the sup-
ple and  movable part  of the nostrils.  They are
two in number—the one before, the other behind.
  Nasal Duct, Lachrymal duct — n. Eminence,
Mesophryon.
  Nasal Foss<E, Cavi na'rium, Nares  inter'not.
Two  large, anfractuous  cavities, situate  between
the  orbits   below the  cranium,  and lined by
the pituitary or Schneiderian membrane.  These
cavities have no  communication  with each other;
but the various sinuses in the neighbouring bones
— the ethmoidal, sphenoidal, superior maxillary,
&c. — all communicate with them.  The general
cavity of each nostril is divided by the ossa spon-
giosa into  three meatus or  jnissn,/rs, which run
from  before backwards.  1. Tho 3Ieatus narium
supe'rior, placed at the  upper,  inner, and back
part of the superior spongy  bone.  2. The Mea-
tus me'dius, situate between  the superior  and in-
ferior spongy bones;  and  3.  The 3featus infe-
rior,  situate between  the inferior spongy bone
and  the bottom  of the nose.   The Schneide-
rian  membrane receives  the first pair of nerves,
and  various branches from  the  fifth pair.  The
arteries  are furnished by the branches of the in-
ternal maxillary, known under the names of
spheno-palatine,  infra-orbitar, superior  alveolar,
palatine, pterygo-palatine ;  by the supra-orbitar,
and ethmoidal branches of the ophthalmic artery;
by the internal carotid, superior labial, and dor-
sales  nasi.   Its veins are little known, and gene-
rally  follow the course of the arteries.  The lym-
phatics are  almost unknown.  The  nasal  fossae
are the seat of smell; they aid, also, in respiration
and phonation.                               t
  Nasal Meatus, see Nasal fossae.
  Nasal Mucus, 3Iucus na'rium, Phlegma na'-
rium crassum,  3Iucor seu Pitulta seu Blenna seu
Lympha muculen'ta na'rium, Apomyx'ia, vulgarly
called Snot, Snob, Snoth, (F.) 3Iorve, is the mucus
secreted by the Schneiderian membrane.
  Nasal Nerve, Naso-palpibral (Ch.), Nasn-
oeula'ris  (Siimraering),  Naso-cilia'ris.   One  of
the three branches of the  ophthalmic nerve of
Willis.  It  enters the orbit by the sphenoidal fis-
sure, passes along the inner paries  of that cavity,
and divides, opposite  the internal and  anterior
orbitar foramen, into two branches.   1.  The in-
ternal and posterior, which passes into the Fora-
men orbitarium internum  anterius, enters  the cra-
nium beneath the dura mater, and passes  into the
nasal fossae, through an aperture at  the side of
the Crista galli.  It afterwards divides into seve-
ral filaments:  one  of them — the Naso-lobar, of
Chaussier — is very small, and  descends on the
posterior surface  of the os nasi, and ramifies on
the integuments of the ala nasi.  A  second ter-
minates near the septum; others  descend along
the outer paries of the nasal fossa1.   2. The  other
is external aud anterior, and is called the external
nasal nerve.  It is  distributed  to  the outside of
the orbit.   Before dividing, the nasal nerve  com-
municates  with  the ophthalmic  ganglion,  and
gives off two  or  three ciliary nerves.  Sommer-
ing has given the  name  Posterior Nasal Nerves
to the nerves which arise from  the internal part
of the spheno-palatine ganglion.
  Nasal  Notch,  (F.)  Echancrure  nasale.  A
semicircular  notch, situate  between the  nasal
prominence of the frontal bone, and articulated
with the nasal bones and the nasal processes of
the superior maxillary bones.
  Nasal Process, Maxillary bone, superior.
  Nasal  Prom'inence,  (F.) Basse nasale.  A
prominence, situate on the  median line, at the
anterior surface of the os frontis, between the two
superciliary arches.
  Nasal  Region,  Re'gio nasa'lis.   The region
of the nose.
  Nasal Spines.   These are three incumber.
  1. The Supe'rior nasal spine  of the os frontis,
occupying the middle of its nasal notch, and ar-
ticulated  before  with the nasal  bones, behind
with the ethmoid.  2. The infe'rior and ante'rior
nasal spine, situate at the inferior part of the an-
terior opening of the nasal fossae.   It is formed
by the two superior maxillary bones; and 3. The
ilife'rior and poste'rior nasal spine, Epine guttu-
rale (Ch.), a process, formed  on the median line
by the two palate bones at the posterior part of
the palatine arch.
  NASALE, Errhine.
  NASALIS,  Compressor naris.
  Nasa'lis La'bii Superio'ris.  A  small  mus-
cular slip, which runs up from the middle of the
orbicularis and the lip to the  tip of the nose.  It
lies exactly in the  furrow, and is  occasionally a
levator of the upper lip, or a depressor of the tip
of the nose.
  NASAS, Nata.
  NASATUS, Membrosus.
  NAS'CALE.  A kind of pessary, made of wool,
or cotton,  which was formerly introduced into
the  vagina, after being  impregnated with oil,
ointment, or some other proper medicament.
  NASCAPHTHON, Narcurphthon.
  NASDA, Nata.
  NASI, see Oryza.
  NASITAS, Rhinophonia.
  NASITIS, Rhinitis—n. Postica, Anginanasalis.
  NASO, Nastl tits, frora nasus, 'the nose.'  One
who has a long nose.  In  composition, appertain-
ing or relating to the nose.
  NASOCILIARY (Nervus). Nasal nerve.
  NASO-LA'BIAL, Naso-lnbia'lis:  from  naso,
and  labium, ' a lip.'  Relating  to  the nose  and
lip.
  Naso-Labial  Line.  A line  or  furrow, which
separates the lip from the cheek, and commences
at the ala nasi.
  NASO-LABIA'LIS.   A  muscular  fasciculus
described by Albinus, which arises  from  the an-
terior extremity of the septum  nasi, and termi-
nates in the orbicularis oris.
  NASO-PAL'ATINE,  Nnso-palatlnus.   That
which belongs to the nose and velum palati.
  Naso-Palatine  Ganglion is situate in  the
foramen palatinum anterius.   Its  greater extre-
mity  receives  the two naso-palatine  branches; 
IVA SO-PA LPfiBRAL
622
NAUSIOSIS
whilst  the smaller gives off two or three fila-
ments, which reach  the palatine vault, where
tbey ramify on the membrane of the same name,
anastomosing with filaments of the great palatine
nerve.
  Naso-Palatixe Ni:rve, Nerve  of Cotun'nins,
is furnished  by the spheno-palatine, which pro-
ceeds from the ganglion of Meckel.  It traverses
tbe vault of the nasal fossae, and proceeds upon
the septum between the two layers of  the pituitary
membrane.   It enters the anterior palatine canal,
and terminates at the superior angles of the naso-
palatine ganglion, without attaining  the  mouth.
   NASO-PALPEBRAL, Orbicularis palpebra-
rum.
   NASTA, Nata.
   NASTURTIUM AMPniBIUM,   see  Sisym-
brium— n. Aquaticum, Cardamine pratensis, Si-
symbrium nasturtium—n. Bursa pastoris, Thlaspi
bursa—n. Hortense, Lepidium sativum—n. Indi-
cum, Tropaeolum majus—n.  Officinale, Sisymbri-
um nasturtium—n. Palustre, see Sisymbrium—n.
Peruvianum, Tropaeolum  majus —  n.  Pratense,
Cardamine pratensis—n. Sativum, Lepidium  sa-
tivum.
   NASUM DILATANS, Pyramidalis nasi.
   NASUS, Nose, Rhin,  Rhis,  Or'ganon  olfiac-
tiis  seu odora'tus  seu olfacto'riiim, Pronionto'-
rium faciei,  .Myxo'ter,  Emuncto'rium  cer'ebri,
Snout, (Sc.)  Nds, Ncs, (F.) Nez.   The  nose  is a
P3'ramidal eminence, situate above  tho anterior
apertures  of the nasal  fossae, which it covers;
and, consequently,   occupying  the  middle  and
upper part of the face, between the  forehead and
upper lip, the orbits and the cheeks. Its lateral
surfaces form, by uniting angularly, a more or
less prominent  line,  called  Dorsum  seu Rhaehis
seu Spina Nasi,  (F.) Dos du nez.  This line ter-
minates, anteriorly, by the lobe,—Lob'ulus.   The
sides are  called Ala Nasi,  Pinna  Nun's,  (F.)
Ailes du nez.  The  columna is the  inferior  part
 of the partition.  Its apex or tip has been called
 Gloh'ulus nasi.
   The chief varieties of the nose are  the aq'uiline,
 foe flat nose, (F.) Nez crunarot ou ipati, and  the
mi»i6 nose, (F.) Nezretroussi.   The nose is formed,
besides its bones, of fibro-cartilage, cartilage, mus-
 cles, vessels, and nerves; and its use  seems to be to
 direct odours to the upper part of the nasal fossae.
   Nasus Internus,  Nares.
   NASUTUS, Naso.
   NATA, Natta, Nasa, Nastla, Nistn, Nasas,
 Nnpta.   A fleshy, indolent  excrescence, having
 the shape of the nates.
   NATARON,  Natron.
   NATA'TION, Nata'tio, from natare, natatum,
 itself from  ?in?-e,  'to swim.'  Swimming.  The
 action of swimming,  or of supporting one's  self,
 or moving upon the water.  Swimming resem-
 bles the horizontal  leap  in  its physiology — the
 medium being water instead of air. The differ-
 ence between the specific gravity of the human
 body and that of water is not great; so that but
 little exertion is required to keep  a part of the
 body above water.  Swimming is a  healthy gym-
 nastic  exercise, combining  the  advantages of
 bathing.
   NATES, Ephed'rana, Sca'phia, Podex, Chines,
  Glutoi,  Gluti,  Glu'tia,  Sedllia, Pyge,  3It,na,
 Bottom, Backside, Poste'riors, Buttocks, (Prov.)
  Tout, (Sc.)  D'inp, Dowp,  Dolp,  Drodditm, Hur-
 dles, Lendis, Ac, (F.) Fesses.  Two round pro-
 jections, at the inferior and  posterior part of the
 trunk, on which we  sit.  Amongst  the mamma-
 lia, man alone has the nates prominent and round.
 They are formed chiefly by the skin, and a thick
 layer of areolar tissue, which covers  the three
 glutasi muscles.
  Nates Cerebri, Quadrigemina corpora—n. et
Testes, Quadrigemina corpora.
  NATRIUM, Sodium.
  NATROCREN^E,  Natropegse.
  NATRON, Natritm, Nalaron, Nitrum, Ana-
trum, Aphronitrum, from Natron, a lake in .Tudicn.
A  saline compound, very abundant  in  Egypt,
which  is almost wholly formed of subenibonute
of soda.
  NATRONIUM, Sodium.
  NATROPE'GiE,   Natrocre'na,  from  natron,
and -irnyn, ' a spring.'  Soda springs.
  NATRUM,  Natron — n. Chloratum liquidum,
Liquor sodae chlorinatae — n. Muriaticum, Soda,
muriate of—n. Muriatum, Soda, muriate of—n.
Prasparatum, Soda, subcarbonate of—n. Tartari-
zatum, Soda, tartrate of—n. Vitriolatum, Soda,
sulphate of—n.  Nitricum, Soda, nitrate of—n.
Oxymuriaticum, Soda, chloride of—n. Oxyphos-
phorodes, Soda, phosphate of—n. Sulphuricum,
Soda, sulphate of.
  NATTA, Nata.
  NATUL-35, Quadrigemina tubercula.
  NATU'RA, from  nasci, 'to be born or arise.'
Physis.  Nature.  Also, the genital organs.
  Natu'ra Morbi.  The  essence or condition of
a disease.
  NATURAL  PARTS, Genital organs.
  NATURALIA, Genital organs.
  NA'TURISM, Naluralism.   A view  which
attributes  every thing to  nature, as a sage, pre-
scient, and sanative entity.—Nysten.  See Ex-
pectation.
  NA'TURIST.  A physician who scrupulously
investigates, interprets, and follows  the indica-
tions presented  by nature in the treatment of
disease.
  NAU'CLEA GAMBIR, Unca'ria gambir.  A
plant of the Nat.  Order, Rubiaceoe, native  of
the  Malayan Peninsula and Indian Archipelago,
which yields large quantities  of the  kind  of
Catechu known  by the names Terra Japan'ica
and Square Catechu, and which, in Indian com-
merce,  is  called Gambler or Gambir.   It is  a
powerful astringent, much used in tanning, and
in medicine.  See Catechu.
   NAU'SEA,  Nail sia,   Nauslasis,  Nausio'sis,
Nau'tia, Queas'iness,  Squeas'iness, (F.) Nmtsle,
Envie de  vomir; from vans, navis, 'a ship;'be-
cause  those  unaccustomed to sailing are so  af-
fected.  Sickness.   Inclination to vomit.
   Nausea, Kreat'ic, (nptas,Kpearos, 'flesh.') The
sickness and vomiting, excited, in some nervous
patients, by the smallest portion of animal food.
   Nausea Mari'na, 3Iorbus nau'ticns, Vom'itun
tnavigan'liitm seu marinus, Sea-sickness, (F.) 31 ul
de mer.  The sickness, vomiting, Ac, experienced
at sea by  those unaccustomed to a sea-life; and
from which those who are accustomed  are not
always exempt.  It generally  ceases when the
person becomes habituated to the motion of the
vessel, and not till  then.
   NAUSEABOND, Nauseant.
   NAU'SEANT, Nau'seans,  (F.) Nausiabnnd,
 Nausienx. An agent that excites nausea, which
 is a state  of diminished  action.  Nauscants are,
 hence, valuable  remedies in diseases of excite-
 ment.
   NAUSIA, Nausea.
   NAUSIASIS, Nausea.
   NAUSIO'SIS.  This word, besides being f>y-
 nonyinous with nausea, has been used to express
 the state  of venous hemorrhage, when blood i«
 discharged by jets. 
NAUTIA
  NAUTIA, Nausea.
  NAVEL, Umbilicus—n. String, Funiculus um-
bilicalis—n. Wort, Cotyledon umbilicus—n. Wort,
Yenus's,  Cotyledon  umbilicus.
  NAVET, Brassica rapa—?i. du Diable, Bryo-
nia alba—u. Galant, Bryonia alba.
  NA VETTE, Brassica rapa.
  NAVICULAR, Navicula'ris, Navi for'mis, (F.)
 Ntitricnluirij, from navicula, 'a little ship.'
  Navic'ular Fossa,  Fossa Navicula'ris seu
 Scapho'ldes, Navic'ula, Scaph'ula.  See Scaphoid.
 This name  has been given, 1. To a small depres-
 sion between the entrance of the vagina and the
 posterior commissure of the  labia major or four-
 chette.   2. To a perceptible dilatation, presented
 by  the  urethra in  man, near  the base of the
 glans.   3.  To the  superficial depression which
 separates the two roots of the helix.  This is also
 called Scapha.
  NAVICULARE  OS,  Scaphoides os.
  NAVIFORMIS, Navicular.
  NAVIS, Vulva.
  NEAR-SIGHTEDNESS, Myopia.
  XEARTHRO'SIS, from  veos, 'young or  new,'
 and apHpov, 'a joint.'  A new joint.
  NEBLE, Nipple.
  NEB'ULA, Nubes, Nubec'ula, Nephos, vetfttXn,
 Ne.pllele, Nephe'lion, Visits nebula'sits, (F.) Nuage,
 Ombrage.  A slight speck on  the cornea. A mist
 or cloud  suspended  in the urine.  See Caligo.
  NERULOUS, Nepheloid.
  NECESSARY, Necessa'rius, (ne, and cessare.)
 The Necessaries ofi Li/e, Vita necessita''tes, (F.)
 llesoins de la vie,  include  every thing  requisite
 for the maintenance of life, and particularly food.
  NECK, Collum—n. Derbyshire,  Bronchocele.
  Neck op the Foot, Instep.
  Neck, Swelled, Bronchocele—n. Stiff, Torti-
 collis—n. Wry, Torticollis.
  NECKLACE, AN'ODYNE, (F.) Collieranodin.
 These  are  formed  of the roots  of hyoscyamus,
 Job's tears, allspice steeped  in  brandy, or the
 seeds of  the wild liquorice vine, to suit the fancy
 of the  prescriber.   They are  employed to facili-
 tate dentition in children, and to procure sleep  in
 fever. (!)
  XECKWEED, Veronica  beccabunga, V.  pere-
 grina.
  NECRiE'MIA, from  venpos, 'death,' and 'atpa,
 'blood.'  Death of the blood.  Death beginning
 with the  blood.
  NECRENCEPHALUS, Mollities cerebri.
  NECROCEDIA, Embalming.
  NECROCOMIUM, Morgue.
  NECRODES, Cadaverous.
  NECRODOCHIUM, 3torgue.
  NECROLOGY, BILLS OF, Mortality, bills of.
  NECROMANCY, Necromania, Negramantla,
Necyomantla, Nigromunti'a, from veicpos, 'death,'
and  pavreia,  'divination.'   Divination by the
dead.
  XECROMANTIA, Necromancy.
  NECRON, Cadaver.
  NECRONARCEMA, Rigor mortis.
  NECROPHOBTA, from venpos, 'death,'  and
<t>>fi<rs, 'fear.'   Exaggerated fear  of death.  This
symptom occurs in  patients where the disease  is
'<"t  mortal; as in hypochondriasis.  In fevers,  it
is not a good symptom.
  XECROl'XEUMO'XIA,  Pnettmo'nia  gangra-
uo'*a sen typho'sa,  Gangra'na  seu 3fortifica'tio
sou  Anthrax seu Carl, ml cut us Pulmo'num, Pnen-
inosep'sis, Pneumoc'ace,  (F.)  Gangrene du  Pou-
nwn,  Pneumonicrosie, — Piorry;  from veicpos,
623                 NEEDLE
'death,' and pneumonia.   Gangrenous inflamma-
tion  of the lungs.   This  may be diffused or cir-
cumscribed.   The only pathognomonic symptom
is the extraordinary and repulsive  odour of the
breath and expectoration.  The  treatment con-
sists in tbe use of the  chlorides internally, or of
chlorine  by  inhalation;  allaying  irritation by
opium, and supporting the patient by wine-whey,
and  nourishing diet.
  NECROPSIA, Autopsia cadaverica.
  NECROPSY*, Autopsia cadaverica.
  NECROSCOPIA, Autopsia cadaverica.
  NECROSCOPY,  Autopsia cadaverica.
  NECROSED, see Necrosis.
  NECROSEMEIOT'ICE, from  veicpos, 'death,'
and  anpttov, 'a sign.'  The doctrine of the signs
of death.
  NECRO'SIS, from vtKpoto, 'I kill.'  Mortifica-
tion. State of a bone or of a portion of a bone
deprived of life.  Osteogangra'na, Osteonecrosis.
The bone, in  such  case, is said to be necrosed.
Necrosis may take place without the surrounding
soft  parts being struck with gangrene.  It is to
the  bones what gangrene is to  the  soft parts.
The part of the bone  affected  with necrosis be-
comes a foreign body, similar to  the gangrenous
eschar, and its separation must be  accomplished
by the efforts  of nature, or by art.  When necro-
sis occurs in  the centre  of long  bones, it never
extends to their articular extremities.  The exte-
rior  layers of bone form a canal  round the dead
portion  or  sequestrum;  between  these swollen
layers and  the sequestrum, suppuration  takes
place; the matter presses against the bony canal;
perforates  it,  and  is discharged by  apertures,
which become fistulous.
  In the treatment, tho  exit of the sequestrum
must be  facilitated by proper  incisions, by  the
application of the trepan to the bone, Ac
  Necrosis Cerealis, Ergotism  — n. Dentium,
Dental gangrene — n. Ustilaginea, Ergotism.
  NECROSTOA, 3/ort/ue.
  NECROTOMY,  Dissection.
  NECTANDRA CINNAMOMOI'DES, Laurus
cinnamomoVdes, Ciiinamo'mum  sylves'tre  Ameri-
ca'num :  Order, Lauraceae ; native  of New Gre-
nada, where it is called  Cauda;  has the odour
and  taste of cinnamon, and is used  as such.
  Nectandra  Cymba'rum,  Ocote'a cymba'rum
seu ama'ra, grows in Oronoko,  where it is called
Sass'afras.   The bark  is  aromatic, bitter, and
stomachic; and Von Martius thinks it is an in-
gredient in the curare poison.
  Nectandra Puchury,  see Pichurim beans —
n. Rodiei, see  Bebeeru.
  NECTAR, vtKrap, from vn, 'a  particle  of ne-
gation,'  and KTaor, 'to  kill.'  A pleasant liquor,
feigned by the poets to have  been  the drink of
the  gods, and to have rendered immortal those
who  partook of it.  A name given, by the an-
cients, to  many drinks; and  particularly to one
made with wine, evaporated, and sweetened with
honey.
  NECTARIUM, Inula heleniurn.
  NECUSIA, see Wound.
  NECYOMANTIA, Necromancy.
  NEDYIA, Intestines.
  NEDY'S, vnSvs.  The belly, abdomen, stomach,
uterus.
  NEEDLE, Sax. ner>l, nsewl, from  Teut. neten,
'to sew.'  Acus, Belone, linphis, Raph' inn. Aces'-
tru.  (F.) Aiguille.  A  steel instrument, used in
many professions.   In Surgery,  a  steel, gold, sil-
ver,  or platina instrument, that may be round,
flat,  or triangular, straight, or curved, supported
or not by a handle, but having always a point, by 
NEEDLE-BEARER         6
means of which it penetrates the textures; and
often  having, either near the point, or more com-
monly, near the other extremity, an aperture or
eye for the reception  of a thread or tape,  which
it introduces into the parts.  The Aiguille  d ap-
prardl of the French is the  ordinary sewing nee-
dle used in the making of bandages, Ac.
  Needle, A'cupuxcture, (F.) Aiguille d Acu-
puncture.   An inflexible  gold or silver needle;
conical, very delicate, four inches long, furnished
with  a handle,  and, at times, with a  canula
shorter than it by about  half an inch.  An ordi-
nary  needle, waxed at the head, will answer as a
substitute for this.   See  Acupuncture.
  Needle,  Cat'aract, Acus oplithalmica, (F.)
Aiguille d cataracte.  Needles of gold, silver, and
steel   have been used; the  latter, alone,  at the
present day.   The cataract needle  is employed
to depress or tear the crystalline when  opake.
This  needle  is usually made from 15 to 24 lines
long; and is attached to a fine handle.   The ex-
tremity may be, as in Scarpa's and Langenbeck's,
pointed, prismatic,  triangular,  and  curved; in
Dupuytren's  and Walther's, flat, curved,  and
sharp-edged; in Hey's,  flat, with a semicircular
and  sharp  end;  or, as   in  Beer's, Siebold's,
Schmidt's,  Himly's, Von  Grafe's, Ac,  straight
and  spear-pointed.   A mark is generally  placed
upon  the handle to inform  the  operator, — when
the instrument is engaged in the eye,—what side
corresponds  to tbe crystalline.
   Needle for a Counter-Opening, Acus inva-
gina'ta, (F.) Aiguille a  Contre-ouvertitre ou en-
gainie ou  il gaine, — a long, narrow instrument
of steel;  the point of which is fine and sharp on
both  sides;—the heel (talon) having an aperture
to  receive a thread, tape,  Ac, provided with a
flat,  silver  sheath,  shorter than  the blade, the
point of which it covers when passing through
parts that have to be respected.
   Needle,  Deschamp's,   Panpe's  needle,  (F.)
 Aiguille de  Descliamps,  A.  d manclie, Ac, is the
lust described  needle, fixed to a handle.  The eye
 is placed near the point.   It  is employed  in the
 ligature of deep-seated arteries.
   Needle, Fis'tula, (F.) Aiguille d Fistule.  A
 long, flat, flexible, silver instrument; having an
 aperture near one extremity; blunt at the other.
 This was formerly used for passing a seton  into
 fistulous ulcers.  On  one of its sides was a  groove
 for guiding a bistouri in case of necessity.
   Also, a long, steel instrument, terminated by a
 point like that of a  trocar, which Desault em-
 ployed for penetrating the rectum, when operating
 for fistula that had no internal aperture.
   Needle.  Hare-Lip,  (F.) Aiguille et Bee  de
 Lievre.  A  small, silver canula, to which is at-
 tached a spear-point, that can be readily with-
 drawn.  This needle, armed with the  point, is
 introduced at one side  of the  fissure in the  lip,
 and  through  the  other.   The twisted suture is
 then applied, and the pin withdrawn.
   Needle,  Lig'ature,  (F.) Aiguille d ligature.
 A long, steel instrument, sharp  towards one  ex-
 tremity, with  an eye near the other, which was
 formerly used for suspending the circulation  of
 blood prior to amputation, by being passed through
 the limb, so as to include the principal artery and
 a part of the muscles and integuments.
   Also, a steel instrument  of various dimensions,
 round towards one  of its  extremities, which was
 straight, and furnished with an aperture;  curved
 and  flat towards tbe opposite, which was pointed,
 and  had a slight ridge on  its concave side.   At
 the  commencement  of  the last  century,  this
 instrument  was used to  pass ligatures  around
 vessels.
   Also, a steel instrument of various dimensions,
4              NEOPLASTY
flat, regularly curved in the form of a semicircle,
with a sharp or lance point, and a long eye, used
with advantage in place of the last.
  Needle, Pa cue's, Needle, Deschamp's.
  Needle, Seton, (F.) Aiguille d Siton. A long,
narrow, steel  blade;  pointed and sharp nt  one
extremity; pierced  nt  the other by an aperture.
The Aiguille d coutre-ouverture may  be used for
the same purpose.
  Needle, Sutuiu:, (F.) Aiguille d Suture.   For
the twisted suture,  the hare-lip needle is used ;
for the others, the straight or curved needle : the
straight needle is preferable for stitching up tho
abdomen, Ac,  in dissection.  In tbe suture of
the tendons, a curved needle has been used: flat
on both  sides,  and  cutting  only nt the concave
edge, in order that the instrument  may pass be-
tween the tendinous fibres without dividing them.
  NEEDLE-BEARER, Porte-aiguille.
  NEEDLE-CARRIER, Porte-aiguille.
  NEEM BARK, see  Melia azedarach.
  NEESING, Sneezing.
  NEFLE, Mespilus (the fruit).
  NEFLIER, Mespilus.
  NEFREN'DES,  properly,  'sucking  pigs.' —
Varro.  Nodoi, Eden'tuti (vn, privative, and odovs,
oiovros,  'a tooth.')   Persons devoid  of  teeth.
Young children, for instance, who have not cut
them; or aged persons, who have  lost  them.
This state is called Ncfrendis, Nodo'sia, Odon'tia
eden'titla.
  NEOOTIUM PARTURITIONIS, Parturition.
  NEGRE BLANC, Albino.
  NEGRETIA PRURIENS, Dolichos pruriens.
  NEGRO,  Nlgrita,   (F.)  Negre.    One of the
^Ethiopian race.  See  Homo and Mulatto.
  NEGROMANTIA, Necromancy.
  NELERA, Abdomen.
  NE1GE, Snow.
  NEIR, Kidney.
  NEIRA, Abdomen.
  NEIS, Nasus.
  NELUM'BIUM  LU'TEUM, Yellow ne'htmbo,
 Yellow wilier lily. Pond lily. Water shield, Water
nuts,  Water chin'capin. Buttle nut, Sacred bean.
A beautiful water  plant, common  in the United
States, and belonging  to Nut. Ord. Nymphacca::
Sex.  Syst. Polyandria Polygynia.  The leaves
are cooling and emollient when  applied to the
surface.   The roots, leaves,  and nuts are eiiten.
The last  are called by the Indians  and  others
water chincnjiins.
   NELUMBO, YELLOW, Nelumbium luteum.
   NENDO, Angelica lucida.
   NENNDORF,  MINERAL  WATERS   OF
Nenndorf is a village three and a half German
miles from Hanover.  Its cold sulphureous spring
is much celebrated.
   NENUPHAR, Nymphaea alba — n. Blanc,
Nymphaea alba—n. Jaune, Nymphaea lutea — n.
Lutea, Nymphaea lutea — u. Odorant, Nymphaea
odorata.
   NEOARTHROSIS, from vcos,  'new,'and ap-
Qpov, 'a joint.'  A new joint; an artificial joint.
   NEOG'ALA, from veos, 'new,' and yaXa, 'milk.'
 Milk secreted immediately  after  the colostrum.
Also, the colostrum.
   NEOCENES, Nonveau-ni.
   NEOGILUS, N„„venu-1li.
   NEOGXUS, Konreau-ni.
   NEOGONUS, Ni.itrean-ni.
   NEO-MEMBRANE, see Membrane, false.
   NEONATUS, Notirean-ne.
   NE'OPLASTY,  Nfmlas'tiee, from veos, 'new,' 
NEOSCYTECHUS           62
5
NEPHROID
and itXaaoia, tXhttw, 'I form.'  An operative pro-
cess for the formation of new parts.  It includes
nutopluisty, cicatrization of wounds, and the  for-
mation of adhesions.—Burdach.
  NEOSCYTECHUS,  see  Cmquement  de Cuir
new/.
  NEOTOCICTERUS, Icterus infantum.
  NEOTTIA, Goodyera pubescens.
  NEP, Nepeta.
  N EPEN'THA DESTILLATO'RIA, Bandu'ra.
A Ceylonese plant, the root of which is astringent.
  NEPENTHES, from vn, negative particle, and
ncvSos, 'grief.'   A  remedy much extolled  by the
ancients against sadness and melancholy.
  The women  of  Thebes, according to Diodorus
Biceliotes, alone possessed the secret of its com-
position; and, according to Homer, Helen intro-
duced it from Egypt.  Some suppose it to have
been opium.
  Nepenthes, Bangue—n. Opiatum, Pilulae opl-
atse.
  NEP'ETA, N.  Cata'ria seu vnlgrlris, Cata'ria
vulga'ris, Herba felis, Nep, Catnep, Catmint, (F.)
Herbe aux Glints, Catttire, — so called, because
cats are fond of it.  Ord. Labiatm.  The leaves,
 Cata'ria, (Ph. U. S.), have a smell and taste like
those of an  admixture of spearmint and penny-
royal.  It has been recommended in  uterine dis-
orders, dyspepsia,  flatulency,  Ac, like penny-
royal; and is  much used in domestic medicine,
on  the American continent,  in flatulencies, Ac,
 of children.
  Ncpeta Agrestis,  Melissa  nepeta — n.  Gle-
choma, Glechoma hederacea — n.  Vulgaris, Ne-
 peta.
  NEPHALIOTES, Temperance.
  NEPHELE,  Enmorcraa, Nebula.
  NEPHELION, Nebula.
  NEPH'ELOID, NepheloVdes, Ncphelo'des,
 Neb'ulous, Nubilo'sus.   From ve^eXrj, 'a  cloud,'
and ttios, 'resemblance.'  An  epithet applied  to
urine when it is cloudy—Urlna ncphelo'des.
  NEPHOS, Nebula.
  NEPHRiEMORRHAGTA, see Hematuria.
  NEPHRALGIA, Dolor Ncphrelicus. Neural-
gia Renum, (F.) Nicrahjie des Reins, Dysniphro-
nervie, from  vetppos, ' a kidney,' and aXyos,  'pain.'
 Pain  and neuralgia in  the kidney.
  Nephralgia Arenosa, see Gravel—n.  Calcu-
losa, see Gravel—n. Rheumatica, Lumbago.
  NHPHRANURIA, Ichuria renalis.
  NEPIIRAPOS'TASIS, Nephropyo'sis, Absces'-
siis rena'lis, from  vttjjpos, 'kidney,'  and aitoaraats,
'abscess.'  Renal abscess.
  NEPIIRATON'IA, from  vttjrpos, 'kidney,'and
arona, ' want of tone.'  Renum atorlia seu pa-
ralysis.  Atony of the kidney.
  NEPHRAUX'E", from vetppos, 'a kidney,'and
aiifw,  'to increase.'  Enlargement of the kidney.
  NEPHRELCO'SIS, Niph ropy o'sis,  Helco'sis
rena'lis, from  vetppos, 'kidney,' and 'cXkiitcis, 'ul-
ceration.'  Ulceration ofthe kidney.
  NEPIIRELMIN'TIC,  Nephrelmin'ticus, from
vttjrpos, 'a kidney,'and 'eXpivs, 'eXpivOos, 'a worm.'
That which is owing to the presence of worms  in
the kidney.
  NEPHREMPHRAX'IS, from vetppos, 'a  kid-
ney,' and eptpptiaatii, ' I obstruct.' A name given
by Ploucquet to obstruction of the kidneys.
  NEPHRET'IC.  Nephrid'ins, Ncphrit'ic,  Ne-
phrit'icus, from vetppos, 'a kidney.'   That which |
relates to  the  kidney.   Applied,  especially,  to
pain, Ac, seated i-i  tbe kidney.                 j
  NEPI1RETTCUM. in .Materia 31cdica,  means |
        40
a medicine employed for the  cure of diseases of
the kidney.
  Nephreticum Lignum, Guilandina moringa.
  NEPHRET'ICUS LAPIS, Talcum nephril-
icum, (F.) Pierre niphritiqiie, Jade nejihrite ou
oriental.  A green, fatty kind  of  stone, — once
used as an amulet against  epilepsy,— an absurd
name,  as there can be no such remedy,
  NEPHRIA, Kidney,  Bright's disease ofthe.
  NEPHRIDTON, Pingue'do  rena'lis.    From
vttjrpos, 'the kidney.'  The fat which surrounds
the kidneys.—Hippocrates.
  NEPHRIDIUM, Capsule,  renal.
  NEPHRIDIUS, Nephretic.
  NEPIIRINE, Oxyd, cystic, Urea.
  NEPHRITE, Nephritis—n. Albumineuse, Kid-
ney, Bright's disease of the.
  NEPHRITES, Asphaltites.
  NEPHRITIC, Nephretic.
 _ NEPHRITICUM LIGNUM, Guilandina mo-
ringa.
  NEPHRITIS, Asphaltites.
  Nephri'tis, Empres'ma Nephritis, from veicpos,
'kidney,' and itis, 'denoting inflammation ;' Re-
num infiamma'tio, Nephro-phleg'mone, — Inflam-
mation of the Kidney, (F.) Niphrite, Infiammation
des Reins, is  characterized  by acute pain ;  burn-
ing heat,  and a sensation of weight in the region
of one or both  kidneys; suppression or diminu-
tion of urine;  fever;  dysuria;  ischuria; consti-
pation, more  or less obstinate;  retraction of tbe
testicle, and numbness of the thigh of the same
side.   It  may  be distinguished  into simple and
calculous  nephritis — Lithonephritis.  In  tbe lat-
ter, the urine often  contains small particles of
uric acid or of urate of ammonia.  The most com-
mon causes of nephritis are,—excess in irritating
and alcoholic drinks; abuse  of  diuretics;  blows
or falls on the region of the kidneys; the presence
of renal calculi, Ac.   It may be  distinguished
frora lumbago by the pain which attends  the lat-
ter on  the slightest motion, Ac.  It usually ter-
minates by resolution  in from  one week to two
or three.  It may, however,  end in suppuration
—pyoniphrite;  or may  become chronic—chrono-
niphrite,  (Piorry.)   In   the  treatment,  anti-
phlogistics, as  bleeding, baths,  Ac, are required
to  the full extent; with  the use of diluents,
opiates, Ac.
  Nephritis Albuminensis, Kidney, Bright's dis-
ease of the—n. Albuminosa, Kidney,  Bright's
disease of the — n. Associated,  Kidney, Bright's
disease of the—n. Cachectic, Kidney, Bright's dis-
ease of the — n. Calculous,  see Nephritis — n.
Sociata, Kidney, Bright's disease of the.
  NEPHROCIIALAZOSIS,  Kidney,  Bright's
disease of the.
  NEPHROCOCCOSIS, Kidney,  Bright's dis-
ease of the.
  NEPHROCTSTO'SIS, from vetppos, 'a kidney,'
and kvotis, 'a cyst or  bladder.'  A morbid con-
dition, which consists in the formation of cysts
in the  bladder.
  NEPHROCOLICA, Colica nephretica.
  NEPIIRODES, Nephroid.
  NEPHRODIUM FILIX  MAS, Polypodium
filix mas.
  NEPHROGRAPHY, from vttjrpos, 'a kidney.'
and ypatpn, 'a description.'  An anatomical  de-
scription of the kidney.
  NEPHROHjE'MIA, from vetppos,  ' kidney,'and
'ai/ia, ' blood.'  Hyperaemia or congestion of the
kidney.
  NEPH'ROID, NephroVdes, Nephro'des,  Reni-
form'is, from vcippos, 'kidney,' and tiSos, 'form, 
NEPHROLITHIASIS         6 2 6               NERONIANA
resemblance.'  Reniform.  Having a resemblance
to a kidney — as 'nephroid cancer,' so called be-
cause the morbid growth resembles the kidney in
structure.
   NEPHROLITHI'ASIS,  from  veippos, 'a kid-
bey,'  and XiOos, ' a stone.'  The disease of calculus
in the kidney;  Lith'ia rena'lis, Lithiasis nephril-
ica, L. Rena'lis.  See Gravel.
   NEPHROLITHTC, same etymon.  Belonging
to calculi in  the kidneys.   This epithet has been
applied to ischuria, occasioned by calculi formed
in the kidneys.
   NEPHRO-LITHOTOMY", Nephrotomy.
   NEPHROL'OGY,  Nephrolog"ia, from  vetppos,
' kidney,' and  Xoyos,  ' a  treatise.'  A  treatise on
the kidneys.  Dissertation on the kidneys  and
their functions.
   NEPHROMALA'CIA,  from vetppos,  'kidney,'
and  paXaKia,  'softness.'  Softening of the  kid-
ney.
   NEPIIROMETR.E, Psoae.
   NEPHRON'CUS,  Tumor rena'lis, from vetppos,
 ' kidney,' and  oynos,  ' a  tumour.'   A tumefaction
 of the kidney.
   NEPHROPHLEGMATTC, Nephro-phlegmal-
 icus,  from ye-jpos, ' kidney,' and tpXtypa, tpXeyparos,
 'phlegm.'  A  name  given, by some  authors,  to
 ischuria  produced by mucus contained  in the
 urine.
   NEPHROPHLEGMONE, Nephritis.
   NEPHROPHTHISIS,  from vetppos,  'kidney,'
 and tpQictts, 'consumption.'   Phthisis from suppu-
 ration of the kidney.
   NEPHROPLETHORTC, Ncphro-plethor'icus,
 from vetppos, 'a kidney,'and irXnSarpa, 'plethora.'
 Belonging to  plethora  of  the kidneys.  An epi-
 thet  given to ischuria dependent upon this cause.
   NEPHROPY'TC,  Nephro-pry''icus,  from  vetppos,
 'a kidney,'and nvov, 'pus.'  Belonging to  sup-
 puration of  the kidney.
   NEPHROPYOSIS,  Nephrapostasis,  Nephrel-
 cosis.
   NEPHRORRHAG'TA,  Hamatu'ria rena'lis,
 Hamorrhag"ia renum, from veippos, 'kidney,' and
 payn, 'rupture;' Profiu'vinm san'guinise re'nibus.
 Hemorrhage from the kidney.
   NEPHROS, Kidney.
   NEPHROSCLE'RIA,  from vetppos,  'kidney,'
 and  asXnpta, 'hardness;' Indura'tio renum.  In-
 duration of the kidneys.
   NEPHROSPAS'TIC,  Ncphrospas'ticus,  from
 vetppos, 'a kidney,'  and a-rraur, 'I draw.'    That
 which depends upon spasm of the kidney.   An
 epithet given  to a variety  of ischuria.
   NEPIIROTHROM'BOID,  Nephro-thromboV'-
 des,  from vetppos, 'a kidney,' and ^poujios, 'a  clot.'
 That which depends upon clots  of  blood,  con-
 tained in the  kidneys or their ducts.  An epithet
 for a species of ischuria.
   NEPHROTOMY, Nephro-litholomy, Nephro-
  tomy ia, Nephro-lithotom'ia, Sectio rena'lis, S. re-
 in's,  from vetppos, 'a  kidney,' and repveiv, 'to cut.'
  Dissection of the kidney.  Also, an operation pro-
  posed with  the view of extracting calculi formed
  in the kidney, by means  of an incision into the
  tissue of that organ.
   NEPHRUS, Kidney.
   NEPIOS, Infans.
   NEPIOTES, Infancy.
   NEPTA, Asphaltum.
   NERA, Toddy.
   NERANTIA, see Citrus aurantium.
  NERE. Kidney.
  NERF, Nerve—n.  Circonfic-c, Axillary nervo
—n. Dentaire, Dental  nerve—it. Fessier, Gluteal
nerve — n.  Glosso-pharyngien,  Pharyngo-glossal
nerve — n.  Gustatif. see Lingual nerve — n. Gits-
tatifi iunomini, Trigemini—n. Guttural, Palatine
(middle)  nerve — n.   Uutturo-pulatin,  Palatine
nerve—n. Honteux, Pudic nerve—n. Iden, Ciliary
nerve—n. Ischio-clitorien, Pudic nerve—11. Ischio-
penien, Pudic nerve—n. Labyrinthique, Auditory
nerve—?i. 3Ientonnier, Mental nerve — ?i.  3lateitr
oculaire externe, Motor oculi externus—?i. Oeulo-
musculaire externe, Motor  oculi   externus—»,
Ociilo-nntsculaire  interne,  Patheticus  nervus__
>». Pathitique, Patheticus  nervus — n. Pironih-e
branche, Popliteal nerve, external—n. Pharyngo-
glossien, Pharyngo-glossal  nerve—n. Pneumogns.
trique, Pneumogastric nerve—n. Premiere poire
trachilienne, Occipital nerve—n. Pritibio-digital,
Musculo-cutaneous nerve, see Popliteal nerve—?i,
Pritibio-susphalangitaire,  see Popliteal nerve__
n. Pretibio susplaiitaire, Tibial nerve, anterior —
n.  Radio-digital,  Radial   nerve — n. Seiatique
grand,  Sciatic  nerve,  great — ?i. Seiatique petit,
Sciatic nerve, lesser-—n. Seiatique poplite externe,
Musculo-cutaneous nerve—n. Sous-occipital, Oc-
cipital  nerve — n. Sous-pubio-fimoral, Obturator
nerve—ji. Spino-cranio-trapizien, Spinal nerve—
11. Susinaxillaire, Maxillary superior nerve — n.
Suspiibien,  Supra-pubian  nerve — n.  Sympntlti-
que, Trisplanchnic nerve—n. grand Sympathitpie,
Trisplanchnic nerve—?i. Tibiale branche, Popli-
teal internal — n.  Tracheal, Laryngeal  inferior
nerve—n. Trachilo-dorsal, Spinal nerve—n. Tri-
jumeau, Trigemini—?i. d Trois cordes, Trigemini
— n. Tympanique, Chorda tympani — ?i. Vague,
Pneumogastric  nerve—n.  Vertebro-digitul, Mus-
culo-cutaneous  nerve.
  NERFS BRONCHIQUES, Bronchial nerves
—?i. Ciliaires,  Ciliary nerves—n. Craniens, Cere-
bral nerves — n. 3Ioteurs oculaires  communs, Mo-
tores oculorum—n. Rachidiens, Vertebral nerves
—». Sacris,  Sacral nerves  — if. Sous-costtrles, In-
tercostal nerves.
  NERION, Nerium oleander.
  NERIS, MINERAL WATERS  OF.  N6ris is
on  the high  road from Moulins to Limoges, eighty
leagues from Paris.   There are four springs, the
water of which is  clear, inodorous, tasteless, and
has an unctuous feel.   It  contains carbonic acid
gas, carbonate  of  soda, and sulphate  of soda,
chloride of sodium, silex, and an animal matter to
which its 'oleaginous'property is probably owing.
The  waters  are generally used  in the  form of
thermal baths.
  NE'RIUM, from vinpos, 'humid,'because grow-
ing in moist places.  N. oleander.
   Ne'rium Antidysenter'igum, Wright'ia anti-
dysenter'ica. The  tree which affords the Cortagri'-
 pala Bark, Cones'si  cortex, Tillichcr'ry  cortex,
 Cortex profln'vii.  Family, Apocynese. Sex. Sy*t.
 Pentandria Monogynia. (F.)Codagapttle, Cropale.
 The bark of this Malabar tree is of a black colour,
 externally, and is  generally covered with a white
 moss or scurf.   It has an austere, bitter tasle, and
 has been recommended as an astringent in diar-
 rhoea, dysentery, Ac.
   Ne'rium  Olean'der, Ne'rium, Rliodoilapllriin,
 Rosa'go, (F.)  Laurier rose, Lanrosc,  Nerion,
 Rosage, Rhododaphni. The leaves are reputed
 to  be narcotic.   The  infusion is employed inter-
 nally, in herpetic affections, and the powder, in-
 corporated with lard, is used in the itch.
    NERONIA'NA seu NERO'NICA (PHLEBO-
 TOM'IA.)  An epithet given, for some cause, to
 phlebotomy, when more than one vein was opened 
NERPR UN PURGA TIF
627
XERVr.u
on the same day, or to bleeding coup stir coup.
Termed  Neroniana,  because  the  philosopher
Seneca was bled to death under Nero [?].
  Xh'ltPRUX PURGATIF, Rhamnus.
  NERVE, Nervus,  Neuron, vevpov, 'a  string.'
(F.) Nerf.   Neuron and Nervus meant also, with
the ancients,  a  tendon and a ligament,  Partes
nervo'sa ; and hence the different acceptations of
'nervous;' — 'a man of nerve—a strong, ?ier?;ot(8
man; and  a weak, nervous  woman.'   The  nerves
are tubular cords of  the same substance as that
which composes the encephalon and spinal mar-
row.   They extend from one or other of the ner-
vous  centres to  every part of  the body, commu-
nicating, frequently, with   each  other; forming
 plexuses, and,  occasionally, ganglions; and being,
at  length,  lost in  the  parenchyma of organs.
 There are  42 pairs, and, according to their origin,
 they  are termed Cranial or Encephalic, and Spi-
 nal.  Each nerve is composed of several filaments
 or cords placed  alongside  each other, and is sur-
 rounded by  a  neurilemma.    The  encephalic
 nerves,  in  general,  have  only  one root in the
 brain, whilst the spinal arise from the marrow by
 two roots:  the one from an anterior fasciculus of
 filaments,  the other from  a posterior, separated
 from each  other by the Ligamentum denticulatum ;
 uniting outside this ligament, and presenting, near
 the intervertebral  foramen,  a ganglion  formed
 only by the posterior root.   The two roots make,
afterwards, but one nerve; and, like the encepha-
lic  nerves, proceed  to  their  destination, subdi-
viding into rami and  ramusculi, until they are
finally lost in the  texture  of the organs.  The
trunks  first formed are  commonly round, and
proceed  alone, or accompany the  great  vessels,
being placed in the areolar spaces which separate
the organs, and  are  thus  protected from  injury.
Their manner of termination we are not acquainted
with ;  whether the  nervous pulp, for instance, as
is more  probably the fact,  be distributed or lost
in a membrane,  as seems to be the case with the
nerves  of sight, hearing,  and  smell, — or are
looped.   Certain it  is, that there is considerable
difference in the organs, as  respect* the quantity
of  nerves that terminate in them ; and the par-
ticular  arrangement of the nervous extremities.
Some organs have numerous nerves ; others seem
to  have  none:  a  circumstance which influences
considerably the sensibility of parts.
   The Encephalic  Nerves arise  from  the ence-
phalon,  or are inserted  into it;  (according as  we
consider the brain the origin or termination ofthe
nerves ;) and make their exit by foramina at the
base ofthe skull.   They are 12 in number.  The
spinal nerves  are 31 in  number, 8 cervical, 12
dorsal, 5 lumbar, and 6 sacral:  the four inferior
cervical  being  much  larger  than  the  superior,
because they furnish the nerves  of the upper ex-
tremities.
SYNOPTICAL TABLE OF THE NERVES.
1. Olfactory ...
    (1st pair.)
I.  Cranial or Encephalic Nerves.
                 R. Abilucentes ...
                     dith pair.)
2. Optic......
    (■2d pair.)
Divided into  internal, cxtcr
  nal,  and middle hraiichi's
  which are distributed on tin
  Schneiderian membrane.

Terminate in the retina.
Motorcs Oculorum.
  (3d pair.)
                   ' Superior Branch. To the rectus
                     superior oculi  and levator
                     palpi-brte superioris.
                    Inferior Branch. To thprcr'-is
                     internus. rectus inferior and
                     lesser oblique  muscles;  a
                     filament which goes to ilii
                     ophthalmic ganglion.
4. Patlietici.........j To the greater oblique muscle
    (4th pair.)       j  of the eye.
                   'Ophthalmic Branch.   Divided
                     into three branches.  1. 'flip
                     lachrymal branch, to the la-
                     chiymal gland  and upper
                     eye-lid.  2.  Frontnl branch.
                     to the  forehead and upper
                     eyelid.  3.  .Vasal branch,  to
                     the eyelids, nasal fossa;, and
                     nose.
                    Superior  Maxillary   Branch.
                     1. The orbitar branch, to the
                     orbit.  2. The posterior and
                     superior dental,  to  the last
                     three molar teeth and gums
                     3. The anterior dental,  to
                     the incisor, canine, and two
                     lesser molares   4  Infra-
                     orbital to  the  upper lip
                     cheek, and nose.
                    Inferior J\luciliary Branoh.  1.
                     Temporal profound branches,
                     to the temporal  muscle.  2.
                     Miisscteririe branch, to the
                     masseter muscle 3. Buccal.
                     to the inner surface of the
                     Cheek.  4.  Pterygoid. to I  lie
                     internal pterygoid  muscle.
                     5. Lingual,  to  the  mucous
                     membrane of  the  tongue
                     6.  Inferior  dental, to the
                     teeth of the lower jaw. and
                     to the lower li|>   7. Auri-
                     cular branch, to the pavilion
                     of the ear and forehead.
I 5. I mr Trigcminum.
     <5th pair.)
7.  Facial...........
(Portio dura  of  the
  7tli pair.)
9. Auditory ........(
(Portio mollis of the-
  7th pair.)
!). Olosso-pharyngenl.,
(Portion  of the  Sih.
  pair.)            i
10. Par Vagum.
    (8th pair.)
11. Spinal or Acces-
  sory of Willis.....
12. Hypoglossal.
    (9th pair.)
j To the rectus externus oculi.
(1.  At  its exit from  the cra-
I   nium, the posterior auricu-
|   lar,  stylohyoid,  and  infra-
I   mastoid, to the  pavilion  ol
   the ear, the mastoid process,
   the digasi ricus. and the mus-
   cles attached to the styloid
   process.
 2.  Near the parotid gland, the
   temporal, m-tlar, buccal, su-
   pramaxillury,   and  infra
   inaxil/ury  to the whole su-
   perficies of the face.
 To the vestibule, semi circular
   canals, and cochlea.

 To the base of the tongue and
   pharynx.
 1.  IJV  THE NECK, —a pha-
   ryngeal branch  to the pha-
   rynx;  superior  laryngeal
   branch to the larynx, and to
   some muscles of  the infe-
   rior  hyoid region.  Cardiac
   branches  to  the  cardiac
   plexus.
 2.  IN  THE CHEST.-The in-
  ferior 'iryiigealbranch tothe
   larynx ~-ulmonary branches.
   which  fouu the plexus of
   the same name: esophageal
   branches to the  oesophagus.
 3  IN  THE ABDOMEN -
   gastric branches to the pa
   rietes of the stomach : fila-
   ments which go to tbe neigh-
   bouring plexuses.
 At its exit from the cranium—
   the accessory of  the pneumo
   gastric nerre anastomosing
   with  this  nerve.   In  the
   neck — filaments lo the tras
   pezius muscles.
 Cervicalis descendens,  to  the
   muscles ofthe inferior hvei.l
   region, and to the cervical
   nerves.   Filaments  to  the
   muscles of the tongue. 
NERVES
628
NERVES
II. Spinal  or Vertebral Nerves.
Cervical Plexus.
               1. Cervical Nerves.

                     (Anterior Branch.   Anastomo-
lst Cervical Pair.......-i   sing par  arcade with  the
                     (^  second pair.
                      (Anterior Branch.   A branch
                        anastomosing with the first
                        pair: a  branch which goes
                        to the cervical plexus.
3d  and  4th  Cervical t Anterior Branch.   Concurring
  Pairs................... (  in the cervical plexus.
The Posterior Branch of these four pairs ramifies on
  the occiput and muscles of the superficial and deep-
  seated  cervieo-occipital regions.
                      Descending Branches. — 1. 7??-
                        ternal   descending,  anasto-
                        mosing  with a  branch of
                        the hypoglossus.  2. Plirenic
                        branch,  to  the  diaphragm.
                        3. External descending bran-
                        ches,  dividing into   supra-
                        clavicular,   supra-acromial.
                        infra-clavicular,  and  cervi-
                        cales profundi, to the mus-
                        cles and integuments  of  the
                        upper part of tbe chest  and
                        shoulder, to the  trapezius,
                        levator  scapulae, rhomboid-
                        eus, &c.
                      Asckn'mn'o Branches.—1. Mas-
                        toid,  to the  posterior  and
                        lateral  part of the  head and
                        the inner surface of the pa-
                        vilion of the ear.  2. Auricu-
                        lar, to the parotid gland and
                        pavilion of the ear.
                      Superficial  Cervical Branches.
                        (2.) To  the platysma  myoi-
                        des, digastricus,  the integu-
                        ments of the neck,  Ac.
                      Anterior  Branches.  Assisting
                        in the formation of the  bra-
                        chial plexus.
 5th, Wi,  and 1th Cer-, Posterior   Branches.   To   the
                        muscles  and  integuments
                        of the  posterior  part  of the
                        neck and upper  part  of  the
                        back.
                      1.  Thoracic  Branches,  (2.)  to
                        the  anterior  and   lateral
                        parts of the chest.  2.  Supra-
                        scapulary branch to the mus-
                        cles ofthe posterior scapular
                        region.   3.  Infra-scupulary
                         branches (3.) to the subsca-
                         pulars, teres  major, teres
                         minor,  and latissimus dorsi.
                        4. The brachial  interna cu-
                        taneous, to  the integuments
                        of the  palmar  and  dorsal
                         surfaces of the forearm, near
                         the  ulnar  margin.   5. The
                         brachial external cutaneous.
                         principally  to  tbe  integu-
                         ments  of the palmar  and
                         dorsal  surfaces of  the fore-
                        arm, near the radial margin.
                         6. The  median nerve,  to  the
                        forearm, hand, and  palmar
                         surface  of all  the fingers.
                         7. The  cubital nerve,  to  the
                         last two fingers.  8. The ra-
                         dial, to the  first  three.  9.
                         The  axillary,  around   the
                         shoulder-joint,  and  to  the
                         neighbouring muscles.

       2. Dorsal Nerves, (Nervi dorsales.)

                                         To the bra-
vical Pairs.
Brachial Plexus..
1st Dorsal Pair,
                      Anterior Branch
                        chial plexus.
2d  and   3d  Dorsal f Anterior Brandies.  An inter-
  Pairs...................\   costal and brachial branch.
                      Anterior  Branches.   Internal
                        branches, to the iutercostals,
                        triangularis   sterni.  pecto-
                        ralis major, and  to the skin.
                        External  branches   to  the
ith, 5th, 6th, and 1th
  Dorsal Pairs.........
ith, 5th, 6th, and 1th
  Dorsal Pairs.........
Hth,  9th,  10th, and
  11th Dorsal Pairs...
                        integuments of the chest, the
                        obliquus externus abdomi-
                        nis, and the skin of the ab-
                        domen.
                     ' Anterior  Branches.   Internal
                        branches,  to the  transver-
                        salis, obliquus internus, and
                        rectus  muscles,  and to the
                        skin of the  abdomen.  Es-
                        ternal  branches, to  the in-
                        teguments  of the chest, and
                        to the  muscles and skin of
                        the abdomen.
                      Anterior  Branch.   To the first
                        lumbar nerve,  and to the
                        muscles and  skin of the ab-
                        domen  as  far as  the  iliac
                        crest.
The Posterior Branches of the dorsal nerves are dis-
  tributed to  the muscles and integuments of the
  back and loius.

               3. Lumbar Nerves.

1st, 2d, 3d. and 4thj Ant.eriort  Branches   Concur-
  Lumbar Pairs.......j  ^8^  form  the  lumbur
12th Dorsal Pair..
5th Pair.
Lumbar Plexus..
                    i Anterior Branch.   Aiding in
                    X   forming the sciatic plexus.
The Posterior Branches of the lumbar nerves arc dis-
  tributed to the loins, sacrum, and nates.
                      1. Musculo-cutaneous Branches,
                        to the number of three.  One
                        superior, to the muscles of
                        the abdomen, to the fold of
                        the groin, and the scrotum :
                        a middle, to the integuments
                        and muscles ofthe abdomen :
                        and an inferior, to the skin
                        of the thigh.  2.  A genito-
                        crural branch to the integu-
                        ments of the scrotum, the
                        groin, and the thigh. 3. The
                        crural nerve, to the integu-
                        ments and  muscles of the
                        thigh, skin  of the leg, and
                        foot.  4. The obturator nerve,
                        to the muscles at  the inner
                        part of the  thigh.  5.  Tbe
                        lumbosacral, to the sciatic
                        plexus,   ft gives off the.glu-
                        teal  nerve  to  the glutasi
                        muscles.

                4. Sacral Nerves.

i i  nj oj     j  ah  (Anterior Branches.  They form
1st, 2d 3d, and  4th J   ,    hd     ion ^  ^
  Sacral Pairs.........j  pfexus

                     (Anterior Branches.   To  the
hth and 6th Pairs......<   parts  in  the vicinity of the
                     |_  coccyx.
The Posterior Branches  ramify on the  muscles  and
  integuments of the nates.
                      1. Hemorrhoidal nerves, to the
                        rectum.   2.  Vesical, to the
                        bladder.   3. Vterine and va-
                        ginal,  to the  vagina  and
                        uterus.   4.  Inferior gluteal,
                        to the gluteal muscles, peri-
                        naeum, and integuments of
                        the  posterior  part of the
                        thigh. 5. Ptdic, to the pe-
                        rinaeum, penis, or vulva.  6.
                        Sciatic, divided  into the ex-
                        ternal pnplittriil, which  rami-
                        fies on the integuments and
                        muscles of the external side
                        of the leg. on the dorsum of
                        the foot, and the dorsal sur-
                        face of the  toes:  and  into
                        the internal  popliteal, distri-
                        buted on the dorsal surface
                        of the two  last tncs, to the
                        muscles of the foot, and on
                        the  plantar surface of all
                        the toes.
Sciatic Plexus.. 
NERVES
G29
NERVES
  Classifications of the nerves have been recom-
mended according to their uses, in preference to
the ordinary anatomical  arrangement.  It has
been remarked  that  the encephalic nerves have
generally  one  root;  the  spinal  two.   Experi-
ments  and  pathological   facts  have   proved,
that the anterior column of the marrow  and  the
anterior roots of the spinal nerves are inservient
to volition or voluntary  motion : and  that  the
posterior  column  and  roots  are  destined  for
sensibility.  Hence the spinal nerves, which have
two roots, must be the conductors both of motion
and feeling; whilst  the encephalic, which, with
but few exceptions, have but one, can  possess but
one of these properties :—they must be either sen-
sitive or motor,  according  as they arise  from the
posterior  or anterior  column  of  the medulla:
nnd, consequently, three classes of nerves may be
distinguished.

                  f Arising,  by  a single root,
.   n             J   from the posterior column
  .  ensorj..........<   ^ ^g  meiiui]a oblongata
                  [   or spinal marrow.
                 (Arising,  by a single root,
2. Motor............<   frora  the anterior column
                 (   of the same parts.
9C,            , ( Which have two roots :  one
3. Sensory  and     t    ,,     .  .      ,
     ,,    .       <   from the anterior, and one
                 (_  from the posterior column.

   According to Sir Charles Bell, the medulla ob-
longata is  composed  of three  columns  on each
side; an  anterior,  a  middle,  and  a posterior.
Whilst the anterior  and  posterior  columns pro-
duce the nerves of motion and sensation respec-
tively, the  middle,  according to Sir  Charles,
gives rise  to a third set of nerves — the  respira-
tory.  To  this order belong:—

1. The accessory nerve  of Willis,  or   superior
    respiratory.
2. The par vagum.
II. The glosso-pharyngeal.
■1. The facial or respiratory of the face.
5. The phrenic.
8. A  nerve  which has the  same  origin  as  the
    phrenic;—the external respiratory.

   When a horse has been hard-ridden, every  one
of these nerves is in action.
   This division is now, however, generally aban-
doned, and  there does not seem  to be a third
column, especially destined for respiration.
   Sir C.  Bell,  again, reduced  the  system  of
nerves to  two great classes.  1. Those that  are
regular, primitire, symmetrical, and common to
all animals, from the  worm to man ; which have
double roots, and preside over sensibility and
motion: and,  2. The irregular or superadded,
which are added to the preceding,  in proportion
us the organization of animals offers new or more
complicated organs.   To the first class belong all
the spinal nerves and at least one encephalic —
the 5th pair; — to  the second, the rest of the
nervous system.
  Dr. Marshall Hall has proposed a division of
the nervous system, which is calculated to ex-
plain many of the  anomalous circumstances so
frequently witnessed.  He proposes to divide all
the nerves into, 1.  The cerebral or the sentient
and voluntary.  2.  The true spinal or excito-mo-
tory.   3. The ganglionic  or  cyclo-ganglionic,—
the nutrient and secretory.  If the sentient and'
voluntary functions be destroyed by a blow upon
the head, the sphincter muscles will still contract
when irritated, because the irritation is  conveyed
to the spine, and the reflex action takes place to
the muscle so as to throw it into contraction. Bat
if  the  spinal  marrow  be now destroyed, the
sphincters  remain  entirely motionless, because
the centre of the system  is destroyed.   Dr. Hall
thinks that a peculiar set of nerves constitutes,with
the vesicular centre  of the marrow as their axis,
the second subdivision of the nervous system; and
as those of the first subdivision are distinguished
into sentient and voluntary, these may  be distin-
guished into the excitor and  motory.   The first,
or the excitor nerves, pursue their course princi-
pally from internal  surfaces, characterized  by pe-
culiar excitabilities,  to the centre of the medulla
oblongata and m. spinalis; the second, or the motor
nerves, pursue a reflex course from the medulla
to the muscles, having peculiar actions concerned
principally in ingestion and egestion.   The mo-
tions connected with the first or cerebral  subdi-
vision are  sometimes, indeed  frequently, sponta-
neous ;  those connected with  the true spinal are,
he  believes, alicays  excited. Dr. Hall thinks, too,
that there is good  reason for viewing  the fifth,
and posterior spinal  nerves  as  constituting an
external ganglionic system for the nutrition of
the external organs; and  he  proposes  to  divide
the ganglionic subdivision  of the nervous system
into, 1. The internal ganglionic, which includes
that usually denominated  the sympathetic, and
probably  filaments   of the  pneumogastric; and,
2. The external ganglionic, embracing the  fifth
and posterior spinal nerves.  To the cerebral sys-
tem he assigns  all  diseases of sensation, percep-
tion, judgment, and volition — therefore all pain-
ful,  mental,  and comatose, and some  paralytic
diseases.   To  the  true  spinal,  excito-motory,
reflex,  or diastaltic nervous  system, belong all
spasmodic  and  certain  paralytic  diseases.  He
properly adds, that these  two parts of the  ner-
vous  system influence each other both  in health
and disease, as they both influence the ganglio-
nic system.
  Tbe main views of Dr. Hall on the excito-mo-
tory function have been generally embraced.
  The following tabular view  of the arrangement
and connexions of the nerves and nervous centres
has been  given  by  Dr. Carpenter.  It affords a
good general view, although  some of the details
might admit of modification. 
NERVES                 630                 NERVES
                          Tabular View of the Nervous Centres.

                       f                Cerebral Ganglia,                 ")
Afferent  fibres   derived | tbe seat of the formation of Ideas, and the instrument   Afferent  fibres  derived
from Sensory Ganglia; ef- I ofthe Reasoning processes and Will; participating also I  from Sensory Ganglia; ef.
                     ' } with the Sensory Ganglia in the formation ofthe Emo- f ferent fibres  transmitted
                       I tions; and thus the original source of Voluntary and I  to motor centres.
                       [ Emotional movements.                             J
ferent fibres transmitted
to motor centres.
Afferent  fibres   derived *)
from posterior column of |                 Cerebellic Ganhua,
spinal cord; efferent fibres )■ for harmonization of muscular actions; includi
transmitted into posterior       the ganglionic centre of the sexual sense (?)
column.                J
       f Afferent  fibres derived
       |  from posterior column of
ng also ^  spinal cord; efferent fibres
?).     I  transmitted  into motor
       I. column.
                                       Cranio-Spinal Axis,
                                           or centre of
                                        Automatic actions;
                                            including—
Radiating fibres to Cere- ")
bral Ganglia:—Nerves of                   Sensory  Ganglia,
Common and Special Sen- !  the seat of Sensation, and centre of Consensual tor in-
sation;__Motor   nerves f  stinctive) movements, or of Automatic actions involving
forming part of  general j  sensation.
motor system.
   Afferent
  and motor
   nerves of
 Respiration,
Deglutition, &c
   Afferent
  and motor
fibres, forming
  Trunks of
Bpinal Nerves.
f Radiating
|  hral Gan
J  Common
)  Ration; -
I  forming
[ motor system.
 fibres  to Cere-
 i:i;—Nerves of
 ii'l Siiccial Sen-
 Motor  nerviy
part of general
	Respiratory and	con-Cord ;lia.	
O-g-o	Stomato-Gastrio	.-72 a	
?W m	Ganglia,	£ c a	Afferent
C ;*	forming the true	t'Z-Z	and motor
	centres of the	£™ C	nerves of
r-iz.. 3	Medulla Oblongata;	"'1 §	Respiration,
^ll	instruments of Reflex	5M.3	Deglutition, Ac
s £.-"	movements or automa-	c-S^	
t?s	tic actions independent of	-S £ g	
i pa?	sensation.	h fl	
      Spinal
   Ganglion, or
 True. Spinal Cord,
  consisting of a
 coalesced series of
 segmental ganglia,
    the instru-
  ments of Keflex
 operations, or Au-
 tomatic actions in-
dependent of Sensa-
      tion.
m ' :' iS- cj	Afferent and motor
A *> ? £ To	fibreH, forming
Sg"So §	Trunks of
",2.3 O	Spinal Nervea.
3-a §S u	
o " 3 g	
U. .7. f r^ta
  The nerves are sheathed, and are united to the
neighbouring parts, by an abundant layer of fatty
areolar texture, which sends, inwards, prolonga-
tions that separate the nervous  cords  and fila-
ments from each  other.   The  arterial trunks,
distributed to them, transmit branches into their
interior.  The veins follow the  same course as
the  arteries.   Absorbents  are not easily  traced
even on the greatest trunks.
  Nerve, Accessory, op  Willis, Spinal nerve
— n. Articular, Axillary nerve — n.  Buccinator,
Buccal nerve.
  Nerve Cells, see Neurine — n. of Cotunnius,
Nasopalatine nerve.
  Nerve, Femoral  Cutaneous, see Genito-cru-
rai nerve — n.  Femoro-popliteal, lesser, Sciatic
nerve, lesser.
  Nerve  Fibres, Fila ner'vea, Fibra ner'vece.
In the nerves of the higher animals, two forms of
nerve fibre exist—the tubular, and the gelatinous.
In  the minute  fibrils or tubules,  Tu'buli ner'vei,
full of nervous matter, which constitute the former,
there is a difference between the  central and  pe-
ripheral portion :—the former has been  called the
axis cylinder and primitive band; the latter, the
medullary or white substance of Schwann,—being
that to which the  peculiarly white aspect of ce-
rebrospinal  nerves is principally due.  In  the
gelatinous fibre, no tubular envelope can  be dis-
tinguished, and the white  substance  of  Schwann
seems to be wanting.  It contains numerous cell-
nuclei.  See Neurine.
  Nerve, Genital, see Genito-crural nerve—n.
Genito-crural, see Genito-crural nerve — n. Glu-
teal of the Sacral plexus, Sciatic nerve, lesser—
n. Gustatory, Hypoglossal nerve — n. Inguinal,
internal, Genito-crural  nerve — n.  of Jacobson,
see Petrosal ganglion—n.  Lateral nasal, Spheno-
palatine nerve—n. Lingual, Hypoglossal nerve—
n. Naso-ocularis,  Nasal nerve — n. Naso-palpe-
bral, Nasal nerve—n. Orbito-frontal, Ophthalmic
nerve — n. Ocular,  Optic  nerve — n.  of Organic
life,  Trisplanchnic  nerve  — n. Palpebro-frontiil,
Frontal  nerve — n. Popliteal  internal,   Tibial
nerve, posterior.
  Nerve Power, Nervous power.
  Nerve,  Respiratory,  op  the  Face,  Facial
nerve—n. Respiratory, superior, Spinal nerve—n.
Scapulo-humeral, Axillary nerve—n. Scrotal, see
Genito-crural nerve—n. Spiral, Radial nerve—n.
Spiral, muscular, Radial nerve—n.  Sub-occipital,
Occipital  nerve — n.  Sub-pubian,  Genito-crund
nerve—n. Superficial temporal, Auricular nerve—
n. Sympathetic, Trisplanchnic nerve—n.Temporal
cutaneous, Auricular nerve — n. Ulnar, Cubital
nerve—n. Vidian,  Pterygoid nerve—n. of Wris-
berg, see  Cutaneous nerves — n. Zygoraato-aun-
culnr,  Auricular nerve.
   NERVES, COSTAL, Intercostal nerves — n.
Dorsal, Intercostal nerves — n. Eighth pair of,
Pneumogastric — n. Encephalic, first pair, Olfac-
tory nerves—n. Encephalic, eleventh pair,  Spinal
nerves—n. Ethmoidal, Olfactory nerves—n. Fifth
pair, Trigemini—n. Fourth pair of, Patheticus  ner- 
NERVEUX
631
NEURALGIA
vus—n.Tn frn.-orbit,ir,Sub-orbitnr nerves—n.Ninth
pair of, Hypoglossal  nerve—n. Oculo-musculnr,
common, Mo tores  oculorum — n. Phrenic, Dia-
phragmatic nerves—n. B(-current, Laryngeal infe-
rior nerves—n. Sixth  pair of, Motor oculi externus
— n. Spinal, Vertebral nerves — n. Tenth pair of,
Pneiiniogastric--n.Third pair of.Motores oculorum.
  NEltYEUX. Nervous.
  NERVI  ACROMIALES, Acromial nerves —
n. Anonynii,  Innominati  nervi—n.  Claviculares,
Clavicular nerves—n. Cutanei clunium inferiores,
pee Sciatic  nerve, lesser — n. Divisi,  Trigemini —
n. Kntobaenontes, Afferent nerves—n. Gustatorii,
Trigemini.
   Nervi Molles.   'Soft nerves.'  The anterior
branches of the superior cervical ganglion of the
great sympathetic, which  accompany the carotid
artery and  its branches, around which they form
intricate plexuses, and,  here and  there, small
ganglia.  They are called molles from their soft-
ness, and subru'fi, from their reddish hue.
   Nervi Odoratorii,  Olfactory nerves — n. Re-
vcrsivi, Laryngeal inferior  nerves —n. Subrufi,
 Nervi molles—n. Vulneratio, Neurotrosis.
   NERVIMO'TION, Nervimo'tio,  from nervus,
 'nerve,' and  motio, 'motion.'  A name given, by
 M. Dutrochet, to the movement which is caused
 in the organs of the senses by external agents,
 and transmitted to the muscles by the nerves.
   NERVIMO'TOR,  (F.)  Nerdinotcur.  An  epi-
 thet given, by M. Dutrochet, to external agents,
 which are capable  of causing nervimotion.
   NERVINE, Nerd'nus, Neurot'ic,  Neurit'ic,
 Antineurotic,  Antineuroj)tith'ic, (F.) Nerrotique,
 from nervus, 'a  nerve.'   A  medicine which acts
 on the nervous system.
   NERVOUS, Nervo'sue, Neuro'des, Ner'vcus,
 Xnt'ricus,  (F.)  Nerveux.  Same etymon.  Re-
 lating or belonging to the  nerves.  Strong.  Also,
 weak, irritable.
   Nervous Attack, (F.)  Attaque des nerfs, is an
 affection accompanied with spasm, pain, and dif-
 ferent nervous symptoms, to which  impressible
 individuals are liable.
   Nkrvous Centres, see  Centres, nervous.
   Nervoi's Diatu'esis is termed Atax'ia spiri-
 tiiuin, Anoina'lia nervo'rum, Status  nervo'sus seu
 erethit'icus, Diath'esis  seu Constitu'tio  nervo'sa,
 Xer'vousness.  Medically, nervousness means unu-
 sual impressibility  of the  nervous system.  For-
 merly,  it signified strength, force,  and vigour.
 Recently, it has  been applied to  a  hypochondri-
 acal condition verging upon insanity, occasion-
 ally occurring in those in whom the brain has
 been unduly  tasked; — a condition  termed  by
 some ccrebrop'athy;  by others, brain-fag.
   Nkrvous Diseases, 3Iorbi nen-o'si, (F.) Ma-
 ladies net-reuses.   Affections seated in  the ner-
 vous system.  To  purely functional disease of
 the  nerves, Dr. Laycock has  given the name
 neitrtE'mia, and to the class of diseases he applies
 the epithet neurce'niic.
   Nervous Fluid, Nervous principle, Flu'idum
 seu Liq'uidnm nei-'veum, Succns nerveus, Spir'itus
 vita'lis.  The fluid which  is supposed to circulate
through the nerves, and which has been regarded
ns the agent  of sensation and motion.  Of this
fluid we  know nothing, except that it resembles,
in  many respects, the electric or  galvanic.   It
was formerly called Animal spirits,  Spir'itus ani-
ma'les, (V.) E*prlts iniimaux.
   Nervous Pain,  Neuralgia.
   Nervous Power, Nerve -power.  Vis nervo'sa
seu  nervo'rum, Neurodi/na'mia, Ncnrody'namis.
The power  at the nerves  as exhibited in the liv-
ing organism.
  Nkrvoi s Principle. Nervous fluid.
  Nkiivois System.   The  nerves  and nervous
centres considered  collectively.   See Nerves.     i
  Nervots System of  the Automatic  Func-
tions,  Tri.-planehnic nerve — n. Systera, gangli-
onic, see  Trisplanchnic  nerve — n.  Sj'stem, or-
ganic, see Trisplanchnic nerve—n. System of the
senses, Medulla oblongata — n. System of volun-
tary motion, &c..  Medulla spinalis.
  NERVOUSNESS, Nervous diathesis.
  NERVUS, see  Nerve, Penis—n. Acusticus,
Auditory nerve—n. Anibulatorius, Pneumogastric
nerve—n. Anonymus,  Trigemini—n. Auditor'us,
Auditory nerve—n. Caroticus, Carotid nerve—r..
Cervico-facialis,  Cervico-facial  nerve — n.  Com-
municans faciei, Facial nerve—n. Cutaneus inter-
nus, see Saphenous nerves—n. Cutaneus internus
longus, see Saphenous nerves—n. Decimus, Pneu-
mogastric—n. Ganglionicus, Trisplanchnic nerve
—n. Genito-cruralis, Genito-crural nerve—n. Hy-
poglossus,  Hypoglossus.
  Nervus Ihipar.  A  prolongation of the neuri-
lemma below  the lower  extremity of the spinal
cord, as a fibrous filament, which is inserted into
the base of the coccyx.  It was formerly regarded
as a nerve :—hence its name.
  Nervus Incisivus, Incisive nerve — n.  Inno-
minatus, Trigemini—n. Ischiadicus, Sciatic nerve
—n. Juvenilis, Penis—n. Latus, Achillis tendo—
n. Lingualis lateralis, Pharyngo-glossal nerve —
n. Lingualis Pedius, Hypoglossal nerve — n. Lo-
quens, Hypoglossus — n. Lumbo-inguinalis,  Ge-
nito-crural  nerve — n.  Mixtus,  Trigemini—n.
Miisculi pterygoidei, Pterygoid nerve — n.  Naso-
ciliaris, Nasal nerve — n. Opticus, Optic nerve —
n. Pneumogastrieus, Pneumogastric — n. Pudcn-
dus externus,  see Genito-crural nerve-—n.  Quin-
tus, Trigemini—n. Spermaticus, see Genito-crural
nerve—n. Subcutaneus malae, Orbitar  nerve—n.
Sympathetica medius, Trigemini, Pneumogastric
nerve — n. Sympatheticus magnus, Trisplanchnic
nerve — n. Sympatheticus minor, Facial nerve—
n. Sympathicus, Trisplanchnic nerve—n. Sympa-
thies medius, Trigemini — n. Temporo-facialis,
Temporo-facial nerve — n. Timidus, Motor  oculi
externus — n. Tremellus,  Trigemini — n.  Tris-
planchnicus, Trisplanchnic nerve—n. Trochlearis,
Patheticus  nervus — n.  Vagus,  Pneumogastric
nerve — n. Vagus cum accessorio, Spinal  nerve
—n. Vaso-motorius, Trisplanchnic nerve.
  NES, Nasus.
  NESPITE, Melissa  calamintha.
  NESTIA, Jejunum.
  NESTIATRIA, Limotherapeia.
  NESTIS, Jejunum.
  NESTITHERAPEIA, Limotherapeia.
  NESTOTHERAPEIA, Limotherapeia.
  NESTROOT,  Monotropa uniflora.
  NETLEAF, Goodyera pubescens.
  NETTING, Urine.
  NETTLE, ARCHANGEL, WHITE, Lamium
album—n. Day, Lamium album — n. Dead, La-
mium  album, L. amplexicaule—n. Dwarf, Urtica
urens—n. Hedge, Galeopsis—n. Horse, Solanum
Carolinense—n. Pill-bearing, Urticaria pilulifera.
  Nettle Rash, Uiticaria—n. Springe, Urticaria.
  Nettle, Stinging,  Common, Urtica.
  Nettle Tree, Celtis occidentalis.
  NETWORT, Goodyera pubescens.
  NEURADYNAMIA, Neurasthenia.
  NEUR^EMIA, see Nervous diseases.
  NEURiEMIC, see Nervous diseases.
  NEURAL; from  vevpov,  'a  nerve.'   Relating
to a nerve or to  the nervous system.
  Neural Arch.  The  arch formed by the pos-
terior projections connected with the body ofthe
vertebra,  which protect the medulla.
  Neural Axis, see Encephalon — n.  Spines,
Spinous processes.
  NEURAL'GIA,  from  vevpov,  'a  nerve,'  and
a\yo<,  'pain.'  Rheumatis'mus spu'rius nervo'sus,
Neurodynia,  (F.) Nevralgie, Nevrodynie,  Ner- 
NEURALGIA              03
      vous pain.  A generic name for a certain number
      of diseases, the chief symptom of which is a very
      acute pain, exacerbating or intermitting, which
      follows the course of a nervous branch, extends
      to its ramifications,  and seems, therefore, to  be
      seated in the  nerve.   The  principal neuralgiae
      have been distinguished by the  names facial (of
      which the infra-orbitar, maxillary, and frontal
      are but divisions)—the ilio-scrotul, femoro-popli-
i     teal, femoro-pretibial, plantar, and cubito-digital.
      A division of anomalous neuralgiae has likewise
      been admitted.
         All varieties of neuralgia are obstinate, and the
      greatest diversity of means has been made use
      of:—bleeding, general  and local, — emetics, pur-
      gatives, rubefacients,  vesicants, actual  cautery,
      narcotics,  mercurial frictions,  electricity;  de-
      struction of  a  portion of the nerve, Ac.  The
      most successful  remedy,  perhaps, is the carbo-
      nate of iron, given in  doses of some magnitude;
      as, for instance, ^ss or Qij, twice or thrice a day,
      in molasses.  This  plan of treatment, continued
      for  a  month or  two, will often  relieve, and
      ultimately remove this much dreaded affection.
       The mode in which it  acts is by no means clear;
      but it is almost as certain  as any other remedy
       used in disease in producing its  salutary effects.
       The bowels  must be kept free; and all inflam-
       matory symptoms removed during its adminis-
       tration.
         Neural'gia,  Anom'alous.  Under this  name
       Chaussier has included  different neuroses, some
       of which are characterized by acute pains circum-
       scribed within a short compass, or extending by
       irradiations, but not  having their  seat in  the
       course of a  nerve;  and  others which are occa-
       sioned by tumours  in the  course of a nerve, or
       which  succeed contusions or incomplete  divisions
       of nerves.
          Neuralgia  Brachialis, Brachialgia—n. Bra-
       chio-thoracica,  Angina  pectoris — n. Cerebralis,
       Hemicrania—n. Coeliaca, Neuralgia of  the solar
       plexus  (Romberg) —  n.  Cruralis,  N. femoro-ti-
       bialis.
          Neuralgia Cu'bito-Digitalis,  Is'chias ner-
       vo'sa digita'lis.   In this variety the pain extends
       from the part where the  nerve passes under the
       inner condyle to the back of the hand and to its
        cubital edge.
          Neuralgia Dentalis, Odontalgia nervosa.
          Neuralgia, Fa'cial,  Neuralgia fa'ciei, Tris-
        mus inaxilla'ris seu  Dolorif'icus  seu  Clon'icus,
        Opsial'gia,  Dolor cru'cians faciei  seu faciei pe-
        riod'icus,  Heinicra'nia  idiopath'ica,  Autal'gia
        doloro'sa, Tic douloureux, Dolor faciei sen faciei
        typ'ico charade're seu faciei Fothergill'i,  Rheu-
        matis'mus cancro'sus, Rheniatis'mits larra'tus. Pro-
        sopalgia, Prosopodyn'ia, Febris top'ica, Ophthal-
        modynia period'ica, Tortu'ra Oris, Affecttts spas-
        modico-convulsi'vus Labio'rum, Face ague, is cha-
        racterized by acute lancinating  pains, returning
        at intervals; and by  twinges in certain parts of
        the face, producing  convulsive twitches in the
        corresponding muscles.   It may be seated in the
        frontal nerve, in the infra-orbitar,  or in the max-
        illary branch of the fifth pair.
          Metopodyn'ia, Brow-ague, Neural'gia fronta'-
        lis, Ophthalmodynia,  Tic  douloureux. Dolor pe-
        riod'icus, Ac, commences at the superciliary fora-
        men and extends along the ramifications  of the
        frontal nerve that are distributed on the forehead,
        upper  eyelid,  caruncula lacrymalis, and nasal
        angle of the eyelids.   Sometimes it is felt parti-
        cularly in the orbit.
          Neuralgia infra-orbita'ria, Dolor faciei atrox,
        Rheumatis'mus cancro'sus, Trismus clon'icus, Pro-
        sopalgia,  Febris top'ica,  Odontal'gia  remit'tens
        et intermit'tens, Heinicra'nia sasva, Infra-orbitar
        neuralgia,  Tic  douloureux, is chiefly felt  in  the
N E U RIL E M M ITIS
infra-orbitar foramen, whence  it passes to the
cheek, upper lip, ala nasi, lower eyelid, Ac.
  In Neuralgia maxilla'ris, Gnatlial'gia, Gnatho-
neural'gia,  Tic  douloureux. Trismus  catnriliu'lii
maxi/laris,  the  pain  usually sets  out from the
mental foramen and passes to tbe chin, lips, tem-
ple, teeth, and tongue.
  Neuralgia, False.  A term  assigned to pains
along  a  nerve or its ramifications, produced by
some body  compressing it,—those pains termina-
ting with the removal of the compressing cause.
  Neuralgia Fem'oro-i'Oplit^'a, N. hchiod'na,
Sciut'ica,  Schias,  Malum ischiud'icitin,  Morbus
ischiad'icus, Passio  ischiad'ica, Isch'iiigra,  Is-
chialgia, Ischio'sis,  Ischioneural'gin, Coxol'giit,
Dolor Ischiad'icus nervo'sus, Is'chias, I. nervo'sa
Cotugnii seu Cotunnii,  I.  nervo'sa posti'ca seu
rheuma'tica, Neurisch'ias, Cox'agra,  Ischiat'ica,
lschoneural'gia, (Prov. Devonshire)  Bone-share,
(F.) Seiatique, Goutte seiatique.  This is  charac-
terized by pain following the great sciatic nerve
from the ischiatic notch to the ham, and along the
peroneal surface of the leg to the sole of the foot.
   Neuralgia Fem'oro-piia:tibia'lis, At. crural,
Ischias  nervo'sa anti'cet, Scelal'gia  anti'ca.  In
this, the pain, setting out from  the groin, spreads
along the fore part of the thigh, and passes down,
chiefly on  the inner side of the leg, to the inner
ankle and back of the foot.
   Neuralgia of the Heart, Angina pectoris —
n.  Hepatica, Hepatalgia.
   Neuralgia Ilio-Scrotal has been rarely ob-
served.   It is characterized by a very acute pain,
 in  the course of the  branches of the first lumbar
 pair; this pain follows the  crista ilii and accom-
 panies the  spermatic vessels to the testicle, which
 is often painfully retracted.
   Neuralgia, Lead, see Lead rheumatism — n.
 Lienis,  Splenalgia.
   Neural'gia MamMjE, Ir'ritable breast. An ex-
 ceedingly painful affection of the female mamma,
 unaccompanied by inflammation.
   Neuralgia  Planta'ris.  This is  rare; and
 the pain is confined  to the  course  of the plantar
 nerves.
   Neuralgia  Renum, Nephralgia—n. Spinalis,
 Spinal irritation—n. Testis, Orchidalgia.
   N E U R A N A G E N N E'SIS, Neuranaph'ysis,
 vevpov, 'a nerve,' and avayevvuur, 'to  regenerate.'
 Regeneration or renewal of a nerve.
   NEURANAPIIYSIS, Neimina-rennesis.
   NEURAPOPIIYSIS, see Vertebra-.
   NEURASTHENI'A, Neuradyna'min,  DeliV-
 itas nervo'sa.  Debility  or  impaired activity of
 the  nerves; from vevpov, 'a nerve,'  and  ao&t'vtia,
 'debility.'—See Irritable.
   NEURECTOMTA, from  vevpov, 'a nerve,' and
 tKTopn,  'excision.'  Excision of a nerve.
    NEURICUS, Nervous.
    NEURILEM'MA, Neurile'ma, Neurily'mo,
 Neu'rymen, Perineu'rion,  Fis'tula  sen  Tu'bidus
 seu  Cap'sula seu Involu'crnm  nervu'rum, Mem-
 bra'na  seu 3Iembran'ula seu  Tu'nica seu Indit-
 men'tum  nervo'rum, Vagi'na  nervo'rum;   (F.)
 Nevrillme, Perinevre ; from vevpov, ' a nerve,' and
 \eppa, 'a coat.'  The fine transparent, and appa-
 rently  fibrous  membrane  that  surrounds the
 nerves—to every filament of which it forms a true
 canal.
    Robin restricts the term ptrinlvre to the struc-
 ture that invests the primitive bundles of nerves;
 and every nervous filament.  It differs  from the
 neurilemma, in its  ordinary  acceptation, which
 forms  a  coat of some thickness in  the larger
 nerves, and supports the nutrient vessels, whilst
 the pd-inen-e exhibits no capillaries.
    NEURTLEMMATITIS, Neurilenimitis.
    NEURILEMMI'TIS,  Neurilemrnati'tis, Nen-
 rolemmuti'tis,  Neurili'tis,  (F.) NevrilSmite, from 
NEURILIT1S              633             KfiVROTOME
 neurilemma,  and  itis,  denoting  inflammation.
 Same etymon.  Inflammation of the neurilemma.
   NEUttlLITTS, Neurileraraitis.
   NEUIULYMA,  Neurilemma.
   NEURINE.  Medul'la nervo'rum, (F.) Nivrine,
 Alhioitine ciribrale ou riit cerveau, frora vevpov, 'a
 nerve.'   The substance of which the nervous
 nystein is composed.  It consists chiefly of albu-
 men and a peculiar fatty matter, associated with
 phosphorus.  There are two kinds of neurine —
 the  one  vesicular  or consisting  essentially of
 nerve vesicles or nerve cells or  corpuscles,  or, as
 they are  sometimes called,  from  their prevailing
 in the ganglia—ganglion  corpuscles and ganglion
 globules ; the other, the tubular, formed — as the
 word imports — of tubules.  The  former is the
 cineritious or cortical  nervous matter of the older
 unatoinists ; — the  latter, the white or medullary.
 The vesicular neurine has  appeared to be re-
 stricted  to the  production  and distribution of
 nerve-power; the tubular, to its  conduction; yet
 the  experiments  of Dr. Brown-Sequard  show,
 that  the  former  conveys  sensitive  impressions
 I'liiin the posterior spinal roots to the brain.
   NEURISCIIIAS, Neuralgia femoro-poplitaea.
   NKURITIC,  Nervine.
   NEURITIS, Infiamma'tio nervo'rum, Neuro-
 phlogo'sis, Neurophleg'mone, (F.)  Inflammation
 ties  Nerfs, Neorite, from vevpov, ' a  nerve,' and
 itis, a suffix denoting  inflammation.   Inflamma-
 tion of a nerve.
   NEUROBLACI'A,  from  vevpov, 'a nerve,' and
 (iWcin, 'stupor.'   Insensibility of the nerves.
   NEUROCIIONDRO'DES,  from  vevpov, 'a si-
 new,' %ovSpos,  'a  cartilage,' and  etSog,  'resem-
 blance.'  A hard substance  between  a sinew and
 a cartilage.
   NEURODES, Nervous.
   NEURODYNAMIA, Nervous  power.
   NEURODYNAMIS, Nervous  power.
   NEURODYNIA, Neuralgia.
   NEUROGAMIA, Magnetism,  animal.
   NEUROGRAPHY, Neurograph'ia ; from vev-
 pov, 'a nerve,'  and  ypatpri,  'a description.'   The
 p.irt of anatomy which describes the  nerves.
   NEUROHYl'NOL'OGY,    Neurohypnolog"ia,
 from vevpov, 'a  nerve,' 'vkvoc, 'sleep,' nnd  \oyoc,
 ' n treatise.'   A  name  given by  Mr.  Braid  to his
 theory of magnetic sleep.   See  Magnetism, ani-
 mal.
   NEURO-HYPNOTISM,  see  Magnetism, ani-
 mal.
   NEUROLEMMATITIS,  Neurilemmitis.
   NEUROL'OGY, Nettro!og"ia,  (F.) Nevrologie,
 from vtvpov, ' a  nerve,' and Xoyos,  ' a discourse.'
 The part of anatomy which treats of the nerves.
   NEURO'MA, (F.)  Nivrame,  from vevpov, 'a
 nerve.'   A morbid enlargement of a nerve.   Ap-
 plied to subcutaneous, circumscribed, and highly
 painful tumours formed  on  the tissue  of  the
 nerves; nnd likewise to a small, hard, grayish tu-
 mour, Neuroina'tion,  Nervous ganglion, painful
 tn'bercle,  of the size of a pea, which is observed
 in the course  of nerves, and appears to be formed
 from the  neurilemma.
   N'EUROMALA'CIA;  from vtvpov,  'a nerve,'
 and paXtiKta, 'softening.'  Softening of nerves.
  NEUROMATION.  Neuroma.
   NEURO.METERES, Psoae.
   NEUROMYELITIS, from vevpov, 'a nerve,'
 pvtXos, '  marrow,' and itis,  denoting inflamma-
 tion.  Inflammation of tbe  medullary matter of
 the nerves.
  NEURON, see Nerve.
  NEURON'OSOS, Neuronu'sos, from vevpov, 'a
nerve,' and voaoe, 'a disease.'  A disease of the
nerves.
  NEURONYG'ME, Ncuronyg'mus, Neuronyx'is,
from  vevpov,  'a nerve,'  and  vvypn, 'puncture;'
Punc'tio nervi.  Puncture of a nerve.
  NEUROPATII'IC, Neuropath'icus, from vevpov,
'a nerve,'  and nadoc, 'a disease.'   Belonging to
disease  of  the  nerves, to Neuropathi'a or Neu-
ron'osos.
  NEUROPHLEGMONE. Neuritis.
  NEUROPHLOGOSIS, Neuritis.
  NEUROPLASTY,  Neuroplas'tice.,  (F.) Nev-
roplastie, from vevpov, ' a nerve,' and rrXaariKo;,
' forming.'   M. Serres applies  this term to a gan-
glionary alteration of the peripheral nerves.
  NEUROPYRA, Fever, nervous, Typhus mitior.
  NEUROPYRETUS, Fever, nervous,  Typhus
mitior.
  NEURO'SES,  (F.)  Nevroses, from  vevpov,  'a
nerve.'   A generic  name for  diseases supposed
to have  their  seat in the nervous  system, and
which are indicated by disordered sensation, vo-
lition, or mental manifestation ;  without any evi-
dent  lesion in the  structure  of the parts, and
without  any  material  agent producing them.
Such  is the usual definition.  Broussais attributes
them  to a state of irritation of the brain and spi-
nal marrow.
  NEURO-SKELETON, see Skeleton.
  NEUROSPASM!, see  Spasm.
  NEUROST1IENI A,  (F.)  Nevrosthinie, from
vevpov, 'a nerve,'  and adtveia, 'strength.'   Excess
of nervous irritation.   Nervous irritation.
  NEUROTHELIC  APPARATUS, Corpus pa-
pillare.
  NEUROTIC, Nervine.
  NEUROT'ICA.  Diseases of the nervous func-
tion.  The 4th class of Good's Nosology.
  NEUROTOME, Nevrotome.
  NEUROT'OMV, Neurotom'ia, (F.) Nevrotomie.
Same etymon.   Dissection of  nerves.  Also, an
incised wound of a nerve.
  NEUROTRO'SIS, Neurotros'inns,  from vtvpov,
'  a nerve,'  and rpurots, ' wounding.'   Nerd vulne-
ra'tio.  Wound or wounding of a nerve.
  NEUROTROSMUS, Neurotrosis.
  NEURYMEN, Neurilemma.
  NEUTA, Neutha.  A  membrane,  according to
Paracelsus, which covers the eyes and ears of tho
foetus in utero.'
  NEUTRAL, from neuter,' neither.' Belonging
to neither in particular.
  Neutral Salts,  Sec'ondary salts,  (F.)  Sets
neutres.  Salts, composed of two primitive saline
substances, combined  together, and  not possess-
ing the characters of acid or of base.
  NEVIS, MINERAL WATERS OF.  Thermal
springs in the  department of Allier,  France.
Temperature, 136° to 148° Fahrenheit.
  NEVRALGIE, Neuralgia—?i. du  Foie, Hepa-
talgia—n. des Reins, Nephralgia—??. de I'Uterus,
Hys tenalgia.
  NEVRILEME, Neurilemma.
  NE VRILEMITE, Neurilemmitis.
  NE VRINE, Neurine.
  NEVRITE, Neuritis.
  NEVRODYNIE, Neuralgia.
  NEVROLOGIE, Neurology.
  NEVROME, Neuroma.
  NEVROSE DU C03UR, Angina pectoris.
  NEVROSES, Neuroses.
  NEVROSTHENIE, Neurosthenia.
  NEVROTHELE,  from  vtvpov, 'nerve,'  and
S-nXn,  'papilla.'   Concerning the papillae ofthe
skin.
  Appareil Nevrothele.   The papillary appa-
ratus, or arrangement of the skin in the aggregate.
—Breschet.
  NE VROTOJIE, Neurotome,Neurot'omue; from 
NEVROTOMIE            634                 NIPPLE
vevpov, 'a nerve,' and repvur, ' L cut,' 'I dissect.'
An instrument used by anatomists to dissect  the
nerves.   It is a long  and very narrow scalpel,
having two edges.
   NEVROTOMIE, Neurotomy.
   NEVUS, Naevus.
   NEW  JERSEY, MINERAL WATERS OF.
In the upper part of  Morris county and in  the
county of Hunterdon,  near the top of Musconet-
cong mountain,  there are chalybeate springs,
which are resorted to.  See Schooley's Mountain.
   NEW  YORK,  MINERAL WATERS  OF.
The chief waters are those of Saratoga, Ballston,
Sharon,  and  Avon.
   NEXUS STAMINEUS OCULI, Ciliary body.
   NEZ, Nasus.
   NGERENGERE.   A  singular disease,  with
the New Zealanders, which Dr. Arthur S. Thom-
 son considers to be a  variety of such diseases as
the Elephantiasis Graacorum, Lepra of the Cos-
sacks, Ac, and which he proposes  to  call Lepra
 gangrano'sa.
   NIANDRIA ANOMALA, Anisodus luridus.
   NICARAGUA  WOOD, see Caesalpinia.
   NIC'COLI SALES, Salts of Nickel, (F.)  Sets
 de  Nickel.   These  salts are  gentle tonics,  and
 have  been  given with  advantage in  periodic
 headache, and in chlorosis and amenorrhcea.  The
 dose of  the  sulphate is gr. ss or gr. j, three times
 a day.
    NICCOLUM, Nickel.
    NICE, CLIMATE  OF.  The  climate  of Nice
 possesses some advantages over the neighbour-
 ing climates of  Provence nnd Italy,  being free
 from  the  sirocco of  the latter,  and  protected
 from the  mistral of  the former.  Spring is  the
 most unfavourable  season.  The climate is very
 dry.  It has been a great winter retreat for the
 consumptive; but  does not  deserve  the enco-
 miums that have been passed upon  it.
    NICKAR TREE, Gymnocladus Canadensis.
    NICKEL,  Niccolum,  from (G.) Nickel, 'a
 prostitute.'   A term  of  detraction, having been
 applied by  the old German writers to what was
 regarded as a kind of false copper ore.   A white
  malleable metal, s. g. 8-8;  less oxidizable  than
 iron.  The  sulphate has been given as a tonic in
 the dose of half  a grain to a grain.
    NICODE'MI  O'LEUM,  Oil of Nicode'mns.
  An oil made by digesting, for some time, — in  a
  mixture of  white wine and olive oil,—old turpen-
  tine, litharge, aloes, saffron, oxyd of zinc, Ac.
     NICOTIANA, N. tabacum — n.  Minor,  N.
   rustica.
     Nicotia'na Rus'tica, called  after Nicot, who
   carried it to Europe  ; N. minor, Priapei'a, Hyos-
   cifamus lu'tens, English or Wild Tobacco.  Orel.
   Solanaceae. The leaves possess the properties of
   tobacco, but are milder.
     Nicotiana Tab'acum, Nicotia'na, Herba  ta-
   baci, Tabacum,  Petum,  Petun, Hyoscy'amus Pe-
   ruvia'nus,  Tobacco,   Virgin'ia  tobacco,  Drunk-
   wort, (F.)  Tabac, Nicotiane.  Tobacco is a violent
   acro-narcotic ; its properties  seeming to depend
   upon  a peculiar principle, Nicotin or Nicotianin
   It is  narcotic,  sedative,  diuretic,  emetic,  ca-
   thartic, and  errhine.  In incarcerated hernia, it
   is injected, in the form of smoke  or infusion, but
   requires  great  caution.  It  is  extensively and
   habitually used as an errhine and sialogogue. The
   infusion is used to kill vermin, and in some cuta-
   neous  eruptions.
     NICOTIANE. Nicotiana tabacum.
     NICOTIANIN, see Nicotiana tabacum.
     NICOTIN, see Nicotiana tabacum.
     NICTATIO,  Hippus, Nictatio.
     NICTATION, Nicta'tio, Nictiia'tio, from nic-
   tare, nictatum, 'to wink.' Clonus nictiia'tio, Ble-
pliarisni'us, Palptbra'tio,  Twinkling of  the eye,
(F.)  Cligifotcmcnt,  Cilh-incnt.   A rapid and  re-
peated movement of the eyelids, which open nnd
shut alternately.   As occasionally performed, it
is  physiological;  if repeatedly,  a disease.   It
seems  to  be  executed  chiefly by  the  motor  7lh
pair of nerves; but it is necessary that  the  ex.
citor 5th  pair should likewise be  in a state of
integrity.
  NIDAMENTUM, Decidua.
  NIDDICK, Nucha.
  NI DO RE UN, Nidorous.
  NI'DOROUS, Nidoro'sus, (F.) Nidorenx, from
Nidor, Cnissa, 'the smell of any thing burnt,'
Ac.  Having the smell of burnt or corrupt ani-
mal  matter.
  NIDUS, Nidus hirundinis.
  Nidus  IIiiun'thnis,  Nidus, Swallows' X,st,
A deep fossa in the cerebellum—so called from
its fancied resemblance—situate between the ve-
lum medullare posterius in front, and the nodu-
lus and uvula behind.
   NIEDERBRONN, MINERAL WATERS  OF.
Saline waters in the department of  Bas-Rhin,
France, which contain  chloride of sodium,  sul-
phate of  magnesia, and carbonic acid.
   NIELLE, Nigella.
   NIEPA BARK, see Samadera Indiea.
   NIGELLA, Coptis.
   Nigel'la, N. Sati'va; Orel. Ranunculaceae; (ni-
grella, from niger, 'black.)  Mclan'thium,  Citrni'.
 num Nigrum, Fennel jlotcer, Nutmeg flower, Devil
 in a bush, (F.) Nigelle, Nielle, Faux cumin, Flenr
 Sainte-Cather-ine.  This small southern European
 and Syrian plant  was  formerly used medicinally
 as an expectorant and deobstruent, errhine, sia-
 logogue,  Ac.
   NIGELLE, Nigella.
   NIGHT-BLINDNESS, neraeralopia.
   NIGHT EYES, Crusta genu equinae—n. Mare,
 Incubus.
   NIGHTSHADE,  AMERICAN,   Phytolacca
 decandra—n. Bittersweet, Solanum dulcamara—
 n. Common, Solanum — n. Deadly, Atropa bella-
 donna— n. Enchanter's, Circaoa  Lutetiana — n.
 Garden,  Solanum — n. Palestine,  Solanum sanc-
 tum— n. Stinking, Hyoscyamus  niger—n. Vine,
 Solanum dulcamara — n. Woody, Solanum dul-
 camara.       v
   NIG REDO A  SOLE, Ephelides.
   NIGRITA, Negro.
   NIGRITIES.Meianopathia—n. Ossium, Caries.
    NIGRITISM, Melanopathia.
    NIGRITUDO, Melanosis—n.  Pulmonum, Me-
  lanosis pulmonum.
    NIGROMANTIA, Necromancy.
    NIGROR, Melasma.
    NIGRUM  OCULI,  Pupil.
    NIHIL ALBUM, Zinci oxydum—n. Griseum,
  Zinci oxvduin.
    NILIACUM, Mel.
    NIMA QUASSIOI'DES, Sima'ha  quassitiides,
  a native of Nepal and the Himalaya mountains,
  is as bitter as quassia, and is used like  it.
    NINDSIN, Sium ninsi.
    NINE BARK, Spira-a opulifolia.
    NINE-DAY FITS, Trismus nascentium.
    NINSI. Sium ninsi.
     NINSING, Panax  quinquefolium.
     NINZIN, Sium ninsi.
     NIPPLE, Sax. nypele.  The Teat,  Tit,  Tet,
   Dug, Pap, (Old Eng.)  Neble, Titty; Acroinas'tiiiin,
   Uber, Staph'ylis, Staphyl'ium, Bubtina, Mtiminil'-
   la,  Mammel'la,   Papi/'/a,  P.  mamma,  U'beni
   apex,  Thele, Tit'the, Titthos,  Tit'thion, Titlhii,
   (F.) Mamelon, Bout de sein.  The conical tubercle,
   situate  at the centre of the breast.  Towards the
   central  part of  each breast the  skin changes
   colour,  and assumes a rosy tint  in young females, 
NIPPLEWORT              63
or a reddish brown in those who have suckled |
several children.  The circle is called the Areola
or Aureola of the nipple.   The nipple is capable
of erection on being excited.
  Xii'PI.e, Artipicial, Bout de Sein.
  NIPPLEWORT, Lapsana.
  NIREES, Herpes phlyctaenodes.
  N1RMALLEES, Strychnos potatorum.
  N I R.MILLIES,  Strychnos potatorum.
  NISUS,  Nixus, Peira, Straining, from  Lat.
nitnr, nisns, and nixus, 'to endeavour.' A volun-
tary retention of the breath, so as to force down
the diaphragm ; the abdominal muscles being at
the same time contracted forcibly.  In this man-
ner tbe contents ofthe abdomen  are compressed ;
and  the  evacuation  of the  faeces, urine,  Ac, is
effected.
  Nisus, Effort — n. Formativus, Plastic force.
  Nisus  Parturientium.  The efforts or forcing
during parturition.
  NITEDULA, Cicindela.
  NITON, MINERAL  WATERS  OF.   These
springs in  the  Isle of Wight contain iron, and
sulphate of alumina and  potassa.
  NITRAS,  Nitrate—n.  Hydrargyricus,  see
 Hydrargyri nitras — n. Hydrargyrosus, Hydrar-
gyri nitras—n.  Kalicus, Potassa?  nitras—n. Lix-
ivia?, Potassm nitras—n.  Natricum, Soda, nitrate
 of—n. Plumbicus, Plumbi  nitras — n. Potassae
 cum sulphure  fusus, Potassae nitras fusus sul-
 phatis paucillo mixtus — n.  Sub-bisinuthicum,
 Bismuth, sub-nitrate of.
  NITRATE,  Nitras, Az'otate.   A salt,  formed
 of a base and  nitric acid.  Several nitrates are
 employed in medicine.
   NITRATE  ACIDE  DE  MERCURE,  see
 Hydrargyri nitras—». d'Ammoniaque, Ammoniae
 nitras—n. d'Argent, Argenti nitras—n. Mercureux,
 Hydrargyri nitras.
  NITRE, Potassae  nitras — n. Cubic, Soda, ni-
 trate of.
   NITRIC, Ni'tricus, (F.) Nitrique, frora nitrum,
 'nitre.'  Appertaining or relating to nitre.
   Nitric Acid, Acidum  ni'tricum  seu azo'ticum
 seu scp'ticum seu nitri, Aqua fortis, Nitrous acid,
 Spir'itus nitri duplex seu nitri finnans seu nitri
 (ilttube'ri seu nitri ac"idus,  Azot'ic acid, Dephlo-
 gist'icatefl nitrous acid,  Oxyscptim'ie  acid, (F.)
 Acide nitrique   ou azotique.   Nitric  acid  is ob-
 tained from nitre—Nitrate of potassa.  Its odour
 is suffocating;  taste very acid and caustic.  Itis
 corrosive,  liquid,  colourless,  and  transparent.
 S. g. U500.
   Strung nitric acid is rarely used  except as  an
 application to  foul, indolent ulcers, or to warts.
 When given internally, it is in  the form  of the
 Acmu.M  NI'TRICUM DILU'tum, Spir'itus nitri sim-
 pler seu nitri vulga'ris—Diluted nitric acid,
 which, in the Pharmacopoeia of the United States,
 consists  of nitric acid, f3i, water, f.^ix by mea-
 sure.  Diluted  largely with water, it is used, as a
 drink in fevers of the  typhoid kind; in chronic
affections of the liver, syphilis,  Ac. ; but  in the
latter affections, it is not to  be depended upon.
  NITROGEN, from virpov, 'nitre,'and  yevvaur,
'I generate.'  Azote.
  Ni'trookn. Ga'seous Oxide of, Nitrous oxide,
Protox'ide of nitrogen or  of azote.  Paradise, In-
toxicating or Laughing gas, Dephlogis'ticated ni-
trons gas, Gas azot'icum oxygena'tum.  This gas,
when  respired,  produce*  singular  effects: great
mental and corporeal exciteiuent; and, generally,
so much exhilaration as to render the appellation,
"laughing  gas" by no means inappropriate.   It
has not.been much  used in medicine, although
recommended   in  paralysis.  Its effects are too
violent and too transient to render it a valuable
remedial agent; and, in the delicate, it has been
5                NODOSIA
productive of unpleasant effects, inducing  palpi-
tation, fainting, and convulsions.
  Nitrogen, Protoxide  of, Nitrogen, gaseous
oxide of.
  NITROGENE, Azote.
  NITROGENIUM, Azote.
  NITROGENIZED,  A'zoted,  A'zotized,  (F.)
Azoti.  Containing nitrogen or azote :—as a ?/?'-
tror/enized, azoted, or azotized aliment.
  NITRO-MURIAT'IC ACID, Ac"idum  nitro-
mitrittt'icum seu muriaticum nitro'so-oxygena'tun.,
Mens'truum auri, Nitro-hydrochlor'ic or Hydro-
chloro-nitric acid, Aqua regia seu styg"ia seu regis
Chr-ysalea, (F.)  Eau regale.  A mixture  of tbe
nitric and muriatic acids, has been used in dis-
eases of the liver, in the form of a bath for the
feet and legs, made sharply acidulous. It  has,
also, been employed, and with more  uniform re-
sults, in cutaneous affections.  Whatever advan-
tage it may posses in internal diseases—and these
advantages  are  doubtful—they are probably de-
pendent upon the chlorine formed by the mixture,
or upon the properties  possessed by the mineral
acids in general.   See Chlorine.
  The Acidum nitro-muriaticum of the Pharma-
copoeia of the United States is formed by mixing
four  fluidounces  of nitric acid  with  eight of
muriatic acid.
  NITROUS OXIDE, Nitrogen, gaseous oxide of.
  NITRUM,  Natron,  Potassae  nitras — n. Anti-
quorum, Soda — n. Cubicum, Soda, nitrate  of—
n.  Factitium, Borax — n. Flammans, Ammonite
nitras — n. Lunarc, Argenti nitras — n. Prismati-
cum,  Potassm nitras — n.  Rhomboidale,  Soda,
nitrate of—n. Saturninum, Plumbi nitras—n. Vi-
triolatum Schroederi, Potassae sulphas—n. Tabu-
latum,  Potassae  nitras fusus sulphatis paucillo
mixtus—n.  Vitriolatum, Potassae sulphas.
  NIX, Snow—n. Fumans, Calx  viva—n. Zinci,
Zinci oxydum.
  NIXUS,  Nisus — n. Parturientium, Nisus par-
turientium.
  NOAH'S ARK, Cypripedium luteum.
 . NOBLE, Nob'His.  Principal, Essential.
  Noble Parts,  Partes essentia'les.  Some ana-
tomists  have given this  name to  parts, without
which life cannot exist; such as the heart, liver,
lungs, brain, Ac.  The organs of generation have,
likewise, been so called.
  NOCAR, vwxap, Torpor Soporif'icus.  Lethargic
torpor.
  NOCTAMBULATIO, Somnambulism.
  NOCTAMBULISMUS, Somnambulism.
  NOCTAMBULUS, Somnambulist.
  N0CTISURG1UM. Somnambulism.
  NOCTUI'NI  OC'ULI.   Gray or blue eyes.—
Castelli.
  NOCTURNA  BELLA, Coitus.
  NOCTUR'NAL, Noctur'nus, Nycter'inus, from
nox, noctis, 'night.' Relating to night, as  Febris
noctur'na seu nycter'ina.   A fever occurring  in
the night.
  NODDING, Annuitio, Nutatio.
  NODDLEPOX, Syphilomania.
  NODE, Nodus, Einphy'ma exosto sis perios'tea,
{¥.)  Nodosite, Ntruit; from Hebr. IJ, 'a  heap.'
A  hard concretion  or  incrustation, which forms
around joints attacked with rheumatism or gour.
Some include, under  this name, exostoses, arti-
cular  calculi, ganglions, and even the chron:c
swellings of the  joints known under  the name
of  white swellings.
  NODES, Edentulus.
  NODI DIGITORUM MANUS, Phalanges of
the fingers—n. Lactea, Infarctus mammae laeteus
—n. Nervorum, Ganglions, nervous—n. Haeinor-
rhoidales, see HaMiiorrhois.
  NODOI,  Nefrendes.
  NODOSIA, see Nefrendes. 
NODOSITfi               G36              NOSOGENIA
  NODOSITE, Node.
  NOD'ULI  ARANTII,  Naduli  Morgagn'ii,
Cor'pora Aran'tii.  The small sesamoid  bodies
situate on the periphery of the semilunar valves
of the aorta and pulmonary artery for the better
occlusion of the artery.
  Noduli Morgagnu, Noduli Arantii — n. Ner-
vorum. Ganglions, nervous.
  NOD'ULUS, diminutive of nodus, 'a knot.'  A
small knot  A small prominence or lobule in the
portion of the cerebellum, which forms the poste-
rior boundary  of  the  fourth ventricle.   The
nodulus  is on  the  median line, and  before the
uvula.  See Vermiform process, inferior.
  NODULUS UTERINUS,  Pessary.
  NODUS,  Articulation,  Edentulus, Encystis,
Ilamraa—n. Cerebri, Pons Varolii — n. Chirurgi-
cus, Knot, surgeon's — n. Encephali, Nveud  de
TEncephale, Pons Varolii—n. Hystericus, Angone
—n. Vitae, Centrum vitale.
  NOES IS, Intellect.
  NCEUD, Node — ?i. du Chirurgien, Knot, sur-
geon's—11. d'Emballenr, Knot, packer's.
  NCEUD  DE  L'ENCEPHALE (¥.), Nodus
 Enceph'ali.   M.  Cruveilhier,  under  this name,
includes the pons Varolii, peduncles of the  cere-
brum and cerebellum,  and the tubercula quadri-
 gemina.
   NiEUD VITAL, Centrum vitale.
   NCEUDS, Calculi, arthritic.
   NOIR ANIMAL,  Carbo  animalis — n. d'Os,
 Carbo animalis.
   NOISE TIER, Corylus nvellana.
   NOISETTE,  Corylus avellana (nut).
   NOIX, Juglans  regia (nux) — ??. Amiricaine,
 Jatropha curcas—n. des Barbades, Jatropha cur-
 cas—?». Cathartique, Jatropha  curcas—n. d'Eau,
 Trapa natans—n. de Galle, see Quercus infectoria
 — n. d'Igasitr, Ignatia amara—n. de Serpent, see
 Thevetia Ahouai — ?i. Vomique, see  Strychnos
 nux vomica.
   NOLA CULINARIA, Anemone Pulsatilla.
   NOLI ME  TANGERE, Lupus, see Chancreux
 (Bouton.)
   NOMA, Cancer  aquaticus—n.  Pudendorum,
 Colpocace infantilis.
   NOMAD,  Nomade,  Nomas,  (vopac,  vo/jaSo;,)
 from vopn, 'pasturage.' An epithet given to people
 who  have no  fixed habitation, and  who travel,
 with their flocks,  from country to country,  for
 pasturage.  Such  are the Tartars.   By analogy,
 the word Nomad'ic has been applied to a spreading
 ulcer.
   NOMBRIL, Umbilicus —n. de Vinus, Cotyle-
 don umbilicus.
   NOME. Cancer aquaticus, Phagedenic ulcer.
   NO'MENCLATURE,  Nomencla'tio,  Nomen-
 t-latu'ra, Onomatolog"ia, Onomatocle'sis, Termon-
 ol'ogy,  Terminology,  Glossology,  Orismol'ogy,
 from ovopa, 'name,' and (caAcai, 'I  call.'  A col-
 lection of terms or words peculiar to  a science or
 art.  In  all sciences, nomenclature is  an object
 of importance; and each  term should  convey to
 the student a definite meaning.  The Lavoisier-
 i in  nomenclature  was a valuable gift  to  che-
 mistry ; and anatomy has derived advantage from
 the  labours of Barclay, Dumas, and Chaussier,
 who have given names to parts indicative of their
 situation.   See  Muscle.  The nomenclature  of
 pathology has  required the  greatest attention ;
 nnd although repeated attempts have been  made
 to improve it,  the barbarous terms that disgrace
 it  are still  frequently adopted.  It  consists  of
 Hebrew and  Arabic  terms;  Greek  and  Latin,
 French, Italian, Spanish,  German, English, and
 even Indian, African, and Mexican  ; often bar-
 barously and illegitimately compounded.  A want
 of principle in founding the technical terms  of
 medicine is every where observable.  They have
been  formed: — 1.  From  colour;  ns  M,l<rna
Melas, Atrabilis,  Leuce,  Alphas,  Chlorosis, Ru-
beola, Scarlatina, Purpura, Ac.  2.  From  dura-
tion ; as ephemeral, quotidian, tertian, and qiutr.
tan,  continued, nnd  intermittent,  Ac.  '.',.  From
Birds, Beasts,  Fishes, Insects, and  Plants ;  as
Rabies  canina, Cynanche, Boulimia, Pica, Hip-
popyon,  Elephantiasis,   Urticaria,  Lichen, Ich-
thyo'sis,  Ac.  4.  From   Persons  or Places ,-  as
Morbus llerculens,  Fades  Hippocrutica, Lepra
Arabian, Plica Polonica, Sudor Anglieus, Morbus
Gallicus,  Ignis  Sancti  Antonii,  Chorea Sancti
 Viti, Ac.
  NOMUS, Cancer aquaticus.
  NON-COMPOS, Lunatic.
  Non-Compos Mentis,  Lunatic.
  NON-NAT'URALS,  Non  iiatura'h'a.  Under
this  term the ancient physicians comprehended
air, meat, and drink,  sleep and watching, motion
and  rest, the retentions  and  excretions, and the
affections of the mind.  They were  so called, be-
cause they affect man without entering into his
composition, or constituting his nature; but yet
are so necessary that he cannot live without them.
  NONPLACENTAL, see Placental.
  NON-SANE, Insane.
  NON-STRIATED  MUSCULAR  FIBRE, see
Muscular fibre.
  NONUS   HUMERI   PLACENTINI,  Terea
minor — n. Linguae musculus, Genio-glossus—n.
Vesalii, Peronaeus tertius.
  NOOS, Intellect.
  NORICE, Nurse.
  NORMA VERTICALIS, see Normal.
  NORMAL, Norma'lis, from norma, 'a perpen-
dicular,' 'a rule.'  According to rule; perpen-
dicular.
  The normal line, norma vertica'lis, of Blumen-
bach, is a vertical  line let fall from the promi-
nence of the frontal bone and shaving the supe-
rior maxillary, so as  to mark  the  projection  of
 the latter bone beyond the arch of tbe forehead.
  NORRIS'S DROPS, see Antimonium  tartari-
 zatum.
  NORTH CAROLI'NA, MINERAL WATERS
 OF.  The chief springs  are  the Warm and Hot
 Springs of  Buncombe.    Temperatures varying
 from 94° to 104°  Fahr.  They have not much
 mineral impregnation,  and  have the properties
 of the thermal waters in general.
  NORTON'S DROPS, Liquor hydrargyri oxy-
 muriatis.
   NORYSS, Nurse.
  NOSACERUS, Sickly.
   NOSE, Nasus —n.  Bleed,  Epistaxis.
   Nose, Running at the, Coryza.
   NOSELI'A, voanXtta,  Nosocome'sis, Nusocomi'a,
 from voooq,  ' disease.'   Care of the sick.
   NOSEMA, Disease.
   NOSENCEPH'ALUS, (F.) Nosenciphale, from
 voaos, 'disease,' and  eyxttpaXos, 'brain.'  A  mon-
 ster whose  skull is open only on the frontal and
 parietal regions, the posterior fontanelle  being
 distinctly present.
   NOSEROS, Insalubrious,  Sick.
   NOSEUMA. Disease.
   NOSOCOMESIS, Noselia.
   NOSOCOMIA, Noselia.
   NOSOCO'MIAL,  Nosocomia'lis, from voaoito-
 petov, (voaoc, 'a disease,' and soptur, 'I take care
 of,') 'an hospital.'  Relating to an  hospital, — as
 'nosocomial or hospital fever.'
   NOSOCOMTUM, Hospital.
   NOSOCOMUS, Inftrrnier.
   NOSOCRATIC, Specific.
   NOSODES,  Insalubrious,  Sick, Sickly.
   NOSODOCHIIIM, Hospital.
   NOSOGENESIS,  Pathogeny
   NOSOGENIA, Pathogeny. 
NOSOGENY
63 7
NOW
  NOSOGENY, Pathogeny.
  NOSOGEOGRAPHY, Geography, medical.
  NOSOG'RAPHY, Nosograpli'ia, from vooof, 'a
disease,' and ypatjrtj), ' I describe.'   A description
of diseases.
  NOSOL'OGY, Nosolog"ia, from voooc,  'a dis-
ease,' and Xoyos, 'a discourse.'  A name given to that
part of medicine whose object is the classification
of  diseases.  The  most celebrated nosological
systems have been those of Sauvages (1763), Lin-
iia-us (1763), Vogel (1764),  Sugar (1776),  Mac-
bride (1772), Cullen (1772), Darwin (1796), Selle,
Crichton  (1804), Parr  (1809), Swediaur (1812),
Pinel (1813), Young (1813), Good  (1817), Hosack
(1818), Ac.  Besides these general nosographies,
others have been  published on Surgery exclu-
sively, none of which are particularly worthy of
enumeration amongst  nosological  systems.   No-
sological  arrangements have, also, been formed
of single families or groups of diseases.   Plenck,
of Baden, is the author of two different treatises
of this kind : the one, a methodical arrangement
of the diseases of the eyes, and the other, of cu-
taneous diseases.   Dr. Willan published an ar-
rangement of cutaneous diseases, which was com-
pleted by Dr.  Bateman, and  adopted into the
Nosology  of Dr. Hosack.  Mr. Abernethy, also,
published a methodical classification of tumours,
and many other partial nosological classifications
might be enumerated.  Also, Pathology.
   NOSON'OMY, Nosonom'ia, from  voaoc, 'a dis-
ease,' and ovopa, 'name.'  The  nomenclature of
diseases.
   NOSOPH'YTA, from vooos, ' disease,' and tpvrov,
'a plant.'   A disease supposed to be produced by,
or  to  consist in  the development of parasitic
plants—as porrigo, mentagra, Ac.—Gruby.
   NOSOPCE'US, Nosopoelicus, from voaoc, 'dis-
ease,' and noitur, ' I make.'  That which causes
disease.
   NOSOS, Disease.
   NOSOTAX'Y, Nosotax'ia, from voaoc,  'a dis-
ease,' and ral-tc,  'arrangement.'  The distribution
and classification of diseases.
  NOSOTHEO'RIA, from  vococ,  'disease,' and
Setirpta, 'doctrine.'   The  doctrine  or  theory of
disease.
   NOSTAL'GIA, from votrros,  'return,' 'a  jour-
ney home,' and aXyos, 'pain.'  Nostoma'nia, Nos-
tras'sia, Apodemialgia, Pathopatridalgia, Pato-
patridal'gia, Philopatridalgia, Philopatridoma'-
nia, Ademon'ia, Ademos'yne, Home-sickness,  (F.)
Nostnlgie, Maladie du pays.  An  affection pro-
duced by the desire of returning to one's country.
It  is commonly attended by slow wasting, and
sometimes by hectic, which may speedily induce
death. M. Pinel properly regards it as a variety
of melancholy.
  NOSTOMANIA, Nostalgia.
  NOSTRASSIA, Nostalgia.
  NOSTRILS, Nares.
  NOSTRUM, Arcanum.
  Nostrum, Chittick's.  An empirical remedy
fir stone in the bladder, said to be a solution of
alkali in veal-broth.
  NOTA   MATERNA, Nsevus — n. Primitiva,
Groove, primitive.
  N0T.E  INFANTUM, Nsevi.
  NOTAL, Dorsal.
  NOTAL'GIA,  Notial'gia,  (Nostalgia,  impro-
perly, of  Kochlin and  others,)  from vurros, 'the
back,' and aXyos,' pain.' Pain in the back. Spinal
irritation.
  NOTANENCEPIIALIA, see Notencephalus.
  NOTCH, Teut. Nocke, Ital. Nocchia, Ernar-
gina'tio,  Emarginatu'ra, (F.)  Echancrure.  A
depression or indentation of  different shape and
size, observed on the  circumference or edges of
certain bones.
  Notch of the Concha, Incisura tragica.
  Notch, Ethmoid'al, (F.) Echancrure ethmoi-
dale, is situate on the frontal bone, and joins the
ethmoid.
 _ Notches, Ischiat'ic, (F.) Echancrures Ischia-
tiques, are two in number: — the greater and the
less.  The former is large, situate  at the inferior
part of the pelvis, and formed by the sacrum and
ilium.   It gives passage to the sciatic nerve, py-
ramidalis muscle, and to the superior gluteal ves-
sels and nerves.  The latter is much smaller than
the other, from which it is separated by the sciatic
spine.   It gives passage to the tendon of the ob-
turator internus, and to the internal pudic vessels
and nerves.
  Notch, Parot'id,  (F.) Echancrure paroti di-
enne, is the  triangular space comprised between
the parotid edge of the  inferior maxillary  bone
and the mastoid process ; so called, because it
lodges the parotid gland.   The  notches  in soft
parts are generally called Fissures.
  Notch, Scap'ular,  Incisu'ra  scapula'ris, Lu'-
nula scap'ula, (F.) Echancrure scapulairs.  The
notch on the superior edge or costa of the scapula,
which  is converted into a foramen by means of a
ligament, and gives passage to the suprascapular
nerve.
  Notch, Semilunar of the Sternum, Four-
chette.
  NOTENCEPHALIA, see Notencephalus.
  NOTENCEPH'ALUS, from vtor0i, 'the back,'
and tynetpaXoc,  ' the  head.'   A monster  whose
head, with the brain, is on the back.  The  con-
dition  is  termed Notenccpha'lia  and Aocanen-
cephu'lia.—I. G. St. Hiliare.
  NOTHEUSIS, Degeneration.
  NOTHIA, Degeneration.
  NOTHROTES, Torpor.
  NOTHUS, False.
  NOTLEUS, Dorsal —n. Myelus, Medulla spi-
nalis.
  NOTIALGIA, Notalgia.
  NOTOM'ELES, from  vorroc, 'the back,'  and
peXeo;,   'unprofitable.'  A monster with  super-
fluous flesh on the back.
  NOTOMYELITIS, Myelitis.
  NOTOMYELUS, Medulla spinalis.
  NOTON, Dorsum.
  NOTOS, Dorsum, Vertebral column
  NOUAGE DE LA  CORNEE, Caligo.
  NOUE, (Bandage) (F.); 'knotted,' from nodus,
'a knot.'  A bandage which has a considerable
number of knots placed  over each other.  It is
made with  a roller, 6  or 7 ells long, rolled into
two balls,  and is used to compress the parotid
region, after the extirpation ofthe parotid gland.
  Also, an  epithet applied to children in whom
the disease of rickets has swollen the  articula-
tions.
  It is, likewise, applied to the gout when it has
caused nodes on the joints.
  NOUET  (F.), Nod'ulus.  A  bag  filled with
medicinal substances, and infused in a liquid  to
communicate their properties to it.
  NOUFFER'S,  MADAME,  REMEDY, Poly-
podium filix mas.
  NOURRICE, Nurse.
  NOURRICIER, Nutritious.
  NOURRITURE, Aliment.
  NOUS, Intellect.
  NOUURE, Rachitis.
  NOUVEAU-NE (F.),  ('new-born,') Neona'-
tus, nuperrimh  Natns, Neog'enes, Neog'iles, Neog'-
ilits, Neog'onus, Neog'nus, Infans recens  natus.
That which has been just born.  A new-born
infant.
  NOVACULA, Razor.
  NOW, Vertex. 
NOYAU                 0 3 8             NUTRITIOUS
  NO YA U, see Cytoblast.
  NOYAU CENTRAL DES PEDONCULES
DU  CERVELET, Corpus dentatum.
  NO YER, Juglans regia—n. de Ceylon, Adha-
toda.
  NOYRIS, Nurse.
  NUAGE, Nebula.
  NUBECULA, Enaeorema, Nebula.
  NUBES, Enaeorema, Nebula.
  NU'BILE,  Nu'bilis, 'marriageable,'  'fit  to
marry.'  Generally, the period of puberty is con-
sidered to be the  age at  which both sexes are
nubile.  They  are truly  nubile, hovvever,  only
when they are fitted  to procreate healthy and
vigorous children, and are competent to discharge
their duties as parents.
  NUBILTTY, Nubilitas, (F.)  Nnbiliti; same
etymon.  The state of being nubile or marriage-
able.
  NUBILOSUS, Nepheloid.
  NUCES AQUATICS, see  Trapa natans — n.
Quercfis, see Quercus alba.
  NUCHA, In'ium, Nucha cap'itis, (F.) Nuque.
The  nuke,  hinder part or nape  of  the  neck,
(Prov.) Niddiclc.   The part  where  the spinal
marrow begins.
  Ligamen'tum Nucha.  A strong ligament from
the neck, proceeding from  one spinous process to
another, and inserted into the occipital bone.  It
is very strong in  quadrupeds.  It is  called in
them Paxywaxy, Paxwax, Packwax, formerly,
Faxwav, and Tarn-ax.
  NUCHAL RE'GION,  Re'gio nucha  seu ??t<-
cha'lis seu occipitalis infe'rior, from nucha. The
region of the nucha or nape of the neck.
  NUCISTA, see Myristica moschata.
  NUCK, CANAL OF.   A small prolongation
of the  peritoneum often sent into the  inguinal
canal of the female foetus.   So called  from Nuck,
who first  described it.
  NU'CLEATED, Nuclea'tus, from  nucleus,  'a
kernel.'  Having a nucleus or central  particle.
Applied to the elementary cells of organized tis-
sues; the vital properties of which are seated in
tJie  nucleus.  See Cytoblast.
  NUCLEATED  CELL, see Cytoblast.
  NUCLEI  CEMBR/E, see Pinus Cembra —n.
Ossei, Ossification, points of—n. Pineae, see Pinus
pinea.
  NUCLEIN,  see Globules of the blood.
  NUCLEOLE, see Cytoblast.
  NUCLEOLULE, see Cytoblast.
  NUCLEOLUS, see  Cytoblast.
  NUCLEUS, see Cytoblast—n. Blastodermatis,
 Tache embryonnaire—n. Centralis, Corpus denta-
tum— n.  Cicatriculae, Tache  embryonnaire — n.
Dentatus,  Corpus dentatum — n. Dentis, Dental
pulp — n. Encased,  Cytoblast — n.  Fiinbriatus,
 Corpus dentatum—n. Furunculi, see Furunculus
— n. Germinal, see Molecule — n.  Germinativus,
see  Molecule — n. Olivse,  Corpus dentatum — n.
Ossificationis,  Ossification, point  of— n. Rhoin-
boidalis. see Corpus dentatum.
   NUCULA TERRESTRIS, Bunium bulbocas-
tanum.
   NUKE, Nucha.
   NULE-KNEED. Entogonyancon.
   NUMERICAL METHOD, see Method, nume-
rical.
  "NUM'MULAR, Nttminitla'ris.  Relating  to
money, from nummus, 'money.'   An epithet  ap-
plied to the sputa  in  phthisis, when  they flatten
at the bottom of tbe vessel, like a piece of money,
and to the mode of aggregation of the  red cor-
puscles of the blood—'nummular rolls.'
  NUMMULARIA, Lysimachia nummularia.
  NUMPOST, Abscess.
  NUPIIAR  AD'VENA,  Nympha'a  ad'vena,
 Yellow Pond Lily, Spatter-dock.   Order,  Nym-
| pheaceac; indigenous in  Canada nnd the United
 States.  The root is a popular tonic,  and tho
 fresh root bruised is  applied ns a cataplasm.
   Nuphar Luteum,  Nymphaea lutea.
   NU(,)UE, Nucha.
   NURICE, Nurse.
   NURSE,  Sax.  nopice,  Nutri.r. (from nourish,
 itself from nntrire,)  Tithe'ne,  Trephou'sa,  Lac-
 tans, Lac'ticans,  Ntt'triens,  Theltts'tria, Mamma,
 (I.) Nutriee, (F.) Nov nice, (Sc.) Xiyris. \„njss,
 Nurice, Nnrice.   One who suckles her own  child
 or another's.  Also,  one that has the  care of a
 sick person, Care-taker, (F.) Garde-malttde.
   Nurse, Dry.   One who gives every care to a
 child, but does not suckle it.
   Nurse, Monthly.  One who attends a woman
 during the month of her parturient state.
   Nurse, Wet,  (Sc.) Milkwoman.  A female,
 who suckles the child of another.
   To 'nurse artificially,' is to bring up a child by
 the hand.
   NUS, Intellect.
   NUSUS, Disease.
   NUT, BRAZILIAN, see Pichurim beans —n.
 Butter, Juglans  cinerea — n. Cembros,  see Pinua
 cembra — n. Clearing, Strychnos potatorum — n,
 French,  Juglans regia — n.  Para,  see  Pichurim
 beans—n.. Physic. Jatropha. curcas—n. Pine, see
 Pinus  picea—n. Pistachio, see  Pistacia  vera—n.
 Poison, see Strychnos nux vomica — n.  Purging,
 see Jatropha and Croton tiglium—n. Rattle, Ne-
 lumbium  luteum — n.  Sassafras,  see  Pichurim
 beans—n. Soap, see  Sapindus saponaria.
   Nut Tree,  Malabar, Adhatoda.
   Nut, Vomic, see  Strychnos  nux vomica-—n.
 Zirbel, see Pinus picea.
   NUTATION,  Nuta'tio, frora nutare,  nutation,
 'to nod.'  Nodding.  Also, a constant oscillation
 of the head, by which it moves involuntarily in
 one or more directions.
   NUTATOR  CAPITIS,  Sterno-cleido-mastoi-
 deus.
   NUTMEG,  see Myristica moschata—n. Butter,
 see  Myristica — n.  Flower,  Nigella—n. Liver,
 Liver, nutmeg.
   NUTMEGS. Testes.
   NUTRICATIO, Nutrition.
   NUTRICIER, Nutritious.
   NUTRICIUS, Nutritious.
   NUTRIENS, Aliment, Nurse.
   NUTRIMEN. Aliment.
   NUTRIMENTAL, Nutrimenta'lis, Aliment'al,
 Alimen'tary, Alimenta'lis, (F.)  Alimentenx,  from
I nuirimen, 'aliment.'   Having the qualities of food
 or nutriment.
   NUTRIMENTUM, Aliment, Pabulum.
   NUTRIT"10N, Nittrifio, Nutrica'tio, Nutri'-
 tus,  Alitn'ra,  Threpsis,  from nntrire,  nutrition,
 'to nourish.'  Nutrition is that function by which
 the  nutritive  matter already elaborated by the
 various organic actions, loses its own nature, and
 assumes that of the  different living tissues, — to
 repair their losses and maintain their strength.
 Sometimes the word is used in a more extended
 signification, to express  the whole series of ac-
 tions by which  the  two  constant movements  ot
 composition and decomposition are accomplished,
 in organized bodies.   Nutrition, then, would com-
 prehend digestion, absorption, respiration, circu-
 lation, and  assimilation ;  the latter being nutri-
 tion, properly so  called,  and being effected  in
 the  intermediate system  over the whole of the
 body, — the cells  of the tissues attracting  frotn
 the  blood the elements necessary for their repa-
 ration.
   Nutrition, Force of, Plastic force.
   NUTRIT"IOUS,  Nntric"ins, Nit'trilivc, Alib'-
 ilis, Trophi'mos,  Tropho'des, (F.) Nonrdder, Nn-
:| tricier,  AUtbile.   Same   etymon.  Having the 
•i2
NUTRITIVE
639
NYMPHOTOMY
quality of nourishing:  as  nutritious  food, nutri-
tious lymph, Ac.
  Nutritious or Nu'tritive Arteries, (F.) ^4?--
th-es nutriciires.  Arterial branches  which enter
the foramina nutricia  of  long bones, and pene-
trate to the medullary membrane.
  NUTRITIVE, Nutritious,  (F.) Nutritif. Also,
relating to  nutrition: hence the 'nutritive func-
tions,'  or those that are concerned in nutrition.
~ NUTRITUS, Aliment, Nutrition.
  NUTRIX, Mamma,  Nurse.
  NUTS, WATER, Nelumbium luteum.
  NUX  AROMATICA, see Myristica moschata
—n. Avellana, Corylus avellana (nut)—n. Barba-
densis, Jatropha  curcas—n. Beeuiba, Ibicuiba—
n.  Cathartica  Americana, Jatropha  curcas — n.
 Oallae, see  Quercus cerris — n. Juglans,  Juglans
regia—n. Medica, Coco of the Maldives—n. Me-
tclla, Strychnos nux vomica—n. Methel, Datura
stramonium — n.  Moschata, see Myristica mos-
 chata—n. Myristica, see Myristica moschata—n.
 Pistacia, see Pistacia vera — n. Unguentaria,  see
 Myristica moschata — n. Vomica, Strychnos nux
 vomica.
   NYCTALOPE, see Nyctalopia.
   NYCTALOPEX, see Nyctalopia.
   NYCTALO'PIA, from vu£, wktoc,  'night,' and
 oiropai, 'I  see;' Purop'sis Lucif'uga, Nyctalopi'-
 tisis, Ca'citas diur'na, Visits noctur'nus, Oxyo'pia,
 Ilemeralo'pia (moderns), Amblyo'pia meridia'na,
 Hemeratyphlo'sis, Hemerotyphlo'sis, Photophob'ia,
 Phutophobophthal'mia, Dyso'pia lu'minis, Visits
 a'crior,  Nye'talopy,   Dayblindness,   Dittr'nal
 amtturo'sis, (F.)  Vue  nocturne, Aveuglemerit  de
 Jtrtir.  The faculty of seeing during  the  night,
 with privation of the faculty during  the day.  It
 affects both eyes at once, when idiopathic.   Its
 duration is uncertain, and  treatment very obscure.
 It  is, however, a disease  of nervous irritability,
 and one  of excitement of the visual nerve in par-
 ticular.  The indications of cure will consequently
 be — to  allay direct irritation in every  way: to
 excite counter-irritation by blisters; and to gra-
 dually accustom  the  eye  to  the  impression  of
 light.
   One labouring under this affection is called a
 Xyc'lalope, Nyc'talops, Nyctalo'pex.
   Nyctalopia has also  been used for night blind-
 ness.  See llemeralopia.
   NYC'TALOPS, seo Nyctalopia.
   NYCTALOPY, Nyctalopia.
   NYCTERINUS,  Nocturnal.
   NYCTHE.MERON,  see Dies.
   NYCTHE'MERUM, frora  vv{, vvktos, 'night,'
and 'npepa, 'day.'  The space  of 24  hours, or of
a day and  night.  Certain complaints continue
 only so long.
   NYCTOBADIA,  Somnambulism.
   NYCTOBASIS, Somnambulism.
   NYCTOBATESIS,  Somnambulism.
   NYCTOBATTA, Somnambulism.
   NYCTOTYPHLOSIS, llemeralopia.
   NYGMA, Wound, punctured.
   NYti.MATICUM  EMPLASTRUM,  Emplas-
triun  resinae.
   NYMPIIA, Clitoris.
   NYMP1LE.  from  vvptpn,  'a water nymph.'
Ala nn'no'res sen inter'na  mi no'res clitor'idis seu
nitilie'bres nn'no'res, Carun'cnla cuticula'res, Cris-
ta  clitor'idis,  Collic'uli  vagi'na,  Jtyrtochi'ht,
Myrtochei'lides, Labia mino'ra  seu  inter'nn  seu
pmlen'di mino'ra, (F.) Nymphes,  Petites liores.
Two membranous folds,  which arise from  the
lateral parts of the prepuce of  the  clitoris, and
descend on the inner surface of the labia majora;
terminating,  by  becoming gradually  thinner,
about the middle of the circumference ofthe ori-
fice of the vagina.   They are formed each of two
folds of the mucous membrane of the vulva; and

     U.--Z-i- t^r  <--  ■'_■    '"V:  - //Ki-i+S
       ,  .'  /: ,H-t   .'•'■'..            •—*
contain, in their substance, a thin layer of spongy,
erectile tissue.   Their use seems to be, — not, as
was  once supposed, to direct  the course of the
urine, which  notion gave rise to their name, but
to favour the  elongation and dilatation of the
vagina in pregnancy and labour.
  The word vvpt/rn, Nymphe, has also been  used
synonymously with clitoris  by Oribasius, Aetius,

  NYMPHiEA ADVENA, Nupbar advena.
  Nymph^e'a Alba, Leuconympha'a, Nenu'phar,
Microlenconympha'a, Casta'lia  specio'sa,  White
 Water Lily, (Sc.)  Carnbie-leaf, (F.) Nenuphar ou
Ninufar blanc, Lis des itangs, Lune ou Volant
d'Eau.   Nat.  Ord.  Ranunculaceae.  Sex.  Syst.
Polyandria Monogynia.  Formerly employed as
a  demulcent,  antaphrodisiac,   emollient,   and
slightly anodyne remedy.
  Nymph.ea  Indica,  N. nelumbo — n. Major
lutea,  N. lutea.
  Nymphaea Lu'tea, N. major lutea seu umbili-
ca'lis, Nnjthar lu'leuin, Neuit'pihar  lutea, Nypho-
zanthus vulga'ris,  Yellow Water Lily, (Sc.)  Cam-
bie-leaf, (F.)  Nenuphar jaune.  Used for the
same purposes as  Nympha'a  alba.  The flowers
are called in  Norfolk, England, Brandy bottles.
  Nymphjea Nelum'bo, N.  In'dica, Faba AUgyp-
tiaca,  Cy'anus ^Egyptiacus, Pontic or ^Egyptian
Bean.  The  fruit  of this  is eaten raw in Egypt
and some of  the neighbouring countries; and is
considered to be tonic and astringent.
  Nympha'a  Odoiia'ta,  Sweet-scented  Water
Lily, Street water or White pond or Toad  Lily,
 Cow or  Water Cabbage, (F.)  Nenitjiliar  odorant.
An  indigenous plant, growing  in most  parts of
the  United States in  fresh  water ponds, and on
the  borders of streams, and having large white,
beautiful,  sweet-scented  flowers.   The  root  is
very astringent and bitter.  It is sometimes  made
into a poultice and used as a discutient.
  Nymphaea Umbilicalis, N. lutea.
  NYMPHE. Clitoris.
  NYMPHES. Nymphae.
  NYMPHI'TIS; from vvptjrn, 'the clitoris,'and
itis, denoting  inflammation.   Epiderrhi'tis, In-
 fiamma'tio   Clitor'idis.  Inflammation of the
clitoris.
  NYMPHOCLUIA, Nymphomania.
  NYMPHOMA'NIA, from wptpn, 'a bride,' and
pavta,  'fury;' Furor uteri'nus, Uteroma'nia, Lag-
ne'sis furor fernini'nus, Jletroma'nia, ^Etla'ogar'-
gains, ^Edivogargaris'mus, Thelygon'ia, Erotoma'-
nia, ^Edtiiiia'nia, Aidoioma'nia, Melancho'lia ute-
ri'na,  Nijinpliocht' in,   Sympto'ma  turpitu'dinis,
Androma'nia, Gynacoma'nia, Machlos'yne,  Ente-
lipathi'a, Teuti'go vene'rea, Hysterorna'nia, Sa-
1,ic"itas vulva, Uteri pruritus, Brachii'na, Artis'-
con, Arsa'tttm, CEstroina'nia, (F.) Nymphomanie,
 Fureur  utirine.  An irresistible and insatiable
desire, in females,  for the venereal act.  It occurs
in those particularly, who possess a. nervous tem-
perament,  and vivid  imagination, especially if
excited by improper language, masturbation, Ac.
Its   course,  as described, is as follows.   In the
commencement, the sufferer is a prey to perpetual
contests between feelings of modesty and impetu-
ous  desires.   At an after period, she abandons
herself to the latter, seeking no longer to restrain
them.   In  the last stage the obscenity is disgust-
ing;  and the  mental  alienation, for such  it is,
becomes complete.  The treatment consists in the
use of the same means as are required in the sa-
tyriasis of man.  When the mental alienation is
complete, solitude  is indispensable.
  NYMPHON'CUS.  from vup^n, 'the nympha,'
and  oysoc, 'a tumour.'  A morbid tumefaction of
the nymphae.
  NYMPHOT'OMY,  Xymphatom'ia.  Xympha'-
rum Sec'tio, (F.) Xjmphotomie, from vvutpn, and

                  4r€*t'i . .*.  ''.**' ■■ ■ "- ■'-  f'fftl  ,
&t
/
•<>' 
NYPHOZANTHUS  VULGARIS   640               OBLIQUE
rtpveiv, 'to cut.'  An operation, known and prac-
tised for a long time, which consists in the exci-
sion of the nymphae.  The operation is  had re-
course to, when they are attacked with scirrhus,
cancer, fungus, or gangrene; or when they are
so large  as to interfere with  walking or  coition.
Nyrnphotomy is the  circumcision of the  female.
It is practised in some countries.
0
0.
  OAK, BLACK, Quercus tinctoria—o. Common,
Quercus  robur — o.  Jerusalem,  Chenopodium
botrys.
  Oak Lungs, Lichen pulmonarius.
  Oak Orchard Acid  Springs.  These springs
—eight in number—are in Genesee  county, New
York, eight miles from Lockport.  They are acid
salines, consisting of free sulphuric acid, sulphate
of protoxide  of iron,  and sulphates  of alumina,
magnesia and lime.  They are powerfully astrin-
gent and tonic.
  Oak, Poison, Rhus  toxicodendron — o. Red,
Quercus rubra montana—o.  Sea, Fucus vesiculo-
sus— o.  Spanish,  Quercus rubra  montana — o.
White, Quercus alba.
  OARIOCYESIS, Pregnancy, ovarian.
  OARION,  Ovary.
  QARION'CUS, Oariophy'ma, Ova'rium tu'mi-
dum, Tumor Ova'rii, from oraptov, (diminutive of
mov,  'an  egg,') 'the ovarium,' and oyxos, 'swell-
ing.'  Ovarian tumour.
  OARIOPARECTAMA,   Oophoraux'e,  from
uaptov, 'ovarium,' and  iraptKreivtiv, 'to extend.'
Enlargement of the ovary.
  OARIORRHEX'IS,  from waptov,  'ovarium,'
and pnUs, 'rupture.' Ruptu'ra Ova'rii.  Rupture
of tbe ovary.
  OARIOT'OMY",  Oariotom'ia,  Ovariotom'ia,
Ovariot'omy, from taaptov, 'the ovarium,'and 7-0/07,
' incision.' The operation for removing the ovary.
  OARITIS. Oophoritis, Oori'tis,  Infiamma'tio
Ova'rii, Ovaritis, (F.) Inflammation de I'Qvaire,
from waptov, 'the ovarium,' and itis, the termina-
tion denoting inflammation.  Inflammation ofthe
ovarium.  When occurring in childhood, it is the
Lochoophoritis of some.
  OARIUM, Ovary.
  OARTHROC'ACE",  formed by contraction from
omo-arthrocace.  Said to be  used by Rust to de-
signate inflammation of the  scapulo-humeral ar-
ticular surfaces.—Nysten.
  OATMEAL, see Avena.
  OATS, Avena.
  OBAUDITIO, Baryecoia.
  OBAUDITUS, Baryecoia.
  OBC^ECATIO, Caecitas.
  OBDORMIT"IO, from ob, and dormio, dormi-
tum, 'to  sleep.'  The  state  of the limbs being
asleep ;—Stupor ar'tuum.
  OBDUCTIO  LEGALIS,  Autopsia cadaverica
legalis.
  OBEL^A RAPHE, Sagittal suture.
  OBESITAS,  Polysarcia—o.  Colli, Struma adi-
posa— 0. Nimia, Pimelosis — 0. Viscerum, Phys-
conia adiposa.
  OBESITE, Polysarcia.
  OBESITY, Polysarcia.
  OBESUS, Corpulent.
  OBFUSCATIO, Amaurosis.
  OBITUS,  Death.
  OBJECTIVE CONE.  The cone of light  pro-
  Some authors have used the term Nyrnphotomy
for amputation of the clitoris.
  NYPHOZANTHUS  VULGARIS, Nymphsea
lutea.
  NYSTAG'MUS.  A partial rotatory movement
of the eyeball  from side to side.  Also,  Coma
vigil.
  NYXIS, Puncture.
ceeding from an object, the apex of which is on
the object, and the base on the cornea.
  Objective Sensations, see Sensation.
  OBLINITIO, Inunction.
  OBLIQUE',  Obliquus,  Any thing inclined, or
which  deviates  from  the vertical  line.   Anato-
mists have given this name  to certain muscles,
which  have an  oblique direction as regards the
plane that divides the body  into two equal and
symmetrical halves.   These are:—
  Oblique  Muscles of the Abdomen.   They
are  two in  nifmber, and distinguished into:  1.
Obliquus Exter'nus Abdom'inis  seu desccn'denn
exter'nus seu descendens seu major, (F.) Ilio-pubn
costo-abdom'inal, Costo-abdom'inal (Ch.), Grand
oblique, Oblique  externe.   One of the broadest
muscles of the body.   It is situate at the lateral
and anterior part of the abdomen ; and is flat and
quadrilateral.   It is attached, above, to tbe outer
surface  and lower edge of the 7 or 8 last ribs:
below, to the anterior  third of the external lip of
the crista ilii:  before, it terminates at the linea
alba by means of a broad and  strong aponeurosis.
which covers the rectus, and presents towards its
inferior part  two very  solid fibrous  fasciculi,
which  are inserted,—the one at the symphysis,
the other at the spine of the  pubis, — under the
name of Pillars of the Abdominal Ring.  These
pillars  leave between them  an  opening, which
forms the inferior orifice  of  the inguinal canal.
The obliquus externus abdominis  depresses tbe
ribs, and carries them backwards during a strong
expiration.  It impresses  on  the  chest a move-
ment of rotation, and bends the thorax upon tbe
pelvis, and conversely.  It contracts, also, the ab-
dominal cavity.  2. Obliquus Inter'nus Abdomi-
nis  seu ascendens seu  minor seu  internus seu
ascendens internus, Mns'culus accli'vis, (F.) Ilio-
lombo-costo-abdominal, llio-ahdominal (Ch.), Mus-
cle petit oblique ou oblique interne, is broad, espe-
cially before; thin, and irregularly quadrilateral,
like  the preceding, beneath which  it is situate.
It is attached, above,  to the inferior edge of the
cartilages of the 5th, 4th, 3d, and 2d false ribs;
below, to the anterior two-thirds  of the interstice
of the crista ilii, to the posterior part of the crural
arch, and to the pubis; behind, to the spinous
processes ofthe last two lumbar vertebrae, and to
those of the first two portions of the sacrum ; be-
fore, to the linea alba.  Its upper fibres run obli-
quely upwards  and   forwards; the  middle are
horizontal; and the lower pass obliquely down-
wards and forwards.
  These last, in the  male,  are dragged down
through the inguinal  ring, when the testicle de-
scends,  and form the two fasciculi of  the cre-
master.
  The obliquus internus resembles the 0. exter-
nus in function.
  Oblique Muscles of the Eye, Amato'rii, Cir-
cumagen'tes, Rotato'res Oc'uli, are two in  number. 
OBLIQUE EXTERNE       641               OBTURATOR
They are distinguished into: 1. Obliquus Superior
Qcidi, Amnio'ritts inus'ciihis, Trochlea'ris,  Troch-
lea,'tor, Obliquus major.  Circumduct in'it is op'ifex,
itiiujis'simiis  oc'uli, (F.) Optico-trochlei scleroti-
cien, Grantl ti-oelilea/ettr (Ch.), Grand  oblique de
I'tril, 0. supirieitr fie I'idl, Amoureux (Muscle,) is I
situate at the inner and upper part of the orbit. |
It is small, round,  fusiform, and  reflected  upon I
itself in the middle of its course.   Behind, it is
attached to the  inside of the  foramen  opticum ;
and when it arrives opposite the internal  orbitar I
process, it becomes a  small, round tendon, which
slides  in a cartilaginous  pulley fixed to the  os
frontis, and is reflected,  at an acute angle, to pro-
 ceed  downwards  and  outwards,  and  to attach ]
 itself to the outer  and back part of the globe of
 the eye.  This muscle carries the globe of the eye
 forwards and inwards ; making it experience  a
 movement of rotation,  which directs  the  pupil
 downwards and inwards.  This is copceived to be
 an involuntary muscle  as well as the next.   In
 Bleep, according to Sir C. Bell, when  the power
 over the  straight or voluntary  muscles of  the
 organ is nearly lost, the eye is given up to the
 oblique muscles, which  lodge the transparent cor-
 nea under the upper eyelid.   At the approach of
 death, the same thing  is observable;  hence, the
 turning up of the eye, at  such time, is not  an
 evidence  of  agony or suffering, but of insensibi-
 lity.  2. Obllquns Life'rior seu minor octtli, (F.)
 Maxillo-scleroticien,  Petit  Ti ochleatenr  (Ch.),
 Petit oblique ou oblique inferienr  de I'tril, is situ-
 ate at the  anterior and  inferior part of the orbit.
 It is flat and attached  to the inner and  anterior
 part ofthe orbitar surface of  the  superior maxil-
 lary bone, on the outside of the lachrymal gutter;
 from thence it  pusses  outwards  and  backwards,
 and terminates by an aponeurosis, at the  poste-
 rior and inner part of  the globe  of the  eye.   It
 carries the globe of the  e3-e inwards and forwards ;
 and directs-the pupil upwards and outwards.
    Oblique Muscles of the Head.   These  are
 two in number.   1.  Obliquus Superior seu minor
  Cap'itis, (F.) Trachela-athiido-occipital,  Atloido-
 sotis-inastoidien (Ch.), Muscle  oblique supirieur on
  petit oblique de, la tete.  This muscle is situate at
  the sides  of, and  behind, the articulation  of the
  head: it is flat and attached,  on tbe one  hand, to
  the top of the transverse process ofthe atlas ; and,
  on the other, terminates at the occipital bone, be-
  neath tbe inferior curved line,  and  sometimes,
  also, at the mastoid region of the temporal bone.
  It extends the head,—inclining it to one side.  2.
  Obliquus  Inferior Capitis,  Obliquus  major, (F.)
  Spini-axo'ido-trachili-atltiidien, Axo'ido-atloidien
  (Ch.), Oblique inferienr on grand  oblique de la
  tete, is situate at the  posterior part  of  the neck
  and head.  It is round, fusiform ; attached to the
  spinous process of the axis, and  proceeds  to ter-
  minate behind and below the  summit of the trans-
  verse process of the atlas.  It impresses, on  the
  first vertebra and the head, a movement of rota-
  tion, which  turns the face to  one  side.
    Oblique Processes, see Vertebrae.
    OBLIQUE  EXTERXE,  Obliquus  externus
  abdominis — o. Grand, Obliquus externus abdo-
  minis— o. Grand de lodl, Obliquus superior ocu-
  li— o. Grand de la tete, Obliquus inferior  capitis
  — o. Inferienr de I'ceil, Obliquus inferior oculi —
  o, Infirieur de la tete,  Obliquus inferior  capitis—
  o. Interne, Obliquus internus  abdominis—o. Petit,
  Obliquus  internus abdominis— o. Petit de loeil,
  Obliquus  inferior oculi—o. Petit de la tSte, Obli-
 quus superior oculi — o. Stiprdeur de  lafl, Obli-
 quus superior oculi—o. Supirieur de la tete, Obli-
 quus superior  capitis.
    0BLIQU1TE DE  LA MATRICE, Retrover-
 sio uteri.
   OBLIQUUS ASCENDENS, 0. internus abdo-
       41
minis — o. Auris, Laxator tympani — o. Descen-
dens externus, 0. externus abdominis—o. Major,
0. externus abdominis,  0. inferior capitis, 0. su-
perior oculi — o. Minor, 0. internus abdominis —
o. Minor capitis, 0.-superior capitis — o.  Minor
oculi, 0. inferior oculi.
   OBLIT'ERATED, Ohlitera'tus;  from  oblite-
rare,  (ob, and  litera,)  'to  efface.'   A vessel or
duct is said  to be  obliterated, when  its parietes
have approximated and contracted such an adhe-
sion to each other that  the cavity has  completely
diappeared.
   OBLITERATIO COMPLETA, Hapantismus.
   OBLIVIO, Amnesia—o. Iners, Lethargy.
   OBLOBIUM, Antilobium.
   OB'OLUS, Onolosat.  A weight of 9 or 10 grains.
   OBSCO^NjE PARTES.  Genital organs.
   0BSCU1KTSSEMENTDE LA VIE, Caligo.
   OBSERVATION, Observa'tio,  (from  ob.  and
servare, servatitrn, 'to keep,' e. g. in sight.)  Terc'-
sis, Symjiaratere'sis.  Act of examining a thing
by means  of tbe external  senses.   This word is
employed in several acceptations.   It expresses
— 1. The action  of observing — 2. The aggregate
of knowledge, afforded by observation.   In French
—but not in English — it means the  case or his-
tory of the phenomena presented by a patient in
the course of a disease.
   OBSERVATION, Case —o.  Method  of,   Nu-
merical method.
   OBSTET'RIC, Obstet'riens, Obstet'rical; same
etymon as obstetrics.  Relating or appertaining
to obstetrics,—as 'obstetric auscultation,' 'obstet-
ric exploration,' Ac.
   Obstetric Chair, Labour-chair.
   OBSTETRICANS, Accoucheur.
   OBSTETRICS, frora  Obstetric,  'a midwife.'
(obstare,ob, and  stare, 'to stand  before.')  Tokol-
ogy, Tocology, Maid a, Macei'a, Mad'a, Maeeu'-
tica ars,  Ars obstetric"ia, Obstet'ricy, (F.)  Ob-
stitriqne.   The  art of midwifery.    Midwifery
in general.
   OBSTETRICY, Obstetrics.
   OBSTETIIIQUE, Obstetrics.
   OBSTETRIX, Midwife.
   OBSTIPATTO,  Constipation—o.   Tenesmus,
 Tenesmus.
   Obstipatio, see Hump.
   OBSTIPITAS, Torticollis—o. Capitis seu Colli,
 Torticollis.
   OBSTRUCTIO, Emphraxis, Stegnosis—o. Al-
 vi, Constipation — o. Ductfis Alimentarii, Consti-
 pation— o.  Ductfis  Stenoniani, Stenostenosis —
 o. Intestinalis, Constipation—o. Recti Spastica,
 Stricture  of the Bectum,  spasmodic — o. Pulmo-
 num pituitosa febrilis,  Peripneumonia notha.
   OBSTRUCTION  OF  THE  INTESTINES,
  Enteremphraxis.
   OB'STRUENS, from obstruo, (ob,  andstruere,
  'to build,) ' I stop up by building  against.'   Op-
  pilati'vus.  A medicine which closes the orifices
  of ducts or vessels.
    OBSTUPEFACTENTIA, Narcotics.
    OBTONDAXT, Obtundens.
   OBTRUNCATIO, Decollation.
   OBTUMESCENTIA, Mutitas.
    OBTUN'DENS, (F.)  Obtondant,   from obtnn-
  dere, (ob and tuiidere, ' to beat,') ' to beat against,'
  and therefore to blunt the edge.   An epithet ap-
  plied to remedies  that were  supposed, according
  to an erroneous theory,  to  be  possessed of the
  power of blunting the acrimony of the humours.
  A demulcent is  one of these.
    OBTURAMENTUM, Emphragma.
    OBTURA TEUR, Obturator.
    OBTURATEUR DU PALAIS,  Palate, arti-
 ficial.
   OBTURATIO.  Emphraxis.
   OBTURATOR, Obturato'rius, (F.) Obturateur, 
OBTURATOR  ARTERY       642               OCCIPITAL
from obturare, (akin to  Svpa,  'a door,'[?])  'to'
close,'  ' stop up the entrance.'   A name given in
anatomy, to several parts.
  Obturator Artery, Arteria obturato'ria  seu
obtura'trix, (F.) Sous-pubio fimorale (Ch.), Artere
obtiiratrice, arises, most  commonly, frora the  hy-
p igastric. It is,  however, frequently given off
from the epigastric; a matter of importance to be
determined in cases of  femoral hernia.   Of  500
ooturator  arteries examined by  M. J. Cloquet,
:; t-0 were furnished by the hypogastric, and 152
by the epigastric or crural.  When it arises from
the hypogastric, it passes forwards and outwards,
and then turns horizontally into the cavity of the
pelvis, to issue from this cavity by the opening
left at the upper part of the obturator membrane.
 When,  on the contrary,  the  obturator  artery
 arises  from  the epigastric or  the  crural, it de-
 scends  obliquely inwards, behind the os pubis,
 to the obturator  foramen.  At its exit from the
 pelvis, the artery divides  into two branches, a
 posterior and an  anterior, which are distributed
 to the muscles of the anterior  and superior  part
 of the thigh.
    Obtura'tor  Fora'men, Fora'men  Obturato'-
 riuin  seu obtnra'tum  seu  infra-pitbia'nuin seu
 ova'le seu thyro'ideum seu Thyro'i'des seu Amphiin
 Pelvis, (F.) Trou sous-pubien.   A large opening,
 of an oval or triangular  form, in the anterior part
 of the os innominatum, on the outside of the sym-
 physis pubis and beneath the horizontal ramus
 of  the  os pubis.  This  foramen  is closed by a
 membranous ligament.
    Obturator  Ligament  or  Membrane,  Sub-
 pubic membrane, is a fibrous membrane,  fixed to
 tbe whole circumference of the  obturator fora-
 men, except above, where an opening remains for
 the passage ofthe vessels and  nerves ofthe same
 name.
    Obturator Muscles, Obturato'res,  Rotato'res
 fem'oris.  These are two in number.  They are
 divided into
    rr.  Obturator Exter'nus, Extra-pelvio-pubi-tro-
 iliantirien, Sous-pnbio-trochanterien externe (Ch.)
 A muscle, situate at the anterior and  inner part
 of the thigh.  It is broad,  flat, and  triangular;
 and is attached,  on the  one hand, to the  anterior
  surface of the os pubis, to  that  of the  ischium,
  and to the anterior surface of the obturator liga-
  ment.   Its fleshy fibres converge  to the tendon,
  which proceeds to be inserted  at the inferior part
  of the cavity of the great trochanter.   This  mus-
  cle rotates the thigh outwards.
     b.  Obturator Inter'nits, Marsttpiti'lis, Bnrsa'Us,
  lntra-j)elvio-trochanterien, Sons-pubio-trochante-
  rien  interne (Ch.) is seated, almost entirely, in the
  pelvis.   It arises  from the inner surface of the
  obturator ligament, and from the  posterior part
  of the circumference of  the  obturator foramen,
  and  is  inserted, by means  of a  strong tendon,
  running between the two portions of the gemini,
  into the cavity at the root  of the great  trochan-
  ter; after having turned upon the ischium, which
  forms for it a kind of pulley.   This  muscle also
  rotates the thigh outwards.
     Obturator Nerve, Soits-pubio-fimoral, (Ch.),
  proceeds principally from the 2d and 3d lumbar
  nerves.  It descends into tbe pelvis; gains  the
  obturator foramen ; gives branches to the  obtu-
  rator muscles, and divides, behind the  abductor
  primus and  pectinalis, into  two branches; one
  anterior, whose branches are distributed to  the
  first  two adductors, gracilis, and integuments;
  the other, posterior, distributing its ramifications
  to the obturator externus and third adductor.
     Obturator Vein has,  ordinarily, the same ar-
  rangement as the artery. Itis common,  however,
  to find it arising from  the epigastric; whilst the
corresponding artery proceeds from the hypogas-
tric, and conversely.
  The terra obturator,  (F.) Obturateur, is, also,
applied to an  instrument, adapted for closing an
opening caused by a, wound or disease.
  OBTURATORES, Obturator muscles.
  OBYOLVENTIA, Demulcents.
  OCA, Oxalis tuberosa.
  OCC.ECATIO, Civcitas.
  OCCIP'ITAL,  Occipitalis.  That  which be
longs to the occiput.
  Occipital Artery.   This arises from tbe pop.
terior part of the external carotid,  beneath the
parotid.  It proceeds backwards, passes between
the  mastoid  process and the transverse process
of the atlas;  reaches  the occipital  bone and  di-
vides  into two  branches, which  may  be  called
ascending posterior and  anterior, and are  distri-
buted to the neighbouring muscles and ligaments,
  Occip'ital Bone, Os occip'itis seu occipit'ii seu
occipita'le seu spheno-basila're seu memo'ria seu
nervo'sum sen basita're seu prora sen pyx'idis sen
sextitin era'nii seu lambdoi'des seu lambda seu
lauda sen puppis seu nervo'sum sen fibro'sum seu
 pelvicephalicum, (F.)  Os occipital,  is  situate at
the posterior and  inferior part of  tbe cranium,
 which it assists in forming.   It is flat, symmetri-
 cal, and curved  upon  itself.   It presents,  1.  An
 occipital or posterior  surface, which  is convex,
 and has, upon the median line, the  basilary sur-
 face, the foramen magnum, through which  passes
 the spinal marrow with its membranes and ves-
 sels,—the external occipital crest, the external oc-
 cipital protuberance; and, at the sides, the upper
 curved line, large rough arched ridge, or transverse
 arch or linea semicircularis, the lower curved line,
 the posterior condyloid fossa, the condyles  for  the
 articulation of this bone with the atlas; and  the
 anterior  condyloid fossa, pierced by a foramen
 for the passage of the  ninth pair of nerves. 2. A
 cerebral or anterior surface.  On the median line
 are: the basilary fossa, the  inner orifice  of  the
 foramen magnum, the  internal occipital crest,  the
 internal  occipital protuberance, the  cruciform
 spine ; a channel, which  lodges the termination
 of the straight  sinus,  and on each side, the occi-
 pital fossa,  distinguished into superior or cere-
 bral, and inferior or cerebellous,  and separated by
 a groove which  lodges the lateral sinus.   3. The
 surfaces of  the occipital bone are  separated by
 four ridges  and four  angles.  The two superior
 edges are articulated with the parietal bones; the
 two lower join the temporal;  and the anterior
 angle, under tbe name basilary ptrocese, is united
 to the sphenoid.
    The  occipital  bone  is developed  from four
 points  of ossification;  and sometimes  from  a
 greater number.
    Occipital Muscle, Occipitalis.  Many ana-
 tomists  have given this name  to  the posterior
 fasciculus of the occipito-frontalis.
    Occipital Nerve,  Sub-occipital  nerve,  (F.)
  Premiere paire traehelienne  (Ch.),  Nerf occipital
 ou sous occipital.   It  arises  from  the upper part
 of the spinal marrow by eight  or  ten filaments,
  united in two  fasciculi.  Thus  formed, it passes
  between the foramen  magnum and the posterior
  arch of the atlas; and, at this place, forms a long
  ganglion, afterwards dividing into  two branches.
  Of these, the anterior, which is long and small,
  makes a turn above the transverse process of tho
  atlas  and forms  an  anastomotic noose with a
  branch of the second cervical nerve.  The poste-
  rior branch, larger and shorter,  divides into seven
  or eight branches, which are distributed to the
  muscles of the upper and back  part of the neck.
    Occipital Region, Occiput.
    Occipital Vein.   Its  roots follow exactly the
  course of the  branches of the  artery, and unite 
OCCIPITIUM
04 3
OCYTOCUS
into a single trunk, which opens into the internal I
jugular vein, and sometimes into the external.
  OCCIPITIUM, Occiput.
  OCCIP'ITO-AT'LOID, Oceipito-atloideus, (F.)
Occipito-atloidien.  That which has reference to
the occiput and atlas.
  Occipito-Atloid  Articulation  is the articu-
Iilion of the condyles of the occipital bone with
 the superior articular cavities of the atlas.  It is
 strengthened by two ligaments ; the one anterior,
 the  other  posterior, called occipito-atloid liga-
 ments:  the one  extends from  the anterior,  the
 other from the posterior, arch of the atlas, to the
 curresponding portion ofthe circumference  ofthe
 foramen  magnum.
   OCCIPTTO-AX'OID, Occipito-axoideus, (F.)
 Otcipito-axiiidien.  That  which  relates to  the
 occipital bone and the axis or second vertebra..
   Occipito-axoid Articulation is the connex-
 ion of the occipital bone with the axis  or second
 vertebra, although  these bones are not  really ar-
 ticulated, but are merely retained in apposition
 by three strong ligaments, the posterior of  which
 is  called the occipito-axoid, and the  two others
 odontoid.
   OCCIPITO-FRONTA'LTS,  Digas'tricus cra'-
 nii, Epicra'ttius, Fronta'lis  et occipitalis.   The
 majority of anatomists call by this  name  the
 whole of tbe fleshy plane, with the epicranial or
 coronal  aponeurosis,  (see Calotte,) which  covers
 the head from  the occiput to the forehead.   It is
 attached, by its  posterior  fasciculus,  to the  two
 outer thirds of the  upper curved line of the occi-
 pital bone, and to the outer surface of the mas-
 toid portion of the  temporal; and, by its anterior
 fasciculus, it terminates at the eyebrow, where it
 becomes confounded with the superciliaris, pyra-
 midalis  nasi, and orbicularis palpebrarum.
    The occipito-frontalis, by the contraction of its
 anterior fasciculus, draws  forward a part  of the
 integuments of the  cranium.  It wrinkles the
 skin of  the forehead transversely, and  may, also
 contribute  to open  the eye by its decussation with
 the orbicularis palpebrarum.   The posterior fas-
 ciculus of the  muscle  draws backwards a part of
 the skin ofthe cranium, and assists in  stretching
 t'oe cotnmon aponeurosis.
    OCCIP'ITO-MENINGE'AL.  That  which be-
 longs to the occipital  bone, and to the meninge
 or dura mater.
    Occipito-meningeal Artery,  in  Chaussier's
 nomenclature, is a branch of the vertebral, given
 off to the dura mater at its entrance into  the
 cranium.
    OCCIPUT. Occipit'ium (oh, and caput), Regia
 occipitalis, In'ion, Opisthocra'niuin,Opistliocejih'-
 ttlnn, Hysterocra'nium, Prora,  Occipi'tittm.  The |
 back  part  of the head, formed by the occipital
 bone.
    Occiput, Soft, Crnniotabes.
    OCOLU'SION,  Occlu'sio,  Myee, from  oceht-
 tlere. ocelusitm,  ' to  shut up.'  Sometimes  this
 word signifies, simply, the transient  approxima-
 tion of  the edges of a natural  opening — the oc-
 clusion  of the eyelids,  for  example ; at others it
 is synonymous  with  imperforation, as occlusion
 of the pupil, rnt/ina, Ac.
    OCCULT DISEASES, see Latent.
    OCEAN SPRINGS, see Mississippi, Mineral
 waters of.
    OCHE MA. Vehicle.
    OCIIETEUMATA, Nares.
    OCHETOS.  Canal.
   OCIIEUS. Scrotum.
   OHILE'SIS. from  ox^og, 'a crowd.'   A term, j
 applied  by Dr. George Gregory to a morbid con- I
 tlition induced by the crowding together of  sick j
 persons  under  one  roof.
   OC1IREA RUBRA, Haematites.
  OCTTRIASIS. Paleness.
  OCMROMA, Paleness.
  OCHROPYRA. Fever,  yellow.
  OCHROTES, Paleness.
  OCIIROTYPHUS. Fever, yellow.
  OCHTHIASIS, Molluscum.
  OCHTIIODES, Callous.
  OCIMUM ADSCENDENS, 0. Basilicum.
  Oci'mum  Basil'icum, 0. adscen'dens sen pilo'-
surn  seu racemo'sum  sen  citra'titm, Beren'daros,
Basiliciiin, B. majus seu citm'tum. Common or
Citron basil, (F.) Basilic commun ; SlKipov, from
w/ci'j,  'swift,' owing  to its swift growth.  Nat.
Ord.  Labiatsv.   Sex. Syst.  Didynnmia Gymno-
spermia.  This herb has a  fragrant  odour  and
aromatic taste.  It is used  as  a condiment, and
has been supposed to possess nervine properties.
  0cimum  Caryophylla'tum, 0.  min'imum,
Small or Bush basil.  Possesses properties similar
to the former.  It is  sometimes used as snuff.
  Ooimum  Citratum, 0.  Basilicum — o. Pilosum,
0. Basilicum—o.  Racetnosum, 0. Basilicum.
  OCOTEA AMARA, Nectandra cymbarum—o.
Cymbarum, Nectandra cymbarum—o. Pichurim,
see  Pichurim beans — o. Puchury, see Pichurim
beans.
   OCREA, Hippocampus minor, Shin.
  OCTA'NA,  Hebdomrida'ria, Fcbris hebdoma-
da'ria, from octo, ' eight.'  A fever whose parox-
ysms recur every week ;—a  supposititious case.
  OCTA'RIUS.  A  pint.  The eighth part of  a
wine-gallon.   Same  etymon.   It  contains six-
teen fluidounces (Ph. U.  S.),—20 fluidounces im-
perial measure.
   OCTOPUS, Synapheocephalus, Hemipages.
   OCTUNX, from octo,  'eight,' and  uncia, 'an
ounce.'  A weight of eight ounces.
   OCULAR, Ocnla'ris,  (F.) Oculaire, from ocu-
lus,  'an eye.'   Of or belonging to the eye.
   Ocular Cone. The  cone formed  within  the
eye  by a pencil  of rays  proceeding from an  ob-
ject: the base of the cone  being on the cornea,
—the apex on the retina.
   OCULARES COMMUNES,  Motnrcs oculorum
—o. Dentes. Canine teeth.
   OCULARIA, Euphrasia officinalis.
   OCULI MARMARYGODES.  Metamorphop-
sia— o.  Palpebrarum scabies  pruriginosa, Oph-
thalmia tarsi.
   OCULIST, Octtlis'ta,  Ophtliahnia'ter, Med'Icus
ocula'rins seu ophthalmicus,  from  oculits, 'an
 eye.'  One who occupies  himself, chiefly,  with the
 management of diseases of the eye.
   OCULISTIQUE. Ophthnlmolosrv.
   OCULO-MUSCULAR NERVES,  COMMON,
 Motores oculorum.
   OCULUM MOVENS  PRIMUS, Rectus inter-
nus oculi—o. Movens  quartos, Rectus inferior
oculi—o. Movens secundus. Rectus externus oculi
—o.  Movens tertius, Rectus superior oculi.
   OCULUS, Eye — o. Bovinus, Hydrophthalmia
— o. Bovis. Chrysanthemum leucanthemum —  o.
Bubulus, Hydrophthalmia—o. Caesius, Glaucoma
— o.  Duplex. Binoculus — o. Elephantinus, Hy-
drophthalmia—o. Genu,  Patella—o. Lacrymans,
 Epiphora — o. Purulentns,  Hypopyon—o. Sim-
plex, see  Monoculus—o. Typhonis, Scilla.
   OCYMUM!, see Ocimuin — o. Sylvestre, Clino-
podium vulgare.
   OCY'HiYNIC. Ocyfocic.
   OCYPH'ONUS, from  vkoc, 'quick.' and tpovos,
'murder.'   An agent that kills speedily.
   OCYTOCEUS,' Ocyfocic.
   OCYTOCTC, Oxytocic. Oeytoc'eus,   Ocytoc'lns,
 Ocr/t'ocus,  Ocyody'nic.   Ot/inatpi'giis.  from o£uf,
' quick,' and roKm;, '  labour.'  Any thing  that ex-
pedites parturition.
   OCYTOCIUS.  Ocyfocic.
   OCYTOCUS, Ocyfocic. 
OD
644
ODONTRYPT
  OD.  A  term,  employed by  Reichenbach to
designate an " effective force," which, according
to him,  not only manifests itself in contact with
man,  as in the case  of  magnets, crystals, the
hands, Ac, but, also,  at  distances, as  from the
sun, moon, and stars — indeed  from  all matter.
Such  a  force is termed by him odic.
   ODAXIS'MUS,   Odaxes'mus,  Odontocne'sis,
Odontocnes'mus, oba^r/opos; a sensation  of biting
or pricking, as that  in the gums which precedes
the appearance of the  teeth.
   ODES.  A suffix,  see Eidos.
   ODEUR, Odour.
   ODIC, see Od.
   ODIN, Pains, (labour.)
   ODINAGOGUS. Ocytocic.
   OD1NOI/YSIS, from oStv, 'labour pains,' and
Xvoic, 'solution.'   Mitigation of labour pains.
   ODINOPCE'A, from oSiv,  'labour  pains,' and
Toitta, ' I  make.'   Agents  that encourage  labour
pains.
   ODTS. Pains, labour.
   ODME,  Odour.
   ODONTAGOGON, Dentagra.
   ODON'TAGRA, from above, obovros, 'a  tooth,'
and aypa, 'a seizure.' A rheumatic or  gouty
pain in  the teeth.   Dentagra.
   ODONTAL'GIA,  from  obovs, obovros, 'a  tcoth,'
and aXyos, 'pain.'  Den'tium  dolor, Toothaeh,
Odon'tia, 0. doloro'sa, Gomphi'asis,  Gompht'as'-
mus, Odontodyn'ia, (F.) Doulcur des dents, Flux-
ion sur  les  dents, Mai de dent ou d'amour.   A dis-
ease dependent upon a variety of causes affecting
the cavity  of the tooth ; but generally  owing to
caries, which exposes the  cavity to the action of
the  air, and to extraneous  matters  in general.
Hence,  the treatment consists  in plugging the
tooth, or destroying the sensibility of the nerve
by powerful stimulants ; and, if these means fail,
in extracting the tooth.
   Odontalgia Cariosa,   Dental  gangrene—o.
Dentitionis, Dentition—o. Ha?modia,  Haemodia.
   Odontalgia Ni:rvo'sa, Neuralgia Denta'lis.
Neuralgia  of tbe teeth.   Characterized  by pe-
riodical pain, shooting with  the utmost violence
along the branches ofthe  fifth pair distributed to
the affected jaw.
   Odontalgia  Remittf.ns  et  Intermittens,
Neuralgia  infra-orbitaria.
   ODONTALGIC. Anti-odontalgic.
   ODONTAMBLYOiiMUS.  Haemodia.
   ODONTII.EMODIA, Haemodia.
   ODONTIIARPAGA. Dentagra.
   ODONTIIYPERiESTIIESIS, Hsemodia.
   ODONTIA, Odontalgia.
   Odon'tia Defor'mis.   Deformity of  the teeth
from  error of shape, position, or number.—Good.
   Odontia Dentitionis Lactantium, see  Denti-
tion (first)—o. Dentitionis puerilis, see Dentition
(second) — o. Edentula, see  Nefrendes — o. Ex-
crescens, Epulis—o. Incrustans, Odontolithos—o.
Stuporis.  Hwmodia.
   ODONTIASIS, Dentition.
   ODONTIATER, Dentist.
   ODONTIATRIA, Dentistry.
   ODONTIC, Anti-odontalgic.
   ODONTITIS,  Odontophleg'mone.  from  oboes,
obovros. 'a tooth,' and ?'r?'8,  denoting inflammation.
Inflammation of the teeth.
   ODONTOBOTHRITIS, Odontophatni'tis, In-
fiamma'tio  alveola'rum,   frora odontobothrinm,
(obovs, obovros, 'a tooth,' and QoSciov,  'alveolus,')
and itis,  denoting inflammation.   Inflammation
of the alveoli.
   ODONTOBOTHRIUM. Alveolus.
   ODONTOCLA'SIS,  frora  obovs,  obovros, 'a
tooth,'  and xXaats, 'fracture;  Fractu'ra  den'tis.
Fracture of a tooth.
   ODONTOCNESIS, Odaxismus.
   ODONTOCNESMUS. Odaxismus.
   ODONTODES, Odontoid.
   ODONTODYNIA, Odontalgia.
   ODONTOG"ENY,  Odontogen'ia, from obovs,
 obovros, 'a tooth,' and ytveois, 'generation.'   (le-
 neration or mode of development of the teeth.
   ODONTOGLYPHON,  Dentiscalpium,  Cum
 lancet.
   ODONTOGLYPHUM,  Dentiscalpium, Gum
 lancet.
   ODONTOGRAPHY,   Odontograph'ia,  from
 obovs, obovros, ' a tooth,' and ypatbn, ' a description.
 A description  of the teeth.
   ODONTOID, Odontoi'des, Odonto'des, Denti-
 form'is, Denta'lis, Dento'idcus, Pyreno'i'des, from
 obovs, obovros,  'a tooth,' and  £i<5o{, 'shape,' 're-
 semblance.'  An epithet given  to  the  Processus
 dentatiis of the second vertebra or axis.
   Odontoid Lig'aments, Ligamen'ta ala'ria sen
 Mauchar'ti, (F.) Ligaments odonto'idiens, are  two
 strong  and  short  conical fasciculi, whose trun-
 cated summits embrace  the sides of the odontoid
 process, and whose bases are fixed in  the fossa;
 at the inner side of the  condyles of the occipital
 bone.   Their direction is obliquely  outwards and
 slightly upwards.   They enter into the composi-
 tion ofthe occipito-axoid articulation, strengthen
 the junction  of  the head  with  the  vertebral
 column, and limit ^he movement  of rotation of
 the atlas on the axis.
   Other ligamentous fibres pass from the highest
 portion of the processus dentatus to the anterior
 margin of the foramen magnum of the occipital
 bone—con Stitu ting the Ligamen'turn suspenso'rium
 dentis.
   ODONTOL'ITHOS,  (F.)   Odontolithe,  from
 obovs, obovros,  'a tooth,' and  XiSos,  'a stone.'  A
 sort of incrustation, of a yellowish  colour, which
 forms at the coronae of  the teeth, and  is called
 Tartar, Tar'tarits Den'tiiirn, Odon'tia inrriis'tans,
 Calculus denta'lis,  (F.)  Tartre des dents, T.  den-
 taire.  It consists of seventy-nine parts of phos-
 phate of lime; twelve and a.  half of mucus;  one
 of a particular salivary  matter, and seven and n
 half of animal substance, soluble in chlorohydric
 acid.   A species of infusoria, Dentic'ola hom'inis,
 has been found in it.
   ODONTOL'OGY,  Odontolog"ia.  from olovs,
 obovros, 'a  tooth,'  and  Xoyos. 'a discourse.'   An
 anatomical treatise of the teeth.
   ODONTONECROSIS. Dental gangrene.
 '  ODONTOPARALLAXIS, from  obovs, obovros,
 'a  tooth,' and vnpaXXa^ts, 'deviation.'  Irregu-
 larity and obliquity of the teeth; (Prov.) Snaggle
 teeth.
   ODONTOPHATNE, Alveolus.
   ODONTOPHATNITIS,  Odontobothritis.
   ODONTOPLEROSIS, see  Filling.
   ODONTOPHYTA, Dentition.
   ODONTOPRISIS, Brygmus,  Stridor dentinm.
   ODONTOSEI'SIS,  Odoiitosds'mus,  Den'tium
 vacillan'tia, from   obovs, obovros, 'a  tooth,' and
 oeiots, 'shaking.'  Looseness of the teeth.
   ODONTOSEISMUS, Odontoseisis.
   ODONTOSMEGMA,  Dentifrice.
   ODONTOSPIIACELTSIS, Dental gangrene.
   ODONTOSPHACELISMUS, Dental gangrene.
   ODONTOSTERE'SIS, from  obovs,  obovros. 'a
 tooth,'  and artprjats,  'privation.'   Loss  of  tbe
 teeth.
   ODONTOSYNERISM'US, from  otovs,  obovms,
 'a tooth,' and nvvtpitytv,' to strike together;' (F.)
 Claquenient.   Chattering of the teeth.
   ODONTOTECIINY,  Dentistry.
   ODONTOTHERAPIA, Dentistry.
   ODONTOTRTMMA.  Dentifrice.
   ODONTOTRYPY, Odontrypy.
   ODONTRYPY, Odoutol'rypy,  Odciitotn/p'ia,
1 from  obovs, obovros,  'a tooth,'  and rpvnaoi, T  per- 
ODORAMENTUM           6 45               CENOLOT1F
foratc'  The operation of perforating a tooth to
evacuate purulent matter  confined in the cavity
of the pulp.
  ODORAMENTUM,  Odoriferum.
  OUO It A XT, see Odour.
  ODOR AT, Olfaction.
  ODORATIO, Olfaction.
  ODORATUS, Olfaction—o.  Deperditus, Anos-
mia.
  ODORIF'ERUM,  from odor, otloris, 'odour,'
and fero, T carry ;' Odonaiieu'tuin.   A medicine
that gives odour or flavour.  A scent.  A perfume.
   ODOROUS, see Odour.
   ODDS, Way.
   O'DOUR, Odor, Odme, Osme, (F.) Odeur.  A
 smell.   Odours are  subtle  particles, constantly
 escaping from the surface of certain bodies hence
 called o'dorous, (F.)  O'lorant.   They act, in some
 manner, by actual contact with the  nerves  of the
 Schneiderian membrane, and give occasion to the
 sense of smell or olfaction.
   ODOUS, see Teeth.
   OD'YNE, obirvn, 'pain,' Dolor, Odyne'ma.  A
 very common suffix  to words;  as in Pleurodyne.
   ODYNBMA, Odyne.
   (EOI')MA'NIA, Oikeioma'nia, from oikuos, 'be-
 longing to a household or family,' and mania. A
 firm of moral  insanity, characterized by domes-
 tic perversity.
   (EOOXOMIA,  Economy—ce. Animalis, Phy-
 siology.
   (EI)ALICUS, CEdematous.
   (EDALIUS, (Edematous.
   (EDE'MA,  from oibeor, T am swollen.'  Hy-
 dmn'cus, (Eleinat'ia,  Hyderon'cus,  Hydaton'cus,
 Iliptrnnede'ma, Hydrede'ina, Hydrops cellula'ris
 ar'tttiiui, Phlegma'tia,  Leucophlegma'tin, Ecphy'-
 ititiceiieniat'iciun, (F.) (EdZoie, (Edematie, En/lure.
  Swelling produced by  the accumulation  of a se-
 rous fluid  in the interstices of the areolar texture.
  This  swelling is  soft; yields under the finger;
  preserves  the  impression for some time,  and is
  pale and  without  pain.  It presents the  same
  characters as anasarca, which  is general oedema.
  Its etiology and  treatment are also the same.
  See Anasarca.
    (Edema Acutum,  see Anasarca.
    (Edema  Arsesica'lis.  The  swelling  of the
  eyelids and face, induced by continued use ofthe
  preparations of arsenic.
    (Edema  Calidum, see Anasarca — ce.  Capitis,
  Hydrocephalus externus.
    (Eoe'm v Cer'ebri, (F.)  (Elerne  du cerveau.
  (Edema of the brain.   A condition  of the cerebral
  pulp, in which there  is an infiltration of serous
  fluid into  it, so that it appears more  moist or wa-
  tery than  common ; and, when sliced or pressed,
  small drops of water are seen  to ooze out.
    (Edema, Compact,  Induration of the cellular
  tissue—ce. Cruentutn, Suggillation—ce. Febrile,
  see  Anasarca — oe.   Fugax,  Anathymiasis—ce.
  Hysterica in, Anathymiasis.
    (Edema of the Glottis, (E. glot'tidis, (Edcni'-
  ntntis Laryngitis or angina, Laryngitis snbrniico'sa
  Feu anlemato'sa seu sero-purulen'ta, Hydrops glot'-
  tidis, Angi'na aqno'sa seu  larynge'a oedemato'sa,
  Siibmit'cous Laryngitis,  (F.)  Laryngite cedima-
  tntse, L. trdfinateiise et siro-purnlente ou stts-glot-
  tique ou saits-mnqueuse, Angine laryngee cetletna-
  t'-nse, (Elerne  de ta glotte.  A disease consisting
  of  serous  or  sero-purulent infiltration  into the
  submucous tissue of  the glottis.   The symptoms
  resemble those of croup; but the disease  attacks
  the adult  rather than the child.  The age is, in-
  deed, a principal means  of diagnosis between the
  two affections.
    The disease is almost always fatal. The treat-
  ment has  to vary according to the  accompanying
 general symptoms.
  (Edema Lacteum, Phlegmatia dolens.
  (Edema of  the Lungs, IE. pulmo'num, Pneu-
moch'ysis, Pneunionoede'ina.  Hydrops  seu ana-
sar'ca   Pulmo' num,   Hydropneumo' nia,   (F.)
OSddne du poumon.  Laennec has so called the
infiltration of serum into the tissue of the lung,
carried  to such  an extent  as  to diminish its
permeability  to  air.   It  is  not an  uncommon
sequela of pneumonia, and  the major exanthe-
mata.  The respiration is laborious; the respira-
tory murmur  scarcely perceptible, although the
thorax is largely  expanded, and there is a slight
rale crepitant, particularly at the base  and infe-
rior part of the lung.  The sound on  percussion
is clear, and on both sides equally so.   The cough
is attended with aqueous expectoration.  In some
eases the  respiration  becomes peurile in a small
portion of the summit of the lung.
  (Edema Neonatorum,  Induration ofthe cellu-
lar tissue — ce. Palpebrarum, Hydroblepharon —
oe.  Puerperarum, Phlegmatia dolens—ce. Pulmo-
num, (Edema of  the lungs—oe.  Pulmonum chro-
nicuin, Hydropneuinonia — oe.  Scroti  aquosum,
Oschydrcedema — oe. Scroti cruentum, Oschsema-
toedeina—oe. Scroti purulentum, Oscheopyoedema
— oe.  Scroti  urinosutn, Urocele  — ce.  Spasticum,
Anathymiasis—oe. Uvulus, Staphyloedema.
  CEDEMATIA, (Edema.
   (EDEMATIE, CEdema.
  (EDEMATOSARCA, (Edemosarca.
  CEDEMATOSCHEOCE'LE,  (Edernoscheoce'le,
 Oscheoce'le oedemat'ica.   Oscheocele with oedema
of  the scrotum.
   CEDEM'ATOUS,  CEdemato'sns,  (Edemat'icus,
 (Edemato'des,  CEdaVins,  GE'lal'icus, Edem'atoiis,
(F.)  (Edemateux.   Affected  with oedema,  (F.)
 (Edematie, of the nature  of oedema.
   CEDE ME,  C3demu— ce.  du  Cerveau,  ffidema
cerebri — ce.  Douloureux  des femmes en couche,
 Phlegmatia dolens—oe. des Nouvelles  accoitclties,
 Phlegmatia  dolens — ce. act if  des Nouvelles uc-
couchies, Phlegmatia  dolens — oe.  de  la  Glotte,
 (Edema of the glottis — oe.  de  la  Glotte, Angina
 oedematosa — oe. du Tissu celhilaire des nouveau-
 nis. Induration of tbe  cellular tissue.
   (EDKMOSAR'CA, (Ede.matosar'ca.   A species
 of  tumour mentioned  by M. A. Severinus, which
 holds a middle place between oedema and sarcoma.
   GEDEMOSCHEOCELE, (Ederaatoscbeocele.
   CEIL,  Eye—ce. de Btrnf, Anthemis tinctoria—
 oe. Double, Binoculus—oe. tie Lievre, Lagophthal-
 raus—oe. Simple, see Monoculus.
    Q3ILLET GIROFLEE,  Dianthus caryophyl-
 lus.       v
   (EILLIERE, Scaphium oculare.
   ffiNANTHE,  (E.  croca'ta  seu  charophylli,
 fo'liis, Hemlock dropwort, Hemlock water-drop-
 wort.  Nat.  Ord. Umbelliferae.   Sex. Syst.  Pen-
 tandria Digynia, from oivos, 'wine,' and avSos, 'a
 flower;'  its  flowers  smelling like  the vine.   A
 violent  poison  of  the acro-narcotic  class.   Its
 juice has been recommended in certain cutaneous
 diseases ; but it  is scarcely ever used.  It is em-
 ployed in fomentations.
    QSnanthe  Aquatica, Phellandrium aquaticum
 —oe. Phellandrium, Phellandrium aquaticum—ce.
 Striata rigida, Seseli tortuosum.
    (ENELjE'ON, frora oivos, ' wine,'  and eXatov,
 'oil.'  A mixture of oil and wine.—Galen.   Also,
 rectified spirit or alcohol.
    (ENOG'ALA, otvoynXa, from  oivos,  'wine,' and
 yn.Au, 'milk,'—'a mixture of wine  and milk.'
 According to some, wine as warm as new milk.
    (ENOG'ARON,  Garum vino mistum.    Wine
 mixed with  garum.—Aetius.
    CENOLA TURE, see Vinum.
    (ENOLE, see Vinum.
    CENOLOTIF (F.).   A  name given  by  M. 
CENOIDES                64G                  OGLA
Beral to a medicine intended  for external use,
whose excipient is wine.
  (ENOIDES. Vinous.
  (ENOMA'NIA,  Oinoma'nia, frora oivos, ' wine,'
and mania.   Delirium tremens.  Properly, wine-
mania.   An insatiable desire  for intoxicating
liquors.
  CE'NOMEL,  CEiiom'e/i, from  oivos, 'wine,' and
pcXt, 'honey.'  Mel vino'sum, Mulsum  Vino'sum.
Honey wine.  Wine mead.  See Hydroinel.
  (ENOPHLYGIA, Temulentia.
  (ENOPIILYXIS, Temulentia.
  CENTOS, Wine.
  CENOSTAGMA, Spiritus vini rectificatus.
  (EXOTHE'RA BIEN'NIS, (E. Mallis'slma seu
murica'ta sen gauro'i'des, On'agra, Evening Prim-
rose,  Tree  Primrose,  Primrose  tree,  Cure-all,
Scttbish.  An indigenous plant, common  on  the
borders of fields, and in natural hedges.  Ord.
Onagracese.  Sex.  Syst.  Octandria Monogynia.
Its  properties   are  mucilaginous  and slightly
acrid.   A decoction has been used  in cases of in-
fantile and other eruptions.
  (Enothera Gauroides, 0. biennis — co. Muri-
cata. 0. biennis.
  CESOPHAGE'AL,  (Esophaga'us, (F.)  CEso-
phagien.   Same etymon as oesophagus.  Relating
or belonging to the oesophagus.
  (Esophageal Ap'ehturb  of  the Di'aphragm,
Fora'men oesophage'inn, (F.) Oavertitre cesopha-
gienne du diaphragine.  An opening in the dia-
phragm for the passage of the oesophagus.
  (Esophageal Aperture op the Stomach.  A
name given to the superior or cardiac orifice  of
the stomach, to distinguish it from the inferior or
pyloric.   See Card in.
  (Esophageal .Muscle,  CSsophaga'us.   Some
anatomists have given this name to the  transverse
muscular fibres  which surround the  oesophagus
at its upper extremity.
  (Esophageal Tube, see Tube, oesophageal.
  ffiSOPIIAGEURYS'MA, (Esoph'agus  succen-
turia'ttts, from otaotpayos,  'the  oesophagus,' and
evpvopa, 'dilatation.'  Dilatation of the oesopha-
gus.
  CE30PHAGIALGTA, CEsophagismus.
  OESOPHAGIARCTIA, Dysphagia constricta.
  CESOPHAGIEN, (muscle),  Constrictor oeso-
phagi.
  (ESOPHAGIS'MUS, (Eiophagis'mum.  A name
given by Vogel to  spasm of the oesophagus, Dys-
pha'gia Sptismod'ica seu Spas'tica  seu Nervo'sa,
Strictu'ra  cesoph'agi spasmod'ica,  (Esophagial'-
gia, (Eiophagospasm'tis,  Tenes'nius  Gula, (F.)
Tenesme de loesopliage.  By some  used synony-
mously with oesophagitis,  dysphagia, and con-
traction of the  oesophagus.
  OESOPHAGITIS, Angi'na seu Cynan'che ceso-
phaga'a, Dyspha'gia  infiammato'ria,  Infiamma'-
tio  cesoph'agi seu  Gula,  (F.)  Angine oesopha-
gicnne.   Inflammation of  the oesophagus.
  (ESOPHAGODYNTA,  from owo^tyos,  'the
oesophagus,' and obvvn, 'pain.'  Pain in the oeso-
phagus.
  O3S0PHAG0PATHI'A,  Morbus  (Esoph'agi,
from  oiao<p,iyos,  'the  oesophagus,' and  itaBos,
' disease.'  A morbid  condition of the oesopha-
gus.
  (ESOPHAGOPLE'GIA, Dyspha'gia paralyt'-
ica, Lamoparaly'sis, from  otaofayos,  ' the oeso-
phagus,' and rrXriyn, 'a stroke.'   Paralysis of the
oesophagus.
  CESOPilAGORRIIAG'TA.from otootpayos, 'the
oesophagus,'and p«yi?, 'a  rupture.  Hemorrhage
from the oesophagus.
  CESOPIIAGORRIIfE'A,  from otao^ayos, 'the
oesophagus,'  and  peur,  'I  flow.'  Discharge  of
blood or mucus from the oesophagus.
  (ESOPHAGOSPAS'MUS, from oio-otpayos, 'the
oesophagus,' and o-zaopos, 'spasm.'  Spasm ofthe
oesophagus.
  CESOPHACOT'OMY,  (Esopliagotoiu'ia,  from
oitrotpnyos, 'the oesophagus,' and rtprctv, 'to cut.'
An  incision made into the  (esophagus  for the
purpose of  extracting foreign bodies from it.
  (ESOPH'AGUS,  from  oto>, 'future' ottrur,  'I
carry,' and tpayw, ' I  eat;' Gula, Fts'lnla ciba'/it,
Fis'lnla sen Inf'itudib'itlum Ventric'till, Via stom'-
achi et ventris,   Gluttus.   The  Gullet,  (Prov.)
When.  A musculo-membrnnous  canal,  cylin-
drical, and depressed  from before  to  behind,
which  extends from tho inferior extremity of the
pharynx to the upper orifice  of tbe stomach.   At
its origin,  it is situate in tbe median line; but
beneath the larynx, it deviates to the left, and in
the chest  experiences  different reflections.   In
its cervical  portion,  it corresponds, behind, with
the spine;  before, with the larynx  and trachea:
and, at the sides, it is close to the primitive caro-
tids, internal jugular veins,  par  vagum,  recur-
rent nerves, Ac.   In its inferior or thoracic por-
tion, the oesophagus  is entirely contained in tho
posterior mediastinum :  and  enters the abdomen
through the oesophageal aperture, Fora'men oeso-
phage'um,  of  the diaphragm.  The oesophagus
is  composed of  a very  strong muscular  layer,
sometimes called  Tunica vagina'lis gnla ; formed,
itself, of two sets of fibres,  the external  being
general longitudinal, the internal  transverse or
annular.  2. Of  a mucous  membrane which is
soft, fine, thin, and white, especially at its lower
part.   It is continuous, above, with the mucous
membrane  of  the pharynx.   The mucous folli-
cles, found  beneath it, are  not numerous,  and
have been called  (Esophageal glands.  The arte-
ries of the  oesophagus proceed, in the neck, from
the thyroid; in the chest, from the bronchial ar-
teries and directly from the aorta;—in the abdo-
men,  from  the  inferior phrenic, and coronaria
ventriculi.   Its veins empty themselves into the
inferior thyroid, the vena cava superior, the in-
ternal  mammary, azygos, bronchial, phrenic, and
coronaria  ventriculi.   Its  lymphatics pass  into
the ganglia surrounding it. Its nerves are afforded
by the pharyngeal and pulmonary plexuses; by
the cardiac nerves; the thoracic  ganglia, and,
especially,  by the pneumogastrics and their  re-
current branches.
  CEsophagus Succenturiatus, Pharvngocele.
  CESTROMANIA, Nymphomania.
  (ESTRUATIOX,  Orgasm, see Heat.
  CESTRUM, Clitoris.
  CEstrum Ven'eris,   CE.  vene'renm,  (Estms
vene'reus;  frora otorpos, oestrus, 'a violent impulse
or desire.'   A vehement desire for sexual inter-
course.  Orgasm. With some, oestrum  signifies
Clitoris.
  CESTRUS, Clitoris, see Ectozoa—ce. Venereus,
CEstrum venereum.
  03'SYPUS,  from  ois,  'a  sheep.' The  greasy
matter of unwashed wool; formerly employed in
friction in  diseased joints.
   CEUFS, Ova.
  OFFICE, PHYSICIAN'S  or  SURGEON'S,
Iatrion.
  OFFICINA, Pharmacopolium.
  OFFICINAL, Officina'lis, from officino,  for
opificina, (from opifex (opus and facio,) 'a work-
man,') 'a shop.'  An epithet for medicines found
in the shop of the apothecary, ready prepared —
usua'h'a ; in opposition to magistral or extempo-
raneous,—those prepared after the prescription of
the physician.
  OFFIUM, Affion,  Opium.
  OFFSPRING, Epigone.
  OFFUSCATIO, Amaurosis.
  OGLA, Oogala. 
OGNON                 6
  OhXON, a Corn— o. Mucin, Scilla.
  OHl'O, MINERAL  WATERS  OF.   Yellow
Sio-ing is a chalybeate, situate in Greene county,
fH miles from Cincinnati.  It is somewhat fre-
quented.
  Oi'DIUM ABORTIFACrEXS, see Ergot—o.
Albicans, Aphthaphyte—o. Schoenleini, see Por-
rigo favosa.
  Oil'!. Sorbus domestica.
  OIGSON, Allium cepa.
  OIK KI< I MAN I A, (Eciomania.
  OIL, O'leum, El a'on, eXatov, (F.) Huile; frora
tXuta, 'the olive.' A collective name, under which
two classes of fluids are included, very different
from each other : those belonging to the one class,
lire viscid,  mawkish or almost insipid; those of
the other arc nearly devoid of viscidity, and are
caustic and very volatile.  The former  are called
fut or fixed oils ; the latter volatile or essential
oils or essences.
  Oil, see  Ricinus  communis.
  Oil of Almonds, Oleum umygdalarum—o. of
bitter Almonds, Oleum amygdalae  amarae—o. of
Amber,  rectified, see Succinum — o. of  Anda, see
Anda — o. Animal, Oleum animale — o. Animal,
of I > i | > | > < -1. Oleum animale Dippelii — o. of Bay,
Dnphnelmon — o. of Bays, Oleum  laurinura—o.
nnd  lieeswax, Unguentum ceroe—o. of Ben, see
(lililandina moringa—o. of Benjamin or Benzoin,
Oleum benzoini — o. Benne, see  Sesamuni orien-
tale — o. of Bergamot, see Bergamot.
   Oil,  British.  An empirical preparation often
used in cases of sprains.  A committee  of  the
Philadelphia College of Pharmac3- recommended
the following form  for its preparation.— 01. Tere-
binth.,  01. Lini  nsitatis. 5a f ,^iij. OL Succini.,
 OL Juniper, aa f^iv,  Petrol. Barbadeus. f^iij,
Petrol. American. (Seneca Oil,) f§j.   M.
   Oil of Cacao, Butter of Cacao — o. of Cade,
Bee Juniperus Oxycedrus—o. Carron, Linimentum
aquaj calcis—o.  of the Cashew nut, see Anacar-
dium oceidentnle — o. Castor, see Ricinus com-
munis— o. of Chnbert, Oleum animale empyreu-
imitieum Chaberti — o. of Cinnamon, see Laurus
cinnamomum—o. of Cloves. Eugenia  caryophyl-
lata— o. Cod, 0. Jecoris aselli — o. Codliver, 0.
Jecoris  aselli—o. of Copaiba,  Oleum Copaiba?—o.
Cornspirit,  Oil, fusel — o. of Cubebs,  see Piper
cubeba—o. of Cypress, Oyprinum oleum — o. of
Dill, see Anethum graveolens—o. Dippel's, Oleum
animale Dippelii—o. of Egg,  see Ovum—o. Ethe-
real, Oleum ..Ethereura—o. Flaxseed,  see  Linum
usitatissimum.
   Oil, Fusel, Alcohol amyl'icum  (Ph. D.), Fou-
sel oil, Pota'to oil, Grain oil, Cornspirit oil.  Po-
tn'to spirit oil. Oil of potatoes. Ami/lie alcohol,
Hy'ilrated oxide of amyle, ( (G.) F usel, an  epithet
for poor brandy.)  An acrid  volatile  oil, formed  !
in the manufacture of potato brandy, and which
is not easily  separable  from it.   Its chemical
constitution is analogous to that of alcohol.  It
exhales a  powerful  and peculiarly  suffocating
odour.  S.  g. -818.  In small doses it is  highly
stimulating,—acting like narcotics in general.  In
large doses it destroys the  mucous membrane of
the stomach.  It is used by the Dublin College
in tbe preparation  of Soda: valerianas.
   Oil, Grain, Oil, fusel.
   Oil, Haerlem.  An empirical preparation sup-
posed to consist  chiefly of petroleum, turpentine,
nnd balsam of sulphur.  Used internally in renal
and rheumatic affections.
   Oil, Krumiioi.z, see Pinus mughos — o. of Le- ;
mons,  see  Citrus  medica — o. Lily,  see  Lilium '
candiilum -—o. of Mace, expressed, see Myristica
— o. of Ma<tich. see Pistacia Lentiscus — o. of  ,
Mucilages,  Oleum e  mucilaginibus — o.  Neats-
foot, Oleum bubuluin — o. of Nicodemus, Nico-
7               OINTMENT
 derai oleum—o. Nut, Juglans cinerea—o. of Nut-
 megs, see Myristica moschata — o. Olive, Oleum
 olivae—o. Palm, see Cocos butyracea—o. Paper,
 Pyrothonide—o. Parsley, Apiol—o.  Pennyroyal,
 see Iledeoma pulegioides—o. of Pike, Oleum lucii
 piscis—o. of  Potatoes, Oil, fusel — o. Potato. Oil,
 fusel—o. Potato spirit, Oil, fusel — o. Rag, Pyro-
 thonide—o. Red, see  Hypericum perforatum—o.
 Rock. Petroleum — o. of Rose  Geranium, Oleum
 graminis Indici—o. of Roses, see Rosa eentifolia
 —o. of Rue, Peganelaeon, see Ruta—o. Skateiiver,
 see Oleum Jecoris aselli—o. of Spike, Oleum tcre-
 binthinae — o. of St. John's Wort, see Hypericum
 perforatum — o. Salad, Oleum olivae—o.  of Scor-
 pion, see Scorpion — o. Seneca. Petroleum, New
 York — o. of Spike, see Lavandula spica — o. of
 Spikenard, Oleum  graminis  Indici — o.  Sulphu-
 retted, Balsamum sulphuris simplex—o. of Tar-
 tar, Liquor potassae subcarbonatis—o. of Tobacco,
 Oleum tabaci — o. of  Turpentine, Oleum  terebin-
 thimo — o. of Turpentine, rectified. Oleum tere-
 bintbinae rectificatum — o.  of Valerian, Oleum
 Valerianae — o. of Vitriol, Sulphuric acid — o. of
! Wine,  Oleum tethereum.
|   Oils, Animal, Olea nnimnlia—o. Distilled, Olea
 volatilia—o. Empyreumatie. Olea empyreumatica
 —o. Essential,  Olea volatilia — o. Ethereal, Olea.
 volatilia—o.  Expressed, Olea  fixa—o. Fatty, Olea
 fix a—o.  Fixed, Olea fixa—o. Fugacious,  Olea  fu-
 gacia—o. Medicinal,  Olea medicinalia—o. Vola-
 tile,  Olea volatilia.
   OILY, Oleaginous—o. Grain, Sesamum orient-
 ale.
   OTNOMANIA. (Enomania.
   OINOS KRITI1ES, Cerevisia.
   OINTMENT, Unguentum—o.  Antimonial, Un-
 guentum antimonii — o. of Antimony,  tartarized,
 Unguentum antimonii.
   Ointment, Arsen'ical, of Sir Astley Cooper.
 This is made of arsenious acid ^j :  sulphur, gj :
 spermaceti cerate, ^j.  It is spread on  lint, and
 applied to cancerous sores.
   Ointment, Basilicon, Unguentum resinae—o,
 Bay, Unguentum laurinura — o. of Belladonna.
 Unguentum  belladonnae — o.  Blister,  Cerate of
 cantharides — o. Blistering,   green, Unguentum
 lyttas medicatum—o.  Blistering, milder,  Unguen-
 tum lytta1—o.  Blistering,  yellow, Unguentum
 lyttae  medicatum  aliud— o.  Blue, Unguentum
 hydrargyri — o.  Citrine, Unguentum hydrargyri
 nitratis—o. of Cocculus Indicus, Unguentum coc-
 culi—o.  of Creasote. Unguentum creasoti—o. Cu-
 cumber, see  Cucumis  sativus — o. Cyrillo's, Un-
 guentum muriatis hydrargyri  oxygenati medica-
 tum— o. Digestive, simple, Unguentum digesti-
 vura  simplex — o. Edinburgh,  see Unguentum
 veratri— o.  Elder, Unguentum  sambuci — o. of
 Elemi, Unguentum elemi compositum—o. for tbe
 Eyes, (Smellome's,) see Ceratum resinae — o. of
 Oalls,  Unguentum gallm—o.  of Galls, compound,
 Unguentum  gallae compositum — o. Garlic,  see
 Allium—o.  of Geranium, Oleum graminis Indici
 — o. Gingergrass of  Nemanr,  Oleum  graminis
 Indici—o. Golden,  Unguentum hydrargyri nitri-
 co-oxidi—o.  Golden,  Singleton's, see Singleton's
 golden ointment — o. Goulard's, Ceratum plumbi
 compositum—o. Grass of Nemanr, Oleum  grami-
 nis Indici — o. Green, Unguentum  sambuci — o.
 Hellebore, white, Unguentum veratri—o. of Hem-
 lock,Unguentum conii—o. of Hydriodate of Potass,
 Unguentum  potassae  hydriodatis—o. of Iodide of
 Lead.  Unguentum plumbi iodidi-— o. of Iodide of
 Mercury. Unguentum hydrargyri  iodidi — o.  of
 red  Todide  of  Mercury.  Unguentum  hydrargyri
 iodidi  rubri — o. of Todide  of Sulphur.  Unguen-
 tum sulphuris iodidi—o. of  Iodine. Unguentum
 Iodini — o.   of  Iodine,  compound, Unguentum
 iodini compositum—o. Issue. Dr. Phvsick's. see
 Unguentum  lyttm medicatum  aliud — o. Itch, 
OlOCALY.MMA             G48          OLEA  VOLATILIA
Unguentum sulphuris compositum—o. Itch, Bai-
ley's, see Unguentum sulphuratum ad scabiem—
o. Itch, Bateman's, see Unguentum sulphuratum
alcalinum ad scabiem—o. Itch, llelinerick's, Un-
guentum sulphuratum  alcalinum ad scabiem—o.
Itch, Jackson's,  Unguentum  sulphuris  composi-
tum— o. Lead, compound,  Unguentum plumbi
compositum—o. of white oxide of Lead,  Unguen-
tum oxidi  plumbi albi—o. of Lydia, Bacaris—o.
Marshraallow, Unguentum de althaea—o. Mer-
curial,  Unguentum  hydrargyri  — o. Mercurial,
milder, see Unguentum hydrargyri—o. Mercurial,
strong, see Unguentum hydrargyri—o. of nitrate
of Mercury. Unguentum  hydrargyri nitratis—o.
of gray oxide  of Mercury,  Unguentum oxidi hy-
drargyri cinerei — o. of nitric oxyd of  Mercury,
 Unguentum  hydrargyri   nitrico-oxydi — o.  of
Mezereon,  Unguentum mezerei — o. of Nitrous
acid,  Unguentum  aeidi  nitrosi — o.  of  Pitch,
 Unguentum resinae  nigrae — o.  of Pitch,  black,
 Unguentum  resinae  nigrae—o. Plunkett's,  for
 cancer, PlunketCs ointment — o. red Precipitate,
 Unguentum  hydrargyri  nitrico-oxydi — o.  of
 white Precipitate, Unguentum  hydrargyri prae-
 cipitati  albi — o. Resin,  Ceratum resinae flavae
 — o.  Resin,   black,  Unguentum resinae  nigrae
— o.  of Rosewater, Unguentum  aquae rosic —
 o.  Soldier's,  Martiatum   unguentum — o.  of
 Spanish .flies,  Cerate  of  Cantharides,  Ungu-
 entum lyttae—- o. Spermaceti,  Unguentum  ce-
 tacei— o.  of  Stramonium, Unguentum  stramonii
 — o. of Subacetate  of copper,  Unguentum sub-
 acetatis cupri — o. of Sugar of lead, Unguentum
 plumbi  superacetatis — o. Sulphur, Unguentum
 sulphuris—o. Sulphur,  compound, Unguentum
 sulphuris  compositum—o.  Tar,  Unguentum picis
 liquidie—o. Tartar emetic,  Unguentum  antimonii
 —o. Tobacco, Unguentum Tabaci—o. Tutty, Un-
 guentum oxidi zinci impuri—o.  Yerdigris,  Ungu-
 entum subacetatis  cupri—o. Wax, Unguentum
 cone—o. White, Unguentum oxidi plumbi albi—
 o. Zinc, Unguentum zinci—o. of impure oxide of
 Zinc, Unguentum oxidi zinci impuri.
   OIOCALYM'MA,  O'ioealijp'trum; from wtov,
 woi', 'egg,' and KaXvnreiv, 'to cover;' Jletnbra'na
  O'vuli cort ica'lis.   The membrane of  the egg-
 shell.
   OKRA.  Hibiscus  esculentus.
   OLD AGE, Senectus.
   OLD MAN, Artemisia abrotanum.
   OLD WIFE'S SHIRT, Liriodendron.
   OLEA  ANIMA'LIA,  Animal oils, (F.)  Unties
 animales.   A name  given to fixed oils holding in
 solution the  mucilaginous and gelatinous princi-
 ples of certain  animals, as the  Oil of frogs,  Oil
 of  scorpions, Oil of spiders, Ac.   Sometimes,
 also, tbe term animal oils is given to  empyreu-
 matic oils, produced during the  decomposition of
 animal substances by heat.
    Olea Destillata, 0. Volatilia.
    Olea  Empvreumat'ica, Empyreumat'ie  oils,
  (F.) Huiles empi/reumatiques ou pyrogenees, Py-
 rila'ines.   Oils  which have an empyreumatic or
  burnt smell.   They are obtained by treating vege-
  table or animal matters  by heat, in close vessels.
  Tbey do not exist  in organized  bodies, but  are
  formed during their decomposition by  fire.  The
  animal oil of Dippel is an empyreumatic oil.
    Olea Europ^e'a, 0. sati'va seu lancifo'Ua seu
  poh/mor'pha  seu  Gal'lica,  Oli'va, Olive  tree,
  tXnia, E/a'a,  (F.) Olivier;  (Fruit)  Olive.   Nat.
  0,-d. Jasraineae.   Sex.  Syst. Diandria  Monogy-
  nia.  Tbe leaves of the olive are bitter, and an
  extract prepared from  them,  and a  substance
  called ol.ivi'na, the bitter principle of the leaves,
  have been given in Italy as antiperiodics.  The
  fruit, when pickled, is extremely grateful to some
  stomachs.  Olives, as met with in the  shops, are
  prepared from the green, unripe fruit, repeatedly
steeped in water.   To this, some quicklime or
alkaline salt is added, and, afterwards, they aro
washed and preserved in a pickle of common  salt
and water.  From this fruit is prepared the Olive
oil. or Salad oil of the Pharmacopu'ias, which is
obtained  by grinding  and pressing tho olives,
when thoroughly ripe.   The liner and  purer oil
issues  first by gentle  pressure,  and the inferior
sort on heating what is left, and pressing it moro
strongly.   See Oleum Olivie.   In Calabria, nn   t
odorous  resin exudes from  its trunk, which is
employed as a perfume by the Neapolitans).
  A  gum  flows from certain wild olives, in warm
countries, which  consists, according to Pelleticr,
of a resin, a little  benzoic acid, and a  peculiar
substance, called  Olivi/e.   It is in yellow ina.-scs,
of a slightly acrid taste, and  of a  vanilla smell.
It is called Olea  gummi, 0. resi'na, and 0. bids'-
amnio, (F.) Gomme olivier, and is esteemed astrin-
gent and  detersive.
  Olea  Fixa seu  Pin'guia, Expressed, Fixed
or Fatty oils, (F.) Huiles fixes ou grasses, Oltals.
All the oils obtained from the seeds or pericarps
of vegetables, without distillation, and which are
viscid, but  slightly odorous and sapid;  lighter
than water, and insoluble  in alcohol.   The ran-
cidity  of  oils depends on the absorption of oxy-
gen, and  therefore they should be kept in  bulk
as much  as possible, and  in narrow-necked  bot-
tles, so that a very small surface only can bo ex-
posed  to the air.   All  tbe fixed oils are emollient,
and, in a certain dose, they act as purgatives and
emetics.   They  are prepared by expressing the
fruit or seed containing them.
   Olea  Fuga'cia,  Fuga'cious  oils,  (F.) Unites
fttguces.  A name given to oils which are so vo-
latile that, in order to obtain them, recourse must
be  had to a different process from that employed
for other essential  oils.  Such are the oils of jes-
samine, lily, violet, Ac.
   Olea  Gallica, 0.  Europaea—o. Lancifolia, 0.
Europaea.
   Olea   Medicina'lia,  Medic"inal oils,  (F.)
 Huiles Medicinales,  Eleoles,  Solution  par les
huiles.  A name given to oils prepared by mace-
rating, infusing,  or boiling medicinal substances
in olive or any other fixed oils.   These oils  may
then  be  regarded  as oily solutions of certain
 medicinal substances; whence they can never be
simple.   They have, however, been divided into
simple and compound medicinal  oils.   To the
former belong tbe Oils  of St. John's wort, of the
 Solanum nigrum, Ac; to  the other—which  have
 often  been called Oily balsams, (F.)  Bttitmes hni-
 le„x—the Balsams of Fioraventi, Metz, Ac.   Me-
 dicinal oils are, almost always, employed exter-
 nally.
   Olea Polymorpha, 0. Europaea—o. Sativa,  0.
 Europaea.
   Olea  VolATII.'iA, 0. destilla'ta,  JEthero'len,
 Volatile, Ethe'real,  Essential, or Distilled oils,
 Es'sences, (F.) Huiles volatiles ou essentielles  ou
 distil/ees ou  ithirees,  oleolats,  denies, olinles.
 Oils found  in aromatic vegetables, and in  every
 part of them, except in the interior of the seeds.
 The majority  are obtained by distillation; but
 some  by expression.   They possess unctuosity,
 inflammability,  and viscidity, like the fixed oils;
 but they are generally odoriferous, pungent, and
 acrid.   The greater part  are lighter than water;
 but some are heavier, and congeal at a moderato
 temperature.   They dissolve, in small quantity,
 in distilled water, by simple agitation.   Almost
 all are soluble in  alcohol.  The  odour and taste
 are the usual tests of their goodness.  To preserve
 them, they should be  kept in  a cool  place, in
 small bottles, quite full and well  corked.   Vola-
 tile oils are possessed of  the aromatic properties
 of the plants whence they are obtained.   They 
OLEAGINOUS             6
      are all, when applied externally, stimulant  and
      rubefacient.   Pharmaceutical  preparations,  in
      which substances are dissolved  in  volatile oils,
      (V.) Solutions par les huiles volatites, are termed
      by Beral, Myrolis.
        OLEAG'TNOUS,  Oleagino'sus,  Oleo'sus, (F.)
      Olt'agiueux ; from oleum, 'oil.'  Oily; containing
      oil,—as 'an oleaginous or oily mixture.'
        OLEA'MEN,  Oleum en'turn.   Same   etymon.
*  f  Any  soft ointment prepared of oil.—Scribonius.
        OLEANDER, Rhododendron chrysanthemum.
        0 L E C R A N A R T II R ITIS, from olecranon,
      apOpov, 'joint,'  and itis,  denoting inflammation.
      Inflammation of the elbow joint.
        0LE0RANARTHR0CACE,  from  wXeicpuvov,
      'the  olecranon,' apSpov, 'articulation,' and Kama,
      'vice or disease.'  Inflammation  of the articular
      surfaces of the elbow.—Rust.
        OLECRANTAL,  (F.)  Olicranien.   Relating
      or belonging to the olecranon.
        OLECKANOID CAVITY, see Ulna.
        OLECRANON, Olecra'non, Olec'ranum, Olec'-
      ratal mob'He ,-  from  urXevn,  ' the  elbow,' and npa-
      vov, ' the head.'  Ac.role'nion,  Add itamen'turn ne-
      ed tmn, Ancon, Proces'sus uncone'us seu uncinu'tus,
      Glaus sell  Coro'na seu Coro'na posterior seu Ad-
      ditamen'turn unca'tum Ulna,  Vertex Ctt'biti, Pa-
      tella fixa. Rostrum exter'tuun seu poste'rius, Top
      of the cubit.   Head  or protection  of the elbow.
      A large process at the  upper extremity of the
      ulna, on which  we  lean.   When this  process is
      fractured,  it is apt to be drawn up by the triceps,
      and  much care is required to keep the parts  in
      apposition.
        OLEFIANT GAS, CHLORIDE OF, see Anes-
      thetic.
        OLEIN, see  Fat—o. Codliver, see Oleum je-
      coris aselli.
        OLENE, Ulna.
        OLEO-CERATUM, Cerate—o. c. Aqua subac-
      tum, Ceratum  Galeni.
        OLEO-CEROLE,  Cerate.
        OLEO-UEROLE RESINEUX, Unguentum.
        OLEOLATS, Olea volatilia.
        0LEOL ES,  Olea volatilia.
        0L/-OLS. Olea fixa,
        OLi-.O-SACCHAROLE, Elmosaceharum.
        OLEOSACCHARUM, Elaeosaccbarum.
        OLEOSUS, Oleaginous.
        OLERA, see Lachanon.
        OLETTE,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.   At
      Olettc, in  the department Pyrenees Orientales, is
      a thermal  spring, which  raises the thermometer
      to 190° Fahr.   It is  the hottest  in France.
        OLEULES,  Olea  volatilia.
        OLEUM, Oil — o.  Abietis, see Pinus  picea—o.
      Absinthii,  Artemisia absinthium,  (oil of) — o.
      Acnst'uum, Huile acoitsliqiie.
        Oleum  JEthb'rkum, Spir'itus  a'theris oleo'sus,
      d.'i'u'rcal oil (formed in the distillation of ether),
      Oleum vini,  OH of wine. Heavy oil of wine, Sweet
      oil of rit'riol, (F.) Huile douce de vin.  A pecu-
      liar  oleaginous  matter,  obtained by continuing
      the distillation, after  the whole  of the  sulphuric
      ether has  passed over in the  process for the pre-
      paration of the  latter.  It is used only as an in-
      gredient in the compound spirit of ether.  It is
      officinal in the  Ph. U. S.
        Oleum  Ammoniatum,  Linimentum  ammonire
      fortius.
        Oleum  Amyg'dal.e  Ama'r*;,  Oil  of Bitter
      Almonds.   An  oil,  obtained  by distilling with
      water the  kernels or  the fruit of  Amygdalus com-
      munis—variety, ^lwiora.   Its action is like that
9         OLEUM  CEDRINUM
of hydrocyanic acid—four drops having destroyed
a dog.  Dose, a quarter of a drop to a drop.  A
drop  to  a fluidounce  of water  forms a  wash,
which has been used in Prurigo senilis, and other
forms of itching.
  Oleum Amvgdala'ritm, Oleum amyg'dala, Oil
of Almonds,  (F.) Huile d'umandee.   (Expressed
from  both street and bitter almonds,—Amygdalus
communis.)  3jxvj of almonds yield ^v of oil.  It
is inodorous, insipid, and  of a pale straw colour,
and is employed as a demulcent and  emollient.
  Oleum Anacardii,  see Anacardium occiden-
tale.
  Oleum Anima'le,  An'imal oil,  (F.) Huile ani-
mate.  An oil obtained by the decomposition  of
the immediate principles of animals,  subjected to
the action  of heat.   It is  fetid, and  always con-
tains  a certain quantity of subcarbonate of am-
monia.   See Olea  Empyreuniatica.  The  name
animal oil is sometimes also given to the fat con-
tained in the fatty vesicles.   The composition of
this fat  does not, indeed, differ from that of the
fixed oil.
  Oleum Anima'le Dippe'lii, 0. cornu cervi, 0.
C.  C. rectifica'tum,  0. pyro-anima'le depura'tum
seu anima'le athe'reum, Pyro'leurn os'sium recti-
fica'tum, Animal oil, Animal oil  of  Dippel, (F.)
Huile animale de Dippel ou de come tie cerf, is
obtained by distilling animal matters, especially
hartshorn, on the naked fire.  The subcarbonate
of ammonia, which  it  contains, renders it partly
soluble in water,  and communicates to  it the
stimulant properties for which it is used in  medi-
cine.   It is employed as an  antispasmodic.
  Oleum Anima'le Empyreumat'icum Ciiaber'-
TI,  0. Einpyreitmiit'icum  seu anthelmin'tieitm seu
contra ta'nium  Chaber'ti, Empi/reumrtt'ic oil of
Chabert, Oil of Chabert,  (F.) Unite anthelmin-
tiqite de Chabert, is  made by adding one part of
animal  oil to three parts of oil of turpentine,
leaving them to combine for four days, and then
distilling three parts.  An effective anthelmintic.
Dose, a  teaspoonful three times a day.
  Oleum Animaliza'tum  per Ineisio'nem, (F.)
Huile aniinalisee par  infusion,  H. aromatique
ou  de  petits chiens.  A preparation,  formerly
esteemed tonic  and cephalic.  It was  obtained
by  boiling new-born puppies in  oil,  first depriv-
ing them  of their  blood, skin,  and intestines.
When the decoction was  cold, origanum, thyme,
pennyroyal, St.  John's wort, and marjoram were
added.
  Oleum Anisi, see Pimpinella  anisum — o. An-
thelminticum Cbaberti, Oleum animale empyreu-
ma ticum Chaberti—o. Anthemidis, see Anthemis
nobilis — o. Aurantii, see Citrus aurantium—o.
Balaninum,  Guilandina  moringa   (oleumj — a.
Balsami,,see Amyris opobalsamum.
  Oleum Benzo'ini, Oil of Benzoin  or Benjamin.
An oil  obtained by heating, in a sand-hath, the
matter which remains after benzoic acid has been
separated from  benzoin by  the aid  of heat.  It
has been regarded as balsamic and sudorific.
  Oleum Bekgamii, see Bergamot.
  Oleum Bu'bulum, Neat's-foot oil, (F.)  Huile
de  pieds de  boenf.   It is  obtained  by boiling in
water for a long time the  feet of the beef—Bos
domes'ticus—previously deprived of  tbe hoof.  It
is introduced into the officinal list of the Ph. U.
S. as an ingredient of the ointment  of nitrate of
mercury.
  Oleum Cacao Spissatum, Butter of Cacao —
o. Cadinum, see Juniperus oxyeedrus— o. Caju-
puti,  Caieput (oil) — o. Camphoratum,  Linimen-
tum camphora?—o. Cari seu Carui, Carum (oleum)
—o. Caryophylli, see Eugenia caryophyllata.
  Oleum  Ced'rinim,  Essentia  de  cedro, (F.)
Huile de cidrat.  The oil of the  peel of citrons, 
OLEUM CHABERTI         65
0               OLE ACT IF
obtained in Italy in a particular manner, without
distillation.
  Oleum Chaberti, 0. animale empyreumaticum
Chaberti—o. Chenopodii, see Chenopodium an-
thelminticum—o.  Cicinum,  see  Ricinus commu-
nis— o. Cinnamomi, see Laurus cinnamomum —
o. Contra Taeniam Chaberti, Oleum animale em-
pyreumaticum  Chaberti.
  Oleum Copa'ib>e,  Oil of  Copa'iba.  (Copaib.
Ibij ; Aqua, cong.  iv.  Distil three gallons ;  sepa-
rate the oil; return the water to the copaiba, and
again distil three gallons.  Separate the oil, and
add it to the other.  Ph. U.  S.)  Dose, gtt. x  to
xxx.
  Oleum Cornu Cervi, 0. animale Dippelii—o.
Cubeba?, see Piper cubebae—o. Euphorbia? lathy-
ridis, see Euphorbia  latbyris — o. Fixum nucum
cocos butyracea?, see Cocos  butyracea—o. Foeni-
culi, see  Anethum—o. Gabianum, Petroleum—o.
Gallina?, Alkale — o.  Gaultheria?, see Gaultheria
—o. Hedeoniae, see Hedeoma pulegioides—o. Hy-
perici, see Hypericum perforatum — o. Infernale,
Jatropha cure-as (oil).
  Oleum Gram'inis In'oici, Grass-oil of Nemaur,
Ginger-grass oil, called, by the perfumers, oil of
gera'nium, and oil of  rose geraniurn, and  occa-
sionally sold as o?7 of spikenard, is obtained from
Audropogon calamus aromaticus of India.  It is
used as a perfume, and like  the  essential oils in
general.
  Oleum Jec'oris  Asel'li, 0.  Mor'rhua seu
Jec'oris  Morrhua  seu Jecin'oris Aselli, Axun'gia
Ga'di, A. Piscina marina, Cotlliver oil, Cod oil,
(F.) Huile de morue  ou de Foie de morue.  The
animal oil,  which  appears  under this name  in
commerce, is obtained from several of the species
belonging to the genus Gadus.  The Cod, Gadus
mor'rhua; tbe  Dorse or Dorsch, Gadus  Galia''rins,
Morrhua America'na ;  the  Coalfish,  Gadus ceir-
boua'rius; the  Burbot. Gadus lota, Lota vulga'ris;
the Pollock, Gadus pol/a'chius; the Ling, Lota
molva; the Torsk, Bros'mi us vulga'ris. There is
reason  also  to believe, that on the American
coast it is obtained, also, frora the Hake, Gadus
merluc'cins,  and the Haddock, Gadus  aglifi'iius.
The clearest sorts  are generally used.  An excel-
lent eutrophic, in tuberculous and strumous affec-
tions,  rheumatism, chronic  cutaneous diseases,
and tumours of the mammae, Ac.   The dose  for
an adult is from f^'j to f^iss.
   Cod liver  olein, prepared by subjecting codliver
oil to a low  temperature and separating the olein
by pressure, has been used in the same cases as
the oil.
  Skate  liver oil,  O'leum  ra'ia, obtained  from
Ra'ia batis and R. clava'ta,  is used  in  the  same
cases and doses.
   Oleum Jecoris  Morrhua.  Oleum  jecoris
aselli—o. Juniperi, see  Juniperis communis — o.
Juniperi empyreumaticum, see Juniperus oxyee-
drus— 0. de Kerva, see Ricinus communis — o.
Kervinum, see Ricinus  communis.
   Oleum Lauri'num,  0.  lauri, Oil  of  bays.
An oil obtained frora bayberries, and  sometimes
used in sprains and bruises, unattended with  in-
flammation.
   Oleum Laurinum,  Daphnelaeon, Unguentum
L. — 0. Lavandulae, see Lavandula—o. Lentisci-
num, Schinelaeon—o. Limonis, see Citrus medica
—o. LinL see Linum usitatissimum—o. Lini cum
calce, Linimentum aqua? calcis.
   Oleum Lu'cii Piscis, Oil of Pike.   From the
liver of  the Esox  Indus an  oil is spontaneously
separated, which is used in some countries to de-
stroy specks on the cornea.
   Oleum Macidis, see  Myristica.
   Oleum Malabathri, see  Malabathrum — o.
Maria?, see  Fagara octandra — o.  Mastiohinum,
see Pistacia lentiscus—o. Melaleucas leucodendri,
 Caieput (oil) — o. Mentha* piperita1, see Mentha
 piperita — o. Menthae viridis, Mentha viridis — o.
 Monardae, Monarda punctata — o. Morrhuie, 0.
 jecoris aselli.
   Oleum  e Micii.agin'ibus, Oil of Mit'cilaip*.
 (Hart, ttlthaa  rec. tbss; sem. lini, sem. ffrnmp ad,
 aa t^iij ; aqua, Oij.  Boil  for half an hour; add
 ol. oliv. Oiv; continue the boiling till the water
 is nearly consumed, and pour off the oil.)  Emol-
 lient.
   Oleum  Mvristic.*;,  see  Myristica moschata—
 o. Myristica? expressum, see Myristica—o. N'eroli,
 see Citrus aurantium—o. Nucistie. see Myristica
 —o. Nucistae aithereura, see Myristica.
   Oleum  Oli'v.-e, 0.  olira'rum, Olive or Salad
 oil.  An inodorous, insipid, and transparent oil;
 obtained by expression from the olive, when  ripe.
 It is demulcent and emollient, — possessing the
 qualities of the fixed oils in general.
   An inferior kind, obtained by boiling olives  in
 water, and skimming the oil from the  surface, is
 also used  in Pharmacy.  See Olea Europsea.
   Oleum  Omphaci.m m,  Omotribes — o. drig.-mi,
 see Origanum — o. Oxydi  cupri  viride, Balsam,
 green, of  Metz—o. de  Palma Christi, see Ricinus
 communis — o. Palmae, see Cocos butyracea — o.
 Palmae liquidum, see Ricinus communis—o. Pc-
 tra?, Petroleum — o. Petrae album, Naphtha—o.
 Picinum,  Brutia,  Pisselaeum — o. Pimenta',  see
 Myrtus  pimenta — o. Pini  purissimuin,  0. tere-
 binthina?  rectificatum — o.  Pulegii,  see  Mentha
; pulegium — o. Pyro-animale, 0. animale Dippelii
 —o. Raiae,  see Oleum jecoris  aselli — o.  Ricini,
 see Ricinus communis — o. Rosa?, see Rosa  cen-
 tifolia — o. Rosarum, Rhodelaeon — o.  Rosmnrini,
 see Rosmarinus—o. Rutae, Peganelaeon—o. Ruta1,
 see Ruta — o.  Sabina?,  see Juniperus Sabina—o.
 Sassafras, see  Laurus  sassafras — o.  Sesaini, see
 Sesnmum  orientale — o. Sinapis, see  Sinapis — o.
 Spica?, see Lavandula  spica—o. Spica1 vulgaris,
 0. terebinthina? — o, Succini, see  Succinum — o.
 Succini rectificatum, see Succinum.
   Oleum  Sulphura'tum,  Bal'samum sulph'tin's
 simplex,  Snlph'united   oil.   (Suljrliiu:  lot.  ijij;
 oliva old, Ibj.  Heat the oil in a large iron pot,
 and throw in  the sulphur by  degrees ;  stirring
 the mixture after each  addition till  they  unite.)
 It is stimulating, and was formerly much used  in
 coughs, asthma, Ac,  and,  externally,  to  foul
 ulcers.
   Oleum  Tab'aci, Oil of Tobacco.   An  empy-
 reumatic  oil,  obtained  from coarsely-powdered
 tobacco by heating the retort to dull redness.—
 Ph. U. S.
   Oleum  Tartari per Deliquium,  Lienor po-
 tassa? subcarbonatis — o. Templinum, see Pinug
 mughos.
   Oleum  Terebin'thin^e,  Oil  of  Turpentine.
 The volatile oil of the juice of  pinus palustris,
 and other species of pinus.
   Oleum  Tedebin'thinje Rectifica'tum, 0. pint
 piiris'simum O. T. purifica'tum  seu terebin'thinm
 athe'reum, Rectified oil of  turpentine, S/i.  of tur-
 pentine.   Common oil of turpentine is also called
 Common  oil of  Spike, Oleum  spica  rnlgn're.
 (Old terebinth. Oj ; 11171KB,  Oiv.   Distil over the
 oil.)  It is stimulant, diuretic,  anthelmintic, and
 rubefacient.  Dose, gtt. x to f^j.
   Guestonian  Embrocation for rheumatism  con-
 sists of ol. terebinth.,  ol.  oliv. aa f^iss;  acid
 sulph. dil. f^iij.
   Oleum  Theobrom^: Cacao Expressum, Butter
 of cacao—o. Tiglii, see Croton  tiglium.
   Oleum  Valeria'n.e,  Oil  of  Vale'rian.  The
 distilled oil ofthe  root of Valeriana officinalis.—
 Ph. U. S.   Dose, four  or five drops.
   Oleum  Vini,  0. aethereum — o. Vitrioli,  Sul-
 phuric acid—o. Vitrioli dulce, iEther sulphuricus.
    OLFACTIF,  Olfactory. 
OLFACTION               651                 OMASUM
  OLFACTION,,Olfac'tus, from  olfacere, olfac-
tion, (olere, 'to smell,' and facere,  'to make,') ' to \
Binell;' Osphre'sis, Osphrn'sia, Osphre'sia, Osme'- \
lis,  Odora'tio, Otlora'ltts, Sensus osmomet'rieus, i
,SVn»* of smell. Smelling, (F.) Odorat.  The sense
by which we perceive the impressions made on I,
tiic olfactory nerves by the odorous particles sus- ||
jii'iuled in the atmosphere.  The  olfactory nerve
or first pair has usually been considered the great
nerve of smell;  and it is probably the nerve  of
Bpecial sensibility, general sensibility being com-
municated by the branches of the fifth pair, dis- :
tributed on the pituitary membrane of the  nose
and sinuses.
  OLFACTIYE, Olfactory.
  OLFACTORY, 01 factive,  Olfactions, Olfacto'-
rius, Ospht-an'ticus, Ospln tiute'rius, Osphre'tictts,
(¥.)  Olfactif.  Same etymon.  That which  be-
longs or relates to the sense  of smell.
  Olfactory Bulb, see Olfactory nerves.
  Oi.fac'tory Foram'ina, (F.)  Trous olfactifs,
are the holes in the cribriform plate of the eth-
moid bone, through which  the   olfactory nerve
pusses.
  Olfactory Lobe, see Olfactory nerves.
  Oi.fac'tory Nerves,  Ethmoid'al nerves, Par-
print nut  Nervo' rum  cer'ebri,  Nervi odorato'rii,
J'lticts'sus   mamrlla'res   seu  jiajrilla'rum   seu
matnilltircs cer'ebri ad nares seu papilla'res, Ca-
rmt'cula in a m ilia'res,—the first pair ofencephalic
nerves.   This  nerve, which  probably arises from
the medulla oblongata, is obseived to leave the
brain, opposite the inner part of the  fissure of
 Sylvius, by three roots ; which, by  their union,
 form  a  triangular knot or expansion.  When  it
 reaches the ethmoid fossa it expands  and  forms
 a, triangular  ganglion, or grayish,  soft  bulb,—
 Bulbus  olfacto'rius,, Olfactory bulb, tubercle, or
 lube, ■—which furnishes, from its inferior surface,
 the branches  that have  to be distributed to the
 nasal fossie.  These filaments are  very numerous ;
 they pass through the foramina in the cribriform
 plate and enter  the nasal fossae.   They are dis-
 tinguished into the internal,  external, and middle.
 The former are distributed over the mucous mem-
 brane, covering  the  outer  paries  of  the  nasal
 fossa1;  the second descend upon the septum, and
 the third are lost, almost  immediately,  on the
portion  of the pituitary membrane that lines the
vault of the fossa?.
   Olfactory Tubercle, see Olfactory nerves.
   OLFACTUS, Olfaction—o. Acutus, Hyperos-
phresia — o.   Ainissio,  Anosmia — o.  Deficiens,
Anosmia — o. Depravatus, Parosmia.
   0LII5ANUM,  see Juniperus lycia — o. Sylves-
tre, see  Pinus abies—o. Vulgare, see Pinus abies.
   OLIG.'EMIA, Anmniia, Hminaporia,  Hypa?raia.
   OLIGIDRIA, Ischidrosis.
   OLIGO,  from  oXtyos, 'few, little:' in composi-
tion has these significations.
  OLIGOBLEN'NIA,  from oligo,  and fiXtvva,
'mucus.'  A  deficiency of mucus.
  OLIGOCHOLIA, from oligo, and x°^ir 'bile.'
Paucity of bile.
  OLIGO CH'YL US. from oligo, and yyXos,
'juice,*' chyle.'  An epithet for food which is but
little nutritive ; which furnishes little chyle.
  OLIGOCOP'RIA,  from  oXtyos,  'few,'  and
to-rrpos, 'excrement.'   Scantiness of alvine evacu-
ations.
  OLIGOCYTH.F/MTA,  from oligo,  Kvros.  'a
cell,'and 'atpa, 'blood.'  A condition ofthe blood
in which there is  paucity of red corpuscles.
  OLItiODACRYA. from  oligo, and (Wpu, 'a
tear'  Paucity of lachrymal secretion.
  OLIGOGALACTIA. Agalactia.
  OLICOCALIA. Agalaxis.
  0LIGO1LEMIA,  Anaemia,  Hoemaporia,  Hy-
pssmia.
   OLIGOPO'SIA, from oligo, and roots, 'drink.'
 Diminution in the quantity of drinks.
   OLIGOPSYCHIA. Imbecility.
   OLIGOSIA'LIA, from oligo, and  aiaXov, 'sali-
 va.'   Paucitv of saliva.
   OLIGOSPERMIA, from oligo,  and  tnteppa,
 'sperm.'  Paucity of spermatic secretion.
   OLIGOSPOND'YLUS, from oligo, 'small,' and
 oTtuvbvXos, 'a vertebra.' A monster with defective
 vertebrae.—Gurlt.
   OLIGOTRICHIA, from oligo, and fyf, 'hair.'
 Want of hair.  Paucit3' of hair.
   OLKiOTROPHTA, Par'dor.  nntrifio,  from
 oligo, and r//£^w, 'I nourish.'  Deficient nourish-
 ment.
   OLIGURE'SIA, Oliguresis, Oligoure'sis,  Oli-
 goure'sia,  from  oligo, and  ovpcu,  T pass urine.'
 Morbidly diraini.-bed urinary secretion.
   OLISTHEMA,  Luxation.
   OLIYA, Olea Europaea.
   OLIVAE, Corpora olivaria.
   OLIVAIRE,  Olive-shaped.
   Cautere Otiraire, of the French  surgeons, is a
 cautery whose extremity is terminated by a but-
 ton having the shape of an olive.
   OLIVARIS, Olive-shaped.
   OLIVARY, Olive-shaped—o. Bodies, Corpora
 olivaria.
   Ol.'lVARY Proc"ess, Proces'sus  OUva'ris, is a
 small ridge, running transversely between, and a
 little behind, the roots of the anterior clinoid pro-
 cesses of the sphenoid bone, and by some consi-
 dered as the fourth clinoid process.
   OLIVE,  see  Olea  Europaea — o. Tree,  Olea
 Europaea.
   OLIVE-SHAPED, Olira'ris,  Oiivifor'mis, Ol-
 ivary, (F.)  Oliraire.   Resembling an olive.  See
 Corpora, olivaria.
   OLIVES, PICKLED, Oolymbndes.
   OLIVIER, Olea Europaea—o. de Boheme, Le-
 dum palustre.
   OLIVIFORMIS. Olive-shaped.
   OLIVINA, see  Olea Eiiropica.
   OLLA CAPITIS.  Cranium.
   OLMITELLO,  MINERAL WATERS OF.  A
 thermal spring  in the isle of Ischia.   Tempera-
 ture. 100° Fahrenheit.
    OLOPHLYCTIDE, Herpes.
   OLOPIIO'NIA. from oXXur, „XXVur, ' I lose,' and
 Qurvn, 'voice.'  Congenital misconstruction ofthe
 vocal organs.—Good.
   Olopiionia Labii  Lobata, Harelip — o.  Lin-
 gua? frmnata, see  Ankyloglossum.
   OLSNITIUM,  Peucedanum palustre.
   OLUS, Lachanon.
   OLYMPIAN  SPRINGS, see Kentucky, mine-
 ral waters of.
   OMA, wpa, in the  termination of many words,
 is perhaps derived from urpos, 'crude, wild, imper-
 fect,' as in sarcoma, atheroma, Ac.
   OMACEPH'ALUS. (F.) Omaciphale, from
 wpos,  'the  shoulder,' and  aKttpaXos, 'devoid  of
 head.'   A genus of paracephalous monsters, with-
 out any neck—a slight depression indicating the
 limits of the head and body.—I. G. St.  Hilaire.
   OM'AGRA, Hoin'agra, from  u>i,os, 'the  shoul-
 der,' and aypa, 'a seizure.'  Gout in  the  shoulder.
   OMAL'GIA,  from  urpos,  'the  shoulder,' and
 aXyos, 'pain.'  Pain in the shouldar.
   OMARTHRITIS, frora  wpos, 'the  shoulder,'
 aptipov, 'a joint,' and itis, denoting  inflammation.
 Inflammation of the  shoulder-joint.
   OMARTHROCACE,  from  orpos,  'shoulder,'
 apBpov,  'a joint,'and  kokos, 'bad.'  Arthrocace  of
 the shoulder-joint.  Caries or suppuration of the
 shoulder-joint.
   OMA'SUM.  Omasus,  Manyplies, (Sc.)  lUmii-
| plies,  Monnyplies,  (F.)  Feuillet,   Millefeuillet, 
OMBILIC
6 5 2
ONCOTOMY
Livret, Psautier.  The third stomach of rumim
animals.
  OMBILIC,  Umbilicus.
  OMBILICAL, Umbilical.
  OMBRAGE, Nebula.
  OMENTA, Meninges.
  OMENTESIS, Epiploitis.
  OMENTITIS,  Epiploitis.
  OMENTULA,  Appendicula? pinguedinosae.
  OMENTUM, Epiploon—o. Colicum, Epiploon,
colic — o. Gastro-colicum,  Epiploon, gastro-colic
—o. Gastro-splenic,  Epiploon, gastro-splenic—o.
Great, Epiploon,  gastro-colic — o. Hepato-gastri-
cum,  Epiploon,  gastro-bepatic — o. Lesser,  Epi-
ploon, gastm-hepatic—o. Majus, Epiploon, gastro-
colic— o. Minus, Epiploon, gastro-hepatic — o.
Ossium, Periosteum—o. Sac of the, see Epiploon,
gastro-bepatic—o. Third, Epiploon, colic.
  OMICHESIS,  Micturition.
  OMICHMA, Urine.
  OMI'TIS, frora orpos, 'the shoulder,'and itis,
denoting inflammation.  Inflammation in or about
the shoulder-joint.
  OMMA, Eye, Vision.
  OMNIPHAGUS,  Omnivorous.
  OMN1VORE, Omnivorous.
  OMNIVOROUS,   Omniv'orus,  Omniph'agus,
Pantoph'agus, (F.)  Omnivore, from  omnis,  'all,'
and voro, T eat.'  An epithet for animals—Pan-
toph'agists—which eat every kind of food, animal
or vegetable.
  0M0.  In  tho  composition  of  anatomical
terms, an abridgment of ornos or ornus, the hu-
merus.
  OMO-CLAVICULAR, see Coraco-clavicular.
  OMOCOTYLE, see Glene.
  OMO-HYO'lDEUS, Cor'aco-hydideus, Hyoid is
Quartos Mus'cuius,  (F.) Scapulo-hyo'idien,  Omo-
hyoid ien, Omoplat-hyo'idien. This muscle is situate
obliquely at the sides and  front of the neck.  It
is slender, long, and flat.   It arises from the su-
perior costa of the scapula, near the semi-lunar
notch, and from the ligament  that runs across it,
and is inserted at the sides of the inferior margin
of the body of the os hyoides.   It consists of two
fasciculi, united by a common tendon, and is a true
digastric  muscle. It depresses the os  hyoides,
carrying  it a little  backwards,  and  to one side,
except when it acts with its fellow, when the bone
is depressed, and drawn obliquely backwards.
  OMOPHAG"IA, Omosit'ia, from  topos,  'raw,'
and (payor, ' 1 eat.'  Fondness  for raw food.  Eat-
ing of raw food.
   OMO PLATE, Scapula — o. Col de V, Collum
scapulae.
   OMOPLAT-HYO'lDIEN,  Omo-hyoideus.
  OMOS, Crude, Humerus.
  OMOSITIA, Omophagia.
  OMOTARTCHOS, from upos, 'the shoulder,'
and rapc^os,  ' pickled.'  Salsamen'tnm crudum ;
Salted  Tunny Fish,  in particular.   Properly, the
neck or shoulder-piece of a salted animal.   Once
much recommended  against the bites of vipers,
and in hydrophobia.
  OMOTES.  Crudity.
  OMOTOCIA, Abortion.
  OMOT'RIBES,  Oinphac"inum O'leum,  from
urpos, 'crude,'  and rpiftur, ' I bruise.' Oil expressed
from unripe olives.
   OMPHA'CION,  opifiaKiov, frora  opt/raxos, 'an
unripe grape ;'—Succns uva acer'ba.  Ompha'cium.
The iuice of unripe grapes. Also, Verjuice.
  OMPIIACITES  (VINUM).   A  name  given
to  wine prepared from the unripe  grape.   Om-
phaci'tis is the  name  of  a small  gall. — Dios-
corides.
  OMPHACIUM. Verjuice.
  OMPHACOM'ELI, from optpaKos,  'an unripe
t  grape,'and ptXt, 'honey.' A soit of oxymel, mado
   of the juice of unripe grapes and honey.
     OMPHALELCO'SIS. from op^uXos, 'the navel,'
   and 'cXkos, 'an ulcer.'   Ulceration ofthe navel.
     OMP1IALEXOCHE.  Exomphalus.
     OMPHALOCARPUS, Galium apari'ne.
     OMPHALOCELE, Exomphalos.
     OM'PIIALO-CRA'NIODID'YMUS, from  op-
   tpaXos,  'the  navel,'  spavtoi,  'the  cranium,' and
   btbvpos, 'a twin.'   A  double monster, in which tho
   umbilical cord or the rudiment of ono foetus ia
   rooted in the cranium of another.
     OMPHALOMANTI'A,  Oni'phalomancy, from
   optpaXos, 'the navel,' and pavreta, 'prophecy.'  A
   species of divination, practised by credulous ma-
   trons, who  pretend  to be able to know the num-
   ber of children a female will have, by the number
   of knots in the navel-string of the child.
     OM'PHALO-MESENTER'ICOH^/in/o-mescH-
   ter'icits, Om'phalo-mcsara'icns; from optpaXos, 'tho
   navel,' and mesenterium, 'the mesentery.'
     Omphalo-Mesenteric  Vessels,  Vitello-me-
   senter-'ic, Vit'elline vessels.  Haller gave this name
   to two very fine vessels, which spread their rami-
   fications on the parietes of the umbilical vesicle.
   There is an  oinphulo-meseiiterie  artery and t-ei'ii.
   The omphalo-mesenteric artery is a branch of tho
   superior mesenteric;—the  vein empties itself into
   the trunk, or into one of the branches of the su-
   perior mesenteric.  Velpeau affirms, that they
   inosculate with a branch  of the second or third
   order of those great vessels, with those in  parti-
   cular that are distributed  to the ca?cum, and  he
   regards them to be the vessels of nutrition of the
   umbilical  vesicle.  They  are occasionally met
   with  in the foetus, at the full period, under the
   form of whitish filaments,  which extend from the
   mesenteric vessels to the umbilicus.
     0 M P H A L 0 - MESERAIC,  Omphalo-mesen-

     OMPHALONCUS,  Omphalophyma.
     OMPHALON EUR ORRHEXIS, Ompha-
   lorrhexis.
     OMPHALOPHLEBITIS, from optpaXos, 'the
   umbilicus,' and phlebitis, 'inflammation of a vein.'
   Inflammation of the umbilical vein.
     OMPHALOPHY'MA, Omphalon'cns, from op-
   tpaXos, 'the navel,' and arvpa, 'tumour.'   A tume-
   faction of the navel.
      OMPHALOPROPTOSIS, Exomphalus.
     OMPIIALORRHAG " IA,   Omphalor' rhage,
   frora  op^aXos, 'the umbilicus,'  and priywpt,  T
   break out.'   Hemorrhage  from the umbilicus, in
   the new-born in particular.
     OMPIIALORRHEXTS, from optpaXos, 'navel,'
   and pn^is, 'rupture.' Omphaloneurorrhex'is. Rup-
   ture of the navel string.
     OMPHALOS, Umbilicus.
      OMPHALOSITE, from  optpaXos,  'the navel,'
   and airos,  'nourishment.'  A  monster that pos-
   sesses an imperfect kind  of life, which  ceases
   when the umbilical cord is divided.
      OMPHALOT'OMY,  Omphafotom'ia, from  op-
   tpaXos, 'the umbilicus,'and rcpvur, 'I cut.'  The
   division of the navel string.
      OMPHALUS,  Umbilicus.
      OMUS, Crude, Humerus.
      ONAGRA, Oenothera biennis.
      ONANIA, Masturbation.
      ONANISM, Masturbation.
      ON-COME.  A Scotch  term, according to  Sir
   Walter Scott, for  "mysterious diseases,  which
   baffle the regular physician."
      ONCOS, Tumour.
      ONCO'SES, from oyxos, 'a tumour.'  Tumours,
   as diseases.
      ONCOSIS, Intumescence.
      ONCOT'OMY,  Oncotom'ia,   Onkotomy,  from
   oyKos, 'a tumour,' and ropi,  'incision.' The open- 
0NCT10N
ing of an  abscess with a cutting instrument, or
the excision of a tumour.
   QSUTION, Inunction.
   ON't'US, Swelling, Tumour.
   OS-DULA TION, Fluctuation.
   ONERERRY, Paris.
   ONEIROCRITTCUS, Oneiroc'rites, frora  ovti-
 pns, 'a dream,' and Kptais, 'judgment.'  One who
 judges according to dreams.
   ONEIRODYNTA, from oveipos, and obvvn,
 'pain.'  Painful dreams.  Incubus and Somnam-
 bulism are oneirodynia).
   Oneirodynia  Activa, Paroniria,  Somnambu-
 lism—o. Gravans, Incubus.
   ONEIRODYNIE GRAVATIVE, Incubus.
   OXEIROG'MUS,  Oneirog'yue, Oneiropol'esis,
 from  oveipos,  'a dream.'  A lascivious  dream;
 pollution ;  nocturnal pollution.
   ONEIROGONORRHffiA, Pollution, nocturnal.
   ONEIROCONOS, Pollution.
   ONEIROLOGY,  Oneirolotfia, from  oveipos,
 'a dream,'and  Xoyos, 'a description.'  The doc-
 trine  of dreams.
   ONEIROMANTI'A, from oveipos, 'a  dream,'
 nnd pavrtta, 'divination.'  The art of divining by
 dreams; or of interpreting dreams.
   ONEIRON'OSUS, from  ovtipos, and voaos, 'a
 disease.'  Somnia'tio morbo'sa.  Morbid, uneasy
 dreaming.
   ONEIROPOLESIS,  Oneirogmus.
   ON ERA ALVI, Excrement.
   OS'GLADE, Paronychia.
   OSGLE, Nail—o. Income, Onychogryphosis.
   ONGLEE (F.),  Digito'rum  stujror  d  gelu.
 Painful numbness  at the  extremities of the fin-
 gers,  caused by cold.
   OXGLET, Pterygion.
   OS'GUENT, Unguentum—o.  d'Althea, Ungu-
 entum de  Altha?a—o. Blanc, Ceratum cetacei—o.
 de Blanc  de  baleine,  Unguentum  cetacei — o.
 lllnnc de  Rhazes, Unguentum plumbi subcarbo-
 natis— o. de Ciruse,  Unguentum plumbi  subcar-
 bonatis—o. Citrin contre la gale.  Unguentum hy-
 drargyri nitras—o. Digestif simple,  Unguentum
 digestivum simplex — o. Gris, Unguentum  oxidi
 hydrargyri cinereum—o. de Guimanre, Unguen-
 tum de althaea — o. de  Lauder. Unguentum lau-
 rinum—o. Met-cnriel, Unguentum hydrargyri—o.
 Xtipolitain, Unguentum hydrargyri—o. de Nitrate
 de mercure, Unguentum hydrargyri  nitratis — o.
 de Poix et de cire, Basilicon—o. de Soldat,  Mar-
 tiatum unguentum — o. de  Sureau,  Unguentum
 sambuci — o.  de Tornamira, Unguentum  plumbi
 subcarbonatis.
   ONION, COMMON,  Allium  cepa — o.  Sea,
 Scilla.
   OXIS'CUS, Asel'lus,  Cu'tio, Porcellio, Pored'-
 his, Par'cuius, diminutive  of ovos, 'a small  ass.'
 A genus of insects, Class, Crustacea, very  com-
 mon in cellars and dark and moist places.
   Onisci Aselli, Millep'edes, Aselli, Millep'eda,
 Fubtt, Wood-lice, Slaters, Hog-lice, (F.)  Clopor-
 tes ordinaires, had, at  one time, a place in the
 pharmacopoeias. They were considered stimulant
 and diuretic, and useful in jaundice.
   OXITIS, Origanum dictamnus.
   ONKOTOMY, Oncotomy.
   ONOLOSAT, Obolus.
   OXOMATOOLESIS, Nomenclature
   ONOMATOLOGIA, Nomenclature.
   ONONIS ANTIQUORUM, 0. spinosa.
  Oxo'nis Arven'sis, (F.) Bngrane des champs,
has properties like the next.
  Ononis  Spino'sa, Ano'nis,  Resta sen Arres'ta
lovil,  Rem'ora Ara'tri, Ononis ttntiquo'rum, Rest
narrow, (F.) Arrele-bteuf. Bugrande (pineuse, Bu-
giane.   Nat. Ord. Leguminosae.  Sex. Syst. Dia-
delphia  Decandria.  Tbe root of this plant was
onoe used as a diuretic.
653                OPACITY
  ONOPORDON  ACANTHIUM,  Onopor'dum
acan'thutm, Car'duus  tomento'sus,  Acan'thiitm,
Ac'anos, A. spina. Spina  alba,  Cotton  Thistle,
(F.) Chardon aux Anes.  Ord. Compositae.   Sex.
Syst. Syngenesia  Polygamia a?qualis.  The ex-
pressed juice has been  recommended as a cure for
cancer, applied externally.
  ONOPORDUM  ACANTHIUM,   Onopordon
acanthium.
  ONTIIUS, Fimus.
  OSYCllk'TKOVtl'l^Atroph'iaun'giiirim^rom
ovuf, ovv%os, 'a nail,' and atrophia, 'want of nour-
ishment.'  Atrophy of the  nails.
  ONYCHAUX'E, Hypertroph'ia un'giiium, from
oi/uf, ovv%os, 'a nail,' and avfy, 'increase.'  Unu-
sual increase  of the  size  and thickness  of the
nails.
  ONYCHEXALLAXTS,  from  ovv{,  ovvxos, 'a
nail,' and e^aXXa^ts, ' change.  A morbid condition
of the nails.
  ONYCHIA, Paronychia.
  ONYCHITIS,  from omf, owxos,  'a nail,'and
itis, denoting  inflammation.  Inflammation of a
nail.   See Paronychia.
  ONYCHOCLASIS,  frora ovvi;,  ow^os, 'a nail,'
and kXhois, 'fracture.'  Fracture of a nail.
  ONYCHOCRYPTOSIS,  Onychogryphosis.
  ONYC H 0 G R Y P H 0 ' S I S, Onychotp-ypo'sis,
Onydiogrypto'sis,  Onj/cliocryplo'sis,  Gripho'sis,
Grypho'sis, Onyx'is, from  owl;, ovvx°s, ' a nail,'
and gryposis, 'crookedness.'  Curvature  ofthe
nails ;  such as occurs in hectic individuals.  Also,
growing in of the nails ; Incarna'tio seu Adunca'-
tio  seu Arrtu'ra  un'giiium, (F.) Ongle incarui.
  0N\(TION'0SI, Onychonu'si, froraovv£. ovvyos,
'a  nail,' and  voaos, 'a disease.'   Disease* of the
nails.
  ONYCIIOPHTHORA,  Onychophtho'ria, Ony-
coph'thora,  Onyeophtho'ria,  from  ovuf, ovvyos,
'the nail,'  and tpSopa, 'degeneration.'   A degene-
rate condition or destruction of the nails.
  ONYCHOPHYMA,   from  o™(,  owXos,  'the
nail,' and </,vpu,  ' a tumour.'  A painful degene-
ration of the  nails, which  become thick, rough,
and crooked.  It occurs as a symptom of syphi-
lis and of lepra.
  ONYCHOPTOSIS,   Piptonyc'hia,  Dia'resis
Uii'tjnla, from owl;, ovvxos, 'a nail,' and zrtnats,
' falling.'  The falling off of the nails.
  ONYCOPHTHORA. Onycbophthora.
  ONYX, Hook (blunt). Nail, Pterygion. Also, a
collection of purulent matter between the laminae
of the cornea, having tbe shape  of a nail.   Un-
guis Lunula.
  ONYXIS, Onychogryphosis.
  ONYXITIS, see Paronychia.
  OOCYESIS. Pregnancy,  ovarian.
  OODEOCELE, see Hernia (forauiinis ovalis.)
  OODES, Aqueous humour. Oval.
  OOG'ALA, Obg'la, Oala, Puis ex Oris et Lacte.
Milk of eggs, from urov, 'an  egg,'and  yaXa, 'milk.'
A preparation of eggs and milk.
  OOGLA, Oogala.
  OOIDES, Aqueous humour, Oval.
  OOLEMMA PELLUCTDUM, Zona pellucida.
  OOLOG"IA,  Ovoltrg""ta,  Ovology,  from wov,
'an  ovum  or  egg,' and  Xoyos,  'a discourse,' 'a
description.'  A  description of the ovum.
  OON.  Ovum.
  00N1NE, Albumen.
  OOPII'AGOUS, O'tiph'agus, from woi, 'an egg,
and tpayw, ' I eat.'  Feeding on eggs.
  OOPHORAUXE. Oarioparectama.
  OOPHORITIS, Onritis.
  OOPHORON,  Ovary.
  OORITIS. Oaritis.
  OPACITY,  Opac"itas,  Opakeness;   frora
opacare,  'to obscure.'  Quality of that which is 
OPAKE
654
OPHTHALMIA
opake.  The property possessed by some  bodies
of not allowing the light to traverse them.   It is
opposed to transparency.   Opacity of the cornea
constitutes albugo or leucoma; — opacity of the
crystalline causes cataract.
  OPAKE',  Opa'cus,  Opa'cous.  Same etymon.
An epithet given to bodies, which do not  permit
the passage of rays of light.  The opake  cornea
is the sclerotica, in contradistinction to  the trans-
parent cornea or true cornea.
  OPAKENESS, Opacity.
  OP'ALINE.  That which resembles the  opal.
A fluid is said to be  opaline, when milky,  and
when it presents  an appearance more or less like
that of the opal.
  OPEOCELE, see Hernia.
  OPERATIO,  Action,  Operation —o.  Chirur-
gica, see  Operation — o. Chytnica seu  pharma-
ceutica,  Operation, chymical,  Ac. — o. Simplex,
Haplotomia.
  OPERATION, Opera'tio, from opus,  open's,
'work.'   The  application of instruments to the
human body with the  view of  curing  disease.
The object of an operation, opera'tio chirur'gica,
is generally to divide or reunite parts, to  extract
extraneous or noxious bodies, and to replace or-
gans that are wanting, by different instruments
or artificial means.  The principal operatory me-
thods  have been  called Synthesis, Diaresis, Era-
rests, and Prothesis.  Frequently, the most diffi-
cult  subject  connected  with an  operation  is to
decide when it is absolutely called for or advisa-
ble, and when improper.
   OPERATION A  LAMBEAU, see  Flap.
   Operation, Bilateral, see Lithotomy—o. Ci-
sarienne, Caesarean section.
   Operation. Chym'ical or Pharmaceutical,
 Opera'tio chym'ica seu  phannaceu'tica,  is  any
process whose object is the preparation of medi-
cines; their combinations  with  each other, ana-
lysis,  and decomposition; — such are, solution,
distillation,  sublimation,  evaporation,  digestion,
maceration,  infusion,  decoction, calcination, Ac.
 Some of these operations are mechanical; others,
really chymical.
   Operation, High, see  Lithotomy — o.  Lateral,
 see  Lithotomy—o. Sigaultian,  Symphyseotomy.
   OP'ERATOR.  Same  etymon.  A  surgeon
 who is in the habit of practising the greater ope-
 rations.  One who performs any operation.   To
 be a good operator, the surgeon must be well ac-
 quainted  with anatomy,  and be possessed of
 strong nerve.  See Surgeon.
   OPER'CULUM,  Operlo'rium,  Operimen'tum,
 from  opedre, ' to  cover.'   A cover or  lid.  In
 fishes, the gill cover.
   Operculum Aspera  Arteri.®, Larynx—o.
 Cutis, Epidermis — o. llei, Bauhin, valve of—o.
 Laryngis, Epiglottis—o.  Oculi, Palpebra.
   Operculum Papilla'ru.m.   A  shield  for the
 nipple.
   OPERIMENTUM, Operculum —o.  Intestino-
 rum, Epiploon — o. Prmtensum abdominis, Peri-
 tonaeum.
   OPERTORIUM, Operculum.
   OPHELIA CHIRATA. Gentiana chirayta.
   OPHIASIS, Calvities. Porrigo decalvans.
   OPHIOGLOS'SUM VULGATUM,  0. ova'turn
 seu echinoglos'suin, (otpts, 'a serpent.' and  yXortrtra,
 ' n tongue,') Lingua serpenta'ria.  Adder's  Tongue,
 (¥.)  Langne  de Serpent.  Ord.  Filices.   Sex.
 Syst.  Cryptogatnia.   This plant was formerly
 considered to be vulnerary.
   OPHIOPH'AGOUS,  Ophioph'agns,  from  o<pts,
 'a serpent,' and tpayta,  T eat.'  An  epithet for
 animals which feed on serpents.   Pliny has called
 certain African tribes by this name.
   OPHIORRHI'ZA,  0.  ninii,,as. from  o-pts, 'a
 serpent,' and pi£«, 'root.'  /■' • nil if, Gentianaceae.
Sex. Syst.  Pentandria  Digynia.  The  name  of
the plant whose root has been called Radix Ser-
pen'turn, Mungos Radix.  The bitter root is much
esteemed in Java.  Sumatra, Ac,  for preventing
the effects that usually  follow the bite  of the
naja, a venomous serpent;  with which  view it is
eaten by the natives.   It is, also, a reputed an-
thelmintic.
   OPHIOXYLON, Ophioxylum.
   OPHIOX'YLUM, frora o$ts,  'a serpent,' and
1-vXov, ' wood.'   Ophioxylum seu Ophioxylon ser-
pent V num  seu  trifolia'tum, Acawe'ria, Lignum
serpentina, Ord. Apocynaceae, has been  recom-
mended in the bites of serpents, and in intermit-
tents.  It is said to be very bitter.
   OPHIS, Serpent.
   OPHITES, from oipts,  'a serpent.'  Serpentl-
nus, Ser'pentine or  Black Por'phyry.  This rock
was formerly worn  as an amulet, to cure diseases
of the head.
   OPHROSTAPHYLON, Bryonia alba.
   OPHRYS, Supercilium.
   OPHTHALMALGIA,  from  o<p$aXpoS,  'the
eye,' and aXyos, ' pain.'  Pain in tho eye.  Neu-
ralgia of the eye.
   OPHTHALMEMPASMA, Collyrium siccum.
   OPHTHAL'MIA, Ophthalmitis, from o<p$aXpos,
'the eye.'   Oeulo'rum infiamma'tio, Canina oph-
thalmitis,  Ophthahnopo'nia, Inflrinirnii'tion of the
Eye,  Ophthalmy,  (F.)  Ophthalmie, Ophthalmite,
Infiammation de loeil,  Catarrhe  ocnlaire.  Three
great varieties of ophthalmia, independently  of
the acace and chronic (which conditions occur in
all inflammations,)  may be  reckoned :—the Oph-
thalmia niernbranarum, 0. purulenta, and 0. tarsi.
The first is characterized by the  general symp-
toms  of  ophthalmia;—pain and  redness of the
eye or its appendages;  with intolerance of light,
and unusual flow of tears,- the inflammation being
seated chiefly in the coats  of the eyeball. It is
the Hymenophthalmia, Ophthalmia tarax'is sen
hu'mida  seu  vera  seu  cherno'sis,  Conjunctivitis,
Infiamma'tio conjunctiva,  Symphynteni'tis,  Syn-
desmi'tis, Catarr'hal ophthalmia, Ophthithiio-ctni-
junctivi'tis, Epiph'ora (Galen), Conjunctival or
Lach'rymOse  Ophthalmia,  Tarax'is  (Paulus  of
Mgina),  Cherno'sis (Aetius), (F.) Conjonetivite,
Inflammation  de la conjunctive.  In the second,—
 Ophthalmia purulen'tasen pnriform'is, Bleunopli-
thalmia, Bleph'aroblenorrhee'a,  Opthtthnobleniurr-
rha>a, Blennorrhcea oc'uli — the internal  surface
of the palpebra? associates in the inflammation
of the eye-ball ; and there is a copious secretion
of a purulent fluid. An epidemic and contagious
[?] variety of this  is the ^Egyptian Ophthalmia,
 0. epidenlica  seu purttlen'ta  epitleni'ica seu con-
tagio'sa  seu catarrha'lis bellica seu bellieu seu
Asiat'ica seu  purulenta contagio'sa, Blennorrhte'a
 Oculi jEgyptiaca,  Lmrnopli thai mia. Conjunctivi-
tis piiro-mitco'sa contagio'sa seu xEgyptnieu, Ble-
pharo'tis glanditla'ris contagio'sa, Adem'tis pal-
 pebra' rum contagiosa, Sup'purative  ophthalmia,
 Epidemic contagious ophthalmia — called Egyp-
 tian, from its prevalence in Egypt during the
 British Expedition under Sir Ralph Abercronibie.
 The inflammation  is rapid  and  destructive; gra-
 nulations shoot from the tunica conjunctiva, and
 occasionally there  is intolerable pain, often suc-
 ceeded  by delirium.   In  new-born  children, a
 species  of purulent ophthalmia,  0.  pm-itlen'ta
 infan'tum seu nconato'riim, Blepharophthntmin
 seu Lippitn'do seu Blcnnorrhm'a  Oc'uli seu Opii-
 thaimo-blennorrhee'a  seu Blcpharn-bleiiiitrrrliic'ti
 sen Blepharo-pyorrhrp'ti seu Pi/ophthalmia, I «nr-
 ophthnlmia neonato'rum, Ailenosyiichitont'tis. (V.)
 Ophthalmie pitriforine  des noiircaii-nh, in which
 the palpebra?  are florid and  peculiarly tumid, ia
 by no means  uncommon.   It seems to be cnufid
 by acrid discharges from  the mother, applied to 
OPIITIIALMIATER         6 5-">             OPHTHALMIC
the eye of the infant during its exit; or to  the |
stimulus of the light, when the child first opens
its eyes.  A severe form  of purulent ophthalmia
__flijpercnnjonctivite (Piorry)  -is  produced by
the application of gonorrhceal matter to the eye. |
It is the Ojilithalmia gonorrho'ica, Blennorrh'e'a
i,villi gonorrho'ica,  Gonorrhoblepharrhte'a, Con-
junctivitis blennorrhag"i'-n seu gonorrho'ica,  Go-
ittirrhtn'al Ophthalmia, (F.) Ophthalmie  blennor-
ihat/ique, Cotijoitt-livite blennorrhagiqite.
  Ophthalmia is likewise modified by the condi-
tion of the constitution, and hence we have stru-
mous, variolous, and  other  inflammations of the
conjunctiva.
  The third variety — the Ophthalmia  Tarsi  seu
glutii.o'si. III,-pharophthal'mia, Ilte/,hurotis, B/e-
pharoti'tis,  Blepharitis, Bit-pharail, ni'tis, Psor-
oplithalmia,  Oc'uli palpebra'rum sea'bies jiruri-
gino'sa, Adenophthalmia—is seated chiefly in Ce
tarsus; the sebaceous crypts  secreting a viscid
and acrid fluid, that glues and ulcerates its edges,
and irritates  the eye.
  The different forms of inflammation of the con-
junctiva are thus  classed by M. Desmarres :
T.  Pure or phlegmonous.
 2.  Pustular.
Conjunctivitis.....■
3.  Granular or catarrhal.
'Contagious.
 Non-contagious.
 Miasmatic.
Exanthematic.
f Erysipelatous.
', Variolous.
 Morbillous.
 Scarlatinous.
                        f Of new-born infants.
4.  Purulent..................X Gonorrhceal.
                        I Egyptian.
  Conjunctivitis, when slight, requires little treat-
ment: the antiphlogistic regimen—and, particu-
larly, avoiding exposure to light,—being all that
is  necessary.   When  more  severe,  along   with
this, general and  local blood-letting, especially
by leeches to  the side  of the septum narium,
must be employed so as  to make a decided im-
pression on the system: with nauseating  doses
of antimony,  purgatives, blisters (at some dis-
tance from the  organ), refrigerants;  and astrin-
gents, cold or warm, according to circumstances,
lo tbe eye. In  Purulent  Ophthalmy, these  mea-
sures must be  still more actively employed, other-
wise  disorganization will  speedily follow:—the
granulations,  which  form on the adnata of the
eyelids may be removed with the scissors, and
the sore  be touched with a solution of  alum.
Ophthalmia  Tarsi  must  be treated on general
principles, when  severe.   It usually, however,
requires merely the  antiphlogistic  regimen, with
the occasional  use,  especially  at  night,  of  a
slightly stimulating  ointment, such as the ungu-
entum hydrargyri nitrico-oxydi,  considerably re-
duced with  lard.   The ointment prevents the
eyelids from  being  glued  together  during the
night, and thus obviates the irritation "caused by
attempts at separating them.
   Ophthalmia, ^Egyptian, see  Ophthalmia—o.
Asiutica,  see  Ophthalmia—o.  Bellica. see  Oph-
thalmia— o. Biliosa, Ophthalmocholosis — o. Ca-
tarrhal, see Ophthalmia — o. Catarrhalis bellica,
see Ophthalmia—o. Chronica, Lippitudo—o. Con-
junctival, see Ophthalmia — o.  Contagiosa, see
Ophthalmia — o. Epidemica, see Ophthalmia — o.
Glutinosa, see Ophthalmia — o. Gonorrhoica, see
Ophthalmia — o. Gonorrhceal, see Ophthalmia —
o. Hutnida, see  Ophthalmia—o.  Lachrymose, see
Ophthalmia — o. Membranaruin, see  Ophthalmia
— o. Neonatorum, see Ophthalmia — o. Phlycte-
nular, see Ophthalmia — o. Puriformis,  see Oph-
thalmia—o. Purulenta, see Ophthalmia—o.  Puru-
lenta contagiosa, see Ophthalmia —o. Purulenta
epidemica, see Ophthalmia — o. Purulenta infan-
tum, see Ophthalmia — o.  Rheumatic, Sclerotitis
— o.  Sicca, Xerophthalmia — o.  Suppurative, see
Ophthalmia — o.  Taraxis, see  Ophthalmia—o.
Tarsi, see Ophthalmia—o. Ulcerosa, Helcoph-
thiilmia—o. Varicose, Cirsophthalmia — o.  Vera,
see Ophthalmia.
   OPIITIIALMIATER,  Oculist.
   0P1IT HALMIATRI'A, Ophthalmiatrotech'-
niea, Ophthalmotherapi'a, (F.) Oculistique; from
ophthalmos,  and tarpos, 'a physician.'   The art
of the oculist.  Treatment of diseases ofthe eye.
  OP HTIIALMIATROTECHNICA,  Ophthal-
miatria.
  OPIITHAL'MIC,  Ophthalmicus,  frora  oph-
thalmos.   That which  relates  or  belongs  to
the eye.
  Ophthalmic Artery, A. orbitaire, (Ch.) arises
from  the  internal  carotid, and  issues  from the
cranium by the foramen opticum.  At  first, it is
situate at the outer and lower side of the optic
nerve, but ascends  above this  nerve, and passes
towards the  inner  angle  of the  orbit.  It fur-
nishes, in  its  course, the lachrymal, centralis re-
tina,  infra-orbitars, ciliaries,  anterior  ciliaries,
inferior ami  superior musculars, anterior and
ptrstcrior  ethmoidals, and  superior and inferior
palpebrals.   After  having  given  off these, it di-
vides into two branches — the frontal and nasal,
which furnish a number of ramifications, — some
superficial, others deep-seated.
  Ophtiial'mic  Gang'lion, Lentic'ular or Cil-
iary ganglion. Ganglion oplithalmiciim  seu semi-
luna're seu cilia're, G. orbitaire (Ch.), is one  of
the smallest ganglions of  the  body, and formed
by the 5th and .'!d pairs of encephalic nerves.  It
is situate  at the outer side of the optic nerve near
the bottom  of the  orbit.;  is irregularly  quadri-
lateral and flat; its colour of a reddish gray.
Behind, it communicates by its posterior angles
—by means of nervous filaments—with  the nasal
nerve  of  the  ophthalmic,  the  motor oculi, and
offsets from  the sympathetic.   Each of its ante-
rior angles furnishes a fasciculus  of small nerves.
These are the ciliary nerves.
  Ophthalmic Nerve. Ophthalmic Nerve  of
Willis, Orbito-frontal, (Ch.) is the smallest and
first of the  three branches given off by the 5th
pair.   It  proceeds  along the  external  paries  of
the cavernous sinus, and  enters  the  orbit  by
the sphenoidal fissure.   It divides into three
branches, one, external — the lachrymal nerve ;
another, superior — frontal nerve; and  the last,
internal — the nasal  nerve.   See Lachrymai,
Frontal, Nasal.
  Ophthalmic or Optic Remedy. Ophthal'micum
seu Op'ticum,  (F.)  Topique ophthalmique, is  a
medicine  employed in ophthalmia.
  Ophthalmic Sinus, see  Cavernous Sinus.
  Ophthalmic Vein has the  same  arrangement
as  the artery, which it  accompanies  in all its
divisions.   It issues from the  orbit at  the inner 
OPHTHALMICA             65G               OPIATUS
part of the sphenoidal fissure, and discharges its
blood into the cavernous sinus.
  The name Facial Ophthalmic has been given
to the branch by which  the facial vein communi-
cates with tbe ophthalmic.
  OPHTHALMICA, Euphrasia officinalis.
  OPHTHALMICI EXTERNI,  Motores oculo-
rum.
  OPHTHALMICUM, Ophthalmic remedy.
  OPHTHALMIDIUM, Microphthalmus.
  OPHTHALMIE PURTFORME DES NOU-
 VEAU-NES, see  Ophthalmia—o. Blennorrha-
giqne, see Ophthalmia.
  OPHTHALMITE, Ophthalmia.
  OPHTHALMITIS, Ophthalmia. This term is
occasionally  restricted  to  inflammation  of the
globe of the eye, in which, both the external and
internal structures are involved.
  OPHTHALMIUM, Microphthalmus.
  OPHTHALMO-BLENNORRHGEA,   Ophthal
raia(purulent)—o.b. Neonatorum,  see Ophthalmia
(purulenta infantum).
  OPHTHALMO-CARCINO'MA, from ophthal-
mos, and Kapntvorixa, ' cancer.'  Cancer of the eye.
  OPHTHALMOCELE, Exophthalmia.
  OPHTHALMOCHOLO'SIS, from ophthalmos,
and x°^i' 'bile;' Ophthalmia bilio'sa.   Ophthal-
mia from biliary excitement.
  OPHTHALMOCHROITES, see Choroidea tu-
nica.
  OPHTHALMO-CONJUNCTIVITIS, see Oph-
thalmia.
  OPHTHALMOCOPIA, Copyopia.
  OPHTHALMODULI'A, frora ophthalmus, and
bovXtta, 'servitude.'  Eye-service.   The title of a
book by Bartisch on diseases of  the eye.
  OPHTHALMODYNTA, frora ojrhthalmos, and
obvvrj.' pain,' especially rheumatic pain of the eye.
Plenck has given this name  to neuralgia of the
frontal nerve, in which the pain radiates particu-
larly towards the bottom of the orbit.  See Neu-
ralgia, frontal.
  Ophthalmodynia Periodica,  Neuralgia,  fa-
cial.
  OPIITHALMCEDE'MA, from  ophthalmos, and
oibnpa, 'oedema.'   (Edema of the conjunctiva.
  OPHTHALMOGRAPHY,  from  ophthalmos,
and ypatpn, ' a description.' The part of anatomy
which gives a description  of the eye.  An ana-
tomical description of the eye.
  OPHTHALMOL'OGY, Ophthalmolog"ia, Oph-
 thalmotology, from ophthalmos, and Xoyos,  'a dis-
course.'  The part of anatomy which treats of the
 eye.  An anatomical  treatise on the eye.  A de-
scription of the eye in health and disease.
  OPHTHALMOMETER, from ophthalmos, and
perpov, ' measure.'   An instrument  of the nature
of compasses, invented by F.  Petit, for measuring
the capacity of the anterior and posterior cham-
bers of the eye in  anatomical experiments.
  OPHTHALMOMYITIS,  Ophthalmamyosi'tis,
from ophthalmos,  pvs, 'a muscle,' and itis, de-
noting inflammation.  Inflammation of the mus-
cles of the eye.
  OPHTHALMOPARALYSIS,  Ophthalmople-
gia.
  OPHTHALMOPHLEBOTOM'IA, from oph-
 thalmos, tpXt^., ' a vein,'  and  ropn, ' incision.'
Bleeding from the vessels of  the conjunctiva.
  0 P lit IIA L M 0 PHTHAR'SIS, Ophthalmo-
 phthi'sis, frora ophthalmos, and  tpQapats, 'corrup-
tion.'  Destruction of the eyeball.
  OPHTHALMOPHTHISIS, Ophthalmophthar-
sis.
  OPHTHALMOPLEGIA,  Ophthalmoparaly-
sis,  from  ophthalmos,  and rrX-ioaor, T  strike.'
Paralysis of one or more of the muscles of the eye.
  OPHTHALMOPONIA, Ophthalmia.
  OPIITHALMOPTO'SIS.from ophthalmos, and
moots, 'a prolapse.'  A word employed by some
authors in tbe sense of exophthalmia; by  others,
in that of hydrophthalmia.
  OPHTHALMORRHAG"IA, from ophthalmos,
and pnyvvpi, T break  forth.'  Hemorrhage from
the tunica conjunctiva.  It is rare.
  OPHTHALMOS, Eye.
  OPHTHALMOSCOPE,  see Ophthalmoscopia.
  0 P H TII A L M 0 S C 0 1"IA, Ophthalmoscopy,
from ophthalmos, and oko-km, T regard attend vel v.'
The art of judging of the temper, Ac, of « per-
son by examining  his  eyes.  The  art of judging
of health  or disease by inspection of the eyes.
Exploration of the  eyes in order  to a diagnosis.
  An Ophthalmoscope,  oplithalmoscop'iuin, oph-
thalmos'eopum, has been invented, which  by re-
flecting the light on the retina enables the con-
dition of the interior of the eye to  be appreciated.
To a form of the ophthalmoscope the name Anttg-
nos'takis has  been given, after a young Greek
physician, who, it  was thought, invented it.
  OPHTIIALMOSTATUM, (F.) Ophthalmostat,
from ophthalmos, and oraais, 'station;' Speculum
Oc'uli.  An instrument for fixing  the eye.
  OPHTHALMOTHERAPIA, Ophthnlmiatria,
  OPHTHALMOTOLOGY, Ophthalmology.
  OPHTHALMOTOMY,  Ophthahnotom'ia, from
ophthalmos and rcpvoi,  'I cut.'  The part  of ana-
tomy which  treats of the dissection of the eye.  It
has,  also, been applied to extirpation  of the eye.
  OPHTHALMOXEROSIS, Xerophthalmia.
  OPHTHALMOX'YSIS, from ophthalmos, and
£tiw,  ' I scrape.'  A name given to the scarifica-
tion  sometimes practised on the  conjunctiva, in
cases of ophthalmia.
  OPHTHALMOXYSTRUM, Ophthahnoxys'ter,
Ophthalmoxyste'riuin,  Xy strum   ophthal mieiiin.
Same etymon.  An instrument for scraping tho
eye.   Name given  to  a small brush, witb barbs
like an ear of barley or rye, intended to scarify
the eyelids in  certain cases of ophthalmia.
  OPHTHALMUS, Eye.
  OPHTHALMYMENTTIS, Ophthahnohymenl-
tis, frora ophthalmos, 'vprjv, ' membrane,' and itis,
denoting inflammation.  Inflammation of  one or
more of the membranes of the eye.
  OP I ACE, Opiate.
  OPIACUM, Opiatum.
  OPIANE, Narcotine.
  O'PIANINE, Opiani'na, Opia'nia; (romopium,
An alkaloid discovered in opium, which resem-
bles morphia in its properties, and doses.
  OPIANUM, Narcotine.
  OPIAT. Opiate — o. Dentifrice, Dentifrice.
  O'PIATE,  Opia'tum,  Opiu'cnni,  Papnvera'-
ceum, Meco'nieiim, (F.) Opiat, Opiacie, from o-ittov,
(ottos, 'juice,')  'opium.'  A medicine containing
opium.  A  medicine  that procures  sleep.  An
electuary; — formerly, an electuary which con-
tained opium.
  O'PIATED,  Opia'tus.   Impregnated with opi-
um.  Affected by opium.
  OPIA'TUM FEBRIF'UGUM, Electua'riiim de
Kina Kind;  Elec'tuary  of Cincho'na.   (Pitlr.
cinch, gxviij,  ammon. muriat. q), mellis, syrup.,
absinth, au ^ij. Make into an electuary.  Ph. P.)
Given, when cinchona is indicated.
  Opiatum  Mesenter'icum,  Elcctun'rium  de
Aloe, Muria'te Hydrar'gyri,  et  Ferro.  (Gum.
amnion, ^ss. senna ,^vj, hydrargyri sitbinnriat.,
rod. ari, aloes socotrin. aa ^ij, pulv. scummou.
comp. (vulg. de tribits,) rhej.  ruel. aa ^iij, ferri
limatur.  porphyrisat.  ^ss.  Bruise and mix to-
gether, add  of compound syrup of apples  double
the weight of the  other matters,  and make into
an electuary.   Ph. P.)  Dose, gss to Jij, in ob-
structions of the liver, mesentery, Ac.
  OPIATUS, Opiated. 
OPION                   657            OPTIC CENTRE
  OPTON, Opium.
  OPISMA, Siiccm.
  OPISTHENAR, Dorsum mantis, from  o-triodt,
 'backwards,' and Oiv„v, 'the flat  of  the  hand.'
 The back of the hand.
  OPISTHOCEPHALON, Occiput.
  OPISTIIOCRANIUM. Occiput.
  OPISTHOCYPIIOSIS,  Cvpboma.
  OPISTHOLOB'IUM. Opistholimn, from omnQe,
 'behind,' and Xojitov, 'the  lobe of the ear.'  Any
 agent applied behind the ear.
  OPISTHOTICM, Opistholobium.
   OPISTIIOT'ONOS, Raplnsposterga'neus,  Tet'-
 anus dorsa'lis  seu posticus  sen  posterga'neus,
 from otrtoSe, 'backwards,' and reivur, 'I stretch.'
 A species of tetanus, in which the body is  bent
 backwards.
   OPIUM, see Papaver—o. Colatum, Extractum
 opii—o. Depuratum, Extractum opii.
   Opium Eaters, Theriaki.
   Opium, Lettuce, see Lactuca.
   OPOBALSAMUM, see  Amyris opobalsamum.
   OPOCARPASON, Carpasium (juice.)
   OPOCEPH'ALUS, (F.) Opodplmle.  A genus
 of monsters having the two ears approximated or
 united under the head; the jaws atrophied; and
 no mouth or nose.—I.  G.  St. Hilaire.
   OPODELDOC, Opodeldoch.
   OPODEL'DOCH, Opodeltoeh, Opodeldoc.  An
 unmeaning  term, frequently used  by Paracelsus.
 Formerly,  it signified  a plaster  for all external
 injuries ; now, it  is applied  to the Linimentum
 Saponis Compositum.
   Opodeldoch, Steer's.  A liniment, called after
 the inventor.   There are many formula?  for its
 preparation.  The following is one. Sap. alb. Ibj,
 camphor, ^ij,  ol. rorismarini f.^iv, spiritus vini
 rectificati Oij.  See Linimentum  Saponis Compo-
 situm.
   OPODEOCELE, see Hernia.
   OPODYMIIS, Diprosopus.
   OPOIDIA GALBANTFERA, see  Bubon  Gal-
 banum.
   OPOLE, Suceus.
   0POL IDE,  Suceus.
   OPOPIOS, Optic.
   OPOPONACUM, Pastinaca opoponax.
   OPOPONAX,  see   Pastinaca  opoponax — o.
 Chironium,  Pastinaca opoponax.
   OPOPONAXWORT, Pastinaca opoponax.
   OPO'RICE, from onorpa, 'autumnal fruits.'  A
 medicine, composed of several autumnal fruits,
 particularly of quinces, pomegranates, Ac, and
 wine.   It was  formerly administered in  dysen-
 tery, diseases of the stomach, Ac.
   OPOS, Suceus expressus—o.  Silphion,  Laser-
 pitium.
   OPPIDULUM, Vulva.
  OPPILATIO, Emphraxis—o. Telae  Cellulosa?,
 Induration of the cellular tissue.
  OPPILATIVUS, Ohstruens.
  OPPO'NENS, (F.) Oppasant, from 06, and po-
 nere, ^ to place.'  That which faces or is  put in
 opposition to  something.   The name  has been
 given to two muscles of the hand.
  Opponens Min'imi Dig"iti, (F.) Opposant du
 petit doigt, Carpo-mitacarpicii du petit doigt (Ch.),
 Mitacarpien du petit  doigt.  This muscle  has
 the same shape and arrangement as  the preceding,
 but is of less size.   It is situate  in the hypothe-
 nar  eminence.   Its fibres  are inserted into the
 anterior annular ligament of the carpus, and ter-
 minate on the whole length of tbe  inner edge of
 fhe  5th  metacarpal bone.   This  muscle  carries
 the 5th metacarpal bone forwards and outwards,
and thus  augments the concavity of the palm of
the hand.
     42
   Opponens  Pol'licis, Flexor  ossis  metacar'pl
 pollicis, F. primi interno'dii (Douglass),  Oppo-
 nens pollicis  mantis, Antith'enar sive  semi inter-
j osseus pollieis, (F.)  Uarpo-mitacarjrien du pouce
 (Ch.), Mitacarpien dn pouce, Opposant du Pouce.
 A  small, flat, triangular muscle, situate in  tbe
 substance of the thenar eminence. It is attached,
 on the one band, to the anterior annular liga-
 ment of the carpus  and to the trapezium ; and,
 on the other, to the whole of the outer margin
 of the first  metacarpal bone.   This muscle im-
 presses  on  the first bone of the metacarpus  a
 movement of rotation, which opposes  the thumb
 to  the other fingers.
    OPPOSANT, Opponens — o. du Petit doigt,
 Opponens minimi digiti—o. du Pouce, Opponens
 pollicis.
   OPPRESSIO, Catalepsy, Oppression—o. Noc-
 turna, Incubus.
   OPPRESSION,   Oppres'sio,   Thlipsis,  Cnta-
 thlips'is, from opprimere (ob, and premere, pres-
 suin,) 'to press against.' A state, in  which the
 patient experiences  a sensation of weight in tbe
 part affected.  When employed abstractedly,  it
 means, particularly, Oppression of the chest —
 Oppressio Pec'toris, (F.) 0. de Poitrine.
   Oppression,  Oppres'sio vir'ium,  (F.) Oppres-
 sion  des forces, is, also, used  for that  condition,
 at the  commencement of fevers, Ac, in  which
 the systera is oppressed rather than debilitated,
 and  where the vascular action rises,  as the ob-
 struction to free circulation is relieved by bleed-
 ing, purging, Ac.
   OPS,  Eve.
   OTSEONUST, Opsionusi.
   OPSIALCIA, Neuralgia, facial.
   OPSIONU'SI, Opseonu'si, from o\pis, 'vision,'
 and vovaos, ' a disease ;' Morbi  visits.   Diseases
 of  vision.
   OPSIOTOCIA. from o^t, 'too late,' and tokos,
 'birth;' Partus sero'tinus.  Parturition after the
 usual period.   See Pregnancy.
   OPSIS. Pupil. Vision.
   OPSOMA'NIAC,  Opsom'anes, (F.)  Opsomane,
 from otpov, 'aliment,' and pavia.   One who loves
 some particular aliment to madness.
   OPTESIS, Assatio.
   OPTIC. Op'ticus,  Opo'pios, (F.) Optique, from
 onropai. ' I see.'  That which relates to vision.
   OPTIC CENTRE,  Centrum  op'ticum.   The
 optic centre  of the crystalline is the point  at
 which the various rays proceeding from an object
 cross in their way to the retina.
   Optic Commissi re, see Chiasmus.
   Optic Foramen, Fora'men op'ticum, (F.) 7Vo?«
 optique.  A round opening in the sphenoid bone,
 near the base of its lesser ala, through which the
 optic nerve passes.
   Optic Ganglia, Quadrigemina tubercula.
   Optic Groove.  A transverse groove on the su-
 perior surface ofthe sphenoid bone, on  which the
 commissure ofthe optic nerve rests, and which is
 continuous on each side with the optic  foramen.
   Optic Lobes, Quadrigemina tubercula.
   Optic Nerve, .Vernu op'ticus seu vislvus seu
 viso'rius. Par secun'dum sen op'ticum  seu  viso'-
 rittrn. Nerve  of the  Id pair.  Ocular nerve of
 Chaussier.  The optic nerves are remarkable for
 their size:  for  their running a  longer  course
 within than without, the cranium; and for their
 furnishing no branch frora  their origin to their
 termination.   They  do  not seem to arise, as was
 long  supposed, from  the optic thalami. but from
 the tubercula  quadrigemina.   Immediately after
 their origin, the optic tracts, Tract us op'tici, pro-
 ceed forwards: are,  at first, broad and flat; but
 afterwards become narrower and round.  In front
 of the fossa pituitaria, they unite and decussate,
 each nerve proceeding through the optic foramen 
OrTICO-TROCIIL^I-SCLJEROTIClEN C 5 S
ORBITAR
of the sphenoid bone with the ophthalmic artery,
and  through the Fora'men op'ticum chorio'idea,
to form the retina.   The nerve passes to the back
part of the globe of the eye, becomes narrower,
and  enters that  organ at a flattened circular pa-
pilla— Collie'ulus seu  Papilla nervi optici—to
give rise to the nervous  expansion  called  the
retina.   Between the  colliculus  and  the yellow
spot of Sommering, a small projection or fold of
the retina passes—plica centra'lis ret'ina. Besides
its neurilemma, the optic nerve is surrounded by
a sheath, furnished  by the dura mater.  This ac-
companies it as far as the  eye.
  The optic nerve  is the nerve  of  special sensi-
bility of the eye.   In  the centre  of the  nerve,
there is a pnnctum cacum, mac'ula nigra, where
the  central artery enters  the  eye,  and the cor-
responding vein passes out.  tf a ray of light
falls on this spot it  is not appreciated.
   Optic Remedy,  see  Ophthalmic remedy — o.
Thalami,Thalami nervorum opticorum—o. Tracts,
see  Optic nerve.
   OPTICO-TRO CHLEI- SCLER 0 TICIEN,
 Oblique, superior of the eye.
   OPTICUM,  Ophthalmic remedy.
   OPTILOS, Eve.
   OPTOM'ETER,  from  omopai,   'I  see,'  and
 perpov, 'a measure.' An instrument for measuring
 the distance of distinct vision.
   OPUNTIA, Cactus opuntia—o.Vulgaris, Cactus
 opuntia.
   OR, Gold—o. Blanc, Platinum—o. Cyanure d',
 see Gold—o. Dirisi. see Gold—o.Hydrochlorate d',
 see Gold—o. lodure d', see Gold — o. Mitallique,
 see Gold—o. Nitromuriate d', see Gold—o.  Oxide
 il,  see  Gold — o. et de Sodium chlorine d', see
 Gold—o. et de Sonde, Hydrochlorate d', see Gold
 —o. et de Sonde, Muriate  d', see Gold.
   ORA SERRATA, see Ciliary (Body.)
   ORACHE, SPREADING, Atriplex patula—o.
 Stinking, Chenopodium vulvaria.
   ORAL,  Vocal,  (F.)  Oral, from os, oris, 'a
 mouth.'   Relating  to the  mouth or to speech.
   ORANGE,  Citrus aurantium—o. Bitter, see
 Citrus aurantium — o.  Flowers of the,  see  Citrus
 aurantium.
   Orange Grass, Hypericum sarothra—o. Root,
 Hydrastis Canadensis  — o.  Tree,   Citrus  auran-
 tium.
   ORANGEADE.  A drink,  made with orange
 juice diluted with water.  It is  antiphlogistic,
 and often recommended in acute diseases.
    ORANGES,  see  Citrus aurantium — o. Curas-
 soa, Aurantia curassaventia.
    ORBES CARTILAGINOSI  TRACHEiE, see
 Trachea.                   v
    ORBICULAIREDES LEVRES, Orbicularis
 oris—o. des Paupieres, Orbicularis palpebrarum.
    ORBICULAR,  Orbicula'ris,  (F.) Orbiculaire,
 from orbis, ' a circle.'  Spherical, circular.
    Orbicular Bone,  Os  orbicnla're  seu lenticu-
 la're seu  Sylvii seu orbicnla're  Sylvii, Glob'ulus
 stap'edis  ossis, Epiph'ysis cruris longio'ris in'cu-
 dis, Ossic'itlum orbicnla're seu squamo'sttm seu
 cochleare seu quartum, is  the  smallest of the four
 bones of the ear.  It is scarcely perceptible, round,
 conve-x on two surfaces, and  situate between the
 long  ramus  of the incus and  the head of the
 stapes.
    Orbicular Muscles are muscles with circular
 fibres  surrounding some  natural  opening of the
 body.    1. Orbicula'ris  seu  Constric'tor   Oris,
  Sphincter Labio'rum, Semi sell Demi-orbieula'ris,
  Supra-semi-orbicula'ris, Labia'lis, Osculato'rius,
 Basia'tor, (F.) Labial, Orbiculaire des tivres.  A  j
 muscle situate  in  the  substance of the lips, and
 extending from  one  commissure to the  other.
 It  is  formed of two very distinct portions, of a  I
 semi-oval shape; one belonging to the upper lip,  |
the other to the lower.  Their extremities cross
at the commissures, and are confounded with the
other muscles of the parts.  The use of this fleshy
muscle  is to bring the lips together, and to close
the aperture of tbe mouth, by making it repre-
sent a sort  of  bourrelet  with  radiated wrinkles.
It is an antagonist  to  every other muscle of the
lips.  2. Orbicularis Palpi In a'rum seu oc'uli seu
jialpebra'rum  cilia'ris, Palpebra'ruin  duo nius'-
culi, Palpebra'lis, Constrict'or seu Sphincter Pah
pebra'runt seu  Oculi, (F.) Naso-pulpibrnl (Ch.),
Maxil'lo-palpibral, Palpibral,  Orbiculaire  del
paitpiires. A muscle common to both the eyelids,
and seated in their substance.  It is broad, thin,
transversely oval, and cleft in its great diameter.
It is attached to the nasal process of the superior
maxillary bone;  to the internal angular process
ofthe frontal bone, and to the orbitar  process of
the superior maxillary bone.  From these origins
the muscle passes outwards, under the skin of the
eyelids, surrounding the orbit in a circular man-
ner, extending  somewhat  beyond it, and covering
the upper part of the  cheek.   It is inserted into
the skin of  the eyelids, its upper nnd  inner edge
being intimately connected with the frontal and
corrugator muscles.   Its  use  is to close the eye,
by bringing the  eyelids together.  The  part of
the  orbicularis which covers the cartilages ofthe
eyelids,  and which is remarkably  thin, is  the
Muse ulus Ciliaris of some authors.
   ORBICULARIS  OCULI,  Orbicularis palpe-
brarum, see Orbicular muscles — o.  Oris, see Or-
bicular muscles —o. Palpebrarum, see Orbicular
muscles — o. Palpebrarum  ciliaris, see Orbicular
muscles—o. Recti, Sphincter ani externus.
   ORBICULUS CILIARIS, Ciliary ligament,
Ciliary zone.
   ORBIS GENU, Patella.
   ORBIT,  Or'bita, 0. oc'uli,  Troch'ia,  Conchis
seu Cav'itas  seu  Fo'vea  seu  Pelvic'ula oc'uli,
(F.) Orbite, frora orbis,  'a circle.'   The circular
cavities are so called, which lodge the organs of
sight.   The orbits or orbitar fossa or  cavities,
conchi, Koyxot,  are situate at the upper part of the
face, and are composed  of seven bones, viz.:—
the frontal, above; the palate and superior maxil-
lary, below ; the sphenoid and malar, externally;
and the ethmoid and lachrymal, internally.   The
orbit is filled  by the globe  of the eye, with its
different accessory parts — muscles, nerves, ves-
sels, the lachrymal  gland, Ac.  Its margin is
termed margo  orbita'lis.
   ORBITA, Orbit—o. Oculi, Orbit.
   ORBITAL, Orbitar—o. Fissure, inferior, Sphe-
noidal  fissure — o. Fissure, superior, Maxillary
fissure.                                          •
   OR'BITAR, Orbita'riits,  Orbita'lis,  Or'bital,
 (F.) Orbitaire.  Same etymon.   Relating or be-
longing to  the orbit.
   Orbitar Apoph'yses or Proc"esses terminate
 the two extremities ofthe orbitar arch.  The ex-
 ternal is much more prominent, and is articulated
 with the cheek-bone; the internal is thinner,and
 joins the os unguis.
   Orbitar Arch, (F.) Arcade orbitaire, is the
 projecting, round  margin, which separates the
 frontal and orbitar surfaces of the os frontis, and
 forms a part ofthe circumference ofthe orbit.
   Or'bitar Fissures,  (F.)  Fentes  orbitnirei.
 These  are  situate in the orbit.  They are two in
 number: one superior, the Sphenoidal; the other
 inferior, the Spheno-maxillary.
    Orbitar Foram'ina.  Of these there are seve-
 ral :—1. The Foramen orbitarium supe'rius, (F.)
  Trou orbitaire supirieur, which is situate at tbe
 junction of the inner third  of the orbitar arch
 with its two outer thirds, and  gives passage to
 the frontal nerve.  2. The Foram'ina oi-bifa'ria.
 interio'ra  seu  inter'na,  Foram'ina  Ethmoldta, 
ORBITO-EXTUS-SCLfiROTICIEN   659          ORG AN IZ A BLE
These are situate at the upper part  of the inter-
nal paries of the  orbit, are formed by the union
of two notches of the os frontis with two similar
ones of the ethmoid; and  are distinguished into
(interior and posterior.  The former gives passage
to the ethmoidal filament of the nasal nerve and
to a  small artery.
  Orbitar Nerve, Nervus orbita'lis seu orbita'-
r'nts  seu subcuta'iieus mala, is a branch given off
from the superior maxillary.   It enters the orbit
by the spheno-maxillary fissure, and divides into
two  filaments; the one — malar—which passes
over the cheek-bone, is distributed to the orbicu-
laris palpebrarum, and anastomoses with the fa-
cial  nerve;  the other — temporal — which passes
to the temporal fossae, and anastomoses  with the
inferior maxillary and facial, to  become after-
wards subcutaneous.
  Orbitar Surface, see  Maxillary bone (supe-
rior).                     ,
   ORBITO-EXTUS-SCLEROTICIENUectns
 externus oculi — o.  Intus- Scleroticien, Rectus in-
ternus oculi — o. Maxillo-labinl,  Levator  labii
 superioris proprius — o. Palpebral, Levator pal-
pebra? superioris—o. Sus-palpibrul, Levator pal-
 pebra1 superioris.
   ORCANETTE, Anchusa officinalis.
   ORCHALGIA, Orchidalgia.
   ORCHAS, Scrotum.
   ORCHEITIS, Oschi'tis, Oschei'tis, Infiamma'-
 tio  scroti,  from  opxas, ' the  scrotum,'  and itis,
 denoting  inflammation.   Inflammation of  the
 scrotum.
   Orciieitis, Hernia humoralis.
   ORCHEOCATABASIS, Orchidocatabasis.
   ORCIIEOCELE,  Orchiocele.
   ORCHEOTOMY, Castration.
   ORCHESTROMANIA, Chorea.
   ORCHIDAL'GIA,  Orchalgia,  Orchidodyn'ia,
 from op%ts, opxtbos, 'a testicle,' and aXyos, ' pain.'
 Pain of  the testicle.  Neuralgia  of  the  testicle.
 Irritable testicle.  A form of neuralgia.
   ORCIIIDATROPH'IA,  Atroph'ia  testic'uli,
 from op^is, opyibos, 'a  testicle,'  and  atrophia,
 'atrophy.'   Atrophy or wasting ofthe testicle.
   ORCillDITIS, Hernia humoralis.
   ORCHTDOCARPUM ARIETINUM,  see  Ca-
 rica papava.
   ORCHIDOCATAB'ASIS, Orcheocatab'asis,De-
 ncen'siis testiculo'rum, from op^i?, opxtbos,  ' the tes-
 tis, and Karafiaois, 'descent.'  The descent ofthe
 tc-tes into the scrotum.
   ORCHIDOCELE, Hernia humoralis.
   ORCHIDODYNIA. Orchidalgia.
   ORCHIDONCUS, Hernia humoralis.
   ORCIIIDOTOMY, Castration.
   ORG HILL, Lichen roccella.
   ORCHIOCE'LE,  Orcheoce'le, from opxts, opxt-
 bos,  'the  testicle,' and KrrXn, 'a rupture.'  A tu-
 mour of the testicle.  Scrotal hernia.   Hernia
 humoralis.  A name given to several diseases of
 the testicle and its envelopes, essentially differing
from each other.
   Orciiioce'le Scirrho'sa, Scirrhoce'le.  A ma-
lignant tumour ofthe testis.
  ORCHIS. Testicle—o. Butterfly. Orchis bifolia.
  Orchis Mas'cula, Satyr'ion. Testic'ulns canl-
>"(». Ci/nosor'chis, Dogs' stones, Male  orchis, Bal- '
lack grass, Male Fools'  stones,  Twinroot.  Ord. I
Ordiidaeea?.  This root had a place in some phar-
macopoiMas, on account of the glutinous, slimy '
juice it contains.  The root of the Orchis bifo'lia
or Butterfly orchis,  has  likewise  been collected. '
It has been  used as a  demulcent.  Its  fancied
aphrodisiac  virtues  seem  to be owing to its re- ;
semblance to opxts, 'a testicle,' whence its name.
  SaUp is obtained from  this variety of the  or-
chis ;— and from  tho Orchis  morio, Ac.   See
S.dep.                                         il
   Orchis,  Round-leaved,  Large,  Platanthera
 orbiculata.
   ORCHITE, Hernia humoralis.
   ORCHITIS, Hernia humoralis.
   ORCHOI, see Tarsus.
   ORCHOTOMIA,  Castration.   Also, removal
 of the tarsi.
   ORDEAL NUT—called Esire by the natives
 of Calabar—of the natural family Leguminosae,
 and closely resembling a Dolichos,  is possessed
 of virulent  acro-narcotic properties.
   ORDEOLUM, Hordeolum.
   ORDEUM, Hordeum.
   OR DIN AIRES, Menses.
   ORDO MEDICINALIS, Police, medical.
   ORDONNANCE, Formula,  Prescription.
   OREILLE D'ANE, Symphytum—o. d'Homme,
 Asarum — o. de Souris, Hieracium pilosella— o.
 d'Onrs, Primula veris.
   OREILLETTE. Asarum, Auricle of the heart.
   OREILLONS, Parotis, Cynanche parotidaea.
   ORELIA GRANDIFLORA, Allamanda.
   ORELLANA, see Terra Orleana.
   OREOSELINUM, Athamanta aureoselinum—
 o. Africanum, Bubon galbanum — o. Legitimum,
 Athamanta aureoselinum—o. Nigrum, Athamanta
 aureoselinum.
   OREXIS, Appetite, Pyrosis—o. Cynodes, Bou-
 limia.
   ORGAN, Or'ganum,  Or'ganon.    From  tpyov,
 'work.'  'An instrument.'  Part of an organized
 being, destined to exercise some particular func-
 tion.   Thus — the eyes are organs of sight;  the
 muscles are organs of motion, Ac.  The collec-
 tion of organs, which concur in any function, is
 called apparatus.
   Organ, Mentha pulegium.
   ORGANA   GENERATIONI  INSERVIEN-
 TIA,  Genital organs — o. Genitalia, Genital  or-
 gans— Sexualia, Genital  organs—o. Sudoripara,
 see  Perspiration — o.  Urogenitalia,  Urogenital
 organs.
   ORGANES  Gfi.XITAUN. Genital organs.
   ORGAN'IC,  Organ'icus, (F.)  Organiqite.  Re-
 lating to an organ or organs, and to beings pos-
 sessed of organs.   Hence, Organic Functions
 are those  possessed  by both animals  and  vege-
 tables.  It is also used synonymously with vital,
 in contradistinction to physical.
   Organic Chemistry, see Chymistry.
   Organic Diseases  or Lesions  are such  as
 concern the  organ itself, in contradistinction to
 functional, rat"ional, or dynam'ic, which merely
 concern  the function.   Of course,  organic dis-
 eases of a part are always more' serious than
 functional.
   Organic Nervous System,  see Trisplanchnic
 nerve.
   OR'GANICTSM, Organicisrn'ns, frora opyavov,
 'an organ.'  The doctrine of the localization of
 disease, or which refers it always  to a material
 lesion  of  an organ.   A modern terra, but not
 much used.
   ORG ANTS ATTO, Organization.
   ORGANISATUS,  Organized.
   OR'GANISM.   Same  etymon as organ.   The
 living  economy.  Many physiologists have used
 this word  synonymously with  organization ; but
 more  especially to designate  the aggregate of
 vital actions in  organized  beings, animals as well
 as vegetables.   The collection  of  parts  com-
 posing an  organized body,  and the laws which
 govern it.
   ORGANTZABILTTY.  from  organisatio, and
 habilis, 'suitable.'  Capability of organization or
 of heing formed into  living tissue.  Substances
 possessed of such capability—as fibrin—are said
 to be organizahle.
I   ORGANTZABLE, see Organizability. 
ORGANIZATION            660               ORTIMENT
  ORGANIZATION, Organisa'tio, from opyavov,
'an organ.'   The manner of structure proper to
different beings.  It is also employed in the sense
of the structure of a part; as,  the  organisation
of the heart, Ac
  Organization, Compounds of, Principles, im-
mediate.
  OR'GANTZED,  Or'ganis  instruc'tns,  Organi-
sa'tus, (F.)  Organise.   That which  is composed
of organs.
  Organized Bodies,  (F.) Corps organises, are
those  endowed with life ; i. e. animals and vege-
tables : in contradistinction  to inorganic bodies,
which comprise the mineral kingdom. See Corpus.
   ORGANOCHEMIA, Chymistry, organic.
   ORGANOG"ENY,  Organogen'ia, Organogen-
esis, from opyavov, 'an organ,' and yeveais, 'gene-
ration.'  The doctrine of the formation of different
organs.
   ORGANOGNO'SIA, from opyavov, and  yvurats,
'knowledge.'   The knowledge and discrimination
of organized bodies.
   ORGANOG'RAPHY,  Organograph'ia, from
opyavov, and ypatpn, 'a description.'  A description
 of the organs of a living body.
   ORGANOLEPTIC, Plastic.
   ORGANOLOGY, Anatomy, Craniology.
   ORGANON  OLFACTUS, Nasus.
   ORGANONOM'IA, frora  opyavov, and vopos,
 ' a law.'  The  doctrine of  the  laws of organic
 life.
   ORGANOZOONOMIA, Zoonomia.
   ORGANUM, Instrument.
   ORGASM,  Orgas'mus,  Orgo'sis, from opyata,
 ' I desire ardently,' T am  excited.'   (Estrua'tion.
 A strong impulse or desire for something.  State
 of excitement and turgescence of any organ what-
 ever.  Erethism.  Applied  particularly  to  the
 height of venereal excitement in  sexual inter-
 course.
   ORGASMUS, Turgescence.
   ORGASTICA.   Same  etymon.   The  second
 order of the class  Qenetica of Good.   Defined:
 diseases affecting the orgasm ;  organic or consti-
 tutional infirmity disordering  the  power or the
  desire of procreating.
    ORGE. Rage.
    ORGE, Hordeum—o. Perli, see  Hordeum.
    ORGEAT, Syrupus amygdala?.
    ORG EL ET.'B.t)rdeo\nm.
    ORGEOLET, Hordeolum.
    ORG OS IS, Orgasm.
    ORICHALCUM, Brass.
    ORICULAR, Auricular.
    ORICULE, Auricle, Pavilion of the ear.
    ORIFICIUM, Mouth—o. Dextrum Ventriculi,
  Pylorus — o.  Uteri, Os uteri — o. Uterinum,  see
  Uterus — o. Vaginale, see Uterus — o. Ventriculi
  Sinistrum, Cardia.
    ORIG'ANUM,  0.  vulga're seu heracleot''icum,
  (Optyavov, from opos, 'a mountain,' and yavos, ' de-
  light.')  Cuni'la bu'bnla, Majora'na mancura'na,
  Zazarhen'di herba, Wild or Common marjoram,
  Mancura'na,  (F.)  Pied de lit.   Ord.  Labiatae.
  Sex. Syst. Didynamia Gymnospermia.  This plant
  resembles  marjoram in smell; and  has a pungent
  taste, much  like  thyme.   It  is  aromatic  and
  stimulant; and its oil possesses the properties of
  the  essential oils in general.  The  oil, Oleum ori-
  gani (Ph. U. S\), is very pungent, and  is rarely
  given internally.   It is used in toothache.
    Origanum  Aquaticum,  Eupatorium  cannabi-
  num—o. Cretieum, 0. dictamnus.
    Origanum  Dictam'nus, 0. Cret'icum, Dictam'-
  11 us  Cret'icus,  Amar'acus   tornento'sits,  Oni'tis,
  Ditt'any  of Crete, (F.) Dictamne de Crete.  The
  leaves of this  plant  were once recommended as
  emmenagogue and alexipharmic.
  Origanum Heracleoticum, Origanum.
  Origanubi  Majora'na, 0. majorantii'des,  Ma-
jorana, M. horten'sis, Sweet mar'joram, Samp'.
sncns,  Agriorig'anum, Amar'acus,  (F.) Mavju-
laine.  Its odour is strong and fragrant;  taste
aromatic and  bitterish.  Its properties  are those
of a stomachic and errhine.  It is chiefly used,
however, for culinary purposes, and as a snuff in
headache.
  Origanum  Syriacum, Teucrium  marum.
  0R1GINAIRE (F.), from origo, originis, 'ori-
gin.'   This term has been  used, by French  wri-
ters, in the  same sense as congenital.  It is  par-
ticularly applied  to  affections  depending  upon
faulty conformation, or  to  faulty  coiiforma'.ion
itself.
  ORIGO, Arche.
  ORISMOLOGY, Terminology.
  ORLEANA, see Terra Orleana.
  ORME, Appetite.
   ORME, Ulmus—o. Champitre, Ulmus—o. Py-
ramid ale, Ulmus.
   ORME A U, Ulmus.
   ORMSKIRK MED'ICINE.  A celebrated  an-
tylissic remedy, supposed to consist of Pulv. Cre-
ta, .^ss; Bol. Armen. 3iij: Alurnin.gr. x; Puh.
Inula. 3J !  01. Anisi, gtt. vj.
   This is taken for a dose every morning  for six
times, in a glass of water, with a small proportion
 of  fresh milk.
   ORNAMENTUM  FOLIACEUM, see Tube,
 Fallopian.
   ORNITHOG'ALUM ALTIS'SIMUM.  (Opvt-
SoynXov, a fanciful  name, from opvis, opvtSos, ' a
 bird,' and yaXu, 'milk.')  A South African plant,
 Nat. Ord. Asphodeleae, the  fleshy bulb of which
 is diuretic.   An oxymel is prepared of it, which
 is given in catarrh, asthma, phthisis, and  hydro-
 thorax.   It resembles squill in its  medical pro-
 perties.
   Ornithogalum  Maritimum, Scilla—0. Squilla,
 Scilla.
   ORNITHOGLOSSA, see Fraxinus excelsior.
   ORNUS  EUROPiEA, see Fraxinus  ornus—c
 Mannifera,  Fraxinus ornus — 0. Rotundifolia,
 Fraxinus ornus — o.  Sylvestris, Fraxinus excel-
 sior.           _
   OROBAN'CIIE  VIRGINIA'NA, (opo&ayXn,
 frora opojlos, 'the orobus,' and ayxur, T strangle.')
 Epipbe'gns seu Eprfa'gus America'nus sen I irgi-
 nia'nus, Virgin'ia broom-rupe,  Beech-drops, Can-
 cer-root.   Family, Orobanchoideae.  This para-
 sitic plant is astringent, and a peculiar and ex-
 tremely  nauseous  bitter.   It  is  most powerful
 when fresh.  It has been used in dysentery ; and,
 externally, to obstinate ulcers.
    Oroban'che America'na, and 0. Uniflo'ra,
 have the same properties, and are, likewise, called
  Cancer-root,  Earth-club, and Clapwort.
    OROBE,  Ervum ervilia.
    OROBION, see Ervum ervilia.
    OROBOl'DES, from opofios,  'the  orobus,'and
 ttbos, 'form.'   Oroho'des.  Having  the shape of
 the orobus.   A name given to urine, Urina um-
 bo'des seu oroboi'des, when depositing a substance
 of a fawn colour, like the meal of the orobus.
    OROBUS, Ervum  ervilia—0. Faba, Vicia faba.
    OROXGE,see Agaric.
    OROPHALL'US,  from  opos.  or oppos,   'the
  rump,' and tpaXXos, 'the male organ.'  A monster
  having a second  male organ originating from the
  rump.— Gurlt.
    OROS, Croupion, Serum.
    OR'PIMENT,  Anripigmen'tiim,   Orpin,  Risi-
 gal'lum,  Rissigallnm, Cloanx, E/onie, Sira, Lemp-
  nias, Spec'ulum  cit'rinum, Yrides,  Yrttle.  The
  native yellow sulphuret of arsenic.   It is poison-
  ous, but less so than the oxide. It is. also, called
  Adarigo, Adarnech, Ahusal, Althauachu, Azarnet. 
ORPIN
601
OS
The Turks  prepare a depilatory  with  it,  which
they call Rusum.
  ORPIN,  Orpiment—.o. Brulant, Sedum—o.
Grand,  Sedum telephium — o. Reprise, Sedum
telephium.
  ORPINE, Sedum telephium.
  ORRIIOCHEZIA, Diarrhoea, serous.
  0RRHOCYSTTS, from  oppos,  'serum,'  and
maris, 'a bladder.'  An encysted  tumour  con-
taining  a serous fluid.
  ORRIIOHYMENITIS,  Hydrohyraenitis.
  ORRHOPVG'ION.  The  inferior extremity of
the vertebral column ; from opos, 'extremity,' and
viyn,  'the  nates.'   The os  coccygis.  Also, the
raphe, extending from  the penis to the anus, and
separating the scrotum into  two parts.
  ORRHORRHtE'A,  from  oppos,  'serum,' and
piur, T flow.'  A morbidly increased secretion of
a serous fluid.
  ORRIIOS, Croupion, Serum.
  ORRIS,   Iris  Florentina — o. Common,  Iris
 Germaniea.
   ORSEILLE, Lichen roccella.
   ORTEIL, Digitus pedis.
  ORTHOCO'LUM, from  opdos, 'straight,'  and
 KurXov, 'limb.'  Stiffness of the limb, so that it is
 kept  quite straight.
   ORTHODONTIA, from op%s, 'straight, right,'
 and obovs, obovros,  'a tooth.'  The part of dentistry
 which is concerned in the treatment of irregularity
 of  the teeth.
   ORTHODO'RON. A measure with the Greeks,
 equal to eleven finger-breadths.
   ORTHOG'NATHOUS,  from opdos, 'right,
 straight,' and yvados,  'jaw.'  Having  a vertical
 jaw.  A term applied to the form of head  in
 which  the  facial  angle  approaches  the  right
 angle.
   0RTHOM0RPIIIA, OrthoDa?dia.
   ORTIIOMuRPIIOSIS,  Orthopsedia.
   ORTHOXTROPIA,  Orthopmdia.
   OllTllOP AZDrA.,Ortho27a'tlice..Orthomor'phia,
 Orthoinorpho'sis, Orthontrop'ia.Orthape'dics, from
 upSof, 'right,' and nats, mubos, 'a child.'  The
 part  of medicine  whose object is to prevent and
 correct  deformity in the bodies of children.  Often
 used, however, with a  more extensive significa-
 tion,  to embrace the correction or  prevention of
 deformities  at all  ages.  Orthosomat'ics, Orthoso-
 mat'ice, from opdog, 'right,' and oorpa, 'bod}-,' has
 been  proposed as a preferable  term.
   ORTIIOPE'DIC,0rf/io»«'rt7c«»,-  same etymon.
 Relating to orthopaedia,— as  Orthopedic Institu-
 tion,  Institu'tum orthopa'tlieum seu orthopa'dium :
 an institution for the correction or  prevention of
 deformities in children.
   ORTHOPEDIPS, Orthopaedia.
   ORTHOPE'DIST,   Ortho'ter,  Orthopa'd icus.
 Same etymon. One who practises orthopaedia.
   ORTHOPHO'NIA,  from opdos,  'right,'  and
 0wv>;. 'voice.'  A good pronunciation.
   ORTHOPHRENTC,  Orthophren'iciis,   from
 opOos, 'right,'  and ippnv,  'mind.'   Relating  to
 sound mind, and  to the care of insanity.
   ORTHOPNCE'A,  Suffoca'tio,   Strangula'tio,
 Prafnca'tio,  Pnix,  Pnigmus,  Eutliyp'noe,   Eu-
 thypntc'a,  Angor,  Apncc'a,  from  op%s, 'right,'
 'straight.'nnd irveoi, ' I respire.'  Impracticability
 of breathing in the horizontal posture. Necessity
 of  being in  tbe erect posture,  in order to respire.
  Orthopnosa Cardiaca, Angina  Pectoris — o.
 Convulsiva, Asthma — o.  Cynanchica,  Cynanche
 trachealis—o. Hydrothoracicn, Hydrothorax—o.
 Hysterica,  Angone—o. Pituitosa, Mycorthopncea
—o. Tussiculosa,  Pertussis.
  ORTHOSOMATICE. Orthopredia,
  ORTHOSOMA TIQUE. Orthopmdia.
  ORTHOTER, Orthopedist.
  0KT11YSTEROPTOMA, Prolapsus  uteri.
  ORTIIYSTEROPTOSIS, Prolapsus uteri.
  OUT IE, Urtica—o. Blanche, Lamium album—
o. Briilitnte,  Urtica urens — o. Morte, Lamium
album—o. Morte des Bois, Galeopsis—o. Romaine,
Urtica pilulifera.
  ORTYX, Tetrao  coturnix.
  ORUS, Croupion, Serum.
  07? VALE, Salvia sclarea.
  ORVIETA'XU.M.  From  the Italian  Orvie-
tano.   An  electuary regarded as  an  invaluable
antidote, and composed of Old theriac, Dried vi-
pers,  Scorzonera, Carlina, Imperatorium,  Angel-
ica, Bistort, Rosemary, Juniper, Cinnamon, Cloves,
Mace,  Honey, and  a crowd of other substances.
Its  medical  properties  resembled,  in some  re-
spects,  those  of  the theriac.   It was so  called,
according to some, because invented by Orvietano,
a celebrated charlatan ;  or, according to  others,
from Orvieto, a town in Italy.
  ORY'ZA, Opv^a,  Ory'za sati'va, Rice, (F.) Riz.
Family, Gramineae. Sex. Syst. Ilexandria Mono-
gynia.   A plant, almost  aquatic, and  indigenous
in China, one of the richest productions of Egypt,
and which prospers in the warmer regions of  the
four quarters of the  globe.   The grain inclosed
in the husk is called by the Malays Paddy, Padi,
or  Pathlie;  when  deprived  of the husk, Bras,
and when boiled,  Nasi.  Its  amylaceous  seeds,
 Ory'za, Ory'zum,  Hordeum galac'ticum, nourish
more men  than  those of  wheat and rye together.
Besides being alimentary, they are  demulcent
and emollient.   Gardiner's alimentary prrepura-
tion is very finely ground rice-meal.
   Mucilage of Rice,  Rice water, may be  formed
by taking one ounce of r?'ce, and, having  washed
it,  macerating it for three hours in  a quart of
tepid  soft  water, in a pan placed upon a stove;
then  boiling  the whole  slowly for another hour,
and straining through a sieve.
   It  may  be sweetened and acidulated, or be
prepared with milk, like arrow-root, and be used
as a demulcent.
   Rice Jelly is made by macerating  a sufficient
quantity of clean rice in as  much  water as will
cover  it; boiling slowly, adding water as it evap-
orates, until the rice is  reduced to  a pap, sweet-
ening and flavouring with lemon-juice or vanilla,
and passing  through a  fine sieve  into a form or
mould.  It may be eaten alone or with milk ; and
is a good dietetic preparation for those of weak
digestive powers.
   Ground rice.   Take a tablespoonful of ground
rice, a pint and a half of milk, and half an ounce
of candied lemon-peel.  Rub the rice smooth with
the milk :  then  add the lemon-peel cut into small
pieces ;  boil  for  half an  hour, and  strain  whilst
the milk is hot.  It is used in the same cases as
rice jelly.
   OS,  Bone, Mouth, see Ossiculum—o. Acromii,
Acromion—o. Adjutorium, Humeri os — o. Aloe-
forme, Sphenoid — o. Alagas, Coccyx, Sacrum
— o.   Alatum, Sphenoid bone — o. Amphideon,
Os uteri — o. Anonyme,  Innominatum  os — o.
Anonytnum,  Innominatum   os — o.  Anticum,
Araut  bouche — o. Arcuale, Temporal bone — o.
Armale, Temporal bone — o.  Asser, Sternum —
o. de  I'Assiette,  Ischion—o.  Azygos, Sphenoid
— o.   Ballistic,   Astragalus — o. Basilare,  Occi-
pital  bone, Palate  bone. Sacrum, Sphenoid — o.
Baxillare,  Sphenoid—o.  Bicorne, Hyoides os—o.
Brachiale, Humeri os—o. Brachii, Humeri os—o.
Calcis, Calcaneum—o. Capitatum, Magnum os—
o. Cauda?,  Occipital bone—o.  Clunium, Sacrum—
o. Coccygis,  Coccyx—o.  Colatorii, Sphenoid bone
— o.  Colatorium,  Ethmoid bone — o. Coliforme,
Ethmoid — o. Convolutum superius, "Turbinated
bone,  middle — o.  Coronale,  Frontal bone — o.
Coxae, Innominatum os—o. Coxa/. Innominatum
os, Ischion — o. Cribleux,  Ethmoid — o. Cribri- 
OS  CROTAPHALE         662               OSCIIONCUS
forme, Ethmoid — o.  Cribrosum,  Ethmoid — o.
Cristatum, Ethmoid—o. Crochu, Os unciforme.
   OS CROTAPHALE.  A name given by M.
BSclard to a bone sometimes met with at the an-
terior and inferior angle of the parietal bone; from
Kpora<pos, ' the temple.'
   Os Crotaphiticum, Temporal bone — o. Cubi-
cuin, Ethmoid bone — o. ad Cubitale, Radius —
o. Cubiti  Inferius, Ulna—o. de la Cuisse, Femur
— o. Cuneiforme, Sphenoid — o. Cuneo compara-
tum, Sphenoid — o. Cymbiforme, Scaphoid bone
— o. Disciforme, Patella — o.  Durum,  Temporal
bone — o. Ensiforme, Sternum.
   OS EP ACT ALE.   A name given to one of the
ossa Worniiana; particularly to  one met with in
the posterior fontanelle, and which  has been de-
scribed by G. Fischer, under the name Os Epac-
tale seu Goethia'num.
   OS EP ACT AUX, Wormiana ossa.
   Os Externum.  The entrance into the vagina,
in contradistinction to the Os inter'num or Os u'teri.
   Os Extra Ordinem Carpi, Os pisiforme — o-
 Femoris, Femur—o.  Fibrosum, Occipital bone —
 o. Foraminulentum, Ethmoid — o. Frontis, Fron-
 tal bone — o. Gena?,  Mala? os — o. Gladioli,  Ster-
 num—o. Grand, Magnum  os—o. Grand, col du,
 Collum ossis magni—o. Grandinosum, Cuboid—o.
 Gutturis, Hyoides  os—o. Hamatum, Os unciforme
 — o. Hors du rang, Os pisiforme — o. Hypopium,
 Mala? os—o. Hypseloides, Hyoides os—o. Incon-
 jugatum, Sphenoid—o. Incudi similis, Incus—o.
 Inferius  ventriculi, Pylorus — o. Innomini, Inno-
 minatum os — o. Interealis, Wormiana ossa — o.
 Internum, see Uterus—o. Inverecundum, Frontal
 bone—o. Ischii, Ischion—o. Interparietale, Inter-
 parietal bone—o. Jugale, Mala?  os—o. Jugamen-
 tum, Malas os—o. Juguli, Clavicle—o. Lacrymale,
 Unguis os—o. Lambda, Occipital bone—o. Lamb-
 doides, Hyoides os, Occipital bone—o.  Lapideum,
 Temporal bone — o.  Lapidosum, Temporal bone
 —o. Latum, Sacrum—o. Latum humeri, Scapula,
 —o. Lenticulare, Os  orbiculare, Os pisiforme—o.
 Lepidoides, Temporal bone—o. Lingua?, Hyoides
 os—o. Linguale, Hyoides os—o. Lithoides, Tem-
 poral  bone—o. Magnum,  neck of the, Collum
 ossis magni—o. Mai aire, Mala?  os — o. Malare,
  Mala? os — o.  Maxilla? superioris  undecimum,
 Vomer—o.  Maxillaire infirieure, Collum mandi-
 bulse—o. Memento raori, Temporal bone—o. Me-
  moriae, Occipital bone — o.  Mendosum. Temporal
  bone — o. Morsus Adami, Thyroid cartilage — o.
  Mucronatum, Xiphoid cartilage—o. Multangulum
  majus, Trapezium os — o.  Multangulum  minus,
  Trapezoides os — o.  Multiforme, Ethmoid,  Sphe-
  noid—o. Nasaitx, Nasal bones—o. Naviculare, Os
  scaphoides—o.  Nervale, Temporal  bone—o. Ner-
  vosum, Occipital bone—o.  Occipiti, Occipital bone
  —o. Orbiculare, Os pisiforme—o. du Palais, Pa-
  late bone—o.  Palati, Palate bone — o. Palatin,
   Palate bone — o. Papillare, Sphenoid — o. Parie-
   tale inferius, Temporal bone—o. Paxillare, Sphe-
   noid— o. Pectinis, Pubis, os — o.  Pectoris, Ster-
   num— o.  Pelvi-cephalicum,  Occipital bone — o.
   Pelvis laterale, Innominatum os —o. Perone, Fi-
   bula—o. Petrosum, Temporal bone—o. Polymor-
   phon, Sphenoid—o.  de la  Pommette, Mala? os—o.
   Posterum,  Pharynx—o. Prserupta? rupi assimila-
   tura, Temporal bone — o. Procubitale, Ulna — o.
   Propres du nez, Nasal bones — o. Prora?, Frontal
   bone, Occipital bone—o. Pterygoideum, Sphenoid
   —o. Pudicum, Mala? os—o. Puppis, Frontal bone,
   Occipital bone—o. Pyramidale carpi, Trapezoides
   os—o. Pyxidis, Occipital bone—o. Rationis, Fron-
   tal bone—p. du Rayon, Radius — o. Sacrum, Sa-
   crum—o. Saxeum, Temporal bone—o. Scutiforme,
   Patella—o. de Seche, Sepia—o. Sedentariura, see
   Ischiatic—o. Semilunare, Lunare  os—o.  Sextum
   cranii,  Occipital  bone — o. du Sinciput, Parietal
bones, see  Sinciput — o. Sous-eihmo'idal, Turbi-
nated bone, inferior — o.  Spheno-basilare,  Occi-
pital bone—o. Sphecoideum, Sphenoid—o. Sphe-
noidale, Sphenoid—o. Sphenoides, Sphenoid—o.
Spongiosum,  Ethmoid — o. Spongiosum inferius,
Turbinated bone,  inferior—o. Spongiosum me-
dium, Turbinated  bone, middle — o.  Spongiosum
superius, Turbinated bone, middle, Turbinated
bone,  superior—o.  Spongoides,  Ethmoid — o.
Squamosum,  Temporal  bone —o.  Suboculnrc,
Mala? os—o. Siiriiumiraires, Wormiana ossa—o.
Siismaxillaire,  Maxillary  (superior)  bone — o,
Sylvii, Os  orbiculare—o. Syncipitis, Frontal bono
— o.  Temporis, Temporal bone — o. Tessono, As-
tragalus, Cuboid—o. Tbyreoides.Patella—o. Tibia?
minus, Fibula—o. Tincae, Os  uteri—o.  Tr-iauiju-
laires, Wormiana ossa — o. Turbinatum, Turbi-
nated bone, middle—o.  Turbinatum inferius, Tur-
binated bone, inferior — o.  Uncinatum, Os  uuid-
forme — o. Upsiloides, Hyoides os.
   Os  U'teri,  Os tinea  seu  inter'nvm sen am-
 ph id'eon seu amphid'eiini, Protos'porns, Os'clienn,
 Hysteros'tomit,  Os'culum seu  orific"ium  u'teri,
 Hysterostom'"mm, Hysleros'toma.  (F.) Mttsean tie
 Tanche.    Tbe mouth of the womb, see Uterus.
   Os Uteri  Externum, see Uterus—o. Uteri in-
 ternum, see  Uterus—o. Varium, Cuboid—o. Ycs-
 piforme,   Sphenoid — o.  Vomeris,  Vomer —o.
 Wormiens, Wormiana ossa-—o. Xipboides, Ster-
 num— o.  Ypseloides, Hyoides os — o.  Zygomati-
 cum, Mala? os.
   OSCEDO, Yawning.
   0 S C IIM M A T (E D E ' M A,  Oschamade'ino,
 OSile'rna scroti cruen'tum ; from ooxtov, ' scrotum,'
 'atpa, 'blood,' and oibnpa, ' oedema.'  Effusion of
 blood into the scrotum.
   OSCH^EMCEDEMA, Oschsematocdenia.
   OSCUE. Scrotum.
   OSOIIEITIS, Orcheitis, Oschitis.
   OSCHEO CARCINOMA,  Cancer,  chimney-
 sweepers'.
   OSCHEOCE'LE, Oschoce'le, Scrotoce'le, from
 ooxtov, 'the scrotum,'  and  Kt]Xri> 'tumour;' Scro-
 tal  hernia,  see Bubonocele.   Sauvages uses os-
 cheocele in the sense of Dropsy of the scrotum,
 see Hydrocele.
   Oscheocele Aquosa, Hydroscheocele—o. Fla-
 tulenta, Physocele—o. Hydatidosa, Hydatidocele
 —o. GEdeniatica, CEdematoscheocele—o. Semina-
 lis, Spermatocele—o.  Urinalis, Urocele—o. Vari-
 cosa, Varicocele.
    OSCHEOCHALASIE, from ooxtov, 'the scro-
 tum,' and xa^a0~'s> 'relaxation.'   A  tumour re-
 sulting  from  hypertrophy of the areolar tissue
 of the scrotum,  and the excessive extension of
 the  skin of the part,—an affection which has been
 confounded with sarcocele.—Alibert.
    OSCHEON, Scrotum, Os uteri.
    OSCHEON'CUS,  Oschon'eus,  Oecheophy'nm^
  Oschophy'ina, from oscheon, and oysos, ' a tumour.
  A preternatural swelling of the scrotum.
    OSCHEOPIIYMA,  Oscbeoncus.
    OSCHEOPLASTIC,  Oscheoplas'ticus, from
  oscheon,'  and *Xaoou>,' I  form.'  An epithet given
  to the operation  for restoring the  scrotum when
  lost.  Os'cheoplasti/.
    OSCHEOPYOSDE'MA, Osehopyceele'ma, (Ede -
  ma  scroti purulen'turn.  Purulent  tumefaction  of
  the scrotum.
    OSCHEUS. Scrotum.
    OS'CHION.   The raised margin of the os uteri.
  According to some,an excrescence from the os uteri.
    OSCHITIS,Orchei'tis, Oschei'tis, Injlaniina'tio^
  scroti,  from  oscheon, and  itis,  ' inflammation.
  Inflammation of the scrotum.
    OSCHOCARCINOMA, Cancer, chimney-
sweepers .
  OSCHOCELE, Oscheocele, Scrotocele.
  OSCIIONCUS, Oscheoncus. 
OSCIIOPIIYMA             6
  OSCIIOPIIYMA, Oscheoncus.
  OSCIIOPY<E1>EMA, Oscheopy<cdema.
  OSCH URC, UE'M A:  from oscheon,  ovpov,,
 'urine,' and oibrjuu, 'oedema.'  (Edema from effu-
 Bion of  urine into the scrotum.
  OSCHUS. Scrotum.
  OSCHVDRCEDE'MA,  from  oscheon,   'vbwp,
 'water,' and  otbr/pa,  'oedema.'   (Edema  scroti
 aqito'suin.   Watery oedema of the scrotum.
  OSCILLA'TIO, Irritability, Oscillation.
  OSCILLATION,  OscUlu'tio; frora  oscillum,
 'an image, perhaps of  Bacchus, hung on ropes,
 and swung  up and  down  in the  air.'   Vibration,
 Vibia'iuen,  Vibra'tio, Vibra'tus.   Also, a partial
 rotatory movement of the eyeball to and from its
 untcro-posterior axis.
  OS'CITANT (FEVER), Febris os'dtans, (F.)
 Fiivre oscitante, frora oscitare,' to yawn.' A  fever,
 in which the patient is contiuually yawning.
  OSCITATIO. Yawning.
  OSCULATORIUS,  Orbicularis oris.
  OSCULUM UTERI, Os uteri.
  OSCUS, Scrotum.
   OSEILLE,  Rumex acetosus—o. Boucher, Ru-
 mex scutatus — o.  Petite,  Rumex scutatus — o.
 Rniirle,  Rumex scutatus—o. Rouge, Rumex san-
 guineus.
  OSIER, Salix alba—o.  red, Cornus sericea.
  OS'MAZOME, Os'mozoine, Osniazo'ma,  Osmo-
 zn'mtt, Os'mazone, Zomod'mum,  fF.)  Matiere ex-
 tractive du Bouillon, Extra it de viande ,- Extrac-
 tive or  Saponaceous extract of meat; from oapn,
 'smell,' and tarpos, 'soup.'  M.  Thenard  gave
 this name  to an extractive matter, contained in
 muscular flesh and in the blood of animals, which
 lie  considers of a  peculiar nature.   It has an
 agreeable smell and taste, and is found in Bouil-
 lons of meat,  in the  proportion of one part to
 seven  of  gelatin.   Vauquelin discovered  in  it
 Bome fungi. It is the substance  which gives the
 flavour  of  meat to  soups,  and  hence its  name.
 It is a  mixture of different crystallizable and un-
 crystallizable principles  with empyreumatic pro-
 ducts.
  Osmazome has been prescribed in the dose of
 _~ss to 3J> io broth or in powder,  with aromatics,
 as a stimulant to the  digestive actions and a re-
 storer of appetite in convalescence.   An Osma-
 znnie choe'olate, Chocola'ta cum  osmazo'rna, has
 been introduced  as  an analeptic article of diet.
 It consists of chocolate Ibj to osmazome 5j.
  OSME.  Odour.
  OSMESIS, Olfaction.
  OSMIDRO'SIS, frora oapn, 'odour,' and 'ibptos,
 'sweat.'  Perspiration of an unusual odour.
  OSMITOPSTS   ASTERISCOI'DES,  Bellis.
 A plant, of the Cape of  Good Hope, which, from
 its  smell and  taste, seems to contain  camphor;
 hence its antispasmodic virtues.   In infusion, it
 is often beneficially employed  in cough, hoarse-
 ness, and diseases of the chest generally, and  is
 said to be  serviceable in flatulent colic.  Infused
 in spirit, spir'itus bell'idle, it has been used suc-
 cessfully as an external remedy in paralysis.
  OSMOMETRICUS  SENSES,  Olfaction.
  OSMON'OSI, Osntonu'si, Morbi olfac't&s, from
 oir/ii), 'odour,' and voaos, 'a disease.'  Diseases of
 olfaction.
  OSMONOSOLOG'TA. from ocuv, 'odour,'  voaos,
 'disease,' and Xoyos,  'description.'  The doctrine
 of, or a treatise on, the  diseases  of the sense of
 smell.
  OSMORRHI'ZA  LONOTS'TYLIS.  (oapn, 'a
 scent,' and pi£a, 'a root,') Sweet Cic"ely.  An in-
 digenous plant, Order, Uinbollifera?, which flowers
 in May nnd June.  It is an agreeable aromatic,
having much of the flavour of  anise.
  OSMOSE,  Oimo'sis ;  from  taapos,  'impulse.'
The action by which fluids are impelled through il
3               OSSICULA
 moist membrane and other porous  septa, in en-
 dosmotic and exosmotic experiments.
   OSMOT'IC, Osrnot'icus,  same  etymon.   Re-
 lating or belonging to osmose : as " osmotic force,"
 the force which induces osmose.
   OSMOZOME,  Osmazome.
   OSMUND, ROYAL,  Osmunda regalis.
   OSMUN'DA CINNAMO'MEA, Cinnamon
 Fern.   Indigenous; Order, Filices; is regarded
 to be demulcent,  subastringent, and tonic. Boiled
 in milk, it yields a fine  mucilage, which is useful
 in diarrhoea.
   Osmun'da  Rega'lis,  0.  sjjectab'ilis,  Filix
 Flor'ida, Flow'ering  Fern,  Osmund-royal.  This
 plant was once thought to possess astringent aud
 eminenagogue virtues.
   Osmunda Spectabilis, 0. regalis.
   OSORON, Opium.
   OSPHRANTERICUS, Olfactory.
   OSPHRANTICOS, Olfactory
   OSP Hit ASIA, Olfaction.
   OSPHRESIOL'OGY,  Osphresiolog"ia,   from
 oatjiprjots, 'olfaction,' and Xoyos, 'a discourse.'  A
 treatise on olfaction and odours.
   OSPHRESIS,  Olfaction.
   OSPIIRETICUS, Olfactory.
   OSPHRIS'TICE,  from   oaipvats,  'olfaction.'
 The doctrine of the phenomena of odours.
   OSPHYALGEMA,  Coxalgia.
   OSPIIYALGIA, Coxalgia.
   OSPHYARTHRITIS, Osphyitis.
   OSPHYARTHROCACE, Ccxarum morbus.
   OSPHYITIS,   Osphij'tis, Osphyarthri'tis,  In.
 fiamma'tio coxa, from ootpvs, 'the  hip,' and itis,
 denoting inflammation. Inflammation of the parts
 about the hip.
   OSPIIYRRHEUMA,  Lumbago.
   OSPHYS, Haunch, Lumbi.
   OSPHYTIS, Osphyitis.
   OSSA BREGMATIS, Parietal bones—o. Con-
 voluta inferiora.  Turbinated bones, inferior—o.
 Digitorum manfis, Phalanges of the  fingers— o.
 Digitorum pedis,  Phalanges ofthe toes—o. Epac-
 talia, Wormiana  ossa — o.  Maxilla?  superioris
 quarta seu quinta seu secunda, Nasal bones — o.
 Nasalia, Nasal bones — o. Nasi, Nasal bones — o.
 Nervalia, Parietal bones—o. Pisiformia lingualia,
 see Hyoides, os—o. Raphogeminantia, Wormiana
 ossa — o. Sesamoideu, Sesamoid bones—o. Sin-
 cipitis, Parietal bones—o. Spongiosa, Turbinated
 bones—o. Suturarum, Wormiana ossa—o. Tertia
 maxilla? superioris, Turbinated bones—o.  Tetra-
 gona, Parietal bones—o. Triangularia, Sphenoidal
 cornua — o. Triangularia Blasii, Wormiana ossa
 — o. Triquetra, Wormiana ossa — o. Triticea, see
 Hyoides, os—o. Turbinata, Turbinated bones—o.
 Verticalia, Parietal bones.
   OSSEINE, Osteine.
   OSSELETS DE BERTIN. Sphenoidaliacor-
 nua— o. de VOreille, Ossicula  auditus—o. de
 I'Onie, Ossicula auditfls—o. du Tympan, Ossicula
 auditfls.
   OSSEOUS, Os'seus, Osto'des, Osto'i'des, Ostoitl,
 (F.J  Osseux ; from os, ' a bone.'  Bony.  Resem-
bling bone.
   OSSICLES. Ossicula,  see Ossiculum.
   OSSICULA, see Ossiculum.
   Ossic'ula Audi'tus, 0. Ann's, (F.) Osselets de
 I'oreille ou de louie ou du  tympan.  The  small
 bones or ossicles situate in the  cavity of the tym-
panum,  and  forming an uninterrupted chain from
 the membrane of the tympanum to that  of tie
fenestra ovalis.   They are four in  number; ami
their series,  frora without  to within,  is as fol-
lows: Malleus, Incus,  Os orbiculare, Stapes.
   Ossicula   Bertini, Sphenoidalia  cornua — o.
Innominata, Innominata minora ossa—o. Nasi,
Nasal bones—o. Sesamoidea, Sesamoid boues—o.
 Triticea, see Hyoides, os. 
OSSICULUM              661         OSTEO-S A RCO M A
  OSSICULUM,  (plural  Ossic'ula,)  Osta'rion,
Os'sicle.   Diminutive  of os, ossis,  'a bone.'  A
small bone.   See Os.
  Ossiculum  Cochleare,  Orbicular bone — o.
Incudi  Comparatum, Incus — o. Malleolo  assi-
niilatuin. Malleus — o. Molari denti comparatum,
Incus — o. Orbiculare, Orbicular bone — o. Quar-
tuin, Orbicular bone — o. Squamosum, Orbicular
bone.
  OSSIFICATION, Ossi flea'tio, Ossifac'tio, from
os, 'a bone,' and facere, 'to make.'    Osteogen'ia,
Osteogen'csis,  Ostco'sis,  Osto'sis.  Formation  of
bone.  Development  or  increase of the osseous
system.   Ossification  takes place  in the same
manner as the nutrition of other  organs.  The
bones are, at first, mucous, and afterwards carti-
laginous; the  cartilage, at  length, receives the
phosphate of lime, and is,  at the same time, re-
placed  by a gelatinous  parenchyma, when the
bone has acquired the whole of its  development.
  Ossification, Points  of,  Puncta seu Nu'cld
ossifieatio'nis, Nn'clei ossei, are the points where
tbe ossification of a bone  commences, whence it
extends to other parts.  Almost all the  bones
present a greater or less  number  of points  of
ossification.   Besides the  natural  ossification,
which we observe in  the fcetus  and  in the first
periods of life, there are also acciden'tal ossifica-
tions,  such  as  those  frequently  remarked  after
the  inflammation of serous membranes, in the
parietes of arteries, and  to which the terms Os-
thex'ia,  Incrusta'tion  and  Petrifac'tion   have,
sometimes, been applied.
  OSSIFRAGA. Osteocolla.
  OSSIS  SACRI ACUMEN, Coccyx.
  OSSISANA, Osteocolla.
  OSSIV'OROUS, from os,  ossis, 'a bone,' and
voro, ' I devour.'  A species of tumour, mentioned
by Ruysch, which destroys bone.
  OS'TAGRA, Os'teagra, from, oareov, 'a  bone,'
nnd  aypa, 'seizure.'   A forceps to cut or remove
portions of bone.
  OSTALGIA. Osteocopus.
  OSTARTUM. Ossiculum.
  OSTARTHRTTIS, Arthrophlogosis.
  OSTARTHROCACE,  Spina ventosa.
  OSTEAURA, Ostagra.
  OSTEALGIA, Osteocopus.
  OSTEIDE,  Osteoid.
  OSTEINE,  Ossdne, from oareov,  'a bone.' The
animal matter of bone.
  OSTEITES, Osteocolla.
  OSTEITIS, Ostitis, from oartov, 'a bone,' and
itis.   Infiamma'tio Ossis.  Inflammation of bone ;
characterized by violent  shooting and lancinating
pains in a bone.
  OSTEMPYE'SIS,  Osteempye'sis, Ostempyo'sis,
from oareov, ' a. bone,' and eutrvnots,  (ev, and nvov,)
' effusion of pus.'  An abscess in the interior of  a
bone.
  OSTEMPYOSTS. Ostempyesis.
  OSTEOANABROSIS, Osteonabrosis.
  OSTEOCE'LE. from oareov, 'a bone,' and ktiXij,
'a tumour.'  A hernia in which  the sac is carti-
laginous and bony:—a rare case.  Also,  osseous
induration of one or both  testicles.
  OSTEOCLASIS, Fracture.
  OSTEOCOL'LA,  from  oareov, 'a bone,'  and
KiXXa. 'glue.'  Glue-bone,  Stone or  Bone binder;
 Ossif'raga,  Holos'teus, Ossisa'na,  Ostri'tes, Os-
tei'tes,  Amos'tens,  Osteolithos,   Stefochi'tes.  A
name given to petrified carbonate of lime, found
in some parts of Germany and other portions of
the  globe ;  so called, because it has been sup-
posed to possess the power of favouring the for-
mation of callus  in fractures.  It  is  the  Chaux
carbonatie  concretionnie incrustante  of   Haiiy.
Not used.
  OSTEOCOPUS, Ostealgia,  Ostal'gia,  Osteo-
dynia, from oareov, 'a bone,' and ko-:os, 'fatigue.'
Boneach, Bone-ague.  Pain  in the bones,—as in
syphilis.
  OSTEOCYST'OID, Osterrcystoi'des, from oarrov,
'a bone,' kvotis, 'a sack or  cyst,' and ti^ot, 'ap-
pearance.'  A morbid growth in bone, consisting
of the formation of cysts  filled with puriforui or
other fluid.
  OSTEODENTINE, see  Tooth.
  OSTEODYNIA, Osteocopus.
  OSTEOGANGRENA, Necrosis.
  OSTEOGEN'IA, Ossification.
  OSTEOG'RAPHY, Osteogra'phia, from  oartov,
' a bone,' and ypatptiv, ' to  describe.'  Description
of the bones.   Tbe part of anatomy which de-
scribes the bones.
  OSTEOIIELCOSIS, Caries.
  OSTEOID, Osteoi'des, (F.) Ostiide, from oartov,
'bone,' and etbos,  'appearance.'   An accidental
bony production,  or  more frequently a morbid
production, which  is a calcareous incrustation of
the normal tissue or of fibrous tumours.
  OSTEOLITHOS, Osteocolla.
  OSTEOL'OGY,  Osteolog"ia,  from oareov,  'a
bone,' and Xoyos, 'a discourse.'   The part of ana-
tomy which treats  of  bones.
  OSTEOLYO'SIS,  from oartov, 'a bone,' and
Xvor, 'I dissolve.'  Necrosis or death of the bone,
as in hospital  gangrene, in which the dead parts
are of soft consistence.
  OSTEOMA, Exostosis.
  OSTEOMALACIA, Mollities  ossium —o. In-
fantum, Rachitis.
  OSTEOMALACOSIS, Mollities ossium.
  OSTEOMYELITIS, Medullitis.
  OSTEON, Bone  — o. Hieron, Sacrum.
  OSTEONABRO'SIS,  Osteoanabro'sis, from
oareov, 'a bone,' a priv., and Pptoots, 'nutriment.'
Atrophy of the osseous texture marked by dimi-
nution of  volume.
  OSTEON'CUS, from oartov, 'a bone,'and oytoj,
'a tumour.'   A bony tumour.
  OSTEONECROSIS, Necrosis.
  OSTEON'OSI, Osteonu'si, from oareov, 'a bone,'
and  voaos,  'a disease.'  Mor'bi os'sium.  Diseases
of the bones.
  OSTEOPEDION, Lithopa?dion.
  OSTEOPALIN'CLASIS,  from oartov, 'a bone,'
iraXtv, 'again,' and rtXaots,  'fracture.' The  break-
ing again  of a bone which has united unfavour-
ably.
  OSTEOPHY'MA, Osteoncus.  Sometimes used
in the sense of Exostosis.  By  Lobstein  applied
to  bony productions originating in the  deep-
seated layers of tbe periosteum, in the vicinity
of a carious bone, and which seem to be intended
to obviate the weakness  resulting from  the de-
struction of the bone.
   OSTEOPHYTE, Exostosis.
   OSTEOPH'YTON, Osteophyte, from oareov, 'a
bone.' and  tpvta, ' I  grow.'  Under this  name,
Rokitansky describes a deposition of bony matter,
found by him on the inner surface ofthe parietes
of the skull of pregnant women.
   OSTEOPLASTY, (F.) Ostiop/astiejrom oareov,
'a bone,'and  irXacouv, ' to form.'   An operation
by which the total or partial  loss of  a  bone is
remedied.
   OSTEOPLEU'RA, Pleurosto'sis.  from  oartov,
'a bone,' and  nXevpov, 'a rib.'  Ossification ofthe
cartilages of the ribs.
   OSTEOPORO'SIS, Osteosclero'sis, from oartov,
'a  bone,'and rrwpioats. 'induration.'  Induration
of a bone, from the deposition of too much bony
matter.   Also, a bony degeneration, which con-
sists in too great porosity with  hardening. [?]
   OSTEOPSATHYROSIS, Fragilitas ossium.
   OSTEO-SARCO'M A, Osteo-snrco'sis, Sarensto'-
sis, Hamatexosto'sis, from oareov,' bone,' and aap(, 
OSTEOSARCOSIS
6 65
OTITIS
eapKOf, ' flesh.'  Disease of the bony tissue, which
consi.-ts  in  softening  of its  lamina?, and  their
transformation into a fleshy substance, analogous
to that  of cancer;  accompanied  with  general
symptoms of cancerous  affection.  Tbe word has
often, also, been used synonymously with  spina
ventosa.
  OSTEOSARCOSIS, Osteosarcoma.
  OSTEOSCLEROSIS, Osteoporosis.
  OSTEOSIS, Ossification.
  OSTEO-STEATO'MA,  Exosto'sis steatomato'-
des, from oareov, 'a bone,' and areap, arearos, ' suet
or fat.'  A  name given to bony tumours  or de-
generations, which sometimes belong to osteo-sar-
coma; at others, to spina ventosa, exostosis, Ac.
   OSTEOTOME; same etymon as Osteotomy.
 A bone saw, which has the form  of a chain.—
 Nystcn.
   OSTEOT'OMIST, Osteotomis'ta.  Same etymon
 ns the next.  An instrument, invented by Dr. D.
 Davis, for cutting the bones of the foetal cranium.
 where it becomes necessary to greatly reduce the
 Bize of the bead in parturition.
   OSTEOTOMY,  Osteotom'ia,  from oartov, 'a
 bone,'and  repveiv, 'to cut,' (ropn, 'an incision.')
 The part of practical anatomy whose object is the
 dissection of bones.
   OSTEOTOPHUS, Tophus.
   OSTEOTYLUS, Callus.
   OSTEULCUM,  Bone-nippers.
   OSTEUM, Bone.
   OSTHEXIA, see Ossification.
   OSTIARIUS, Pylorus.
   OSTIOLUM, diminutive  of  oareov, 'a  mouth
 or opening.'   A small door or gate.
   Ostiola Cordis,  Valvules cordis, Pellic'ula
 cordis.   The valves of  the heart.
   OSTITIS, Osteitis.
   OSTIUM, oartov, Orific,"ium, a door or gate,
 — of the heart, for example.   The opening —
  Os'tinm atrioventricula're seu ventric'uli veno'suni
 — between tbe auricle and ventricle of each  side.
  Os'tinm  ventric'uli arterio'sum,  is the opening at
 the origin of the pulmonary  artery and aorta.
   Ostium Abdominalk, see Tube. Fallopian — o.
 Arteriosum,  see  Ostium — o.  Atrioventriculare,
 see Ostium—o. Duodenale ventriculi. Pylorus—o.
 Internum, see Ostium  uteri — o.  OEsophageum,
 Cardia.
   Ostium  U'teri.  The vulva;  the vagina.  The
 term Os'tinm inter'niim has  been  applied  to the
 inferior  opening of the uterus,  which establishes
 a free communication between  the cavities of the
 body and neck, and which is often obliterated in
 old women.—Cruveilhier.  The neck of the ute-
 rus :  the mouth of the  uterus.   See Uterus.
   Ostium  Uterinum, see Tube,  Fallopian—o.
 Venosum, see Ostium — o. Ventriculi Duodenale
 seu Pvloricum seu Dextrum seu  Inferius, Pylorus.
   OSTODES, Osseous.
   OSToiDEA SUBSTANTIA, see Tooth.
   OSTOID, Osseous.
   OSTO.MA, Exostosis.
   OSTOSIS, Ossification.
   OSTREA,  Os'treuni, oarptov, oarpeiov,  Os'trea
 edu'lis, (F.) Huitre.  Class, Acephala. The  oyster.
 The oyster is a wholesome  article  of diet, often
 advised as analeptic and  easy of digestion.
   The shells, Testa  Os'trea, Testa (Ph.  U. S.),
 (F.) Ecaillrs d'hiutrcs, have been received into
 the Pharmacopoeias, and used medicinally.  Their
 virtues are similar to those  of  the  carbonate of
 lime.  See Creta.
   OSTREUM, Ostrea.
   OSTKITES. Osteocolla.
   OSTKUTHIUM, Imperatoria.
   OSWEGO TEA. Monarda coccinea.
   OSYRIS, Antirhinum  linaria.
   OTACO US TIC, Otacous'ticus,  from ovs,  toros,
'the ear,' and okovoj, 'I listen.'  Airy instrument
is so called which improves the sense of hearing,
—as the different species of trumpets.
  OTAGRA, Otalgia.
  OTAL'GIA.  Ot'agra,  Otod'yne, Otalgy,  (F.)
Otalgie, fro in ovs, ottos, 'the ear,' and aXyos, 'pain.'
Pain  in the ear;  Dolor au'rium,  Spae'mus au'-
rium. Ear-ache.   See  Otitis.
  OTAI/GIC,  Otal'gicus,  (F.)  Otalgique.   An
epithet for remedies used in otalgia.
  OTECHUS.  Tinnitus aurium.
  OTEMPLASTRUM, Otoplas'ta, Otoplas'trum,
from oris, otos, and ep-rrXaarpov, ' a plaster.  A plas-
ter put behind  the ears.
  OTEN'CHYTES,  Oten'chyta, from  oris,  otos,
tv,  'into,' and Xvor, 'I pour.'  Sipho a uric nia'ris.
A species of syringe, used for injecting the ear.
  OTHELCO'SIS, from  ous, otos, and 'eXstoais,
'ulceration.'   Ulceration  or  suppuration of the
ear.
  OTHONE, Linteum.
  OTHONION, Linteum.
   0TI1YOR0TES, Otirrhcea.
   OTIATER, Aurist.
   OTIATRI'A,  Otiut'rice, from   oris, otos, and
tarpeia, 'medicine.'   The business of the aurist.
Tbe  management of diseases of the ear; Aural
Medicine and Surgery, Ear Surgery.
   OTIATRICE. Otiatria.
   OTIATRUS, Aurist.
   OTIC,  O'ticus, (F.)  Otiqne, from  ous,  otos.
Belonging  or  relating to the ear.  A  medicine
employed in diseases of  the ear.
   Otic Ganglion, Otogan'glium, Gang'lion auri-
cula''re seu o'ticum, Auric'ular ganglion, Ganglion
a/  Arnold,  (F.)  Ganglion  maxillo-tympanique.
This is  a small  ganglion, although  more  than
double the size  of tbe ophthalmic, ash-coloured
and pulpy like the ganglions  of the sympathetic.
It  is situate in  advance of the ganglion of Gasser,
on the lower  surface of  the inferior maxillary
nerve, at the inner margin  of the  foramen ovale
of  the sphenoid bone.  See Petrous ganglion.
   OTIRRHCE'A, Otorrhee'a, Othy'grates, B/enno-
 torrhce'a, (F.) Catarrhe  de I Oreille,  from oil*,
otos, and ptur, 'I flow.'  Discharge of a purulent
 or  puriform liquid, from the meatus auditorius ex-
 ternus, Pyorrhoe'a au'rium, Otopyorrhce'a, Pya-
otorrha'a,  Oton-ha-'a  pnrnlen'ta.   It is  a symp-
 tom  of chronic otitis.  Some authors,  have, in-
 deed, used  the term synonymously with chronic
 otitis. When it extends to  the brain, it is termed
 cor'ebral otorrhw'a ; and when from  the middle
 or  internal ear,  it is termed  internal otorrhwa,
 Otorrhee'a inter'na, and Entotorrhoe'a.
   Otirrhcea Cerebral, see Otirrhcea.
   OTITES, see Digitus.
   OTITIS.  Otoph/ci/'mone,  Empres'nta  otitis,
 Infiamma'tio auris, In/lamination of the ear; (F.)
 Otite, Inflammation  de  loreif/e,  from ous,  otos,
 and  itis, denoting inflammation.  Inflammation
 of the mucous membrane of the ear, characterized
 hy  excruciating  pain ;  intolerable humming in
 the ear, with a discharge of mucus  generally from
 the  meatus externus or  from the  Eustachian
 tube.  When the inflammation is restricted to
 the lining membrane  of the meatus, it  is termed
 otitis catarrha'lis.  Otitis is divided into external
 and  internal, according as it affects  the meatus
 auditorius,  or the cavity  of  the  tympanum or
 internal ear.   It  may be ot-nre or chronic.  Acute
 otitis commonly  terminates in a  few  days in a
 favourable  manner, with the aid  of antiphlogis-
 tics.  Chronic otitis, otirrlnr'a. is  almost always
 accompanied  by  a purulent  discharge  from the
 meatus  auditorius.   It  is often  incurable,  and
may ultimately  give occasion  to  disease of the
internal ear, and  even of the brain.
   Otitis  Catarrhalis,  see Otitis. 
OTIUM
666
OVIGEROU9
  O'TIUM, Ota'rinm, from  ous, otos.  A small
ear.   The auricle or pavilion of the ear.
  OTOCEPHALUS, Mono'tin, from  ous,  otos,
and  KttpaXn, 'head.'  A monster, whose ears are
in contact, or united into one.
  OTOCONIES, see Otolithi.
  OTODYNE,  Otalgia.
  OTOGLYPHIS, Earpick.
  OTOGLYPHUM, Earpick.
   OTOG'RAPHY, Otogra'phia, from  ous, otos,
and ypatpn, ' a description.'  The part of anatomy
which describes the ear.
   OTOLITHS, Otolithi, O'tolites,(¥.) Otolithes,
from on«,  otos, and XiBos, 'a stone.'  White cal-
careous substances contained in the membranous
vestibule,  and seeming to be suspended in  the
fluid of the vestibule  by means of a number  of
nervous filaments  proceeding  from the auditory
nerve.   Their universal presence  in the ear  of
the mammalia would seem to  show that they are
inservient  to audition.   When of a looser con-
sistence, they are called Otocon'ia,  (F.)  Otoconies,
 from ovs, ottos, ' the ear,' and koviu, ' dust.'
   OTOL'OGY, Otolog'ia,  from   ous,  otos, and
 Xoyos, ' a discourse.'  The part of anatomy  which
 treats of the ear.   An anatomical  treatise on the
 ear.
   OTOPATIIEMA, Otopathy.
   OTOP'ATHY,  Otopathla,  Otopathe'ma,  from
 ous, otos,  and nados, 'a disease.'  A diseased con-
 dition of  tbe ear.
   OTOPIILEGMONE. Otitis.
   OTOPLASTA, Otemplastrum.
    OTOPLASTICE,  O'loplasty, from  ous, otos,
 and nXaoriKos, ' forming.'  The operation for  re-
 Storing a lost ear.
    OTOPLASTRUM, Otemplastrum.
    OTOPYORRHEA, Otirrhoea.
    OTORRHACIA, from  ous,  otos,  and  payi?,
  'rupture.'  Bleeding from the ear or ems.
    OTORRHEUMATIS'MUS, from mis,  otos, and
  ptvpartapos, 'rheumatism;'  Otalgia rheiiiintt'ica.
  Rheumatic ear-ache.
    OTORRHEA. Otirrhoea—o. Cerebral, see Otir-
  rhoea — o. Interna, see Otirrhoea—o.  Purulenta,
  Otirrhoea.
    OTOSCOPE,  Otoscop'inin, from ous, otos,  and
  CKorn, 'examination.'   An  instrument for exami-
  ning the condition of the ear. An elastic stetho-
  scope, the ends of which are  tipped with ivory—
  one to be inserted into the  meatus ofthe patient,
  nnd the other applied to the  ear of the examiner.
     OTOT'OMY,  Ototom'ia, from  ous,  otos,  and
  vtpvtiv, 'to cut.'   The  part of practical anatomy
  which  teaches  the mode of  dissecting and  pre-
  paring the ear.
     OTTO OF ROSES, see Rosa centifolia.
     OUACHITA SPRINGS, see Arkansas, mine-
  ral waters of.
     OUlE, Audition.
     OULA, Gingiva?.
     OULE. Cicatrix.
     OULITIS. Ulitis.
     OULORRIIAGIA, Ulorrhagia.
     OUNCE. Urt'cia.   A weight equal to the  16th
  part of a pound avoirdupois, the  12th of a pound
  troy.  Itis composed of 8 drachms.  See Weights
  and Measures.
     OUR A QUE, Urachus.
     OURARI, Curare.
     OUREMA. Urine.
     OUR LES, Parotis, Cynanche  parotidaea.
     OURON, Urine.
     OUS,  genitive otos,  ovs, ottos, Ear.
     OUTHAR, Mamma, Uterus.
     OUTRE-MER, Lapis lazuli.
     OUVERTURE CADAVERIQUE,
  cadaverica.
  OVA  GRAAFIANA,  Folliculi Graafian!— o.
Nabothi, Nabothi glandulas.
  OVAIRE, Ovarium.
  OVAL, Ova'lis,  Oi'r'des,  Ooi'tles, Ova'tns, (V.)
Ovale, from uiov, ovum, ' an egg.'  Egg-shaped ;
elliptic.   That which is round and oblong like an
egg-
  Ovale Fora'men, Foramen oii'des,  (F.) Trim
ovale.   The foramen obturatorium; also, the fo-
ramen in the inner paries of the middle ear, which
opens into  the  vestibule; the  foramen in the
sphenoid  bone, through which the third brunch
of the fifth pair issues from the cranium ; and the
aperture, in  the foetus,  between the  auricles  of
the heart.   See  Botal Foramen.
  Ovalis  Fossa,  Fo'rea  ova'lis,  Vol'ruin seu
 Vestig"ium Foram'inis oralis, is a depression ob-
served  in the right auricle of the heart, in the
septum, which  separates it from tbe left auricle.
It has thick  and strong edges, at its  upper and
fore  part, called   Cohim'na  fornm'iuis uva'lis,
Isthmus seu Aii'nulus  Vicitsse'nii. An'nidus sen
Linibus  fossa avah's: in  the  foetus  called Aii'-
nulus foram'inis  seu  fossa  ova'lis.   The fossa
ovalis,  in the adult, replaces the inter-auricular
aperture in tbe  septum auricularum of the foetus.
   OVALBUMEN, Albumen  ovi.
   OVA'RIAN,  Ova'rial, Ovaria'nus, (F.)  Ova-
 rien,  Ovarique;   from  ovarium, utaptov,  'the
 ovary.'  Relating or belonging to the ovary—as
 Ovarian pregnancy.
   Ovarian Artery.Spermatic artery—o. Nerves,
 Spermatic plexus  of nerves — o. Pregnancy, see
 Pregnancy, ovarian—o. Veins. Spermatic veins—
 o. Vesicles, Folliculi (Jraafiani.
   OVARIOTOMY, Oariotomy.
   O'VARISTS, Ovists.  Same etymon as Ovarian.
 Those physiologists who think that the phenomena
 of generation, in  the human species nnd in every
 species of  animal, result from tbe development
 of the  ova or ovula of the female, merely incited
 by the male.  Not many of tbe physiologists of
 the  present day can  be  classed  among  the
 ovarists.
   OVARTTTS. Oaritis.
   OVA'RIUM.  Diminutive  of toov, ovum, 'an
 egg.'  The  O'vary, (Sc.) Eggbed; Testis  mulie'-
 bris seu femiiie'us,  On'rion, Ooph'oron, Gyitott •
 rium.  Vesica'Hum, (F.) Ovaire.   The ovaries  are
 the organs in which the ova are formed in ovi-
 parous animals.  By  analogy, the name has been
 given  to the organs which the ancients called  tbe
 testicles  of the  female.  They  are two  ovoid
 bodies, almost as large as  the  testicles in men,
 placed on each side  of the  uterus,  between  tho
 Fallopian tube and round ligament, and in  tho
 substance of the broad  ligament.  Their outer
 extremity gives attachment to one of the projec-
 tions  of the fimbriated  extremity of  the Fallo-
 pian tube ;  and the internal is fixed  to the uterus
 by a small ligamentous  cord, called Ligiimen'tinii
 rotun'd u m ova'rii, Lig'ament ofthe O'vary.   The
  ovaries are composed of a very close, spongy  tex-^
  tore—stroma,—and of small vesicles—lo/lie'uh
  Graafia'ni,— n\\ed with a clear fluid : these vesi-
  cles contain ovules, which detach themselves from
  the ovarium before and after fecundation, and are
  carried into the cavity of the uterus by the  Fal-
  lopian tube.
    Ovarium Tumidum,  Oarioncus — o.  Nabothi,
  Nabothi glandulae.
    OVATUS,  Oval.
    OVER-EATING,  COLIC  FROM, Colica  cra-
  pulosa.
    OVERO BUTUA, Pareira brava.
    OVICAPSULE, see Folliculi Graafiani.
    OVIDUCT. Tube, Fallopian.
    OVIDUCTUS MULIEBRIS, Tuba Fallopian*.
    OVIG"EROUS,   O'viger,  Ovig"erns;   from 
0 V1TAR1T&
60 7
OXYCANTHA
onm?, 'an  egg,' and gero, 'I bear.'  Containing
or producing ova or eggs.
  OVI PA RITE, see Oviparous.
  OVIP'AROUS, Odp'arns, (F.) Ovipare ; from
ovum, ' an egg,' and pario,  ' I  bring forth.'  An
epithet applied to animals which are hatched from
eggs outside of the  body.  The condition may be
termed Ovip'aronsness, (F.)  Ovipurite.  See  Ge-
neration.
  OVIPAR0USNESS, see Oviparous.
  OVISAC, see Folliculi Craafiani — o. Tunic of
the. see Folliculi Graaliani.
  OVISTS, Ovarists.
  0V0L0GY, Oologia.
  OVO-VIVIP'AROUS. (F.) Ovo-vivipare, from
ovum, 'an egg.'  rivus,  'living,' and pario, 'I
bring forth.'  Oviparous animals, whose ova are
hatched within the  mother,—vipers, for example.
 See (feneration.
   OVULA GRAAFIANA,  Folliculi Graafiani —
 0. Nabothi, Nabothi glanduln?.
   O'VULAR, Ovnla'ris; from ovulum, 'an ovule.'
 Relating or helonging to the ovule.
   OVULATION;  from ovulum,  diminutive of
 ovum, 'an egg.'  The formation  of  ova  in the
 ovary, and the discharge of the same.  Also, the
 development of the embryo from the oirg.
   Spontaneous Ovulation, (F.) Ovulation spou-
 tuiiee, is the spontaneous formation and discharge
 of  ova  which takes  place  in the female  of the
 mammalia.   See  Heat.
   OVULE. Ovulum.
   OVULINE, Decidua reflexa.
   O'VULU.M,  O'vule;  diminutive of ovum,  'an
 egg.'  A  small egg.  That which has the appear-
 ance of a small egg. See Ovum.
   OVUM, uoi/, Oriii. an egg.   The eggs of poultry
 are chiefly used as  food.   The different parts are,
 likewise,  employed in medicine.   Tho shell, Au-
 ran'cnin,  Aura li'turn,  (F.)   Coque  OU  Ctrquille
 tl'teuf, calcined, is  esteemed an absorbent.  The
  Oil of the eijg is emollient, and  is used,  exter-
 nally, to burns and chaps.  The  Yolk or  Yelk
 of the egg—Vt'lellum seu  Vitd'hts ovi, Lec'ithos
 — renders oils, Ac, miscible with water.  Eggs,
 when light  boiled, are  easy of digestion;  but,
 when very hard-boiled  or  fried,  they  are more
 rebellious.
    Et/g Brandy is made by taking of Brandy fjf iv:
  Ct'iinaiiitai water, f.^iv; the yolks of two egi/s .-
  Sniptr. ,^ss : and Oil of cinnamon, gtt. ij.  Mix
  the yolks of the  eggs first with the water, the oil
  and the sugar, stirring constantly.   Then add the
  brandy  little and  little, until  a smooth  fluid is
  formed.  It is an  agreeable mode of giving  brandy
  in adynamic states.
    In Pharmacy, white of  egg,  which consists
  chiefly of albumen, is used  for clarifying syrups,
  <te.   Yolk of egg,  (F.) Jaune d'oeuf,  beaten up
  with warm water and sugar, and aromatized  with
  orange-flower  water, forms an emulsion, which
  is  emollient, and known under the name   Lait de
  pintle or chicken's  milk.
    Anatomists give  the name Ova, O'vula, O'vules,
  (F.) (Ettfs, to round vesicles, containing a humour
 similar to the yolk of egg, which are  situate in
 the ovaries of the  female, and, when fecundated,
 constitute the rudiments of the foetus.   During
 gestation, the  embryo  and  its enveloping mem-
 branes retain  the  name Ovum,  (F.) (Euf.  The
 changes induced in the mammalia after impreg-
 nation greatly resemble those in the  bird.
   Ovum, Testicle — o.  Hystericum, see  Clavus
 hystericus.
   OXALAS SUBPOTASSICUS, Potass, oxalate
 of.
   OXALATTC,  Oralat'iciui.  Relating to  oxa-
 lates: hence Oxolat'ic  or  Oxalic acid  Diath'esis
is the habit of body which favours the formation
and deposition of oxalates from the urine.
  OXAL'IC  ACID,  Acidum oxali'num seu sac-
chari'iium seu hydro-carbon'icum seu acetosel/a,
seu oxal'icum seu sae'ehari, Acid of sugar or of
sorrel, Car'bonous acid, from o>;aXts, 'sorrel.'  An
acid  found in  sorrel.  It  crystallizes in long,
colourless, quadrangular prisms, and is generally
found, in  nature, united  with  lime or potassa
It has been proposed, in a diluted state, as a re-
frigerant, but it is unnecessary  : and,  besides, in
quantity, it  is a virulently acrid poison.  It  is
largely employed for cleaning boot-tops ;  and, as
it strongly resembles  the  sulphate of magnesia,
has often been  taken  for  it.  Several fatal cases
are, indeed,  on record.   For its antidotes,  Ac,
see Poison.
   OXALIC ACID  DIATHESIS, see Oxalatic.
   ON A L IDE, Oxalis acetosella.
   OXALIS ACETOSA, Rumex acetosus.
   Ox'alis  Acetosel'la,  0. America'na,  Oxys
alba, called from o^vs, 'acid,' owing to the sharp-
ness  of  its juice.  Ths systematic  name of the
 Woodsorrel, Cuekowbread, Sour Trefoil, White
sorrel, Mountain  Sorrel,  Trifo'lium   aceto'snm,
 Oxitriphyl'lum,  Lujula,  Altelu'ja,  Acetoselln,
 Oxypliylloii, Oxytriphyllon, Panis  cu'ctili,  (F.)
Surelle,  Ox.alide, Pain a Coucou, Alleluia.  Ord.
Oxalidaceae.  Sex.  Syst.  Decandria Decagynia.
This  plant has a gratefully acid taste, and is used
in salads.   It has been esteemed refrigerant, an-
tiscorbutic, and diuretic.
   Oxalis Americana, 0. acetosella.
   Oxalis Stricta,  Yellow wood sorrel; indige-
nous, has  similar virtues.
   Oxalis Tubero'sa, Oca.  A tuberous plant,
whose oval-shaped  root is used as food by the
Peruvians.  It  is watery, has  a sweetish taste,
and is much liked.
   OXALIUM, Potass, oxalate of.
   OXAL'ME, from  ofus, 'acid,' and  'aXs, 'salt.'
A mixture of vinegar and salt.
   OXALU'RIA, Urine, oxalic.
   OXELjE'ON, from o£uj, ' acid,' and tXatov, ' oil.'
 A mixture of vinegar and oil,  used as a condi-
 ment.
   OX EYE, Helenium autumnale—o. Gall, Bile
 of the ox.
   OXEOLE, Acitoli.
   OXICEDRE, Juniperus oxycedrus.
   OXID,  Oxyd.
   OXIDATION, Oxydation.
   OXIDE, Oxvd.
   OXIDUM, Oxyd, see Oxydum.
   OXI'NES, o^tvns,  (oivos,) from  o%vs,  'acid.'
 \ViiK> already sour,  hut not vet vinegar.
   OXTTRIPHYLLUM, Oxalis acetosella.
   OXODE, Oxvd.
   OXODES, Acidulous.
   OXOIDES,  Acidulous.
   OXOS,  Aceticum acidum, Acetum.
   OXTER. Axilla.
   OXURE, Oxyd.
   OXYA. Fairns sylvatica.
   OXYACANTHA, Mespilus oxyacantha.
   Oxvacan'tiia Gale'ni, Ber'beris. B. vulga'ris,
 Spina  ac"ida,  Crespi'nus,  (F.)  Epine vinette,
  Vinettier.   Family,   Berberideae.    Sex.  Syst.
 Ilexandria Monogynia. The Barberry. The fruit
 of the berries, Barberries, is gratefully acid, and
 moderately astringent.   By preparing  an alco-
 holic extract of the  root  and adding water to it,
 a pulverulent brown substance is thrown down,
 which, when dissolved in alcohol and evaporated,
 yields the bitter principle, Berberin, which is an
 excellent  stomachic in the dose of 2, 5,  or  10
 grains.
   The American Barberry, Ber'beris  Canaden'- 
OXYESTHESIA           668              OXYNOSEMA
»?'«, Pipperidge Bush,  Sowberry,  differs  slight^
from the European.  It flourishes on mountain;
and hillv districts from Canada to Virginia.
  OXYESTHESIA, Hyperaesthesis.
  OXYAPHE, Hyperaphia.
  OXYAPHIA, Hyperaphia.
  OXYBAPIIION, see Acetabulum.
  OXYBOL'IA, "from  ofrs,  'quick,' and ISoXi;,
'ejection.'   Too rapid  emission of sperm.
   OXYCEDRE. Juniperus oxycedrus.
  OXYCEPHA'LIA,  'Sugar-loaf  head,' from
ofuf, ' sharp,' and KctpuXri, ' head.'   Monstrosity in
which  the head is peaked like a sugar-loaf.
   OXYCOCCOS, Vaccinium  oxycoccos—o.  Pa-
lustris, Vaccinium oxycoccos.
   OX'YCRATE, Oxycra'tuni, from oft?, 'acid,'
and Kpaw,  'I  mix;' Posca, Phusca.  A mixture
of vinegar and water; frequently used in medi-
cine as a refrigerant and antiseptic.
   OXYCRO'CEUM EMPLASTRUM, from o|«s,
' acid,' and KpoKos, 'saffron.'   A plaster,  composed
of saffron, pitch, colophony,  yellow wax, turpen-
tine, galbanum, gum ammoniac, myrrh, olibanum,
and mastic.  It was employed as  a strengthening
plaster.
   OXYCUM, Oxygen.
   OXYD,   Oxid,  Oxide,  Oxyde, Ox'ydum, Ox'-
idum,  (F.) Oxyde, Oxvde, Oxure,  from of us, 'acid.'
A combination, not acid, of a simple body with
 oxygen.
   Oxyd, Calculous,  Oxyd, cystic — o. Vesical,
 Oxyd,  cystic.
   Oxyd, Cystic, Calculous or Ves'ical oxyd, Cys-
 tine, Nephrine, Scor'dosmine.  A species of uri-
 nary  calculus, having the  shape  of  confused,
 yellowish, semi-transparent,  insipid, very hard
 crystals.  When distilled,  it  furnishes  subcar-
 bonate  of  ammonia,  like  all nitrogenized mat-
 ters.  It dissolves  in  the nitric,  sulphuric, phos-
 phoric, and oxalic  acids.
   OXYDATION,  Oxyda'tio,  Oxida'tion,  Oxy-
 geua'tion.   The action of oxydizing a body; that
 is, of  combining it with oxygen; a combination
 from which results an oxyd.
   OXYDE, Oxyd.
   OXYDE D'ANTIMOINE SULFURE, Oxy-
 dum stibii sulphuratum—o. Gris ou noir de Mer-
 cure, see Hydrargyri oxydum cinereum.
   OXYDER'CIA,  Oxydor'cia, Visus a'cies, from
 ofn?, 'quick,'  and  bepKur, 'I  see.'  Sharpness of
 vision.
   OXYDER'CICUS,  Oxyder'ces.   A   medicine
 which sharpens the sight.
   OXYDORCIA, Oxydercia.
   OXYDUM, Oxid—o. Antimonii cum phosphate
 calcis, Antimonial powder.
   Oxydum Ferri Nigrum, Ferri  ox'idum  ni-
 grum, Black oxyd of iron.  The scales, which fall
 from iron, when heated, consist of iron, combined
 with oxygen.  They have been used like the cha-
 lybeates in general.   The  Edinburgh Pharmaco-
 poeia  has a Ferri ox'idum nigrum, made by pre-
 cipitating, by ammonia, a  solution of the mixed
 b'dphates  of protoxide and sesquioxide of iron.
 An analogous preparation is in the Dublin Phar-
 macopoeia, under the name  Ferri ox'ydum mag-
 net'icum, Magnetic oxide of iron, Mar'tint Ethiops.
   Oxydum  Ferricum  Crystallizatum Nati-
 vum,  Haematites—o. Hydrargyri completum, Hy-
 drargyri nitrico-oxydum—o. Hydrargyricum, Hy-
 drargyri nitrico-oxydum—o. Hydrargyricum prae-
 paratum,  Hydrargyri  oxydum cinereum—o. Hy-
 drargyrosum, Hydrargyri oxydum cinereum.
    Oxydum  Stibii Sulphura'tum, Hepar anti-
 mo'nii, Cro'cns met alio'rum seu antimo'nii,  (F.)
  Oxyde d'antimoine  sulfure, Foie  d'Antimoine.
 This was formerly exhibited in the cure of fevers,
 but it is now rarely employed.
    OXYDUM URICUM, Uric oxide.
  OXYACOIA, Hypcracusis.
  OXYG'ALA, from o£us, 'sour,' nnd yaXa, 'milk.'
Sour milk.  The Oxygala cqui'nuin,  Caracos'mos,
is reckoned amongst the delicacies of the Tartars.
  OXYG'ARON, from  oftij, ' acid,' and yapov,
'garum.'  A composition of  garum and vinegar.
  OX'YGEN, Oxygen'itiin, Empy'real, Pure,
 Vital or Dephlogis'ticated air,  Or.yg"eues, Ox'-
ycum, Princip'inm oxyifenans seu oxi/gcnet'icnm
seu acidifieans seu ac"idum, Elemen'tum ucidif-
ieum, (F.) Oxygene, Air du feu ; from o(uj, 'acid,'
and  ytvvato, '  I  engender,' that is,  generator  if
acids ; and such it was believed to be, exclusive/,/,
at the period  when  the name  was given to  it.
This  is now known not to be the  case.   Oxygen
is largely distributed in nature.   It exists in the
air, in water, in several acids, in  all the oxyds,
and  in vegetable  and  animal  substances,  Ac.
It is obtained by decomposing the peroxyd  of
manganese or the chlorate of potassa by heat in
close vessels.  Although oxygen,  in the state of
admixture in which it is found in the atmosphere,
is of  vital importance, it cannot be respired in a
pure state with impunity.  Animals die in it long
before the whole of the oxygen is consumed. Tho
properties of oxygen  seem  to be stimulant.  It
increases the force and velocity of the pulse, and
has, accordingly, been used in cases of chronic
debility, chlorosis, asthma, scrofula, dropsy, para-
lysis, Ac.  It requires to be  diluted with from 10
to 20 parts of atmospheric air; one to two quarts
being given during the day.
  OXYGENATION, Oxydation.
   OXYGENE, Oxygen.
   OXYGFtNESES.  A name given by Baumes
to diseases which he attributed to disordered oxy-
genation.
  OXYGEUSIA, Hypergeustia.
   OXYG'LICUS,  Oxyg'Uces, from ofu?, 'acid,'
and  yXvKvs, 'sweet;' Mu/sa  acida, Ace'tum mul-
sum  dulce.   Prepared by macerating and boiling
 honey-comb (from which the greater part of the
 honey has been  taken) in water, and adding vine-
 gar   An Oxymel.
   OXY-I1YDRO-CARBURETUM EX OLEO
 PYROXYLICO PARATUM, Creasote.
   OXYLAPATHUM,  Rumex acutus.
   OX'YMEL, Apom'eli,  Mel aceta'tum, (F.) Aci-
 tomel, fromofus, 'acid,' and ptXi, 'honey.' Honey
 and vinegar boiled to a syrupy consistence. (Mel.
 despumat.  tbv,  acid,  acetic. ,^vij,  aq.  destillat.
 f )| viij.  Add  the acid  to the water and mix them
 with the honey previously  heated.—Ph. L.)  It
 is cooling; — externally  detergent.
   Oxymel ^Eruginis,  Linimentum jEruginis.
   Oxymel Col'chici,  0. of meaelow saffron,  (F.)
 Oxymel colchiqui.  (Rod. colch. recent, in lanii-
 nas  tenues secta ^j, aceti destillati Ibj, mellis de-
 spumat. pond. Ibij.  Macerate  in a gentle heat
 for 48 hours.   Press and boil the liquor with  the
 honey to the thickness of a syrup ; stirring with
 a wooden spoon.  Ph.  D.)   It is expectorant and
 diuretic.  Dose, f SJj, in gruel.
   OXYMEL  COL CHIQUE, 0.  colchici —o. of
 Meadow saffron, 0. colchici.
   Oxymel SciLLiE, 0.of squills, 0. Scillicit'icum,
 Mel  scilla.  (Mellis despumat. Oiss, aceti scilla,
 Oij.   Boil in  a  glass vessel  over a gentle fire to a
 proper consistence.  Ph. U. S.)  It is  reputed to
 be expectorant and diuretic.  Dose, f£j to f3'j-
   Oxymel of Squill, 0. scillae.
   OXYMYRRHINE, Ruscus.
   OXYMYRSINE, Ruscus.
   OXYNGIUM, Adeps suillus.
   OXYNITRON, from o(w?, 'acid,' and vtrpov,
 'nitre.'  Name of a plaster, composed chiefly of
 vinegar and nitre, and recommended by Aetius.
   OXYNOSEMA, Acute disease. 
OXYNOSOS              669       PACHYDERMATOCELE
  OXYNOSOS, Acute disease.
  OXVNUSOS, Acute disease.
  OXYO'PIA, Galero'pia, Hyperop'sia, Suffu'sio
t.rrln'raus, At-ies vihii.ii,  from o(,vs, 'quick,'  and
o»Jr, ' sight.'   Excessive acuteness of the sense of
pight.   Instances have  occurred  where persons
i-nuld see the  stars in the day time.   The cause
i« seated in great sensibility of the retina.   The
term has been  used synonymously with nycta-
lopia.
  OXYOSPHRE'SIA, Oxyosphresia, from ofrs,
'acute,' and oaqrpnats, 'smell. Excessive acuteness
of the sense of smell.
  0 X Y P II L E G M A ' SI A, ofrtpXtypaata, (o£vs,
'acute.' and tpXtypaata,) Acu'ta et ve'hemens  in-
 flaminn'tio.   A violent inflammation.
  OXYPHfENICON, Taraarindus.
  OXYPHO'NIA,  Vox acu'ta ; from ol-vs, 'sharp,'
and tpwvn,  'voice;'  Parapho'nia clangens seu ul-
cero'sa, Clangor,  Vox  clango'sa,  Leptopho'nia.
A shrill  and  squalling voice, — frequently, a
Bymptom of morbid affection of the larynx.
  OXYPHYLLON, Oxalis acetosella.
  OXYPODIA. see Kyllosis.
  OXYPROTEIN, see Corium phlogisticum.
  OXYREG'MIA,   Ructus  ac"idus,   from  o&s,
'sour,' and tpevyta, 'I belch.'  Acid eructation.
  OXYRTA  RENIFORMTS, Rumex dig"y,,us,
Boreal sonrdock, Mountain Sorrel, Welsh sorrel.
A plant,  Orel. Polyganacea?, Sex. Syst. Diandria
Digynia, which grows in  the northern parts of
America and  Europe; blossoming in  the spring.
It possesses the  same properties as Oxalis aceto-
sella.
  OXYRRHODTNON,  Ace'tum  rosa'tum, from
ofus, 'acid,' and  poSov, 'a rose.'   A composition
of vinegar and roses.  (Ol. rosat. t^ij,  acet. rasat.
^j.) Used as  a liniment  in herpes  and erysipelas.
  OXYS,  Acid,  Acute — o. Al.ba, Oxalis aceto-
sella.
  OXYSAC'CHARUM,   from  o|u<, 'acid,'  and
aaK%apov, 'sugar.'  A mixture of sugar and vine-
gar.  It was called  Oxysac'charum vomiti'vum,
when it held  in  solution the glass of  antimony;
and Oxysac'charum scillit'icum, when it contained
squills.
  OXYSAL   DIAPIIORETTCUM  AN'GELI
SAL^E.  A preparation of Angelo Sala.  Ace-
tate  of potass exposed  to  the  atmosphere; and
consequently fallen into a  state of deliquium.—
Orfila.
  OXYTARTARUS, Potassae acetas.
  OXYTES,  Acidities.
  OXYTOCIA.   Same etymon as the next.  Ra-
pidity  of parturition.
  OXYTOCIC, Oxyt'ocus, from o^ys, 'quick,' and
tiktoi,  'I bring forth.'  A  medicine which  pro-
motes delivery.
  OXYTRTPHYLLON, Oxalis acetosella.
  OXYURE VERMICULAIRE, Ascaris  ver-
micularis.
  OXYURIS VERMICULARIS, Ascaris vermi-
cularis.
  OYSTER GREEN, Ulva latissima —o. Root,
Tragopogon — o.  Shells, Ostreae  testa? — o.  Pre-
pared.  Testa  praeparata.
  OZ^E'NA,  Coryza enton'ica seu piirulen'ta seu
ozano'sa sen ulcero'sa seu vintlen'ta seu malig'-
na, Pyarrhce'a nasa'lis, Entozce'na, Rhinitis ulce-
ro'sa,  Ulcus  na'riuni fastens, from  o£u), 'I  smell
of something.'  (F.) Ozene, Punaisie.  An  affec-
tion  of the pituitary membrane, which  gives oc-
casion  to a disagreeable odour similar to that of
a crushed bed-bug:  hence the name Punais, by
which  the French  designate one labouring under
ozaena.  It is, sometimes, owing to  caries of the
bones; but is, perhaps, most frequently depend-
ent  upon syphilitic ulceration of  the  pituitary
membrane, with or without caries  of the bones
of the nose.
  Oz^na Benigna, Coryza, chronic.
  OZE, Breath, offensive.
  OZEMUN, Albumen.
  OZENE, Ozrnna.
  OZONE:  same  etymon as Ozaena.   The pow-
erfully odorous matter produced when a current
of ordinary electricity passes from pointed bodies
into  the air.—Schonbein.  It is presumed to be
a peculiar modification of oxygen ;  and its vary-
ing  quantity in  the atmosphere is  supposed  to
affect the health of man.
  Air containing  ozone  is said to be oz'onized.
P.
See  Abbre-
  viation.
   P. A contraction of Pugillus.
   P. jE.  A  contraction of Partes
      aqnnles.
   P. P.  A  contraction  of Pulvis
      pntruni.                   J
   PAB'ULUM, Trophe, Phorbe, Alimen'tum, Nu-
 t'-imen'tum.   Food, aliment.   The animal heat
 and animal spirits—unmeaning terms—were for-
 merly considered  the Pabulum vita.
   PACAY. Prosopis dulcis.
   PACCHIO'NI,   GLANDS OF, Pacchin'nian
 Bodies, Glan'dula Dura Matris seu dura Menin'-
 gis, Tuber'culn pnrrn sen Cor'pora glandifor'mia
 dura matris, (F.) Glandes de Pncchioni. Granula-
 tions ciribrales.   Small,  whitish, or  yellowish
 bodies, sometimes separate, at others united like
 a bunch of grapes, which are observed  in several
 parts of tbe  dura  and  pia mater.  They receive
 vvssels, but apparently no nerves.  Their texture
and uses  are unknown.  A considerable  number
is  observed in the longitudinal sinus, covered by
the internal membrane.
  PACILE'MIA,  Pachya'mia,  Pncha'ma, Pa-
chya'ma,  frora -o^uf,  ' thick,' and 'aipa, ' blood.
Too great thickness of the blood.
  PACHEABLEPHARO'SIS,  Pacheableph'ara,
Pachifblcfrh'aron,  Pitch yblepharo'sis, Pa ell y tes,
from  rraxvs, 'thick,' and &\ttpapov.  'an eyelid.'
A name given, by some authors, to a thickening
of the eyelids, produced by tubercles or excres-
cences formed on their margins.  It is  the same
affection  as that which  Sauvages designates Ca-
li'go d Pacheablepharo'si.
  PACHETOS, see Laqueus.
  PACHULOSIS, Pachylosis.
  PACHY.EMIA, Pacha?mia.
  PACIIYBLEPHARON, Pacheablepharosis.
  PACHYCIIOL'IA.  from  raxvs,  'thick,' and
XoXri,  'bile.'  Morbid thickness of the bile.
  PACHYDERMATOCELE,  from naXvs,
'thick,' Stppn, St  paros, 'skin.' and  K-,\n. 'a tu-
mour.  A disease of the dermoid tissue, apparently
congenital, which increases from a small mole or 
PACHYLOSIS
670
PAINT
ppot. at times to the size and appearance of a re-
laxed and very emaciated mamma.—V. Mott.
  PAClIYLO'SIS./°(fc/Mf<V*/.i. from ra^uf,'thick.'
An  inordinate production of the epidermis depen-
dent upon hypertrophy of the papilla? of the skin.
—E. Wilson.
  PACHYNSIS, Polysarcia adiposa.
  PACHYNTTCA, Incrassantia.
  PACHVSMUS, Polysarcia adiposa.
  PAC11YTES. Pneheablepharosis.
  PACINIAN CORPUSCLES, see Corpuscles.
 ^PACKING,  OF  THE  HYDROPATIIISTS;
Einnillotnge.
  PACKVVAX, see Nucha.
  PAD, (S.) Pajado, from pnjn, 'straw' [?] ; Plu-
mace'olus,  Pulvilhis,  Pulvin'nlus, Parvnni pul-
rlnar ;—a cushion, a little cushion ; a junk ; (F.)
 Coussinet.   A small  bag,  filled  with  feathers,
wool,  hair, bran, chaff,  Ac.   It is used to com-
press or support parts.  In the treatment of cer-
tain fractures, soft pads or  cushions, called  by
the Freneh Retnplissuges, are placed  between the
splints and the fractured limb, in  order that the
prominent parts  may not be chafed by the splints.
   PADDIE, see Oryza.
   PADDY, see Oryza.
   PADNOON, Bit noben.
   PAD'UA, MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Near
 Padua,  in Italy, there  are  several thermal  sul-
 phureous springs, the  hottest of which  is ]S8°
 Fahr.  The chief establishments are Abano, Bat-
 taglia, and Montegrotto.
   PADUS, Prunus padus — p. Avium, Prunus
 padus—p. Lauro-cerasus, Prunus lauro-cerasus.
   P.EDAN'CHONE,  from nais, vaicns, 'a child,'
 and ayx^t, 'I  strangle;' Angina Sicca.  Name
 of  a fatal species of cynanche, mentioned by M.
 A. Severinus :  probably the  Cynnnche Trachealis,
 or  Ci/itnnche Maligna.
   P-EDARTHROCACE. Spina ventosa.
   P.F.DATROPH'IA,  Atrophia infantilis,  Ma-
 ras'mus laetan'tiinn, from trais, iratSos, 'a child,'
 a,  privative, and rpotpn,  'nourishment.'  Atrophy
 of children.  Tabes mesenterica.
   P^datropiiia Glandulosa, Scrofula.
   PiEDERASTIA,  Padogo'gium,  Padica'tio,
 Cina'dia, from itats,  muSos, ' a  boy,' and  epors,
 'love.'  The love of boys.  A disgraceful passion,
 common in ancient  times,  but  now unknown.
 These terms are likewise applied to the crime of
 sodomy.
   PiEDEROTA VIRGINICA,  Leptandra  vir-
 ginica.
   PJ-JDENCEPHAL IE, Hydrocephalus in-
 ternus.
   P^EDI'A, raioeia, Educa'tio infan'tum.   The
 bringing up  or  education — physical as well as
 moral — of children.
    P.EDIATRI'A, Padiat'rica. Padiat'rics, from
 itats, ttatSos, 'a child,' and tarpeta, 'medical man-
 agement.'  Treatment of the diseases of children.'
    P.EDICATIO, Pa?derastia.
    P7ED1CTERUS, Icterus infantum.
    P.E I) 0 B A R 0 M ACROMETER, Baromacro-
 nieter.
    P.EDOGOGTUM, Pmderastia.
    PEDOMETER, Baromacrometer.
    P^EDON'OSUS.  from mus,  vatoos, 'a child,'
 and voaos. 'disease.'  A disease of childhood.
    P.EDOPHLEBOTOMTA, from vnts, ratios, 'a
 child,' tpXexp, ' a vein,'  and roprj, ' incision.' Vena-
 sec'tio puero'ntm.  Bleeding performed on chil-
 dren.
    PJEDOT'RIBES, Min'ister  Gymnas'ta,  from
 rats,  -natlios, 'a  child,'and  Tpiftu], 'I train.'  In
 ancient gymnastics, the officer acquainted with
 nil the prescribed exercises,  and who  carried
 them  into effect, according to the direction ofthe
 superior.
   P^DOT'ROPIIY,  Padotropllia, (F.) Pith-
 trophic, from  nuts,  iratt>os, 'a child,' and Tpiujir,,
 'nourishment.'  The part of hygiene, which  con-
 cerns the nourishment-of children.
   P.EON. Physician.
   P.EO'NIA,  /'. officina'lis seu inns'cula seu ?ir-
 mnra'lis seu fern'inn seu loba'ta, Glyeis'ide,  Ha>-
 maga'rfum.  Pe'ony,  or  Pinny, male and female.
I (F.) Pivoiue,  Pi'onc, Herbe'Sainte-Rose.  From
i ijnioiv. ' the god of physic'  The  runt,  flowers,
 and seeds were long esteemed powerful medicines.
 They are feebly astringent, and Iimv  be-n  con-
 sidered to be narcotic and  antispg.sn jdi-  They
 have been   given,  particularly, in  i-jit'trittent*
 and  epilepsy,  but are not now u?ed.  f j . flowers
 are called Rosa benedic'ta, R. re'gi/.
   P.EONICE, Medicine.
   P.EONIOUS, Medical.
   P.EONTUS, Medical.
   PiEOSYNE, Medicine
   PAGAPOPLEXTA,  from rrayttv, 'to nail fast,'
 and  axo-rrXnk'ia, ' apoplexy.'  Apoplexy from cold.
   PACf'S, Peritonaeum.
   PAIDIA. Infancy.
   PA IT) I ON,  Infans.
   PAIGIL, Primula veris.
   PAIN,  (old  F.)  pniner,  'to  torment;'  Sax.
 pinan, ' to torture.'  Dolor, Algos,  Alge'mn, Al-
 ge'do, A/ge'sis,  O'l'i/ne,  Ache,  (Sc.)  Httelise,
 (Prov.) Crazy,  Work, (F.) Douleur.   A  disa-
 greeable sensation, which  scarcely admits of de-
 finition. It  is  generally symptomatic, and is
 called acute,  (F.) aigu'e, when very violent, as a
 twinge ; pungent, (F.) pongitirr, when it resem-
 bles that which would  be produced by a sharp
 instrument  run into the part: heavy, (F.) grtira-
 tr've, when  attended with a sensation of weight;
 tensive, when  the part seems distended: Inn'cina-
 ting, when  occurring  in  shoots:  luc"erating or
 tearing, when the part seems to be tearing: burn-
 ing, (F.) briilante, when resembling that produced
 by  a burn, Ac.
   Pain, Sun,  Hemicrania.
   PAIN, see  Triticum—p. & Coucon, Oxalis ace-
 tosella— p. de Madagascar, Jatropha manihot—
 p. de Pourcean, Cvclaraen.
   PAINS, AFTER, see P. labour.
   Pains,  Gnawing, Dolo'res roden'tes.  Pains
 resembling what might be produced by the gnaw-
 ing  of an animal.
   Pains,  Labour pains,  Throes, Throws, Partn-
 rien'tis dolo'res, Odin, Odis, Dolo'res ad par-turn,
  Torm'ina parturien'tium, (F.) Mai d'Enfunt,  Dmi-
 lenrs.   The uneasy sensations  that accompany
 labour, and  are owing to  uterine contraction.
 The pains that precede actual delivery, and are
 simply employed  in  dilating the  os uteri, are
 called grinding; those which extrude the child,
  forcing.  Those which take place in the  first
 days after  delivery, and are employed  in forcing
 away coagula, Ac, are termed After pains,  Do-
 lo'res seu Tormina post purlum, D.piterpera'riim,
 (F.) Tranehies utirines.
    "To take a pain." — "To try a  pain," — is to
 make an examination per vaginam,  during labour,
 to discover its progress, character,  Ac.
    The French term the pains, which precede and
 announce  labour, munches;  those  which accom-
 pany it, douleitrs :  nnd those which occur imme-
 diately afterwards, tranehies ou coliques.
    PAINT,  (from pint/ere, pinctnm,  'to paint,' (T.)
  pinto, (F.) peint;)  Pigiw-n'tiim, Fucus, (F.) Ford.
  A name given to different substances, employed
 for embellishing the complexion or rendering tho
 skin softer.  The substances most commonly used
 for this purpose are :—the Subnitrate of Bismuth,
 (F.) Blanc de  fard.   A  spirituous solution of
  benzoin, precipitated by water, and forming Vir-
 gin's milk, (F.) Lait virginal;  the red  or  rouye
\ 
PALAD                  671      PALATO-FIIARYXGIEN
 of the carthamus ;  Spanish white ; the oxides of
 lead, tin, and mercury, vermilion, red saunders,
 &c  All paints may he said to be noxious.  They
 injure the skin : obstruct perspiration : and, thus,
 frequently lay the foundation for cutaneous affec-
 tions.  See Cosmetic.
   Paint, Indian, Hydrastis Canadensis, Sangui-
 naria Canadensis — p. Yellow, Hydrastis Cana-
 densis.
   PALAD. Vertex.
   PAL.ESTRA, Gymnasium.
   PALAIS, Palate.
   PA LAME. Palm.
   PALATAL, Palatine.
   PALATE,  Pala'tnm,  Hypero'a,  Hypero'nm,
  Ui-itnis'cos, Roof of the mouth, Fossa.  Palatina,
  Pultitum stab'He, Hard Palate, (F.) Palais.   The
  lipper part of the cavity of the mouth ; a ksjnd of
  parabolic vault, formed by the two superior max-
  illary bones,  and the two palate  bones, covered
  with  a thick and  dense  mucous  membrane:
  bounded, before and at the sides, by the superior
  dental arch ;  and,  behind, by tbe velum palati.
  A whitish line  runs aiong the middle, from be-
  fore to behind ;  at the anterior extremity of which
  is a tubercle corresponding to the inferior orifice
  of the anterior palatine canal.  The arteries of
  the palate and corresponding gums proceed from
  the palatine, alveolar, infra-orbitar,  labial,  and
  buccal  branches.  The veins  follow a  similar
  course.   The nerves are given off  frora the pala-
  tine, facial,  infra-orbitar,  superior  dental,  and
  from the naso-palatine ganglion.
   Palate,  Artificial, (F.) Obturateur du  Pa-
  lais.  A  plate of tortoise-shell,  silver, Ac, used
  to close a deficiency of the palate.
   Palate Bone, Os  Pala'ti seu  bnsiia're, (F.)
  Os  Palntin ou du Palais, is a small bone, of an
 irregular shape, situate at  the posterior part of
 the nasal fossio and palate.  It seems formed  by
 the union of two bony plates joined at right an-
 gles to  each  other; so that  one is inferior  and
 horizontal; — the  other,  superior and  vertical.
 The horizontal  or  palatine  portion, Arch of the
 pnlnte, is quadrilateral.   Its upper surface forms
 part of the  nasal fossa?; the lower forms part of
 the  palatine arch, and contains the inferior orifice
 of the posterior palatine canal.  Its anterior edge
 is articulated with the palatine process  of  the
 superior  maxillary  bone;  the  posterior is free
 nnd  sharp.   It gives  attachment to the velum
 palati,  and presents  an eminence,  which, when
 joined with one on  the  opposite  side, forms  the
 posterior nasal  spine.   Its inner edge is articu-
 lated with the corresponding bone; its  outer is
 confounded with the vertical portion.   The ver-
 tical or ascending portion has the form of a long
 square.  The  inner surface  forms part of  the
 outer paries  of the nasal  fossae.   Its outer sur-
 face is unequal, and is articulated with the  supe-
 rior maxillary bone: behind, it presents a verti-
 cal  groove, which  forms  part  of the posterior
 palatine canal;  nnd, above, a small free  surface,
 which looks into the zygomatic fossa.  Its  ante-
 rior edge is united  with  the superior  maxillary
 bone; the posterior is  unequal, and rests on  the
 internal ala of the pterygoid process.   The angle,
 which it forms by uniting with the posterior edge
 of the horizontal portion, presents a very promi-
 nent pyramidal eminence, called tbe tuberosity of
 the palate bone.  Its upper margin is surmounted
 by two eminences :—the  one,  anterior, called  the
 t,rl,itar peaces* ; — the other  posterior, the sphe-
 nniil process.   These two processes are separated
 by an almost circular notch, which the sphenoid
 ''■me  forms  into a  foramen,  called the  spheno-
 palatine.
  This bone appears to be developed from a sin-
gle point of ossification.   It  is articulated with
  the sphenoid, ethmoid, the  cornua sphenoidalia,
  superior maxillary bone, the inferior spongy bone,
  the vomer, and its fellow.
    Palate. Cleft, see Harelip—p. Falling  down
  of the, Uvulitis — p. Fissured,  see Harelip — p.
  Hard, Palate—p. Soft, Velum pendulum palati.
    PAL'ATINE,  Palatal, Palati'uus,  Palatic,
  from palatum, 'the palate.'  Relating or bel ng-
  ing to the palate.
    Palatine  or Palatal Arteries  are two  in
  number.   They are  distinguished into,  1. The
  superior  palatal  or palatine, Palati'tm descen'-
  dens or Pil'ato-max'i/ltii-y, which leaves the in-
  ternal maxillary behind the top ofthe orbit; de-
  scends into  the  pterygo-tnnxillary fissure, and
  enters the posterior maxillary canal. Its branches
  are distributed to the velum  palati and the nasal
  fossa?.   2.  The inferior or ascending  palatine  or
  palatal,  which is very small, and separates from
  the facial near its origin.   It passes along the
  lateral and superior part of the pharynx, between
  the pillars of the velum palati, and divides into
  a number of  ramusculi, which  are  distributed  to
  the pharynx, the  corresponding tonsil, the Eus-
  tachian tube, and the velum  palati.
    Palatine  Canals or Ducts.   These are two
  in number.  The  anterior, Ductus incislvus seu
  Nasa'lo-palatlnus, Incisive  canal, is situate  at
  the anterior  part of the palatine arch, and  is
  formed by the two  superior maxillary bones.   It
  is single  beneath, but opens  above by two  aper-
  tures, one into each nasal fossa.  The foramen is
  called Fora'men incislvum seu Palatlnurn ante'-
  rius seu  Alveola're  ante'rius  seu cacum  ossis
  maxUla'ris superio'ris.  The posterior palatine
  canal is situate at the posterior part of the palate.
  It is formed by the palate and superior maxillary
  bones, ascends between these two bones, and, in
  its course, gives rise to  two or three small  acces-
  sory palatine  canals, which open above the  tuber-
  osity of the palate bone.  It transmits the nerves
  and vessels which bear its name.  The  foramen
  is  called, F.  Palati'nnm  poste'rius seu Palato-
  maxilla're sen alveola're poste'rius.
    Palatine Membrane is the fibro-mucous mem-
  brane that lines the palate or roof of  the mouth.
    Palatine or Palatal Nerves, Gutturo-pala-
  tins (Ch.), are three in  number: and arise from
  the inferior part of the spheno-palatine ganglion.
  1.  The great  palatine, Palatin  infirieur  (Ch.),
  is situate anteriorly to the two  others,  and de-
  scends  into the posterior palatine canal; gives a
  nasal, filament and a stupbyline filament, nnd  is
  distributed on the palate.  2. The middle pala-
  tine. Guttural (Ch.), which arises behind the pre-
  ceding, enters one of the accessory palatine ca-
  nals, and is distributed  to  the tonsils  and velum
  palati.  3.  The little  palatine nerve, situate still
  more backward than the last, which loses  itself
  by several filaments in the uvula, tonsils, and fol-
  licles of the palatine membrane.
    PALATITE, Isthmitis.
    PALATITIS, Uranisconitis.
    PALATO-GLOSSUS, Glossostaphylinus.
    PALATO-PIIARYNGEUS,PWyii>-«?aj»A?/-
  II nits. Staph if li'iio-pharyngeus, Thyro-pharyn'go-
i  staphyli'niis, part of the Ilijpero-phoryngeus, (F.)
  Palnto-pharyngien,  Stylo-pharyngien  (Ch.).  A
  membranous  muscle, broader at its middle  than
  at its  extremities, and  situate vertically in the
  lateral paries  of the pharynx and velum palati.
  It  includes the peristapbylo-pharyngeus,  pha-
  ryngo-staph vlinus,  and tbyro-staphylinus of
  Winslow.   When the  two  palato-pharyngei con-
  tract together, they depress  the velum.   They
  elevate and shorten the pharynx, and  act princi-
  pally in deglutition.
   PAL A TO-PHAR YNGIEN,  Palato-pharyn- 
PALATOSTAPHYLINI       672                PALMAR
 geus — p. Salpingeus, Circumflexus—p. Salpin-
 gien, Circumflexus.
   PALATOSTAPHYLINI, see Azvsros muscle.
   PALATUM  FISSUM,  Hyperoochasma,  see
 Harelip—p. Mobile, Velum  pendulum palati—p.
 Molle,  Velum pendulum  palati — p.  Pendulum,
 Velum pendulum palati.
   PALE, Pollen.
   PALENESS, Pallor,  Och'rotes,  Ochro'ma,
 Ochri'asis,  Leuco'sis,  Dealba'tio,  Luror,  (F.)
 Pdleur.  Whiteness of complexion.   It appears
 to be owing to a diminution or alteration of the
 blood circulating in the capillary vessels, and is
 often a sign of disease.
   PALES COULEURS, Chlorosis.
   PALETTE (¥.), Pal'inula, Fer'ula.  An in-
 strument of percussion.   It has  the  shape of a
 spatula with a long handle ; is made of very light,
 white wood, and has been proposed, by Mr. Percy,
 for what is called the Massage, a kind  of pressure
 or kneading, exerted  by the hand  on the body
 and limbs, to excite the tone of the skin and sub-
 jacent  tissues.
   Palette also means a cup for bleeding; and the
 xiphoid cartilage  [?].
   PALETTE A PANSEMENT. A small splint
 of thin, scooped wood, having the shape of the
 hand, and  used  to support  the hand in certain
 cases—when burnt, for example—in order to pre-
 vent the fingers from being deformed by the cica-
 trices.
   PALETTE DE CABANIS.  An instrument,
 invented  by Cabanis  of Geneva to draw out  the
 extremity of-the stylet when passed into the nose,
 in the  operation for  fistula lacrymalis.   It is
 composed of two plates  of silver, pierced with
 several holes, and movable on each other.   To
 use  it,  the  instrument must be carried  into  the
 nose, so that the  holes of the two plates corres-
 pond.   When the end  of the  stylet is  received
 into one of these  holes, it is pinched, by sliding
 one  of the plates on the other, and is easily with-
 drawn.
   PALEUR, Paleness.
   PALI PLAGUE, see Plague.
   PALICOU'REA  CROC'EA,  Psycho'tria
 croc"ea, Order,  Cinchonacea?, a  native of the
 West Indies, is possessed, according to Von Mar-
 tius, of emetic properties.
   Palicourea Marcgraa'vii, Ervn do rata, Gal-
 va'nia  Vellozii,  a native of Brazil, is  poisonous,
 and employed there to kill rats and mice.
   Palicourea Officina'lis, a. native of Brazil,
 is reputed  to be  a powerful diuretic  in small
 doses.
   Palicourea Specio'sa, Goldshmb, a native of
 New Granada and Brazil.  The leaves are consi-
 dered to be antisyphilitic.   The decoction in large
 doses is poisonous.
   PALILLO, Campomanesia lineatifolia.
   PALIMPISSA, see Pinus sylvestris.
   PALINCOTESIS, Recrudescentia.
   PALINDROME, Palindromic
   PALINDROMTA,  PaUn'drome.  from  xaXtv,
 'again,' and ipopos, 'a course.'  This word signi-
 fies,  with  some, a reflux of fluids from the exte-
 rior towards the interior; and, according to others,
 the relapse of an affection—the recurrence—Re-
 cnr'sio,  Repetil'io—of a paroxysm, or disease,—
 Morbus  recidivus, Morbi recur'sus.
   PALINGENESIS, Regeneration.
   PALLA, Pila.
   PALLAT, Vertex.
   PALLIATION, Pallia'tio, from palllare, pal-
liatitm, 'to cover, mask ;' from pnllimn,  'a man-
tle.'   The act of palliating — that is. of causing
the symptoms of a disease  to mitigate, without
 curing it.   The medical nrt can frequently only
 moderate  the  symptoms of a disease, prevent it
 from  making  progress,  prolong tbe  days of  the
 patient, and  diminish  his  sufferings.   This  is
 pullintive treatment, (F.) Traitemcnt pnlh'utif.
   PAL'LIATIVE, Pah'iatlvus, Antipath'icJ-iuan-
 tiopath'ic, (F.) Palliatif.  A remedy or mode of
 treatment, which  only relieves a disease, without
 curing it.   The palliative treatment—Cura put-
 liaii'va, is placed in antithesis to  the  radical,
 Cura  radica'lis ;  see Radical.
   PALLIDULUS, Blafard.
   PALLIDUS MORBUS, Chlorosis.
   PALLOR, Paleness — p. Virginum, Chlorosis.
   PALM, Palma, itaXapt), Vol a, V. manus, Plate'n,
 Thenar, Ages, Agos'tns, Poc'ulum, Pat'em, Su-
 pellex seu Supellec'tile Diog"enis, (F.) Paunie
 ou Creux de la main.   The hollow or inside  of
 the  hand.   It is  limited, without, by the thenar
 eminence,  which answers to the thumb; within,
 by the hypothenar eminence, which  answers  to
 tbe  little finger;  abore, by the  wrist-joint; and,
 below, by the four fingers.
   Palm, Gomiito, see Toddy.
   PALMA  CHRISTI,  Ricinus communis —p.
 Cocos, Cocos nucifera—p. Dactylifera, Date tree
 —p. Humilis, Musa paradisiaca—p. Indiea vina-
 ria secunda, see Toddy—p. Unguentariorum, My-
 robalanus.
   PALMM  U'TERI PLICATE,  Arbor vita
 uteri'nus, A. u'teri viv'ificans.   The arborescent
 stria? in the interior of the cervix uteri.
   PALMAIRE, Palmar— p. Cntani,  Palmaris
 brevis—p.  Grand, Palmaris magnus—p. Grite,
 Palmaris longus—p. Long, Palmaris longus.
   PALMAR, Palma'ris, (F.)  Palmaire, from
 palma, 'the  palm of the  hand.'  That which
 concerns the palm of the hand.   The  palm has,
 sometimes, been divided into three regions, called
 palmar.   1. The external palmar region corres-
 ponds  to the thenar eminence.  2. The internal
 palmar region  is formed  by the  hypothennr emi-
 nence : and, 3. The middle palmar region is the
 hollow of the hand, (F.) Creux de la main.
   Palmar  Aponeuro'sis, Palmar fas'cia.  A
 strong triangular aponeurosis, which arises from
 the inferior tendon of the palmaris brevis, and
 the anterior annular ligament of the carpus.  It
 covers the whole palm of the hand, and adheres,
 somewhat strongly, to the skin of the part.  The
 palmar  ligaments  are  small,  very  numerous,
 fibrous fascia?, which unite the different bones of
 the carpus and metacarpus.
   Palmar Arches, (F.)  Arcades ou Crosses pal-
 ma ires. The curved extremities of the radial and
 cubital arteries in the palm of the hand.  There
 are two palmar arches : — the one, cubitnl or *»-
 perficial,—grande Arcade palmaire of Chaussier,
 furnishes, at its convexity towards the  fingers,
 the collateral arteries of  the fingers, and the in-
 ternal  collateral of the  thumb;  the  other, the
 radial, profound, or deep-seated,—petite Arcade
palmaire of Chaussier, is  deep in  the palm ofthe
 hand beneath the tendons of the flexor muscles
 of the fingers.  It gives some  small branches
 only to the surrounding parts. The palmar veins
accompany the corresponding arteries.
   Palmar  Arteries,  see   Palmar arches — p.
 Fascia, P. aponeurosis.
   Palmar  Muscles.  These are three in num-
ber.  1. Pulma'ris Magnus, Flexor carpi rndia'lii,
 Radia'lis  intern'us, (F.) Epitrochlo-mitacnrpien
 (Ch.), Palmaire grand, Radial antirieur.  A long
fusiform muscle, which passes obliquely from tbe
inner tuberosity of the humerus  to the upper ex-
 tremity of the second metacarpal bone. It bends
the hand. 2. Palmaris longus, Latescen'tis chorda,
 Ulna'ris  grac"ilis, (F.)  iZpitrochlo - carpi -pal- 
PALMARIS  BREVIS          673     PAMPINIFORM PLEXUS
maire (Ch.), Palmaire long, P. grele. This muscle  I
in situate on the inner side of the last.  It is very
(lender, and passes  from the inner tuberosity of
the humerus to the  anterior annular ligament of
the cnrpus, and to the palmar aponeurosis, which
it seems to form by the vanishing of its fibres. It
stretches tbe palmar aponeurosis, and bends the
hand.  3. Palmaris Brevis, Caro quadra'ta, Cnr-
pia'us,  (F.)  Palmaire  cittane.  A small,  thin,
quadrilateral muscle;  situate before  the  thenar
eminence.   It passes from the annular ligament
of the carpus to the integuments of the palm of
the hand, which it wrinkles by its contraction.
   Palmar Veins, see Palmar arches.
   PALMARIS BREVIS, see Palmar muscles —
 p. Longus, see Palmar muscles — p. Magnus, see
 Palmar muscles.
   PALMETTO, SAW,  Chamaerops serratula.
   PALMI-PHALAXGIENS, Luinbricales ma-
 nus.
   PALMISTRY, Chiromancy.
   PALMOSCOP'IA, from  iraXuos, 'palpitation,'
 and aKoneor, ' I view.'  Investigation of the beat-
 ing of the heart and pulse.  Prognosis from the
 beating of the heart and pulse.
   PALM ULA,  Date, Palette.
   PALMUS, Palpitation—p.  Cordis, Palpitation
 — p.  Plumbarius,  Colic, metallic — p. Vomitus,
 Vomiting.
    PALO DE CALENTURAS, Calenturns—p. de
 Vacca, Galactodendron  utile — p. de Velas, Par-
 mentiera cerifera.
    PALOMMIER, Gaultheria.
    PALOS DE CALENTURA. Cinchona.
    PALPATION, from palpnre, palpatnm, (F.)
 palper, 'to feel.'  The sense of touch.  It is also
 used for the mode of exploring diseases by feeling
  or pressing upon the diseased organ.  A delicate
  and discriminating touch — tactus erndi'ttts — is
  important in the diagnoses of many  morbid con-
  ditions.
    PAL'PEBRA, supposed  to be  from pnlpitare,
  'to palpitate,' owing to  its frequent motion. [?]
  Bleph'nron, Oper'culiim seu Cooper'ailnm  oc'uli,
  Eyelid, (Prov.) Eye-breek, (Sc.) Ee-winker, (F.)
  Puupiere.   The eyelids are  two  movable  vela,
  situate in front  of the  eye; which by their sepa-
  ration permit the organ to receive the impression
  of light, or by their greater or less occlusion pro-
  tect it from the  influence of too great light, or
  from the action of extraneous bodies.  They are
  separated, above, from the forehead, by the eye-
  brows;  and, below,  are confounded with the
  cheeks.  They are distinguished into upper, Pal-
 pebra major seu superior, Epicir'lis — and lower,
  Palpebra minor  seu inferior, Hypneie'/is, Hypo-
  ca'lum, Hypoc'ylum. The former is much broader
  and more  movable than the latter.  They are
  separated by a transverse cleft — Fissu'ra fialpe-
  bra'rum—and their edges are thick, and furnished
  with the cilia or  eyelashes.  Supported  by the
  tarsal cartilages, they unite at the extremities of
  the transverse diameter of the orbit,  forming two
  angles, the innermost  being  called the  greater
  tingle of the eye, or inner or greater canthus ; the
  other, the lesser, or external  angle  or canthus.
  They are formed,  1. Of a thin dermoid texture :
  2. Of a muscular membrane, — a portion   ofthe
  orbicularis: 3. Of a particular fibrous membrane:
  i. Of the tarsi:  5.  Of  a mucous  membrane, — a
  part of the tunica conjunctiva.
    Their vessels and nerves are called Palpebral.
    Palpkbra Inferior Extrorsum  Flex a, Ec-
 tropion—p. Tertia, Valvula. semilunaris.
    PALPEBR.E  SUPERIORIS  PRIMUS, Le-
 vator palpebral superioris.
    PAL'PEBRAL,  Palpebra'h's,  from palpebra,
 'the eyelid.' That which belongs or relates to
 the eyelid.
        43
  Palpebral Arteries  are  those distributed to
the eyelids.   They are two in number;  an upper
and a lower.   The former  arises from  the  oph-
thalmic, a little beyond  the  cartilaginous pulley
of the  greater  oblique muscle, and descends to-
wards the upper  eyelid,  over which  it  is distri-
buted.   The  latter  arises at the side of, and  a
little behind, the preceding, and sends  its rami-
fications to the lower eyelid and the neighbouring
parts.  The palpebral veins  have a  similar ar-
rangement; except  that some of them  open into
the temporal and labial veins.
   Palpebral  Flux,  Puriform.   A  puriforra
discharge, furnished by  the  glands of  Meibomi-
us, when  inflamed; and to  which  Scarpa  attri-
butes fistula lacrymalis,  in many cases.
   Palpebral  Ligaments  are  distinguished into
superior and  inferior.  Some anatomists, with
Winslow, have described,  under this name, the
fibrous layer which is  attached, — on  the one
hand,  to the outer  part  of the circumference of
the orbit; on the other,  to the  tarsal cartilages.
   Palpebral  Nerves, Nen-es of the  eyelids,
arise, particularly,  from  the  frontal and lachry-
mal branches; from  the  ophthalmic  nerve  of
Willis; and  from the facial,  nasal, and infra-or-
bitar branch of the superior  maxillary nerve.
   PALPEBRALIS, Orbicularis palpebrarum.
   PALPEBRARUM  APERIENS   RECTUS,
Levator  palpebra?  superioris — p. Duo  musculi,
Orbiculares palpebrarum.
   PALPEBRATIO, Nictation.
   PALPITATIO,  Palpitation —p. Arteriarum,
see Palpitation — p.  Cordis trepidans,  Cardio-
tromus.
   Palpitatio  Membro'rum.  A  term  used  by
Gaubius for involuntary shaking of the legs.
   PALPITATION. Pnlpita'tio, Palmus, P. seu
 Tremor  Cordis, Palpita'tio seu Pnlsn'tio Cordis,
 Vibra'tio Cardi'aca seu  Cordis, Cardingmits, Car-
diopal'mus,  Siibsultio, Clonus Palpita'tio,  (Sc.)
Dunt, Doitnt, (F.) Palpitation, P. du Coeur, from
pnlpitare, palpitatum, ' to throb.'  A name  given
to the pulsations of the  heart,  when they become
stronger, more extensive, or more sensible to the
individual than ordinarily.   Palpitations occur in
a  number  of  affections.  They are, sometimes,
owing to organic diseases of the heart—hypertro-
phy, inflammation, Ac; at  others, to a disease
in some  other viscus;  whilst, frequently, they
are merely  nervous.
   Palpitation is  sometimes felt in the arteries,
constituting Palpitatio Arterio'sa.
   PALPITATION DU CCEUR, Palpitation.
   PALSIED,  Paralytic.
   PALSY,  Paralysis—p. Bell's, Paralysis,  Bell's
 — p. Histrionic, Paralysis, Bell's.
   Palsy, Lead, Paralysis saturni'na seu metal
 lica, Motyhclopa'resis, (F.)  Paralysie  saturnine,
 Metallic Palsy, Painters' Palsy.  The paralysis
of the upper extremities especially,  induced by
the poison of lead.  Palsy of the intestines, thus
induced,  is  called, by Piorry,  Anentironervie,
saturnine.
   Palsy, Metallic, see Palsy, lead — p. Paint
ers', P. lead—p. Shaking, Paralysis agitans — p.
 Trembling. Paralysis agitans.
   Palsy Wort, Primula veris.
   PALTA. Persea  gatissima.
   PALUDAL, Elodes.
   PALUDAPIUM, Apium graveolens.
   PALUDKEN, Elodes.
   PALUDOSUS, Elodes.
   PALUS, Marsh. Penis—p. Sanctus, Guaiacum.
   PALUSTRE, Elodes.
   PAMBIOMA. Panbioma.
   PAMOISON. Svncope.
   PAMPINIFORM PLEXUS, Corpus pampini-
 forme. 
PAMPINIFORME  CORPUS     674
PANDEMIC
  PAMPINIFORME CORPUS, see Corpus pam-
piniforme.
  PAMPLE'GIA,  Panplegia,  from  irav,  'all,'
and  xXvyor, T strike.'  General paralysis.  Palsy
of the whole body.
  PANACE'A^ayaicfia, Cathol'icofi, Cathol'icmn,
from ttav, 'all,' and axtopai, 'I cure.'  Uniiersa'le
reme'dium, Panchres'tos.   A  pretended universal
remedy.  There is no such thing in existence.
  Panacea Ducis Holsati^e, Potassa? sulphas
— p. Duplicata, Potassae sulphas — p. Lapsorum,
Arnica  montana — p.  Mercurialis, Hydrargyri
submurias — p.  Mercurii  rubri,  Hydrargyri  ni-
trico-oxidum — p. Pectoris, Glechoma hederacea
—p. Vegetabilis, Crocus.
  PAX A CEE ANGLAISE, Magnesiae carbonas.
  PANA'DA, diminutive  of Ital. pane, 'bread,'
(Lat. panis,) Pana'ta, Panatella.  Bread, boiled
in water to the consistence  of pap.  Sometimes
administered to the sick.
  Simple Bread  Panada may be made by put-
ting  any quantity  of grated stale  bread into
enough  water to form a moderately thick pulp;
covering it  up, and  leaving  it to soak  for an
hour; then beating it up with two tablespoonfuls
of milk, and a small portion of refined sugar, and
boiling the whole for ten minutes, stirring all  the
time.
  PANAIS, Pastinaca sativa.
  PANARIS,  Paronychia.
   PANARITIUM, Paronychia.
  PANARIUM, Paronychia.
   PANATA, Panada.
   PANATELLA, Panada.
   PANAX, see Panax quinquefolium — p. Costi-
nura,  Pastinaca opoponax—p. Heracleum, Pasti-
naca  opoponax — p.  Pastinacea, Pastinaca opo-
ponax.
   Panax Quinquefo'lium, Aurelia'na seu Ara'-
 lia  Canaden'sis, Ginseng,  Ninsing, Gensang, Red-
 berry, Five fingers.  Same etymon as  Panacea.
 Family, Araliacea?.  Sex. Syst.  Polyandria Mo-
ncecia.  This  plant  grows  in  North  America.
 The root—Panax (Ph. U. S.)—Radix ginseng—is
 about the thickness of the little  finger; an inch
 or two in length, often dividing into two branches;
 of  a whitish-yellow colour;  wrinkled on the sur-
 face,  and  of a compact, almost horny, texture.
 It has no smell, but a very sweet taste, combined
 with  a  slight degree  of aromatic bitterness.   It
 is  much esteemed by the  Chinese, who pay a
 high  price  for  it.  It is  a gentle  and agreeable
 stimulant.
   Panax  Schinseng, Asiat'ic Ginseng, a native
 of Asia, has  been usually confounded with  the
 last.  The root, raelix ninsi, has like virtues.
   PANBIO'MA, Pambio'ma, from ttav,  'all,'  and
 jlios,  ' life.'  The  original animating  principle.
 The general principle of life.
   PANCHRESTOS, Panacea.
   PANCHYMAGO'GUM, Pantago'gon, from  nav,
 'all,' xvpo-Si 'ju'ce/ and aytn, ' I drive away.'  A
 medicine which the ancients believed capable of
 purging away all sorts of humours.
   Panchymagogum  Minerale,  Hydrargyri sub-
 murias.
   PANCCENOSUS, Pandemic.
   PANCCENUS (MORBUS),  Pandemic.
   PANCRATIUM, Pancreas.
   PA'N'CREAS, from rrav, 'all,' and Kpeas,  'flesh;'
 i. e.  'quite fleshy.'    Cullic'reas,  Prtncra'tium,
 Pait'creum,  Lactes, Pulvi'nnr ventriculi, Totnm
 cnrno'sum,  Gland'nla saliva'lis abdom'inis, Pan-
 cre'ni, Sweetbread.  A  gland,  deeply seated in
 the abdomen, and lying transversely on the ver-
 tebral column,  between the three curvatures of
 the duodenum, behind the  stomach,  and to  the
 right of the spleen.  Its  left extremity is  called
 tbo tail of  the  pancreas;  it <is smaller than  the
right, which is called the head.  At its right por-
tion, it has, almost always, a greater or less pro-
longation;  called, bv Winslow, and some others,
the lesser pancreas, (¥.) Petit pancreas, Puncnas
of Aselli, Pancreas minus.   The pancreas resem-
bles the salivary glands  in structure, nnd  has
been called the Abdominal Salivary Gland.  It is
composed of lobes and granulated lobules, dis-
tinct, and united by areolar tissue.  From  each
of the granulations of these lobes arise the radi-
cles of its excretory duct, which are very delicate,
and united  like veins.  The duct itself,  Ductus
Pancreat'icus  seu   Wirsuiigia'nus,  Pant-rent1ic
duct, Canal or Duct of Wirsung or  Wirsungs, (Y.)
Canal paucriatiqne,  proceeds in a serpentine
course through the substance of the  organ; and
when it has reached behind the second portion
of the duodenum, it  becomes free, and is of the
size of a crow's quill.  It opens at an acute angle
into the choledoch duct, or  proceeds close to  it,
opening  separately  into  the   duodenum.   Tho
Pancreatic arteries are very numerous aud small.
They proceed from the coeliac, splenic, superior
mesenteric, right gastro-epiploic, coronaria ven-
triculi, and left capsular.   Its veins open  into
the radicles of  the vena porta ; and, particularly,
into the splenic and lesser mesenteric.  Its nerves
emanate from the solar plexus, and its lympha-
tics pass  into ganglions,  to which  it gives  its
name.  The pancreas secretes the Pancreatic
juice, Succns seu Liquor  Pancreat'icus, Lympha
Pancrea'tis,  (F.)  Sue  pancriatiqne, which  re-
sembles the  saliva.   When this juice is mixed
with  amylaceous matters,  it converts them into
dextrin and glucose.   Its great  use appears, how-
ever,  to be, to emulsify fatty matters by virtue of
a  peculiar albuminoid  principle — pnncrentin —
coagulable by heat or alcohol,which  it contains.
   Pancreas of  Aselli,  see Pancreas — p. Mi-
nus, see Pancreas—p. Petit,  see  Pancreas — p.
Second, Brunner's glands.
   PANCREATALGIA,  from pancreas,  and
aXyos, ' pain.'  Pain  or disease  of the pancreas.
   PANCREATEMPHRAXTS, from  pancreas,
and eptppaaato,  ' I obstruct.'  Obstruction of the
pancreas.
   PANCREATTC, Pancreat'icus, (F.) Pancria-
tiqne.  Same etymon as Pancreas.  Relating to
or affecting the pancreas.
   Pancreatic Arteries, see Pancreas—p. Duct,
see Pancreas—p. Juice, see Pancreas—p. Nerves,
see Pancreas — p. Veins, see Pancreas.
   Pancreat'ic Sarco'ma of  Ab'ernetiiy, Em-
 phy'ma sarco'ma pancreat'icum.  A tumour, in
irregular masses, connected by loose fibrous sub-
stance, like the irregular masses of the pancreas.
Found in the areolar  substance: but, more usu-
ally, in lymphatic glands,  chiefly in the female
breast.
   PANCREATIN, see Pancreas.
   PANCREATITIS,  Infiamma'tio pancrea'tis,
 (F.)  Infiammation du Pancrias, from pancreas,
and ?'r?"8,  denoting inflammation.  Inflammation
 of the pancreas;—an affection, the phenomena
 of which are not well known.
   PAN'CREATOID, from pancreas,  and  ttios,
 'appearance.'   Panereato'ides.   A tumour  re-
 sembling the pancreas in structure.
   PANCREATON'CUS,  from  pancreas,  and
 oyKos, 'a swelling.'  Tumour of the  pancreas.
   PANCRENE. Pancreas.
   PANCREUM. Pancreas.
   PANDA'LEA. Panda'leum.  A kind of lozenge
used bv the Arabian physicians.
   PANDALEUM, Pandalea.
   PANDALITTUM, Paronychia.
   PANDEMIA, Pandemic.
   PANDEMTC, Pan'demy, Pande'mia, Morbus
Pande'mius  seu Panele'mus seu Pancoe'iiut, Pan- 
PAN D EMI E
675
PAPAVER
ctrno'ftts, (F.) Pandimie;  from rtav, 'all,'  and
Oiipas,  'people.'   An epidemic which  attacks the
whole, or a^ great part, of the populatien.
  PAX 1> EM IE, Pandemic.
  PANDKMY, Pandemic.
  PANUICULA'TION, Pandicula'tio, Scordine'-
vvt, Scordinis'mus,  Clonus  Pandicula'tio, from
 nandiculari,  (puinlere,  'to stretch   out,')  'to
stretch as one awaking from sleep.'  Stretching,
Hal'ices, (pi.)  An action, which consists in  ele-
vating the  upper limbs, and throwing the head
and trunk backwards, at the same time that the
lower  limbs are extended.  This series of motions
of the extensor muscles is  in some measure in-
dependent of the will, and is  accompanied  with
yawning, which is equally involuntary.  In the
state of health, stretching occurs before and after
sleep; especially  when  we are fatigued.  It  is
also observed at the onset  of certain paroxysms
 of fever, hysteria, Ac.
   PANDOCE'UM,  Pandochi'um,  Pandoci'um,
 from Tray, ' all,' and iexopat,  ' to receive.'  An inn
 that receives  all  classes.  A general  hospital, or
 one that admits all cases.
   PANDOCHIIIM, Pandoceum.
   PAXDOCTUM, Pandoceum.
   PANHIDROSIS, from nav, 'all,' and 'tSporais,
 'sweating.'   Sudor  universa'lis.  Sweating  over
 the whole body.
   PANHYPEREMIA, Plethora.
   PANIC  D'lTALIE, Panicum Italicum.
   PANICAUT, Eryngium campestre—p. Mari-
 time.  Eryngium maritimum.
   PANIC GRASS, ITALIAN, Panicum Italicum.
   PANICUM DACTYLON, Cynodon dactylon.
   Pan'icum Ital'icum, from pain's,'' bread,' Ital-
 ian Panic  Grass,  Indian  Millet,  Guinea  Corn,
 Barba'does Millet, Milium In'dicum,  Sorghum,
 Unions  Sorghum, (F.)  Millet des oiseaux ou  d
grnppes, Pttnic d'ltalie.  Nat. Ord.   Graminea?.
 The seed—Milii Sem'ina—are much esteemed in
 Italy, being a constant ingredient in soups,  and
 made  into a variety of forms for the table.
   Panicum  Milia'ceum, P. milium, Common Mil-
 let, Milium, M.  Pan'icum seu Esculent'um,  Cen-
 ehron, Cenchrus, (F.) Millot  ordinaire, Mil.  Mil-
 let-seed are esteemed a nutritious article of diet,
 and are often  made into puddings.
   Panicum  Milium, P. miliaceum.
   PANES CANICACEUS, see Canica?—p. Ciba-
rius seu secundarius,  Syncoraistos — p. Cuculi,
 Oxalis acetosella—p. Porcinus, Cyclamen.
   PANIV'OROUS,  Paniv'orus, from panis,
'bread,' and  voro,  'I  devour.'  Subsisting on
bread.
   PANNI,  Swathing clothes.
   PANXICLE.  Membrane.
   PANNICULE  CHARNU,  Panniculus  car-
nosus.
   PANNICULUS,  diminutive of pannus, cloth.
A piece of fine cloth.  Pterygion.
   Panniculus Adiposus. Cellular membrane.
   Panniculus Carno'sus. Tu'nica carno'sa, Mus-
cular  Web,  Mantle, (F.)  Pannicule charnue, is  a
general  covering  found  in  the  quadruped,  and
formed  by  a  thin, subcutaneous muscle, which
serves to move  the skin.  It exists only in cer-
tain parts of  the  human body, — as  in the fore-
bead, where it is formed by the occipito-frontalis ;
in the neck, by the platysma myoides; and, in
the scrotum, by the  cremaster muscle.
  Panniculus Cordis. Pericardium — p. Hyrae-
naois.  Hymen—p. Virginalis, Hymen.
  PA NX IK ELL,  Cranium.
  PAXXUS.  A piece of cloth.  This word  has
several other meanings, many of which are equi-
vncnl.   Tt means  a  tent for a wound, nnd, also,
an irregular naevus or  mark on the skin. — Cas-
telli.   Modern  ophthalmologists  apply it to an
  opake  and vascular  condition  of the anterior
  membrane of the cornea, almost invariably pro-
  duced by the continuance of purulent or strumous
  ophthalmia,  or* by chronic inflammation  of the
  cornea.   This  part  becomes  nebulous, covered
  with red vessels, and opake.   At times, the scle-
  rotic conjunctiva undergoes a similar change to
  that which occurs in  the corneal portion.
    Pannus Hepaticus, Chloasma—p. Lenticula-
  ris,  Ephelides.
    PANOCHIA, Bubo.
    PAXOPHO'BIA,  Pantophobia,  Panpho'bia,
  Pavopho'bia, Athym'ia, Pitror, (F.) Frayeur noc-
  turne, Souci; from Uav, ' the  god Pan,' and tpofios,
  'fear ;' a panic or fear inspired by the  god Pan,
  according to the  opinion of the ancients.  Others
  derive  it, and  with more probability, from irav,
  'all,'  and  tpofios,  'fear.'   This  universal  and
  groundless fear is morbid, and is a symptom of
  melancholy.
    PANOPHTHALMITIS, frora  irav, 'all,' and
  ophthalmitis, 'inflammation ofthe eye.'  Inflam-
  mation of the whole  eye.
    PANPHOBIA, Panophobia.
    PANPLEGIA, Paraplegia.
    PANSCLERO'SIS. from itav,  'all,' and  okX?-
  purats, "hardness.' Complete induration of a part.
    PANSE, Ingluvies.
    P ANSE ME NT, Dressing.
    PANSIES. Viola tricolor.
    PANSPER'MIA, from  iran, 'all,'  and ontppa,
  'sperm.'  Tbe theory of Dissemination of Germs,
  according to which, ova or germs are disseminated
  over all space,  undergoing  development  under
  favourable circumstances.
    PANSY, Viola tricolor.
    PANTAGOGON, Panchymagogum.
    PANTANANCEPHA'LIA,  from itav, navros,
  'all,' and anencepha'lia, absence of brain.   En-
  tire  absence of brain—the same as anencephalia.
  —I. G. St. Hilaire.
    PANTATROPHIA, from™?, rravros,' all,' and
  arptnpta, ' atrophy.'  Universal atrophy.
    PANTIIOD'IC, Panthod'icus, frora tuv. hiivtos,
  'all,' and 'o&os, 'a way.'   An  epithet applied by
  Dr.  Marshall Hall, to a course of nervous  action
  proceeding from  one point in all  directions  to
  every other.
    PANTICES, Intestine.
    PANTING, Anhelatio.
    PANTOGANGLIITIS,  Cholera.
    PANTOPHAGISTS, see Omnivorous.
    PANTOPHAGUS, Omnivorous.
    PANTOPHOBIA,  Hydrophobia, Panophobia.
    PANTOZOOTIA, Panzootia.
    PANUS, Phygethlon—p.  Faucium, Stomato-
  panus  -p. Inguinalis, Bubo.
    PANZOOT'IA, Pantozootia; from nav,  'all,'
  and  £u>or. 'animal.'   An  endemic  or  epidemic
  disease affecting animals generally.
    PAP, Mamma, Nipple.   Also, a soft food  made
  of bread boiled  or  softened  with  water,  (Sc.)
  Breadberry.
    Pap  of the Hose, Uvula—p. of the Throat,
  Uvula.
    PAPAS AMERICANUS, Solanum tuberosum.
    PA PA'VER,  P. somnif'ernm,  Meant, Lethe'a.
  The  White Poppy, Papaver sati'vum, (F.)  Pavot
  des Jardins.  Ord. Papaveracea?.  Sex.  Syst. Po-
  lyandria  Monogynia.  The  Capsule   of  the
  White Poppy, Co'dia, kotciu or KorStia, Sea'phiau,
  Papav'eris  Caput sen  Cnp'snla, Papaver,  (Ph.
  U. S.,) Mecon, Pappyhead, is used in fomentation
  as an anodyne nnd relaxant, to inflamed or ulce-
  rated parts.  The expressed  oil  of tbe seeds is
  called by the French Unite d'tEil/ette.  Itis from
  the poppy that Opium—called, also.  Opium  The-
  bn'icum, Meco'nitim,  Opion,  Manus Dei, Affian,
'.  Affinal, Amphiam, Afium, Osoron, Lent'do num, 
PAPAVERACEUM           676         PAPPEA  CAPENSIS
Mecon, Sopio, (Prov.) Poppy pill, (F.) Opium brut I
ou cm — is procured.  It is the  milky juice ob-
tained after the flowering of the plant, by making
longitudinal  incisions in  the capsViles and stalks.
It is commonly  obtained  frora  the Levant or
India, where  the poppy grows abundantly. Opium
is a compound  of morphia, narcotina, meconic
acid, codeia, narcein, nieconin, caoutchouc, fecula,
resin, oil, and several other substances.   Turkey
Opium,  is of a heavy and  slightly fetid colour.
Its taste is nauseous, bitter, acrid,  and warm:  it,
is in flat pieces;  solid and  tenacious; of a dark
brown  colour, and  yellowish  when powdered ;
making  a light  brown,  interrupted streak  on
paper.  In East India  Opium, tbe odour is the
same, and empyreumatic ;  the  taste is less bitter,
but more nauseous, and  the colour darker.   The
varieties  of opium known  in  commerce are the
Smyrna,  the Constantinople, the Egyptian, the
Persian, and the Indian.   Opium is stimulant in
small doses ;  sedative, in large; narcotic and ano-
dyne; operating through the nervous system.  It
is a most valuable remedy in all  painful  affec-
tions, and inflammations,  when given so  as  to
produce its full, sedative effects, especially in pe-
ritonitis.  In  diarrhoea and  dysentery, it acts as an
astringent; and in intermittents, it will often pre-
vent the paroxysm.  In typhus, in  small doses,
it acts as a cordial; in  larger, it allays irritation
and  produces  sleep.  When  applied externally,
its narcotic effects are developed:  and, hence, it
is a  useful application to  irritable sores, painful
tumours, Ac.  Dose.gr.  £  to J as a stimulant; gr.
 j to iv  ns a sedative.
   Papaver  Ceiieale, P. rhoeas — p. Cornicula-
tuin, Chelidonium majus—p. Erraticum, P. rhoeas
—p. Luteum, Chelidonium majus.
   Papaver  Nigrum.  This is merely a variety
 of the white poppy, producing black seeds.
   Papaver  Rhosas.  The systematic and  phar-
macopoeia! name of the  Red corn-poppy. Corn
 rose, Papaver errat'iciim seu cerea'le seu rubrum,
 Copper  ruse, Red-mailkes,  (F.) Coquelicot.  The
 heads of this species oontain  a milky juice of a
 narcotic  quality.  A syrup. Syr'upus  Rhce'ados,
 of its flowers—Rhoeas (Ph. L.  and E.)—has been
 directed, which  has  been  esteemed diaphoretic
 and  slightly soothing: but is  more admired for
 its colour than for any other property.
   PAPAVRRACEUM,  Opiate.
   PAPAVERCULUM,  Meconium.
   PAPAVERINE, Papaveri'na ;  from papaver,
 'the poppy.'  An alkaloid contained  in opium;
 but not much investigated.
   PAPAVERINUM, Codeine.
   PAPAW  TREE, Carica papaya.
   PAPA YE It,  Carica papaya.
   PAPER,  BLISTERING,  see   Sparadrapum
 vesicatorium.
   PAPIER EPISPASTIQUE,  see  Sparadra-
 pum vesicatorium.
   PAPIL'LA, (F.) Papille—diminutive,perhaps,
 frora papa, one of the earliest cries of  the infant,
 ascribed to  a craving for  food.  The  end  of the
 breast,  the  nipple.  See  Nipple.   An eminence
 similar to a  nipple.  A name given to  small emi-
 nences, more or less prominent, at the surface of
 several parts, particularly of the skin and mu-
 cous membranes, in which latter  situation they
 are also  called villi.  See  Villous.   They appear
 formed by the ultimate  expansion  of the vessels
 and nerves,  and are susceptible, in some cases, of
 a kind of erection.   They are  also called Papilla
 nervo'sa sen Ner'vea, P.   Pyramida'les, Nervous
  papilla,  (F.)   Papi/les ou  Papilles  nerveuses,
 Honppes nerveuses.
   Papilla  Lacrymalis,  see  Lachrymal puncta
 —p. Mammae, Nipple—p. Nervi optici, see Optic
 nerve—p. Pili, see Hair.
  Papill.e, see Corpuscles, Pacinian—p. Cnlyci-
fortnes, see Papillae of the tongue—p. Capitata1,
see Papillae of the tongue—p. ('ircninvnllal.r, see
Papilla? of the tongue —p. Conical, see Pupillm
of the tongue — p.  Conoidal, see  Papilla? of the
tongue—p. Filiform, see  Papilla? of the tongue
— p.  Fungiform, see Papilla? of the tongue—p.
Fungoid, see Papillae of the tongue.
  Papilla of the Kidney,  (F.) Mmnelons  tin
rein,  are  the projections  into the  pelvis of the
kidney of the apices of the cones—Pyrnmi'tis  of
Malpighi, Pyram'ides 31alpighia'na — of the tu-
bular substance of the  organ.   They  are also
called Proces'sus manrilla'res,  Carun'cula pajiil-
la'res, and Papilla renum.
  Papilla,  Lenticular, see  Papilla? of the
tongue — p. Maxima?, see Papilla1 of the tongue
—p. .Mediae, see Papillae of the tongue—p. Min-
imse, see Papillae of the tongue—p. Mucosa1, sec
Papillae of the tongue — p. Nerveie, Corpuscles,
Pacinian — p. Nervous,  see  Papilla — p. Pyra-
midal, see Papillae of  the  tongue — p.  Pyra-
midales,  see  Papilla — p.  Renum, see Papilla?  of
the kidney — p. Semilenticulures, see Papilla?  of
the tongue.
   Papillae of the Tongue are  very numerous
and marked.  They are observed, particularly, nt
the upper  surface  of the  organ, and are distin-
guished into—1. The Lentic1ular papilla, Papilla
muco'sa  seu max'iina seu capita'tes seu vnlln'tae
seu circnmvalla'ta seu trunca'ta seu calycifor'mes.
They are arranged  at the base of the tongue in
two oblique lines having the shape of the letter
V; and united angularly at the foramen ca?cuin,
They have,  in  general,  an  ovoid  or  spherical
shape, and have seemed to be  mucous follicles
similar to  those of the palate, lips, Ac.  2. The
Fun'giform or Fungoid Papilla, Papilla me'dia;
seu semilenticnla'res,are of indeterminate number,
but always more numerous than tho preceding.
They are irregularly disseminated near the edge*
and the point of the tongue ; have a rounded and
flattened head, supported by a short and narrow
footstalk.  Their tint is whitish.  3. The Cnn'renl,
 Conoid'ed  or Pyram'idul papilla, P. iniii'ima  sen
villo'sa, are  tbe  most numerous of all.  Their
arrangement is more regnlar in  the forepart of
the tongue than behind.  They  resemble  small
cones ; the  base being towards  the tongue and
the apex free.  The anterior are very small, and
have been called  Filiform papilla.  They  ap-
pear to  be produced by  the terminations of  the
filaments of the lingual nerve, and  are surround-
ed by an evident vascular network.
   Papilla  Truncate, see Papilla? of the tongue
—p. Vallntae, see  Papillae of the tongue—p. Vil-
losae, see Papilla?  of the tongue.
   PAPTLLARY,  Papilla'ris,  Papill'mi*, (F.)
 Papillaire, from papilla.  Of or belonging to  the
 nipple or  to the papillae.
   Papillary Body, Corpus papillare.
   PAPILLI-AUT-MAMMILLI-FORMIS, Mas-
 toid.
   PAPILLTFORM, Papilliform'is, from papilla,
 and fonna, < form.' Having the shape or appear-
 ance of  a papilla.
   PAPILLO'MA.  A tumour, whose specific  ele-
 ments are those of the  papillae  of the normal
 skin ; and which  consequently is composed of a
 stem of  fibrous or homogenous connective tissue;
 is  club-shaped, cylindrical  or  acuminated,  and
 covered with a layer of epithelial cells,  similar to
 those of the normal papillae.—Forster.
   PAPILLOUS. Papillary.
   PAPOOSE ROOT, Caulophyllum tbalietroides.
   PAPPE,  Mamma.
   PAPPEA CAPEX'SIS.   A small tree  ofthe
 Nat. Ord.  Sapindace;«\  common  in Cafferland.
 the  fruit  of which  is  called  Wild /'/«»'«•  l{ 
PAPPUS AMERICANUS       677              PARAGLOSSA
 famishes a vinous beverage, and excellent vine-
 gar.   Its kernel contains an  oil, which, although
 eatable, is somewhat cathartic, and is  recom-
 mended  as  an  external application in tinea
 capitis, alopecia, Ac.
   PAPPUS  AMERICANUS, Solanum  tubero-
 sum.
   PAPTJLA.  Akin  to  papilla.  A pimple,  Ex-
 or'min, (Prov.) Pouke, Ruckle, (Sc.) Plnke, Plauk,
 (F.)  Papule,  Bouton, Bourgeon.  A  small, acu-
 minated elevation of the cuticle, with an inflamed
 base; very seldom  containing a fluid, or suppu-
 rating, and  commonly  terminating in scurf or
 desquamation.  An eruption  of pimples is called,
 in Devonshire, Mur/lcs.
   Papula form  the  first order of Willan  and
 Bateinan's arraugement of cutaneous diseases.
   Papula Agria, Lichen agrius — p. Fera, Her-
 pes exedens—p. Miliaris, Miliary fever — p.  Ty-
 phosa, Spots, red.
   Paimii.e, Lichen—p. Sicca?, Lichen—p. Sudo-
 ris, .Miliary fever — p. Sudorales, Sudamina.
   PAPULAR, Papulose.
   PAPULE UN, Papulose.
   PAP'ULOSE,  Papulo'siis,  Pap'ulous, Papula'-
 tns, Pimpled, Pap'ular, Papula'ris,  (F.) Papu-
 leux,  from papula.  Of  or belonging  to, resem-
 bling, or covered with, papula? or pimples.
   PA tjI ERETTE  VI VA CE, Bellis.
   PAR NERVU'RUM, Syz'ygi nervo'rum.   A
 pair of nerves.
   Par Nonum, Hypoglossus—p. Opticum Nervo-
 rum, Optic nerve—p. Priraum nervorum cerebri,
 Olfactory nerve — p.  Quartum, Pathetic  nerve—
 p. Quintum nervorum cerebralium, Trigemini—p.
 Secundum nervorum, Optic nerve—p. Septimum
 sive faeiale, Facial nerve — p. Tertium, Motores
 oculorum—p. Trigeininum, Trigemini—p. Trium
 funiculorum, Trigemini —p.  Vagus, Pneumogas-
 tric— p.  Visorius, Optic  nerve.
   PARA, nnpa, a common prefix, 'by, near, con-
 trary  to, through,' (per;) 'above and beyond,'
 (ultra ;) ' besides,' (prater.)  In certain terms, as
 in /'nracusis,  /"((/apsis,  Parabysma, Ac, used
 by Dr. (iuod,  para means  a  defective or morbid
 condition.
   Para Nut, see Pichurim beans.
   PARABAL'ANUS,  from  napaftaXXtiv,  (-rapa,
 .and fiuXXttv,  'to cast,')  'to expose  one-self.'   A
 name given, by the ancients,  to a person who  de-
 voted  himself to  the  service  of  the sick in hos-
 pitals; and particularly during epidemics and the
 plague.
   PARABYS'MA, from irapa, and (Iveiv, 'to stuff.'
 Infarction or engorgement of  an organ—as Para-
 bysma Lic'uis, Engorgement of the spleen.
   Parabysma  Musentericu.m,  Tabes •mesente-
 rica.
   PARABYSTIA, same  etymon.  Engorgement
 or infarction of an organ  with blood.
   I ARACELSIS'TA, Paracel'sist, Paracel'sian ;
 from Paracelsus.  A follower  of  Paracelsus.
   PARACELSISTICA MEDICINA, see Spagy-
 rists.                                    l D,r
   PARACENTE'RIIIM.  Same  etymon  as the
 next.   Woolhouse has given this appellation to a
 small  trocar,  employed by  Nuck  for puncturing
 the eye in cases of dropsy of  that organ.
   P A R A C E N T E ' S I S, Perfara'tio, Punc'tio,
 Punctu'rn, Ceuembate'sis,  Cente'sis, Coinpuiic'tio,
 lK)  Pamcentise, from   rti,iaKtvTcta,  (irapa, and
 itvrioi, T pierce,') 'I pierce through.'  Puncture.
 The operation of tapping to evacuate the collected
 fluid in ascites, ovnrial dropsy, Ac.
  Paracentesis, Puncturing—p. Thoracis, Tho-
raoi.vntesis.
 PARACENTETERION. Trocar.
 PARACENTICION, Trocar.
 PARACEPII'ALUS, (F.) Paracephale, from
 rrapa, 'defective,' and KetpaXn,  'head.'  A genus
 of  monsters,  with  the head  badly formed, but
 voluminous; the face distinct, with a mouth; ru-
 dimental sensorial organs, and thoracic members.
    PARACHR(E'A, from para, and xi'oa, 'colour.'
 Morbid change of colour of the surface, especially
 of the face.
    PARACHROMA, Achromatopsia.
    PARACHROSIS, Decoloration.
    PARACINE'SES, (G.) Parakinesien, from
 para, and  Kivriots,  'motion.'   Diseases  of the
 motor nerves; morbid movements of voluntary
 muscles.
    PARACMASIS,  Decline.
    PARACMASTIC, Paracmas'ticus, from  ?ra-
 paKuufa, (para, and  aKUn, 'the highest point,') T
 decrease.'  Decreasing.  An epithet for a distem-
 per, which gradually decreases.   Also, according
 to Galen, the period of life when a  person is  said
 to grow old, which  he places at from 35 to 49,
 after which he is said to be old—a definition  that
 would not suit us at the present day.—Gorraeus,
 and Castelli.
    PARACMASTICOS, see Acmasticos.
    PARACME, Decline.
    PARACOE,_see Cophosis, Paracusis.
    PARAC'OPE, Paraplt'ora, Parncru'sis, from
 irapaKOTti-o), (para, and kot.tot, ' I strike,') T strike
 falsely.'   Delirium.   In  Hippocrates, it  means
 the  slight delirium  which sometimes occurs in
 febrile diseases.
    PARACOUSIA, see Cophosia.
    PARAC'RISES,   (G.)  Parakrisien: from
 para,  and  Kptais,  'secretion.'   Diseases  of  the
 secretory function.—Fuchs.
   PARACRUSIS, Paracope.
   PARACUSIS, Cophosis.  Also, perverted  au-
 dition.
   Paracu'sis Acris, Audi'tus a'crior, Paraen'eis
 oxycoi'a,  from para,  and nKovats, ' the  act of
 hearing.'  The hearing painfully acute, and irito-
 lernnt  of the  lowest sounds ;  a  symptom in
 otalgia, epilepsy,  cephalitis,  and  febrile  affec-
 tions.
   Paracusis  Duplicata,  Double  hearing__p.
 Imaginaria,  Tinnitus  aurium — p.  Imperfecta,
 Double hearing,  P. perversa —p. Obtusa, Barye-
 coia— p. Oxycoia, P. acris.
   Paracusis Perver'sa, P.  Willisia'ua seu  im-
 perfec'ta,  Perverse hearing.  The ear  only sensi-
 ble to articulate sounds, when  excited  by other
 and louder sounds intermixed with them.—Good.
 _ Paracusis Surditas, see Cophosis — p. Willi-
 siana, Paracusis perversa.
   PARACYCLE'SES, (G.)  Parakyklesen,
 from para, and KvuXnats, (kvkXos, 'a  circle,') 'cir-
 culation.   Diseases of the blood as regards its
 distribution and motion.—Fuchs.
   PARACYESIS, Pregnancy, morbid, Pregnan-
 cy, preternatural—p. Abortus, Abortion—p. Tu-
 baria, SaIpingocvesis._
   PARACYNAN'CHE,  (para, and  cynanche.)
 Inflammation of  the  external muscles of the  la-
 rynx.  According to others, a slight cynanche.
   PARESTHESIA, Paresthesis — p.  Olfactoria,
 Parosmia.
   PARESTHESIS,   Paresthesis —p.  Auditfls
 flaeca, Proptoma auricularura.
   PARETHENAR,  Parathenar.
   PARAGEUSIS,  Ageustia.  Also, perversion
 of taste, Parageu'sia, Parageust'ia, Al/otriogeus'-
 tia,  Gttstus  deprava'tus,  from para, and ytvais,
 ' taste.'
   PARAGEUSTIA, Parageusis.
   PARAGLOSSA, Puraglos'se, from para, and
yXuraaa, 'the  tongue;' Swelling of  the  tongue;
Dyspha'gia  Lingno'sa,  Glassomegis'tus, Maero-
glos'sa, Prolap'sns lingua.   Sauvages, under the
term Par-aglossa deglutito'ria, means a pretended 
PARAGOGE               678             PARAPHONIA
doubling of the  tongue into the pharynx, (F.)
Renversement de la langne.   See Glossocele.
  PARAGOGE,  Abduction,  Coaptation.
  PARAGOMPHO'SIS. Paragomphosis  cap'itis,
from para, and yopporats, ' a nailing.' Incomplete
wedging of the head of the child  in the  pelvis
during labour.
  PARAKINESIEN, Paracineses.
  PA It A KR IS I EN, Paracrises.
  PARAKYKLESEN, Paracycleses.
  PARALALIA, Mogilalia — p. Nasalis, Rhino-
phonia.
  PARALAMP'SIS,  irapaXau^ts, from  irapaXap-
tu>, (irapa, and Xapnor, 'I shine,') 'I shine  at the
side  of;' Mac'ula cornea margarita'cea,  Perla.
A cicatrix on the transparent part  of the  eye.—
Hippocrates.
   PARALEREMA,  Delirium.
   PARALLAGE. Insanity.
   PARALLAdMA,  Chevauchement.
   PARALLAXIS, Chevauchement,  Insanity.
   PARALLE'LA.  A kind  of scurfy, cutaneous
 eruption, affecting the palms  of the  hands, in
parallel  lines, and symptomatic of the  venereal
disease.—Forestus.
   PARALLELISM  OF DISEASES,  Isopathia.
   PARALOGIA, Delirium.
   PARALOPHTA,  from  para, and  Xotpia, 'the
first vertebra  of the back.'  The lower and  lateral
part  of the neck, near the vertebrae.—Keil.
   PARAL YSE, Paralytic.   ,
   PARA L YSIE, Paralysis—p. Musculaire atro-
 phique,  Atrophie musculaire, progressive—p. Sa-
 turnine,  Palsy, lead.
   PARAL'YSIS,  Par'esis,  Resolu'tio  mernbro'-
runi  seu nervo'rum.  Cants paralysis,  Catalysis,
 (F.)  Paratysie,  Risolution des membres; Aneu'-
ria, Anev'ria, Anervismie,—Piorry; Palsy; from
irapaXvu), (irapa,  and Xvor,  'I loosen,') 'I  relax.'
Abolition  or  great diminution of the voluntary
motions, Myoparalysis, and sometimes of  sensa-
 tion,  in  one or more  parts  of the body.
   Palsy is said to be local, when it  affects  only a
few muscles.   When it extends to half the body,
vertically  or  horizontally, it is called Heiniple'-
girt or Paraple'gia.  It is commonly symptoma-
tic of disease  of  the brain  or of the nerves them-
selves, and is a frequent accompaniment, precur-
sor, or successor of apoplexy,—Phrenoparalysis.
 The  immediate  cause is,  generally,  pressure,
either by blood  effused, or by serum, or by vas-
cular turgescence.  At its onset, therefore,  blood-
letting  may  be  advisable ;  but, afterwards, the
disease  becomes one of nervous debility, and re-
quires  stimulants to the  paralyzed parts, or to
the  raucous  membranes, — frictions, sinapisms,
blisters, the moxa, baths, electricity, galvanism,
purgatives, and  the  nux vomica, which  last has
the property  of exciting  movements where the
will has no longer power.  The disease generally
admits only of palliation, and is extremely apt to
recur.
   Paralysis, Primula veris.
   Paral'ysis Ag"itans, P. trem'ula, Syn'clonus
 ball is'mus, Scelotyr'be festlnans, Tremor, Tromos,
Shaking Palsy,  Trembling Palsy.   A  variety of
tremor,  in which the muscles are  in a perpetual
alternation of contraction and relaxation.
   Paralysis, Bell's, Bell's Palsy, Histrion'ic
Paralysis  or  Palsy, Paral'ysis facia'lis, Proso-
pnrnlysis,  Trismus dias'trophe. Sauvage'sii, Di-
as'trophe  Gale'ni, Hemiple'gia  facia'lis, Oris
tortu'ra  paralytica  Liuna'i,  Hemiprosople'gia.
Tbe  paralysis of the  face  induced by a lesion of
the  portio  dura, has been  called  Bell's  Palsy,
owing to Sir Charles Bell having been one of the
first to investigate it minutely.
  Paralysis Beriberia,  Beriberi—p. Extremi-
tatum,  Acro-paralysis — p.  Facialis,  Paralysis,
Bell's—p. Hemiplegia, Hemiplegia—p. Histrionic,
Paralysis,  Bell's—p.  of the  Insane, Dementia
paralytica — p. Intestini recti, Proetopnralysis__
p. Intestinorum,  Enteroparalysis — p. Lingua1,
Glossolysis — p. Medullaris, Paraplegia —p. Me-
tallica, Palsy, lead—p. Nervi hypoglossi, (ilosso-
plegia—p.  Nervi vagi in parte thoracica, Asthma
—p. Nervorum thoracis, Ac, Stethoparalvsis—p.
from Poisons, P. Venenata—p. Rachialgia, Colic,
metallic — p. Saturnine,  Palsy, lead — p. Scorbu-
tica, Pellagra — p. Spinalis, Paraplegia — p. Tre-
mula, Paralysis agitans.
  Paral'ysis  Venena'ta,  Paralysis e vene'nis,
Paralysis from poisons.   Paralysis, the result  of
poisonous substances—as of lead, mercury, arse-
nic, ergot,  Ac.
  Paralysis  e Venenis, P. Venanata—p. Ven-
triculi. Gastroparalysis.
  PARALYTIC,  Paralyt'icus, Par'alyzed, Pal'.
sied, (F.) Paralysi, Paralytiqne.   Same etymon
as Paralysis.   Affected with or causing paraly.-is.
  Paralytic Stroke, see Stroke, paralytic.
  PARALYZED,  Paralytic.
  PARAME'NIA, from para, and pnv, 'a month,'
Menstrua'tio anom'ala,  Menses  riitotii'n/a, Mis-
menstruation.  Difficult menstruation.  Disordered
menstruation.
  Paramenia  Difficilis,  Dysmenorrhoea — p,
Erroris,  Menstruation, vicarious — p. Obstructio-
ns, see Amenorrhcea — p. Profusa, Menorrhagia
—p. Superflua, Menorrhagia.
  PARAME'RIA,  irapapvpia,  from  pnra,  and
pnpos,  'the thigh.'   The internal parts  of the
thigh.
  PARAMESOS,  Annular finger, see Digitus.
  PARAMO DE  RUIZ, MINERAL WATERS
OF.   A remarkable acid spring in New Granada.
It contains free sulphuric and chlorohydric acids,
and has a temperature of 157° Fahr.
  PARANEPHRITIS, from para, and nephritis,
'inflammation  of  the kidney.'   Inflammation  of
the renal capsules,  Infiamma'tio renum succentu-
riato'rum.
  PARANCEA, Delirium, Dementia.
  PARANYMPII'US, from para, and wptpn,  'a
young spouse,' 'a bride.'  A name given by the
ancients to him who led  the bride to the house  of
her  husband.  The term was  adopted into the
ancient  schools of medicine  to designate the
usual discourse pronounced at the end of the pre-
scribed period of  study for licentiate, in which
the qualifications  and  merits  of the candidate
were described.
  PARAPATHIA,  Patbomania.
  PARAPECHYON, Radius.
  PARAPHIA, Parapsis.
  PARAPHIMOSIS,   Periphimo'sis,   Circum-
ligatn'ra,  Phimo'sis cireumliga'ta, Penis lipn-
derm'us, from pnra, and ipipour, T bridle.'  Stran-
gulation of the glans penis, owing to  the opening
of the prepuce being too narrow.  It frequently
happens in persons  affected with phimosis, when
the prepuce has been pushed violently behind the
base  of  the glans,  during  copulation, Ac.  In
paraphimosis, the  narrow and  resisting aperture
of the prepuce forms, behind the corona glandis,
a kind of  ligature,  which strangulates  the part,
causes it to swell and  inflame,  and  even to be-
come gangrenous.  Attempts  must be made  to
bring back the prepuce. These excite consider-
able pain, yet they must be  persevered in fur
some time;  and  should they not succeed, the
rings, formed by  the tumefied prepuce, must  be
cut transversely, and the antiphlogistic treatment
be adopted.
  PARAPHOBIA,  Hydrophobia.
  PARAPHO'NIA, from para, and tjiorvv, 'tbe
voice.'   Affection  of the  voice, when its charac-
ter or timbre is less  agreeable. 
PARAPIIORA
67
9
PAREIRA
  Paraphonia Clangens, Oxyphonia—p. Gut-
turalis,  Asuphia—p. Nasalis, Rhinophonia — p.
Puberum, Hirquitalitas—p. Rauca, Raucedo—p.
Ulcerosa, Oxyphonia.
  PARAPHORA, Delirium, Paracope.
  PARAPHRENESIS, Paraphrenias —p. Dia-
phragmatica, Diapbrugmitis.
  PARAPH RE S1E, I n sa n i ty.
  PARAPHRENI'TIS,  from para,  and <pptvts,
'the  diaphragm;'  Paraphrene'sis,  (F.) Para-
phrincsie.   A name given to inflammation of the
diaphragm,  (see-Diaphragmitis,) which was sup-
posed always to produce delirium :—as well as to
the delirium itself accompanying that affection.
See Phrenitis.
  PARAPHROSYNE. Delirium.
  PARAPHROTES, Delirium.
  PARAPLASTIC,  Paraplas'ticus,  from para,
 and trXaoriKos, 'formative.'  Possessed of depraved
 formative powers,—as Carcinoma, Encephaloma,
 Melanosis, «tc.
  PARAPLE'GIA,  Paraplex'ia, Rachioparaly-
 sis,  llhachiopuralysis, Rlittchiople'gia,   Myelo-
 paralysis,  Paralysis spina'lis  seu  Medulla'vis,
 Cuius pnralysis pnraple'gia,  (F.)   Parapligie,
 from  pura,  and nXnaato, 'I strike.'  Palsy of the
 lower half of the body, including the bladder and
 rectum.  It is,  generally,  owing to disease  of
 some part of the cerebro-spinal axis; especially
 of the spinal  portion.  The ancients  sometimes
 used  the term for  incomplete  apoplexy.  Some
 authors  have, also,  made a distinction  between
 paraplegia  and paraplcxia, — using the former
 for partial  apoplexy,— the latter for general or
 complete apnple.il/.
   PARAPLEURITIS, Pleurodynia.
   PARAPLENIA. Paraplegia.
   PARAPOPHYSES, see Vertebra.
   PARAP'OPLEXY. Parapoplex'ia, from para,
 and airoitXn^ta,  'apoplexy.'  False apoplexy; a
 soporous state,  resembling  apoplexy : and  espe-
 cially that which occurs in the paroxysms of per-
 nicious intermittents.
   PARAP'SIS, Paraph'ia, from para, and airro-
 pai, 'I touch.'   Sense of touch or general feeling
 vitiated or lost.—Good.
   Parapsis Acris  Teneritiido, Soreness — p.
 Expers, Torpor, Anaesthesia — p. Illusoria, Pseu-
 da?sthesia — p. Pruritus, Itching.
   PAHARMA,  Fimbria.
   PARARRHYTIIMICUS. Pararrhythmus.
   PARARRIIYTII'MUS, Pararrhyih'micus,from
 pant, and pvSuos, 'rhythm.'  An epithet for the
 pulse, when it has  not the rhythm proper to the
 age and constitution ofthe individual.
   PARARTIIRE'MA,/'rimrf/i?-o'?Ha.Pnra?-^?-e'-
 sis, Pararthro'sis, Parec'tasis, Para strep'sis, frora
 pnru, and apfyov, 'a joint,'   Incomplete luxation;
 subluxation.
  PARASCEPASTRA, from para, and  oKexefa,
 'I cover.'   A  cap or bandage, which covers the
 whole head.—(lalen.
  PARASCEUE. Apparatus.
  PARASTIIIDES, from  para,  and cKtfa, T
cleave.'  Fragments or splinters of a broken bone.
  PAR'ASITE, Pnntsi'tus, from irupaatTtor, (itapa,
and ciros, 'corn,' ' food.')   ' I eat by the side of.'
Parasites are  plants which  attach themselves to
other plants ; and animals which live  in or on the
bodies of other animals,—so as to subsist at their
expense.  The  mistletoe is a parasitic plant; —
the louse a parasitic aniinul.  The chief  parasitic
nnimals are the Pcdie'uhis humn'mts corp'oris,
P. cap'itis,  P.  pubis, Pule.r irritans, P. jjen'-
rl'tns, and the Ac'arns Sea'hiei.
  PARASITIC. Parasit'icus. Par'asitoid, Pa-
rasito'i'tles.  Same etymon.  Having the nature of,
or resembling  a  parasite,—as 'parasitic growths,'
tubercles, cancer, monster, (F.) Parasitaire, Ac.
  PARASITICIDE,  Antiparasitic.
  PARASITISM, Parasitism'us.   Same etymon
as Parasite.  The condition of a parasite, or of an
organized body which lives on another organized
body.
  PARASITISMUS INTESTINALIS, Helmin-
thiasis— p. Superficiei,  Malis.
  PARASITOG"ENY,  Parasitogen'ia,  Parasi-
togen'esis.. The corporeal condition, which favours
the development of parasites.
  PARASITOID, Parasitic.
  PARASPA'DIA, from  para, and  airaur,  'I
draw.'  A  preternatural opening of the urethra
at the side of the penis.   One whose urethra
opens  in  this manner is called Paraspadia'us
and Paraspa'dias.
  PARASPADIiEUS, see Paraspadia.
  PARAS'PHAGIS,  from para, and atpayrj, 'the
throat.'  The part of the neck contiguous  to the
clavicles.
  PARASTATA,  Paras'tates,  from Trapiarnpi,
(irapa, and  tarpiji.) 'I  stand near.'  The  prostate.
In  Hippocrates, it means the epididymis.  The
epididymes were called  by Herophilus and  Galen
 Varico'sa  pantstnta, to distinguish  them  from
glantlulo'sa  pnrastnta  or prostate.   Rufus  of
Ephesus called the Tuba? Fal'opianae Parastata
varico'sa.
  Parastata Adenoides,  Prostate — p.  Glan-
dula, Prostate — p. Glandulosa, Prostate.
  PARASTATES, Parastata.
  PARASTATI'TIS, Epididymitis; from  pa-
rastata, 'epididymis,'and itis,  denoting inflam-
mation.  Inflammation  of the epididymis.
  PARASTREM'MA, /WoVrio/j/ie, "from  irapaa-
rpttpoi, (irapa,  and  cTpttpor, T turn,')  T distorter
pervert.'  Convulsive distortion, especially of the
face, the soft parts being drawn  laterally.
  PARASTREPSIS, Pararthrema.
  PARASTROPHE,  Parastremma.
  PARASYNANCHE,  Cynanche parotida?a.
  PARASYSTOLE, Acinesia.
  PARATH'ENAR, Para'thenar, frora para, and
Stvap, ' the  sole of the  foot.' Winslow called grand
parathinar,  parathenar major,  a portion of the
abductor of the little toe, musculus scandula'riits ;
and petit parathinar, parathenar minor, the short
flexor of that toe.
  Parathenar  Major, Abductor minimi digiti
pedis — p.  Minor,  Flexor  brevis  minimi  digiti
pedis.
  PARATHROMA, Elongatio.
  PARATONIA, see Spasm.
  PARATOPIA, Luxation.
  PARATOP'I-iE, from para, and to-kos, 'place.'
Diseases in which organs are removed from their
proper position.   See Ectopia.
  PARATRIMMA, Chafing.
  PARATROPE, Apotrope.
  PARAT'ROPHY,  Parat'rophe, Paratroph'ia,
from  para,  and rpotpn, 'nourishment.  Misnu-
trition.
  PARBREAKINC.. Vomiting.
  PARDALIANCHES, Aconitum.
  PARDALIANCHUM, Aconitum.
  PARECTAMA, Parec'tasis, from para,  ik,
' out of,' and  rttvui, ' I stretch.'  Immoderate ex-
tension, distension, or dilatation of a part—as of
the heart.
  PARECTASIS, Pararthrema, Parectama.
  PAREGORTC,  Paregor'icns,  So'piens, (*.)
Parigorique,  from  iraprjyopew (irapa  and ayoptvor),
' I soothe,  I   calm.'  That which soothes  or as-
suages—as paregoric  elixir.   An anodyne.
  PAREIA.  Gena.
  PAREIRA. see P.  brava.
  Parei'ra  Brava,  Cissam'pelos Pareira, Pa-
reyra, Butua, Abu'ta, Albu'tua,  Boton. Caa-pebn,
Overo butua, Wild vine, Velvet leaf.   Family, 
PARELLE                680         P AROMPIl ALOCEL E
Menispermea?.   Sex.  Syst. Dioecia Monadelphia.
The root of this plant— Pareira (Ph. U. S.)— a
native of South America and  tbe West Indies,
bis a sweet taste, with considerable bitterness and
slight roughness.  It  has been  recommended  in
nephritic and  calculous affections; but it is not
much used.  By A. de St. Hilaire, Pareira is as-
signed to Cissampelos glaber'rima.
   PARELLE, Rumex hydrolapathum, R. pa-
tientia.
   PARENCEPHALIS, Cerebellum.
   PARENCEPHALITIS, Cerebellitis.
   PARENCEPHALOCE'LE,  from irapeyKttpaXts,
[japa, and tyKtipaXos, 'the  brain,')  'the cerebel-
lum,' and KnXn, 'a rupture.'  Hernia of the cere-
bellum ;  a very rare  disease.   It  occurs under
the form of  a soft, indolent, or slightly painful
tumour, without change in the colour of the skin,
aud is  situate in the occipital region.  It is con-
stituted of the  cerebellum, which escapes through
an aperture in  the occipital bone.   Great atten-
tion must be paid not  to mistake it for an ordi-
nary turaour, as its extirpation would be attended
 with fatal consequences.
   PARENCEPIIALUS, Cerebellum.
   PAREN'CHYMA,  Caro parenchymat'ica  seu
vls'cerum seu viscera'lis seu viscero'sa, Substantia
 pnrenchymattr'sa, Procheu'ma, (F.) Parenchyme.
 The  texture  of glandular and other organs, com-
posed of agglomerated globules united by  areolar
 tissue,  and  tearing  with  more or less facility.
 Such  is  the texture  of the liver,  kidneys,  Ac.
 Waptyxvpa signifies,  in Greek,  effusion, {irapa, tv,
 and xvu>- ' I  P°ur,') and it was believed, that this
 tissue consisted of effused blood or other fluid.
   Parenchyma Testis, Pulpa testis.
   PARENCHYMAL, Parenchym'atous, Paren'-
 ehyniotts, Parenchyma'lis, Parenchymnt'icus, (F.)
 Parencliyinateux;  same etymon.   Belonging  or
 relating to the parenchyma of an organ.
   PARENCHYMATI'TIS;  from  parenchyma,
 and  itis, denoting  inflammation.  Infiamma'tio
 parenchymal ica.  Inflammation of the substance
 of an organ.
   PARENCHYMATOUS,  Parenchymal.
   PAR'ESIS, from  irapinpt, T relax.'  (F.) Pa-
 resie.  Paralysis.  According to some, a slight,
 incomplete paralysis,  affecting  motion, not sen-
 sation.
   PARESTHE'SIS, Parasthe'sis, Paresthesia,
 Scnsus  iniperfec'tus,  from para,  and  ataOrjats,
 'sensation.'    Congenital misconstruction of the
 external organs of  sense.   A  genus  in the no-
 sology of Good.  Also, perversion of  sensibility.
   PARETTCA EXARTHRO'SIS.  Luxation
 from relaxation ofthe ligaments of a joint.
   PARETICUS, Relaxant.
   PAREYRA, Pareira brava.
   PARFUM, Suffimentum.
   PARIERA, Pareira brava.
   PARIES, Table.
   PARl'ETAL,  Parieta'lis,  Pariet'inns,  from
 paries, parielis, ' a wall.'  Appertaining to the
 parietes or  walls  of an organ  or to the parietal
 bones.
   Parietal Artery, see P. Bones.
   Parietal Bones, Ossa parieta'lia seu vertica'-
 lia seu  ver'ticis seu sincip'itis seu  breg'mafis seu
 bregmat'ica  seu nervn'lia  seu tetrago'na,  are two
 fellow-bones,  occupying the  lateral  and upper
 parts of the cranium, in the formation of which
 they assist.  They have a quadrilateral shape:
 their external surface is convex, and presents, at
 its middle part, an  eminence called the Parietal
 protuberance, Tuber parieta'le, (F.) Basse parii-
 tnle.  Their  inner  or cerebral  surface, which is
 concave, has  a depression that corresponds with
 the  preceding eminence, and  which is called the
 Parietal fussa, Fossa parieta'lis.  Above  and be-
I hind, near the superior edge of these bones, is a
j foramen, which  does not always exist, cnlled tho
i Parietal foramen, Vora'men parieta'le,  through
 which passes a vein — parietal vein — that opens
j into the  superior longitudinal sinus of the dura
 mater: and an artery—parietal artery—a branch
 of the occipital, which  ramifies on the same sinus.
 Each parietal bone  is articulated above, with its
 fellow; below,  with  the temporal  bone; before,
 with the frontal; behind, with the  occipital, and
 by  the anterior and  inferior angle with the great
 ala of the sphenoid.  Each parietal bone is de-
 veloped from a single  point of ossification.
   Parietal Foramen, see P. Bones — p. Fossa,
 see P. Bones — p. Protuberance, see  P. Bones__
 p. Veins, see P. Bones.
   PARIETA'RIA,  P. offtcina'lis,  Ilelx'ine,  Vi-
 tra'ria,  Wall pellitory, (F.) Parietuire commune,
 Perce-muraille,  Aitmure, Herbe  aux miiraill.es ou
 des  Nones.   Family,  Urticeae.  Six. Syst. Poly-
 gamia Moncecia.  This plant grows on old walis,
 —hence its name, from paries, parietis,  'a wall,'
 — and contains much nitrate of potassa.  Itis
 diuretic, but is not much used.
    Parieta'ria Pi:NNSYLVAN'lCA,^i»?er'('ca?] Pel-
 litory, a small  weed, flowering  from June to Au-
 gust, has been  used in  juice or decoction as a
 diuretic, deobstruent [?] and emmenagogue.
    PARI'ETES,. Plural of Paries,  'a wall,'(F.)
 Parois.   A name given  to parts which form the
 enclosures  or limits of different cavities of the
 bodv, as the Parietes  ofthe cranium, chest, Ac.
    PARIETINUS, Parietal.
    PARIS,  P. quadrifo'lia,  Sola'num qnadrifo'-
 lium,  lira inver'sa seu lupi'na seu vulpi'na, One-
 berry, Truelove, (F.) Parisette, Raisin de llenard,
 Herbe a Paris,  Etrangle-loup.  It possesses nar-
 cotic properties, and  was   formerly considered a
 powerful love philter.   It  is emetic, and is some-
 times used externally as a resolvent nnd anodyne.
    PARISAGOGE INTESTINORUM, Intussus-
 ceptio.
    PARISETTE, Paris.
    PARISTII'MIA,  para, and ia6pos, ' the throat.'
 A word  employed to  designate the  tonsils, and,
 likewise, inflammation of  the tonsils.  Cynanche
 tonsillaris,  and Cynanche  in general.
    PARISTHMIOT'OMUS, from napiaSpia, ' tbe
 tonsils,' and rtpvur,  ' I cut.'  An instrument with
 which the tonsils were formerly scarified.
    PARISTHMITIS,  Cynanche, C.  tonsillaris.
    PARISTHMIUM,  Tonsil.
    PARISWORT, Trillium latifolium.
    PARMACITY, Cetaceum —p.  Poor Man's,
  Thlaspi bursa.
    PARME'LIA  PARIETINA, Lichen pariet'-
  inns,  Yellow wnll Lichen, Common  Yellow Wnll
  Moss, which grows abundantly on trees and walls,
  Order, Lichenacea?, is used in intermittent fever
  on account of  its bitterness.
    PARMELIA ISLANDICA, Lichen Islandicus
  — p. Plicata, Lichen  plicatus — p. Pulmonacea,
  Lichen  pulmonarius — p.  Roccella, Lichen roc-
  cella— p. Saxatilis, Lichen saxatilis.
    PARMENTIE'RA  CERIF'ERA, Pah de
  veins, Candle Tree.   A  forest tree  in  the valley
  of the Chagres,—Nat. Ord. Crescentincea?,— the
  long  cylindrical fruit of which, resembling can-
  dles, serves for food for cattle.
    PAROARTON, Parovarium.
    PAROCHETEUSIS. Derivation.
    PARODONTIDES,  from para, and oiovs,
  tooth.'  Tumours on  the gums; parulis, Ac.
    PARODYNIA,  Dystocia —p. Perversa,  Pre-
  sentation, preternatural.
    PAROIS, Parietes.
    PAROLE. Voice, articulated.
    PAROMPHALOCE'LE, from para,  op,laXoSl 
PARONTRIA
681
PAROTIS
'the  navel,' and KnXn, 'rupture.'   Hernia near
the navel.
  PAKONI'RIA,  from  fun-a,  and  ovttpov,  'a
dream.'   Depraved, distnrin-il, or morbid dream-
ing:  Omirodyii'ia  acti'va,  Erethis'mus  oneirtt-
tlyn'ia.   The voluntar}'  organs  connected with
the  passing train of ideas,  overpowered by  the
force of  the imagination during dreaming, and
involuntarily excited  to  their natural or accus-
tomed  actions, while  the  other organs remain
asleep.— Good.
  Paroniiua Ambulans, Somnambulism—p. Sa-
lax,  Pollution.
  PARONYCHIA,  Paron'ychis,  Paronychltis,
Pan'aris, Raln'da, Rediv'ia, Vermis seu Pleryg'-
iiim dig"iti, Paintril'inm, Digit"ium, Paudalit"-
ium,  Pttssa.  Dactylitis,  Paua'rium,  Out/eh' in,
(F.) Outfiudc, from para, and ovuf, ohi^oj,  'the
nail.'  The ancients gave this name tc an inflam-
matory  tumour,— Onychitis, Onyxitis (Gross),
—seated near the nail, and involving the pulp or
matrix.   Some of the moderns  have extended it
to inflammation of the  hand, and  even  of the
firearm.  It usually  means  every phlegmonous
tumour of the  fingers or toes, and especially of
 the first phalanx.  Four  kinds of paronychia are
commonly pointed out:  1. That seated  between
the  epidermis and  skin, called  in  France  Tour-
niole.  2. That seated in the subcutaneous areo-
lar tissue.   3.  That occupying  the sheath  of a
 tendon;  and t. That  considered to be seated be-
 tween the periosteum and bone.  The last three
 are  only different degrees of the  same disease,
 constituting  Whitlow, (Prov.)  Teak, (F.)  Mai
 d'arenttirc ; — the worst kinds, in  English, are
 called Felon.  The inflammation generally com-
 mences in the subcutaneous areolar tissue, and
 spreads  to other  parts,  occasioning excessive,
 lancinating pain, owing to tbe parts being put
 upon the stretch; hence,  the necessity of dividing
 them freely, — even down to the  bone, when there
 is reason to believe that the affection belongs to
 the  fourth ' division, — making  use of  emollient
 applications, the antiphlogistic treatment,  and
 opiates to relieve pain.
   Paronychia, Asplenium ruta muraria—p. Di-
 gitiuin,  Di/itium.
   PARON'YCHIS, Paronychia.
   PARONYCHITIS, Paronychia.
   PAROPHOBIA, Hydrophobia.
   PAROPIA, Canthus (lesser.)
   PAROPLEXIA, Paraplegia.
   PAROPSIS, Dysaestbesia  visualis — p. Amau-
 rosis,  Amaurosis — p. Catnraeta,  Cataract — p.
 (iluucosis. Glaucoma — p. Illusoriu, Pseudoblep-
 sia—p.  Lateralis, Dysopia lateralis — p. Longin-
 i|iia,  Presbytia — p.  Lucifuga,  Nyctalopia—p.
 Noctifuga, llemeralopia— p. Propinqua, Myopia
— p. Staphyloma, Staphyloma—p. Staphyloma
 purulentum, Hypopyon—p. Staphyloma simplex,
 Hvdrophtbaliuia — p.  Strabismus,  Strabismus —
 p. Synezisis, Synezisis.
   PAllOPTE'SIS, from  ™o-,  dim., and oirraw,
 'I  roast.'  Forcing a sweat  by  placing a patient
before the fire or putting him in a  dry bath.
   PAKORA'SIS,  from pnra, and  opaw, 'I see.'
 Perversion  of  sight,  which prevents the person
from judging accurately  of  the colour of objects.
Achromatop'sin.   Hallucination.—Galen
   PARORCHID'IUM.  from para, 'something
wnniLr,' and op^is,  o/jy^Aos, ' testicle.' Any position
of one or both testicles, different from that which
they ought to occupy in  the  scrotum: — whether
they may not have descended through the abdo-
minal ring, or are drawn up to the groins by the
cremaster  muscle.
  PAROR'CIIID 0-ENTEROCE'LE,  Hernia
paror'chido-enter'ica.   Internal  hernia compli-
cated with displacement  of  the testicle. — Sau-
vages.
  PAROSMIA, Anosmia.   Also,  perversion  of
smell; Pnrasthe'sin olfacto'ria, O/fac'tus depra-
va'tns, Idiosyncru'sia olj'aeto'ria, from para, and
oapn, ' odour.'
  PAROS'TIA,  from  rapa,  'defectively,'  and
oareov, ' a bone.'  Bones untempered in their sub-
stance,  and incapable of affording  proper sup-
port.— Good.
  Parostia Flexilis, Mollities ossium—p. Fra-
gilis, Fragilitas ossium.
  PAROTIA, Cynanche parotidaea.
  FARQT'I]),Gland'iiltiparotide'a seu ad Aures,
Paro'tis, Animella, A/irnella, Lacticin'ia; from
para, and  ovs, ottos,  ' the  ear.'  Tbe largest of
the  salivary glands, seated  under  the ear,  and
near the angle of the lower jaw.   It is composed
of many separate lobes, giving rise  to  excretory
ducts, which unite to form one  canal, called the
Parotid duct, Steno's canal,—the Ductus superior
or Superior salivary canal, of some.  This  duct,
after having advanced  horizontally  into the sub-
stance ofthe cheek, proceeds through an opening
in the buccinator muscle, and  terminates in the
mouth opposite the second upper molaris.  About
the  middle of its  course, it sometimes receives
the  excretory  duct of a glandular  body, situate
in its vicinity, and called the Ac'cessory Gland
ofthe Parotid. So'ciu Parot'idis, Gland'ula so'cia
parot'idis.  In tbe substance of the parotid are
found—a number of branches of the facial nerve,
of  the transverse  arteries of  the face, and the
posterior auricular.  It  receives, also, some fila-
ments from  the  inferior  maxillary nerve, and
from the ascending branches  of the superficial
cervical plexus.  Its lymphatic vessels are some-
what numerous,  and pass into ganglions situate
at its surface or behind the angle of the jaw.
The parotid secretes saliva, and pours it copiously
into the mouth.
  Parotid, Accessory Gland of  the, see Pa-
rotid.
  Parotid Aponeurosis.  A  sheath of great
thickness,  continuous,  below, with  the cervical
fascia.   It forms a frame-work to the parotid by
means of fibrous prolongations from its deep sur-
face.  Its density accounts for the pain of paro-
titis, and for the  difficulty with which pus makes
its way to  tbe surface.
  Parotid Arteries, see Parotid — p. Duct, see
Parotid — p. Veins, see Parotid.
  PAROTIDE,  Parotis.
  PAROTIDE'AN, Parotida'us, (F.) Parotidien.
Belonging or relating to the parotid.
  PAROTIDITIS, Cynanche parotidaea, Parotis.
  PAROTIDON'CUS, Tumorparo'tidis,T. Glan'.
dula parotide'a, from parotis, and  oyKos, 'a tu-
mour.'  Swelling of the parotid.
  PAROTIS, Phleg'mone pnrotide'a, Infiamma'-
tio paro'tidiim, Cynnn'clie pnrotida'n, Paroti'tie,
Parotiditis, Dioseu'ri, (F.) Parotide, is the name
of a tumour seated under the ear; which is  red-
dish, hard, and attended with obtuse  pain ; the
progress to suppuration being slow and difficult.
Sometimes it  is of a malignant character, slough-
in tr. and long protracted.  Some French patholo-
gists restrict  the tertii  parotide to symptomatic
parotitis — as  to  that  which  occurs in  plague;
 whilst  they apply the  terms Ordllons or Ourles,
 Parotoucies, to Cynanche parotidica or Mumps.
   Parotis Contagiosa, Cynanche parotidaea —
 p.  Epidemica, Cynanche  parotidma—p. SenxjO 
PAROTITIS
682
PARTURITION
glutine tuinens, Cynanche parotidaea—p.  Spuria, I
Cynanche parotidaea.
  PAROTITIS, Cynanche parotidaea, Parotis— I
p. Epidemica, Cynanche parotidaea — p. Erysipe-
latosa,  Cynanche  parotidaea — p.  Polymorpha,
Cynanche  parotidaea — p.  Specifica,  Cynanche
parotidaea.
  PAROTONCIES, see Parotis.
  PAROVA'RIUM, properly  Paroa'rion ;  Cor-
pus'cnlum con'icum Rosen mulled, from para, and
tvaptov, 'the ovary.'  A  body closely analogous in
structure to the epididymis,  which is  seated be-
tween the Fallopian tube and  the  ovary in the
broad ligament.  The  Corpus Wolffianum  con-
curs in its formation. — Kobelt.
   PAROXYNTIC, Paroxyn'ticus^ (F.) Paroxyn-
tique, from irapo^vvto, ' I excite.'  Relating  to  a
paroxysm.
   Jours paroxyntiques  are days on  which parox-
ysms take place.
   PAR'OXYSM,  Paroxys'mus, from  rrapo^vvur,
(irapa, and  ol-wtiv, 'to  render sharp.')   T irri-
tate;' Im'petus, Instiltus,  Inva'sio, Exacerba'tio,
Acces'sio, Acces'sus, (Old  Eng.) Axes, (F.) Ex-
acerbation, Redoublernent, Acces. The augmenta-
tion which supervenes  at equal or unequal inter-
vals in the symptoms  of acute diseases.  Also, a
periodical exacerbation or fit of a disease.
   PAROXYS'MAL, Paroxysma'lis;  same ety-
mon.  (F.) Paroxystique.   Of or belonging to a
paroxysm;—as  a paroxysmal day, (F.)  Jour
paroxystique; a  day on which a paroxysm  of
disease occurs.
   PAROXYSM US  FEBRILIS, Pyrexia.
   PARONYSTIQUE, Paroxysmal.
   PARS, Genital  organs — p.  Corporis,  Genital
organs — p. Inferior Pedis, Sole — p. Intermedia,
see Corpus spongiosum urethrae—p. Mastoidea
of Temporal Bone, Mastoid process — p.  Natu-
ralis medicina?, Physiology—p. Obscoena, Genital
organs—p. Petrosa, see Temporal Bone—p. Prima
aspera?  arteria?, Larynx — p. Pyramidalis  ossis
temporis, see Temporal Bone — p. Squamosa, see
Temporal Bone — p. Urethrae raembranacea, see
 Urethra — p. Vaga, Pneumogastric — p. Virilis,
Penis.
   PARSLEY, COMMON, Apium petroselinum—
p.  Fool's, .iEthusa  cynapium — p.  Macedonian,
 Bubon  Macedonicum—p. Mountain, black, Atha-
 manta  aureoselinum — p. Poison. Conium  macu-
latum— p.  Spotted, Conium maculatum — p. Wa-
ter, Cicuta maculata.
   PARSNEP,  COW,   Heracleum  spondylium,
 Heracleum lanatum—p. Crow, Leontodon  tarax-
 acum—p. Garden, Pastinaca sativa—p. Meadow.
 Thaspiura Barbinode — p. Water, common, Sium
 latifolium.
   PART, see Parturition—p. Ligitime et ille-
gitime, see Parturition.
   PARTES GENERATIONI  INSERVIEN-
 TES, Genital organs — p. Genitales,  Genital  or-
 gans— p. Laterales nasi, Scapulae nasi — p. Ner-
 vosa, see Nerve — p. Obscoena?, Genital organs.
   PARTHENEIA, Virginity.
   PARTHENIUM FEBRIFUGUM, Matricaria
 — p. Mas, Tanacetum.
   PARTHENTUS (Morbus);  from iraodevos, 'a
 virgin.'   A  disease in a young  female.   Also,
 chlorosis.
   PARTHENOGENESIS, 'virgin birth ;' from
 rapdtvos. 'a  virgin,'  and   ytvtais,  'generation.'
 Trie successive production  of procreating indi-
 viduals  from a single ovum, without any renewal
 pf fertilization. — Owen.
   PARTHENOL'OGY,   Parthenolog" ia,   from
iraudevtta, 'virginity,'  and Xoyos, 'n description.'
A description or consideration of the state of vir-
ginity in health or dr-mse.
  PARTHENUS, Virgin.
  PARTIALIS, Local.
  PARTICLES,  PRIMITIVE, OF MUSCLES,
Sarcous Elements.
  PARTICULiE SANGUINIS, Globules of tho
blood.
  PARTIES, LES,  Genital  organs—;?.  Gini-
tales, Genital organs —p. Honteuses,  Genital or-
gans— p. Ginitoires, Genital organs-—/,. Naln-
relles, Genital organs—jr. Sables,  Genital organs
— p. Sexuelles, Genital organs.
  PARTIO, Parturition.
  PARTRIDGE-BERRY, Gaultheria, Mitchella
repens.
  PARTS, THE, Genital organs.
  PARTURA, Parturition.
  PARTU'RIENT. Partn'riens, from parturire,
parturitum, itself from pnrere,  'to bring forth.'
Bringing forth, or about to bring forth, or having
recently brought forth young.
  The Parturient, Puer'perous,  Childbed or Ly-
ing-in or Lying-down state, Confinement, Puerpe'-
ritim, generally comprises the period  from partu-
rition  to  perfect recovery,  which is usually  a
month.  In the north of England this is called
the steg-month, requires careful management, and
is subject to various diseases.
   A Partu'rient or Parturifa'cieut is a medicine
which induces or promotes labour; as ergot, and,
perhaps borate of soda.   See Abortive.
   PARTURIFACIENT, Parturient.
  PARTURIGO, Parturition.
  PARTURIT'ION, Puerpe'rium, Partus, Par-
tio,  Parturit"io,  Parturi' go,  Partu'ra. Tocos,
 To'cetos,  Texis,  Lochia,  Apocye'sis, Maeti'sis,
Maieu'sis,  Nego'tium seu Actus  parturitin'uis,
Enix'its seu  Em'x'io seu Expnl'sio fu-tfis, ApoV-
ysis, Status parturien'di, Deliv'ery, Labour, Child-
bearing, Child-birth, Birth,  Trav'rtil,  (Sc.) Child-
ill, Crying, Crying out, (F.) Accouchement, Couche,
 Travail d'Enfant, Enfantement. Same etymon as
Parturient. The act of delivery of the foetus and
its  appendages, also the state  during and imme-
diately after  delivery—Childbed, (Sc.) Gizzcn-
bed, Gizzen, see  Parturient.   Labour is the ne-
cessary consequence of conception,  pregnancy,
and the completion  of gestation.  It does not
take place, at the full time, until after nine months
of utero-gestation,—the causes producing it being
■ the contraction  of the uterus and  abdominal
muscles.   By  different  authors,  the stages  of
labour  have been variously divided.  We  may,
perhaps, admit of four.  The first stage comprises
the precursory  signs.  One, two, or three  days
before labour, a mucous discharge, streaked with
blood,  takes  place from  the  vagina, which  is
called the Signum, Leucorrhve'a  Nabo'thi, Hamor-
rhag" ia Nabothi, Labour-show, or  Show; and,
along with this, trifling grinding pains, called by
 the French Mouches, are felt in the loins and ab-
 domen.   Second stage:—Peculiar pains, which
 extend frora  the  lumbar  region  towards the
 uterus ;  tension  and dilatation of the neck nnd
 orifice of that organ ; protrusion  into tbe vagina
 of tbe envelopes of the foetus, forming the bag nf
 waters, (F.) Poche des eaux ; and rupture  or
 breaking of the waters.  Third singe :—Contrac-
 tions  of  the uterus  and  abdominal   muscles;
 forcing pains; the head ofthe foetus  becomes en-
 gaged in  the pelvis : the occiput being commonly
 situate above the left acetabulum, passes beneath
 the arch  of the pubis.   Fourth stnge:—the head
 now presents  at the vulva, the perineum  being 
PARTURITION
683
PARTURITION
considerably distended ; at length  it clears the
external parts, and the rest of the body is easily
disengaged.  The child still continues attached to
the mother by the umbilical  cord, which has to
be divided.  In the course of fifteen or  twenty
minutes, trifling pains occur, and the secundines
are expelled.  This completes  delivery—the birth,
(F.) Naissance of  the child.   In  by  far the
majority of cases, the head is  the presenting part,
the occiput directed anteriorly, and the face pos-
teriorly.   Of 12,0:5.'! children, born  at the  Hos-
pital  La  Mn/eriiiti, in Paris, from  the 10th  of
December, 17'JT, to the 31st of July, 1806, the
following were the presentations:
  The head, with the face posteriorly... 12,120
  The head anteriorly.......................     63
  The breech...................................    198
  The feet......................................    147
  The knees....................................      3
  Other positions..............................    102

                                       12,633

  The following table, drawn up from data  fur-
nished by  Velpeau, gives an  approximate view
of the comparative number  of presentations, ac-
cording to  the experience ofthe individuals men-
tioned :
TABLE, EXHIBITING THE RATIO OF PRESENTATIONS IN 1000 CASES.
Iteirular or of the vertex....
I. Oecipitn-antrrior............
a. Occipito-cotyfoid (left)....
        Do.      (right).
b. Occipito pubian............
11. Occipi to-posterior..........
a. Fronto-cotyloid (left).....
b.       Do.     (right) ..
Face presentation..............
Mentoiliac (right).............
Of the pelvis....................
Of the foot ......................
Of the knees....................
Of the breech....................
Of the trunk  ...................
Requiring Forceps.............
   "     Turning............
   "     Cephalotomy.....
			ACCORDING TO				
			Madame			Hospital	
man.		Boivin.	Lacha-pelle.	Nagele.	Lovati.	of Hie Faculte.	Boer.
924	944	969	933	933	911	980	
908		944 760 179 029 9-4 5-3 4-4	910 717 209 9 7-3 2-9		805 537		
22	2-6	3-6	4-6 26				8-8
36	28	29	36	47			29
12-7	9-4	019	14 0.40				10-3
23	13	18 4-6	22 5-3	4-8			19
6-6	4-7	4-6	3-4	36			5-7
16	4-7		7-8	7-2			5-9
33	5-2	4-77	053	24			1-5
  Labour has received different names, according
to the period of pregnancy at which it occurs, and
the mode in which it takes place.   It is called
miscar'riage or  abor'tion, prior  to  the  seventh
month ; prein'ature labour, Omotoc'ia, Partus pra-
cox seu  pramatu'rus,  between  this and  eight
months and a half; and labour at the full period,
(F.) Accouchement  a  terme, when it happens at
the end of  nine months.  Labours have likewise
been variously divided by different authors.  Per-
haps the one into  Nat'ural, Pretcrnat'in-al, and
Labo'rious, is as common as any; — natural. La-
bour meaning  that which would occur without
manual  assistance ;  preternatural, requiring the
assistance of art,  but by  the  hand  solely: and
laborious or instrumental, requiring instrumental
assistance; which M.  Capuron calls Accouchement
Michanique.  Poicerless labour,  the Inertie par
epnisement  of  Madame Lachapelle,  is  that  in
which the muscular powers from  exhaustion are
unnble to accomplish such delivery.
  Forced labour or parturition,  (F.)  Accouche-
ment ou Avortement piovoqui, is labour or abortion,
induced  by art.  AVhen  labour  is  accompanied
with other phenomena  of a deranging character,
it is said to be complicated.  M'hen the child, even
when reduced  in size, cannot pass, it  is termed
imprnc'ticable,  <fec.   See Dystocia.
  The French  use the  term Part,  Partus, at
times, synonymously  with delivery;  at others,
with fictus,  Jiaieu'ma,  JIaeu'ma.   Suppression
de part  means concealment of  delivery:   Part
legitime,  a  fcetus which  comes into the world with
the con lition necessary for its enjoying advan-
tages granted  by  law ; and Part il/igitime, one
that  does not fall under those conditions.
TABLE  OF THE  COURSE AND MANAGEMENT  OF  DIFFERENT KINDS OF
                                    LABOURS.
I.  Natural Labours.
IIfmi Pnr.srM
(four Positio.
Occiput tmvards the Left
Acetabulum.
Occiput Uru-ards the Sight
Acetabulum.
Ocn'put towards the Right
Sacro-iliac Symphysis.
Occiput towards the  Left
Sacro-iliac Symphysis.
those in which Delivery can be effected without Assistance.
                        The head with the chin bent upon the breast clears the
                          brim of the pelvis.  .Motion of rotation produced by the
                          inclined planes of the pelvis: the occipital protuberance
                          is carried behind the symphysis pubis, and the face
                          towards the hollow of the sacrum.
                        The head attains the outlet: clears it; the occiput being
                          first disengaged,  and the face afterwards, which passes
                          successively along the whole of the hollow of  the
                          sacrum. The  shoulders enter the brim diagonally;
                          and execute the movement  of rotation.  The  one be-
                          hind first clears  the outlet. The same thing occurs
                          with the nates.
                        The same course is here followed: except that after the
                          rotary movement, the face passes behind the symplnsis
                          pubis, and the occiput into the  hollow of the sacrum.
                          The occiput is first extruded ;—the face next.
                        When the chin  presents and  is turned  forwards,  the
                          face is first expelled; the head  is thrown backwards.
                          This presentation is uncommon.  If the chin  present
                          and be thrown backwards, natural delivery cannot be
                          effected. 
PARTURITION
684
PARTURITION
Natural Labours.—Continued.
Lower  Extremi-
  ty  Presenting.
(Four Positions of
  tlie  Feel, Knees,
  and Breech.)
1.  Heel. Tibia, or Sacrum to-
   wards t/ie left Acetabulum.
2. Heel. Tibia, or Sacrum to-
  wards lite Rigid Acetabu-
  lum.

3. Heel, Tibia, or Sacrum to-
  wards  the Right  Sacro-
  iliac Symphysis.
4. Heel. Tibia, or Sacrum to-
  wn rtls the Left Sacro-iliac
   Symphysis.
The nates enter the brim diagonally: movement of rota-
  tion : the one pusses behind the symphysis  pubis; the
  other towards the hollow of the sacrum.  The one be-
  hind is first extruded.
The same thing happens to the shoulders. The chin  is
  bent upon  the chest to clear the brim: movement of
  rotation:  the occiput passes behind  the  symphysis
  pubis, and the face towards the hollow of the sacrum.
  The face clears the outlet first; the occiput last.

The  same progress, except that after the movement of
  rotation, the face is towards the pubis,  and  the occiput
  towards the sacrum.   The face is here  again delivered
  first.
Presentation  on  the
Head,  Upper  Extremi-
ties,  Back,  Abdomen,
&c.
II. Preternatural Labours,
Or those which require Manual Assistance only.
 1. When the labour is without any serious complication, and the head is not
   in a good position at the brim of tbe pelvis, endeavours are  to be made to
   place it in its natural position: the hand to be introduced with the fingers
   united, and the long diameter of the  head to be placed diagonally  in the
   brim,  if possible.  Or the lever may be fixed over the occiput, and, by draw-
   ing it  down, a closer approximation of the  chin and chest may be effected;
   the position of the head to the pelvis being at the same time attended to.
 2. If complicated with syncope, convulsions, hemorrhage, want of uterine
   action, &c, the feet must be laid hold of, and the child turned.  For this
   purpose, empty the  rectum and bladder; and  turn, if possible, prior to the
   escape of the liquor amnii.  The female  may  be placed  on her back or left
   side, with the breech over the edge of the bed.  Use the right or  left hand,
   according as the feet of the  child are to the right or left side of the pelvis;
   always so introducing the hand, that the child shall be in its  palm, and the
   back of the hand opposed to the inner surface of the uterus.  The hand and
   arm to be introduced during an interval of pain: and they must be flattened
   and tranquil whilst the uterus is contracting forcibly.  If both feet cannot
   be readily brought down, seize one, and tie a fillet around it.
 3. If the toes point to the vertebral column, or to the abdomen of the mother,
   the head, in its descent, will not enter the pelvis:  the chin  and occiput will
   be hitched on the pubis and promontory of the sacrum.   In such case, grasp
   the nates as soon as they have passed  the os externum ; and, during a pain,
   endeavour to direct the toes towards either sacro-iliac synchondrosis.  When
   the fingers can be passed along the body of the child, and over the shoulders
   to the bend of the elbows, draw down the arms successively.  When the body
   is expelled, and the  head filling up the brim, the termination of labour must
   be accelerated  by passing two fingers over the shoulder  of the child; using
   moderate and steady extracting power, whilst one finger of the other hand,
   passed into the mouth, depresses the chin on the sternum.  In this way, the
(_  head  may be extracted.
General Observations.
                                  III. Instrumental Labours,


                   Or those requiring the Assistance of appropriate Instruments.


                            If the pains become feeble, or inadequate from any cause;—or if the presenting
                              part be firmly wedged in the pelvis; or the woman be becoming exhausted,
                              instrumental assistance may be required,  In all such cases, place the female
                              on the back or left side, empty the bladder and rectum;  wait till the os uteri
                              is in a fit state; afford assistance during the pains; introduce the instrument
                              during the intervals between the pains: have the patient  on  her left side
                              (generally); and extract according to the axes of brim and outlet, as the case
                            ,  may lie.
                           [ Apply these to the sides of the head of the child, so that the ears and parietal
                              protuberances may be within  the fenestra?.   Introduce the left-hand blade
                              first: the index and middle fingers of the right  hand guiding  it to the ear.
                              With the right hand pass the other in  an opposite line, corresponding with
                              the course of the first blade, guided by the fore and middle fingers ofthe left
                              hand; the third and little fingers being employed to retain  the left-hand blade
                              in place; humour the  instrument so as to allow the blades to lock.  The
                              handles  may now be tied gently together.  The-force used  must be from blade
                            t  to blade, with a gentle, tractile effort.
                            ' Applicable where the head does not enter the brim. The long forceps must be
                              applied,  in most cases,  over the occiput and face of the  child, so that the
                              convex  edges of the  blades  may be  towards  the hollow of the  sacrum,
                              When used, the power may be exerted from side  to  side, with  moderate
                              traction.
                             The lever is applicable to  the same cases as the forceps.  It must not be used
                              strictly as a lever, but as a hook with which to draw downwards.  It may be
                              applied to any part of the head, but is generally hitched on the occiput.
                             In certain  cases of breech and knee presentation, where the hand is insufficient,
4.  Fillet and Blunt nook......■{  it may be necessary to pass over  the joint a fillet, or the blunt hook, with
                              which to exert some force  of traction.  The operation is very simple.
1. Short Forceps.
1. Long Forceps.
3. Lever or Veetis. 
PARTURITION,  DRY          685                PASSIVE
Embrtulcia .
Symphysotomy  and
  sarean Section.
Cm-
Separation  op  the  IIfad
  op the f(etus from the
  Body.
Inthvtion
  Labour.
op  Premature
  Instrumental Labours.—Continued.

 Disproportionate size of head, or distorted or deformed pelvis, may require the
   child to be destroyed, and its bulk lessened;  or the Caesarean section or sjni-
   physotomy, or the induction of premature labour may be called for.
 The instruments required here, are the Porfnrator. Crotchet, and Craniotomy
   Forceps.  Make a steady pressure on the abdomen; pass two fingers  of the
   left hand up to the head: feel for a suture or fontanelle; introduce the per-
   forator and bore through, until the progress  of the instrument is arrested by
   its shoulders.  Open the handles, and turn the instrument in different direc-
   tions, so that the opening may be large enough to admit the perforator, with
   which the brain must be broken down.
 If, after this, delivery cannot be accomplished  without further aid, pass  up the
   craniotomy forceps; open the handles  slightly, and introduce the blade
   without teeth  within the cranium.  On closing the forceps, ahold is obtained;
   and a tractile  force can now be exerted during the pains, and the extrusion
   of the child be effected.
 Should great difficulty exist at the brim, the bones at the top of the head may
   have to be removed, until the  base alone remains.  The chin must then be
   brought through first.
 The crotchet is often used instead of the craniotomy forcep3. being passed into
   the opening made by the perforator, aud  hooked upon some bony projection
   in the interior of the skull; but it is not a good instrument.  In presentations
   of the face demanding perforation of the cranium, the perforator should be
   introduced just above the nose, in the sagittal suture.
 When it is necessary to open the head after the lower extremities have been
L.  expelled, the perforation must be made behind the ear.
f In cases of great narrowness of the pelvis, the operation of Symphysotomy has
<    been adopted  by French practitioners,—rarely by British or American ; and,
I   in extreme cases, recourse has been had to the Crrsare.an Section.
  If the body of the fcetus has been forcibly separated, aud the  head  left in the
    uterus, it must be laid hold of with one hand, and the forceps be applied ; or
    the head be opened and delivered, as under embryulcia.  Should  the head
    have  been brought away, and  the body left behind, the feet must be brought
    down.
" In cases of narrowness ofthe pelvis, where the foetus, at the full term,  cannot
    be born alive, delivery may be brought about at an earlier period, or as soon
    as  the child is  capable  of carrying on  its  functions independently  of the
    mother.
  The most advisable plan for accomplishing this object is merely to pass the
I    finger round and round within the os and cervix uteri, so as to detach the
    decidua:—the membranes being thus left entire, and the life ofthe child not
    so much endangered, as where the membranes are punctured, and the waters
    evacuated.  Parturition usually follows within forty-eight hours.
  The  laying of eggs by animals is termed, in
French, ponte.  The term has been applied to the
periodical discharge—ponte periodiqne. — of ova,
(F.) Chute des (Eufs, which  is supposed to take
place from the ovaries at each menstrual period.
  PARTURITION, DRY. Partus siccus.
  PARTURIUM VANUM,  Fausse couche.
  PARTUS, Parturition —p. Abactio,  Abortion
— p. Abactus, Abortion—p. Ctosareus,  Cesarean
section — p. Difficilis, Dystocia — p. Laboriosus,
Dystocia, Laborious  labour — p.  Praeeox, Partu-
rition (premature)—p.  Prsematurus, Parturition
(premature)—p. Serotinus, Opsiotocia.
  Partus  Siccus,  Dry labour  or parturition.
Labour, which  is neither preceded nor  attended
by a discharge  of the liquor amnii.
  PARU'LIS, from  para, and ovXov, 'the gum.'
Aposte'ina parulis seu paroulis, Phleg'mone  Pa-
r.tlis,  Gum  Boil,  Alve'olar abscess.  Small ab-
scesses are so called which  generally form in the
alveoli  and involve  the gums, sometimes with-
out any known cause,  but which  often  depend
upon carious teeth.
  PARU'RIA.  from  para, and ovptor, ' I pass
urine.'   Morbid secretion or discharge of urine.
  Paimmua  Incontinens, Enuresis — p. Inconti-
nens nquosa. see Diabetes—p.  Inops,  Ischuria,
false —p. Mellita. Diabetes — p.  Retentionis, Is-
churia—p. Retentionis  renalis, Ischuria—p. Re-
tentionis vesicalis, Retention of  urine — p. Stil-
latitia, Strangury — p. Stillatitia mucosa, Cystir-
rhcea.
  PARVTTAS  MORBOSA  PARTIUM   0R-
OANIOARUM. Microtesia.
  PAR'YGRON. from para, and 'vypos, 'humid.'
A liquid or  moist preparation for allaying topical
inflammation.
  PAS D'ANE. Tussilago.
  P\SMA.  Catapasma.
  PaSQUE  FLOWER, Anemone Pulsatilla.
  PASSA, Paronychia.
  PASSiE  CORINTHIACiE,  see  Yitis Corin-
thiaca.
  PASSAGES,  DIGESTIVE, Ways,  digestive
—p. Second, Wavs. second.
  PASSAMBIO.Rio vinaigro.
  PASSE-PIERRE, Crithmum maritimum.
  PASSER AGE, Iberis amara—p. Sauvage, Car-
damine pratensis.
  PASSIBILITY, GREAT. Hvperassthesis.
  PASSIFLO'RA LAURIFO'LIA, Bay-leared.
Passion Flower.   Ord.  Passifloreae.   A native
of Surinam.  The fruit has a delicious smell and
flavour, and quenches  thirst,  abates heat of the
stomach,  increases the appetite, &c.
  PassiflORA Mai.ifor'mis, Apple-shaped Gra-
nadil'la.   The fruit of this  species is esteemed a
delicacy in the West Indies,  where it is served
up at table in desserts.
  Some of the genus are said to possess narcotio
and emetic properties.
  PASSIO, Disease,  Passion—p.  .iEmoptoica,
Haemoptysis—p. Cadiva, Epilepsy—p. Cardiaca,
Cardialgia — p. Coeliaca,  Cceliac flux — p. Chole-
rica, Cholera—p. Felliflua, Cholera—p.  Ilaemop-
toica,  Haemoptysis — p.  Hypochondriac,!, Hypo-
chondriasis— p. Hysterica,  Hysteria—p. Iliaca,
Heus—p. Ischiadic.!, Neuralgia femoro-poplitaea
— p. Pleurition,  Pleuritis—p. Stomachica. Dys-
pepsia— p. Ventriculosa, Coeliac flux—p. Vouii-
coflua.  Phthisis pulmonalis.
  PASSION, Pas'sio, An'imi Pathe'ma, Affec'tus,
Emo'tio, from potior,passus, 'to suffer.' An active
affection  or emotion of the mind;  as rage,  ter-
ror, love, hatred, &c.
  Passion Flower, Bay-leaved, Pnssifloralau-
rifolia—/?. Hi/stiriqne, Hysteria—p. Iliac, Ileus.
  PASSIONES  ANIMI, Affections ofthe  mind.
  PASSIVE, Passi'rus.   Same etymon  as  Pas-
sion.  An epithet for diseases which seem owing 
PASSUL.E  MAJORES         68
R
PATELLA
to a greater or less diminution of the strength,
or which are without apparent reaction.  Thus,
passive hemorrhages are such as supervene in
debilitated individuals,  or  under  conditions in
which increased action ofthe arteries can scarcely
he presumed.   The term passive  has, also, been
piven to aneurisms of the heart with extenuation
ofthe parietes; in opposition to active aneurisms,
with thickness of the parietes — hypertrophy.
  PASSULjE MAJORES,  see Vitis  vinifera —
p. Miuores, see Vitis Corinthiaca.
  PASSULA'TUM, (Uva passa,  'raisins, dried
grapes.')  A medicine in which the pulp of raisins
is a chief ingredient.
  PASSY, MINERAL WATERS OF.  This vil-
lage is  in the vicinity of Paris There are seve-
ral springs, containing sulphates  of lime,  iron,
and  magnesia, alum, common salt, carbonate of
iron,  carbonic acid, <fec.   They are employed as
a tonic and astringent.
  PASTA DE ALTHAEA, Paste, marshmallow
— p.  Amygdalina, Confection  (almond) — p. de
Dactylis,  Paste, date — p. Emulsiva,  Confection
(almond) — p. de  Jujubis, Paste of jujubes—p.
Regia,  Confection (almond).
  Pasta  Glycyrrhi'z.* Gumma'ta et Anisa'ta
seu Massa de extracto glycyrrhiza.  A compound
of extract of liquorice, gum Senegal, sugar, Flo-
rence orris-root, and volatile oil of aniseed.   De-
mulcent.
  Pasta Zinci Chlo'ridi, (F.) Pate de Canquoin,
Paste of  Chloride of Zinc, Canquoin's  Caustic
Paste.  This paste is  made of three strengths,
consisting, respectively,  of chloride  of zinc,  1
part; wh eaten flour, parts 4, 3 and  2 ;  water suffi-
cient to make a paste.   This caustic destroys the
part in a direct  ratio with the thickness of the
layer applied.
  PASTE, Pasta, (F.) Pdte.  A viscid, tenacious
mixture.  Also, a compound  medicine,  like the
pastil, but less consistent,  flexible, less saccha-
rine,  and  more mucilaginous.
  A convenient paste for attaching labels to glass,
or for other services, is  made of gum tragacanth
and water, to which alum is added. This the author
always keeps by him. Another form is to make a
solution of Gnm Arabic,  ^j,  boiling water, f^ij,
and glycerin, f^ij ; and another is made by mixing
powdered Gum  Arabic, and powdered tragacanth,
of each gss, water, f^iss, acetic acid, ir^xx.
  Paste,  Cagliari, see  Turunda?  Italicae.
  Paste  op   Chloride of Zinc,  Pasta Zinci
chloridi.
  Paste,  Date, Massa  seu Pasta de dac'tylis.
Composed of dates, sugar, gum Arabic, water, and
orange-flower water.—Ph. P.  Demulcent.
  Paste of Iceland Moss, Pasta Liche'nis, (F.)
Pdte  de lichen.  A paste made  by boiling lichen
Islandicus to  a proper consistence, and adding
gum Arabic and sugar.
  The Pate de  Lichen opiacie  contains opium in
addition ; about Jd of a grain to an ounce.
  Paste,  Italian, see Turundae Italicae.
  Paste of Ju'jubes, Pasta de ju'jubis, Massa
de zizypho' rum fructil, (F.) Pdtede Jujube.  Com-
posed  of jujubes, gum Senegal, sugar, water,  and
tincture of lemon-peel.  Demulcent.
  Paste,   Marshsial'i.ow,  Massa  de  gummi
Arab'ica,  Pasta de  altha'd, (F.)  Pdte de Gni-
nianve.  A compound of gum Arabic, sugar, white
"f e!l'.h an<^ orange-flower  water.—Ph. P.  It is
demulcent.
  Paste,  Tooth,  Dentifricium — p. Vienna, see
Powder, Vienna — p. AVard's,  Confectio  piperis
nigri.
  PASTEL, Isatis  tinctoria.
  PASTEQUE, Cucurbita  citrullus.
  PASTIL, Pastil'lus, Diocres, Avic'ula Cip'ria,
 Cande'la fitma'lis, Phthois, Phtliois'cns.  A  com-
 pound of aromatic substances in various shapes;
 used  as a  fumigating material  when set fire  to.
 See Fumigation.
   The French use the term Pastille, (L.) Pastil-
 Ins, for a  solid, dry, round,  oblong, square,  or
 triangular  compound, whose base is essential oil,
 and sugar  the excipient.  These pastilles are in
 fact   small  lozenges, and only  differ  from tbe
 tablette in  their smaller size.   They are termed,
 also,  Saccharolis so/ides.
   PASTILLE,  see Pastel.
   PASTILLES  DIGESTIVES   D'HAUTE-
 RIYE-VICH Y,  see Trochisci Soda! bicarbonntis
 —p. Fumigating, see Fumigation—p. tie Vichy,
 see Trochisci Sodae bicarbonatis.
   PASTILLI  DIGESTIVI   DABCETII,  see
 Trochisci  Sodae  bicarbonatis — p. Emetina?  Pec-
 torales, Trochisci emetina) pectorales.
   Pastil'li de  Mentha Piperi'ta, Peppermint
 drops.  (Sacch.  alb., aqua mentha pip., aq. des-
 stillat. aa^ij.  Boil to the consistence of an eleo-
 tuary.  Take of fine white sugar in powder, t^iv;
 volatile oil of peppermint,  q*x.  Mix,  nnd add
 the electuary whilst warm.   Drop it  then on
 marble, and dry the drops.—Ph. P.)
   PASTILLE'S,  Pastil.
   PASTINACA  ALTISSIMA,  P. opoponax—p.
 Anethum, Anethum  graveolens — p. Graveolens,
 Anethum graveolens—p. Opacn, P.  sativa.
   Pastina'ca Opop'anax.    Ord.  Umbelliferae.
 The name of the plant which  furnishes  the Opo-
 ponax.  The plant,  whence the gum resin is ob-
 tained, has, also, been called  Fer'ula opop'onnx
 seu apop'onax, Pastina'ca altiss'ima, Laserpil-
 ium seu Sellnum chiro'nium,  Opopana'cum. Pa-
 nax heracle'um seu costi'num, Pastina'cea, Kyna,
 Hercules-all-heal, Opop'anaxwort.
   Opoponax,  Opopana'cis gummi-resi'na, Gezir,
 Pop'aimx, Gummi Pana'cis, exudes from the roots
 when wounded.   Its odour is strong and pecu-
 liar;  taste, bitter and acrid.  It is met with  in
 the shops,  in  lumps  of a reddish-yellow colour,
 without; white within.  It has been recommend-
 ed as  an  antispasmodic and emmenagogue; but
 is seldom used.   Dose, gr. x. to Qj, in powder.
   Pastinaca Pratensis, P. sativa.
   Pastina'ca Sati'va, Elaphobos'cnm, Pastinaca
 sylves'tris  seu opa'ca seu praten'sis, Arte'thurn
 seu Seli'niim pastina'ca,  Ban'ica, Garden pnrs-
 nep, (F.) Panais,  The root is sweet and nutri-
 tious, and is in esteem as an  article of food.   It
 has been used  as  a diuretic and demulcent in cal-
 culous affections, &e.
  Pastinaca Sylvestris, P. sativa—p. Sylves-
 tris tenuifolia officinarum, Daucus carota.
  PAT ATE, Convolvulus batatas.
  PATCHOULI, Pogostemon  patchouli.
  PATE, Paste—p. Arsinicale, Arsenical paste
—p. de Canquoin, Pasta Zinci chloridi—/>. Caus-
tiqnede Vienne, Powder, Vienna—p. de Guiniauve,
 Paste, marshmallow —p. de  Jujube,  Paste of
Jujubes.
  PATEL'LA, Rot'nla, R. genu,  Epigon'ntis,Epi-
gon'tis, Aeromy'le, Epigon'nis  seu Epign'nis seu
Epigo'nis, Mola  seu Concha sen Oc'uhts seu Orbis
seu Scutum genu, Os scut if or'me seu disci forme
seu thyreoVdes, Supergenua'lis, Cuitealo'i'des, M//'-
 lacris, Myle, Gumbo, Olec'ranon  mob'ile, (Prov.)
 Cop bone,  (F.)  Rotate.   Diminutive of pntcrn,
 ' a boil,' so called from its shape.  A sort of sesa-
moid, flat, short,  thick, rounded bone, situate  in
 front of the knee, and enveloped in the substance
 of the tendon common to the extensor muscles
 of the leg.   The  posterior surface of the patella
 is divided  into  two  facettes,  united angularly,
 which are encrusted with cartilage, and each of
 which is articulated  with one  of the condyles of 
PATENCY  OF THE FORAMEN  OVALE  G8 7
PAVILION
the femur.  The patella is developed by a single
point  of ossification.   When the patella is frac-
tured, it is difficult to produce bony union.  This
can only be accomplished by keeping tbe frac-
tured  extremities closely in apposition.
  Patella, Cup — p. Fixa, Olecranon.
  PATENCY  OF  THE FORAMEN OVALE,
Bee Cyanopathy.
  PATENT MED'ICINE, Medeeine  brevetie ou
patentee, Remetle  breveti ou patents.  A  medici-
nal compound, for the sale of which the proposer
obtains  from  government an  exclusive privilege.
A specification of bis invention must be registered
in the Patent Office, and, hence, it differs frora
a secret medicine.
   PATER  OMNIUM VIVENTIUM,  Penis.
   PATERA DIOGENIS, Palm.
   PATE UN, Clammy.
   PATIIEMA, Affection, Disease.
   PATI1KMAT0L0GY, Pathology.
   PATHET'IC, Pathet'icus, from iraOtto,  ' I feel.'
 That  which moves the passions.   A name given
 h> the superior oblique muscle of the eye, and,
 also, to a nerve.
   Pathetic Muscle, Oblique superior of the eye.
   Pathetic Nerve, Nervus Pathet'icus  seu tro-
 ehlea'ris seu  trochleato'rins seu troch/ea'tor, the
 4th pair of nerves, Par i/ittirtum, (F.)  Octtlo-mus-
 culaire  interne (Ch.), Nerf  pathitique,  is tbe
 smallest encephalic nerve.  It arises  behind the
 inferior part of the tubercula quadrigemina (testes)
 at the lateral parts of the valvula Vieussenii.  Its
 roots  unite  into one thin round cord, which makes
 a turn upon the peduncles of the brain, and passes
 into a canal of the dura mater, near the posterior
 clinoid process.  It enters the orbit by the broad-
 est parts of the sphenoidal fissure, and terminates
 in the superior oblique muscle of the eye, by divi-
 ding into several filaments,
   PATH ET ISM, Magnetism, animal.
   PATHIC, Morbid.
   PATHICAL, Morbid.
   PATHICUS, Morbid.
   PAT1INE, Alveolus.
   PATHOGENETIC,  Pathngenet'icus,  Patho-
 gen'icus. Snuie etymon as Pathogeny. Relating
 to pathogeny.
   Pathogenetic  Physiology, Physiolog"ia pa-
 thngenet'ica.  That part of physiology which re-
 lates  to the origin of disease.
   PATHOGENICUS, Pathogenetic.
   PATHOG"ENY,  Pathogen'ia,  Nosogen'esis,
 Nnsogen'ia,  from iraSos, 'a disease,' and ytvtais,
 'generation.'    The  branch of  pathology which
 relates to the generation, production anddevelop-
ment  of disease.
   PATHOGNOMONIC, Pathognomon'iciis, Sig-
nuin eonjnnc'tum seu character-is'ticum seu morbi
essentia'le ;  from iraSos,  ' an affection,'  and  yi-
vtoaKor, ' I know.'   A characteristic symptom of a
disease.
   PATHOG'RAPIIY,  Pathogmph'ia, from Trn-
S-k. •disease,'  and  ypatfioi,  'I describe'   A de-
scription of disease.
   PATHOLOGIA.   Pathology— p.   Humoralis,
Huinorism — p. Solidaris, Solidism.
   PATIIOLOG"ICAL, Pathol.,,,"icus, Pathol'o-
gn»,  (V.) Pathologique.   Same  etymon  as pa-
thology.  Relating to pathology.   Often  used in
the sense of pathical.
   Pathological  Anatomy, see Anatomy.
  PATHOL'OGIST, Pathol'ogns.  Same etymon.
One versed in  pathology.
  PATHOL'OGY, Patliematol'ogy, Patholog"ia,
Pnthematolog"ia,  Patholog"iee,  from rra^os, ' a
disease,' and Xoyos,  ' a discourse.'  The branch
of medicine whose object is tbe knowledge of dis-
ease.  It has been defined diseased physiology,
and physiology of disease.  It is divided into ge-
neral and special.  The first  considers diseases
in common; — the second, the  particular  history
of each.  It is  subdivided into  internal and ex-
ternal, or medical and surgical.
  Pathology, Humoral, Humorism.
  PATHOMA'NIA,  Parapathla,  Moral  Insa-
nity, from na&os, 'a disease,' and mania. Ma'nia
sine  Deiir'io.  A morbid perversion of the  natu-
ral feelings, affections, inclinations,  temper,  ha-
bits,  moral  disposition,  and  natural  impulses,
without any remarkable disorder or defect of the
intellect, or knowing and reasoning faculties, and
particularly  without  any  insanity  or halluci-
nation.
  PATHOMYOTOMTA; from rados, 'affection,'
pvs  or pvorv, 'muscle,' and  roun,  'incision.'   The
title  of a work by Dr.  John Bulwer (1649), being
"a dissection of the significative muscles of  the
affections of the mind."
  PATHOPATRIDALGIA, Nostalgia.
  PATHOS, Affection, Disease.
  PATIENCE, Rumex  patientia — p.  d'Eau,
Rumex hydrolopathum — p. Garden, Rumex  pa-
tientia—^). Rouge, Rumex sanguineus—p. Sau-
vage, Rumex acutus.
  PATIENT, see Sick.
  PATIENT OF DEATH, Agony.
  PATIENTIA, Rumex patientia.
  PATIENTLE MUSCULUS, Levator scapula?.
  PATNE, Alveolus.
  PATOPATRIDALGIA, Nostalgia.
  PATOR  NA'RIUM.   The cavity or the open-
ing of the nostrils.
  PATRATIO, Ejaculation, (of sperm.)
  PATRINIA JATAMANSI, Nardus Indiea.
  PATTE D'OIE (F.),  'Goose's foot.' An apo-
neurotic expansion, which covers  the internal
surface of the tibia at  its upper part, and consists
of the expansion formed by the tendons of  the
sartorius, gracilis, and semi-tendinosus muscles.
  PATURSA, Syphilis.
  PAU, (CLIMATE OF.)  Pau  is the capital of
the department  of the Lower Pyrenees, and is
about  150  miles frora  Bordeaux, and 50 from
Bayonne.   The climate corresponds with that of
the  south-west of France generally:  its  great
quality is the comparative mildness  of its spring,
and  exemption  from cold winds.  It is regarded
as a favourable winter residence for invalids la-
bouring under  chronic affections of the mucous
membranes.  It is  too changeable  for the con-
sumptive; and to be avoided by the rheumatic.
  PAULLINTA.  This is an extract from a  plant
of the same name in  Brazil.  Itis prepared by
the  Indians, and appears to possess  excitant
powers.  In Brazil, and  the neighbouring coun-
tries, it is given in the form of tisane — the pow-
der being mixed with cocoa — in diarrhoea and
dysentery.   It has been employed also as a tonic.
An extract is prepared in Brazil from  Poullinia
sor-'bi/is, Ord. Snpindaceae, known  there  under
the name  of Gnarana, which  is  administered in
similar pathological cases.
  PA UME DE LA MAIN, Palm.
  PAUNCH, Ingluvies.
  PAUONTA, Sedatives.
  PA UPIERE, Palpebra.
  PAUSIME'NIA, frora -navats,  'cessation,'and
pnvts, ' menses.'  Cessation of  the menses.
  PAVANA WOOD, Croton tiglium.
  PAVANNE, Laurus sassafras.
  PAVILTON.  The French give the  name pa-
vilion, to the expanded extremity of a canal or
cavity,—for example,  of a, catheter,  sound, Ac.
  Pavilion  of the   Ear,  Auric'via,  Pinna,
O'tinm, Ala, (F.) Auricule ou Oricnfe, Pad/ton
de I'oi-eille, is seated behind the  cheeks, beneath 
PAVILLOX DE  L'OREILLE   G88     PECTORALIS INTERNUS
the temple, and anterior to the mastoid process.
Its size varies in individuals.   It is free above,
behind, and below.  Anteriorly and within, it is
continuous  with  the  neighbouring  parts.   Its
outer surface has several prominences, the Helix,
Anthelix, Tragus, Antitragus, and Lobe;  and se-
veral cavities—the groove  ofthe Helix, the fossa
vavicularis sen scaphoides, and the Concha.  The
skin which  covers  the pavilion is very fine, and
studded with a  number  of  sebaceous  follicles.
The auricle is fixed to  the  head by three fibro-
areolar  ligaments; — a superior,  anterior, and
 posterior.
   PA VILLON  DE L'OREILLE, Pavilion  of
the ear.— p. de la Trompe, see Tuba Fallopiana.
   PAVIMENTUM CEREBRI, Base ofthe
 brain.
   PAVINA, JEsculus hippocastanum.
   PAVITA'TIO,  Tremor; from pavitare, pari-
 tatum, 'to tremble from fear.'   Trembling  from
 fright.
   PAVOPHOBIA, Panophobia.
   PAYOR (L.),  Dread.  Great fright.  Pano-
 phobia.
   Pavo'res Noctur'ni seu Dormien'tium.  Fear
 during sleep.
   PA VO T, Papaver.
   PAW, Manus.
   PAWPAW, see Carica papaya.
   PAXWAX, see Nucha.
   PANYWAXY. see Nucha.
   PAZAHAR, Bezoar.
   PEA, Pisum — p. Garden, Pisum—p. Ground
 Squirrel, Jeffcrsoniana Bartoni—p. Hoary, Galega
 Virginiana—p.  Love,  Abrus precatorius—p. Nut,
 Arachis  hypogea,— p. Partridge, Cassia chamas-
 crista—p. Turkey, Galega Virginiana.
   PEACH BRANDY,  Amygdalus  Persica —p.
 Tree, Amygdalus Persica — p.  Wood, see Caesal-
 pinia.
   PEAGLE, Primula veris.
   PEAR, see Pyrus malus — p. Avocado, Persea
 gratissima.
   PEARL, Perla, Mar'garon,  Margarita,  Mar-
 gel'Uitm, Marge'lis, U'nio, (F.) Perle.  A round-
 ish  concretion of a silvery white colour, and bril-
 liant  polish,  found in  several  shells,  and  espe-
 cially in the Aide'ula  margaritif'era, which has,
 hence, been  called Mater perlarum, Margarita,
 and Mother of pearl, and is. much used in the
 fabrication of handles  for surgical instruments,
 &c.   Pearls  were  formerly  given in powder as
 astringents and antacids.  They consist  of lime
 and an animal matter.
   Pearl Ash, Potash of commerce.
   Pearl, Mother of, see Pearl—p. White, Bis-
 muth, subnitrate of.
   PEAU,  Cutis—p.  Divine, Condom.
   PEAUCIER. Platysma myoides.
   PECAN or PECCAN  NUT, see Hickory.
   PECCANT,  Peccans, from  peccare, 'to sin.'
 Morbid, not healthy.   An epithet given by the
 humourists to the humours when erring in quality
 or quantity.  See Materia Morbosa.
   PECHAN, Stomach.
   PECHEDEON, Perinaeum.
   PECHEGUERA.  A pulmonary affection  af-
 fecting children three or four months old in South
 America, which is promptly  fatal.
   PftCHER, Amygdalus Persica.
   PECIIIAGRA,  Pechyagra.
   PECHING. Anhelatio.
   PECHU'RIM seu PICTIU'RIM CORTEX.  A
 highly aromatic bark, the produce of a species of
 laurus.   It is extremely fragrant, like  cinnamon,
 which it greatly resembles in its properties.  In
 Portugal it is used in the cure of dysentery, &c.
 See Pichurim beans.
   PECH'YAGRA,  Pech'iagra, Ancon'agra, Pec-
tihagra, from  rriYuj,  'the elbow,' and aypa, 'a
seizure.'   Gout affecting the elbow.
  PECIIYS, Elbow.
  PECHYTYRBE, Porphyra nautica.
  PECKISH, Hungry.
  PECTE, Cheese.
  PEC'I'EN, Pubes.  Also, a comb.
  Pectkn  Dentium,  see Sepes — p.  Veneris,
Scandix cerefolium.
  PECTIIIAGRA, Pechyagra.
  PECTIN,  from  irnrcros, 'coagulated, curdled.'
A name given by Braconnot  to a principle which
forms  the basis of vegetable jelly.  It is exten-
sively  diffused  in  the juices  of pulpy  fruits and
roots, especially when they are mature; and oc-
casions these juices to coagulate when they are
mixed with  alcohol or boiled with sugar.
  It is the basis of one of the classes of elemen-
tary principles of Dr. Pereira—tbe pectinuceous.
  PECTINACEOUS, Pectinous.
  PECTINA'LIS, from  pecten,  pectinis,  'the
pubes;' Pectina'us, Mus'cuius liv'idns, Pectinn'-
tus, (F.) Pubio-fimorat, Suspubio-femoral (Ch.),
Pectini.   This muscle is situate at the inner nnd
upper  part of the thigh.  It  is long, flat, and tri-
angular;  is attached, above,  to  the  space which
separates the ileo-pectineal  eminence  from the
spine of the os pubis; and,  below, by a. flat ten-
don, to the oblique line which descends from tho
lesser  trochanter to the linea aspera.  The pecti-
nalis bends the thigh on the pelvis, and carries
it outwards in  adduction and rotation.  It  may
also hend the pelvis on the thigh.
  PECTINATED,  Pectina'tus,   Pectin'iforrn,
Pec'tinate,  (F.)  Pectini, from  pecteri, pectinis,
'a comb.'  Having the shape of tbe  teeth  of a
comb.
  Pectinated Muscles, Pectina'ti mns'culi. The
fascicular texture  observed in the right auricle
of the heart: — 3Ius'culi Auric'ula  Pectina'ti.
Their  main  use probably is — to prevent the over
dilatation of the auricles.
  PECTINATUS, Pectinalis.
  PECTINE, Pectinalis, Pectinated.
  PECTINEUS,  Pectinalis.
  PECTINIFORM, Pectinated.
  PECTINOUS, Pectiua'ee.us, Pectiuo'sus,  Pec
tina'ceous, from pectin.   Of  or belonging to pec-
tin or vegetable jelly,—as a pectinous  or pectino-
ceons vegetable principle.
  PECTORAL, from pectus,  pectoris,  'the
breast.'   Relating to the breast.   See  Pectorals,
   PECTORAL, GRAND, Pectoralis mnjor.
   PECTORALE, Corset.
   PECTORALIS  INTERNUS,  Triangularis
sterni.
   Pectoiia'lis Major, from pectus, pectoris, 'the
breast.'   Pectora'lis, Sterna - eleido - bracliia'lis,
(F.) Sterno-costo-clavio-humiral, Steruo-hiimeriil
(Ch.), Grand Pectoral.   A large, flat, triangular
muscle, situate at  the anterior part of the chest,
before  the  axilla.  It is attached,  on  the one
hand, by means of aponeurotic fibres, to the  inner
half of the anterior edge of the clavicle; to the
anterior surface of the sternum, and to the carti-
lages of the first six true ribs;—on  the other, by
a strong tendon, which is inserted at the anterior
edge of the bicipital groove of the humerus.   The
use of this  muscle is to move the arm in various
directions.   If it be hanging by the side of the
body, it carries it inwards and a little forwards.
When the arm is raised, it  depresses it and car-
ries it inwards.  It can, also, move  it  in rotation
inwards.   If the  humerus  be raised  and  fixed,
the pectoralis major draws the trunk towards tbe
upper extremity.
   Pectora'lis .Minor,  Serra'tus  anticus minor,
 (F.) Costo-coracoidien (Ch.), Petit Pectoral, Petit 
PECTORALS              689               PEDUNCLE
denteli, antirieur. This muscle is situate beneath
the preceding, at the  anterior and upper part of
the chest.   Itis flat and triangular; is attached
by its base, which appears digitated, to the upper
edge and  outer  surface of  the  3d, 4th, and 5th
true ribs, and is inserted at  the  anterior part of
the coracoid process.  The pectoralis minor draws
the scapula forwards and downwards, and makes
it execute a rotatory motion, by virtuo  of which
its inferior angle is  carried backwards, and the
anterior depressed.   When the shoulder is fixed,
it elevates the ribs to which it is attached, and
aids in the dilatation of the  chest.
   PECTORALS, Pectora'lia, Thorac'Uca.   Me-
dicines considered proper for relieving or remo-
ving affections of the chest.
   Pkctoral Drops,  Bateman's, consist  chiefly
of tincture of castor, with some camphor and opi-
um, flavoured by aniseed.  Gray gives the  follow-
ing formula:  Castor, t^j ; ol. anisi, t^j j  camph.
 5Jv ; cocci', 2|iss ; opii, !jvj ; proof spirit, a gallon.
   A form, advised by a committee of the Phila-
 delphia College of Pharmacy, is the following:—
 Alcohol, dil. cong. iv; Santal. rubr. ms. £j ; di-
gere per  boras  xxiv ; cola,  et  adde Pulv.  opii,
 Pulv. catechu, Camphora, aa 3ij ; Ol. anisi, £iv.
 Digest for ten days.
   PEOTORlIdiQUE, from pectus, pectoris,  'the
 chest,' and  loqui, ' to speak.'  One, according to
 Lacnnec, who presents the phenomenon of Pecto-
 riloquism.   Also, a stethoscope.
   PECTORILOQUIE, Pectoriloquy—p. Chiv-
 rolante, Egophony.
   PECTORILOQUOUS BRONCHOPHONY, see
 Pectoriloquy.
   PECTO111 li'OQ\JY,Pectoril'oquism,Cav'ernons
 mice, Pectori/o'i/iiia,  (F.)  Pectodloquie, Voir ca-
 vernense,  V. articulie.  Same  etymon.  Speech
 or voice coining from  the  chest.  Lacnnec has
 designated,  by this name, the phenomenon  often
 presented by consumptive individuals, when their
 chests are examined with the stethoscope.   The
 voice seems to issue directly from the  chest, and
 to pass through the central canal ofthe cylinder,
 — a phenomenon  owing to  the  voice resounding
 in the anfractuous cavities, produced in the lungs
 by the suppuration  or  breaking down of tuber-
 cles, which constitute abscesses or ulcers of the
 lungs.  By some, it is not separated from bron-
 chophony, having been termed, at times, strong
 bronchophony, and pectoril''oqnous bronchophony.
 See Laryngophony.   Whispering pectoriloquy is
 that produced by the whispering of the patient.
   PECTORO'SUS,  from  pectus, pectoris,   'the
 chest.' One who has a broad chest.
   PECTUS, Sternum,  Thorax  —p.  Cariuatum,
 see Carina nnd Lordosis.
   PECULIUM, Penis.
   PEDAGRA, Potassa; supertartras impurus.
   PEDAL,  Peda'lis,  from pes, pedis,  'the  foot.'
 Relating to the foot: — as
   Pedal Aponeinto'sis, (F.) Aponivrosepidieuse.
 A thin, aponeurotic layer, which invests  the ex-
 tensor brevis digitorum pedis, and separates  the
 tendons of the foot from each other.
   PEDBELLY, Physconia.
   PEDES, Genital organs.
   PEDESIS, Pulsation.
   PEDETHMOS, Pulsation.
   PEDIAL'GIA, Pedional'gia,  Pedionenral'gia,
from nedtov, 'the  sole  of the  foot,'  and  aXyos,
'pain.' Pain in the sole of the foot.   Neuralgia
of the foot in general.  An  affection of this  kind,
under the name  Pidionalgie, prevailed in  1762
at Savigliano in Piedmont, and  in 1S06 amongst
the military at Padua.
   PEDICLE,  VITELLINE, see Vesicula umbi-
licalis.
   PEDTCULARIA, Delphinium staphisagria.
      41
  PEDICULATIO. Phtheiriasis.
  PEDICULUS, Phtheir, Louse, (Prov.) Biddy.
(F.)  Pou.  Diminutive  of pes,  pedis,  'a foot,'
from  its  having  many  feet.   A  genus  of
parasitic insects.  The  human  body is infested
with  three  kinds: the  Body-louse,  or Clothes-
louse, Pedic'itlus vestimen'ti, (F.) Pou de corps;
the Head-louse, Pedic'itlus cap'itis, (F.) Port ele
la tele, which lives in the hair; the  Crab-louse,
Mor'pio, Fera'lis pedic'itlus, Plat'ula, Phthliitis
inguintt'lis, Pedic'itlus Pubis, (F.) Morpion, which
infests the hair of the  pubes.   Infusion of to-
bacco, or mercurial ointment, or ointment of white
precipitate of mercury,  or the white or red pre-
cipitate of mercury, readily  destroys them.  The
louse occurring  in phtheiriasis, pedic'itlus tabes-
cen'tium, differs from the common louse.—Vogel.
  Pediculus Capitis, see Pediculus — p. Pubi>,
Crab-louse—p. Tabescentium, see Pediculus—p.
Vcstiinenti,  see Pediculus.
  PEDICURE, Chiropodist.
  PEDICUS, Extensor  brevis digitorum pedis.
  PEDIEUX (muscle), Extensor brevis digito-
rum pedis.
  PEDIGAMBRA, Ysambra.
  PEDILAN'THUS  TITIIYMALOI'DES, Eu-
phor'bia tithymaloides seu myrtifo'lia, Jew bush.
Order, Euphorbiaceae, grows in various parts of
the West Indies.  The  practitioners  of Curacoa
give  a  decoction  in venereal  cases.   It is also
used in domestic practice, in  amenorrhoea.  It is,
moreover,  known and   used as Ipecacuanha.—
Lindley.
  PEDILU'VIUM,  from pedes, 'the feet,' and
lava,  'I wash.' Lavipe'dium, (F.) Pedihivc, Bain
de pied.   A bath for the feet.  See Bath.
  PEDION, Sole.
  PEDIONALGIA,  Pedialgia.
  PEDIONEURALGIA, Pedialgia.
  PEDIUM, Tarsus.
  PEDONCULE, Peduncle.
  PEDONCULES  DU CERVEAU, Peduncles
of the brain—p. du Cervelet, Corpora  restiformia
— p. du Conorium, Peduncles of the pineal gland
— p.  de la  Glande piniale, Peduncles  of the
pineal gland.
  PEDORA.  The sordes of the eyes,  ears, and
feet.
  PED'UNCLE,  Pedun'cnlus,  (F.)  Piduncitle,
from pes, pedis,  'a foot.' This term has been ap-
plied to different prolongations  or appendices of
the encephalon.
  Peduncles of the   Brain,  Pedun'culi  seu
Crura seu  Caurtex cer'ebri, called,  also,  Crura
antcrio'ra medul'la  oblonga'ta, (F.)  Pidoncules
du Cerveau, are two white cords, about jths of
an inch in diameter, on  the outside of the corpora
albicantia.  Tbey arise  from the medullary sub-
stance of the brain,  and gradually approach, till
they join the tuber annulare.  They are formed,
internally, of a mixture  of cineritious  and medul-
lary matter;  the  former of which,  being  of a
darker colour at one part than in any other part
of the brain, has been called Locus niger crurum
cerebri, Substantia nigra pedun'culi.
  Peduncles of  the  Cerebellum,  Pedun'culi
seu Crura cerebel'li, called, also, Crura posterio'ra,
are six in number, three on each side—a superior,
a middle, and an inferior.  The superior  pedun-
cles  are generally known as the Processus  cere-
belli ad testes, Crura eerebel'li ad cor'pora qnad-
rigem'ina, Bra'chia copnlatlva : the  inferior are
the Processus cerebelli ad medullam oblongatam ;
and the middle are called, also, Cerebellar ped'uu-
cles—Proces'sus seu Crura  cerebel'li  ad politem,
Bra'chia pontis.
  Peduncles, Inferior, op the Cerebellum, 
PEDUNCULUS             690     PELVI-T ROC IIANTERI AN
Corpora restiformia—p. of the Medulla oblongata,
Corpora restiformia.
  Peduncles of  the Pine'al Gland, Pedunculi
cona'rii, (¥.) Pidoncules de la glande pinittle, P.
du Conarium, are two medullary bands or strips,
which  seem to issue  from  the pineal gland, and
proceed on  each  side upon the  upper and inner
region of the optic thalami.  See Pineal Gland.
  Pedunculi Cerebelli, Peduncles ofthe Cere-
bellum— p. Cerebri, Peduncles of the brain — p.
Conarii, Peduncles ofthe pineal gland, see Pineal
gland — p.  Medullae  oblongatae, Corpora  resti-
formia.
  PEDUNCULUS, Peduncle.
  PEGA, Canthus (lesser).
  PEGANEL-iE'ON,  Oleum  ruta'ceum,  O'leum
ruta, from  irtyavov, 'rue,' and eXaiov, 'oil.'  Oil
of Rue.
  PEGANUM, Ruta.
  PEGMIN, Corium  phlogisticum.
  PEINE, Hunger.
  PEINOTIIERAPIA, Limotherapeia.
  PEIRA, Effort, Experience, Nisus.
  PELA'DA,  (F.) Pelade.   A word of uncertain
origin, applied to alopecia, especially to that re-
sulting from syphilis.  See Alopecia.
  PELA'GIA.  A kind of scaly  erysipelas  ofthe
hands — sometimes of the  legs, at others, of the
face.  Pellagra [?].
  PELAGRA, Pellagra.
  PELARGO'NIUM  ANCEPS, Peris'tera  an-
ceps.  A South African  plant, Nat. Ord.  Gera-
niaceae,  the decoction of  which is  used  by the
Malays in amenorrhoea, and to promote parturi-
tion and abortion.
  Pelargonium  Antidysenter'iciim, Jenkinso'-
nia  antidysenter'ica.  This South African plant is
used by the natives in dysentery.  It is boiled in
milk.
  Pelargo'nium Cuculla'tum.   Common along
the  side of  the Table Mountain.   It has been re-
commended in decoction as an enema in colic,
nephritis, and suppression of urine.  It is an ex-
cellent emollient, and was formerly exported to
Holland under the name Herba Altha'a.
   Pelargo'nium Triste, Polyac'tium triste. The
root of this plant,  which grows at the Cape of
Good Hope, is somewhat astringent, and is used
there in diarrhoea and dysentery, and as an an-
thelmintic.
  PEL'ICAN, Pelica'nus, Peleca'nus, Pel'ecan,
Pel'ecas,  irtXcKav, from rrtXtnao),  ' I cleave.'  An
instrument, curved at the end like the beak of a
pelican.  Its use is to extract teeth.
  PELI'CIDE, Pelu'de, Mel  coc'turn.   Boiled
honey.—Ruland  and Johnson.
   PELICOMETER,  Pelvimeter.
   PELIDNOMA, Ecchymoma, Pelioma.
  PELIO'MA, Pelidno'ma from  -rreXos,  'black.'
A livid ecchymosis.—Forestus. See Ecchymoma.
   P&LIOSE, Purpura.
   PELIOSIS, Purpura haemorrhagica—p.  Rheu-
matiea, see Purpura simplex.
   PELLA. Cutis, Prepuce.
   PEL'LAGRA, Pel'agra, Ichthyo'sis seu Tuber
sen  Impetigo  Pellagra, Elephanti'asis Italica,
Lepra Mediolanen'sis seu  Lombard'ica, Scorbu-
tus alpinus, Ma'niapella'gria, Erythe'ma endem'-
icum seu pellagrum, Tnsolazione de  Primavera,
Male del Sole, Dermalagra, Erysip'elasperiod' ica
nervo'sa chron'ica, Paralysis scorbu'tica, Scurvy
of  the  Alps,  (F.)  Mai  de mis&re,  Scorbut des
Alpes; from neXXa,  [?] 'skin,' and aypa, 'seizure.'
A disease, particularly noticed among the Milan-
ese, which consists in the skin becoming covered
with wrinkles, and  assuming a scaly appearance,
especially in the parts exposed to the air.   The
strength diminishes, the intellectual faculties and
sensations become obscure, and  cramps, convul-
sions, and other lesions of muscular contractility
supervene.   It is  a singular endemic affection,
and has been  supposed to follow everywhere the
introduction of  Indian  corn:  hence tho name
Rapha'nia ma'iz'tica, given to it by some of the
Italian physicians.
  An affection endemic in the Asturias is said to
be a variety of pellagra.  It is the Rosa seu Lepra
Astu'rica, Mai de la Rosa.
  PELLENS, from pellere, 'to drive.'  Driving;
impelling.
  Pellen'tia  Medicamen'ta are medicines that
promote the occurrence of the menstrual  or h;e-
morrhoidal flux.
  PELLICULA OVI, Membrana putaminis—p.
Summa, Epidermis — p. Superior, Epidermis.
  PELLICULA  CORDIS, Ostiola cordis.
  PELLIS, Cutis—p. Summa,  Epidermis.
  PELLITORY,  Xanthoxylum fraxineum —p.
American, Parietaria Pennsylvania—p. Bustard,
Achillea ptarmica — p. of  Spain, Anthemis pyre-
thrum— p. Wall, Parietaria.
  PELMA, Sole.
  PELOHiE'MIA, (F.) Pilohimie, from  rriXos,
'dirt,' and 'atpa,  'blood.'  A condition  of the
blood in which it is thick,  syrupy, and of a very
dark colour — as  in diseases of the  blood, gan-
grene, &c.
  PELOR, Monster.
  PELORIA,  Monster.
  PELORIUM, Monster.
  PELORUM, Monster.
  PELOTE DE  MER, Pila marina.
  PELTALIS  seu PELTATUS  CARTILAGO,
Thyroid cartilage, Xiphoid cartilage.
  PELTAN'DRA  VIRGIN'ICA,  from   iriXrn,
'a target,' and avrjp, 'for anther,' from  the shield-
shaped stamens.   Arum  Virgin'icum, Calla seu
Lecon'tia  seu  Rensselaeria  Virgin'ica,  Arrow
Arum, Taraho,  Wampee ; indigenous; of the
Order Araceae.  The fresh roots and seeds are
acrid stimulants, like Arum.
  PELTIDEA AMPLISSIMA,  Lichen caninus
— p. Aphthosa,  Lichen  aphthosus — p. Canina,
Lichen caninus — p. Leucorrhiza, Lichen caninus
—p. Malacea,  Lichen caninus—p. Spuria, Lichen
caninus.
  PELTTGERA  CANINA, Lichen caninus.
  PELUDE, Pelicide.
  PELVIC,  Pelvicus,  Pelvi'nus,  (F.) Pelvien,
from pelvis.  Belonging or relating to  the pelvis.
  Pelvic Aponeuro'sis,  (F.)   Aponivrose pel-
vienne. A tendinous lamina, given  off from the
sides of the pelvis, and  from the entire circum-
ference of the brim, which passes iDto and lines
the pelvis, and is soon divided  into two distinct
layers ; — one  external, the lateral, pelvic or obtu-
rator fascia, which continues to line the sides of
the  pelvis,  and  covers  the  obturator internus
muscle;  the other, internal  or  superior, which
passes inwards upon the side  of the prostate,
bladder,  and  rectum in  the male, and  of the
bladder,  vagina,  and rectum in the  female,  in
order to form  the floor of  the pelvis.
  Pelvic Cavity, (F.)  Caviti  pelvienne.  The
cavity of  the pelvis.
  Pelvic Members.  The lower extremities.
  Pelvic Surface of the Il'ium.  That which
faces the pelvic cavity.
  PELVICULA  OCULI,  Orbit.
  PELVID'YMUS, (F.) Pelvidyme, from pelvis,
and Siivpos, 'a twin.'  A  monster united at the
pelvis, and double above.
  PELVI-TROCHANTE'RIAN, Pelvi-trochnn-
teria'nus.   That which relates to the pelvis and
great  trochanter.   The Pelvi-trochanterinn  re-
gion is formed by  the muscles—pyramidalis, tien
obturators, gemini, and quadratus femoris—which 
PELVIEN               691        PENDULUM  PALATI
pass from the pelvis to the digital cavity of the
great trochanter.
  PEL VIEN, Pelvic.
  PELVIM'ETER,   Pcly com'eter,  Pelyom'eter,
Peliconleter, Pyelom'eter, (F.) Pelvimetre,  from
pelvis,  and ptrpov, ' a measure.'  A barbarous hy-
brid.   This  name has been given  to different in-
struments, invented  for measuring the diameters
of the pelvis, and particularly the antero-posterior
or fore-and-aft diameter of the  brim: — Pel dm'-
etry, (F.) Pel.vimi.trie.  Two have been  chiefly
employed, especially by French practitioners :—
the  Compos d'ipaisseur, and the Pelvimeter of
Coutouly.   1. The Compas d'ipaisseur or  Cal-
lipers  of Baudelocque, is formed like a pair of
compasses—with blunt extremities—the branches
of which can be moved at will.   One of these  is
applied to the symphysis pubis, and the other on
the sacrum.  About three   inches  must  be de-
ducted from this measurement for the thickness
of  the mons veneris, pubis, and  the base of the
sacrum.  2. The  Pelvimeter of Coutouly resem-
bles the instruments used by shoemakers for mea-
suring the length of the foot.  The two branches
 are introduced, in a state of approximation, into
 the vagina, and then separated, so  that one touches
 the promontory of the sacrum, the other comes
 behind the  os  pubis.  It is a  barbarous contri-
 vance, and its introduction  ought never to be at-
 tempted on the living subject. It does not, indeed,
 Beem possible to introduce it without mischief.
   The finger is, decidedly, the best pelvimeter,
 and by it we can judge whether  the base  of the
 sacrum be unusually prominent.  Measurement
 of the pelvis by the hand  has been called  Pely-
 cochirometre'sis; from  ireXvl;, ' the  pelvis,'  xuP>
 ' the hand,' and pcrpov, ' measure.'
   PELVIMETRY, see Pelvimeter.
   PELVIS, Cho'ana, Py'elos, Lec'ane, (F.)  Bas-
 sin; so called from  irtXvs, and irtXXis, 'a basin,'
 because  fancied  to  be  shaped  like an  ancient
 basin.  The part of the trunk  which bounds the
 abdomen below.   It is a large,  bony, irregular,
 conoidal cavity,—open above and below,—which
 supports and  contains a part  of the intestines,
 and the urinary and genital organs; and serves,
 at the same time, as a fixed point for the articu-
 lation of the lower limbs, the attachment of their
 muscles, and the execution of their movements.
 The pelvis supports, behind, the vertebral column,
 nnd is sustained, before, by the ossa femoruin.
 It is situate, in the adult, near the middle part
 of the body, and is composed .of four broad, flat,
 unequally  thick bones, differing  much  in  their
 shape, size, and  arrangement, which  touch, are
 articulated  at some part of  their  surface, and in-
 timately united by  means  of a  number of liga-
 mentous fasciae.  Of these bones, two are behind,
 on the median line,—the sacrum  and the coccyx ;
 the two others are before and at  the sides, — the
 ilia.   They are fellows, and unite, before, with
 each  other.  The most  important  parts of the
 pelvis, in an obstetrical point of view,  are the
 brim and the outlet.   The Brim,  Angus'tia  abdo-
 iiiina'lis,  Intro'itus,  Apertu'ra  pelvis  supe'rior,
 Upper Opening or strait ofthe Cavity of the Pet-
 ri", (F.) Ditroit supirieur,  D.  abdominal, is the
 narrow part which  separates the greater pelvis
from the less—the false from the  true, Pelvis vera
 sou nitiior.   In the well-formed woman it is ellip-
tical, nnd slightly inclined forwards.   Its antero-
posterior, sacro-pubic or con'jugate diameter, in a
standard pelvis, measures 4i inches, but with the
soft parts,  3§ inches; its transverse or i7ir;c  or
lateral, 5i  inches,  but  with  the soft parts  4
inches :  and its oblique,  Diameter of De venter,
with  the  soft  pnrts, 4f  inches.   The  Outlet,
Ei'itus,  Inferior  opening  or  strait, Angus'tia
ptrinaa'lis, (F.)  Ditroit  infirieur, D. pirinial, ,
forms  the  lower  aperture  of the pelvis.   The
antero-posterior diameter is here, on account of
the mobility ofthe coccyx, 5 inches:  the lateral,
4 inches.  The Axis of the Pelvis is important
to be known in obstetrics.  The Axis  of the. Brim
is indicated by  a straight line drawn  from the
umbilicus to the apex of the coccyx;—the Axis
of the  Outlet by a line drawn from the  first bone
of the sacrum to the entrance of the vagina.  An
imaginary curved line which indicates the direc-
tion of the canal  of the pelvis, has occasionally
been termed the curve  of Cams,  in  conseqence
of its  having been  pointedly described  by the
German obstetrician.
   Pelvis Aurium, Cochlea—p. Cerebri, Infundi-
bulum of the brain.
   Pelvis of the Kidney, Pelvis rena'lis  seu
renum,  Sinus, Venter seu Alvus Renum,  (F.) Bos.
sinet.   This is a small, membranous pouch, occu-
pying   the posterior  part  of the fissure of the
kidney. It  is  placed  behind the renal artery
and vein; is elongated  from  above to below;
flattened from before to behind; irregularly  oval
in figure; and, below, contracts considerably, to
be continuous with  the ureter.  It receives the
orifices of the infundibula, which  pour the urine
secreted in the kidney into its cavity.
   Pelvis Minor, Pelvis—p. Ocularis,  Scaphium
oculare — p.  Renalis, Pelvis of the kidney — p.
Renum, Pelvis of the kidney — p. Vera, Pelvis.
   PELYCOCHIROMETRESIS, see  Pelvimeter.
   PELYCOMETER, Pelvimeter.
   PELYOMETER,  Pelvimeter.
   PEM'MICAN  or  PEMTCAN.  Meat cured,
pounded, and mixed  with fat.  It has been much
used as nutriment on long overland journeys.
   PEMPHIGO'DES, Pemphigoid, (F.) Pemphi-
gode, from  -irtptpt>Z, 'a blister,' and ttSos, 'form.'
An epithet given by the ancients to the  fever that
accompanies pemphigus.
   PEM'PHIGUS, Emphly'sis Pern'pliigus, Pom'-
pholyx, from -rrtptln^, rreptptyos, ' a blister;' Febris
bullo'sa seu vcsicula'ris seu  ampullo'sa seu pem-
phigo'des seu pemphingo'des, Exanthe'ma serosuin,
Alorta, Pem'phigus  inorta  seu  Hehct'icus seu
major seu minor, Morbus bullo'sus seu vcsicula'ris
seu ampulla'celts, Pcmphiiix, Pemphix,  Pemphyx,
 Tt/phns vesicula'ris,  Yesie'nlnr Fever,  Bladdery
Ferer,  Water-blebs, (F.) Fievre bulleuse ou vesic-
ulaire, Maladie  bulleuse:  A disease, defined to
consist of vesicles, scattered over the body ; trans-
parent, filbert-sized,  with  a red, inflamed edge,
but without surrounding  blush or tumefaction ;
on breaking, disposed to ulcerate ;  fluid, pellucid
or slightly coloured ; fever, typhous.  It is doubt-
ful whether any such idiopathic fever have  ever
existed:  the probability is, that the fever  and
vesications have been an accidental complication.
 Cullen thinks  the  Pemphigus Helt-eticus  must
have been  malignant sore throat.  If, however,
•such  a distinct disease did exist, it was probably
only as an endemico-epidemic.
   Pemphigus Gangrenosa, Rupia escharotica—
p. Hungaricus, see Anthrax—p. Infantilis, Rupia
escharotica — p. Major, Pemphigus — p. Minor,
Pemphigus — p.  Morta, Pemphigus—p.  Vario-
lodes, see Varicella.
   PEMPHINX, Pemphigus.
   PEMPHIX, Pemphigus.
   PEMPHYX, Pemphisus.    ,
   PEMPT.EA  FEBRIS,  Quintan.
   PEN-EA MUCRONATA,  see Sarcocolla —p.
Sarcocolla, Sarcocolla.
   PENCHE, Abdomen.
   PENCIL-LIKE  PROCESSES, Styloid  pro-
cesses.
   PENDULOUS ABDOMEN. Physconia.
   PENDULUM PALATI, Velum pendulum
palati. 
PENETRATING
692
PEPSIN
  PEN'ETRATING, Pen'elrans, from penetrare,
penetratum, (penitus intrare,) 'to go  into.'  A
wound  is so called which penetrates one of the
great splanchnic cavities —Vulnus penetrans.
  A medicine is, also, so called, which is supposed
to pass through the pores, and stimulate.
  PENICILLUM, Compress, Penicillus.
  PENICIL'LUS,  Penicillum,   Penic'ulus,  'a
painter's brush ;' diminutive of penis, 'a tail.' A
tent or pledget.  A pessary. The secreting glandi-
form  extremities of the  venae  portas,  (Ac"ini
bilio'si) have  been  so  termed, as well as  the
villous textures.
   Penicillus, Tent.
   PENICULUM, Compress.
   PENICULUS, Penicillus, Tent.
   PENIDE, Penidiura.
   PENIDES,  Saccharum hordeatum.
   PENIDTUM,  Penidium  sacchara'tum,  from
penis,  'a  tail,'from the  shape [?], (F.) Pinide,
 Sucre tors. A kind of clarified sugar, made up into
 rolls.  Barley sugar.  Itis  demulcent; see Sac-
 charum hordeatum.
   PENIL, Mons veneris.
   PENIS, 'a  tail.'  Caulis,  Coles, Caules, Caulos,
 Men'tnla,  Menta.  Phallus,  Farcif'era,  Posthe,
 Pros''thinm, Crithe,  Cor'yne,  Vomer, Pater  oni'-
 ninm viven'tiuin, Pria'pits, Virga,  V. viri'lis, V.
 genita'lis,   Vere'trum,   Sathe.  Membrum  viri'le
 seu   seminale  seu  genitale  viro'rum,  Morion.
  Cyon, Sic'ula, Tentuin,  Hasta,  H. nuptia'lis, H.
 viri'lis, Vas, Vas'culumr Pent'Hum,  Vir'gula, Vir,
  Thyrsus,   Tensus,  Clavus. Cauda salax, Cauda,
 Fas'cinnm, F. viri'le, Mnta, Nervus, N.  fistnlo'sus
 seu  ftstula'ris  seu juvenilis,  Per'tica per se,
  Scopus. Leco, Citrcu'lio,  Vena,  Contus, Telurn,
  Gurgu'lio, Sceptrum, Armn, Gln'dius, Lu'bricum
  Caput, Mtiti'nvs, Pains, Pes'snlus, Radix, Ramus,
  Rntnb'ulian, Arma  Ventris, Columna adstans in-
  guin'ibus,  Columna, Pyr'amis, Tnibs, Spina, Cata-
 pulta viri'lis,  Verjia,  Madia' ra,  Taurus;  the
  Yard, Male organ, &c. (F.) Verge, Membre viril.
  This organ, the use of which is to carry the semi-
  nal fluid into the female  organs  of generation, is
  cylindroid, long, and erectile, and situate before
  and beneath the symphysis pubis.   In the  ordi-
  nary state, itis soft and  pendent in front of the
  scrotum.  During erection, it becomes elongated,
  upright,  and  assumes a triangular shape.  Its
  upper surface is called  the Dorsum penis,  (F.)
  Dos de la verge;  and,  at its  anterior surface,
  there is a longitudinal projection formed by the
  canal of the urethra.   The two sides ofthe penis
  are round, and its  posterior extremity or root is
  attached to the pelvis.   Its anterior extremity is
  free, and  presents  the  glans, prepuce, and orifice
  of the urethra.  The  penis is formed of the cor-
  pora cavernosa, tbe principal  seat of  erection ;
  the corpus spongiosum  of the urethra, for the
  conveyance of the urine and sperm ; and of the
  glans, which terminates the canal.  The Arteries
  of  the penis  are branches of the internal pudic.
  The  Veins correspond  with the arteries.   The
  Nerves are frora the internal pudic.
     Penis  Cerebri, Pineal gland — p.  Femineus,
  Clitoris—p. Lipodermus, Paraphimosis—p. Mulie-
  bris. Clitoris.
     PENNATUS, Penniform.
     PEN'NIFORM, Peiinifor'mis, Penna'tus, from
  penna, 'a pen,' and forma,  'form.'  An epithet
  fur  muscles  whose fleshy fibres are inserted on
  each side of a middle tendon, like the feathers of
  a pen  on  their common stalk.
     PENNSYLVANIA,  MINERAL   WATERS
  OF.  The most celebrated are those of Bedford.
  The Carlisle,  Ephrata, and  Yellow Springs are
  also frequented.
     PENNYCRESS, Thlaspi.
  PENNYROYAL, Mentha pulegium, ncdeomn
pulegioides—p. Hart's, Mentha cervina.
  PENNYWORT,  ASIATIC,  Hydrocotyle
Asiatica.
  PENSACOLA, see Saint Augustine.
  PENSEE, Viola  tricolor — p. Sauvage, Viola
tricolor.
  PENSILIA, Pudibilia.
  PENSY, Viola tricolor.
  PENTAMY'RON, from irtvre, 'five,'and pvpov,
'ointment.'   An  ancient ointment, consisting of
five ingredients.  These are said to have been —
storax, mastich, wax, opobalsam, and unguentum
nardinum. — Paulus, and Aetius.
  PENTAPHAR'MACON,   from  rnvrt,  'five.'
and  tpappanov, ' remedy.'  Any medicine consist-
ing of five ingredients.
  PENTAPIIYLLUM. Potentilla reptans.
  PENTATEUCH,  (SURGICAL,)  Pentateu'.
chits,  from  r.tvrt, 'five,' and Tivyis, 'a  book,'
which signifies tbe five books of Moses— Genesis,
Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers,  and Deuteronomy.
By analogy, some surgeons have given the name
Surgical  Pentateuch to  the division  of  external
diseases into  five classes: — wounds, ulcers,  tu-
mours, luxations, and fractures.
   PENTATH'ETUM,  from  nvrt,  'five,'  and
rtdtvai, 'to place.'   An ancient plaster consisting
of five ingredients.
   PENULA, Ingluvies.
   PENZANCE, CLIMATE  OF.  This  is  the
chief residence of invalids in Cornwall, England,
during the  winter.  It is  situated  on  Mount's
Bay, about ten miles from the Land's End.  It is
 5£° warmer in winter than London,  2° colder in
 summer: scarcely 1° warmer in the spring, and
 only about 2£° warmer in the  autumn.   It  is a
 very favourable winter residence for the phthisicul
 invalid.
   PEONY, Pasonin.
   PEPANSIS, Coction, Maturation.
   PEPANTICOS,  Maturntive.
   PEPASMOS, Coction, Maturation.
   PEPAS'TIC, Pepos'tints, from -tiratvot, 'I con-
 coct.'  A medicine supposed to have the power
 of favouring the concoction  of diseases.  Matu-

   PEPETRUS,  Concocted.
   PEPERI,  Piper.
   PEPINO (S.). A cucurbitacea, which is culti-
 vated in great  abundance in the fields  of Peru.
 The pulp or edible part is  solid, juicy, and well
 flavoured; but is apt to disagree.
   PEPO, Cucurbita pepo—p. Lagenarius, Cucur-
 bita lagenaria—p. Vulgaris,  Cucurbita pepo.
   PEPPER. BLACK, Piper nigrum —p. Cay-
 enne, Capsicum annuum — p. Chilly, Capsicum
 annuum — p. Cubeb, Piper cubeba — p. Decorti-
 cated, Fulton's, see Piper  nigrum — p. Guinea,
 Capsicum annuum—p. Jamaica, Myrtus Pimento
 —p. Long, Piper longum.
    Pepper Bush, Sweet, Clethra alnifolia.
    Pepper,  Malaguet'a.   This  term has been
 applied  to the  fruit or seeds of several zingibe-
 raceous  plants,  as well as  to the pimento.  It is
 usually considered  to be synonymous with Grnna
  Paradisi, Grains of Par'adise, and Grana Gnine-
 en'sia, Guinea grains.—Pereira.
    Pepper, Poor-Man's, Polygonum hydropiper
 — p. Tailed, Piper cubeba—p. Turnip,  Arum tri-
 phyllum—p. Water, Polygonum  hydropiper— p.
 Water,  of America. Polygonum  punetatuin — p.
 Wall, Sedum—p. White, Piper album.
    PEPPERWORT, Lepidium.
    PEPSIN, Pepsiue, Peps'inum, Chy'mosin, Git*-
 tirase, Diges'tive Priu'ciple,  from rt^is,' coction,
 ' digestion.'  A peculiar organic matter, which, in
 combination with the gastric acids, is considered
 to form  tbe proper digestive solvent.  Its chemi-- 
PEPSINU.M
693
PERI.ERESIS
 pal constitution is unknown.  It would  appear
 that its presence is necessary to induce changes in
 the elements of the food, which  may enable the
 gastric acids to act  upon  them  so  as  to  form
 chyme.
   PEPSINUM, Pepsin.
   P EPS IS, Coction, Digestion.
   PEPTIC, Pep'ticus, from irtrrrta, 'I ripen,' 'I
 digest.'  An ngent that promotes digestion, or is
 digestive.  Also, applied adjectively to an article
 of food that is easy of digestion.
   Pi;ptic Persuader, see Pilulae aloes et Kinaa
 Kinas.
   PEPTONE.  A  presumed definite combination
 between the solvent fluid in the stomach, and al-
 buminous matters  received into the organ as ali-
 ments.  The same as  Albuminose.
   PER, 'by or through,'  in  composition often
 gives  intensity to the  signification : as  pertussis, a
 violent cough.
   PERACUTUS, Catoxys.
   PERARTICULATIO, Diarthrosis.
   PERATODYNIA, Cardialgia.
   P 1'At CE- CR A NE,  Perforator.
  PER CU- FEUIL Ltf,Bupleurum rotundifolium.
  PERCIUMOUSSE, Polytrichum.
  PERCE-MURAILLE,  Parietaria.
  PERCE-PIERRE, Crithmum maritimum.
  PERCEP'TA, from  percipere, perceptum, (per,
 and cupio,) ' to perceive,'' receive.'  A word used
 by some writers on  hygiene to indicate, in a gene-
 ral manner, the  effects of  the nervous action on
 the animal  economy:  in other words,  the sensa-
 tions,  the functions of the mind, and  their dete-
 rioration or privation.
  PERCEPTIBILITY, see Sensibility.
  PERCEP'TTON,  Percep'tio.  Same etymon.
The appreciation which  the brain has of an im-
pression made upon an organ of sense.
  PERCEPTIVITY.  Same etymon. The power
of perception.
  PERCOLATIO, Filtration, Percolation.
  PERCOLA'TION, Percola'tio, from  percolare,
percolntum, (per; and colare,)'to strain through.'
                              The terms per
Displacer or Percolator.
                                eolation and dis-
                                placement   are
                                applied in phar-
                                macy to an ope-
                                ration    which
                                consists  in pla-
                                cing  any  sub-
                                stance,  the vir-
                                tues  of  which
                                have  to be ex-
                                tracted    by  a
                                menstruum, in a
                                funnel-shaped
                                instrument, hav-
 ing a septum perforated with holes, or its tube
 stuffed with cotton or  tow,  and pouring fresh
 portions of the  menstruum upon it until  all its
 virtues have  been extracted.  The operation  is
 used in  the formation of certain infusions, ex-
 tracts, tinctures, kc.
   An instrument used  for this purpose is called a
 dUpfacer or per'colator.
   PERCOLATOR, see Percolation.
   PERCUSS.  Percu'tere, Percussion, (per, and
 quntere, 'to strike,') (F.) Perciilcr, Frupper. Same
 etymon as the next.  To strike upon with the
 view of appreciating  the  resulting sound.  To
 practise percussion.
   PERCUS'SION, Epicrou'sis, Percus'sio.  When
 immediate or direct iierciission is made on the
 chest or abdomen, the  more or less perfect reso-
nance is an  index of the state of the  contained
    organs; and  the  physician is thus aided in his
    diagnosis.   For this purpose the  chest may  be
    struck with the fingers, gathered into a bundle,
    and their tips placed upon a level.  It is  better,
    however, to  employ mediate percussion,  which
    consists in interposiug,  between the point of the
    hngers  and the chest,  the finger  of the  other
    hand, or a Ptexim'eter,  and striking this  instead
    of the naked chest.
      Percussion, Auscultatory, see  Acouophonia.
      PERCUTER, Percuss.
      PERCUTEUR  COURSE A  MARTEAU,
    •   -u An Instrument "sed by Baron  Heurteloup
    in the operation of lithotomy, in which a ham-
    mer is employed instead of a  screw, to force to-
    gether the blades of the instrument  on the foreign
    body.                                      °
      PERDO'NIUM.  A  medicated wine of  herbs.
    —Paracelsus.
      PERETERIUM, Trepan.
      PERETORIUM, Trepan.
      PER'FORANS, from perforare,  (per, and fo-
    rare,) 'to bore through.'  A name given to diffe-
    rent muscles, whose tendons  pass through  inter-
    vals between the fibres or tendons of  other mus-
    cles; thence  called  perforated.   See  Flexor
    Longus Digitorum, &c.   Under the name  Per'.
   forating Ar'teries, are included, 1. In  the hand—
   arterial   branches,  given off  by the profound
   palmar  arch, which traverse the muscles and in-
   terosseous spaces.   2. In the thigh—three or four
   arteries,  furnished by the profunda, which  pass
   through  the openings  of the  abductor  magnus.
   3.  In the foot—the anterior and superior branches
   of the plantar arch.
     Perforans  Casserii, see Cutaneous —p. Ma-
   ntis,  Flexor profundus perforans — p. Profundus,
   Flexor longus  digitorum pedis profundus  perfo-
   rans.
     PERFORATED SPOT, Locus perforatus.
     PERFORATING ARTERIES, see  Perforans.
     PERFORATIO,  Perforation—p.  Cranii,  see
   Perforator —p. Intestinorum,  Enterobrosis — p.
   Ventriculi, Gastrobrosis.
     PERFORATION, Perfora'tio, Airatre'sis, Di-
   atre'sis.   Same etymon  ns Perforans.   An  acci-
   dental opening in the continuity of organs, either
   from  an  external or internal cause.
     Perforation, Paracentesis — p. de  I Estomac,
   Gastrobrosis—p. des Intestins,  Enterobrosis — p.
   Uteri, Uterus, rupture of the.
     PERFORATOR, Perforata'rium, (F.)  Peree-
   crane.  An  instrument for opening  the head  of
   the foetus in utero,  when  it is necessary to  dimi-
   nish its size.  The  operation is called Cephulo-
   tom'ia, Perfora'tio cra'nii.
    PERFORATORIUM.  Perforator.
    PERFORA'TUS.  That  which  is pierced.
   Anatomists  have given  this name  to muscles
   whose fibres  or tendons  separate to  suffer  other
   parts  to pass through them.  Such  are the Flexor
   brevis digitorum pedis,  F.  sublimis perforatus,
  and Coraco-brachialis.  Also,  to  parts that are
  perforated for any  purpose — as the substantia
  perfora'ta of the brain.
    Perforatus  Casserii, Coraco-brachialis.
    PERFRICTIO,  Perfrige'rium,   Catapsyx'is,
  Peripsyx'is, from perfrigere, perfrictum, (per, and
  frigcre,)  'to shiver  with cold.'   Considerable re-
  frigeration.  Great sense  of cold : — shivering.
    PERFRIGERATIO, see Rigor.
    PERFRIGERTUM, Perfrictio.
    PERFUSIO,  Fomentation — p.  Frigida, see
  Affusion.
    PERI,  -rttpi, 'about, on  all sides,  round  about.'
  An augmentative prefix.   Hence:
    PERLE'RESIS, from peri, and  aiptor, 'I take
.  away.' A sort of circular incision,  which  the
ii  ancients made in the neighbourhood of  large ab- 
PERIALGIA
694
PERICYSTITIS
gcesses.  The perioeresis is now only practised in
some cases of tumours.
  PERIAL'GIA, from peri, and aXyos,  'pain.'
A very violent pain.
  PERIAMMA, Amuletum.
  PERIAPTON, Amuletum.
  PERIBLAST,  Periplast, (F.) Piriblaste, from
Ttpi, ' around,' and (JXuaros, ' a germ.'  The amor-
phous  matter, which surrounds the endoblast, en-
doplast, (F.) Endoblaste or cell nucleus, and un-
dergoes segmentation.
  PERIBLEMA, Catablema.
  PERIBLEP'SIS, from  peri,  and  /JAettw,  'I
look.'  The wild look that accompanies delirium.
—Foesius.
  PERIB'OLE. from veptjiaXXur, (irtpi, and fraXXor),
' I surround.'   Tbe dress of a person.   The peri-
cardium.   Also, the translation of morbific mat-
ters towards the surface of the body.
  PERIBRO'SIS,  Pericra'sis, from ireptPptnaKor,
(rrept, and (ipuroKtn, 'I eat,') 'I eat around.'  Ulce-
ration or erosion at the corners of the  eyelids.
  PERICARDIAC,   Pericardial,  Pericardi'a-
cus ;  same etymon as Pericardium.  Relating to
the pericardium,—as 'pericardial murmur,' 'pe-
ricardial effusion,' 'pericardial  arteries,  veins,'

  PERICARDIAL, Pericardiac.
  PERICARDI'TIS, from pericardium, and itis,
 denoting inflammation ; Infiamma'tio seu Pleuri'-
 tis pericar'tlii,  Carditis exter'na seu sero'sa seu
membrano'sa,  Exocardltis, Inflamma'tion of the
 pericardium, (F.)  Piricardite,  In //animation du
 Piricarde.  This is probably the proper appella-
 tion for most of those cases  which have received
 the names of Carditis, Cardipericardl'tis, Cardo-
 pericardltis,  and  Oardiopericardltis.   Along
 with signs of pyrexia, the local symptoms resem-
 ble those of pneumonia.  Those which point out
 that the pericardium is the seat of disease, are
 the following :—pain, referred to the region of the
 heart, or the scrobiculus cordis,—sometimes pun-
 gent, at others, dull and  heavy :  palpitation, ac-
 companied with  spasmodic  twitchings  in the
 neighbourhood of  the  heart, shooting  up to the
 left shoulder; pulsation, and sometimes soreness
 of  the carotids, with  tinnitus aurium and vertigo;
 the breathing  is by  catches;  dyspnoea conside-
 rable; pulse jarring, jerking, peculiar;  the  tongue
 white, covered with a mucous coat, and the skin
 often  bathed in  sweat, as in acute  rheumatism.
 The physical signs during the first period are as
 follows.   The  action  of  the heart  is generally
 evident to the eye, and may be felt by the hand.
 There is soreness to the touch over  the intercos-
 tal spaces, and over  a small surface in the epi-
 gastric region, when the pressure is directed up-
 wards towards  the pericardium.   Percussion  is
 usually  natural, but  at times there  is dulness.
 On  auscultation,  the cardiac  movements are
 found to  be  frequent, abrupt, jerking,  and tu-
 multuous ; often irregular and intermittent.  The
 pulse  presents corresponding characters.  When
 effusion of lymph  has occurred, percussion may
 be negative, or be but slightly affected.  On aus-
 cultation,  in  addition to the  preceding signs,
 there  may be one or more of the rubbing  or fric-
 tion bruits resembling the rustling of parchment,
 or  of a  sawing or rasping character.  In some
 cases, the  sound  is  like the  creaking  of new
 leather.  This  has been supposed  to be patho-
 gnomonic of effused lymph.   The most important
 point in the pathology of pericarditis  is  its con-
 nexion with acute rheumatism;  and it forms one
 of  the most dangerous occurrences in the latter
 disease.  It may be  acute or  chronic: in either
 case, it is. of course, formidable.  The most act-
 ive depletion  must be used; with large doses  of
 opium, counter-irritants, and  all the means re-
quired in  the  most violent internal inflamma-
tions.
  Pericarditis Exsudatoria Sangiinoi.i:nta,
Haemopericardium.
  PERICAR'DIUM,  Pcrictr' dion,  Perib'olc,
Membra'na  Cor  circurnplex'a, lnvolu'cruin seu
Ar'cula seu Capsa seu Cap'sula seu Cam'era sen
Indumeii'tuin seu Pannic'ulus seu Membra'na yen
Theca seu Saccus seu  Sac'cttlus seu Scrotum sen
Vagi'na seu ]'esi'ca seu Area seu Tliulamns le-
ga'lis sen Ampliies'ma  seu Bursa Cordis, Sue or
Capsule of the Heart, (F.) Piricarde ; from pen',
and  napbia, 'the heart.'  The pericardium is a
membranous sac, which envelopes the heart, and
the arterial and venous trunks that pass from or
into it.   It is seated in the separation of the me-
diastinum,  above the central aponeurosis of tho
diaphragm,  to  which  it  strongly  adheres.  Its
shape  is triangular, like  that  of the  heart, to
which it is fitted.  The pericardium is composed
of two membranes :—the one—external—fibrous;
the other—internal—serous.   The latter, having
lined the inner surface of the external layer, ia
reflected over the heart, nnd covers it entirely ;
without, however, having the heart  within it; in
which arrangement it resembles  other  serous
membranes. The pericardium envelops the heart;
retains it in position, and facilitates  its move-
ments by means of the serous fluid  contained in
its cavity—Cavum  pericardii—and secreted by
the membrane — Liquor seu Aqua seu Humor seu
Lympha seu Uri'na Pericardii, Hythocar'diu,
which it contains in greater or less  quantity.
  The arteries  of the pericardium are small, a.id
derived from the  superior phrenic, anterior me-
diastinal and bronchial.   The veins accompany
them,  and  open into  the  brachio-cephalic.  No
nerves have been traced to it.  The lymphatics
enter the lymphatic glands that surround the
vena cava superior.
  PERICARPIUM, Epicarpium.
  PERICHOLIA, Polycholia.
  PERICHONDRITIS, Infiamma'tio pcrichon'-
drii,  from  perichondrium, and itis, denoting in-
flammation.  Inflammation of the perichondrium :
hence Perichondritis  larynge'a;—Inflammation
of the perichondrium covering the larynx.
  PERICHONDRIUM,  (F.) Pirichondre,  from
peri, and j^ovopos,  'a cartilage.'  A  membrane of
a fibrous nature, which covers cartilages that are
non-articular, and bears considerable analogy to
the periosteum in  organization and  uses.
  PERICHRISIS, Circumlitio, Liniment.
  PERICHRISTON,  Circumlitio, Liniment.
  PERICLA'SIS, from peri, and nXaor, 'I break.
A comminuted fracture, with denudation of tbe
bone. — Galen. Foesius.
  PERICLYMENUM,  Lonicera periclymenum
— p. Vulgare,  Lonicera periclymenum.
  PERICNE'MIA, from  peri, and  nvrrpn, 'the
leg.'  The  parts surrounding the tibia;—the tihia
itself.
  PERICOLONI'TIS, Pericolitis,  from peri, and
colonitis.  Inflammation of the areolar tissue sur-
rounding the colon.
  PERICOLPITIS,  from peri, koXitos, 'vagina,'
and itis, denoting inflammation.   Inflammation
of the areolar tissue surrounding the vagina.
  PERICRANIffiDE'MA,  from  pericranium,
and oionpa, 'a swelling.'  (Edema of the head,
owing to fluid  effused  under the pericranium.
   PERICRA'NTUM,  Pericra'nion, Pericra'riict,
(F.) Piricrane, from peri, and Kpaviov, ' tbe cra-
nium.'  The periosteum, which  covers  the cra-
nium  externally.
   PERICRASIS, Peribrosis.
   PERICYSTITIS, from peri, nvoris, 'the blad-
 der,' and  itis,  denoting  inflammation.  Inflam- 
PERIDERIA              095            PERIODOSCOPE
 mation of the areolar tissue separating the  blad-
 der from the neighbouring parts.
   PERIDER'IA, from peri, and Stptj, 'the neck.'
 Twisting ofthe cord round the neck ofthe child.
   PERI DES'.M IC,  Ferities'mints;  from  peri,
 nnd Staptrq, 'a ligament.'  Some nosologists have
 given  this name to ischuria enused by a ligature
 round the penis or by stricture of the  urethra.
   PERI DES'Ml UM, from peri, and Itapos, 'liga-
 ment.'  The delicate areolar tissue  covering a
 ligament.
   PERIDIASTOLE, see Diastole.
   PERIDIDYME, see  Testicle.
   PERID'ROM US, from pen, and  hoixos, 'a
 course.' The extreme circumference ofthe hairs
 of the head. — Gorraeus.
   PERIESTICOS, Salutary.
   PER [GLOTTIS, Epiglottic gland: see Tongue.
   PKRIG'RAPIIE, from irtrtyp_a,po>,  (mpi,  and
 ypatpur, ' I  write,') ' I circumscribe.'  The apo-
 neurotic intersections ofthe rectus abdominis are
 so called.—Vesalius.
   PERIHEPATITIS, see Hepatitis.
   PERILARYNGITIS, from peri, larynx, and
 iVi*, denoting inflammation.  Inflammation of the
 areolar tissue surrounding the larynx, which  not
 uul'rcquently ends in periluryiicfcal abscess.
   PERILYMPH, Cotunnius, liquor of.
   PERIMYELITIS, Meningitis, spinal.
   PERIMYSTUM, Fas'cia, from peri, and pvs,
 'a muscle.'   The  areolar membrane or sheath —
 vagi'na museuhlris—that surrounds a muscle, or
 its fasciculi.   Tbe sheath of the whole muscle is
 termed Perimysium externum;  of the fasciculi,
 Perimysium internum.
   PERIN,  Peris, from  nepa, 'a  sac  or  pouch.'
 With  sonic, this means the scrotum ; with others,
 tbe  testicle ; with others, the vagina ; with others,
 the  peritonaeum ;  and with others, the anus.
   PERIN/EOCELE, Hernia, perineal.
   PERINiEOR'RHAPIIY,   Pcinaorrhaph'ia,
 from  irtpivaiov,  'perinaeum,'  and  pat/rv, 'suture.'
 Suture of the perimeum, (F.) Suture du Pirinee,
 in cases of laceration of the same.
   PERIN/E'UM,  Interfemi ileum,  Interfcmin'-
 euin,  Interfceiiiin'ium, Interfoe'mina, Iter femiil-
 eum, Peris,  Perin, Perineum,  Gressu'ra, Plechas,
 Am'pliiplex, Peche'deon, Mesos'celon, Mesos'celus,
 Pcrine'oii, Perina'os, Perine'os, Tramis,  Tanros,
 Intcrforamine'urn, Cocho'ne, Plichos, Mesome'rion,
 I'aiue.n, Itc'gio  Perina'i, (F.) Periiiie,  (rrnptv,
 rrnptvos,  'the  scrotum'[?].)   The  space  at  the
 inferior region of the trunk, between the ischiatic
 tuberosities,  anus, and  genital organs.    It is
 smaller in the female than in the male ; has a
 triangular  shape,  and  is divided into  two equal
 parts by a median line, called Raphe.  It is  oc-
 casionally ruptured in labour.  At times, it has
 been made  to extend posteriorly as far as the os
 coccygis. The  part between  the pudendum and
 anus is sometimes called ante'rior jierinee'um, to
 distinguish  it from that which extends from  the
 anus to the coccyx, called post e' rior perin a' um.
   PERIN.EUS.-Perineal.
   PERINE'AL,  Pcrina'us,  Perinaa'lis, Peri-
 nea'lis.  That  which relates  or belongs to  the
 perinauim ;  ns Perineal artery, P. hernia, <fec.
   Perineal Aponeurosis, P. Fascia.
   Perineal  Artery,  Arte'ria  perinaa'lis, Su-
 perficial artery of the Pcrina'nm.  A  branch of
 the internal  piidic distributed to the perinanira.
   Perineal   Cutaneous  Nerve,  see  Sciatic
 nerve,  lesser.
   Perineal Fas'cia. Fas'cia Perina'i, Perine'al
 aponeuro'si*.   The fascine,—superficial and deep-
seated— Perine'al lig'ament —Camper's ligament,
 Trian'gular lig'ament,—which belong to the peri-
Ui»uui.                                         I
    Perine'al Fossa, Fossa perina'i, Ischio-rectal
 fossa.  A  conical fossa, the base of which cor-
 responds with the skin ; is formed anteriorly by
 the transversus periuaei muscle; behind, by tbe
 inferior border of the glutajus maximus;  inter-
 nally, by the levator ani; and externally, by the
 tuber ischii.  It is filled up with fat and fibrous
 striae.
    Perineal Ischuria, Ischu'da Pen'nea'/is.  A
 name given by Sauvages  to retention of urine,
 caused by  a tumour seated in the perinaeum.
    Perineal Ligament, see P. fascia.
    Perineal Nerve.   A branch of the internal
 pudic; which is  mainly distributed to the peri-
 naeum and scrotum of the male; and to the vulva
 and perina?um of the female.
    Perineal Region, Perinaeum.
    Perineal  Section,  Sec'tio  perinaa'lis.  An
 incision into the  perinaeum for the cure  of stric-
 ture of the urethra.
    PERINEE, Perineum.
    PERINEPHRITIS,  (F.)  Phlegmon pirini-
 phritique,  from peri,  vteppos,  'kidney,' and itis,
 denoting inflammation.  Inflammation of the ex-
 ternal areolar and fibrous membranes of the kid-
 ney, or of  their investing adipose areolar tissue.
    PERINEPHRUS, see Kidney.
    PERINEURION, Neurilemma.
    FERINE VEE, Neurilemma.
    PERINYCTIDES, irept, and vv%, vvktos, 'night.'
 An eruption appearing at night and disappearing
 by day.—Erotian.
    PE'RIOD,  Pe'riodus, Periodela, Periodeu'sis,
 Sta'diuni, Circu'itns, (F.) Piriode, from peri, and
 'ocos,  'way;'  Circuit.  Periods are the  different
 phases or revolutions  of a  disease, — the epochs
 which are  distinguishable in the course of a dis-
 ease.   Three  periods  are commonly enumerated.
 1. The augmentation, increase, or progress, (In-
 cremen'tum;)  2. The  acme or height, (F.) Etat
 (Status;)  and,  3.  The  decline  (Decrementum.)
 Some authors reckon only the invasion  and ter-
 mination.
    Period is sometimes used in describing an in-
 termittent, for the time  between  the commence-
 ment of a paroxysm and  that  of  the next, in-
 cluding the fit as well as interval.
    Periods, Monthly, Menses.
    PERIODEIA, Period.
    PERIODEUSIS, Period.
    PERIODEUTES, Charlatan.
    PERIODICITY, Periodic"itas, Rhythm, (F.)
 Piriodiciti.   Same  etymon.   The  aptitude  of
 certain physiological  and  pathological  pheno-
 mena, in health or disease, to recur at particular
 periods, after longer or shorter  intervals, during
 which they cease completely.  Diseases, thus re-
 curring,  are called periodical  or rhyth'mical —
 Typo'ses.
    PERIODOL'OGY,  Periodolog"ia;  from irept-
 oSos, 'a course or circuit,' and Xoyos, 'a discourse.'
 The doctrine of periodicity in health and disease.
    PERIODONTITIS, (F.) Piriodontite, Inflam-
 mation  de  la  Membrane  alreolo-dentaire,  from
 peri, and oS.vs, oSovros, 'a  tooth.'  Inflammation
 of the membrane that lines the socket of a tooth.
    Periodontitis  Gingivarim,  Ulitis.
    PERIOD'OSCOPE,  from ireptoios,  'a period.'
 and cKoirtoT, 'I view.'  An instrument, proposed
 by Dr. Tyler Smith, for the ready calculation of
I the periodical functions  of the sex.  It consists
 of a movable circular dial, upon which the months
 and days are engraved,  fixed  on a pivot in tbe
 centre of a large plate  on which are numbered
 the different conditions »f  the reproductive sys-
 tem,  as conception, abortion,  premature labour,
 hemorrhage, labour, Ac.  By a knowledge ofthe
I date of conception, say November 14th, aud fixing 
PERIODUS  LUNARIS        09
the movable plate opposite the point on the fixed  j
plate which indicates conception, the observer is
enabled, at once, to see, that, allowing 2S0 days
fur gestation, labour may  be expected about  the
HOth of August.  The dial is made of card-board,
and is  affixed to a small volume, in which its uses
and applications are explained.
   PERIODUS  LUNARIS,  see  Menses—p.
Morbi, Type — p. Sanguinis, Circulation.
   PERIODYN'IA, from peri, and odvvn,  'pain.'
A violent and extensive pain.
   PERIONF, Decidua.
   PERIORBITA, Perios'teum  or'bita, (F.)  Pi-
riorbite, from  peri, and orbita,  ' the orbit.'  An
appellation used,  by  some, for the periosteum
lining  the orbit, which is a continuation of the
dura mater.  The inflammation of this periosteum
is  termed Periorbi'tis or Periorbitltis, and In-
 jlarnma'tio perios'tei or'bita.
   PERIORBITIS, see Periorbita.
   PERIORBITALS,  see Periorbita.
   PERIOSTEITIS, see Periostitis.
   PERIOSTEOPHYTE, from periosteum,  and
tfiud),  T  grow.'   An  osseous  formation, com-
mencing in the  periosteum.
   PERIOSTEUM, Perios'teon, Perios'teos,  Pe-
■rios'tium, Circnmossa'le, Membra'na ossis, Oinerl-
tuin os'sium, Circumossa'lis Membra'na, (F.) Pi-
■doste, from peri, and oartov, 'a bone.'  The peri-
osteum is a fibrous, white, resisting medium, which
surrounds  the  bones every where, except the
teeth at their coronae, and the parts of other bones
that are covered with cartilage.  The external
 surface is united, in a more  or less intimate man-
ner, to the neighbouring  parts  by areolar tissue.
 Its inner surface covers the  bone, whose  depres-
 sions  it accurately follows.   It is united to the
 bone by small,  fibrous prolongations; and, espe-
 cially, by a prodigious quantity of vessels, which
 penetrate their substance.  The periosteum unites
 the bones to the neighbouring parts.  It assists
 in their growth, either by furnishing, at its inner
 surface, as M. Beclard demonstrated, an  albumi-
 nous exudation, which becomes  cartiTtginous, and
 nt length ossifies;—or by supporting the  vessels,
 which  penetrate them to carry the materials of
 their nutrition.  See Medullary membrane.
    Periosteum  Internum,  Medullary membrane
 — p. Orbitae, Periorbita.
    PERIOSTITIS, Periostei'tis, Infiamma'tio pe-
 rios'tei, from periosteum, and  »7?'*, denoting in-
 flammation.  Inflammation of the periosteum.
    PERIOSTO-MEDULLITIS,  fF.)  Pidosto-
 widnllite, from periosteum, medulla, 'marrow,'
 and itis, a suffix denoting inflammation.  Simul-
 taneous inflammation of the periosteum and me-
 dulla  spinalis. — Gerdv.
    PERIOSTO'SIS, (F.) Piriostose.  Tumour of
 the periosteum.  Tumours  are so  called which
 are developed on bones, and formed by their outer
 membrane.   These  tumours  are  more  rapidly
 developed, have a less degree of consistence, and
 sooner  disperse than exostoses, which  they re-
 semble greatly.
    PERIOSTOSTEITIS, (F.)  Piriostostiite, from
 periosteum, oartov, 'a bone,' and itis, denoting in-
 flammation.  Simultaneous inflammation of the
 j eriosteum and bone.— Gerdy.
    PERIPHERAD, see Peripheral aspect.
    PERIPH'ERAL,  Periph'eric, Peripher'ical;
 from peri, and t)>tpu>, 'I bear.'  Relating or apper-
 taining to the periphery or circumference.
    Peripheral Aspect.  An aspect towards the
 circumference of an organ.—Barclay.   Periph'-
 erad is used by the  same writer adverbially to
 signify 'towards the peripheral aspect.'
    PERIPHERAL  VASCULAR SYSTEM,  Ca-
 pillary system.
PERISTOLE
  PERTPIIIMOSTS. Paraphimosis.
  PERIPLAST, Periblast.
  PERIPLEUMOMA, Peripneumonia.
  PERIPLOCA 1NDICA,  DeinideMiius Indicua
— p. Mnuritinnn, see Scanimony.
  PERIP'LYSIS, from peri, and rrXvais. 'the act
of washing;' Profiu'viiim.  A  copious dischargi
from anv port, especially from the bowels.
  PERIPNEUMONIA, Periphiimo'nia,  Peri-
pneumonitis, True peripneu'mony, from peri, and
nvtvpuiv,  'the lung.'  Infiammation of the sub-
stance of the lungs.   See Pneumonia.
  Peripneumonia  Bilio'sa.   Inflammation  of
the lungs, accompanied with bilious fever.
  Peripneumonia Catarrha'lis.  Bronchitis or
pulmonary catarrh, with pain in some part ofthe
chest.   Peripneumonia notha.
  Peripnei.mo'nia  Notha, P. spu'ria seu  pitui-
to'sa seu catarrha'lis, Pneumo'nia notha, Pseudn-
peripneumonia, Pseudo-pneumonia, Psciidopncu-
moui'tis, Bronchoc'ace, Bleniiotlio'ru.c. Obstruc'tio
pulmo'num pituito'safebrl lis, Bronchi'!is aslhen'-
ica, False  or Bastard Peripucu'tuony, (F.) Pi-
ripneumonie butarde ou fausse, Fausse pneumonic.
An inexact name,  under which some  affections
are comprised  that resemble  pneumonia; and,
especially  chronic  bronchitis  with  pleurodynia.
See Bronchitis  (chronic.)
  Peripneumonia Pituitosa,  P. notha.
  PERIPNEUMONITIS, Peripneumonia.
  PERIPNEUMONY, Pneumonia —p. Bastard,
Peripneumonia notha.
  Peripneiimony, Latent. Peripneumony whose
symptoms  are so  obscure as to be recognised with
difficulty.
  PERIPROCTITIS, from  irtpt,  'around,' nnd
irpoiKTos, 'the anus.'  Inflammation ofthe areolar
tissue  surrounding the rectum.
  PERIPSYXIS, Catapsyxis, Perfrictio.
  PERIPYE'MA,  from peri, and rrvov,  'pus.'
Suppuration around an organ ; — a tooth for ex-
ample.
   PERIRRIIffi'A,  Perir'rhoe,  from peri, and
pern, 'I flow.'   Afflux  of fluids from every point
of the body towards an organ which has to remove
them from the  economy.  Also, enuresis.
   PERIS, Perin.
   PERISCELIS, Jarretih-e.
   PERISCYPHISMUS. Periscythismus.
   PERISCYTHIS'MUS,  Periscy'thisis,  Peri-
scytis'mns,  Periscy'tisis,  Perisey'phisis,  Peri-
scyphismus, Scalping, from peri, and  TsvOns,  'a
Scythian,' that is, 'scalping after the  manner of
the Scythians.'   An operation described by Pau-
lus of .<Egina.  It consisted of an  incision made
around the cranium,  and  was employed  in ha-
bitual weakness  of the eyes,  pains of the head,

   PERISPHAL'SIS, Circumdnc'tio,  from peri,
and aipaXXo), T  move.'  A circular motion im-
pressed on a luxated bone, for the purpose of  re-
ducing it.
   PERISSODACTYLUS, Polydactylus.
   PERISPLENITIS, see  Splenitis.
   PERISTALTIC, Systaltic —p. Action, Peris-
tole.
   PERISTAPHYLINUS EXTERNUS, Circum-
flexus musculus—p. Inferior, Circumflexus mus-
 culus — p. Internus, Levator palati.
   PERISTERA ANCEPS, Pelargonium anccps.
   PERISTERIUM, Verbena officinalis.
   PERISTER'NA, from peri, and artpvov, 'the
 sternum.'   Thelateral parts of the chest.
   PERISTOLE, Motus Peristal ticus seu com-
 presso'rius seu vermicula'ris seu testudin'eus, from
 peri,  and  otiXXut,  ' I contract,'  ' I close.'  The
 peristaltic action ofthe intestines, Motus peristal''-
 ticus, (F.) Mouvement pidstaltiqite.  It consists
 of a kind  of undulation or vermicular movement, 
PERISTOMA             697              PEROCORMUS
 in appearance irregular, but in which the circular
 fibres of the muscular membrane ofthe intestine
 contract successively, from above downwards, in
 proportion as tbe chyme advances in the alimen-
 tary  canal; so that, being  compressed  above,
 it is pushed into the next portion of the intes-
 tine, whose  fibres  are in  a state  of  relaxation.
 When the fibres contract inversely, they occasion
 an nutiperistaltic action.   The  peristaltic  action
 is involuntary, and is  not under the immediate
 influence of either brain  or spinal marrow.   It
 continues for some time after death.
   PERISTOMA, Peristroma.
   PERLSTOMIUM, Mouth.
   PERISTltO'MA, Peristoma, Mits'cus villo'stts,
 Crusta membrana'cea seu vermicula'ris, from peri,
 and arpurvvvpt, ' to spread.'   The villous or mucous
 coat of the intestines.—Castelli.
   PERISYSTOLE, from peri, and avaroXn, ' con-
 traction.'  The interval that exists between  the
 systole and  diastole  of the heart, which is only
 perceptible in the dying.—Bartholine.
   PERITERION,  Trepan perforatif.
   PKRITESTIS, Albuginea.
   1'lAtITOlSE, Peritonceura.
   PEHITOME. Circumcision.
   PERITON.EKEX'IS,  Peritonaorex'is,  from
 peritonaiim, and prjyvvpt,  ' to break.'   Hernia
 formed by the rupture of the peritonaeum.
   PERITON.E'UM,  Peritone'um,  Perilona'on,
 Peritonei on,Pc.ritoiia' os, Peritonlon, Peritone'os,
  Vela men'turn ubdomiua'le,  Tu'nica praten'sa  seu
 0 peri malt uni pratensnm seu Membra'na abdom'-
 inis, Pagos,  Siphar, Sypliar, Zepuch, Ziphac, (F.)
 Piritoine,  from peri,  and rttvor, ' I stretch.'   A
 serous  membrane, which  lines the  abdominal
 cavity, Peritona'um parieta'le, extends over  the
 greater part of the organs contained  there, Peril-
 vnaitm intestina'le  seu viscera'le, envelops them
 wholly or in part, and maintains their respective
 relations by means of different prolongations and
 ligamentous folds:—the  mesentery,  epiploon,
 mesocolon,  &c.   Like all the  serous membranes,
 the peritoneum, except in the female, is  a sort of
 sac without aperture, which covers the abdominal
 organs,  without containing them within it, and
 the infernal surface of which is smooth, and lu-
 bricated by  a serous fluid.  In the male  foetus,
 the peritonaeum furnishes  a prolongation, which
 accompanies the testicle at the time of its descent,
 nnd, in the female foetus, forms the Canal of Nnd-.
 Below the neck of the gall-bladder, the perito-
 naeum has  a triangular opening, called the Fora-
 men or Hiatus of Winslow, through which it pro-
 ceeds behind the stomach, to form  a  sort of se-
 condary cavity, called the  posterior cavity of the
 peritonaiim, (F.) Arriere  caviti piritoniale  ou
 Caviti. des Epiploons.
   Peiuton.eum  Duplicatum,  Epiploon, gastro-
 colic.
   PKRITONE'AL,  Peritona'us.    That  which
 appertains  or relates to the peritoneum.
   PERITONITIS,  Peritonitis — p. Puerpirale,
 see Peritonitis.
   PERITONITIS, Empres'ma  seu Caurna.  Peri-
 ttrnitis,  Peritonaltis,  Infiamma'tio  seu Phleg'-
 mone Peritona'i, Phlei/ma'sia  or  Inflammation
 of the Peritona'uin,  from  peritoneum, and itis,
 denoting 'inflammation.'   (F.) Piritonite,  In-
 flammation   dn  Piritoine.   The  characteristic
 signs of acute inflammation of the peritonaeum
 nre, — violent pain in the abdomen,  increased by
 the slightest  pressure, often by the simple weight
 of the  bed-clothes.  It generally occurs in the j
 parturient state; LodioperitonItis, nnd begins on ,
 the second or third  day after delivery.  At  times, \
a malignant  epidemic,  and perhaps contagious,
Variety has made its  appearance, and destroyed j
 numbers  of females.   This has been  described
 under the name Piter'petal Ferer, Metroperitoni-
 tis. Ene'cia Syn'ochus Puerpera'rum,  (F.)  Piri-
 tonite puerpirale,  Mitropiritonite  puerpirale,
 Fievre puerpirale, Typhuspuerjtiral, Erytlicmal-
 ic or Nouplas'tic Puerperal Peritonitis, Typho-
 ha'mic  Peritonitis, Adynarrlic  or Maliy'nant
 Puer'perul Fever, Low  Fever of Childbed.   It is,
 according to some, a malignant inflammation of
 the peritoneum and uterus; according to others,
 a  Uterine Phlebitis.  In  any  form it requires
 active  treatment,   early  employed.   Tbe  ap-
 pearances on dissection are such as occur when-
 ever  a. serous membrane has been  inflamed, and
 such  inflammation has produced death :—effusion
 of fluid  with  flakes of coagulable lymph in it;
 appearances of vascularity, &c., in the membrane.
 The treatment—in active peritonitis—must con-
 sist  of the same course as recommended under
 Enteritis.  In  the chronic kind,  symptoms must
 be combated  as they arise, and it may be  ad-
 visable to excite a new action in the  system by
 means of mercury.  In the epidemic and malig-
 nant variety, unless bleeding be freely  employed
 at the very outset, it does harm.  If used early,
 it is  of  decided  advantage.   Everything  de-
 pends upon arresting the morbid process  at  the
 outset.
   Peritonitis, Erythematic, see Peritonitis —
 p. Hepatica,  see Hepatitis—p.  Nonplastic,  see
 Peritonitis — p.  Puerperal,  see  Peritonitis — p.
 Typhohaamic, see Peritonitis.
   PERITTOMA, Excrement.
   PERITYPHLITIS;  from per?,  and typhlitis,
 inflammation  of tbe caecum.  Inflammation of
 the areolar substance  surrounding the caecum.
 See Typhlo-enteritis.
  PERI-UTERINE, Peri-uteri'mis, badly com-
 pounded  from  peri, and uterus.  That which is
 situated  around  the uterus; hence "periuterine
 inflammation"  or "periuterine phlegmon," — in-
 flammation of  the  areolar tissue  around the
 uterus.
  PERIWINKLE, LESSER, Vinca minor.
  PERIZO'MA, from irtpt^orvvv^t, (irtpi, and fuv-
 wpt. ' to gird,) ' to gird around.'  A bandage ; a
 girdle.  In Fabricius Hildanus, a truss.  Herpes
 zoster.   The diaphragm.
  PER'KINISM.  A therapeutical means, first
 employed  by  Dr. Elisha Perkins, of  Norwich,
 Connecticut, towards the termination of the last
 century,  and named after him.   It consisted in
 drawing over affected  or other parts the pointed
 extremities of two metallic  rods, called Metallic
 Tractors,  each  made of a different metal.  The
 success obtained, was  through the influence of
 the imagination ; and, consequently, as a  reme-
 dial agent, it ranks ns high ns animal magnetism,
 but no higher.   The operation  was, also, called
 Tractorn'tion.
  PER'KINIST.  A believer in and practiser of
 Perkinism.
  PERKINISTIC.   Relating  or  belonging to
 Perkinism.
  PERL A. Pearl, Paralampsis.
  PERLE. Pearl.
  PERMISTIO. Coition.
  PERMIXTIO, Coition.
  PERMOTIO. Motion.
  PERNICIEUN. Deleterious.
  PERNICIOSUS. Deleterious.
  PERNIO. Chilblain.
  PERNOCTATIO.  Insomnia.
  PEROCEPH'ALUS.  from  rrnpos,  'deficient,'
nnd Kf':iaXn, 'head.'  A monster with a  defective
head.
  PEROCOR'MUS,  from rrnpos,  'deficient.' and
Koopos. 'trunk.'  A  malformation  in which  the
trunk is  defective, and  too  short, from the ab- 
PERODACTYLEUS          6
sence of one or more vertebrae, — the head and
limbs being normal.
  PERODACTYLEUS, Flexor longus digitorum
pedis profundus perforans.
  PERODYNIA, see Cardialgia.
  PEROMEL'IA,  from  nnpos, 'deficient,' and
ueXos, 'a limb.'  Congenital misconstruction,  or
mutilation  of the limbs.  A genus in the noso-
logy of Good.
  PEROM'ELUS.   A monster possessed of the
deformity mentioned above.
  PER ONE, Fibula—p. Col du,  Collum fibulae.
  PERONE'AL, Perona'us, Fibula'ris, Fib'ular,
(F.) Pironier, from rrtpovn, 'the fibula.'  Belong-
ing or relating to the fibula.
  Peroneal Artery, Fib'ular, A.,  arises from
the popliteal, and  is situate deeply in the pos-
terior and  outer part of  the leg.   It gives off
branches of little importance.  Near the outer
ankle, it divides into two  branches.   1. The pos-
terior peroneal, which descends behind the lower
joint of the fibula, on the outer  surface of the
calcaneum.  2. The anterior peroneal, which
crosses  the inferior extremity of the interosseous
ligament, to be  distributed  on the dorsal surface
of the foot.
  Peroneal Muscles are  three in number.  1.
Peronaus  Precis seu Secundus seu Anticus seu
Me'dius, Semi-fibnla'us, (F.)  Grand-pironio-sus-
mitatarsien,  Court  pironio-lateral, Moyen Piro-
nier.  A muscle, situate  beneath the  peronaeus
longus.  It  is  attached above, to the outer sur-
face of the fibula,  and terminates, below, at tbe
posterior extremity of the  5th metatarsal bone,
after having been reflected beneath the malleolus
externus.  It extends the  foot upon  tho leg, at
the same time  raising a little the outer edge.  It
may, also,  act  upon the leg, and  extend it upon
the  foot.  2. Peronaus Longus seu primus  seu
posticus seu max'imus seu poste'rior, (F.) Tibi-
 pironio-tarsien, Long pironier lateral, Pironio-
sous-tarsien, (Ch.)  M^uscle grand  pironier.  This
muscle is situate at the outer part of the leg.  It
is long, thick, and triangular above; thin, nar-
row, and flat below.  It is attached above to the
outer edge of the upper extremity of the fibula,
and to the upper third of the outer surface of that
bone.  Below, it terminates at the outer part of
the posterior extremity  of the  first metatarsal
bone.  This muscle extends the foot on the  leg,
turning its point outward,  and raising its outer
edge.  It  acts, also, upon  the leg, which it ex-
tends on the foot.  3.  Peronaus Tertius, Nouns
 Vesu'lii, (F.) Pironier antirieur,  Petit pironio-
sus-mitatarsien (Ch.,) Petit  Pironier.   A muscle,
situate at  the anterior, outer, and inferior part of
the leg.   It is long and  flat, and  is attached,
above,  to  the  inferior third of the anterior mar-
gin and inner surface of the fibula; terminating,
below, at  the posterior extremity of the 5th me-
tatarsal bone.   This muscle bends the foot on the
leg, by raising its outer edge.  It can, also, bend
the leg on the  foot.
   Peroneal Nerve, see  Popliteal nerves.
   Peroneal Vein follows  the same  course as
the artery.
   PERONEDACTYLIUS,  Flexor longus digito-
rum pedis  profundus perforans.
   PfSRONEO-LATERAL COURT,  Peronaeus
brevis—p.  Phidanginien du gros orteil, Flexor
longus pollicis pedis—p. Sous-phalangettien du
 pouce,  Flexor  longus  pollicis pedis — p. Sons-
 tarsicn,  Peronaeus  longus—p. Stts-metatarsien,
 Peronaeus   tertius—p.  Sns-mitatarsien, grand,
 Peronaeus  brevis—p. Sus-phalangettien du pouce,
 Extensor  proprius  pollicis  pedis — p.  Tibi-sns-
 phalangettien  commun, Extensor communis digi-
8           PERSPIRATION
tornm pedis—p. Sus-phalangicn du pouce, Ex-
tensor proprius pollicis pedis.
   PERONEUM, Fibula.
   PERONIER, Peroneal.
   PERON1ER, GRAND,  Peronieus  longus —
p. Latiral, long, Perona?us longus — p.  Maycn,
Peronaeus brevis—p. Petit, Peronious tertius.
   PERONODACTYLLEUS, Flexor longus digi-
torum pedis profundus perforans.
   PERONODACTYLIUS,  Flexor  longus  digi-
torum pedis profundus perforans.
   PEROSO'MUS, from  irnpos,  'deficient,'  nnd
aorpa, 'body.'  A monster, whose whole  body is
imperfectly developed. — Guilt.
   PEROSPLANCH'NICA,   from   rrrjpos,  'defi-
cient,' and oirXay%rov,  ' a  viscus.'  Congenital
misconstruction of the viscera.  A  genus in the
nosology of Good.
 _  PERPENDICULUM HEPATIS, Suspensory
ligament of the  liver.
   PERPERACUTUS.   'Extremely acute.' An
epithet applied to very violent and rapid discuses.
   PERPLEXI MORBI, see Complication.
   PERPLICATIOX, Perplica'tio;  from  per,
'through,'  and plico, plicutum,  'to fold.'  A me-
thod  of tying arteries, which consists in making
a small incision in  the side of the artery, mar
its bleeding  orifice,  introducing a small  pair of
forceps, seizing the open extremity, and  drawing
it backward, through the aperture made in the
side of the vessel, so as to form a kind of knot.
   PERROSIN, see Pinus abies.
   PERRY COUNTY WARM SPRINGS. These
are in Pennsylvania, eleven miles  from  Carlisle,
and  fourteen  from   Harrisburg.   Temperature
67°;  impregnation not much.  They are used for
bathing.
   PERSEA  CAMFORA, see Camphor —p. Cas-
sia, Laurus cassia—p. Cinnamomum, Laurus cin-
namomum— p. Cubeba, Piper cubeba.
   Per'sea  Gratis'sima,  Laurus  Persea, Pnlta
tree, Avocado Fear.   A slender, very high tree
of Peru, with a small dome-like top, which grows
on the eastern declivity of the Andes, and  rises,
at times, to the  height of more than 60 feet.  Its
fruit—(S.)  Palta — which  is  pear-shaped, is
generally much liked.  It dissolves, like butter,
on the tongue, and  hence is called, in  some of
the French colonies, beurre vigitale. The leaves
are reckoned balsamic, pectoral and vulnerary.
The seeds  are very astringent.
   Persea Pichurim, see Pichurim beans — p.
Sassafras,  Laurus sassafras.
   PERSIAN FIRE, Anthracion.
   PERSICA VULGARIS, Amygdalus Persica.
   PERSICAIRE ACRE, Polygonum hydropiper
—p.  Brulante, Polygonum hydropiper—p. Douce,
Persicaria—p.  Poivrie, Polygonum hydropiper.
   PERSICARIA, Polygonum Persicaria—p. Mi-
nor, Polygonum Persicaria—p. Mitis, Polygonum
Persicaria — p.  Urens, Polygonum  hydropiper —
p.  Wandspiked,  Polygonum Virginianum—p.
Water, Polygonum aniphibium.
   PERSIL,  Apium  petroselinum —p. d'Ane,
Chaerophyllum  sylvestre—p. Faux, ./Ethusa cy-
napium— p. de Maeidoin, Bubon  Macedonicuui
— p. de Montague, Athamanta aureoselinum.
   PERSIMMON, Diospyros Virginiana.
   PERSOLATA, Arctium lappa.
   PERSOLLATA Arctium lappa
   PERSOLUTA, Arctium lappa.
   PERSPICILLUM, see Spectacles.
   PERSPIRABILE  SANCTORIANUM,  Per-
spiration.
   PERSPIRATION,  Perspira'tio, Trampidi-
 tto, Diffta'tio, Diap'noe, Diajnttc'a, Diapiieu'*<*,
| Perspirub'ile Sarictoria'num, from per,' through, 
PERSPIRATORY            6
 and spirare, spiratnm, ' to breathe, exhale.'  The
 insensible transpiration or exhalation continually
 going on at  the surface  of  the skin and mem-
 branes.  Sensible perspiration  is called sweat.
 The perspiratory fluid is secreted by an appro-
 priate glandular apparatus, termed by Breschet,
 diapnog"etiotis,  (F.)  Appareil  diapnogene;  the
 sudorip'arons glands, Gland'ula sndorip'ara, Or'-
 gana stnlorijr'ara, sweat  glands, consisting  of  a
 convoluted tube,  situate  beneath the true skin,
 and of spiral ducts,  which open obliquely under
 the scales of the epidermis.  A certain portion
 of the perspired fluid is  thrown off by ordinary
 physical evaporation.
   The Pulmonary exhalation or transpiration is
 that which takes  place into  the bronchia, and is
 sent out with the expired air.
   PERS'PIRATORY, Perspirato'rius, Trans'pi-
 ratory, Transpirato'rius, (F.) Pcrspiratoire, Trans-
 pirutoire.  Same etymon as  the  last.   Relating
 or belonging to, or the product  of, perspiration.
   PERSUIJATIO, Diapedesis.
   PERSULTATIO, Diapedesis.
   PERTE,  Metrorrhagia—p. d'Appetit, Ano-
 rexia—p.  de la Mimoire, Amnesia—p. de I'Odo-
 rat. Anosmia—p. de Sang, Haemorrhagia—p. de
 la Voix, Aphonia—p. de la  Vue, Caecitas.
   PERTE"REBRANT, Perter'ebrans, from per,
 'through,' and terebrare, 'to bore.'   The French
 give this epithet to an acute  pain — Douleur per-
 teribrante—which occasions  a sensation like that
 which would be  produced by an  instrument pe-
 netrating and lacerating a part; — the  pain from
 whitlow, for example.
   PERTES BLANCHES,  Leucorrhoea—p. de
 Sain/, Metrorrhagia—p. Siminales, Spermator-
 rhoea— p. Utirines,  Metrorrhagia—p.  Utirines
 blanches, Leucorrhoea—p. Utirines rouges, Me-
 trorrhagia.
   PERTICA  PER  SE, Penis.
   PERTURBATIONES  ANIMI, Affections  of
 the mind.
   PERTURBATRIX, (Medici'na) from pertur-
 bare, peiturbatum (per and  turbare) ' to disturb
 greatly.' Per'turbating treatment, (F.) Milhode ou
 Medeeine perturbatrice; a mode of treatment in
 which very active means are employed, and such
 as impress upon diseases a different course from
 that natural to them.  It is the antithesis to  the
 Medicina expectans.   Much evil  has resulted from
 such treatment, especially in febrile diseases.
   PERTUS'SIS, from per, and tussis, 'a cough,'
 'a violent  cough.'  Tussis fieri'na seu convulsiva
 seu pit'eras strung'ulans seu quinta seu stomacha'-
 lis seu an'hela clamo'sa sen stran'gulans seu  de-
 las'sans seu sitf'focans seu amphemer'ina  seu tus-
 sicnlo'sa seu sjrasmoelica seu  asini'na seu  cani'na,
 Bronchitis convulsi'.va, Bronchocephali'tis, Pneu-
 sis perfus'sis, Amphemei-'ina, Orthopnoe'a tussicu-
 lo'sn seu clango'sa seu suffocatlva  seu  clamo'sa
 seu spasmodica, Morbus Cucullus  seu cuciilla'-
 ris, Citcii'lus, Bechorthopriw'a, Bex convulsiva seu
 therio'des. Hooping-cough, Whooping-cough, Chin-
 cough, Kin-Cough, Kind-cough. (Germ. Kind, 'a
 child,') (Sc.) Kink-host, (Prov.) Kinkhaust,  (F.)
 Ctiqitehtche,  Catarrhe ou  Bronchite convulsive,
 Toux convulsive  ou  quintense ou  bleue. Maladie
 cnculaire.  A violent convulsive cough, returning
 by fits, (F.) Quintes,  at longer  or shorter inter-
 vals ; and  consisting of several expirations, fol-
 lowed by a sonorous  inspiration or whoop.   The
 fits of coughing generally recur more frequently
 during the nigiit, morning, and  evening, than in
 tho day.   It is  esteemed to be contagious, and
 attacks the young more particularly.  It is rare
 for it to affect an individual for the second time.
 The duration is  various. — six or eight weeks or
more.  Although the paroxysms are very violent,
it is not a dangerous  disease.   It  may, however,
PESSARY
give rise to other affections, as convulsions, pneu-
monia,  &c, when the complication is very dan-
gerous, as the cause cannot be removed.  Those
children suffer the least, who evacuate the con-
tents of the stomach during the fit.  In the treat-
ment, all that can be done is to palliate.  It must
be borne in mind, that the disease will, in time,
wear itself out.  If there  be such tensive pain
of the head, or fever, bleeding may be  required,
but it is seldom necessary.  Narcotics occasion-
ally afford relief,  but it  is temporary.   Gentle
emetics, given  occasionally, when the paroxysms
are long and dry, give decided relief,  and aid in
the expectoration ofthe moroid secretions. After
the  disease has continued  for some  weeks, and
persists in part from habit, change of air is essen-
tial, and this, even should the change be to an
atmosphere that is less pure.
   PERU, see Lima.
   PERUNCTIO, Inunction.
   PERVENCHE, Vinca minor.
   PERVER'SION, Perver'sio, from per and ver-
tere, versum, ' to turn.'  Dias'troplte, Diustrenl-
ma.  One ofthe four modifications  of  function in
disease:  the three  others  being  augmentation,
diminution, and abolition.   The  humourists used
this term  also to  designate disorder or morbid
change in the fluids.
   PERVERSION DE  LA TETE DES  OS
ET PES MUSCLES, Loxarthrus.
   PERVIGILIUM, Insomnia, Coma  vigil.
   PES, genitive  Pedis, rrovs, nooos, Ichnus, (Sc.)
Fit, (F.) Pied, 'the foot.' The inferior extremity
of the  abdominal member, representing a bony
arch, an elastic vault, which transmits the weight
of the  body to the ground.  It is divided  into
three parts; — the tarsus, metatarsus, and toes.
   Pes  Alexandrinus, Anthemis pyrethrum—p.
Anserinus, Chenopodium bonus Henricus, Facial
nerve — p. Cati. Antennaria Dioiea — p. Equinus,
Pes  equinus, see Kyllosis—p. Hippocampi major,
Cornu ammonis — p. Hippocampi minor, Hippo-
campus minor — p. Hippopotami  major, Cornu
ammonis — p. Hippopotami minor,  Cornu ammo-
nis— p. Leonis, Alchemilla.
  PESANTEUR,  Weight — p. SpSciflque, Gra-
vity, specific.
   PESE-ACIDE, Acidometer—p.  Liqueur, Are-
ometer— p.  Sirop, Saccharometer.
  PESETTE, Cicer arietinum.
  PESSAIRE, Pessary—p. Intra-uterin, Pessary,
intra-uterine.
  PES'SARY,  Pessa'rium, from  -rrtaaos, 'a small
stone;  a  pessary,'  Pessus,  Pcssum,   Pes'sulus,
Penicil'lus, Talus, Noil ulus uteri'nns, Supposito'-
riian  uteri'iium, Glans, Lemrris'cus,  (F.) Pessaire.
A solid instrument, composed  of cork, ivory, or
elastic gum, which  is introduced into  the vagina
to support the uterus, in cases of  prolapsus or
relaxation of that organ ;  to keep vaginal  hernia
reduced, <fec.   The ancients made use  of medi-
cated pessaries, which  they distinguished into
emollient, astringent, aperient, &c, and they are
still  used.  The  form of pessaries is very va-
riable;— round, oval, &c, according to circum-
stances.
  Pessary, Egyptian, ^Egyptius pessus.
  Pessary, Intra-u'terine, iS7e?n pessary, (F.)
Pessaire intra-ntirin, Redresseur utirin.  An  in-
strument  for rectifying  uterine  displacements —
as anteversion  and  retroversion, consisting of a
stem  which is  introduced  into  the uterus; this
stem is  attached to a flattened ovoid bulb or ball,
on which the cervix uteri rests.—Connected with
this  is an  external part or wire frame, which  is
attached, at one extremity, to a flat tubular por-
tion, passing into the vagina, to  be fixed  to the
intra-uterine portion. The wire frame is made to 
PESSULUS
press upon the pubis, so that the pessary can be
kept in position ?'?i utero.  This is essentially the
intra-uterine pessary of Professor Simpson  of
Edinburgh.
  Pessary, Stem, Pessary, intra-uterine.
  PESSULUS, Pessary, Penis.
  PESSUM, Pessary.
  PESSUS, Pessary.  .
  PEST. Plague.
  PESTE, Plague—p. Antonine, Plague of An-
toninus— p.  d'Athenes,  Plague of Athens—p.
Noire, Death, black.
  PESTICHLE, Petechia;.
  PESTICIDE, Petechia).
  PESTILENCE, Pestilen'tia, Pestilitas,  from
pestis, 'a pest.'  A malignant spreading disease;
— applied especially to plague.
  Pestilence, Choleric, Cholera spasmodica —
p. Glandular,  Plague — p. Haemagastric, Fever,
yellow — p. Septic, Plague.
  PESTILENT-WORT, Tussilago petasites.
  PESTILENTIA,  Plague —p. Haemagastrica,
Fever, yellow.
  PESTILENTTAL, Pestilentia'lis, Pestilentia'-
rius, Pcstilentio'sus, Pestilen'tus, (F.) Pestilentiel.
Relating or appertaining  to a pest or plague.
Pestilential diseases are  those that bear some re-
semblance to the plague in respect  to  mode of
propagation, symptoms, danger, &c.
  PESTILITAS, Plague.
  PESTIS, Plague — p. Acutissima, Plague — p.
Adeno-septica,  Plague — p. Americana, Fever,
yellow—p. Antoniniana, Plague of Antoninus—p.
Bellica,  Typhus — p. Britannica, Sudor  Anglieus
—p. Bubonaria orientalis, Plague—p. Contagiosa,
Plague—p. Glandulosa, Plague—p. Glossantbrax,
Glossanthrax—-p. Inguinaria, Plague — p. Inter-
tropica,  Fever, yellow—p. Nigra, Death, black—
p.  Occidentalis,  Fever,  yellow — p. Orientalis,
Plague — p.  Septica, Plague — p. Variolosa, Va-
riola.
  PESTLE, Pilum —p. Spring, see Pilum.
  PET. Fart.
  PETALE, Phtheiriasis.
  PETASITES, Tussilago  petasites —p. Hybri-
da, Tussilago petasites — p. Major, Tussilago pe-
tasites— p. Officinalis, Tussilago  petasites — p.
Rubens, Tussilago petasites — p. Vulgaris, Tussi-
lago petasites.
  PETAU'RUM.   A seat suspended by ropes, in
which a person  taking the  exercise sat, and was
tossed about by assistants.—Juvenal and Martial.
  PETE'CHliE, Petic'ula,  Pestiellia, Pestic"ia,
P it net ic'ul a, Pur'pura malig'na, Por'phyra  Gra-
co'r-um,  (F.) Pitichies.  Small  spots, similar in
shape and colour to flea-bites, which occur spon-
taneously upon the skin, in the course  of severe
fevers, <fec.  They are, under such circumstances,
signs of great prostration.
  Petechia sine Febre, Purpura simplex.
  PETE'CHIAL, Petecliia'lis;  same   etymon.
Resembling or accompanied by petechiae.
  PETECHIAL SCURVY, Purpura simplex.
  PETECHIANOSIS, Purpura haemorrhagica.
  PETER'S PILLS, Pilula) Aloes  et Cambogia;
— p.  Worm lozenges,  see Worm lozenges, Sher-
man's.
  PETICUL.E, Petechias.
  PETIGO, Impetigo.
  PETINA. Sole.
  PETIOLES,  Pediolus, diminutive of pes, 'a
foot.   A footstalk or leafstalk of a  plant.  A
petiole.
  Petioles  Epiglottidis.  The root of the Epi-
glottis.
  Petiolus Mallei. Manubrium mallei.
  PETIT  ARGENT,  Platinum—;?.   Courier,
Influenza—p. Lait, Serum lactis—p. Lait d'Hoff-
mann, Serum  lactis  Hoffmanni—p.  Mai,  see
00                PETROUS
I Epilepsy—p. Sus-niuxillo-labial, Levator anguli
 oris.
   PETITE-POSTE, Influenza.
   PETITS-LAITS, see Serum lactis.
   PETR.ELEUM, Petroleum.
   PETRiEUM, Solidago virgaurea.
   PETRAPIUM,  Bubon Maccdouicum.
   PETREOLE, Petroleum.
   PETREUN, Petrous— p. Os, see  Temporal
 bone.
   PETRO DEL PORCO,  Bezoar of the Indian
 porcupine.
   PETRO LE, Petroleum.
   PETRO'LEUM, Petrola'um, Pctra'leum,Petra
 oleum, Bitu'mcn Petroleum,  Pisscla'um In'dicum,
 Rock Oil, Petroleum Bttrbaderlse, Rttrbudoes Tar,
 (F.) Pitrole, ou Pitriole, from -rrtTpos, 'rock,' and
 tXaiov,  'oil.'   A  bituminous substance  flowing
 spontaneously from the earth, in various parts of
 the  world; of a  fetid  odour, and  bitter, acrid
 taste.   It  is semi-liquid, tenacious, semi-trans-
 parent;  of a reddish-brown  colour; insoluble in
 water  and alcohol;  combines  with fixed  and
 essential oils and  sulphur:  and is partially solu-
 ble  in ether.   The petroleum found at  Cabinn,
 near Beziers, in France, has been called Oleum
 Gabia'num,  (F.)  Huile de Gabion, Petroleum
 rubrum.  It has been  given as  an  excitant ex- '
 pectorant; and, mixed  with tincture of  assafce-
 tida, in tapeworm. It is, also, used externally in
 chilblains, chronic rheumatism, affections of the
 joints and skin, and paralysis.
   New  York Petroleum, called  Sen'eca  Oil, is
 used externally in similar cases.
   Petroleum Barbadense, Petroleum.
   Petroleum  Sulphura'tum, Bal'samum Sul-
 phuris Barbaden'se,—(Composed of petrol, Bar-
 bad. ,^xvj, fior. Sulph. jfiv)  has  been used as a
 pectoral; and  as  a detergent to  ulcers.   It has
 been accounted  antispasmodic   and  sudorific.
 Dose, gtt.  x. to xxx.  Externally, it is used as a
 stimulant  and discutient.
   PETRO-OCCIPTTAL, Petro-occipi talis.  Be-
 longing to the  petrous portion of the temporal
 bone and to the occipital bone.
   Petro-Occipital Suture is  formed  hy the
 junction of the petrous portion of the temporal
 with the  occipital bone.   It is  a deep groove
 separating the bones, which have between them
 a thin layer of cartilage.           «
   PETRO -SALPINGO-PHARYNGEUS.   A
 fleshy fasciculus, which  extends  from  the sphe-
 noid bone, from the petrous  portion of the tem-
 poral bone, and from the Eustachian tube to the
 upper part of the  pharynx.   See  Constrictor.
   PETRO-SALPINGO-STAPHYLINUS,  Cir-
 cumflexus—p.  Salpingo-staphylinus, Levator pa-
 lati— p. Stttplii/lin, Levator palati.
   PETRO-SPHENOID'AL, Petro-sphenoida'lis.
 Belonging to the petrous portion  of the temporal
 bone and to the sphenoid bone.
   Petro-Sphenoidal Suture; — a name given
 to the small suture which is formed  by the ante-
 rior edge of the petrous portion  of the temporal
 bone and the posterior edge of the sphenoid.
   PETROSAL, Petrous.
   PETROSELINUM,  Apium petroselinum —p.
 Macedonicum. Bubon Macedonicum. .
   PETROSUM, OS,  see Temporal.
   PETROUS, Petro'sns, Petro'sal, (F.) Pitrcux,
  Pierreux,  from irtrpa, and irtrpos, 'a stone.'  Re-
 sembling stone; having the hardness of stone.
 Relating or belonging to the petrous portion of
 the  temporal bone.
    Petrous Gan'glion, Petro'sal Ganglion, Gan-
 glion of Andersch, is formed by  the glossopha-
 ryngeal nerve, shortly after it emerges from the 
PETUM
701
PHAGEDENIC
jugular fossa.  From this ganglion, M. Jacobson I
of  Copenhagen   traced  an  anastomosing loop
through the cavity of the tympanum, which  left
branches there, and was thence reflected  down-
wards to join the Vidian nerve. — See Otic Gan-
glion.  This has been called the Nerve of Jacob-
ttnii, Tympan'ic branch  of the glosso-plutryngeal,
and the inosculation, Jacobsnn's Anastomo'sis.
   Petrous Portion  of Temporal Bone, see
Temporal Bone—p. Process, see Temporal Bone.
   Petrous Si'nuses, Petro'sal Sinuses, are two
venous sinuses of the dura mater, connected with
the petrous portion of  the temporal  bone, and
 distinguished on  each side, into :— 1.  The supe-
 rior petrosal sinus.   It  arises from  the cavernous
 Binus; follows the upper edge of the petrous por-
 tion which affords it a gutter;  passes  into the
 great circumference of the  tentorium cerebelli,
 and opens  into  the lateral sinus where the latter
 experiences a bend near the base of the pars pe-
 trosa.  Its  form  is  triangular.  2. The inferior
petrosal sinus arises frora the  cavernous sinus  at
 the same point as the last, with which it commu-
 nicates at the moment of its origin.  It descends
 between the inferior edge of the pars petrosa and
 the basilary process ; and terminates in the late-
 ral sinus, at the sinus or gulf of the internal ju-
 gular vein.  It,  is triangular, and  broader at  its
 extremities than at the middle,
    PETUM, Nicotiana tabacum.
    PETUN, Nicotiana tabacum.
    PEUCE, Pinus sylvestris.
    PEUCEA BALSAMEA, see Pinus abies.
    PEUCED'ANUM, from rrtvun, 'the pine tree,'
 its leaves  resembling those of the pine; P. offl-
 eina'le  seu alsat'icum seu altis'simum seu panicit-
 la'titm sen tema'tum, Seli'rmm peuced'annm, Mar'-
 athruni sylves'tre, Marathrophyllum, Pinastelhim,
 Foenic'iilnni porci'nnm,  Bonus Ge'nins,  Hog's Fen-
 nel, Sulphui-wort, (F.) Peucedan, Queue de Pvnr-
 eeau, Fenouil de Pore.   Ord. Umbelliferae.  Sex.
 Syst. Pentandria Digynia. The root has a strong,
 fetid smell — somewhat resembling  that of sul-
 phureous  solutions — and an  acrid,  unctuous,
 bitterish  taste.   It has been  recommended  as
 antihysteric and nervine.
    Peucedanum Alsaticum. Peucedanum—p. Al-
 tissimum,Peucedanum—p. Officinale,Peucedanum
 —p. Oreoselinum, Athamanta aureoselinum.
    Peucedanum  Palus'tre,   Thi/sse'lium   seu
 Sell num palus'tre, Selinnm sylves'tre  sen thysse-
 li'nuin  seu lactes'cens,  Thysseli'num, Ol»nit"ium,
 Marsh  sellnum,  a European  plant, has been  re-
 commended as an anti-epileptic.  In Courland, it
 has been a famous remedy in epilepsy.
    Peucedanum Paniculatum, Peucedanum — p.
 Pratense, P. silaus.
    Peucedanum Si'laus, P.praten'se. Ses'eti pra-
 ten'se, Sium seu Ligus'ticum seu Cnid'inm sil'aiis,
 Saxifrai/a vulga'ris  seu An'glica,  Hippmnar'-
 athruin, F,vnic' idum cr'rati cum, English or Meadow
 Sax'ifrage,  (F.)  Sisili  des  pris.   The  roots,
 leaves, and seeds have been  recommended  as
 aperients,  diuretics,  and carrainatves.   Rarely
 used.
    Peucedanum Ternatum, Peucedanum.
    PEUPLIER, Populus—p.  Baumier, Fagara
 octandra«— p. de la Caroline, Fagara octandra —
 p. Franc, Populus—p Nn'r, Peucedanum.
    PEXTS, Concretion.
    PEY'ERI GLAN'DULiE, Pey'eri Plexus glan-
 dnlo'si. Gland'ula Peyeria'na, seu muco'sa, coag-
 mina'ta sen agmina'ta seu mucip'ara mcema'tim
 conges'ta intestino'rum  seu intestina'les plexifor'-
mes sen  spu'ria,  Corpus'cula  gland ill a'rum  si-
vn'l'ia, Gland'ula in ai/men congrega'ta intestino'-
.rum, Enteratle'ites,  Peyer's  Glands, Ag'minated
or aggregate  glands.   Small glands or follicles,
situate beneath the villous coat of the intestines,
called  after  Peyer, who  well  described  them.
They are  clustered together,  (F.)  Plaques de
Peyer, having a honey-comb appearance — Pla-
ques ganfries — and  are  extremely  numerous.
They occur most numerously in the lower portion
of the ileum, and resemble, in  their morphology
and functions,  the lymphatic  ganglions.  They
are, evidently, concerned in the great function of
lymphosis.
   PEZA, rrtlfl, Doric  and Arcadian  for irons, 'a
foot.' The foot: according to some, the sole of the
foot; and to others, the astragalus.   The ankle.
   PEZI'ZA  seu PEZE'ZA AURICULA, from
vtt,a,  ' the sole of  the foot,' Tremella auric'ula
Juda, Auricula Juda, Auricula'ria sarnbu'ei sen
sambu'eina,  Exid'iit  auric'ula  Juda,  Meru'lius
auric'ula, Fungus sambu'einus, Agar'icus Auric'-
ula formd, Jew's Ear.  Ord. Fungi.   This  fun-
gus is said to be astringent; but has chiefly been
used as a gargle in relaxed sore throat-
   PFEFFERS   or  PFAFFERS,  MINERAL
WATERS OF, Therma  Piperi'na,  Th.  faba'-
ria.   These springs, which are in the Swiss Alps,
are simply thermal:  temperature  100° of Fah-
renheit.
   PHACE, Pha'cea, Phaeus, tjraKrj, 'a grain of
the .lentil,'  Ervum lens.   Also, chloasma; the
crystalline lens; and  a flask for the application
of heat, so called owing to its  flattened lens-like
shape.
   P1IACELLUS, Fasciculus.
   PHACELUS, Fasciculus.
   PHAC1IYMENITIS, Phacohymenitis.
   PHACI, Ephelides.
   PHA'CICUS, Pharo'trts, Phaco'des; from 0a/rij,
'lens.'   Lens-shaped,  lenticular.
   PHACITIS, Pliacoirleltis,  Lentltis, rrystal-
11 tis,  Cristallo'irtltis,  Gleni'tis, from  t/jasos, ' a
lens,' and ?7?"«, a termination denoting inflamma-
tion.  Inflammation of the crystalline lens [?].
Inflammation of the capsule of the lens is termed
 Capsltis.  Capsulitis, and  Crystal'lino-eapsulltis,
   PHACO'DES. Phncieus.
   PHACOHYMENITIS,  Phalcomenltis. Phac-
 hymeni'tis, Infiamma'tio  cap'sula lentis; from
tpaitos, 'a. lens,' 'vpnv, 'a membrane,' and ?7i"s, de-
 noting inflammation.  Inflammation of the cap-
 sule of the crystalline.
   PHAOOIDEITIS. Phacitis.
   PHAOOMALACIA, Cataract, soft.
   PHACOPIS.  Phaco'tns;  from  tjraKr,,  'lens,'
 and no-iris. ' a knife ;'  Sealpel'lum lenticii/a're..  A
lenticular-shaped knife.
   PHACOPSTS, from tpattn, 'lens,' and o^ij, 'vi-
 sion.'  Tbe  state  of one  who  has  chloasma  or
 freckles on the face.
   PHACOPTIS'ANA,  Pha'cinm;  from  tpaiar,
 'lens,'and irnaavn, 'drink.'  A drink of lentils.
 A poultice of lentils.
   PHACOS, Ervum lens.
   PHAOOSTOTOMA, Cataract.
   PHACOTUS, Phacicus, Phacopis.
   PHACUS, Phace.
   PH.ENTGMUS. Phenigmus.
   PH.ENOMENOLOGIA. Semeiology.
   PHENOMENON, Phenomenon.
   PHAG/ENA. Boulimia.
   PHAGEDENA, Boulimia, Phagedenic ulcer—
p. Sloughing, ofthe mouth, Cancer aquaticus—p.
Gangraenosa. Hospital gangrene.
   PHAGEDENTC, Phageda'nicus,  Depas'cens,
(F.1 Phagidinique, Rongeant, from tpayio, 'I eat.'
   Phagedenic Ulcer, Nome, Phageda'na, URcns
depas'cens seu  obam'bulans  seu fieri'num,  (F.)
 Ulcere phagidinique ou rongennte, is one which
rapidly eats  and corrodes the neighbouring parts.
   Phagedenic, in Materia Medica, is a substance 
PHAKOHYMENITIS
02
PHARMACODYNAMICS
used for destroying fungous  granulations in ul-
cers, &c.
  PHAKOHYMENITIS, Phacohymenitis.
  P1IALACRA, Calvities.
  PIIALACROMA, Calvities.
  PIIALACROSIS, Calvities.
  PHAEACROTIS,  Alopecia.
  PHALENA P1NGUINALIS, see Eetozoa.
  PHALAIA.  A barbarous term, employed  by
Basil Valentine to desiguate a universal medicine
or panacea.
  PHALAN'GAL, Phalan'gian, Phalangia'nus,
from ipaXuyZ, qraXayyos, 'a phalanx.'  Having  re-
lation to a phalanx.
  PHAEANGARTHRITIS, from <paXayltj>aXay-
yos,  'a  phalanx,'  apdpov,  'a  joint,' and itis, de-
noting inflammation.  Gout in the fingers.  In-
flammation of the joints of the fingers.
  PHALANGE,  Phalanx.
  PHALANGES DES DOIGTS, see Phalanx—
p. of the  Fingers, see Phalanx — p. des Orteils,
see Phalanx — p. of the Toes, see Phalanx.
  PHALANGETTES, see Phalanx.
  PHALANGETTIEN.   Professor  Chaussier
uses this  term for any thing  relating to the third
phalanx of the fingers or toes, — Phalangicn,  for
what relates to the first, — and  Phalanginien, to
the second.
  PHALANOIAN, Phalangal.
  PHALANGIEN,  see  Phalangettien.
  PHALANGINES, see Phalanx.
  PHALANGINIEN, see Phalangettien.
  PHALANGIUM  ESCULENTUM, Scilla  es-
culenta.
  PHALANGO'SIS, Hispid'itas,  from tjraXayl,
tpaXayyos, 'a phalanx,'  'a row  of soldiers.'   An
affection  of the eyelids  in which  the  lashes are
arranged in two or  three rows.   See  Trichiasis.
Also, dropping of the upper eyelid, from paralysis
of the levator palpebra;  superioris muscle.
   PHALANX, Phalan'ge, Phalango'ina.  Same
etymon.  A name given to the small bones which
form the  fingers and toes, because  placed  along-
side each other like a phalanx.  They are  distin-
guished into  the  Phalanges  of the fingers, Ossa
seu Ag'mina seu  A'cies seu Artic'uli seu Scntic'-
n/a  seu Scu'tula, seu Nodi seu Interno'dia  seu
Scytalides seu Con'dyli Digito'rum Mantis ; and
the  Phalanges of the Toes, Ossa seu Artic'uli  seu
Interno'dia Digito'rum  Pedis.   I.  Phalanges of
the fingers,  (F.) Phalanges des doigts.  They are,
in each hand, fourteen,—three to each finger, and
two to the thumb; and are situate one above  the
other. They are distinguished, numerically, reck-
oning from the base towards the tip of the  finger.
 ]. The first or metacarpal, Procorldyli, (F.) Pre-
mieres phalanges ou Phalanges mitacarpiennes,
2. The second or middle phalanges, (F.) Secondes
 phalanges ou Phalanges moyennes, Phalangines,
 (Ch.)  3. The third phalanges, Metacon'dyli, Pha-
 1 nlges un'giiium, (F.)   Troisiemes jihalangcs ou
 Phalanges ungiteales ou  nnguiferes ou ungninales,
 Phalangites  (Ch.),  which terminate each  finger,
 and support the nail.  II. Phalanges of the toes,
 (F.) Phalanges  des  Orteils.   They are the same
 in  number as those  of the fingers, but  much
 smaller, and of a very different shape.
   The  phalanges of a finger or toe are  united
 with each other; and the first with the metacar-
 pal  or metatarsal bone.   They are developed
 from two points of ossification ; one for the supe-
 rior extremity, and the  other for the body  and
 inferior extremity.
   PHAL'ARIS   CANARIEN'SIS,   P.   ova'ta,
 (baXapos—from 0ou), ' I shine,'—'bright, shining,'
 in  application to the seed.) Cultivated Canary
 Grass, (F.) Alpiste.   Ord. Gramineae.  Sex. Syst.
 Triandria  Digynia.   The   seed  of  this  grass,
 Canary seed, (F.) Graines d'aspie, afford  a nou-
rishing meal.  The ancients recomincndod them
for allaying pains in  the kidney ami bladder.
  Phalaris Zizanoides, Andropogon niuricatiis
  PHALLAL'GIA,  Phallodyn'ia, from  <paXXo<,
'the male organ,' and aXyos, ' pain.'  Pain in the
male organ.
  PHALLANCYLOSIS, Chordee.
  PHALLITIS, Priapi'tis, from  tbaXXos, 'the
male organ,' and ?7/«, a suffix denoting inflamma-
tion.  Inflammation  of the male or'an.
  PHALLOCAMPSIS. Chordee.
  PHALLOCARCINO'MA, from tpaXXos,  'the
male organ,' and Kapmvuipa, ' cancer.'   Carcinoma
or cancer of the penis.
  PHALLODYNIA, Phallnlgia.
  PHALLON'CUS,  from tpaXXos, 'the male or-
gan,' and oyKos, 'swelling.'  Tumefaction of the
male organ.
  PHALLOPSOPH'IA,  frora  tpaXXos, 'the male
organ,' and d-o^os, 'a noise.'  Discharge of wind
from the male urethra.
  PHALLORRHAG'TA, from tpaXXos, 'the male
organ,' and pnyvvpt, 'I break out,'  Hemorrhage
from the male urethra.   Stimatosis.
  PIIALLORRHCEA, Gonorrhoea.
  PHALLORRHOIS'CHESIS, from  ipaXXos,' the
male organ,' po>?, ' discharge,' and  la^ctv, 'to with-
hold.'  Sudden arrest of a gonorrhoeal discharge.
1  PHALLUS, Penis — p. Esculentus, Morchella
esculenta.
  PHANEROG'AMOITS, Phanerogam'ic, Phane-
rogam'icus, (F.)  Phanirogame, from tbavtpos. (tpanr,
'I shine,') 'evident,' and yapos, 'marriage.'  An
epithet used by botanists for plants whose sexual
organs are apparent.  Itis, consequently, tho op-
posite to cryptogamous.
  PIIANTASIA, Delirium, Imagination.
  PHANTASM, Phantas'rna,  Phanto'ma, Phas-
ma, from tpavrafa, (tf>aivor, ' I bring to light,') ' I
make appear.'   A phantom, false appearance, ap-
parition.   Hallucination.   Derangement  of  the
sense of  sight  or of  the intellectual faculties,
causing objects  to be perceived,  which are  not
before the eyes.
  PHANTASMA, Pseudoblepsia.
  PHANTASMATICUS, Phantasticus.
  PIIANTASMATOSCOPIA,  Metamorphopsia.
  PHANTASMOSCOPIA, Metamorphopsia.
  PHANTASTICUS, Inebriant.  Creating phan-
tasms — phantasmal icus.
  PHANTOM, Fantom—p. Tumour,  see Fantom.
  PHANTOMA, Phantasm — p.  Obstetricium,
Fantom.
  PHARMACEIA.  Poisoning
  PHARMACEUM, Apotheca.
  PHARMACEUS,  Apothecary.
  PHARMACEUTA, Apothecary.
  PHARMACEUTIC,  Pharmaceu'tiais,  Phar-
maceutical, Pharmaceuticrllis, (F.)  Phariiincen-
tique, from tpappa<ov, 'a medicine.' An epithet for
every thing  belonging  to pharmacy.  Thus,  we
say, Pharmaceutical preparations, &C.
  PHARMACEUTICS, Pharmacy.
  PHARMACEUTIST,  Apothecary.
  PHARM A CIEN Apothecary.
   PIIARMACOCATAGRAPIIOLOG'TA, Coin-
grapholog"ia, Ars for'mtilas concinnnn'di, from
<puppanov, 'a medicine,' Kara, 'beneath.' ypatpn, 'a
writing,' and Xoyos,  'a description.'   The art of
writing prescriptions.—J. J. Plenck.
   PHARMACOCHYMIA,  Chymistry,  pharma-
ceutical.
   PHARMACODYNAMTCS,  from  tfappanov, 'a
medicine,' and Svvapis,  'power.' Plmriiineoiiy-
nam'iee, Dynam'ical Materia Medica, Phiii-iiiiii-n-
dynam'ica doctri'na, Pharmacodynamiolog"ia. A
division of pharmacology, which considers  the
effects and uses of medicines. 
   PHARMACODYNAMIOLOGIA    71

  PHARMACODYNAMIOLOGIA,  Pharmaco-
dynamics.
 " PHARMAOOCNOS'rA, Aceognos'ia, Acognos'-
in, from tpappaicov,' a medicine,' andyvoiats. 'know-
ledge.'  A division of pharmacology, which treats
of simples, or unprepared medicines.
  PHARMACOLOGIA, Materia medica.
  PHARMACOMA'NTA, from  tpappasov. 'a me-
dicine,' and pavi<i, 'mania.'  One  who  has a ma-
nia for prescribing or for taking medicine.
   PIIARMACON, Poison.
   PHARMACOPOEIA,  Pharmacopo?'a,  Codex
medicamenta'rins,  (F.)  Pharmacopie,  from  tpap-
paicov, ' a medicine,' and nottor, ' I make.'  A work,
containing a collection  of formuhc for the  pre-
paration, &c., of medicines : generally published
by authority.  Formerly, a chemical  laboratory,
Lnhorntn'rium cht/m'icum seu pharmaeeut'icum.
   PHARMACOPCEUS, Apothecary, Druggist.
   PHARMACOPOLA, Apothecary, Druggist.
   PHARMACOPOLE,  Apothecary, Druggist.
   PHARMACOPOLI'UM, Apothe'ca,  Offici'na,
 Tuber'na Med'ica.  The shop of the druggist  or
apothecary, (F.) Apothicairerie,  from  tpappaicov,
'a medicine,' and iroiXem, 'I sell.'
   PHARMACOPOS'IA, from ajapnaicov, 'a medi-
citie,' and iroais, ' a potion.'  A liquid medicine,
especially one that is cathartic.
   PIIARMACO'SA   MEDICAMENTA,  from
tpaopaKov,  'a poison.'   Medicines  that contain
poisonous substances. — Fallopius.
   PHARMACOTHE'CA, <papuaico$nicn, frora <pap-
panov,  ' a medicine,' and riSnut,  ' I place.'  A case
fur medicines.  A medicine chest.
   PIIARMACOTHERAPI'A, from tPappasov, and
depavtta,  'treatment.'  Cure  of diseases  by re-
medies.
   PIIARMACTER,  Apothecary.
   PHARMACUM,  Medicament, Poison—p.
yEgyptiacum, iEgyptiacum—p.  Amatorium, Phil-
ter.
   Phar'macum AD  Aures, JEgyp'tium Medica-
inen'tum ad Aures.  A name given to a medicine,
composed of bitter almonds, white pepper, saf-
fron, myrrh, opium, frankincense, castor, verjuice,
sulphate of iron, vinegar, pomegranate-bark, un-
guentum nardinum,  Ac.   It  was  believed to  be
useful for cleansing fetid ulcers in the ears.
   PHARMACURGICUS, Apothecary.
   PHARMACURGUS, Apothecary.
   PHAR'MACY,  Pharmacia, Pharmaceu'tice,
Pharmax'is,  from  tpappaicov,  ' a medicine.'  The
art which teaches the knowledge, choice,  preser-
vation, preparation,  and  combination  of medi-
cines.  It was formerly  divided  into  Galen'ical
and Chym'ical.  The former, called after Galen,
embraced the operations  undertaken on medi-
cines  without chymistry: — the latter,  Chymical
Pharmacy or Pharmacen'tic Chymistry, Pharma-
t-achi/m'ia,  comprised the preparation of medi-
cines,  founded  on the chymical  action of their
principles.
   PI1ARMAXTS. Pharmacy.
   PHARNA'CEUM  LINEA'RE,  called after
Pharnaces, King of Pontus.   A  South  African
plant, Nat. Ord.  Paronychiaceae, employed at the
Cape  in  pulmonary affections.  It is generally
given  in infusion.
   PHARUS, Pharynx.
  PHARYGATHRON,  Pharynx.
  PIIARYGETHRUM, Pharvnx.
  PHARYNG.E'UM  (SAL.),   from  pharynx,
pharyngis.    A compound of  cream   of  tartar,
nitrate of potassa, burnt alum, and distilled vine-
gar.  It  was  formerly employed, united with
honey and plantain-water, to make gargles, which
were advised  in quinsy.
  PITA 11 YNGE. Pharyngeal.
  PHARYNGEAL, Pharynga'ns,(Y.) Pharyngi,
3        PHARYNGOGLOSSAL

Pharyngien.  Same etymon.  That which relates
to the pharynx.  A name given to the muscles,
vessels, and nerves of the pharynx.
   Pharyngeal Arteries.   These  are  two  in
number.  The one—superior or ptcrygo-pahttine,
Ramus Pharynga'us supe'rior of Haller — arises
from the internal maxillary at  the  base of  tbe
zygomatic fossa, passes  through tbe  pterygo-
palatine canal,  and proceeds to  be distributed to
the pharynx and the corresponding part of  the
Eustachian  tube.   The  other — the inferior —
Pharynga'a  ascen'dens  of Haller — arises from
the external carotid, on  a level with the facial.
It ascends along the lateral and  posterior part
of the pharynx,  and  divides  into two branches;
the one—the pharyngeal, properly so called — is
distributed to the pharynx ; the other — the  me-
ningeal— gives its branches particularly to  the
dura mater.
   Pharyngeal Nerve.  A branch  sent by  the
pneumogastric  to the pharynx.   It descends  be-
hind  the internal carotid;  communicates with
the glosso-pharyngeal;  and divides,  opposite  the
middle  constrictor of the pharynx, into a great
number of filaments, which anastomose, in a mul-
titude of different directions, with filaments of the
glosso-pharyngeal nerve, of the superior laryn-
geal branch, and of the  first cervical ganglion.
These  different nervous  filaments united consti-
tute the pharyngeal ])le.nts, the  irregular meshes
of  which send numerous ramifications to  the
pharynx.
   Pharyngeal Voice, see Voice.
   PHARYNGEMPHRAX'IS, from ipapvyt,  tpa-
pvyyos,  ' the pharynx,' and tptppa^ts, 'obstruction.'
Obstruction of  the pharynx.
   PHARYNGETHRON, Pharynx.
   PHARYNGEURYSMA, Pharyngocele.
   PHARYNGICUS, Pharyngeal.
   PHAR YNGIEN, Pharyngeal.
   PHARYNGITE, Cynanche  pharyngea — p.
Tonsillaire, Cynanche tonsillaris.
   PHARYNGITIS, Cynanche pharyngea.
   Pharyngitis Apostemato'sa.  Abscess of the
pharynx.
   Pharyngi'tis, Diphtherit'ic, Angi'na psendo-
membrana'cea seu membrana'cea seu  pellicula'ris
seu plas'tica seu diphtheritica seu malig'na  seu
pseudo-membrano'sa seu pestilcntia'lis, Pharyn-
goc'aee,  Pseudo-membranous Inflammation of the
Throat,  (F.) Angine conennense ou guttnrnle cou-
enneiise  ou pseudo-membraneuse ou plastiqne  ou
diphthiritique.   From  pharynx, and itis, denot-
ing inflammation.  Diphtheritic  inflammation of
the pharynx.   See Cynanche maligna.
   Pharyngi'tis, Follic'ular, Follicular Inflam-
mation ofi the Pharynx, Angi'na folliculo'sa ofi the
Pharynx, Acne ofthe  Throat.  Inflammation and
enlargement of the follicles of the pharynx,  oc-
casionally extending to  the larynx.   Sometimes
termed  Clergyman's Sorethroat,  Tubercles of the
Larynx and Fauces, and  Tuber'cular  Sorethroat.
   Pharyngi'tis, Gangrenous,  Cynanche  ma-
ligna.
   PHARYNGOCACE, Pharyngitis, diphtheritic.
  PHARYNGOCE'LE,  Pharyngeurys'ma,  Di-
verticulum seu  Hernia seu Prolap'sns GSsaph'agi
seu pharyn'gis, CEsnph'agns snecenturia'tus, from
tpapvyt],  tpapvyyos, 'the pharynx,'  and rcr/Xn,   'a
tumour.'  An enlargement at the upper part of
the gullet, in which the  food  sometimes rests in
considerable quantity.
  PHARYNGODYNTA,  from tpapvyt, tpapvyyos,
'the pharynx,'  and o<W??, 'pain.'  Pain in  the
pharvnx.
  PHARY NGOGLOSS'AL,  Glossopharyngeal,
Pharyngoglossia'nits.  That which belongs to  the
pharynx and tongue.
  Pharyngoclossal  Nerve, Glossopharyngeal 
PIIARYNGOGRAPHY         704              PIIENIGMUS
Nerve, Lingua'lis latera'lis, (F.) Nerf Glossoplia-
ryngie.n,  Pharyngoglossien — a portion  of the
eighth pair—arises from the superior and lateral
parts of the spinal  marrow,  between the facial
and  pneumogastric nerves, by several filaments,
which soon unite into a single cord, that passes
out of the cranium by the foramen lacerum  ante-
rius ; goes  downwards  and forwards,  and gains
the  posterior and inferior part  of the tongue.
Immediately after its exit from  the cranium,  it
gives a branch to the meatus auditorius externus.
and  receives  a  filament  from  the facial,  and
another from  the pneumogastric nerve.   It then
furnishes  two other filaments,  which  descend
upon the carotid  artery, and  unite at the bottom
of the neck with branches from the  cervical gan-
glions and cardiac nerves,  and give two filaments
to the stylo-pharyngeus muscle.  The glossopha-
ryngeus, after sending a twig or two  to the tonsil,
to the upper part of the pharynx and membrane
of  the epiglottis, divides  into  many branches
which run partly to the margin, and partly to the
middle of the root  of the tongue;  supplying,
especially, the papillae  majores, and the parts  in
their neighbourhood.
  By some, this nerve is regarded as the controller
of the associated motions ofthe tongue and pha-
rynx.  By others, it is esteemed to be the special
nerve of gustation.
  PHARYNGOG ' RAPHY,  Pharyngogra'phia,
from ipapvyl;, tpapvyyos, ' the pharynx,' and ypaipn,
'a description.'  An anatomical  description of
the pharynx.
   PHARYNGOL'OGY,  Pharyngolog"ia,  from
tpapvyl-, tpapvyyos, 'the  pharynx,' and  Xoyos, 'a
discourse.'  The  part of anatomy  which treats
of the pharynx.
  PHARYNGOLYSIS, Pharyngoplegia.
  PHARYNGOPARALYSIS, Pharyngoplegia.
  PHARYNGOPLE'GIA, from tpnpvy?, tpapvyyos,
'the  pharynx,' and rrXijaaoi, 'I strike.'   Dyspha'-
gia parolyt'ica seu tor'pida seu aton'ica, Angina
paralyt'iea, Asthenia Deghttitio'nis, Pharyngol-
ysis,  Pharytigiiparat'ysis, Paralysis (Esogpllagi,
Gula Iinbecillitas.  Paralysis  of  the pharynx  or
oesophagus:  commonly a symptom of general
paralysis, or of approaching dissolution.
  PIIARYNGORRHAG'TA; from tpapvyt:, tpa-
pvyyos, 'the pharynx,' and puyn, 'rupture.'  Hge-
inorrhage from the vessels of  the pharynx.
  PHARYNGOSPAS'MUS.from tpapvyl tpapvyyos,
'the pharynx,' and  a-naapos, 'spasm.'  Spasm or
cramp of the pharynx.
  PH A R Y N G OSTAPHYLINUS, Palato-pha-
ryngeus.
   PHARYNGOTOME, Pharyngot'omus,  from
tpapvyl, tpapvyyos, 'the  pharynx,' and Tt/ivoi, T
cut.'   An instrument,  invented  by J. L. Petit,
used to scarify inflamed tonsils, and to open ab-
scesses, which  form  in  the parietes of the pha-
rynx.  It is  composed of a  long, narrow blade
with  a lancet point, enclosed in  a  sheath or
canula of silver slightly curved.  This instrument
is carried to the part to be cut, and the point of
the blade is made to pass out of the sheath, by
pressing on a  button at the end of the pharyngo-
tome.  A spring causes the blade to re-enter as
soon  as the  pressure is  removed.
  PHARYNGOT'OMY, Pharyngotom'ia ;  same
etymon.  Some  authors  have used  this  word
synonymously with  oesophagotomy.  It  means,
also,  scarification of the  tonsils, or an incision
made for opening abscesses there, &c.
  PHARYNX, <p,ipiy^, Pharynx, tpapvl;,  Pharus,
Gula, Lamos,  Fauces,  Pliar'yg'ethrum, Pharyrl-
gethron,  Pharyn'gethros, Phnrygathron, Isth'mos,
Isth'mion, Iugln'vies, Princip'ium Gula, Os pos'-
teritrn, Gorges, (F.) Arriere-bouehe, Cosier, Gorge.
A species of  niusculo-meinbranous, symmetrical
j| canal, on  the  median line,  irregularly funnel-
 shaped, and situate between the base of the cra-
 nium and the  oesophagus,  in front of tho verte-
 bral  column.   It  is  very   narrow  above;  but
 dilates in the middle, nnd again contracts below,
 at its junction with the oesophagus.  Into the an-
 terior paries of the pharynx open, successively,
 from above to below,—the posterior orifices of the
 nasal fossa;; the Eustachian tubes; the posterior
 aperture of the mouth, and  the top of the larynx.
 The pharynx is  formed, externally, of a muscu-
 lar coat, and, internally, of  a mucous membrane,
 which is  continnous, ahove, with  the Schneider-
 ian membrane; and in the  middle, with  that of
 tbe mouth; below, with that of the oesophagus;
 and,  at tbe  sides,  with that of the  Eustachian
 tubes.  This membrane has no villi, and  presents
 only  a few inequalities, which are owing to  the
 presence  of  muciparous follicles.  The muscular
 coat of the pharynx is  composed of the constric-
 tor muscles, stylopharyngei, and pharyngosta-
 phylini.   The vessels and nerves are called pha-
 ryngeal.    The  pharynx  serves  as  a common
 origin for the digestive and  respiratory passages.
 It gives passage to the air, during respiration;
 and to the food at the  time  of deglutition.
    Pharynx, Follicular Inflammation of the,
 Pharyngitis, follicular.
    PIIARYX, Pharynx.
    PHASELUS, Phaseolus
    PHASE'OLUS, ipaanXos,  tpaonoXos, tpaatoXos, P.
  Vulga'ris, Phaslolus, Phuse'lns, Fase'lns, Fuse'-
 olus, Bona, Boona, Faba ; Kidney Bean; French
 Bean ; (F.) Fasiole, Haricot.  Ord. Leguminosa;.
 Sex.  Syst. Diadelphia  Decandria.  When young
 and well  boiled, this  is easy of  digestion, nnd
 delicately  flavoured.   It  is less  flatulent than
 the pea.
    Phaseolus  Creticus,  Cajan,  Cnyun.   A de-
 coction of the leaves, according to Ray, restrains
 the hemorrhoidal flux  when  excessive.
    Phaseolus Vulgaris, Phaseolus.
    PHASIA'NUS GALLUS, so called from the
 river, ''Pacts, in  Colchis, near the Black Sea: (F.)
 Coq.  The parts of generation of  the cock, dried
 and pulverized, were formerly regarded ns proper
 for increasing  the  quantity  of semen.   The fut
 was used  as  emollient and  resolvent;  the brain,
 in diarrhoea; the gall, in freckles and diseases of
 the eyes.   These phantasies are now abandoned.
    PHASLOLUS, Phaseolus.
    PiJASMA, Phantasm.
    PHATNE, Alveolus.
    PHATNION.  Alveolus.
    PHATNORRHAG"IA,   Stomatorrhagia  al-
 veola'rum, from tparviov, 'an alveolus,'and pnyivpt,
 T break  forth.'   Hemorrhage from tbe alveoli.
    PHAUSIN'GES, tpavaiyyts, plural  of  0«»ffiy|,
 from  qravfa,  'I  roast.'  Spots or blisters on the
 legs, produced by heat: and, in a more extensive
 signification, by any other  cause. Also, a pus-
 tule. — Foesius.
    PHELLANDRE, Phellandrium aquaticum.
    PHELLAN'DRIUM AQUATTCUM, Phellnn-
 drinm, (Enan'the phellan'tlriuni seu aqnalica, Li-
 gns'ticum  phellnn'tlriiim, Fcenie'itlum tiqunt'icuni,
 Ciciita'ria aquatica,  Water Fennel, Fine-lenved
  Water Hemlock, (F.) Pliellaudre,  Fenouil d'eau,
 Cigne d'eau, Millefieuille  aquatique.   Ord. Um-
 belliferae.  Sex. Syst. Pentandria Digynia.  This
 plant is  stimulant  and narcotic. It has been
 used in intermittents and dyspepsia.  It has, also,
 been  given in  phthisis pulmonalis, and  in casts
 of scrofulous atonic ulcers.
    PHENE. Benzole.
    PH ENIG'M US. Phernig'mxts,Phanitfimus, from
 epotvti,, 'red.'   Red Jaundice.  A cutaneous affec-
 tion,  consisting of redness diffused over the skin,
I without fever.   Sauvages makes it a genus of his 
PIIE NO 31 EXE
705
PHLEGM
order I, tedtia.  Also, the act of irritating a part
by a stimulating application.
  PIIENOMENE, Phenomenon.
  PHENOMENON, Phaiiom'enon, (F.) Phino-
mlne, from tpatvopat, ' I appear.'  An extraordi-
nary and  unexpected  event.  In  Medicine, it
means any change, appreciable  by our senses,
which  supervenes  in an organ or function:—as
the phenomena, of the circulation, respiration, <fec.
It  is used  iu pathology,  synonymously  with
symptom.
  P1IENYLE, IIYDRURET OF, Benzole.
  PIIEUGOPHOBIA,  Hydrophobia,
  PHEUCYDRON, Hydrophobia.
  PIIUALA, A Phial, or Vial.  (F.) Fiole, tpiaXti,
fuXri, 'a vessel with a broad bottom.'" A  small
bottle, in which apothecaries are in the habit of
sending out their mixtures, draughts, <fec.: hence
called Med'icine Vials, (F.) Et'oles &  Midecine.
They are usually  sold  in  grosses,  and assorted  i
into vials of oz. 8; oz. 4; oz.  3; oz.  2; oz. li; oz.
1;  and oz. £.
  PIIILADYNAMICA, Dcbilitants.
  PHILANTIIROPUS, Galium aparine.
  PIIILETRON, Philter.
   PHILETRUM,  Lacuna labii superioris.
   PIIILIATER,   Pliiiia'tros,  tpiXtarpos,   from
ftXeot, ' I love,' and larpiicri, ' medicine.'  An ama-
teur of medicine.   One who studies  medicine;
Studio'sue medicina.
  PHILOBIO'SIS, (F.) Philobiosie:  from qPtXeo,,
' I  love,' and (iios,  ' life.'  The love of life.
   PHILGS'NIA, from tpiXita, T love,'and  oivos,
 'wine.'  Love of wine.   Addiction to wine.
  PHILOGYNIA, Muliebrositas.
   PHILONIUM LONDINENSE, Confectio opii.
   PIIILOPATRIDALGIA, Nostalgia.
   PHILOPATRIDOMANIA, Nostalgia.
   PHILOSOPHER'S STONE, see Alchymy.
  PHILOSOPHIA  CORPORIS VIVI,  Physi-
ology— p. Hermetica,  Alchymy — p. per Ignem,
 Chymistry.
  PHILTER, from  tptXtor, T  love.'   Philtrum,
Philetron, Phile'tron,  Phar'niac.um  seu  Poc'-
ulnrn nmato'riitm,  Amato'rium  venefic"iurn,  (F.)
Philtre.  A medicine or drink considered capa-
ble of causing love.
  PHILTRUM. Lacuna labii superioris.
  PHILYRA, Tilia.
  PHI MA. Phyma.
  P1II.MOS, Capistrum.
  PHIMO'SICUS.  Relating to Phimosis.
  Sauvages calls Ischu'ria  phimo'sica  seu  ure-
thra'lis a. phimo'si, the  retention of urine which
depends upon phimosis.
  PHIMO'SIS, P/iyrno'sis, Capistra'tio, Epago'-
gium,  Ligatu'ra glandis,  Sfrictu'ra  prapn'tii,
Reduc'lio prapn'tii impedi'ta, frora  iptpoto, 'I bind
tight.'  A disease which consists in a preternatu-
ral narrowness of the opening of the prepuce, so
that it cannot be carried behind the corona glan-
dis.  This affection is most commonly congenital.
Sometimes it is accidental, and dependent  upon
tumefaction of the glans, or of the prepuce, as
occurs in syphilis.  To remedy this  state, the
prepuce may be divided  by means  of a bistoury
and director;  or circumcision may be practised.
  Phimosis Adnata seu Congenita seu Pueri-
Lis, Congenital phimosis—p.  Circumligata, Para-
phimosis— p.  Congenita, P.  adnata.
  Phi.mo'sis   CEdemato'des,  Hydrophimo' sis.
Phimosis with cedematous swelling of the pre-
puce.
  Phimosis Puerii.is.  Ph.  adnata.
  PHLASMA, Contusion.
  PHLEBARTERIODIALYSIS, see Aneurism.
  PHLEBECTA'SIA,  Phlebcc'tasis, from  0X£d,  |
<pXtt'o<, 'a vein,'and txraais, 'dilatation.'  Dila-  {
      45
i tation  of a vein,  or of a portion of a vein.—
j Alibert.
   PHLEBECTIARCTIE.   A  mongrel  term,
 from  tpXttp, tpXtflos, 'a vein,'  and arcto, 'I con-
 tract.'   Contraction  of a vein.
   PHLEBES, (Arteries.)  See Artery.
   PHLEBEURYSMA, Varix.
   PHLEB'ION, diminutive  of tpXc-l, <pXt(3os, 'a
 vein.'  A vein. — Hippocrates.  A  small vein,—
  Ve'nula.
   PHLEBIS'MUS,  from tpXtip, tpXijSns, 'a vein.'
 A term  employed by Dr. Marshall Hall for  the
 turgescence of veins, produced by impeded return
 of the blood.  See Trachelismus.
   PHLEBITIS,  Infiamma'tio  vena'rum,   (F.)
 Rhlibite, Inflammation  des  veines,  from  tpXttj,,
 tpXttfos, 'a vein,' and itis, the termination for in-
 flammation.  Inflammation of  the inner  mem-
 brane  of a vein, Endo-phlebltis, which sometimes
 follows blood-letting, and extends from the small
 wound made in that operation to the neighbouring
 parts of  the venous  system.   The symptoms are,
 first,  inflammation in the punctured  part; and,
 afterwards, a knotty, tense, painful cord, follow-
 ing the direction of  the  vessel, and accompanied
 with more or less  fever, according to the extent
 of the inflammation, the nervous  symptoms,  Ac.
 Phlebitis, also, sometimes supervenes on the liga-
 ture or  excision  of varices;  after  amputation,
 gun-shot  wounds,  delivery  (Uterine  Phlebitis,
 Locho-rnetro-phlebl'tis,Metro-phlebitis puerpera'-
 lis,  Phlebitis  uteri'na, Metritis veno'sa),  the
 ligature  of the umbilical cord, <fec.  It may ter-
 minate by resolution, suppuration, ulceration, or
 gangrene.
    Phlebitis,  Crural,  Phlegmatia  dolens — p.
 Uterina, see Peritonitis, and Phlebitis.
    PHLEBOGRAPHY,  Phlebogra'phia,   from
 tpXt\p, fXepos, 'a vein,' and ypatpn,  'a description.'
 A description of the veins.
    PHLEB'OLITE, Phlebol'ithus, Vein stone, from
 ipXt^b,  tpXtfios, 'a  vein,'  and Xtdos, 'a stone.'  A
 loose concretion, varying in size  from that  of a
 currant  to  that of  a pea, occasionally found in
 the veins.  It  would seem to be formed in  the
 blood.
    PHLEBOLITHUS, Phlebolite.
    PHEEBOL'OGY,  Pl,lebolog"ia,  from  tpXt^,
 tpXtjlos, 'a vein,' and  Xoyos, 'a discourse.'   The
 part of anatomy which  treats of the veins.
    PHLEBOPA'LIA, from tpXt^, cpXtfios, 'a vein,'
 and -iraXXor, T palpitate.' With the ancients, pul-
 sation, which  they conceived to be produced by
 the veins.  See Pulsus venarura.
    PHLEBOPHTHALMOTOM'IA,  Ophthalmo-
 phlebotonlia, from tpXt^p, tpXellos, 'a vein,' otpSaX-
 pas, 'the eye,'and renvoi,  T cut.'  Blood-letting
 in the eye.
    PHLEBOPLEROSIS  ECPHRACTICA,   In-
 flammation.
    PHLEBORRHAG'TA,  from tpXe<p, ipXtfios, ' n,
 vein,'  and pnywpt, T break out.'  Rupture ofthe
 veins ; and, in a  more  extensive  sense, venous
 hemorrhage.
    PHLEBORRHEX'IS, from  tpXtj,, tpXtfas, 'a
 vein,'  and pi>(ts, 'rupture.'  Rupture of a  vein.
 Also, hemorrhage frora a vein, Phleborrhaifia.
    PHLEBOSTENO'SIS, from tpXt^, tpXtfios, 'a
 vein,'and artvwais, 'contraction.'  Constriction or
 contraction of a vein.
    PHLEBOT'OMIST.from tpXap, tpXtfas, 'a vein,'
 and rtpvu, 'I cut.'   A bleeder.  One who prac-
 tises  particularly  the art of  phlebotomy.   See
 Blood-letting.
    PHLEBOTOMUM, Fleam.
    PHLEBOTOMY,  see  Blood-letting.
    PHLEBS, Vein.
    PHLEDONIA,  Delirium.
    PHLEGM, Phlegma, tpXtyjia, Pitulta, Pit'uite, 
PHLEGMA  NARIUM  CRASSUM
706
PHLORIDZINE
Mucus, Mother, (F.) Phlegme,  Pituite.   One  of
tbe four natural humours of the ancients, which,
according to them, was cold and moist, as atra-
bilis was cold and dry.  It predominated, espe-
cially, in winter.
   Pituita was afterwards applied to every aque-
ous or excrementitious humour, such as  the  sa-
liva, nasal and intestinal mucus, serum,  &c.  The
terms phlegm and pituita  are  no longer used in
physiology, — the different humours having  re-
ceived particular names ; but the vulgar still use
jihlegm to designate a stringy mucus, expecto-
rated, or  rejected by vomiting.   The  ancient
chymists gave the name  'phlegm' to aqueous,
insipid, and inodorous products obtained by sub-
jecting moist vegetable matters to the action of
heat.
   PHLEGMA NARIUM CRASSUM, Nasal mu-
cus— p. Vitrioli, Sulphuric acid (very dilute.)
   PHLEG'MAGOGUE,  Phlegmago'gns;  from
tf,Xtypa, 'phlegm,' and ayur, 'I expel.'   A medi-
cine, formerly believed capable of  "cutting" or
removing phlegm.
   PHLEGMAPYRA, Fever, adeno-meningeal.
   PHLEGMASIA, Inflammation, Phlegmon—p.
Adenosa, Adenitis—p. Alba dolens puerperarum,
Ph. dolens — p. Cellularis, Induration of the cel-
lular tissue—p. Glandulosa, Adenitis—p. Myoica,
 Myositis — p. of the  Peritoneum, Peritonitis.
   PHLEGMATIA,  from  tpXtypa,  ipXtyparos,
 'phlegm.'   (Edema, Anasarca, Hydrops.
   Phlegma'tia Dolens, P. lac'tea seu  dolens seu
 alba dolens seu Leucophlegmasia dolens seu Spar-
gano'sis seu Scelalgia seu (Ede'ma puerperarum,
 Scelon'cus, Anasar'ca sero'sa, Ecpliy'ma a-demat'-
 icum, Ecchymo'ma lymphalicnm, Is'chias a spar-
 gano'si, (Ede'ma lacteurn,  Infiarc'tus lac'tci extre-
 inita'tuni,  Metas'tasis  lactis, Hysteralgia galac'-
 tiea, Hydrophlegrna'sia textus cellulo'si, Crural
 Phlebitis, White leg, Swelled leg, Milk  leg. White
 swelling of lying in women, (F.)  (Edeme des nou-
 velles accouchies, (Edeme douleureux des femmes
 en,  couche, Dipot  laiteitx sur la cuisse, (Edime
 actifides nouvelles accouchies, Enfiure ou Engorge-
 ment des jambes  et des cuisses de la  fiemrne accou-
 t.hie, E. laiteitx des membres  abdominaux.  It
 occurs, for the most part, in the second or third
 week after delivery:—is limited to  the lower ex-
 tremity, and chiefly to one side: exhibiting to the
 touch a feeling of numerous irregular prominences
 under the skin.  It is hot, white, and unyielding;
 and is accompanied, sooner or later, with febrile
 excitement.  After a few  days, the heat,  hard-
 ness, and sensibility  diminish, and the  limb re-
 mains cedematous for a longer or shorter period.
 The disease frequently, if not generally, consists
 in  the  obstruction of  the  iliac or other  veins.
 Owing to  the pressure of the gravid uterus — the
 flow of blood being  obstructed — the serous  part
 of it is thrown out into the cellular membrane of
 the limb.  Sometimes the vein is found completely
 obliterated.
    The treatment consists in the use of antiphlo-
 gistics :— the application  of leeches or  cupping-
 glasses near the groin, fomentations to the limb,
 &e.-; and, when the active state has subsided, the
 use of a roller, applied gently at first, but, after-
 wards, gradually tightened.
    Phlegmatia  Lactea. P. dolens.
    PHLEGMATIC, see Empresma—p. Membra-
 nosae et parenchyraatosae, Empresma.
    PHLEGMATTC, Phlegmat'icus, from <pXtypa,
 'phlegm.'  Abounding in phlegm,—as  the 'phleg-
 matic or lymphatic temperament.'
    PHLEGMATOCHEMY, see Chemistry.
    PHLEGMATOPYRA,   Fever,  adeno-menin-
 geal.
 " PHLEGMATORRIIAG'TA, Phlegmatorrhoe'a.
  Catarrh,  from tpXtypa, ipXtyparos, 'phlegm,' and
ptur, 'I flow.'  Stahl and his partisans gave this
name to a copious secretion, by the nostrils, of a
limpid and thin mucus, without inflammation, it
is  the Cory'za Phlegmatorrhag"ia of  Sauvnges.
See Coryza.
  PHLEGMIIYMENITIS, Phlcgmymenitis.
  PHLEGMON, from <pXtyor, ' I burn.'   Phlogo'-
sis phleg'mone, Phleg'mone, Phlegma'sin, hie,■«'-
diuni,  Infiamma'tio, (Prov.)  Benl.  Inflamma-
tion  ofthe areolar texture accompanied with red-
ness, circumscribed swelling, increased heat and
pain ;  which is, at first, tensive and lancinating;
afterwards, pulsatory and heavy.  It is  apt to
terminate  in suppuration.   It requires the anti-
phlogistic  treatment,  until  suppuration  seems
inevitable, when  the suppuration must be encou-
raged as  the  next favourable  termination to
resolution.                _,      ,
  PHLEGMON  PERINEPHRETIQUE, Pe-
riphrenitis— p. Peri-uterine, see Peri-uterine.
   PHLEGMONE, Inflammation— p. Mammae,
Mastodynia  apostematosa—p. Mastodynia, .Mas-
todynia  apostematosa — p. Parotidaea, Parotis —
p. Peritonaei, Peritonitis—p. Parulis, Parulis—p.
Musculorum, Myositis — p. Ventriculi, Gastritis.
   PHLEGMONEUN, Phlegmonous.
   PHLEGMONODES. Phlegmonous.
   PHLEGMONOID. Phlegmonous.
   PHLEGMONOUS, Phlcgmono'ties,  Phleg'mo-
noid,  (F.) Phlegmoneux, from  tp\typovn, (tpXtyor,
' I burn,') 'a phlegmon,' and ttios, ' resemblance.'
That  which relates or  belongs to or resembles
phlegmon.
   Phlegmonous  Inflammation is the active in-
flammation of the areolar  membrane;  in contra-
distinction to erysipelatous inflammation, or that
of the skin.
   PHLEGMOPYRA, Fever, adeno-meningeal.
   PHLEGMORRHAGIA, Blennorrhoea.
   PHLEG M 0R RHAG1E  PULMONAIRE,
Bronchorrhoea.
   PHLEGMORRHfEA, Blennorrhoea.
   PHLEGMYMENI'TIS,/Vi/c(/mA?/?neHi'r?»,from
 ipXtypa,  'phlegm,' 'vpnv, 'a membrane,'and itis,
 the  termination for inflammation.  Inflammation
 of a mucous membrane.
   Phlegmymenitis Enterica, see Enteritis.
   PHLEPS, Vein.
   PHLOGIA. Inflammation.
   PHLOGICUS, Inflammatory.
   PHLOGISTIC, Inflammatory.
   PHLOGISTICI, Empresma.
   PHLOGISTON, Hydrogen.
   PHLOGMUS, Verbascum thapsus.
   PlILOGO'DES, from (/.Aof,  ipXoyos,  (fXtyu, 'I
 burn,')  'flame,'  and  tidos,  'resemblance.'   Jn-
 fla'med, Irifiainma'tus,  Inflammato'rius, Inflam-
 matory.   An  epithet  employed  particularly  to
 express the red colour of  the face.
   PHLOGOGUS, Antiphlogistic.
   PHLOGOPYRUS, Synocha.
   PHLOGOSED, Inflamed.
   PHLOGO'SIS, Incen'dinm, Infiamma'tion, from
 tpXo!;, ipXoyos, 'flame.'  Some writers use this word
 exclusively for  external  inflammation — phleg-
 mon ; others, for that which is superficial or ery-
 sipelatous.
   PHLOGOT'ICA, Inflammations.  The second
 order in the class Hamatica of Good.
   PHLOIOS, Cortex.
   PHLOMUS, Verbascum thapsus.
   PHLOOS, Cortex.
   PHLORTDZINE,   Phloridzlna,  Phloridzin,
 from ipXoos, 'inner bark,' and pt^a, 'root.'  The
 bitter or  active  principle of the root and  trunk
 of the apple, pear, cherry, and plum  tree.  It  is
 deposited from the decoction on cooling ;• crystal-
 lizes in silky spieula of a  dead white colour when
 in  masses,  or in long  slender prisms or tables, 
PHLOUS
707
PIIOTOPSIA
 when crystallized with care.  1000 parts of water,
 nt a temperature of from 32° to 71 °, only dissolve
 about  one part;  but at from  70° to 212°, it is
 dissolved in  all proportions.  It is  very soluble
 in  pure  alcohol,  but only slightly so in  ether;
 s. g.  1.429.  It has been administered success-
 fully in intermittents,—10 to 20 grains being ge-
 nerally required to arrest the paroxysm.  It may
 be  given either in the form of  pill or powder.
   PHLOUS, Cortex.
   PHLOX, Verbascum  thapsus.
   PHLYCT.E'NA, Plilycta'nis, Phlyctis,  Phly-
 zu'cion,  Ampulla,  Holophlyc'tides,  Phlyc'tides,
 Phlysis,  frora  tpXv^or, 'I boil.'   Tumours formed
 by the accumulation of  a serous fluid under the
 epidermis.
   PHLYCT^ENULA, see  Hydatid.
   PHLYCTENOID, Phlyctenoi'des, from phlyc-
 ta-.na,  and  ttios,  'resemblance.'    Resembling
 phlyctaenae.  An epithet for a variety of herpes.
   PHLYCTENULAR, same  etymon as Phlyc-
 taena.   Of  or belonging to  phlyctaenula, — as
 phlyctenular ophthalmia;  inflammation of the
 eye,  accompanied  with  phlyctaenulae on  the
 cornea.
   PHLYCTIDES, Phlyctaena.
   PHLYCTIDTUM, same etymon.   A circular
 or  annular spot of inflammation  of  the corium,
 encircled by a red  ring or zone, within  which
 suppuration takes place. The  genuine small-pox
 pustule,  and that  produced by the application of
 tiirtar emetic ointment,  are examples of it.
   PHLYCTIS, Phlycteena.
   PHLYSIS, ifkvais, same etymon.  A cutaneous
 eruption.  An ulcerative, subcutaneous  tumour:
 flat, tensive, glabrous :  diffused, hot,  throbbing;
 at  length  fluctuating,  with  an  acrid  ichor.—
 Good.
   Phlysis, Phlyctasna — p. Ecthyma, Ecthyma
 — p. Impetigo, Impetigo—p. Porrigo, Porrigo —
 p. Scabies. Psora.
   PHLYZACIA,  Ecthyma.
   PHLYZACION, Phlycta?na.
   PHOBODIPSON, Hydrophobia.
   PHOCOM'ELUS, from  tpursn,  'a seal,' and
 prXos, 'a limb.'  A monster, in which the  limbs
 are shortened; the hands and feet appearing to
 exist alone, and to be  inserted immediately  on
 the trunk, as  in the seals  and the  herbivorous
 cetacea. — I.  G. St. Hilaire.
   PIICENICINE, Hsematin.
   PHffiNICTSMUS, Rubeola.
   PHCENIGMUS, Phenigmus —p.  Petechialis,
 Purpura simplex.
   PHCENIX  DACTYLIFERA, Date tree — p.
 Excelsn, Date tree.
   PHGENODINE, Haematin!
   PRONATION,  Phona'tio, from  tpurvn, 'voice.'
 The physiology of the voice.
   PHONE. Voice.
   PHO'NICA, tpurvtiea, from tputvij,  'voice.'   The
 first order of the  class Pneumatica, in  Good's
 Nosology.  Defined : diseases affecting tbe vocal
 avenues: — the passage  of the  voice  impeded, or
 its  power suppressed or  depraved.
  PHONON'OSI,  Phononn'si,  from  tpurvn'  'the
 voice,' and  voaos,  'a disease.'   Phonoprathi'a,
 Morbi vocis.  Diseases of the voice.
  PlIONAPATHI^E, Phononosi.
  PHORA, Gestation.
  PHORBE.  Pabulum.
  PHORONOMTA,  from iptnur, 'I  move,' and
 vopos. 'law.'  The doctrine of muscular motion.
  PHOROUS, from rfrpc, ' I carry.'  A suffix de-
noting conveyance. Hence, Galactojo/Wot«», ic.
  PHOS. Light.
  PHOSPHAS, Phosphate.  A salt  formed  by
the  union  of  phosphoric  acid with  a salifiable
base.
    Phosphas  Calcicum Stibiatim,  Antimonial
  powder — p. Calcis stibiatus, Antimonial  powder
  —p. Nntricum, Soda, phosphate of.
    PHOSPHATE, Phosphas.
    PHOSPHATTC, Phosphalicus, from Phospho-
  rus.  Relating  to  the phosphates;  hence  the
  Phosphat'ic Diatli'esis is the habit of body which
  favours the deposition of the phosphates from the
  urine.
    PHOSPHENF, see Photopsia.
    PHOSPHORE, Phosphorus.
    PHOSPHORE'NESES.  M.  Baumes unites,
  under this generic name, diseases which he attri-
  butes to disordered phospborization ; i. e. to ex-
  cess or deficiency of calcareous phosphates or its
  decomposition.   Amongst  these  affections  he
  ranks rachitis, osteo-malacia, and gout.
    PHOSPHORESCENCE,    Phasphorescen'tia,
  Luminos'ity ; from phosphorus.  The properties
  possessed by certain bodies of  being  luminous in
  obscurity, or  under  particular  circumstances.
  This phosphorescence has been occasionally wit-
  nessed  in man, when suffering from some wasting
  disease, and  near death.
    PHOSPHORIC  ACID,  Ac"idum  phosphor'-
  icum, (F.) Acide phosphorique.  Same etymon. A
  solid, colourless compound ; highly sapid ; very
  soluble in  water, and verifiable by fire.  It exists
  in bones combined with lime.  It has been em-
  ployed  in medicine in  tbe form of lemonade, in
  passive hemorrhage, typhus, phthisis, marasmus,
  &c, and in  injection  in  cases of cancer of the
  uterus.  It does not  seem  preferable  to other
  acids.  An Acid'um phosphor'icum dilu'tum is offi-
  cinal in the London pharmacopoeia.
    PHOSPHORNECROSIS, see Phosphorus.
    PHOSPHORURIA. Urine, phosphorescent.
    PHOS'PHORUS, Phos'phorum, Antophos'pho-
  rits, Ignis philosopllicus. Lumen  constans, from
  tpors, 'light,' and yipu, 'I carry.'  (F.) Phosphore.
  'A  light carrier.'  An elementary or undecom-
  posed substance; not metallic;  solid:  transparent
  or seniitransparent: colourless;  brilliant; flexible;
  of  a sensible  garlic  odour; very inflammable,
  and susceptible  of combining with  the oxygen
  ofthe atmosphere, at even the  ordinary tempera-
  ture.   It does not exist pure  in nature,  but is
  found  frequently united  to other bodies.   Its
  fumes in the manufacture of lucifer and Congreve
  matches have  caused, it is  said,  necrosis of the
  lower jaw—Pliosphonieero'sis, phosphorus jaw
  disease, Lucifer-match-malees'  Disease.
    Phosphorus  has been used  in medicine, dis-
  solved  in ether or suspended in the yolk of e^ri;,
  as a stimulant; but the greatest precautions  are
  necessary in its administration : hence it is rarely
  employed.
    Phosphorus Jaw Disease, see Phosphorus.
    PHOSPHURIA, Urine, phosphorescent.  See
  Urine.
    PHOTOCAMPSTS, Refraction.
    PIIOTOMA'NIA, from  0wS, tpurros.  'light,' and
  mania.   Insane delirium induced by light.
    PHOTOPIIO'BIA, from tj.ms,  iPottos.  'light,'and
  <po(3os, 'fear.'  Aversion to light:—intolerance of
  light.   Nyctalopia.
   PHOTOPHOBICUS, Lucifugus.
   PHOTOPHOBOPHTHALMIA,  Nyctalopia.
   PHOTOPIIOBUS, Lucifugus.
   PHOTOP'SIA, Visits hi'cidns. from tpurs. tporros,
  'light,'  and w^,  'the  eye.'  A false  perception
|  of light, as of sparks, flashes of tire, &c., occa-
jj sioned  by  certain conditions of  the  retina and
 | brain, and by  pressure on  tbe eyeball.  When
  pressure does not, induce the  luminous appcar-
■! ance, (F.)  Phosphhie, the existence of amaurosis
„ may be inferred.   See  Metamorphopsia. 
PHOTURIA               708               PHTHISIS
  PHOTU'RIA,  from  tpurs,  tpurros,  'light,' and
ovpov, ' urine.'  A luminous condition of the urine.
  PHRAGMOS, tppaypos, 'a  fence,' from tppaaaur,
'I enclose.'   A row of teeth.
  PIIRASIS, Voice, articulated.
  PHRASUM, Marrubium.
  PHREN, tppnv, ' the  mind.'  Also,  the  dia-
phragm and scrobiculus  cordis.
  PHRENAUX'E, Hypertroph'ia  cer'ebri, from
tppnv, ' the mind, the organ  of  mind,' and av^n,
'increase.'  Hypertrophy of  the brain.
  PHRENATROPH'IA,^?-o/)A'?a cer'ebri, from
4'pr.iv, 'the mind,  the  organ  of mind,' a,  priv.,
and Tpotpn, 'nourishment.'  Wasting   or atrophy
of the brain.
  PHRENES, Diaphragm.
  PHRENESIA.  Phrenitis.
  PHRENESIE, Phrenitis.
  PHRENESIS, Delirium, Phrenitis.
  PHRENETIASIS, Delirium, Phrenitis.
  PHRENETISMUS, Phrenitis.
  PHRENIC, Diaphragmatic.
  PHRE'NICA, from tppqv, 'the mind.'  Diseases
affecting  the  intellect;  characterized by  error,
perversion, or debility of one or  more of the men-
tal faculties,  (Phrenopathla.)  The first order of
the class Neurotica of Good.   Also, remedies that
affect the mental faculties — Phren'ics.—Pereira.
   PHRENICS, see Phrenica.
  PHRENICULA HYDROCEPIIALICA,  Hy-
drocephalus internus.
   PIIRENISMUS, Phrenitis.
   PHRENITIS,  Phren'esis, Phrene'sia,  Phre-
neti'asis,  Phrenis'mus, Plirenetis'mris,  Cephalitis,
Encephalitis, Cerebri'tis, Cephalalgia infiamma-
to'ria, Kara bit its (Arab.), Sibare,  Sphacelis'miis
cer'ebri, Empres'ma cephalitis, Siri'asis, Seiri'-
nsis,  Sidera'tio, Infiamma'tio seu Catana phreni-
tis, Phrensy, Delirium, Brain Fever, (F.) Phrini-
sie,   Ciribrite, Infiammation  du  cerveau  et du
cervelet, from  tppnv, 'the  mind,' and ?7?'», denoting
inflammation.  A disease characterized by violent
pyrexia, pain  in the head, redness of the face and
eyes, intolerance  of light and  sound, watchful-
ness, and delirium, either furious or  muttering.
Its causes are the same as those of other inflam-
mations :  sometimes, however, it is induced by a
Coup de soldi; by inebriation; violent mental
emotions, <fec.  Sonic authors have given the name
Phrenitis and Meningitis to inflammation  of the
membranes of the brain; and that  of Cephalitis,
Encephalitis,  or Ccrebritis to inflammation of the
substance of  the brain ;  but there are  no pathog-
nomic symptoms, which can  lead us to refer the
seat of the disease to either of those parts  exclu-
sively.   Phrenitis is, of course, a very dangerous
affection, from the importance of the  organ con-
cerned.  The most active treatment must neces-
sarily be pursued.  Repeated bleeding; purging;
the application of ice to tbe  shaved head;  a po-
sition in which the head is raised ; and the avoid-
ing of irritation of every kind ;—form the reme-
dial means during the violent stage.  After this
has yielded, counter-irritants to the nape  of the
neck or to other parts of the body will be useful
adjuvants.  When the brain  and meninges were
affected only symptomatically, as in inflammation
ofthe diaphragm, the disease was formerly called
Paraphrenics.
  Hydrocephalus acutus  is a variety of phrenitis.
  Phrenitis  Calentura,  Coup-de-soldl.—p. La-
trans, Hydrophobia—p.  Potatorum, Delirium tre-
mens—p. Verminosa, Vercoquin.
  PHRENO-GLOTTISM, Asthma thymicum.
  PHRENOLOGY.  Craniology.
  PHRENO-MAG'NETISM,P/}re?io-roc,'?»<?n*m,
Mes'mero-pbrenol'ogy.  A term applied to the con-
dition of a mesmerized  person, in which,  when
any cerebral or phrenological organ—so called—
is touched, the functions of the organ are mani-
fested.   It  has been  established,  that no such
phenomena  can  be elicited  in  children, or in
those who have never seen a phrenological cast
or picture.
  PHRENOPARALYSIS, see Paralysis.
  PHRENOPATHIA, see Phrenica.
  Piirenopathi'a  jEthe'rea.   The aggregate
of encephalic  phenomena induced by the  inhala-
tion of ether.
  PHRENSY, Phrenitis.
  PHRICASMUS, Horripilation.
  PHRICE. Horripilation.
  PHRICIA,  Horripilation.
  PHRICIASIS, Horripilation.
  PHRICO'DES (FEBRIS.) from fpiKn,  'a shi-
vering;'  Horrif'ica.  A fever in which  the chill
is very intense and prolonged.
  PHRYAGMA, Shuddering.
  PHRYCTE. Colophonia.
  PHRYG"IUS  (LAPIS).   An  earthy matter,
found in  Phrygia and  Cappadocia,  and  formerly
employed as an astringent. — Gorraeus.
  PHTHARMA CALIGO, Caligo—p. Cataracta,
Cataract — p.  Glaucoma, Glaucoma.
  PHTHEIR, Pediculus.
  PHTHEIRE'MrA,  from tpBeipur, 'I  corrupt,'
and 'atpa, 'blood.'  A state in which  the  plastic
powers of the blood are deteriorated.
  PKTHEIRI'AZIS, Plithirlas;s,<p$iipiaois,from
tpSttp, 'a louse;' Morbus pediculo'sus seu pedicu-
la'ris, Prurigo pedicula'ris,  Peclicultltio, Mnlis
peflic'uli, Peta'le, Lousiness, Lousy disease, (F.)
Maladie   pidiculaire,   Phlhiriase.   A  disease
which consists in the excessive multiplication of
lice  on  the human  body, under  conditions in
which  it does not ordinarily take place,  nnd in
spite of  cleanliness.  It has  heen  asserted that
the affection has often  caused death.  Simple and
medicated baths have been recommended  for its
removal; lotions of the decoction or infusion of
tobacco and stavesacre, mercurial frictions, &c.
  PHTHEIRIUM, Delphinium staphisagria.
  PHTHEIROCTONUM,  Delphinium  staphi-
sagria.
  PHTHINAS, Phthisis.
  PHTHINODES, Phthisicus.
  PI1THIRIASE, Phtheiriasis.
  PHTIIIRIASIS, Malis, Phtheiriasis.
  PHTHIRIUM SCABIEI. see Psora.
  PHTIIIRIUS,  Antiparasitic—p.  Inguinalis,
see Pediculus.
  PHTHIROCTONUS, Abortive.
  PHTHIROPORON, Autumn.
  PHTHISES: same  etymon as  Phthisis.  In
the  classification  of   Fuchs, diseases  attended
with ulceration, hectic fever, and emaciation.
  PHTHISIC, Phthisis.  Also, a slight tickling
cough, (Prov.) Tissick.
  PHTHISICAL, Phthisicus.
  PHTHIS'ICUS,  Phthino'des, Phthis'icnl, Tin'-
ical, (F.) Phthisique, Poitrinaire ;  same etymon
as phthisis.   Belonging to phthisis.  Also, one
labouring under phthisis, or who is consumptive.
  PHTHISIE, Phthisis pulmonalis—p.  Aign'e,
Consumption,  galloping—p.  Caleuleuse, Calculi,
pulmonary,  see Lithiasis pulmonum—p. Careino-
mateuse,  Phthisis, cancerous—p. Gnlopnnte, Con-
sumption, galloping — p. avec Milanose, Anthra-
cosis pulmonum—p. Blisentirique,  Tabes mesen-
terica—p.  Trachiale,  see Phthisis laryngea — p.
Tubercitleuse,  Phthisis pulmonalis.
  PHTHISIOL'OGY,  Phthisiolog"ia, from tpStr.s,
and Xoyos-   A treatise  on phthisis.
  PHTHISIOSIS, Tubercular consumption.
  PHTHISI-PNEUMONIA,  Phthisis  pulmo-
nalis.
  PHTHISIQUE, Phthisicus.
  PHTHISIS, Phthoe,  Phthinas,  Tabes,  Te'ce- 
PHTHISIS                7
 d<>n, Caimumption, Decline, Phthis'ic, Tis'ic, from
 tpdiut, ' I waste away, I decay.'  This word, taken
 in a general sense, means progressive emaciation
 of every part of the body.   It is usually, how-
 ever, restricted to phthisis pulmonalis.
   Phthisis Acuta, Consumption, galloping — p.
 Black, >ec Anthracosis.
   Phthisis,  Bron'chial,  Phthisis  bronchia'lis.
 Phthisis occasioned by the pressure of enlarged
 tuberculous bronchial glands, which, not unfre-
 qucntly, communicate with  caverns in the lungs,
 ur with the bronchia.
   Piitiiisis Calculosa, Lithiasis pulmonum.
   Phthisis, Can'cerous, Scirrhus, Carcinoma et
 puiigiiH  Pulmo'num, Maiittlnry or  Encepllaloid
 Tumour of the Lung, (F.) Cancer  du  Poitmon.
 Cancer  of the  lung, which  gives rise  to carci-
 nomatous  phthisis, (F.) Phthisie carcinomateuse,
 of  Bayle.
   Phthisis Consummata, see Ph.  pulmonalis—p.
 Dorsalis,  Tabes  Dorsalis — p.  Dj-speptic,  see
 Phthisis — p.  Exulcerata,  Ph. pulmonalis — p.
 Hepatica,  Hepato-phthisis — p. Ischiadica,  Is-
 chio-pbthisis.
   Phthisis Larynge'a, Chronic Laryngitis, La-
 ryngitis  et  Tracheitis chron'iea,  Tiibercnlo'sis
 lari/n'gis ct troche'a, Lanjn'go-et- Tracheophthisis,
 Laryni/oplithisis, Ulcera seu Helm'sis Laryngis,
 (F.) Phthisie  laryugie,  Ulcere du  larynx, Laryn-
 tjitu arec sicrition de Pus,  is a species of con-
 sumption analogous to  phthisis pulmonalis, pro-
 duced by inflammation  and ulceration of the in-
 terior of the larynx, and sometimes by caries of
 the  cartilages.   Phthisis  trachea'lis,  Tracheo-
 phthisis, (F.) Phthisie trachiale, is a similar affec-
 tion, seated in the trachea.  Chronic inflammation
 of  the larynx  and trachea may exist, however,
 without tubercles or phthisis.
   Phthisis Meseraica, Tabes mesenterica—p.
 Nodosa, Ph. pulmonalis — p. Mucosa, see Bron-
 chorrhoea — p. Notias, Tabes dorsalis — p. Pitui-
 tosa, see Bronchorrhoea.
   Phthisis  Pulmona'lis,  Ph. pulmo'num  seu
 piiliinma'ris  seu nodo'sa  pulmona'lis vera  seu
 tuberciilo'sa sou serophulo'sa seu  titberculo-ulce-
 ra'ta seu purulen'ta  exulvera'la seu exulcera'ta,
 Mai-as'inits seu Hec'tica seu Ilamop'tysis phthisis,
 Passio   vomicof'hta,  Plithisi-pneumo'nia,  Tabes
 pithnoiitllis sen pulmo'num, Ulcus pulmonum, Hel-
 en'ds  pnhnona'lis, Pneumonophtlilsis,  Pneiimo-
 uapllthoe,  Pneuniop'thne, Pulmo'nia,  Tiibercnlo'-
 sis Pulmo'num, Gongrophthlsis, Morbus Ang'licus,
 Tuberculous disease of the lungs, Puhnonarif con-
 sumption. Consumption,   Decline, Phthisic, Tisic,
 (Sc.) Teasick, (F.)  Phthisic, P. piilmonaire seu
 tuberculcuse, Crachement de  pus.    Occasionally,
 this formidable disease occurs accidentally : but,
 usually, it is  caused by a conformation obtained
 from progenitors.  This, at  least, predisposes to
 it; and  but a slight exciting cause may be re-
 quired to rouse the predisposition  into action.  It
 is less a disease of the   torrid zone ; and  in  the
 temperate  regions  of the globe, its pathology is
 often intimately allied with that of scrofula.  It
 consists in the  formation of  tubercles in  the
 longs, which sooner or  later inflame and break
 down.  In  such a constitution,  ulcerations  of
 the lungs do  not readily heal; and  hectic fever
 — the universal attendant  upon irritability and
 debility — is  established.    This  persists,  and
 gradual!}- wears down  the patient,  till he  ulti-
 mately   expires,  exhausted  by   the  irritative
 fever.   The chief  symptoms are the following.
 The  patient feels a sense of uneasiness in the
 chest, with  severe fits  of coughing, or a short
 and  dry cough with dyspnoea.   This  may be
considered the incipient  stage.  The cough then
becomes  extremely troublesome,  especially in
the  morning;  and  dyspnoea is increased on the
09                PHTHISIS
slightest exertion.  The expectoration is evidently
purulent, with fever in the evening, a*d circum-
scribed redness of the cheeks;  wasting and  col-
liquative sweats early in the morning. This must
be considered the confirmed stage,—Phthisis con-
summa'ta, Piieuinophthlsis.  In the third, or  last
stage, the hectic is constant, with small  pulse,
pungent heat, colliquative sweats, and diarrhoea.
The weakness becomes  extreme,  and the patient
exhausted.    Physical Signs. — 1.  In  the first
stage, whilst  there are yet scattered  miliary tu-
bercles,—the  only appreciable change at the ex-
terior of the chest, and  this is  not constant,  is a
want of freedom in the movements  under one or
both  clavicles.  Percussion  will generally  disco-
ver a slight diminution of sound corresponding
to the summit of one  lung.  In  the same  situa-
tion, auscultation shows that the inspiratory mur-
mur is either  weaker, rougher, or  confused.  The
sound of expiration is more distinct.   The voice
and cough are rather more resonant, and wheez-
ing or mucous rales are occasionally heard  in the
same region.   2. When  the tubercular deposition
has  become more abundant, the motion of  the
chest is more markedly diminished  under one or
both  clavicles.  The loss of sound on percussion
is more distinct,  the inspiration, on  auscultation,
is bronchial, the  expiration louder and more  su-
perficial, and  the  resonance  of  the  voice and
cough is increased.  The rest of the lung is per-
haps healthy, or the respiration may be peurile.
3. When the tubercles are undergoing softening,
—in addition  to the preceding signs, auscultation
exhibits a subcrepitant rale around the  apex of
the lung, decreasing from above downwards.   It
is most distinct during or after the cough, and at
the close of a deep inspiration.   As the disease
proceeds,  the bubbling  becomes  successively-
larger, and ultimately garqouillement is beard.
The inspiration and expiration  are  cavernous or
tracheal.  The voice and cough indicate  unusual
resonance  and  pectoriloquy.   The  intercostal
spaces are often depressed locally, and percussion
may become gradually clearer and  even tympa-
nitic  as the cavern increases.
   It is only in the incipient state of  this formi-
dable  disease, that advantage  can  be  expected
from any plan of treatment; and  of all means
that can be devised, that of removing to a climate
in which air  and exercise  can  be daily  enjoj-ed
during the autumnal, winter, and spring months
is the best.   See Climate.   If this  be impracti-
cable, the patient  must be kept in a regulated
temperature,  taking  care  that the  chamber is
duly ventilated:  and gestation in  the open  air be
used, whenever the atmosphere, although cold, is
dry.   The other indications will be : 1. To mode-
rate  inflammatory action:  2.  To  support  tbe
strength; and, ?,. To  palliate  urgent  symptoms.
The whole treatment indeed is palliative.  Coun-
ter-irritants relieve pain : demulcents and mild
opiates alleviate the cough: the  mineral  acids,
united with opium, relieve the colliquative sweats :
and chalk and opium the diarrhoea.
   Dr. Wilson Philip has pointed out a particular
species of phthisis, which is characterized, in  the
early stage, by a deranged state of tbe digestive
organs; flatulent, irregular bowels; furred tongue;
impaired appetite; unnatural faeces; nnd  tbe epi-
gastric region more or less full  and tender on
pressure.  The affection of the  lungs  is here
secondary.  He calls it Dyspeptic phthisis.
  Phthisis Pulmonalis  Purulenta Exulce-
rata,  Phthisis pulmonalis — p. Pulmonalis scro-
fulosa. Phthisis pulmonalis — p. Pulmonalis  tu-
berculosa,  Phthisis  pulmonalis — p. Pulmonalis
tuberculosa-ulcerata.  Phthisis  pulmonalis — p.
Pulmonalis vera,  Phthisis pulmonalis—p. Pupil-
lae, Synezisis—p.  Pupillaris, Myosis—p. Scrophu- 
PIITHISURIA             710            PHYSIOLOGICAL
losa, Phthisis pulmonalis — p.  Sicca, Tabes dor-
salis— p. .Tuberculosa, Phthisis pulmonalis — p.
Uterina,  Metrophthisis — p.  Vesicalis,  Cysto-
phthisis.
  Phthisis Weed, Ludwigia palustris.
  PIITHISURIA. Diabetes.
  PHTHISURIE, Diabetes—p. Sucrie, Diabetes
mellitus.
  PHTHOE. Phthisis.
  PIITIIOTS. Pastil, Troehiscus.
  PHTHOISCOS, Pastil, Trochiscus.
  PHTIIoNGODYSPHORIA, Hyperacusis.
  PHTIIORA, Abortion,  Corruption, Plague.
  PHTHORIUS, Ahortive.
   PHTHOROCTONUS, Abortive.
   PHUCAGROSTIS MINOR, Pila marina.
   PHUSCA, Oxvcrate.
   PHYGANTHROPIA, Misanthropia.
   PHYGETH'LON, Panus, Phypella, from tpvur,
 'I   grow,'  [?].  Inflammation of the superficial
 lyiriphatic glands, not ending in suppuration.
   PHYLACTERTON, Amuletum.
   PHYLACTE'RIUM, tpvXaicrnpiov, from tpvXaaaur,
 ' I  preserve.'  A  Phylac'tery, (F.) Phylaciere.
 An amulet: — a prophylactic.
   PHYLAXIS. Conservation.
   PHYLLANTHUS URINA'RIA,  Binkolmm-
 ba.  Ord. Euphorbiaceae.  A plant employed in
 Ceylon, in decoction, as a diuretic.
   PHYLLITIS,  Asplenium  scolopendrium — p.
 Muraria, Asplenium ruta muraria — p. Rotundi-
 folia, Asple'nium trichomanoides.
    PHYMA, Phima, from tpvur, T  grow.'  With
 the ancients, this word was used  with  great lati-
 tude : sometimes, in the  sense of phlegmon, for
 tumours larger than a boil, and  perfectly suppu-
 rative.  In the  nosology of  Sauvages,  Phymata
 is  an order of  diseases, to which  he refers erysi-
 pelas, oedema,  phlegmon, emphysema, scirrhus,
 <fec.  In that of Dr. Good it is a genus, including
 hordeolum, furunculus, sycosis, and anthrax.
    Phyma Anthrax, Anthrax — p.  Anthrax ter-
 minthus,  Terminthus — p. Sycosis,  Sycosis.
    PHY'MATOID, Phyinatoi'des,  (F.)  Phyma-
 toide, from $vua, 'a tubercle,' and  tihos, 'resem-
 blance.'  A state of cancerous  tissue, in which
 the dull yellow hue and  the consistence resemble
 those of tubercle. — Lebert.
    PIIYMATO'SES, from tpvpa, 'a hard tumour.'
 Tuberculous diseases. — Fuchs.
    PHYMATOSIS, Excrescence—p. Cerebri, En-
 cephalophymata — p. Elephantiasis, Elephantia-
 sis— p. Lupus, Lupus — p. Verrucosa, Verruca.
    PHYMOSIS, Phimosis.
    PHYPELLA. Phygethlon.
    PHYSA. Crepitation.
    PHYSAGOGA,  Carminatives.
    PHY'SALIS, from ,p„aa, '  a bladder,' referring
 to the inflated calyx,  P. Alkeken'gi seu halicac'-
  abnin, Sala'num  vesica'rium,  Alchachen'ge, Alke-
  ken'gi, Haticac'abum,  Winter Cherry, (F.) Alke-
  kenge,  Coqneret.   Ord.  Solanaceae.  Sex. Syst.
  Pentandria Monogynia.   The berries are recom-
  mended as a diuretic, from 6 to  12 for a  dose, in
  dropsical and  calculous cases.   It has  been af-
  firmed, that the whole plant—twigs, leaves, cap-
  sules and berries—possesses  the  antiperiodic vir-
  tues  of Cinchona.
    Physalis Alkekengi, Physalis — p. Halicaca-
  butn. Physalis—p. Obseura, Ph. viscosa—p. Penn-
  sylvania, Ph. viscosa—p. Pubescens, Ph. viscosa
  —p. Stramonium, Anisodus  luridus.
    Physalis Visco's a, P.otWu'm seu Penrrsylvan'-
 ic.a seu pubes'cens, Ground  cherry ; indigenous.
  The berries are said to be diuretic and sedative.
    PHYSCE, Abdomen.  Colon.
    PHYSCIA  ISLANDICA, Lichen Islandiea —
 p.  Nivalis. Lichen caninus.
    PIIYrSCO'NIA,  from  tpvoKurv, 'the  paunch.'
Venfros'itas,  Fephy'ma physco'nia,  Ilyposar'ea,
Emphrac'tica, Visco'nia, Hy/icrsarchid'iirs, Put-
belly, Pendulous abdo'men,  Sit-agbelly, Gtn-ln-lly,
(Prov.)  Gotdibelly, Petibelly.   A  generic term,
under which Sauvages has comprised every large
tumour developed in the abdomen, that is neither
fluctuating nor sonorous.   Linnieus calls it  11 v-
posnrea.
  Physco'nia Apipo'ra, Obes'itas seu Poly«iir'ci,i
vis'cerum.  Accumulation of fat in tbe intestines.
   Physconia Biliosa,  Turgescentia  vesicubu
fellea1.
   Physconia  Empiiysemat'ica.   Accumulation
of air in the areolar  tissue, or  between the coats
of particular viscera.
   Physconia Lienis, Splenoncus — p. Mesente-
rica. Tabes mesenterica—p. Splenica, Ague cake.
   Physconia  Stiiimo'sa, Scrofula dbdoinintt'lit
inter'na.  Tumid abdomen from scrophulous en-
largement of the glands.
   PHY SCON IE   JIESENT£ltIQUE,  Tabes
mesenterica.
   PHYSEMA, Tympanites, Physcsis.
   PHYSE'SIS,  Physe'ma. from tpvaaur,' I inflate.'
An emphysematous tumour.  Tympanites.
   PHYSETER  MACROCEPIIALUS, see Ceta-
ceum.
   PHYSTATRTCE, Vis medicatrix natune.
   PHYSIAUTOCRATIA,  Vis  medicatrix  na-
turae.
   PHYSIC, Medicament, Medicina — p.  Indian,
Euphorbia corollata,  Gillenia trifoliata—p. Root,
Leptandra purpurea.
   PHYSICAL,  Medical.
   PHYSICIAN,  JI,,l lens, latros,  Aces'tor,
Aces'ter, Altheus, noioiv, Paon, (Old Eng.) Fesis'-
ian, Fieicion, Leche,  Leech, from  tpvais, ' nature.'
(F.) Medecin, Docteur.  One who has received
his  degree from an  incorporated Institution, as
Doctor of Medicine.   The French formerly  used
the  word physicien in the same sense.   It is now
appropriated by them to the natural philosopher.
Physicist has the same signification.
   Physician, Family.   One  regarded as  the
regular attendant on a family.
   Physician, Learned, Iatrosophista—p. Prac-
 tical. Iatrotechna — p. Priest,  see Asclepiadae.
   PHYSICIEN,  Physician.
   PHYSICIST, see  Physician.
   PHYSICS, MEDTCAL, latrophye'ics.  Phy-
 sics directly applied  to medicine, — either to the
 explanation of the vital phenomena, the preserva-
 tion of individuals,  or the treatment of disease.
   PHYSIOAUTOCRATIA, Vis  medicatrix  na-
 turae.
   PHYSIOG'NOMIST, Physiogno'mon, one who
 busies himself especially with, or pretends to be
 versed in, physiognomy.
   PHYSIOG'NOMY, (Old Eng.) Vis'nomy,  Phy-
 siognom'ia, Physiognom'ica, Pliysingnnm'ice,  Pliy-
 sionom'ia,  Physiognomon ' ia,  Physiognnm ' one,
 Pliysiognomos'yne,   Physiognomosia,  Anthrnpn-
 scop'ia, Prosopomantla,  Prostrpolog"ift, Seinint -
 ice  fa'ciei,   Phi/siognomon'ica,  Physiognnm'ony.
 Metopos'copy, Prosopo'sis,  from  tpvais, 'nature,
 and yvuipn, 'knowledge.'   The art of knowing the
 dispositions of  men  frora  their external appear-
 ance ;  especially frora the  features.  Every infe-
 rence of this kind must necessarily be extremely
 fallacious, and cannot be  reduced to rule, as was
 attempted by Lavater and others.   In  infantib;
 diseases, numerous shades  of  expression are evi-
 dent,  which  experience teaches how  to appre-
 ciate ;  and which afford  useful guides  in under-
 standing the pathology of that  period of existence.
   P1IYSIOLOGIA PATHOGENETICA, see Pa-
 thogenetic.
   PHYSIOLOG'TCAL, Physiolof/'iciis, (F.) Phy-
 siologirpie.   Relating or belonging to phys.iol.jgy. 
PIIYSIOLOGICE            71
  Physiological  Anatomy,  see  Anatomy—p. ;|
Doctrin", Broussaism.
  1MIYSIOLOGICH, Physiology.
  PIlYSIOLoiJIST,  Physiologiis.  Same ety-!
mon as the next.  One who occupies himself spe-
cially, or is well acquainted, with physiology.
  PilYSIOL'OGY,/Vi,y«/»/»(/"iVf, Biology,  Ilion'-
omy,  lliolics, lliophauoinenolog"ia, Physiolog"- j
tee, (Eeoiiom'in anima'lis, Anatonlia viva.  Anal- i
lime  allium'ta, Anthropolog"ia, Microctisutogra'-
 pltia, Microcos' mica  scien'tia.  Cog nil" io physio-
lag" ica, Pars nalnra'lis medicina. Philosoph'ia
cor'/rods rid; from ipvats, 'nature,' and Xoyos, 'a
description.'   Formerly,  Physiology meant tbe
same as Physics,  in  its  extensive  signification,
now  does.   At  the  present day, it includes the
science which treats of the functions  of animals
 or vegetables;  an  acquaintance with the  pheno-
 mena the aggregate of which constitute life.   It is
 the science of life.  It is divided into animal—Zob-
 pliijsiologia,  or Zoobiolog"ia; and vegetable —
 Phi/Oi/ihi/siolog"ia, or Phytobiitlog"ia, according
 as it considers the life of animals or of vegetables :
 singly.  Comparative physiology comprises both.
 Physiology is, also, general or special, according
 as it  treats of life in the abstract or in some  par-
 ticular species.  To the latter  belongs tbe Phy-
 siology of Man,—called also, Hygienic Physiology
 to distinguish it from  Pathological Physiology or
 Pathology.
   Physiology, Pathogenetic, see Pathogenetic.
   PHYSIONOMIA, Physiognomy.
   PIIYSIONOMIE- EG ARE E, see Wild.
   PIIYSIS. Natura, Sex.
   PIIYSOCE'LE, Pneumatoce'le,  Hernia  vento'- I
 8d;  Oscheoce'le fiatulen'ta, Empltyse'ma   Scroti,
 from  tpvoaut, T insufflate,' and  renin, 'a tumour.'
 An emphysematous tumour Of  the scrotum ;  pro-
 bably a case of intestinal hernia, containing much
 flatus.
   PIIYSOCEPH'ALUS, from  tpvoaur,  'I inflate,'
 and KtpaXn, ' the head.'  (F.) Physociphale. Em-
 physematous tumefaction of the head.
   IMlYSOCtELIA, Tympanites.
   PH Y'SO'DES ; from tpvoaur, '  I inflate,' and eiSos,
 'resemblance.'  Full  of  air;  apparently full of
 air — applied to tumours, <fec.
   PHYSOMETRA, Emphi/sc'ma  U'teri seu Ute-
 ri'num,  Hysteropllyse, llystei-crupliyse'ina, Hys-
 treinpliyse'ma,  Metrem/rhyse'ina, Injla'lio  U'teri,
 Tyulpaiiy  ofi  the  Womb,  U'terine tympanites,
 from  ipvaaui,  'I inflate,' and pnrpa, 'the  womb.'
 A light, tense, circumscribed protuberance in the
 hypogastrium, obscurely  sonorous, with  wind
 occasionally discharged through the os uteri with
noise, Ili/stcropsoph'ia, ^Edaopsopllia uterina.
  PHYSOX, Flatulence.
  PIIYSOXCUS.  Emphysema.
  PHYSOPSOPH'IA; from  tpvoaur, 'I inflate,'
and  ylotpos,  'a noise.'  A discharge of air with
noise.
  PIIYSOSPASMUS, Colica flatulenta.
  PHYSOTHORAX.  Pneumothorax.
  PIIYTEL'EPHAS   MACROCAR'PA,   from
tpvrov, 'a. plant,'and eXttpas, 'an elephant.'  A tree
of  South America,  called, by YVilldenow,  Ele-
phant ilsia,  the dense albumen  of whose  unt,
is the vegetable ivory,  which   is as durable and
nearly as hard as the ivory of  the elephant.
  PHYT1Y0R0US.  Phytophagous.
  PHYTOALOPECIA, Porrigo decalvans.
  PIIYT0BI0LOG1A, see Physiology.
  PHY'l'O-OHYMISTRY. see  Chymistry.
  PHYTOLACCA  DECAN'DRA, P. vulgaris,
Poke  Weed, Amer'ican night shade, Cancer root, \
Poke,  Sh-oke,  Jucato Calleloe  ['?], Jalap, Pigeon |
Berry, Jalap  cancer root, Sola'iiuoi racemo'sum
America'num sen magnum Virginia'num rubrum, \
Blituui America'num, Garget, (F.)  Raisin d'Ami- ■
1          PICHURIM  BEANS
rique,  Phytolaqite  el  dix itamines,  Mordle en
grappes,  Michoaran du  Canada.  Ord.  Cheno-
podeacm ; Sex. Syst. Decandria Decagynia; from
tpvTov,  ' a plant,'  and lacca / because  the  colour
of the juice of the berries resembles that of lacca.
The leaves, berries, and roots are employed.  The
young stems, when boiled, are sometimes eaten
at table; but when old, they must be cautiously
used,  as  the plant is emetic and cathartic.  It is
most celebrated  as a remedy in chronic rheuma-
tism; and is given in the form of  tincture of  the
ripe berries.  It is, also, used in cutaneous erup-
tions ;  tinea capitis, itch, cancerous ulcers, <fec.
  The root is gathered and dried in the fall.
  PHYTOLA'JUE A  DIN ET AMINES, Phy-
tolacca decandra.
  PHYTOLOGIA MEDICA, Botany, medical.
  PHYTO-PARASITE, Epiphyte.
  PIIYTOPH'AGOUS, Phytoph'ogus ; Phytiv'-
orous, Pliytiv'or-us;  from  tpvrov, 'a  plant,'  anil
payor,  T eat.'  Feeding  or  subsisting on vege-
tables.
  PIIYTOPIIYSIOLOGIA, see Phvsiology.
  PIIYTOSPERM'ATA.(F.) Phytospermes,- from
tpvrov,  'a plant,'  and oTrtptin, 'sperm.'  Parti'-lcs
similar to the spermatozoids of animals, observed
in vegetables, and presumed to possess a similar
agency in reproduction.
  PHYTOTOMY, see  Anatomy, (vegetable.)
  PHYTOZOON, Zoophyte.
  PIA  MATER, Pin  seu mollis seu ten'wis Mu-
ter, Pia  rneninx,  Meninx  inte'rior seu vascnlo'sit.
seu clioro'i'des, Inner lam'ina  of  the Meningine,
(Ch.), Membra'na vasculo'sa  Cer'ebri, M. Cer''.
ebri ten'uis  seu  mollis seu pro'pria, (F.)  Pie
mere,  Miningette.   The   pia  mater  is  a very
delicate  membrane, which covers  the brain im-
mediately, penetrates into  its anfractuosities, and
envelops, also, the cerebellum and  the spinal pro-
longation, <fec.  Bichat does  not  regard  it as a
membrane,  properly so called, but as a net-work
of blood-vessels,  united by a lax  areolar  tissue.
The Pin Mater exterior is the portion of mem-
brane which covers the exterior of the encepha-
lon, and faces  the  arachnoid externally.  Tbe
Pia Mater interior is that which  lines tbe cere-
bral fossae,  into  which it  penetrates  by a cleft
situate between  the posterior part of  the corpus
callosum and tbe fornix; and by two  other  fis-
sures, situate between the corpora fimbriata and
thalami  nervorum opticorum.  The  pia  mater
contains a  great number of granulations similar
to the Glandula  Pacchioni.
  Pia Mater  Testis, Tunica vasculosa—p. Me-
ninx, P. Mater.
  PIAN, Frainbcesia.
  PIANS, MOTHER  OF, Mama-pian.
  PIAR, Fat.
  PlARUA^'MIA.Piarrha'mia, from map, 'fat,
and 'atpa, 'blood.'  Fat in the blood.— Simon.
  PICA, Malacia—p. Africanorum, Chthonopha-
gia.
  PICAC, Euphorbia  corollata.
  PICACISMTS, Pica tio,   from pix,  picis,
'pitch.'  Depilation by means of  a pitch  plaster.
Also, Malacia.
  PICATIO, Malacia, Picacismus.
  PICEA. Pinus abies.
  PK'ERON. Butter.
  PICHU'RIM BEANS.  The seed, Faba Pichu-
rim,  F. Pechu'rei,  Para nut.  Sassafras  nut,
Puxiri, Brazilian nutmeg, of a tree, supposed to
be Perse'a pichurim, Ocote'a pichu'rim seu Pu-
chury, Tetranthe'ra pichurim, Ncctan'dra puchury,
Puchury or  Puchyry of the Brazilians, Ord. Lau-
raccae, which grows in  Brazil, Guiana. Venezuela,
and other parts of South America.  Tbey are of
an  elliptical shape; flat on one side,  convex on
the other;  of an  aromatic  odour between  that cf 
PICK
o
p l l i: u s
nutmegs and sassafras, and of a spicy, pungent
t-iste.  The medical properties are the same as
those of other  aromatics.  For the bark, see Pe-
churim  cortex.
  PICK. Emetic.
  PICKERELWEED,  SHOVEL, Unisema del-
tifolia.
  PI COTE. Variola.
  P1UOTEMENT, Pricking.
  PIC0T1N, Arum maculatum.
  PICRA. Puh-is aloe's et canella;.
  PICR.ENA EXCELSA, Quassia.
  PICRIA, Bitterness.
  PICRIUM SPICATUM, Coutoubea alba.
  PICROCIIOLOS, Bilious.
  PI'CROMEL, Bilin ; from micpos, 'bitter,' and
ptXi,  'honey.'  A  name given by Th^nard to a
colourless, soft substance, of an acrid, bitter, sac-
charine taste, nauseous smell, and very soluble in
water,  which   is considered to  be a bilate ofi
soda.  It'is not an immediate  principle,  but a
mixture of different substances.   It forms part of
the  bile,  and  is generally classed amongst the
animal  immediate  principles.
  PICROPE'GyE, Pikrope'ga, from irntpos, 'bit-
ter,' and nriyti, ' 11  spring.'   Mineral waters ; bit-
ter from the presence of chloride of magnesium.
  PICROS, Amarus.
  PICROTOX'INE,   Picrotox'ina,  Picrotox'in,
from iriKfjos, ' bitter,' and  toxicum, ' poison.'   A
vegetable alkali, discovered by M. Boullay in the
Menispermum  Cocculus.  It crystallizes in quad-
rangular, white, brilliant,semitransparent prisms;
which are excessively bitter, soluble in three parts
of alcohol,  and in fifteen of boiling water.
  The Cocculus Indicus owes its poisonous pro-
perties  to this principle.
  PIE MERE, Pia mater.
  PIE-MERITE,  Infiamma'tio  pia matris.   A
miserably compounded term, employed by M. Gri-
solle, to express inflammation of the pia mater :—
from (F.) pie mere, 'the pia mater,' and ite, itis;
a termination  denoting inflammation.
  PIECE,  Hepatitis.
  PIECES D'ANA TOMIE ARTIFICIELLES,
see Artificial.
  PIED, Pes—p. d'Alexandre,  Anthemis pyre-
thrum— p. d'Ahmette  des  champs, Delphinium
consolida—p.  But, see Kyllosis—p. de Chat, An-
tennaria dioica—p. de Cheval marin, Cornu am-
monis— p.  de  Griffon, Gryphius  pes, Helleborus
foetidus—p. de Lievre, Arum maculatum—p. de
Lion,  Alchemilla — p. de  Lit,  Origanum—p.
d'Ours,  Acanthus mollis—p. Plat, see Kyllosis
— p. de Venn, Arum  maculatum—p. de  Veau
triphylle. Arum triphyllum.
  PIEIRON,  Fat.
   PIERRE. Calculus — ;?. d'Aiglc, Aitites—p.
d'Aimant, Magnet — p. d'Azur. Lapis lazuli—p.
Calaininaire, Calamine—p. d Cautere,  Potassa
cum calce—p.  Divine, Lapis divinus—p. d'Ecre-
visse, Cancrorum  chelae—p. Infernale,  Argenti
nitras—p. Judaiqne. Judaaus (lapis)—p. au Lait,
Morochthus — /,. Midicamenteuse, Medicamento-
sa lapis—p. Niphritiqiie,  Nephreticus lapis—p.
Ponce.  Pumex.
  PIERRES  CRAYEUSES, Calculi, arthritic
— p. au  Fid, Calculi, biliary — p. Stercomles,
Calculus of the Stomach and Intestines—p. Uri-
naires,  Calculi, urinary.
  PIERREUX, Petrous.
  PIESTER,  Press.
  PIESTERION, Press.
  PIESTRON, from iritfa, < I press.'  An instru-
ment recommended  by Hippocrates for breaking
the bones of the foetal head when too large to be
extracted otherwise.
  PIGAMON JAUNATRE, Thalictron.
   PIGEON  BERRY, Phytolacca  decandrn —p
 Breasted, sec Lordosis—p. Tree, Aralia spinosa.
   PIGMENT CELLS, see Cell, pigment.
   PIGMENTAL,  Pigmen'tary, Pigrncnta'rius,
 (F.) Pigmentaire, from /,it/in, ntum, (pingcre, pic-
 turn, ' to paint,') ' paint.'  Having relation to pig-
 ment or colouring matter.
   Pigmental Appaha'tus,  (F.) Appareil pi,/.
 mental.  The  apparatus concerned in the colora-
 tion ofthe skin of the coloured varieties of man.
 — Flourens.
   PIGMENTARIUS, Apothecary, Unguentnrius.
   PIGMENTARY, Pigmental — p. Nievi, see
I Nan'us.
   PIGMENTUM, Paint —p. Indicum, Indigo—
 p. Nigrum,   see  Choroidea  tunica—p.  Uracu,
 Terra Orleana.
   PIGMY, Pygmy.
   P1GNER0LE, Cantaurea calcitrapa.
   PIGNON DE BARBARIE, Jatropha curcas
 — p. d'lnde, Jatropha  curcas—p. dlmle, petit,
 Croton tiglium.
   PIGNUT, Earthnut, Groundnut.  The bulbous
 root of Btlniiim Bulbocas'tanum.   Ord. Umbelli-
 ferae.   Called pignuts, frora  the fondness of the
 pig for them.  Tbey have been considered to pos-
 sess a styptic quality;  and  are deemed service-
 able in atonic affections of the kidney. — Hooper.
   Pignut, Bunium bulbocastanum.
   PIG'S FLARE, Adeps suillus.
   PIKROPEGiE, Picropega?.
   PIKRY, Pulvis aloes et canella;.
   PILA, Sphara, Palla, traXXa, Ball.  A gym-
 nastic  exercise, much  used  by the  ancients as
 well as moderns.—Galen.  Also, a mortar and a
 pestle — Ac'one.
   Pila, Mortar,  Pillar — p. Damnrum, jEgagro-
 pila—p. Rupicaprarum, iEgngropila.
   PlLA  Mari'na, Sphara Marina sen Tlialas'sia,
 Halcyo'nium rotun'dum, (F.) Relate de Mer, Zos-
 tere, Algue marine, A. commune ou des Verriers.
 Certain light, round, depressed, or oblong masses
 —inodorous and insipid—in which rushes, hairs,
 and the dibris of shells are met with.  These are
 found on the sea-shores, and have been regarded
 by Spielmann as consisting chiefly of the  roots
 of the  Zttste'ra  Mari'na seu  Jlnrilima,  Alga
 Mari'na, (Big tangles,  Ware,  Wnir, Sea-ware,)
 Pliucagrns'tis minor.  Iodine is detected in the
 ashes, which accounts for their success in goitre.
 They  have, also,  been given as a vermifuge.
   FILAIRE, Pileous.
   PILAR, Pileous.
   PILARE  MALUM. Trichosis.
   PILATIO, from pilus, 'a hair.'  Fracture of
 the cranium in which  the fissure is narrow, and
 has the appearance of a hair—a cap'Mary fissure,
 (F.) Fente capillaire.
   PILE, Hair.
   PI'LEA  PU'MILA, from pilus, 'a hair,'pilo-
 sns, 'hairy.'  Richweed,  Clear-weed,  Coohceed;
 indigenous;   Order, Urticaceae; flowering from
 July to September; has been used as  a wash in
 poisoning by Rhus.  It has a strong, grateful
 smell.
   PILEOLUM, Calotte.
   PILEOLUS, Caul, Pileus.
   PI'LEOUS, Pilo'sus, Pilose, Pilous, Pifnr, (7.)
 Pileux, Pi/aire, from pil us, 'a hair.'  That which
 relates to the hair.  Hairy.
   Pileous System of Bichat is that formed by
 the hair.  It  comprises the  different species of
 hair of the human body.
   PILES,  BLIND, Cajcse   haemorrhoides, see
 Ilaemorrhois.
   PILEUS, 'a hat, cap. or bonnet, for the  head.'
 Pile'olus.  A  shield.  A nipple-like instrument,
 formed of various materials,  and used by females 
PILEUX                 713                    TILL
for protecting the nipple during the child's suck-
ing, when the part is painful.  Also, a caul.
   Pileus,  Cucupha —p.  Hippocraticus,  Bonnet
d'Hippocrntc.
   PILE UN,  Pileous.
   PILEW'ORT, Ranunculus acris, and R. ficaria.
   PILI CAPITIS,  see Capillus —p. Cutis,  La-
nugo— p. Palpebrarum, Cilia — p. Pudendorum,
Pubes.
   P1LIER, Pillar.
   PILIF'EROUS, Pi'lifer, from  pilus, 'a hair,'
and/Vc«, 'I bear.'   Pile  or hair bearing, — as a
'piIi/'rrons cyst,'—ono containing hair.
   PiLI.MKTIO, see Trichiasis.
   PILL, Pilula—p. Abernethy's, see  Pilula?  hy-
drargyri— p. of Aloes and Camboge,  Pilulae aloes
et cnnihogiue — p. of Aloes and cinchona, Pilulae
nines et kinae  kina; — p. of Aloes and colocynth,
Pilula:  aloes et colocynthidis — p. of Aloes  and
fetid gums,  Pilulae de aloe et foetidis—p. of Aloes
and ginger, Pilulae  aloes et  zingiberis — p. of
Aloes and iron, Pilube aloes  et  ferri — p. Aloes
nnd myrrh, Pilulae aloes et myrrhae—p. Aloetic,
Pilube  aloeticae — p. Aloetic and assafoetida,  Pi-
lula; aloes et assafcetidae — p. Aloetic, compound,
 Pilulae  aloes compositae — p. of Ammoniuret of
copper, Pilula; ammoniureti cupri—p. Analeptic,
James's, see Analeptica — p.  Anderson's,  see  Pi-
lula; aloes et jalapa;—p. Anodyne, Pilulae opiata;
—p. Antibilious, Barclay's,  Pilulae antibiliosae—
p. Antibilious, Dixon's, Pilulae  antibiliosae — p.
Asiatic, Pilulas Asiaticae — p. Assafetida, Pilula-
Assaf'u'tidas—p. Bacber's,  Pilulae  ex  helleboro et
 myrrha—p. Barbarossa's,  Barbarossae pilula;—-p.
Barthez's, see Pilula; aloes et myrrhae.
   Pill,  Blair's.  An empirical preparation of
colchicum, much  used in England  in  cases of
gout,
   Pii.l, Blaud's.  These pills,  proposed  by M.
Blaud  as  antichlorotie, are formed as follows: —
 Take of gum tragacanth,  in  powder,  six grains ;
water,  one drachm.   Macerate in a glass or  por-
celain  mortar, until a thick  mucilage is formed,
and if it be desired  to prevent the formation of
peroxide of iron, and to make the pill similar to
those of Vallet, substitute a  drachm  of powdered
sugar for the  mucilage.  Add afterwards of sul-
phate of iron, in  powder, half an ounce.  Beat
well until the  mixture is  homogeneous, and  add
subcarbonate of potassa, half an ounce.  Beat un-
til the mass becomes of a  deep-green colour,  and
of a soft consistence.  Divide into 48  [?] pills.
Dose, one  a day; gradually increasing to two,
and afterwards to three.
   Pill.Bluk, Pilulae hydrargyri—p. Brandreth's,
Pilulae  aloes et cambogiae — p.  Calomel, Pilula;
hydrargyri chloridi mitis—p. Calomel, compound,
Pilula:  hydrargyri  submuriatis  composite1 — p.
Calomel and opium, Pilula; calomelanos et opii—
p. Camboge, Pilula; cambogiae compos.—p. Cam-
boge, compound, Pilulae cambogia; compositae —
p. of Carbonate of iron, Pilula; ferri carbonatis—
p. Cathartic, compound, Pilula; catharticae com-
posita1—p. of Colocynth and henbane, Pilula; co-
locynthidis et hyoscyami—p. of Colocynth, com-
pound, Pilula; colocynthidis compositae—p. Com-
mon, Pilulae aloes et  myrrha;—p. of  ainmoniated
Copper, Pilula; cupri amiuoniati — p. of Digitalis
nnd squill, Pilula; digitalis et scilla? — p. Dinner,
see Pilube aloes et kina' kinae, and Pilula; rhej.
   Pill, Dinner, of Mr, Mayo. This is composed
of A Rhej. gr. iv ;  Sodae  Carb. gr. j.
   Pill, Everlast'ing.  A  pill once in  vogue,
find said to  be composed  of  metallic  antimony, j
It was believed to have the  property of purging
as often as  it was  swallowed.   A lady  having
swallowed one of  these  pills, became  seriously I
alarmed nt its not passing.  ••Madam," said  her
physician,  "fear  not;  it  has  already  passed]
 through  a hundred  patients  without any diffi-
 culty."— Paris.
   Pill,  Female, Pilulae de aloe et foetidis — p.
 Ferruginous,  of  Vallet, see Ferri protocarbonas
 —p. Fotbergill's, see Pilulae aloes et colocynthidis
 —p. Frank's, see  Pilula? aloes et kinae kinae—p.
 Fuller's, see  Pilula;  de  aloe et foetidis—p. Gal-
 banum, compound, Pilula; galbani  composita} —
 p. Griffith's,  Pilulae  ferri compositae—p. Griffitt's,
 see Pilula; rhej compositae—p. Gum, Pilulae gal-
 bani compositae—p.  Harvey's,  Pilula; aloes et co-
 locynthidis— p. of Hellebore  and myrrh, Pilulae
 ex  helleboro  et myrrha — p.  of  Hemlock,  com-
 pound, Pilula; conii compositae—p. Hooper's,  see
 Pilula1 aloes  et  myrrhae — p.  of Iodide of iron,
 Pilulae  ferri   iodidi — p.  of  Ipecacuanha  and
 opium, Pilulae ipecacuanha;  et opii—p. of Ipeca-
 cuanha and squill, Pilulae ipecacuanha; cum scilla,
 — p. of  sulphate of  Iron, Pilulae ferri sulphatis
 —p. James's  Analeptic, see  Analeptica—p. Key-
 sets, see Hydrargyrus  acetatus — p. Lady Cres-
 pigny's, Pilula; aloes et kina kina; — p. Lady
 llesketb's, see  Pilula;  aloes et kina;  kinae — p.
 Lady Webster's, Pilulae aloes et kinae kinae.
   Pill,  Lartigue's, Pilula  Colchici et Digi-
 ta'lis, (F.) Pilules  de Lartigue.   (Ext. Coloc. c.
 3*8 ; Ext. Sem. Colchic. alcoholic., Extract.  Dig-
 ital, alcoholic, aa gr. iss; f. massa in pilul. x di-
 vidend.)  Do.-e,  two, three, or more,  in  the 2d:
 hours, in gout, until  purging is induced.
   This is a  form that  has  been employed as a
 substitute for tbe Pilules de Lartigue, the compo-
 sition of which is not known.  M. Bouchardat re-
 commends for the same purpose a  combination
 of Extractum colocynthidis compositum, Extractum
 colchici  and  Extractum opii,  which  is  almost
 identical with pills prescribed  by  Sir Henry Hol-
 ford for  the gout; the only difference being, that
 the  latter substitutes Dover's powder for the Ex-
 tractum opii.
   Pill,  Opiate, of Lead, Pilulae plumbi opiata;.
   Pill,  Lee's  New London, is composed  of
 scammony, gamboge,  calomel,  jalap, aloes, soap
 and syrup of buckthorn.
   Pill,  Lee's  Windham,  consists  of gamboge,
 aloes, soap and nitrate of potassa.
   Pill Machine, Pilulier—p. Mattbews's,  see
 Pilulae ex helleboro et myrrha — p. Mercurial,
 Pilulae hydrargyri—p. of  mild chloride  of Mer-
 cury, Pilulae  hydrargyri chloridi mitis — p. Mof-
 fat's, Pilulas  aloes et cambogiae — p. Morrison's,
 Pilulae aloes  et cambogiae, see Pilula  cambogiae
 composita;—p. Moseley's, Pilula;  rhej compositae
 — p. Night, common, Pilulae opiata;— p. Opiate,
 Pilula;  opiata — p.   Peter's, see  Pilula; aloes et
 cambogiae—p. PIuminer's, Pilulae hydrargyri sub-
 muriatis compositae — p. of sulphate of Quinia,
 Pilulae quinia1 sulphatis—p.  Red, Pilula; hydrar-
 gyri submuriatis compositae—p. Red, Boerhaave's,
 see  Hydrargyri sulphuretum rubrum—p. of Rhu-
 barb, Pilulae  rhej — p.  of Rhubarb, -compound,
 Pilulae rhei composita;—p. Rudius's, Pilula; aloes
 et colocynthidis — p. Rufus's, Pilula;  aloes  et
 myrrha; — p.  Ru.-h's, see  Pilulae aloes et eaui-
 bogia?—p. Scotch, Pilula; de aloe et foetidis — p.
 of Soap  and  opium,  Pilula; saponis cum opio—p.
I Spcediuian's,  see  Pilulae aloes et myrrha; — p.
 Squatting.  Pilulae opiatae — p.  Squill, compound,
 Pilulae .scilla  composita; — p. Stabl's, see  Pilulas
 de aloe et  foetidis — p.  Starkey's, see Pilulae  ex
 helleboro et  myrrha — p.  Stomachic, see  Pilula)
 aloes et kinae  kina;, and  Pilula3 rhej —  p. Storax,
 Pilulae e styrace—p.  of Strychnia, Pilula; strych-
 nia1— p. of Submuriate of mercury, compound,
 Pilula hydrargyri  submuriatis  composita; — p.
 Tanjore, Pilula? Asiatic-SB—p. Turpentine,  Pilula;
 de terebinthina — p. Vallet's. see Ferri protocar-
 bonas, and Pilula; ferri carbonatis—p. Webster's, 
PILLAR                 714                 PILUL.E
Pilula; aloes et kinae kinae—p. Whytt's, see  Pi-
lula; de aloe et foetidis.
  PILLAR,  Pila,  Colum'na,  Columella,  (F.)
Pilier.   A name given to several  parts; as  the
pillars ofthe velum palati, diaphragm, &C.
  PILLULA, Pilula.
  PILNA,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF,  see
Piillna.
  PIL ON, Pilum.
  PILOSELLA, Hieracium pilosella—o. Alpina,
Hieracium pilosella.
  PILOSUS, Pileous.
  PILOUS, Pileous.
  PIL'ULA, Pill'ula,  plural  Pilula.   Diminu-
tive of pila,  'a ball.'  Spharid'ion, Catapo'tion,
 Cutop'otitm,  Catapo'tia,  Spha'rion,  Gongyl'ion,
 Gmlgylis, Gongylid'ium,  Spha'rula Gale'ni.  A
pill.   (F.) Pilule.   A simple or compound medi-
cine, weighing from one to five  grains, of a  firm
consistence and spherical form ; intended to be
swallowed at once,  without chewing.  The  Pill
differs from the Bolus, the latter being softer and
larger.
   Medicines  are often given  in the form of pill,
on  account of their disagreeable taste and odour.
Pilula, also, means a Pilular mass.
   PILULAE  EX ALOE, P. aloes compositae—p.
 de  Aloe et cambogia, P. aloes et cambogia;.
   PiluLjG  Aloes,  P. Aloct'ica seu ex Aloe et,
 Sapo'ne, Aloet'ic Pill,  (F.) Pilules d'aloes ou alo-
 itiques.   (Aloes in  pulv.; saponis. sing. \\y, syr.
 q. s. to form 240 pills.—Ph.  U. S.)  Dose, gr. x.
 to xx, in habitual  costiveness.
   Pilule Aloes  et Assafce'tid^5, Aloetic and
 Assafetida  Pills.    (Aloes,  assafvetida, saponis,
 sing. ,^ss;  aqua, q. s. to form 180 pills.—Ph. U.
 S.)   Purgative and stoniacic.  Dose, gr. x.
   Pilule Aloes et  Cambo'gi.'e,  P.  de Aloe et
 Cambo'gid seu Hytlrago'ga Bon'tii, Pill of Aloes
 and Camboge.  (Aloes, cambog., gum. ammoniac,
 aa p. as.  Make into a powder.  Dissolve in vine-
 gar; pass through a cloth; express the residuum
 strongly; and  afterwards evaporate, in a water-
 bath,  to a  pilular consistence.—Ph. P.)  Purga-
 tive;  used in dropsy.   Dose,  gr. xij to xxx.
   Peter's Pills,—a nostrum—are formed of aloes,
 jalap, scammony, and camboge,  of each  equal
 parts.
   The basis of Morrison's Pills, often called  Hy-
 giene Pills,  of Brandreth's  Pills, and Moffat's
 Pills, is said to be aloes, with camboge, scam-
 mony, &c.
   Rush's Pills were formed of calomel, aloes, and
 camboge, with oil of mint.
   Pilul.-e Aloes  et  Colocyn'thidis, P. ex Co-
 locynth'ide  cum aloe seu Aloes cum Colocynthide
 seu coe'eina sencoe'ehii seu colocyn'thidis compos'-
 ita seu coe'eia mino'res, Pill of Aloes and Colo-
 cynth., (F.) Pilules panchymagogues ou universel-
 les, Pilules  cochees.  (Pulp,  coloc. ,^ss ;  aloes
 hepat., scammon. aa ^j ;  sapon. 31J ; ol- caryoph.
 3J; syrup, q. s.—Pfc.  D.) Cathartic.  Dose, gr.
 v to x or more.
   Foth'ergill's  Pills consist of aloes, scammony,
 colocynth, and  oxide of antimony ; and  Harvey's
 Antibilious Pills, and Rudius's Pills do not dif-
 fer much from  them.
   Pilul/e Aloes  Compos'it.e, P. ex Aloe,  Com-
 pound Aloetic^ Pills.   (Aloes spie. extract,  cont.
 ^j ; ext. gentiana,  3;ss ; olei carui, gtt. xl; syr.
 q.s.—Ph. L.)  These  are sometimes, also, called
 Family pills, Antibilious pills, &e.
   Pilule Aloes  et Ferri, Pills of  aloes and
 Iron.  (Ferri  sulphat. p. iij ;  Aloes Barbad. p.
 ij :  Pulv.  arom. p. vj ;  Conserv. Rosa,  p. viij.—
 Ph. Ed.)   In atonic constipation.  Dose, one to
 three pills.
   Pilulae de  Aloe et  Fce'tidis, P. Benedic'ta
Fulleri seu  Ecphrac'tica seu  Aloes martin'lrs,
Pills  ofi aloes and  fetid gums, Female pills, (V.)
Pilules binites tie Fuller.  (Aloes socutr., senna,
assafvetida, gulbnni, aa 3'j :  myrrh, ^iv ; era i,
macis, a a  3.1 : /"''''  sulphat. 3'ss-   Reduce to
powder separately, and add ol. sn, cin. gtt. viij ;
syr. artemisia, q.s. — Ph.  P.)   Purgative, and
given in hysteria.  Dose, gr. xv to xx.
   Whytt's  Pills, given in similar cases, consisted
of chloride ofi iron, aloes, extract of horehound,
and assnfioett'da.
  Stahl's Pills, much used ns a  tonic aperient in
Germany, are made as follows:—Ferripuh-., J}.-n;
Aloes pulv.,  ^ij;  Ext.  colcynth., Qj ;  mucilag.
acacia q. s. ut fiant pil xl.
  Pilule  Aloes  et Jalap'jE,  commonly called
Anderson's pills,  Anderson's Scots' pills, Scotch
pills.   (Aloes Barbad.  Ibj ;  rod.   helleb.  in'gr.,
rad. jalapa, potassa subcarb. aa ^j ;  ol. anisi,
3iv ;  syrup, simpl. q. s. — Gray.)   Dose, gr.  x
to XXX.
  A committee of the Philadelphia College  of
Pharmacy  recommend the following: Aloes Rar-
badens. ^xxiv;  saponis. Jfiv;  colocynthid.  §j;
cambogia,  3J ', °l- anis. f ^ss.
  Pint..*;  Aloes et Kin.e Kin^i, P. stomach'ica
seu aiire cibiim, Pill of aloes and cinchona, (P.)
Pilules gourmandes.  (Aloes socotr. 3vj; <'xl- '■ In-
chon.  3HJ ;  cinnam. 3.) i  syrup,  absinth, q.s.—
Ph. P.)  Stomachic and  laxative.   Dose,  gr. x.
to xx.
  Lady  Crespigny's pills, Lndy Webster's pills,
Lady  Hesketh's pills;  the  Pilules  de  Duchesne,
(Quercetanus), the Grains  de Vie  ou Pilules de
Clirambourg ; the Pilules Iniliennes stomaeliiqnes
tie De la Croix, the Pilules  de  Barbicr, and the
Pilula stomach'ica Mesues  (Ph. L.  1035), resem-
ble these.
  Frank's  pills, much employed, also, as 'dinner
pills,' or, — to use the language of the eccentrio
Kitchener—as 'peptic  persuaders' are said to
be much used, under the name  Graines  de santi,
in various  parts  of Europe.   They  consist  of
aloes, jalap, and rhubarb,  with syrup of worm-
wood as an excipient.
   Pilule  Aloes Martiales,  P. de aloe et foe-
tidis.
   Pilule  Aloes et Myrrhae.  P. aloes cum myr-
rhd seu de aloe et myrrhd, P. Rufi seu Rnffi seu
commit'nes, Rnfits'9  or  Riiffus's  pills. Commun
pills, Pills of Aloes and myrrh.  (Aloes, ^ij ; croci,
in pulv. ^ss; myrrh, ^j ;  syr. q. s. to form 4S0
pills.—Ph. II. S.)  Cathartic and emmenagogue.
Dose, gr. x to xx.
   Hooper's pills — possessed of similar properties
— according to one of Gray's formula: are inado
as follows: Ferri sulph., aqua, ail ,->viij-  Dis-
solve.  Add aloes Barbad. Ibij  and  3 viij; crtml-
la alba, ,^vj ; gum. myrrh, ^ij ; opopanacis, £\v.
The committee  of  the  Philadelphia  College of
Pharmacy recommend the following form :  Aloes
Barbadensis, ^ viij ; ferri sulphatis exsiccut. ^ij,
and 3'8S>  ve^ fern  sulph. cry stall. 3iv ; ext. hel-
leb. nigr. t^ij ; myrrh, %'ty,  saponis, t^ij; canella,
in pulv. tritae, t^j ; zingib. in pulv. trit. fA.
   Speediman's pills consist of  aloes, myrrh, rhu-
barb,  extract of chamomile, and essential oil of
chamomile;  and the Pills  of  Barthez. of aloes,
myrrh, musk, camphor, and  balsam  of Peru.
   PiluLjB de Aloe  et Sapo.ne, P.  abietica:.
   Pilule Aloes cum ZingiiVere,  Pills of allies
and ginger.   (Aloes  hepat. 5 j ; rad. zingib. in
pulv. 3j ;  sapon. Hispan. ,™<s ; ol. ess. mentha pip-
3ss.—Ph. D.)   In habitual costiveness.   Dose,
gr. x to xx.
   Pilule Ammoniure'ti Cupri, P. Cupri, PH»
of Ammo'niuret of copper,  (F.) Pilules d'timim-
 niure de cuivre.   (Ammoniiir. cupri, in pulv. fen.
 trit., gr. xvj ;  »u'c<z panis,  Qiv; aqua carbomitis 
PILUL.E
715
PILUL.E
 ammonia, q. s.   Beat into a mass, and divide into
 xxxij pills.—Ph. E.J  Tonic and antispasmodic,
 in  epilepsy,  Ac.   Dose, one  pill twice  daily;
 gradually increasing the dose.
    Pilula Ante Cibem,  P. aloes et kinae kinse.
    Pilule: Antibilio'sa, Barclay's  Antibilious
  pills.  (Extract of colocynth, 3ij ; ?-e«?'?i of jalap.
 3j :  almond soap, ^iss ; guaiac, 3iij ; emetic tart.
 gr. viij ;  oils  of juniper,  carraway, and rosemary,
  aa iv drops ;  syrup of buckthorn, q. s. to form 64
  pills.)  Dose, two or three.
    Dixon's  Antibilious pills  are formed of aloes,
  icmiimony, rhubarb,  and  tartarized antimony.
    Pilule Antiiierpetica, Pilulae  hydrargyri
  submuriatis comp.—p. Antihystericae, P. galbani
  composita.
    Pilule Antiscrophulo's.e,  P. ex ox'ido stib'ii
  et hydrar'gyri sulphnre'to nigro compos'ita.   (P.
  scammon., hydrarg. sulphur, m'gr. aa %'iy, ont?--
  mouii oxidi albi, millepeil., sapon. amygdalin. aa
  Jiij; extract, glycyrrh. 5 v.   Make into a mass.
  —Ph. P.)  Dose, gr. iv to xx.
    Pilul.e  Antispastica,  P. galbani compositae
  — p. Assafcetida; compositae, P. galbani coinpo-
  sita1.
    Pilule  Asiat'ica, Asiat'ic or Tanjore pills.
  (Acid, arsenios. gr. Iv;  piper, nigr.  pulv., 3ix;
  acacia, q. s. ut fiant pil. 800.   Each  pill contains
  about one-fifteenth of a grain  of arsenious acid.
  These pills are  employed in India for the cure of
  syphilis and elephantiasis.
    Pilule  Assafce'tida, Assafet'ida pills. (As-
  safxtid. t^iss;  saponis, ^ss.  Beat with water so
  as to form a  mass to be divided into 240 pills.—
  Ph. U. S.)
    PlLUL.E  BALS.Ul'lCA,  P.  Docto'ris Morton.
  (Millepcd.  pulverisat. 3xviij ;  gum ammon. 3.XJ ;
 acid, benzoic. Xvj ; croci, balsami Peruv. aa  3J ;
  balsam, sulph. anient. 3vj. Mix.—Ph. P.)  Tonic,
 expectorant, and balsamic.
    Pilula  Benedicts  Fulleri, P. de aloe  et
 foetidis.
    Pilula Calomelanos Composite,  P. Hydrar-
 gyri submuriatis compositae.
    Pilules  Calomel'anos et   Opii, P. Hydrar'-
 gyri' chlor'idi  et o'pii, Pills of Calomel andOpiuin.
 (Hydrarg. chlorid. mit. p. iij ; Opii p. j ; Confect.
 Bus. q. s.   To be divided into pills each contain-
 ing two grains of calomel.—Ph. Ed.)
   Piliil.e  Cambd'gia  Compos'ita,  P. de guttd
 gaiiian'drd seu hydrago'ga seu gummi gutta aloel-
 ica,  Gamboge pills, Compound camboge pills, (F.)
 Pilules de  gomme gutte  composies.   (Cambogia
 contrita, aloes spicat. extract, contriti., pulv. cin-
 nam. comp. sing. 3J ; saponis, 3ij.—Ph. L.) Ca-
 thartic.   Dose,  gr. x to xx.
   Morrison's  Pills are said  by Dr. Paris  to  be
 nothing more  than the above,  with the addition
 of a small portion of cream of tartar.
   Pil'ula  Cathar'tica  Compos'ita, Compound
 cathartic  pills.   (Ext. colocynth. comp. in  pulv.
 3ys: ext. jalapa in pulv.. hydrarg. chlorid. mit.
 "l .T'iji' gambog. in pulv. J}ij.   M.  Form  into a
 mass with water, and make into 180  pills.—Ph.
 U. S.)  Three for a dose.
   Pilula Corcmi, P. aloes et colocynthidis—p.
 Cocciae minores, P. aloes et colocynthidis — p.
 CoccinaB,  P. aloes et colocynthidis — p. Colchici
 et digitalis, P. Lartigue's—p. Colocynthidis com-
 posite, P. aloes et colocynthidis—p. ex Colocyn-
 thide cum aloe,  P. aloes et colocynthidis.
   PlLUL.E  Colouvntii'idis et H yosc v'ami, Pills
 of  Colocynth  and Henbane.   (Pit.  Colocynth.
 camp. p. ij ; Ext. Ilyoscyam. p. i.—Ph.  E.) Dose,
 gr. v  to gr. xx.
  Piliil.e Communes, P. aloes et myrrhae.
  P11.UL.E Conii Compos'ita, Compound  Pill of
 Hemlock.  (Ext.  Conii 3v : Ipecac, pulv. 3j ; The-
riac. q. s.—Ph. L.) Dose, gr. v three times a day.
    Pilule Cupri, P. ammoniureti cupri.
    Pilula Copa'iba, Pills „fi Copaiba.  ''(Popaih.
 ,i'j; magnesia, recente praepar. 3J.   Mix  and
 set aside till it concretes into a pilular mass, to
 be divided into 200 pills._Ph. \\ s.)  Eilch pin
 contains nearly five grains of copaiba.  Two to
 six for a dose.
    Pilula Cupri Ammonia'ti, Pills  of ammo'ni-
 ated Copper.   (Cupri amnion, in pulv. p. j ; mi<a
 panis, p. vj ;  Liq. amnion,  carbonat. q. s.__Ph.
 E.)  Dose, one to six pills.
    Pilula de Cy.noglos'so, P. de extrac'to o'/,',;.
 (Pulv. rail, cynogh.ss., semin. hyoscyam. alb., ex-
 tract, opii^ vinos, aa. 3iv ; pulv. myrrh,  Zvj :  oliban.
 Xv; croci, castor., aa 3iss ; syrup opii,  q.  s.__
 Ph. P.)   Anodyne.   In cough, &c.   Dose, gr. iv
 to gr. viij.
  _  Pilul.e Depurantes, P. hydrargyri submu-
 riatis compos.
    Pilula Digita'lis et Scilla, Pills of Diai-
 talis  and Squill.   (Digital.,  Scilla,  ai p.  j;
 Elect,  aromat. p. ij.—Ph. E.)  One or two  oil'ls
 for a dose.
    Pilul.e Ecphractica, P. de aloe et foetidis.
    Pilula Ferri Carbona'tis, Pitts of carbonate
 of iron,  Vallet's pills, Val/et's fierrn'ginoiis pi/h.
 (Ferri sulph.  if viij ; s,„Ur  carbonat.  %x  ;  Mel.
 despumat. ^iij ; sacchar. 3 i j ; aqua bulUentis, Oi;;
 syrup, q. s.  Dissolve the sulphate  of iron  arid
 carbonate of soda, each in  a pint of the  water,
 and to each  solution add a fluidounce  of syrup;
 then mix the two solutions in a bottle just large
 enough to contain them; close it accurately with
 a  stopper, and set it by, that the  carbonate of
 iron may subside.  Pour off the liquid, and having
 washed  the precipitate  with warm water, sweet-
 ened with syrup in the  proportion of f'^j  of the
 latter to Oj of the former, until  tbe washings no
 longer have a saline taste, place it upon a flannel
 cloth,  and  express  as much water as  possible ;
 then mix it with the honey and  sugar.  Lastly'
 heat the mixture  in a water-bath, until it attains
 a pilular  consistence. —Ph.  U. S.)
   Pilula  Ferri Compos'ita. P. ferri cum mr/r-
 rhd. Compound pills of iron,  Griffith's Pills,  (F.)
 Pilules de fer composies.  [Myrrh, in pulv.  2ij ;
 soda subcarb.,  ferri  sulph.  ft a  3J ; syrup, q. s.
 Mix, to form 80 pills.—Ph.  U. s!) Tonic.  Dose^
 gr. x to xx.
   Pilula Ferri Iod'idi, Pills of Iodide of iron.
 (Ferri sulphat. 3J ; Potass, iottid. ^'w.-'traga-
 canth. pulv. gr. x ; sacchar. pulv. 3ss.   Beat with
 syrup into a mass, to  form 40 pilfs.— Ph. U. S.)
 Dose, one to three where  a tonic and eutrophic
 is indicated.
  Pilula Ferri cum Myrrha,  P. Ferri compo-
 sitae.
  Pilul.e Fekri Sulpha'tis, Pills of Sulphate
 of Iron.  (Ferri sulph. exsicc. p. ij ; Ext.  Taraxac.
 jr.. v; Conserv.  Rosa p. ij ;   Glycyrrhiz.  pulv. p.
 i'j-—Ph. E.)  Dose, gr. v to gr. xx.
  Pilula Fcetida, P. galbani composita;.
  Pilule Gal'bani  Compos'ita, P. assafoetida
 compos'ita sen five'tida seu gummo'sa seu e gummi
 seu antispas'tica seu antiliyster'iea  seu myrrha
 compos'ita, Compound galbanum  pill, Gum pill.
 (Galban.,   myrrha,  aa  5fvj ;  assaheticla, Xl]';
 syrup, q. s. to form 240 pills.—Ph. U.  S.)   Anti-
 spasmodic and  emmenagogue.   Dose  gr. x to
 xx.
  Pilula  Gummi. P. galbani  composite —p.
 Gummi guttae  aloeticae,  P. cambogia;  composita;
— p. Gummosa;, P. galbani  composita;— p. do
 Gutta garaandra, P. cambogia; composita.
  Pilul.e ex Helleb'oro et Myrrha, P. tall-
 ica, Bacher's pills, Tonic pills of Baelier,  Pith
of  hellebore and  myrrh.    (E.r'l.  helleb.  nig.,
myrrh, aa  ijj ;  fiol.  cardui  benedict, in  pulv.
3nj.  M.—Ph. P.)   Tonio and  emmenagogue. 
PILUL-E
716
PILUL.E
In dropsical, cutaneous, and verminous affections.
Dose, gr. iv to gr. viij.
  Matthews's pills, — Starkey's pills, are formed
of rad. helleb.  nigr., rad. glycyrrh., sapon. Cast ill.,
rail, curcuma, opii purif., syrup, croci, aa §iv j
ol. tereb. q. s.  ut fiat massa. — Gray.
  Pilula Hydragog e, P.  cambogia; compositae
—p. Hydragogae Bontii, Pilulas aloes et catnbogia?.
  Pilula Hydrar'gyri, P. mercuria'les, Mer-
curial or  Blue pill, (F.)  Pilules  de Mercure.
(Hydrarg. purif. ^j ,' conf.  rosa, ^iss : glycyrrh.
pulv. ^ss.  Rub the quicksilver  with the confec-
tion, until the globules disappear; then add the
liquorice powder, and beat the whole into a uniform
mass, to  be divided into 480 pills.—Ph. U.S.) Anti-
syphilitic; mercurial;—in large doses, purgative.
   A purgative pill, much prescribed by Mr. Aber-
nethy, nnd called Abemethy's pill, consisted  of
pil. hydrarg. gr.  x; jalap,  pulv. gr. xx;  syrup.
rharnni,  q. s.  ut fiant pil. vj.  Two were given at
night, and the next morning a wineglassful of
infusum  senna.
   Pilula  Hydrargyri Chloridi  et  Opii,  P.
 Calomelanos  et Opii.
   Pilule Hydrar'gyri Chlo'ridi  Mitis, Pills
of mild chloride of mercury, Calomel pills. (Hy-
 drarg.  chlorid. mit. ^ss ;  acacia, in  pulv.  3J j
syrup, q. s. ut fiant  pil. 240. — Ph. U. S.)   Each
pill contains one  grain.
   Pilula  de  Hyurargyro,   Scammo'nio   et
Aloe, vulgo  Mercuria'les, (F.) Pilules Mer-
cnrielles ou de  Mercure,  Scammonie et  Aloes.
 (Hydrarg, purif. ^j ; mellis, ^sj.  Rub until the
globules disappear;  then add aloes Socot., scam-
uion. aa ij ij ;  macis,  cinnam. ail  3'j-   Make into
 a mass.—Ph. P.)  Uses, same  as  the last,  but
 they are more purgative.   Dose, gr. viij to  xxx.
 These pills are nearly the  same as  the Pastilles
 de Renatnlot.
   PlLUL/E ex Hydrargyro Muriatico miti cum
 Sulphure Stibiato Aurantiaco, Pilulae hydrar-
 gyri submuriatis  compositae.
   Pilula Hydrargyri Submuriatis Compos-
 ita, P. ex stib'io et hydrar'gyro seu antiherpel -
 ica seu  ex hydrargyro muriat'ico miti  cum sul-
 phure stibia'to auriantiaco seu resolven'tes  cum
 mercurio  seu  depurantes seu  hydrargyri subinu-
 i-iatis,  Pilula Hydrar'gyri chlor'idi compo'sita,
 Pilula calomelanos compos'ita, Compound Calo-
 ornel pill, Compound pills  of submuriate of mer-
 cury, Calomel pills, Plummer's pills, Red pill.  (Hy-
 tlrarg. snbmur., antimon. sulphur, precipitat. sing.
 3'J  5 guaiac. gum  resin, contrit.  q'w  ; spirit red.
 3ss.  Beat together.—Ph. L.)   Mercurial,  and
 reputed to be diaphoretic and alterative.   Dose,
 gr.  v to x.
  'Leake's pilula  saluta'ria resembles these.   It
 is used  in syphilis.
   Pilula Hydrargyri  Submuriatis et  Opii,
 P.  Calomelanos et Opii.
   Pilula Ipecacuan'ha et Opii, Pills of Ipeca-
 cuanha  and Opium.  (Pulv. Ipecac.et Opii, p. iij;
 Conserv. Rosa, p. j.—Ph. E.) One grain of opium
 iu about thirteen grains.
   Pilula Ipecacuan'ha cum Scilla, Pills of
 Ipecacuanha  with Squill.  (Pulv. Ipecac, comp.
 3''J '  Scilla  pulv.,  Ammoniac,  in pulv.  aa 3J j
 Theriac. q. s.—Ph. L.)  Dose, gr. v to  X.
   Pilula Mercuriales.  P. hydrargyri, P. de
 hydrargyro, scammonio et  aloe—p. Doctoris Mor-
 ton, P.  balsamicae—p.  Myrrhae  compositae,  P.
 Galbani compositae.
   Pilula Opia'ta, Pihda  Opii (Ph.  U. S.), P.
  Theba'ica, Opiate pills. Common night pills, Ano-
 dyne  pills,  (Prov.) Squatting  pills,  Nepen'thes
 ti)}iti'tum,  (F.)  Pilules  opiacies.   (Opii  pulv.
 3'l; sapon. gr. xij ; to bo made into 60 pills.—Ph.
 U.  S.)   Each pill contains a grain of opium.
   Pilula de  Extracto Opii,  P. de cynoglosso
— p. ex  Oxido stibii et hydrargyri  sulphureto
nigro compositae, Pilulae antiscrophulosae.
  Pilula  Plumbi  Opia'ta,  O'piutc  Pills of
Lead.  (Plumb, acetat., p. vj ;  Opii, p. j ;  Con-
serv. Rosa, p.  j.  To  be  made into four grnin
pills.—Ph. E.)   Each  pill contains three grains
of acetate of lead.
  Pilula  Resolventes cum Mercurio, P. hy-
drargyri  submuriatis compos.—p. de Rhabarbaro,
Pilulae rhei compositae.
  The  stomachic nostrum, sold under the namo
of Moselcy's pills, consists merely of rhubarb and
ginger.
  Pilula  Qui'nia Sulpha'tis, Pills of sulphate
of quinia.  (Quin. sulph.  ^j;  acacia, in pulv.
3ij;  mel. q. s. ut fiant  pilulae  4S0. — Ph. U. S.)
Each pill  contains  a  grain  of the  sulphate of
quinia.
  Pilula  Rhej, Pills of Rhubarb.  (Rhej pulv.
3vj ; saponis, 3U-  M. et fiant pil. 120. — Ph. U.
S.)  Each  pill  contains three  grains of rhubarb.
   A good  dinner or stomachic  pill is  made of
Rhej pulv. 3U I  Capsic. pulv. 3J >  make into a
mass with molasses, and  divide into  60 pills.
Dose, two or three before  dinner.
   Pilula  Rhei Compos'ita,  P. de Rhabar'baro,
Compound  rhubarb pills.  (Rhei, pulv. (^j : aloes,
pulv. 3vj ;  myrrh, pulv. 3'v> "'• mentha pip. f^ss.
Beat into  a  mass, with syrup of orange-peel, to
form 240 pills.—Ph. U. S.)  Laxative and sto-
machic.  Dose, gr. x to xx.
   Pilula  Rhej et  Ferri, Pills ofi Rhubarb and
Iron. (Ferri sulph. exsiccat. p. iv; Ext. Rhej, p. x ;
Conserv. Rosa, p. v.  Make into five grain pills.)
Dose, as a  tonic and laxative, two or three pills.
   Griff It's pills, so called after  Dr. S. P. Griffitts,
of Philadelphia, who prescribed them as a tonio
aperient, were  formed  as  follows:—Rhej, pulv.
3iss; ferri sulph. 3SS : saponis, ^ij j aqua, q. s.
ut fiat massa in pil.  xl dividenda. Dose, three or
four at bedtime.
   Pilula Rufi, P. aloes  et  myrrhae — p. Salu-
tariae,  Leake's, see Pilulae hydrargyri submuriatis
compositae — p. Saponaceae, P.  saponis  cum opio
— p. Saponis compositae,  P. saponis cum opio.
   Pilula Sapo'nis Compos'ita, P. Snpmta'cea
seu sapo'nis compos'ita, Pills ofi soap and opium,
(F.) Pilules de  savon  et  el opium.  (Opii, §ss;
sapon. %'\j. M.—Ph. U. S.)   Five grains  contain
one of opium.
   The Pharmacopoeia of the  United States has  a
form for the Pilula opii,  Opium pills, as  well as
for the Pilula  saponis composita ; the only differ-
ence between them being in the proportion ofthe
ingredients.   See Pilulae opiata?.
   Pilula e Scilla, P. scillae composite.
   Pilula Scilla Compos'ita, P. seillit'ica seu
scilla  cum zingib'ere seu e scilld, Compound squill
 pill.  (Scilla,  pulv. 3J ; zingib. pulv., ammoniac.
pulv. aa 3'.1 >  saponis,  SJiij ; syrup,  q. s. ut fiant
pil.  120. —Ph. IT. S.)  'Dose, two pills.  Expec-
torant and diuretic.  Dose, gr. x to xx.
   Pilula Scilla cum Zingibers, P. scilla; com-
positae—p. Scilliticae, P. scillae  compositae—p. ex
 Stibio et hydrargyro, P. hydrargyri submur. com-
pos.— p. Stomachic*,  P. aloes et kinae kinae.
   Pilula Strych'nia, Pills of Strychnia. (Very
pure  strychnine,  2  gr. ;  conserve  of roses, 3SS-
 Make into 24 pills.)   One or two for a  dose.
   Pilula Sty'racis,  P. S. Compos'ita,  Starax
 Pills.    (Styracis pur.  Xv\;  opii, croci, sing. 3J.
 — Ph. E.)  Five grains contain one of opium.
   Pilula Sublingualf.s, Hypoglottides.
   Pilula de Terebin'thina, Turpentine Pills.
 Made of turpentine boiled in  3 times  its weight
 of water,  until, when thrown  into  cold water, it
 forms a soft paste, which has tbe  properties  of
 turpentine, and has been administered in gleet, 4c. 
PILULAR
717
PINEA
   Pilule Tiieijaice, P. opiatae — p. Tonicae, P.
 ex Hcll.boro et invrrha.
   PII/ULAR, P'iluht'ris, (F.)  Pilnlaire, from
 pilula, 'a pill.'  Relating to  pills,—as ' a pilular
 mass,' ' /n'lular form,' &c.
   PIL ULUS, Pilulee—p. Agrigatives, see Aggre-
 gate—/>.  d'Aloes ou aloitiqnes, Pilulae aloeticae—
 p. d'Aiumoriiure de  cuivre, Pilula; ammoniureti
 cupri—p. de  Barbier, see Pilulae Aloes  et kinae
 kina-—p.  Binites de Fuller,  Pilulae de aloe  et
 foetidis—/'. Cochies, Pilula; aloes et colocynthidis
 —p. de Duchesne, see Pilula; Aloes et kinae kinae
 —p. ih- Fer composies, Pilulae  ferri eompositae —
  p. Ferrugineuses de  Vallet, see Ferri protocarbo-
 nas—p. Goitrmarides, Pilulae aloes et kinae kinae
 — p.  Indiennes  stomachiqiies  de  Delacroix,  see
 Pilula; aloes et kinae kinae—p. de Lartigue, Pill,
 Lartiguc's—p. de Mercure, Pilulaa hydrargyri—p.
 de Mercure, &c., Pilulae de hydrargyro, et scam-
  monio et aloe—p. Mvrcuriell.es, Pilulae de hydrar-
 gyro, scammonio et  aloe — p.  Opiacies,  Pilulae
 opiatae—p. Panchymagogues, Pilulae aloes et colo-
  cynthidis—p. de Savon et d'Opium, Pilula? saponis
  cum opio—p. Universelles, Pilula; aloes et colo-
  cynthidis.
   PILUUER (F.), Pill Machine. An instrument
  for rolling and dividing pills.  Also  the earthen
 pot in  which  pills are preserved.
   PILUM, Pistil'lus, Pistillum, Hyp'eros, Cer'-
  eis, (F.)  Pi/on.  A pestle.  A wooden, iron, bell-
  metal, marble, agate, porcelain, or glass instrument
 for beating or dividing substances in  a mortar.
   A spring pestle is  one attached  above  to  a
 spring, so as  to take  off the  weight, and thus
 lessen the labour of pounding.
   PILUS, Capillus, Caul, Hair.
   PLMELE, Fat.
   PIMBLECCIIYSIS, Pimelorrhoea.
   PIMELICUS, Fatty.
   PIMELI'TIS, from irtptXn, 'fat,' and  itis, de-
 noting inflammation.  Inflammation  of  the adi-
 pous tissue.
   PIMELODES, Fatty.
   PIMELO'MA,  from  ^tAi?,  'fat.'  A  fatty
 Swelling.
   PIMELORRHCE'A,  Pimelec'diysis,  from
 inptXti, 'fat,' and ptor, 'I  flow.'  A morbid dis-
 charge or disappearance of fat.
   PI.Mi:L0RTH0PNC3'A. Piorthopnoe'a ; from
 rmtXi;, 'fat,'  opdos,  'upright,' and  irvteiv, 'to
 breathe.'   Dyspnoea,  practicable only  in the erect
 attitude, owing to fat.
   PIMELO'SIS, Obes'itas ninlia, from  -iriptXrr,
 'fat.'  Conversion into, or formation of, fat, — as
 Pimelo'sis hepat'ica,  'fatty  degeneration of the
 liver.'
   Pimelosis  Hepatica, Adiposis hepatica — p.
 Ninlia,  see Polysarcia.
   PIMENT, Capsicum annuum—p. d'Eau, Poly-
 gonum hydropiper—p. Royal,  Myrica gale.
   PIMENTA,  sec Myrtus pimenta.
   PIMKNT.E  BACC.E. see Myrtus pimenta.
   PIMENTO,  see Myrtus  pimenta.
   PIMPERNEL, BLUE,  Scutellaria lateriflora
 —p. Red, Anagallis—p. Scarlet, Anagallis arven-
 sis—p. Water, Veronica beccabunga.
   PIMPILIM, Piper longum.
   PIMPINEL, (bipinella or bipennula, from the
 double pennate orderof its leaves.) see Pimpinella.
   Pimimvel Italian.  Sanguisorba officinalis.
   PIMPINELLA ALEA.  P.  saxifraga — p. An-
gelicaafolia, Ligusticum podagraria.
   PniPINEL'LA Ani'sum,  Anise plant,  Anisum
(Ph.  U.  S.), A.  officina'le sen vnlgn're  Sison anl-
tnm, A'pium ani'sum. Sola'men intestino'rum, Ane'-
sum,  (F.) An is,  Boncage an is.  Ord. Umbellifera;. ![
Sex.  Syit. Pentandria Digynia.   A  native of I
Egypt.  The seeds, Ani'sum, (Ph. U. S.) Sem'ina li
I Anisi, Ailiseed, (Old Eng.) Aneys, have an aro-
 matic odour;  and  a sweetish, warm, grateful
 taste. They are carminative, and used in dyspep-
 sia and in tormina of infants.  Dose.  gr. xv to
 X], bruised.  The oil,—Olei m Ani'si, (F.) Huiie
 ,1-anis—is officinal.  Dose, gtt. v to xv.  Most of
 tbe oil used  in this  country under the name  of
 Oil of Anise is said to be obtained from Illicium
 Anisatum.
    Aqua ani'si, Anise water, (Ph. D.) is  made  by
 mixing a fluidounce of essence of anise, with half
 a gallon (Imp. meas.) of distilled  water, and fil-
 tering through paper.
    Pimpinella, Greater, P. magna—p. Hircina,
 P. Saxifraga — p. Laterifolia, Sion ammi.
    Pimpinel'la  Magna seu nigra  seu  major seu
 rubra; Greater Pimpinella ;  fragosell num mag-
 num seu majus, Daucus,  Cyan'opus, (F.) Boncnge
 majeur.  The root has been extolled as diuretic
 and  resolvent, as well as in erysipelatous ulcera-
 tions, tinea capitis, rheumatism, <fec.
    Pimpinella  Major, P. magna — p.  Nigra,  P.
 magna—p. Nostras, P. saxifraga —p. Officinalis,
 Sanguisorba officinalis —p. Rubra. P. ma?na.
    Pimpinella  Saxif'raga,  Sax'ifrnge, ^Burnet
 sax'ifirage, Pote'rium sanguisor'brt, Sorhastrel'/a,
 Tragoscli'niim, T. saxif'raga, Pimpinel'la hirci'na
 seu umbellifera  seu  alba seu nostras,  (F.) Ban-
 cage mineur, Petit B., Pimprenelle, liompt-pierre.
 Tbe root has an unpleasant smell,  and  hot. pun-
 gent, bitterish taste.  It has been  recommended
 as a stomachic; and as  a stimulating  gargle  in
 paralysis of the tongue.
    Pimpinella  Umbellifera, P. saxifraga.
    PIMPLE. Papula.
    PTMPLED, Papulose.
    PIMPREXELLE,  Pimpinella  saxifraga— p.
 Noire. Sanguisorba officinalis.
    PIN.   Perhaps from  peniutm, low Latin: or
 from  spina [?].,Spina fier'ren, Spi'vula,   Acus
 capitu'ta, (F.) Epingle.  An iron or brass instru-
 ment, generally of a small size, pointed at one
 extremity,  and having a head  at the other.  It is
 used, in  Surgery, to fix  rollers  and dressings;
 and occasionally in sutures.
   PIN .AND  WEB. Caligo.   '
    PIN A   PIG SON. see Pinus picea.
   PINASTELLUM. Peucedanum.
   PINASTER, Pinus sylvestris.
   PIN RON E, I.-diion. '
   PINUE.  Forceps—p.  rl Anneaux, see Forceps
 —p.tl Dissection, see Forceps—p. d Ligature, see
 Forceps—p. Lilhodrassique, see  Lithodrassic—p.
 Pai,sen,, nl.  see  Forceps.
   PIXUE.  Pinched.
   PIXCEE, Pugillus.
   PINCERS. Forceps.
   PIXr/JTTE. Forceps.
   PINCHED,  Quitmc'tus. Rctrac'tus. (V.) Find,
 Grippi.  An epithet applied  to the face,  when
 the features are contracted or shrunken :  as in vio-
 lent abdominal affections or durine intense pain
   PINCKNEY'A PUBENS,  P. Pubes'cens,
 Georgia Bark,  Bitter Bark. Florida Bark.  Ferer
 tree.   This  bark has been  used  in Georgia in the
cure of intermittents. and  successfully.  It is  a
powerful bitter.   Dose of the powder, X\.
   PINDARS. Arachis Hypogea.
   PINE APPLE. Bromelia ananas —p. Apber-
nousli. Pinus cembra — p Ground. Lycopodium
complnnntum—p. Ground, stinking, Camphoros-
ma Monspeliaca—p. Loblolly. Pinus ta;da — p.
Mountain,  see  Pinus  mughos— p.  Mugho,  see
Pinus mughos — p. Prince's, Pyrola umbellata —
p.   Sap,  American,  Hvpopitys lanuginosa—p.
Stone, Pinus pinea — p. Sugar, see Arrow  Root
— p. Yellow. Pinus palustris.
  PINEA, Pinus pinea. 
PINEAL                718            PINUS  MUGHOS
  PINE'AL,  Pinea'lis,  from  pinus, 'a  pine.'
That which resembles a pine-apple.
  Pineal  Gland,  Glaintula  pinea'lis,  Cerebral
epiph'ysis, Cona'rium, Cono'i'des corpus, Cor])iis
tiirbina'tum, Penis seu Virga seu Turbo cer'ebri,
is a small body, of a conical shape;  pale red  or
grayish colour;  and soft censistence; situate be-
tween the fornix and the tubercula quadrigemina.
It almost always  contains  sabulous  particles,
Sab'ulum cona'rii.  Brain  Sand,  Pine'al Sand.
When  these are grouped together over the  base
of the gland, they form the Aeer'viilus Cer'ebri
of Sommering,  Acer'vuli seu Lapilli glan'dula
pinea'lis.  From its anterior parts arise two me-
dullary stria;, which proceed over the  posterior
commissure;  coast along the optic thalami, and
unite at the anterior pillar of the fornix, — the
Habe'na, Haben'ula or reins of the pineal gland
—Pedunculi cona'rii, see Peduncles of the Pineal
 Gland.
  The uses of  the  pineal  gland are unknown.
Descartes supposed  it to be the seat of the soul!
  Pineal Sand, see Pineal gland.
  PINEI, see Pinus pinea.
  PINEOLI, see Pinus pinea.
  PINEUS  PURGANS, Jatropha curcas.
  PINEWEED, Hypericum sarothra.
  PINGUECULA, Pteryg'ium pingue seu tar-
 da'ceum, from pinguis,  'fat,' 'fatty.'   A small,
 whitish-yellow tumour in  the sclerotic  conjunc-
 tiva and  subjacent areolar tissue,  close to the
 margin  of the  cornea on its nasal  or  temporal
 side; so called from its being supposed, but erro-
 neously, to be of a  fatty nature.
   PINGUEDO, Fat —p. Renalis, Nephridion.
   PINGU1CULA VULGA'RIS, (pinguis, 'fat,')
 P. alplna, Sanic'u/a monta'na seu  Eboracen'sis,
 Vi'ola palus'tris, Dodecath'eon  Plitlii, Butter-
 wort,  Yorkshire San'icle.   Ord.  Lentibulaceae.
 Sex. Syst. Diandria Monogynia.  The unctuosity
 of this plant has caused it be  applied to chaps,
 and as a pomatum to the hair. Decoctions of tbe
 leaves, in broths, are used by the common paople
 in Wales as a cathartic.
   PINGUID, Fatty.
   PINGUIDINOUS,  Fatty.
   PINGUIN, Bromelia pinguin.
   PINOUITUDO,  Polysarcia adiposa.
   PINHOLE PUPIL, see  Pupil, pinhole.
   PIN HONES INDICI, Jatropha curcas.
   PINK, CAROLINA, Spigelia Marilandica.
   Pink Dye.  Stripped safflower, 3.J, subcarb.  of
 potass,  gr. xviij, spirit  of  wine, 3v'j j digest  for
 two hours; add distilled water, %\y, digest  for
 two hours  more, and add  distilled vinegar  or
 lemon juice q. s., to  reduce it to a fine rose-colour.
 Used  as a cosmetic.
   Pink, Ground,  Silene Virginica — p. Indian,
 Spigelia Marilandica — p. Wild, Silene Virginica.
   PINKROOT, Spigelia marilandica—p. Deme-
 rara, Spigelia anthelraia.
   PINNA, Ala, Pavilion of the ear—p. Marina,
 see Bissus.
   PINNACULUM  FORNICIS GUTTURALIS,
 Uvula.
   PINNiE  HEPATIS, Lobes of the liver —p.
 Naris, see Nasus.
   PINNULA, ^?7ero??.
   PINNULE  HEPATIS, Lobes of the liver.
   PINO'LI (S.).  A preparation used for subsist-
 ence on long journeys in the West.  It is parched
 corn, beaten  or ground very fine, and sweetened
 with sugar, to be used with water, and drunk on
 the  march.   It is the cold flour of  the Indians,
 and early Western pioneers.
   PlRONCILLO TREE, Castiliognia lobata.
   PINSWEAL, Furunculus.
   PINT, Octarius.
  PINTA, from  (S.)  pintar, 'to paint.'  /?/««
stain:  a disease, which is said to prevail in Mex-
ico, and to be a variety of Pityriasis versicolor
  PINUS A'BIES. P. excels,, seu pice'a, A'bics,
A. rubra seu exedsa seu /,ieea.  Elate thelei'a,
Pice'a, Noru-aif  S/tr tee  Fir,  Yew-leaved Fir.
Nat. Ord. Oonifera;.   Sex. Syst. Moncecia .Mona-
delphia.   The tops are used  in making  Spruce
Beer.
  Essence of Spruce, Essen'tia Abie'tis, is  a fluid
extract, prepared by decoction from the twigs of
this  species of fir.   From this is made  Spruce
Beer.
  This fir affords the Burgundy pitch and com-
mon frankincense.   1. Ilitr'gundy or White pitch,
Pix  Burgun'dica seu alba seu ar'ida seu abieti'nn
seu abie'tis (Ph. U. S.), Resi'na abie'tis hu'mida,
R. alba humida, Pini  abie'tis resina  sponte con-
cre'ta, (F.) Poix blanche ou grasse on jaune ou
de Bourgogne.   This prepared concrete juice is
of a close consistence, rather soft, of a reddish-
brown colour, and  not unpleasant smell.  It is
very adhesive  to the skin;  and, consequently,
forms  excellent plasters for remaining upon the
part for some time ; — as in cases of affections of
the  chest.  2.  Abie'tis  Resi'na   (Ph.  L. since
1809), Common  Frankincense,  Perrosin,  Thus,
Th. fopminlnum seu vulga're, Olib'anum vulgare
seu  syh-cs'tre, Resina  abietis  sicca, Resin of the
Spruce Fir.  It is solid, dry,  brittle;  externally,
brownish-yellow;  internally,  whitish.  Used  in
plasters like the last.
  Pinus Abies, see P. picea — p.  Alba, P. pieea,
  Pinus  Balsame'a,  A'bies  balsame'a sen bnl-
samifi'era, Peu'cea balsame'a, Balsam fir.  The
tree which affords the Canada Balsam, Balsamum
Canaden'se seu de  Can'ada,  Resina  strobillna,
Terebinth'ina Canaden'sis seu Pini balsame'a,Ca-
nada Turpentine or Balsam, Balsam ofi Fir, (F.)
Baume de Canada, is  one  of  the  purest turpen-
tines.  It  has  the common properties of those
substances.
  Pinus Canaden'sis, Abies Canaden'sis, Hem-
lock, Hemlock, Spruce.  A tree, which is abundant
in Canada, Nova Scotia, and  the  more  northern
parts of  New England, and is found  in the ele-
vated  and mountainous  regions  of  the  Middle
States.  The  pitch — Pix  Canadensis, Canada
Pitch, Hemlock Pitch — obtained  from it is com-
monly known under the name Hemlock  Gum.
  Pinus Candicans, P. Picea.
  Pinus  Cembra,  P.  Monta'na, Apliernous'li
Pine.  It  yields  an agreeably scented turpen-
tine:—the Carpathian Balsam, Bal'samum Car-
path'icum seu  Lib'ani,  Carpath'icum,  Briaucon
Tur'pentine. The nuts, Cembro nuts, Nn'elci Cem-
bra, have an eatable kernel, and  yield  oil.  The
shoots yield Riga Balsam by  distillation.
  Pinus Damar'ra, Ag'athis  Damarrtt, grows in
the  East India Islands.  The juice speedily con-
cretes into a very hard resin,—the Dumarra tur-
pentine.
  Pinus Excelsa, P. abies—p. Gallica, P. picea.
  Pinus  Larix, A'bies  larix, Larix, L. commu'-
nis seu decid'ua seu Europa'a sen pyrumiiln'lis.
The Larch, (F.) Miteze.  From this  tree exudes
 Or'emberg gum, Bri'uncon manna, Gummi lar'icis
seu  Oremburgen'se seu Uralen'se, Manila Brignn-
ti'na seu larice'a.  It also yields, by boring, Com-
mon Venice Turpentine, Resina Lar'icis, Terehin-
thina  Veil eta seu lariclna, Pini Lar'icis reel nn
liq'uida,  (F.) Tiribenthine  de Vinise ou  de Mi-
leze.  It  is usually thinner than  the other sorts
of turpentine.
   Pinus Mughos. The Mountain or Mugho Pine,
Pinus Purnil'io.  From  the  extremities of the
branches exudes  the  Resi'na Strobillna, of the
Germans, or Hungarian Balsam.  It is also ob-
tained, by expression, from the cones.  By dis- 
PINUS  PALUSTRIS         719               PIPEROID
 tillation, the Hungarian balsam affords the Krum-
 hulz oil, Oleum Templinum.
   Pinus Palustris, see Pinus sylvestris.
   Pinus Pice'a.  /'.  Abies, A'bies, A.  pice'a seu
 pectin,Ita  seu  Gal'lica seu alba seu  caildicans
 H'U vulga'ris seu  taxifo'lia, European Silver Fir-
  Tree, Elate, (F.) Sapiu  commun.   By  piercing
 the tubercles of the bark of this fir, the Strasburg
  Turpentine  is  obtained: — the Resi'na Abie'tis
 (Ph. L. before 1809), Oleum Abietis, Terebinth'ina
 Argentoraten'sis.
   Pinus Pinaster, see P. sylvestris.
   Pinus Pi'nea,  Stone Pine,  Pinea,  Pinus, P.
 vher'rima  seu  sati'va.  The  nuts,  Zirbel  mils,
 Pine nuts, Nu'clei Pi'nea,  Pinei, Pine'oli, (F.)
 Pin  d pignous, are eaten  raw, or preserved like
 almonds.   Tbey are, also, used in emulsions.
   Pinus Pumilio, see Pinus Mughos —p. Sativa,
 P. pinea.
   Pin is Sylves'tris,  Pinas'ter; Pence, Scotch
 Fir.  This  pine, as well  as  P. marit'ima (P.
 Pinaster),  and other  species  of Pinus, affords
 common turpentine  and  its oil, resin,  tar, and
 pitch.  1.  Common Turpentine of Europe,  Tere-
 binth'ina, T. vulga'ris seu commu'nis, Resina pini,
 Bijou, Horse  Turpentine, Bordeaux  Turpentine,
 (F.)  Tiribinthine  de  Bordeaux, Tiribinthine com-
 mune, is obtained by wounding  the  tree in hot
 weather.  It is used, chiefly, as a  dressing for
 wounds, Ac, in horses, and for the distillation of
 the  oil, (see Oleum Terebinthina;.)   The  white
  Turpentine, or common Turpentine of America —
  Terebinth'ina, Ph.  U. S.—is  produced chiefly
 from  Pinus palustris, Yellow pine, and P. tada,
 Loblolly pine, and perhaps from other species in-
 habiting the Southern  States.  When the oil  is
 distilled with water, yellow resin, or Rosin, (Re-
 si'na, Ph. U. S.)—Resina fiava—is left,  which  is
 only  used  in the formation  of ointments  and
 plasters. If  without the  addition of  water, the
 residuum  is common  resin  or  Colophony.  2.
 When the  cold begins  to check the exudation of
 the common  turpentine, part of it  concretes in
 the wounds.  This is called, in France, Gallipot,
 Hurras; and  White Rosin, Resina alba, when
 hardened after long exposure to the air. 3. When
 the old  trees are subjected to distillation, in  a
 coarse manner, Tar is obtained — Hijgropissos,
 Pissa, Pix  ce'dria seu liq'uida, Resi'na pini etn-
 pyreumat'ica  liq'uida, Terebinlllina empyreu-
 niat'ica,  Al chit ram, Alchitu'ra, Cedria, (F.)  Gou-
 dron, G. vigitale, Poix liquide,  Brai  liquide.
 Tar water, Aqua Pice'a seu Picis, Infu'sum Picis
 liq'uida sen Picis empyreumatica liquida, Po'tio
 pice'a, (F.) Eau de Goudron, which  is made by
 mixing two pints of tar with  a gallon of water,
 stirring  with  a wooden rod for fifteen minutes,
 and,  when  the tar has subsided, straining and
 keeping  in well stopped bottles, was, at one time,
 a fashionable remedy  in numerous  complaints,
 nnd its  use  has been  revived, since its virtues
 have  been presumed to be  owing to creasote.  It
 is employed  chiefly in pulmonary affections, and
 the vapour  has been recommended  in phthisis
 and other diseases of the lungs.  It  is used  ex-
 ternally as a detergent.  A wine  or beer- of tor,
 Tarbeer,  Jeu-s'beer, has been employed in Phila-
 delphia in  similar cases.   It  may be made by-
 adding to fn?- enough beer to saturate it.  mixing, j
 and allowing  them to macerate for  three days,
 with occasional agitation.   The dose is a table-
 spoonful.  4.  Common Pitch, Fix nigra. Black i
 Pitch, Burnea, Burnia. Stone Pitch,  Pix sicca,
 P. atra,  P.  nava'lis. Zo/n'-isa, Palimpis'sa, P.
 tir'ida (Ph.  L. before 1N0U), (F.) Poix novate, P. \
noire, is obtained by  inspissating tar.   It is used
only as a resolvent in plasters.                  I
  Pinus  Tada, see P.  sylvestris — p. Taxifolia, \
 P. picea — p. Uberrima, Pinus pinea—p. Vulga-
 ris, P. p cea.
   PIONE,  Pseonia.
   PIONY, Peeonia.
   PIORTHOPNfFA, Pimelorthopnoea.
   P10ULQUES(F.).  A kind of sucking-pump,
 invented by Louis,  for extracting water that had
 entered internal  cavities, in cases of drowning.
 A useless instrument.
   PIP, Syphilis.
   PIPE-PLANT, Monotropa uniflora.
•   PIPER, -rmrepi, see Piper nigrum.
   Piper Album, Leucop'iper,  White Pepper,  is
 black pepper freed from its cuticle.
   Piper Angustifolium, Matico — p.  Aromati-
 cum, P. nigrum—p. Betel, Betel—p. Brazilianum,
 Capsicum annuum—p. Calecuticum, Capsicum
 annuum.
   Piper Capen'se, a South African species, has
 all the properties of the peppers, and, in appear-
 ance and taste, greatly resembles cubebs.  It pos-
 sesses, too, similar virtues.
   Piper Caryophyllatum, see Myrtus pimenta
 —p. Caudatum, P. cubeba—p. Chiapa;, see  Myr-
 tus pimenta.
   Piper Cubeb'a,  Perse'a  seu  Laurus cubeba,
 Litsaa cubeba seu  piperita.  Ord.  Piperacea;.
 A  native of Java  and Guinea.  The odour  of
 these berries—Cubeba (Ph. U.  S.),  Cam'peper,
 Compcba, Cabal  sini, Piper cauda'tum,  Dacca
 Piperis glabri, Citbcb or Tailed Pepper, Cuma'-
 mus, (F.)  Poivre-ii-qitene,  Quabe.be—is aromatic;
 taste at first cooling, afterwards  pungent.  The
 active principle is an  essential oil—Oleum Cube-
 ba, oil of cubebs—which is officinal in the Pharm.
 U. S.  The  properties ofthe cubeb are stimulant
 and  purgative.  It  is used only in gonorrhoea.
 Dose, from  9j to 3j, in  powder, three or'four
 times a day; of the volatile oil, 10 or 12 drops.
   ' Turkey yellow berries,'—the dried fruit of the
 Rhamnus Catharticus — are often substituted for
 cubebs.
   Piper  Elongatum, Matico.
   Piper  Guineense, Capsicum  annuum—p. His-
 panicum, Capsicum  — p. Indicum, Capsicum an-
 nuum— p. Jaraaicense, see Myrtus pimenta.
   Piper  Longum, Macrop'iper,  Acapalli, Catu-
trip'ali, Pim'pilim,  Chav'ica Roxburgltii, Long
Pejrper,  (F.)  Poicre  long.  As we  receive the
berries, they consist of tbe unripe fruit dried in
the  sun; and  are small, round grains,  disposed
spirally  on  a  cylindrical  receptacle.   They are
stimulant, carminative, and tonic, like the other
peppers.   Dose. gr.  v to Qj.
   Piper  Lusitanicum,  Capsicum annuum — p.
Murale, Sedum.
   Piper Metiiisticum, see Ava.
   Piper   Nigrum,  Melanop'ipcr,  Molagoeo'di,
Lada, Piper  aromat'icum, Black Pepper,  (F.)
Poivre noir.  Black pepper, Piper  (Ph. U. S.),
is the unripe  fruit  dried  in  the sun.  Virtues,
same as those of the other peppers.   When freed
from its husk by mechanical trituration it consti-
tutes Fulton's decorticated pepper.
  Piper  Odoratum  Jamaicense,  see Myrtus
pimenta—p.  Tabascum, see Myrtus pimenta—p.
Turcicum, Capsicum annuum.
  PIPERUNA, Piperi'num,  Pt'p'erine,  Piperin,
from piper, 'pepper.'  A resinoid substance, ob-
tained from  the piper nigrum by  M.  (Ersfadt, in
which a part ofthe virtues of the  pepper resides.
It_ has been  employed, lik« the quinia, in inter-
mittents. and successfully.
  PIP'EROID, Piperoi'dum, Zlngib'erin,  from
piper, 'pepper,' and  tioos, 'resemblance.'  A yel-
low syrupy mass obtained  by exhausting ginger
root by ether.  It is  soluble in ether, alcohol, and
oils, and may be given in tincture, sugar, lozenge,
or syrup, in cases where ginger is indicated. 
PIPEROPASTUS
  PIPEROPAS'TUS, from  ireirtpt, 'pepper,' nnd ||
rraoativ, 'to strew.'  Strewed with pepper,—socks.
for  example, where it is desirable to excite  the
surface of the feet.
  PIPETTE.  'A small pipe.'  In Pharmacy, a
small  tube  terminating in a  perforated point,
which  is passed into a liquid  to be removed —
from the  surface of a  precipitate, for  example.
The liquid is drawn into the  tube by  applying
the mouth to the free extremity.
  PIPIN'NA, Men'tula parva.   A small penis.
  PIPPERIDGE BUSH, see Oxycantha Galeni.'
  PIPSISSEWA, Pyrola umbellata—p. Spotted,
Pyrola maculata — p. White, Pyrola maculata.
  PIPTONYCHIA, Onychoptosis.
  PIPTOSTEGIA  OPERCULATA, see  Batata
de purga — p. Pisonis, Convolvulus mechoacan.
  PIQUETE, see Sabli.
  PIQURE, Puncture, Wound, punctured.
  PIRTLING, Slavering.
  PIRUS. see Pyrus malus.
  PISA, (CLIMATE OF.)  Pisa  has  long been
celebrated as one of the most favourable climates
in Italy for  the  consumptive.   It is genial, but
somewhat oppressive and damp. It is softer than
that of Nice, but not so warm; less soft, but less
oppressive than that of Rome.
  PISCIARELLI, MINERAL WATERS  OF.
A spring at Monte  Secco, in Italy, between Lake
Agnano and Solfatara.  It is thermal (100° Fahr.),
sulphureous, andjcarbonated ; and is chiefly used
in  old ulcers, leucorrhoea,  chronic diarrhoea,  and
in cutaneous affections.
   PISCID'IA  ERYTIIRI'NA,  Jamaica Dog-
wood.   Ord. Leguminosae.  A small  branching
tree, common in most of the West India Islands;
Diadelphia Decandria of Linnaeus.  It is  used in
the West Indies to poison fish.  It appears to be
an ncro-narcotic, and has  been used in the form
of a tincture of the bark of  the root in toothache.
   PISCINA, Baiefnoire.
   PISCIVOROUS, Pisciv'orus, Ichthyoph'agous,
Ichthyopllagus, from piscis, 'a fish,' and voro, 'I
eat.'   Feeding or subsisting on fish.
   PIS'IFORM, Pisiform'is, from pisum, 'a pea/
and forma, 'shape.'  Pealike,  pea-shaped.
   PisiFORM'E, Os,  Os lenticu/a're  seu orbicnla're
seu extra or'dineni carpi,  (F.) Os hors du rang,
is the fourth bone of the first  row of the carpus.
It is round, and  gives attachment to the tendon
 of the cubitalis anterior, and to the anterior trans-
 verse  ligament of  the carpus.   It is articulated,
 behind, with the os cuneiforme.
   PISO,  Mortar.
   PISSA, see Pinus sylvestris.
   PISSASPHAL'TUS, Pissasphal'tnm, Mineral.
 Pitch, from irtaaa, 'pitch,' and aofpaXros, 'bitu-
 men.'  (F.) Poix  minirale.  A thicker kind of
 Petroleum or Rock oil; formerly  employed as  a
 vulnerary.   It is  synonymous  with  Glu'tinous
 bitu'men, Malta bitu'men, and Mineral tar.
   PISSEL^E'UM. Oleum Pic"inum, frora irioaa,
 'pitch,' and eXatov,  'oil.'  An oily matter  ob-
 tained from boiling pitch,  and used for the same
 purposes as tar.
   Pissel.eum Indicum, Petroleum.
   PISSEMENT DE PUS, Pyuria—p. de Sang,
 Haematuria.
    PISSENLTT, Leontodon taraxacum.
    PISSE-SANG, Fumaric.
    PISSE'ROS,  from  itioaa,  'pitch.'   Ancient
 name of a  cerate, prepared  of olive oil, oil of
 roses, and dried pitch.  It was, also, called Cera'-
 tum pica'lum, and C. tetraphar'macum. — Hippo-
 crates.
    PISSI'TES, Vinum pica'tum.  Same  etymon.
o                  titcii
A  wine prepared from tar and the must of the
grape.   It was regarded to be stomachic.
  PISSOS1S, Malacia.
  PISSWEKI), Anthemis cotula.
  PISTACHIO  NUTS,  see Arachis  hypogea,
Pistacia vera.
  PISTACIA  CIIIA, P.  lentiscus.
  PlSTA'ciA LentisVus,  P. Chia, Tercbin'thits
lentiscus, Lentiscus vulga'ris; the  Mastich Tree.
Ord.  Terebinthaceae.  The wood of  this tree
abounds with the resinous principles of mastich ;
and a tincture made from it has been used in tbe
cure of dyspeptic affections, gout,  and  dysentery.
It yields, by incision, the resin Mastich, Resi'na
Lentis'cina,  Men'frige, Mas'tiche,  Mastix, Pista-
cia Lentis'ci Resi'na.  This resin has  nn agreea-
ble smell  when   heated:  is almost  insipid;  in
globular, irregular, yellowish,  semi-transparent
masses; soluble in ether; partially so  in alcohol.
It is stimulant, and has been used in old coughs,
and gleet, and is  chewed  to sweeten  the  breath.
It is sometimes, also,  employed to stop  holes  in
carious teeth.
   Oil of Mastich, Mastichela/on, Oleum Mastich'-
inum, is mentioned by Dioscorides.
  Pistacia  Narbonensis, P. lentiscus — p. Reti-
culata, P. lentiscus.
  Pistacia  Terebin'thus,  P.  Narbonen'sis seu
reticula'ta seu vera, Turpentine  Tree, Hab-el-Ka-
limbat,  Terebinthns vulga'ris,  Terminlhos.  The
tree which  affords the Cyprus Turpentine, Resi'-
na  Terebin'thi, Terebinth'ina vera seu Chia seu
Cyp'ria,  (F.)  Tiribinthine de Chio.  This  sub-
stance is classed amongst the resins.  It is pro-
cured by wounding the bark of the trunk.  The
best Chio turpentine is of  about the consistence
of honey;  very tenacious, clear, and  almost
transparent; of a white  colour inclining to yel-
low, and of a fragrant smell; moderately warm
to the  taste, but free  from acrimony and bitter-
ness.   It resembles in virtues the other turpen-
tines.
  Pistacia  Vera, moronta.  Name of  the tree
which  affords the Nux Pistacia.  Pista'chin mils
have a sweetish, unctuous  taste, resembling that
of sweet almonds.  Like  these, they afford an oil,
and may be formed into an emulsion.     »
  PISTILLUM,  Pilum.
  PISTOLOCHIA, Aristolochia pistolochia.
  PISTORIENSIS  GLADIUS, Bistouri.
   PISUM,  trttrov, P. sati'vum,  Pea, Garden pea,
(F.) Pois, P. cultivi.   The seeds ofthe pea. Out.
Leguminosae,  Sex.  Syst.  Diadelphia  Decandria,
are much employed as an aliment, both in the
fresh and dried state.  They are farinaceous, and,
when dried, not easy of digestion.
   PIT, Pock mark — p.  of the  Stomach, Fossette
du coeur.
   PITAY'A BARK. This bark of  Cincho'na
pitay'a, Ord. Cinchonaceae, is preferred in Co-
lombia to any other. It  contains a new vege-
table  alkali, to  which  the name Pitnyine has
been given.
   PITAYINE, see Pitaya bark.
   PITCAITHLEY, MINERAL  WATERS  OF.
These saline springs, at Pitcaithley, about four
miles from  Perth, Scotland, contain chlorides of
sodium and calcium.
   PITCH,  Colophonia —p. Black, see Pinus syl-
vestris— p. Burgundy, see Pinus abies—p. Ca-
nada,  see Pinus Canadensis.
   Pitch Cap, see Depilatory.
   Pitch, Common, Pinus sylvestris—p. Hemlock,
see Pinus Canadensis—p.  Jew's,  Asphaltum—p.
 Mineral, Pissasphaltum.
   Pitch Plaster,  see  Depilatory,  Emplastrum
picis.
   Pitch, Stone, see Pinus sylvestris —p. White,
 see Pinus abies. 
PITHYRIASIS
721
PLACENTULA
  PITHYRIASIS, Pityriasis.
  PITIIYRIN US, Acerosus, Furfuraceous.
  PITTA'CIUM.   A pitch plaster, from mrra,
'pitch.'
  PITTING, Pock mark.
  PITTOSIS, Malacia.
  PITTO'TA.  Medicines in which pitch is the
chief ingredient.
  PITTSBURG,  MINERAL WATERS OF.   A
chalybeate mineral spring,  situate  about four
miles south-west  of Pittsburg, in Pennsylvania.
It contains chloride  of sodium, chloride of  mag-
nesium, oxide of iron, sulphate of lime, and car-
bonic acid.
  PITUITA, Mucus, Phlegm—p. Narium, Nasal
mucus.
  PITUTTARY,  Pituita'rius,  fF.)  Pituitaire,
from pituita, ' phlegm.'  Concerned in the secre-
tion of mucus or phlegm.  A name given to seve-
ral parts.
  Pituitary Body, P. Gland — p.  Fossa,  Sella
turcica.
  Pitu'itary Gland, Glan'dula Pituito'sa seu
pituita'ria seu basila'ris, Lacu'na seu Appendic'-
ula  cer'ebri, Sentlna, Hypoph'ysis seu Appendix
cer'ebri,  Corpus  pituita're,  Pituitary  body; —
Appendice sus-sphenoidale du cerveau, (Ch.)   A
small, round  body ; the anterior portion  of which
is of a cineritious yellow hue, and  the  posterior,
which is smaller, is whitish and pulpy.  Its  func-
tions are unknown.
   Pituitary Membrane,  Schneide'rian  Mem-
brane,  Membra'na  pituita'ria  seu  olfiacto'ria.
The  mucous membrane  which  lines the  nasal
fossae, and extends to the different  cavities  com-
municating with the nose.   In  the  nasal fossae,
the membrane appears formed of two  layers, in-
timately united; — the  one in contact with the
bone is fibrous;—the other is free at one surface.
The latter is a mucous membrane, on which pa-
pillae  are  not easily distinguishable, but which
contains them, as well as a number of very  small
mucous follicles, that open into the cavity of the
nares.  On  penetrating  the  maxillary,  frontal,
sphenoidal, and ethmoidal sinuses, the membrane
becomes very thin,  transparent, less  vascular,
and seems reduced to its  mucous layer.  Tho
pituitary membrane receives  the impression  of
odours, by means  of the expansion of the olfac-
tory nerves upon it.   It is the seat of smell.
   PITUITE, Mucus.
   PITU'ITOUS,  Pituito'sus; from pituita,  'mu-
cus or phlegm.'  Consisting of, or resembling, or
full of mucus or phlegm.
  PITYRI'ASIS,  from mrvpov, 'bran;' Lepido'-
sis  Pityriasis, Pityris'ma,  Pithyrlasis,  Herpes
furfura'ceus  seu farino'sits,  Porri'go (of some),
Tin'eafiurfura'cea seu porrigino'sa, Fnrfura'tio,
Furfuris'ca, Dandriff,  Dandruff,  (Sc.)  Luss,
(Prov.) Room, Rummet, (F.)  Teigne,  Dartre, D.
furfuracie volante ;—a very superficial affection;
characterized by irregular patches of thin scales,
which repeatedly exfoliate and recur;  but which
never form crusts, or are accompanied with exco-
riations.   It is not contagious.  It occurs under
three or four  varieties of form.
  Pityriasis, Porrigo — p. Nigra, Melasma—p.
Versicolor, Chloasma.
  PITYRISMA,  Pityriasis.
  PITYROIDES, Furfuraceus.
  PITYRON, Furfur.
  PIVOINE, Paonia.
  PIVOTING.  In  dentistry, an  operation,
which  consists in fastening in a new crown  upon
the root of a  tooth by means of  a piece of gold
wire, called ' a pivot.'
  PIX, Sperm — p. Abietina, see Pinus abies —
p. Abietis, see Pinus  abies —p. Alba, see Pinus
abies — p. Arida, sec Pinus abies, and Pinus syl-
       46
vestris—p. Atra, see Pinus sylvestris—p. Brutia,
Brutia—p. Burgundica, see Pinus abies—p.  Ca-
nadensis, see Pinus Canadensis — p. Cedria,  see
Pinus sylvestris — p. Graeca, Colophonia — p. Li-
quida, see Pinus sylvestris—p. Navalis, see Pinus
sylvestris — p.  Nigra, see Pinus  sylvestris—p.
Sicca, see Pinus sylvestris.
   PLACE'BO, 'I will please,' from placeo.  A
medicine, prescribed rather to satisfy the patient
than with any expectation of its effecting  a cure.
   PLACEN'TA,  irXanovs, irXaxovvros.   A  Latin
word,  signifying  a  Cake.  P. uteri seu uteri'nn
seu uteri car'nea, Hepar sen Jecur uteri num, Caro
seu Affu'sio orbicularis, Maza.  A  soft, spongy,
vascular body,  adherent to the uterus, and  con-
nected with the fcetus by the  umbilical ord.   It
is not in existence during the first  period  of the
embryo state, but its formation commences  per-
haps with the arrival of the embryo in the  uteru*.
It is generally considered to  have  two  portions,
one foetal, and  the other maternal.  The foetal
consists of highly vascular villi and tufts, which
contain the inosculating loops of  the  umbilical
arteries and umbilical  vein  of the foetus.  The
maternal portion is considered by Dr. Reid  to con-
sist, essentially, of a large  sac formed  by  the
inner coat  of the vascular system of the mother,
into which the  maternal  blood is  poured  by tbo
curling arteries  of the uterus, and  from which it,
is returned by  the utero-placental veins.  Th>;
tufts and villi of the foetal placenta are ensheathel
by this inner coat of tho maternal  vascular  sys-
tem ;  and,  according to Prof. Goodsir,  two dis-
tinct sets of nucleated cells — one  maternal and
the other foetal—separate the  maternal and foetal
portions where they come in  contact, one  set of
which are probably, he thinks, concerned  in  the
separation  of nutritive  matter from the maternal
blood,  and the other destined to convey  it  into
the vessels  of the foetus.   The placenta is formed
of several lobes or cotyledons,  which can be read-
ily distinguished from each other on  the uterine
surface; but towards the foetal surface  are con-
founded into one  mass.   It is composed  of  the
umbilical vessels,  areolar tissue, and whitish, re-
sisting filaments, which are vascular ramifications
obliterated.  Lymphatic vessels have also been
presumed to exist in it; and nerves have been
traced, proceeding from the great sympathetic of
the fcetus.
  The main function of the placenta appears to
be like that of the lungs in the adult.  It admits
of the blood of the foetus being shown to that of
the mother,  and  undergoing  requisite  changes.
It may, also, be an  organ for nutritive absorp-
tion, as observed above.
  Animals, which  have no placenta—as the Mar-
supialia—are called implacental and nonplacental.
  Placen'ta Cruoris,  see Blood — p.  Febrilis,
Ague cake — p. Oblata, P. praevia—p. Obvia, P.
praevia.
  Placenta Pr^'via,  (from  pra,  'before,' and
via, ' way,') P. ob'via seu obla'ta.   Presentation
of the placenta; a condition which  gives rise to
unavoidable hemorrhage from the  uterus.  The
safety of the female depends upon  speedy de-
livery.
  Placenta Sanguinis, see  Blood — p.  Uteri
Succenturiata, Decidua.
  PLACEN'TAL, Placenta'lis. (F.)  Placentaire.
Relating, or appertaining to, the placenta.   Pos-
sessed of a placenta,—as ' a placental mammal.'
  PLACENTITIS, Placounti'tis, Placoi'tis, In-
fiamma'tio  placen'ta.   A hybrid  word — from
placenta, and itis, a suffix denoting inflamma-
tion.  Inflammation of the placenta.
  PLACEN'TULA, 'a little cake,' diminutive of
placenta,' acake.' A rudimental placenta. The
placenta of an abortion. 
PLACOITIS
7 22     PLANTAIN DES ALPES
  PLACOITIS, Placentitis.
  PLACOUNTITIS, Placentitis.
  PLADAROMA, Pladarosis.
  PLADARO'SIS,  Pladaro'ma, Pladar'otes,  \
from rrXaSapos, 'soft.'  A  soft tumour on the eye- j
lid. unaccompanied with  redness  or pain.   Tra- i
choma.                                        |
  PLADAROTES, Pladarosis.
  PLAFOND  DES  VENTRICULES  DU
CERVEAU, Corpus callosum.                  j
  PLAGA, Ictus, Wound.
  PLAGIOBOL'IA, Planobol'ia,  from  irXayws, '
' to one side,' and fiaXXeiv, 'to throw.'   Imperfect
emission of sperm into the vagina. Emission to
one side ;  sometimes practised to  render  impreg-
nation less probable.
   PLAGUE, from nXnyv, plaga, 'a stroke.'   Pes-
tis, P.  orienta'lis seu bubona'ria orientalis seu
iuguina'ria seu contagio'sa seu acutiss'ima  seu
sep'tica seu  glandulo'sa seu ade'no-septica  seu
inguinaria, Pestilitas, Ephenlera pestilentia'lis, j
E.  mortif era,  Lues inguina'ria,  Chides glandu-
la'ria, Phthora, Pestilen'tia, Lues, Loimos, Febris
ade'no-nervo'sa, Losmos, Lceme, Loe'mia, Lcemop'-
yra, Chaosda, Anthra'cia Pestis, Anthracotyphus,
Febris pes'tilens, Syn'ochus pestilentia'lis, Typhus
pestis seu pestilentia'lis seu gravis'simus sen an-
thra'cicus seu bubon'icus, Exanthe'ina  pestis, the
Pest, Levant plague, Septic or glan'dular pes'ti-
lence, The sickness, (F.)  Peste, Typhus d'Orient,
Fieivre  du Livant, F.  adino-nerveuse.   An emi-
nently  malignant disease;  endemic in  the  Le-
vant;   frequently epidemic, and destroying at
least two-thirds of those  it attacks. It is a fever
of the  most  aggravated  kind,  with affection  of
the lymphatic glands of the groins or axillae, and
carbuncles.  Its miasmata—it has been conceived
—adhere to different organic textures,  to woollen
goods, clothing and furniture; and may thus be
transported to a  considerable distance;  but this
is not certain.  The mean duration of the disease
is six or. seven days; some die in twenty-four
hours, others not till ten  or twelve days.  Patho-
logical anatomy has afforded little  light with re-
spect to it.  Various means have been  used for
arresting it, but none have seemed to be  pre-emi-
nently  distinguished.    The great point  is, to
watch the indications as they develop themselves;
and to treat the case, in  general, like one of
typhus gravior.  It is  universally agreed that the
suppuration of the buboes should be aided as far
as  practicable.  For preventing  the importation
and spread of the plague, the Quar'antine Laws
have been instituted;  and when  the disease has
actually appeared, a cordon sanitaire has been
drawn round the  infected district, so  as to pre-
vent all communication.
   Plague of Antoni'nus, Pestis Antoninia'na,
 (F.) Peste Antonine.  A severe  febrile  disease,
 which prevailed in the Roman empire,  during the
 reign of Antoninus.  It began in Asia, and passed
 westward.  It resembled the Plague of Athens.
   Plague of Athens, (F.) Peste d'Athlnes.   A
 febrile  disease, which raged at Athens  during the
 Peloponnesian war, in the 5th century  before the
 Christian era; and a description of which is given
 in Thucydides.  It was  characterized  by a cuta-
 neous eruption, accompanied by small ulcerations,
 vomiting, affection of  the respiratory organs, and
 diarrhoea.  It began in  the far East, and, before
 reaching Athens, ravaged Egypt, and  the greater
 part of the Persian Empire.
   Plague, Black, Death, black.
   Plague, Cold.  A severe form of  congestive
 fever, seen in the Southern States.  Bilious pneu-
 monia, in which there is no  reaction, has  been,
 also, so called.
   Plague Mark, Plague token.
   Plague,  Pali.   A malignant fever, greatly
resembling Plague, which  prevailed in Rajpoo-
tana after July, 1836.
  Plague Spot, Plague token.
  Plague  Token,  Plague  mark. Plague  spot.
A mark by which one struck with the piague was
known.  Perhaps the early stage of carbuncle in
unfavourable cases.  It is  described as a small
tubercle — Bossa — somewhat resembling a wart,
callous and more  or less deficient in sensibility,
varying in size from that, of a millet-seed to that
of a bean.
  PLAGULA, Compress, Pledget, Splint.
  PL AIE, Wound—p.  d'Anne  d feu, Wound,
gunshot — p. d'Arquebusade, Wound, gunshot —
p.  Contuse,  Wound, contused—p.  Envenimie,
Wound, poisoned —p. par Arrachement, Wound,
lacerated — p. d Lambeaux, see Flap.
  PLAINTIVE, Luctuenx.
  PLANANTHUS FASTIGATUS, Lycopodium
selago — p. Selago, Lycopodium selago.
  PLANARIA LATIUSCULA,  Distoma  hepa-
ticum.
  PLANCHER (F.), 'floor.'  In anatomy, the
inferior wall or boundary of a cavity.
  PLANCHER DU CERVEAU, Tentorium.
  PLANCUS, Leiopus.
  PLANE, Plexus.
  Plane, Mesial,  see Mesial.
  PLANET-STRUCK,  see Sideratio.
  PLANE'TES,  Plane'ticus,  Plan'icus,  Erra-
bun'dus,  Errat'ic,  from  irXavn,  'a  wandering
about.'  An epithet given to diseases,  whose re-
turns  are irregular — especially  to intermittent
fever; Planetes Febris, F. Errat'ica, F. Erro'nea,
F.  Vaga.
  PLANETICA  ARTHRITIS,  Gout, wander-
ing.
  PLANICUS, Planetes.
  PLANIPEDES,  Steganopodes.
  PLANITIES  PEDIS, Sole.
  PLANOBOLIA,  Plagiobolia.
  PLANTA  NOCTIS,  Hydroa,  Sudamina — p.
Pedis,  Sole — p. Prima pedis, Tarsus.
  PLANTA'GO,  P. Major, Centiner'via,  Arno-
glos'sum,  Septiner'via, Polyneu'ron, Heptapleu'-
ron, Planta'go latifo'lia seu  major seu vulga'ris,
Great plantain, Waybread, (Sc.)  Wabran leaves,
(F.) Plantain commun.   Ord.  Plantaginacese.
Sex. Syst. Tetrandria Monogynia. The leaves
have been said to be refrigerant, attenuant, sub-
styptic, and diuretic.
  Plantago Aquatica, Alisma plantago.
  Plantago Corda 'ta, Heart leaved plantain, P.
Lanceola'ta, Ribgrass, and P. Virgin'ica, White
plantain, or  Ribwort, indigenous; have proper-
ties like Plantago major.
  Plantago Coron'opus, Coronopo'dium,  Cornu
cervi'num, Stella  terra, Plantago,  Buckshorn
Plantain.  Properties like the last.
  Plantago Nitida, P. psyllium.
  Plantago Psyl'lium, P. nilida, Psyllium, P.
erec'tum,  Pulica'ris  herba,  Crystal lion,  Cyno-
moi'a, Branching Plantain, Fleawort,  (F.) Herbe
aux puces commune.  The seeds have a nauseous,
mucilaginous taste, and no remarkable  smell.
The decoction of the seeds  is recommended in
hoarseness and roughness of the fauces.
   Plantago Vulgaris, Plantago.
   PLANTAIN DES ALPES, Arnica montana-
p. Branching, Plantago psyllium—p. Buckshorn,
Plantago coronopus—p. Commun, Plantago—p.
d'Eau, Alisma   plantago — p.  Great, Plantago
major—p. Heart leaved, Plantago cordata.
   Plantain Meal, see Musa paradisiaca.
   Plantain, Rattlesnake, Goodyera pubescens
—p. Robin's, Erigeron bellidifolium.
   Plantain Tree, Musa paradisiaca.
   Plantain, Water, Alisma plantago, Unisema
 ieltifolia — p. White, Plantago Virginica. 
PLANTAIRE
723
PLASTER
  PLAN TA IR E, Plantar muscle — p. Grtle,
Plantar muscle.
  PLANTAR, Planta'ris,  (F.)  Plantaire, from
planta, 'the  sole of the foot.'   That which  re-
lates or belongs to the sole  of the foot.  This
name has been given to several parts.
  Plantar Aponeuro'sis, P. fas'cia.  A thick,
dense, resisting aponeurosis;  of  a  triangular
shape, and superficially situate,  which occupies
the middle and sides of the sole of the foot, and
furnishes insertions to several of the muscles of
the region, either directly or through the medium
of septa,  which it sends between them.
   Plantar Arch, see  Plantar arteries.
   Plantar Arteries.  These  are  two in  num-
ber, and arise from the extremity of the posterior
tibial artery.   They are distinguished into :—The
internal plantar artery, situate above the abduc-
tor pollicis pedis.  It extends from  the termina-
tion of the posterior tibial to the trunk  of one of
the collaterals of that toe.—The external plantar
artery is larger than the preceding, and ought to
be considered as the termination of the posterior
tibial.  Situate  above the  flexor communis  di-
gitorum pedis, it extends from beneath the calca-
neum to  the posterior extremity of the last meta-
tarsal space.   When it has reached this part, it
turns from without inwards ; advances towards
the  posterior extremity of the  first metatarsal
bone,  and  anastomoses  with  the  perforating
branch of the dorsalis  tarsi.  In the first part of
its course, it  furnishes calcaneal, articular, mus-
 cular, and adipous branches.  The second por-
tion of the artery is called the Plantar Arch or
 Cross.  It  gives branches in all directions.   The
inferior and  posterior have received  no  name.
 The superior — three in number — are the' poste-
 rior perforating arteries.   The anterior branches
 are  larger, and there are commonly four.  They
 furnish the anterior perforating, and the collate-
 rals of the last four toes.
   Plantar Cross, see Plantar arteries—p. Fas-
 cia, P. aponeurosis.
   Plantar  Ligaments.  A name given to the
inferior ligaments, which unite the bones of the
 tarsus and metatarsus, to distinguish them from
 the superior, called dorsal.
   Plantar  Muscle,  Planta'ris,  P.  grac"ilis,
 Tibia'lis  grac"ilis,  Exten'sor  tarsi minor,  (F.)
 Plantaire, P. Grele, Jambier grele,  Petit firnoro-
 cnlcanien, (Ch.)  A muscle, situate at the  poste-
 rior part of the leg.  It is long, thin, and narrow.
 Above, it is attached to the posterior part ofthe
 external condyle of the os femoris : below, it ter-
 minates  by a long tendon, which is attached to
 the  posterior  and inner part of the calcaneum.
 This muscle  extends  the  leg  on the  foot,  and
conversely.   It  can, also, assist in  the flexion of
the leg on the thigh.
   Plantar Nerves.  These are two in number,
nnd are furnished by the termination of the pos-
terior tibial nerve.  They are distinguished  into
— 1. The internal plantar nerve, which extends
from the inferior part of the tibial  nerve to both
sides of the first three toes, and the inner side of
the  fourth.   It  furnishes,  also, branches to the
abductor of the  great toe ; to the short flexor of
the toes; to the accessory ; to the short flexor of
the great toe, the lumbricales, &c.  2. The exter-
nal plantar nerve proceeds  from the termination
of the posterior tibial  to the posterior extremity
ofthe 5th metatarsal bone, and gives branches to
the flexor brevis digitorum pedis,  the  accessory
nnd  the abductor of the little  toe.  This  trunk
subsequently  divides into  two branches: — the
nne—profunda—is distributed to the short flexor
of the great toe: the interosseus  and abductor
pollicis pedis: the other—superficialis — sends
filaments to the short flexor ofthe little toe, the
two sides  of that toe, the outer side  of the 4th,
and the last lumbricalis.
  Plantar  Regions or  Surfaces are different
regions or surfaces of the sole of the foot.   Three
are generally  reckoned, — the internal, middle,
and external.
  Plantar Veins follow an arrangement similar
to that of the  arteries.
  PLANTARIA, Dengue.
  PLANTARIS, Plantar, P. muscle—p. Superfi-
cies pedis, Sole — p. Verus, see Flexor longus  di-
gitorum pedis  profundus  perforans (accessorius.)
  PLANTARIUM,  Pubes.
  PL ANTE DU PIED, Sole.
  PLANTI- SOUS-PHALANGIENS, Lumbri-
cales pedis—p. Tendino-phalangiens, Lumbricales
pedis.
  PLANUM APONEUROTICUM  DIA-
PHRAGMATIS.  The  tendinous  expansion  of
the diaphragm.
   Planum Orbitale, see Maxillary  bone (su-
perior.)
   Planum Os, from planus,  'soft, smooth.' The
papyraceous or orbitar plate  of the ethmoid bone
— Lam'ina  papyra'cea, Lamella plana — was
formerly so called.
   Planum Pedis, Sole.
   Planum Supe'rius Linguae.   The upper sur-
face of the tongue.
   PLANU'RIA, from irXavos, 'wandering, false,'
and ovpov, ' urine.'  Discharge of urine through
unwonted ways.
   PLAQUEMINIER  D'EUROPE, Diospyros
lotus.
   PLAQUES GAUFR£ES, Peyeri  glandulae—
p. Laite.uses,  see Taches laiteuses—p. de Peyer,
Peyeri glandulae.
   PLASMA,  Liquor sanguinis.
   PLASMEXHIDRO'SIS, from plasma, the  li-
quor sanguinis; ti\, 'out  of,' and 'iSptocts, 'perspi-
ration.'   Exudation of the  plasma of the blood
from the vessels.
   PLASTER, Emplastrum—p. Adhesive, Em-
plastrum  resinae,  Sparadrapum  adhesivum — p.
Adhesive, Baynton's, see Emplastrum resinae—p.
Adhesive, of  pitch  and resins,  Emplastrum  de
pice et resinis glutinans  —p. Ammoniacum, Em-
plastrum  ammoniaci—p. Ammoniacum with mer-
cury, Emplastrum ammoniaci cura hydrargyro—
p. Aromatic,  Emplastrum aromaticum—p. Asa-
foetida, Emplastrum asafcetidae — p. of Belladon-
na, Emplastrum belladonna; — p. Blister, Blister
—p. Blistering, Emplastrum  lyttae—p. of Blister-
ing fly, Emplastrum lytta; — p. Calefacient, Em-
plastrum  calefaciens — p.  of Cantharides, com-
pound, Emplastrum lyttae compositum—p. Ce-
phalic, Emplastrum picis comp.—p. Corn, Spa-
radrapum viride — p. Corn,  Kennedy's, Spara-
drapum viride — p. Court, English, see Ichthyo-
colla,   Sparadrapum adhesivum — p.  Cummin,
Emplastrum cumini—p.  Defensive, Sparadrapum
Gfnlteri— p. Diachylon,  Emplastrum plumbi — p.
Fly, Emplastrum  lytta? — p. Frankincense, Em-
plastrum  thuris—p. Galbanum, Emplastrum gal-
bani— p.  Galbanum,  compound, Emplastrum
galbani compositum—p.  Gum, Emplastrum gum-
mosum— p.  of  Gum-resins,  Emplastrum cum
gummi-resinis—p. Hemlock. Emplastrum cicutae
— p. Iron, Emplastrum  ferri—p. Isinglass,  see
Sparadrapum  adhiesivum— p. Issue, Sparadra-
puin pro fonticulis—p. Lead. Emplastrum plumbi
—p. Machine, Sparadrapier—p. Mercurial, Em-
plastrum  hydrargyri—p. of Mercury, compound,
Emplastrum hydrargyri compositum — p.  Mus-
tard,  Cataplasma  sinapis—p. Nuremberg, Em-
plastrum  Norimbergense—p. Opium. Emplastrum
opii — p.  Pitch, see  Depilatory — p. Pitch, comp.
Emplastrum picis compositum — p. Resin, Em-
plastrum  resinae—p. of Red oxide of iron, Em- 
PLASTIC
724
PLETHORA
plastrum oxidi ferri rubri—p. Soap, Emplastrum
saponis — p. of Spanish flies, compound, Emplas-
trum  lyttae  compositum — p. Sticking,  Emplas-
trum   resinae—p.  Strengthening,  Emplastrum
ferri,  Emplastrum oxidi  ferri rubri — p. Warm,
Emplastrum calefaciens—p. Wax, Emplastrum
cerae.
  PLASTIC, Plas'ticus, Formati'vus, Form'ative,
(F.)  Plastique,  from -rrXaorru),  ' I form.'   That
which forms, or serves to form.
  Plastic Element.  One which bears within it
the germs  of a  higher form. — Gerber.  Plastic
or histogenet'ic or organoleptic elements ofi nutri-
tion are those elements  of food which  go to the
formation of organized tissue. — See Aliment.
  Plastic  Force.  The  generative or formative
power in organized bodies.  It is also called Ni-
sus formati'vus,  Vis seu Virtus plas'tica seu for-
mat!'va seu essentia'lis seu reproductlva,Fac''nltas
forma'trix seu nutrix seu auctrix seu vegetati'va ;
Bias  alterati'vum, Motus assimilationis, An'ima
vegetati'va,  Plasticism'ns, Virtus fiormatrix, Plas-
tic"itas, Plastic"ity, Force of Nutrition, F. of
assimilation, F.  of  Form'ation, F. of vegeta'tion,
Puissance du mottle intirieur (Buffon), Bildung-
strieb, Germ-force of the Germans.
   Plastic Lymph, Liquor Sanguinis—p. Surgery,
Morioplastice.
   PLASTICISMUS, Plastic Force.
   PLASTICITAS, Plastic Force.
   PLASTICITY, Plastic Force.
   PLASTILYTIC, Antiplastic.
   PLASTILYTICUM  (HiEMATOLYTICUM),
Spanaemic.
   PLATA,  Scapula.
   PLATANO, Musa Sapientum.
   PLATANTHE'RA ORBICULA'TA,  Large
round-leaved Orchis ; indigenous.  Order, Orchid-
 aceae ; flowering in July.  Frora rrXarovs, ' wide,'
 and avmi, for 'anther.'  The leaves are large, soft
 and  fleshy, and  are  used, in certain places, for
 dressing blisters.
   PLATANUS, Musa paradisiaca.
   PLATEA, Bothriocephalus latus.
   PLATE-BONE, Scapula.
   PLATEIASMA, Platiasmus.
   PLATES, MANSFORD'S, see Galvanism.
   PLATIAS'MUS,  Plateias'ma,  from  itXarvs,
 'broad.'   Excessive development of  the lips,
 causing the articulation  to be imperfect.
   PLATINA, Platinum.
   PLATTNUM, Plat'ina, from (S.) plata, 'sil-
 ver.'   (F.) Platine, Or blanc, Petit argent.   The
 preparations of platinum resemble in their thera-
 peutical properties those of gold.  The Bichlo'-
 ride, Plalini Bichlo'ridum, made by dissolving
 platinum in 0911a  regia, and the Double Chlo-
 ride of Platinum and Sodium, So'dii chloroplal-
 inas, Cliloroplat'inate of So'dium,  prepared by
 dissolving bichloride of platinum and pure chlo-
 ride of sodium, in proper proportions, in water,
 evaporating and crystallizing, — are the prepara-
 tions used.  They are not much prescribed.
    PLATULA, see Pediculus.
    PLATYBREGMATE, see Cranium.
    PLATYCORIA, Mydriasis.
    PLATYCORIASIS, Mydriasis.
    PL ATYNO'SIS, from irXarvs, ' broad.'  Ampli-
 fica'tio.  Morbid extension of parts.
    PLATYOPHTHALMON, Antimonium.
    PLATYPOLIA, see Kyllosis.
    PLATYPUS, see Kyllosis.
    PLATYS'MA, from irXarvs, 'broad.'  Anything
 broadly extended.  A spread plaster.
    PLATYS'MA Myoi'deS, P.  Myo'des,  Mus'culns
 r.uta'neus seu subcuta'neus (Winslow), Quadra'tus
 gena seu latis'simus colli, Expan'sio musculo'sa,
 Tetrago'nus, Stomoman'icon, (F.) Thoraco-maxillo
 facial, Thoraco-facial (Ch.),  Peaucier.   A mus-
cle  situate superficially on the lateral pnrts of
the  neck.  It is flat, broad, and quadrilateral.  Itj
fibres, which  are  all parallel to each other, pass
obliquely downwards, and from  without inwards.
They arise from the areolar tissue, which covers
the  anterior and superior part of the chest; pasa
before the clavicle, and proceed to attach them-
selves at the interior part of the symphysis menti,
at the external oblique line of the jaw, nnd at the
commissure of the lips.  The fibres of this last
insertion form a distinct fasciculus, called by some
anatomists Mus'culus  Riso'rius  Santorini.  The
platysma myoides depresses the commissure of
the  lips, and carries it outwards.  It contributes,
also, to the depression of the lower jaw.  When
it contracts, it wrinkles  the skin of the neck
transversely.
  PLATYSTER'NOS, frora  irXarvs, 'broad,' and
o-rtpvov, 'the  sternum.'   One who  has a broad,
well developed chest. — D. Pechlin.
  PLATYS'TOMUS; from  nXarvs, ' broad,' and
aropa, ' mouth.'   One who has a broad mouth.
  PLAUTUS, Leiopus.
  PLECHAS, Perinaeum.
  PLECTAN^, Cornua uteri.
  PLEC'TANE,  Plica, Plcgma, Plexus.  From
irXtKoi,  'I twine.'   A fold; a plexus.   Also,  a
cornu of the uterus.
  PLECTRUM.    The  styloid process of  tbe
temporal bone.  Also, the uvula, and the tongue.
— Castelli.
  PLEDGET,  (D.)  Plagghe,   Phtmace'nhis,
Lintea'men, Plag'ula, (F.) Plumacean,  Phtma»-
seau.  A small compress or gdteau of lint— (the
filaments  arranged parallel to each other)—flat-
tened between the  hands  after the extremities
have been  cut off or folded down.  It is  applied
over wounds, ulcers, &c, to  preserve them from
the contact of the air, to retain dressings in situ,
and to absorb the discharges.
  PLEGE, Blow, Ictus.
  PLEGMA, Plectane, Plexus.
  PLEGOMETER, Pleximeter.
  PLEIN,CF.) 'Full.' Themiddlepartofaroller.
  PLEIOMASTHUS, Polymastbus.
  PLEIOMAZIA, see■ Polymastbus.
  PLENA MULIER, Pregnant.
  PLENITUDE, Fulness.
  PLENITUDO, Plethora.
  PLENCK'S DEPILATORY, see Depilatory,
Colley's.
  PLEOMAZIA, see Polymasthus.
  PLEONEC'TICUS, from  irXtov, 'more,'  and
t^tiv, ' to have.'  Covetous.  Desirous to acquire :
hence mania pleonectica.
  Pleonec'tica  Atiiym'ia  seu Melanchol'ia.
A form of insanity characterized by a desire for
gain or by covetousness.
  PLERO'SIS, from 7r>i?p>?s, 'full;' also Reple'-
tio, Refec'tio, Reple'tion.   Restoration of flesh
after sickness.  Plethora.
  PLEROTICUS, Incarnans.
  PLES'MONE,  irXnopovrr, Plenitu'do, Sali'etas,
Satiety.   Intemperance. A condition the oppo-
site to that of hunger.
   PLESSER, Plexor.
   PLESSIMETER, Pleximeter.
   PLESSIMETRE, Pleximeter.
   PLETHOMERTA, from irXridos, 'many,' and
ptpos, 'a part.'  Superabundance of parts,  as  in
the case of six fingers to one hand.
   PLETHO'RA, from irXri§u>, ' I fill.'  Polya'mia,
Polyhyperha'mia, Panhypera'mia, Polyehym  m
sanguin'ea, Angeioplero'sis, Angioplero'sis, Ery-
thra'mia,  Erythro'sis, Hamatopletho'ra, Ilamo-
 pletho'ra, Plenitu'do, Multitn'do, Reduudnn'tin,
 Reple'tio, En'chyma, Comple'tio,  Pleth'ory, Re-
 ple'tion,  San'guineness, Fulness, (F.) Abondanre,
 Redondance.   The word plethora, which means 
PLETHORIC
725
PLEURITIS
repletion, Plero'sis, expresses  a superabundance ll
of blood  in the system, or in some part of it: —
hence the division  of plethora into  general and
local;  the latter being  called, according to its
seat, cerebral, pulmonary, uterine, <fcc.  The prin-
cipal symptoms of plethora exist in the circula-
tory system;  such  as  redness of  the  surface,
swelling  of the veins, increase in the fulness of
the pulse,  in  the strength of the heart's pulsa-
tions, <fcc, with spontaneous hemorrhages occa-
sionally.  With these are usually united general
heaviness,  torpor, lassitude, vertigo,  tinnitus au-
rium, flushes of heat, <fec.   The blood of plethoric
persons differs from  healthy blood in the smaller
ratio  of  water which it- contains, and especially
in the augmentation of the red corpuscles.
   The tendency to plethora, or its  actual exist-
 ence, must be obviated by purgatives, proper diet,
 exercise, &c.; and, if the danger from it be press-
 ing, by blood-letting.  This is, however, a doubt-
 ful remedy for general plethora, as it increases
 haematosis.
   Pletho'ra Arterio'sa is the form in which
 the blood is rich in fibrin and red corpuscles—the
 arte'rial constitu'tion.
   Plethora,  Local, Hyperaemia — p. Partialis,
 Hyperaomia.
   PLETHOR'IC,  Pletho'ricus, Polya'mic,  Po-
 li/a'micus, Sanguine, Sanguin'eous,  (F.)  Plitho-
 rique.   Same etymon.  Full of blood.  Relating
 to or affected with plethora.
   PLETHORICUS, Plethoric.
   PLETHORY, Plethora.
   PLETIIOS, Satiety.
   PLEUMON, Pulmo.
   PLEUMONIA, Pneumonia.
   PLEURA,  Pleurum,  Pleuro'ma,  'the side, a
 rib.'  Membra'na  pleurilica suecin'gens seu cos-
  tus snccin'gens, M. seu Tu'nica costalis seu sub-
 costa'lis, Hypopleu'rios, Hypezo'cus, (F.)  Plevre
 ou Pleure. The pleurae are two thin, diaphanous,
 perspirable membranes, which line  each side of
 the chest, and are reflected  thence  upon each
 lung.   Like  all  serous membranes — to which
 class they belong—each represents  a sac  without
 aperture.  From the junction of the pleura of
 each side the mediastina are formed.  That  por-
 tion of the pleura which lines the parietes of the
 chest is  called Pleura Costa'lis ;  the portion that
 covers the lungs, Pleura  Pulmona'lis.  The arte-
 ries of the pleurae  are  from the intercostals, in-
 ternal mammaries, phrenic, inferior thyroid, &c.
 The  veins correspond  with the arteries.   They
 nre, also,  supplied  with  lymphatics,  but  nerves
 are not  traceable in them.
   Pleura is  also used  for Cavity of the  Pleura,
 S'tcciis  Pleura.
   PLEUR.E.  The sides of the chest.
   PLEURAL, Pleura'lis, Pleu'ricus, Pleu'rites.
 That which concerns the pleura: — as a pleural
 fistula ;—pleural cavity, pleural hemorrhage, Ac.
   PLEURALGIA, Pleurodyne.
   PLEURAPOPHYSES, Costae verae, see Costa.
   PLEURAPOSTEMA, Empyema.
   PLEURARTIIROC'ACE, from irXevpa, 'a rib,'
 uodpov, 'ajoint,' and kokos, 'bad.'   Caries of the
 ribs.
   PI.CURE. Pleura.
   PLEURESIA, Pleuritis.
   PLEURESIF, Pleurisy—p. Fausse,  Pleuro-
dynia.
   PLEURESIS, Pleuritis.
   PLEURET1QUE, Pleuritic.
   PLEURICUS, Pleural.
   PLEURIS, Pleuritis.
   PLEURISY, Pleuritis
  Pleurisy, Bilious, Plenri'tis bilio'sa.  Pleu-
risy accompanied with bilious  symptoms ; — the
effect of duodenitis or duodeno-hepatitis.
  Pleurisy. False, Pleurodynia.
  Pleurisy, Head.  A ridiculous  term, occa-
sionally used by  the vulgar,  in the  Southern
States  especially, for bilious pneumonia before
the pneumonitic phenomena are developed, and
whilst the head is prominently affected.
  Pleurisy,  Hemorrhagic,  Haematothorax —
p. Rheumatic, Pleurodynia—p. Root, Asclepias
tuberosa.
  Pleurisy,  Typhoid, Plenri'tis typho'i'des seu
typho'des seu  typho'sa.   Pleurisy accompanied
by adynamic symptoms.
  PLEURITES, Pleural.
  PLEURIT'IC,  Pleurit'icus,  Pleurit'ical,  (F.)
Pleuritique ; same etymon as pleuritis. Relating
or appertaining to pleuritis — as 'pleuritic pain.'
   PLEURI'TIS, from irXtvpa, 'the pleura;' Mor-
bus  latera'lis seu pleurit'icus seu Costa'lis,  Em-
 pres'ma seu Canma Pleuritis, Pleuris, Pleure'sis,
 Pleure'sia, Pleuritis costa'lis sen vera, Pleurilica
 Febris, Passio pleurilica, Infiamma'tio  Pleura,
 Pleurisy, In ft am ma'tion ofthe Pleura, (F.) Pleu-
 risie,  Fieivre  pleuritique, Infiammation  de  la
 Plivre, may be acute  or  chronic.  Perhaps the
 most violent of all internal inflammations is the
 active  form; known by acute, lancinating  pain
 in one side ofthe chest, increased by inspiration,
 by coughing, and  often by pressure ; dyspnoea,
 the inspirations short and frequent; cough dry,
 or  with  little  expectoration;  and  difficulty  of
 lying on  the affected side.  Symptoms, attending
 the phlegmasia; in general, strongly  marked.
   Physical Signs.   There is  seldom any percep-
 tible alteration  in the exterior of the chest. When
 effusion has taken  place  to a  great extent, the
 signs will be similar to those of chronic pleurisy.
 The  motion of the  affected side is  diminished,
 and the vibrations of the voice cannot be detected
 by the hand.  There is more  or  less dulness  of
 sound  on percussion, the  dulness diminishing or
 disappearing by change of position.   On auscul-
 tation, the inspiration  is feeble, distant,  or inau-
 dible ; but change of position  modifies it.  Ego-
 phony is usually present,  when the effusion  is in
 moderate quantity, and is best heard over a por-
 tion  of the thoracic parietes,  represented by a
 band of three inches, running from  below the
 inferior margins of the scapula in the direction
 of   the ribs  to the sternum.   Simple  pleurisy
 rarely attacks both sides  at once: when such is
 the case, the presence of tubercles may be sus-
 pected.
   Formerly, a true pleurisy meant one seated  in
 the pleura: a mediastinal pleurisy, one  situated
 in the  anterior  mediastinum ;  and false  pleurisy
 or rheumatismal pleurisy, that which occupies the
 intercostal muscles.  The last has received the
 name  Pleurodynia ; that of pleurisy being ex-
 clusively appropriated to inflammation of  the
 pleura. Pleurisy has also been distinguished into
 dry and humid, according  as it is or is not accom-
 panied by expectoration.  Humid or moist pleurisy
 is now properly regarded as  a complication  of
 pleurisy with pulmonary catarrh.  It is the catar-
 rhal pleurisy of some.   The majority of  the spe-
 cies  of pleurisy,  admitted by  Sauvages, consist
 of  complications.
   The causes of pleurisy are  like those  of other
 internal  inflammations.   It  may  terminate  by
 resolution, effusion, or suppuration.
   Chronic Pleurisy, which  has been  particu-
 larly described by  Bayle, Broussais, and Laen-
 nec, most commonly terminates  by a serous  or
 purulent effusion, which  sometimes  simulates
i hydrothorax; at others, phthisis pulmonalis.  It 
PLEUROCELE
726
PLEXIMETER
may form slowly, without evident symptoms; or
it  may  succeed  acute  pleurisy.  In  the former
case, vague pains are felt in the chest, with small,
dry  cough,  oppression at  intervals,  shivering,
irregular  febrile symptoms,  and  hardness  of
pulse.
   Physical Signs. The affected side is smoother,
more rounded  and  motionless:  the intercostal
spaces are dilated and filled up,  or  may even
protrude  slightly.  In very chronic cases, how-
ever, the  affected side may be smaller.   The tri-
angular space above the clavicle and the depres-
sion immediately above  the  sternum are often
drawn downwards on  the diseased side.   No vi-
bration  is experienced  by the  hand when the
patient speaks.   The parietes of the thorax are
sometimes cedematous, and fluctuation  may be
occasionally  felt between the ribs.  On percus-
sion the  sound  is dull, or if clear, only  so in the
upper portions  of the chest.  On auscultation,
there is an absence of the usual  sounds over the
affected parts, excepting occasionally transmitted
sounds.  There are no physical signs  that can
enable  us to know whether pus or serum is effused
into the  chest.   The introduction of a  grooved
needle  through  the intercostal space, as recom-
mended by Dr.  Thomas Davies, would of course
settle the question.
   On dissection of those who have died  of pleu-
risy, the  pleura is found thickened, red, inflamed,
 and covered with  membranous  exudations  or
 false membranes.  Sometimes it seems cartilagi-
 nous and ossified.  Its cavity frequently  contains
 serous  or sero-purulent effusions.
   The acute form of the disease requires the most
 active treatment.  General blood-letting, to such
 an extent as to make a very decided impression
 on the system,  and  repeated  if necessary.  This
 is the most important agent.  After the violence
 of the disease has been got over,  counter-irritants
 will be found highly beneficial;  as well  as when
 it has  passed into the chronic state.  The cough
 may be relieved by  demulcents.
   Sauvages  has given the name  Pleuri'tis Ven-
 to'sa,  and Pringle that of Pleurodynia Ven-
 to'sa,  to a pain behind the false ribs, attributed
 to the  presence of air in  the intestines.
   Pleuritis Biliosa, Pleurisy, bilious—p. Bron-
 chialis,  Bronchitis—p.  Costalis, Pleuritis — p.
 Diaphragmatica, Diaphragmitis — p.  Humida,
 Bronchitis—p.  Muscularis, Pleurodynia — p. No-
 tha, Pleurodynia—p.  Pericardii, Pericarditis—p.
 Pulmonis,  Pleuropneumonia—p. Rheumatica,
 Pleurodynia—p. Spuria,  Pleurodynia—p. Spuria
 simulata, Pleurodynia — p. Typhoides,  Pleurisy,
 typhoid — p. Vera, Pleuritis.
   PLEUROCE'LE, from  irXtvpa,  'the  pleura,'
 and KvXn,  'a  tumour.'   Hernia  ofi the pleura,
 Hernia  pleu'rica et  pulmona'lis.   This  name,
 employed by Sagar, is inaccurate, as the pleura
 never  protrudes alone.  It only forms  a hernia,
 when it  serves  as an envelope to the lung, to tu-
 mours, or  to  purulent  collections, which have
 protruded from the thoracic parietes.
    PLEUROCOLLE'SIS, from nXevpa, 'the pleu-
 ra,' and KoXXaoi, 'I glue.'  An adhesion between
 the pleura costalis and pleura pulmonalis.
    PLEURODYNE, Pleurodynia.
    PLEURODYNTA,  Plcural'gia, Peeitdo-pleu-
 ri'tis,  Pseudo-pleurisy,  Pleurod'yne,   Autal'gia
 doloro'sa, Parapleuritis, Stethorrheu'ma, Rheu-
 matis'mns  pec'toris,  Pleuri'tis  rheumalica  seu
 musculo'ris  seu  notha  seu  spu'ria seu spu'ria
 siniula'ta,  Pneumo'nia  exter'na,  Lagonop'onos,
  Thoraeod'yne,  Dolor Pec'toris exter'nus, Pain in
 the side', Stitch in  the side,  False, rheumnt'ic or
 rhenmatis'rnal  pleurisy,  (Old Eng.) Shott, (Sc.)
 Caik,  (F.) Point de c6te, Douleur de c6ti, Pleu-
risie fausse; from irXcvpa, 'the side  or pleure,'
and  oSvvrj, 'pain.'  A spasmodic or rheumatic
affection, generally seated in  the muscles of tho
chest, and, ordinarily, in  the intercostals.  It  is
usually augmented by outward pressure, inspira-
tion, coughing, exertion, moving the thorax, and
sometimes even  the  corresponding arm.  It  is
unaccompanied by fever, cough, or dyspnoea, ex-
cepting under the form of a stitch, when dyspnoea
exists.  It is, generally, by no means obstinate,
and yields promptly to warm applications and  to
cupping  or leeches.   If it still resists, a blister
will, almost always, remove it.
  Pleurodynia Ventosa, Pleuritis ventosa.
  PLEUROMA,  Costa, Pleura.
  PLEUROPATHI'A, from irXtvpa, 'the pleura,'
and irados, 'a disease.' A disease of the pleura.
  PLEUROPERIPNEU'MONY, Plc,,r„pc,-i-
pneumo'nia, Pleuropneiimo'nia, Pneumonoplenre'-
sis, Pneumonopleitrltis,Pleuri'tis pulmo'nis, Pneu-
mo'nia  pleuritis.  Inflammation occupying tho
pleura and the lung at the same  time.  Pleurisy
and peripneumony existing simultaneously. Phy-
sical signs.  A dull sound is  yielded by percus-
sion for a variable extent  over the more depen-
dent portions of the  affected  side.   The loss  of
sound is partially modified by change of position.
The respiratory murmur  on  auscultation is very
feeble or  absent inferiorly; higher  up, the crepi-
tation or  bronchial respiration of pneumonia may
be detected; round the root of the lung, and near
the  inferior angle of the scapula, egophony is
generally present.  There is  seldom much en-
largement of the affected side, or  displacement
of the adjacent  organs, as in the case  of simple
chronic pleurisy.
  PLEUROPNEUMA, Pneumathorax.
  PLEUROPNEUMONIA, Pleuroperipneu-
mony.
  PLEUROPNEUMONIAS,   Pleuroperipneu-
mony.
   PLEUROPYESIS, Empyema.
   PLEURORRHAGIA, Haematothorax.
   PLEURORRHffi'A, from  rrXtvpa, ' the side,'
and peto, ' I flow.' Accumulation of fluid in  the
pleura.
  PLEURORRHCEACHYLOSA.Chylothorax—p.Lym-
 phatica, Hydrothorax —p. Purulenta, Empyema
 —p. Sanguinea,  Haematothorax—p. Serosa, Hy-
 drothorax.
   PLEURORTHOPNCE'A,  from  irXtvpa,  'the
 side,' op$os, ' erect,' and  irvtor, ' I respire.' Pain
 of the side, which does not permit  the patient to
 breathe,  except when in the vertical position.
   PLEUROSO.'MUS, from  irXevpa,  'side,' and
 aoipa, 'body.'   A malformation  in which the  fis-
 sure is somewhat lateral, with eventration  ex-
 tending chiefly upon the upper part of the abdo-
 men and upon  the chest; the upper  extremity
 of the fissured side being more or less atrophied.
 —Vogel.
   PLEUROSTO'SIS, from  irXtvpa, 'the pleura,'
 and oartov, 'a bone.'  Ossification  of the pleura,
 or in the cavity  of the pleura.   Osteopleu'ria.
   PLEUROTETANUS,  Pleurothotonos.
   PLEUROTHOT'ONOS, Pleurolonos,  Pleiirn-
 tet'anus,  Tetanus latera'lis, from irXtvpoStv, 'late-
 rally,' and rovos, ' tension.' A variety of tetanus,
 in which the body is  curved  laterally by  tho
 stronger contraction of the muscles of one  side
 of the body.
   PLEUROTONOS, Pleurothotonos.
   PLEURUM,  Costa, Pleura.
   PLEVRE, Pleura.
    PLEXIM'ETER, Plexom'eter, Plegom'eter, 
PLEXOMETER            727               PLORATUS
Plessi in'eter,  Anticoposcop'ium,  Anti cop' oscope,
(F.) Pl'ssimelre, from irXnoaut, 'I  strike,'  and
ptrpov, ' measure,' 'a measure of percussion.'   An
ivory plate  of a circular or ovoid shape, from an
inch  and a  half to  two inches in diameter, and
about one-sixth of  an  inch in thickness.   It has
either a  raised rim  or edge, or projecting handles
on its upper side, to permit its being held between
the finger and thumb of the left hand, whilst it
is struck with the right.   It is used in percussion
 of the chest.   A piece of metal,  a coin,  or  the
finger of the  left hand may be used with equal
advantage.—See Percussion, mediate.
   PLEXOMETER, Pleximeter.
   PLUXOR,  from  irXnooio, 'I  strike.'  Plesser.
 Any  instrument employed in percussion.  The
 ends  of  the fingers of  the right hand brought to-
 gether are the best plexor; as the finger of  the
 left is, perhaps, the best pleximeter.
   PLEXUS, Plegma, Plec'tane, Plane, Rete, from
 irXtKor,plecto, 'I interlace,' ' I entwine.' (F.) Lads.
 A network of blood-vessels  or of  nerves.  The
 nervous plexuses,  IrnpUcatio'nes reticula'res  seu
 Textus  nervorum belong — some  to  the system of
 encephalic nerves—others to that of the great sym-
 pathetic; whilst some, as the pharyngeal, seem
 to be formed  of the two sets.  The plexuses re-
 present  complex networks,   with  more  or  less
 loose meshes, formed by the numerous and diver-
 sified anastomoses  of the nervous filaments : from
 which proceed  other  branches, that are  distri-
 buted to organs,  or to  other plexuses.
   Plexus,  Cardiac, Cardiac  plexus—p. Carotid,
 see Carotid nerve — p. Cavernosus, Bulbus vesti-
 buli— p. Choroides, see Choroid — p. Choroideus
 Medius, Choroidea  tela — p. Ciliaris, Ciliary liga-
 ment—p. Coeliaque, Cceliac plexus—p. Coronarius
 ventriculi, Gastric  plexus—p. Coronary, see Car-
 diac  plexus, and Coronary  plexus — p.  Gangli-
 formis semilunaris, Coeliac plexus — p. Ganglio-
 fortnes,  Ganglions, nervous — p. Glandiformes,
 Ganglions, nervous—p. Glandulosi Peyeri, Peyeri
 glandulae—p. Hederaceus, Corpus pampiniforme
— p.  Hepatieus,  Hepatic  plexus—p.  Infra-thy-
roideal, see Thyroideal veins—p. Lornbo-abdomi-
nal. Lumbar plexus—p. Median, Coeliac plexus—
p. Mesenterii proprius  et maximus, Coeliac plexus
—p. Nervorum nnserinus, Facial nerve—p. Opis-
togastrique, Coeliac plexus — p.  Pampiniformis,
 Corpus  pampiniforme — p. Pharyngeal, see Pha-
ryngeal  nerve — p. Pneumogastricus,  see Pneu-
mogastric  nerve — p.  Retiformis,  Corpus  caver-
nnsuiii vaginae—p. Reticularis, Bulbus vestibuli,
 Choroides plexus — p. Solar, Coeliac plexus—p.
S'lits-misentirique, Hypogastric plexus—p. Testi-
cnlairc, Spermatic  plexus—p. Trachilo-sous-cu-
tani,  Cervical plexus — p.  Vasculosus funiculi
spermatid pampiniformis, Corpus pampiniforme.
   PLICA, from plico,  nXtKor,  'to fold,' Tricho'sis
plica, Tricho'ma,  Trichono'sis plica,  Trica, T.
Iiiciibo'rum  seu Scrofo'ruin,  Plica  Polonica seu
Polon'ica Juda'ica  seu Cachec'tica seu Saxon'ica
Seu  caput  Medu'sa seu  longicau'da latera'lis,
AffeC'tio Sarmat'ica, Lues Sarmat'ica seu  Polon'-
ica seu  Trichomat'ica, Helo'sis, Hclo'tis,  Cir'ra-
gra, Cir'rhagra, C.  Polono'rum, Ecphy'ma trich-
o'ma,  Morbus  Cirrho'rum, Coma Casa'rea, Kolto,
Rhopalo'sis,  Plica'tio, Plicatu'ra,  Mailed hair,
Plaited hair,  Trichom'atose hair, (F.) Plique, P.
Polonaise.   A disease  endemic in Poland,  Lithu-
ania,  and other  parts of Northern Europe; so
called on account  of its being characterized  by
interlacing, twisting, and agglutination or matting
of tbe hair.   By  some  it has  been  regarded as a
real disease  ; by others, as the want of attention
to  cleanliness.   However  this may be,  it gene-
rally appears upon the  hair of the head, but some-
times  in  that  of other parts,  as  the beard, the |
hair on  the  axilla, pubes, Ac.  Alibert admits
three species of plica.  1. Plica multiform'is  or
Plica  caput  Medu'sa,  in which  the  hairs are
mixed and agglutinated in greater or less masses ;
and this has  been again subdivided  into two va-
rieties,  according  as the meshes  are almost
straight  (P.  C. M. lacinia'ta, (F.)  Plique  en  la-
nieres)  or much  twisted, (F.)  P. en vrilles.)   2.
Plica  longicau'da,  (F.)  Plique solitaire  ou  d
queue ;  when the  hair is united into a single long
mass, and 3. Plica cespito'sa, (F.) Plique en masse,
in  which the hairs are  matted into one large,
shapeless mass.  Pinel places this disease amongst
the Cutaneous phlegmasia ; but it is far from de-
monstrated, that  it is the result of inflammation
of  the skin.  Certain it   is, however, that the
tangling of the hair is symptomatic of an affec-
tion— sui generis — ofthe dermoid system.  The
idea that it is entirely owing to want of cleanliness,
as  has been  conceived  by some, is not tenable.
It has been supposed to be produced by a fungous
growth—a mycoderma or  trichomapliyte.
   Plica, Plectane — p.  Cachectica,  Plica — p.
Caput Medusae, Plica — p. Centralis retinas, see
Optic nerve — p.  Longicauda lateralis, Plica — p.
Lunata, Valvula semilunaris —p. Polonica, Plica
— p. Polonica Judaica, Plica—p. Saxonica, Plica
— p. Semilunaris, Valvula semilunaris.
  Plice Conniventes, Valvulae conniventes—p.
Semilunares, see  Urinary  bladder, and Uterus.
  PLICATIO,  Plica.
  PLICATURA,  Plica.
  PLICATURvE  CEREBRI, Gyri cerebri.
  PLICHOS, Perinaeum.
  PLIN'THIUM, irXivSiov.  A  machine invented
by  one Nileus, which was formerly  employed  in
the reduction of fractures and  luxations.  Scul-
tetus describes  it  in his Armamentarium Chirur-
gicum.
  PLIQUE,  Plica— p. Polonaise, Plica.
  PLOCARIA  CANDIDA, Fucus  amylaceus —
p. Helniinthochorton, Corallina Corsicana.
  PLOMB, Plumbum.
  PLOMB (F.).  The sulphuretted gas disen-
gaged from privies, which proves fatal at times
to  the nightmen, (F.)  Vidangeurs, engaged   in
emptying them.
  PLOMB,  ACETATE  ACIDE  DE, Plumbi
superacctas—p. Blanc, Plumbi subcarbonas —  p.
Blanc de, Plumbi  subcarbonas—p. Carbonate de,
Plumbi subcarbonas—p.  Chlorure de, Plumbi
chloridum—p. Iodure de, Plumbi iodidum—p.
Nitrate de, Plumbi nitras—p.  Oxide de.fondu,
Plumbi oxydum semivitreum—p. Oxide rmu/e de,
Plumbi oxydum rubrum —p. Oxide  semi-vilreux
de,  Plumbi oxydum semivitreum.
  PLOMBAGE DES DENTS, Plugging.
  PLOMBAGINE, Graphites.
  PLOMBIEIRES, MINERAL WATERS OF.
Fontes medica'ti Plumba'rii, Therma Plumbaria.
Plombieres is a town in  the department of the
Vosges, 17 leagues from  Nancy, and two from
Remiremont.  Here are several  sources  of ther-
mal water.  That which  is called  Saponaceous
(F.) Savonneuse,  is formed of  the subcarbonate
and sulphate of soda, chloride  of sodium, silica,
carbonate of lime, and much vegeto-animal mat-
ter.  This last component, when held in solution
by means of  the  subcarbonate  of soda, gives  to
the water an unctuous character.   This is the
origin  of  its  name.   The waters of  Plombieres
are employed as solvents in engorgements of the
abdominal viscera, and as alteratives in chronic
diseases of the skin.
  PLORATIO, Lacrymatio.
  PLORATUS, Lacrymatio. 
PLOTUS                 728               PLUMBUM
  PLOTUS, Leiopus.
  PLOUK, Papula.
  PLUGGING, (Sw.) Plugg, (F.) Tamponnement.
The act of stopping a hole.  The introduction of
a plug or dossil of lint or rag into a wound or
natural cavity—as the uterus or vagina—to arrest
hemorrhage; or of some substance into a carious
tooth to  prevent  toothache,  (F.) Plombage des
dents.  See Filling.
  PLUKE, Papula.
  PLUM, Prunum, Prunus domestica — p. Assy-
rian, Sebestina.
  PLUMA, Lanugo.
  PLUM ACE AU, Pledget.
  PLUMACEOLUS, Pad, Pledget.
  PLUMASSEAU, Pledget.
  PLUMBAGO, Graphites, Persicaria.
  Plumba'go Europ^e'a, P. lapathifio'lia seu ?«?i-
dulti'ta,  from plumbum, 'lead,' because covered
with lead-coloured spots, Denta'ria, Crepanel'la,
Squama'ria,  Dentela'ria, Leadwort, (F.) Dente-
Inire, Herbe  au Cancer, Malherbe.  Ord. Plumba-
ginacea;.  Sex.  Syst.  Pentandria  Monogynia.
The root was formerly  much  esteemed as a cure
fir toothache, like the Pellitory of Spain, which
is also called Dentaria.
  PLUMBI  ACETAS,  P. superacetas—p. Acetas
dilutum  atcoholicum, Liquor  plumbi subacetatis
dilutus — p.  Acidulus siccus, Plumbi superacetas
— p. Carbonas, P. subcarbonas.
  Plumbi Chlo'ridum, Chloride of  Lead,  (F.)
 Chlorure de  Plomb.  This salt of lead has been
used in the form of  lotion and ointment in can-
cerous ulcerations.
  Plumbi Deutoxydum Rubrum,  P. Oxydum
rubrum — p. Hydriodas, P. Iodidum — p. Iodhy-
dras, P. Iodidum.
   Plumbi Iod'idum, P. Iodure'tum seu Hydrl-
odas seu HydroVodas  seu Iodhy'dras, Plumbum
iotla'tum seu  Hydroiod'icum,  I'odide or Iod'uret
of  Lead, (F.) lodnre  de Plomb,  I.  plombique.
This salt is  formed  by the double decomposition
of iodide of potassium  and nitrate of lead.  It is
used in  scrofulous affections  internally and ex-
ternally ; and is  officinal in  the Pharmacopoeia
U.  S. 1851.  Dose, gr.  ss to gr. iij or iv.
   Plumbi Iodiiretum,  P. Iodidum.
  Plumbi Nitras,  Plumbum ni'tricum, Nitras
 pi umb' icus, Nit rum saturni'num. Nitrate of lead,
(F.) Nitrate ou Azotate de Plomb.  A salt formed
bv the action  of  diluted nitric acid on litharge.
 Nitrate  of lead has the same medical action  as
the other soluble  salts  of lead, and is a valuable
 aitibromic.   It has been used, also, as an exci-
 tant antiseptic to  wounds, ulcers, &c., and is the
 basis of Ledoyen's disinfecting liquid.
   Plumbi Nitrosac'charas,  Nitrosac'charate  of
 h-tid.  (Sacchar.   p. j ;  Acid,  nitric, p. ij ; Aqua
 p. x.)  Beat together in a porcelain dish as  long
 as  chemical action continues: dilute the liquor
 with water, neutralize with chalk, and  to the fil-
 tered  solution add  acetate of lead  so long  as a
 precipitate  is  formed.   Collect, wash, and dry
 the precipitate, which is saccharate of lead.   Dis-
 solve  in dilute  nitric acid,  (one  part acid  to
nineteen of  water,)  filter and evaporate to form
 crystals, which  are transparent,  of an amber
 colour,  and  in   regular  hexagonal   plates  or
 prisms.
   Advised as a solvent of phosphatic calculi.
   Plumbi Oxydum Album, Plumbi subcarbonas
— p. Oxydum  carbonatum per acidum acetosum,
Plumbi  subcarbonas — p. Oxydum  fusum,  PI.
oxydum semivitreum.
  Plumbi Oxydum  Rubrum,  Min'ium,  Miltus,
Deutox'ydum plumbi rubrum, Suporox'yilitni Plum-
bo'sum, Plumbum  oxyda'tuni rubrum seu super'-
oxydattnn, Saudix, Sandyx,  Red lead, (F.) Oxide
de plomb rouge.  It is sometimes  used to kill
vermin.
  Plumbi   Ox'ydum  Semivit'reim,  Plumbum
oxyda'tuni,  Lithar'gyrus, Lithargyrum,  Lithar-
gyr'ium, Oxydum plumbi fusum, Spurria ari/euli,
Semi-vit'rifled oxyd of lead or litharge, Calriteo'-
sn,  Catllmia, (F.) Oxide de plomb  fan tin, Oxide
de plomb semivitreux, (a 3'ellow protoxyd of lead,
prepared by heat, combined with carbonic acid.)
It occurs in scales of a whitish-red colour, and
semi-vitrified.  Itis employed for pharmaceutical
purposes, as in the  Liquor plumbi acetatis, Em-
plastrum plumbi, <fec.  Formerly, the Litharge of
gold, Chrysi'tis, Mas'sicot, and Litharge of silver,
Almariab, were  distinguished  in  commerce.
These were merely ordinary litharge, resembling
gold or silver in colour.
  Plumbi  Subcar'bonas,  Car'bonas plumbi seu
plunibicus, Plumbi  Carbonas (Ph. U. S.), Plum-
bum carbonicum,  PI. oxyda'tuni  carbon'icum Ma-
giste'rium plumbi, Oxydum plumbi album, Cernssu,
jEru'go plumbi, Psimmyth'ion, Psym'rnython, Sim-
mitiuin,  Flake white, Blanca, Gersa, If'Jtdes, Snb-
car'bonate of lead, Cerusse,  White lead, (F.) Cnr-
bonate de plomb, Blanc  de plomb,  Plomb blanc,
Ciritse, Blanc d'Argent,  Blanc de Ciritse, Blanc
de Krems, B. de Crems, B. de Kremnrtz, Craie de
plomb, (prepared by exposing spiral rolls of lead
to the fumes of vinegar, in vessels placed in dung.)
It  is  inodorous; has a sweet  taste;  is brittle;
friable;  snow white, and of a minute, scaly tex-
ture.   It is  astringent  and  sedative,  and  is
sprinkled on parts  affected  with local  inflamma-
tion, or to prevent chafing in  children.  It is
also  used in  the  formation  of ointments and
plasters.
   Plumbi Superace'tas, Cents'sa aceta'ta,Plumbi
acid'ulus siccus, P.  ace'tas  (Ph. U.  S.),  *SV»/ seu
sac'charum Satnr'ni, Plumbum ace'ticum, Dulee'do
Satur'ni, Acelas plum'bicnm crystallisa'tum, Sal
plumbi, Sugar of  lead, Superac"etate of lead,
Protoac"etate  of  lead, (F.)  Acitate  acide de
plomb,  Sel ou  sucre de  Saturne.  (Plumb, carb,
fbj, Acid  acetic, cong. 1£.   Boil the  lead with
the acid till  it is saturated ; then strain through
paper, and evaporate  to a  pellicle, that crystals
may be  formed.  Wash  the crystals  and dry on
blotting-paper.  Ph. L.)  The acetate of lead has
a sweet, styptic taste ; a very white colour, and
silky lustre.  It  is astringent; and, in weak solu-
tion, cooling and sedative; in strong, stimulant.
It is given internally, in visceral and other he-
morrhages, combined with opium, and is used
externally, in  solution,  in  inflammation, burns,
bruises, gonorrhoea, <fec.   Dose, gr. ss to iss.
   Plumbi Tannas, see Tannin.
   PLUMBICUM  ACETAS  CRYSTALLISA-
TUM, Plumbi superacetas.
   PLUMBOSUM SUPEROXYDUM, Plumbi
oxydum rubrum.
   PLUMBUM, Molyb'eios, Molibdits,  Saturn'us,
 Capricor'nus, (F.)  Plomb.   Lead.  A solid metal
of a bluish  white  colour; more malleable than
ductile: soft enough to  be scratched by the nail;
very fusible and  oxydizable, when heated in  the
air, and existing, in nature, under  a number
of different  shapes; the principal of which are
those of sulphuret and oxyd.  S. g. 11.352.
   Its use is to form oxides  and  salts.  In its me-
tallic state, it  has  no action upon the body;  but
when oxydized or united with an acid, it acts, in
large doses, as a powerfully astringent poison.
   Plumbum Aceticum,  Plumbi superacetas — p.
Album, Tin—p.  Candidum, Tin—p. Carbonicum, 
PLUMIERA ALBA
Plumbi  subcarbonas — p.  Cinereum,  Bismuth,
subnitrate of— p.  Hydroiodicum, Plumbi Iodi-
dum—p. Iodatum, Plumbi Iodidum—p. Nigrum,
Graphites—p. Nitricum, Plumbi nitras—p. Oxy-
datum, Plumbi oxydum semivitreum—p. Oxyda-
tum  carbonicura, Plumbi subcarbonas — p. Oxy-
datum rubrum, Plumbi oxydum rubrum — p. Su-
pcroxydatum, Plumbi  oxydum semivitreum.
  PLUMIE'RA ALBA; Order, Apocynacea? ;  a
native of tropical  America, has  a  milky juice
which is cathartic.
  Plumiera  Dras'tica, is given  in  Brazil in
jaundice,  and chronic  obstructions, [?]  mixed
with milk of almonds.
  Plumiera Phaged^i'nica, is in repute in Bra-
zil as an anthelmintic.
  PLUMS, SEEDED, see  Diospyros Virginiana
— p. Winter, see Diospyros Virginiana—p. Yel-
low, see Diospyros  Virginiana.
  PLUNGE BATII, see Bath.
  PLUNGING SIPHON, see Siphon.
  PLUNRETT'S CAUSTIC  FOR CANCERS,
Plunkett's Ointment.
  Plunkett's  Ointment, Plunkett's Caustic for
 Cancers.   This empirical cancer remedy consists
of Arsenious  acid,  Sulphur,  and the  powdered
flowers of the Ranunculus flammula and Cotula
fcetida ; — levigated and made into a paste with
the white  of egg, and  applied, on  a  piece of pig's
bladder, to the surface of the cancer.
  PLURAL BIRTH, see Multiparous.
  PLU'TEA.  Avicenna gives this name to du-
plicatures of the dura mater, such as  the  Falx
cerebri.
  PLUTONIUM, Barium.
  PNEOBIOMANTIA, Docimasia pulmonum.
  PNEOBIOMANTICA, Docimasia pulmonum.
  PNEUMA, Air,  Life.  See  Pneumatic Physi-
cians.
  PNEUMAPOSTE'MA, Pneumonaposte'ma, Ab-
scessus pulmo'num ; from irvtvporv, 'the lung;'and
arrocrrjpa,  'abscess.' Abscess of the lung.
  PNEUMARTHRO'SIS, from nvtvua,' air,' and
upSpov. ' articulation.'   Secretion  of air into an
articular cavity.  Seen at times after acute rheu-
matism, but soon disappearing [?].
  PNEUMATELECTASIS, Atelectasis pulmo-
num.
  PNEUMATILE'MIA,  Pneumata'mia,   from
irvtvpa, irvtvparos,  'air,' and 'aiixa,  'blood.'  A
morbid condition in which air is developed in the
bloodvessels.—Cless.
  PNEUMATHORAX, Pneumothorax.
  PNEUMATTC,   Pneumat'icus, Pneumat'ical,
(F.)  Pneumatique, from irvtvpa, -irvtvparos, 'life,
air.'  Relating to pneuma, air or health.
  Pneumat'ic  Physicians, Pneumalici.  Name
given to a sect of physicians, at the head of whom
was Athenasus/who made health and disease to
consist in  the different proportions of an element
—which they called Pneuma, irvevpta—to those of
the other elementary principles.  This-rrvevpa was
a fancied spiritual principle, which the Stoics re-
garded as an element, different from water, air,
earth and  fire;—the  sole elementary principles
previously admitted.
  PNEUMAT'IC A, from irvtvpa, irvtvparos, 'air.'
Appertaining to the breathing.  Diseases of the
respiratory function;—the second class in  Good's
system of nosology.  Agents that act on the re-
spiratory  organs.—Pereira.
  PNEUMATTCAL, Pneumatic.
  PNEUMATOCELE, Physocele.
  PNEUMATOSES,  from  irvtvpa,  'wind,' and
9          PNEUMOGASTRIC
 tto,.s, 'resemblance.'  One distended with air, or
 who breathes with difficulty, owing to an accumu-
 lation of flatus in the digestive tube; or, accord-
 ing to others, owing to emphysema.
   PNEUMATOMETER, Spirometer.
   PNEUMATOMPHALOCELE,   Pneumatom-
 phalus.
   PNEUMATOM'PHALUS, Pneumatom
 ce'le, from  irnvua, irvtipuTos, 'air,' and opipaXos,
 'the umbilicus.'   Umbilical  intestinal  hernia,
 containing  a considerable quantity of flatus.
   PNEUMATOR'RHACHIS, from -rvtvp,,, *vtv-
 paros, ' air,' and  VaX'?, ' the spine.'  Accumula-
 tion of air in the vertebral canal.
   PNEUMATOSE, Pneumatosis—p. Piritoniule,
 Tympanites.

   PNEUMATOSIS, Aero'sis, from irvtvpa, irvtv-
 paros, 'air.'  Flatus, (F.) Maladie ventense, Pneu-
 mutose.   Flatulence.  Flatulent distension of the
 stomach or bowels, or both.  Sauvages uses  the
 word synonymously with emphysema. It is now
 generally employed for every abnormous  collec-
 tion of gaseous matters in any part of the  body.
   Pneumatosis, Emphysema — p.   Abdominis,
 Tympanites —p. Enterica, Colica flatulenta—p.
 Pericardii, Pneumo-pericardium — p. Pulmonum,
■ Emphysema of  the lungs — p.  Ventriculi,  et
 Pneumatosis enterica, Flatulence.
   PNEUMATOTHORAX, Pneumothorax.
   PNEUMECTASIS, Emphysema of the  Lungs.
   PNEUMOCACE, Necropneumonia.
   PNEUMOCE'LE, Hernia pulmo'nis, (F.) Her-
 nie du poumon.   Hernia of the lung through one
 ofthe intercostal spaces.
   PNEUMOCIIOLOSIS, Pneumonia (bilious).
   PNEUMOCHYSIS, 03dema ofthe lungs.
   PNEUMOECTASIE,  Emphysema  of  the
 lungs.
   PNEUMOGAS'TRIC,  Pneumogas'tricus, (F.)
 Pneumogastriqiie, from zvtvpwv, 'the lung,' and
 yaarrip.  'the stomach.'   Belonging to the lungs
 and stomach.

   Pneumogastric Nerves, Eighth pair of nerves
 (Tenth pair, of  some,)  Par vagurri, Pars vaga,
 Nervus  vagus seu ambulato'rius seu pneumogas'-
 tricus seu dec"imus seu sympath'icus me'dius, Mid-
 dle sympathetic,  (F.) Nerfs pneiirnogastriques ou
 vogues; so called because it  is distributed espe-
 cially to the organs contained in the chest and ab-
 domen.   This nerve arises from behind the emi-
 nentia; olivaria; and near the corpora  restiformia
 by one or two rows of filaments, regularly arranged.
 These filaments  unite to form  a flat cord, which
 issues from the cranium by the foramen lacerum
 posterius ;  behind  the glosso-pharyngeal  nerve.
 At its exit from the cranium, the pneumogastric
 nerve has  the  appearance of a  very compact
 plexus — Plexus gangliform'is,  Ganglion  ofthe
 superior laryngeal branch, of Sir Astley Cooper.
 It then  descends along  the  neck, deeply  seated
 on the outside of the carotid artery and the inter-
 nal jugular vein. When it has attained the lower
 part of the neck, it enters the  chest,  gliding be-
 hind, the subclavian vein, and passing on the
 right side, in front of the subclavian artery, and,
 on the left, before the arch ofthe aorta.  It pro-
 ceeds,  at first,   backwards,  increasing in size.
 Afterwards, it passes from behind  the bronchia
 to the oesophagus, which it accompanies through
 the diaphragm, and terminates on the stomach.
 In  the  neck, the  pneumogastric  nerve  anasto-
 moses with  the spinal, glosso-pharyngeal, great
 hypo-glossal, and great sympathetic nerves; and
 furnishes, 1, a pharyngeal branch.  2, a superior
 laryngeal, 3, cardiac branches.   In the chest, it 
PNEUMOGRAPHY           73
gives  off, 1, the inferior laryngeal, or recurrent,
2, the pulmonary  plexus, and, 3, the esophageal
branches.   On entering the abdomen, the oeso-
phageal branches, which terminate the pneumo-
gastric, are distributed upon  the stomach, and
give numerous filaments to that viscus, to  the
hepatic, coeliac, gastro-epiploic, and solar plex-
uses.   Some go, also, to the pancreas, liver, gall-
bladder, duodenum,  <fec.
  PNEUMOGRAPHY, Pneumogra'phia, from
irvtvporv, 'the lung,'  and ypatpn,  'a description.'
The part of anatomy that describes the lungs.
  PNEUMOLITHI'ASIS, from irvtvpurv,  'lung,'
and XtSiacts, ' formation of stone.'  A morbid state
in which calculi form in the lungs.
  PNEUMOL'OGY, Pneumolog"ia, from irvevpurv,
'the lung,' and Xoyos, 'a discourse.'  An anato-
mical treatise  on  the  lungs.  An anatomical  de-
scription of the lungs.
  PNEUMOMETER, Spirometer.
  PNEUMOM'ETRY, Pneumomet'ria, from irvev-
purv, ' the lung,' and ptrpov, ' measure.' Measure-
ment of the capacity  of the lungs for air.  See
Spirometer.
  PNEUMON, Pulmo.
   PNEUMONALGIA, Angina pectoris.
   PNEUMONATELECTASIS, Atelectasis pul-
 monum.
   PNEUMONECROSIE, Necro-pneumonia.
   PNEUMONECTASIS,  Emphysema  pulmo-
 num.
   PNEUMONEMPHRAXTS,from rrvtnporv, 'the
 lung,'  and eutppa^is,  'obstruction.'  Congestion
 and infarction of the lungs.
    PNEUMO'NIA,  Peripneumonia,  Empres'ma
 pneumonitis,  Pleumo'nia, Peripneumo'nia, Pneu-
 monitis,  Puhno'nia,  Pnlmona'ria; Infiamma'tio
 pneumon'ica,  I.  pec'toris  acu'ta seu  pulmo'num,
 Pneumos'tasis, Febris pneumorlica,  Pnen'mony,
 Peripneu'mouy, Infiammation ofi the Lungs, Lung-
 fever (vulgarly), (F.) Inflammation des ponmons,
 Fiercepneumonique ou piripneumonique, Fluxion
 de poitrine, Inflammation  du parenchyme 2>uhno-
 naire.  From irvtvporv, 'the  lung.'  The chief
 symptoms of pneumonia are : — pyrexia, accom-
 panied by pain,  sometimes obtuse, at others pun-
 gent,—in some part of the thorax ; pulse more or
 less  quick and  hard,  according  to the violence
 and  extent of the local disorder; pain, aggrava-
 ted  by the cough, which, with dyspnoea, exists
 throughout the  disease.   At first, the expectora-
 tion is difficult and painful;  but, in the course of
 a  few days, it becomes free, and the oppression
 of breathing is mitigated.  When the inflamma-
 tion, instead of  going off by resolution, passes on
 to suppuration,  rigors are  experienced; the re-
  spiration becomes more oppressed, but less pain-
  ful,  and a sense of weight is felt in one of the
  pleurae.   Pneumonia  may,  also, terminate  by
  gangrene—but  this rarely happens,— by indura-
  tion and by hepatization.
    Physical Signs.   First  Stage, (F.)  Engoue-
  ment. Diminution of the sound is generally ob-
  served over the affected part on percussion;  aus-
  cultation exhibits an equal, dry, crepitating rdle,
  which is best heard at the close of a deep inspi-
  ration, and on  coughing.  The respiratory  mur-
  mur is intermingled  with the crepitant rale, or it
  may be absent.  In  the neighbourhood of the
  affected parts it is natural or puerile.  The  voice
  and cough are rather more resonant than usual.
  Second Stage, (F.) Hipatisotion rouge. When
  hepatization has occurred, the motion of the af-
  fected side is  impeded,  and immediately above
  the sternum and in the corresponding triangular
  space on  either side,  there  is often an evident
  depression.  Percussion  is dull over the affected
0           PNEUMONOCELE
part in every position of the patient.  On nnseul-
tation, the crepitation is found to be replaced by
bronchial respiration.  The respiratory murmur
is louder in  the other portions of the lung, the
voice  and  cough are more resonant, and tho
heart's action is more distinct.  Third Stage,
(F.) Hipatisotion grise.   When suppuration su-
pervenes, the same signs persist; but usually the
voice  and cough are less resonant, and a coarse,
mucous rale is heard. When gangrenous or sup-
purative cavities are formed,  they  present the
ordinary signs.
  The prognosis must be guarded.   It is  not a
disease which we can always subdue.  Great ex-
tent of inflammation ; very considerable oppres-
sion ;  orthopnoea, and difficult expectoration are
unfavourable symptoms.  The most active treat-
ment  is of course necessary.   General bleeding
forms the sheet anchor,—employed so as to make
a decided impression on the  system, and repeated,
if  necessary;  local  blood-letting;  nauseating
doses of antimonials; purgatives; and when the
violence of the inflammation has been got under,
— counter-irritants,  <fec.   Chronic  pneumonia
sometimes  succeeds the acute, and, at  others,
occurs  accidentally.  It -must be managed on
general principles.  Small bleedings, especially
locally;  and counter-irritants of all kinds are
indicated.
   Pneumonia Biliosa, P. bilious.
   Pneumonia, Bil'ious,  P. bilio'sa,  Pneumocho.
lo'sis.  Inflammation of the lungs, accompanied
by gastric fever, and not uncommonly by typhoid
symptoms;—Pneurnotyphus, Pneumo'nia typlml-
des seu typho'des seu typho'sa, Putrid, typhoid,
adynamic, or erysipelatous pneumo'nia.
   Pneumonia,  Erysipelatous, P.  bilious — p.
Gangraonosa, Necropneumonia — p. Hypostatic)!,
Pneumonypostasis— p.  Intermittens, Pneumoty-
posis—p. Lobular,  see Lobular — p. Notha, Peri-
pneumonia notha—p. Pleuritis, Pleuropneumonia
—p. Putrid,  P.  bilious — p. Typhodes, P. bilious
— p.  Typhoid, P. bilious — p. Typhosa, P. bilious,
Necropneumonia—p. Vesicular, Bronchitis, vesi-
cular.
   PNEUMONIC, Pulmonic.
   PNEUMON'ICA.  From rvevpurv, 'the lung.'
 Diseases affecting the lungs, their membranes or
 motive power; characterized  by  irregular,  im-
peded, or painful respiration.  The second order
 of the class Pneumatica  of Good.
    PNEUMONIC ULA, diminutive of pneumonia.
 A slight inflammation of the lung.
    PNEUMONICUS, Pulmonic.
    PNEUMON1E, Pneumonia — p. Dissiminie,
 see Lobular—p. Lobulaire, see Lobular—p. Ma-
 melonnie, see Lobular.
    PNEUMONIE DES AGONISANTS, Pneu-
 monic hypostatique.  The hyperaemic engorge-
 ment, which takes place in the lungs during the
 last  moments  of  life, has been so  termed.   It
 would seem to be hyperaemia rather than inflam-
 mation.
    PNEUMONITTC, Pneumonit'icus.  Of, or be-
 longing to pneumonitis, or  inflammation of the
 lungs.
    PNEUMONITIS, Pneumonia.
    PNEUMONOCARCINO'MA,  from  irvtvpmv,
  ' the lung,' and Kapxtvutpa, ' cancer.'  Cancer of
  the lungs.
    PNEUMONOCE'LE, from irvtvpwv, 'the lung,'
  and KijXri, 'rupture.'  Hernia of tbe lung.
    PNEUMONOCE'LE DlArHRAGMAT'lCA  Inter'na.
  Hernia of the lung through the diaphragm.
    Pneumonocele  Exter'na seu  Thorac"ica.
i  Hernia through the parietes of the chest. 
PNEUMONCEDEMA         731         PODENCEPHALUS
    Pneiimonocele Thoracica, Pn. externa.
    PNEUMONCEDEMA, G]dema ofthe lungs.
    PNEUMONOMELANOSIS, see Melanosis.
    PNEUMONOMETER, Spirometer.
    PN E UMONOPHTHISIS, Phthisis pulmonalis.
    PNEUMONOPHTHOE, Phthisis pulmonalis.
    PNEUMONOPLEURESIS,  Pleuroperipneu-
  mony.
    PNEUMONOPLEURITIS,   Pleuroperipneu-
  mony.
    PNEUMONORRIIAGIA, Haemoptysis.
    PNEUMONORRHCEA, Hsemoptysis.
    PNEUMONOSCIR'RHUS, from irvtvptov, 'the
  lung,' and  oKtppos, ' induration.'  Induration of
  the lungs.
    PNEUMONOSES, Pneumoses.
    PNEUMONY, Pneumonia.
    PNEUMONYPOS'TASIS, Pneumo'nia hypo-
  ttat'ica.  Pneumonia in a depending portion of
  the lung, caused by lying on the back.
    PNEUMOPERICARDE,  Pneumo - pericar-
  dium.
    PNEUMO-PERICARDTUM,  Pneumo-peri-
  carditis. Pneumatosis pericardii, (F.) Pneumo-
  piricarde, from  irvtvpa, 'air,'  and ntptKapStov,
  'pericardium.'   Lae'nnec designates, under  this
  name, the effusion of air into the cavity of the
  pericardium.
    PNEUMOPHTHISIS, Phthisis pulmonalis.
    PNEUMOPHYMATA, Tubercles ofthe lungs.
    PNEUMOPLEURESIS, Pleuroperipneumony.
    PNEUMOPTHOE, Phthisis pulmonalis.
*   PNEUMORRHAGIA,  Hasmoptysis — p.  In-
  terna, Haematothorax.
    PNEUMOSEPSIS, Necropneumonia.
    PNEUMOSES, from  rvtvporv,  'the lung.'  A
  term under which Alibert comprises every mor-
  bid affection of the lungs.
    PNEUMOTHO'RAX, Pnenmatho'rax,  Pneu-
  matotho'rax, Ernphyse'ma pec'toris, Asthma aeri-
  um  seu emphysemat'icnm, Dyspnce'a pneumat'ica
  seu physothorac"ica,  Physotho'rax, Aerotho'rax,
  Aeropleurie  (Piorry), from   irvtvpa, 'air,'  and
  Swpaf, 'the thorax.'  An accumulation  of air in
  the cavity of the pleura.  A complaint generally
  sudden in its invasion  and fatal in its character.
  In many instances, along with the air, a liquid is
  effused,—Hydropneumothorax.  The disease may
  be spontaneous and  simple, but in a large pro-
  portion of cases it is complicated with pleurisy
  and  pulmonary tubercles. The  signs vary ac-
  cording as there is, or  is not, a communication
  between the  pleura and the bronchia.   The af-
  fected side  gives  a hollow,  tympanitic  sound,
  even where the thickness of the  parietes of the
  thorax is great.  When  the effusion is consider-
  able, the affected side is dilated,  but  there is no
  rdle of any kind.  When a gaseous and a liquid
  effusion are  present at the same  time, the sound
  on percussion is found to be clear at the superior
  part of the thorax, but dull inferiorly; hence, by
  varying the position of the patient, and by con-
  sequence that of the contained fluids, the seats
  of the clear  and the dull sound will be varied.
  M'hen the gaseous effusion is owing to a fistulous
  com muni cation between the pleura and bronchia,
 the metallic respiration and resonances are heard ;
 and if there be both gaseous and liquid effusion,
 with  a fistulous  communication, in addition to
 these signs there is the tintement mitallique. The
 presence of liquid can always  be ascertained by
 succussion.  See Emphrysetna of the lungs.
  PNEUMOT'OMY, Pneumotom'ia, from -vcvuoiv,
' the lung,' and rcpvw, 'I cut.'  Dissection of the
lungs.
   PNEUMOTYPIIUS, Pneumonia, typhoid.
   PNEUMOTYPO'SIS,  Pneumo'nia  intermit'-
tens,  from -rrvtvuurv,  ' the  lung,' and  twos,  ' a
stamp,  a type.'   Pneumonia characterized  by
periodicity.
   PNEUOBIOMANTIA, Docimasia pulmonum.
   PNEUSIOBIOGNOSIS, Docimasia pulmonum.
   PNEUSIOBIOSCOPE, Docimasia pulmonum.
   PNEUSIS, Respiration — p. Pertussis, Pertus-
sis—p. Singultus, Singultus — p. Tussis, Tussis.
   PNEUSOMETER, Spirometer.
   PNIGALION, Incubus.
   PNIGMOS, Orthopnoea, Strangulation.
   PNIGOPHOBIA, Angina pectoris, Suffocation.
   PNIX, Orthopnoea, Strangulation.
   PNOE, Aura.
   PNCEUM.  A nostrum of Dr.  Samuel Hahne-
 mann, the founder of the ' Homoeopathic System,'
 which consisted — it is said — of borax only !
   PNOOCOLYTICUS, Asthmatic.
   POAD-MILK, Colostrum.
   POCHE DES EAUX, see Liquor Amnii, and
 Parturition.
   POCK,  from Teut. pocca,  'pock or  little
 pouch.'  A pustule of smallpox.
   Pock-arr, Pock-mark, see Cicatrix — p. Kine,
 Vaccina.
   POCKFRETTEN, see Pockmark.
   POCKHOLE, Pockmark.
   POCKMARK, Pockhole,  (Prov.)  Pock-arr,
 Scrobic'ulus  seu  Cica'trix  Variola.   The mark
 or pit or  pitting left from a smallpox  pustule.
 One pitted with smallpox is said to be pockfretien
or pockf redden.
   POCKY.  Infected with, or appertaining  to,
 or resembling, smallpox or  syphilis.
   POC'ULUM ABSINTHIA'TUM.   This was
regarded, in  remote ages, as  a wholesome beve-
rage;  the absinthium, or 'wormwood,'  being sup-
posed to act as an antidote  to drunkenness.
   Poculum  Amatorium, Philter — p. Diogenis,
 Palm — p. Emeticum, Goblet, emetic.
   POD'AGRA, Podarthri'tis, Podorrheu'ma, Pn-
dalgia, from irons, iroios, 'the foot,'  and aypa,
 'seizure.'  Pain which attacks the feet.   Gout,
situate in the articulations of the  foot.   It has,
also, been used in a more extensive signification
synonymously with gout.
   Podagra Aberrans, Gout, (wandering) — p.
Arthritis,  Gout — p.  Retrograda,  Gout,  (retro-
grade.)
   PODAGRA RIA.  Ligusticum podagraria — p.
iEgopodium, Ligusticum podagraria.
   PODAG'RIC,  Podag>rical, Podag'ricns, Ar-
thrit'icus, Arthrilic, Gouty, (F.) Gouttenx.  Re-
lating  or belonging to gout.  Affected with,  or
liable to gout.
   PODALGIA, Gout, Podagra.
   PODALYRIA TINCTORIA, Sophora tinctoria,
   PODANENCEPHALIA,  see Podencepbalus.
   PODARTHRITIS,  Podagra.
   PODARTHROC'ACE,  from novs, iroios,  'the
foot,' ap&pov,  'an  articulation,' and kokos, 'bad.'
Caries of the articulation of the foot.
   PODENCEPHALIA, see Podencepbalus.
   PODENCEPH'ALUS, Podanenceph'alus, from
novs, trooos, 'the foot,' and KtqraXv, 'the  head.'  A
monster whose brain is placed outside  the skull,
and seems to be supported  on a pedicle, which
traverses the summit of the skull.   This state  of 
PODEX
monstrosity is termed Podanencepha'lia, or more j
properly, Podcncepha'lia.—I. G. St. Hilaire.
  PODEX, Anus, Nates.
  PODCEDE'MA, from irons, iroSos, 'foot,' and 01-
$npa, ' a swelling.'  CEdema of the foot.
  PODOL'OGY,  Podolotf'ia, from irovs, iroios,
' the foot,' and Xoyos, ' a discourse.'  A description
of the foot.  A treatise on the foot.
  PODOPHYL'LUM PELTA'TUM, Podophyl-
lum,  Anapodophyllurn   Canadense,  May-apple,
Mandrake.  Ord. Berberidaceae.  Sex. Syst. Poly-
andria Monogynia; from irons, iro&os, 'a foot,'  and
tpvXXov, ' a  leaf,' in reference to the shape of the
leaf.  A common plant throughout North America.
The fruit is eatable, and esteemed by many.  The
leaves are  said  to be  poisonous.  The root or
rhizoma, Podophyllum  (Ph. U. S.),  is purgative
in the dose of 20 grains.   It has also been used
as an anthelmintic.
  Podophyllum Monta'num,  Mountain May-ap-
ple, Mandrake, Wild Lemon, Ducksfoot, Raccoon
Berry,  Yellow Berry,  Ground  Lemon,  has  the
same properties;
  PODORRHEUMA, Podagra.
  PODOTHE'CA, from irovs,  ™Sos,  'a foot,'and
dr>Kn,  'a receptacle, a sheath.'  The cuticle of the
foot.  An  anatomical  preparation.  Chirothe'ca,
has been used for the cuticle of the hand.
  POELETTE, Cup, Payette.
  POE'PHAGUS, from iron, or too, 'a plant, an
herb,' and  tpayta, 'I eat.'  One who subsists on
herbs  or  vegetables.  The act of  subsisting or
feeding on herbs  or  vegetables  is  called Poe-
2ihag"ia.   Hence Strabo calls the Irish irontpayot.
  POGON, Beard.
  POGONFASIS, Pogo'nia,  from  iruyoiv,   'the
beard.'   A female beard.   Also, great  strength
or quantity of beard.   A female  having  a beard
— Vira'go.
  POGO'NIUM, irorytovtov, diminutive of irorytov,
'beard.'   A weak or small beard.
  POGONOL'OGY, Pogonolog"ia, from iroryorv,
 'a  beard,'  and Xoyos, 'a description.'  A descrip-
tion of, or treatise on, the beard.
  POGOSTEMON  INTERMEDIUS,  P.   Pat-
chouli.
  Pogoste'mon Patchouli, P. Suavis seu inter-
me'dius,  Pucha-Paf, Patchouli.  Nat. Ord.  La-
biatae.  Native of Penang and the  Malayan pe-
ninsula.   The oil is used as a perfume.  The dis-
tilled oil is used for the same purpose.
  Pogostemon Suavis, P. Patchouli.
  POHON ANTIAR,  Upas —p.  Upas, Upas.
  POL   A favourite  aliment in the Sandwich
 Islands.  It is a sort of paste made from the  root
 of  the Kalo — Arum esculen'tum.
  POIDS  ET  MESURES,  Weights and mea-
 sures.
   POIGNEE, Manipulus.
  POIGNET, Carpus.
POISON
  FOIL, Galactocele, Hair.
  POILETTE, Cup.
  POILS, see Typha latifolia.
  POING, Fist.
  POINT, Stitch.
  Point, Blistering.  A nnme given  by Dr.
Rush to  an indeterminate period in the course
of a continued fever, intermediate  between tho
stages of high excitement and collapse, in which
blisters will —he thought — usually produce un-
equivocally good  effects.
  POINT DE COTS', Pleurodynia.
  POINTS LACRYMAUX,  Lachiymalia
puncta.
  POIRE, see Pyrus communis.
  POIRE AU, Allium porrum, Verruca.
  POIRIER, Pyrus communis.
  POIS, Pisum—p. d Cautere, see  Fonticulus—
p. Chiche, Cicer arietinum—p. Cultiri, Pisum—
p. d Gratter, Dolichos pruriens—p. Putate, Doli-
chos tuberosus.
  POISON, Phar'macon, Phar'macum, Tox'ieunr,
Vene'num,  Virus, Delete'rium,  Venena'tion, (F.)
Poison.   A generic name for all substances which,
when introduced  into the animal economy, either
by  cutaneous absorption, respiration, or the di-
gestive  canal, act in a noxious manner on the
vital properties or the texture of organs.  Hence
we  speak  of fever  poison,  cholera poison,  <fec.
Poisons exist in  the three kingdoms  of nature;
but those which proceed from animals are  often
called venoms, as the venom of the viper,  scor-
pion, tarantula,  <fcc.; whilst those  that are the
products  of  disease  have the name virus. In
common parlance, therefore, poison is restricted
to deleterious articles, furnished  by the  mineral
and vegetable kingdoms.  Orfila has divided poi-
sons into four classes.   1.  Acrid,  Ir'ritating,
Corro'sive,  or Escharot'ic, such as the concen-
trated acids  and alkalies; mercurial, arseniacal,
cupreous, and antimonial compounds, canthari-
des, &c.   2.  Narcot'ic; those that act particu-
larly upon the brain ; as hyoscyamus, opium, &c,
but without inflaming the organ with which they
come in contact.  3. Narcot'ico-Acrid or Acro-
narcot'ic ; — those that act on the  brain, but, at
the same time, irritate the  parts to which they
are applied;  as aconite, belladonna, &e.  4. Sep-
tic  or Putres'cent; — those furnished by the
animal  kingdom. See  Venom and Virus.   Va-
rious classifications, of  a similar  character, have
been recommended by different toxicologists; but
they are liable to the objection, that they throw
substances together whose  physiological action
on  the  system is very  different.  It  is, indeed,
difficult to avoid  unnatural  compression of mat-
ters into places not properly belonging to them,
in all such arrangements.
  The following table, which exhibits a coup d'edl
of the chief poisons, with most of the circum-
stances  of importance  connected with  them,  ia
not free from these objections 
POISONS
733
POISONS
TABLE,  EXHIBITING  THE  SYMPTOMS, TREATMENT,  AND  MODE  OF  DETECTING
           THE  VARIOUS POISONS,  MINERAL, VEGETABLE AND  ANIMAL.

               N. B. In all cases the Stomach-Pump should be used as soon as possible.

                           I.  INORGANIC  POISONS.
Poisons.
   ACIDS.

 Acetic Acid.

  Citric Acid.

Muriatic Acid.

 Nitric Acid.

Sulphuric Acid.

 Tartaric Acid.

  Oxalic Acid.
Symptoms.
 Prussic Acid.

Oil of Bitter Al-
    monds.

 Laurel Water.
ALKALIES and
 their SALTS.

   Ammonia,
Strong Liquor or
   Water of.

Muriate  of Am-
  monia  or  Sal
  Ammoniac.
Caustic Potassa,
  and Liquor Po-
  tass®.
  Carbonate of Po-
^ |   lassa, or Pearl
    Ash, and Salt
    of Tartar.

  Nitrate of Potas-
   sa or Saltpetre.

  Sulphuret of Po-
    tassium or Li-
    ver of Sulphur.
 EARTHS    and
 COMPOUNDS.

     Baryi a.

j CarVinfe of Ba-
      ryta.

\Chloi\de of  Ba-
      rium.

\ Nitrate  if  Ba-
      rytc.

      Lime.
  The acids,  generally, are
strong   corrosive  poisons.
Sour, acrid taste, burning
 n the  throat, which is  in-
creased  hy pressor-, swal-
lowing, or couuliiutr;  eruc-
tation,  and   excruciating
pain in the stomach;  more
or less  corrugation of  the
lining   membranes of  the
mouth and prima; vise;  ex
conation  about the mouth
or such other parts of  the
skin as the acid may have
touched.  The matter  vo-
miled effervesces with car-
bonate of lime.  The coun-
tenance becomes glazed, ex-
tremities colli and clammy;
convulsions and death.  Ni-
tric  acid  occasions yellow
stains, and sulphuiic acid,
black.
  Fs a sedative poison ; nau-
sea, giddiness debility, hur-
ried pulse weight and pain
in  the  heal ;  eructations
having the  flavour of the
acid ;  spasms, tetanus, con-
tractile pupil; convulsions,
death.
Treatment.
  Violent,   caustic,  acrid
taste;  great  heat  in  the
throat, with destruction of
its lining membrane; diffi-
cult  ami  painful degluti-
tion; vomiting  of bloody
matter, which  turns  the
vellou- of turmeric  brown ;
acute pain in  the stomach ;
cold sweats, weakness, hic-
cough ; violent colic pains,
with   pinging  of  bloody
stools   and   membranous
flakes; death.
  The  nitrate of potassa
will not manifest the effect
with turmeric paper.   The
carbonates, when vomited,
will effervesce with  acids;
and  ttie  liver of sulphur
will give rise  to eructations
of sulphuretted hydrogen.
  Analogous  to  lho?e of
the corrosive metals  Vio-
lent  burning in  ihe  sto-
mach,   vomiting,  gripes,
diarrhoea;  excessive  mus-
cular  debility,   headache,
convulsions  death.  Lime
differs from  baryta in being
a pure irritant.
  The carbonates of soda,
potassa,  lime  and magne-
sia, are all antidotes to the
acids;  calcined magnesia
also.  They are to be used
with the following restric-
tions: for Ihe  acetic, citric,
muriatic,   sulphuric,  and
tartaric acids, they may be
used indiscriminately.  For
Ihe nitric and oxalic,  car-
bonates  of  magnesia  and
lime can alone be employed
with safety. In the case of
sulphuric acid, water should
not  be drunk, on  account
of the great heat which  is
produced hy their  mixture.
Subsequent  in flam in at ion
to  be treated  by ordinary
means.
  The carbonates ofthe al-
kalies and of magnesia and
lime  have  the  inconve-
nience, that a  large quan-
tily of gas is  extricated in
the stomach.
  Ammonia is an antidote;
but  it  should  not  "ne  em-
ployed  in a very  concen-
trated form.   Liquid chlo-
rine has also  been  found
efficacious. The cold dour he
to  the head  has been  re-
commended.
Tests.
  The vegetable acids, such
as  vinegar,  lemon  juice.
citric and  tartaric acid in
solution  are antidotes  to
Ihe alkalies and their car-
bonates.   The  fixed oils.
such as castor,  linseed, al-
mond and olive, form soaps
with the  free  alkalies, and
therefor 'destroy their caus-
tic effects.
  Poisoning hy  nitrate of
potassa to be treated on ge-
neral antiphlogistic princi-
ples; mucilaginous drinks.
  Liver of sulphur is said
to be decomposed and neu-
tralized  by common  sail.
The  liquid chloride of soda
will also decompose it.
  The  sulphates of  soda
and magnesia are  prompt
and effective antidotes to
all the poisonous salts of
baryta.   Phosphate  of soda
will  also counteract  their
effects.   Lime may  be neu-
tralized  hy  dilute  acids
Carbonic arid, in soda-wa-
ter, effervescing draught or
yeast, it  is supposed, would
answer  a  good  purpose.
The fixed oils may be em-
ployed either for baryta or
lime,  when not in  a com-
pound state.
  Sulphuric  acid is known by a
wtiite precipitate with  any sail
of baryta, insoluble in nitric acid.
  Muriatic  acid is  known by a
white precipitate with nitrate of
silver,  insoluble in  nitric acid,
which turns black by the action
of light.
  Nitric acid gives rise to orangp-
coloured  fumes, when  copper is
placed  in it.  and  an  ability to
dissolve  gold  when  mixed with
muriatic acid.
  Acetic acid exhales the odour of
vinegar.
  Citric neiWblackenswhen heated.
  Tartaric acid precipitates cr\s-
tals, with a solution of potassa ;
and a white precipitate is thrown
down hy lime-water.
  Oxalic  arid gives a white preci-
pitate  with  lime-water,  which,
when heated, is converted into
carbonate of lime.
  Prussic acid exhales the odour
of peach-kernels; forms a white
precipiratc with nitrate of silver
neutralized with an alkali, gives
a blue precipitate with the per-
salts of iron.
  The  alkalies  are  known  by
their action on  turmeric  paper:
restoring  the  colour  of litmus,
which has  been  reddened by an
acid.

  Carbonates arc known hy their
effervescence with  an  arid; some
of them affect Ihe turmeric paper
Sal  ammoniac gives out the pun-
gent odour of ammonia, when
mixed witli quicklime.
  Nitrate  of potassa decrepitates
and deflagrates when thrown on
hot coals.
  Liver ofsulphureinits the odour
of  sulphuretted hydrogen  when
dissolved,  or  when treated with
an acid.
  Baryta and its sails invariably
give a while precipitate, insoluble
in acid, with a soluble sulphate,

  Lime, when dissolved, gives a
white precipitate with oxalic acid.
Also  with carbonic  acid  or a
soluble carbonate.   The same of
baryta. 
POISONS           734          TOTSONS
Poisons.	Symptoms.	Treatment.	Tests.
ALCOHOL. Brandy. Wines, and all Spirit-uous Liquors.	Intoxication, and when taken very freely, complete insensibility, with apo-plexy or paralysis of one side; the countenance swol-len and of a dark-red co lour; the breathing diffi-cult, and often stertorous with a peculiar puffing out ofthe lips; the breath smells of liquor, which will dis-tinguish the svmptoms from those of spontaneous apo-plexy.	A powerful emetic of white vitriol, or tartar eme-tic, should be got into the stomach as soon as possi-ble ; and if the person has lost the power of swallow ing, a flexible catheter or tube sho ild he the means of conveying it thither The vomiting should be encou-raged as much as possible with warm water; and large and artive glysters of salt and water should be thrown up. The patient should be placed erect, and if the countenance and other ap-pearances be not improved after these means have been used, the jugular vein may he opened, and cold wet cloths applied to the head. particularly if the bodv be hotter than natural If the extremities become cold warmth and friction should he perseveringly used.	
VOLATILE OILS. Creosote. DippeVs Animal Oil. Oil of Tar. Oil of Tobacco. Oilof Turpentine-Fuse! Oil.	General action, that of irritant poisons. Burning pain, vomiting, pungent taste purging &c. The oils of turpentine and tobacco affect Ihe nervous system ; the peculiar odour of each oil will he manifested in the matter vomited.	Creasote is immediately coagulated by albumen Dippel's animal oil mav he counteracted with dilute acids and the fixed oils. The other oils have no par-ticular antidotes, and their effects must, therefore, be counteracted upon general principles.	No better mode of recngnizinn these substances exists, than that derived from their peculiar odour Dippel's oil has the pungent odour of ammonia ; creasote and oil of tar, a peculiar smell of smoke; the odour of tobacco and turpen-tine are well known; and fusel nil has a peculiar, offensive, buf-focating odour.
GASES. Carbonic Arid, or Fii ed Air. Carbonic Oxide. Fumes of Burn-ing Charcoal. Chlorine. Sulphuretted Hy-drogen.	Chlorine produces, when inhaled, violent irritation of the organs of respira-tion ; cough, bloody expec-toration, inflammation of the lungs, and permanent pulmonary disease. The other gases, although pro-ducing some effect on the respiratory organs, act as poisons in consequence of their sedative agency. The symptoms, therefore, are ihnse of apoplexy, or nar-cotic poisoning.	The antidotes to chlorine are the cautious inhalation of ammonia, or sulphuret-ted hydrogen. The inflam-matory symptoms from chlorine to he treated on general principles. For the other gases, cold affusions to the head, blood-letting, artificial respiration.	Chlorine is recognized by its peculiar odour and bleaching pro-perties. Sulphuretted hydrogen. by its fetid smell, and the rapid blackening of lead. Carbonic acid, hy its occasioning tnrbiil-ness in lime-water placed in its atmosphere. Carbonic oxide, by the blue colour of its flame.
IODIXE. Iodide of Potas-sium.	Irritant symptoms; burn-ing pain in the throat, lace-rating pain in the stomach, and fruitless efforts to vo-mit ; suffusion of the eyes ; excessive pain and tender-ness of the epigastrium.	Iodine combines with starch, and forms an insolu-ble compound. The prompt administration of starch, wheat flour, or other vege-table matter containing fe-cula, beat up in water, is recommended. Iodide of potassium has no antidote. Vomiting should be pro-moted hy draughts of warm water,and inflammation be subdued by general treat-ment.	Iodine is known by its odnur, and the formation of a blue pre-cipitate, when brought in contact with a cold solution of starch. Iodide of potassium gives a crys-talline precipitate, with tartaric acid in excess. The supernatant fluid will give the blue colour to starch.
METALS. Antimony. Tartar Emetic. Chloride, or But-ter of Antimony. Oxide of Anti-mony.	Vomiting. If vomiting do not occur promptly, vio-lent irritant effectR are produced. Burning pain in the pit of thp stomach; Purging; colicky pains, sense of tightness in the throat, violent cramps; re-peated recurrence of vomit-ing.	If vomiting have not been produced, it should be brought about by tickling the fauces, and adminis-tering copious draughts of warm water. Astringent infusions, such as of galls, oak hark Peruvian hark. act as antidotes, and should be given promptly; pow-dered yellow hark may be used, until the infusion is prepared.	Antimony in solution is hot distinguished by the peculiar orange red precipitate, whi'li il forms with sulphuretted hydro-gen or solutions of the hydr"s'il-phates. Free alkalies prrw'nce white precipitates. The muriate is known by a white prerjpilalc when it is poured into water In its solid forms it mav be known bv the formation of white fumes when heated, which redden lit mus. It may also he converted into chloride, and then precipi tated by adding water.
 
POISONS
735
POISONS
Arsenious Acid,
or White Arsenic.

Orpiment. or Yel-
  low  Sulphuret
  of Arsenic.

  King's Yellow,

Renltrnr. or  Red
  Sulphuret   of
  Arsenic.

  Fly Powder.

bolster's Solution.

Arsenical Paste.

  Arsenical Soap.

Arsenite of  Cop-
      per,
  Scheele's Oreen.
     KlSMUTH.

 Nitrate of  Bis-
      muth.

   Pearl Powder,

 Oxide of Bismuth.

     Copper.
 Sulphate of Copper
   Blue Vitriol.

 icetate of Copper,
    Verdigris.
 Carbonate of Cop-
       per,
  Blue  Verditer.

 Arsenite of Capper
| Scheele's  Green,
| Fond  cooked in
  dirty copper ves-
  sels, or  pickles
  made  green by
I  copper.
  Violent burning pain  in
the region of Ihe stomach
and bowels;  tenderness on
pressure ;  retching: vomit-
ing; sense of dryness and
tightness   in  the  throat;
thirst; hoarseness and diffi-
culty of speech;  the matter
vomited,  greenish  or yel-
lowish, sometimes slrea-ked
with  blood ;  diarrhcea ;  te-
nesmus; sometimes excori-
ation of the anus; urinary
organs occasionally affected
with violent  burning  pains
and suppression ;  convul-
sions ami cramps; clammy
sweats; lividity of the ex-
tremities; countenance col-
lapsed; eyes red and spar-
kling; delirium; death.
Treatment.
  Similar to those produced
from other irritant poisons.
General  inflammation  of
the whole alimentary canal;
suppression  of urine; hic-
cough, disagreeable metal-
lic taste; vomiting; cramps;
delirium : death.
Tests.
  The hydrated peroxide of
iron  diffused  through  iva-
ler; or the precipitated  car-
bonate; or the rubigo ferri,
in very fine powder, to be
administered every five or
ten minutes, until relief is
obtained.  This isparticu-j
larly efficacious when  the
white arsenic has been swal-
lowed.  If the arsenic have
been  taken  in  the  form
of Fowler's Solution, lime-
water, in copious draughts,
may be given.   For either
of the other forms, emetics
of sulphate  of zinc; dilu-
ents;  demulcents, such as
flaxseed  tea,  infusion of
slippery elm, &c.  Counter-
irritants may be used to re-
lieve the spasm, and violent
pain in the stomach. Bleed-
ing, as promoting  absorp-
tion,  should  not  be  em-
ployed until the stomach is
completely evacuated.
  Milk, and sweet mucila-
ginous  drinks  are recom-
mended.  Leeches, general
bleeding;  glysters;  fomen-
tations  to  be employed on
the  general  principles of
treatment for inflammatory
symptoms.
  Very similar to those pro-1   Albumen to be adminis-
duced by arsenic.  Coppery  tered in either of its forms
eructations and  taste.  Fa- , which can be most  readily
tal cases are generally ter-  obtained, as milk or whites
minated  bv  convulsions,  of eggs.  Vinegar  should
palsy, insensibility.        I tio* he given.  The inflam-
                          I matory symptoms are to be
                           treated  on general  princi-
                           ples, and so of the nervous.
  If the suspected substance can
be obtained  free  from  organic
matter, the presence of arsenic
may readily be shown  by boiling
it in distilled water, tillering, and
testing with,  1st.   Ammoniac"-
sulphate  of copper.  -2d. Amino.
niaco-nilratc of silver.   (Hnrne'.<
Ttst; 3d. Sulphuretted  hydrogen
gas  The first will produce agreen
precipitate; second, a pale yellow
precipitate; third, a bright yellow
precipitate, if arsenic be present.
A portion of Ihe powder, or one of
these precipitates, carefully and
thoroughly dried,  is then  to be'
mixed with charcoal and  exsic-
cated carbonate  of  soda,  to he
placed in a small glass tube, closed
at one end, and then to be heated
to a red heat in the flame of a
lamp.   The  arsenic will  be  re
duced, and sublime in the i?pper
part of the tube, forming a (lark
crust, having considerable lustre
on   its  exterior surface, resem-
bling polished  steel.   By  gently
heating this crust in  a very small
flame, crystals of white arsenii
will be  formed,  having a high
adamantine lustre.
  If organic matter be present, it
must be  entirely destroyed, by
heating the substance with nitro-
muriatic acid. After this has been
done, and a clear, transparent so-
lution in distilled water has been
obtained, the subsequent process
is as above indicated. If arsenious
acid be submitted to the  action
of nascent hydrogen, it is deox-
idized, and the metallic arsenic.
thereby obtained, combining with
hydrogen, forms arsenurettcd hy-
drogen gas.  (Marsh's Test.)
  Add to a suspected solution a
few drops of  pure  chlojohydric
acid, and place in it a slipof bright
copper;  no change  occurs until
the liquid is brought to the boiling
point, when, if arsenic be present,
evejn in small quantity, the copper
acquires  an  iron-gray  coating,
from the deposit  of  that  metal.
Remove  the slip of copper; wash
it in water, dry it and gradually
heat it in a reduction tube, when
arsenious  acid will  be sublimed
in   min»ite octohedral  crystals.
The test succeeds  with powdered
arsenic,the arsenites, arsenic acid,
the arseniates, and orpiment. It
will  even  separate  the arsenic
from arsenite of copper, and from
common lead-shot. Reinseh'sTsst.

  Bismuth is known by the forma-
tion of a white precipitate, when
its  solution  in  nitric acid  is
poured  into water; and  by  the
formation  of a black  precipitate
with sulphuretted hydrogen gas,
and hydrosulphates in solution.
  The presence of copper is rea-
dily  shown  in  solutions.  By
ammonia a beautiful bluish preci-
pitate  is  thrown down, which
dissolves in an  excess of the pre-
cipitant, and the solution  has  a
rich  blue  colour.  A bright iron
bar, introduced into solutions of
ropper.  occasions the separation
of the copper, in a metallic form,
which  deposits  itself  upon the
iron. 
POISONS
73G
POISONS
    Poisons.


     Gold.

Chloride of Gold.

  Fulminating
     Gold.



     Iron.

Sulphate of Iron,
    Copperas.
 Green Vitriol.

Chloride of Iron.
     Le*d.
 Acetate of Lead,
 Sugar of Lead.
Carbonate of Lead,
   IVatte  Lead.
Red Oxide, or Red
     Lead.
   Litharge.

Wines  sweetened
    by Lead.
Water  which has
  been   kept  in
  Leaden vessels.
Acid food, cooked
  or left standing
 m vessels glazed
 with Lead.

   Mercury.
Corrosive Subli-
     mate.

Cyanide  of  Mer-
     cury.

Nitrate of  Mer-
     cury.

WhitePrecipitate.

Red Oxide., or Red
   Precipitate.

Sulphate, or  Tut
  bith Mineral.

Vermilion.or Red
   Sulphuret.
    Silver.
Nitrate of Silver,
  or Lunar Caus-
  tic.
      Tin.
 Chloride of Tin
Solution  of  Tin,
 used by Dyers.
Oxide of Tin, or
 Putty Powder.
Sulphate of Zinc,
  White Vitriol.

 Acetate of Zinc.
Symptoms.
  Very analogous to those
of other irritant  poisons.
This  substance communi-
cates a pink  stain  to  the
flesh, and patches  of that
colour may be found  about
the  lips,  and  inside  the
mouth.

  S\ mptoms of irritant poi-
soning;  colic  pains,  con-
stant vomiting and purging.
Violent pain in the throat,
tension ofthe epigastrium.
coldness  of the skin, and
feebleness ofthe pulse.
  Irritation of the alimen-
tary canal; spasm; nervous
symptoms; paralysis, either
partial or complete.  When
taken  for some time,  in
small quantity, violent and
obstinate colic:  rigidity  of
abdominal muscles,cramps;
remission of  pain; obsti-
nate constipation, urine  di-
minished, saliva increased ;
countenance anxious  and
gloomy.   If relief be not
promptly  obtained,  giddi-
ness, debility, torpor, coma.
convulsions and death.  The
paralysis  affects generally
the upper extremities.

  Violent symptoms of irri-
tant poisoning; harsh uie-
tallicastringent taste; burn-
ing pain  in  the  stomach;
vomiting  and purging fre-
quently of bloody matter;
often  irritation of the uri-
nary organs, and sometimes
suppression ; lightness and
burning in the throat, occa-
sionally so great as to pre-
vent  speech;  countenance
not always pale, but some-
times flushed; tendency to
doze ;  stupor, convulsions
and death.
  Those  of other irritant
poisons.
  The salts of gold are de-
composed  by  sulphate of
iron; and  this  has, there-
fore, been  recommended as
an antidote. Inflammatory
symptoms  to  he treated on
general principles.
  Carbonate of so la would
be a  most  excellent anti-
dote  to  either  of  these
substances.   Mucilaginous
drinks might  also be em-
ployed; and paiticularsymp-
toms  relieved  by  general
treatment.

  Sulphate of magnesia and
phosphate of soda are both
good antidotes for the solu-
ble salts of lead.   For  the
solid forms, dilute sulphuric
acid may be drunk.  These
are applicable  to the irri-
tant forms of poisoning by
lead.   In  the chronic form,
or colica pictonum, purga-
tives  and anodynes are re-
sorted to ; venesection ; and
external applications to re-
lieve the cramps.  The  use
of strychnia  is recommended
for the paralysis.
  Albumen, in some form,
must  be promptly adminis-
tered; either white of eggs
beaten up with water, milk,
or wheat  flour beaten up.
The  inflammatory  symp-
toms to  be  counteracted by
the usual  means.    Gold,
finely mixed in dust,  with
fine iron filings. (?)
                                                        The free alkalies differ in their
                                                      precipitates from solutionsof mer-
                                                      cury.  Potassa gives, with corro-
                                                      sive  sublimate, a yellowish one;
                                                      ammonia, a while; lime-water, an
                                                      orange; and  sulphuretted hydro-
                                                      gen,  a black.   If a drop ofthe so-
                                                      lution  he placed  on a  piece of
                                                      gold, and touched with a knife or
                                                      key,  Ihe mercury  will be reduced,
                                                      which ainalgamales with the gold,
                                                      producing a white spot.   The ni-
                                                      trate  of mercury gives  a black
                                                      precipitate with the free alkalies.
                                                      All the solid forms of mercury are
                                                      volatile,  and  may be reduced by
                                                      heating them in a glass tube with
                                                      charcoal  and carbonate of soda,
                                                      when the metallic mercury will
                                                      sublime, and  may be collected in
                                                      a globule.

                                                        Nitrate ofsiher is distinguished
                                                      hy the formation  of  a while pic-
                                                      cipitate, insoluble in nitric, acid,
                                                      with chloride of  sodium; a gray
                                                      precipitate with ammonia, which
                                                      is redissolved in an excess of am-
                                                      monia;  yellow precipitate Willi
                                                      phosphate of soda. The precipi-
                                                      tate of chloride of silver, obtained
                                                      by adding muriate of soda to the
                                                      nitrate  of silver, is readily re-
                                                      duced, and the metallic silver ob-
                                                      tained, by mixing it with dilute
                                                      sulphuric acid a nd granulated zinc.

  The  same as those from    Milk to be given copious-    The chloride precipitates vege-
other irritant  poisons, and  ly,   and  the  subsequent  table colouring matter; also alhu-
a peculiar  tanned  appear-  treatment to  be  regulated  men  and gelati i.  The white oxide
  Chloride of sodium,  or
common salt, immediately
decomposes this substance,
and  destroys  its  activity.
Antiphlogistic treatment is
to be employed for the in-
flammatory symptoms.
Tests.
  Chloride of gold is very readily
decomposed, and the gold sepa
rated in a metallic state.  I'roln-
sulphate of iron, nitrate of silver
and  protnchloride  of tin.  nil an-
swer this  purpose.   The precipi-
tated powder will be found insolu-
ble, except in nitro-iuuriatic acid.

  Iron is  recognised bv a bluish
black precipitate, with  tincluie
of galls; rich blue, wiib prussiaie
of potassa ; and a  greenish  nr
reddish precipitate, with the free
alkalies or their carbonates.
  Soluble salts  of lead  yield a
white  precipitate with sulphates
and carbonates in solution, .-silts
of chromic acid  and iodide of po-
tassiuui occasion a yellow preci-
pitate.   Sulphuretted  hydrogen,
a black precipitate.  If solid, tlic
lead may  be  converted   into a
state of solution by nitric acid.
and the dilute solution be tested
as above.
- r-------  —.......-  "ee *•-  -■-...........
ance of the villous coat of  by the symptoms.
the stomach.
is precipitated from its solution hy
free alkalies; with sulphuretted
hydrogen gas. a brown precipitate.
  Violent vomiting; astrin-   The vomiting may he re-   A white precipitate is thrown
gent taste, burning pain in lieved by copious draughts down hy  lhe  free alkalies  from
the stomach;  pale counte- of warm water.  Carbonate the soluble  salts of zinc, wbicli
nance;  cold  extremities; of soda, administered in so- becomes yellcw  when strongly
dull  eves;  fluttering pulse, lotion, will decompose the heated—recovering its uhiie co-
Death' seldom ensues,  in sulphate of zinc.   Milk and lour  on  cooling.  Sulphuretted
consequence of the emetic albumen also act as anti- hydrogen  occasions a  white pre
effects.                     dofs.   General  principles cipitate.
                           to be observed in the subse- (
                           quenl treatment._____________________ 
POISONS
737
POISONS
Poisons.	Symptoms.	Treatment.	Tests.
PHOSPHORUS.	Symptoms of irritant poi-soning; pain in the stomach and bowels; vomiting, diar-rhoea, tenderness and ten-sion of the abdomen.	An emetic to be prompt-ly administered; copious draughts containing mag-nesia in suspension ; muci-laginous drinks; general treatment for inflammatory symptoms.	Phosphorus is known by its ready inflammability, luminous-ness at ordinary temperatures, and alliaceous odour.
GLASS or ENA-MEL.	If taken in very coarse powder, it produces irrita-tion and inflammation of the bowels.	Large quantities of crumb of bread should be eaten, to envelop the particles. (?) An emetic of sulphate of zinc should then he given, and vomiting be promoted by demulcent drinks.	
II.  ORGANIC   POISONS.
   I. VEGETABLE  POISONS.
Irritant Poison3.
 Anemone Pulsatilla.  Wind Flower.
 Arum viaculiitum.  Wake Robin.
 Rryonia dioira.   Bryony.
 Ualadium seguinium.  Dumhcane.
 Calla palustris.   Water Arum.
 Caltha palustris.  Marsh Marigold.
 t'ln lidonium majus.  Celandine.
 Clematis vitalba.  Virgin Bower.
 Convolvulus jalapa.  Jalap.
 Convolvulus scammonia.   Scammony.
 Croton tiglium.   Purging Croton.
 Cucumis colocynthis.  Colocynth.
 Cyclamen Kuropaium.  Sow Bread.
 Daphne gnidium.  Spurge Flax.
 Daphne mezereum.  Mezereon.
 Delphinium staphisagria. Stavesacre.
 Dioica palustris  Swamp leather-wood.
 Eqiiisetum hyemale.  Scourgrass.
 Euphorbia  officinarum.   Euphorbium.
   Simrge
 tJrntinla officinalis.  Hedge Hyssop.
 Ilippouinne mancinella.   Manchineel.
 Ultra crepitans.   Sand Box.
 Hydrocotyle vulgaris. Marsh Pennywort.
 Jatiopha curcas.  Indian Nut.
 Jatropha manihot.  Cassada.
 Juniperus subina.  Savin (oil of).
 Juniperus Virginiana. Bed Cedar (oil of.)
 Vfomnrdica  elaterium.   Squirting  Cu-
  cumber.
 \arrissus pseudo-narcissus.  Daffodil.
[ Pastinax satira.  Common Parsnep.
 Periicularis palustris.  Marsh Lousewort.
 Phytolacca deramlra.  Poke.
 Piper cubeba.  Cubebs.
 Plumbago F.uropcea.   Toothwort.
 Ranunculus acris,  and  other  species.
  Crowfoot.
 Rhododendron chrysanthemum Oleander.
 Ricinus communis.  Castor Oil Plant.
 Sainbiirus chains.  Elder.
 Seduin orrt.  Stone Crop.
 Stalagmilis rambogioidrs.  Gamboge.
 Tanacetum vulgare.  Tansy (oil of.)

         ACRO-NARCOTIC.
 .flthusa  ciinapirtm.   Common  Fool's
  Parsl.-y. '
 Aconitum napellus.  Monkshood.
 Agaricus. five species. Mushrooms (poi-
Symptoms.
soiunis)
    ...  anmnscaria. Truffles (poisonous),
  \nagallis arvensis.  Meadow Pimpernel.
  Anda  Gomesii.
  Apocynuni androsa-mrfolirim.  Dogsbane.
  Aristolochia clematitis.  Birthwort.
  Arnica montana.  Leopard's bane.
  Asclepias Siiriara.  Sw allow wort.
  Atmpa belladonna.  Deadly Night Shade.
  .llsiulus Ohioensis.  Buckeye
 Ururea antidysenterica.   False Angus-
i   turn Bark.
 IVrbern. three species.  Cerbera.
 Chiprophvllum si/tvestrc.   Bastard Heni-
|_Jock.  "      "____________________
  The general effects of this
rlass of vegetable  poisons
are; — an  acrid  pungent
taste, with more or less of
bitterness, excessive  heat.
great dryness of the mouth
and  throat, with sense of
tightness there ; violent vo-
miting,  the  efforts being
continued even   after the
stomach is emptied : purg-
ing,  with great pain in the
stomach and  bowels ; pulse
strong, frequent, and regu-
lar ;  breathing often quick
and  difficult; appearances
of intoxication ; the pupil of
the eye frequently  dilated,
insensibility    resembling
death;  the pulse  becomes
slow and loses its force, and
death closes the scene.
  If  applied  externally,
many of ihem produce  vio
lent  inflammation  of the
skin, with vesications or
eruptions of  pustules.
Treatment.
  If vomiting have been occasioned hy
the poison, and the efforts are still con-
tinued, they may be rendered easier by
large draughts of warm water, or thin
gruel ; but if symptoms of insensibility
have  come  on  without  vomiting, it
ought to be immediately excited by the
sulphate of zinc, or some other active
emetic substance, and after its opera-
tion a sharp purgative should be given
After as  much as possible ofthe poison
is got rid of. a very strong infusion  of
coffee, or vinegar diluted with water,
may be given with advantage.  Cam-
phor mixture with ether may be taken
frequently, and if insensibility be con-
siderable, warmth,  frictions, and  blis-
ters, may be  employed.  If  inflamma-
tion or other dangerous consequences
have  been  induced,  they  are to  be
treated upon general principles.
  The fruit of Feuillea Cordifolia has
been recommended  as a powerful an
tidote against  vegetable  poisons;  it
is to  he  used in  as recent a state  as
possible.  (?)
  IV. B. Bromine, chlorine, and iodine
are  said  to  be  antidotes to the alka-
loids generally.
■il 
POISONS
•18
toisons
Irritant Poisons.
Symptoms.
Treatment.
Chaillotia toricana.  Rathane.
Chenopodium murale.  Wormseed.
Cicuta maculata.   American Hemlock.
Cicuta virosa.   Water Hemlock.
Cissus.   Cissus.
Corrulus Indicus.  Fish berries.
Colchicum autumnale.  Meadow saffron.
Conium maculatum.   Hemlock.
Coriaria myrtifolia.   Myrtle-leaved Su-
  mach.
Curare.  Indian War Poison.
Cynanchum erectum.  Cynanchum.
Cvtis-is laburnum.  Laburnum.
Datura stramonium.   Thorn  Apple.
Digitalis purpurea.  Foxglove.
Ergot.  See Secale.
Ervum ervilia.  Bitter Vetch.
Gaultheria  procumbens.   Wintergreen
  (oil of).
Hiemanthus toxicarius.
Helleborus niger.  Black Hellebore.
Hvpophyllum  sanguinaria.   Paddock
  Stool.
Ipecacuanha.   Ipecacuanha.
Lathyrus cicera.   Lathyrus.
Laurus camphora.  Camphor.
Lobelia injlata,  Indian Tobacco.
Lolium temulentum.   Darnel.
Melia azrderach.   Pride of China.
Mercurialis perennis.  Mountain Mer-
  cury.
Nerum oleander.   Common Oleander.
Nicotiana tabacum.   Tobacco.
CEnanthe crocata.  Hemlock Dropwort.
Passiflora quadrangular is.  Barhadine.
Fiscidia eryihrina.  Jamaica Dogwood.
Polygala venenosa (of Java).
Rhus radicans.  Poison Vine.
Rhus toxicodendron.  Poison  oak, or Su-
  mach.
Robinia pseudo-acacia.  Locust Tree.
Ruta graveolens.  Rue.
Sanguinaria Canadensis.   Blood Root.
Scilla maritima.   Squill.   Sea Onion.
Secale enrntttum..  Ergot.   Spurred Rye.
Sium  latifolium.   Procumbent  Water
  Parsnep.
Spigelia Marilandica.  Pink Root.
Strychnos Ignalii.  St. Ignatius's Bean.
Strychnos nux. vomica.  Nux vomica.
Svmplocarpus/rerida.  Skunk Cabbage.
Ticunns   Extract of various plants —
  South America.
Tieute.   Upas Tieute.  Tree of Java.
 Triticum ffybernitm. Wheat (diseased.)
 Cpas antiar.   Tree in Java.
 Veratrum album.  While  Hellebore.
 Veratrum riride..   American Hellebore,
 Woornra.  War Poison of Guiana.
 Zea mays.  Maize (diseased).

             NARCOTIC.
 Actiea spir.nta.  Baneberry.
 Amygdalus enmmunis.  Bitter Almond.
 Amygdalus Persira.  Peach.
 Gelseminum nilidnm. Yellow Jessamine.
 Helonias erythresperma.   Fly Poison.
 Hyoscyamus albus.   White  Henbane.
 Hyoscyamus niger.   Black Henbane.
 Kalmia  latifolia.  Mountain Ivy.
 Lactuca virosa. Strong-scented Lettuce.
 Opium, and its proximate principles.
 Papaver somniferum.  Poppy.
 Paris quadrifolia.  Herb Paris.
 Prunus Carolinitina.  Wild Orange.
 Prunus Ittrtro-cerasus. Cherry Laurel.
 Primus nigra.  Black Cherry.
 Prunus padus.  Cluster Cherry.
 Prunus  Virginiana.  Wild Cherry.
 Solanum dulcamara.  Bitter-sweet.
 Sorbus acuparia.  Mountain Ash.
Taxus baccata. Yew.
The   narcotic   vegetable
poisons, if taken into the
stomach  or applied  to  a
wound, occasion the follow-
ingeffects :—stupor ; numb-
ness; heaviness in the head;
desire  to  vomit,  slight at
first, but afterwards insup-
portable;  a sort of intoxi-
cation, stupid air, pupil of
the eye dilated ; furious or
lively  delirium, sometimes
pain ;  convulsions  of dif-
ferent  parts ofthe body, or
palsy  of  the limbs.    The
pulse  is  variable, but at
first generally  strong  and
full; the breathing is quick,
and there  is great anxiety
and dejection, which, if not
 ipeediiy relieved, soon ends
 n death.
     POISONOUS MUSHROOMS.
i Agaricus muscarius.  Fly Agaric.
 Agaricus ptperatus.   Pepper Agaric.
I Agaricus necator.   Deadly Agaric.
j Agaricus bulbosus. Bulbous Agaric.
 Agaricus c.hantarellus.  Champignon.
  The stomach to be effectually ovarii
ated. by giving  four or five grains ol
tartar emetic, or from ten  to twenty
of the sulphate of zinc, repeated e\ery
quarter of an hour, till the full effect is
produced. These means may he assisted
by tickling the throat with a feather or
the finger.   Large and strong glysters
of soap dissolved in waler, or of sail
and gruel,  should be speedily adminis-
tered, to clear the bowels, and assist in
getting rid of the poison ; and active
purgatives may be given after the vo-
miting has ceased.  When as much as
possible of the  poison  has  been ex-
pelled, the patient may drink, altei-
nately. a tea-cupful of strong hot infu-
sion of coffee and vinegar diluted with
water.  If the  drowsiness, which is
sometimes extreme, and the insensi-
bility bordering on apoplex-y, be not
remedied by these means  blood may be
taken  from the jugular vein, blisters
may be applied to the neck and legs.
and the attention be  roused by every
means possible.   If the  heat declines,
warmth and frictions must  be  perse
veringly used.  Vegetable acids are on
no account to be  given before the poi-
son is expelled, and it is desirable that
but little fluid of any kind should be
administered.
  N. B. Bromine, chlorine, and iodine
are said to be antidotes to the alkaloids
generally
  Nausea, heat, and  pain
in the stomach and bowels,
with vomiting and purging,
thirst;  convulsions,  and
faintings; pulse small and
frequent; delirium ; dilated
  The stomach and bowels to be cleared
hy an emetic of tartarized  antimony,
followed by frequent doses of Glauber'*
or Epsomsalt, and  large, stimulating
glysters. After tbe poison isevacualcil
ether may be administered,  with snial 
POISONS           7"9           rOISONS
Poisons.	Symptoms.	Treatment.
	pupil, and stupor; cold sweats, and death. Poisonous mushrooms may be distinguished from the edible by their botanical characters, and by the fol-lowing criteria. The for-mer giow in wet, shady places, have a nauseous odour; are softer, more open, and porous; have a dirty-looking surface, some-times a gaudy colour, or many very distinct hues, particularly if they have been coveted with an enve-lope ; they have soft, bul-bous stalks, grow rapidly, and corrupt very quickly.	quantities of brandy and water; but if inflammatory symptoms manifest themselves, smh stimuli should be omitted, and other appropriate means be had recourse to.
2. ANIMAL  POISONS.
	Symptoms.	Treatment.
POISONOUS FISH. Balistes monoceros. Old wife. ('.-nicer astacus. Crawfish. Cancer ruricolus. Land Crab. Clupea thryssa. Yellow-billed Sprat. I'liiai-iiiiis/iijicus mn.;or. Gray Snapper. Cnracitius minor. Hyne. Cnn phirna splendens. Dolphin. Monnyra. Blue Parrot Fish. Muni-iia major. Conger Eel. ,Mvtilus edulis. Mussel. (isir-M-.ionglobetluni. SmoothBottleFish. Perca major. Barracuda. Perca venenosa. Grooper. Perca venenata. Rock Fish. Pbysalia. Portuguese Man of War. Scomber carruleus. Spanish Mackerel. Scomber maximus. King Fish. Scomber thynnus. Bonetta. Spams chrysops. Porgee. Tetrodon sceleratus. Tunny. Tetrodon ocellatus. Blower.	In an hour or two, or often in a much shorter time, after the fish has been eaten, a weight at the stomach comes on, with slight vertigo and headache, sense of heat about the head and eyes, considerable thirst, and often an erup-tion ofthe skin (urticaria), and in many cases death.	An emetic should be speedily adminis-tered, or, in the absence of it, vomiting may he excited, by tickling the throat with the finger, and taking large draughts of warm water. After full vo-miting, an active purgative should be given, to remove any of the noxious matter that may have found its way into the intestines. Vinegar and water may be drunk after the above remedies have operated, nnd the body may be sponged with the same. Water, made very sweet with sugar, to which ether may be added, may be drunk freely as a corrective, and a very weak solution of alkali has been recommended to obviate the effects of the poison. If spasm ensue; afier evacuations, laudanum, in considerable doses, is necessary. If in-flammation should occur, the usual means of removing it must be employed.
POISONOUS SERPENTS. Boa crotaloidcs. Copperhead. Cenchris morkeson, Mockeson. Cerastes nasicomis. Horned Viper of Western Africa. Coluber bents. Viper. Coluber prester. Black Viper. Crolalus, (5 species ) Rattle Snake Scytale piscivorus. Water Viper.	A sharp pain in the wounded part, which soon extends over the limb or hody; great swelling, at first hard and pale, then reddish, livid, and gangre-nous in appearance; faint-ings, vomitings, convul-sions, and sometimes jaun-dice; pulse small, frequent, and irregular; breathing difficult, cold sweats, the sight fails, and the intel-lectual faculties are de-ranged. In flam mat ion, and often extensive suppura-tion and gangrene, followed by death.	A cupping-glass to be applied over the wound, or a moderately tight ligature above the bites, and the wound left to bleed after being well washed with warm water; the actual cautery, lunar caustic. or butter of antimony, to he then applied freely to it, and afterwards covered w ith lint, dipped in equal parts of olive oil and spirit of hartshorn. The ligature to be removed if the inflammation he consi-derable. AVarin, diluting drinks, and small doses of ammonia or hartshorn, to cause perspiration ; the patient to be well covered in bed,and a little warm wine given occasionally. If gangrene be threat-ened, wine may be given more freely, and the bark should be had recourse to. Arse-nic, the principal ingredient in the Tan-jore Pill, has been strongly recommended.
CANTHARIS VESICATORIA. Spanish, or Blistering Fly. Lytta vittata. Potato Fly.	Nauseous odour of the breath; acrid taste; burn-ing heat in the throat, sto-mach, and abdomen ; fre-quent vomitings, often bloody, with copious bloody stools; excruciating pain in the stomach; painful and obstinate priapism, with heat in the bladder, and strangury or retention of urine; frightful convul-sions, delirium and death.	Vomiting to be excited by drinking sweet oil, sugar and water, milk, or lin-seed tea, very freely. Emollient glys-ters should be administered, and if symptoms of inflammation of the sto-mach, kidney, or bladder supervene, they must be subdued by appropriate treatment. Camphor dissolved in oil may be rubbed over the belly and the thighs.
VF.XOMOl'S INSECTS Tarantula. Scorpio. Scorpion. Vespa t-rabro. Hornet. \ espa vulgaris. Wasp. Apis mellifica. Bee. Culex pipirns. Gnat. CEslrus bovis. Gad-fly.	In general, the sting of these insectsoccasions only a slight degiee of pain and swelling; but occasionally the symptoms are more vio-lent, and sickness and fever are produced by the inten-sity of the pain.	Hartshorn and oil may be robbed on the affected part, and a piece of rag, moistened in the same, or in salt and water, may be kept upon it till the pain is removed. A few drops of hait*horn maybe given frequently in a little water, and a glass or two of wine may be taken. The sting may. in general, be removed bv making strong pressure around it w ith the barrel of a small watch-key.
 
POISON
740
POLIOSIS
SALIVA OF THE RABID DOG.
Symptoms.
  At an uncertain interval
after  the  bile,  generally,
however,    between   Ihe
twentieth day and three or
four months, pain or unea-
siness occurs in  the  bitten
part,  though the  wound
may have been long healed.
Anxiety,  uneasiness, lan-
guor,  spasms, horror, dis-
turbed sleep, difficult respi-
ration  succeed,  and  are
soon very much  increased ;
violent convulsions affect
the whole body, hideously
distorting  the muscles  of
the face;  the eyes are red
and protruded, the  tongue
swells and often hangs out,
and viscid saliva flows from
the mouth; there is pain in
the stomach, with  bilious
vomitings.a horror of fluids,
and impossibility of drink-
ing them.   All these symp-
toms are aggravated  till the
sufferer is relieved by death.
  Hydrophobia is more easily prevented
than cured; indeed, it is d-nlucd whe-
ther it ever has been rureu.  Mercury,
arsenic, opium, musk, camphor,  acids!
wine, vegetable and  mineral alkali  oil!
various herbs, and many other  reme-
dies whose effects  are  quite opposite,
have been employed, but  none run he
relied  on.   Large  blood-lettings,  the
warm and cold hath, and  almost  every
other remedial  agent, have  been tried
without success
  The bitten part should he  completely
cut out. even  after it  has  healed, if the
symptoms have not yet co..... on ;  the
part should then be  immersed in  warm
water  or be washed with it as long ns it
will bleed,  and, after ihe most  perse.
vering ablution, caustic should  be  ap-
plied to every pari of the surface, and
then the wound covered  with a pnullice.
and suffered to heal by granulation.
  No milder discipline can  ensure safety.
  The most energetic poisons are used therapeu-
tically, and often with  considerable  advantage.
They have,  of course, to be  administered in ex-
tremely  small  doses,  to  avoid producing poi-
soning.
  Poison, Arrow, see Arrow poison — p.  Berry
tree, Melia azedarach — p. Hemlock, Conium.
  Poison, Italian, Liquor arsenicalis — p. Mor-
bid, Virus.
  Poison Oak,  Rhux toxicodendron — p.  Root,
Cicuta maculata.
  Poison, Sausage, Allantotoxicum—p.  Vege-
table,  Upas.
  Poison Vine, Rhus radicans.
  POISONING, Vencfic"ium,  Toxica'tio, Intoxi-
ca'tio, Entoxis'mus,  Entoxicis'mus,  Pharmacei'a,
Mttlefic"iitm, Veneua'tion, (F.) Empoisonnemeitt,
Intoxication.  The art  of  applying a poisonous
substance to any of the textures  in a dose capa-
ble of  occasioning  more  or less serious  symp-
toms.   Rigorously speaking, therefore, if a phy-
sician, in treating any case, employs a deleterious
medicine in a small  dose, which, owing to  parti-
cular circumstances, produces unpleasant  symp-
toms,  he may  be said  to have poisoned.  The
term  is, however, generally  restricted to poison-
ing by design.
  Poisoning has also been used, by a few,  to de-
note  the series of  symptoms  resembling  those
produced by certain poisons, which occasionally
follow the use  of substances that are generally
innoxious.  Overloading the stomach with indi-
gestible food, has, for example, given occasion to
symptoms resembling those produced by  a nar-
cotic poison, and the effect has  been termed poi-
soning.
  Secret poisoning was, at one  time, practised as
an art.  It  consisted in administering medicines,
which should act  as slow poisons, and gradually
undermine the strength and life.  Its agency was
far from being so extensive as was imagined.
  POI'SONOUS.  Tox'ical, Nox'ius, (F.)  Toxique,
 Veneneux.  Having the qualities of a poison.
  POISONS,  ACRO-NARCOTIC,  P. narcotico-
acrid — p. Corrosive, P. acrid — p. Escharotic, P.
acrid — p. Irritating, P. acrid — p. Putrescent, P.
septic.  See Poison.
  POITRINAIRE, Phthisicus.
  POTTIilNE, Thorax.
  POIVRE D'EAU, Polygonum  hydropiper —
p. de Guinfe, Capsicum annuum—p. d'Inde, Cup-
sieum annuum—p. de Jamaique, see Myrtus pi-
menta— p. Long, Piper longum—p. de Moiue,
Vitex—p. Noir, Piper nigrum—p. Petit, Vitex—
p. d Queue, Piper cubeba—p. Sauvage, Vitex.
  POIX  BLANCHE, see Pinus  abies — p. de
Bonrgogne, see Pinus abies—p. Grasse,  see Pinus
abies—p.  Jaune, see  Pinus abies—p. Liquide,
see Pinus sylvestris—p. Minerale, Pissnsphnltum
—p. Minerale seoriacte, Asphaltum—p. Novate,
see Pinus sylvestris—p. Noire, see Pinus sylves-
tris.
  POKE, Phytolacca  decandra — p. Indian, Ve-
ratrum viride—p. Stink,  Dracontium fcetidum—
p. Weed, Phytolacca decandra, Veratrum viride.
  POLANIS'IA  GRA'VEOLENS, Clammy weed,
Stinkweed,  iVormiveed, Clammy Musturil, False
mustard, from iroXvs, ' many,' and avtcos, 'unequal,'
in reference to its stamens.  An indigenous plant,
Ord. Capparidaceae, Sex.  Syst.  Dodecandria  Mo-
nogynia, which blossoms in summer, and is found
in every part of  North America.  To the whole
plant have been ascribed anthelmintic properties.
  POLAR  PLANT, Silphium  laciniatum.
   POLECAT WEED, Dracontium fcetidum.
  POLEMO'NIUM  REPTANS,  False  Jacob'»
Ladder,  Greek  Vale'rian,  Sweat-root.   Order,
Polemoniaceae;  indigenous, flowering in May;
has  been used  as a diaphoretic and expectorant.
   POLENTA,  Alphiton.
   POLES,  Chalaza;.
   POLEY MOUNTAIN, OF CANDY, Teucrium
Creticum—p. Mountain of Montpelier, Teucrium
capitatum.
   POLIA'TER,  from  iroXts, 'a town,' and tarpos,
'a physician.'  A  physician exercising his  pro-
fession in a town, by the appointment of the go-
vernment. — Castelli.
   POLICE', MEDTCAL, Politi'a med'iea, Foli-
tobiotherapi'a, Medicina polit'icrt, Ordo niedic"r-
na'lis, Polit'ical med'icine, (F.) Police medicate
ou  sanitaire.   Hygienic  rules  established, or
which ought to be established, for the prevention
of disease, and to  contribute to the progress of
medicine.   The  salubrity of districts, especially
during the existence of  spreading  disease, ia
greatly ensured by an efficient medical police.
   POLICLINTCA,  from  iroXis, 'a town,'  and
tcXn-v, 'a bed.'   Treatment of diseases in  a town.
   POLIO'SIS, Tricho'sis polio'sis, Spilo'sis puli- 
POLIOTES               7
o'sis,  Pollutes,  Ctinil'ies, from  -homos,  'hoary,
gray.'  Hair prematurely gray or hoary.  The
state of becoming  gray,  gray-haired, Poliot'ri-
chus.
  POLTOTES, Poliosis.
  POLIOTRICIIOS, see Poliosis.
  POLITTA MEDICA, Police, medical.
  POLITOBIOTJIEHAPIA, Police, medical.
  POLIUM CAPITATUM, Teucrium capitatum
— p. Creticum, Teucrium  Creticum — p. Monta-
num. Teucrium capitatum.
  1'OIiL, Head.
  POLLEN, (L.)  Pollen, Pollis.  iraXrj,  'dust.'
Tbe fecundating dust contained in the anthers of
flowers, which is dispersed on the stigma.  It is
conveyed to the ovary through the stigma by the
 Pollen tube, Tubus pollirlicus, (F.) Boyau pol-
liiiique.
  POLLEX, genitive Pol'licis, An'ticheir, Pronl-
onus, l)ig"itus primus  seu magnus, Alius pollex,
 Thumb, (Prov.) Thame, Tom-toe, from pollere, 'to
have much  strength.'  (F.) Pouce.  The first of
the fingers  in size  and strength.   It is  asserted
that the term poltroon is derived  from  pollice
 truiica'to; — the  Romans  who were desirous  of
being exempted from military service being ac-
 customed to cut off the thumb, and thus render
 themselves unfit to  handle arms.
  Pollkx. see Digitus.
  Pollux Pkois, Hallus, Hallux.   The great toe.
  POLLINC'TOR,  Pollinc'ter, (L.)  In antiquity,
nn nnointer, dresser, or embalmcr of the  dead.
  POLLINCTURA, Embalming.
  POLLIS, Pollen.
  POLLOCK, see Oleum jecoris aselli.
  POLLOD'IC, Pol tod'icus ;  from noXvs,  'many,'
 and 'olios, 'a way.'  An epithet proposed by Dr.
 Marshall Hall for a course of nervous action pro-
 ceeding from  one point, in many directions, to
 every other.
  POLLOM, LITTLE, Polygala paucifolia.
  POLLU'TION, Pollu'tio, from  polluo, pollu-
tion, 'to profane.'   The excretion of the  seminal
liquor or sperm, or  the production  or orgasm in
male or female, at other times than during coition.
When occasioned by a voluntary act, it is called
pimply Pollution or Masturbation, (F.) Souillure ;
when excited during sleep, by lascivious  dreams,
it takes the  name Nocturnal pollution, Exoneiro'-
sis, Oneirog'mos, Oneirog'onos, Oneirogonorrhtv'a,
Exoneirog'mus, Sperniatoclem'ma, Spermatoclep'-
sis, Spermatolep'sis, Spermatolip'sis,  Gonorrhoea
(lormien'tinm seu oneirog'onos seu vera seu libidi-
iio'so, Profiu'viitm senlinis, Spermatorrhoc'ii, Pa-
ronir'ia salax, Night pollution, (F.) Pollution in-
vol out aire.
  POLLUTION INVOLONTAIRE, Pollution
—p. Nocturnal, Pollution—p. Self,  Masturbation
—p. Voluntary, Masturbation.
  POLONYCH'IA,  Polyomjeh'ia,  from  iroXvs,
'many,'and ovv£, ovvyos, 'a nail.'   The condition
of having supernumerary  nails,—a rare congeni-
tal monstrosity.
  POLT-FOOT, see Kyllosis.
  POLY, Pnli/s, iroXvs, ' many, much, full.' Hence:
  POLYACTIUM  TRISTE, Pelargonium triste.
  POLY/EM IA, Plethora.
  POLY.EMIC, Plethoric.
  POLY.EMICUS, Plethoric.
  POLYANILEMIA, Anwmia.
  POL VANHEMIE, Amoinia.
  POLYANTH'ES  TUBERO'SA, Amarueachu.
Ord. Lili:ice<¥.  The root is  cut  into slips and
laid upon the  bites of serpents By  the Peruvian
Indians.
  POLYBLEN'NIA, from poly, and jiXtvva, 'mu-
cus.'  Excessive secretion of mucus.
  P0LYB11EP1I1A, Preguaucy, complex.
41                POLYGALA
    POLYTARP^E, from poly, and tcapiros, 'fruit.'
  A divicion of cutaneous diseases  of  the family
  Eczematosen, of  Fuchs,  including  Psoriasis,
  Lichen, Herpes, and Impetigo.
    l'OLY'CERAS,  from poly, and Ktpas, 'horn.'
  A monstrous animal having many horns.—Gurlt.
    POLYCTIOL'IA,   Pericltol'ia,   Hyperchol ia,
  from poly, and x°Xn, ' bile.'  Superabundance of
  bile; such as is supposed  to  exist  in bilious
  fevers.
    POLYCHREST'US, frora poly, and xpi?(rro<r,
•  'useful.'  Having  many  virtues.   An ancient
  name for certain medicines considered to be use-
  ful in many diseases.
    POLYCHRONIUS, Chronic.
    POLYCHY'LIA, from poly, and ^vXos, 'juice.'
  Polijchifimia.   Fulness of juices.
    POLYCHYMIA,  Polychylia —p.  Sanguinea,
  Plethora.
    l'OLYCLIN'ICA, from poly, and kXivij, 'bed.'
  Provided with many  beds;—as an hospital.
    POLYCOR'IA, from poly, and Kopn,  'the  pu-
  pil.'  The state in which there is more than  one
  pupil.—Yon Ammon.
    POLYCRINOSES, see Profluvium.
    POLYCYE'.SIA, Po/ycye'sis,  from  poly, and
  nvrjo-ts, 'pregnancy.'  Frequent or quickly recur-
  ring pregnancies: also, compound pregnancy.
    POLYCYTHEMIA, from poly, kvtos, 'a cell,'
  and 'atpa, 'blood.'   A condition  of the blood in
  which there is an increase of the red corpuscles.
    POLYDACTYLIES,  Perissodac'tylus,   from
  poly, and ouktvXos, ' a finger.'   One  who has a
  supernumerary finger or fingers, or toes.
    POLYDIPSIA,  from poly, and  ot^r,, 'thirst;'
  Sitis morbo'sa seu  inten'sn, Po/ypo'sia,  Dipso'sis
  averts. Excessive thirst, (F.)  So if excessire. A
  constant desire for  drinking, with a sense of dry-
  ness in the mouth and throat. It is mostly symp-
  tomatic of fever, inflammation, dropsy, excessive
  discharges, etc., and is so much a part of diabetes,
  that it has been called Polydipsia.
    POLYG'ALA, from poly, and yaXa,  'milk ;' P.
  vulga'ris. Common Milkwort.  Ord. Polygalacea?.
  Sex. Syst. Diadelphia Octandria.   The leaves are
  bitter, and are used in the same cases as tbe Poly-
  gala amara.
    Polygala Ama'ra, P. amarella seu vulga'ris,
  Bitter Milkwort.  A powerful bitter ; and, conse-
  quently, tonic.  Its reputed virtues are balsamic,
  demulcent, and corroborant.  The Polygala  ru-
  bella, or BitteJ-  Polygala of the  United States,
  has  the same  virtues.
    Polygala  Amarella,  P.  amara — p. Bitter,
  see  P. amara — p. Grandiflora, P. senega.
    Polyg'alA Papcifo'lia,  Triclisper'rna gran-
  difio'ra. Dwarf Milkwort,  Little Pollorrr, Ever-
  green  Snakeroot, (F.) Po/i/ga/e naine, possesses
  the  same  properties as P. Senega.
    Polyg'ala Sf.n'kga. P. Virginia'na seu gran-
 .d!/lo'ra, Seileka, Rattlesnake Milkwort, Senega
  or Rattlesnake root, (F.) Poll/gate de Virginie ou
  de Seneka.  The bark  is the active part of tbe
  root, Senega  (Ph.  U. S.).  Its  taste  is at  first
  acrid, and afterwards very hot and pungent. It
  was once esteemed  to be specific  against the poi-
  son  of the rattlesnake and  in pleurisy, pneumo-
  nia, <fec, after the inflammatory action  had  been
  got  under.  It  has been given also in humoral
  asthma, chronic rheumatism, dropsy, croup, amen-
  orrhcea, &c.   According to Peschier, it contains
  three particular  principles, Pnlyg'aline  or Sen'e-
  gine, Isolusine, and  Polyg'alic  Acid.   Dose, gr.
  30 to 40 of the powder.
    Polygala  Serpknta'ria.  A  shrub of Caffra-
  ria,  tbe root of which  is considered by tbe natives
  as a sure  antidote against the bites of  venomous
  serpents. 
POLYGALACTIA
74 2
POLYPODIUM
  Polygala VirginIana, P. senega — p. Vulga-
ris P. amara.
  POLYGALACTIA, Polyga'lia, from poly, and
yaXa, yaXanros, 'milk.'  Superabundant  secretion
of milk ; galactia.
  POLYGALE NAINE, Polygala paucifolia —
p. de Virginie, Polygala Virginiana.
  POLYGALIA. Polygalactia.
  POLYGALINE, see Polygala senega.
  POLYTGONATUM,  Convallaria  polygonatum
—p. Anceps, Convallaria polygonatum—p. Cani-
culatum. Convallaria canaliculata—p. Latifolium,
Convallaria canaliculata — p. Multiflorum,  Con-
vallaria multiflora — p. Pubescens,  Convallaria
pubescens — p. Uniflorum, Convallaria polygona-
tum— p. Vulgare, Convallaria polygonatum.
   POLYG'ONUM, P. avicula're, from poly, and
yow, 'a knee or joint.'  P. centino'diiim seu erec'-
tum, Centino'dia, Centumno'dia, Sanguina'lis Cor-
riif'iola,   Sanguina'ria,  Knotgrass,  Knotwecd,
Bindweed,  Doorweed,  (F.)  Renou&e,  Trainasse,
 Centinode.   Ord.  PolygonaceiB.  Sex.  Syst. Oc-
tandria Trigynia.   This grass is  said to  be a
feeble^astringent.
   Polygonum Acre, P. hydropiper.
   Polygonum Amphib'ium, P. coccin'eum, Water
 Persica'ria, of Europe  and this country.   The
 roots  have been used like sarsaparilla, especially
 in diseases of the skin.
   Polygonum Bistor'ta, P. bistorto'i'des, Bistor-
 ta, Colttbrliia, Ofiic"inal Bistort, Great  Bistort or
 Snakeweed, (F.) Bistorte, Couleuvrine, Serpentaire
 rouge. The  root is a  powerful astringent and
 tonic; and, as such, has  been  used in internal
 hemorrhage, atonic  diarrhcea, ague, &a.  Dose,
 gr. xv to 3J.
   Polygonum Bistortoides, P. bistorta—p. Cen-
 tinodiuin.  P. aviculare.
   Polygonum Coccineum, P. amphibium.
   Polygonum  Divarica'tum ;  Eastern  Buck-
 wheat plant.   The roots, reduced to a coarse meal,
 are said to be much used as an article of diet by
 the Siberians.
   Polygonum Erectum, P.  aviculare.
   Polygonum  Fagop'yrum, Fagop'yrum,   F.
 esculent'um, Trit'icum Faglnum, Buckwheat, (F.)
 Sarrasin,  Ble noir.   The grain of this plant con-
 stitutes a  principal article of food with the inha-
 bitants of Russia, Germany, and Switzerland.  It
 is much used in the  United  States.
   Polygonum Hydrop'iper, P. acre seu hydro-
 piperoides (Pursh) seu puncta'tum, Hydrop'iper,
 Persica'ria  nrens,  Mercu'rius terres'tris,  Poor
 Man's Pepper,  Biting Arse-smart, Smartweed,
 Lakeweed, Water-pepper, (F.) Poivre d'eau, Per-
 sicairepoivree ou br&lante ou dere, Piment d'eau,
 Curage, Renouee acre.   The leaves of this plant
 have an acrid, burning taste, and resemble those
 of the arum.  They have been recommended as
 possessing antiseptic,  aperient, and diuretic vir-
 tues.  The fresh leaves have been applied exter-
 nally as a stimulating cataplasm.
    Polygonum Hydropiperoides, P. Hydropiper,
 P.  punctatum.   Polygonum hydropiperoides  of
 Michaux,  mild waterprper; indigenous; has  no
 acrid properties.
    Polygonum Persica'rta, Persicaria, P. minor
 seu mitis, Plumba'go, Lady's Thumb, Heart's ease,
 (Prov.) Redshanks, (F.) Persicaire douce.   This
 plant is said to possess vulnerary and antiseptic
 qualities.   It has been  given  in  wine to  arrest
 gangrene.
    Polygonum Puncta'tum, P. hydropipero'i' des,
  Water pepper of America, Smart meed, possesses
 similar properties to Polygonum hydropiper, and
 is occasionally used internally in gravel, and ex-
 ternally in chronic ulcers.  A fluidrachm  of the
 saturated  tincture has been extolled in amenor-
 rhcea.  See Polygonum hydropiper.
  Polyg'onum Virginia'num,  Wand-spiked Per-
sica'ria, Virgin'ia Bistort; indigenous; is astrin-
gent, diuretic, nnd tonic.
  POLYGROMA, Staphyloma.
  POLYHI'DRIA, Polyi'dria, Polyidrosis, from
poll/, and 'tipors, 'sweat.'   Excessive sweating.
  POLYHYDRIA, Hydrops.
  POLYHYPER1LEMIA, Plethora.
  POLYIDRIA,  Polyhidria.
  POLYIDROSIS, Polyhidria.
  POLYLYMPHIA, Anasarca.
  POLYMASTH'US, Plciomas'thus, from poly,
and paaSos, 'breast.'   A monster  having several
breasts. — Gurlt.   The condition has been called
Poli/ma'zia, Pleioma'zia, and Pleoma'zia.
  POLYMAZIA, see  Poly mas thus.
  POLYMEL'IAN, (F.) Polymtlien, from poly,
and peXos. 'a limb.' An epithet given to monsters
characterized by the insertion, in  a well formed
subject, of one  or more accessory limbs, accom-
panied, at times, by the  rudiments  of certain
other parts.—I. G. St. Hilaire.
  POLYMERIA, Polymerismus — p. Promiscua
translativa, Transposition of the viscera.
  POLYMERIS'MUS,  Polymer'ia, from poly,
and  pepos, 'apart.'  A  monstrosity, which con-
sists in the existence of supernumerary organs;
as a sixth finger of the hand.
  POLYNEURON, Plantago.
  POLYONYCHIA, Polonychia.
  POLYOP'SIA,  Polyopy, from  poly, and ot\ts,
'sight.'   Vision  is so called, when multiple or
manifold.
  POLYOPY, Polyopsia.
  POLYOREX'IA, from  poly, and optl-is. 'appe-
tite.'   Excessive  appetite  or hunger.  A  genus
in the  Gastroses of M. Alibert.
  POLY'PE'RIA, from poly,  and  irnpos, 'muti-
lated.'   Congenital  misconstruction  of various
parts or organs. — Good.
  POLYPHA'GIA,  Multivoran'tia, from pnly,
and qrayor, 'I eat.'   Voracity.  Faculty of eat-
ing  or subsisting on many kinds of food.  See
Boulimia.
  POLYPH'AGOUS, Polyph'agus, Multiv'oroim,
(F.) Polyphage.   Relating  or appertaining to
polyphagia.
  POLYPIIARMACI'A, Poly pharm'aey ; from
 poly,  and ^appasov, 'a medicine.'  The  prescrib-
ing of too many medicines. A prescription, con-
sisting of a number of medicines ; hence  the name
Polypliar'macus, (F.) Polypliurrnaque,  given to
one who is in the habit of prescribing a number
of medicines, and whose prescriptions are  loaded
with  ingredients.' The  term  is  taken in  bad
part.
   POLYPHARMAQUE, see Polypharmacia.
   POLYPHYSIA, Flatulence.
   POLYPIFORM CONCRETIONS, see Polypus.
   POLYPIONIA, see Polysarcia — p. Infantum,
 see  Polysarcia.
   POLYPIOSIS, see Polysarcia.
   POLYPLAS'TIC,  Polyplas'ticits,  from poly,
 and irXaaaor, ' I  form.'   That which has many
 shapes.
   Polyplastic  Element, in  histology,  is one
 which does not retain its  primary shape  : but un-
 dergoes transformation into others. — (urber.
   POLYPODI'TES.   Wine  impregnated  with
 polypody.
   POLYPO'DIUM,  P. Vulga're  seu Virginia'-
 num seu  pinnatifiidum, Filic'nla  dulcis, Commun
 Polypody, Fern  root,  Rock Brake, Brake  root,
 (F.) Foitgh-e donee.  Ord. Filices.  From poly,
 and tou;, iroSos, 'a foot,' owing to its many roots.
 This fern grows  in the  clefts of rocks, walls, &c,
 in both hemispheres. It was formerly regarded aa 
POLYPODY                743    POLYSTOMA  PINGUICOLA
 a cholagogue, and was given in head diseases.  It
 is not used now.
   Polypodium  Adiantiforme, see  Calagualae
 radix —p.  Ammifolium,  see   Calagualae  radix
 —p.  Argenteum, see  Calagualae radix —p. Ceta-
 rsecinum, P. incanum —p. Calaguala, Calagualae
 radix —p.  Coriaceum, see Calagualae radix—p.
 Dentatum,  Asplenium  filix  foemina — p. Filix
 foemina, Asplenium filix foemina.
   Polypo'dium Filix Mas, Aspid'ium sen Athyr'-
 itun sen Nephro'dittm seu Polys'ticum Filix Mas,
 A. dcpas'tum seu ero'sum, Filix pinna'ta, Pteris,
 Blechnou,  I'olyrrlii'zon,  Bluncnon Oriba'sii, Lon-
 chi'tis, FiUc'ula, Filix Mas, F. non  ramo'sa den-
 ttt'ta, Ncphro'dium crenatum, Polys'ticum callip'-
 teris, Male Polypody or  Fern,  (F.) Fouglre male.
 The  rhizoma of this plant, Filix Mas, Ph. U. S.,
 has been much  extolled as an anthelmintic, and
 in cases of  taenia.  It was the  basis of a once
 celebrated remedy—Madame Nouffer's—but, per-
 haps, more of the efficacy was  to be attributed to
 the  active  purgatives by which it  was followed
 than to the fern.  Dose, ^ij to ^iij of the pow-
 dered solid part of the root; followed in the morn-
 ing by a strong cathartic of  camboge or jalap.
 An ethereal extract has been proposed  by Dr.
 Peschier, of Geneva.
   Polypo'dium  Inca'num,  P.  cetarce'cinum,
 Acros'tichum pohjpodi aides,   Pol'ypody,  Rock
 Brake; indigenous; has been  considered demul-
 cent, cathartic and anthelmintic.
   Polypodium  Incisum, Asplenium filix  foemina
 —p.  Molle, Asplenium filix foemina—p. Pennati-
 fidum,  P.  vulgare — p.  Politum, see Calagualae
 radix — p. Trifidum, Asplenium filix foemina — p.
 Virginianum, P. vulgare — p. Vulgare, Polypo-
 dium.
   POLYPODY,  Polypodium  incanum—p. Com-
 mon, Polypodium vulgare—p.  Male, Polypodium
 filix  mas.
   POL'YPOID, Poltjpo'i'des ;  from  polypus, and
 eiios, ' form.' Having the shape of, or resembling,
 a polypus.
   POLYPORUS IGNIARIUS, Boletus igniarius
 —p.  Officinalis, Boletus laricis.
   POLYPO'SIA, iroXviroota, from poly, and -rocis,
 'drink.'  Great thirst — desire for drink.  Poly-
 dipsia.
   POL'YPOTOME, Polypot'omits, Polypus knife,
 from polypus,  and repvetv, 'to cut.'  An  instru-
 ment for the removal of  polypus by  excision.
   POL'YPOUS, Polypo'sus: same etymon as the
 next.   Relating, or belonging to, or resembling
 polypus.
   POL'YPUS, Pseudometumorpho'sis polypo'sa,
 from  iroXvs, 'many,' and irovs,  iroc\os, 'afoot.'   A
 name given  to tumours, which occur in mucous
 membranes especially ; and which have been com-
 pared to certain zoophytes.  Polypi  may form on
 every mucous membrane.   They are most com-
 monly observed in the nasal f'ossio, pharynx, and
 uterus; more rarely in  the stomach, intestines,
 bronchial tubes, bladder, and meatus auditorius
 externus.   They vary  much  in size, number,
 mode of adhesion, and intimate nature.  Accord-
 ingly, they have received  various  appellations ;
 niHcoim, soft,  vesic'ular, when their substance has
 been soft, spongy, vesicular, and, as it were, gorged
 with fluid.   Others have been  called hard .- and
 these have  been distinguished  into fibrous  or
 fleshy, and into scirrhous or crr?iceroii».  Fibrous
 polypi. Polypi fihro'si, Inopolypi, are of a dense,
 compact texture, and whitish colour.  They con-
 tain few vessels, and do not degenerate into can-
 cer.   The  scirrhous or  card noni atous are true
 cancerous tumours, painful and bleeding.   They
 present all the pathological changes which belong
 to  cancerous affections, and the prognosis is  of
course unfavourable.
   The mode of treating  polypi  must differ ac-
 cording to their character.   Tbe means used to
 destroy them have been,  1. To subject them to
 the action of certain astringent powders or solu-
 tions, to obtain their resolution.  2.  Cauterization
 or the application  of the  actual cautery or caus-
 tics.  3. Excision or ablation with  a  cutting in-
 strument. 4. Extirpation with the fingers or with
 the polypus  forceps.  5.  A ligature, put round
 them  so  as  to prevent their nutrition.  A seton
 has, also, been sometimes used to gradually de-
 stroy  the pedicle.
   The term Polypi, Pseudopol'ypi,  Carditis po-
 lypo'sa, Pol'ypiform Concre'tions, (F.)  Concretions
 polypeuses ou polypiformes ou sanguines du Cu-itr,
 Hemocardioplusties, (Piorry,)  has likewise been
 applied to collections of blood—fibrinous concre-
 tions— found in the heart or great vessels after
 dissolution.   These were  once, erroneously, re-
 garded as morbid.  The  presence of these  con-
 cretions maybe suspected, when in the course of
 an aeute or chronic affection of the heart, or ut
 the close of chronic diseasesin general—especially
 those  of the lungs — the  heart's  action  becomes
 suddenly tumultuous, obscure, and  accompanied
 with a soft bellows' murmur, whilst the  general
 symptoms indicate the effects of obstructed circu-
 lation.  The right cavities  are most frequently
 affected.
   Pol'ypus Broxcm A'L,lR,Bronchlemmltis,Bron-
 chi'tis membrana'cea seu exsudtttlva seu cronpo'-
 sa, B. plastic, Bronchial Croup, Chronic Croup [?],
 Pseudo-mem'branous Bronchitis,  (F.) Bronchite
 pseudo-membrarieuse.  A membraniform secretion
 in the bronchial tubes of a  diphtheritic character,
 having the shape,  when  unexpectorated, of  the
 bronchia.  It is the result of inflammation of tbe
 lining membrane of those  tubes.
   Polypus Carnosus, Sarcoma—p. Fibrosus, see
 Polypus — p. Uteri, Metropolypus.
   POLYRRHIZON, Polypodium filix mas.
   POLYRRHCEA, Profluvium.
   POLYTSAR'(TA, Polysarco'sis, from poll/, and
 cap!, oapnos, 'flesh.'   Carnos'itas, Polysorna'lia,
 Adelipa'ria, Corpnlen'titt, Steatites.  Excessive
 corpulency.   Authors  have  distinguished  two
 varieties of this : — Polysarcia Carno'sa,  Cor-
 pulency, and P. ADIPO'SA,  Polypio'nia, Polypio'-
 sis,  Pimelo'sis ninlia, Pacliys'rnns, Pachyilsis,
 Obes'itas,  Hyperpinl ele,  Lipa'ritr,  Adipo'sis,
 Polysar'cia  fagino'sa, Empyme'liuin  po/ysar'-
 cia,  Baryso'rnia,  Barysomttlica,  Lipo'sis,  Li-
 par'otes,   Lipas'ma,  Piiiyiiitu'do,  Pin'giiitude,
 Obes'ity,  (F.) Obesite, Embonpoint  excessif.  A
 severe regimen and exercise  are tbe  best preven-
 tives.   Children are  occasionally met  with of
 unusual  fatness, in spite  of every care.   This
 morbid disposition  has been termed Polypio'nia
 infan'tum, and Chloro'sis gigante'a.
   Polysarcia Viscerum, Physconia adiposa.
   POLYSARCOSIS, Polysarcia.
   POLYSCEL'IA,  from poly, and aneXos, 'a leg.'
 A monstrosity, characterized by the presence of
 one  or more supernumerary legs.
   POLYSIA'LIA, from poly, and ataXov, 'saliva.'
 Excessive discharge of saliva.
   POLYSOMATIA, Polysarcia.
  POLYSOMIA, from poly, and aarpa,  'body.'
 A monstrosity characterized  by the  existence of
 more bodies than one.
  POLYSPAS'TON,  from poly,  and arrow,  'I
 draw.'  A powerful instrument for reducing luxa-
 tions. — (iorrseus.
  POLYSPER'MIA, from  poly,  and  a-rrtppa,
 'sperm.'  Richness or fulness of sperm.
  POLYSTICUM  CALLIPTERIS,  Polypodium
filix mas—p. Filix Mas. Polypodium filix mas.
  POLYSTOMA  PINGUICOLA,  see  Worms —
p. Venarum, see Worms. 
POLYTRIC              744             POPLITEAD
  POLYTRIC, Asplenium trichomanoides.
  POLYTRICHIA, see Polytrichus.
  POLYT'RICHUM, from poly, and  Spi£, tPiXos,
'hair,' P. vnlga're,  Polyt'ricon,  Adian'tum au'-
reum, Golden Maiden-hair,  (F.)  Perce-monsse.
Ord.  Musci.   It is possessed  of astringent pro-
perties, and was formerly given in diseases of the
lungs, and  in calculous affections.
  Polytrichum  Commune,  Asplenium  tricho-
manoides.
  Polytrichum  Juniperi'num, Haircap moss,
Rabbin's Rye, common in New England, is said
to possess powerful diuretic properties.
  POLYT'RICHUS; same  etymon  as Polytri-
chum. Very hairy.  One that  has  much  hair.
The condition is  termed Polytrichia,' although
this term is, at times, employed for  the  growth
of hair on parts not usually having it.
  POLYTROPHTA, from poly, and  rpetpto, 'I
nourish.'   Abundant or excessive nutrition.
  POLYURESIS, Diabetes.
  POLYURIA, Diabetes.
  POLYT'RICUS, frora poly, and ovpov, 'urine.'
Sauvages calls—Ischu'ria polyu'rica — a kind of
ischuria, caused by accumulation of urine in the
bladder.
  POMA,  Drink — p. Chinensia, see Citrus au-
rantium.
  POMACEUM, Cider.
  POMA'TUM, Pomma'tum,from poma, 'apples,'
which formerly entered into its composition.  (F.)
Pommade,  Liparole, StearolS.  A pharmaceutical
preparation, employed only externally, which dif-
fers but little from an ointment, except in having
generally less consistence.  It is usually scented
and coloured to render it more agreeable.  Apples
formerly entered into the  composition of the po-
matum ; hence its name.
  Common  Pomatum is made of lard, 121hs; suet,
4ft)s; essence, ^viij.
  Pomatum ad Labia  Demulcenda, Cerate  for
the lips — p. Epispasticum flavuin,  Unguentum
lyttae medicatum  aliud — p. Epispasticum viride,
&c, Unguentum lyttae  medicatum — p.  for the
Lips, Cerate for the lips—p. Nitricum seu oxyge-
natum,  Unguentum acidi nitrosi—p. Saturni,
Unguentum plumbi superacetatis.
  POMBALEA IPECACUANHA, see Ipecacu-
anha.
  POMEGRANATE, Punica granatum.
  POMILIUS. see Nanus.
  POMMADE, Pomatum—p. d'Alyon, Unguen-
tum acidi nitrosi—p. Antipsorique de Jasser,  Un-
guentum sulphuris  compositum—p. d'Autenrieth,
Unguentum antimonii tartarizati—p. de Cyrillo,
Unguentum muriatis hydrargyri oxygenato me-
dicatum— p.  Epispastique  jaune,  Unguentum
lyttae medicatum aliud—p.  Epispastique verte,
Unguentum lyttae  medicatum—p. de Garou,  Un-
guentum epispasticum de  daphne gnidio.
  POMMADE DE GONDRET, P. ammoniacale
de  Gondret (F.), Gondret's Connterirritant, Gon-
dret's ammoniacal  Caustic.  (Liq. ammon. p. ij ;
Sevi, p. j;  Ol. amygdal. p. j ;  M.) Used to excite
a speedy revulsion in cases of chronic affections
of the brain, incipient cataract, amaurosis, &c, as
well as to cauterize the integuments deeply.
  The above formula, is  that of the  French Co-
dex, but, according  to M. Trousseau, it is much
too  hard  for  use,  unless the weather is  warm.
He proposes two formula, one for summer,  the
other for winter.   In the former he directs  three
parts of lard, one  of suet, and four of liquor am-
monia ;  in the  latter,  equal  parts  of lard and
liquor ammonia'..                v
  POMMADE POUR LES LEVRES, Cerate
for the lips—p. Ophthalrnique (Regent's.) Unguen-
tum  ophthalmicum — p.  Oxygenic,  Unguentum
acidi  nitrosi—p. Stibifc,  Unguentum antimonii
tartarizati.
  POMME, see Pyrus malus—;?. d'Adam, Po-
mum  Adami—p. d'Amour,  Solanutn lyoopersicuin
— p.  Epineuse. Datura stramonium—p. de M,-r-
veitle, Momordica balsamica — p.  Mousse use, Be-
degar—p. de  Terre, Solanum tuberosum.
  POMMES HEMORRHO'IDALES, see Vis-
cum album.
  POMMETTE, see Malas os.
  POMMIER, Pyrus malus.
  POMPE  POUR  L'ESTOMAC,  Stomach
pump.
  POMPnOLYGE'RON, voptboXvyvpov, from
xouipoXvyooi, 'to  raise blisters.'  The name of a
plaster employed by the ancients. — Castelli.
  POMPH'OLYX, from iroptyos, 'a bladder.'  A
small vesicle on  the skin.  An eruption of bulla
or  blebs,  appearing without any inflammation
around  them, and without fever.   It is  the Ec-
ph/ysis Pompholyx of Good.  See Pemphigus.
  Pompholyx, Tutia, Zinci oxydum.
  POMPHUS, Wheal.
  POMPION, Cucurbita pepo.
  POMUM ADA'MI, Eminen'tia thyredidea, (F.)
Pomme d'Adam, Adam's Apple.   The projection
formed by the thyroid cartilage in the neck — of
males particularly.   It is so called from a notion
that it was caused by the apple sticking in the
throat of  our first parent.
  Pomum Amoris.Testicle—p. Hierosolymitanum,
Momordica balsamina — p. Melongena, see Sola-
num  melongena — p. Mirabile, Momordica Bal-
samina— p. Spinosum, Datura stramonium.
  PONOTION, Puncturing.
  POND  SHOVEL, Unisema deltifolia.
  PONDERA  ET  MENSUR^E,  Weights and
measures.
  PONDUS, Pudibilia — p. Pharmaceuticuin, see
Weights and measures.
  PONGITIF,  Pungent.
  PONS  CEREBELLI, Pons Varolii —p. He-
patis, see  Lobulus anonymus — p. Sylvii,  Quad-
rigemina Tubercula — p. Tarini, Tarini pons.
  Pons  Varo'lii, P. Cerebel'li. Corpus aniiulit're,
Proces'sus annularis,  Prominen'tia  annula'ris
cer'ebri, Eminen'tia annularis,  Nodus eneeph'ali
seu Cer'ebri, Protuberarltia basila'ris, Protnlrer-
an'tia annula'ris Willis'ii, Varo'li's bridge,  Cer'e-
bral protu'berance, (F.) Protuberance cerfhrole on
annulaire, Mesencephale,  Mesocephale, Pont de
 Varole,  Annular protuberance.  An eminence at
the upper part of the medulla oblongata, first de-
scribed by Varolius.  It is formed by the  union
of the crura cerebri and crura cerebelli.
  Pons  Zygomaticus, Zygomatic  arch.
  PONT DE  TARIN,Tar'mi pons—.p. de Va-
role, Pons Varolii.
  PONTE, see  Parturition—p. Periodique, see
Parturition.
  PONTEDERIA CORD ATA,Unisema deltifolia.
  PONTICUM  ABSINTHIUM, Artemisia Pon-
tica.
  POOK, Abdomen.
  POPLAR,  AMERICAN,  Liriodendron — p.
Balm of Gilead, Populus  Candicans —p. Black,
Populus—p. Tree, Liriodendron—p.  Tulip-bear-
ing, Liriodendron.
  POPLES,  Gare'tum,  Garretnm, Ignys, Ig'nr/e,
Suffra'go, Fossa genu, Fossa poplita'a, the Ham,
Hough,  Hoff,  Hock, (F.)  Jarret,  from post, and
 plico, ' I  fold.'   The posterior  part  of the knee
joint.  The ham forms what is called the pop-
liteal region or space.
  POPLESY, Apoplexy.
  POPLIT/EUS, Popliteal muscle.
  POPLITE, Poplitneus muscle.
  POPLITEAD, see Popliteal aspect. 
POPLITIC                745               PORPHYRY
  Poplite'al, Poplita'us, Poplit'ic, (F.) Poplite,
from poples,  ' the ham.'   That which  relates to
the ham.  A  name given to various parts.
  Popliteal Artery — Popliteal portion of the
crural, — (Ch.),  is  really a continuation of the
femoral,  which  changes  its  name on  passing
through  the  adductor magnus  muscle.   It de-
scends a little obliquely outwards into the hollow
of the ham, and extends from the commencement
of the lower third of the thigh to the end of the
upper quarter of the leg,  where  it terminates by
dividing into the  posterior tibial and peroneal
arteries.   In  the ham, it gives off the three supe-
rior articular arteries; and, at the top  of the leg,
the  arteries  of  the gemini  muscles  or  gemini
branches, (F.) branches jitmelles,  the two  inferior
articular arteries, and the tibialis antica.
   Popliteal  Aspect.  An aspect  towards the
side  on  which the poples  or ham is situated.
(Barclay.)  Poplite'ad is used by the same writer
ndverbially, and signifies  'towards the popliteal
aspect.'
   Popliteal Fossa, Poples.
   Poplite'al Glands, Glan'dula  poplita'a.
 Lymphatic glands,  four in number, seated in the
 popliteal region or space.
   Popliteal Muscle,Poplita'us Muscle, Subpop-
 litans, (F.) Muscle  poplite, Muscle Jarretier, Fe-
 wiiro/iopliti-libial,  (Ch.), is seated in the pop-
 liteal region.  It is triangular, long, flat; ,and  is
 inserted, on the  one hand, by means of a strong
 tendon, into  the tuberosity at the  outer condyle
 of the femur, terminating below at the  upper part
 of the posterior surface of the tibia.  This muscle
 bends the leg on the thigh, and, reciprocally, the
 thigh on the  leg.   When the leg is bent, it causes
 it to turn, in rotation, inwards.
   Popliteal  Nerves.    They  result from the
 bifurcation of the sciatic,  and are two in number,
 viz.  1.  The   external popliteal, Peroneal nerve,
 Brancheperonih-e,  (Ch.)   It is smaller than the
 internal; turns to the outside  of the fibula at the
 upper part of the leg, and divides into the mus-
 C'do-cutaneous branch, nerf pretibio-digital,  (Ch.)
 and the  anterior tibial, nerf pretibio-susphalange-
 tnire, (Ch.)   2.  The inter'nal  poplite'al nerve,
 Ilrauche tibiale (Ch.),  which is larger than the
 other, and seems to be the real continuation of
 the sciatic nerve.   It descends vertically into the
 hollow of the ham; and  passes  beneath  the apo-
 neurotic arch of the Solaris muscle, beyond which
 it  takes  the  name tibial nerve.   It furnishes
 the external  saphcita nerve,  and  a number of
 branches, that are distributed  to the posterior
.muscles  of the leg.   It then passes to  the sole of
 the foot to be divided into two branches, called
 Plantar nerves.
   Popliteal Region, Poples — p.  Space, Poples.
   Popliteal Vein  has  the same arrangement as
 tbe artery behind which it is situate.
   POPLITIC, Popliteal.
   POPONAX, see  Pastinaca opoponax.
   POPPY,  CELANDINE. Stylophorum diphyl-
 lum—p. Corn, red, Papaver rhoeas.
   Poppy Heads, see Papaver.
   Poppy, Horn, Stylophorum diphyllum.
   Poppy Juice, Meconium — p. Pill, Opium.
   Poppy,  PuiCKi.y,  Argemone  Mexicana — p.
 Rpotlin-:, Cucurbalus Behen — p.  Thorn, Arge-
 mone .Mexicana — p.  White, Papaver—p. White,
 capsule, see  Papaver.
   POP'ULUS,  F. nigra,  jEgci'ros,  Achero'is,
 Black poplar, (F.) Penplier. P.  noir ou franc.
 The young buds, oculi or  rudiments of the leaves,
which  appear in the beginning of spring, were
formerly used in an officinal ointment — the un-
giieiltum papule'um.   It  was. also, recommended
in chronic affections of the lungs.
   The bark  of Pop'ulus  Tremulo'i'Jes, American
aspen, of P. Trem'ula seu pen'dula, European
aspen,and of Populus Can'dicans, Balm of Gilead
Poplar, is antiperiodic, and furnishes salicin and
populin,  in which the properties probably reside.
  Populus  Balsamifera, see Fagara octandra—
p. Candicans, see Populus—p. Pendula, P. tremula
—p. Tacamahaca, see Fagara octandra — p. Tre-
mula, see Populus—p. Tremuloides,  see Populus.
  PORCELAINE, Essera, Urticaria.
  PORCELET, Hyoscyamus.
  PORCELIA TRILOBA, see Carica papaya.
  PORCELLIO,  Oniscus.
  PORCELLUS, Oniscus.
  PORCULUS, Oniscus.
  PORCUPINE  DISEASE, Ichthyosis.
  Porcupine  Men, Echinoder'mi.  Persons have
been so called in whom the cuticle is produced in
the  form of pointed prolongations,  as if it had
been moulded on the papillae, like the shorter and
blunter quills of the porcupine.
  PORCUS, Vulva.
  PORDE,  Crepitation.
  PORE, Porus, Interstice, iropos,  ' a passage.'
Anatomists  have  given this name to  the openings
at the extremities of vessels at the surface of dif-
ferent membranes.   Exhalant Pores have been
supposed to exist in the exhalants, to transmit
the fluids exhaled. — Absorbent Pores are em-
ployed in taking up parts that have  to enter the
circulation.   Pores exist in the cuticle ; yet Hum-
boldt, with  a powerful magnifying-glass, was un-
able to observe thera.  The pores  of the skin
have also been called spiret'cula.
  POREBLIND, Myopic.
  PORED  MILK, Colostrum.
  PORI BILIA'RII,£bic(»« bilia'rii seu bilif'eri,
 Canalic'uli  bilif'eri, Sur'culi fell'ei.  Ducts which
receive the  bile from the penicilli of the liver, and
convey it to the hepatic duct.
  Pori Cuta'nei, P. Exhulan'tes seu Sudoriferi
seu Resorben'tes, Mea'tus cuticula'res.  The  pores
of the skin.
  Pori Exhalantes,  P. cutanei—p. Pulmonum,
Cellules, bronchic—p. Resorbeutes, P. cutanei —
p. Sudoriferi, P. cutanei.
  PORNOG'RAPHY, Pornograph'ia/from iropvn,
' a prostitute,' and ypatfioi,' I describe.'  A descrip-
tion of prostitutes or of prostitution, as a matter
of public hygiene.
  POROCE'LE,  from irorpos, ' callus,' and  tcnXii,
 'a tumour.'   A hard tumour of the  testicle or its
envelopes.
   POROMA, Induration.
   POROMPIIALOCELE, Poromphalon.
   POROM'PHALON, Poromph'alus, Porompha-
 loce'le, from  rrurpos,  ' hard,' and  op$aXos,  ' the
 navel.'  Umbilical hernia with hard  and  thick-
 ened parietes.
   POROS,  Canal.
   POROSIS, Chalaza, Induration.
   POROTTC, Porot'icus, (F.)  Porotrque,  from
 irorpos, ' callus.'  A  remedy believed  to be capable
 of  assisting the formation of callus.
   PORPHYRA, Purpura — p. Graecorum, Pe-
 techiae—p. Haemorrhagica, Purpura haemorrha-
 gica—p. Laciniata, Ulva  umbilicalis'—p. Umbili-
 calis,  Ulva  umbilicalis.
   PORPIIYRISMA, Scarlatina.
   PORPHYRISMUS, Scarlatina.
   PORPHYRIZATION, Levigation.
   PORPHYROTYPHUS, see Typhus.
   PORPHYRU'RIA, Porphyu'ria ;i'riimiroptp'vpat
 'purple,' and ovpov,' urine.'  A state of the urine
 — pur'puric. urine — in which  it deposits the re-
 markable colouring matter—Pur'purine,  Urro'-
 sacine, Rosac'ic acid, Uroer'ythrin,  Uro'rhodine,
 Ur'rhodine—in association with urate  of am-
 monia.
   P 0 R' P  H Y R Y, Porphyri'tes, from iroptpvpa, 
PORPHYURIA             746                 PORTA
'purple.'   A  species  of very  hard, compound
rock, susceptible of considerable polish, and used
in the fabrication of mortars  and slabs for  the
apothecary.
  Porphyry, Black, Ophites.
  PORPHYURIA, Porphyruria.
  FOR RACE. Porraceous.
  PORRA'CEOUS, Porra'ceus, Pra'sinus, from
porrum,  'a leek.'   (F.)  Porrace.   Having  the
green colour of  the  leek.  An epithet given to
i-ertain excreted  matters, — the sputa, bile and
fjeces particularly.
   FOR REAU, Allium porrum.
  PORRECTUM, Lever.
  PORRET, Allium  porrum.
  PORRIDGE, ATHOL, see Mahogany.
  PORRIGINE, Porrigo favosa.
  PORRTGINEUN, Porriginous.
  PORRIGINOSUS, Porriginous.
  PORRIG'TNOUS, Porrigino'sus, (F.) Porri-
gineux.  Appertaining to porrigo.
   PORRI'GO  (L.), 'scurf or scall in  the  head.'
 Tin'ea, Favus, Furftira'tio,  Furfures, Ecpye'sis
seu Phlysis porrigo, Triehono'sis, Scalled head
in general, Scallard; from porrigere, ' to spread.'
(F.)  Teigne, Rache.   Some of the  varieties are
contagious.  It is principally characterized by an
eruption of the pustules, called favi  and achores,
unaccompanied by fever.
   Porrigo Conferta, P. scutulata.
   Porrigo Decal'vans, Tricho'sis  a'rea, Area,
Alope'cia area'ta seu partia'lis seu circumscripta,
Phytoalope'cia, Triehono'sis furfura'cea,  Tyr'ia,
 Tyro'ma,  Ophiasis,  Tin'ea tondens,  Herpens  ton-
sil rans, Squarra tondens, Limited or partial Bald-
ness,  consists  of  patches  of  baldness  without
decay or  change  of colour in  the  surrounding
hair, the  exposed parts  of the  scalp being glab-
rous, white, and  shining.  The morbid condition
sometimes spreads, so  that the patches coalesce,
rendering the baldness  extensive.  To a vege-
table growth, found at the  roots  of the  hair
in  Tinea tondens, Gruby gives  the name Micros'-
poron Audoiii'ni.  It is, also, called  Trieoph'yton
seu Trichorn'yces tonsil rans.  The treatment con-
 sists  in  keeping  the  scalp cleared  by constant
 shaving,  and  in the steady application of some
 stimulating liniment or ointment.
   PORRIGO  Favo'sa,  Ce'rion, Favus,  Ecpye'sis
 porrigo favosa,  Tinea favosa, Sca'bies  cap'itis
favosa, Melice'ra.  Melice'rum, Melice'ria, Mel-
 Ufa' vium,  Porrigoph'yta, Honey-comb Scall  or
 Tetter, (F.) Teigne fin reuse, Porrigine.  This con-
 sists in an eruption of pustules common  to the
 head, trunk, and extremities, pea-sized, flattened
 at the top, in clusters, often uniting; discharge,
 fetid; scabs, honey-combed; the cells filled with
 fluid.  It occurs  both in early and adult  life.
 Modern researches have satisfied some observers,
 that the crusts of favus  are of vegetable nature,
 and formed of a parasitic plant, belonging, ac-
 cording to Gruby, to  the  obsolete  genus myco-
 derm'a.   MM. J.  Mulier and  Lebert refer it to
 the genus Oidiutn, and call it O'id'ium Schonlei'ni,
 whilst Remak assigns it to a new genus under the
 name Achorion  Schrinleinii.   The  point  is  not,
 however,  settled.  The treatment of this variety
 must consist  in the exhibition of laxatives and
 the  mildest stimulating ointments, such as the
  Ung. zinci,  Ung. hydrargyri pracipitat. alb., <fec.
 Eczema  of the  hairy scalp  is often confounded
 with Porrigo.
    PoRRIGO Fur'furANS,  Eepyesis  porrigo  fur-
 fura'cea,  Tinea seu  Tricho'sis furfitracea  seu
 porrigino'sa. Pityriasis, Teignefurftiracee (Ali-
 bert), commences with an eruption of small acho-
 res, the fluid  of which soon concretes and sepa-
 rates in   innumerable thin, laminated scabs, or
 scale-like exfoliations.  It is attended with a good
deal of itching and some soreness of tho scalp, to
which the disease is confined.  It occurs  chiefly
in adults.  In  the treatment, the scalp must bo
kept shaved.   The  part  must  be washed re-
peatedly with soap and water, and  an oiled silk
cap worn.   The nature of  the  ointments used
must vary according to the period of disease and
the irritability of the part affected.   Zinc oint-
ment ; — one made with the  Cocculus indicus ,- —
the Sulphur ointment; — Cit-ine ointment; l'u,/.
hydrargyri  nitrico-oxydi;   Tar ointment,  and
Nitric acid ointment have all been  found  useful.
Should  inflammation  or  discbarge arise,  these
applications must of course be intermitted.
   Porrigo Larvalis, P. lupinosa.
   Porrigo Larva'lis, Crusta luc'tea, Ecpye'sis
Porrigo  crusta'cea, Menti'go, Achnr, Tin'ea luc'-
tea seu Fa'ciei, Lactu'men, Lact'lgo,  Milky scull
or Tetter, Milkblotch, (F.)  ('route de lait oil lait-
ease, Feux volages,  La Graine.  This is, almo-t
exclusively, a  disease of infancy.   It  commonly
appears first  on the forehead and cheeks, in an
eruption of numerous, minute, whitish  achores on
a red surface.   These break and discharge a viscid
fluid, which becomes  incrusted in thin, yellowish,
or greenish scabs.  Tbe patches spread, until tho
whole  face becomes, as it were, enveloped in  a
mask; hence the epithet larva/is.   The  disease
is rather a  variety  of Eczema.  Sometimes the
eruption appears  on  the neck and breast; and,
occasionally, on the extremities.  In general, tho
health of the child does not suffer, but the erup-
tion is  always attended with much itching and
irritation.  The treatment consists  in mild, tepid
ablution, and  the application of gently stimu-
lating  ointments,  as the  oxydum zinci.  The
bowels  must be kept  in a soluble state by small
doses of calomel, or by rhubarb and magnesia.
   Porrigo  Lupino'sa,  Tin'ea  lupi'na,   Funis
disper'sus. Scabies cap'itis,  Ecpye'sis porrigo lu-
pino'sa,  Porrigo larva'lis,  Impetigo fignra'ta,
Tin'ea granula'ta seu muco'sa,  Crusta lactea (of
some), Ment'agra infan'tum, (F.) Teigne,  Dartre
crnstaceeJiavescente, Favus dissemine, consists of
minute pustules in small patches, mostly com-
mencing on the scalp; the patches terminate in
dry, delving scabs, resembling lupine  seeds; the
interstices often covered with a thin, whitish and
exfoliating  incrustation.  It  occurs  chiefly in
early life, and  requires the same treatment as the
last.
   Porrigo Scutula'ta, P. confier'ta, Tin'ea gra-
nula'ta  seu flco'sa,  Ecpye'sis porrigo galea'tn,
Ac.ho'res  seu  Sca'bies cap'itis, Favus confer'tits,
Ringworm ofthe Scalp, Scalled head, (F.) Teigne*
annulaire, T. en  anneau, T.  nummular re, Favus
en groupes.  It commences with clusters of small,
light, yellow pustules, which soon scab off; and,
if neglected, become hard by accumulation.  If
the scabs be removed, the surface is left red and
shining, but studded with slightly elevated points.
If not attended to, it involves the whole  head.
It occurs in children three or four years of age,
and is very unmanageable.   The rules laid down
under Porrigo furfurans must be here still more
perseveringly enforced.  The whole tribe  of stim-
ulating  ointments  may be  used in   succession.
No one will  always  succeed, and hence  the ne-
cessity of change, provided  advantage should not
seem to follow any particular application.  The
 Unguentum  ad  Scabiem of Banyer  sometimes
cures, when  others fail.
   PORRIGOPH'YTA, Porrigo favosa.   Porri-
gophyte  means the plant of favus or of porrigo
favosa.
   PORRILLON, Narcissus pseudonarcissus.
   PORRUM,  Allium porrum, Thymion.
   PORRUS, Sarcoma, Thymion.
   PORTA, mrXr,, Pyle, (F.) Porte, ' a gate.' The 
PORTAL
747
POSSESSED
  part of the liver or other organ—htins—where its
  vessels enter as  by a gate.  See Liver.  Also, the
  vulva.
    Porta  Hepatis, see  Liver—p. Jecoris, see
  Liver —p. Lienis, see Spleen.
    Porta  Vkna,  Ve,„, porta,  V. porta'rum seu
  ad  portas seu  porla'Us  Seu  magna seu qua  ad
  portas est seu stelechia'a sen lac'tea seu ostia'ria
  seu arteno'sa seu arteria'lis, Rama'lis vena. Jan'.
  ttrtx, Manus Jec'oris seu he'patis, Vena ad portas.
  The System ofi the vena porta or the Abdom'inal
  venous system or Portal system, (F.) Veine parte,
  Porte veine, is  a vascular  apparatus  of  black
  blood, situate in the abdomen, and resulting from
 . two distinct orders  of vessels, united  into one
  common trunk.   1. One  of these  trunks,  much
  more extensive than the  other, has  received the
  name Vena porta abdomina'lis, because it arises
  from all the organs enclosed in the  cavity of the
  abdomen, except the kidneys and  bladder ;and,
  in the female, the uterus.  The Abdominal  vena
  porta has two  principal roots, the splenic vein
  and the  superior mesenteric, which have  their
  ramifications in all the digestive organs. 2. The
  other trunk, destined solely to the  liver, lias
  been called  the Ilepalic  vena porta.  It appears
  to be a continuation of the abdominal vena, porta,
  and proceeds towards  the inferior  surface of the
  liver.  Opposite  the transverse fissure of  that
  organ, it divides, like an artery, into two branches,
  which, by their  union, seem  to form a  canal  or
  duct, called by some the .SY?ii<« ofthe vena porta,
  or of the portal vein.   These branches are distri-
  buted in the substance ofthe liver, whither  they
  are  accompanied by a prolongation ofthe fibrous
  capsule of that  organ, — the capsule of Glisson.
  The different branches of the vena  porta are de-
  void of valves.   See Liver.
    PORTAL, from porta,  'a gate.'   Relating  to
  the  porta of tbe liver, —as the portal system, or
  systera of the vena porta.   By extension, the
  term has been applied  to an analogous system of
  vessels in  the kidney.   See Kidney.
    Portal  Fissure, see  Liver —  p. Fossa, see
  Liver—p.  System, see Porta Vena—p. System of
  the  Kidney, see  Kidney—p. Vein, Porta Vena—
  p. Veins of the Kidney, see Kidney.
    PORTE-AIGUILLE, Aciitenac'uliim, Needle-
  carrier, Needle-bearer, from (F.) porter,  'to  car-
  ry,'  and  aiguille, 'a needle.'   An instrument for
  accurately  laying hold of a needle, and giving  it
  greater length, when it is  so fine and small that
  it  cannot be held by the fingers.   It is of steel or
  silver, about two  inches long, and throughout the
  whole, almost, of its  length, divided into  two
  branches, so  as to form a kind of forceps, capable
  of being closed  by means  of a  sliding ring.  A
  modification  of this instrument was  devised by
  Dr. Physick  for  taking up deep-seated  arteries
 beyond the  reach of a  tenaculum  or  common
 needle.   It consists of a forceps  so  constructed
 as  to hold in its extremity a needle  armed with
 a ligature.   The handles of tbe  forceps  are fas-
 tened together, temporarily/by a spring or catch ;
 and,  when  the needle is fairly deposited beneath
 the vessel, it  is disengaged from the forceps and
 drawn  out, leaving the  ligature behind, which
 can be tied  without difficulty.
  PORTE-BOUGIE  (F.).   A silver  canula
 similar to that of a trochar, except that it is
 longer.  It  is used for conducting  bougies into
 the urethra.
  P OR TE - CA I T.V TIQ UE,  Porte-pierre — p.
 Feuille, Subseapularis.
  FOR TE-LAQ.  An  instrument for carrying
the  laq or fillet over the limb ofthe fcetus whilst
in utero, when turning is necessary.
  PORTE-LIGATURE, from porter, ' to carry,'
  and ligature.   An  instrument for conveyin* a
  ligature to deep-seated parts.
    FOR TE-MECHE (F.), from porter, ' to carry,'
  and meclte, 'a tent.'  An instrument for carrying
  tents or miches deeply into fistulous openings, or
  sinuses, to the bottom of ulcers, &c.  Itis a wire
  of silver or steel, four or five inches long, bavin"
  a notch  at one  extremity, and a button at the
  other.
    PORTE-MONA  (F.).  A  small  instrument
  for  keeping the moxa applied to a part to be cau-
  terized. It consists of a metallic ring—separated
  from the  skin by three  supports of  ebony —to
  which a handle is adapted.
    PORTE-N(EUD (F.), from porter, 'to carry,'
  and riceud, 'a knot.'  An  instrument for carrying
  a ligature round the base or pedicle of a tumour"
    PORTE-PIERRE(F.), Porte-caustique,  Caus-
  tic  bearer.  An  instrument similar to a porte-
  crayon for carrying lunar caustic.
    PORTE-SONDE {¥.). An instrument resem-
  bling  a porte-crayon, employed for holding  the
  style or sonde, and inserting it  more readily into
  the  nasal  duct, during the operation  for fistula
  lacrymalis.
    PORTE VEINE, Porta vena.
    FOR TENTUM, Monster.
    PORTER, Cerevisia.
    PORTIO DURA, Facial  nerve-p. Inter du-
  ram et mollem, Portio Wrisbergii—p. Intermedia
  Wrisbergii, Portio Wrisbergii — p.  Media  inter
  portionem duram et portionem mollem, Portio
  Wrisbergii.
    Portio Mollis, Auditory nerve.
    Por'tio Wrisber'gii, P.interme'dia Wrisber'-
  gii seu  media inter portionem duram et portionem
  mollem  seu inter  duram et mollem, (F.) Faisceau
  intermediare de Wrisberg, Interniedieiire  de Wris-
  berg.  A  small,  white fasciculus,  intermediate
  between the portio mollis and portio dura of the
  seventh pair of nerves, which was first described
  by Wrisberg.   The Chorda Tympani is supposed
  by some to emanate from this nerve.
    PORTION COSTO-TRACHELIENNE DU
  SACRO-SPINAL, Longissimus dorsi—p. Eeaif-
  lenx ou squameitx du temporal. Squamous portion
  ofthe temporal — p. Lornbaire du  plexus crural,
  Lumbar plexus.
   PORTION GODRONNE DE LA  CORNE
 D'AMMON.  A  name given  by Vicq d'Azyr to
 a small, denticulated  cord, of a compact tissue
 and  granular appearance, which  unites the cornu
 ammonis to the paries of the lateral ventricle.
   PORTONARIUM,  Pylorus, Duodenum.
   PORTULA'CA, P. olera'cea, Andrach'ne,  Al-
 lium Gallicuin,  Purslane, (F.) Pout-pier cultive.
 This  plant abounds with a watery and somewhat
 acid juice ;  and is often put into  soups or pickled
 with  spices.  It  is regarded  as antiseptic  and
 aperient.
   PORUS,  Callus, Meatus—p. Acusticus, Audi-
 tory canal,  internal.
   Porus Op'ticus. An opening in  the centre
 of the cribriform lamella of the sclerotic, throuch
 which the central artery ofthe retina enters  the
 eyeball.
   POSCA, Oxycrate.
   POSE, Coryza.
   POSIMOS, Potable.
   POSITION. FALSE, False position.
   POSOL'OGY,  Posolog"ia,  Dosio/og"ia, from
troaos, ' quantity,'and Xoyos, 'adiscourse.' Indica-
tion ofthe doses in which the different articles ofthe
materia medica ought to be exhibited. (F.) Dosage.
  POSOQUERIA  DUMETORUM,  Randia  Du-
metorum.
  FOSSFDE. Possessed.
  POSSESS'ED, Damoni'acus, (F.)PossidS.  One 
POSSET
748     POTASSA,  ACETATE  OF
affected with epilepsy, or  other strange neurotic
a.l'ection,  was  formerly supposed  to be  ' pos-
sessed' by a demon.  Hence, exorcism  and  va-
rious religious ceremonies, at one time employed
to drive off  the intruder.
   POSSET,  Posse'tum, from (L.) posca, 'sour
wine and  water' [?].   Milk curdled with wine, or
nny  acid,  or treacle.   A preparation  of beer  and
milk : Zythog'ala.
   Posset, Sack, see  Sack—p. Sago, see Sago.
   POSSETTING, Regurgitation  (of Infants).
   POSTBRACHIALE, Metacarpus.
   POSTCARPIUM, Metacarpus.
   POSTE'RIOR ANNULA'RIS.  An  external,
interosseous muscle, which arises from the corre-
sponding  sides  of the  metacarpal  bones of the
ring-finger and little  finger, and  is  inserted  into
the inside ofthe tendon on the back of the ring-
linger.  Its  use is  to draw the ring-finger in-
wards.
   Posterior Auris,  Retrahens auris.
   Posterior In'dicis Manus.   An  internal, in-
terosseous muscle, which arises from the inner or
ulnar side  of the metacarpal bone of the fore-
finger, and  is inserted into the inside of the  ten-
don  on the  back ofthe fore-finger.   Its use is to
draw the  fore-finger inwards.
   Posterior  Indicis  Pedis, Abduc'tor  Indicis
Pedis.  An external, interosseous muscle, which
nrises from  the contiguous sides of the metatarsal
bones of  the fore-toe, and  second  of the small
toes, and  is inserted  into  the outside of the  root
of the first bone of the fore-toe.   Its vse is to  pull
the  fore-toe outwards.
   Posterior Me'dii Dig"iti Manus. An exter-
nal, interosseous muscle,  which  arises  from  the
corresponding  sides of the metacarpal bones of
the  middle  and ring-fingers ; and is inserted  into
the  inside ofthe tendon on the back of the mid-
dle  finger.  Its use is to draw the middle finger
inwards.
   Posterior Medii Dig"iti Pedis.  Abductor
medii digiti pedis.  An   external,  interosseous
muscle, which  originates from  the contiguous
sides of the metatarsal bones of  the  second  and
third ofthe small toes, and is inserted into  the
outside of the root of the  first bone of the second
of the small toes.   Its use is to pull the  toe  out-
wards.
   Posterior Ter'tit  Dig"iti,  Adduc'tor tertii
digiti.  An external, interosseous muscle, which
arises from  the contiguous sides of the metatarsal
bones of  the third and fourth of the small toes,
nnd is inserted into the outside of the root of the
first bone ofthe third of the small toes.   Its use
 is to pull the toe outwards.
   POSTHE, Penis, Prepuce.
   POSTHET'OMIST,  Posthet'omus,  from ™<r3>?,
'prepuce,'  and ropv, ' incision.'  One  who  per-
forms tbe operation  of circumcision.
   POSTHETOMY, Circumcision.
   POSTHIA. Hordeolum.
   POSTHIOPLAS'TIC,  Posthioplas'ticus, from
roa&ii, 'the prepuce,' and  irXaaoor, 'I form.'  An
epithet applied to the operation for restoring the
prepuce.
   POSTHI'TIS,   Acrobysti'tis,   Acroposthi'tis,
from irooSn, 'the prepuce, the penis,'  and  itis, the
 termination for inflammation.   Inflammation of
the  prepuce.
   POSTHIIIM, Prepuce.
   POSTHON'CUS, from irooSn,  'the prepuce or
penis,' and oy<os, ' a tumour.'   Swelling of the
prepuce or  penis.
   POSTHOPLAS'TICA,  from  *oo$v, 'prepuce,'
and irXaariKos, ' formative.'  The  art of making  a
new prepuce.
   POST'HUMOUS, from post, 'after,' and humus,
' the ground.'   Occurring after death.
   Posthumous Child.  One born after the death
of its father, or taken from the dead  body of its
mother, as by the Caesarean section.
   POSTIME, Abscess.
   POST-MORTEM.   'After death ;'as  ' a  post
mortem or necroscopic examination.'
   POST-NATUS. 'Born after.'  In the old law
writers, the second son.
   POST-PARTUM.   'After delivery.'  As 'post
partum hemorrhage.'
   POSTPOSIT"IO,  (post, 'after,' and  ponere,
positum, 'to  place,')  'a postponement.'  Delay
in the return of a paroxysm.  It  is  opposed to
anticipatio, which means the return of a parox-
ysm earlier than its  accustomed hour.
   In this sense, we speak of an anticipating, and
a postponing (Febris hysteret'ica) intermittent.
   POSTREMA, Uterus.
   PO'TABLE, Potab'ilis, from potare, 'to drink.'
Pot'imos, Potos, Pos'imos, 'drinkable.'  Water is
said to be potable, when it contains atmospherio
air ; is not brackish ; and has no mineral impreg-
nation of consequence.
   POTASH.  So called from the pots or vessels
in which it was made;—Vegetable alkali, Gustri-
num.  Also, Potass.
   Potash  of  Commerce,  Potassa  impu'ra,  Im-
pure potassa, Alu'men cati'iutm, Cin'eres Rus'sici,
Siibcar'bonas potas'sa impu'rus,  Potas'sa car'bo-
nas  impurus, Lix'ivus tints, the  Pcarlttsh  of
commerce, is  prepared from  the  ashes of land-
plants by calcination, solution in water, filtration,
and evaporation.  It usually  consists  of subcar-
bonate of potassa, sulphate of potassa,  chloride
of potassium,  silex, oxide of iron, &c.
   From the ashes of lees of wine, and  from vine-
twigs, a much  purer alkali is  obtained.  It is
called Cinis infecto'rius seu facum, Cin'eres ela-
vclla'ti seu gravella'ti, Alu'men facum, (F.) Cen-
dres gravelees ou de  sarment.
   Another  variety  of the alkali  is afforded by
burning argol in a crucible; afterwards  powder-
ing and calcining it, till it is nearly white ; then
dissolving in water, filtering, and evaporating. It
is called Salt of Tartar, Sal Tar'tari,  Kali pra-
para'tum e tar'taro, K. e tartaro, Siibcar'bonas
potassa puris'simns, Potas'sa siibcar'bonas e tar'-
taro.  Lastly, when  wormwood is  burnt to ashes,
dissolved  in  water, filtered, and  evaporated to
dryness, it affords  another variety of vegetable
alkali, the Sal absin'thii or Salt of wormwood.
   Impure  potash is  used  for preparing the sub-
carbonate for medical use.
   POTASS, Potassa fusa, Potash.  The protoxide
of potassium.
   POTASSA, ACETATE OF, Potassae acetas —
p. Bichromate of, Potassae bichromas — p. Bisul-
phate of, Potassas supersulphas—p. Bitartrate of,
Potassae supertartras — p. Carbonate  of,  Potassm
carbonas—p. Carbonate  of,  pure, see  Potassae
subcarbonas—p. Caustica cum calce, Potassa cum
calce—p. Chlorate of, Potassae murias hyperoxy-
genatus — p. Chromate of, Potassae chromas — p.
Chromate  of,  neutral, Potassae chromas—p. Chro-
mate of, yellow, Potassae chromas.
   Potas'sa cum Calce,  P. ope calcis para'ta et
igne fusa, Potassa caust'ica cum calce, Potass with
lime, Calx  cum kali pnio, Caus'ticum comiiiu'ne
for'tins,  Lapis infierna'lis  sive  sep'ticim, Kuli
caus'ticum cum calce, Lapis caus'tiens, (F.) Potnsse
priparie avec la chaux, P. d la Chanx, Pierre  a
cautere.  (Potassa, Calcis aa. j|j.   Rub together,
and  keep in a well-stopped  bottle.—Ph. U. S.)
 Used for the same purposes as the next, but more
manageable ; being less deliquescent.
   Potassa, Euciilorate  of,  Potassae murias
hyperoxygenatus — p. Ferrocyanate  of, Potassii
ferrocyanuretum — p. Ferroprussiate  of, Potassa
I eyanuretum. 
POTASS.E  ACETAS         749               POTASSA
  Pot\ssA Fusa, Potassa, Kali caus'ticum seu
pumm, Fused  potass, Alkali vegetab'ile fixum
caus'ticum, Caus'ticum commilne acer'rimum,  C.
alkali'num. seu commit'ne seu potentia'le seu Sati-
vum,  Hydras ka'licum, II. potas'sa  pura fusa,
Potossa hydras,  Lapis caus'ticus  seu causticus
chirnrgo'rnm seu  inferno'lis alcali'mis seu sep'ti-
cns, Rtipto'rium commu'ne, Fixed veg"etab/e alkali,
Iti/tlrate  of Potassa,  (F.)  Potasse  caustique.
(Prepared by evaporating  solution of potass  to
dryness in an iron vessel.)  This preparation  is
generally  run into cylindrical moulds,covered with
paper, and  kept  in well-corked vessels.   It  is
powerfully escharotic, and is  used  for forming
issues, curing strictures, Ac.
   Potassa, Fused, Potassa fusa—p. Hydriodate
of, Potassae hydriodas — p. Hydrobromate of, see
Bromine—p. Hydrocyanate of, Potassii eyanure-
tum— p.  Hypermanganate of, Potassae  hyper-
manganas—p. Hyperoxalas, Potass, oxalate of—
p. Hypertartras,  P.  supertartras — p.  Impura,
Potash of commerce — p.  and Iron, tartrate  of,
Ferrum tartarizatum—p. with Lime, Potassa cum
calce — p. Liquida, Liquor potassae — p. Mephite
of, Potassa) subcarbonas — p.  Monochromate  of,
Potassae chromas—p. Muriate of, Potassae murias
— p. Nitrate of, Potassae  nitras — p. Ope calcis
parata et  igne fusa, Potassa cum calce — p. Oxy-
muriate of, Potassas murias hyperoxygenatus—p.
Permanganate  of, Potassae  permanganas — p.
Prussiate of, Potassii ferrocyanuretum — p. and
 Soda, tartrate of, Soda., tartrate of—p. Subcar-
bonate of, Potassae subcarbonas — p.  Sulphate  of,
 Potassae  sulphas — p. Sulphate of, acid, Potassae
 supersulphas—p. Sulphuret of, Potassae sulphure-
 tum— p.  Supercarbonate of, Potassae carbonas —
 p. Supersulphate of,  Potassae  supersulphas — p.
 Supertartrate of, Potassae  supertartras—p. Tar-
 trate of, Potassa) tartras.
   POTAS'SA  ACE'TAS,  Oxytar'tams,  Acetas
 kali  seu  lixiv'ia seu ka'licum, Al'kali tar'tari
 ace'to satura'tttm, A. vegetab'ile cum aceto, Magis-
 te'rium tartari purgans,  Terra folia'ta  Tartari,
 Kali  aceta'tum,  Sal  diuret'icus  seu  Senner'ti,
 Area'mini tartari, Ac"etate of potass, (F.) Acetate
 de potasse.  (Acid, acetic. Oj, Potassa carbon, q. s.
 Mix  and  add,  by degrees, enough acetic acid to
 saturate  the alkali;  then filter  and  evaporate
 till a pellicle is formed, which  is to be dried upon
 bibulous  paper; evaporate agnin in a water-bath,
 and,  removing the pellicles, dry. — Ph. U. S.)
   It  is cathartic and diuretic.  Dose, gj to gij,
 or more.
   Potassa  et  Alumina  Sulphas, Alumen —
 p. Biantimonias,  Antimonium diaphoreticum —
 p. Bicarbonas,  Potassae carbonas.
   Potas's.e Bichro'mas,  Kali chro'micum  ru-
 brum seu ac"idum seu bichro'rnicnm, Bichro'mate
 of potas'sa.  Procured by adding sulphuric,  ni-
 tric,  or acetic  acid to a solution  of the  neutral
 chromate, and  setting it aside to crystallize.  It
 is a  violent irritant  poison ;  and has  been used
 as a caustic in cases of morbid growths, in  the
 proportion of from half a drachm  to a drachm of
 the salt to from an ounce  to an ounce and a half
 of water.
   PotasSjE Bisulphas, P. supersulphas — p. Bi-
tartras, P. supertartras.
   PotasSjG  Car'bonas, Kali aera'tum,  Bicar'-
bonas potassa, Potas'sa bicar'bonas (Ph. U.  S.,
L., E., k  D.), Deutocarbonas potassii. Carbonate,
bicar'btmate or supercar'bonate of potassa.  This
is not caustic, like the subcarbonate of potass,
and hence, has been preferred to relieve acidity.
(Potass, carbon,  lbiv. Aqua destillat.  Ox.  Pass
carbonic  acid  through  the  solution  until it is
saturated, and filter.  Evaporate  nt a heat not
exceeding lfiO°, and  dry the crystals on bibulous
paper.  Carbonic acid is  obtained  from  marble
by the addition of dilute  sulphuric  acid. — Ph.
U. S.)  Dose, gr. x to sjss.  It is used in forming
the soda  powders, as well as for its antacid pro-
perties.
  Distillers and brewers prepare this  salt  with
great facility by suspending a solution of the puri-
fied carbonate of potassa in  the fermenting tun.
The alkaline salt is thus surrounded by an atmo-
sphere of carbonic acid ; and by absorbing it. it
crystallizes into bicarbonate.  The salt in powder
is called  sal aeratns.  Its composition is between
that of a carbonate and of a bicarbonate.
  Potass.*: Carbonas, P.  subcarbonas — p. Car-
bonas e Lixivo Cinere, P.  subcarbonas — p. Car-
bonas  impurus,  P. subcarbonas — p.  Carbonas
purus, Pure carbonate of potassa, see P. subcar-
bonas— p. Chloras, P.  murias hyperoxygenatus
—p. Chloruretum oxydatum, P. murias hyperoxy-
genatus.
  Potas'sa Chromas,  Kali chro'micum fiarum
seu neutra'le, Neutral  yellow Chromate  or Mono-
chromate of potassa.    Prepared by igniting a
mixture  of four parts of native chromite of iron
(chrome  iron ore) and one part of nitre ; dissolv-
ing  out  the chromate  of potassa by water, and
crystallizing.  It has been used as an emetic, ex-
pectorant and  diaphoretic.  Dose, as an emetic,
from two to four grains; as an expectorant, from
ith to £  grain.   In the proportion of one drachm
to 32 ounces of water, it has been used ns an an-
tiseptic wash — called  by  Jacobson,  Liquor con-
serva'trix.
   Potassae Citras, Citrate of potassa.   (Acid.
citric, ^x, Potass, bicarb, ^xiv, Aq. q. s.   Dis-
solve the acid in the  water ; and after efferves-
cence has ceased, strain and evaporate to dryness.
The salt is deliquescent, and must  be kept  in
well-stopped bottles.    Ph.  U. S.)   It  possesses
the  refrigerant properties  of the neutral salts,
and may be given in  fever, when to do little or
nothing  is  the most advisable course. Dose, gr. x
to t^ss.
   Potass^ et  Ferri  Tartras, Ferri tartariza-
turn—p. Hydras, Potassa fusa.
   Potassae Hydri'odas,  Potassa Protohydrlo-
das, Potas'sii protox'idi hydri'odas, Kali Hydri-
odin'icum seu Hydriod'icum, Hydriodas Ka'licus,
Hydriodate of potass,  (F.) Hydriodate de potasse.
If a solution  of potass  be poured on  iodine, an
iodate and hydriodate are formed.  These may
be  separated by means of alcohol,  which  only
dissolves the latter of these salts.   The  hydrio-
date, or  rather the Todide of Potas'sium, Kalium
loda'tum, Potassii Iodure'tum seu  lo'didum, (F.)
Iodure de  potassium, may bo obtained  by evapo-
ration.   When  the Iodide of protossium is dis-
solved in  water, it becomes  the Hydriodate of
Potassa.   The  following  is  the formula in tbe
Ph. U.  S.  Potass. 3|vj;  lodin. in pulv. ,^xvj ;
Carbon,  ligni in pulv.  subtiliss.  ^ij : Aq. bullient.
Oiij.  Dissolve the potassa in the water: add tbe
iodine gradually, stirring until  the  solution be-
comes colourless, and continue the additions until
the liquid  remains slightly coloured  from excess
of iodine.   Evaporate  to dryness, stirring in tbe
charcoal towards the  close.  Rub to powder, and
heat to dull redness in an iron crucible, keeping
up the temperature for 15  minutes.   When  cool,
dissolve  out the  saline matter with pure  water,
filter the  solution, evaporate and set aside to
crystallize.  By evaporating and crystallizing ns
before, an  additional quantity of crystals may be
obtained.  Virtues, — those of iodine.
   Potassa Mit'rias,  Sal  Digestlvus seu fiebrif-
ngits Sylvii, Spir'itus salis mari'ni coagnla'tus,
Muriate of Potass.  Bitter and refrigerant.
   Potass.f. Mu'rias   Hyperoxygena'tus, Po-
tassm  Chloras  seu oxymu'rias,  O.rymu'riate, Hy-
peroxymu'riaie, Chlorate or Euchlo'rale of potass, 
POT ASS JE                 7 50                rOTASSE
Protochlo'rate  ofi potas'sium,  Alcali  vegetab'ile
siili'to-dephlogist ica'turn,   Chlorure'turn  potas'sa
oxyda'tuni,  Ilalo'i'dum  oxygeriilttim,  Oxyge'no-
Clilorure'tum potas'sii, Kali chlo'ricttm, Chloras
Ka'liens depura'tus, (F.)  Chlorate de jrotttsse.   It
has been  regarded as antineuropathic,  and as an
alterative purifier of the blood and humours.   It
is of doubtful efficacy.  Dose, 3 to 6 grains or more.
  Potass.-e NlTRAS, Nitrate ofi Potass, Nitruni,
N. prismat'icnm, Sal nitrum, Nitre, Saltpetre, Sal
petra, Salse'do mucrum, Sanguin'ea, Berenic"iitm,
Halt'nitrum, Protoni'trate ofi Potas'sium, Nitrate
of protox'ide  of Potassium, Kali  nitricum, Ni-
tras ka'licus seu lixiv'ia, Az'otas patas'sicus, (F.)
Nitrate ou Azotate de potasse.  Obtained from the
putrefaction of animal matters, in contact with
calcareous  or alkaline earths,  by elixiviation;
adding, if necessary, wood-ashes to  supply the
alkaline basis.  It is formed, in an impure state,
by  nature, in  warm climates.
  It  is  diuretic  and refrigerant, and,  in  large
doses, purgative; externally, cooling and  deter-
gent.  Dose, gr. x to gj.   In  large  doses  it is
an  acrid poison.
  Potass^ Nitras Fusus Sulpha'tis Paucil'lo
Mixtus,  Sal  prunella,  Crystallus   minera'lis,
Nitras potas'sa cum sulphure fusus, Nitrum tabu-
la'tum, Lapis Prunella, Anod'ynum  rninera'le,
Sore-throat salt, Min'eral  crystal.   Nitrate of
potass, mixed with a little sulphate of potass and
run into moulds.  Its properties are those of nitre.
  Potass.*: Ox'alas, Ox'alas  Acid'ulum Potas'-
sa  seu Potas'sa acid'ulus seu ba'sicus, Sujjerox'-
alas ka'licum seu Potassa, Hyperoxalas  Potassa,
Sal Acetosella, Oxa'lium, Kali oxalicum acid'u-
lum, Ox'alas subpotas'sicus, Superox'alate of Pro-
tox'ide of Potas'sium, Oxalate of Potass, Salt of
Sorrel, (F.) Sel d'oseille, Sel d detacher.  Pre-
pared from the  juice of wood sorrel.   It is re-
frigerant, and is used to make lemonade, &c.
  Potassae Oxalas Acidulum, Potass, oxalate
of—p. Oxymurias, P. murias hyperoxygenatus.
  Potassae  Perman'ganas, Perman'gunate of
potas'sa,  Hypermailganate of potassa, has be,en
given in  cases of diabetes.  Dose, from gr.  ij  to
gr. v,  three times a day.  It has been prescribed,
also, in obstinate dyspepsia.
  PotasSjE Protohydriodas, P. hydriodas—p.
Pura?  fusae hydras,  Potassa fusa — p.  et Sodae
tartras, Soda, tartrate of.
  Potassae  Subcar'bonas,  P. Car'bonas (Ph.
U.  S.), P. carbonas e Lixi'vo Girl ere, Siibcar'bo-
nas Kali, Car'bonas Potassa, Kali prapara'turn,
Sal Herba'rum  seu Planta'rum seu Tar'tari seu
Absin'thii,  Calca'reous  Tartar,  Subcarbonate  or
Mephite of Potass, &e.  (See Potash.)  A filtered
solution  of the impure  subcarbonate,  Potas'sa
car'bonas impu'rus  (Ph. U. S.), Pearl-ash  (see
Potash),  evaporated  to dryness.   This deliques-
cent salt  is given in the same cases as the potassae
carbonas, than which it is more  caustic  and dis-
agreeable.
  The Parisian codex has a Siibcar'bonas Potas'sa
ex tar'taro combus'to, vulgo Sal Tartari or Salt of
Tartar — (it is the Potassa carbonas pur us, Pure
Carbonate of Potassa, Ph. U. S.);  a Subcarbonas
Potassa ex defiagran'tibus simul tar'trate acid'ulo
et Nitrate Potassa paratus, vulgo Nitrum ex tar-
taro fix urn ; and a Subcarbonas potassa  ex defia-
gran'te cum Carbon'ibus  Nitra'te Potassa para-
tus, vulgo Nitrum fixum.  They are all used like
the preceding.
  Potass^ Subcarbonas Impurus, Potash of
commerce.
  Potass^ Sulphas, Kali  vilriola'tum  seu  sul-
phu'riettm, Sulphas Kali  Lixiv'ia vitriola'la, Ni-
tiuin  vitriolatum Schroederi, Sal Sapien'tia seu
Tar'tari Sulphura'tum seu Polychres'tits, Specifi'-
icttm   Paracelsi, Spiritus  vitrioli  coagula'tus
Mynsichti, Al'kali vegeta'bile vitriolatum, Sal de
tlnobus. Area'num duplica'tuin,  Tar'tarum vitrio-
latum, Panace'a Ducts  Holsa'tia  seu duplica't-t,
Sulphate  of Potass, Protosulph'ate  ofi Potas-
sium, (F.) Sulfate de potasse.  (The salt, that re-
mains after  the  distillation of nitric acid, dis-
solved; the excess of acid saturated with subcar-
bonate  of potass and  crystallized.)   Purgative
and  diuretic.  Dose, sjss to !Jj as  a laxative.   In
a large  dose it has proved an irritant poison.
  Potassae Sulphas cum Sul'phure, Sal Poly-
chres'ttts Glase'ri, Lixiv'ia Vitriola'ta Sulphu'rctr.
(Formed  by deflagrating  nitrate  of  potass with
sublimed  sulphur.)   Same virtues as  the last.
Dose, gr.  xv to xxx.
  Potassae Sulphuretum, Potassii sulphuretum
— p. Superoxalas, Potassa) oxalas.
  Potassa  Supersul'phas, P.  Bisulphas, Sol
enix'urn seu febrifiugits  of Lem'ery, Super-sulphate
of Potass, Acid Sulphate or Bisulphate of Potass,
Super-protosulphate of  Potas'sium, (F.) Bisulfite
de Potasse.   (The salt  remaining  after the distil-
lation of nitric  acid,  dissolved,  strained,  and
crystallized.)  It  is refrigerant  and purgative.
Dose, 3>ss to ^'j-
  Potassa Supertar'tras Impu'rus, Tar'tarus
crudus, Tar'tarum, Lapis  vini,  Mttgnetlnue, I'e-
dugra,  Tartar,  (F.) Tartre cru  ou  brut.  It is
called,  also,  Tartarum rubrum and  Red  Argot,
when obtained from red wines; Tartarum album
or White Argol, when from white wines.  Tartar
is  the saline deposit from wines ns they become
aged; which attaches  itself to the sides  of the
casks  and  bottles  in  which they are kept.   It
consists of a considerable quantity of acidulous
tartrate of potass, tartrate of lime, silica, alumen,
oxyd of iron,  manganese, and a red colouring
matter, if the wine be red.   It is  chiefly used for
the preparation of cream of tartar.
  Potass.*: Supertar'tras, P. hyper-tar'tras, P.
Bitar'tras (Ph. U. S.)  seu tartras ac"ida, Crys-
talli Tar'tari,  Tartras  Acid'ulus  Potassa pui-us,
T. superpotas'sicus,  T.  subpotas'sicus, Superttit'-
trate of Protox'ide of Potas'sium, Bitartrate or Su-
pertartrate ofi Potass, Crystals of  Tartar, Cremor
Tar'tari,  Cream  of Tartar (when in  powder),
Superior'trate of Potass, (F.) Tartrate  acide de
potasse, Crime de  Tartre.   (The  tartar of wine
purified.)   It requires  60 parts of water at 60°
to dissolve it.  It is mildly purgative, refrigerant
and  diuretic.  Dissolved in water, with a small
quantity of white wine, some sugar  and lemon-
peel, it forms an  agreeable beverage  in  febrile
diseases, under the  name of Imperial.  Dose, as
a diuretic, gj to g'j  ; as a purgative, ^ss to ^j.
  PotasSjE Tartras, Kali tartariza'tum, Al'cali
fixum tartarisatum,  Tar'tarum solu'bile, Tartarus
tartariza'tus,  Lixiv'ia   Tartarisa'ta,  Sal  Pan-
chres'tum, Tartras Kallnus seu lixiv'ia, Sal vege-
tab'ilis, Alkali vegetab'ile tartarizatum, Tartrate
of Fotass. Soluble  Tartar, (F.) Tartrate de Po-
tasse.  (Potassa  carbon. 3xvj; Potassa  Bitur-
trat. in  pulv. subtiliss. Ibiij, vel q. s., aqua bulli-
entis, cong.   Dissolve the carbonate of potassa in
the  water, add the  bitartrate to saturation, and
boil; filter, evaporate  till a pellicle forms, and
set aside to crystallize.   Pour off  the liquid; dry
the  crystals on  bibulous  paper, and  keep in
closely-stopped  bottles. — Ph.  U. S.)  A saline
cathartic in the dose of ^ij to ^j.
  Potass^? Tartras Acida, P. supertartras—p.
Tartras acidulus  purus, P. supertartras — p. Tar-
tras  stibialis  seu stibiosus, Antimonium tartariza-
tum.
  POTASSE,  ACETATE DE,  Potassae acetas
— p. Bisulphate  de, Potassae  supersulphas—p.
Causliqne, Potassa fusa—p. d la  Chaux, Potas-a
cum calce—p. Chlorate de, Potassae  murias hy-
peroxygenatus—p. Hydriodate de, Potassae hy- 
POTASSII  BROMIDUM       751     POTERIUM  SANGUISORBA
driodas—p. Liquide, Liquor potassae—p. Nitrate
tie,  Potasiii; nitras—p. Prtpurle  avec  la chaux,
Potassa cum calce—p. et de Soude, tartrate de,
Soda, tartrate of—p. Sulfate de, Potassae sulphas
— p. Sulfure de, Potassii  sulphuretum—p. Tar-
trate de,  Potassa) tartras —p. Tartrate  acide de,
Potassa? supertartras.
  POTAS'SII  BRO'MIDUM, Potas'sa  hydro-
bro'mas,  Bromide of potassium, (F.) Bromure  de
Potassium.  (Bromin, ^\y, Ferri fili, ^j ; Potass.
carbon.  3|ij and !Jj,  vel q. s.; Aq. destillat., Oiv.
Add the iron filings and  bromine to a pint and a
half of the water;  stirring for half an hour.  Ap-
ply a gentle  heat, and when the liquor assumes
a greenish colour, add gradually the carbonate of
potassa,  dissolved in Oiss of the  water, until  it
ceases to cause a precipitate.  Continue the heat
for half an hour, and filter.  Wash  the precipitate
with the  remaining water, boiling  hot, and filter.
Mix the liquors and crystallize by  evaporation.—
Ph. U. S.)  Virtues : — those of iodide  of iron.
  Potassii Cyanidum, P. Cyanuretum.
  Potassii Cyanure'tum,  P.  Cyan'idum,  Cya-
nuret of Potassium,  Hydrocy'anute ofi Potassa.
(Potassii Ferrocyanur.,  in  pulv.  ^viij ; Potass.
Carbonat.  exsiccat.,  ^iij.   Mix  intimately and
throw into a deep iron crucible, heated to red-
ness ; keep up the heat till effervescence  ceases,
and the  fused  mass  concretes, of  a pure white
colour, upon a warm glass  rod dipped into it;
then  pour out the liquid carefully into  a shallow
dish to solidify, stopping before the salt becomes
contaminated with the precipitated iron.   Break
up  the mass whilst warm, and preserve in well-
stopped bottles.—Ph. U. S.)  Used in  the same
cases as  the  hydrocyanic acid.  Dose,  a quarter
of a grain.
  Potassii Deuto-carbonas, Potassae  carbonas.
  Potassii Ferrocyanure'tum, P. Ferrocyarl-
iduin, Ferrocy'anide  or Ferrocyan'uret  of Potas-
sium, Ferrocy'anate or Ferroprussiate or Prussi-
ate of Potassa, (F.) Protocyanure jaune de fer  et
de potassium, Cyanure de fer et de potassium. The
yellow double  cyanuret  of potassium  and iron,
the salt from which the cyanuret of potassium  is
obtained by calcination.   It is not much used in
medicine.  It has  been advised as an astringent
in the colliquative sweats  of phthisis, in leucor-
rhoea, <fcc.; but it does not seem to be  possessed
of much activity.  Dose, 10 or 15 grains every
four or five hours.
  Potassii Hydrar'gyro-iod'idum, Potassa lo-
dohydrar'gyras,Hydrargyrum biiodatumcum kalio
iodato, Kalium iodatum  hydrargyratum,  Iodhy-
drar'gyrate or Hydrargyro-iodide  of Potassium.
This  salt is made by the combination  of iodide
of potassium with red  iodide  ofi  mercury.  Its
properties  are  similar  to  those of the  iodides of
mercury, but in a less degree.
  Potassii Iodidum, Potassae hydriodas — p. Io-
duretum, Potassae  hydriodas — p.  Oxygeno-chlo-
ruietuin, Potassae  murias  hyperoxygenatus — p.
Protsxidi hydriodas. Potassae hydriodas.
  Potassii Sulpho-cvanure'tum, Sulpho-cyan'-
uret ofi Potas'sium.   This  salt has  been  prepared
ns a substitute  for hydrocyanic acid, and cyanu-
ret  of potassium,  on  the ground of its possessing
their advantages without their inconveniences.
  Potassii Sulphurf'tum, Potas'sa Sulphure'-
tum sen tcrsulphure'tnm, Kali sulphuretum,  Hepar
Sitlph'uris, II.  sulphuris sail num, seu sulph'uris
vttlgu're,   Sulphure'tu in  lixiv'ia  sen  ka'licum,
Liver ofi Sulphur, Sulphuret of Potass, (F.) Sul-
fure  de  potasse,  Sulfure  de potassium sulfate, I
Foie de  Soufre.  (Sulphur. £). Potassa  carb. j|ij. I
Rub them  together,  and  place the mixture in a I
covered  crucible  upon the  fire until they unite. ]
It has been  employed in affections of the  chest,
as an expectorant, in the dose of from ^ss to gj,
largely diluted ; but it  is chiefly used as a bath
or wash in cases of itch, tinea capitis, and other
cutaneous affections.)
  Potassii  Tersulphuretum,  Potassii sulphu-
retum.
  POTASSIUM.   Same etymon as potash.   The
metallic base of potassa.
  POTASSIUM, BROMURE DE, see Bromine
—p. Cyanuret of, Potassii cyanuretum—p. Ferro-
cyanide of, Potassii ferrocyanuretum — p. Ferro-
cyanuret of, Potassii ferrocyanuretum—p. Iodide
of, Potassae  hydriodas — p. Iodohydrargyrate of,
Potassii hydrargyro-iodidum—p.  lodure de, Po-
tassae hydriodas—p. Oxide of, Potass — p. Proto-
arsenite of, Arsenite of protoxide of potassium—p.
Protochlorate of, Potassae murias hyperoxygena-
tus— p. Protonitrate of, Potassae nitras — p. Pro-
toxide of, Potass—p. Protoxide of, nitrate of, Po-
tassae nitras — p. Protoxide  of, superoxalate of,
Potass, oxalate of—p. Protoxide of, supertartrate
of,  Potassae  supertartras — p. Protosulphate  of,
Potassae  sulphas—p. Sulfure de, sulfate, Potassii
sulphuretum — p. Sulphuret  of,  Potassii sulphu-
retum— p. Superprotosulphate of, Potassae super-
sulphas.
  POTATO,  Solanum tuberosum.
  Potato Fly, Lytta vittata.
  Potato, Hog, Convolvulus panduratus.
  Potato Oil, Oil,  fusel.  By distilling potato oil
with anhydrous phosphoric acid, a volatile color-
less oily liquid is procured, which  is lighter than
water, and  boils  at 102°.  This is  Anlylene or
Am'ylen, (F.) Arnylene.   It is best prepared from
fusel oil  by  the action of chloride of zinc.  The
vapour has been employed as an anaesthetic.
  Potato,  Spanish, Convolvulus  batatas — p.
Sweet, Convolvulus batatas.
  Potato Vine, Wild, Convolvulus  panduratus.
  Potato, Wild, Convolvulus panduratus.
  POTBELLY, Physconia.
  POTECARY, Apothecary.
  POTELEE, Hyoscyamus.
  POTENTIA, Force*
  Poten'tia seu Potes'tas  Coeun'di, Capability
of copulation.
  Potentia Generan'di.  The  power of procre-
ation.
  Potentia Irritans, Stimulus.
  POTEN'TIAL,  Potentia'lis,  (F.)  Potentiel ;
from potens, 'able.'  An epithet for remedies which,
although energetic, do not act till  sometime after
their application.   The  caustic alkalies, for in-
stance, are called Potential cauteries  in contradis-
tinction to the hot iron, which is termed actual.
  POTENTILLA,  P. reptans.
  Potentil'la Anseri'na. P. argenti'na seu ?'?»-
po'lita seu  neglec'ta, Argentina vulga'ris, Fra-
ga'ria anserina, Ar'gentine, Chenobos'con,  Ar-
geuta'ria, Anserina,  Silver  Weed, Wild  Tansy,
Moorgrass, (F.) Argentine, Potentille, Herbe  aux
oies.  Ord.  Rosaceae.  The  leaves  are  mildly
astringent and tonic.
  Potentilla Argentina, P. anserina — p.  Im-
polita, P. anserina — p.  Neglecta,  P. anserina.
  Potentilla Norveg"ica,  Norway Cinque-foil,
an indigenous plant, is possessed  of similar pro-
perties.
  Potentilla Palustris. Comarum palustre.
  Potentil'la Reptans,  Pentiipliylluin, Fraga'-
ria pentaphyl'furn,  Potentilla,  Quinquefo'lium,
Q. majus, Common cinquefioil, (F.) Potentille rttm-
pante, Qnintefeuille.  The roots are  possessed of
astringent properties.
  Potentilla Tormentilla, Tormentilla.
  POTENTILLE, Potentilla anserina—/?. Ram-
pante, Potentilla reptans.
  POTENTIZING. see Dvnamic.
  POTERIUM   SANGUISORBA,   Pimpinella
saxifraga. 
POTESTAS  COEUNDI         752
FOULS
  POTESTAS  COEUNDI, Potentia coeundi—p.
Generandi, Potentia generandi.
  POTEX, Anus.
  POTHOMOR'PHA PELTA'TA, Pothomor'phe
pelta'ta, (pothos, and poptjrn, 'shape,') Caapeba [?].
A  Brazilian  plant, Order,  Piperaceae,  which  is
possessed  of diuretic properties,  and has  been
given in strangury.
  Pothomorpha  Umbella'ta, also called  Caa-
peba  [?], is used in Brazil to modify nutrition, as
in  glandular affections,  in which it is also given
externally in the form of decoction.
  POTHOS F(ETIDA,  Dracontium fcetidum—p.
Putorii, Dracontium fcetidum.
  POTIMOS, Potable.
  POTIO,  Drink,  Haustus, Potion — p.  Caleis
carbonatis, Mistura cretae — p. Effervescens anti-
emetica, Potion of Riverius—p. Leniens, Looch
ex ovo — p. Oleosa, Looch ex ovo — p. Picea, see
Pinus sylvestris.
  POTION (¥.), Potio;  from  poto,  'I drink.'
Hydmrle, Hydrolite.  A  liquid  medicine, from 4
to 8 ounces or more in quantity, the composition
of which varies, and which is administered in di-
vided doses.   It corresponds to the English mix-
ture.   See Mistura.
  POTION PECTORALE, Looch ex ovo.
  Potion  op Rive'rius.  A mixture of Lemon
Juice  and Subcarbonate of Potass, — generally
given in a state of effervescence.   It is the Potio
efferves'cens  anti-emelica  dicta Rive'rii, of the
Parisian codex.   The  name in the codex indi-

   POTIONIS  DESIDERIUM, Thirst.
   PO Till ON, Cucurbita pepo.
   POTIUNCULA, Haustus.
   POTOPARANCEA, Delirium tremens.
   POTOS, Potable.
   POTOTROMOPARANCEA, Delirium tremens.
   POTTINGAR,  Apothecary.
   POTT'S CURVATURE, Vertebral disease.
   POTT'S DISEASE,  Vertebral disease.
   POTUS, Drink — p.  Hippocraticus,  Claret.
   POU, Pediculus.
   POUCE, Pollex, see Digitus.
   POUCHED, Encysted.
   POUCHES,   LARYNGEAL,  see  Laryngeal
pouches.
   POUDRE, Powder,  Pulvis—p. Absorbante et
anti-acide,  Pulvis de magnesia compositus—p.
d'Alitn composie, Pulvis sulphatis  aluminae com-
positus— p. Antiarthritiqne amere,  Pulvis de
amaris compositus —p. Antiasthmatique,  Pulvis
de sulphure  et scillst—p. Antimoniale composie ou
de James,  Antimonial  powder—p. Aroinatique,
Pulvis cinnamomi compositus—p. d'Asarum  com-
posee dite sternutatoire, Pulvis asari  compositus
—p. Balsamique, Pulvis myrrhae  compositus—p.
de Birckmann, Pulvis de aro compositus —p.  de
Blanchement, Calcis  chloridum—p. de Cannelie
composee ou aroinatique, Pulvis cinnamomi com-
positus—p.  Castillon, see Powders, Castillon—p.
 Cathartique, Pulvis scammoneae  compositus—p.
 Gaustique  du frere Cosine, Powder, arsenical, of
 C6me—p. de Chypre, see Cladonia rangiferrina—
 p. du Comte de Palme, Magnesiae carbonas—p.
 Cornachine,  Pulvis cornachini—p. de Come bru-
 lie avec opium, Pulvis  cornu usti  cum  opio — p.
 Coton, see Collodion—p. de Crate composee, Pul-
 vis cretae compositus—p. de Craie composee avec
 opium, see Pulvis creta? compositus cum opio—p.
 de Dower, Pulvis  ipecacuanha? compositus—p. du
 Due  de Portland, Pulvis  Ducis Portlandiae—p.
 de Dupuytren, Powder of Dupuytren —p. Gazi-
 fire  laxative,  Powders,  Seidlitz—p. Guziflre
 simple, Powders, soda—p. de Gomme adragant
 composie, Pulvis tragacanthae compositus — p. de
 Gomme gntte, Pulvis e  gummi gutta,—p. Hydra-
 tjogue, Pulvis e gummi gutta,—p. Incisive, Pulvis
de sulphure et scilla—p. d'Ipecacuanha et opium,
Pulvis ipecacuanhic  compositus—jr.  de Jalap
composie, Pulvis jalapa) compositus—p. de Kino
composee, Pulvis kino  compositus—p. de la Mi-
randole, Pulvis Ducis Portlandiu;—p. de Pf-rani,
Pulvis de  senna,  scaminoneS, et  lignis—p. de
Qnercetanus, Pulvis e gummi gutta—p. de Rouh-
selot,  Powder, arsenical, of Come—p. de Saint
Ange, Pulvis asari compositus—p.  de Savon rc,j(.
tale, Pulvis gummosus alkalinus—p. de Seammo-
nee composie, Pulvis scammoneae compositus—p.
de Sedlitz,  Powders, Seidlitz — p. de Sine  compo-
sie, Pulvis  sennae comp.—p. de Sentinelli, Mag-
nesiae carbonas—p. Styptique,  Pulvis sulphatis
aluminae compositus.
  POUDRE  SUBTIL  DE DEL CROIX.   A
fashionable depilatory " for removing superfluous
hair in less than ten minutes."  It is said  to con-
sist of Quicklime and Sulphuret ofi Arsenic, with
some vegetable powder.— Paris.
  POUDRE  TEMPERANTE  DE  STAHL,
Pulvis de  sulphate  potassae compositus — p. de
Tennant, Calcis chloridum—p. de Valentin!, Mag-
nesiae carbonas—p. Vermifuge mercurielle, Pulvis
e sulphureto hydrargyro. nigro et scammonio—p.
Vermifuge  sans mercure, Pulvis ex helminthocorto
compositus.
  POUDRE  DE  ZWINGER, Magnesia)  car-
bonas.
  POUGUES, MINERAL WATERS OF. These
alkaline waters  are in the department of Nievre,
France.  They contain carbonic acid, carbonates
of soda, lime, and magnesia; chloride of sodium;
alumina, and silica, with protoxide of iron.
  POUKE, Papula.
  POU LAIN, Bubo.
  POU LET,  VIN DE (F.) Pullet Wine.   A
disgusting  preparation, made by infusing  the ex-
crement of the pullet in white wine.  According
to Nysten, it is employed by  the vulgar in  Prance
in a number of diseases, and especially in falls,
contusions, &c.
   POULIOT,  Mentha pulegium.
  POULS, Pulse—p. Abdominal,  Pulsus inferior
—p. des Adnltes, Pulse, natural—p. Agile, Pulsus
fortis—p. Bas, Pulse, low—p. Capital, Pulse,
nasal—p. Combini, Pulse, complex—p.Compliijne,
Pulse, complex—p. Compose, Pulse, complex—/).
Concentri,  Pulse, contracted—p. Defaillunt, Pul-
sus deficiens—p. Deprime, Pulse, depressed — /?.
Diveloppi, Pulse, developed — p. de la Diuriin't',
Pulse, intestinal—p. Dttr, Pulse, hard—jr. Elere,
Pulse, ardent — p.  Embarrussi,  Pulsus intricatua
—p. de lEstomac,  Pulse, stomachal — p. Etroit,
Pulsus  strictus—p. de lExpectoration, Pubc,
pectoral—p. Faible, Pulse, feeble—p. du Foie,
Pulse, hepatic—p. Grand, Pulse, large—p. Insen-
sible, Pulsus deficiens—p.  Intcrcadent, Pulse, in-
termittent—p.  des Intestins,  Pulse, intestinal— p.
Languissant, Pulse, languid—p. Lent, Pulse, slow
— j). de la Matrice, Pulsus uterinus—p. Muderi,
Pulse, natural—p. Mon, Pulse, soft — p.  de Nez,
Pulse, nasal — p. Ondoynnt, Pulse, undulating —
 p. Ondulant, Pulse, undulating — p.  Puljritaitl,
Pulse, tremulous—p. Parfait, Pulse, natural—p,
Petit, Pulse, small—p. Plein,  Pulse, full — ;'•
 Pricipiti,  Pulse,  frequent—p. Profond, Pulse,
deep—p.  Promjrt, Pulse, sharp — p. Rare, Pulse,
slow — p.  Rebondissant, Pulsus  dicrotus — p. Re-
 double, Pulsus dicrotus—p. des Regies, Pulsus
 uterinus—p. Roide, Pulse, tense—p. Sermtile,
 Pulsus serrinus—jr. Serri, Pulse, contracted—p.
 de la Sueur, Pulsus sudoralis—p. Tardif, Pulse,
 slow—p.   Tendu,  Pulse,  tense—p.  Tremblunt,
 Pulse, tremulous— p. de VUrine, Pulsus  urinalis
 —p. Vehement, Pulsus fortis—p.  Ventral, Pulsus
 inferior—p. Vide, Pulsus vacuus—p.  Vif, Pulse,
 sharp —p. Vite, Pulse,  sharp. 
POULTICE
7 53
POX
  POULTICE,  Cataplasm.  For  different poul-
tices, see Cataplasm aud Cataplasma.
  POUNCE, Sandarac.
  POUND,  Libra, Litra, Xtrpa,  Pondo,  Ba-
qe'dia  (of twelve  oz.),  Ilarda'dia,  (F.)  Livre,
from pondere, ' to weigh.'   A weight, consisting
of twelve ounces Troy,—sixteen ounces  avoirdu-
pois.  See Weights and Measures.
  POP R DM ILK, Colostrum.
  POU IIP IE ll CULTIVE, Portulaca.
  POUR PRE, Purpura—jo. Blanc, Miliary fe-
ver— p.  de Cassine, Purple of Cassius.
  POURRITUIIE, Putrefaction—^. d'Hdpital,
Ilospital gangrene.
  POUS, Pes.
  POUSSE, Pursiness.
  POUSSEE,  Lichen.
  PO-USSIERE TUBERCULEUSE (¥.), 'Tu-
berculous Dust.'  A name given  by MM.  Rilliet
and Barthez to  fine white or yellow minute points
of tuberculous  matter occurring in myriads, so as
to be likened to dust.
   POUSSIF, see Pursiness.
   POW, Head.
   POWDER, Pulvis.
   Powder of  jEthio'pia, Guy's.  A once cele-
brated  anthelmintic,  which  consisted  of pure
rasped tin, mercury, and  sulphur, triturated to-
 gether.
   Powder of  Aloes, Compound,  Pulvis  aloes
 compositus, Pulvis sulphatis aluminae compositus
— p. of Aloes with canella, Pulvis aloes cum ca-
 nella— p.  Alum,  compound,  Pulvis  sulphatis
 aluminae compositus—p. Antimonial, Chenevix's,
 Antimonial powder — p. Aromatic, Pulvis cinna-
 momi  compositus.
   Powder, Arsen'ical, op C6me, Clime's powder,
 (F.) Poudre catistique du fre~re Cosme ou  de Itoits-
 selot — a caustic — is formed of arsenious acid, gr.
 x; red sulphuret of mercury, gr. xl ; powdered
 animal charcoal, gr. x.  It is made into a paste
 with mucilage.
   Powder, Arsen'ical, op Justamond, is made
 by  melting suljjhuret of antimony  16  parts;
 ar8e?n'oi<8 acid  1 part, in a crucible.  When  the
 mass is  cold it must be reduced to powder, and
 five parts of extract ofi opium be added.
   Powder op  Arum, compound, Pulvis  de  aro
 compositus—p. of Asarabacca, compound, Pulvis
 asari compositus—p. of Bladder-wrack, yellow,
 Pulvis  quercus marinae—p. Bleaching,  Calcis
 chloridum—p. Camboge, Pulvis e  gummi gutta—
 p.  Cardinal del Lugo's,  Cinchona—p. Castillon,
 see Powders, Castillon—p. of Catechu, compound,
 Pulvis Catechu compositus—p.  of Chalk, com-
 pound, Pulvis  cretae compositus — p. of Chalk
 with opium, compound, Pulvis  cretae compositus
 cum opio—p.  of Cinnamon, compound,  Pulvis
 oinnamomi compositus — p. C&me's, Powder arse-
 nical of C6me — p. of Contrayerva,  compound,
 Pulvis contrayerva1  compositus — p. Countess's,
 Cinchona—p. Countess of Kent's, Cantianus pul-
 vis— p.  Cyprus, Hibiscus abelmoschus — p. Do-
 ver's, Pulvis ipecacuanha  compositus.
   Powder op Dupuytren (Caustic;)  (F.l Pou-
 dre de Dupuytren, formed of 1  part of arsenious
 acid and 200 parts  of mild chloride of  mercury.
A  mild and manageable  caustic for causing an
eschar on exposed surfaces, and in lupus,  <tc.
   Powder, Earl of Warwick's, Pulvis corna-
chini—p. of Ethiopia, Powder  of ^Ethiopia.
   Powder op  Faynard.  A celebrated powder
for  arresting  hemorrhage,  said  to be nothing
more than the charcoal of beech wood finely pul-
verized.
  Powder, Fever,  Schwanberg's, Antimonial
powder.
      48
  Powder-Folder,  In Pharmacy, an apparatus
by which papers containing powders are folded
of the desired length.
  Powder, Ginger-beer, see Amomum zingiber
—p. Gout, Duke of Portland's, Pulvis Ducis Port-
landiae — p. Gray,  Hydrargyrum cum creta, — p.
of burnt Hartshorn  with opium,  Pulvis  cornu
cervi cum  opio—p.  of Ipecacuanha, compound,
Pulvis  ipecacuanha)  compositus — p. of Jala]),
compound,  Pulvis jalapae compositus—p. James's
factitious, Antimonial powder — p. Jesuit's, Cin-
chona— p.  of Kino, compound, Pulvis kino com-
positus.
  Powder, Knox's.  A disinfecting preparation,
composed  of eight parts of chloride of sodium,
and three parts of chlorinated time.  An ounce,
dissolyed in a tumblerful of water, forms a solu-
tion of proper strength.
  Powder  of Lemonade, see Lemonade — p. of
Magnesia, compound, Pulvis de magnesia  com-
positus— p. of the Marquis, Marchionis pulvis—
p. Mead's, against  the bite  of a Mad dog, Pulvis
antilyssus—p. Myrrh, compound, Pulvis myrrha?
compositus—p. Portland, Pulvis Ducis Portlandiie
—p. of Rhubarb, compound,Pulvis rhei compositus
—p. Saline, compound, Pulvis salinus compositus
— p. of the  three Sanders, see  Dhitrium — p.
Scammony  and aloes, Pulvis scammonii cum aloe
— p. Scammony,  compound, Pulvis  scaminonim
compositus—p. of  Senna, compound, Pulvis sen-
nae compositus—p. Sneezing, see Yeratrutn album
—p. Spruce beer, see Spruce beer—p. of Sympathy,
Sympathetic powder — p. Talbor's, Cinchona —
— p. Tennant's,  Calcis chloridum—p. Tonquin,
Pulvis cobbii — p.  Tooth,  Dentifrice — p.  Tra-
gacanth, compound,  Pulvis tragacantha?  compo-
situs.
  Powder, Vien'na, is  composed  of equal parts
of quicklime and potassa cum  calce.  In using
it, it is  made into a paste— Vienna paste, (F.)
Catistique de Vienne, Pdte Caustiqiie de Vienne—
—with spirits of wine, and is applied on the dis-
eased part, previously circumscribed by a hole
cut in a sticking plaster.
  To be left on from 10 to 20 minutes, according
to the depth of the eschar required.  Used in
cases of lupous ulceration.
  By fusing the potass and lime, and raising  the
heat so as to cause ebullition, the  caustic may be
run into cylinders :—when  it is  called Caustique-
Filhos,  Caus'ticum Viennen'se fusum Filhos, from
the name of the author of the process.
   Powders, Castillon, or Castilhon, so called
from the name of the physician who first proposed
them.  They are formed of sago, in powder; salep,
in powder; tragacanth,  in powder, each, four
parts ; prepared oyster-shells, one part, cochineal,
half a part, divided  into powders of  one drachm
each : one  of which  is given three or four times
a day as a  demulcent in diarrhcea and dysentery.
Dorvault makes poudre de Castilhon synonymous
with arrow root.
   Powders, Soda, Pulveres efferveseen'tes, (F.)
Poudres gaziferes simples.  (Soda carb. ^ss, in
each blue paper;  tartaric acid, gr. xxv,  in each
tohite paper; for half a pint of water.) A pleasant,
cooling drink ; taken during the effervescence.
   Seidlitz  Powders, (F.) Poudres gaziferes laxa-
tives ou Poudres de  Sedlitz, contain  one or two
drachms of tartrate  of potassa and  soda, added
to the alkali in blue  paper.
   POWER, Faculty — p. Inherent, Irritability—
p. Sensorial, see Sensorial—p. Tonic, Irritability.
  POX, Syphilis, Variola—p. Chicken, Varicella.
   Pox Doctor, Syphilidiater.
   Pox,  French, Syphilis—p. Grease, see Grease
—p. Horn, see Varicella—p. Noddle, Syphiloma-
nia —p. Small, Variola—p. Swine, see Varicella
—p. Water, see Varicella. 
POZZUOLT, MINERAL  WATERS OF  75 4
PREDISPOSITION
  POZZUOLT, MINERAL WATERS OF.  Poz-
zuoli is in  the  neighbourhood of Naples.   The
springs are, 1. Aqua delta pietra, Temp. 91° Fah.
2. Acqua di Cavalcanti, Temp. 100°.  A. tli sub-
reni homini, Temp. 102° ; A. del cantarello, Temp.
86 to 89° ;  and  that of the Temple of Serapis in
Pozzuoli, Temp. 102 to 107°.  The last contains
carbonic acid, carbonates of lime, magnesia, alu-
mina,  and  iron, carbonate of  soda, chloride  of
sodium, sulphate of lime, and silica.
  PRACTICE  OF PHYSIC, Therapeutics.
  PRACTITIONER,  GENERAL, Surgeon apo-
thecary—p. Irregular, see Irregular—p. Regular,
see Regular—p. Routine, Routinist.
  PRJE.  In composition, means 'before.'
  PRjEBIUM, Dose.
  PR.ECAUTIO, Prophylaxis.
  PR.ECIPITANS,   Absorbent —p.  Magnum,
Sepia.
  PRAECIPITATUM  ALBUM, Hydrargyrum
praecipitatum.
  PR.ECIPITATUS  RUBER, Hydrargyri ni-
trico-oxydum.
  PRiECISIO  PR^EPUTII, Circumcision.
  PR-55COCIA, Prunus Armeniaca.
  PRECOCITY, Precocity.
  PRjECOGNITIO, Prognosis.
  PRyECORD'IA, from  pra,  and  cor, cordis,
' the heart.'  The diaphragm ; also, the thoracic
viscera, and the epigastrium.
  Pr.ecor'dial or  Precordial Region, Re'gio
pracordiaca  seu  pracordia'lis, is the epigastric
region.  Also, and more  properly, the region of
tbe heart.  A line drawn from the inferior mar-
gins of the third ribs across the sternum, passes
over the valves of the pulmonary artery a little
to the left of the mesial line, and  those of the
aorta are behind them, but about half an inch
lower down.  A vertical line, coinciding with the
left margin of  the sternum, has about  one-third
of the heart,  comprising the  upper portion  of the
right ventricle, on the right, — and two-thirds,
comprising the lower portion of the  right ventri-
cle and the whole of the left, on the left.   This
is the  praecordial region.
  PR^ECORDIUM, Fossette du coeur — p. Pedis,
Metatarsus.
  PRECOX  MATURITAS, Precocity.
  PRiECUSTODIA, Prophylaxis.
  PR^IDIASTOLICUS, Prediastolic.
  PR.EDICTIO, Prognosis.
  PR^DISPOSITIO, Predisposition.
  PR^DIVINATIO, Mantia.
  PRjEDOMIN'IUM, from pra, and domo,  domi-
tum, ' I subdue.'  Predominance of one thing over
another.
   Pr.edomin'ium Aqvm.   A  predominance  of
watery fluid,  — Tenu't'tas aqno'sa.
   Pr.eoominium San'guinis Arterio'si. A pre-
dominance of  arterial blood, Arterios'itas san'-
guinis.
   Pr^idomin'ium San'guinis Veno'si,  Venos'itas
San'guinis.  Predominance of venous blood.
   PR-rEFOCATIO,  Orthopnoea,  Suffocation — p.
Faucium, Angone—p. Matricis, Angone—p. Ute-
rina, Angone.
  PRyEFOCATION, Strangulatio uterina.
   PRiEFORMATIO,  Preformation.
   PR^EGNANS.  Pregnant.
   PR^EGNAS, Pregnant.
   PR^EGNATIO, Fecundation, Pregnancy.
   PR.EGNATUS, Fecundation, Pregnancy.
   PRjEGNAX, Pregnant.
   PRiEGUSTATIO. Avant-gout.
   PR^EHKNSIO, Prehensio.
  PR^ELIN'GUA.  The anterior part  or  tip of
the tongue.
  PRiELIUM, Coition,  Press,  Tourniquet—p.
Arteriale, Tourniquet.
  PR^ELUMBARIS, Prelumbar.
  PK.ENOTIO, Prognosis.
  P K M N U N TIA TIO, Prognosis.
  PR^EPARATIO,  Preparation—p. Chyli, Chy-
lification.
  PR/EPARATUM, Preparation.
  PR^EPOTEN'TIA,  from  pra,  and  jrotens,
' powerful,'  Great power or strength.
  Pr.kpoten'tia Viri'lis.  Great, or  too great
procreative power on the part of the male.
  PRvE POTTO, Propotismus.
  PRiEPUTIALIS. Preputial.
  PR/EPUTIUM,  Prepuce.
  PR.ESAGIUM, Mantia.
  PRiESCIENTIA, Prognosis.
  PR/ESCTTIO, Prognosis.
  PR.ESCRIPTK), Prescription.
  PRiESCRIPTUM, Prescription.
  PRyESEPIOLUM, Alveolus.
  PR.ESEPIUM,  Alveolus.
  PR/ESERVATIO, Prophylaxis.
  PR.ESERVATIVUM, Amuletum.
  PRyESERVATO'RIA INDICA'TIO.  A pre-
servative indication ; one proper for preventing
the development of disease.
  PR^ESERVATORIUS, Prophylactic.
  PR/ESPINALIS, Prespinal.
  PR^ETIBIALIS, Pretibial.
  PRAIRIE BUSH,  STINKING, Ptelea trifo-
liata— p. Pines, Liatris.
  PRASINUM VIRIDE, Cupri subacetas.
  PRASINUS, Porraceous.
  PRASI'TES,  from prasium, ' horehound.1
Wine in  which the  leaves of horehound have
been infused.
  PRASIUM, Marrubium.
  PRASUM, Allium prasum.
  PRAXIS, Action.
  Praxis Med'ica.   The practical  exercise of
the healing art.
  PREASER, Rennet.
  PRECIPITATE, RED,  Hydrargyri nitrico-
oxydum — p. White. Hydrargyrum praecipitatum.
  PRECIPITA'TION; Pracipita'tio,  (F.) Pri-
cipiti, from pracipitare, pracipitaturn, (jrra, and
caput, ' the head,')  ' to throw headlong.'  The ac-
tion  by which a body abandons a liquid in which
it is  dissolved, and  becomes deposited at the bot-
tom  of the vessel.  The matter, so thrown down
or precipitated, is called a precipitate.
  PRECIPITATION DE LA MATRICE, Pro-
cidentia uteri.
  PRECIPITE BLANC, Hydrargyrum praeci-
pitatum—p.  Noir, see Hydrargyri  oxydum cine-
reum—p. Oxydum per se, Hydrargyri nitrico-oxy-
dum—p. Rouge, Hydrargyri nitrico-oxydum.
  PRECOCITY, Preco'cionsness, (F.)  Prh-ucitt,
Pracox matu'ritas, Matu'rity  preco'citrus, from
pra, ' before,' and coquere, ' to cook.'  Rapid de-
velopment before the usual time. See Proeotia.
  PRECORDIAL, Praecordial.
  PRECUR'SORY, Pr-acnrso'rins. (F.) Pricnr-
seur, from pra, and curro, cursum, 'I run.' That
which  precedes.
  Precur'sory or Premon'itory Signs or Symp-
toms, (F.)  Signes  pricurseurs  ou  primonitoircs,
S. avant coureurs,  are  those which indicate an
approaching disease.
  PREDIASTOLIC. Pradiastol'icut, from prat,
and  diastole.  That which precedes the diastole
of the heart,—as 'prediastolic friction sound.'
  PREDISPONENT  or  PREDISPOSING
CAUSES, see Causes, predisponent.
  PREDISPOSFT'ION, Pradisposil'io, Semin'-
ia morbo'ruin (Gaubius) ; from pra, and di«pt>-
nere, dispositum, 'to  dispose.'  (F.) Imminence
morbide.   That constitution  or condition of the
body, which  disposes  it to the action  of disease 
PREDORSAL
PREGNANCY
under the application of an exciting cause.  Thus,
in hereditary diseases, the conformation is such,
that but a slight exciting cause  may be required
to produce them.  When the disease arises solely
from the  predisposition, or under the additional
influence  of an extremely slight exciting cause,
it is, by some, termed a disposition.
   PKEDOR'SAL, Pradorsa'lis, from pra,  and
dorsum, 'the back.'   That which is  in front of
the back.
   Pr^dorsal Region of the vertebral column is
the anterior surface of the dorsal region.
   PRE-DORSO-ATLOIDIEN, Longus colli.
   PRE-DORSO-CERVICAL, Longus eolli.
   PRE-EXISTENCE  OF  GERMS, see  Pre-
 formation.
   PREFORMA'TION, Prafiorma'tio, from pra,
 'before,'  and fiormutio,  'forming.'   An  ancient
 theory of generation, which maintained that the
 germ of every part exists, but not visibly, before
 fecundation,  and that fecundation occasions their
 development.  It was the doctrine of jn-e-exist-
 ence of germs.
   PREG'NANCY, Pragna'tio,  Pragna'tus, Im-
 pragna'tio, Ingravida'tio, from  pra,  and genere,
 'to beget;'  Hysterocye'sis, Gravid'itas,  G.  ute-
 rina, En'cymon, Cye'sis,  Encye'sis,  En'cysis,
 Encymo'sia,   Cyojiho'ria,  Gesta'tion,  Fteta'tion,
 Ingraritla'tion,  Utero-gesta'tion; (F.)  Grossesse.
 The state of a female who has within her a fecun-
 dated gerra, which gradually becomes developed in
 or out of the uterus.  When placed in the cavity of
 the uterus,—by virtue of the vital principle which
 animates it, it becomes attached to the inner sur-
 face of that viscus, and obtains from it indirectly
 the nutriment necessary for its gradual develop-
 ment, during the space of ten  lunar months or
 two hundred and eighty days—the ordinary  term
 or duration of gestation, although the period  may
 be protracted to 300 days or upwards,—at the
 expiration of which parturition occurs.   Preg-
 nancy is  commonly limited to a single foetus: at
 times, the uterus contains two or three.—See  Re-
 production.  Occasionally, one or two moles—the
 degenerated  products of conception—:alone occu-
 py the uterus:—at other times, a foetus likewise
 exists.  In certain cases, and owing to accidental
 circumstances, the fecundated  ovum remains in
 the ovarium, or is arrested in the Fallopian tube.
 Pregnancy has, accordingly, been distinguished
 into,  1.  Natural or uterine, when the foetus is
 carried in the cavity of the womb: and, 2.  Pre-
 ternatural or extra-uterine, Erfteta'tion, Concep'-
 tio vitio'sa, Paracye'sis seu Eccye'sis, Ec.thystero-
 eye'sis,  Echthysterocye'sis, Dysto'cia, Dyscye'sis  J
 seu Gravid' itas extra-uteri na, (F.) Grossesse con-
 tre-nature,—when it occurs in the ovarium, tube,
 or cavity of  the abdomen.
   During pregnancy, the female experiences re-
 markable changes in the condition of her organs  j
 and  functions.    The  genital  apparatus  is,  of
 course, most affected.   The  uterus  changes  its
 shape, situation,  size,  and  texture.  The usual
 signs of pregnancy are,—suppression ofthe cata-
 menia;  the  abdomen  gradually enlarging  and
 forming a hard  tumour; the umbilicus prominent  !
 in the latter months;  the  breasts increasing in  I
 size ; the areola round the nipple becoming darker  j
 and the  follicles  more developed: kyestein in the  !
 urine  from an early period ; a bluish tint of the  |
 vagina after the fourth week; about  the  fifth
 month,  the  evidence  by ballottement, the  pia-1
 cental souffle, and the sound  of the  foetal heart;
 heard on auscultation ;  tbo  motion of the foetus
 perceptible,  and  the neck of the  uterus  dimin-  j
 ishing in length  at the advanced periods.
   Preunvnoy, Abdom'inal. Ecci/e'si* ultdamiit'l-
 lis,  Ccliircye'sis, Gravid'itat abdomiiia'lis,  (F.)  '
; Grossesse abdominale.  That in which the ovum
 has escaped into the cavity of the abdomen.
   Pregnancy, Afce'tal, Pregnancy  without a
 foetus, (F.)  Grossesse afioetale  OU  sans fiat us.
 Pregnancy produced by  a  false  or  degenerate
 conception,  or any other affection,  which  has
 given place to unusual development of the uterus.
 Madame Boivin includes in  tins class, sarco-hys,
 teric, hydro-hysteric, gazo-hysteric, and hemato
 hysteric pregnancies.
   Pregnancy, Bigem'inal,  (F.) Grossesse  bigi-
 minale, Double pregnancy.   Pregnancy in which
 there are twins in utero. — Madame Boivin.
   Pregnancy,  Complex, (F.)  Grossesse  corn-
 plexe,  G. inter-extra  utirine, is when  the womb,
 besides a fcetus, contains much water, hydatids,
 a mole, &c.
   Pregnancy, Compound,   Pofybreph'ia, Poly-
 cye'sia, Polycye'sis, (F.) Grossesse composie, is
 when there  are two or three foetuses in the cavity
 of the uterus.
   Pregnancy, Double,  Pregnancy, bigeminal—
 p. Duration of, see Pregnancy—p. Extra-uterine,
 see Pregnancy.
   Preg'nancy, False,  Graviditas spuria,  (F.)
 Grossesse fausse  ou  apparente,  Psendocye'sis.
 Authors have thus called different affections of
 a more or less serious character, which resemble
 pregnancy; so as, at times,  to impose upon  the
 best-informed practitioners.  These diseases may
 be  seated in  the  uterus or  its  dependencies, in
 the intestines or some other part of the abdomen.
 They may be; — a mole, hydatids, water, blood,
 or polypus distending the parietes of the uterus;
 — chronic enlargement  ofthe  uterus;  develop-
 ment of tumours, &c, in  its substance ;—scirrhus;
 dropsy of the ovaria;  ascites;  tympanites, <tc.
   Pregnancy,  Fcetal,   (F.)  Grossesse  fwtalc.
 Pregnancy  in  which there  is a foetus, or more
 than one, in  the  uterus  or  out of it.   Madame
 Boivin puts in this class—the solitary, bigeminal,
 trigeminal,  and  sarco-fioctal pregnancies, which
 form the first order;  and the tubal, orarial, and
 abdominal,  which constitute  the second.
    Pregnancy,  Gazo-hyster'ic,  (F.)  Grossesse
  Gazo-hystiriqite.   Afeetal pregnancy, caused by
 development  of air  or gas   in the cavity of  tbe
 womb. — Madame Boivin.
    Pregnancy, H.e.uato-hysteric, (F.) Grossesse
 liemato-ltysterique.  Afoetal  pregnancy, caused
 by accumulation  of blood in the uterus.—Madame
 Boivin.
    Pregnancy, Hydro-hysteric,  (F.) Grossesse
 hydro-hystiriqiie.   A fie tal pregnancy, occasioned
 by the secretion and accumulation of serous fluid
 in the uterus.
    Pregnancy,  Interstit"ial,  Gravid'itas  in
  uteri substantia seu interstitia'lis.  The develop-
  ment of the embryo in  the  proper substance of
  the  uterus.   The case generally terminates fatally
  at an  early period of gestation ; the thin external
  paries of the uterus being ruptured, and the ovum
  passing into the abdominal  cavity.
    Pregnancy,  Morbid,  Paracye'sis,  Dysto'cia,
  Di/scuc'sis.   Tbe progress of pregnancy disturbed
  or endangered by the supervention of general or
  local disorder. — Good.
    Pregnancy, Ova'rian, (F.) Grossesse orarienne
  ou   de lovttire,  Eccye'sis avu'ria,  Oiirincye'tis,
  Oocr/e'sis,  Grarid'itas u'teri  seu extra-iiterlna in
  ora'rio.   Pregnancy in  which  tbe foetus is  de-
  veloped in the interior of the ovary.
    Pregnancy. Plea of. A plea, which a woman,
  capitally convicted, may set up in  arrest of exe-
  cution until she  is  delivered.   See Jury of Ma-
  trons, and De ventre inspiciendo.
    Pregnancy,  Pretend'ed.  The criminal  act
  of a female, who, not havini been delivered, pre-
  sents an infant as having been born of her.  (F.) 
PREGNANT               756            PRESCRIPTION
 Supposition  de part.   (This  term, in  French,
 likewise includes the case of a female, who, hav-
 ing been delivered of a dead child, substitutes for
 it a living child which is not hers.)
   Pregnancy, Sarco-fcetal, (F.) Grossesse sar-
 c.o-fcetale.   Pregnancy in which there are one or
 more foetuses, and one or more moles.—Madame
 Boivin.
   PREGNANCY,SARCO-HYSTERIC,(F.)Crro«*esSegar-
 co-hysterique. Afcetal pregnancy formed by moles,
 hydatids, or a false conception.—Madame Boivin.
   Pregnancy, Sol'itary, (F.) Grossesse solitaire
 ou simple.   Pregnancy in which there is a  single
 foetus. — Madame Boivin.
   Pregnancy,  Trigeminal, (F.)  Grossesse tri-
 giminale ou triple.  Pregnancy in which  there
 are three foetuses in the cavity of the uterus. —
 Madame Boivin.
   Pregnancy,  Tubal,  (F.)  Grossesse  tubaire,
 Eccye'sis  tuba'lis,  Gravid'itas  tubn'ria.  Preg-
 nancy where the  fcetus remains and is developed
 in the Fallopian tube.
   Pregnancy, Uterine, see Pregnancy.
   Pregnancy, Utero-abdom'inal, (F.)  Grossesse
 utiro-abdominale.  Pregnancy  consisting of two
 foetuses; one in the uterus —the other in the ab-
 dominal cavity. — Madame Boivin.
   Pregnancy, Utero-ova'rial,  (F.)   Grossesse
 utiro-ovarienne.  Pregnancy with  two  foetuses,
 one in the womb, the other in the ovary.
   Pregnancy, Utero-tubal,  (F.)  Grossesse uti-
 ro-tubaire.  Pregnancy in which there is  at the
 same time a foetus  in the womb and another in
vthe Fallopian tube.
   PREGNANT,  Pragn'tns, Pragnas, Pragnax,
 Fetus, Foetus, Encar'jvrs. Grav'ida, Plena mu'lier,
 Incinc'ta, Gravid, Breeding, (Old Eng.)  Beating.
 Same etymon.   (F.) Enceinte.   One in  a state of
 pregnancy : — one  with child.
   PREHENSIO, Catalepsy, Epilepsy.
   PREHEN'SION, Prehen'sio, from prehendere,
 prehension, ' to lay hold of.'   The act  of  laying
 hold of.
   Prehension of Food is the  act of seizing and
 carrying it to the mouth, and introducing  it into
 that cavity.  It is,  also, called Assump'tio, Pro-
 siep'sis, Pros'phora.
    PR&LE, Hippuris vulgaris.
   PRELOMBAIRE, Prelumbar.
   PRELOMBO-PUBIEN,  Psoas parvus —p.
  Trochnntin, Psoas magnus.
   PRELUM,  Press — p. Arteriale, Tourniquet.
   PRELUM'BAR,  Pralnmba'ris, (F.) Prilorn-
 baire,  from pra, and  lumbi,  ' the loins.'   That
 which is placed before the loins.   The prelumbar
 surface of the spinal column is the anterior sur-
 face of  the lumbar portion.
   PREMIERES VOIES, Primae  vias.
   PREMOLAR, see Molar teeth.
   PREMONITORY, see Precursory.
   PRENAN'THES. Gall  ofi  the  Earth,  Dewitt
 Snakeroot, Lion's Foot.  There are many species
 of this  indigenous plant, whose root and milky
  juice are very bitter.   They are used in popular
 practice in dysentery;  and in  the form of cata-
 plasm to bites of serpents.
   Prenanthes Alba, Nabalus albus—p. Serpen-
 taria, Nabalus albus.
   PRENDRE INSCRIPTION, see Matriculate.
   PREPARATE ( VEINE),  see Facial vein.
   PREPARATION,   Prapara'tio,  from  pra.
 and par-are, paratum, 'to get ready.'  The act of
 making ready any substance  whatever that has
 to be employed for any purpose.
   Also, the product of any pharmaceutical  ope-
 ration ; — P rapara' turn.
   Any part of the human body, preserved for the
 uses of the anatomist, is so called.
  PREP'UCE, Prapu'tium, Epago'gium, Pnstlii
Pella,  Pos'thium,  Pn'tinm, Foreskin.  The pro-
longation of the integuments of the penis, which
covers  the  glans.  The prepuce is oomposed of
two membranous layers: one  external or cuta-
neous ; the other internal  or mucous, separated
by areolar  membrane.  Tbe  mucous membrane
lines the inner surface of the cutaneous layer till
beyond the glans, when it is reflected over  the
latter; forming, behind the corona, a  small cul-
de-sac  above the corpora cavernosa, which  is in-
terrupted by a triangular duplicature of the mu-
cous membrane, called the franum, fixed  in  the
furrow at the inferior part  of the glans, and ter-
minating at a little  distance  from the orifice of
the urethra.   The clitoris  is  covered by a semi-
lunar fold formed  by a continuation of the skin
of the  labia.   It is called Prapu'tium clitor'idis.
  PREPU'TIAL, Prajmtia'lis.   Belonging or
relating to the prepuce; — as  the 'preputial  se-
cretion,—or that which takes place from the lining
of the  prepuce covering the glans.
  PRESBYODOCHIUM. Gerocomium.
  PRESBYON'OSI;  from  rrptofas,  'old,' and
voaos, ' disease.'   Diseases of old age.
  PRES'BYOPE, Presby'tes, (F.) Presbyte, from
irpes^vs, 'old,'  and or-&, 'the eye.'   One  who is
long-sighted or affected with  presbyopia.
  PRESBYOPIA, Presbytia.
  PRESBYOPIC,   Presbyo'picus,   Prcsbylic,
Presby'ticus.  Relating or belonging to presbyopia
or long-sightedness.
  PRESBYSPHACELUS, Gangrene of old
people.
  PRESBY'TIA, Presbyo'jria,  Amblyo'pia pmx-
imo'rum,   Visas  senilis,  Pres'byopy, (F.)  Vne
langue ;  from irptsPvrns, 'an old person.'   A very
high degree  is termed Hyperbresby'tia.   A con-
dition  of vision,  common  in old persons,  which
consists in  the circumstance of  near objects being
confusedly  seen, whilst those  at a greater  dis-
tance are clearly distinguished.  It is supposed
to depend generally  on diminution of the convex-
ity ofthe cornea; whence results an alteration in
the convergency  of  the rays, so that tbey form  a
focus behind the retina. This  defect is remedied
by the use of convex glasses, which augment the
convergence of the luminous  rays.  It is, also,
called  Long-sightedness, Far-sightedness, Parnp'-
sis longiilqua, Dyso'pia proximo'rum.
  PRESBYTIC, Presbyopic.
  PRESCRIPTION, Prascrip'tio, Aung'raphe,
from pra, and scribere, script urn, 'to write ;' For'-
mula, F. med'ica, Sehed'ula,  Prascrijr'tnm, Free-
ecrijr'tio med'ica, Recep'tnm, (F.) For-nnile,  Or-
donnance.    The  formula  which the physician
writes for the composition of medicines adapted
to any case of disease.  A prescription should be
as simple  as possible, and should bear upon its
face the evidence of the objects to be fulfilled by
it.  No  article should  form  part of it,  unless
adapted for serving some useful purpose.   A com-
pound prescription  has been  divided into  four
parts: — the  basis or  principal ingredient of the
prescription ; the ad'juvans, or that which is de-
signed to promote the action of the former: the
cor'rigens, or that intended  to correct its opera-
tion, or  obviate any unpleasant symptom which
it maybe  apt to produce; and  the  constit'uens,
excijy'iens  or vehic'uluin, Constitn'ent, Exeip rent
or ve'hicle, the substance which gives to the other
ingredients  consistence or form.  All these are
seen in the following formula for cathartic pills:

   Aloes................... ^j  ...............Basis.
   Hyd. Chlorid.  Mit.  gr. x............Atljuvniis.
   Olei Carui............ gtt.  v...........Corrigeim.
   Syrupi................. q.s.............Constitucns.
       M. et fiant pilulae xx.   See Symbol. 
PRESCRIPTION
PRESYSTOLIC
  It is obvious, however, that most prescriptions j
are more simple than this.  The basis, for exam-
ple may require neither adjuvant, corrigent, nor
constituent.
  Dr. Paris has given the following synopsis of
tbe principles of medicinal combination, Iamata- i
tttxiolog" ia, Iamtitosy,itaxiolog"ia, Ars form'ulas
med'icas concinnaii'di,  which  may  serve  as an
instructive guide to the  prescriber:—

                  OBJECT I.
     TO promote the action of the basis.
  A. By combining the several different forms or
preparations of the same substance.   B. By com-
bining the basis with substances which are of the
same  nature;  i. e., which are individually capa-
ble of  producing the same effects, with less ener-
gy  than when in  combination with each other.
C.  By combining the basis  with substances of a
different nature, and which do not exert any che-
mical  influence  upon it, but are found by expe-
rience, or inferred by analogy, to  be capable of
rendering the  stomach or system more suscepti-
ble of  its action.
                 OBJECT  II.

TO  CORRECT  THE OPERATION OF THE BASIS BY OB-
  VIATING ANY  UNPLEASANT EFFECTS IT MIGHT
  BE   LIKELY  TO  OCCASION, AND  WHICH  WOULD
  PERVP.RT  Its INTENDED ACTION, AND  DEFEAT
  THE OBJECT  OF ITS EXHIBITION.

  A.  By chymically neutralizing or mechanically
separating the offending ingredient.   B.  By add-
ing some substance calculated  to guard the  sto-
mach or system against its deleterious effects.

                OBJECT III.

TO  OBTAIN THE JOINT OPERATION OF TWO OR MORE
                  MEDICINES.
  A.  By uniting those medicines which  are  cal-
culated to produce the same ultimate  results, but
by  modes of operation totally  different.  B. By
combining medicines which bave  entirely differ-
ent powers; and which  arc required  to obviate
different symptoms, or to answer different  indi-
cations.
                 OBJECT  IV.

TO  OBTAIN A NEW AND ACTIVE REMEDY, NOT AF-
       FORDED BY  ANY SINGLE  SUBSTANCE.

  A.  By combining medicines which excite dif-
ferent actions  in the stomach and system, in con-
sequence of which new  or  modified results are
produced.  B. By  combining  substances which
have the property of acting  chymically upon each
other; the results of which  are:—a.  The forma-
tion of new compounds; b. Tbe  decomposition
of  the original ingredients,  and the development
of  the more active elements.  C. By combining
substances, between which  no  other change  is
induced than a diminution or increase in  the so-
lubility ofthe  principles in which their medicinal
virtues reside,  a.  By the  intervention of sub-
stances that act chymically.   b. By the addition
of  ingredients whose  operation is  entirely  me-
chanical.
                 OBJECT  V.

         TO  AFFORD AN ELIGIBLE FORM.

  A. By which  the efficacy of the remedy is en-
hanced.  B.  By which its  aspect or flavour  is
rendered more agreeable, or its mode of adminis-
tration more convenient.  C. By which it is pre-
served  from  the spontaneous  decomposition to
which  it is liable.
  [The vocabulary  in  the  author's  "Medical
Student," Philad., 1844, will aid the student not
only in  translating, but in writing  his prescrip-
tion.-' ??/o?-e solito.']
  PRESENTATION, from (Lat.);?r<z>i?c?i», (pra,
'before,' and ens, cutis, 'being.')  The part of a
fcetus which is  felt presenting, on examination
per vaginam.  When the head presents, and es-
pecially the vertex, or the  feet, knees, or breech,
the presentation is said to be natural; when any
other part, preternatural; and the labour is styled
perverse or  preternatural,  Parodyn'ia seu  Dys-
to'cia perver'sa.  Cross-birth,  (F.)  Accouchement
contre nature.  When any  part besides the head,
feet, knees,  or breech  presents, the operation of
turning becomes necessary.  See Parturition.
   PRESERVATIVE, Prophylactic.
   PRECIS, Swelling.
   PRESLE, Hippuris vulgaris.
   PRESMA, Swelling.
   PRESPI'NAL, Prasjmia'lis, from pra, and
spina, 'the  spine.'   That which is  situate before
the spine.  The  prespinal surface ofthe  vertebral
column is the anterior surface.
   PRESS, Prce'liitru, Pra'lirim, Presso'rium, Pi-
ester, Pieste'rion, (F.)  Pressoir, Presse, from pre-
niere, prressum, ' to squeeze.'  An instrument for
subjecting matters to  considerable pressure, for
the  purpose of  separating the liquid from the
solid portion.
   Press of Herophilus,  Torcular Ilerophili.
   PRESSE-ARTERE,   Serre-nceud  de  Des-
champs, Scrre-Artlre.  An instrument  invented
by Deschamps for the immediate compression of
arteries.  It is  composed  of a plate six or seven
lines long, and three broad, and of a  rod or stem
two inches  long, placed   perpendicularly above
the plate and riveted.   At each extremity of the
plate is a hole,  through which each of  the ends
of the  ligature, to be placed upon  the  artery, is
passed.  The ligature is then to be tightened  by
drawing the ends, and fixing them to  the perpen-
dicular rod.  This  presse-artere or serre-artere,
surrounded with chnrpie, remains  in  the  wound,
until there  is no longer danger of hemorrhage.
The ligature is then cut, and  the  instrument
withdrawn.  It  is an unnecessary instrument.
   PRESSE-URETHRE, Jugum Penis.  A kind
of forceps of elastic iron,  the branches of which,
padded, may be approximated or  separated  by
means  of a screw.  The penis is introduced be-
tween the branches, one  of them being applied
to the  urethra,  and the screw is tightened so as
to exercise a degree of pressure sufficient to' bring
the parietes ofthe canal in  contact.  This instru-
ment is sometimes used in  incontinence of urine,
to prevent the constant discharge of that fluid.
   PRESSIO, Pressure.
   PRFSSION  ABDOMINALE,  Pressure, ab-
dominal.
   PRESSOIR, Press— p. d'Herophile, Torcular
Ilerophili.
   PRESSORTUM, Press.
   PRESSURE, Pres'sio, from premere, pressum,
'to press.'   The action of  pressing.
   Pressure, Abdom'inal, (F.) Pression abdonii-
nale.  A mode of examination by means of which
the sensibility,  size, suppleness, or hardness of
any morbid abdominal viscus may be compared,
in  these  respects,   with  its  healthy condition.
Bichat proposed, with  the  view of exploring tbe
state of the thoracic organs, to exert a pressure
from below upwards on the abdominal organs, so
as to crowd them upon the  diaphragm,  and thus
to diminish  the  dimensions of the cavity of the
chest,  noticing  to what extent respiration was
affected  by  this action.  No  great information
can of course be derived from it.
   PRESYS'TOLTC,  Pra-systolicus,  from  pra,
'before,'and systole.  That which precedes the 
PRETENDED  DISEASES      758
PRINOS
contraction of the heart—as "presystolic friction
sound."
  PRETENDED DISEASES, Feigned diseases.
  PRETIB'IAL. Pratibia'lis,  from  pra,  and
tibia. ' the tibia.'  That  which is situate before
the tibia; as the ilio-pretibial and ischio pretibial
muscles.
  PREVENTIVE, Prophylactic.
  Preven'tive, Royal,  from pravenire, praven-
tum,  (pra, and venire,) ' to  come before.'  An
empirical preparation,  used  as  a prophylactic
against the venereal virus.  It is a  solution of
acetate of lead, — the Liquor Plumbi  Subacetatis
dilutus.
  PREVERTEBRAL  APONEURO'SIS.   The
aponeurosis which covers the  muscles ofthe  pre-
vertebral region.
   Prevertebral Artery, (F.)  Artere preverti-
brale ou miningienne postirieitre.  A ramus of
the meningeal branch, and sometimes even of the
trunk,  of the  pharyngeal artery, which is  dis-
tributed to the prevertebral region.
   Prevertebral Muscles, see Cervical region,
anterior — p. Region, Cervical region, anterior.
   PRIAPEIA, Nicotiana rustica.
   PRIAPIS'COS.   Same  etymon as  the next.
Name of a piece of wood which forms part of the
scamnum Hijipocraticum.  Paulus of  ^Egina  calls
thus a tent of linen shaped like a penis.
   PRIAPIS'MUS. Tenti'go, T. Penis, Priapism,
Horn-colic (vulg.), Enta'sia Priapis'mus, Rhopa-
 lis'mus, Satyriasis, Styma, Stysis, from Tipiairos,
 ' Priapus.'  Constant  and  distressing erection,
 without any voluptuous  idea or desire for venery.
 It is often symptomatic; and sometimes  the im-
 mediate result of morbific  causes, — of the action
 of cantharides, for example.   The application of
 cold liquids to the penis, and  the internal use of
 opium  and camphor, are the  means usually had
 recourse to for its removal.
   PR! A PITTS, Pballitis.
   PRIA'PUS, 31 ut nil nus.  In ancient mythology
 the deity who presided over gardens and the parts
 of generation, so called propter deformitatem et
 membri virilis magnitudinem.
   Priapus, Penis—p. Cervi, see Cervus—p.  Ceti,
 Leviathian penis.
   PRICKET, Sedum acre.
   PRICKING,  Sax. ppiccian, (D.) pricken,
 (F.) Picotement.  A variety of pain,  compared to
 that which pointed  bodies would occasion.
   PRIDE  OF  CHINA, Melia azedarach —p. of
 India^ Melia  azedarach — p.  Tree, Melia azeda-
 rach.
   PRIDEWEED, Erigeron Canadense.
   PRIEST-PHYSICIANS, see Asclepiadae.
   PRIEST'S  PINTLE, Arum maculatum.
   PRIM, Lisustrum vulgare.
   PRIMA CELLA COLI, Caecum.
   PRIMjE  XIM,  (F.)  Premie-res  voies.  'The
 first passages'   The  stomach  and intestinal
 canal: — the lacteals being the secun'da via or
 'second passages.'   See Ways, digestive.
   PRIMARY CELL, see Cell.
   PR IMF VERE,  Primula veris.
   PRIMIP'ARA, Primipartu'riens,  (F.) Primi-
 j)are, from primus, 'first,' and prarere, 'to bring
 forth.'   A name given  to a  female  who brings
 forth for the first time.
    PRIMIPARTURIENS, Primipara.
    PRIMI-STERNAL,  Primi-sterna'lis, frompri-
 mus, 'the first,' and sternum, 'the sternum.' M.
  Beclard has called os primi-sternal  ou cluvi-ster-
  nal, the bony portion of the sternum.
    VRnilT'IM, from jrrimus,  'first.'  The first
  waters, or the  waters discharged before the ex-
  trusion  of the foetus.
    PRIMITIVE BAND, see  Nerve  fibres —p.
  Streak, Groove, primitive.
  PRIMORDIAL CELL, see Coll.
  PRIMORDICM, Arche.
  PRIMROSE EVENING,  Oenothera  biennis
— p. Tree, Oenothera biennis.
  PRIMULA OFFICINALIS,  P. veris —p. Va-
riabilis, P. veris.
  Prim'ula Veris, P.  officina'lis seu variabilis,
from prim'ulus,  'first.'   So  called, because  it
flowers in the beginning of the  spring.  Veritas'.
culurn,  Paralysis, Herba paralys'eos seu parulyt'-
ica, the  Cowslip,  Puigil or Peagle, Herb Peter,
Palsyicort, (Prov.)  Cow-striplings, Ctur-strtipji/e,
Crewel, (F.)  Primeiere,  Herbe  d  la  paralyhie,
Fleur de coucou,  Oreille  d'ours, Brairette : Ord.
Primulaceae.   Sex. Syst. Pentandria Monogynia.
The  flowers have been considered  to be mildly
tonic, antispasmodic, and  anodyne.
  Primula Vulga'ris.  The leaves and roots of
this plant have been used as  sternutatories.
  PRINCE ARTHUR'S  FARINACEOUS
FOOD, see Farinnceous.
  PRINCEPS, Rectum.
  Princeps  Cervi'cis (Artery) Cervical  Artery.
A branch of  the occipital artery, which descends
between the splenius and complexus muscles, and
may be followed  down to the lower part of the
neck.
  Princeps  Pol'licis (Arteria), Arte'ria magna
pollicis.  When the two collateral arteries ofthe
thumb take origin  from a common trunk — the
trunk  is the Princeps pollicis.
  PRINCIPE CRYSTALLIZABLE DE DE-
ROSNE,  Narcotine—p. de  la  Milanese, see
Choroidea. tunica.     ,
  PRINCIPES  IMMEDIATS, Principles, im-
mediate.
  PRINCIPIUM,  Arche, Element—p.  Acidifi-
cans, Oxygen—p. Adstringens, Tannin—p. Byr-
sodepsicura, Tannin — p.  Coriacenm, Tannin—p.
Hydrogeneticum, Hydrogen — p.  Hydroticum,
Hydrogen—p.  Oxygenans, Oxygen—p.  Salivnle,
see Saliva—p. Scytodepsicum, Tannin—p. Uri-
nosum, Urea.
  PRIN'CIPLE,  COL'OURING, OF TUB
BLOOD.  A name,  given to  the immediate prin-
ciple in animals,  to which the  blood owes its red
colour.  It is solid, inodorous, and insipid. When
recently separated from blood, it has a purple-red
colour.  When  distilled, it  furnishes,  amongst
dther  products, a purple  oil.  It is insoluble in
water; but,  if diluted with that liquid, acquires
a vinous-red hue.  It communicates a red colour
to the albumen ofthe blood,  and affords, on ana-
lysis, iron, to which the colour  has been ascribed.
See  Haemaphaein, and Haematin.
  Principle, Digestive,  Pepsin — p. Vital,  see
Vital principle.
  PRINCIPLES, IMME'DIATE, (F.) Principes
immidiats, Materiaitx  immediate.  A name given
to a considerable number of substances, composed
of at least three elements, and which are obtained
from animals and  vegetables without  alteration,
by simple processes, and, in some measure, im-
mediately.
   Principles, Immediate,  op Animals, Proxi-
 mate  principles,  Organic Elements,  Compounds
 of Organization.  These  are  divided into acid
 principles, fatty  principles, and principles which
 are neither  fat nor acid.  The first include the
 uric,  rosacic, purpuric, allantoic, cuseic, bitty,
 <fec.   The fatty  principles are: — stearin, elm
 cholesterin,  &c.; and the last division  incluo
 the most  important compounds of organization:
 —fibrin, gelatin, albumen, casein, osmazome, &,C.
   Principles, Proximate,  P. immediate.
   PRINOS (of  the ancients),  Ilex aquifolium.
   Prinos, P.  verticilla'tus.  Alcan'na major hiti-
 fo'lirt denta'ta, Aquifo'liitm fo'liis decid'uis, Pri-
 nos Grono'vii seu padifo'lius, Black Alder, Vit'
noes 
PRION
759
PROCESSUS
 ginia or Whorletl  Winterberry,  Fererhitsh,  (F.)
 Apalae/iiiie d feuilles de Prnnier.  Ord. Aquifo-
 liaciie.   Sex. Syst. Hexandria Monogynia.   The
 bark of this common shrub of the United  States
 — Priuos, (Ph. IT. S.)—is  astringent, bitter, and
 pungent.   The berries are, likewise, bitter.   The
 bark has been used as a substitute for the cincho-
 na, in intermittents, and as a tonic.
    Prinos Glaber, see P. laevigatus—p. Gronovii,
 Prinos.
    Piunos L.eviga'tus, Smooth Winterberry, and
 Prinos Glaiier,  Inkberry.   Indigenous;  have
 the same properties as
    Prinos Padifolius, Prinos.
    PRION.  Saw.
    PRIOXO'DES, from irptorv, 'a saw,' and etios,
  'shape.'  Serra'ted.  Applied to  the  sutures of
 the head.
    PRIOR, 'first, foremost,' as
    Prior  Annula'ris,  Interos'seus  quartus  of
 Winslow.  An internal interosseous muscle which
 arises  from the outside of the metacarpal bone
 ofthe ring-finger, and is inserted into the outside
  of  the  tendon  on  the  back  of  tbe ring-finger.
  Its use  is to draw the ring-finger outwards.
    Prior In'dicis, Exten'sor ter'tii interno'dii in'-
  dicis, (F.)  Sous metacurpo-latiri-phalangieii.  It
 arises from  the outer or radial side of the  meta-
  carpal bone of the fore-finger, and is inserted into
 the outside  of the tendon on the back of the fore-
  finger.  Action : — to  draw the finger  outwards,
 towards the thumb.
    Prior Indicis  Pedis, Adductor In'dicis pedis.
 An  external, interosseous  muscle of  the  foot,
 which  arises from  the  contiguous sides of the
 metatarsal  bones of the great and fore toes, and
 is inserted  into the inside  of  the root of the  first
 bone of the fore-toe.  Action: — to pull the fore-
 toe inwards.
    Prior Medii, Prior medii digiti.
    Prior Me'dii  Dig"iti, Prior  Medii, Second
 inferos'seons of Douglas.   An external, interos-
 seous muscle of the hand, which  arises from the
 corresponding sides of the metacarpal  bones of
 the fore and middle fingers, and is inserted into
 the outside of  the tendon on the back of the
 middle  finger.   Action : — to draw the middle
 finger outwards.
   Prior Medii Digiti Pedis, Adductor medii di-
 git! pedis.   An internal, interosseous  muscle of
 the foot, which arises from the inside of the me-
 tatarsal bone of the middle toe, and  is  inserted
 into the inside of the root of the first bone  of the
 middle toe.  Use: — to pull the middle toe in-
 wards, or towards the inner side of the foot.
   Prior Min'imi Digiti, Adduc'tor min'imi dig"-
 iti.  An  internal, interosseous  muscle of the foot,
 which originates from the  inside of the metatar-
 sal bone of  the little toe, and  is inserted into the
 inside of the root of the  first  bone  of the little
 toe.  Action : — to pull the little toe inwards.
   Prior Tertii Digiti Pedis, Adduc'tor tertii
 ditf'iti pedis.  An  internal, interosseous muscle
 of the foot, which arises from  the inner and un-
 der part of the  metatarsal bone of the third of
 the small toes, and is inserted  into the  inside of
 the root  of the first bone of the third of the small
 toes. Action: — to pull the  third of  the  small
 toes inwards.
   PRTSIS.  Brvgmus, Trepanning.
 ^HISMA. Scobs.
  t>I!YSMUS, Brvgmus. Trepanning.
   PRIVATE PARTS, Genital organs.
   PRIVET, Liiriistrum vulgare.
   PRIVITIES, Genital organs.
   PRIVY, Ligustrum vulgare—p. Members, Ge-
nital organs — p. Parts, Genital organs.
   PRO.  Tpo,  'before.' A common prefix to words,
as  in Procatarctic, Prostate, &e.
   PROAGOREUSIS, Prognosis.
   PROBANG, Sponge-probaug, Detruso'rium ex
 bale'na.  Allied to probe.  A long slender rod of
 whalebone, with a piece of sponge at its extremity,
 intended to push down extraneous bodies, arrested
 in the  oesophagus, into the stomach.   A similar
 instrument is called  by J. L. Petit, Repoussoir
 flare tes.
   PROBARBIUM, Geneias.
   PROBASCANIUM, Amuletum.
   PROBASCANTIUM, Amuletum.
   PROBE, Catheterize, Specillum—p.  Eyed, see
 Specillum.
   PROBING, see Meiosis.
   PROBOLE, Processus.
   PROCARDIUM, Scrobieulus cordis.
   PRO CEDE, Process.
   PROCEDURE, Procidi.
   PROCEPIIALI,  Capitones.
   PROCERUS NASI, Pyramidalis nasi.
   PROCES,  Process—p. Ciliaires, Ciliary pro-
 cesses.
   PROCESS, Apophysis, Processus.
   Proc''ess, Ratio, (F.) Procidi, from procedere,
 j)rocessnm,  ' to march forwards.'  Procedure, —
 method of performing any operation,  chemical,
 pharmaceutical, or surgical.
   Process,  Cuneiform,  Basilary  process — p.
 Modelling, see Modelling  Process —p. of  Ran,
 see Malleus — p. Vertical  superior longitudinal,
 Falx cerebri.
   PROCES'SUS.   A process; same  etymon;
 Projectu'ra, Frob'ote, (F.)  Proces.  An apophy-
 sis or eminence of a bone;  see Apophysis.   Also,
 any part which  seems prolonged beyond others
 with which  it  is in connexion ; as the  Ciliary
 processes.
   Processus  Anconeus,  Olecranon—p. Annu-
 laris, Pons Varolii — p. Ascendens, see Maxillary
 bone, (superior)—p. Belenoides, see Belenoid—p.
 Blumenbachii,  Unciform process — p.  Caudntus,
 Lobulus caudatus—p. a Cerebello ad  medullam
 oblongatam, Corpora restiformia—p. Cerebelli ad
 pontem, Peduncles of the cerebellum — p. Cere-
 belli ad testes, Peduncles of the cerebellum  — p.
 Cerebri lateralis, Cornu  ammonis — p. Ciliares,
 Ciliary processes — p.  Clavatus, see Funiculi gra-
 ciles—p. Cochleariformis, see Tympanum—p. Cu-
 neiformis ossis occipitis, Basilary process—p. En-
 siformes, see Sphenoid bone—p. Enteroidei  cere-
 bri,  Convolutions  (cerebral) — p.   Falciformis
 cerebelli, Falx cerebelli-—p.  Falciformis durm
 matris,  Falx cerebri—p. Frontalis, see Maxillary
 bone, (superior)—p. Gracilis of Ran, see Malleus
 — p. Laterales uteri, Tuba? Fallopianae — p.  Mn-
 millares, Papillae of the kidney,  Olfactory nerves
 —p. Mamillares cerebri, Mamillary tubercles—p.
 Mastoideus,  Mastoid  process—p.  Nasalis,  see
 Maxillary bone (superior) — p. Olivaris.  Olivary
 Process — p. Orbicularis  cerebri, Infundibulum
 ofthe brain — p. Papillares, Olfactory nerves—p.
 Papillarum, Olfactory  nerves — p. Rncbidianus,
 Medulla spinalis—p. Sterni xiphoideus,  Xiphoid.
   Proces'sus Ter'etes, Eminen'tia seu Fascic'-
 uli ter'etes.  Two slightly convex bodies forming
 the anterior wall or floor of the fourth ventricle
 of the brain.  They are separated by  a longitu-
 dinal groove, which is continuous, inferiorly,  with
 the sulcus longitudinalis  posterior  of  the  spinal
 cord. They are crossed transversely hy several
 white and gray fasciculi—linea trausi-er'sa, stria
 medulla'res—the origin of the auditory  nerves.
  Processus ad  Testes, see Valvula Vieussenii
— p. Transversus duru> matris.  Tentorium.— p.
 Uncinatus. Olecranon,  Unciform process, see Co-
racoid process—p. Uvifer, Uvula—p. Ventriculi,
Duodenum — p. Xiphoides,  Xiphoid cartilage — 
PROCIIEILA
7 GO
PRCEOTIA
p.  Xipho-sternalis, Xiphoid cartilage — p.  Zygo-
inaticus, Zygomatic process.
   PROCHRILA. Antelabia.
   PROCHEILIDION, Procheilon.
   PHOCHEI'LON,  Prtrcheilid'ion, Prola'bium,
A-tielilbiitm, from pro, and %ttXos, 'a lip.'  The
extreme projecting part or margin of the lips.
   PROCIIEUMA,  Parenchyma.
   PROCIDEVCE  DE L'tEIL, Exophthalmia.
   PROCIDENTIA, Prolapsus —p. Ani, Procto-
cele—p. Intestini recti, Proctocele—p. Iridis, Sta-
phyloma of the Iris — p. Oculi, Exophthalmia —
p. Sedis, Proctocele — p. Uteri, Prolapsus uteri.
   PROCNEME, Tibia.
   PROCNEMIUM, Tibia.
   PROCGS'LIUS, Procee'lus, from pro, and notXta,
 ' belly.'  One  who  has a large  pendulous  ab-
 domen.
   PROCCELUS, Proccelius.
   PROCON'DYLUS, irpoKovovXos,  from pro,  and
 k-iv&oXoc, 'a knot.'   The first joint of the fingers;
 t ie second being called kovovXos ; the third /itra-
 horovXos.
   PROCREATIO,  Generation — p.   Sanguinis,
 ILr matosis.
   PROCREATION, Fecundation, Generation.
   PROC'TAGRA, from irpurxros, 'anus,' and aypa,
 'seizure.'  Gout in the rectum.  Proctalgia.
   PROCTAL'GIA,  Proc'tica  simplex,  Proc'ta-
 gra. Dolor  ani, Proctodynia, from wpunros, 'the
 anus,'  and aXyos, 'pain.'  Pain in the anus:  ge-
 n -rally symptomatic of disease, as of hemorrhoids,
 scirrhus, &e.
    Proctalgia, Clunesia — p.  Haemorrhoidalis,
  ILeinorrhois — p.  Inflammatoria,  Rectitis — p.
  Intertriginosa, Chafing — p.  Rheumatlca, Proc-
  toi-rheuina.
    PROCTATRE'SIA,  Imperfora'tio  ani, from
  irptnKTos, 'the  anus,' and arpnoia, 'imperforation.'
  Imperforate state of the anus.
    PROC'TICA, from irpurnros, 'the anus.'  Pain
  or derangement about the anus, without primary
  inflammation.  A  genus  in  the  class  Coeliaca,
  order  Enterica, of  Good.
    Proctica  Exania,  Proctocele — p.  Marisca,
  ILeinorrhois—-p. Simplex, Proctalgia—p. Tenes-
  mus, Tenesmus.
    PROCTISIS. Proctitis.
    PROCTI'TIS,  Proc'tisis, Archill's, Clune'sia,
   Ct/sso'tis, from irpuntros, ' the  anus,' and  itis, de-
  noting infiammation.   Inflammation of the anus
   and rectum.   Rectitis.
    Proctitis Gangrenosa, Proctocace.
    PROCTOCACE, Proctitis gangrenosa,  from
   t:,.oktos, ' the anus,' and  kukos, ' evil.'  A disease
   of the rectum, so called by Fuchs, which, accord-
   ing to him. is common in  Peru, in the neighbour-
   hood  of Quito and Lima, on the  Honduras  and
   Mosquito coasts, in Brazil, and on the Gold coast,
   &■'■.   It is called by the  Portuguese, Biclio,  and
   1'icho di Cnlo ,- by the people of Quito,  Mai del
   Valle, from its prevalence in the valleys; and in
   Africa, Bitios de Kis.  It is an adynamic, inflam-
   matory condition, frequently ending in gangrene.
   It, has been attributed to bad food, and the use
   of snices.
     PROCTOCELE, from  rrpoiKros, 'the anus,' and
   (C7AJ7,  'hernia.'  Prolap'sns  Ani, Proclopto'ma,
   Proctopto'sis, Procto'sis, Hedrocc'le, Archeopto'-
   tirt, Archecpto'ma. Arrhopto'ma, Archeoce'le, Ar-
   chopto'sis, Exa'nia, Hamor'rhois proce'dens seu
   ab  exa'nid.  Procidentia Ani seu intestini recti
   sen sedis, Eettt'pia Ani, Setles procid'na, Falling
   lltnon  of  the Fundament, Coming down of the
   Body,  (F.) Chute du  rectum, C. du Fondement,
   Renversement du rectum.  Inversion and prolapse
   of the mucous coat of the rectum, from relaxation
   of the sphincter, with  more or less swelling.  In
   the treatment, the application of cold water and
astringent  lotions must be recommended: nnd
if other means fail, one of the radii of skin, which
converge at the anus, may be snipped off.  On
cicatrizing,  the  verge of the  anus  will be con-
tracted, and the cure probably complete.   In tho
way of palliation, the parts may be retained  by
an appropriate bandage.
  PROCTOCYSTOTOMY, see Lithotomy.
  PROCTODYNIA, Proctalgia.
  PROCTON'CUS,  from 7t/.u>«to{,  'anus,' nnd
oyKos,  ' swelling.'  Swelling of the anus.
   PROCTOPARAL'YSIS, Proetojile'gia, Paral-
ysis Intestini Recti, from irporsTOs, 'the anus,'and
'rrapaXvais,  'paralysis.'   Paralysis of the  muscles
of the rectum.
   PROCTOPLEGIA, Proctoparalysis.
   PROCTOPTOMA, Proctocele.
   PROCTOPTOSIS, Proctocele.
   PROCTORRHAGIA,  Haomorrhoidal flux.
   PROCTORRHEU'MA, from  npwKros,   'anus.'
 and pcvptr. 'defluxion.'   Rheumatism of the anus.
   PROCTORRHffi'A,  from rrpoiKros, 'the anus,'
 and pcto, 'I flow.'  A discbarge of blood  or slime
 from the anus.   See Haemorrhois.
   PROCTOS. Anus.
   PROCTOSIS, Proctocele.
   PROCTOSPASMUS, Tenesmus.
   PROCTOSTENOSIS  ORGANICA,  Stricture
 of the rectum.
   PROCTOTOREU'SIS, from  irpotKras,   'anus,'
 and ropvciv, ' to perforate.' Perforation  of a closed
 anus.
   PROCTUS, Anus.
   PROCURATIO ABORTUS.   The  promotion
 o.f abortion.
   PRODIAGNO'SIS,  from pro, and  diagnosis.
 Prognostication of a disease to come, — a diag-
 nosis bv anticipation.
   PROD'ROMIC,  Prodrom'icus, (F.)  Prodro-
 miqite.  Same etymon  as the next.  Relating, or
 belonging, to the prodromus of a disease.
   PROD'ROMUS.  Propalh'i'a,  from  pro, and
 6popos, 'course,' (F.)  Prodrome.   Sta'dium  op-
 jrortunita'tis sen prodromo'rnm : in  contagious
 diseases, Sta'dium laten'tis couta'gii.   The period
 immediately preceding  an attack of disease; in
 which the precursory signs occur.
    PROD'UCT, from produccre, productum, (pro,
 and ducere, ' to lead,')  ' to bring forth.'  (F.) Pro-
 duit.  The result sought to  be attained by  any
 pharmaceutical operation.
    PRODUCTIO, Prolapsus—p. Uvula; a pituita,
 Staphvlnedema.
    PRODUCTION, Prodnc'tia;  same  etymon.
 This word is used, especially by the   French,
 synonymously with prolongation.  The mesentery
 is,  in this sense, a  production of the peritoneum.
    PRODUCTION ACCIDENTELLE.  An ac-
 cidental or adventitious structure.
    PRODUCTIVITAS, Fecundity.
    PRODUIT, Product.
    PROEGUMEN.E CAUS.&,  Causes, predispo-
 nent.
    PR03LTUM, Press, Tourniquet.
    PROF.MTNENT,  Proem'inens,  from  pro,  and
  eminere, 'to project.'   Some  anatomists call the
  7th cervical vertebra  the proeminent vertebra, on
  account  of  the length  of its  spinous  process,
  which passes the level of that of the  neighbour-
  ing vertebrae.
    PROENCEPIT'ALUS,(F.) Proenciphale ; from
  pro, and eyKetjraXos,  'encephalon.'  A  monster,
  whose encephalon  is situated, in a great measure,
  out  of, and  in advance of, the cranium, which is
  open in the frontal region.
    PRCEOT'IA,  Prorates,  nportorris  or  rpotorris,
  from irp'oi, 'early.'  'Precocity.'  Pra.cox /«"{"'-
  ritus, Freco'cious matn'rlty.   Premature develop-
i ment of sexual organization or power. — Good. 
TROFLUVII CORTEX        76
  PROFLUVII CORTEX, Nerium antidysente-
rh-utn.
  PROFLU'VIUM,  Discharge, Fluxus,  Polyr-
rlia-'a, Flux; from projluo, (pro, and fiuo,) 'I flow
forth.'   A term under which—in the plural, Pro-
flu'via,  Po/yerino'ses — some nosologists have
comprised  all morbid discharges or  fluxes: —
others, increased excretions attended by fever.
  Proii.uvium Alvi, Diarrhoea—p. Genitale mu-
Iiebre. Menses—p. Mucosum urethra}, Gonorrhoea
— p. Muliebre, Leucorrhoea, Menses—p.  Sangu-
inis, ILoinorrhagia—p. Sanguinis e Renibus, Ne-
phrorrhagia—p. Sanguinis ex Ore, Stomatorrhagia
— p. Sanguinis ex Utero, Metrorrhagia — p. Se-
minis, Pollution — p. Ventris, Diarrhoea.
   PROFOND, Profundus.
  PROFUN'DUS, (pro, and finndus,  'bottom.')
Alius, '  having a  deep base.'  (F.) Profond.   A
name given to different parts, which are  seated
profoundly as regards others.
   Profunda Arte'ria  Fem'oris, A. castaposte'-
rinr seu musculo'ris fem'oris,  Artere-grande nttis-
i-ttlaire  de la  cuisse.  (Ch.)   This  large  branch
arises commonly from the posterior part  of the
crural, between the pubis and lesser trochanter.
It descends deeply, situate before  the adductors;
[lasses  through the  third adductor above  the
opening in it for  the trunk of the femoral ;  and
terminates  in  the short  portion  of  the  biceps.
The muscularis profunda gives off,  1. The external
circumflex: 2.  The  internal circumflex :  and,  3.
The three perforantes.
   Profunda  Arte'ria  Hu'meri,  P. supe'rior,
Arte'ria spira'lis, (F.) Artere humerale profonde,
A. collatirale externe, Grand 'musculaire du bras,
(Ch.)   Its origin is variable.  When it arises from
the  brachial artery, it  is given off  opposite the
groove  of the humerus destined for the radial
nerve, and descends backwards between the three
portions of the triceps, accompanied by the nerve;
giving branches to that muscle and to the hume-
rus.  When it reaches  the  posterior part of the
b me, it divides into two branches, which  are dis-
tributed to the triceps, supinator longus, &c.
   Profunda  Arteria  Inferior seu  Minor  is
often a branch  of the  last;  but, commonly,  is
given off from the brachial, near the middle  of
 the arm.   It gives  off  branches to the muscles,
 &c, about the inner side of  the os humeri.   It
 is, also, called large communicating ulnar or pro-
fundo-ul nor.
   Profunda  Arteria   Penis.   Chaussier  has
given this name to  the cav'ernous ar'tery, which
 arises  from the artery of the  penis, furnished  by
 the internal pudic.
   Profunda  Arteria  Superior, Profunda  hu-
 meri.
   Certain  muscles are distinguished by the names
profound or deep-seated, and superficial.  Thus,
we speak of the superficial and deep-seated mus-
 cles of  the neck, &c.; the Flexor profundus per-
 furan», &c.
   PROFUSIO. Haemorrhagia.
   Profusio Aqt^s.  The discharge or breaking
of the waters at birth.
   Profusio Sanguinis,  Haemorrhagia — p.  Se-
minis,  Ejaculation  —  p.  Subcutanea,  Purpura
 simplex.
   PROGAS'TOR, from pro, and  yaornp, 'belly.'
 One who  has a pendulous belly.
   PROGENIES. Epigone.
   PROGENY, Epigone.
   PROGLOS'SIS. from  pro, and  yXwoon,  'the
tongue  ;' Apex lingua.   The  extremity or tip  of
the tongue.
   PROGN'A'TTIOUS, from pro, and yvaBos,  'the
jaw.'   Having a projecting jaw.  A term applied
to the form of tho head iu which there is a pro-
1                 PROLES
longation or forward extension of the jaws, as in
the negro.
   PROGNO'SIS, Proagoreu'sis, Prorrhe'sis,
Pracognit"jo,  Prognos'tice,  Prano'tio, Pranun-
titllio,Prascien'lia, Prascil'io, Pronoe'a, Proph'-
asis, Pradic'tio, (F.) Prognostic, Pronostic, from
pro, and yvorots, ' knowledge.'  A judgment formed
by the physician  regarding  the  future progress
and termination of any disease.
   Prognosis,   General.   The  opinion  formed
of a  disease in the abstract.  Thus,  the Gene-
ral prognosis  of  Cynanche tonsillaris is favour-
able;— of  Phthisis pulmonalis,  unfavourable,
&c.
   Prognosis, Particular.   The opinion formed
of any particular case of disease.   The particular
prognosis of one case of typhus, for example, may
be favourable,  whilst that of another may  be un-
favourable.
   Prognosis ex Lingua, Glossomantia.
   PROGNOSTIC, Prognosis.
   PROGNOSTICE, Prognosis.
   PROGRESSIO, Augmentation.
   PROGRESSION, Walking.
   PROGRESSUS, Augmentation.
   PROIOTES, Praeotia.
   PROJECTURA,  Process.
   PROLABIUM, Procheilon.
   PROLAP'SUS, from jtrolabor, prolapsus, (pro,
and  labor, lapsus,  ' to slide,') ' I slip down.'  Pro-
cidentia,  Delap'sio,  Delap'sus,   Hyjwr'rhysis,
 Propto'rna, Propto'sis, Produc'tio, Projrenden'tia,
Proininen'tia,  Ptosis,  Casus, (F.) Chute;  a pro-
trusion;  a falling down.  A genus of diseases in
the  class  Locales  and order Ectojfia of Cullen,
distinguished  03'  the  falling down of  a part
through  the  orifice with which it is  naturally
connected.
   Prolapsus  Ani,  Proctocele — p. Bulbi oculi,
Exophthalmia  — p. Corneae,  Staphyloma  ofthe
cornea—p. Iridis, Ptosis iridis—p. Linguae, Glos-
socele, Paraglossa — p. Oesophagi,  Pharyngocele
 — p. Palpebrae, Blepharoptosis — p. Pharyngis,
Pharyngocele—p. Umbilici, Exomphalus.
   Prolapsus  U'teri, Exome'tra, Metrojito'sis,
Metropropto'sis, Orthysteropto'sis, Orthysteropto' -
ma,  Falling down ofi the  womb, jEdopto'sis seu
 Prociden'tia u'teri, Hysteropto'sis, Hysteroce'le
nuda, (F.) Abaissement ou Chute ou Desceute ou
 Precipitation de la matrice.   Some use the term
 ' Procidentia   Uteri' for a  minor  degree  of  the
affection  than  prolapsus ; — Relaxatio uteri ex-
pressing the slightest state of all.  A falling down
 of the uterus, owing  to  relaxation of the parts
 about the utero-vaginal region.  In  the  treat-
 ment, the horizontal  posture  must  be insisted
upon :  the  injection of astringent substances per
 vaginam  be advised ; and if the  affection  be not
 remedied by these means, a pessary may be cm-
 ployed as a palliative, or the operation of  Episi-
 orraphy be performed.
   Prolapsus  Uvulae, Staphyloedema.
   Prolapsus  Vagi'n.e,  Hysteropto'sis  seu Pro-
 lapsus jEdojrtosis Vagina,   Coleopto'sis, Colpop-
 to'sis,  Elytropto'sis — Protrusion  of  the  upper
 part  of the vagina into the lower.  This, like  the
 descent of the uterus, may be relaxation, proci-
 dentia, prolapsus, or complete inversion.
   Prolapsus  Vesicae, Exocyste.
   PROLECTA'TIO;  from  pro,  and legere, tec-
 tum,  ' to gather.'  Action of separating the finer
I parts of a body from the grosser.
   PROLEP'TICS,  Prolej/tice,  from  pro,  and
 Xap/lavor,  ' I seize hold  of.'   A term  proposed
| by Dr. Laycock to signify the art and science of
 predicting in medicine.
|   PROLEPTICUS, Anticipating.
|   PROLES, Epigone. 
PROLICIDE
  PROL'ICIDE, Prolicid'ium, from proles (pro,
and olescere, 'to grow,'), 'offspring,' and cadere,
' to kill.' Destruction of offspring :  a term  which
includes foeticide as well as infanticide.
  PROLIF'IC, Prolifi'icus, (F.)  Prolifique, from
proles,  ' offspring,'  and fiacio,  ' I  make.'   That
which  has the faculty of engendering.  Applied
to man, and animals, and to their sperm or seed;
as well as to remedies, which, by  strengthening
the genital organs, increase  the  secretion  of
sperm.
  PROLIG"EROUS,   Pro'liger,   Prolig"erus,
from jtroles, ' offspring,' and gero, ' I carry.'  That
which is connected  with carrying the offspring.
  Proligerous  Disc or Layer,  Discus jrrolig"-
erus seu vitellinus, Stratum prolig"erum, Gonos-
tro'ma,  (F.) Disque jwolighc.  A granular layer,
situate  generally towards  the most  prominent
part of the ovarian  vesicle, in the centre of which
the true ovum or ovule exists.—Von  Baer.
  PROLONG EM ENT RACHIDIEN, Medulla
spinalis — p. Sous-occipital, Basilary process.
  PROMALACTE'RIUM.from^ro.iind/jaAacrffu,
'I soften.'  The room, in the ancient gymnasium,
in which the body  was  softened and anointed.
One ofthe operations in bathing.
  PROMANUS, see Digitus, Pollex.
  PROMETOPIDIA, Frontal  bandages.
  PROMETO'PIS,  Prometopid'ion,  from pro,
and perurnov, ' the forehead.'  The skin of the fore-
head.
  PROMINENTIA, Prolapsus,  Protuberance —
p. Annularis Cerebri, Pons  Varolii  — p. Corneas,
Ceratocele — p. Ossis Continua, Apophysis.
  PROMINENTIA  ALBICANTES, Mammil-
lary tubercles—p. Semiovales  Medullae Oblonga-
tae, Corpora olivaria.
  PROMONTOTRE, Promontorium.
  PROMONTORIUM,  Promontory — p. Faciei,
Nasus — p. Ossis Sacri,  see Sacrum.
  PROM'ONTORY,  Promonio'rium, (F.)  Pro-
montoire (from ptro and  mons, montis, 'a  moun-
tain,') seu Tuber seu Tuberositas  Tym'pani.  A
small projection at the inner paries of the  cavity
of the tympanum, which corresponds to the ex-
ternal scala of the cochlea,  and especially  to the
outer side ofthe vestibule.
  Promontory of the Sacrum, see Sacrum.
  PRONATEUR CARRE, Pronator radii qua-
dratus—p. Grand ou rond, Pronator radii teres—
p. Petit, Pronator radii quadratus.
  PRONA'TION, Prontltio,  from promts, 'in-
clined   forwards.'   Anatomists  understand,  by
pronation, the motion by which  the inferior ex-
tremity of the radius passes before the ulna, and
thus causes the hand to execute a kind of rotation
from without inwards.
  PRONA'TOR.  That which produces the mo-
tion of  pronation.   This name has  been given to
two ofthe muscles ofthe forearm.
  Pronator Obliquus, P. radii  teres — p. Qua-
dratus,  P. radii quadratus.
  Pronator  Ra'dii Quadra'tus, P. quadratus
seu transvers'us  (Winslow) seu  radii brevis seu
radii quadratus (Cowper), Quadratus ra'dii, (F.)
Cubito-radial  (Ch.), Petit  ou carri  pronateur.
This muscle is  situate  at  the anterior, inferior,
and profound part of the forearm.  It is flat and
square, and is  attached, within, to the inferior
quarter of the  anterior surface of the ulna ; and,
without, to the  inferior quarter of the anterior
surface of the radius.  It produces the motion
of pronation.
  Pronator Radii Teres, P.  teres sive obli'quus
(Winslow), (F.)  Ejritrochlo-radial (Ch.),  Grand
ou rond pronateur.  A muscle seated at the upper
and anterior part of the forearm.  It is long, flat,
and larger above than below.  It is attached,
above,  to the inner tuberosity of  the humerus and
62          PROSOPANTRITIS
I to the coronoid process  of the ulna.   Thence it
 passes obliquely downwards and  outwards, and
 terminates at the middle of the outer  surface of
 the radius.   It causes the radius to turn on the
 ulna, to  produce  the motion  of  pronation.   It
 can, also, bend the forearm on  the arm, and con-
 versely.
   Pronator Teres, P. radii teres.
   PRONAUS, Vestibulum.
   PRONERVATIO, Aponeurosis, Tendon.
   PRONtEA,  Prognosis.
   PRONONCIATWN, Pronunciation.
   PROS'OST1C,  Prognosis.
   PRONUNCIATION, Promincia'tio, (F.) Pro-
 nonciation,  from pro and nunciare, 'to tell.' The
 mode of articulating or giving accent or utterance
 to words.
   PROPATIIIA,  Prodromus.
   PROPENDENTIA, Prolapsus.
   PROPERTIES, PHYSICAL, OF THE  TIS-
 SUES.   These are flexibility,  extensibility, elas-
 ticity, racornissement and imbibition.
   Properties, Vital. Those which depend upon
 the vital force, as  contractility.
   PROPHASIS, Prognosis.
   PROPHYLACTIC, Prtrjrliylac'ticus, Diuphy-
 lac'tic, Diasos'tic, Synteret'icus, Prascrvtito'r ins,
 (F.) Projjliylactique, from pro, and  tpvXaoaur,  'I
 defend.'  >A preservative or preventive.
   PROPHYLACTIC MEDICINE, Hygiene.
   PR0P11YL AX'IS,Proj)}iylace,Pioj,liyluc'tice,
 Syntere'sis.  Same etymon.  Praserva'tio, Pree-
 cau'tio, Pracusto'dia.  Preservative or preventive
 treatment.
   PROP'OLIS, from pro, and  rroXts, 'city ;' lite-
 rally, ' that which is before the  city.'   Ceranthe'-
 mns, Comrno'sis, Bee-bread.  A  red, resinous mat-
 ter, with which the bees  cover  the bottom of tbe
 hive.  Its fume has been esteemed  antiasthmatic.
   PROP'OMA, from  pro, and iropa,  'a drink.'
 Ancient name of a medicine, composed of seven
 parts of honey and four of wine.  It was drunk
 before a meal.—Paulus of iEgina.
   PROPORTIO, Symmetry.
   PROPOS ITU M,'intention.
   PROPOTISMA, Mistura.
   PROPOTIS'MUS, irpoxortopos.  Same etymon.
 Prajjo'tio.  An ancient name for medicines which
 were given to the  patients  before purging them,
 and, in some sort, to prepare them.
   PROPRIUS AURIUS EXTERNA, Retrahens
 auris.
   PROPTOMA, Prolapsus.
   Propto'ma Auricula'rum, Parasthe'sisaudi'-
 tus filacca, Flap Ear.  Lobe of tbe ear broad,
 loose, and pendent from  birth.—Good.
   Proptoma Scroti, Rachosis.
   PROPTOSIS, Prolapsus — p. Palpebrae, Ble-
 pharoptosis— p. Uvulae, Staphylcedema.
   PROPTYSIS, Expectoration.
   PRORA, Occiput,
   PRORRHESIS, Prognosis.
   PRORUPTIO SANGUINIS, Haemorrhagia.
   PROS, irpos-  In composition, this prefix gene-
 rally signifies ' in  addition to,'  ' over and above,'
 ' besides.'
   PROSARTIIROSIS, Diarthrosis.
   PROSBOLE, Impression.
   PROSCHYSIS, Affusion.
   PROSCOLLESIS, Adherence, Agglutination.
   PROSECTEUR, Dissector.
   PROSECTIO, Anatomy.
   PROSECTOR,  Dissector.
   PROSLEPSIS, Prehension.
   PROSODOS, Aditus.
   PROSOPALGIA, Neuralgia, facial.
   PROSOPANTRA, Frontal sinuses.
   PROSOPANTRI'TIS, from prosopantra,  the 
PROSOPARALYSIS          7
 frontal sinuses, and ?'fi'«, denoting inflammation.
 Inflammation of the frontal sinuses.
   PROSOPARALYSIS, Palsy, Bell's.
   PROSO'PIS  DULCIS, Ord. Leguminosae.   A
 tree of rather large size, native of  Peru.   The
 fruit — Pacay — is a pod, from 20 to 24 inches
 long, containing black seeds imbedded in a white,
 soft, flaky substance;  which last is eaten by the
 Limenos  with pleasure.—Tschudi.
   PROSOPODYNIA, Neuralgia, facial.
   PROSOPODYSMOR'PHIA,   from  ?rp0(7u.?roi/,
 ' the face,' &vs,' with difficulty,' and popt/rn,' shape.'
 Malformation or atrophy of the face,—as where
 the process of nutrition  suffers  from diminished
 nervous influence.
   PROSOPOLOGIA,  Physiognomy.
   PROSOPOMANTIA,  Physiognomy.
   PROSOPON, Face.
   PROSOPORRHEU'MA, Rheumatis'inus fia'-
 ciei, from irpoaorirov, 'face,' and pevpa,  'defluxion,'
 'rheumatism.'  Rheumatism  affecting the face.
   PROSOPOSIS, Physiognomy.
   PROSOPOSPASM US, Canine Laugh.
   PROSOPOSTERNODYxMIA,  see  Cephaloso-
 matodymia.
   PROSPERITAS VALETUDINIS, Sanitas.
   PROSP1IORA, Prehension.
   PROS'PIIYSIS, Adnascen'tia, Coalif'io, 'ad-
 hesion, adherence,  connexion,'  from pros, and
 four, ' I grow.'  In  a  more  limited  sense, this
 word  means  morbid  adhesion  of  the eyelids,
 either between themselves, or with the globe of
 the eye:  Ankyloblepharon.
   PROS'TASIS, wpotsraats, from irpo, and araois,
 'station,'  'superiority,  preponderance;'   same
 etymon as  Prostate.   A  predominance or abun-
 dunce of excrementitious humour.—Hippocrates.
   PROSTATA, Prostate— p. Adenoides,  Pros-
 bile— p.  Bartholini, Cowper's glands in the fe-
 male—p.  Glandula, Prostate—p. Muliebris,  Cow-
 per's glands in the female.
   PROSTATA, Prostate —p. Adenoides,  Pros-
 tate—p. Glandulosae, Prostate.
   PROSTATAL, Prostatic.
   PROSTATAL'GIA, from -trpoorara, 'the pros-
 tate,' and aXyos, 'pain.'  Pain in the  prostate.
   PROSTATAUXE, Prostatoparectasis.
   PROSTATE,  trpoarara, from irpo, 'before,' and
 ttrrnpt, ' I stand.'—Pros'tata, P. glandu'la, Pros'-
 tata, P. glandulo'sa seu adenoides,  Paras'tata
 adenoides seu glandulo'sa, Adstans, Paras'tata,
 P. gland'ula,  Testis minor, Corjjns glarrdulo'sum
 seu  g/ando'sum  seu adeniforrne  seu glandiforme
 seu  glandulo'sum seu  adenoi'des,   Assisterltes
 gland ula, Ads'ti tes gia ndulo'si'; tbe Prostate gland.
 A glandular,  cordiform  body, of the size  of  a
 chestnut,  situate before the neck of the bladder,
 behind the symphysis pubis, and surrounding the
 first portion of the urethra.   Its excretory out-
 lets, to the number of 10  or 12, open into the part
 ofthe urethra that traverses it, and pour into it
 a whitish  viscid  humour— Liquor prostalicus —
 intended to  lubricate the interior of the urethra,
 nnd  to serve as a vehicle for  the sperm in its
 ejaculation.
  Prostate, Anterior, see Cowper's glands.
  PROSTATE LCO'SIS, from upoarara,  < pros-
 tate.' and  UXkos, 'an  ulcer.'   Ulceration ofthe
 prostate.
  PROSTATES  INFERIEURES,  Cowper's
 glands—p.  Petites, Cowper's glands.
  PROSTATIC, Prostalicus,  Pros'tata/,  (F.)
 Prostatiqite.  That which belongs or relates to
 the prostate.  Winslow has  named — Superior
 Prostatic Muscles—ligaments which pass from
 the pubis to the lateral  parts of the prostate.  He,
also, calls—Inferior prostatic muscles—the fleshy
fibres, which, from the lateral parts ofthe urethra, I
3             PROTEINOUS
 near its membranous portion, pass to be inserted
 into the pubis.
   Prostatic  Bisec'tor.  An  instrument  em-
 ployed by Dr. Stevens, of New York, in  the bi-
 lateral operation of lithotomy.  In form it resem-
 bles a large olive, with a beak at  the  extremity,
 cutting  edges at the sides parallel  to its  longest
 axis, and with a straight handle.
   Prostatic  Liquor, Liquor prostalicus.   The
 fluid secreted by the prostate, which mixes with
 sperm during emission.
   Prostatic  portion  of the Urethra.   Tbe
 part of the canal of the urethra included by tbe
 prostate: it is about 15 lines  long.
   Prostatic Sinus, see Sinus, prostatic.
   PROSTATICUS   SUPERIOR,  Compressor
 prostatic.
   PROSTATIQUE, Prostatic.
   PROSTATITIS, Infiamma'tio Pros'tata, from
 trpoorara, ' the  prostate,' and itis, denoting in-
 flammation.  Inflammation of the prostate ; when
 accompanying  gonorrhoea, it is  the gonorrho-
 prostntltis.
   PROSTATOCELE, Prostatoncus.
   PROSTATON'CUS, Prostatoce'le, Tumorjtros-
 tata,firom npoortiTa, 'the  prostate,' and oyKos, 'a
 tumour.'  Swelling ofthe prostate.
   PROSTATOPARECTASIS, from  rrpoarara,
 'prostate,'  and  rrapiKrtivuv,  'to extend.'   En-
 largement of the prostate ; also, induration of the
 same, Prostatascir'rlius, Proetataux'e.
   PROSTATOSCIRRHUS,  see  Prostatoparec-
 tasis.
   PROSTERNID'IUM, from  rpo, 'before,' and
 orepvov,  ' the sternum.'  Any agent applied to the
 anterior part of the chest; a plaster to the breast.
   PROSTHESIS, Prothesis.
   PROSTHETA, Subdita.
   PROSTHIUM, Penis.
   PROSTOM'IA, Commissu'ra  labio'rum;  from
 irpo, 'before,' and aropa, 'mouth."   Tbe commis-
 sure of tbe lips.
   PROSTRA'TION,  Prostra'tio  vlrium,  (F.)
 Prostration des  forces, Abattement.  Great de-
 pression of strength.  Almost total loss of power
 over the muscles of locomotion.
   PRO'TEA  MELIF'ERA.   A South  African
 plant, Nat. Ord. Proteaceao, whose involucra and
 flowers,  at the  time  of  inflorescence, are filled
 with  a  sweet watery liquid,  which  contains a
 great deal of honey.  By  inspissation it forms a
 delicious syrup—Syr'npus Pro'tea, which is much
 used in pulmonary affections.
   Protea  Lepidocarpon, and some other  Pro-
 tea?, supply the same kind of juice.
   PRO'TEAN,  Pro'teifiorm,  Proteiform'is, from
 Proteus, who could assume various shapes.  As-
 suming different shapes.
   PROTEIFORMIS,  Protean.
   Proteiform'is Morbus.  A disease which as-
 sumes various characters.
   PRO'TEIN, Pr-trteine, Protei'na, from ttpwTcvur,
 'I take first rank.'  A product of the decomposi-
 tion of albumen,  &c,  by potassa.  When animal
 albumen, fibrin or casein is dissolved in a mode-
 rately strong solution  of caustic potassa, and the
 solution is exposed  for some time to a high tem-
 perature, these substances  are  decomposed.  The
 addition of acetic acid causes, in  all three,  tbe
 separation of a gelatinous translucent precipitate
 which  has exactly the same characters and com-
position.  This is protein. — Mulder.
   Protein is the  basis of animal and  vegetable
fibrin, albumen, and casein, and of gluten, which
have been, consequently, classed under the " pro-
teinaceous alimentary principle," by Dr. Pereira.
   PROTEINAGEOUS, Proteinous.
  PRO'TEINOUS,  Proteina'ceous,  Protei no'sus, 
PR0TE1NEUX          764           PRUNUS  ACACIA
(F.) Protiineux.  Of, or belonging to protein; —
as " a proteinous  alimentary principle."
  PR0 TEINEUN, Proteinous.
  PROTENSIONES GLANDULARES,  Mam-
millary eminences.
  PROTH'ESIS, Prosthesis, Adjunc'tio, Adjec'-
tio, Apposl'tio, ' addition, application ;' frora irpos,
' in addition to,' and rtSnpt, ' I put.'   That part
of surgery whose object is  to add to the human
body some artificial part, in place of one that may
be wanting, as a wooden  leg, an artificial eye, &c.
  PROTMESIS, Umbilicus, Kidney.
  PROTOAZOTATE  DE MERCURE, Hy-
drargyri nitras.
  PROTOGALA, Colostrum.
  PROTOIATROS. Archiater.
  PROTOMEDICUS,  Archiater.
   PROTOMUS, Dissector.
   PROTOPATHIA, Idiopathia.
  PRO'TOPHY/TE, Protoph'yton, from irporros,
 'first,' and tpvrov, ' a plant.'  A vegetable produc-
 tion at the foot of  the scale;  as a cryptogamous
 plant, — a fungus.
   PR0'T0PLAST,from7rpww, 'first,'and irXaoow,
 'I  form.'   A primary formation.  A first formed
 organized body — the  parent of all others.
   PROTOSPOROS, Os uteri.
   PROTOZO'ON, from  irpotros,  'first,' and fcov,
 'an animal.'   An animal lowest in the scale; —
 as a monad.
   PROTRAHENS LENTIS,  Ciliary muscle.
   PROTRUSION. Prolapsus.
   PROTU'BERANCE,  Protuberan'tia, Extube-
 ra'tio, Promineiltia,Excrescen'tia, E.ctuberan'tia,
 from pro, 'before,' and tuber, 'a projection.'  (F.)
 Basse.  A name  given to rough, unequal  protu-
 berances, seen at  the  surface  of certain organs;
 the-.parietal pratnberances,occipital protuberances,
 annular jrrotuberances, &e.
   Protuberance,  Annular, Pons  Varolii — p.
 Cerebral, Medulla oblongata,  Pons Varolii—p.
 Cijlindro'ide, Cornu ammonis.
  ' PROTUBERANTIA, Eminence—p. Annularis
 Willisii, Pons Varolii—p. Basilaris, Pons Varolii
 —p.  Cylindrica, Cornu ammonis.
   PROTRUSOR, Detrusor urinae.
   PROULIMATESIS.   A word employed  by
 Forestus for hernia of the stomach [?].
   PROUNE, Primus domestica.
   PROVENTRICULUS,  Bulbus gland,do'sus,
 Infitndib' ultim, Second stomach;  from irpo,  'be-
 fore,' and  verttriciilus,  ' the stomach.'  A bulbous
 expansion  at the termination of the oesophagus,
 immediately above the gizzard of birds, the walls
 of which  are  thickly studded  with   a layer of
 glands or follicles which secrete a digestive fluid.
   PROVERBS,  MEDTCAL.   A proverbial  ex-
 pression frequently contains  sound  sense in its
 directions.  In medicine, the greatest collection
 is  in  the Regimen of Health of the School of Sa-
 lernum,  composed in  the 11th  century, by John
 of Milan.  Yret,  although good sense is often in-
 culcated, we  frequently meet with the reverse.
   Most of the proverbs are hygienic.  The fol-
 lowing are a few.

 1. Qu' apres la sonpe tin coupe d'excellent  vin
    Tire un icu de la poche du medecin.

 2. Surge quintd, praiide nond, cana quintd, dormi
      nond,  nee est morti vita prima.

 3. Nunquam  recte corjyus  exerceri  sine  animo,
      neqtte animum sine  corpore posse.

 4. Viande. bien machie est d demi digirie.

 5. Optimum condirnentum fames.
    Appetite is the best sauce.

 6. Plures occidit gula quam gladius.
7.  Early to bed and early to rise,
   Makes a man healthy, wealthy, and wise.

8.  One man's meat's another man's poison.

9.  An ounce of prevention is better than a pound
    of cure.

  PROVERSIO, Anteversion.
  PROVINS, MINERAL WATERS  OF.  Clin-
lybeate springs  in the  department of  Seine et
Mnrne, France, which  contain carbonic acid and
iron.
  PR0VOCAT0RIUS, Intercalary.
  PROXIMAD, see Proximal aspect.
  Proximal,  from  proximus,  'next.'  Proxi-
mate ;  nearest;  next.
  Proximal Aspect.   An  aspect  towards the
trunk,  in the course of an extremity. — Barclay.
Prox'imad is used by the same writer adverbially
to signify 'towards the trunk.'
  PR UN A. Anthrax.
  PRUNE. Prunum.
  Prune Juice Expectora'tion or Sputa.  The
sputa resembling prune juice, which occur in the
third or purulent stage of pneumonia.
  PRU.XVAU, Prunum.
   PRUNELLA,  Angina pectoris, Aphthae, Cy-
nanche, Pupil.
   Prunel'la,  P. vulga'ris seu  officina'lis, Bru-
nei'la,  Consolida minor, Sym'phytum minus, Self-
heal, Heal-all, Bugle,  (F.)  Prunelle,  Brunelle;
 Ord. Labiatae.   Sex.  Syst.  Didynamia Gymno-
spermia.  This  plant  has been recommended as
an astringent, in hemorrhages and fluxes;  and,
also, in gargles against aphthae, and in inflam-
mation of the fauces.
   PRUNELLiE SAL, Potassae nitras fusus sul-
phatis  paucillo mixtus.
   PRUNELLE, Prunella, Pupil.
   PRUNELLIER, Prunus  spinosa.
   PRUNELLOE, Prunum Brignolense.
   PRUNEOLA SYLVESTRIS, Prunus spinosa.
   PRUNES, see  Prunum — p.  Pulp  of,  Pruni
 Pulpa.
   PRUNI PULPA, Pulp of prunes.   Take of
 prunes a sufficient quantity, soften them in the
 vapour of boiling water, and  having separated
 the stones, beat the remainder in a marble mortar
 and press through a hair-sieve. — Ph. U. S.
   PRUN1ER,  Prunus domestica — p. Sauvage,
 Prunus spinosa.
   PRUNUM.   A dried Plum,  a Prune.  (¥.)
 Pruneau.   Three  sorts  of Prunes  have  been
 usually ranked amongst the  articles of tbe mate-
 ria medica.   1. The Prunum  Brignolen'se; the
 Rrignole  jtlum  or Prunel'loe; from Brignole  in
 Provence.  It is of a reddish-yellow colour; nnd
 has a  very grateful, sweet, subacid taste.  2. The
 Prunum  Gal I icum,   Prunum  (Ph.  U.  S.), the
 French Prune ; and 3. The Prunum Damosec'ninn
 or Damson, Brab'ylon.  All  these  possess tbe
 same general qualities as the other summer fruits.
 They  are emollient and laxative.
   Prunum Stellatum, Averrhoa carambola.
   PRUNUS ACACIA, Prunus padus.
   Prunus Armeni'aca, Armeniaca vulga'ris seu
 epiro'tica.   The A'prirot, Apricock,  Bericuc'ee,
 jieptKOKKri, Pracoc'ia, (F.) Ahricotier.  Ord. Rosa-
 cea.   Sex.  Syst. Icosandria  Monogynia.  The
 apricot, Melum Armeniacum, (F.) Abricot, when
 ripe, is easily digested, and considered as a great
 delicacy.
   Prunus A'vium, P. cer'asus seu sylvest'ris seu
 maerophylla,  Cer'asus A'vium seu  nigra seu
 dulcis, Black  Cherry  Tree,  (F.) Merisier. Th$
 fruit is eaten ; and a  gum exudes from the tree,
 the properties  of which are similar  to those of
 gum Arabic.
   Prunus  Capulin, (S.) Capulies, grows in the 
PRURIGINOUS
open fields of Peru: and is cultivated in gardens
in  the towns.  The fruit is  acid, and  not  often
eaten ; but on account of its agreeable odour it is
used in making Pucheros de flores; or  with odo-
riferous flowers to perfume linen. — Tschudi.
  Prunus Cer'asus, Cer'asus ac"ida seu horten'-
sis  seu vulga'ris seu  rubra.   The Red Cherry
Tree;  (F.) Cerisier.   The fruit Cer'asum,  Cera'-
eion, has a pleasant, acidulous sweet flavour.   It
is wholesome.  See Prunus avium.
  Prunus  Domes'tica.   The  Plum or Damson
tree, Coccyme'lea, Proline, (F.) Prunier ordinaire.
The damson, when perfectly ripe, affords a whole-
some fruit for pies,  tarts, &c.  It is gently  laxa-
tive.   See Prunum.
  Prunus Hortensis, P. cerasus.
  Prunus Insi'tia.   The Bullace Plum  Tree.
The fruit of this tree is used like the damson.
  Prunus Lauro-Cer'asus, Cer'asus lanro-cera-
bhs, Padus lauro-cerasus,  Poison Laurel, Cherry
Laurel, Common Laurel, Lauro-cerasus, (F.) inu-
rier-cerise, L. amandier, L. ele  Tribisonde.   The
leaves, Lmtro-cer'asus, (Ph. E. and D.) have a bit-
ter, styptic  taste, with the  flavour of  bitter al-
monds. The flowers have a similar flavour.  The
powdered leaves, applied to the nostrils,  excite
sneezing.   The flavour of the leaves  has given
occasion to  their being employed  in tarts, cus-
tards,  <fcc. ; but in  large quantities they are poi-
sonous.  The poisonous  principle  is the prussic
acid.  The distilled water,  called  Laurel-water,
is poisonous.  (See  Poisons,  Table of.)   An Aqua
Lauro-Cer'asi, Cherry Laurel-water, is officinal
in  the Edinburgh  and Dublin  Pharmacopoeias.
Dose, TTJJ xxx to f !Jj.
  Prunus Macrophylla, P. avium.
  Prunus Padus,  Padus,  P.  a'vium,  Cer'asus
Padus seu raceino'sus  sylves'tris, Wild cluster or
Bird Cherry  Tree, (Sc;  Hagberry, Hack-berry,
(Prov.) Heekberry, (F.) Cerisier d grajtjtes, Bin's
 puant.  The bark  of the  tree has a fragrant
smell, and a bitter sub-astringent taste,  somewhat
similar to that of bitter almonds.   It  has been
recommended in intermittents,  &c, in  the form
of  decoction.   The berries  have  been used  in
dysentery.
  Prunus Sebastina, Sebastina.
  Prunus Spino'sa.   The Sloe Tree,  P. sylves'-
tris seu Aca'cia, Agriococcime'lea, Agru'na, Agrn-
tie'la,  (F.)  Prunellier, Prunier sauvage.   The
fruit—the sloe—is sometimes employed in gargles,
and was  formerly  much used  in hemorrhage,
owing to the astringent properties.   The Aca'cia
nostras seu  German'ica seu vulga'ris,  Prune'ola
sylves'tris, Suceus  acacia  nostra'tis,   S. Acacia
 Germaniea inspissa'tus is obtained  from this.
  Prunus Sylvestris. P. Avium, P. Spinosa.
  Prunus Virginia'na,  Cer'asus  sero'tina  seu
 Virginia'na, Choke cherry,  Wild Cherry  Tree,
(F.) Cerisier de Virginie.  The bark of this tree
has been found useful  in  intermittents.   The
leaves are poisonous to certain  animals, and the
berries intoxicate different kinds of birds.   Tbe
Indians use the bark in the cure of syphilis.  It
is bitter and  astringent, and possesses  some aro-
matic warmth, and likewise a sedative quality.  It
is stimulant and tonic.  The  leaves contain prus-
sic  acid.  The distilled oil  of the bark is  very
nearly identical with  that of the bitter almond.
A strong decoction  ofthe bark  is anthelmintic.
  Prunus Vulgaris,  P. Padus.
  FRV\ll(i"lSOV^.Priirig;no'sus,(¥.)Pi-urigi.
neux.  Same etymon  as the next.   Relating,  or
belonging to, or resembling prurigo.
  PRURI'GO, Pruritus, Chris'ma  ; from prurio,
p-itrittim, ' to itch.'   The  word  is often  used
synonymously  with itching.   Within and Bate-
inan use the term for  a genus  of cutaneous dis-
eases, the characteristic  symptoms of which are I
PSEUDAPIIE
a severe itching, accompanied by an eruption of
papulae of nearly the same colour as the adjoin-
ing  cuticle ;  Cnesmos,  Scabies papulifiorm ' is,
Exor'mia  prurigo.   It affects  the whole surface
of the skin, under three varieties of form : — the
P. mitis, P. forml cans,  P. senilis,  &c, as  well
as some parts of the body, as the P. pod'icis, and
P. pudeildi  mulie'bris,  Puden'dagra pru'riens,
Pruritus vulva, (F.) Prnrit de  la vutve.
  Prurigo, Heat — p. Pedicularis, Phtheiriasis.
  PR URIT. Itching—p. de la Vutve, see Prurigo.
  PRURITUS, Gargalus,  Itching, Prurigo — p.
Vulvae, see Prurigo.
  PRUSSIAN  BLUE, Ferrum  Zoolicum seu Bo-
rus'sicnm seu Cyanogena'turn seu oxydula'tum hy-
drocyan'icum, Ferri Ferrocy'anas seu Ferrocya-
nure'tum  seu   Cyanure'tum seu Percyan'idiirn,
Borus'sias seu  Prussias seu Hydrocy'anas Ferri,
Caru'leiim Boms'sictini  seu Berolinen'se,  Trito-
hydro-ferrocy'anute or Ferrocyanuret or Ferro-
prus'state  of iron, (F.) Bleu  de Prusse, B. de
Berlin.  In the Pharmacopoeia of the  United
States, the pure salt—Ferri ferrocyanuretum—is
directed to be made as follows; Ferri Sulph. ^iv,
acid sulph. f^iiiss, acid nitric, f.^vj or q. s., po-
tassii ferrocyanuret. t^ivss, aqua, Oij.   Dissolve
the sulphate in a pint of water, and having add-
ed the sulphuric acid,  boil the solution.   Pour
into it the nitric acid, in small portions, boiling
the liquid  for a minute or two after each addi-
tion, until  it no longer produces a dark colour;
then allow the  liquid to cool. Dissolve the ferro-
cyanuret of potassium  in  the  remainder of the
water, and add this solution gradually to the first
liquid, agitating the mixture after each addition  ;
then pour it upon a filter.   Wash the  precipitate
with boiling water until the washings  pass taste-
less.   Lastly, dry  and rub  into pftwder.   This
salt is chiefly used in the preparation  of the hy-
drocyanic acid  and  the cyanuret of mercury.  It
has been  advised in  the treatment  of intermit-
tents, and in epilepsy and  scropbulosis.  Exter-
nally, it has been applied to ill-conditioned ulcers.
(^j to ^j. of cerate.)  Dose, four to six grains.
  PSALIDIUM, Fornix.
  PSALIS. Fornix, Scissors.
  PSALTERIUM.  Lyra.
  PSAMMA. see Gravel.
  PSA MM IS'MUS,  Ammis'inus,  Gammis'mus,
from xpaufios, ' sand.'  Areua'tio.  Tbe application
of sand to any part of the body for the cure of
disease. — Paulus.
  PS AM MO DES, Sabulous.
  PSAMMUS.see  Gravel.
  PSAUTIER, Omasum.
  PSELLIS'MUS,  -ieXXtopos, Psellotes, i/cAAor???,
from \J.eXXt$w, 'I stutter.'   Imperfect or depraved
state of the articulation.  A genus  in the  class
Pnenmatica, order  Phonica, of Good.
  Pset.lismi's Nasitas, Rhinophonia — p.  Rho-
tacismus,  Rotacisin.
  PSELLOTES, Balbuties.
  PSEUDACACIA ODORATA, Robinia pseu-
dacacia.
  PSEUDACOE, Pscudacola. Pseudecoi'a, from
i//£i>r5??s, ' false,'and u/coi?, 'audition.'  Pseuducu'sis.
False hearing.
  PSEUDACORUS.  Iris pseudacorus.
  PSEUDiESTIIE'SIA, Smsus perver'sus,  from
if.tv6ns, ' false,'  and atoSavopai,  ' I feel.'  ataSnots,
' feeling.'   Parapsis itluso'ria, Pscnda'phe. Pseu-
daph'ia,  (F.) Psetttlesthesie. Depraved feeling.
Imaginary sense of touch  or general feeling in
organs that have no existence.  Common to those
who have suffered amputation ;  and to  hypochon-
driacs  and tbe insane.
  PSEUDALEI MORBI. Feigned diseases.
  PSEUDANGUSTURIXUM. Brucine.
  PSEUDAPIIE, Pseudsesthesia. 
PSEUDARTHROSIS
0 6
PSOLE
  PSEUD ART II RO'SIS, Pseudarticuta'tio,
Pseudartic'ulus, Articula'tio notha seu artificia'-
lis, from tpcv&ns, 'false,' and apSpuv, ' a joint.'  A
false joint or  articulation ;  Artie'ulus novus seu
spu'riits seu  praternatura'lis, (F.)  Articulation
surnumiraire.
  PSEUDARTICULATIO, Pseudarthrosis.
  PSEUUECOIA, Pseudacoe.
  PSEUDENCEPH'ALUS, Paraceph'alus, from
4evSni, 'false,' and  eyKetf>aXov, ' the  encephalon.'
A monster, whose cranium is open  in its  whole
extent, from before to behind, its base supporting
a vascular tumour. — I. G. St. Hilaire.
  PSEUDESTHESIE,  Pseudaesthesia.
  PSEUDO, False—p. Asthma, Dyspnoea.
  PSEUDOBLEP'SIA,  Pseudoblepsis,  Pseudo-
ra'st's, Suffu'sio oc'uli, from ipev&ns, 'false,' and
fiXetpts, 'sight.'  Pseudops'ia, Parop'sis illiiso'ria,
Suffu'sio,  Phantas'ma, False sight.  A generic
name, used by Cullen for perversion of vision.
See Metamorphopsia.
  PSEUDOBLEPSIS, Paropsis.
  PSEUDOCARCINOMA LABII, Cancer aqua-
ticus.
  PSEUDOCHROMIA, Achromatopsia.
  PSEUDOCROUP, Asthma thymicum.
  PSEUDOCYESIS, Pregnancy, false —p. Cye-
sis  molaris,  Mole.
  PSEUDOENCEPHALITIS, Hydrencephaloid
disease.
  PSEUDO-FEVER, Irritation, morbid.
  PSEUDOGEU'SIA,   Pseudogen'sis,   Pseicdo-
gcus'tia, from ■■levins, 'false,' and yevois, 'taste.'
Hallncina'tio gustus.  False taste.
  PSEUDOGEUSTIA, Pseudogeusia,
  PSEUDOHELMINTHES, Ectozoa.
  PSEUDOLI'EN,  Pseudosjrleu,  from tenons,
 'false,' and lien, 'spleen.'   Glands situate  in tbe
neighborhood of the spleen; probably, lymphatic
glands.
   PSEUDOMECHOACANA, Convolvulus pan-
 duratus.
   PSEUDOMEDICUS,  Charlatan.
   PSEUDOMELANOTIC  FORMATIONS, see
 Anthracosis.
   Pseudomelanotic Meninx, Membrane, false—
 p. Metamorphosis polyposa,  polypus.
   PSEUDOMEMBRANA. Membrane, false.
   PSEU DOMEMBRAN E, Membrane, false.
   PSEUDONARCISSUS, Narcissus pseudonar-
 cissus.
   PSEUDONOMA'NIA. from Sevens, 'false,' and
 mania.  A form of  insanity, which  is character-
 ized  by a morbid propensity for lying.
   PSEUDO-PARASITES. Ectozoa.
   PSEUDOPERIPNEUMONIA, Peripneumonia
 notha.
   PSEUDOPHLOGOSTS VENTRICULI RESO-
 LUTIVA ET COLLIQUATIVA, Gastromalacia.
   PSEUDOPHTHI'SIS.  'False phthisis.'  Ema-
 ciation occasioned by other cause than organic
 lesion of the  lungs.
   PSEUDOPLAS'MATA,  from  ifrtvSnc, 'false,'
 and  -nXaaoti), ' I form.'  A term applied to  malig-
 nant heterologous tumours.—Vogel.
   PSEUDOPLEURITIS, Pleurodynia —p. Po-
 lypi, see Polypi — p. Pyrethrum, Achillea ptar-
 inica — p. Spleen,  Pseudolien.
   PSEUDOPNEUMONIA, Peripneumonia no-
 tha.
   PSEUDOPNEUMONITIS, Peripneumonia no-
 tha.
   PSEUDOPSIA, Pseudoblepsia.
   PSEUDORASrS, Pseudoblepsia.
   PSEUDOREX'IA, Pseudorex'is, from  ^evlm,
 'false,' and ope^is, 'appetite.' False appetite.
   PSEUDO-RHONCHUS,  from  ^eohns,  'false,'
 and  poy)(os, 'rattle.'  A  sound  heard during re-
 spiration, which appears to be produced, like the
ordinary rhonchi, in the air-tubes, but is exterior
to them—ns in the case of pleural pseudorhonchi.
See Rattle, and Rdle.
  PSEUDOSCOP'IC, Pscndoscnjr'icus, from
•istvons, 'false,' and oKoirtor, 'I view.'   Conveying
false impressions to the eye ; as where projecting
surfaces are seen depressed, and conversely.
  PSEU DOS'MIA, Pscudosphre'siu, p'seudos-
phre'sis, from \[evoiis,  'false,' and oapn, ' smell.'
False sense of smell.
  PSEUDOSPHRESIA, Pseudosmia.
  PSEUDOSYPI1ILIS. Syphilis pseudosypbilis.
  PSEUDOTHANATOS, Asphyxia.
  PSEUDO VARIOLA,  Varicella.
  PSEUDYMEN. Membrane, false.
  PSIDTUM POMIF'ERUM.   The Ajrple Gua-
va,   Guava,  Guayava.   Ord.  Mvrtaceae.   This
plant and  P. Pyrifi'eruin  bear fruits ; those of tho
former like apples,—of the latter like pears.  Tho
apple kind has an acid flavour, the other is sweet.
Of the inner pulp of either,  the natives  of the
Indies make jellies;  and, ofthe outer rind, tarts,
marmalades, &c.  They are somewhat astringent;
this  quality, indeed, exists in every part of tbo
tree, and abundantly  in the leaf-buds, which are
occasionally boiled with  barley and  liquorice as
an excellent drink in  diarrhoea.  A simple decoe-
tion of the leaves is said to be useful in the itch,
and  most  cutaneous eruptions.
  PSILOSIS. Depilation.
  PSILOTHRUM, Bryonia alba, Depilatory.
  PSIMMYTHON, Plumbi subcarbonas.
  PSOA,  Dysodia.
  PSOiE, Psoia, Fsya, 4.001,  see  Lumbi,  ' the
loins.'  The  psooe muscles;  Alojfeces,  Nephro-
me'tra, Neurome'teres.
  PSOAS-MAGNUS,  Psoas seu lumba'ris inter'-
nus, Femur moven'tium sextus, Pre-lombo-trochan-
tin,  Pre-lombo-trochantinien  (Ch.).   A  muscle,
seated on  the lateral parts of the lumbar portion
of the vertebral  column ;  and  passing down to
the superior  and anterior part  of the thigh. It
is long, fusiform, and attached, above,  to the
body and transverse processes of the first four
lumbar vertebrae, and last dorsal.  Below, it ter-
minates, by a very  thick  tendon, common  to it
and the iliacus muscle,—which is inserted into
the  top of  the  lesser trochanter.  This  muscle
bends the thigh upon the pelvis, and carries it in
rotation outwards.  It may, also, bend the pelvis
on the thigh, and the loins on the pelvis.  It acts
considerably in station and progression.
   Psoas  Parvus, Pri-lombo-pubien, (Ch.)  A
muscle situate anteriorly to the last.  It is long,
thin, flat, and narrow ; and is attached, above, to
the body  of the last  dorsal vertebra, and below,
to the linea ileo-pectinea, by means of a  slender
tendon, which furnishes two expansions — one to
the  Iliac aponeurosis, and the other to the pelvis.
This muscle bends the vertebral column  on the
pelvis; and, reciprocally, the pelvis on the ver-
tebral column.
   PSODYTMUS, Gastrodidymus.
   PSOIiE, Psoae.
   PSOITE, Psoitis.
   PSOI'TIS, Infiamma'tio mns'culi Psoas, Lnm-
 ba'go infiammato'ria  spasmod'ica, (F.) Pso'ite, In-
 flammation  dn  muscle Psoas.   From xj.oai, ' the
 loins,' 'the psoae muscles,' and itis, denoting in-
 flammation.  Inflammation of the psoas muscles
 and of the parts situate before the lumbar verie-
 bnc : accompanied, from its commencement, by
 considerable  fever,   violent  pains  in  the part
 affected and in the thigh ofthe same side, which
 remains commonly half bent.   Psoitis may termi-
 nate by suppuration, and form  a lumbar abscess.
   PSOLE, xpaXv, 'the  male  organ.' Also, the
 glans when uncovered. 
PSOLON
767
PSYDRACIA
  PSOLON, Membrosus.                        I
  PSOIiDVCUS, from psole,  and oyKos,  'a  tu-
mour.'   Swelling of the  glans, or of the penis
generally.
  PSOLUS, from psole.   One who has the glans
uncovered.  One who has been circumcised.
  PSOPHOMETER, Stethoscope.
  PSOP1I0S, tj,otpos, 'a noise.'   Aloud noise; a
hollow sound.
  PSORA, from tporto, 'I  rub gently.'  Sca'bies,
Plilt/sis  seu  Ecjrye'sis Scabies,  Scabiola, Itch,
Scratch, Scotch fiddle, (Prov.)  Ichet,  Scrat, (Sc.)
the Reifi, Youk, Yuke, (F.) Gale, Mai Saint-Main,
Rogue.   A contagious eruption of very  minute
pimples—pustular, vesicular, papular, intermixed,
and  alternating, itching intolerably and termina-
ting in scabs.  It seems to be connected with an
insect of the  genus ^4cn?-i(« / — the Ac'arus  seu
Sot-cop'tes seu Sarcop'ttts seu Phthi'rium seu Chcy-
le'tns Sealiiei, Ac'arus Ciro, Itch-insect, Itch-ani-
malcule, Itch  mite, (F.) Ciron.  The itch occupies,
particularly, the spaces between  the  fingers,  the
back of the hands,  wrists, elbows, axillae, groins,
hams, Ac, and rarely affects the face.  The best
applications, for its cure, are,—the Unguentum
 Siiljrhuris or Ung. Sttljrh.  comp. night and morn-
ing ; but the unpleasant smell  of the  sulphur  has
 given occasion to the use  of other means ;—as the
  White Hellebore. Potass in deliquescence, Muriate
 of Ammonia,  Sulphuric Acid,  &e.   The  repug-
 nance to the smell of sulphur ought not, however,
 to be  regarded; especially as, in the course of
 four or five days, it will,  in  almost all cases, pro-
 duce a perfect cure.
   Psora Agria, Psoriasis inveterata.
   Psora Ebrio'rum, Drunkard's  Itch.  An erup-
 tion, attended  by  afflicting  itching, to  which
 elderly people, who have been  much addicted to
 drinking alcoholic liquors, are  liable.—Darwin.
   Psora Leprosa, Psoriasis—p. Squamosa, Pso-
 riasis.
   PSORALEA, Psoralea pentaphylla.
   Psora'lea  Glandulo'sa, from -^wpaXeos
 'scurfy or scaly,' in reference to its scurfy  glands
 or dots.  Alvaquil'la.  Ord. Leguminosae.  Sex.
 Syst. Diadelphia Decandria,   A  shrub, used in
 Chili as a vulnerary.   The Paraguay tea is re-
 ferred to it by M. Lenoble, of  Montevideo.   See
 Ilex Paraguensis.
   Psora'lea Pentapiiyl'la,  Psora'lea,  Contra-
yer'ra nova, Mex'ican Contrayer'va.  The root is
 little, if at all, inferior to the contrayerva in its
 medical properties; which, by the by, are unim-
 portant.
   PSORENTERIA, Cholera.
   PSORI'ASIS, (same etymon  as Psora,) for-
merly,  the  state of being affected  with  \Iu?pa.
 Lepido'sis psori'asis, Serpe'do, Serpigo, Impeti-
go (of some), Sca'bies sie'ea seu feri'na, Psora
 lepro'sa  seu squamo'sa, Scaly  Tetter, Dry Scale,
 Dry Scall, (F.)  Dartre sqitamense lichenoide, D.
icaillcuse,  Gratelle, Gale miliare, G. canine ou
siche.  A cutaneous  affection, consisting of patches
of  rough,  amorphous scales;  continuous, or of
indeterminate outline ;  skin often chappy.  Pso-
riasis occurs under a considerable variety of forms.
The surface, under  the scales, is more tender and
irritable than in  lepra, which  psoriasis, in some J
respects, resembles. Dr. AVillan has given  names
to eleven  varieties of psoriasis:  the  chief of
which are tbe Psoriasis gutta'ta, P. diffu'sa (one
form of which is the Baker's Itch  and Grocer's j
Itch  : and another, the Washerwoman's Seal/),  the
P. gyra'ta, and  P.  in ret era'ta  sen Psora a'gria.
The  treatment of irritable psoriasis must be anti-
phlogistic,  with  the internal  use of the  fixed
alkalies, sulphur. Ac.  They do  better without
any local application.   The more local and  less
inflammatory  are ameliorated  by emollient  and
soothing applications; or by slightly stimulating
means,  sea-bathing, the  Ung. hydrarg. nitrico-
oxyd.,  Ung. oxidi zinci, Ac.
  PSORIC, Pso'ricus,  (F.) Psoriquc,  Galeux;
frora i/-u?pa, 'itch.'   That which  has the nature
of itch.  A medicine for curing the itch.
  PSOROCOMI I'M, from  -torpa, • the itch,' and
Kopeor,  'I take care of.'  An hospital for those
affected with itch.
  PSOROPHTHALMIA, Ophthalmia tarsi —p.
Neonatorum, see Ophthalmia (purulenta  infan-
tum).
  PSY.ffi, Psoas.
  PSYCIIAGOGA, Psychagogica.
  PSYCHAGO'GICA, Psycho go'go,  from  tpvxn,
'life,' 'soul,' and ayor, 'I lead.' Medicines  which
resuscitate, when life seems extinct;  as in syn-
cope and apoplexy.
  PSYCHE, Anima.
  PSYCHIA'TER.  Same  etymon  as the next.
One who treats  diseases of the  mind — a  Mad-
doctor, (F.) Midecin de fious, Aliiuiste.
  PSYCIIIATRI'A,  from  ^vXii,  'mind,'  and
tarpeta, 'healing.'   Treatment of diseases  of the
mind.
  PSY'CIITCAL, Psy'chicus, from rjvxn, 'mind.'
That which relates  to the mind or mental endow-
ments.   Psycholog"ical is not unfrequently used
with the like signification.
  PSYCHOLOGICAL,  see Psychical.
  PSYCHOL'OGY,  Psycholog"ia,  from  uVtiy.??,
'mind,' and Xoyos, 'discourse.'  A treatise on the
intellectual and moral faculties.  Also, the intel-
lectual and moral faculties or sphere.
  PSYCIIONOSOL'OGY, Psyc,honosolog"ia, from
ipvxn, 'mind,' voaos, 'disease,' and Xoyos, 'a de-
scription.'   The doctrine of, or a  treatise on, dis-
eases  of the mind.
  PSYCHOPATHIES, Psychoses.
  PSYCHOR'AGES, Agoni'zans,  Moribitrldns,
Mor'ibund,  Fey, Fee, Fie, from ipvxv, 'mind,
'life,' and  payn,  'ruplure.'   Dying;  in Articnlo
Mortis, "in the article of death;" ?'?? extre'mis.
Moribund means, also, one who is dying.
  PSYCHORAGTA. Agony, Death.
  PSYCHORRIIAGIA, Agony, Death.
  PSYCHOS, Cold.
  PSYCHO'SES, from  ipvxn, 'mind.'  Neuroses
of  the  intellect.  Diseases of the mind.   Psy-
chop'athies.
  PSYCHOTIIERAPEI'A, from if,vXv, 'mind,'
and Sepairevw, ' I  attend upon the sick.'  Treat-
ment  of disease through the mind.
  PSYCHOTICA, Analeptica.
  PSYCHOTRIA, Analeptica —p. Crocea, Pali-
courea crocea— p. Emetica, Ipecacuanha.
  PSYCHOTROPHUM. Betonica officinalis.
  PSYCHROLU'SIA, Psychrolu'tron, from  ^u-
ypos, 'cold.' and Aotu?, 'I wash.'  A cold bath.
  PSYCHROPHOB'IA, from ^vxpos, cold,' and
<po0os,  'fear.'  Dread of cold, especially of cold
water.  Impressibility to cold.
  PSYCHTICA,  Refrigerants.
  PSYDRA'CIA.  quasi,  ij,vKpa  'vSpaKta,  'cold
drops,' from ipvcpai;, t^vSpaxos, 'a  small blister or
pimple.' The ancients sometimes used this term
for  pimples; at others, for vesicles.  Willan and
Bnteman define Psydracium to be, a small pus-
tule, often  irregularly circumscribed, producing
but a  slight elevation of the cuticle, and termi-
nating in a laminated scab.  Many  of the psy-
dracia usually appear together, and become con-
fluent; and, after the discharge of pus, they pout
out a  thin, watery humour; which  frequently
forms  an  irregular  incrustation.  Frank  limits
the term to a psoriform eruption,  which differs
from itch in not originating from an insect, and
is not contagious ;—perhaps the lichen. Authors
have differed regarding its acceptation. 
PSYLLIUM
768
PTERYGOID
  Psydraoi v Acne, Acne.
  PSYLLIUM, Plantago  psyllium—p. Erectum,
Plantago psyllium.
  PTARMICA, Achillea ptarmica—p. Montana,
Arnica montana.
  PTARMICUM, Errhine, Sternutatory.
  PTARMOS, Sneezing.
  PTELEA, Ulmus.
  Ptelea  Trifolia'ta, Shrubby trefoil. Swamp
dogwood,  Stinking  ash,  Stinking prairie  bush,
 Wingseed ; indigenous.  Order, Xanthoxylaceae.
Flowering  in June.  Is  said to be possessed of
antiperiodic virtues, and to be anthelmintic.
  PTERIS. Polypodium filix mas.
  Pteris  Aquili'na,-(nrtpuf, 'a wing.'from  the
shape of its leaves.)  Pter'ia, Thelyp'terls, Filix
Nympha'a seu fioemin'ea,  Asple'nium aqiiillrtum,
 Common Brake or  Female Fern;  Eagle  Fern,
Bracken, (F.) Fougere femelle, La  grande Fou-
gh-e.   Nat. Ord. Filices.  The root is considered
to be anthelmintic; and as efficacious as that of
the male fern in cases of tapeworm.
  Pteris Palustris, Asplenium filix foemina.
  PTERNA, Calcaneum.
  PTERNIUM, Calcaneum.
  PTERNOBATES, Calcigradus.
  PTEROCARPUS ERINACEA, see Kino —p.
Marsupium, see Kino — p. Sandalinus, P. Santa-
linus.
  Pterocar'pus  Santali'nus,  P.  Sandalinus,
(irrepov, 'a  wing,' and Kapiros,  'fruit,')  San'talum
seu San'dalitm Rubrum, Red Sanders or Saunders
 Tree,  (F.)  Santal  rouge.   Ord.  Leguminosae.
Sex. Syst. Diadelphia Decandria.  Red Saunders
wood,  San'talum, (Ph. U.  S.,)  Lignum sandall-
nurn is used only as a colouring  matter:  it gives
to rectified  spirit a fine deep red.  The juice of
this tree, like that  of P. Draco, affords a species
of Dragon's Blood.
  PTEROCAULON  PYCNOSTACH'YUM,  Co-
ny'za  pycnostach'ya,  Black root;  indigenous.
 Order, Compositae.   The root is used as  an alte-
rative  in the form of decoction.   It is said  to be
possessed of cathartic properties.
  PTEROS'PORA  ANDROMEDE'A, (irrepov, 'a
wing,' and onopa, 'seed,' in allusion to  the singu-
lar wing borne  by the seeds,) Scaly Dragon claw,
 Dragon root, Fever  root, Albany beechdrop.  An
indigenous  plant, Nat. Ord.  Monotropeae, Sex.
 Syst.  Decandria Monogynia:—found in the State
 of New Yrork, which blossoms in July.   The root
 has been regarded  as an anthelmintic,  diuretic,
 emmenagogue, &c.: but is not used.
  PTERYG'ION, Pterygium,  Ala,  frora irrepvl
 rrepvyos. ' a wing.'   A small wing.   Web,  Onyx,
 Pyo'sis, Unguis,  (F.) Drapeau,  Onglet.  A vari-
 cose excrescence of the conjunctiva, of  a  trian-
 gular shape, and commonly occurring at the inner
 angle  of the eye;  whence  it  extends over the
 cornea.  Sometimes two  or three pterygia occur
 on  the same  eye,  and cover the whole cornea
 with  a thick veil, which  totally prevents vision.
 According to Scarpa, the ancients gave the name
 Pannic'ulus  to  this last  complication.   If  the
 pterygion cannot be dispelled by means of  discu-
 tient collvria, it must be removed by the scissors.
   PTERYGIUM, Pterygion, Scapula—p. Digiti,
 Paronychia—p. Lardaceum, Pinguecula—p. Pin-
 gue, Pinguecula.
   PTER'YGO, in the composition of anatomical
 terms, means  relating, or  appertaining, to  the
 pterygoid processes.
   PTERYGO-ANGULT-MAXILLAIRE. Ptery-
 goideus internus—p. Colli-rnaxillnire,  Pterygoid-
 eus externus—p. Maxillaire. grand, Pterygoideus
 internus—p. Maxillaire, petit, Pterygoideus  ex-
 ternus— p. Palatine canal, Pterygoid  canal — p.
 Pharyngeus, Constrictor pharyngis — p. Staphy-
 linus, Circumflexus.
   PTER'YGO-PAL'ATINE, Pterygo-Palatlnus.
 That which belongs to the pterygoid process and
 palate.
   Pterygo-Palatine Artery or Superior pha-
 ryngeal is a very small artery, and is given oil' by
 the internal maxillary at the bottom of the zygo-
 matic fossa:  after  having passed  through the
 pterygo-palatine canal,  it is  distributed to tho
 superior part of the pharynx, the sphenoid bone,
 and the  Eustachian tube.
   Pterygo-Palatine Canal.  A small  canal,
 formed by the  internal ala of the pterygoid pro-
 cess, and the palate bone.  It  gives  passage to
 the vessels of the same name.
   PT ERYGO-STAPHY LIN US INTERNUS,
 Levator palati—p. Syndesrno-stajthyli-phurynyien,
 Constrictor pharyngis.
   PTERYGOIDS, Alatus.
   PTER'YGOIB,Pterygoi'de8,Pterygoide'iis,Ali-
 for'mis ; from ?rr£pii|, irrepvyos, ' a wing,' and tt&os,
 ' form.'  A name given to  two jtrocesses at the in-
 ferior surface of the sphenoid bone; the two la-
 minae which form them having been compared to
 wings.   These ala or wings or jtrocesses,— Proces'-
 sus  aliform'es, — have been  distinguished, ac-
 cording  to  their position, into  internal (ento-pte-
 rygoitl) and external.
   Pterygoid Artery, Vid'ian  Artery, Ram'tdus
 Dnctds Pterygo'itle'i, Arte'ria Jtharynge'a snjtre'-
 ma, arises from the internal maxillary artery, at
 the bottom  of the zygomatic fossa, and enters the
 pterygoid canal with the nerve ofthe same name,
 to proceed  to  be distributed  on the Eustachian
 tube and  velum  palati.  The  name, jtterygoid
 arteries, is likewise given to the branches,  which
 the internal maxillary and some of its divisions,
 as the meningea media, and posterior  temporalis
 profunda, furnish to the  pterygoid  muscles, be-
 hind the neck of the lower jaw.
   Pterygoid Bone, Sphenoid.
   Pterygoid Canal, Vid'ian canal, Ductus pte-
 rygoideus, Cana'lis Vidia'nus, (F.) Conduit  ptery-
 go'idien ou  Vidien, Pterygo-palatine  canal, is a
 narrow channel, which  traverses, in a direction
 from before to behind, the base of tbe pterygoid
 process, and gives passage  to the pterygoid  nerve.
 The foramina  of the  sphenoid, which terminate
 the  canals, have the same  epithets  applied to
 them.
   Pterygoid  Fossa, Fossa  Fte,-i/g,,ide'a, (F.)
 Fosse ptiryyoidienne  ou ptirygo'idc,  is the de-
 pression which  separates the two laminae or ala)
 of the pterygoid process.
   Pterygoid  Mus'cles,  Ala'res mus'cult, Ali-
 fornles mns'culi,  are two in  number. 1. Tho
 Pterygoideus  externus seu minor, (F.) Ptirygo-
 colli-maxillaire, Petit  Ptirygo-maxillaire.  (Ch.),
 Petit ptirygoidien, Ptirygoidien  externe, is  a
 thick, short muscle, which arises, by  short apo-
 neuroses, from the outer  surface of the external
 ala of the pterygoid process, and from the  outer
 surface  of the great ala  of  the sphenoid  bone;
 and  is inserted at  the anterior part of the neck
 of the lower jaw-bone, and the corresponding part
 of the inter-articular fibro-cartilage. This muscle
 draws the condyle of the lower jaw and the inter-
 articular ligament forwards.  It carries the chin
 forwards, and to the opposite side.   If the two
 external pterygoids act together, the  jaw is car-
 ried directly forwards.  2. The Pterygoideus in-
 ternus  seu  major,  Masse'ter intertills, Lntens  in
  Ore,  (F.)  Grand  Ptirygo-ma.cilia ire,  Ptirygo-
 angiili-maxi/laire, Grand  Ptirygoidien ou I'leiy-
 goidien interne.  A thick, quadrilateral muscle,
 which is attached  by short and very  strong apo-
 neuroses; above, to the pterygoid fossa, whence
 it proceeds downwards, backwards, and outwards,
 to be inserted into the inner surface of the ramus
1 of the lower jaw, near its  angle.  This  muscle 
PTERYGOlDIEN           769               PUCHURY
raises; the lower jaw, and carries it a little for-
wards.   It also performs the grinding motion.
  Pterygoid Ni:rves.  These are  two in num-
ber.  I. The Pterygoid  or Vid'ian Nerve.   It
arises from  the posterior part of  the  spheno-
palatine ganglion ; traverses the Vidian canal of
the sphenoid;  and, beyond, divides  into two fila-
ments.  1.  A superior or cranial, Nervus superfi-
cio'lis sive petro'sus,  which ascends into the cra-
nium, and enters the hiatus of Fallopius to unite
with the facial nerve.  2.  An inferior or carotid,
Nervus profundus sive major, which traverses the
carotid  canal,  and  unites with  the ascending
branches of the superior cervical  ganglion of the
trisplanchnic.   II. The  Pterygoid  Nerve,  pro-
perly so called, Nervus  mttscnli pterygoidei, is
given off by the inferior maxillary branch of the
5th pair.
   Pterygoid Processes, see Pterygoid.
   PTERYGOlDIEN GRAND ou INTERNE,
Pterygoideus internus—p.  Externe,  Pterygoideus
externus—p.  Petit,  Pterygoideus externus.
   PTERYGO'MA, from irrepvi,, irrepvyos, 'a wing;
a projecting or pendulous  body.'  A swelling  of
the vulva, which prevents coition. — M. A. Seve-
rinus.
   PTERYX, Ala.
   PTILOSIS, Deplumatio, Madarosis.
   PTISANA, Tisane — p.  Communis, Decoctum
hordei compositum — p. Hippocratica, Decoctum
hordei.
   PTISSANA, Tisane.
   PTOCHIA'TER,  Ptochia'trus,  from  irTu>Xos,
'poor,' and larpos, 'a physician.'  A physician to
the poor, or to an establishment for  the poor.
   PTOCHIATRI'A.  Practice amongst the poor.
Also, an institution for the treatment of the dis-
eases of the poor.
   PTOCHOCO.MI'UM, from w^os, ' a poor per-
son,' and Kopctii, 'I take care of;' Ptochodochlum,
Ptochei'um, Ptochotrophe'um.   An almshouse. An
hospital for the poor.
   PTOCHODOCHIUM, Ptochocomium.
   PTOCHOTROPHEUM, Ptochocomium.
   PTOMA, Cadaver.
   PTOSIS,  trrorais,  Prolapsus — p.  Bulbi oculi,
Exophthalmia.
   PTOSIS I'RIDIS, Iridoce'le, Her'nia seu Prolapt-
«K* I'ridis,  Iridopto'sis,  from irrumi;,  'a  fall-
ing.'  A prolapsus of the iris through a wound
of the cornea.   It is known by a blackish tubercle,
which projects a little from the cernea in various
forms.
   Ptosis Palpf.br e, Blepharoptosis.
   PTYALAGOGUE, Sialogogue.
   PTYALIN,  see Saliva.
   PTYAL1SM. Salivation.
   PTYALISME, Salivation—p. Mercuriel, Sali-
vation, mercurial.
   PTYALISMUS,  Salivation—p. Acutus melli-
tus, see Salivation—p. Acutus sympatheticus, see
Salivation—p.  Hydrargyratus,  Salivation, mercu-
rial—p. Iners,  Slavering—p. Mercurialis, Saliva-
tion, mercurial — p. Pyrosicus, Pyrosis.
  PTYALOGOGUE, Sialogogue.
  PTYALON, Saliva.
  PTYASMAGOGUE, Expectorant, Sialogogue.
  PTYELON,  Saliva, Sputum.
  PTYSIS, Exspuition.
  PTYSMA, Saliva, Sputum.
  PTYSMAGOGUE. Sialogogue.
  PTYSMATIS'CHESIS, Ptysmatos'chesis, from
rrvtjpa,  'sputum,' and io-^eiv,  'to retain.'   Sup-
pression of pulmonary expectoration.
  PTYSMATOSCHESIS,  Ptysmatischesis.
  PUAXTEUR, Dysodia.
  PUBENS, Ephebus.
  PUBER,  Ephebus.
  PU'BERAL; same etymon  as  Puberty.   Re-
     49
lating or appertaining to the age of puberty — at
' a puberal disease.'
   PUBERE, Ephebus.
   PUBERTAS, Ephebia.
   PU'BERTY,  Puberlas, Hebe, Pubes,  Aphro-
dis'ia, Ephebia, Ejthe'bia,  Ejthe'botes, Ejthebo'-
syne, Pubes'cence, from  pitbescere, ' to begin to
have hair on the chin and  sexual organs.'   Tbe
period of life at which young people of both sexes
are pubes'cent or nubile.   According to the civil
law, puberty occurs at  12 years in females, and
14 in males.   The period varies somewhat in dif-
ferent climates, and in  different individuals of
the same climate.
   PUBES, Pubis, Epis'ch'ion, Cteis, Pecten ; tbo
Pubic region.  Same etymon.   The middle part
of the hypogastric region ; so called, because it is
covered  with hair, in both sexes, at the period of
puberty.  The hair is also called Pubes, La ml go
seu  Pili, Pudendo'rum,  Planttlrium ; and, of old,
Ejticten'ion and pubertas signified the same.   See
Tressoria.
   Pubes, Puberty.
   PUBESCENCE, Puberty.
   PUBESCENT, see Puberty.
   PUBI^US, Pubic.
   PUBIC,  Pit'bian, Pu'bieus,  Pubia'us,  (F.)
Pubien.   That which belongs to or concerns the
pubis.
   Pubic  Arch, Arch ofi the Pubis, (F.) Arcade
piibienne.  The  arch at  the anterior  part of tbe
inferior circumference of the pelvis.  It is more
expanded in  the female than in  the male; to cor-
respond  with the additional functions  which she
has to execute.
   Pubic  Articula'tion, Sym'physls  Pubis, re-
sults from the junction  of  the ossa pubis.  The
medium  of union is cartilage.
   Pubic Lig'aments are two very solid, fibrous
fascia?, situate before and beneath the symphysis
pubis, which they strengthen.  The one is called
the anterior pubic ligament; the other the infe-
rior or subpubic.
   Pubic  Region, Re'gio Pubis.  The  region of
the pubes.
   PUBIEN, Pubic.
   PUBIO-COCCYGIEN-ANNULAIRE,
Pubio-coccyge'us annula'ris.  Dumas  gave  this
name to  the  levator ani and ischio-coccygeus,
which he considers  a single  muscle.
   F UBIO- CO CC YGIEN-ANNULA IRE, Leva -
tor Ani—p.  Finroral, Pectinalis — p. Femoralis,
Adductor longus femoris — p.  Ombilical, Pyra-
midalis  abdominis — p.  Prostaticus,  Compressor
prostatas—p. Sous-ombilical, Pyramidalis abdo-
minis— p. Sternal, Rectus  abdominis — p. Ure-
thral, see Compressor Urethrae.
   PUBIS, Pubes.
   Pubis   Os, Os Pec'tints,  Episei'on,  Episi'on,
Epis'chion, Share Bone,  Bar-bone, (Sc.)  Ark-
bein.  The anterior part of the os innominatum ;
so called  because it corresponds to  the genitnl
organs and pubic region.  The angle of the pubis
is formed by the union of the body and rami of
each side.
  PUB'LICE PARTES. 'Public parts.'  Those
organs are so called, the  object of whose func-
tions is the nutrition of all the others.   Such are
the digestive and respiratory organs.
  PUCCOON. Sanguinaria Canadensis — p. Red,
Sanguinaria  Canadensis—p. Y'ellow,  Hydrastis
Canadensis.
  PUCE, Pulex irritans—p. de Bourgogne, see
Anthrax —p. Maligne, see  Anthrax —p. Pene-
trante, Chique.
  PUCELAGE, Virginity.
  PUCELLE, Virgin.
  PUCHA-PAT, Pogostemon patchouli.
  PUCHURY, see Pichurim beans. 
PUCHYRY
0
PULMO
  PUCHYRY, see Pichurim beans.
  PUCKLE, Papula.
  PUDDING-GRASS. Mentha pulegium.
  PUDDING-PIPE TREE, Cassia fistula.
  PUDENDA, Genital organs—p. Yiroruui, Pu-
dibilia.
  PUDEND'AGRA.  A hybrid word; from pu-
denda, (pndere,  'to be  ashamed,')  'the genital
organs,' and the Greek aypa, ' a seizure.'  Accord-
ing to some, this term means pain in the genital
parts : Dolor pudeitdo'rum, Men'tulagra, uEdceo-
thjn'ia;  according  to  others, it is  synonymous
with syphilis.
  Pudendagra  Pruriens, Prurigo pudendi mu-
liebris.
  PUDEN'DAL, Pudenda'lis.  Relating or ap-
pertaining to the pudenda.
  Puden'dal Her'nia.  Hernia, which descends
between  the vagina and  ramus ischii, and  forms
an oblong tumour in the  labium;  traceable in the
pelvis as far as the  os uteri.
  PUDENDALIS, Pudendal.
  Pudendalis   Longus  Inferior,  see Sciatic
nerve  lesser.
  PUDENDUM, FEMALE, Vulva—p. Muliebre,
Vulva,
  PUDENDUS, Pudic.
  PUDIBIL'IA; from pndere, 'to be ashamed.'
The male genital organs; Genita'lia Viri,Virilia,
Pensilia, Instrumen'ta, Puden'da viro'rum,  Pon-
dus.
  PUDIC, Pudi'cns, Puden'dus, (F.)  Honteux.
Same  etymon.  That which  causes shame.  A
name given  to the genital organs as well  as to
different other parts.
  Pudic Arteries  are distributed to the organs
of generation. They are,—1. The internal Pudic,
Arteria  Pudlca,  A. puden'da  commu'nis,  (F.)
Artire honteuse  interne,  A. Sous-pubienne  (Ch.),
Gen'ital  Ar'tery.  It is  furnished by the hypo-
gastric, and divides into two  branches; the one
— the inferior or perineal — which gives off the
inferior hemorrhoidal  and the artery of the sep-
tum ;  the  other — the  superior, (F.)  Ischiopi-
nienne — which  furnishes the  transverse perineal
artery, and divides into two branches; the artery
of the corpus eavernosum, and  the dorsalis penis.
This latter, in the female, has  the name  Dorsa'lis
Clitor'idis.   2. The external Pudic Arteries, (F.)
Arth-es scrotales ou vulvaires (Ch.), A.  honteuses
extemes, which are two  in number.  The one is
superficial Or subcutaneous, and  the other  deep-
seated or subaponeurotic.   They are given  off
from the femoral  artery,  or some one of  its
branches; and  are distributed  to the external
parts of  generation.
  Pudic Nerve, (F.) Nerf honteux ou ischio-pi-
nien ou Ischio-clitorien, is  a branch furnished by
the  sacral plexus, which is  distributed  to the
genital organs; and, especially, to the penis in
man, and the clitoris in the female.
  PU'ERILE, Puerllis,  from  puer, 'a child,'
(F.) Puiril. Appertaining or relating to childhood.
  Respiration puirile ou exagirie ou supptimen-
taire ou  hyjyervesiculaire :—a term applied  to the
respiration when it is heard loud  through the
stethoscope, as in healthy  children.
  PUERILITAS, Dementia of the aged.
  PUERITIA, see Age.
  PUER'PERA, frora jtuer, 'a child,' and parere,
' to  bring forth.'  Tokas, Lochos, Enix'a, Lecho,
a lying-in woman, (F.) Femrne en  Couche, Ac-
conchie.   A  female in child-bed.  One recently
delivered.
  PUER'PERAL,  Puerpera'lis; from puerpera.
Relating to parturition and its consequences.
  Puerperal Convulsions, Eclampsia gravida-
rum et parturientium.
  Pcek'peral  Fever.    Any  fever   occurring
during the puerperal state—Febris puerpera'rum,
Lechop'yra,  l.ochiocaliltie,  Lochiojr'yra,  L„-
chop'yra, Child-bed fever.   Most commonly  re-
stricted to a malignant variety of peritonitis.
  PUERPERIUM, Child-bed state.
  PUERPEROUS, Parturient.
  PUFF, Lycoperdon.
  PUFF, VEILED, see Cavernous respiration.
  PUFF-BALL, Lycoperdon, Leontodon taraxa-
cum.
  PUF'FINESS, from (D.) poffen,  'to blow:'
Infla'tio, Sufila'titr, Tumefac'tio mollis, (F.) Boufi.
fissure, Bonrsoufittre.  A soft intumescence, with-
out redness, which may be partial or general, and
be produced by accumulation of serous fluid, ex-
travasation of blood, effusion of air into the sub-
cutaneous  areolar tissue, &c.  Puffiness  is  most
frequently  seen in the face  and legs;  and some-
times appears around a wound.
  PUGIL'LUS, Drax, Dra'chion, diminutive  of
pugniis, 'the fist.'  Dragrna, Dragmis, (F.) Pin.
cie.   The quantity of any substance, which may
be taken with the ends of two or three fingers.
The eighth part of a handful.
  PUGTEETH, Canine teeth.
  PUISSANCE DU  MOULE INTERIEUR,
Plastic force.
  PUKE, Emetic.
  PUKEWEED, Lobelia inflata.
  PUKING, Vomiting, Regurgitation.
  PULEGIUM, Mentha pulegium—p. Cervinum,
Mentha cervina.
  PULEX IRRI'TANS.   The common flea, (P.)
Puce.   A parasitic insect found on the bodies of
man and animals.
  Pulex Penetrans,  Chique.
  PULICARIA DYSENTERICA, Inula dysen-
terica.
  PULICA'RIS,  Pulicnla'ris,  (F.)  Pttlieaire,
from  pulex, pulicis, 'a gnat.' An epithet given
to cutaneous eruptions resembling gnat-bites; —
and, also,  to diseases  in which such eruptions
occur.
  Pulicaris Herba, Plantago psyllium.
  PULLNA,  PILNA or  BILNA, MINERAL
WATERS  OF.   These well known  bitter Bohe-
mian  springs contain sulphates of soda and mag-
nesia,  and  chloride of magnesium. ,
  PULMO, (pi.) Pulmo'nes;  by transposition  of
the letter  I  from pleumon,  trXtvptav;  Pneumon,
Fleumon,   Spiramen'tum  an'ima,  Ergnete' rimi
spir'itus, Flabellum et ventila'brum cordis, Lights.
The essential organ  of respiration, which is dou-
ble, and occupies the two sides of the chest.  Tho
lungs, which are of a spongy, soft, flexible,  com-
pressible, and dilatable structure, fill exactly the
two cavities of the thorax, and are separated from
each  other by  the mediastinum and  the heart.
The right  lung,  which  is shorter and broader
than the left, is divided, by two  oblique fissures,
into three unequal lobes, Lobi seu Ala jtuhno'num.
The left has only two lobes, and consequently
only one fissure.  At the internal surface of those
organs, which is slightly concave, there is, about
the middle, a pedicle, formed by the bronchia and
pulmonary vessels, and called, by anatomists, the
root ofthe  lungs, (F.) Racine des Poumons.   Es-
sentially, the lungs are composed of prolongation!)
and ramifications of the bronchia, and of the pul-
monary arteries and veins,—the divisions of which
are supported by a fine, areolar tissue.
  When the surface of the lungs is examined in a
clear light, we may see, even through  the pleura,
that their parenchyma is formed by the aggrega-
tion of a multitude of small vesicles, of an irregu-
larly  spheroid  or ovoid shape,  full  of air, and
separated by white and opake septa, constituting
lozenge-shaped spaces, which are called lobules— 
PULMOMETER
1
PULSE
lob'uli  scu  in'sula pulmona'les — and which are
separated by interlobular areolar tissue.  These
lobules  do  not communicate  with each  other.
The vesicles are called Air-cells, Sjtiramen'ta seu
Spirant'ina seu Cell ula Pulmo'num.  Along the
partitions or septa is deposited,  in greater or less
quantity, black pulmonary matter,  (F.) Maticre
piilmonaire noire, as  it has been called,  which
seems  to be  natural.  Sometimes it  is seen  in
points; at  others, in  spots.  The colour of the
lungs varies according to age and other circum-
stances.  In youth, it is more red;  and  after-
wards,  grayish or bluish ;  often, as if  marbled.
The  pleura pulmonalis is their investing  mem-
brane.   The air is carried to the lungs by means
of the  trachea and bronchia.   The black venous
blood,  which  requires oxygenation, is conveyed
to them from the heart, by the pulmonary artery;
ami when it has undergone this change, it is re-
turned to the heart by the pulmonary veins.  The
blood-vessels inservient to the nutrition  of the
lungs are tho bronchial arteries and veins.   The
pulmonary  lymphatics are very numerous.  Some
are superficial; others, deep-seated.   They pass,
for the most part, into the bronchial ganglions or
glands. The nerves are furnished by  the pulmo-
nary plexus.
   PULMOMETER, Spirometer.
   PULMOMETRY, see Spirometer.
   PULMONAIRE, Pulmonaria — p. en Arbre,
Lichen pulmonaria—p. de Chene, Lichen pulmo-
naria— p. des Francois, Hieracium murorum.
   PULMONA'RIA, P. Officina'lis seu Macnla'ta
seu Macula'sa, Lungwort, Spotted Lungwort, Jern'-
snlem Cowslip, Jerusalem Sage, Spotted  Comfirey,
(¥.)  Piilmonaire, Sauge de Jerusalem.  Ord. Bo-
raginacese.   Sex.  Syst.  Pentandria Monogynia,
The  leaves of this plant  have  been used as de-
mulcents and pectorals; partly  from their resem-
blance  to lungs — hence the name, from pulmo,
pulmonis,  'the lung' — and partly because they
have a slightly mucilaginous taste.  The plant is
not worthy of notice.
   Pulmonaria, Pneumonia—p. Arborea, Lichen
pulmonarius — p.  Gallica, Hieracium murorum—
p. Officinalis, Pulmonaria—p. Virginica, Merten-
sia Virginica.
   PUL' MONARY, Pulmona'ris, Pulmona'lis,
from pulmo, pulmonis, 'the lung.'  That which
relates or belongs to the lungs.  A name given
to various parts.
   Pulmonary  Artery,  Arte'ria  pulmona'ris.
 Vena arterio'sa, arises from the upper and left
part of the right ventricle of the heart; whence
it passes obliquely upwards and to the left side;
dividing into  two trunks, opposite the second
dorsal  vertebra — one passing to each lung.   At
its origin, it is furnished  with  three  sigmoid  or
semilunar valves.   It  carries  the  blood to the
lungs for aeration.
   Pulmonary Matter, Black, see Pulmo.
   Pulmonary Plexus, Plexus pulmona'ris.   A
considerable nervous network, situate  behind the
bronchia, which is formed by the filaments of the
pneumogastric nerve or par vagum, and by other
filaments from the inferior cervical ganglion  and
the first thoracic  ganglia.  This plexus forms a
kind of areolar web,  with numerous  meshes of
different sizes, in  which vessels are lodged, sur-
rounded by much  areolar tissue.  This plexus
sends filaments to the bronchia, which they ac-
company to their  extremities.
   Pulmonary Veins,  Vena pnlmona'res,  Arte'-
ria veno'sa.   These arise in the lungs frora the
final  terminations of the  arteries  of the  same
name;  collect in  ramusculi and  rami of greater
and  greater size,  and ultimately unite in  four
trunks; two  of which  issue from  each lung  to
open into the left auricle of the heart.  The pul-
monary veins have  the same  structure as  the
other veins of the body; from which they differ,
in conveying  arterial  blood, as the pulmonary
artery differs from tbe others in conveying venous
blood.   Tbey carry the blood back to  the  heart
after aeration.
  PULMONES  TARTARIZATI,  Lithiasis pul-
monum.
  PULMONIA,  Phthisis pulmonalis, Pneumonia.
  PULMON'IC, Pulrnon'icus, Pneumon'icus. Pul-
mona'rius,  Pneumon'ic, (F.)  Pitlmonique,  Pneti-
monique.   Same etymon as Pulmonary.   One
affected with  phthisis — one labouring under dis-
eases of the  lungs.  Any thing relating or  be-
longing to the lungs.  A medicine for the lungs.
  PULP,  Pulpa, Put pa'men,  Sarx, (F.) Pu/jte,
Pulpolite.  Tbe  soft and parenchymatous  parts
of vegetables  reduced to a paste by the operation
of pulping.  Applied, also, to parts of the human
body, which have the characters of, or resemble a
pulp.
  Pulp of the  Fingers, (F.) Pttljte des doigts.
The fleshy extremity of the fingers.
  Pulp of the Tooth, Dental pulp.
  PULPA CASSL33, see Cassia fistula —p. Den-
tis, Dental pulp—p.  Pili, see Hair—p. Pruni, see
Pruni pulpa — p. Prunorum sylvestrium condita,
Conserva  pruni   sylvestris — p.  Tamarindi,  see
Tamarindi pulpa.
  Pulpa  Testis, Paren'chyma testis.  The pa-
renchyma of  the testis.
  PULPAMEN, Pulp.
  PULPATION, Pulping.
  PULPE, Pulp—p. Cerebrate, see Cerebrum—
p. Dentaire, Dental pulp—p. des Doigts, Pulp of
the fingers.
  PULPEUX, Pulpy.
  PULPEZIA, Apoplexy.
  PULPING, Pulpa'tion, Pulpa'tio.   An opera-
tion— the  object of which  is to reduce  certain
vegetable  substances to a pulp.   For  this pur-
pose, they are  bruised in a mortar,  and  then
passed  through  a hair  sieve,  by  the  aid  of a
wooden spatula,  called  a Pulper, (F.) Puljjoire.
  PULPOIRE,  see  Pulping.
  PULPOLITE, Pulp.
  PULPY, Puljto'sus,  (F.) Pulpeux.   Full of
pulp.
  PULQUE,  see Agave Americana.
  PULS EX  OVIS  et  LACTE, Oogala.
  PULSATIF, Throbbing.
  PULSATILLA NIGRICANS, Anemone pra-
tensis— p.  Patens, Anemone patens — p. Praten-
sis, Anemone pratensis — p. Vulgaris,  Anemone
Pulsatilla.
  PULSATILLE NOIRE, Anemone  pratensis
—p. des Pris, Anemone  pratensis.
  PULSATIO, Pulsation—p. Cordis, Palpitation.
  PULSA'TION, Pulsa'tio, Sphygmos, Sjdtt/xis,
Pede'sis, Pedetllmos, (F.) Battement.  The  beat-
ing of  the heart  and arteries.  Also, the beating
felt in an inflamed part.
  PULSATIVUS, Throbbing.
  PULSATORY, Throbbing.
  PULSE, from  pitlso, 'I beat;' Pulsus, Pulsa'-
tio, Pulsus seu Ictus cordis et arteria'rum, Incnr'-
sus arteria'rum, Sjthygmos, Spliygrna, Diasphyx''is,
(F.) Pauls.  Beating of the arteries, produced by
the afflux of the  blood  propelled by the heart in
its  contractions.   For  the  sake of convenience,
we  choose the radial artery at the wrist to detect
the precise character of tbe pulse.  These cha-
racters  relate to the number of pulsations in a 
PULSE
PULSE
given time; to their degrees of quickness; hard-
ness and strength ; to the equality or inequality
either  of the pulsations  themselves  or of their
intervals; to the development or fulness  of the
artery, and  to  the  different impressions it may
produce on the finger.
  The following estimates have been made of tho
pulse at various ages :
In the embryo
At birth.........,
One month......
One year.........
Two years.......
Three years......
Seven years.....
Twelve years...
Puberty..........
Adult age.......,
Old age...........
Number of Beats per minute, according to
Heberden.	SUMMERING.
	
130 to 140	
120 120 to 108 108 to 90 90 to 80 72	120 110 90
70	80 70 60
	
	
MlJLLER.
   ISO
   Do.

115 to 130
100 to 11 fi
 90 to 100
 85 to 90

 80 to 85
 70 to 75
 50 to 65
  It does not appear that  the  pulse of the aged
is less frequent, but the contrary.   In general it
is more frequent in females and in irritable per-
sons, than in males and those of an opposite tem-
perament.  In the healthy state,  the pulse, be-
sides having the proper number of pulsations, is
neither hard nor unusually soft; it is moderately
developed ; of a medium strength ; and perfectly
equal, both as regards the pulsations and  their
intervals.  In diseases it wanders, more or less,
from  these physiological conditions.   The diffe-
rent characters  of the pulse that  have been  re-
corded, are remarkably numerous.   In a diction-
ary, it is necessary to detail them, although many
of them are not now regarded, and some are ri-
diculous.
  Pulse, Ardent, Pulsus  ardens,  (F.) Pouts ar-
dent, Pouts Here.  One which seems to raise itself
to a point in order to strike the finger.
  Pulse, Cap'rizant, Pulsus Capri'zans seu dor-
cadis'sans seu guzellarts seu fusa'lis,  Goatleap
pulse, (F.) Pouls cajtrisant.  One which seems to
leap,  as it were;  an  imperfect dilatation of the
artery being succeeded by  a fuller  and a stronger
one.
  Pulse,  Complex, (F.) Pouls combing ou com-
posi, P. comp/ique.  A pulse which has the cha-
racter of several critical pulses  united.
  Pulse,  Contract'ed,  (F.) Pouts serri ou con-
centri.   One whose pulsations  are narrow, deep,
and slightly hard.
  Pulse, Convul'sive, Pulsus convulsi'vus, (F.)
Fouls  convulsif.   That which  is  unequally  fre-
quent  or unequally hard ;  in short, which resem-
bles the irregular pulsations of a muscular fibre
in a state of convulsion.
  Pulse,  Crit'ical,  Pulsus crilicus.  A pulse
which, after having possessed  the  characters of
irritation, becomes free, open, soft, &c.
  Pulse, Decurtate, Pulsus myurus:  see, also,
Myurus.
  Pulse,  Deep, Pulsus profiun'elus,  (F.)  Pouls
profond.   One which cannot be felt without diffi-
culty,  and without strong pressure by the finger.
  Pulse, Defic"ient, Pulsus defic"iens seu an'-
nnens  et circum'miens, P.  Flickering, (F.) Pouls
difaillant, P. insensible.  One which seems, every
instant about to cease.
  Pulse,  Depressed,  Pulsus depressus, (F.)
Pouls diprimi.  That which is  deep and weak.
  Pulse,  Devel'oped,  (F.)  Pouls diveloppi.
That which is broad, full, strong, and frequent.
  Pulse, Dicrot'ic, Pulsus Dicrotus seu bi'cro-
tus  seu intestina'lis seu  bife'riens seu mallea'ris
seu  interci'sus seu duplex, (F.) Pouls dicrote ou re-
bonttissant ou redoubli.  That in which the finder
is struck twice at each pulsation; once lightly,
the other time more strongly.
   Pulse,  Equal,  Pulsus  aqua'lis.   That in
which the  pulsations  resemble each other,  and
return at equal intervals.
   Pulse, Febrile, Pulsus fiebri'lis.  One very
frequent.
   Pulse, Feeble, P. Weak, Pulsus deb'ilis,  (F.)
Pouls faible.  One which strikes the finger feebly.
   Pulse, Fil'iform, P. thready.   One which re-
sembles a thread slightly vibrating.
   Pulse, Flickering, Pulse, deficient.
   Pulse, Foiim'icant, Pulsus formlcans,  (F.)
Pouls formicant.   One which resembles, by being
small and scarcely perceptible, the motion of an
ant.
   Pulse, Frequent, (F.) Pouts agiti ou pricipiti.
One which  strikes more frequently than usual in
a given time.
   Pulse, Full, Pulsus plemts, (F.) Fouls  plein.
One which  gives the notion of great repletion in
the vessel.
   Pulse, Goat-leap, P. Caprizant.
   Pulse,  Gut'tural, Pulsus guttura'lis,  (F.)
Pouls  guttural.   A pulse  which has been sup-
posed  to indicate  the termination of affections
of the throat.
   Pulse, Hard, Pulsus durus, (F.)  Pouls dur.
That  in  which the  pulp of  the finger seems to
yield  to the pulsation.
   Pulse, Hectic,  Pulsus  hec'ticus.  The  weak,
frequent pulse observed in  hectic fever.
   Pulse, Hemorrhoid'al,  (F.) Pouls des  Ili-
morrhtiides.   A critical  pulse, announcing  the
appearance  of the hemorrhoidal flux.  It  is de-
scribed as  unequal; —the  pulsations not  being
alike in force, and still less the intervals.
   Pulse, Hepat'ic, (F.) Pouls  dn Foie.  A pulse
imagined to indicate affections  of the liver.  It is
not worthy of description.
   Pulse, Infe'rior, (F.) Pouls infirienr ou ab-
dominal ou ventral.  One supposed to announce
evacuations below the diaphragm.
   Pulse, Intercurrent,   Pulsus  inter cur'reus
seu interci'dens.   One  in  which  a superfluous
pulsation seems to occur from time  to time.
   Pulse, Intermittent, (F.) Pauls intercadent.
One in which the pulsations fail  from time to
time.   •'
   Pulse, Intes'tinal, (F.) Pouls des intestins,
P. de  la diarrhie.   A critical pulse, presumed to
announce an evacuation by the intestines.
  Pulse,  In'tricate,  Pulsus  intrica'tns,  (F.)
Pouls  embarrossie.  That which is but little de-
veloped and unequally slow.
  Pulse, Irreg'ular, Pulsus anorma'lis.   One 
PULSE                 "73                 PULSUS
whose  pulsations are unequal, and return at un- |l
equal intervals.                                 I
  PULSE OF  IiiRITA'tion,  Pulsus ab irritatio'ne
sen nervi'mts  seu  acrit'icus.  One which is fre- I
qucnt, hard, and contracted.
   Pulse,  Jarring,  P. vibrating — p.  Jerking,
Pulse, sharp.
   Pulse,  Languid, (F.) Pouls  languissant.  A
slow and feeble pulse.                           I
   Pulse,  Large, Pulsus  crassus  seu magnus,
 (¥.) Pauls grand, P. large.  That which is large
 and full.
   Pulse, Long.  One which strikes the finger to
 a great extent in length.
   Pulse,  Low, Pulsus hu'milis,  (V.) Pouls has.
 One in which the pulsations are scarcely percep-
 tible.
   Pulse,  Nasal, (F.) Fouls nasal ou capital
 ou du Nez.  One supposed to announce the end
 of an irritation in the nasal fossae.
   Pulse,  Nat'ural,   (F.)  Fouls  naturel  des
 aditltes ou jut r fait  ou des  adultes ou modiri.
 One that  is  equal and regular in strength and
 frequency; compressible, and devoid of hardness.
   Pulse, Organ'ic, (F.)  Pauls organique.  One
 which indicates  the affected organ, or the organ
 by  which  an evacuation will take place.
   Pulse, Pec'toral,  (F.) Pauls de Vexpectora-
  tion.   A critical  pulse, announcing the  termina-
  tion of some pulmonary irritation.
    Pulse,  Quick.   One  which  strikes sharply,
  but not forcibly, against the finger.
    Pulse, Reg'ular,  Pulsus norma'lis seu regu-
  la'ris.  One whose pulsations are equal, and suc-
  ceed each other at equal intervals.
    Pulse, Resist'ing, (F.) Pouls resistant.  One
  a little tense, a little hard.
    Pulse, Sharp, (F.) Pouts prompt  ou vite  ou
  t-i'/".  One which  strikes  the finger sharply,  ra-
  pidly.  When to a greater extent, it  is called a
  jerking jrulse.
    Pulse, Sharp-tailed,  Pulsus  myurus:  see
  Myurus.
    Pulse, Simple, Pulsus  simplex.   A critical
  pulse,  indicating an  evacuation  by  one organ
  only.
    Pulse, Slow,  Pulsus tardus seu  rams, (F.)
  Pouls lent ou tardif ou rare.  One which  strikes
  tbe finger slowly.
    Pulse, Small, Pulsus parvus, (¥.)  Pouls petit.
   One whose pulsations are slender and weak.
    Pulse, Soft,  Pulsus  mollis, (F.)  Pauls mou.
   One which yields under the finger.
    Pulse, Stom'achal,  (F.) Pauls stomacal ou
   de Vestomac.  One supposed to announce an eva-
   cuation by the stomach.
     Pulse, Strong, Pulsus fortis, (F.) Pouls fort,
   P.  vihiment.   One  which  strikes  the  finger
   Strongly.
     Pulse, Supe'rior. Pulsus Superior, (F.) Pouls
   tupirieiir.   A critical pulse, supervening on irri-
   tation of organs situate above the diaphragm.
     Pulse, Supple, Pulsus  elas'ticus, (F.) Pouls
   simple. One in which the pulsations have strength
   without  hardness.
     Pulse of Sweat, Pulsus Sudora'lis, (F.) Pouls
   Sudoral  ou de la stteur.   A critical  pulse, indi-
   cating an approaching perspiration.
     Pulse, Tense, P.  Cm-dy. Pulsus tensits,  (F.)
   Pauls tendu, P. roide.  One in which the artery
   resembb-s a cord fixed  nt  its two  extremities.
   When resembling a wire, it is called wiry.
     Pulse, Thready, P. filiform.
     Pulse,  Trem'ulous,  Pulsus  trem'ulus,  (¥.)
  Fouls tremblant on  palpitant.  Ono  in  which
  each pulsation oscillates.
    Pl-ISK Us'Dl'LATING,  PlllsllS  flllCttlo'silS   SCU
  fiuens seu inci'dens Sola'ni, (F.) Fouls ondulant 1,
ou ondoyant.  One which resembles, in its move-
ments, those of the waves.
  Pulse,  Unk'qual,  Pulsus  inaqua'lis,  (F.)
Pouls  inigal.   One whose  pulsations  are  not
alike, or return at unequal intervals.
  Pi LSE, U'RINAL, Pulsus ttrina'lis,  (¥.) Pouls
de V Urine.   A critical pulse, fancied to denote
an approaching evacuation of urine.
  PULSE, U'terine, Pulsus  uterinus, (¥.) Pouls
 Utirine ou  de la Matrice ou des Rigles.   One
which indicates the flow of the menses, or the
occurrence of metrorrhagia.
  Pulse,  Vag"inal,  Pulsus  vagina'lis.   The
pulsation of the arteria vaginalis, which  is in-
creased in pregnancy, during abortion, labour, &c.
  Pulse, Venous, Pulsus venarum.
  Pulse,  Vermic'ular.  That which  imitates
 the movement of a worm.
   Pulse,  Vi'brating, Jarring Pulse.  One in
 which the artery seems to vibrate like a musical
 string.
   Pulse, Wiry, see Pulse, tense.
   PULSELESS, Asphyc'tos, Devoid of pulsation.
   PULSELESSNESS', Asphyxia.
   PULSEY,  Cataplasm.
   PULSIF'IC, Pulsif'icus; from pulsus, 'pulse.'
 That which causes or  excites pulsation.
   PULSILE'GIUM,  Pulsilo'gium, Pulsim'eter,
 from  pulsus, 'the  pulse,'  and lego,  'I read.'
 Sjthyg mole'gi urn, Sphygmom'cter, Sphygmoscop'-
 iutn.   Any instrument for measuring the quick-
 ness or force of the pulse.
   PULSIMANTI'A,  from  pulsus, and  uavreta,
 ' divination.'  Tbe art of predicting or prognosti-
 cating bv the pulse.
   PULSIMETER, Pulsilegium.
   PULSUS, Pulse—p. Acriticus, Pulse  of irrita-
 tion— p. yEqualis, Pulse, equal — p. Annuens et
 circumnuens, Pulse,   deficient — p.  Anorraalis,
 Pulse, irregular—p. Bicrotus, Pulse, dicrotic—p.
 Biferiens, P. dicrotic — p. Caprizans,  Pulse, ca-
 prizant—p. Cordis, see Heart—p. Crassus, Pulse,
 large — p. Debilis, Pulse,  feeble — p. Deficiens,
  Pulse, deficient—p. Dicrotus,  Pulse, dicrotic—p.
  Dorcadissans, Pulse, caprizant—p. Duplex. Pulse,
  dicrotic — p. Durus,  Pulse, hard — p.  Elasticus,
  Pulse, supple—p. Fluctuosus, Pulse, undulating—
  p. Fiuens, Pulse, undulating—p. Formicans, For-
  micant, and Pulse, formicant — p. Fortis, Pulse,
  strong — p. Fusalis, Pulse,  caprizant — p. Gazel-
  lans, Pulse, caprizant-*- p. Heterochronicus, see
  Heterochronicus—p  Humilis,  Pulse, low—p. In-
  cidens Solani, Pulse, undulating—p. Intercidens,
  Pulse, intercurrent—p. Mallearis, Pulse, dicrotic
  —p. Intercisus, Pulse, dicrotic — p. Intercurrens,
  Pulse, intercurrent—p. Intestinalis,  Pulse, dicro-
  tic— p. Intricatus, Pulse, intricate — p. Magnus,
  Pulse, large — p. Mollis, Pulse, soft.
    Pulsus Myu'rus, Pulse decurtate  or sharp-
  tailetl, (¥.)  Pouls myure.  One  which goes on
  diminishing.  See Myurus.
    Pulsus Nervinus, Pulse of irritation—p. Nor-
  malis, Pulse, regular —p. Parvus, Pulse, small—
  p. Plenus, Pulse, full —p. Rams, Pulse, slow.
    PUL'SUS  SerRI'nus, (F.) Pouls serrin OU ser-
  rattle.  One which strikes, sometimes strongly,
  at others feebly, and recalls the idea of a saw.
    Pulsus  Striatus, (F.) Pouls (trait.   One that
  strikes the finger to  a small extent in breadth.
    Pulsus Sudoralis, Pulse of sweat—p. Tardus,
  Pulse, slow — p. Urinalis, Pulse, urinal — p. Ute-
  rinus,  Pulse, uterine.
    Pulsus Vac'uus,  (F.) Pouls vide.   One which
  gives the idea of emptiness of the artery.
    Pulsus Vaginalis, Pulse, vaginal.
    Pulsus Vena'rum, Venous Pulse, Phlebopa'lia.
  A pulsation occasionally noticed in the jugular
  veins.  It is owing  to  some of the blood of the
  right ventricle reflowing  into the right auricle, 
PULTACEOUS             774                PULVIS
and  communicating  an impulse to the venous
blood arriving in the auricle through the descend-
ing cava.  It is often a sign of impediment to the
flow of blood along the  pulmonary artery.
  PULTA'CEOUS, Pulta'ceus, (¥.) Pnltaci, from
puis, jtultis, 'pap,'  or  from  pultare, pultus, 'to
bent.'   Resembling pap.  Having  a  softened,
semifluid appearance.
  PULTATIO, Atheroma.
  PULTISE, Cataplasm.
  PULTICULA, Bonillie.
  PULVERES EFFERVESCENTES, Powders,
soda.
  PULVERI'ZABLE, Pulverable.   From pulvis,
put veris,  ' dust.'   Capable1 of being reduced to
powder.
  PULVERIZA'TION, Pnlverisa'tio,  Pulvera'-
tio,  Coniosto'sis, (F.) Pulvirisation.  The opera-
tion of  dividing substances, so as to reduce them
to powder.
  Most drugs are  reduced to powder by persons
who make it a  special business, and who are
called drug grinders.   This  is done on a large
scale in drug mills ; and the implements used are
the grinding mill and the  stamping mill.  In the
shop of the apothecary, pulverization  is effected
by the  pestle and mortar, and the sieve.
   Where substances require the addition of other
 bodies  to facilitate their reduction  to powder,—
 as  where camphor needs a few drops of alcohol—
 the process is called pulverization by mediation.
   PULVE ROLES, see Pulvis.
   PULVER'ULENT,  Pulverulen'tus; from pul-
vis, pulvcris, ' dust.'  Reduced to the state of a fine
 powder.  Covered, as it were, with dust.  An epi-
 thet applied to the eyes when they  appear dirty,
 and, as it were, sprinkled with dust, by reason of
 granulations or grayish  striae, resulting from
 thickening of the mucous fluid of the conjunctiva.
 — Nvsten.
   PULVILLUS, Pad, Bonrdonnet— p.  e Lina-
 mentis  confectus,  Bonrdonnet — p.  Rotundus,
 Bonrdonnet.
   PULVI'NAR, Pulvina'rinm.  A  pillow.
   Pulvinar Humuli, see Humulus  lupulus.
   Piilvinar Medica'tiim seu Medicina'le, Sac'-
 culus medicina'lis.  A  medicated  pillow;  as of
 hops.
    Pulvinar Parvum,  Pad — p. Ventriculi,  Pan-
 creas.
    PULVIS, Corn's, Powder, (¥.) Poudre.  A sub-
 stance, reduced into small particles by pulveriza-
 tion.  Simple powders are those of a single sub-
 stance ; compound, those which result from a mix-
 ture of several different powders.  An impalpable
 jtowder is one which is so fine that it can scarcely
 be  felt under  the finger.  Compound powders
 have been  called  Species, (F.) Especes, E. pul-
 virnlentes, Pulvirolis.
    Pulvis  Absorbens,  P. de magnesia compos.—
 p.  Adspersorius, Catapasma—p. Alexiterius,  P.
 contrayerva? comp. — p. Alexiterius,  P. ipecacu-
 anha compositus—p.  Algarothi, Algaroth.
    Pulvis   Aloes  Compos'itus,  P.  Aloes cum
  Gualaco,  P. aloet'icus cum  Gnaiaco, Compound
  powder  of Aloes.   (Aloes,  ^iss, guaiac. res. 3j,
  pulv.  cinnam. comp. ^ss.   Rub  the aloes and
 guaiacum separately, then mix the whole.  Ph. L.)
  Cathartic, stomachic, and sudorific.  Dose. er. x
      .)■
    Pulvis  Aloes  cum  Canel'la,  P. aloes et ca-
 nella, (Ph. U.  S.), P.  Aloeltens, Powder of Aloes
 with Canella, Species Hiera picra. Hiera picra,
 vulg. Hi'kry pi'kry, Picra, and  Plkry.   (Aloes
 tbj, canell. ,:§iij.   Rub separately into a powder,
 and mix.  Ph. U. S.)   A warm cathartic.   Dose,
 gr. x to  9j.
    Pulvis  Aloes  cum  Guaiaco, P.  A. composi-
 tus—p. Aloeticus, P. aloes cum canella—p. Alo-
cticus, Hiera picra — p. Aluininosus, P. sulphatis
alumina) compositus—p. Aluminis compositus, P.
sulphatis aluminm compositus—p. Aluminis kino-
satus. see P. sulphatis aluminae compositus.
  Pulvis de  Ama'ris  Compos'itus,  P. antiar-
thrit'icus  ama'rus,  (F.)  Poudre antiarthritique
amh-e.  (Gentian.,  aristoloch. rotund.,  an  p.  3,
fior.  centaur,  min. p. 4, fiol.  chamadr., chama-
pith. manipul.—f. pulvis, Ph. P.)   In  gouty af-
fections, dyspepsia, <fcc.  Dose, gr.  xx.
  Pulvis Ancelicus, Algaroth — p. Anodynus,
P. ipecacuanhas comp. — p. Antiacidus, P. crcliu
compositus — p.  Antiacidus,  P.  de  magnesia
compos. —p. Antiartbriticus amarus, P. de miia-
ris compositus—p. Antiarthriticus purgans, P. de
senna, scammonea  et lignis—p. Antiasthuialicns,
P. de sulphure et scilla.
  PULVIS A.NTILYS'srs, Mead's powder against
the bite of a mad dog. It consisted of ash-colour, tl
liverwort in powder, with an equal quantity  of
black pejrjter;  a  drachm  and a half of-the two
forming a dose for an adult.
  Pulvis Antimonialis, Antimonial powder.
  Pulvis de Aro Compos'itus, Compound Pow-
der of Arum,  (¥.)  Poudre. de Birckmann, (Rail.
ari,  acori veri, jrimpiue/l. saxifrag.  aa 40 p., nail.
cancror. ppt. 12 p., cinnam. 7 p., potassa suljih.
6 p., ammonia muriat. 2 p. — f. pulv.   Ph. P.)
Sternutatory.
   Pulvis Aromaticus, P. cinnamomi composi-
tus.
   Pulvis As'ari  Compos'itus, P. stemntato'.
rius  seu  errhi'nns seu capita'lis Sancti An'geli
seu  cephal'icus, Cephal'ic snuff, Com/round pow-
der  of Asarabac'ca, (¥.) Poudre d'asarum  cuiii-
 jrosie dite sternutatoire, P. de Saint-Ange. (Astir.
Europ.  p. 3,   origan,  majorana,  lavund.,  sing.
p. 1.  Rub into powder.  Ph. L.)   Sternutatory.
   Pulvis Auri, see  Gold—p.  e Bolo  composi-
tus  cum  opio, P. cretae compositus cum opio —
p. e Bolo  compositus sine opio,  see  P.  cretin
compositus — p.  Cambogiae  compositus,  P. e.
gummi gutta—p. Capitalis Sancti Angeli, Pulvis
asari compositus — p. Carbonatis calcis composi-
 tus, P. cretae  compositus — p. Cardiacus, P. con-
 trayervae comp.—p. Carthusianorum, Antimonii
 sulphuretum rubrum.
   Pulvis  Cat'echu   Compos'itus,   Compound
 Powder of Catechu. (Catechu, kino, aa .^ij; cin-
 nam., myrist., aa 5,ss.)  Dose,  as  an  astringent,
 gr. xv to xxx.
   Pulvis Catiiarticus,  P. scammoneae comp.—
 p. Cephalicus, P. asari compositus.
   Pulvis  Cinnamo'mi  Compos'itus,  Compound
 Powder of Cin'namon, Pulvis seu  Spe'cies Irn/ie-
 rato'ris,  Pulvis aromat'icus (Ph. U. S.), P. vita
 Imperato'ris  seu Diaro'maton, Species diacimni-
 mo'mi seu latifican'tes Rhazis seu  Diam'bra sine
 odora'tis seu  aromat'ica, Trtt'gea aromat'icu,
 Aromatic jtowder,  (¥.) Poudre  de canelle comjin-
 sie  ou aromatique.  (Cinnam., zingib. aa.^ij, car-
 dam., myrist. aa ^j.  Rub to a fine powder. Ph.
  U. S.)   Stimulant and carminative.   Dose, gr. x
 to 9j.
   Pulvis Cobbii  seu Tunquinen'sis. The fa-
 mous  Tonquin powder, introduced into England
 by a Mr. Cobb.   It was composed of 16 grains
 of musk, and 48  grains of  cinnabar ; and was
 mixed in a gill of arrack.   It was formerly re-
 garded as a specific in hydrophobia.
   Pulvis  Comitis Warwicensis, P.  Cornachini
  —p. Comitissae, Cinchona.
   Pulvis Contrayer'v.e Compos'itus, P. cardi'-
  acus seu alexite'rins seu Mantua'nus, Lajrl* con-
  trayerva,  Contrayerva balls.  Compound Pmcder
  of  Contrayer'va.   (Contrayerv. contrit. %v, test.
  prap. Ibiss.   Mix.   Ph.  L.)   Stimulant and
  sudorific.  Dose, gr.  xv to sjss.
li    Pulvis Cornachi'ni, P.  Ox'ydi Stib'ii com- 
PULVIS
775
PULVIS
 pos'itus seu Com'itis Wttru-icen'sls sen de Tribits
 SeU   Setinimo'nii  ant imoniil lis,  Uiaeeltntes'son
 Paracelsi, Earl of  Warwick's Powder, Cer'berus
 Triceps, (F.) Poudre Cornachine.   (Scummon.,
 potass, su/tertaet., anti,,,. diapli. aa p. 83. f. pulvis,
 Ph. /'.) Cathartic.   Used  chiefly in  cutaneous
 diseases.  Dose, 3SS to gj.
   Pui.VUS  Cornu  UstiVim O'pio, P. opia'tus,
 Ponder of Burnt  Hartshorn  with,  opium, (¥.)
 Poudre de  come brulie avec /'opium.  (Opii duri
 cont. 3,j. corn.  nst. prap.  tHj,  coceor.  cont. ^j.
 Mix.  Ph.  L.) Ten grains contain one of opium.
 Anodyne.
   Pulvis Cretaceus, P. cretae compositus.
   Pulvis  Crktjs   Compos'itus,  P. Cnrbona'tis
 Calcis  compositus seu creta'ceus sen  antac"idus
 ecu terrcs'tris, Spe'cies e Scor'dio sine opio, S. Dia-
 cre'ta, Compound Powder  of Chalk, Diosrord'-
 iitm ,- (with Bole Armeniac in place of chalk—the
 Pulvis e Bolo compositus sine ojritr;)  (¥.) Poudre
 de craie composie.  (Creta jrpt.  Ibss, cinnam. 3 i v,
 tnrmrntill.,   acacia,  sing.  3iij, pip. long. £iv.
 Reduce separately  to a fine  powder,  and mix.
 Ph L.)  Antacid,  stomachic, absorbent.   Dose,
 gr.  xx toQij.
   Pulvis Chet,e Compos'itus  cum  O'pio, Com-
 pound Powder  of Chalk with  opium, P. e Cretd
 compositus  cunt  opio; (with Bole  Armeniac  in-
 stead of chalk — P.  e Bob, compositus cum opio;)
 Species e Scordio cum opio, (¥.) Poudre de craie
 composee avec lopium.  (Pulv. cret. e. ,5,vjss, opii
 duri cont.  Qiv.   Mix.   Ph. L.)  Contains  one
 grain of opium in 40.  Anodyne and absorbent.
 B"se, 9j to Qij.
   Pulvis Diaphoreticus, P. ipecacuanhas comp.
 —p. Diapnoicus, P. ipecacuanhas comp.—p. Dia-
 roinaton, P. cinnamomi compositus—p. Diasenas,
 P. senna; compos.—p. Diaturpethi compositus, P.
 jalapa? compositus.
   Pulvis Ducis Portlan'dias, Duke of  Port-
 land's Gout Powder, (¥.) Poudre du Due de Port-
 land ou de  la Mirandole.  (Rail, aristoloch., gen-
 tiana,  summit, chamadr., centaur, min. aa p. ae.)
 Dose, %** to t^j.
   Pulvis Emmenagogus, P. myrrhae compositus
 — p.  Epilepticus Marchionum, P. dc magnesia.
 compositus — p.  Errhinus, P. asari compositus—
 p. Galactopceus,  P. de magnesia compos.
   Pulvis e Gummi Gutta,  P. Cambo'gia compo-
 situs seu hydrago'gus, Camboge Powder. (F.) Pou-
 dre hydragogue ou de gomme gntte  ou de  Querce-
 ta'ntts.  (Rad. jalap, 24  p., rad. mechoacan. 12
 p., cinnam., rhei. aa 8 p., gum.  cambog. 3  p., fiol.
 soldanella sice. 6 p., semin. anisi 12 p., fiat  pulvis.
 Ph. P.)  A drastic  cathartic.   In  anasarca and
 in worms.  Dose, gr. xv to xxx.
   Pulvis Gimmo'sus Alkali'  us, Sapo vegeta'-
 bi/is, (V.)  Poudre   de  saron vigital.  (Guaiac.
 pulv. ,!2 p., potass, carb. 4 p.  Make into a pow-
 der.  Ph. p.)  Antacid.
   Pulvis ex Helminthocort'o Compos'itus, P.
 verm if it gits absque mercu'rio, (¥.) Poudre vermi-
 fuge sans  mercure.  (Euc.  helminthocort.,  sem.
 contra.,  summitat. absinth., tanaceti, fiol. scordii,
 senna, rhei. aa p. ae, fiat pulvis.   Ph. P.)   Lose,

   Pulvis Hydragogus, P. e gummi  gutta — p.
 Hydrargyri  cinereus, see  Hydrargyri  oxydum
 cinereum — p. Hypnoticus, Hydrargyri sulphu-
 retum nigrum — p. Imperatoris,  P. cinnamomi
 compositus—ji. Tncisivus, P. de sulphure et scilla
 —p. Pro infantibus,  P. de magnesia compos—p.
 Infantum, P. dc magnesia compos.—p. Infantum
 lintacidus. P. de magnesia compositus.
   Pulvis Ipecacitan'ii.k Compos'itus, P.alexi-
 te'rins seu anod'ymts seu diaphoret'icus sendiap-
110'iens seu sudorif icus Dore'vi seu Ipecacuanha
et  Opii (Ph.  U. S.), Compound Powder of Ipecac- I
uanha, Dover's Powder, (¥.) Poudre de Dover ou !
 d'ipecacuanha et d'opium ou de Dower.   (Ijreca-
 cuanh. jiiilc, opii pulv.,  sing £j, jtotassa suljrhat.
 ^j.   Mix.  Diaphoretic.  Dose, gr. v to gr. xij.
   Pulvis Ipecacuanha etOpii, P. ipecacuanhae
 compositus.
   Pulvis Jalap'jE Compos'itus, P. Diaturpe'thi
 compositus seu laxans seu purgans seu taxati'vus
 vegetab'ilis seu laxans cum sale sen Jalajl a sail-
 nus  seu  Jalajt'a tartar'icus, Sjtecies Diajalajra,
 Compound Powder ofi Jalap, {¥.) Poudre de jalap
 composie.  (Pulv. jalap. %^j, potass,  bitart.  Sjij.
 Mix.)  Cathartic.  Dose, J}j to gij.
   Pulvis Jalapje Sai.inus, P. jalapse composi-
 tus— p. Jalapa? tartaricus, P. jalapa? compositus
 — p.  de Jalapa et  scammonio compositus, P.
 scammoneae comp.—p. Jamesii, Antimonial pow-
 der—p. Jesuiticus,  Cinchona—p. Joannis de Vigo,
 Hydrargyri nitrico-oxydum.
   Pulvis Kino Compos'itus, Compound Powder
 of kino,  (¥.) Poudre  de  kino  cornptosie,   (Kino
 3-xv, cinnam. :51V, opii  duri t^j.  Rub each to
 powder,  and mix.  Ph.  L.)  Astringent.  Dose,
 gr. v to  xx.
   Pulvis Laxans, P.  jalapa? compositus — p.
 Laxans cum sale, P. jalapa? compositus—p. Lax-
 ativus vegetabilis,  P. jalapa? compositus.
   Pulvis de  Magne'sia Compos'itus, P. Galac-
 topce'us SCU Niitrlcum seu Infan'tum seu Infan-
 tum antac"idus seu pro  Infan'tibus seu antiac"-
 idus seu ahsor'bens seu epilejt'ticus  Marchio'uum,
 Compound Powder of Magne'sia,  (F.) Poudre ab-
 sorbante  et anti-acide.  (Magnesia, sacchar.  5,3
 p. fe.  Mix.   Ph.  P.)
   Pulvis Mantuanus, P. contrayerva? comp.—
 p. Marchionis, Marehionis Pulvis—p. Mercurialis
 cinereus, Hydrargyri  oxidum  cinereum—p. ad
 Mucum pulmonalem liberius eiendum, P. de sul-
 phure et scilla.
  Pulvis Myrrhs  Compos'itus, P.  e  Myrr-hd
 compositus seu ad ul'cera  tend'inum seu emmen-
 agogus,  Comjxrund Myrrh Pointer, (¥.) Poudre
 Balsamique.  (Myrrha, sabina, ruta, castor. Russ.
 aa 3,j.)   A stimulant, antispasmodic, and emme-
 nagngue.  Dose,  gr. xv.  to xl.
  Pulvis Nutricum, P.  de magnesia compositus
 —p. Opiatus,  P.  cornu usti cum opio — p.  Oxydi
 stibii compositus, P. cornachini — p. ad Partura,
 Ergot — p. Parturiens, Ergot—p.  de  Phosphate
 calcis et stibii compositus, Antimonial powder —
 p. Principis, Hydrargyri nitrico-oxydum—p. Pur-
 guns,  P. jalapa? compositus—p.  Quercctauus,
 Hydrargyri submurias.
  Pulvis Quercus MarPn^e, Powder of Yellow
 Bladder- Wrack.    (The   wrack in  fruit,  dried,
 cleaned,  exposed  to a red heat in a crucible with
 a perforated  lid, and then reduced to powder.
 Ph.  D.)  Virtues dependent on iodine :  used, con-
 sequently, in bronchocele, <fcc.  Dose, gr. x to xl.
 See  Fucus vesiculosus.
  Pulvis Rhei Compos'itus, Compound Powder
 of Rhubarb. (Magnes. Ibj, zingib. pulv. ^ij, rhei
 pulv. 5iv. M.  Ph.  E.) An antacid and laxative.
 Dose, g.i to 9'j-
  Pulvis Sali'nus Compos'itus, Comjtound Sa-
 line  Powder.   (Sotlii chlorid., magnesia suljihat.,
 ail .^iv, potas. sulphat. 3iij. /'/(. E.  Dose, as  an
 aperient, two or three drachms dissolved in water.
  Pulvis Scammo'nea: Compos'itus, P.e Scam-
 monio compositus  seu Scammonii seu de Jalajrd et
 Scammo'nio compositus dictUS  Cathar'ticus, Corn-
 jround Potrtler ofi Sea in many, (¥.) Poudre cathar-
 tique OU Poudre de  Scamrnouee ciujiosee.  (Scam-
 mon., ext. jalap, dur., sing.,5ij, zingib. ^ss. Rub
 separately to powder, and  mix. Ph. L.)  Cathar-
 tic.   Dose, gr. viij  to gr. xv.
  Pulvis Scammo'nii cum Aloe. P. e Scammonio
 cum  Aloe, Scammony and Aloes Powder.  (Scarn-
 mon. 5vj> ext. jalap, dur., aloes Soeotr. aSL 5'ss>
zing. 53S0  Cathartic.   Dose, gr. x to xv. 
PUMEX
77(1
PUPIL
  Pulvis Scammomi  Antimonialis, P.  corna- I1
chini.
  Pulvis Senna?  Compos'itus, P. e Senna com-
positus seu e  Send  compositus  seu Diasc'na, I
Compound Powder of Senna,  (¥.) Poudre de sini II
composie. J Senna, potas.  sitjtertart., sing., ^ij,
scammon.  ?,**, zintjib.  ^ij.   Ph. L.)  Cathartic,
hydragogue.   Dose, J} j to ^j.
  Pulvis de Senna. Scammo'nea et Lignis Com-
pos'itus dictus Antiauthrit'icus Purgans, (F.)
Poudre de Pirard.   (Gum Arab., potass,  snper-
tart., fiol. senna, china, aa 4 p., scammon., rad.
sarsapar., china.guaiac. lign. aa 2 p., fiat pulvis.
Ph. P.) Purgative. Used to obviate gout. Dose,
Si-
  Pulvis Stanni, see Tin—p. Sternutatorius, P.
asari compositus—p. Stibiatus, Antimonial pow-
der — p. Stypticus, P. Sulphatis aluminae com-
positus—p. Sudorificus, P.  ipecacuanha? comp.—
p. Sudorificus  Doveri, P.  ipecacuanhae  compo-
situs.
  Pulvis Sulpha'tis  Alu'mina Compos'itus,
P. alumino'sus seu alu'minis kinosa'tus seu styp'-
ticus  seu aluminis comjtositus, Alu'men kinosa'-
tum, Comjround Alum  Powder, (¥.) Poudre styp-
tique  ou d'uluni composie.  (Suljrhatis alumina,
p. iv, kino,  p. 1.  Ph. E.)  Astringent.   In in-
testinal  hemorrhage  and  diarrhoea.   Dose, gr.
x to xv.
  Pulvis de Sul'piiure et Scilla, P. antiasth-
mat'icus seu incisi'vus seu ad mucum pnlmona'-
lem libe'rius cien'dum, (¥.) Poudre  incisive ou
anti-asthmatique.  (Sacchar.,  p. 3, sulphur, lot. p.
2, scilla. siccat. p. j.  Ph. P.)  Dose, gr.  v to
3ss.
  Pulvis de Sulpha'te Potas'sa Compos'itus,
P. tem'perans  Stah'lii, (¥.) Poudre tempir-ante de
Stahl. (Potass, sulph., P. nitrat. aa 9 p., hydrarg,
sulph. rubr. 2 p.  Mix.  Ph. P.)   As an anti-
phlogistic, and in acidity  of the first passages.
Dose. ^j to h) ij.
  Pulvis e Silphure'to  Hydrar'gyri  Nigho
et Scammo'nio, dictns Vermif'ugus Mercuria'-
LIS, (F.) Poudre vermifuge mercurielle.   (Pulv.
cornachin., hydrarg. sulphuret. nit/r. recent. pra?p.,
aa p. a?.  Mix. Ph. P.)  Dose, J^j to ^ss.
  Pulvis Sympatheticus, Sympathetic powder
— p. Temperans Stahlii, P. de sulphate potassae
compositus — p. Terrestris, P. cretae compositus.
  Pulvis Tragacan'thas Compos'itus, P. e Tra-
gacan'thd  compositus, Sjtecies Diatragacan'tlla
firig"ida, Compound Powder of Tragacanth, (¥.)
Poudre de gomme atlragant.  composie.  (Trai/n-
canth. contus., acacia cont., amyli, sing., §iss,
sacch. jrnrif.  ff\\).  Ph.  L.)  Demulcent.   In
coughs, <fec.  Dose, ,^ss to  !Jiij.
  Pulvis de  Tribus, P. cornachini—p. Tonqui-
nensis, P. Cobbii.— p. ad  Ulcera tendinum, P.
myrrha? compositus—p. Vermifugus absque  mer-
curio, Pulvis  ex helminthocorto comp.—p.  Ver-
mifugus mercurialis,  P. e sulphureto  hydrargyri
nigro et scammonio—p. Vita? Imperatoris, P. cin-
namomi compositus.
  PUMEX, Lapis pu'micis, Pumice,  (¥.) Pierre
Ponce. This was formerly employed as a desicca-
tive and dentifrice.
  PUMICE. Pumex.
  PUMILIO, Nanus.
  PU.MILUS, see Nanus.
  PUMMEL-FOOT,  Kyllosis.
  PUMP, BREAST,  Antlia lactea—p. Stomach,
Stomach pump.
  PUMPKIN, Cucurbita pepo.
  PUNA, (S.)  Vet a,  Sonrcco, Soroche, Mareo ;
Ilyjtsorlosus,  Mountain Sickness, (¥.) Mai  de
Montague.  A sickness common in  the elevated
districts of South  America and elsewhere, which
attacks those unaccustomed to breathe the rare-
fied   atmosphere.  It strongly resembles  sea-
sickness, with a most acute and depressing throb-
bing in  the head.  It docs not often affect the
respiration greatly.
  PINAISE, Ci'mex.
  PUNAISIE, Ozama.
  PUNCH, Rhlzagra,  from  pnngere, jmnclum,
'to  prick.'  Rejtulso'rinm,  (F.) Rejronssoir.   A
surgical  instrument  used  for extracting  tbe
stumps of teeth.   See Lever.
  Also,  an  agreeable alcoholic drink, made of
spirit, wine, sugar, lemon juice, and water.  Milk
is sometimes substituted in part for the water : it
then forms J/i7/.- Punch.
  PUNCTA  OSSIFICATIONIS,  Ossification,
points of.
  PUNCT.E MUCOSA, see Acne.
  PUNCTICULA, Petechia?.
  PUNCTIO, Paracentesis, Puncture—p. Nervi,
Neuron vgmc.
  PUNCTUM, Stitch.
  Punctum Au'reum, Punctu'r-a an'rea.   For-
merly, when an intestinal hernia was reduced by
an incision made through the  integuments down
to the  upper  part  of the  spermatic vessels, a
golden wire was  fixed and twisted, so  as to pre-
vent the descent of any thing down  the  tunica
vaginalis.  Hence the term.
  Punctum C*:cum, see Optic  nerve — p. Lacry-
male, Lachrymal punctum.
  Punctum Sa'liens, P.  sanguin'enm  sa'liens,
Glob'ulus sfinguin'eus,  Functus ruber  sa'liens.
The first moving point which  makes its appear-
ance after the fecundation of the germ.   It has
been generally,  but erroneously, applied  to the
heart of the embryo.
  PUNCTURA, Paracentesis—p. Aurea, Punc-
tum aureum.
  PUNCTURE,  Punctu'ra, Pundtio, Centc'sis,
Paracente'sis, Nyxis, from pungere, punctum, 'to
prick ;'  Tresis Pnnctura, (¥.) Piqure.   A wound
made by a pointed instrument, as a sword, bayo-
net, needle, thorn, <fec. A  puncture is, generally,
of trifling consequence; but, sometimes,  it be-
comes important from the parts implicated, and
the after consequences.
  PUNCT'URING.   Same  etymon.  Comjntnc'-
tio, Paracente'sis. (F.) Ponction.  The operation
of opening, by means  of a trocar, lancet, &c., any
natural  or accidental cavity,  with the  view of
evacuating  any  fluid,  effused  or accumulated
therein.   Paracentesis is a sort of puncturing.
  PUNCTUS   RUBER  SALIENS,  Punctum
saliens.
  PUNGENT,  (F.) Pongitif.  Same  etymon.
Pain is  said to be pungent, when it seems  as if a
pointed instrument  were forced into the suffering
part.
  PU'NICA GRANA'TUM.  The Pomegranate,
Rhoa, Rhcea,  Grana'tum,  Mabrgrana'tnm,  (F.)
Grenadier : Ord. Myrtaceas.  Sex. Syst. Icosan-
dria Monogynia.  The  rind of the fruit,  called
Maliclto'rium,  Malacorium,   Malicorium,  Gra-
na'ti Fructus Cortex (Ph. U. S.) ; and  the flowers
— called  Balanstine flowers — are used in medi-
cine.   They have been employed both internally
and externally as  astringents. The seeds are
called Cocaines, kokkoivis.  The portion, however,
of the plant, that has attained most celebrity, is
the bark of the root, Grana'ti Radicis  Cortex
(Ph. U. S.), which  appears  to be very efficacious
in taenia.  It is given in decoction, (Gramtt. rad.
cort. ,^ij ; Aqua  Oij, boiled to  Oiss.)   Dose, f.^ij,
every half hour.  Three or four doses  are usually
sufficient to expel the worm.
  The  bark contains a peculiar  matter  called
Grenadin.
  PUNK, Boletus igniarius.
  PITOGENIA, Pyogenia.
  PUPIL,  Pupilla, Pu'pula, Pupil'io,  Vis'io, 
PUPILLiE  VELUM
7
PURSLANE
Opsis,  Core, Cora,  Rho.r, Fenes'tra  seu  Nigrum
sou Fora'men  Oc'uli, Prunella, Lumen,  Glene,
Sight or Apple or Ball  ofi the eye, (Sc.) Blttlc ofi
the Eie, (Prov.) Candle, (¥.) Fupille,  Prunelle.
The aperture of the iris, through which the rays
of light pass tb.it have to impress the image of an
object on the retina.  This  aperture can  be  di-
lated or  contracted so  as  to allow  a greater or
smaller quantity of luminous rays to penetrate.
The pupil, in man, is round, and by it  the ante-
rior and  posterior chambers  of  the  eye  commu-
nicate with each  other.   In the fcetus, during the
first six  months  of gestation, it is closed  by the
pupillary  membrane.
   Pupil,  Closure of the, Synezizis.
   Pupil.  Pinhole.  A  condition of the pupil in
typhus, in which it is so contracted as  to resem-
ble a pinhole.   It indicates a dangerous form of
brain affection.
   PUPILL.E VELUM, Pupillary membrane.
   PUPILLARIS HERBA,  Lapsana.
   PU'PILLARY,  Pujrilla'ris,  (F.) Pupillaire.
That which belongs to the pupil.
   Pupillary   Membrane,  Membrana Pujrilla'-
ris, Pupil/a velum, Memhra'na  Wacheudorfia' na.
The central aperture of the  iris is  closed, in the
foetus, during  a certain  period of gestation, by  a
very thin membrane. It disappears in the seventh
month.
   PUPPET ROOT, Veratrum viride.
   PUPPIS OS, Frontal bone.
   PUPULA, Pupil.
   PU'PULjE,  A'jttces digito'rum.  The pulps or
extremities of the fingers.
   PURBLIND, Mvopic
   PURBLI.VDNESS, Myopia.
   PURGA ME XT. Purgative.
   PURGAMENTA, Excrement —p. Alba, Leu-
corrhoea— p. Infantis, Meconium—p. Puerperii,
Lochia—p. Uteri, Lochia.
   PURGANS  MEDICAMENTUM,  Cathartic.
   PURGATIO, Catharsis — p. Alvi, Catharsis —
p.  Muliebris  alba,  Leucorrhoea — p. Puerperii,
Lochia.
   PURGATION, Catharsis.
   PURGATIO NES, Menses — p. Menstrua?,
Menses.
   PURGA TIONS. Menses.
   PUR'GATIVE, Pitrgati'vus,  Purgans, Much'-
licus, Catorelicus, Catotcr'icus,  Cathar'tic, Pur'-
gament, Purge, (¥.) Purgatif, from purgare, pur-
gatum, 'to cleanse.'  A medicine which  operates
more powerfully on the bowels than a laxative,
stimulating the muscular, and exciting  increased
secretion  from  the mucous,coat.
   PURGE, Purgative — p. Root,  Euphorbia  co-
rollata.
   PURGTNG,  Diarrhoea.
   PURIFTCANS,  Purif'icus,  from pnrificare,
'to make  pure  or clean.'  Purifying; hence : —
   Purificantia, Medicines that cleanse or purify
the blood.
   PURIFICUS,  Purificans.
   PU'RIFORM,  Puriform'is, from  pus,  pun's,
and forma.  Having the appearance of pus.
   PURL.  A  medicated  malt  liquor,  in  which
wormwood and aroinatics are infused.
   PURO-HEPATITIS. see  Hepatitis.
   PURO-MUCOUS. Pui-o-muco'sus, from pus,
pun's,  and mucus.  Having the  character  or ap-
pearance  of pus and mucus.
   PURPLE  OF   CASSIUS, (F.)  Pourpre  de
C'tssiu*.   A precipitate, obtained by adding the
protochloride of tin to a dilute solution of gold ;
or by dipping rods of tin in  a solution of gold in
diluted chlorohydric acid.   Used in  syphilis.
   PURPLES.  Purpura hemorrhagica.
   PUR'PUKA, Por'jrhyra,  'a  purple colour.'
This word has  been employed in many senses.
 It generally means, livid  spots on  the skin from
 extravasated blood,  with languor  and loss of
 muscular strength,  pains in  the  limbs. — (F.)
 Pourpre.
    In  Purpura Simplex,  Porph'yra simplex, Pe-
 techia sine febre, Pelio'sis, Fhartig'rnus P etechia' -
 lis, Profit'sio subciila'uea, Pete'chial Scurvy, the
 spots  are • numerous, but  small and  flea-bite-
 shaped: chiefly on  the breast, arms, and  legs;
 with  paleness  of countenance.  At times, the
 affection is accompanied by severe pains in the
 extremities, constituting Pelio'sis rheumalica.
    In  Purpura H^morrhag"ica, Porph'yra ha-
 morrhag"ica, Stomac'ace uniieisa'lis, llamorrha-
 gia universa'lis, Petechiano'sis, 31orbus macuto'sus
 hamorrhag" icus  Werlhofi'ii,  Pelio'sis hamor-
 rhag" ica,  Scorbiltus, Schirrbu'tus,   Hamorrhoe'a
 jicteehia'lis, Hamatospil'ia,  Land  Scurvy, Pur-
 jrles,  (F.) Seorbut, S. de  Terre, Mttlat/ie de Werl-
 hofi, Ilimaeilinose,  Piliose  himorrhagique — the
 spots are circular, and of different sizes; often in
 stripes or patches, irregularly scattered over the
 thighs, arms, and trunk ;  with occasional haemor-
 rhage from the mouth, nostrils, or viscera, .and
 great debility and depression of  spirits.
    In   Purpura  Nau'tica,  Porjthyra  nautica,
 Scorbiltus, Pechytyrbe, Giugibra'ehium, Gingipe'-
 dium, Scelotyr'be, Stomac'ace,  Scorbiltus nau'ti-
 cus,  Sea scurvy,  (Sc.)   Scrubie,  (F.)  Seorbut,
 there are spots of different hues,  intermixed with
 the livid, principally at the roots of the hair; the
 teeth are loose ; the gums are spongy and bleed-
 ing;  the breath is fetid, and the debility univer-
 sal and  extreme.   This  occurs chiefly  at sea,
 after exposure to a moist, cold, foul atmosphere;
 with  long use  of one kind  of food  and of stag-
 nant  water.
    All these varieties of purpura  considerably re-
 semble each other.  In  the first two, however,
 there  seems,  at times, to  be  some excitement,
 which has led to the employment of purgatives,
 and  even of bleeding,  with advantage.   They
 are dependent upon a peculiar diathesis,  which
 has been termed Scorbu'tie  Cachex'ia, Lues Scor-
 bu'tiea, and Cacochym'ia  Scorbn'tica.   Generally
 speaking, the use of the mineral  acids will be in-
 dicated ; and, in sea scurvy, vegetable acids must
 be regarded as the best antiscorbutics.   Nitre is,
 also,  a good antiscorbutic, and in cases of great
 prostration it  may be  united  with  cinchona
 or turpentine.   Tamarinds  and cream  of  tartar,
 made into drink, are also serviceable.   But the
 great remedy is change from low to cheerful spi-
 rits ;  from filth to  cleanliness; and from  a cold
 and damp, to a temperate and dry climate, with
 change  of food, and especially the  use of green
 vegetables.
    The general principles  of management are the
 same in sea, as in land scurvy.
    Purpura, Scarlatina—p. Alba benigna et ma-
 ligna, Miliary fever — p.  Maligna, Petechia? — p
 Miliaris, Miliary fever—p. Puerperarum, Miliary
 fever — p. Urticata,  Urticaria.
    PURPURIC  URINE,  see Porphyruria.
    PURPURINE, see Porphyruria.
    PURPURISSUM,  Hydrargyri   sulphuretum
 rubrum.
    PURRING TREMOR, Frimissement cataire.
    PURSE, Scrotum—p.  Shepherd's, Thlaspi
 bursa.
    PUR'SINESS, Dyspnoe'a pinguedino'sa,  (¥.)
 Pousse.  Dyspnoea accompanied with oppressive
 fatness.   The word  is, also, applied to dyspnoea
 of every kind.  One so affected is said to be jrursy,
 or short-iciiided,  (Prov.) Short-ofi-puff,  Thick-
 listed, (F.) Ft,,iss if.
    PURSLAIN. Purslane.
    PURSLANE, Portulaca —p. Milk, Euphorbia
j| corollata and E. maculata — p.  Speedwell, Ve- 
PURSY
78          PYLEPHLEBITIS
   ronica peregrina — p. Water, Ludwigia palustris,
   Veronica beccabunga.
     PURSY, see Pursiness.
     PURULENCE, Pus, Suppuration.
     PURULENCY, Pus, Suppuration.
     PU'RULENT, Pttrulen'tus, Em'jryos, Pyo'des,
   Py'icus,  from pus,  puris.  That which  has  the
   character of  pus or consists of pus; as purulent
   matter, a purulent collection, &c.
     Purulent  Deposit,  Pus.
     PURULENTIA,  Suppuration.
     PURVAIN, Verbena officinalis.
     PUS,  Humor purulen'tus,  Pyon,  Pyono'ma,
   Matter, Pu'ruletit depos'it, Pu'rulence, Pu'rulency,
   (Sc.)  Woursuin,  Worsum.  A  secretion  from  in-
   flamed textures, and especially from the areolar
   membrane. It is, almost always, ofthe same  na-
   ture, whatever may be the  part it proceeds from.
   Pus of a good quality,—laudable pus. Pus bonum
   seu laudab'ile  seu  nutritlrum  seu  verum, (F.)
   Pus  louable,  — is of a yellowish-white colour,
   opake, inodorous, and of a creamy  appearance.
   Heat, acids,  and  alcohol  coagulate  it.  When
   analyzed by Scbwilgu6, it afforded albumen and
   water,  a particular extractive substance, and a
   small quanty of soda, phosphate of lime, and
   other salts.   Normal pus consists essentially of
   two distinct parts, jtus  corpuscles or pus globules,
   Cytoid corpuscles,  (Henle) — and a  colourless,
   aqueous fluid, liquor jruris, in  which  the corpus-
   cles are  suspended.  A variety  of the  pus cor-
   puscles is described by M. Lebert under the name
   pyoid.   Fully formed pus is aplastic.
     Pus  Bonum, see Pus — p. Corpuscles, see Pus
   — p. Corrosivum, Sanies — p. Globules, see Pus
   — p. Laudable, see  Pus — p. Louable, see Pus —
   p. Malignum, Ichor—p. Malignum,  Sanies — p.
   Nutritivum, see Pus — p. Verum, see Pus.
     PUSH, Pustule.
     PUSILLA'TUM,  Pusula'tum, from  pusillus,
   'small' [?].   A coarse powder.
     PUSILLUS, Nanus.
     PUSKILE, Pustule.
     PUSTULA, Pustule —p. Ardens, Eczema—p.
   Oris, Aphthae—p. Gangraenosa, see  Anthrax—p.
   Livida Esthonia?, see Anthrax.
     Pustular Sicc.*,  Lichen.
     PUSTULAR, Pustulous,  Pustnla'r-is, Pustulo'-
   sus, (¥.)  Pustuleux.   Of or belonging to pustules.
   Affected with pustules.
     PUSTULA'TION, Pustula'tio, from  pustula,
   'a pustule.'   The formation of pustules.
     PUSTULE, Puskile, Push, Pus'tula, from pus.
   Ecpye'sis, Ecthy'rna, Benath, Bube, Ejtanas'tasis.
   An elevation   of the cuticle,  with  an  inflamed
   base,  containing pus.   Willan  and  Bateman
   reckon four varieties of pustules, Phlyza'cium,
   Psydra'cinm,  Achor, and Favus.  The variolous
'  pustule is often called, by the French, Grain ; by
   us, Pock.
     PUSTULE MALIGNE, see Anthrax.
     PUSTULOUS. Pustular.
     PUSULATUM, Pusillatum,
     PUT  TO BED, Deliver.
     PUTAMEN OVI, see Membrana putaminis.
     PUTIUM,  Prepuce.
     PUTREDO, Hospital Gangrene, Putrefaction.
     PUTREFACTION, Putrefac'tio,Putrescen'tia,
   Sepsis, Sap'rotes, Se'pedon, Putrid or Ptttrefact'ive
   fermentation, from  pntris, putre, 'rotten,' and
   facere, 'to make.'  A decomposition, experienced
   by animal substances, when deprived of life, and
   placed under special  circumstances.  The pre-
   sence of water is indispensable,  the temperature
   most  favourable  to it, is  from 60° to 90° of
   Fahrenheit.  The most common products of  pu-
   trefaction are, water, carbonic acid, acetic acid,
   ammonia, carburetted  hydrogen, and a  semi-
   putrid substance, which is volatilized, and has an
 infected odour.  It has been supposed that some-
 thing like putrefaction mny occur in  the living
 body, as in case of putrid fever.  To this condi-
 tion, Piorry has given the name Typhtilia'iniu,
 conceiving  it to be owing  to  alteration  of tho
 blood by putrid animal  matters.   Putrefaction
 signifies the state of becoming putrid : whilst Pn-
 tridity, Put re'do,  Putrid'itas,  Pu'tridness, (F.)
 Pourriture, is the  state of rottenness.
   PUTRESCENT, Hyposaprus—p. Poison, see
 Poison.
   PUTRESCENTS, Putrefaction — p.  Uteri
 gravidi, Hystcro-malacia.
   PUTRID, Pu'tridus, Sajrros, Sejredono'des. (¥.)
 Putride, from jrutreo, 'to rot.'  An epithet, for
 some affections, in which the matters excreted
 and the transpiration itself exhale a smell of pu-
 tridity.  It is particularly applied to typhus.
   PUTRIDITAS, see Putrefaction.
   PUTRIDITY, see  Putrefaction.
   PUTRILA'dO,  Putror, (¥.) Pittrilage.   Same
 etymon. The pultaceous  matter or slough, which
 forms in  certain  gangrenous  and other  ulcers,
 and is thrown off.
   PUTROR, Putrilage.
   PUTZOCHILL. see Myroxylon Peruiferum.
   PUXIRI, see Pichurim beans.
   PYAEMIA. Pyoha?mia.
   PYAR'TIIRUM, from  vvov, 'pus,' and  apBpov,
 'joint.'  A  suppurated joint.
   PYCNAN'THEMUM   INCA'NUM, (irvXros,
 'dense,' and av&tixov,  'a blossom.')  CU unpad'i urn
 inca'num,  Common Mountain  Mint,  Wild Basil.
 An  indigenous plant of the mint, family—Ord.
 Labiatae — which flowers in August.   It has the
 aromatic properties of the mints.
   Pycnan'themum Linifo'lium, Virginia Thyme,
 has  like virtues.
   PYCNICMASTICA, Incrassantia.
   PYCNOSIS, Inspissatio.
   PYCNOTICA, Incrassantia.
   PYEC'CIIYSIS, from  -trvov, 'pus,' and ek^uitij,
 'effusion.'   An effusion of pus.
   PYELI'TIS, (F.) Pyilite, from rrvcXos, 'pelvis,'
 and itis, denoting  inflammation.  Inflammation
 of the pelvis and calicos of the kidney.
   PYELOMETER, Pelvimeter.
   PYELONEPHRI'TIS, from  ™£>0f,  'pelvis,'
 vetppos, 'kidney,' and itis,  denoting inflammation.
 Inflammation of the kidney, and of the pelvis and
 calices,
   PYELOS, Pelvis.
   PYEMESIS, Pyoemesis.
   PYESIS, Suppuration.
   PYETIA, Colostrum, Rennet.
   PYGE, Nates.
   PYGMiEUS, Pygmy.
   PYGME, Fist, Forearm.
   P YGMEE, Pygmy.
   PYGMY, Pigmy, Pygma'us, (¥.) Pygmie, from
 irvypn, 'the  fist;  as  big  as  the fist.'   A dwarf.
 The Pygma?i were a fabulous nation of  dwarfs in
 the  extreme  parts of India;  or,  according  to
 others, in Ethiopia.
   PYTGODID'YMUS, Did'ymus 'sympltyoperina'-
 us, Pygop'ages, from  irvyn, ' the nates,'  and itiv-
 itos,  ' a twin.' A monstrosity, in which  twins are
 united by the sacrum and coccyx.
   PYGOM'ELES, (F.) Pygomile, from nvyv, ' the
 nates,' and ptXtos,' unprofitable.'  A monster with
 excessive growth on the  nates or rump.
   PYGOPAGES,  Pygodidymus.
   PYICUS, Purulent.
   PYLE, Porta.
   PYLEMPHRAXTS,  from  nvXv,  'porta,'  'a
 gate,' and eptppat-is, 'obstruction.'   Obstruction of
 the vena porta.
.   PYLEPHLEBITIS, from rrvXn, 'porta,'  tpXt^, 
PYLORIC
fXePos, ' a vein,' and itis, denoting inflammation.
In inanimation of the vena porta.
  PYLORIC, Pylor-'icus, (¥.) Pylorique.  Same
etymon as  pylorus.  That which  relates to  the
pylorus.  An epithet given to different parts.
  Pyloric  ARTERY, Arte'ria Corona'ria dextra,
(¥.) Petite arth-e gastriqne droite, arises from the
hepatic, and is distributed to  the  pylorus and to
the lesser curvature of the stomach, anastomosing,
particularly, with the A. coronaria ventriculi  and
A. gastro-epiploica dextra.
  Pyloric  Vein follows the same  distribution as
the artery.
  PYLORIQUE, Pyloric.
  P^ LO'RUS, Jan't'tor, Portnnrlrium, from ttuA??,
'a gate,' and ovpos, 'a  guardian.'  Os'tinm ven-
tric'ttli duodena'le seu jtylor'icum sen dextrum sen
infe'ritts, Orific"iitni  dextrum  seu inferius  seu
K'ji-es'sus seu Os infie'rius seu An'mil us seu Sphinc-
ter ventric'uli, Ostia'rius, Hostia'ritts, (¥.) Pylore.
The lower or right orifice of the stomach—Orifice
intestinal (Ch.) — is called  Pylorus, because it
closes  the entrance into the  intestinal canal,  and
is furnished with  a circular, flattened, fibro-mu-
cous ring,  which  occasions the total closure of
the stomach during digestion in that organ. This
ring has been called the Valve of the Pylorus,
Sphincter Pyltr'ri, Pylo'rus propria sic dictus, (¥.)
 Valvule du jtylore.  It is a  fold of the mucous
and muscular membranes of the  stomach;  and
is the  Pyloric muscle of some authors.
  PYO, in  composition, means  'pus,' from irvov,
'pus.'
  PYOBLENNTCUS, Mucopurulent.
  PYOBLENNORRIIffi'A, frora pyo, and $Xtvva,
'mucus,' and ptot, 'I flow.'  A discharge of puri-
form mucus.
  PYOCENO'SIS, frompyo, and Kevtnois, 'evacua-
tion.'   Evacuation of pus.
  PYOCIIEZ'IA,  Diarrhoe'a puriileilta,  from
pyo, and xt(o, ' I go to stool.'  Discharge of  pus
by stool.  Purulent diarrhoea.
  PYOCGS'LIA,  Ascites jtiirnlen'tns, from pyo,
and KotXia, ' the  belly.'  Pus in the abdominal
cavity.
  PYOCYSTIS, Vomica.
  PYODES, Purulent.
  PYCEDE'MA, from pyo, and oiSrjpa, 'swelling.'
Tumefaction of the surface owing  to effusion of
pus.
  PYOKM'ESIS, Pyem'esis, Vom'ituspurulent'us,
from  pyo,  and  epects,  'the act  of vomiting.'
Vomiting of pus.
  PYOGENES IS, Pyogenia.
  PYOGEN'IA.PKo^eii'iVi, Pyogen'esis, Pyopoe'-
sis, from pyo, and  ytveats, 'generation.'   Genera-
tion  of pus.  The  theory or mechanism of the
formation of pus.  Some have  believed that pus
is formed by the arterial system, and is deposited,
by way of excretion, in the inflamed parts ; others,
that it is formed by the destruction of solid parts.
It seems to be owing  to a  degeneration of the
liquor  sanguinis and exudation  corpuscles.
  Pyogenia Corrosiva, Ulceration—p. Simplex,
Suppuration.
  PYOGEN'IC, Pyogen'icus.   Same  etymon.
Having relation to the  formation of pus.
  PYOHJE'MIA,  Pya'nria, fF.)  Pyohcmic, from
pyo, and 'atpa, 'blood.'  Alteration  of the blood
by pus, giving occasion to the Diath'esis seu In-
fec'tin pnrulen'ta.
  PYOID  CORPUSCLES or GLOBULES, see
Pus.
  PYOME'TRA.   P.  pnrulen'ta, from pyo,  and
pnr„a,  ' womb.'   A collection  of pus in the uterus.
  Pyometr v Purulenta, Pyonietra.
  PYON. Pus.
  PYONKPHRITE, see Nephritis.
  PYONOMA, Pus.
9     PYRAMIDES ANTMlETJRES
  PYOOTORRHCEA, Otirrhoea.
  PYOPERICAR'DIA,  Pyopericar'dium, from
pyo, irepi, 'about,' and napbia, ' the heart.'  A col-
lection of pus in the pericardium.
  PYOPIITHALMIA, Hypopyon —p. Neonato-
rum, see Ophthalmia (purulenta infantum).
  PYOPLEURITE, Empyema.
  PYOPOESIS, Pyogenia.
  PYOP'TYSIS,  from pyo,  and tttvoi,  'I spit.'
Spitting of pus.
  PYORRIIAG"IA, from jryo, and payn, 'violent
rupture.'  A  sudden discharge of a large  collec-
tion of matter.
  PYORRHCE'A, from pyo, and ptor, ' I flow.'  A
discharge of  pus.
  Pyorrhoea Alvina,  Pyochezia — p. Aurium,
Otirrhoea — p.  Nasalis,  Ozaena — p. Palpebra?,
Blepharopyorrhcea—p. Urinalis, Pyuria-^p. Yi-
aruin  lacrymalium,  Daeryopyorrhcea.
  PYOSIS, Hypopyon,  Pterygion,  Suppuration
— p. Pectoris, Empyema.
  PYOTHORAX VERUS, Empyema.
  PYOTORRHEE, Otirrhoea.
  PYOTURIA, Pyuria.
  PYR, Fever.
  PYTRA, Anthrax—p. Crustumina, Crustumina-
tum — p. Crustumerina, Crustuminatuin.
  PYR'AMID,  Pyr'amis,  irvpapis, irvpapiioS,
Eminen'tia  jtyramida'lis  tym'pani, from  irvp,
'flame,' which has  a conical appearance [?].  A
small bony projection in the cavity of the tym-
panum, which is excavated, to lodge the muscles
of the stapes.  The Centre-pin of  the trephine.
A small, obtusely pointed eminence of the infe-
rior vermiform process of the cerebellum.
  Pyramid, see Calumba—p. of Malacarne, Ver-
miform  process, inferior.
  PYRAMIDAL  DE UABDOMEN, Pyrami-
dalis abdominis — jr. de la Cuisse, Pyramidalis —
p. dn Nez,  Pyramidalis nasi —p. Stapidien, Sta-
pedius.
  PYRAMTDALE, (OS,) Cuneiform, (bone.)
  PYRAMIDA'LIS ABDOM'INIS,  Mns'culus
Fallo'pii seu succenturia'tus seu auxilia'tins, (F.)
Pubio-ombilicttl, Pubio-sous-nmbilical (Ch.), Py-
ramidal de I'abdomen.  A small, fleshy, pyrami-
dal fasciculus, whose existence is not constant;
and which  is inserted, by its  base, into the upper
part of  the pubis, and terminates, by its summit,
at the inferior part of the linea alba. When it
contracts, it stretches the linea alba.
  Pyramida'lis, F'. Fem'oris, Iliacus exter'nus,
Pyriform'is, Piriformis, Primus et superior quad-
rigern'inus,  (F.) Sacro-trochantirien  (Ch.),  Py-
ramidal de la cuisse.  A flat, triangular muscle,
situate at the posterior part of the pelvis.  By its
base,  it is attached  to the anterior  surface of tbe
sacrum; to the corresponding surface ofthe great
sacro-seiatic  ligament and to the posterior  part
of the ilium.  It terminates  by a  tendon, which
is attached to the inner surface of the great tro-
chanter.  This muscle is a rotator  of the thigh
outwards, or of the  pelvis in an opposite direction.
  Pyramidalis Femoris, Pyramidalis.
  Pyramida'lis  Nasi,  Proc"erus nasi,  Nasum
dila'tans, (¥.) Fronto-nusal (Ch.), Pyramidal flu
nez.   A  thin, triangular  muscle,  which has  its
summit upwards.   Above, it is continuous with
the occipito-frontalis.  It descends  vertically bo-
fore the root of the nose, on  which  it terminates,
becoming  confounded  with  the  transversalis.
This muscle wrinkles the skin of the root of the
nose transversely, and stretches that which covers
the tip.
  PY'RAMTDES. Corpora pyramidalia.
  PYRAMIDES   ANTERIEURES,  Corpora
pyramidalia — p. Ferreini, Ferrein, pyramids  of 
PYRAMIDS  OF MALPIGIII    780        PYRUS AMERICANA
—p. Malpighiana?, Papilla? of the kidney—p. Pos-
tirieures du cervelet, Corpora restiformia.
  PYRAMIDS  OF  MALPIGIII, Papilla?  of the
kidney—p. of Ferrein, see Ferrein—p. Posterior,
Corpora restiformia — p. of Wistar, Sphenoidal
cornua.
  PYRAMIS, Penis, Pyramid—p. Cochlea?, Mo-
diolus — p. Trigona, see Temporal bone.
  PYRCEA, Incendium.
  PYREC'TICA,  'febrile;' from irvperos, 'fever,'
nnd eyw, ' I have.'   Fevers :  the first order in the
class  Hamatica of Good.
  PYRELA1NES, Olea empyreumatica.
  PYRENOIDES, Odontoid.
  PYRETHRE,  Anthemis pyrethrum.
  PYRETHRUM, Anthemis pyrethrum,  Urtica
—p. Parthenium, Matricaria parthenium—p. Syl-
vestre,  Achillea ptarmica.
  PYRETICO'SIS,  from  irvp,   'fire,'   irvperos,
'fever;' Morbusfebri'lis.  A febrile affection.
  PYRETICUS, Febrifuge, Febrile.
  PY'RETOGENETIC, Stimulant.
  PYRETOGRAPH'IA, from  irvperos,  'fever,'
and  ypaipn,  'a description.'   A description  of
fever.
  PlTRETOL'OGY, Pyretolog"ia,  from  irvperos,
'fever,'and Xoyos, 'a  discourse.'  Pyrol'ogy.  A
treatise on fevers.   A title sometimes given to a
monograph on fever.
   PYRETOS. Fever.
   PYRETOTYPOSIS, Intermittent.
   VYREX'lA,Pyrex'is, irvpe^is,(-vp,'nre.') Fever.
The febrile condition.   Also, a paroxysm of fever
—  Paroxysmus febri'lis.
   Pyrex'i.e, Febrile diseases.   The first class of
 Cullen's Nosology.
   PYRI MARTIALES, Ferrum tartarizatum.
   PYRIA. Fomentation, Vaporarium.
   PYRIATERTUM, Vaporarium.
   PYRICAUSTUM, Burn.
   PYRIFORMIS, Pyramidalis.
   PYRIPH'LEGES,   irvpttpXtyriS,   Pyriphlectos,
 rvpttpXeKros, from  nop, 'fire,' and tpXeyor,  ' I burn.'
 One  who has a burning fever.
   PYRITES, IRON,  Ferri sulphuretum.
   PYRMONT, MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  A
 celebrated mineral spring on the Weser, in West-
 phalia, four leagues from Hamelet.  The waters
 are tonic, and  contain  chlorides of sodium  and
 magnesium, sulphates of soda and magnesia, and
 carbonates of iron, lime, and magnesia  dissolved
 in  carbonic acid, with  some resinous [?]  princi-
 ples.  It is a highly carbonated chalybeate.
   Artificial Pyrmont Water may be  formed
 of Ejisom salt, gr. xv;  common salt, gr. v; mag-
 nesia,  gr. x; iron-filings, gr. v;  water, Oiij.  Im-
 pregnated with the gas from marble-powder  and
 sulphuric, acid, aa ^vij.
    PYR03NUS, Spiritus rectificatus.
    PYR'OLA, P.  rotundifo'lia. Round-leaved Py-
 rola or Wintergreen ; Shin  leaf.  Ord. Ericaceae.
 Diminutive of Pyrus, a pear tree, from a fancied
 resemblance of the foliage.   This plant was once
 used as a gentle astringent and tonic.
    Pyr'ola Macula'ta, Chimaph'ila Macula'ta,
 Spotted Pipsis'sewa, Spotted Wintergreen,  White-
 leaf, White Pijtsissewa, Ring cure, Ground holly,
 Rheumatism weed,  &c., has similar properties.
    Pyrola, Roundleaved, Pyrola.
    Pyrola  Umbella'ta.  Chimaph'ila  seu  Chi-
 moph'ila umbella'ta, C.  Corymbo'sa, Ground-holly,
 Pipsis'sewa,  Wintergreen,  Rheumatism  weed,
  Prince's pine, Herbe a pisser (Canada).  This com-
 mon American plant is allied to the uva ursi, in bo-
 tanical as well as  medical  qualities.  It  is tonic
 and diuretic.  The bruised  leaves  irritate  the
 skin.   From the decoction or infusion an agree-
 able beverage may be  formed by  adding sugar,
ginger to flavour it, and yeast to produce fermen-
tation.  Under the name Pipsis'sewa Beer it has
been used in  scrofulous affections.
  PYROLEUM  OSSIUM  RECTIFICATUM,
Oleum animale Dippelii.
  PYROLIG'NEOUS  ACID, Ac"idum py-
roace'ticum seupyrolig'neum seu pyroligno'sum seu
pyroxyl'icum seu ligni pyro-olev'sum seu ace'ticum
einpyreumalicum sen lig'neum seu  ligno'rurn ern-
pyreumat'icum, Fyrolig'nic acid, (¥.) Acide pyro-
acitique ou pyroligm'que ou jryrolignenx, Vinaigre
de bois.  An acid, obtained  by distillation  from
wood,  coal, <fcc, which was  once believed to be of
a  peculiar character.  It  is now known to be
formed of acetic acid  and  an empyreumatic oil,
from which it may be freed; and, in this state, is
sold in commerce for Acetum distillatum, Acetic
acid of commerce,  Ac"idum ace'ticum  e Ligno
i-cna'le.  It is used for similar  purposes as dis-
tilled  vinegar,  and for preserving animal sub-
stances.  It has also been  used  as an antiseptic
in gangrene  and sphacelus, and  to foul  ulcers;
wherever indeed creasote is indicated.—The dose
of  the impure  pyroligneous acid internally is
from  five to thirty  drops,  three  or four  times a
day.
   PYROMA'NIA,  Incen'diary tnonoma'nia, from
irvp, 'fire,' and  mania.  Insanity,  with  an irre-
sistible desire to destroy by fire.
   PYROPH'AGUS, Igniv'orus,  from ?rup, 'fire,'
and tpayor, ' I eat.'   One who eats fire.  A juggler,
who eats bodies in  a state  of ignition.
   PYROS, Triticum.
   PYRO'SIS, from np,' fire,'' the act of burning.'
Ptyalis'muspyros'icus, Limo'sis cardialgia sjtuta-
to'ria, Ardor seu Ebullil'io stom'achi seu ventric'-
uli, Cardialgia sjtutato'ria,Pyrosis Suec"ica,Apo-
ceno'sis vorrlitus pyrosis, Dysjtep'sia pyrosis, Crris-
moreg'mia, Orex'is (of some), Soda,  Waterbrush,
 Waterqualm, Waterpang,  Black-water, (¥.) Ar-
deur de l.'estomac, Fer clutud, Cremason, Gorgosset.
This  affection consists of a  hot  sensation in  the
stomach, with  eructations of an acrid,  burning
liquid, that causes  a distressing  sensation in  the
parts  over  which  it  passes. Attention  to diet,
and the use  of  bitter  absorbents, will usually re-
lieve, when the disease is  functional.  Occasion-
ally,  it is symptomatic of  organic disease of the
 stomach.
   Pyrosis also signified,  of old, inflammation,
 gangrene, and a burn.
   Pyrosis Suecica, Pyrosis.
   PYROSOPIIIA,  Chymistry.
   PYROTECHNIA,  Chymistry.
   PY'ROTECHNY,  Pyroteellne, Pyrotech'nia,
 from irvp, 'tire,' and re^vir, 'art.'  Art of making
 fire-works, <S£c.  Also, chymistry.  M. Percy has
 used  the  term Pyrotechnie Chirurgicale for the
 art of applying  fire or  the  actual cautery in
 surgery.
   PYROTHONIDE,  from rrtip,  'fire.' and oBovn,
 'linen.'  Liquor pyro-oleo'bus e  lin'teo  para'lus.
 A kind of pyrogenous or empyreumatic oil, pro-
 duced by the combustion of textures  of  hemp,
 linen, or cotton in a copper vessel.  The brown
 product is acid.  Its  medical properties probably
 resemble those of  creasote.  Diluted with three
 or four times its weight of water, it has been used
 as a  gargle  in cynanche tonsillaris, but  is not
 now employed.
    It  is said, also, to be  a popular  remedy for
 toothaeh and skin  diseases.  When prepared from
 rags, it is called Rag oil; when from paper, Pa-
 per oil, (F.) Huile de Papier.
    PYROTICUS, Caustic.
    PYROXYLIN,  Gun cotton, see Collodion.
    PYRUS AMERICANA, Sorbus Americana.
    Pyrus  Cydo'nia,  Cydo'nia   mnlifior'mis sou
 vulga'ris, Sorbus   Cydo'nia, Cydo'nia,   Coto'riia,
1 
PYETIA
Quince Tree, (F.) Coignassier,  Cognassier.  Ord.
Rosacea.'.   S,-x.  Syst.  Icosandria  Pentagynia.
The  Iruit is  termed  Cydo'ninm malum, Malum
cnnuni seu coto'nenm, Melum cydo'nium,  Quince,
(F.) Coign.   Quince-seeds—Cydo'nium (Ph. U. S.
1851) — are sometimes used in decoction as a de-
mulcent. The fruit makes a pleasant preserve.
  Pyrus Domestica,  Sorbus domestica.
  Pyrus Malus, Mains, M. dasyphyl'la seu com-
milnis seu  sylves'tris, Sorbus  mains,  Melea,  the
Apple  Tree,  (¥.) Pomrnier.   The  apple —(F.)
Pontine—is an agreeable fruit when  ripe.  When
unripe, it disagrees, especially with those  of weak
digestive powers.  Tho  same  may be said of the
 pear, (¥.) Poire; the fruit of Pyrus commu'nis,
P. Sorbus seu Sati'va, Pirns, A'pios,(¥.) Poirier.
  Apple Brandy is a spirituous liquor  obtained
from the juice of the apple, and much used in the
 United  States.
  PYETIA, Rennet.
  PYTIA,  Colostrum, Rennet.                  I
   Q., see Abbreviation.
   QUABEBE, Piper cubeba.
   QUACK, Charlatan.
   QUACK-MEDICINE, Arcanum.
   QUACKSALVER,  Charlatan.
   QUADRANS,  Qnarta pars libra.   A quarter
 of a pound.  Three ounces (Troy.)
   QUADRA'TUS,  (F.) Carvi,  from  qnadrus,
 'square.'  A name  for  muscles whose figure ap-
 proaches  a  square.  Depressor Labii inferioris,
 Quadratus femoris.
   Quadratus Dorsi, Q. lumborum.
   Quadra'tus  Fem'oris,   Quadratus,  Quartus
 quadrigem'inus quadratus,  (¥.)  Tubcr-ischio-tro-
 chantirien (Ch.), Ischio-sous-trochautirien.  Carri
 de la Cuisse.  A muscle situate at the posterior
 and upper part of the thigh.   It is thin, flat, and
 quadrilateral, and is attached  to the outer part of
 the tuberosity of the ischium ;  whence it proceeds
 transversely to the  inferior part of the posterior
 margin of the great  trochanter.  It  rotates the
 limb, turning the toe  outwards.
   Quadratus Gen^:, Platysma myoides—q. Ra-
 dii, Pronator radii quadratus.
   Quadratus  Lumbo'rum, Quadratus seu Lum-
 ba'ris externus, Q. dorsi, Flectens par lumbo'rum,
 (¥.)  Ilio-costal,  (Ch.) Ilio-lombi-costal,  Carri
 des lornbes.   A flat, somewhat thick,  irregularly
 quadrilateral muscle, situate in the loins, at the
 Bides of the  vertebral  column.   It is attached,
 below, to  the crista ilii and ilio-lumbar ligament;
 and above, to the inferior margin  of the last rib;
 and besides, to the  base  of  the transverse  pro-
 cesses  of the last  four lumbar vertebrae.   This
 muscle  inclines  the loins to  its  side; depresses
 the last rib, and  is thus a muscle of  respiration.
 It can also raise the hip.
   QUADRIGA, Cataphracta.
   QUADRIGEM'TNA  TUBER'CULA, .EWiien'-
 tia Quadrigem'ina seu Bigem'ina, Optic Lobes,
 Optic Ganglia,  Pons Sylvii,  Cor'pora  quadri-
gem'ina  seu  bigem'ina, Nates  et  Testes,   (F.)
 Tnbercules quadrijitmeaux  ou bijumeaux. Emi-
nences  bigiminies,  Lobes optiques ou  bijumeaux.
Four medullary tubercles, situate at the posterior
surface of the tuber annulare.  They are white,
externally;  gray, internally;  oblong; rounded;
1             QUARANTINE
  PYTTSMA. Sputum, Sperm.
  PYUL'CON, Pyulciim, from  trvov, 'pus,' and
'cXkw, 'I extract.'  (F.)  Tire-pus.  A surgical in-
strument  for  extracting  pus frora  any  cavity.
Many pyulca have  been employed, all of which
act as exhausting syringes.
  PYU'RIA, Pyotu'ria, Pyorrhce'a urina'lis, (¥.)
Pyurie, Pissement de Pus, from trvov,  'pus,' and
ovpov, ' urine.'   Discharge of purulent urine : a
symptom  which occurs in many  diseases;  par-
ticularly in cases of renal calculi,  and in  organic
affections of the bladder.  It receives various epi-
thets, according to the part whence the pus pro-
ceeds:— as Pyuria urethra'lis, P. rena'lis, and
P. vesica'lis.
  Pyuria Chylosa, Chyluria—p. Lactea, Chy-
luria— p. Mucosa,  Cystirrhcea — p. Serosa, Cys-
tirrhcea— p. Viscida, Cystirrhoea.
   PYXIS, irv^ts.  A  box; a pill-box.  Also, an
emollient ointment. — Aetius, and Paulus.
   Pyxis, Boite, see Cotyloid.
 connected by pairs, and separated by two grooves,
 which divide them crucially.  Of these tubercles
 — the superior called Nates, Na'tula,  Tuber'cula
 anterio'ra, Glu'tia, are larger  and more  promi-
 nent than the lower, called Testes, Tuber'cula pos-
 terio'ra.  The pineal gland  corresponds exactly
 to the point of intersection of the two furrows
 that separate them.
   QUADRIGEMINUS  PRIMUS ET  SUPE-
 RIOR,  Pyramidalis—q. Quartus quadratus, Qua-
 dratus femoris—q. Secundus et tertius, Ischio-
 trochanterianus.
   Q UADRIJUMEA UX (TUBERCULES), ■
 Quadrigemina Tubercula.
   QUADROON, see Mulatto—q. Black, see Mu-
 latto.
   QUAFADIL, Melanthium Virginicum.
   QUAHOIL, Cacao.
   QUAIL, Tetrao coturnix.
   QUAMASII, EASTERN, Scilla esculenta.
   QUANDROS.   Ancient name  for a precious
 stone, believed to exist  in the brain of the vul-
 ture; and  to which was attributed the property
 of  augmenting the secretion of milk, and pre-
 serving from deadly  accidents.  No  such stone
 exists.
   QUAR'ANTINE,  Quar'entine,  Qnarentaine,
 from (I.) Qttarantl nn. itself from quaranta, 'forty,'
 (F.) Qnaruntaine.  The time during which tra-
 vellers, returning from a country where the plague
 or any other pestilential disease exists, are com-
 pelled to remain on board ship or in a lazaretto.
 They, as well as  the  ship,  are said 'to perform
 quarantine.'  Quarantine is  sometimes extended
 beyond  forty days, whilst  its  duration  is fre-
 quently much less.  It is sometimes enforced  by
 land; for example, when contagious diseases re-
 quire the establishinent of cordons sam'taires, and
 when persons are desirous of leaving infected dis-
 tricts.  During quarantine, no communication is
 allowed between  the  travellers  and the inhabit-
 ants of the country.   Quarantine is a great im-
 pediment to  commerce; and is, doubtless, very
 frequently  enforced when there is  but little dan-
 ger of contagion.  The evils, however, that might
 arise from the introduction of a widely-spreading
j contagious disease, are so disastrous, as to induce 
QUARTAN
8 2
QUINIA
legislators to maintain these laws in perhaps  an
unnecessary degree of rigour.
  QUARTAN, from quartus, ' the fourth.'  Qnar-
ta'na  Febris,  Arletus  Quarta'nus,  Tetarta'us,
Quartan Ague, (¥.) Qttarte.  An intermittent, the
paroxysms  of which  recur  every  fourth  day,
leaving  between them two days' interval.  We
speak also ofthe Quartan Type. A Double Quar-
tan,  (¥.) Double quarle,  is one  in which  one
paroxysm occurs on the  third and another on the
second day, so that there is only one day of apy-
rexia and two  of paroxysms in succession; — the
paroxysms  of  every fourth day resembling each
other.   A  Triple Quartan  is one in which there
is  a paroxysm every day ;  and on every three
days the paroxysms correspond.   A redoubling
or  rejtealing quartan, (¥.) Fievre quarte doublie,
is one in which there are two  paroxysms every
fourth day.  See Intermittent.
   QUARTANUS REMITTENS, Tetartophia.
   QUARTA'RIUS.  An ancient measure, equal
to  one-fourth of the sextarius.   See Weights and
 Measures.
    QUARTE,  Quartan.
   QUARTERON,  see Mulatto —q.  Black,  see
 Mulatto.
   QUARTIO, Astragalus.
   QUARTI-STERNAL, Quadristerna'lis.  The
 fourth osseous portion ofthe sternum, correspond-
 ing to the fourth intercostal space. — B6clard.
    QUASSATIO, Conquassation.
   QUASSATURA, Conquassation.
   QUAS'SIA,  Q.  arna'ra seu  excelsa,  Picra'-
 va  excelsa, Febrifugum lignum,  Quassy, Lofty
 Bitterwood Tree, Bitter-ash, (¥.)  Quassie, Bois
 amer. Ord. Simarubaceae. A West India tree, from
 which  is obtained  the Lignum  Quassia,  Quassia
 (Ph.U. S.) It is an intensely durable bitter, without
 astringency ; and  has been  employed as a tonic
 and stomachic.  It is generally given in  the form
 of infusion.  The bitter principle is called Quassin.
    Quassia Simarou'ba, Simarouba,  Simaru'ba,
 S. officina'lis, Euon'ymus, Bitter Simaruba, Moun-
 tain Damson.   The bark of  the root,  Simaru'ba,
 (Ph. U. S.), is  bitter, and not unpleasant.  Both
 water and  alcohol extract its virtues.  It is  not
 astringent.  It is  exhibited wherever a simple
 tonic is required.
    QUASSIN. see Quassia.
    QUATERNIO, Astragalus.
    QUA TRE EPICES, see Myrtus pimenta.
    QUATRIO, Astragalus.
    QUEASINESS,  Nausea.
    QUEEN OF THE MEADOW, Spiraea lobata
 — q. of the Prairie, Spirasa ulmaria.
    QUEEN'S  DELIGHT,  Stillingia —q. Root,
 Stillin sjia.
    QUELLES, Elixir.
    QUENOUILLE D'EAU, Typha latifolia.
    QUERCERA, Epialos.
    QUERCINI HERBA, Lichen plicatus.
    QUERCULA MINOR, Teucrium cbama?drys.
    QUERCUS   ALBA,  White  Oak;  Quercus
 Robur,  Common  Oak;  Q. Tincto'ria, Black
 Oak;  Q. rubra monta'na, Red Oak  or  Spanish
 Oak.   Ord. Cupuliferae.   Sex.  Syst. Moncecia
 Polyandria; (F.) Chine.  The bark of all these
 varieties is, probably, alike in medicinal proper-
 ties.  It is powerfully astringent and tonic, and
 lias been used  internally in intermittents, and  ex-
 ternally in decoction, as an astringent wash, where
 such is  indicated.
    Acorns, Ceces,  Nuces Quercus,  (¥.)  Glands,
 were at one time much  used  as food ; and a de-
 coction  of them was once recommended in dys-
 entery and diarrhoea, in glandular obstructions,
 <tc.  A pessary made of them  has  been advised
in  immoderate flow ofthe menses.   They are  not
now used.
  Quercus  Tnfecto'ria.  A tree of Asia Minor,
which affords  Turkey or Nut Galls, Galia  Tur'-
cica seu  Qncrci'na  seu Tincto'ria, Aux Galia,
Galia max'ima orbicula'ta, Cicis, Cassemdes, Gal-
la.  Galls,  Gall-nut, (¥.) Noix dc Galle. Guile de
cht'ne.   The nut-gall—Ga/la (Ph. U. S.) —is a
morbid  protuberance or  tubercle, produced  by
the puncture of the Di/ilo'lepis seu Cynips Galia
Tincto'ria, Cynips Quercds f'olii.  It is powerfully
astringent and tonic, and has been  employed in
diarrhoea, intestinal  hemorrhage, and intermit-
tents :  but is  chiefly used, externally, in gargles
and injections.  The powder, made into an oint-
ment with lard, is used in piles.  The  ordinary
nutgalls of the shops are  procured  from the Le-
vant.   The large Mecca or Bussoruh  galls, at
times called Dead Sea ajijtles, Mad ajiples and
apples of Sodom, arc  produced on Quercus  in-
fectoria.
  There are upwards of thirty species of oak in
the United States, all of which are probably inoro
or less astringent and tonic.
  Quercus Coccifera, see Kermes — q. Marina,
Fucus vesiculosus — q. Suber, see Suber.
  QUERQUERA, Epialos.
   QUEUE DE CHEVAL, Hippuris  vulgaris
Cauda  equina, see  Medulla spinalis — q.  de la
Moelle ipinih-e, Cauda  equina — q.  de Pourceau,
Peucednnum —q. de Rat, Sium lunare.
   QUICK-IN-THE-HAND, Impatiens.
   QUICKEN  TREE, Sorbus acuparia.
  QUICK'ENING, from Sax. cj>iccan, 'to  make
alive.'   The period of gestation when tbe motion
of  the  foetus  first becomes perceptible.   This
usually occurs about the eighteenth  week, and
was at one time erroneously believed to mark  the
time at which  the foetus becomes alive—Animtl-
tio  foetus.   It need scarcely be said, that it pos-
sesses  the principle  of life  from the moment of
the union of the materials furnished by tho sexes
as a fecundating copulation.  When the motion
is felt, the female is said to be 'quick with child.'
   QUICKENS. Triticum repens.
   QUICKLIME, Calx viva.
   QUICKSILVER,  Hydrargyrum.
   QUIES,  Acinesia.
   QUINA,  Quinine — q. de Campo, Strychnos
pseudo-china — q. Quina, Cinchona.
   QUINCE  ACETAS,  SULPHAS,  Ac, see Qui-
nia) Acetas, <fcc.
   QUINCE,  Scrofula,  see  Pyrus  cydonia—q,
Tree, Pyrus cydonia.
   QUINIA, Quinine—q. Acetate of, Quiniae acetns
—q. Amorphous, see Quinia,  extract of, andChini-
oidine—q. Arseniate of, Quinia? arsenias—q. and
Cinchonia, tannate of,  Quiniae et Cinchonia? tan-
nas — q.  Arsenite of, Quiniae arsenis — q. Citrate
of,  Quiniae citras.
   Quinia, Extract of, Qui'nia sulphas impu'rus.
A preparation which consists in evaporating the
liquor poured  off the crystals of sulphate of quinia,
to the consistence of a  pilular mass.
   It has the properties of sulphate of quinia, and
its  active  principle  appears to  be  amorphous
quinia  or chinioidine.   Twenty-four  grains will
generally arrest ague.
   Quinia, Ferrocyanate, of, Quiniae ferrocyanas
— q. Hydriodate of, Quinia? hydriodas — q. Im-
pure sulphate of, Quinia, extract of—q. Iodhy-
drate of, Quinia? hydriodas—q. Iodide of, Quinia)
hydriodas—q. Iodide of iodhydrate of, see Quinia?
hydriodas—q. Ioduret of, Quiniae hydriodas — q.
and Iron, Hydriodate  of, see Quinia, Iodide of
Iodhydrate of—q. Lactate of, Quinia?  lactas—q.
and Mercury, protocbloride of, Hydrargyri et
Quiniae Protochloridum —q. Muriate of, Quiniae
murias  — q. Nitrate  of, Quiniae nitras — q.  Phos-
phate of,  Quinia? phosphas—q. Sulphate of, Qui-
nine, sulphate of. 
QUINI.E  ACETAS
  QUI'NLE ACE'TAS, Chlnium ace'ticum, A,-,'.
tas t In nil sou Chini'ni seu Chi'iiicns seu Qui'nia
sen Quina seu  Qninlni seu Kini'ui, Quina ace'-
tit-it, Acetate nfi Qui'nia or of Quinine.  Prepared
by saturating Quinia with diluted «ccric acid.
lias the properties of the other salts of Quinia.
  Quinia Arsen'ias, Quini'na seu Qni'ua Ar-
sen'ias, Chtiilnum Arsenico'sum seu Arsenic"icum,
Arseniate of Quinia  or  of Quina  or of Quinine,
(F.) Arseniate de quinine.   Formed by the union
of  arsenic acid  and quinia.   Employed as  an
imtiperiodic in the dose  of from  three quarters
of a grain  to a grain and a half in the twenty-
lour hours.
   Quinia Ar'senis,  Q.  Diar'senis, Ar'senite  of
 Quinia.  A salt resulting from  the  double de-
composition of arseniate  of pirtassa and sulphate
of quinia.  It has been used in chronic cutaneous
 diseases; and  as an  antiperiodic in  ague, neu-
 ralgia, &c.   Dose, one-third of  a grain, three
 times  a day.
   QuiNivE  Citras,  Quina seu  Chini'ni  citras,
 Citras chi'iiicns seu qui'nicus, Chlnium seu Chi-
 n'lnuni Citricum, Citrate of Quinia of Quina or
 of Quinine.   Formed from  the  union  of ci7?-?'c
 acid and quinia.  It has the same properties as
 the sulphate.
   Quini.e et Cincho'ni,e Tannas, Chini'nnm seu
 Chlnium tan'nicttm,  Tannate of Quinia and Cin-
 cho'nia. This salt has the same properties as the
 salts of  quinia in general.
   QuiNi/E Diarsenis, Quiniae Arsenis.
   Quinia  Ferrocy'anas, Chlnium ferrocyano-
 gena'tuui seu ferrohydrocyan'icum, Ferrocy'anate
 or hydrocyanoferrate of  Quinia  or of Quinine.
 This salt is obtained by the decomposition of sul-
 phate of quinia by means of a solution of ferro-
 cyanuret of potassium.  It has all the  properties
 of sulphate of quinia, and, according to some, in
 a superior degree.
   Quiniaj Hydri'odas, Chini'nnm hydriod'icnm,
 Hydriodate or Iodhydrate ofi Quinia; called, also,
 loditie'tum  seu  lod'idum  Qui'nia, Iod'nret  or
 Iodide ofi Qui'nia, (F.) Hydriodate ou Iodhydrate
 ou Iodure de Quinine.  This is formed by precipi-
 tating sulphate ofi quinia  by means of iodide of
 potassium.   Given in scrofulous affections: half
 a grain  to a grain, three times a day, to a child.
   An iodide and a biniodide  have  been  formed;
 the latter made by mixing double the quantity
 of the iodide of potassium with the sulphate of
 quinia.
   An Iodide of Iodhy'drate of Qui'nia, (F.)
 Iodure d'Iodhydrate de Quinine, is prepared by
 pouring into an acid solution of quinia a solution
 of iodide ofi iron, containing a slight excess of
 iodine.  The precipitate is  treated with  boiling
 alcohol: the liquor filtered, and crystals suffered
 to form.  The salt possesses all the properties of
 the other salts of quinia.   Under the name, Hy-
 driodate ofi iron and Quinia, a preparation has
 been introduced by Mr. Battley.   It is possessed
 of tonic and antiperiodic virtues.
   Quinia Iodidum, Quiniae hydriodas — q. Iodu-
 retiii«, Quinia? hydriodas.
   QutNi.t: Lactas, Quina lactas, Chini'nnm lac'-
 ticum. Lactate  of Quinia  or of  Quinine,  (F.)
 Lactate de quinine.   Made by the action of lactic
 acid on quinia.  Used in the same cases as the
 other salts of quinia.
   Qui'ni.f,  Mu'rias, Chlnium  muriat'icum  sen
 sali'tum seu hydrochlo'ricnin, Milrias chi'iiicns,
 Muriate of Quinia  or of Quinine.  May  be  pre-
 pared by dissolving quinia in dilute muriatic acid.
 Given  as an antiperiodic.  Dose, half a grain to
 a grain.
   Quini.e  Nitras, Chin lum seu  Chini'nnm ni'- ll
 tricum.  Nitrate  ofi  Quinia  or of Quinine,  (¥.) '
 Nitrate ou  Azotate  de quinine.   May be  formed :;
3                 QUININE
by the addition of nitric acid to quinia.  Its pro-
perties are those of the sulphate of quinia.
  Quini.h  Phosphas,  Chlnium  seu  Cliinlnum
phosphor'icum, Phosphate  of Quinia  or of  Qui-
nine :  may be prepared  by the addition of dilute
phosjthoric acid to quinia.  It is thought by many
to be next to the sulphate of quinia in its remedial
powers.
  Quinine Sulphas, Quinine, sulphate of.
  QuixijB Valeria'nas, Chini'nnm seu Chlnium
 Vttterian'icum, Valerianate ofi Quinia, of Qitinu,
or of Quinine; may be  formed by the union  of
valerianic acid with quinia. It has  the  proper-
ties of the salts of quinia.
  QUI'NICINE, Quitiici'na, Quinic"ia.   When
a salt of quinia  is  exposed to heat with certain
precautions,  the alkaloid is changed into another
isomeric  with it,  to which this name has  been
given.
  Quinicine, and  its sulphate, possess the same
medical properties as quinia and its salts.  Dose,
gr. v to gr. xv.
  QUINID'IA,  Quinidi'na, Qulnidine,  Chlni-
dine, Cin'chotin.  An alkaloid  of the cinchonas
—of many of the genuine at least—obtained  from
them by the  same process as that by which quinia
is obtained from the barks that yield it.   Its sul-
phate  is more soluble however than  the sulphate
of quinia, and it is left, therefore, in the mother
waters.
   The salts of quinidia are markedly antiperiodic.
From  gr. x  to gr. xxx will usually arrest a pa-
roxysm.
   QUININE, Qui'nia, Quina, Kini'num,  Ki'ni-
ttm, Sal essentia'le cor'tids Fcruvitlni, Chini'nnm,
 Quiriina.   An  alkaline,  uncrystallizable  sub-
stance ; under the form of a porous, whitish mass ;
almost insoluble in water,  soluble in  alcohol and
ether.  It forms, with acids, salts that are in  gen-
eral soluble.  It is  obtained from different cin-
 chonas,  but  chiefly from  the yellow, and is the
active principle  of those valuable drugs.
   Quinine, Acetate of, Quiniae  acetas — q. Ar-
 seniate of, Quinia? arsenias—q. Arsenite of,  Qui-
 niae arsenis — q. Azotate  of, Quiniae  nitras  — q.
 Citrate of,  Quinia? citras — q.  Ferrocyanate  of,
 Quinia?  ferrocyanas — q. Hydriodate  de, Quinia?
 hydriodas — q. Iodhydrate de, Quinia? hydriodas
 — q. Iodide  of, Quinia? hydriodas — q. Iodure de,
 Quiniae  hydriodas — q.  Iodure  d'iodhydrate de,
 Quinia,  iodide of iodhydrate of— q.  Lactate  of,
 Quinia? lactas—q. Muriate of, Quiniae murias—q.
 Nitrate of, Quinia? nitras—q. Phosphate of,  Qui-
 niae phosphas.
   Quinine, Quina or Quinia, Sulphate of,  Qui-
 nia seu  Qui'na  seu  Qitini'na Sulphas,  Quina
 Disul'phas,  Chlnium  seu  Chini'nnm Siiljthu'ri-
 cum, (¥.) Sulfate de  Quinine — the  salt usually
 employed in medicine—occurs in needles  of a
 pearly and  satiny appearance.   It is employed
 with great success in  the  treatment  of intermit-
 tents ; and is available in  many cases, where the
 bark in substance could not be retained, or would
 be injurious. Dose, as a tonic from 3 to 10 grains
 in  the 24 hours.   As an  antiperiodic it may bo
 carried much farther.   Its  action,  in a large  dose,
 is decidedly sedative.   It is obtained,  by treating
 the yellow bark with sulphuric acid.  The follow-
 ing form is adopted in the Pharmacopoeia of the
 United States,— Cinchon. flat-, in pulv. crass,  ftiv;
 Acid,  muriat. f.^iij : Calcis, in  pulv. ^v;  Aqua,
 cong.  v : Acid.  Sulphur.,  Alcohol; Carb",,. ani-
 mal, aa q. s.  Boil the  bark in one-third of the
 water  mixed  with  one-third  of the  muriatic
 acid, and strain through linen.  Boil  the residue
 twice  successively with the same quantity of acid
 and water as before, and strain.  Mix the decoc-
 tions,  and, while the liquor is hot, gradually add
 the  lime, previously mixed with two pints  of 
QUININISM               784               RACIIIDIAN
water, stirring constantly, until the quinia is com-
pletely precipitated.  Wash the precipitate with
distilled water, and having pressed and dried it,
digest it in boiling alcohol.  Pour off the liquor
and repeat the digestion several times, until the
alcohol  is no  longer rendered  bitter.  Mix  the
liquors,  and distil off the alcohol, until a brown
viscid mass remains.  Upon this substance, re-
moved from the vessel, pour about half a gallon
of distilled water, and having heated the mixture
to the boiling point, add as much  sulphuric acid
as may be necessary to dissolve the impure alkali.
Then add an ounce and a half of animal charcoal;
boil for  two minutes; filter the liquor while hot,
and set it aside to crystallize.  Should the liquor,
before filtration, be entirely neutral,  acidulate it
very slightly with sulphuric acid.  Should  it, on
the contrary, change the colour  of litmus  paper
to a bright red, add more animal charcoal.   Sep-
arate the crystals from the liquor, dissolve them
in boiling water slightly acidulated with sulphu-
ric acid, add  a little animal charcoal, filter  and
set aside to  crystallize.   Wrap the crystals in
bibulous paper, and dry with a gentle heat.  The
mother-waters maybe made to yield an additional
quantity of sulphate of quinia by precipitating
the quinia with solution of ammonia, and treating
the precipitated alkali with water, sulphuric acid,
and animal charcoal, as before.
   Quinine, Tannate  of, Quinia? et cinchonia?
tannas — q. Valerianate of, Quiniae valerianas.
   QUI'NINISM,  Quininis'mns,  Quinism,  Cin'-
chonism, (¥.) Inebriation ou Ivresse quinique.  The
aggregate  of  encephalic or neuropathic pheno-
mena induced by over-doses of quinia.
   QUINOIDINE, Chinioidine.
   Q UIN Q U E F 0 L I IT M, Potentilla reptans —
Quinquefoliura majus, Potentilla  reptans.
   QUINQUINA, Cinchona—q. Aromatique, Cro-
ton cascarilla — q. Bicolor, Cinchonae  Caribaeae
cortex — q. Faux de Virginie, Cusparia febrifuga
—q. Gris de Loxa, Cinchonae lancifoliae cortex—
R.
  R or R is  placed  at the commencement of a
prescription, as a contraction  of Rec"ipe.  (See
Abbreviation.)  Originally, it was the sign "ty of
Jupiter, and was placed at the top of a formula,
to propitiate the king of the gods, that the com-
pound might act favorably.
  RABDOIDES,  (SUTURA.) Sagittal suture.
  RABID, Rab'idus, (¥.) Rabique,  Rabiiique,
from  rabies,  (rabo,  ' I am mad  or furious,')
'canine  madness.'   That which belongs to  hy-
drophobia: as rabid virus, <fcc.  Rabid also means
affected with hydrophobia, (F.) Enragi.
  RABIEIQUE, Rabid.
  RABIES CANINA, Hydrophobia.
  RABIQUE, Rabid.
  RACAHOUT, Am'ylum  quer'neum.  A name
given by the Arabs to the starch prepared from
an edible acorn obtained from Quercus Ilex, but,
according to Plagge, the so called Racahout of
the Arabs,  sold  in   Paris,  is a  compound of
potatoe  starch,  chocolate, and aromatics, — as
vanilla.
  RACCOON BERRY, Podophyllum montanum.
  RACE, from rad ice, abl. of radix, ' root,' breed.
The union or aggregate of individuals whose con-
q. Jaune, Cinchona? cordifolia* cortex—q. Orange,
Cinchona' lancifoliae cortex—7. Piton, Cinchona;
Cariba?a? cortex—q. Rouge, Cinchona; oblongifo-
liae cortex.
  QUINQUINO, Myroxylon peruiferum.
  QUINSY, Cynanche, C. tonsillaris—q. Nervous,
Angone — q. Wolf, Lycanche.
  QUINTAN, Febris quinta'na seu pempta'a seu
quinta; from  quintus,  'a  fifth.'  A fover  whoso
paroxysms return  only every  five days  inclu-
sively ;  and  between  which  there  are,  conse-
quently, three days of apyrexia.
  QUINTE, (F.)  This word  is  used  synony-
mously with paroxysm or fit, when speaking of
cough,—-as »?ie Quinte  de  Toux—'a fit of cough-
ing,' (Sc.) Kink.   Also, the influenza.
  QUIATEFEU1LLE, Potentilla reptans.
  QUINTERON,  see  Mulatto —q.  black, see
Mulatto.
  QUINTES, see Quinte, and Pertussis.
  QUINTESSENCE,  Quinta Essen'tia.  A name
formerly  given to  alcohol, impregnated with the
principles of some drug.  It was, consequently,
often synonymous with Alcoholic  tincture. The
most volatile  principles  of  bodies were, also,
called Quintes'sences.
  QUINTISTERN'AL.   The fifth osseous por-
tion of the sternum.   It corresponds to the 5th
and 6th intercostal spaces.
  QUINUA, Chenopodium quinoa.
  QUOTIDTAN,  Quotidia'nus, Ephe'merus, (¥.)
Qnotidien—itself from quotidii,  'daily.'   That
which takes place every day.
  Quotid'ian  Fever, Q. ague, Febris quotidia'na
seu hemere'sia seu heme'rina seu ephe'tnera  seu
m etheme'r ina sen meth erne'ria, An'etns quotidia'nus,
Cathe'merus,  Cathemer'inus, Methemer'inos, Am-
phemer'inos, Amphimer'inns, Amphe'merits, Quo-
tidia'nus,  (¥.) Fievre quotidienne,  is an intermit-
tent, the  paroxysms of which recur every day.
  A simple, double, or  triple quotidian, is  a quo-
tidian, which has one, two, or three paroxysms in
the 24 hours.
formation or particular condition differs percep-
tibly from  those of  neighbouring varieties.  In
the human species, several races are designated.
See Homo.
  RACEMEUX, Racemosus.
  RACEMO'SUS, Rac"emous, Rac"emose,  (¥.)
Racimeux.  In clusters, like grapes.
  RAC'EMUS.  A  cluster — as of grapes.
  RACHAMEL'CA, from  Hebr. Dm (rechem),
' the womb,' and ")70 (molech), ' a king :' Recha-
mal'ca. A peculiar formative principle, supposed,
by Dolaeus, to exist in  the uterus.
  RACHE, Porrigo.
  RACHLEI, Rhachitae.
  RACHIALGIA, Colic, metallic, Rhachiodynia,
Vertebral disease—r. Mesenterica, Tabes mesen-
terica—r. Pictoniensium, Colic,  metallic—r. Pic-
tonum, Colic, metallic.
  RACHIALGIE  MESENTERIQUE,  Tabes
mesenterica.
  RACHIALGITIS, Rhachialgitis.
  RACHIDIAN, Spinal.—r. Arteries, Spinal ar-
teries—r. Bulb, see Medulla oblongata—r. Canal,
Vertebral canal. 
RACniDIEN
785
RADIALIS
   RACHIDIEN, Spinal.
   RACHIOPHYMA, Rachiphyma.
   RACHIPHY'MA,  Rhachijthy'ma, Rachiojthy-
 ma, Tumor Dorsi, from 'pa^if, 'the  spine,'  and
 tjrvpa, ' a tumour.'  A tumour on the  spine or on
 the back.
   RACHIS, Vertebral column.
   RACIIIS'AGRA, Rhachis'agra,  Rhach'iagra,
 Rhaclleagra, Rhachid'agra,  Rhachltis spina'lis,
 from 'paxts, 'the spine,'  and  aypa, 'a seizure.' A
 gouty or rheumatic affection  of the spine.
   RACHITiE, Rhachita?.
   RACHITIC,  Rachit'icns,  Rhachilicus,   (¥.)
 Rachitique.   Same etymon   as  the  next.   Re-
 lating or appertaining to, or affected with rickets.
 Weak, feeble in the joints; defective in develop-
 ment.
   RACHI'TIS,  Rhachltis,   from  'paxn,  'the
 spine,' and itis, a suffix denoting inflammation.
 Inflammation of the  spine.  Also,  Cyrto'sis Ra'-
 chia, Cyrton'osus, Morbus Ang'licus, Osteomala'cia
 Infan'tum, Tabes pector'ea ; Inmttritio ossium, Spi-
 na nodo'sa, Rach itis'mus, English disease,Rickets ;
 from 'paxn, 'the spine,' (F.j  Rachitisme, Nouure.
 A disease characterized by  crookedness of the
 long bones; swelling of their extremities ; crooked
 spine; prominent abdomen ; large head; and often
 precocity of intellect.   It is accompanied by lean-
 ness, general debility, indigestion ; and frequently
 induces atrophy and hectic.   Rickets occurs, par-
 ticularly, during the first  years of existence, in
 weakly children,  born  of rickety  or scrofulous
 parents; brought up in  damp or confined situa-
 tions; who are badly  nourished, and do not take
 sufficient exercise.  The progress and termination
 of the disease are very variable.  Some children
 gradually  recover  their health: others become
 more and  more deformed, and ultimately die of
 consumption, dropsy, or other organic disease.
 The treatment is  almost wholly hygienic.  Pure
 air; a healthy situation; nourishing diet; exer-
 cise; sea  or common cold bathing, and tonics,
 afford the best prospect of success.
   Rachitis Adultorum, Mollities ossium.
   RACHITISME, Rachitis.
   RACHITOME, from payis, 'spine,'and repvciv,
 'to cut.'  An anatomical instrument for opening
 the medullas spinalis without injuring the  me-
 dulla.
   RACHO'SIS, Rhacho'sis, Rako'sis, from 'po^oui,
 or 'paxotii, 'I wrinkle.'  A relaxation of the scro-
 tum.  Propto'ma seu lax'itas Scroti,  Scrotum
 pen'dulum.   An excoriation  of the relaxed scro-
 tum.
   RACINE A BECQUET,  Geranium moscha-
 tum—r. de Bengal, Cassumuniar—r. Brisilienne,
 Ipecacuanha — r.  de  Chareis, Dorstenia contra-
 yerva—r. de Chine, Smilax china—r. de Dr-acke,
 Dorstenia contrayerva — r. des PhiUpjtines, Dor-
 stenia contrayerva—;-. de Safran, Curcuma longa
 —r. de Saint Esprit, Angelica—r. Salivaire, An-
 themis pyrethrum — r. de  Turbeth, Convolvulus
 turpethum.
   RACINES DU CERVELET, Corpora resti-
 formia.
   RACLURES DES BOY AUX,  Ramenta in-
 testinorum.
   RACORNISSEMENT  (¥.), from  racomir,
 (cornu, ' horn,') 'to make hard  as  horn.'  Cor'-
 nification.   A  physical  property, possessed by
 animal substances, which consists in a kind of
 contractility, accompanied with sudden corruga-
 tion and curling.   It is produced by heat, and by
 chemical agents, especially  by the strong mineral
 acids.
  RADCLIFFE'S ELIXIR, see Tinctura aloes
Composita.
  RADESYGE, Radzyge.
  RADEZYGE, Radzyge.
      50
    RADIAD, see Radial aspect.
    RA'DIAL, Radia'lis, from radius, 'a bone of
  the forearm.'   That which relates to the radius.
    RADIAL ANTERIEUR, Palmaris magnus.
    Radial Artery, A. extern'a Cu'biti.  It arises
  from the brachial, at the upper and anterior part
  of the forearm: descends on the outer side as far
  as the  lower part of  the  radius,  and proceeds
  downwards and backwards  towards the superior
  extremity of the space which separates the first
  two metacarpal bones.  It  then  buries itself in
  the  palm of the hand, where it forms the pro-
  found or radial palmar arch.  The radial  artery-
  gives off the recurrent radial, several radio-mus-
  cular branches, the transverse palmar radio-carpal
  artery,  the external superficial artery of the palm
  ofi the hand, the external dorsal ofi the thumb, tbe
  dorsalis carpi, dorsal interosseous  artery  of  the
  in ilex, &c.
    Radial Aspect.  An aspect towards the side
  on which the radius is situated. — Barclay.  Ra-
  diad is used by the same writer, adverbially, to
  signify  'towards the radial aspect.'
    RADIAL EXTERNE  PREMIER, see  Ra-
  dialis—r. Externe second, see  Radialis—?-. Grand,
  see Radialis.
    Radial Nerve,  Radio-digital  (Ch.), Spiral.
  Nerve,  Sjjiral muscular N,  Mtisculo-sjtiial nerve,
  arises from the four inferior branches of the bra-
  chial plexus.  It is, at first, situate behind  tbe
  other nerves of the plexus.   It then becomes  en-
  gaged between the three portions of the triceps
  brachialis, passes behind the humerus, and  de-
  scends  between  the supinator longus and bra-
  chialis  internus, as far as opposite the upper ex-
  tremity of the  radius.   In its course it gives nu-
  merous filaments to the triceps, supinator longus,
  extensor carpi  radialis  longior, and to the inte-
  guments.  Opposite the upper extremity of  tbe
  radius  it divides  into  two  branches; — the one
  posterior, which turns backwards  into the suh-
  stance  of the supinator brevis, and when it has
  reached the space between the two  layers  of
  muscles on the posterior surface of the forearm,
  divides  into a  great number of filaments, which
  are distributed to those muscles, and to the inte-
  guments of the hand.   The other branch is ante.
  rior: it descends before the supinator  brevis and
  the radius; until, near the inferior third of that
  bone, it engages itself between the tendons of the
  supinator longus and extensor carpi radialis lon-
  gior; and,  becoming  afterwards  subcutaneous,
  divides  into two  branches, whose  filaments  are
  distributed  to  the integuments  of the thumb,
  index, middle finger, to the outside of the ring
  finger, and to the first  interosseous muscle of the
  back of the hand.
    RADIAL  PETIT, see Radialis.
    Radial Veins, Deep-Seated, follow the same
  course as the radial artery.
    RADIA'LIS EXTER'NUS  BRE'VIOR, Ex-
  ten'sor Carpi Radialis  Bre'vior, Radialis secun-
  dns, (¥.) Second radial externe,  Petit radial,
  Epicovdylo-sus-mitacarpien, (Ch.)  An extensor
  muscle of the wrist, situate  beneath the extensor
  carpi radialis longior.   It is attached,  above, to
  the external tuberosity of the humerus, and ter-
  minates below, by a long  tendon,  inserted into
  the posterior part  of the upper extremity of the
  third bone of the metacarpus.  It has the same
  uses as  the next muscle.
    Radia'lis  Exter'nus   Lon'gior,  Extensor
  Carpi Radia'lis Lon'gior, Radialis  externus pri-
  mus, (F.) Premier radial externe.  Grand radial,
j  Htimiro sus-mitacarpien,' (Ch.)  It  is seated  nt
  the outer part of the forearm; is thin, but thicker
  on the outside than on  the inside.   It is attached,
I above, to the inferior part of the outer edge, and 
RADIATED
780
RA1DEUR
to the corresponding tuberosity, of the humerus; I
and  terminates, below, by  a long tendon, which
is attached to the superior extremity of the second
bone of the metacarpus.  It extends the hand on
the forearm.
   Radialis  Externus  Primus,  R. Externus
longior — r. Extensor longior, R. Externus lon-
gior—r. Internus, Palmaris magnus—r. Secuudus,
R. Externus longior.
   RAD'IATED, Radia'tus, from radius, 'a ray ;'
(F.) Raynnni.   That which is arranged in rays;
in lines, diverging  from  a common centre.  An
epithet given  to several ligaments, <fec.; as to
those which unite the ribs to the  sternum ; those
which unite the tibia and fibula at their inferior
extremity, &c.
   Radiated  Substance  of  the   Kidney, see
Kidney.
   RAD'ICAL,  Radica'lis,  from radix, radicis,
' a root.'  A radical cure, cura radica'lis, is one
in which the disease is destroyed, as it were, from
the  root.  It  is used in opposition to palliative
cure.
   Radical Moisture, Humidum radicale.
   Radical Vessels, Vas'eulur Rael'icles,  (¥.)
Radicules vasculaires, are the small vessels that
take their  origin in the  tissues,  and by  their
union form larger vessels.
   RADICES  OSSIS  HYOIDEI,  Cornua  ossis
hyoidei.
   RADICIS'ECA, from radix, radicis, 'a  root,'
 and secure, 'to cut.'  One  employed in collecting
 and preparing plants was formerly  so called.
   RADICULA, Raphanus hortensis.
   RADICULES VASCULAIRES, Radical ves-
 sels.
   RADII CILTARES, Ciliary processes.
   Radii  Frontis.   The folds  or wrinkles of the
 forehead.
   RA'DIO,  from radius.   In  composition,  re-
 lating  or belonging to the radius, a bone of the
 forearm.
   Radio-Carpal, Radio-carpia'nus. That which
 relates to the radius and carpus.
   Radio-Carpal Articulation is the wrist joint,
  or articulation of the os scaphoides, os semilunare,
  and os cuneiforme of the carpus with the inferior
  surface of the radius, and the fibro-cartilage, situ-
  ate below the  ulna.   It is strengthened by lateral,
  anterior, and posterior ligaments.
   Radio-Carpal Transverse Palmar Artery,
  (F.) Artere  Radio- carpienne-transversale-pal-
  maire.  A transverse branch,  given off by the
  radial artery,  opposite the lower edge of  the pro-
  nator quadratus, which sends several branches to
  the anterior or palmar surface of the carpus.
   RADIO CUT ANE (NERF,) see Cutaneous—
  r. Phalangettien du pouce, Flexor  longus pollicis
  manus.
   RADIOLUS, Sound.
   RADIO-MUS'CULAR, Radio-muscula'ris.   A
  name given to the branches sent off from the ra-
  dial artery to tbe muscles of the forearm in the
  first part of its course;  as well as  to the nervous
  filaments which the radial nerve  sends  to the
  same muscles.
   RADIS, Raphanus  hortensis — r. de Cheval,
  Cochlearia armoracia.
   RADISH, Raphanus hortensis—r. Water, Nas-
  turtium amphibium.
   RADIUS, ' a spoke :'—so called from its shape.
  Cercis, Foe"He minus seu  superius, Carina minor,
  Os ad cubita'le, Additamerltum ulna, Manu'briiim
  mantis, Parape'chyon,  Aruu'do bra'chii minor,
  [¥.) Os dn Rayon.  A  long, prismatic bone, the
  upper and lesser extremity of which is called the
  head.  This  is supported by a  cervix  or  neck.
  At  the part where the.  neck is  confounded with
  the body of the bone is the tubercle or  bicipital
tuberosity or  eminence for the insertion of the
biceps.  The  radius is articulated, above,  with
the os humeri and with the lesser sigmoid cavity
of the ulna :  below, with the scaphoides,  semilu-
nare, and the head of the ulna.   Its inferior ex-
tremity, which is larger than the superior, is flat-
tened before  and behind: is irregularly  quadri-
lateral ; and  has, below, a double facette  to be
articulated with the first two bones of the carpus.
On the outer  side is the styloid process;  and, on
the inner, a concave facette, which joins the  ulna.
Behind, are grooves for the passage of the exten-
sor tendons.  The radius is developed from  three
points of ossification; one for tbe  body, and one
for each  extremity.
   RADIUS,  COL DU, Collum radii.
   RA'DIX, genitive, radicis,  Rhiza.  A  root:
also, the male organ.
   Radix, Root or fang of a tooth, is the part con-
tained in the alveolus.  The radix or root of the
nail is the portion hidden  under the  skin, <fec.
Surgeons give the name to prolongations, sent by
scirrhous, cancerous,  or  other tumours  into the
neighbouring parts.
   Five  Aperient Roots,  Quinque radices  ape-
rien'tes, were, of old, asparagus, butchers' broom,
fennel, parsley, and smallage.
   Five  Lesser Aperient Roots, Quinque  radices
aperierl tes   mino'res, were  caper,  dandelion,
eryngo, madder, and rest-harrow.
   Radix Asclepiadis Crispa,  see Gomphocar-
pus crispus — r.  Braziliensis, Ipecacuanha.
   Radix Cordis, Basis Cordis.  The base of the
heart.
   Radix Ginseno, see Panax quinquefolium — r.
Indiea  Lopeziana, Lopez  radix — r. Lingua?, see
Tongue — r.  Lopeziana, Lopez radix — r. Ninsi,
Panax schinseng, Sium ninsi—r. Rubra, Rubia—
r. Serpentum, see Ophiorrhiza mungos — r. Un-
guis, Nail, root of—r. Ventris, Umbilicus.
   RADULA, Raspatorium.
   RADZYGE,  Radzygin,  Radesyge, Radezr/ge,
 Tha'ria, (properly Theria, from  dnptov, (-i\kos,)
'a malignant ulcer.') Lejrra borea'lis seu Nor-
veg"ica, Norwe'gian Lep'rosy.  A name given, in
Norway, to a disease, bearing considerable ana-
logy to the yaws.  Some have esteemed it a spe-
cies of lepra or elephantiasis.
   Another form — the Spcdalske, or Spedalskhed
— of Norway, appears to be  a  variety of tuber-
cular lepra.  Under the epithelial scales, numerous
acari have been found ; and the affection has been
called Sca'bies crusto'sa, and Sca'bies Norveg"ica
 Boeck'ii, after Boeck, who well  described a case
 of it.
   RAFFLE'SIA ARNOLDT.  A plant  of Java.
 Order,  Rafflesiacea?, a decoction of which is em-
 ployed there as an  astringent in relaxed con-
 ditions of the genito-urinary apparatus.
   RAFRAlCHISSANT, Refrigerant.
   RAGE, Ira, Furor brevis,  Orge, Thymos, (F.)
 Colere, Rage.  Violent passion, characterized  by
 contraction of the muscles of  the face, violence in
 every movement, extreme  irritation  of  the ner-
 vous system, acceleration of the blood's motion,
 and, generally,  redness and swelling of  tbe face.
   Rage, Rhage.
   RAGE, Hydrophobia, Rage.
   RAGE DE  TETE.  An  epidemic and fatal
 malady, which prevailed  in  France in 1481.  It
 was presumed to be epidemic meningitis.
   RAGWEED,  Ambrosia  elatior —r.  Golden,
 Senecio aurens — r. Great, Ambrosia trifida.
   RAGWORT, Senecio Jacobaea.
   RAIA BATIS, and R. CLAVATA, see  Oleum
jecoris aselli.
    RAIDEUR,  Rigidity —r.  Cadavirique, Rigor
 mortis. 
RAIFORT               787                 RANDIA
  RAIFORT, Raphanus hortensis — ?-. Sauvage,
Cochlearia armoracia.
  RAINBOW WORM, Herpes iris.
  RAINURE, Groove — r. Digaslrique, Mastoid
groove.
  RAISIN, see  Vitis vinifera — r.  d'Amirique,
Phytolacca decandra — r.  de  Bois,  Vaccinium
myrtillus — r. d'Onrs,  Arbutus uva ursi—r.  de
Renurd, Paris.
  RAISING, Expectoration.
  RAISINIERE  (¥.), from  raisin, 'a  grape.'
A name given to a small granular, brownish or
blackish tumour, which forms  occasionally at the
surface of the cornea, in consequence of ulcers or
accidental wounds of that membrane. — Nysten.
  RAISINS, Uva? passae, see  Vitus vinifera — r.
de Corinthe, see Vitus Corinthiaca.
  RAISON, Reason.
  RAKASIRA.   An  American  balsam; of  a
brownish or brownish-red colour; semi-transpa-
rent; brittle;  softening and becoming tenacious
by  heat;  inodorous  when  cold, but  exhaling a
very agreeable smell when heated; and  possessing
a balsamic and slightly bitter taste.  The  precise
vegetable that furnishes it is not known.   It has
been used chiefly as  a  balsam  in gonorrhoea and
urinary, affections.
  RAKE-TEETH.  A term, used in  the  North
of England for teeth which are wide  apart, and
similar to those of a  rake.
  RAKIA, see Spirit.
  RAKOSIS, Rachosis.
  RALE (¥.),  Rattle, Rhonchus,  Rhenchtts,
Rhenxis, from (D.)  Ratel; Rhoncus, Cerchnus,
Rhogmos: (probably  an example of onomatopoeia.)
Noise  produced by  the  air in passing through
mucus,  of which the  lungs are  unable  to free
themselves.  This condition is chiefly observed at
the approach of death, and  is  commonly called,
" the rattles."
  The term  Rdle has been  given to different
sounds  during respiration, caused by the air in
connection with  fluid contained in the bronchi,
or areola?  of the  pulmonary  tissue;  which are
perceived by the stethoscope.
  RALE BRONCHIQUE SEC, Rdle sonore—r.
Bronchique humide,  R. muqueiix—r. Carerneux,
Gurgling—r. Cavernuleux, see  Gurgling—r. Cri-
 pitant, Rhonchus crep'itans, see Crepitant — ?-. c.
Redux, see Crepitant.
  RALE MUQUEUX,  R. bronchique humide,
Rhon'cus muco'sus, Hygrobronchiorrhorlchits, Mu-
cous Rattle.  The  sound produced by the pas-
sage of air through  mucus  accumulated  in the
larger bronchi or trachea, or  through softened
tubercular matter.  This rdle  occurs in catarrh,
nnd in softened tubercle.  When carried to a very
high degree,  it constitutes gurgling, (¥.) Gargnu-
illement.  The  subcrejr'itant rhonchus, (¥.) Rate
sous-crijritant, is produced by  the bubbling of air
through liquid of variable consistence in  the mi-
nute bronchial tubes.  When  heard at the base
of both lungs, it is a sign of capillary  bronchitis.
When heard at ono base only, it is generally con-
nected with tuberculosis higher up.
  RALE SIBILANT, Rhon'chus sib'ilus seu sib'-
ilttns,  Sib'ilant Rattle.  A slight,  though pro-
longed, whistling sound, occurring either  at the
commencement  of inspiration, or of expiration,
owing to the presence of mucus, thin and viscid,
but not abundant, which obstructs, more  or less
completely, the  smaller  bronchial  ramifications.
It is seated in tbe small  tubes, and occurs in the
first stage of bronchitis.  The clicking and whist-
ling varieties  differ, in the former being short,
the latter  prolonged.  The former  is a quick,
sharp sibilus  or whistle, which censes  almost  in-
 stantaneously ;  the latter a prolonged sibilus, of
 less sharpness, lasting almost the whole time of
 the movement which it accompanies.  To these
 may be added the hissing variety, the name suffi-
 ciently indicating its character.
   RALE SONORE, It.  bronchique  sec ou ro?i-
 fiant,  Rhonchus sono'rus, Sono'rous Rattle.   A
 sound resembling at times the snoring—(F.) Ron-
 fiement—of a person asleep; at others the sound
 of the bass string of  an instrument when rubbed
 with the finger,  and not unfrequently the cooing
 —(F.) Rottcoulement—of a dove.  It seems to be
 caused by  a contraction of the  bronchial  tubes,
 and is characteristic of chronic catarrh.
   RALE  SOUS-CREPITANT, see Rdle mu-
 queiix— r. Visicidaire, see Crepitation.
   RAM EAU, Ramus.
   RAMBERGE, Mercurialis.
   RAMEN'TA   INTESTINO'RUM, Scrajrings
 ofthe  Intestines, (F.) Raclnres des Boyaux.  The
 shreds or  scrapings, as it  were, of the mucous
 membrane of the bowels, often discharged in ma-
 lignant  dysentery.   The  evacuation  in  which
 these are contained has been termed Diachore'ma
 xysmato'des.
   RAMENTUM, Fragment, Scobs.
   RAMEX, Hernia—r. Varicosus, Varicocele.
   RAMIFICA'TION, Ramifica'tio, from ramus,
 'a branch,' and fio, "to  become.'  A division of
 arteries, veins, or nerves into branches.   Also, a
 branch itself.
   RAMILLE, Ramusculus.
   RAMOLLISSEMENT, Mollities —r. du  Cer-
 veax,  Mollities cerebri—r. du Coeur, Cardiomala-
 cia—r. de  I'Estomac, Gastromalacia—r.  du Foie,
 Hepatomalacia—r. Gris, see Hepatization—)-. de
 la Moelle ijtiniere, Mollities medulla? spinalis —
 ?-. Rouge, see Hepatization—r.  de llntestin, En-
 tero-malacia—r. des  Os. Mollities ossium.
   RAMPANT (¥.), from  ramper,  'to climb.'
 Repens,  Reptans.  That which  creeps or crawls.
 The  French  Bandage ramjtant  has the  folds
 arranged spirally around the  part, leaving in-
 tervals  between  them.   It is  a  retentive ban-
 dage,  but  is easily displaced, and, therefore, not
 employed.
   RAM PES DU  LIMA CON,  Scala?  of the
 cochlea.
   RAMPIIOS,  Rostrum.
   RAMULUS,  Ramusculus.
   RAMUNCULUS, Ramusculus.
   RAMUS,  Clados,  a branch, (F.)  Rameau.  A
 division of an arter}', vein, or  nerve.  Also, the
 male organ.
   Ramus Durior Septimas Conjugations, Fa-
 cial nerve.
   RAMUS'CULUS,  Ram'ulus,   Raimin'culus,
 Sur'cuius,  Cladis'cos,  diminutive of ramus,  'a
 branch.'   A division of a  ramus.  (F.) Rarnus-
 cule. Ramillc.
   RAN A  ESCULEN'TA,  'esculent frog,' (F.)
 Grenouille.  This frog and  the bull-frog, Rarra
 Taurlna — are  eaten as delicacies.  They are
 nutritious, and  easily digested.
   Rana. Ranula.
   RANGE, Rancid.
   RANCID,  Ran'cidlts, Sapros. (¥.) Rnnce,from
 rancere, 'to be  stale.'  An  epithet given to fatty
 bodies, which have become acrid  from age or the
 contact of air.  Mild ointments may  thus become
 very  irritating, nnd unfit  for  the  purposes for
 which thev were oricinallv intended.
   RAN'DIA DUMETO'RUM.A'. Spino'sa, Cail-
 thium  Corona'tum,   Garden't'a  seu  PaMitjue'na
 Dttrnetn'rum seu Spino'sa.  A Coromandel shrub:
 Ord. Cinchonaca? :  the fruit of  which,  bruised
' and  thrown on the water, intoxicates, or even 
RA.NDIA SPINOSA          788               RAPPORT
kills fish.   In the form of powder, it is a power-
ful emetic.
   RANDIA  SPINOSA, R. dumetorum.
   RANINE,  Rani'na;  from  Rana,  'a  frog.'
The termination of the lingual artery is so called ;
that is, the portion ofthe artery which advances
horizontally between  the genio-glossus and lin-
gualis muscles as far as  the point of the tongue.
The ranine vein follows  the  same course as  the
artery, and opens into the internal jugular or in-
to the superior thyroid.
   RANTREE, Sorbus acuparia.
   RAN'ULA, diminutive of rana, ' a frog,'  So
called from its resemblance ;  Dysjrha'gia Ranula,
Emphrag'ma saliva're,  Ba'trachos, Batra'chium,
Hydroglos'sa, Hypoglossis, Hyjroglossum, Hyjto-
glot'tis, Hyproglos'sium,  Rana, Frog Tongue, (¥.)
Grenouillette.  A small, soft,  fluctuating, and
semi-transparent tumour, which forms under the
tongue, owing to the accumulation of saliva in
Wharton's duct.  In  order to give exit to the ac-
cumulated fluid, and to establish a permanent
opening for the discharge of the saliva, the cyst
may be punctured, and  the  opening maintained
by a minute cylinder, with a button at each  ex-
tremity, as  has  been recommended by  Dupuy-
tren ;  or a portion of the cyst may be removed by
the  scissors, and  the mouth be frequently washed
by any astringent lotion.   Sometimes, the sali-
vary duct is found plugged by a small calculus.
   Ranula Lapidea, see Calculi, salivary.
   RANUN'CULUS,  (F.) Renoncule, (Sc.) Yellow
gowan, Ord. Ranuneulacea? ;  Sex. Syst.  Polyan-
dria Polygynia. Diminutive of ra?ia, 'a frog,' be-
 cause found in marshy places where frogs abound.
A genus of plants, most of the species of which,
when taken  internally,  act as acrid poisons.  See
 Poison. They are, also,  acrid and vesicant, when
 applied to the skin,  and have accordingly been
 often  used as counter-irritants.  The following
 species answer to this description.
   Ranunculus Abortivus, Small-flowered Crow-
 foot,  Chicken-pepper.
   Ranunculus Acris, R.praten'sis seu Sieven'ii
 seu ru'fiiilus seu sylvat'icus seu Sic'ulus,  Upright
 Meadow or  Tall Crow foot, Butter Cujts, (Prov.)
 Craisey, Guilty Cups, Yellow-weed, Blister-toeed,
 Pilewort, Burwort, Meadow-bloom, Yellows, (¥.),
 Bouton d'or.
   Ranunculus Albus,  Anemone nemorosa.
   Ranunculus Aquaticus,  R. sceleratus.
   Ranunculus Bulbo'sus, R. latus, Ranunculus
 (Ph. U. S.), Bulbous  or  Bulbous-rooted Crowfoot,
 Butter Cups, (¥.) Renoncule  bulbeuse, Bassinet.
   Ranunculus Digitatus, R. sceleratus.
   Ranunculus Declinatus, R.  flammula.
   Ranunculus  Fica'ria, R. vernus seu  pracox,
 Chelido'ninm minus,  Scrophula'ria minor,  Fica'-
 ria ranuriculoi'des seu verna seu commu'nis, Che-
 lido'nia  rotundifo'lia  minor,  Cureu'ina hamor-
 rhoida'lis herba, jEgole'thron, Lesser  celandine,
 Pilewort,  (¥.) Petite Chilidoine, Petite  Eclaire,
 Ficaire,  Herbe  aux  himorrhoides.  The  leaves
 and root have been used medicinally ;—the leaves
 as an antiscorbutic;  the root as a cataplasm in
 piles.
   Ranunculus Flam'miila, R.declina'tus, Flam'-
 mula,  Surrec'ta alba,  Smaller Water Crowfoot,
 Lesser Spearwort, (¥.) Petite Douve.
   Ranunculus Illyricus.
   Ranunculus Lingua.
   Ranunculus  Lactus. R. bulbosus—r. Nemo-
 rosus, Anemone  nemorosa — r. Palustris, R. sce-
 leratus — r.  Pratensis, R. acris.
   Ranunculus  Pennsylvanicus, Bristly Crow-
 foot.
   Ranunculus Precox, R. ficaria.
   Ranunculus  Pubes'cens.  Grows  in  ditches
 and  marshes in South Africa.  The  expressed
juice is used by the Cape Colonists in cancerous
ulcers.
  Ranunculus Repens, Creeping  Crowfoot—r.
Rufulus, R. acris.
  Ranunculus Scelera'tus, R. Palus'tris sen
umbella'tus seu digita'tus seu aquat'icus, Risus
A'pittm, Herba Sardo'nia, Herba Scelera'ta, He-
cato'nia palus'tris, Marsh or  Crushed or  Celery-
leaved Crowfoot.
  Ranunculus Siculus, R. acris — r.  Stevenii,
R. acris — r. Umbellatus, R. sceleratus — r. Ver-
nus, R. ficaria — r. Virginianus,  Lobelia  syphili-
tica.
  RAPA  NAPUS,  Brassica rapa — r. Rotunda,
Brassica rapa.
  RAPE, Brassica napus, Stuprum.
  RAPHANE'DON, from 'patpavts, *a radish, like
a radish.'  Rhajrhunedon. A transverse fracture
of a long bone, leaving no splinters ; — what has
been called, in France, Fracture en rave.
  RAPHA'NIA, Convulsio Raphania, Rhapha'-
nia, Morbus spasmotlicus malig'mts seu jtnpnltl-
ris seu  Sile'siacus,  Eclamjt'sia typho''ties, Sync'-
lonus Raphania.  Linn»us gives this name to a
convulsive disease,  not uncommon  in Germany
and Sweden, and which has been attributed to
the  seeds of the  Raph'anus  Rajihanis'trum seu
sylves'tris, Raphanis'trum seg"etnm  seu  arvense,
Rapistrum, being mixed  with the corn. The con-
vulsions are seated  in the limbs, and are attended
with acute pain.  See Convulsio cerealis.
  Raphania Maiztica, Pellagra.
  RAPHANIS, Raphanus hortensis-~r.  Magna,
Cochlearia armoracia.
  RHAPHANISTRUM ARVENSE,  sec Ra-
phania.
  RAPHANUS, R. hortensis.
  Raph'anus Horten'sis, Raphanus, R. sati'vim
seu  niger,  Raph'anis,  Rhapllanns, Riidic'ula,
Rhaphys, Raphys,  Rhaps, Rapys, Radish, (F.)
Raifort,  Radis.   Ord.  Crucifera?.   Sex. Syst.
Tetradynamia Siliquosa.  The root  of this plant
is a common esculent.   It has, also, been given
as a diuretic in calculous affections.  The juice,
made into a syrup,  is exhibited to relieve hoarse-
ness. Radishes  have  long  been celebrated  as
anti-scorbutics.
   Raphanus Marinus,  Cochlearia  armoracia —
r. Raphanistrum, see Raphania—r. Rusticanus,
Cochlearia armoracia — r. Sylvestris, see Rapha-
nia.
   RAPHE, Rhaphe, 'paipn, 'a suture.'   A name
given  to prominent lines resembling  a raised
stitch. Such is the  raphe or tramis which divides
the scrotum into two  parts,  and which  extends
from the anterior part  of the anus to the extre-
mity ofthe penis.   The  name Raphe seu Raphe
supe'rior seu  Linea Media'na seu  Sutu'ru cor-
poris cttllo'si exter'na  seu chorda longitndiiia'lis
Lancis'ii is, also, given to two prominent lines
which are longitudinal and parallel, and are seen
at the upper surface of the corpus callosum, ex-
tending from the anterior to  the posterior extre-
mity of that commissure.
   RAPIIEX. Chenopodium vulvaria.
   RAPHIANKIS'TRON.from 'patpiov, 'a needle,'
and  ayKtorpov,  'a  hook.' An  instrument  em-
ployed in the formation  of artificial pupil.
   RAPHION, Needle.
   RAPHIS, Needle.
   RAPHYS, Raphanus  hortensis.
   RAPISTRUM, see Raphania.
   RAPONTIC, Rheum rhaponticum.
   RAPPORT  (¥.), Rela'tio,  Reuuncitltio, 'a
report.'   A deposition  made by a  physician or
surgeon,  to prove the  condition of a person, the
nature of a disease, the existence  or non-exist-
ence of pregnancy, sudden or violent death,  &,e. 
89
REALGAR
RAPPORT
Formerly, there were tho Rapports dinonciatifis,
made at the desire of the injured or their friends,
and intended to point out  to  the judges the de-
tails of the crime or misdemeanor,—the Rapports
provisoires, the  object  of which was  to obtain
provisions for the  injured individual, both as re-
garded food and medicine, and to defray the ex-
penses of prosecution ;—and Rapports  mixtes, or
those  which were both  dinonciatifis  and provi-
soires.   At present,  reports  or  depositions are
generally divided into judiciary, or those which
serve  to throw light on the subject matter of any
civil  or criminal  cause; and  administrative,
which  afford information on  subjects relating to
any branch of the public administration, as on
the nuisance, or  otherwise, of certain  establish-
ments, the character of any epidemic, &e.
   RAPPORT, Eructation, Regurgitation.
   RAPTUS  POST-TERGANEUS,   Opisthoto-
nos.
   RAPUM MAJUS, Brassica rapa.
   RAPUNTIUM SYPHILITICUM, Lobelia sy-
philitica.
   RA PURE, Rasura.
   RAPYS, Raphanus hortensis.
   RAQUETTE,  Cactus opuntia.
   RAREFA'CIENS,  Rarifa'ciens,  Araot'icus,
 (¥.) Rarifiant, from varus, 'rare,' and face re, 'to
 make.'   Medicines were so  termed, which were
 supposed to be possessed of  the  power of giving
 more  bulk or  extension  to  the blood or  other
 humours.
   RAREFIANT, Rarefaciens.
   RARIFACIENS, Rarefaciens.
   RA'RITAS, (F.) Rareti.  Rarity;  scantiness;
 fewness.
   Raritas Den'tium. A large space between the
 teeth,  which appear to be, and may be, too  few.
   RASCATIO, Excreation.
   RASCETA,  Carpus,  Malleolus — r. Pedis,
 Tarsus.
   RASCHA, Carpus,  Malleolus.
   RASETA, Carpus,  Malleolus.
   RASETTA, Carpus, Malleolus.
   RASH,  Exanthem — r. Fever, Scarlatina — r.
 Canker,  see  Cynanche  maligna—r. Lichenous,
Lichen — r. Mercurial,  Eczema  mercuriale — r.
 Mulberry,  see Typhus — r. Nettle, Urticaria—r.
 Rose, Roseola—r. Summer, Lichen tropicus — r.
 Tooth, Strophulus—r. Wildfire, Ignis sylvaticus.
   It A SO IR,  Razor.
   RASO'RISM.  The Italian medical doctrine
of contro-stimulus, of  which  Rasori  was the
founder.
   RASORIUM, Raspatorium.
   RASPATO'RIUM, Raso'rium, Rat'ula,  Scal-
prum  roso'rium,  Xyster,  Xyste'rium,  Xystrum,
liad'ula, Runci'na, Rnncirlula, Scalprum, (¥.)
Rttgine, Grattoir.   An instrument used for  rasp-
ing bones,  to detach the periosteum,  — either in
certain Surgical operations, or for anatomical pur-
puses.
   RASPBERRY, Rubus  ida?us — r. Black, see
Rubus strigosus—r. Ground, Hydrastis Canaden-
sis— r. Wild, Rubus strigosus.
   RASPING, Eructation.
   RASPS, Rubus fruticosus.
   RASSETA PEDIS, Tarsus.
   RASTETA, Carpus, Malleolus.
   RASU'RA, Xysma, Xysmos, (¥.) Rdpure, from
radere, rasum, ' to scrape.'  A rasure, or scratch,
or erosion.   Also, the rasping or shaving of any
substance;  as Rasu'ra  Cornu Cervi, Hartshorn
shavings.
  Rasura, Scobs.
  RATAFI'A, (F.) AlcooU  sucri, Saccharo-al-
cooli.   A liquor prepared by imparting to ardent
spirits the flavour of various kinds of fruits, add-
ing sugar.
  RATANHY, Krameria ratanhia—r. of the An-
tilles, Krameria ixina.
  RATE, Spleen.
  RATELEUX, Spleneticus.
  rAtelier, see Demier.
  RATIO, Rationa'litas,  from reor,  ratus, 'to
think.'  A reason,  a cause, an explanation,  a
mode or manner; as Ratio symptom' at urn, an ex-
planation  of the symptoms,— Ratio  meden'di,
Genus  curatio'nis,  Via  curandi;  the reason,
mode or manner of cure.
  Ratio,  Reason—r.  Medendi, see  Ratio — r.
Symptomatum, see Ratio.
  RAT"IONAL,   Rationa'lis,  (¥.)  Rationnel.
Same etymon as Ratio.   That which is conform-
able to reason.  This epithet is often opposed to
empirical;  as rational  treatment.   The French,
also, say Signes rationales, in opposition  to Sig-
nes sensibles.  See Organic.
  RATIONALITAS, Ratio.
  RATSBANE, Arsenious acid.
  RATTLE, Rdle.
  RATTLES, THE. see Rdle.
  RATTLEBUSH, Sophora tinctoria.
  RATTLESNAKE, Crotalus horridus—r.  Leaf,
Goodyera pubescens—r. Plantain, Goodyera pu-
bescens— r. Root, Nabalus albus, Polygala  sene-
ga, Trillium latifolium — r. Weed, Hieracium ve-
nosum.
  RATTLESNAKE'S  MASTER,  Agave Virgi-
nica, Liatris scariosa, Nabalus albus.
  RATTLEWEED, Actaea racemosa.
  RATULA, Raspatorium.
  RAUCE'DO, Rau'citas, Parapho'nia  rauca,
Asper'itas Arte'ria  as'pera, Vox  rauca, Bron-
chus, Hoarseness, (Sc.)  Roup, (Prov.) Rawp, (¥.)
Enrouement, Rauciti, from raucus,  ' hoarse.'   A
change in the voice, which loses its smoothness
and becomes low and obscure.   It  is a common
symptom  in diseases of  the larynx and trachea.
  Raucedo Catarrha'lis.   Hoarseness  from
cold.
  RAUCITAS, Raucedo.
  RAUCITE, Raucedo.
  RAUCOUS, Raucus.   'Hoarse;' as a raucous
voice — Vox rauca seu raucis'ona.
  RA VE, Brassica rapa.
  RAVERY, Delirium.
  RAWP, Raucedo.
  RAY, Diarrhoea.
  RA YONNE, Radiated.
  RAYONS SOUS-IRIENS, Ciliary processes
  RAZOR, Cutter Tonsor'ius, Macha'ris, Novac'-
ula, Xyrum, Xyrus, (F.) Rasoir,  from radere,
rasum, 'to shave.'  An instrument for shaving.
Used in  surgery to remove hairs, where  they
would interfere with any operation.
  REACHING,  Vomiturition.
  REACTION,  Reac'tio, from re,  'again,' and
agere, actum, ' to act.'   An action of resistance to
a power  applied.   A species of vital movement
or excitement, tending  to prevent or destroy the
effects of any noxious power applied to the ani-
mal economy, and  which,  by  some, has  been
attributed to the via medicatrix  natura.   It  is
certainly  dependent on  the  organic  instinctive
actions of the frame.  It is the state of activity
which succeeds the action on the nervous system
of certain  morbific influences.
  READ. Rennet.
  REAL'GAR, Realgal, Arlada, Arladar, Auri-
pigmen'tum  rubrum,  Arsen'icum  rubrum fiacti"-
tium, Abessi, Sandara'cha Graco'rum, Red  Sul-
phuret of Mercury.  A  violent poison.    See
Poison. 
REAM
790
RECTUM
  REAM, Cream.
  REASON,  Ra'tio, Logos,  (¥.) Raison.   Same
etymon as Ratio.  The faculty or property of the
mind by means  of which  man perceives the dis-
tinction between right and  wrong, in physics as
well as in morals.  Reason  is a just conclusion
resulting from the  comparison  of two ideas, by
virtue of which we form a judgment.
  REBOLEA, Mummy.
  REBONA, Mummy.
  REBOUTEUR,  Renouettr.
  RECEIVER, Ampulla, (¥.) Ballon, Recipient,
from recijtere, receptnm, (re, and capere, ' to take,')
'to  take, to receive.'  In  pharmacy,  a  wide-
necked globular vessel, the neck of which widens
gradually outwards, to receive the tapering beak
of the retort in distillation.  Like the retort, the
receiver may be plain or tubulated.
  A quilled  receiver is  one  that has a tapering
tube from its lower surface, which is inserted into
a graduated  bottle through  a cork joint, when it
is desirable  to  know accurately the amount of
fluid that has passed over.
   RECEPTACULA DUR^E MATRIS, Sinuses
of the dura mater.
   RECEPTAC'ULUM  CHYLI, 'receptacle  of
the chyle;'  R. Pecquet'i seu Pecquet!a'num, Di-
verso'rium  seu Stagnant chyli, Sac'cuius chy'lifer
seu ro'rifer seu  lac'teus, Alveus ampullo'sus seu
ampulles'cens, Utric'ulus lacteus,  Vesic'ula  chyli,
Ampulla chylif'era sen chyli, Cisfer'na  lumba'ris
seu  Chyli, Chylocys'tis,  Chylodochlum,  Lat'ices
lactei, Lumbar cistern, Reservoir of Pecquet, (¥.)
Reservoir du chyle, R. de Pecquet,  Citerne lom-
baire.  A considerable dilatation of  the thoracic
duct, in front of the lumbar region of the  verte-
bral  column.  It is the  commencement of the
duct.
   Receptac'ulum Cotun'nii. A triangular  space,
formed by a separation of the two laminae of the
dura mater of the internal  ear, near the middle
of the posterior surface of the pars petrosa  of the
temporal bone, where the  aquaeductus vestibuli
terminates.  It is always filled with the Fluid of
 Cotugno.
   Receptaculum Pecqueti, R. Chyli — r. Sella?
equinae lateribus appositum, Cavernous  sinus.
   RECEPTIVITY,  Receptiv'itas,  (¥.) Ricepti-
vite.  Same  etymon as Receiver.  A word used
by Tissot to  express the susceptibility of certain
organs to receive morbific impressions.
   RECEPTUM, Prescription.
   RECESSIO,  Paroxysm.
   RECESSUS,  Abscess,  Sinus — r. Sulciformis,
see  Fovea vestibuli.
   RECHAMALCA, Rachamelca.
   RECHUTE, see Relapse.
   RECIDIVA  MORBI, Relapse.
   RECIDIVE, see Relapse.
   RECIPE, (L.) (re,  and capere, 'to  take.')
 A Latin word which signifies ' take,' (F.) Prenez,
 and with which prescriptions are commenced. It
 is, often, represented by R, R, and  was formerly
 by It, the symbol of Jove.   See Abbreviation.
   RECIPIENT, Receiver.
   RECIPROCATION,  VIBRATIONS OF, see
 Sound.
   RECLINATIO, Reclination—r. Palpebrarum,
 Ectropion.
   RECLINA'TION, Reclina'tio, from  reclinare,
 reclinatum, (re, and cUnare, 'to bend,') 'to bend
 back.'  A mode of  operating  for  the  cataract,
 which consists in  applying the needle in a cer-
 tain manner to the  anterior surface of the cata-
 ract and depressing it into  the vitreous humour,
 in such a way,  that the front surface of the cata-
 ract is the upper one and  its  back surface the
 lower one.
  RECLUSOR PALPEBRARUM, Levator pnl-
pebrae superioris.
  RECO.MPOSITION, Mctasynchrisis.
  RECONVALESCENT1A, Convalescence.
  RECORDATIO, Memory.
  RECORDATUS, Memory.
  RECORPORATIV US, Metasyncritic.
  RECOVERY, Restauratio.
  RECREATIO,  Restauratio.
  RECREMENT, Recremen'turn,  from re, nnd
cernere, cretum, ' to sift.'  A humour, which, after
having  been  separated from the blood, is again
returned to it;  such  as the saliva, the secretion
of serous membranes, Ac.  Such fluids are said to
be recrementit"iul, (F.) Recrimenteux, Ricremen-
titiel ;  Hnmo'res inquillni.
  RECREMENTA  VESICAE, Urine.
  RECREMENTITIAL  FLUIDS,  see  Recre-
ment.
  RECREMEN'TO-EXCREMENTIT'TAL.
Applied to secreted fluids, as tbe saliva, bile, &,,-.,
which  are in part  reabsorbed  and in part  ex-
creted.
  RECREMENTUM, Recrement.
  RECRUDESCEN'TIA, Pulineote'sis,  Recru-
des'cence, from re,  'again,' and crudtts,  'raw.'
An increase  of a disease after  a  temporary re-
mission.
  RECTAL,  Recta'lis.  Appertaining, or relating
to,  the rectum, — as  'rectal tube.'   See  Tube,
rectal.
  RECTIFICATION, Rectifica'tio, frora rectum
facere, 'to make  right.'  An operation by which
certain  liquids are  purified by distilling them,
either  singly or after  admixture with other sub-
stances.
  RECTI'TIS.   A  hybrid  word,  from  rectum;
and itis, denoting inflammation; properly orchi-
tis, or proctitis.  Inflammation of the rectum.
Proctalgia infiammato'ria.
  RECTO, in  composition,  signifies relating or
belonging to  the rectum.
  RECTOCELE, Cystocele.
  RECTOSTENOSIS, Stricture of the rectum.
  RECTO-U'TERINE, Recto-uteri'nus, from rec-
tum, and uterus.   Appertaining, or  relating, to
the rectum and uterus.
   Recto- uterine Folds, see Uterus.
   RECTO-VAG'TNAL, Recto-vagina'lis.  That
which  relates or belongs to  the rectum  and
vagina.
   Recto-vaginal Fistula is owing to a preter-
natural communication between the rectum and
vagina through the above septum.
   Recto-vaginal  Settum, (F.)  Cloison recto-
vaginal, is  formed  by the junction — back to
back — (or by  what the French term adossement)
of  the rectum and vagina.   It separates these
two canals from each other.
   RECTO-VESTCAL, Recto-vesica'lis.  Having
relation to the rectum and bladder;  as the "rec-
to-vesical fold or pouch" of the peritoneum,  be-
tween  the  rectum  and  bladder.  See Urinary
Bladder.
   RECTUM, from rectus, so called from a notion
 that it is straight.   It  is not so.  Intesti'num
 Rectum, Apeuthys'menos, Euthyen'teron, Louguon,
 Longas, Longauon, Archos, Cys'saros, Princeps,
 Monoco'lon  [?],  Bum-gut, (Prov.) Jot-gnt.  The
 third and last portion of the great intestine.  It
 forms the continuation of the sigmoid flexure of
 the colon, occupies the posterior part of the pel-
 vis, and extends  from the left side of the sacro-
 vertebral articulation to the coccyx, before which
 it opens outwards by the orifice called the anus.
 It is  cylindrical, but saccated, as* it were, at its
 inferior portion,  where it is consequently larger,
 and is attached to the sacrum by the mesorectum. 
RECTUS                 791              RECURRENT
Like the other portions of the canal it is formed
of three  membranes.  Towards tbe lower extre-
mity, some parallel and longitudinal wrinkles are
observable on  its inner surface:  these are  the
Columns, Cnlnm'na car'nea of the Rectum or of
ilorijtigni,  (¥.)  Colonnes  du  rectum ou de Mor-
tjngiii.   They are merely folds  of the  mucous
membrane, between which is a number of Lacuna.
The arteries of the rectum are numerous.   They
proceed from the inferior mesenteric, hypogastric,
and internal pudic, and are called hemorrhoidal.
The veins open, partly into the hypogastric vein,
partly  into the inferior mesenteric.   The  nerves
proceed  from the sciatic and hypogastric plex-
uses.  The rectum receives tbe faecal matters, as
tbey pass from  the  colon, which  serves as a re-
servoir for thera.
   RECTUS,  'straight.'  (F.) Droit.   A  terra,
used in anatomy for parts that pursue a straight
course ; —as
   Rectus Abdom'inis, (F.) Pnbio-sternal, Sterno-
pubien (Ch.), Droit  de labdomen.   A long flat
muscle, situate at the anterior part of  the  abdo-
men, and separated from that of tbe opposite side
by the linea alba.  It  is attached, above, to the
cartilages ofthe last three true ribs; and, below,
to  the pubis by a very strong tendon, the outer
edge of which is continuous with the fascia trans-
versalis.  This  muscle  is enclosed in an aponeu-
rotic sheath ;  and, in its course, has three or four
transverse aponeurotic intersections.  It  bends
the chest on  the pelvis, and conversely.
   Rectus  Anterior Brevis, Rectus capitis in-
ternus minor — r. Anterior longus, R. capitis in-
ternus major — r. Capitis anticus longus, R. c.
internus major.
   Rectus Capitis Internus  Major, R. internus
mrtjtrr  seu anterior longus seu  capitis anticus
Inngus, (¥.) Trachilo-basilaire, Grand droit an-
tirieur de la tete.  This muscle is  long  in propor-
tion to its breadth, flat, and  broader above  than
below.   It is situate  at the anterior and  lateral
part of the neck, and arises  from the  transverse
processes of the  third,  fourth, fifth,  and sixth
cervical vertebra?.  It is inserted into the basilary
process of the occipital bone.
   Rectus Capitis Internus  Minor, R. internus
minor  seu anterior  brevis,  Ren'tiens,  An'nuens,
(¥.) Petit trachilo-basilaire,  Petit droit antirieur
de  la tete.   This is  situate deeper than the last.
It  is  thin, flattened,  irregularly quadrilateral,
and passes frora the anterior surface of the body
of  the  first vertebra, near the origin ofthe trans-
verse  process,  to  be inserted  into  the basilary
process.
   Rectus  Capitis Latera'lis, 7?. lateralis seu
latera'lis Fa/lo'jrii, Transversa'lis  anticus pri-
mus,   (¥.)  Trachilo-attoido-basilaire,  Atloido-
strus-occipital  (Ch.), Droit   latiral de  la  tete.
There  is a muscle of this name on  each side of
the head.   It is  flat, quadrilateral, and  passes
from the transverse process of the atlas to the
occiput, behind  the jugular fossa.  It inclines the
head to one side.
  Rectus  Capitis Posti'cus  Major,  R. Major
sen Capitis posticus minor (Albinus), Spini-ax-
o'ido-occipita'lis,  (F.)  Axoido-occipita/e  (Ch.),
Grand droit postirieur de la tete.  A flat, trian-
gular muscle, situate at the posterior and superior
part of the neck.  It extends from  the spinous
process of the  second  cervicnl  vertebra  to the
external surface of the lower semicircular ridge
of the  occipital bone.  This  muscle extends the
head, inclines it to one side,  and causes it to ex-
perience a rotary motion, which directs the face
to its side.
  Rectus  Capitis Posti'cus  Minor,  R.  minor,
(F.)   Tither-atlo'ido-occipital,   Atlo'ido-occipital
(Ch.),  Petit droit postirieur de  la tSte.   A flat,
triangular muscle, situate beneath the last, which
passes from the posterior arch of the atlas to the
occipital bone.  It extends the head.
  Rectus  Capitis  Posticus Minor, R. c.  p.
major — r.  Cruris, R. femoris.
  Rectus Externus Oc'uli, Abductor oculi, In-
dignabun'dus,  Indignato'rius, Iracun'dus, Oc'it-
lum  movens  secun'dus,  Orbito-extus-scliroticien.
All the recti muscles of the  eye, four in number,
arise  from the bottom of the orbit, and  are in-
serted into  the sclerotic coat of the eye.  Tbe
Rectus  externus,  (¥.) Droit externe, Irascible  on
Abducteur, is divided, at its  posterior extremity,
into two portions, one of which is attached to the
outer part ofthe foramen opticum, and the other
to the sphenoid bone.
  Rectus  Fem'oris, Rectus  seu Grac"ilis ante-
rior seu cruris,  (¥.) Ilio-rotulien,  Droit anti-
rieur de la cuisse.  A straight muscle, seated  at
the anterior part of the thigh.   It extends from
the anterior and  inferior spine of  the ilium and
the cotyloid cavity  of the patella.   This  muscle
extends the leg  upon the thigh, and  conversely.
It can, also, bend the thigh upon the pelvis  or
carry the pelvis forward.
  Rectus Inferior Oculi, Depres'sor oculi, Tirrl-
idits,  Dep'rimens, Htlmilis, Oc'uluni movens quar-
tus, (¥.) Sous-ojitico-sphino-scliroticien, Droit in-
fiirieur  ou  abaisseur  de loeil, Muscle  humble,
arises below the optic foramen, from the sphenoid
bone.   It depresses  the  eye.
  Rectus Internus Oc'uli, Addu'cens oculi, Bi-
bito'rius, Oculi adductor, Oculunr movens primus,
(F.)  Orbittt-intus-scliroticien, Droit  interne  de
loeil ou adducteur ou buveitr.  It arises  from the
sphenoid at the inferior  part of the foramen opti-
cum.   It turns the eye towards the nose.
  Rectus Superior Oculi,  Attollens oculi  seu
oe'nlum, Leva'tor  seu Eleva'tor  oculi. Super-bits,
Ocu/uin  movens  tertius, (¥.)  Sus-optico-sjthino-
scliroticien, Droit supirieur ou Elivateur de loeil,
Didaigneux, is attached to the circumference  of
the foramen opticum.
  All  the  recti  muscles are  concerned  in  the
voluntary motions ofthe eye.  The oblique mus-
cles have been supposed by Sir C. Bell to execute
the involuntary.[?]
  Rectus  Inferior Femoris,  Gracilis — r. In-
ternus major, R. capitis internus major — r.  In-
ternus minor, R. capitis internus minor — r. La-
teralis, R. capitis lateralis — r. Lateralis Fallopii,
R. capitis lateralis — r. Major, R. capitis posticus
major --r.  .Minor, R. capitis posticus minor.
  RECUBITORIUM, Anaclinterium.
  RECUPERATION, Restauratio.
  RECU'PERATIVE, Rectiperatory. from recu-
peratio, ' recovery.'  Restorative.   Recovering.
Belonging to recovery.
  RECUR'RENT,  Recur'rens, from recurrere,
(re, and currere), 'to run  back.'   A name given
to several  arterial and  nervous branches, which
seem to re-ascend towards the origin of the trunk
whence they emanate.
  Recurrent Arteries.   This name has been
given to several arteries of the forearm,  and  to
one of the leg.1  In the_/b?-eo:r;?!, there are, 1. The
Radial recurrent, Artire ricurrente de  lipicon-
dyle  (Ch.), which arises from the superior  part
of the radial, and ascends between the supinator
longus, s. brevis, and the brachialis internus.  2.
The anterior cubital recurrent, A. ricurrente  de
1'ipltrochlie (Ch.), which  arises from the upper
and inner  part of the  cubital, and ascends be-
tween the pronator teres and brachialis  internus.
3. The posterior cubital recurrent, which arises
from  the preceding artery, or frora  the  cubital
itself, and ascends between the olecranon  and in-
ternal tuberosity of the humerus.   4. The jtoste-
rior radial recurrent, A. ricurrente olicranienne 
RECURVATIO
(Ch.).  It arises from the posterior interosseous,
and ascends between the  posterior cubital and
anconeus muscles.  In the leg, — the Arteria re-
currens tibia'lis, A. ricurrente du genou (Ch.), is
furnished by the anterior tibial, and ascends to
the tibialis anticus muscle.
  Recurrent Bandages are formed by convo-
lutions of bandages, which make a kind of cap for
the part—as the head—to which they are applied.
  RECURVATIO, see Hump.
  RECUTITUS. Apella.
  REDBEAN, Abrus precatorius.
  REDBERRY, Arbutus  uva  ursi, Gaultheria,
Panax quinquefolium—r. Bitter, Cornus Florida
■—r. Swamp, Vaccinium  oxycoceos.
  REDGOWN,  Strophulus.
  RED HEAD, Asclepias Curassavica.
  REDMAILKES, Papaver rhoeas.
  REDROD, Cornus sericea.
  RED ROOT,  Celastrus, Lachnanthes tinctoria,
Sanguinaria Canadensis.
   REDSHANKS, Polygonum persicaria.
   RED AVATER TREE, see Sassy Bark.
   REDIMICULUM. Diadema.
   REDINGOTES ANGLAISES, see  Condom.
   REDINTEGRATIO,  Regeneration,  Restau-
ratio.
   REDIVIA, Paronychia.
   REDONDANCE, Plethora.
   .ft£Z)OcT»£.E-lA£V7,,Exacerbation,Paroxysm.
   REDRESSEUR UTERIN,  Pessary,  intra-
uterine.
   REDS, Menses.
   REDUCTIO. Reduction,  Taxis—r. Praeputii
Impeditn,  Phimosis.
   REDUCTION,  Reduc'tio, Reposil'io,  Resti-
 tutio, Diap'lasis,  Diaplas'mus, Syntax'is, from
redncere, rediictum, (re,  and etucere, ductum, ' to
 lead,') ' to bring back.'  A surgical operation, the
 object of which is to  restore displaced parts to
 their original situation.  Thus, we say the  reduc-
 tion of a luxation, when  the  displaced parts are
 again brought to their proper relative  situation.
 The reduction of a hernia is the restoration of the
 protruded parts to  the  cavity  of  the  abdomen.
 This is, also, called Taxis.
   In pharmacy, the process of restoring oxides,
 chlorides,  sulphurets, Ac, to the metallic state.
   REDUNDANTIA, Plethora.
   REDUVIA, Paronychia.
   REED MACE, Typha latifolia.
   REFECTTO, Restauratio.
   REFECTIVA, Analeptica.
   REFECTUS. Restauratio.
   REFTCIENTIA, Analeptica.
   REFLECTION, Refiex'io, (re, and fiecto, fiec-
 tum, 'to bend.')  A bending or turning  back.
 Dtiplicnture.
   REFLECTOR EPIGLOT'TIDIS.   A muscle,
 which arises from the arytenoid cartilage and in-
 ner part of the thyroid, and  is inserted into the
 lateral edges of the epiglottis.
   REFLEX MOVEMENTS, see Motion—r. Sys-
 tem of nerves, see Excito-motory, and  Nerves.
   REFLEXIO, Reflection—r. Palpebrarum, Ec-
 tropion.
   RE FORME, Invaliding.
   REFRACTION, Refirac'tio,  Phntocamp'sis,
 Dia'clasis, from re, and firangere, fractum, ' to
 break.'  The change  of direction  which rays of
 light  experience when they pass obliquely frora
 one medium into another of different density. If
 the light passes from a rarer to  a denser medium,
 it  approaches  the perpendicular raised  at  the
 point of immersion.   The contrary occurs, when
 it goes from a  denser to a rarer medium.  The
 theory of lenses, telescopes, and of  the eye, rests
eutirely on this property of light.
REGURGITATION
I   REFRIGERANT, seo Alembic.
   REFRIG"ERANTS, Rcfrigeran'tia, Psych'ti-
 ca, Antithcr'ma, Frigefiacien'tia, (¥.) Rttfrtnchis-
 sttnts, Rifrigiratifs, Desaltirants, from re,  and
 frigere, 'to cool.'  Medicines which  depress the
 morbid temperature of the body.   The chief re-
 puted refrigerants are the Potassae Nitras [?], the
 Sodae Boras  [?],  but chiefly the abstraction of
 caloric by  ice  and ice-drinks, cold  water,  cold
 lemonades, soda-water, and effervescing draughts
 internally ; and externally, cool air, cold water,
 evaporating lotions, and frigorific mixtures.
   REFRIGERATIFS, Refrigerants.
   REFRIGERATOR, see Alembic.
   REGENERATIO, Reproduction.
   REGENERATION, Regenera'tio, Palingen-
 esis, Redintegra'tio, from re, and generare, gene-
 raturn, ' to beget.'  Reproduction of a part of the
 body, which has been destroyed.
   REG'TMEN, (F.) Rigime,  from  regere, 'to
 govern.'  The rational and  methodical  use of
 food, and of everything essential to life; both in
 a state of health and disease.  It is often restricted,
 in its  meaning, to Diet.   It  is sometimes used
 synonymously with hygiene.
   REGIME  SANITAIRE  and   SYSTEME
 SAN I TA IRE, mean the measures  and  regula-
 tions adopted to prevent the  development and
 propagation of diseases reputed to be pestilential,
 — especially plague, yellow fever, and cholera.
   REGINA PRATI, Spirasa ulmaria.
   REGIO, Region.
   Regio Auricularis.  The region ofthe ear.
   Regio Bucca'lis.  The region of the cheek.
   Regio Cardiaca, Epigastric region.
   Regio Cervica'lis.  The region of the neck.
 The cervical region.
   Regio Epigastrica, Epigastrium.
   Regio Facia'lis.  The facial region.
   Regio Frontalis.   The frontal region.
   Regio Gastrica, Umbilical region — r. Hypo-
 gastrica, see Hypogastrium —r. Hypochondriaca,
 Hypochondre — r. Iliaca, Iliac region — r. Ingui-
 nalis, Inguinal region—r. Ischiadica, Ischiadio
 region—r. Jugalis, Jugal region — r. Lumbalis,
 Lumbi—r. Mentalis, Mental region—r. Mesogas-
 trica, Umbilical region—r. Nasalis, Nasal region
 —r. Nuchas, Nuchal region—r. Nuchalis, Nuchal
 region—r. Occipitalis, Occiput—r. Occipitalis in-
 ferior, Nuchal  region—r.  Perina?i, Perinteum —
 r. Praecordiaca,  Precordial  region—r. Pubis,
  Pubic region — r. Stomachalis, Epigastric region
 —r. Stoinachica, Epigastric region—r. Tempora-
  lis, Temple — r. Umbilicalis, Umbilical region.
    RE'GION, Re'gio.  Same etymon.  Anatomists
  have called regions, determinate spaces on the
  surface of the body or of different organs.  Thus,
  the abdomen has been divided into several; to
  which  different  names have  been  given.   See
  Abdomen, Epigastrium, Hypochondrium, Hypo-
  gastrium.
    REGION OMBILICALE, Umbilical region.
    REGIONAL ANATOMY, see Anatomy.
    REGLES, Menses — r. Diviis, Menstruation,
  vicarious — r.  Diffieiles, Dysmenorrhoea.
    REGL1SSE, Glycyrrhiza.
    REGNE ANIMAL, see Animal.
    REG'ULAR, Regula'ris, from regnla, (regere,
  'to govern,')  'a  rule.'  According to rule.  Ap-
  plied to the types of a disease, and to the pulse,
  when according to rule.
    Regular Practit"ioner.   One who practises
  his  profession according to the rules established
  by law or  custom.
    REGULUS ANTIMONII, Antimonium.
    REGURGITATION, Regurgita't'io.   The act
  by which  a  canal  or reservoir throws back sub- 
RkiF                   793                 REMORA
ptances accumulated in it.   Mitral regurgitation,
for example, means the reflux of blood through
the left auriculo-ventricular opening, during the
contraction of the  left ventricle.   Regurgitation
is  also applied to the  jinking or possetting of
infants ; and  to the rising  of solids or fluids into
the mouth in the adult,—from  re,  and gorge,
(gurges), 'the throat.'  (F.)  Rajrport.  What is
called " vomiting at pleasure" is regurgitation.
  The  substances  brought into the mouth by re-
gurgitation, the French call Renvois.
   RE IF, Psora.
   REIN, Kidney.
   REINE DES PRES, Spira?a ulmaria.
   REINERZ, MINERAL WATERS OF.  Rein-
erz is a small town in  Silesia, three German miles
from  Glatz.   The waters are acidulous chaly-
beates.   The principal springs  are the  tepid
drinking spring, the cold spring, and  three bath-
ing springs.                                    I
   REINFORCE'MENT, FASCICULUS OF, F.  j
 Cmieilttte.  A band of fibres from the corpus in-
noiiiiitatum, or lateral part  of the antero-lateral
column of the medulla, which is continued up  '.
behind and around the corpus olivare, is lined on  j
its inner or central surface  with  cineritious sub-
stance,  enlarges as it ascends, passes  over the
upper surface of the pons Varolii, and is expanded
into the optic thalamus.   It thus forms, in its  :
course,  the anterior paries of the fourth ventricle,
nnd is brought into  view by brushing away the
tuberculum cinereum  or gray matter  of the ven-
tricle.  The band  has  received these names owing
to its constantly increasing as it ascends, and be-
ing mixed up with gray matter on its inner face,  i
from which its seems  to derive new fibres.
   REINS, Kidneys,  Lumbi.
   REJEC'TIO, Anago'ge, from rejicere, rejectum,
(re, and jacere, ' to cast,') ' to cast back.'   Every
excretion by  the mouth,—spitting, expectoration,
regurgitation, or vomiting.
   Rejectio  Sanguinis e Pulmonibus,  Haemo-
ptysis.
   REJUVENES'CENCE, Rejnvenescen'tia, from
re, 'again.' and  juvenescens, 'growing  young:'
 (juvem's, ' a youth'.)   A renewal of  youth.  The
state of being young  again.  The assumption of
 the characteristics of youth by the aged.
   RELACHANT, Relaxant.
   RELACHEMENT, Relaxation.
   RELAPSE, Hypolrope.  Epistrophei, Hypos'-
 trophe, Morbi recidi'va,  Hypotropias'mns, from
 re, ' again,' and labor, lapsus, ' I fall down.'  The
return of a disease, during,  or shortly after, con-
 valescence.   The French use Rechute  in  this
 sense; and Ricidive  (Morbus  recidivus) for the
 return of a complaint, at a  greater or less period
 after the complete recovery of health.
   The  terms Relapsing fever, Short fever, Five-
 day fever, Seven-day fever. Bilious Remitt'ent
 fever, Remitting Ic'teric fever, and  Mild  Yellow
 fever, (¥.) Filvre d rechute, have been given to a
 form of continued fever,  which has occasionally
 appeared epidemically, as in Edinburgh, in 1843
 and  1847, and  was generally  attended with
 icteric symptoms.  The main  phenomena disap-
peared at about the end of a week;  but in many
cases a relapse occurred about the end  of a fort-
night.  Few died of  tho affection.
   RELAPSING FEVER, see Relapse.
   RELATIO, Rapport.
   RELATION, FUNCTIONS OF, see Function.
   RELAX'A NT,  Laxans, Malact'icum, Chalas'-
ticiun, Par-el icum, (¥.) Reldchant, from  re, and
laxare, 'to loosen.' A medicine which diminishes
 the  tension of organs.  Mucilaginous andfatty
 substances are relaxants.
   RELAXANTIA, Emollients.
   RELAXATIO CORDIS ET ARTERIARUM,
 Diastole.
   RELAXA'TION, Relaxa'tio.   Same  etymon-
 Chala'sis, Chalas'mos, (F)  Reldchement.  In Phy-
 siology, relaxation  is opposed to contraction.  In
 Pathology, it means great  looseness of a part.
   RELE VE- PA UPIERE.  An instrument for
 raising the eyelid.
   RELEVEUR DE L'ANUS,  Levator ani —
 r. de la  Levre infiirieure, Levator labii inferioris
 — r. du Menton, Levator  labii  inferioris — r. de
 1'Omoplate, Levator scapulae — r. de la Prostate,
 Levator prostata? — r. de l Urethre, Levator ure-
 thrae.
   RELIG"IOUS DISEASES, (F.) Maladies re-
 ligieuses.  Diseases affecting the nervous system,
 and arising from the excitment of religious emo-
 tions.  See Convulsionnaire.
   RELIQUAT, (¥.)   The  remnant or remains
 of a disease.
   REMAK FIBRES, see  Fibres, Remak.
   REMANSIO MENSIUM, Amenorrhcea.
   REMEDE, Clyster, Medicament— r.  du Ca-
 puchin, Liquor hydrargyri nitrici—r. de Durande,
 Liquor  anodynus   terebinthinatus — ?-. du  Due
 d'Antin, Liquor hydrargyri nitrici.
   REMEDIAL, Medicinal.
   REMEDIATE,  Medicinal.
   REMEDILESS, Incurable.
   REMEDIUM, Juvans,  Medicament — r. Den-
 tifricium, Dentifrice.
   REMEDY, Medicament—r. English, Cinchona.
   REMISSIO, Decline, Remission—r. Cordis et
 Arteriarum, Diastole — r.  Morbi,  Remission — r.
 Virium, Atony.
   REMIS'SION,  Remis'sio,  Epan'esis,  An'esis,
 Snbmis'sio, Aph'esis, En'dosis, Meio'sis,  from re-
 mittere,  (re,  and  mitlere, missum,  'to send'),
 ' to relax.'   In a more extensive signification,  a
 temporary diminution of the symptoms of a dis-
 ease, either  acute or chronic, Remis'sio morbi.
 Diminution  in  the  febrile  symptoms,  such as
 occurs in a remittent  fever between the exacer-
 bations.
   REMETIC, Medicament.
   REMITTENS ICTERODES, Fever, yellow.
   REMIT'TENT,  Remiltens.    Same  etymon.
 Any disease which presents  remissions.
   Remittent of Children, Fever, infantile re-
 mittent.
   Remittent Fever, Febris remit'tens, Epan'e-
 tus,  Exac"erbating,  paroxysmal, sub-continual,
 endem'ic, endenlial or endem'ieal fever, (¥.) Fie~-
|| vre rirnittente, is one which strikingly exacerbates
 i and  remits, but without intermission.   The ordi-
 nary bilious fever ofthe United States is a simple
 remittent—Epanetus mitis, (¥.) Fievre rirnittente
 simple.
   Remittent Fever, Bilious, Remittent fever,
 see Relapse.
   Remitting Icteric Fever, see Relapse.
   REM'ORA, from remorari, (re, and mora, 'de-
 i lay,) 'to arrest.'  Stoppage, stagnation, — as of
 blood.  Also, the  name of  two  surgical instru-
 ! ments,  intended  to retain  parts ?'u situ.  The
 one  was used, formerly, in castration, to prevent
 tbe  intestines  from  protruding at the  inguinal
 ring: the  other,  called Rcmora  Hilda'ni, (¥.)
 Arret  d'Hildan,  Echene'is,  was employed  to
 maintain fractures and luxations  reduced.   It is
 not now used. 
REN                    794           REPRODUCTION
  Rf.mora Aratri, Ononis spinosa.
  REN, Kidney.
  RENAL,  Rena'lis, from  Ren,  'the  kidney.'
That which relates to the  kidney.
  Renal Arteries,  Emulg"ent. Arteries, are very
large and short, and commonly two in number—
one to each kidney.  They arise from the sides
of the  abdominal aorta, forming with it a right
angle.   The left is commonly a little more ante-
rior and elevated than the right.   After a short
course, they arrive at the fissure of the kidney,
where they divide, before  entering  it, into three
or four very considerable branches.
  Renal Capsule, Capsule, renal—r. Nerve, see
Splanchnic Nerves.
  Renal Plex'uses, Emulg"enf Plexuses. These
are two :—one on each side.   They proceed from
fasciculi of the solar and  coeliac plexuses; from
the outer side of the semilunar ganglion and  the
final expansion of tbe small splanchnic nerves.
These plexuses begin by three or four ganglions,
situate at the commencement of the renal artery;
and they give off from their circumference many
fine, straight filaments, which do not anastomose,
and  which enter the kidney with  the  divisions
of the  renal artery.  These  divisions  they ac-
company.
  Renal  Veins,  Emnlgeut  Veins.  These  are
very large.  Their roots follow  the same  course
as the  arteries  in  tbe  substance of the kidney.
In  the  fissure  or pelvic portion of the kidney,
they  unite  into  a  single trunk, which  passes
transversely inwards, and opens at the side of the
vena cava descendens.
  RENCHUS,  Snoring, Stertor.
  REN'CULUS, Renic'ttlus, Ren'ulus, diminutive
of Ren, 'a kidney.'  A small kidney. A lobe of
the kidney.
  RENDLES,  Rennet.
  RENEAL'MIA EXALTA'TA, Alpin'ia exal-
ta'ta seu tubula'ta.   A plant of British Guiana,
which  is possessed  of  diaphoretic and diuretic
properties ;  and, in large doses,  is emetic.  It is
much used  there in dropsy, rheumatism,  dysen-
tery, &c.  The bruised rhizoma is  the part em-
ployed.
  RENES SUCCENTURIATI, Capsules,  renal.
  RENICULUS, Renculus.
  RENIFORM. Nephroid.
  RENNES, MINERAL WATERS OF.   Ther-
mal salines in  the department of Aube, France,
containing carbonic  acid and chloride of magne-
sium.  Temperature 103 to 121°, of Fahr.
  PiENNET, Runnet, Coag'ulum,  irvrta,  irvcria,
Pytia, Pyelia, from (G.) gerinnen, 'to  coagu-
late' [?], (F.) Caille-lait.  When the fourth sto-
mach or Abomasus of the  calf is salted and dried,
it possesses  the property of coagulating milk,
when a portion of it is soaked in water, and the
infusion—Rennet,  Rendles,  Ronning,  (Prov.)
Earning,  Preaser,  Read, Running, Steep — is
added to milk.
   Rennet Whey, see Serum lactis.
  RENONCULE, Ranunculus—r. Bulbeuse, Ra-
nunculus bulbosus.
   RES'OUEE, Polygonum  aviculare—r. Acre,
Polygonum hydropiper.
  REXOUEUR,(¥.)Rcbouteur,Rhabilleur,Trom
re, and  nouer, (nodus, 'a knot,') 'to tie or knit
again.'  A  bone-doctor: — a  bone-setter.   One
who makes a trade of reducing fractures and
dislocations.
  RENOVATIO, Ananeosis.
  RENSSELAERIA VIRGINICA,  Peltandra
Virginica.
  RENII ENS, Rectus capitis internus minor.
  RENULUS, Renculus.
  RENUM ATONIA, Nephratonia —r. Paraly-
sis, Nephratonia.
  REXUNCIATIO, Rapport.
  RENVERSEMENT DE LA LAN CUE, Pa-
raglossa — ?-. de  la Matrice, Uterus, inversion  of
the—r.  des Fanpieres, Ectropion—r. dn Rectum,
Proctocele—?-. de la  Vessie, Exocyste, Exstrophia
of the bladder.
  RENVOIS, see Regurgitation,
  REPANDATIO, Lordosis.
  REPARATION, Restauratio.
  REPARATIVE,  Repar'atory.   Having  the
power of restoring or repairing.
  REPELLENTIA, Repellents.
  REPEL'LENTS, Repellen'tia. Repereutien'tia,
Apocrus'tica,  Repercus'sines, (F.)  Rijtercussifs,
from re. and pellere,  ' to drive.'  Medicines which,
when applied to a tumefied part, cause the fluids,
that render it tumid, to recede, as  it were, from
it.  Astringents, cold water, ice, &c, are repel-
lents.
  RliPERCUSSIFS, Repellents.
  REPERCUSSIO, Contra-fissura, Repercussion.
  REPERCIIS'SION,  Repercus'sio, Anac'lttsis,
from ?-e, and^?e?-eii/?'o, percussum, (per, and quatere,
'to shake  or batter,')  'I  strike back.'  Disap-
pearance  of a tumour  or cutaneous eruption, in
consequence  of  the application of a  repellent.
The action of a repellent remedy.  The French
writers  use the  term Delitescence,  Delitescen'tia,
for the sudden  disappearance  of  a tumour, in-
flammation, eruptive disease, or purulent collec-
tion, without the disease occurring  in any other
part of the  body:  in  this respect delitescence
differs from metastasis :  Dilitescence of an inflam-
mation  or ' sudden disappearance' is distinguished
by  certain French pathologists from Resolution.
Repercussion also means Ballottement.
  REPERCUSSIVES,  Repellents.
  REPERCUTTENTIA, Repellents.
  REPLETION, Fulness,  Plethora.
  REP LI  LONGITUDINAL DE LA  ME-
NINGE,  Falx cerebr^
  REPOSITIO, Anaplasis, Reduction, Taxis.
  REPOUSSOIR, Punch—r. d'Aretes, Probang.
  REPRIMENS, Epischeticus.
  REPRODUCTION,  Reproduc'tio, Regenera'-
tlo, frora re, and prodncere, productum, (pro, and
ducere.)  The function by which  living  bodies
produce bodies similar  to themselves.  See Gene-
ration.  As a general  remark, it  will be found
true, that the larger animals are uniparous ; and
the smaller, which  are more exposed to destruc-
tion, multiparous.  The mammalia being of the
same natural class as  man, it  may be useful to
compare them in this respect. 
R E P R 0 D U C T 10 N
7 9o
RES  CONTRA-NATUP.AM
COMPARATIVE  TABLE  OF  REPRODUCTION IN  THE CLASS MAMMALIA.
Species.
      Primates.
 Man.................
 Monkeys Mnrjre)......
   Do.   (long tailed)

      Carnirora,
 IJ-ar.................
 Haileer...............
 Ilcdnehog............
 I'VlTI't................
 (liter.................
 Pole-cat,
 Marten,
 Wcasr-I, and
 tirniine,
 [)iilel|ihns,     1
 Opossum, and v......
 Philander,     )
 Lion.................
 Ticer,   )
 Leopard ( '"
 Lvnx ................
 Wild  Cat  ............
 Wolf ................
 I)"L'. in the most j
  natural state,  j ■ ••■
 Fox..................
 Jarkall  ..............
 l-atis ................
 I'hoca  ...............

      Rotlcntia,
 Squirrel..............
 Flviim Squirrel.......
 Owlatrn .............
 Heaver..............

 flare.................

 Rabbit...............
 Rat.................
 Mouse...............
 Marmot..............
 fjiiinea Pig...........
 Dormouse............

      Edentata.
 Armadilla............

     Ruminantia.
 Camel................
 Dromedary...........
 Buffalo  ..'............
 Beef.................
 Lama................
 Rpinileer.............
 Hark and Doe  ........
 Roebuck..............
 Sni<»a (Antelope)......
 Chamois and Wild Goat
 Goat.................
 Musiinon ............
 Sheep................

      Solipeites.
 Dorse................
 Ass..................
Zebra .... -...........

    Pac.lrydermata.
 Hog .................
Elephant.............
Rhinoceros...........
Hippopotamus .......
Morse ...............
Ape capable of en-
   gendering.
14 years
 3 years
 2 years
2 years
 t year
If months
before 1 year
   2 years
     Do.


before 1 year
   2 years

 10 months

   1 year
1 year
   I year
  6 months
    Do.
    Do.

5 to 6 weeks
   1 year
4 years
  Do.
3 years
2 years
3 years
2 years
l{ year
  Do.
1 year
  Do.
  Do.
H year
1 year
2^ years
  Do.
  Do.
9 months or 1 year
    Hi years (?)
     5 years (?)
Duration of gesta-
     tion.
9 months
7 months
6 months
    112 days

11110. and fO days
       Do.
    3 months
56 days
3 to 4 months

  3 months

  9 weeks
 5f> davs
 73 days

 C3 days

  2 months
     Do.
 63 days
  3 months (?)


 45 days


  4 months

 30 days
   Do.
 5 or (i weeks
  1 month
  6 weeks
  3 weeks
11 months or 1 y'r
      Do.
   9 months
      Do.

   8 months
      Do.
   5 mouths
      Do.
      Do.
      Do.
      Do.
      Do.
300 days
  Do.
  Do.
  4 months
1 to 11 months
Number of young ut
    each birth.
Period of cessation ol
    the function.
1 to 3 1
 Do.  \
 Do.  S
      1 to 4
      3 to 4
      3 to a
5 to 9 twice a year
      3 to 4
3 to 6
3 to 4
3 to 4
4 to 6
5 to <J

3 to 6
 Do.
5 to 8
6 to 7
2 to 3
3 to 4 twice a year
      3 to 4
      3 to 5
      2 to 3
  I 2 to 4 several )
  j times a vear j
    4 to 8 ilo.
    5 to li do.
       Do.
      2 to 4
5 to 8 times a vear
      3 to 5
4 times a year
    1
    1
    1
  1 to 2
   Do.
     I
  1 to 2
   Do.
   Do.
1, 2, and 3
   Do.
  1 to 2
   Do.
1 to 2
 Do.
 Do.
10 to 20
 1 or 2
 1 or 2 (?)

   1
At  a  someuha'  ad-
  vanced aye.
  25 to 30 years.
  20 to 25 years.

Produces during life.
8 to 10 years.
 10 years. (?)

20 to 2.3 years.

     Do.


 9 years.
15 to 2(1 years.

15 years.

10 or 12 years.
Produces during life.
       Do.
   Lives (i years.


   Lives 8 years.

 Lives 8 or 9 years.
Produces during life.
       Do.
       Do.
       Do.
7 to 8 years. (?)
  40 to 50 vears.
       Do."
  15 to lfi vears.
   9 vears."
  12 years.
Lives 16 years.
Lives 25 or 30 year*.
Lives 12 or 15 yeais.
Lives 15 or 21) years.
Lives 18 or 20 years.
   7 years.
   8 or 10 years.
   8 years.
25 or 30 years.
     Do.
     Do.
    15 years.
Lives 70 years. (?)
Lives 00 years. (?)
   REPRODUCTION MERISMATIQUE,  see
 Generation.
   REPULSORIUM, Punch,
   REPURi! A'TIO,  Anacathar'sts,  from re, and
 truri/arc.  'to  cleanse.'  According  to  Castelli —
 purgation by transpiration  or by  expectoration.
 Medicines producing this effect are  called Repur-
ga n't in.
   REQUIKS. Aoinesin.
  REQL'IETIO, Acinesia.
  RES CONTRA-NATU'RAM.  'Things against
nature,' (F.) Chases contre-nature, are those things
which tend  to destroy man;—as disease, and
every thing connected with  it.
  Rks Culinaria, Culinary art—r. Medica, Me-
dicina.
  Res Nati-ra'lks, (F.) Choses naturelles. Those
things, which, by their union, were conceived to
constitute  the nature of man : such as the ele-
ments, temperaments, humours, spirits, <£c. 
ROSEAU                796            RESPIRATION
  Res NON  Natura'les, (F.)  Choses non-natu-
relles.  Those things  which,  anciently, formed
the matter of hygiene.  See Non-naturals.
  Ri:s Venerea, Coition—r. Vestiaria, Vestitus.
  RE~SEAU,  Rete, Reticulum — r.  Admirable,
Rete rairabile—r. Intermidiare, see Corpus spon-
giosum urethrae — r. Merveilleux, Rete mirabile.
  RESECTIO, Resection — r.  Articulorum, see
Resection.
  RESECTION, Resec'tio, from resecare,  resec-
tum, (re, and secare,)' to cut off.'  A name, given,
especially by the French  surgeons, to operations
in which the carious extremities of long bones, or
tbe unconsolidated extremities of fractured bones
forming irregular joints, are removed with the saw.
—Resectio arliculo'rum, Decapita'tio articulo'rum.
  RESECTION, see Amputation.
  RESEDA CRISPATA—r. Luteola—r. Lanceo-
lata — r. Luteola.
  Rese'da  Lute'ola, R. lanceola'ta seu crispa'ta,
Lute'ola.  Weld, Dyer's Weed.  A European plant
naturalized  in  the  United States, which was at
one time used as a diaphoretic and diuretic.
  RESERANS, Aperient,
  RESERVE AIR, see Respiration.  v
  RESERVOIR  DE  LA BILE, Gall-bladder
— r. du Chyle, Reeeptaculum chyli — r. des Lar-
tnes, Lachrymal sac—r. of Pecquet, Reeeptaculum
chyli—r.  de Pecquet, Reeeptaculum chyli—r. of
tbe Thymus, see Thymus.
  RESIDENTIA, Sediment.
  RESIDUAL AIR, see  Respiration.
  RESIMUS, Camus.
  RESIN, Resi'na, Rhetlne, (¥.) Risine.  A ve-
getable product,  commonly dry and concrete,
more or less brittle, inodorous or slightly odorous,
insipid, or of an acrid warm taste; of a smooth,
glassy fracture, heavier than water, inflammable,
insoluble  in water, soluble in alcohol, ether, and
yolk of egg, and negatively electrifiable by fric-
tion.   Many resins  are used in medicine;  the
greater part are purgative and irritating.  Some
act like acrid poisons.
  Resin,  Acaroid, see Xanthorrhoea—r. Botany
Bay, see  Xanthorrhoea—r. Cayenne,  Caoutchouc
— r. of New Holland,  see Xanthorrhoea—r. of
the  Spruce  fir, see Pinus abies — r. of Xanthor-
rhoea, see Xanthorrhoea.
   RESINA, Resin — r. Abietis, see Pinus abies,
Pinus picea — r. Abietis humida, see  Pinus abies
— r. Abietis sicca, see Pinus abies—r. Acaroides,
see Xanthorrhoea—r. Alba, see Pinus  sylvestris—
r. Alba humida, see Pinus Abies—r. Cayennensis,
Caoutchouc—r. Copal, Copal—r.  Elastica, Caout-
chouc— r.  Fiava,  see Pinus sylvestris—r. Fluida
Canadensis, see Pinus balsamea—r. Jalapae, Ex-
tractum jalapae resinosum—r. Juniperi, Sandarac
— r. Laricis, see Pinus larix — r. Lentiscina, see
Pistachia lentiscus — r. Liquida pini balsamea;,
see Pinus balsamea — r. Liquida pini laricis, see
Pinus larix—r. Lutea Novi Belgii, see Xanthor-
rhoea— r. Nigra, Colophonia — r. Pini, see Pinus
sylvestris — r.  Pini empyreumatica  liquida, see
Pinus sylvestris—r. Pini abietis sponte concreta,
see Pinus abies—r. Strobilina, see Pinus balsamea,
and Pinus mughos—r. Terebinthi, see  Pistacia
terebinthus.
   RESINA'TUM,  Rhetino'ton.   An  epithet for
wine impregnated with resin, and used by the
ancients as  a stomachic.
  RESINE, Resin — r. de Cayenne,  Caoutchouc
— r.  Elastique, Caoutchouc — r.  de   Ga'iac, see
Guaiacum—?-. Gomart,  see Bursera gummifera—
r. de Lierre, see Hedera helix.
  RESINOCE'RUM, Rhetinoce'ron, from unrivr,,
'resin,' and  Knpos,' wax.'  A mixture of resin,and
wax. — Galen.
  RESINOSA, in Pharmacy, resinous substances.
  RESOL UTIFS, Discutients.
  RESOLUT10, Resolution—r. Membrorum, Pa-
ralysis.
  Resolutio Morbi.  The  resolution or disap-
pearance of a disease;  especially  when  without
any critical evacuation.
  Resolutio et Diabrosis Ventriculi,  Cnstro-
malaciu—r. Nervorum,  Paralysis — r. Ventriculi
autopeptica, Gastromalacia—r. Viriuin, Dialysis.
  RESOLU'TION,   Resolu'tio, Discus'sio,  from
resolvere,  (re and solvere, soluturn, ' to loosen.')
Removal or disappearance, as of a disease.  Re-
solution is one of the terminations of inflamma-
tion, in which the  inflamed part  returns gra-
dually, and without  suppuration, to  the  healthy
condition.
  RESOL UTION DES MEMBRES, Paralysis.
  RESOLVENTIA,  Discutients.
  R E S' 0 N A N C E, (F.) Retentissement, Rison-
nance, Risonnement,  from re, 'again/ and sono,
' I sound.'  ' A return of sound.'   A resounding;
a reverberation  of  sounds.  A  thrilling of the
voice more loud than natural; or its existence in
a part where it is not heard in health, — as de-
tected  by auscultation.  A thickened and hard-
ened state of the lungs, caused either by a mass
of crude tubercles, or by  inflammation, is gene-
rally considered to produce this phenomenon, by
rendering the  lung a  better conductor of the
murmur of the voice in  the bronchi.  Hence tho
origin  of the term Bronchopllony, from  (Spoyxos,
'bronchus,'  and  tjrwvn,  'the voice;' (F.)  Voix
bronchique, Voix tubaire,  V. bourdonnante.
  Resonance is also  used in the sense of resound-
ing; as when the chest  is said to be resonant on
percussion.
  Resonance, Vesic'ui.o-Tympanit'ic, see Vesi-
culo tympanitic—r. Vibrations of, see Sound.
  RESONITL'S, Contra-fissura.
  RES'ONANT,  Res'onans, Res'onus, (¥.)  Re.
tentissant, Risonnant.   Resounding.  See Reso-
nance.
  RMSONNANCE, Resonance.
  RESONNEMENT, Resonance.
  RESORBENS, Absorbent.
  RESORPTIO, Absorption, Resorption —r. Cu-
tanea, see Absorption —r. Cutis, see Absorption.
  RESORP'TION, Resorp'tio, from resorbere, -re-
sorption, (re,  'again,' and sorbere,) 'to absorb
again.'  Absorption  of  a  fluid which has been
previously deposited in  a part by the exhaliint?,
as of pus, blood, serum, &c.
  RES'PIRABLE, Respirab'ilis.  Same ety-
mon as  Respiration.   Capable of being breathed.
Adapted for respiration.
  RESPIRAMEN, Respiration.
  RESPIRAMENTUM, Respiration.
  RESPIRATEUR, Respirator, Respiratory.
  RESPIRATIO,  Respiration—r. Abolita, Ap-
noea—r. Brevis, Dyspnoea—r. DifEcilis, Dyspnoea
— r. Stertens,  Stertor—r. Stertuosa, Stertor.
  RESPIRA'TION, Respira'tio, Anap'noe, from
resjtiro, (re, and spiro,)  'I take  breath.'   Anap-
neu'sis,  Pneu'sis sjtiru'tio, Respira'mert, Respira-
mentum, Resjtira'ttts, Respir'ittts,  Spir'itus.   A
function proper to animals, the  object of which
is, to place the materials of the  blood—tbe mix-
ture of  the venous blood with lymph and  chyle—
in contact with atmospheric air, in order that it
may acquire the vivifying qualities which belong
to arterial blood.   The organs for  executing this
function are, in the mammalia, birds, and  rep-
tiles, the lungs.  In  man,  the respiration  consists
of mechanical and  chymical  phenomena.  The
mechanical are Inspiration and Expiration.  The
evident chymical phenomena consist in the form-
ation of a certain  quantity of carbonic acid, the
absorption of a part  of the oxygen  of the  air, and 
RESPIRATION BRONCTUQUE    797               RETENTIO
the disengagement of a quantity of water in the
state of vapour.  In the healthy condition  the
respiration is easy,  gentle, regular, and  without
noise.  In  man,  the respirations are generally
nbout 35 per minute  in  the  first year of life; 25
during the second; 20 at puberty; and 18 in the
adult age.
   The air of  respiration has been divided into
first, the residual air, or that which cannot be ex-
pelled from the lungs, but remains after a full  and
forcible expiration, estimated at 120 cubic inches:
secondly, the supplementary or reserve air or that
which  can be expelled  by a forcible expiration,
after an ordinary outbreathing, valued at 130 cu-
bic inches: thirdly, the breath, tidal or breathing
air, valued at 26  cubic inches: and fourthly, the
complementary or complemcntal air, or that which
ran be inhaled after an ordinary inspiration, which
amounts to 100 cubic inches.   This estimate gives
250  cubic inches as  the average volume of air
which the chest  contains  after an ordinary expi-
ration.
   RESPIRATION BRONCHIQUE, see Mur-
 mur, respiratory.
   Respiration, Broncho-Vesic'ular.  A mor-
bid  modification  of the  respirator}'  murmur,
having more or less of the characters of the bron-
 chial and the vesicular respiration combined.  It
 denotes incomplete  solidification of the  lung, as
 from the presence of tubercle. — Flint.
   Respiration of the  Cells, Murmur, respira-
 tory— r. Cogged-wheel, Respiration, jerking — ?-.
 Entrecoupie, Respiration, jerking — r. Exagirie,
 see Puerile — r.  Hypervisicitlaire, see Puerile.
   Respiration, Jerking, Cogged-wheel, or Wavy
 respiration, (F.) R. Saccadie ou  Entrecoupie.
 When the murmur of inspiration, in place of being
 continuous, is interrupted as by starts, it  is called
 'jerking.'  It is a concomitant of incipient pleu-
 risy, pleurodynia, spasmodic asthma, and tuber-
 culosis of the lung with corresponding  pleuritic
 adhesion. —Walshe.
   RESPIRATION, LUCTUEUSE, see Luctu-
 eitx—r. Metallic, Tintement mitallique—r. Nulle,
 see Murmur, respiratory.
   Respiration  Proof, Docimasia pulmonum.
   RESPIRATION, PUERILE, see  Puerile —
 r. Rdpense, see Murmur, respiratory — ?-. Rude,
 see Murmur, respiratory—r. Silencieuse, see Mur-
 mur, respiratory — r. Saccadie,  R. jerking—r.
 Soufflante, Murmur,  respiratory — ?-. Siipjrlimen-
 taire,  see Puerile—r. Tubal, see Murmur, respira-
 tory— r.  Wavy, Respiration, jerking.
   RESPIRATOIRE, Respiratory.
   RESPIRA'TOR, (F.) Respirateur.  Same ety-
 mon.   Various  instruments,  under this name,
 have been devised for the purpose of tempering
 the  air before it reaches the lungs  in winter.
 One of the best is that  of Jeffrey, which is made
 of several layers of  fine wire tissue.
   RESPIRATORIUM VENTRIS, Diaphragm.
   RESPIRATORIUS,  Respiratory.
   RES'PIRATORY, Rcspirato'rius, (¥.) Respi-
 rateur, Respiratoire.  Appertaining to   respira-
 tion.  An epithet applied to the murmur  heard by
 auscultation in  a healthy adult, during  inspira-
 tion and  expiration.  It marks  the entrance of
 the air into the cells, and its passage out of them.
 See Murmur.
   Respiratory, External, Nerve, see  Thoracic
 nerves.
   Respiratory Ganglia, see Encephalon.
   Respiratory, Internal. Nerves, Diaphrag-
 matic Nerves—r. Nerve of the face, Facial Nerve
 — r. Superior, nerve. Spinal Nerve.
   Respiratory  Tract, Tractus  respirato'rius.
 The  middle column of the spinal marrow, de-
 scribed by Sir  Charles Bell as  that whence the
 respiratory nerves originate.  See Nerves.
  RESPIRATUS, Respiration.
  RESPIRITUS, Respiration.
  RESSERRE, ( VENTRE,) Constipation.
  RESTA  BOVIS,  Ononis spinosa.
  RESTAGNATIO, Eructation.
  RESTAURANS,  Analeptic, Corroborant.
  RESTAURA'TIO,  Refee'tio,  Refec'tus,  Ana-
lep'sis, Anatrep'sis,  Anacom'ide, Analte'sls, Anac-
te'sis, Apocatas'tasis.  Restoration of strength,
after disease or great fatigue; Epanortho'sis, Re-
crea'tio, Redintegra'tio, Restaura'tio virium.  Re-
turn of the  organs to their normal condition.
Recov'ery, Recupera'tion, Reparation.
  Restauratio Virium, see Restauratio.
  REST HARROW,  Ononis spinosa.
  RESTIFORMTS, from restis, ' arope,' and for-
ma, ' shape.'   Shaped like arope, as the ' Corpora
restiformia.'
  Restiformis Processus, Coracoid.
  RESTITUTIO, Reduction—r.  Organica, Morio-
plastice—r. Partium deperditarum, Morioplastice.
  RESTLESSNESS, Agitation.
  RESTORATION, Restauratio.
  RESTORATIVE, Analeptic, Corroborant.
  RESTRICTIO INTESTINI RECTI seu ANI,
Stricture of the rectum.
  RESUMPTI'VUS,  Resumpto'rius;  from  re,
'again,' and sumere, snmptum, 'to take.'  Causing
to resume.  Resumptlvum.  Any agent calculated
to restore flesh and  strength to one who has been
reduced.
  RESUMPTORIUS, Resumptivus.
  RESURRECTION-MAN, Resurrectionist.
  RESURRECTIONIST, Resurrection-man,
Body snatcher :  from re, and surgere, surrectum,
'to  arise.'  An individual who violates the sanc-
tuary of the  grave  to obtain subjects for dissec-
tion.
  RESUSCITA'TION, Resttscita'tio, from  resus-
cita're, (re, and suscitare, sursum  citare seu ciere,)
' to  move up,' 'to stir up anew.'   Revivifica'tion.
The restoration  of  persons, apparently dead, to
life.  See Asphyxia and Suffocation.
  RETCHING, Vomiturition.
  RETE, Plexus — r. Malpighii,  Corpus  muco-
sum.
  Rete, 'a.  net;'  (Retic'ulum,  'a  small  net,')
Dict'yon, (¥.) Resean.  A name  given  to the in-
terlacing and decussation  of blood-vessels, lym-
phatics, fibres, and nerves when they form a kind
of network.
  Rete has also been applied to the  epiploon. —
Castelli.
  Rete Majus, Epiploon, gastro-colic.
  Rete Mirab'ii.e, (F.)  Resean  admirable,  R.
merveilleux.   A name given to  the ramifications
and anastomoses of the internal carotid and ver-
tebral arteries at the base of the brain.
  Bete Mirabii.e  seu Rete Vasculo'siim Mal-
pig'hii  is the plexus  formed on the  cells of the
lungs by the minute ramifications  of the pulmo-
nary artery.
  Rete Mtcosiim,  Corpus mucosum.
  Rete  Testis,  Rete  Vasculo'siim  Testis  seu
Halleri.  An irregular plexus or network, formed
by  the communication of  the Vasa recta, Tn'buli
seu Duc'tuli  recti, at the upper and  back part of
the  testicle.   These Vasa recta are  sent  out at
the back part of the testicle, from  the convoluted
seminal tubes.  The Rete  Vasculosum testis sends
out from twelve to  eighteen straight  tubes, called
 Vasa effercntla, which convey  ti'ie  semen  from
the testes to  the epididymus.
  RETENTIO, Retention — r.  Aerea. Dyspnoea
— r. Alvina, Constipation — r. Bilis,  Ischocholia.
  Retfntio   Fi.rxrs II.EMORRiioiDALis.    Sup-
pression of the haemorrhoidal flux.
  Retentio  Fcetus, Dystocia—r. Lactis, Ischoga-
lactia—r. Lochiorum, Ischiolochia — r. Mensium, 
RETENTION               798        RETROPHARYNGEAL
see Amenorrhcea—r. Spermatis, Ischospermia —
r. Sudoris, Ilydroschesis.
  RETEN'TION, Reten'tio, Apolcp'sia, Apolep'-
sis, from retinere, retention,  (re, and tenere,)  ' to
hold back.'  Accumulation  of a solid or liquid
substance, in canals  intended for its excretion, or
in a reservoir, intended to contain  it for a short
period.
  Retention  of  Urine;  Paru'ria  Retentio'nis
vesica'lis,  Ischu'ria  vesica'lis, Retentio  Urlna,
(¥.) Ritention d'urine.  A disease  in which  the
urine accumulated in the bladder cannot be evac-
uated ;  or,  at  least, cannot be  passed  without
extreme difficulty.  In the  former  case, the  re-
tention  is said  to  be complete; in  the  latter, in-
complete.   Many writers have distinguished three
degrees of this affection, to which they have given
the names Dysury, Strangury, and  Ischury.  Re-
tention  of urine may depend upon loss of con-
tractility,  paralysis  of the  bladder,  &c,  or on
some obstacle  to  the passing of the urine, as in
cases of pressure of  the womb on the bladder, of
tumours in its vicinity, foreign bodies in its cavity,
inflammation of the  urethra, swelling of the pros
tate, stricture,  &c.   The pain is extremely violent,
and tbe bladder  may be  found distended  above
the pubis.  The treatment consists in introducing
the catheter,  or puncturing the bladder, and in
combating the cause, which  has produced the re-
tention, b}' particular means adapted to each case.
   RETENTISSANT, Resonant.
   RETENTISSEMENT, Resonance —r. Auto-
 phonique, see  Autophonia.
   RETIA UTERI,  see Uterus.
   RETICULAR, Re'tiform, Reticula'ris, Ret'-
imts, Amjihiblestro'i'des, DyctoVdes, Retifor'mis,
from rete, (diminutive  reticulum,) 'a net.'  That
which  resembles  a  net.  An epithet  applied to
many structures in the body.
   Reticular  Body, Corpus mucosum — r. Sub-
stance,  Cellular tissue.
   RETICULARIA  OFFICINALIS, Lichen pul-
monarius.
   RETICULUM:  diminutive  of  rete, 'a net.'
 The Bonnet or Honeycomb  bag or stomach, (Sc.)
 Kingshood, (¥.) Bonnet, Riseau — the second sto-
 mach of the ruminant animal. See also, Epiploon,
 and Rete.
   Reticulim  Cutaneum,  Rete   mucosum — r.
 Mucosum. Rete mucosum.
   RETIFORM, Reticular.
   RET'INA, from  rete, 'a net;' Tu'nica ret'ina
 seu reticula'ris  seu retifor'mis seu in'tima  seu
 ner'vca oc'uli,  Involu'crum reti compara'tum, Ver-
 ricnla'ris membra'na, Amjthiblestro'i'des membra-
 na, (F.)  Ritine.  A soft, pulpy,  grayish, semi-
 transparent,  very  thin  membrane;  extending
 from the optic nerve to the crystalline, embracing
 the vitreous  humour,  and  lining   the  choroid;
 without,  however,  adhering to  either of those
 parts.  It terminates by  a defined  edge — mar-go
 dentiltns—at the  posterior extremities  of  the
 ciliary  processes. It is constituted, according to
 most anatomists, by the  expansion of the optic
 nerve.   The retina  appears  to be formed of seve-
 ral  laminae ;  so joined together, that it is diffi-
 cult to discriminate them.   The one — the inner-
 most— is medullary, and pulpy; the other — the
 outer—is  stronger, and fibro-vascular.  The retina
 is the essential organ of  vision ; on it the images
 of objects are impressed.   Both it  and the optic
 nerve  are devoid of  general  sensibility.  They
 may be punctured or lacerated without pain being
 experienced.   The  nerve of general  sensibility
 distributed to the eye is the fifth pair.
   RUTINACULA,  see  Retinaculum —r. Mor-
 gagnii, see Fraena of the valve of  Bauhin.
   RETINACULUM,  from retinere, (re, and te-
 nere,)  ' to hold back.'  A  surgical instrument,
formerly used in the operation of castration ; and
in that of hernia, to prevent the intestines from
fnlling into the scrotum. — Scultet.  Retinacula
are also  band-like extensions of a cellulo-mein-
branous  structure, which  seem  to  suspend  tho
ovum in the Follicle of De Graaf.  They appear
to correspond to the chalazae of the egg of tho
bird.
   Retinaci-liim, Bride.
   Retinac'ilum Ten'dinum Peroneo'rum, Va-
gi'na  malleola'ris extern'a.  The  ligamentous
sheaths that retain in situ at the outer ankle  the
tendons of the  peroneal muscles.
   RET'INAL, Retina'lis.   Relating  or apper-
taining to the retina.
   RETINE, Retina.
   RETINI'TIS, Infiamma'tio  Ret'ina, Ampin'.
blestroidltis, Dictyi'tis, (¥.) Ritinite, from retina
and itis, a suffix denoting inflammation,—a term
of hybrid formation.  Inflammation of the retina;
an uncommon affection, except as an accompani-
ment  of other forms of ophthalmia.
   RETINOIDS, see Rliitinoli.
   RETINOLE, see Rhitinoli.
   RETINOS'COPY, Retinoscop'ia,  from retina,
and oKoirrur, ' I  view.' PJxamination of the retina.
   RETINUS, Reticular.
   RETORT', Retor'ta, Batia,  Cornu,  Cornu'ta,
Cornes'tu, Cornumusa,(¥.) Cornue,from retorqueo,
(re, and torqueo, tortum,) 'I bend back.'  A ves-
sel, commonly  of glass or earthenware, employed
in distillation.   It may be  plain, or have a tnbn-
lure for admitting substances whilst the distilla-
tion is going on.  In the latter case, it is  said  to
be tu'bulated, (¥.) Cornue tubulie.
   RETRACTION,  Retrac'tio, from  retrahere,
(re, and trahere, tractnm,)  'to draw back.' State
of a part, when drawn towards the centre of the
body  or backwards; — as  retraction ofthe tes-
ticles.  Sometimes  it is used synonymously with
shortening or drawing up;  as in retraction of the
thigh.
   RETRACTION  DE  LA MATRICE, Retro-
versio uteri.
   RETRACTOR ANGULI ORIS, Buccinator.
   RET'RAHENS AURIS, Poste'rior seu Triceps
Auris,  Tricauda'lis, Retrahens Auric'ula  seu
Auricularn, Secun'dtts proprio'rum Auric'ula, Bi-
cauda'lis, Dejt'rimens Auric'ula, Proprius Auris
externa, (¥.) 3Iasto'ido-conchinien, Mastoido-nri-
cttlaire (Ch.), Auriculaire postirieur. It consists
of one or more small fasciculi  or  fleshy, thin,
somewhat irregular  fibres, situated behind  the
ear.  These  are attached to the mastoid process,
and pass horizontally forwards, to  terminate at
the convexity  formed by the concha of the ear.
If this muscle  had any use, it would  carry the
ear backwards.
   RETRAIT  VENTRICULAIRE, Heart, hy-
pertrophy of the.
   RETRECISSEMENT, Arctatio, Stricture—r.
de I'Urlthre, Urethrostenosis.
   RETRIMENTA VESICAE, Urine.
   RETRIMENTUM. Excrement
   RETROCES'SION, Retrocee'sio,  Retroces'sus,
Relrogres'sus, from  retrocedere, retrocessum, (re-
tro, 'backwards,' and eeelere,  'to  give  place.')
The act of going back.  A disappearance or me-
tastasis  of a  tumour, eruption,  Ac,  from  the
outer part of the body to the inner.
   RETROCESSUS, Retrocession.
   RETROFLEXIO  UTERI,  see  Retroversio
uteri.
   RETROGRESSUS, Retrocession.
   RETROPHARYNGEAL,   Rctropharynge'ut,
frora  retro, 'backwards,' and pharynx, 'the pha-
rynx.  Relating to parts behind the pharynx,— 
RETROPULSION         79
9
RIIA G £
as 'retropharyngeal abscess,'—an abscess behind
the pharynx.
  RETROPULSION DE LA MATRICE, Re-
troversio uteri
  UETliO-V'TERmE, Ret.ro-uteri'nus, (F.) Ri-
trn-utirin,  from retro, and  uterus.   Behind  the
uterus, as retro-uterine abscess, (¥.) Abcis rilro-
uterin ; — an abscess seated  behind the uterus.
   RETROVACCINA'TION, from retro, ' back-
wards,' and vaccination. Vaccination with matter
obtained from the cow, after inoculating the ani-
mal with vaccine matter from the human subject.
   RETROVER'SIO  U'TERI,   (retro,  'back-
wards,' and vertcre, versurn, ' to turn.')  Retrover-
sion ofi the Uterus,  fEdopto'sis Uteri retrover'sa,
Anti/iod'isis seu Anajtodis'mus Uteri, (¥.) Retro-
version,  Retraction,  Obliqnite ou  Ritrojrulsion
tie la Matrice.  A change in the position of the
uterus, so that the fundus of the organ  is turned
towards the concavity of the sacrum, whilst the
neck  is directed towards the symphysis pubis.
This  displacement  is commonly attended  with
constipation, tenesmus, and retention of urine.
Its usual  period of occurrence is  between  the
third and  fourth months  of pregnancy;  before
the uterus  has escaped above the superior aper-
ture of the pelvis.  In the treatment, the cathe-
ter must be regularly used twice a day, until the
uterus, by its growth, rises  above  the pelvis.
The catheter  should  be  small, flat,  and curved
considerably more than common, in consequence
■of the distorted  course  of the urethra.  The
bowels must be kept open;  and absolute rest, in
a recumbent posture,  be enjoined.  Should it be
impracticable to draw off  the urine,  attempts
must be made to replace the uterus.  The woman
being  on  her hands  and  knees, the  fore and
middle fingers of the  accoucheur's left hand are
to be passed up the rectum  to the fundus uteri;
which they must elevate, whilst the  cervix uteri
is carefully depressed by two fingers of the right
hand  in  the  vagina.  Should the  fingers em-
ployed to elevate the  fundus not be long enough
to effect this  object, a piece of whalebone may be
substituted, having a small piece of sponge at-
tached to one extremity as a pad.
   A simple inclination, or bending of the uterus,
backwards, is termed  Retroflex'ion of the U'terus,
Retroflex'io U'teri: not unfrequently,  however,
this is used synonymously with  Retroversion  of
the Uterus.
   RETROVERSION DE  LA MATRICE, Re-
troversio uteri.
   REUNIO, Synthesis—r. Partium separalarum,
see Synthesis — r. per Pritnam intentionem, see
Intention—r. per Secundam intentionem, see In-
tention—r. Vasorum, Anastomosis.
   REUNION PRIMITIVE, see Intention — r.
Sccondaire, see Intention.
   REVACCINATION, see Vaccina.
   REVALENTA ARABICA, see Ervum.
   REVASSERIE, Incoherence; see Somnium.
   REVE,  Somnium.
   RE VEIL, see Sleep—r. en Sursattt, see Sleep.
   REVELLENT, Derivative.
   REVERIE, Aphelxia.
   REVERY,  Aphelxia.
   1! EVIVIFICATION, Resuscitation.
   RKVULSIF, Derivative.
   REVUL'SION, Revulsio, from re, nnd vellere,
vittsum, ' to  pluck;'  Antis'pasis.   The act  of
turning the principle  of a disease from the organ
in which it seems to have taken its seat.  Rube-
facients,  vesicatories, bleeding in the  foot. <fcc,
are often used for this purpose.   See Derivation.
  REVULSIVE, Derivative — r. Bleeding,  see
Bloodletting.
  REVULSORIUS, Derivative.'
  REX AMARORUM, Soulamen amara—r. Me-
tallorum, Aurum.
  REYNOLDS'S SPECIFIC, see Virium colchici.
  REZZLE, Wheeze.
  RHA, Rheum.
  RHABARBARUM, Rheum—r. Album, Con-
volvulus mechoacan — r. Antiquorum,  Rheum
Rhaponticum—r. Dioscoridis, Rheum Rhaponti-
cuni — r. Monacborum, Rumex patientia—r. Ni-
grum, Convolvulus jalapa—r. Pauperum, Thalic-
tron—r. Sibericum, Rheum—r.Tartaricum,Rheum
— r. Turcicum, Rheum.
  RHABARBE, Rheum— r. Blanche, Convol-
vulus mechoacan—r. Fausse, Thalictron — r. ilea
Indes,  Convolvulus mechoacan — r.  des  Moines,
Rumex Alpinus — r. Sauvage, Rumex patientia.
  RHABDOIDES (SUTURA), Sagittal suture.
  RHABILLEUR, Renoner.
  RHACHET.E,  Rachitae.
  RHACHETRUM, Medulla spinalis.
  RHACHLEI,  Rhachitae.
  RHACHIAGRA, Rachisagra.
  RHACHIALGIA, Rachialgia,  Rhaehiodynia,
Spinal irritation.
  RHACHIALGITIS, Spinal irritation. Myelitis.
  RHACHIDAGRA, Rachisagra,   Rachialgia,
Rhaehiodynia.
  RHACillOCYPIIOSIS, Gibbositas.
  RIIACHIODYNTA, from  'paXts,  'the verte-
bral column,' and  oSvvn, 'pain;'  Rhachialgia.
Pain in tbe vertebral column.
  RHACHIOMYELITIS, Myelitis.
  RIIACIIIOPLEGIA, Paraplegia.
  RHACIIIOSCOLIOMA, Scoliosis.
  RHACHIOSCOLIOSIS, Scoliosis.
  RHACHIOSTROPIIO'SIS,  from  >*<?> 'the
vertebral column,' and  orpttyw, ' I turn ;'  Contor-
tio coltirn'na  vertebra'lis.  Deviation of the  ver-
tebral column.
  RHACHIOT'OMUS,   Rhachiolomum,   from
'paxts, 'the vertebral column,' and roun, 'incision.'
An instrument for opening the vertebral column.
  RHACHIPA'GIA,  Raehijta'gia, from  'paXts,
'the spine,'and trayot, 'I fasten.'  A monstrous
union of two foetuses, in which they are connected
at the spine.
  RHACHIPARALYSIS, Paraplegia.
  RHACHIPHYMA, Rachiphyma.
  RIIACHIRRHEUMA, Lumhago!
  RIIACHIS, Vertebral  column — r. Nasi,  see
Nasus.
  RHACIITSAGRA, Rachisagra.
  RHACIII'TjE, from 'paxtrvs, appertaining or
relating to 'paxts, 'the vertebral column;' Itha-
chia'i, Rachi'ta,  Rhache'ta,  or  Rachia'i.  The
muscles of  the spine.
  RHACHITES. Medulla spinalis.
  RHACHITTCUS, Rachiticus.
  RHACHITIS, Rachitis — r. Adultorum, Molli-
ties ossium—r. Spinalis,  Rachisagra.
  RHACITITISMUS, Rachitis.
  R1IACIIOSIS,  Rachosis.
  RHACHUS,  Rhaens,  Rhagns, from  'payor, or
'pnyvvpt, 'to  break.'  A  wrinkle.  A laceration
of the skin.   A lacerated ulcer—ulcus lac"erum.
  RHACUS, Rhachus. Wrinkle.
  RHiEBOCRANIA, Torticollis.
  RHAG'ADES,  'payaics, Rhaga'dia, from 'payor
or 'pnyvvpt, 'to break or rend ;' Scissu'ra, Fissu'-
ra, Fima.  Ruptures, chaps, or narrow and long
ulcers, which form  near  the origin  of mucous
membranes, especially around  the  anus,  and
which are generally owing to the syphilitic virus.
  Rhagaof.s, see Fissure.
  RHAGE, Rage, 'payn.  Same et3Tmon.   A  suf-
fix  denoting violent rupture or discharge, as in
Hemorrhage, Menor?7irr(7?a, <tc.
  Rhage, Fissure. 
RHAGES
800
RHEUMATISM
  RnAGES, Uveb passae.
  RIIAGICUS, Rhagoides.
  RHAGODEITIS,  Uveitis.
  RHAGOI'DES, Rhago'des, Rhagoideus, Rha'-
gicus, from 'pj{,  'payos,  'a  berry,'  'a grape.'
Grape-like;  as  Tunica Rhagoides:  the uvea.
Also, the choroid coat of the eye.
  RIIAGUS, Rhachus, Wrinkle.
  RHAMNI BACC^E, see Rhamnus—r. Suceus,
see Rhamnus.
  RHAMNUS,  'papvos, R. cathar'ticus,  Spina
cervi'na seu domes'tica seu infecto'ria, Rhamnus
eoluti'vus, Cervisplna, Buckthorn, Purging buck-
thorn,  (¥.)  Nerprun  purgatif,   Bourguipine,
Epine de cerfi.  Family, Rhamnaceae. Sex. Syst.
Pentandria Monogynia.   The berries — Rharnni
Dacca—have a faint and disagreeable odour; and
bitterish, nauseous taste.  Their juice — Rharnni
Suceus — is cathartic, and apt to excite  griping,
which must be obviated by the use of diluents.
   Rhamnus Alater'nus,  R. Hi span' icus, Aluter'-
nus latifio'lius, Common alaternus, (¥.)  Alaterne.
The leaves have been used as detergents and as-
tringents, in the form of gargle especially.
   Rhamnus FrAN'gula,  Black Alder, Frangula
Alnus, Alnus Nigra, (¥.) Aune noir, Bourlane,
Bourgene.   All  the parts  of this  tree, as well as
of  the common  alder, are astringent and bitter.
The bark is most so.   The inner, yellow bark of
the trunk or root acts as a cathartic.  It has also
been employed as an anthelmintic.
   Rhamnus Hispanicus,  R. alaternus—r. Jujuba,
see Jujube—r. Lotus, see  Jujube—r. Ziziphus, see
 Jujube.
   RIIANTER,  Canthus,  (greater.)
   RHAPHANEDON, Raphanedon.
   RHAPHANIA, Raphania.
   RHAPHANIS, Raphanus hortensis.
   RHAPHANUS, Raphanus hortensis.
   RHAPHE, Raphe. Suture.
   RHAPHOSYMPH'YSIS,  from paipn,  'suture,'
 and trvpfvats, 'union.'  Union  by suture,—as of
 the bones of  the cranium.
   RHAPHYS,  Raphanus hortensis.
   RHAPONTICUM,  Rheum Rhaponticum — r.
 Vulgare, Centaurea centaurium.
   RHAPONTIQUE, Rheum rhaponticum.
   RHAPS, Raphanus hortensis.
   RHAPYS, Raphanus hortensis.
   RHATAISflA, Krameria ratanhia.
   RHAX, see Vitis vinifera.
    RHEGE, Cramp, Contusion, Laceration.
   RHEGMA,  Cramp,  Contusion,  Laceration,
 Rhexis — r. Ligamentare, Apospasma.
    RHEGMUS, Cramp, Contusion,  Laceration.
    RHEMBASMUS, Somnambulism.
    RHEMBE,  Rhembus,  'a  wandering about,'
 from 'peufitiv, ' to wander about.'  Irregularity in
 the return of febrile paroxysms.
    RHEMBUS, Rhembe.
    RHENCHUS, Rattle,  Snoring.
    RHENXIS,  Rattle, Snoring.
    RHEON. Rheum.
    RHETINE,  Resin.
    RHETINOCERON, Resinatum.
    RHETINOLE.  A name given by M. Beral
 to a medicine, which results from the union  of a
 resin with other medicinal  substances.   The
 Rhetinolis of B6ral differ from  the Rhitinoides
 in containing but one resin, whilst in the latter
 there are  several.
    RHETINOlDES, see Rhitlnoli.
    RHETINOTON, Resinatum.
    RHEUM, (pronounced room,) Rheu'ma, ptvpa,
 (F.)  Rhume;  from 'peta, 'to  flow.'   Any  tbin
 watery  discharge from  mucous membranes  or
 skin ; as the thin discharge from the air passages
 arising from cold.
  Rheum, Salt.  A popular name in the United
States, like'tetter,'for various cutaneous affec-
tions of the eczematous and herpetic forms more
especially.   It is at times  applied to a kind of
chronic psoriasis;  and likewise to cutaneous af-
fections in those who  immerse the hands in  me-
tallic  or acid solutions.  Webster defines it "a
vague  and indefinite  popular name, applied to
almost all  the  non-febrile cutaneous  eruptions
which  are common among adults, except ring-
worm and itch "
  Rhe'um, Rhabar'barum,  Rheon, Rha, Riorum,
Lap'athum orienta'le  seu Chinen'se, Rhtibur'bu-
rum ve'rurn seu Tartar'icum  seu  Siber'icum  seu
 Tur'cicum, Rhubarb,  (¥.)  Rhabarbe, Rhubarbe.
From  Rha, now called Wolga, a river  in Russia
from  which  it  was  first brought.  Ord. Poly-
gonaceae.  Sex. Syst. Enneandria Trigynia.   The
root—Rheum—is the  part used in medicine.  Its
odour  is aromatic, peculiar, and rather  nauseous;
taste, somewhat aromatic, subacrid, bitterish,  and
astringent.  It colours the saliva and the urine
yellow.  It is easily pulverized, and forms a pow-
der of a bright buff-yellow colour.  Both water
and spirit extract its virtues.  Rhubarb root is
purgative, stomachic and astringent.  [?] It is
 chiefly used for the  properties first mentioned.
 Externally, the powder  is  sometimes  sprinkled
 over ulcers, to assist their granulation.   Dose, Qj
 to ,^ss of the powder.  In a smaller dose, it is
 stomachic.
   Numerous species  of Rheum, Rh.  palrnatum,
 Rh. undulatuin, and Rh.  compactum, have purga-
 tive roots.
   The rhubarbs most used in  the United States
 are the Chinese or India Rhubarb — Rheum Si-
 nen'se seu In'dicum;  the Russian, Turkey or Bu-
 charian Rhubarb—Rheum Rus'sicum seu Tur'ci-
 cum ;  and European  Rhubarb.
   Rheum Compactum, Rheum — r. Indicura, see
 Rheum — r. Palrnatum,  Rheum.
   Rheum  Rhapon'tici;m, Rhapon'tic  Rhubarb;
 Rhapon'ticum,  Rhabar'barum Dioscor'idis  seu
 Antiquo'rum,  (¥.) Rhapontique, Rhapontic,  Ra-
 pontic.  The root of this seems to have been the
 rhubarb of the ancients.  It is more  astringent
 than that  of the rheum palrnatum, and less  pur-
 gative;  for the  latter  purpose,  two  or tbree
 drachms being required  for a dose.  French, Rha-
 pontic, or Krimea Rhubarb, is obtained from this
 species, as well as from Rh. undulutnm, and Ith.
 compactum.
    Rheum Russicum, see Rheum—r. Sinense, see ,
 Rheum—r. Turcicum, see Rheum—r. Undulatuin,
 see Rheum.
    RHEUMA,  Catarrh, Diarrhoea, Rheum, Rheu-
 matism.  Also, inflammation of a fibrous tissue,
 as in  rheumatism and gout. — Fuchs.
    Rheuma  Catarrhal*:, Bronchitis, (chronic)
 —r. Epidemicum, Bronchitis, chronic,  Catarrh,
 epidemic — r.  Pectoris,  Catarrh—r. Uteri,  Leu-
 corrhoea.
    RHEUMAPYRA, Rheumatism, acute.
    RHEUMARTIIRITIS, see Rheumatism, acute.
    RHEUMARTHROSIS, see Rheumatism, acute.
    RHEUMATALGIA,  Rheumatism, chronic—r.
 Arthritica. see  Rheumatism, acute.
    RHEUMATIC, Rhenmat'icus, Rheumatis'mal,
 (¥.)  Rhumatismal,  Rhnmatique.   Belonging to
 rheumatism : as rheumatic fever.  Also, applied to
 one affected with rheumatism; (F.) Rhumatisant.
    RlIEUMAT'lC DlATH'ESIS,  Diath'esis rheumat'-
 ica.  The special condition of the body that  gives
 occasion to rheumatism.   It may exist without
 presenting the usual phenomena in  the joints;
 whilst the heart may be seriously affected.
    RHEUMATICS, Rheumatism.
    RHEU'MATISM,  Catarrhtr-'a  from 'ptvpa,
 'pevparos,  ' a defluxion, catarrh.'  Dolor Rheumat - 
RHEUMATISM
801      RHETJMATOPHTHALMIA
tVn» et arthrit'ictta, (Hoffman,) Rheitmato'sis Myo-
to'tis, Rheuma, Myodyil ia, (vulg.)  Itheu'matiz,
Rheuntat'ics, (F.) liliumatisme.   A kind of shift-
ing phlegmasia or neuralgia,sometimes seated  in
the muscles, sometimes in the parts surrounding
the joints; nnd  at others, within  them.   Hence
the names Muscular,  Articular, and  Synovial,
which have been  applied to it.   The disease may
be acute, or chronic.
  Rheumatism of the Abdomen, Cceliorrheuma.
  Rheumatism,  At .'ith,   Rliettmatis''mus  acu'tus
peu articulo'rum  acu'tus  seu universa'lis fiebrl-
lis  seu  iiijlammato'rins seu hypersthen'icus, Ar-
thro'sia  acuta,   Rheumatojr'yra,  Rheitmap'yra,
Febris  rheiimat'ica  injiamrnato'rin,  Syn'ocha
rhenmalica,   Myoso'tis,   Myitis,  Canina   seu
Arthritis  rheumatismus,   Artkro-rheumatis'mus,
Synovitis   rlieumtitismillis,   Hamo - arthritis,
Rhenmat'ic  Fever, (¥.) Rhenmatisme  aigu, Rh.
 artienlaire  aigu,  Fiivre  rhumatismale,   usually
 comes on with  the ordinary  symptoms of fever;
 soon  after which, or simultaneously, or  even be-
 fore the appearance of febrile signs, excruciating
 pains are felt in different  parts of the body, par-
 ticularly in  the  larger joints, which are more or
 less red and swollen ; the pain shifting from one
 to the other, at times with great  rapidity.  The
 disease rarely terminates  in  less than six weeks,
 during the greater part of which period the febrile
 symptoms remain severe; and what is peculiar to
 the disease, the  skin may be covered daily with
 a profuse perspiration, although it feels extremely
 hot, and the pulse appears in no way modified by
 it.  It  is one of  the essential  symptoms of the
 affection, and consequently affords no relief. The
 only danger to be apprehended from acute rheu-
 matism, notwithstanding  the  apparent  severity
 of the  symptoms, is the translation or extension
 of the  disease  (metastat'ic rheu'matism)  to some
 internal part,  especially to the heart.   This ten-
 dency must  always be   borne in mind.  Acute
 rheumatism seldom terminates in chronic; they
 who are liable to  the former are rarely so to the
 latter, and  conversely.   The disease will gene-
 rally run its course in spite of treatment.  The
 usual antiphlogistic plan  had better be  pursued
 during  the first days of the disease.  Blood-let-
 ting  may be employed, if the vigour of  the pa-
 tient and of the  disease  seem to require  it; but,
 although the  blood is generally buffy,  bleeding
 does not usually seem to afford much relief.  The
 bowels  must be kept open ; effervescent draughts
 be administered, and opium be given in full doses
 to allay pain.  This is, generally, all  that is ne-
 cessary during  the first  week; after which, ad-
 vantage will usually be obtained from the  exhi-
 bition of the  sulphate of quinia  with  sulphuric
 acid.  It does not augment the excitement, and
 will be found proper in almost all cases.   Rheu-
 matic inflammation is very  different from  other
 varieties, and this may account for the anomaly.
 After a few weeks, the disease usually goes  off,
 but leaves the patient  veryliable  to a recurrence
 on slight exposures or errors of diet.  At times,
 acute rheumatism of the  joints puts on  the ap-
 pearance of gout, and seems to be a complication
 of  the  two affections.  It is  then  called  Gouty or
 Arthrit'ic rheumatism  or Rheumatic gout, Rheu-
 matal'gia arthrilica, Rheumarthro'sis, Rhettmar-
 thri'tis. Arthritis rheiimat'ica seu jnreni'lia.
   Rheumatism  of the Arm, Brachiorrheuma—
r. Arthritic, see  Rheumatism, acute — r. of the
Bladder, Cystorrheuma — r.  of the Bowels, Ente-
rorrheuma.
   Rheumatism. Cap'sular,  Rheumatis'mus cajt- 1
sula'ris.  Rheumatism seated in the lining mem-
brane of  the  joints and bursas of the  tendons. |
The parts most  liable to  its attacks are the feet
and hands, where it is generally easily recognised I
      51
!! by the enlargement of the joints; but the pecu-
 liar characters  of the disease are, perhaps, most
| strikingly seen when it attacks the knee.
    Rheumatism of the Chest, Pleurodynia.
    Rheumatism, Chronic, Arthro'sia chron'ica,
 Rheumatismus ehronicus  seu  nonfiebrllis seu vul-
 ga'ris seu invetera'tus seu habitua'lis seu firig"i-
 dus, Rheumatal'gia, Rhumatal'gia, Iiheumntodyrl-
 ia, Arthrodyn'ia, Arthritis arthrodynia, (¥.) liliu-
 matisme chronique, Rhnmatalgie. is attended with
 pains in the  hips, shoulders, knees,  and  other
 large joints.  These  are at  times  confined  to
 one joint;  at others,  shift from  one to another,
 without occasioning inflammation, or fever.  In
 this manner, the complaint often continues for a
 great length of time, and then goes off. There is
 no danger attendant upon it; but the patient may
 become lame, and is  always  liable to painful re-
 currences.  Neither variety generally terminates
 in suppuration ; but effusion  of coagulable lymph
 is apt  to  occur, so  as to  occasion  permanent
 thickening  of the  parts.  The  great preventive
 of chronic rheumatism, and one of the most valu-
 able  curative  agents, is flannel, worn next  the
 skin.   The  whole class of rubefacients may, also,
  be used with  advantage.  The warm bath, espe-
  cially the natural warm  bath, the temperature of
  which does  not vary, is perhaps the most success-
  ful remedy  of all.
    Rheumatism of the Extremities, Aerorrheu-
  ma — r. of the Face, Prosoporrheuma — r. Gouty,
  see Rheumatism, acute—r. ofthe Heart, Cardior-
  rheuma—r. Lead, see Lead rheumatism—r. of the
  Leg, Scelorrheuma — r.  of a  Limb, Merorrheuma
  —r. Local,  Merorrheuma—r. of  the Loins,  Lum-
  bago— r.  Metastatic, see Rh. acute — r. of  the
  Neck, Torticollis — r. Partial, Merorrheuma.
    Rheumatism, Preabdom'inal, (F.) Rhnmati*-
  me jrri-abdominal.  Rheumatism of the  muscles
  of the  anterior and lateral portions of the abdo-
  men  ; supposed by MM. Genest and Requin to
  be the same as the nervous affection of the peri-
  toneum of Gooch.
    Rheumatism Root, Jeffersonia Bartoni.
    Rheumatism of the Skin, see Dermalgia—r.
  Topical,  Merorrheuma — r.  of  the Uterus, Me-
  trorrheuma.
    Rheumatism, Visceral.   Rheumatism affect-
  ing the muscular or fibrous tissues of the viscera.
    Rheumatism Weed,  Pyrola  maculata, P. um-
  bellata.
    RIIEUMATISMAL,  Rheumatic.
    RHEUMATISMUS  ABDOMINIS,   Coelior-
  rheuma—r. Acutus, Rheumatism, acute—r. Arti-
  culorura  acutus,  Rheumatism,  acute — r. Bra-
  chii, Brachiorrheuma — r. Cancrosus, Neuralgia
  faciei—r.  Cervicis,  Torticollis—r. Colli, Torti-
  collis—r. Cordis, Cardiorrheuma—r. Cruris, Sce-
  lorrheuma— r. Dorsalis, Lumbago — r. Extremi-
  tatum, Acrorrheuma — r. Faciei, Prosoporrheu-
  ma—r. Febrilis, Dengue—r.  Inflammatorius  seu
  hypersthenicus, Rheumatismus acutus—r. Intes-
  tinorum, Enterorrheuma — r. Intestinorum cum
  ulcere, Dysentery — r. Larvatus, Neuralgia faciei
  __r.  Localis,  Merorrheuma—r.  Membrorum sin-
  gulorum, Merorrheuma — r.  Non febrilis, Rheu-
  matism, acute —r.  Partialis, Merorrheuma — r.
  Pectoris, Pleurodynia—r. Phlegmonodes, Myosi-
  tis— r. Spurius nervosus, Neuralgia—r.  Univer-
  salis febrilis, Rheumatism, acute — r. Uteri, Me-
  trorrheuma— r. Vesicae urinaria, Cystorrheuma
  — r. Vulgaris  seu inveteratus seu habitualis seu
  frigidtis. Rheumatism, chronic.
    RHEIIMATIZ. Rheumatism.
    RHEUMATODYNIA. Rheumatism, chronic.
    RHEUMATOPHTHAL'MIA. Rheumophthal-
  mia ; from  'pevpa,  'pevpnros, 'rheumatism,' and
  otpda'Spta, ' inflammation of the eyes.'  Rheumatio
  ophthalmia. 
RIIEUMATOrYRA          802              RIIOITES
  RTIEUMATOPYRA, Rheumatism, acute.
  R11EIIM A T 0 SIS, Rh eu ra atis ra.
  RHEUMOPIITHALMIA,   Rbeumatophthal-
min, Sclerotitis.
  RHEXIS, 'pnt;is,  Rhegma,  Dirup'tio,  Rup'tio,
Ruptu'ra,  Rupture.  From 'pi/yvvpi, 'to break.'
Rupture of a  vessel or  organ.   Spontaneous
opening of an abscess.
  Rhexis Oc'uli.  Bursting of the eye from any
cause ;  spontaneous or excited.
  RHICNO'SIS, from'ptKvoopat, 'to become wrin-
kled;'  Cutis corruga'tio.  Wrinkling of  the skin
from extenuation of the body ; opposed to erKaois,
or distension from repletion.
  RIIIGOS, Rigor.
  RHIN, Nasus.
  RHINAL'GIA, Rhinodyn'ia,  from 'ptv, 'the
nose,'  and alyos, 'pain.'  Pain in the nose.
   Rhinal'gia  ab Intru'sis.  Pain in  the nose
from foreign bodies.
   Rhinal'gia  Vermino'sa.  Pain in  the nose
from worms.
   RHINAN'CHONE, Rhinan'gia,  Rhinostegno'-
sis; from 'ptv, 'the nose,'  and ayxovn,  'narrow-
ness.'   Contraction of the nose.  Snuffles.
   RHINANGIA, Rhinanchone, Snuffles.
   RHINCHOS, Rostrum.
   RHINENCEPHALIA, Cyclopia.
   RHINEN'CHYSIS, Rhinenchys'ia,  from 'ptv,
 ' the nose,'  tv, ' in,' and  xv(*>  ' I pour.'   An infu-
 sion or injection, made into  the nostrils, with  a
 syringe ealled Rhinerl chiles.
   RHINES, Nares.
   RHINI'TIS,  Nasllis, from  'piv, 'ptvos,  'the
 nose,' and  itis, denoting inflammation.   Inflam-
 mation of the  nose.  Coryza.
   Rhinitis Ulcerosa,  Ozama.
   RHINOBLENNORRHffiA, Rhinorrhoea.
   RIIINOCACE,  Cory'za  scar-latino'sa; from
 'piv,   'ptvos, 'the  nose,' and kukos, 'evil.'  The
 offensive discharge from  the  nose, and other
 symptoms  indicating a morbid condition of the
 Schneiderian  membrane,  that  accompany  the
 worst forms of scarlatina.
   RHINOCATARRHUS,  Coryza.
   RHINOCNES'MUS,  from  'piv, 'ptvos,  'the
 nose,' and Kvnopos, ' itching.'  Itching of the nose.
   RHINODYNIA, Rhinalgia.
   RHINOPHO'NIA. from 'ptv,  'pivos, 'the nose,'
  and furvri, ' the voice.'  A nasal voice, called, also,
  Dyspho'nia immodula'ta  nasa'lis,  Porapho'nia
  nasalis seu res'onans,  Psellis'mus na'sitas,  Myc-
  teropho'nia, Na'sitas, Vox seu Parala'lia nasa'-
  lis.   Speaking through the nose.
    RHINOPLAS'TIC, Rhinoplas'tica (ars) Rhi-
  noplasty, from 'piv, 'ptvos, 'the nose,' and irbacnjot,
  ' I form.'  An epithet applied to the operation for
  forming  a  new nose.  The Taliacotian  operation,
  so called because described by Tagliacozzi.   It
  consists  in bringing down a  portion of  flesh from
  the forehead,  and causing it to  adhere  to the an-
  terior part of the remains  of the nose.
    RHINOP'TIA, from 'ptv, 'the  nose,' and  o»r-
  ropai, 'I see.'  The act of  seeing over the nose.
  Squinting  over the nose.
    RHINORRHAGIA, Epistaxis.
    RHINOR'RHAPHY,   Rhinorrhaph'ia,  from
  'piv, 'pivos, 'nose,' and  'par/117, 'a suture.' An ope-
  ration for  the removal of epicanthis, which con-
  sists  in  pinching up a longitudinal fold of  the
  skin,  including  this fold in  two elliptical  in-
  cisions,  removing it, and bringing together  the
  edges ofthe wound by harelip suture.
    RHTNORRHCE'A,  Rhinoblenorrhce'a,  from
  '■uv, 'pivos, 'the nose,' and 'peto, 'I flow.'  A dis-
  charge of  limpid mucus from  the nose without
  any inflammatory symptom. A  gleet  from  the
  nose.
  RIIINO'SIS, from 'ptvos, 'a skin, leather,'or
from piKvos, 'rugous.'  The state of looseness and
excess of skin observed in phthisis.—Vogel.
  RHINOSTEGNOSIS, Rhinanchone.
  RHIPTASMOS, Jactation.
  RHIPTOLUSIA, Affusion.
  RHIS, Nasus.
  RHIZA, Radix.
  RHIZAGRA, Punch.
  RHIZO'MA, Rhizome, from 'pt$a, 'aroot.' The
part of the root of a plant, which consists of wood
or flesh, as in the carrot.
  RHIZOPH'AGUS, from  'pt$a, 'a root,' and
tpayw, ' I eat.'   One who lives on roots.
  RHIZOTOMIST, see Simples.
  RHIZOTOMUS, Apothecary.
  RHOA, Punica granatum.
  RHODEL^'ON, Oleum rosa'rum. Oil of roses,
or oil impregnated with roses.
  RHO'DIA, Rhodlola ro'sea, Rosea, Rosewort,
(¥.) Rhodiole,  from  'poSov,  'arose,' owing to its
odour.  Sex. Syst. Dioecia Octandria.  The root,
Roseroot, when  dry, has a very pleasant smell,
and is slightly  astringent.  It is not used.
  RHO'DINUS, 'pohvos,  Rho'dius, Rosa'ceus,
Ro'seiis, Rosa'tus, (F.) Rosat, Rosy.  Formed of,
or containing, roses.
   RHODIOLA ROSEA, Rhodia.
   RHODIOLE, Rhodia.
   RHODITES  VINUM.   Wine  in which roses
have been macerated.
   RHO'DIUM LIGNUM, Rhodium or Rosewood,
from 'poSov, ' a rose.'  The  wood or root of a  tree
supposed to be Genis'ta Canarien'sis of Linnaeus.
 (F.) Bois de rose, Bois de Chypre. Ord. Legumi-
 nosae.  Sex. Syst.  Diadelphia Decandria.   The
 essential oil is a perfume, and possesses cordial
 and tonic virtues.  Its smell is attractive to fish,

   RHODIUS, Rhodinus.
   RHODODAPIINE, Nerium oleander.
   RHODODAPHNIS, Nerium oleander.
   RHODODEN'DRON  CHRYSAN'TIIEMUM,
 R. chrysan'thum seu au'reutn  seu ofiicina'le,  Ole-
 an'der,  Rose-bay, Yellow rhododendrum,  Moun-
 tain Laurel, (¥.) Rosage, R. chrysanthe, Rose de
 Sibirie,  from   'pooov, 'a  rose,'  and  otv&pov, 'a
 tree.'  Nat. Ord. Ericaceae.  Sex. Syst. Decan-
 dria Monogynia.  This  plant has been recom-
 mended  in  rheumatism, gout, and syphilis.  In
 an  overdose, it produces  acro-narcotic symp-
 toms.
   Rhododen'dron Max'imum, Great Laurel, Ame-
 rican Rose-bay. An indigenous shrub,  Ord.  Eri-
 caceae, which  flowers in July.  It is  stimulant
 and astringent, and has been used by the Indians
 in gout and rheumatism.
   Rhododendron Puncta'tum. Indigenous; has
 similar properties.
   RHODOM'ELA PALMA'TA,  ('pooov, 'arose,'
 and ptU, 'honey,') Dulse,  Sac'charine Fucus.
 One of  the   Alga3, eaten in  large  quantities
 throughout the maritime  countries of the north
 of Europe, and in the Grecian Archipelago.
   RHODOMELI,  Mel rosae.
   RHODON,  Rosa, Rosa  centifolia.
   RHODOSACCHARUM, Confectio  rosa?  gal-

   RHODOSTACTON, Mel rosae.
   RHODOSTAGMA, Aqua rosae.
    RIKEA, Punica granatum.
    RHG5AS, see Papaver rhoeas.
    RHOEBDESIS,  Absorption.
    RHCEUM, Rheum.
    RHOGMOS, Rattle.
    RHOI'TES, 'poirns, a wine impregnated  with
  the pomegranate;  from  'poa, the  Pomegranate,—
  Dioscorides.   A confection, made by boiling the 
RHOMBOIDEUS           803               RIBWORT
juice of the pomegranate in honey. — Paulus of I
^Egina.
  RIIOMBOIDE'US, from 'pop$os, 'a rhombus,'
whose sides are equal, with two obtuse and  two
acute  angles.   Rhombo'ideus  major and  minor,
Rhombo'i'des,  Cervici-dorso-scapulaire. A  muscle
situate at the  posterior inferior part of the neck,
and at the posterior part of the back.  It has  a
rhomboidal shape, and is attached, by its inner
edge,  to the  posterior cervical ligament,  and to
the spinous processes of the last  cervical verte-
bra, and of the first  four or  five dorsal.   By its
outer  edge, it is attached to the spinal or poste-
rior edge of the scapula.  It is divided into  two
fasciculi, constituting the Rhomboideus major  and
Rh. minor, the latter being situate higher than the
other. This muscle draws the scapula backwards
and upwards, and impresses  upon it a rotatory
motion, which brings its inferior angle nearer to
the spine ;  and, consequently, depresses the  an-
terior angle and the shoulder.
   RIIOMBOS, 'popfios.  A bandage mentioned by
 Galen,  so called  on account of its  rhomboidal
 shape.
   RHONCHAL, Rhoncha'lis, from rhonchus, 'rat-
 tle.'  Relating or appertaining to rhonchus ;—as
 ' rhonchal fluctuation,'  the fremitus  that occurs
 through the influence of respiration as an  attend-
 ant on cavernous  rhonchi.—Walshe.
   RHONCHUS, Rattle, Snoring,  Stertor—r. Ca-
 vernous, see  Gurgling—r. Cavernulous, see Gur-
 gling.
   Rhonchus, Clicking.   A rhonchus which has
 been  considered positively indicative of the exist-
 ence  of tubercles in the  lungs.[?]
   Rhonchus, Crepitans, Rdle cripitant—r. Cre-
 pitans  Redux, see  Crepitant —  r. Mucous, see
 Rdle. muqueux—r. Sibilans, see Rdle cripitant —
 r. Sibilus, Rale sibilant—r. Sonorus,  Rdle sonore
 — r.  Subcrepitant, see Rdle muqueux.
   RHOPALISMUS, Priapismus.
   RHOPALOSIS, Plica, Pupil, Uvea.
   RHOPE, Congestion.
   RIIOTACISMUS, Rotacism.
   RHUBARB, Rheum — r. Chinese, see  Rheum
 — r.  French, Rheum  Rhaponticum — r. India,
 see Rheum — r.  Krimea, Rheum Rhaponticum
 —r. Monk's,  Rumex Alpinus, Rumex patientia—
 r. Poor man's, Thalictron — r. Rhapontic, Rheum
 Rhaponticum—r. Russia, see  Rheum—r. Turkey,
 see Rheum—r. Wild, Convolvulus panduratus.
   RHUBARBE, Rheum—r. Fausse, Thalictron
 — r.  des Indes, Convolvulus  mechoacan — r. des
 Pauvres, Thalictron — r.  Sauvage, Rumex pati-
 entia.
   RHUE,  Ruta.
   RHUM, Rum.
   RHUMAPYRA, Rheumatism, acute.
   RHUMATALGIA, Rheumatism, chronic.
   RHUMATALGIE, Rheumatism, chronic.
   RHUM.[TIQI'E, Rheumatic.
   RHUM A TIS ANT, Rheumatic.
   RHUMATISMAL, Rheumatic.
   RHUM A TIS ME, Rheumatism —  r. Aigu,
 Rheumatism, acute—?-. Articulaire aigu, Rheu-
 matism, acute—?-. Chronique, Rheumatism, chro-
 nic—;-. Priabdominale,  Rheumatism, prajabdoin-
 innl—r.d.  I'Utirus,  Metrorrheuma.
   RHUME,  Rheum — r. de Cerveau,  Coryza —
 r. de Poitrine, Catarrh.
   RHUS COPALLINA, see Rhus glabra.
   Rhus Coria'kia,  Adu'rion, Sumach, Shumach,
 Elm-leaved  Sumach,  (¥.)  Sumac des  Corroy-
 eurs,  Route.   Onl. Anacardiaceoe.   Sex. Syst.
Pentandria Monogynia.   This is the only species I
of  the  genus  rhus that is  innocent.  Both the '■
leaves and berries have been used as  astringents
and tonics.
   Ruts Glabra,  'Smooth Sumach.'  Indige- ,
nous, and officinal in  the  Pharmacopoeia of the
United States.  An infusion of the fruit — Rhus
glabrum [?] — which  is acid and astringent, has
been used  as  a cooling drink, and as a gargle.
An infusion of the inner bark of the root has been
recommended  in mercurial  ptyalism.
  Rhus Radi'cans, R. vernix, Poison vine (Ame-
rica).  This plant is poisonous (see Poisons, Ta-
ble of), and is extremely acrid, when applied to
the  skin, producing erysipelas  and vesications,
and has been used, like the next variety, in pa-
ralysis, and other nervous affections.
  Rhus Sylvestris, Myrica gale.
  Rhus Typhi'na, Stag's horn Sumach,and Rhus
Copalli'na,  Mountain Sumach, have similar
properties.
  Rhus Toxicoden'dron, Toxicodendron, Poison
Oak (America), (F.) Sumac viiieneux. This plant
has been used in paralytic affections and cutane-
ous  eruptions.  It  is  poisonous, like  the  last.
Dose, gr. ss. to gr. iv.
  Rhus Typhina, see Rhus glabra.
  Rhus  Venena'ta, Poison Sumach, and  Rhus
Pu'mila, have similar properties.
  Rhus Vernix, Rh.  radicans.
  RHYAS, from  'ptot, 'I flow.'  An ulceration of
the  lachrymal caruncle, with a constant flow of
tears.—Blancard.
  RIIYPARIA, Rupia, Sordes primarum viarum.
  RHYPIA, Rupia.
  RIIYPOS, Sordes.
  RHYPTICA, Detergents.
  RI1YPTICUS, Abstergent.
   RHYSIS, Flux.
   RHYSMUS, Rhythm.
   RHYSSEMA, Wrinkle.
   RHYTHM, Rhythmus, 'pvdpos, Rhysmus,  (F.)
Rhythme, ' measured movement.'  The order of
proportion, as regards time, which reigns between
the different movements of an organ — as of the
organism in  health and disease.  Thus, rhythm
is applied to the diurnal variations of the pulse;
and to the paroxysmal movements of an  inter-
mittent.
   RHYTHMICAL, Periodical.
   Rhythmical  Contractions of Muscles are
those that  succeed one another after regular in-
tervals.
   RHYTHMUS, Rhythm.
   RHYTIDOSIS, Rutidosis.
   RIB,  Costa—r. False, see Costa — r. Floating,
see  Costa — r. Sternal, see Costa — r.  True, see
Costa.
   RIBES  GROSSULARIA, R. uva crispa.
   Ribes Nigrum, R. olidum, Grossula'ria nigra,
 Cassis,  Black Currant, Gazel,  (¥.)  Groseillier
noir.   Ord.  Grossulaceic.   Sex. Syst.  Pentan-
dria Monogynia.  The berries—Black currants—
have been recommended  in sore-throat, as  diu-
retics.  The  leaves have  been  advised  for the
same purpose. They are chiefly used as preserves.
   Ribes Olidum, R.  nigrum — r. Officinale, R.
rubrum.
   Ribes Rubrum, R. officina'le  seu vulga're,
 Grossula'ria  non  spino'sa  seu rubra,  Red cur-
rant, (¥.)  Groseillier rouge; of which the  White
is only a variety.  It is cultivated, and affords
an agreeable fruit—Red currants, (¥.) Groseilles.
It possesses the qualities of the subacid fruits in
general, and makes an excellent preserve.
   Ribes Uva Crispa, R. grossula'ria, Common
gooseberry.  The fruit— Grossula'ria. (F.) Gro-
seille d  maquerean, Gooseberry,  Feaberry — is
agreeable,  and makes a good preserve.
   Ribes Vulgare, R. rubrum.
   RIBGRASS. Plantago lanceolata.
   RIBS, NECK  OF THE, Collum costarum —r.
 Short, see  Costa.
   RIBWORT, Plantago Virginica. 
RICE
804
RISUS
  RICE, Oryza—r. Disease, Cholera—r. Ground,
see Oryza—r. Jelly, see Oryza.
  Rice Water,  see Oryza.  The evacuations of
cholera have been  termed — from their  resem-
blance to riee-water — ' rice-icater discharges ;'
and  in India, '  congee discharges ;' — congee in
Hindoostanee meaning ' rice-water.'
  Rice, Wild, Zizania aquatica.'
  RICHARDSONIA, see  Ipecacuanha.
  RICHLEAF,  Collinsonia Canadensis.
  RICHWEED, Actaea racemosa, Ambrosia tri-
fida, Collinsonia Canadensis, Pilea pumila.
  RICIN, Ricinus communis.
  RICINOIDES, Jatropha curcas.
  RICINUS COMMU'NIS, from  ricinus,  'a
tick,' which its seed resembles; Ricinus vulga'ris
seu  vir'idis, Palma  Christi, Catapu'tia  major,
Faba purga'trix, Cerua, Kerua, Cici,  Castor oil-
plant, (¥.) Ricin,  Feve purgatif.  Ord. Euphor-
biacea?.  Sex. Syst. Moncecia Monadelphia.  Cas-
tor-oil seeds, whence the oil  is obtained, are in-
odorous ; taste acrid and slightly sweetish.  One
or two seeds —  Senlina Catapu'tia majo'ris seu
Ric"ini. vulga'ris—will act as a cathartic ; but the
oil is alone used.  It  is obtained by bruising the
castor-seeds, previously  decorticated, and  then
expressing the oil without the application of heat.
Recently-drawn  castor oil, Oleum de  kerva  seu
kervi'rutin, Alker'va,0. Ric"ini seu  Cic"inum seu
Palma Uq'uidum seu de Palmd  Christi,— in the
United States often called simply Oil, (¥.) Huile
de Ricin—is inodorous and nearly insipid.   It is
cathartic, operating speedily, and may  be used in
all cases where powerfully stimulating purgatives
would be  injurious.  Dose, f!Jj  to f^iss.  Hufe-
land  recommends that a drop of croton oil shall
be added to an ounce  of the oil of poppy, and that
the mixture shall be  called  O'leum Ric"ini Offi-
cina'le.
  At the Cape of Good Hope the oil is obtained
from Ricinus liv'idns.
  A variety of Ricinus at Cape Verd is employed
by the inhabitants to increase  the  secretion of
milk.  It is applied in the form of poultice, made
with  the green  leaves, to the mammae, or of a
strong decoction, with which the mammae  and
the external parts  of generation are washed.
  Ricinus Lividus, see Ricinus  communis  — r.
Major, Jatropha curcas—r. Minor, Jatropha ma-
nihot — r. Viridis, R. communis — r. Vulgaris, R.
communis.
  RK'K. Malleolus.
  RICKETS, Rachitis.
  RICKETY, Rachiticus.
  RICTUS  LUPINUS, see Harelip.
  RIDE, Wrinkle.
  RIDE, Wrinkled.
   RTDING (of Bomes).  Ossium snperposil"io,
(F.) Chevauchement.  Displacement  of the frag-
ments of a bone, chiefly produced by the contrac-
tion  of muscles, which occasions shortening of
the  limb;  the fractured extremities riding over
each other instead of being end to end.
   Riding-hag, Incubus.
   RIFE,  (Sax.) pype, (Prov.)  Brief. Prevail-
ing; as applied  to diseases.
   RIFT. Eructation.
   RIGIDITAS, Rigidity.
   Rigiditas Articulo'rum,  Ancylo'sis spu'ria.
Stiffness of the joints.  False ancylosis.
   RIGIDITlS, Rigidity—r. Cadavirique, see Ri-
gidity.
   RIGIDITY,Rigid'itas, from rigere,  'tostiffen,'
(F.) Rigidili, Roideur, Raideur. Great stiffness
of  fibre,  or want  of suppleness.  The  stiffness
ofthe dead body. Cadav'eric rigidity, (¥.) Roideur
ou Rigidili cadavirique, is  one of the signs of
the  cessation  of life.  It may be removed,  how-
ever, for a time, by the injection into the nrfcries
of oxygenated defibrinated  blood.   See Rigor
mortis.
  RI'GOR,  Rhigos, Algor, Coldness,  Cheim'in,
(¥.) Frisson.  Same etymon.  Sensation of cold,
with involuntary shivering ox shaking of the whole
body :■—a symptom of fever.   A slighter degree,
and at  times full rigor, is occasionally termed a
chill,  (Prov.) cream ; firigus ten'ue, perfrigera'tin.
  Rigor Artuum, Contractu™— r.  Cadaverosus,
Rigor mortis — r. Corporis mortui,  Rigor mortis
—r. Ernortualis, Rigor mortis — r. Maxillae infe-
rioris, Trismus.
  Rigor Mortis, R. cor'poris mor'tui seu eada-
vero'sus seu emortua'lis, Necronarce'tna, (¥.) Roi-
deur ou Raideur ou Rigidili cadavirique. ' Stiff-
ness of  death.'  Death stiffening.   The  rigidity
of limbs that occurs on dissolution.  See Rigidity.
  Rigor Nervorum, Tetanus — r. Nervosus, Te-
tanus.
  RIMA,  Schisma, Schiza; 'a fissure,  a cleft:'
as Rima seu Ri'mula Glot'tidis seu Laryn'gis, the
opening of the glottis. Rima seu li.  magna vulva,
Intro'itus, Sinus vulva, Scapha, Scaphus seu Fis-
su'ra  magna seu  Scissu'ra vulva, Schiza, the
opening of the vulva.   See Vulva.  Rima oris,
the opening ofthe mouth.
  Rima Canalis  Orbitarii, Suborbitar fissure —
r. ad Infundibulum, Vulva cerebri — r. Laryngis,
Rima glottidis—r. Magna Vulvas, see Rima — r.
Oris, see Rima—r. Transversa Magna Cerebri, Fis-
sure, transverse, ofthe brain—r. Vulvae, see Rima.
  RIM.E, Rhagades.
  R1MULA  GLOTTIDIS, Rima glottidis — r.
Laryngis, Rima glottidis.
  RINiEUS, Compressor naris.
  RINCHOS, Rostrum.
  RING,  (Sax.)  hjuns, pins, (Germ.)  Ring,
Cricos, (¥.) Anneau.  A  name given to natural,
circular, or roundish apertures, with muscular or
aponeurotic parietes, which serve  for the  passage
of some vessel or  canal: — as the umbilical ring,
inguinal ring, &C
  RINGS, FESTOONED, Annuli  fibro-cartiln-
ginei—r. Fibro-cartilaginous, Annuli  fibro-carti-
laginei.
  RING-FINGER, Annular finger.
  R1NGMAN, Annular finger.
  RINGWORM,   Herpes circinatus — r. of the
Scalp, Porrigo  scutulata — r.  Ulcerative, Herpes
exedens — r. Vesicular, Herpes prseputii.
  RIO  VINAIGRO, Passambio.   A  stream  of
some  size in New Grenada, which is strongly im-
pregnated with sulphuric acid.
  HIRE ou RIS, Risus—r. Canin,  Canine laugh
— r. Moqueur,  Canine laugh — ?-. Sardoniert, Ca-
nine  laugh,  Risus sardonicus — r. Sardouiquc,
Canine laugh.
  RISAGON, Cassumuniar.
  RISIGALLUM,  Orpiment.
  RISING, see Regurgitation—r. ofthe Lights,
Cynanche trachealis.
  Rising  or Eleva'tion of the Pulse, Pulsus
eleva'tio.  The pulse is  said to rise, when it  be-
comes more  full  and frequent, as occurs in  the
exacerbation of acute diseases.
  RISO'RIUS NOV US.  Santorini gives this
name  to  a  portion of  the  platysma  myoides,
which passes from the  cheek towards the com-
missure of the  lips.
  RISSIGALLUM, Orpiment.
  RISUS, from ridere, riaum, 'to laugh.'  Gelus,
Laughing, Laughter, Laugh, (¥.) Hire  ou  Itis.
An involuntary movement of the muscles of the
face, and of the  lips in  particular, accompanied
with a sonorous and interrupted respiration, com-
monly indicating mirth and satisfaction.
  Risus Apium,  Ranunculus sceleratus — r.  Ca-
ninus, Canine  laugh—r. Involuntarius, Canine 
RITA-CRISTINA            8
laugh — r. Sardonicus, Canine laugh — r. Spasti-
cus, Canine laugh.
  RITA-CRISTINA.  A celebrated double mon-
ster, born in Sardinia, in 1829.  It lived  to be
nearly nine months old.  Two distinct bodies were
united at the pelvis. Below, the monster was single.
  RIVER  WEED, Conferva rivalis.
  RIVING, Eructation.
  RIZ, Oryza.
  ROAN TREE, Sorbus acuparia.
  ROI5, Roob, Robub, Rohob, Rohab, (¥.)Extrait
des fruits.    This word,  of Arabic  extraction,
means  the  juice  of any fruit  thickened to  the
consistence  of honey by evaporation, before it
has fermented.   The juice of the grape, boiled to
this consistence, was called Sapa, and, when not
quite so thick, Defru'tum.
  Rob Cynosbatos, Confectio  rosae  caninae—r.
ex  Moris, Diamorion — r. Nucum, Diacaryon.
  ROBIN-RI'N-AWAY, Glechoma hederacea.
  ROI5IN-RUN-TIIE-HEDGE, Galium aparine.
  R0B1NTA  AMA'RA,   Ord.  Leguminosae.
 Sex. Syst. Diadelphia Decandria.  The roots of
 the Robinia  amara  of Cochin China are bitter,
 and have been recommended, especially in that
 country, in diarrhoea and dyspepsia.
   Robinia   Pseudo-Aca'cia,  Pseudaca'cia odo-
 ra'ta, False Aca'cia, Black Locust,  Locust-tree;
 native of America.   The flowers are said to pos-
 sess antispasmodic properties, and the bark of the
 root to be emetic and cathartic.
  R0I50RANS, Corroborant.
   ROBORANTIA, Tonics.
   ROBUB,  Rob.
   ROCCELEA, Lichen  roccella — r.  Tinctoria,
 Lichen roccella.
   ROCHE'S EMBROCATION FOR HOOPING-
 COl'GII.  An  empirical  preparation, composed
 of ol. oliv. ,^xvj, ol. succin. §viij,  ol. caryoph.,
 q. s. to scent it strongly.
  ROCHE It, see Temporal  bone.
   R0C1IETTA ALEXANDKINA, Soda.
  ROCKBRIDGE  ALUM  SPRINGS, see Vir-
 ginia, mineral waters of.
   ROCKET, GARDEN, Brassica eruca —r. Ro-
 man, Brassica eruca.
   ROCK ROSE, Helianthemum Canadense, II.
 Corymbosum.
   lit)COU. Terra Orleana.
   ROODIKIN, Abomasus.
   RODENS, see Sorbus acuparia.
   RODEN-TREE,  Sorbus acuparia.
   RODSCHIEDIA BURSA PASTORIS, Thlaspi
 bursa.
   ROGNE. Psora.
   ROHAB, Rob.
   ROIIENA BARK, Swietenia.
   R01I01S, Rob.
   R01IUN, see Strychnos nux vomica.
   ROIDEUR, Rigidity — r. Cadavirique, Rigor
 mortis.
   ROISDORFF,  MINERAL WATERS  OF.
 Alkaline waters in  Germany,  which contain  car-
 bonic acid and carbonate of soda.
   ROLLER. Bandage, Fascia,
   ROMARIN. Rosmarinus—?-. des  Marais,  Sta-
 tice limon in in — r.  Sauvage, Ledum sylvestre.
   ROME,  (CLIMATE  OF.)  The climate of
 Rome, as regards its physical qualities,  is  con-
 sidered to be one of the best in Italy.  It is pe-
 culiarly  still;  and,  hence,  has been  esteemed
 favourable as a. winter climate in pulmonary dis-
 eases, and for invalids generally, as  it admits of
 their taking exercise in the open air at a lower
 temperature than tbey otherwise  could do.  In
 the early stages of consumption, Sir James Clark
generally found the climate favourable.
  ROMPEURE. Hernia.
  ROMPT-PIERRE, Pimpinella saxifraga.
ROS AGE
  RONCE. Rubus idaeus — r. Blette, Rubus cae-
sius— r. de Montague, Rubus chamaemorus — r.
Nuire,  Rubus fruticosus.
  RONCUUS, Snoring, Stertor.
  ROND, Round — r. Grand,  Teres major — r.
Petit, Teres minor.
  RONE, Sorbus acuparia.
  RONFLEMENT, Snoring, Stertor, see Rattle
— r. de Diable, Bruit de Diable.
  RONNACHS, Triticum repens.
  RONNING, Rennet.
  ROOB, Rob.
  ROOF OF THE MOUTH, Palate.
  ROOM, Pityriasis.
  ROOT, Radix — r.  Ague, Aletris farinosa — r.
Bitter, Apocynum androsaemifolium — r. Canada,
Asclepias tuberosa—r. Colic, Aletris—r. Red,  Ce-
lastrus, Lachnanthes tinctoria—r. Rough, Liatris.
  Root of Scarcity, Beta hybrida.
  Root, Squaw, Actaea racemosa—r. Sweet, Aco-
rus  calamus — r. Unicorn,  Aletris farinosa — r.
White, Ligusticum actaoofolium—r. Yellow, Xan-
thoma apiifolia, Jeffersonia Bartoni.
  ROPE, Nanus.
  Rope Bark,  Dirca palustris.
  ROQUETTE, Brassica eruca, Soda.
  RORELLA, Drosera rotundifolia.
  RORIF'EROUS, Ror'ifier, (F.) Rorifh-e, from
ros,  roris, ' dew,' and fierre, ' to carry.'  An epithet
given to vessels  which pour exhaled fluids on the
surface of organs.
  Roriferous Duct, Thoracic  duct.
  ROS, Sperm—r. Calabrinus,  Fraxinus  ornus—
r. Solis, Drosera rotundifolia.
  ROSA, ('poiov,) R.  centifolia — r. Afzeliana, R.
canina.
  ROSA  Alba,  R.  usitatis'sima  seu leucan'tha.
The White  Rose, (¥.). Rosier  blanc.  Ord.  Ro-
saceae.   >S'e.r. Syst.  Icosandria  Polygynia.  Tho
flowers of this species possess similar but inferior
qualities to the damask.
  Rosa Armata, R. canina—r. Asturica, see Pel-
lagra—r. Austriaca, R.  Gallica — r. Calycina, R.
canina.
  Rosa Cani'na, R. sylves'tris seu sentico'sa  seu
Sujartzia'na seu Afzelitlna seu arma'ta seu caly-
cina seu rubra  vulga'ris, Cyrror'rhodon, Caniril-
bus, Caninus  Sentis,  Cynovylisus, Cynosjjas'tnrn,
Cyntrs'batos, Dog  rose,   Wild  Briar, Hijt Tree,
(¥.) Rose dn  chien, Eglantier de chien, E. sau-
vage.  The  fruit of this variety, called Heps or
Hips, Hojts, (Sc.) Doghip, has a sourish taste,  and
is formed into a conserve.   See Confectio cynos-
bati.  It is seldom employed, except to give form
to more active remedies;  as  to  pills,  boluses,
linctuses, Ac.
  Rosa Centifo'lia, Rosa,  R. Damasce'na  seu
Pallida, Hecatomjthylla,  Damask  Rose, Hun-
dred leaved or  Cabbage rose', (¥.) Rosier d  cent
feuilles, Rhodon. The petals of this rose have an
extremely fragrant odour, and sub-acidulous taste.
They are laxative; but are scarcely used for  any
purposes except for the distillation of rose water,
 Oil  of Roses, Oleum Rosa, Attar, Otto or Essence
of Roses, and the formation of a syrup.
  Rosa Damascena, R. centifolia.
  Rosa (Jai.'lica, R. Austriaca  seu rubra,  Red
Rose. (¥.) Rosier de Pr-ovins.   The petals of  this
variety are astringent;  and are used in infusion,
conserve, <fec.
  Rosa Leucantha, R. alba—r. Pallida, R. cen-
tifolia—r. Rubra, R.  Gallica—r. Rubra vulgaris.
R. canina—r. Saltans, Essera — r. Sentieosa, R.
canina — r. Swartziana, R.  canina — r. Sylvestris,
R.  ciiiiina — r. Usatitissima,  R. alba.
   ROSACE. Roseola.
   ROSACEUS, Rhodinus.
   ROSAGE,  Nerium  oleander,  Rhododendron
 chrysanthemum. 
ROSAGO
806      ROTTLERA  TINCTORIA
  ROSAGO. Nerium oleander.
  ROSALIA. Scarlatina.
  ROSALINE. Scarlatina.
  ROSAT. Rhodinus.
  ROSATUS, Rhodinus.
  ROSE,  Erysipelas — r. Cabbage, Rosa centi-
folia—r. Campion, Lychnis githago—r. Christmas,
Helleborus niger—r. Corn, Papaver rhoeas—r. Da-
mask, Rosa centifolia — r. Dog, Rosa canina — r.
Dog, conserve  or confection of,  Confectio rosae
caninae.
 . ROSE  DU CHIEN, Rosa canina.
  Rose,  Hundred-leaved, Rosa centifolia — r.
Marine, Rosmarinus.
  R6se Rash, Roseola.
  Rose,  Red, Rosa Gallica—r. Rock,  Helian-
themum Corytnbosum.
  ROSE DE SIBERIE, Rhododendron crysan-
theraum—r. Spots,  Spots, red.
  Rose, White, Rosa alba.
  ROSEA, Rhodia.
  ROSEBALM, SCARLET, Monarda coccinea.
  ROSEBAY,  AMERICAN,  Rhododendron
maximum.
  ROSE DROP, Gutta rosea,
  ROSEE DU SOLEIL, Drosera rotundifolia.
  ROSELLINA, Roseolse.
  ROSEMARY, Rosmarinus — r. Marsh, Statice
limonium, and  S. Caroliniana — r. Wild, Erioce-
pbalus umbellulatus.
  ROSENHEIM,   MINERAL  WATERS  OF.
Rosenheim is 34 miles  S.  E.  from Munich,  in
Bavaria.  The  waters  contain  sulphuretted hy-
drogen, carbonic acid, carbonate of  lime, chlo-
rides of calcium and  magnesium,  carbonate of
soda, and oxide of iron.  Tbey  arc used as tonics.
  ROSE'OLA, Exanthe'sis  Roseola, Rose Rash,
(¥.) Rosi.trle, Eruption anomale,  Rosace, Fievre
rouge,  Efflorescence irysipilateuse, from rosa, ' the
rose,' on account of the colour.   An efflorescence
in  blushing  patches,  gradually  deepening  to  a
rose-colour, mostly circular  or  oval; often alter-
nately fading and  reviving; sometimes,  with  a
colourless  nucleus; and chiefly  on the cheeks,
neck,  or  arms.  It is  frequently found, as  a
symptom,  in  dentition,  dyspepsia, rheumatism,
Ac, and  is  of no consequence.  See Roseola,
Rubeola,  and Scarlatina.
   Roseola Acnosa, Gutta rosea.
   Roseola ^sti'va.  The  affection which pre-
vails in  summer.   The  eruption is of a darker
colour, and is attended with more itching.
   Roseola Annula'ta.  Characterized by patches
in  the form  of rose-coloured rays, with  central
 areas of the  colour of  the skin.
   Roseola Ficosa, Sycosis—r.  Typhosa, Spots,
 red—r. Variolosa,  Roseolas.
   R 0 S E ' 0 L IE,  Jiosco/a,   Roselllna, Rube'ola
 spuria, False  or  French measles,  (¥.)  Rosiole,
 Fausse rougeole.  This name is  also given by some
 to an  acute  exanthem, midway between measles
 and scarlatina, and which belongs to neither one
 nor the other, as it affords no  protection against
 either.  It is, also, termed Rubeola by some, and
 Rube'oloid, a term, which  is  applicable to  any
 eruption resembling rubeola.   An eruption which
 often precedes that of small-pox is termed Roseola
 Variolo'sa.
   ROSEOLE, Roseola,  Roseolas.
   ROSE  PINK, Chironia angularis.
   ROSES, MILK OF.   A cosmetic wash, formed,
 according to one method, of subcarbonate of po-
 tass, gr. vj ;  oil of  almonds, ^j  ; essence of berga-
mot, 3'j ! aqua rosa,  ^iij;  orange flower water,
 ^ij.  Mix.
   ROSEUS, Rhodinus.
   ROSEWOOD, Rhodium lignum.
   ROSEWORT, Rhodia.
  ROSIER BLANC, Rosa  alba—?-, d Cent fen
illes, R. centifolia — r. de Provins, Rosa (tallica.
  ROSIN, BLACK, Colophonia—r. Brown, Colo
phonia.
  Rosin Weed, Silphium laciniatum.
  Rosin, White,  see Pinus sylvestris—r. Yellow,
see Pinus sylvestris.
  ROSIO STOMACHI, Cardialgia — r. Ventri-
culi, Cardialgia.
  ROSMARINUM. Rosmarinus.
  ROSMARI'NUS, R. officina'lis seu latifio'lius
seu horten'sis, Alchachil,  Libano'tis corana'ria,
Dendrolib'arius, Rosemary,  (¥.) Romarin, Rose
marine, Encensier;  Ord.   LabiaUe.   Sex.  Si/st,
Diandria Monogynia.  The  tops of  this  plant,
Rosmarinus (Ph.  U.  S.),  Herba Anthos, have a
fragrant, grateful smell; and an aromatic,  warm,
bitterish taste, which is dependent upon an es-
sential  oil,  combined  with  camphor.  Rosemary
has been recommended in  nervous headachs, in
the form of infusion.  It is  now rarely used, cs.
cept for its odour.  The flower is  called Anthos,
av$os.   Its  oil—  Oleum Rosmarini — is  officinal.
From two to six or ten drops are given in nervous
complaints, rubbed up with sugar.
  Rosmarinus  Hortensis, Rosmarinus—r. Lati-
folius, Rosmarinus—r. Officinalis, Rosmarinus —
r. Stoechadis facie,  Teucrium creticum — r. Syl-
vestris, Ledum  sylvestre.
  ROSSALIA, Scarlatina—r. Squamosa, Scarla-
tina.
  ROSSIGNOL.  A name given, in France, to
an  affection to  which pressmen are  subject.  It
is a sprain, followed by tumefaction of the radio-
carpal joint.
  ROSSOLIO,  see Spirit.
  ROSTRUM,  Rhinchos,  Rinchos, Rarnphos, 'a
beak.'  (F.) Bee.  A  name  given to several old
forceps, on account of their resemblance  to the
beaks of different birds.   The principal were the
Rostrum corvi'num, anatlnum,  psittaci'num, vul-
tnri'num, cyg'neum seu olorlnum, grulnum, lacer-
ti'nttm, Ac.
  Rostrum Externum, Olecranon—r. Porcinum,
Acromion—r. Posterius, Olecranon — r.  Sphenoi-
dale, Azyges processus.
   ROSY  BETTY, Erigeron  bellidifolium — r.
Bush, Spiraea toraentosa—r. Drop, Gutta rosea—
r. Whelk, Gutta rosea.
   ROT, Eructation.
   ROT, Grinders', Asthma, grinders'.
   ROT'ACISM,  Rotacism'us, Rottacismns, Rho-
tacis'mns, Psellis'mus rhotacis'mus, (¥.) Grasseye-
ment.   A vicious pronunciation of the Greek, P,
Rati, common in the  northern parts of England;
especially  near  Newcastle.   Called, there,  the
Burr or Burrh.
   ROTACISMUS,  Grasseyement, Rotacism.
   ROTA'TOR,  from rotare, rotatum,  (rota,  ' il
wheel,') 'to turn round,' (F.) Rotateur.  A name
given to several muscles that  turn  the parts to
which they are attached upon  their axes ;—such
as  the oblique muscles of the eyes,.the pronators,
supinators, Ac.
   Rotator, Trochanter.
   Rotato'res  Dorsi.  Eleven small muscles on
 each side of the dorsal vertebrae, which arise from
 the point or upper  edge of each  transverse pro-
 cess, and pass to the lower edge of the arch  of
 the vertebra above, as far as the base of the trans-
 verse process.  Their action is to rotate the indi-
 vidual vertebrae  on each other.
   Rotatores  Femoris, Obturatores — r.  Oculi,
 Oblique muscles  of the eye.
   ROTCOLL, Cochlearia armoracia.
   ROTTACISMUS,  Rotacism.
   ROTTLE'RATINCTO'RIA. Aeuphorbiaceous
plant of India.   A powder is attached to the fruit
capsule of  this plant,  which is brushed off and col- 
ROTULA                  807          RUBUS  AFFINIS
lec'ed when the fruit is dry.  It is called Kameyla, ',
is used in Northern India as a vermifuge for dogs ; |
and has proved effectual against tapeworm in man.
The dose is two or three  drachms, which purges.
  ROTULA,  Patella, Trochiscus —r. Genu,  Pa-
tella.
  ROTULAD, see Rotular aspect,
  ROT'ULAR; from rotula, 'the patella.'   Re-
lating or appertaining to the patella.
  Rot'ular  Aspect.   An aspect towards  the
side on which the rotula is situated. — Barclay.
Rot'ulad is used by the same writer, adverbially,
to signify ' towards the rotular aspect.'
  ROTULE, Patella.
  ROTU'LIAN, Rotulia'nns, (¥.) Rotulien.   Re-
lating or belonging to the rotula or patella.
  ROTUNDUS, Round.
  110UCOU, Terra  Orleana.
  ROUEN,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  This
 water, known under the  name, Eau des fiontaines
 de la Mariguerie, is cold, and contains carbonate
 of iron, carbonic acid, carbonate of lime, chloride
 of calcium, Ac.  It is  tonic.
   ROUGE,  Colcothar — ?-. d'Angleterre, Colco-
 thar— c. de Prusse, Colcothar — r. du Sang, Hae-
 matin.
   ROUGEOLE. Rubeola — r. Fausse, Roseolae.
   ROUGEURS, Flush.
   ROUGH ROOT, Liatris.
   ROI'ILIE. Rubiginous.
   ROULEMENT DU LAMBEAU, see Flap.
   ROUND,  Teres,  Rotmldus,  (¥.) Rond.  Ana-
 tomists have given this name to many organs
 whose fibres  are collected in round fasciculi.  See
 Teres.
   Round  Foramen,  Fora'men  rotund'nm.    A
 foramen of the sphenoid bone, a little  behind the
 foramen  lacerum superius, which  gives passage
 to the second branch of  the fifth pair of nerves,
 called superior maxillary.
   Round Heart, Thaspium atropurpureum.
   Round Ligaments of the Uterus, Ligamen'ta
 rotund'a  Uteri,  (¥.) Cordons  sus-pubiens (Ch.),
 Cordons vasculaires. Ligaments ronds de I'ntirus.
 Two  cords, which arise frora the lateral and su-
 perior parts  of the uterus, whence  they proceed
 towards the   abdominal rings, which they  pass
 through,  and terminate by vanishing in the areo-
 lar tissue of the groins, mons veneris, and labia
 majora.   These cords  are whitish, flattened, and
 narrower in  the  middle  than at  the extremities.
 According to Mr.  Rainey, they are composed
 chiefly of the striped muscular fibre.
   ROUP, Cynanche trachealis, Raucedo.
   ROURE,  Rhus coriaria.
   ROUTINE  PRACTITIONER, Routinist.
   ROUTINIST,  pronouirced rottteen'ist;  (¥.)
 Runt inter ; from (F.)  routine,  'a regular habit or
 practice,  unvaried  by circumstances.'  One  who
 practises in  such an unvaried manner: — a ?-oi<-
 tine  practitioner.
   ROVE, Scab.
   ROVING, Delirium.
   ROWLAND'S SPRINGS, see  Georgia, mine-
 ral waters of.
   ROWTING. Snoring.
   RUBBER, INDIAN, Caoutchouc.
   RUBBING SOUND, Bruit de Frottement.
   RUBE'DO, Rubor, 'redness;' from rubere, 'to
 be red.'  A  diffused, but not spotted, redness on
 any  part of  the skin ; like that which arises  from
 blushing. Blushing.
   RUBEFA'CTENT,  Erethls'ma,  Erethis'ticttm,
 Rith,I'a'ciens,  from ruber,  'red.' nnd fiacio,  'I
 make.'   (F.) Rnbifiant.   That  which produces
 redness.  A  medicine which  causes  redness  of
 the skin.  The action is called Rubefiaction.
  R UDEFIANT, Rubefacient.
  RUBE'OLA, Rubeola vulga'ris, from  rubeo, 'I
am red.'  Rose'ola, Exanthe'sis Rubeola, Vetera'-
na, Blac'cia, Fersa, Blactia, Bovilla, Morbil'li,
Scarlatina jiustulo'sa  seu  milia'ris, Febris mor-
billo'sa, Tyjthus morbillosus, Phcenids'inns,  Ec-
phy'rnata. Measles, (Sc.)  Mtries, (Prov.) Crens,
Crewels, Malls, Mottles, Merrslings,  (F.) Rongeolc,
Fievre morbi/leuse.  One of the major  exanthe-
mata; generally affecting  individuals but once,
and  produced  by  specific  contagion.  Tbe rash
usually appears on the fourth, but sometimes on
the third, fifth, or sixth day of a febrile disorder:
and, after a continuance  of four days, gradually
declines with  the  fever.   The  disease generally
commences  from ten to  fourteen days  after the
contagion has been received.  The eruption  first
shows itself in distinct,  red, and nearly circular
spots, somewhat less than the ordinary areolae of
flea-bites.   As these increase  in  number,  they
coalesce;  forming small  patches of an  irregular
figure, but approaching nearest  to  that of semi-
circles or  crescents.  These  patches are inter-
mixed with single, circular dots and with inter-
stices of the natural colour of the skin.  On the
face  they are  slightly raised, so as  to give the
sensation of inequality of surface  to the finger
passed over the cuticle.   The disappearance of
the eruption is followed  by desquamation of tbe
cuticle.  Measles  is not dangerous  of itself; but
it is liable to induce pneumonia in winter, and
dysentery in  summer, which are,  at times, very
fatal.  These are apt to come on at the time of,
or soon after, the  disappearance of  the eruption.
When they  supervene, tbey must be treated as
idiopathic affections.   It demands  a general anti-
phlogistic  treatment.  Willan  has pointed out a
kind of Rubeola  spu'ria, which he calls Rube-
ola sine Catar'rho.  In  this the rash runs its
regular course, with little fever or catarrhal affec-
tion ;  affording no certain security  against  the
common or regular disease.  He  also  gives  tbe
name, Rubeola Nigra  or Black  Measles, to
an unusual appearance of the measles  about the
seventh  or eighth day,  when  the  rash becomes
suddenly livid, with a mixture  of yellow.  It is
devoid of inconvenience  or danger;  and is re-
moved in a week or ten days by the mineral acids
and tonics.
   Rubeola Spuria, Roseolae.
   RUBEOLA. Roseola?.
   RUBEOLOID. see Roseolae.
   RU'BIA, from  ruber,  'red.'  R. Tincto'rnm seu
peregri'na.  seu sylves'tris  seu  major, Erythrod'-
 amirn, Radix rubra, Dyer's Madder, Madder. (F.)
 Garance.  Family, Rubiaceae.  Sex.  Syst. Tetran-
 dria Monogynia,   The root of this plant—Rubin,
 (Ph. U. S.) — has a bitterish, somewhat  austere,
 taste, and a  slight, not agreeable,  smell.  They
 were formerly considered  deobstruent, detergent,
 and  diuretic.
   RUBTG'TNOUS,  Rubigino'sus.  from rubigo,
 rnbigim's,  'rust,'   (F.) Ronilli. Rusty.  Having
 the colour of rust. An epithet given to the sputa
 in certain cases of pneumonia.
   RUBINUS VERUS, Anthrax.
   RUBOR, Rubedo.
   RUBRI'CA FABRI'LTS. from  ruber, 'red.' A
 red. heavy, earthy matter, formerly employed for
 making drying plasters;  Hard Ruddle, Red Chalk.
   Ribrica  Sinop'ica.  A heavy, compact, red-
 dish earth : formerly used in diarrhoea.
   RUBRIN, Hrema'tin.
   RUBUS  AFFINIS,  R. fruticosus; allied  to
 ruber, ' red.'
   Rubus ARC'TICUR, Shrubby Strawberry, Bacca
 Norland'ica.  Ord.  Rosacea;.   Sex. Syst.  Ico-
 sandria Polygynia.  The  fruit is  recommended
 by Linnaeus as possessing antiseptic, refrigerant,
i and antiscorbutic qualities. 
RUCKING
808
RUMINATION
  Rubus Batus, R. caesius.                     j
  Rubus CVsius, R. batus, Dewberry plant, (¥.)
Rouce bleue.  The fruit resembles the blackberry
in appearance and properties.   The bark  of the
root of R. Trivia'tis seu Canaden'sis seu procum'-
bens seu fiagella'ris,  American Dewberry,  Low
Blackberry, is astringent.
  Rt'Bis Canadensis, see R. caesius.
  Rubus  Cham^:mo'rus, Cloudberry Tree, Cha-
wamo'rits,   C.  Nortvegica,   Chamadrys,   Cloud-
berries, Knot-berries,  (¥.) Ronce  de  M^ontagne.
The ripe fruit is  sometimes prepared like a jam,
and used in fevers, Ac, to  allay thirst.   It has
been much extolled as an antiscorbutic.
  Rubus Flagellaris, see  R. caesius—r. Fram-
boesianus,  R.  idaeus — r. Frondosus,  R.  fruti-
cosus.
  Rubus Frutico'sus, R. affr'nis  seu panicula'-
tus seu niger seu frondo'sns seu vulga'ris; Com-
mon Bramble, which affords Blackberries, (Prov.)
Jlrambleberries,  Bumblekites,  (¥.) Ronce noire.
The berries are eaten as a summer fruit, of which
they form a poor variety.  The bark of the root
of the Rubus villa'sus, American Blackberry, High
or standing blackberry, Hairy American Bramble,
is astringent and has been used in the last stages
of dysentery, and in cholera infantum.
   Rubus Id^'us, R.firambcesia'nns, Butos; Rasp-
berry, (¥.)  Framboise, Ronce.  The fruit of tbe
best varieties — (Sc.) Ilasjts, (Prov.) Hindberries
  — is extremely agreeable; and is much used.  It
was, formerly, called Batinon  moron.
   Rubus Niger, R. fruticosus — r. Occidentalis,
see R. strigosus—r. Paniculatus, R. fruticosus—
r. Procumbens, see R. caesius.
   Rubus Strigo'sus, Wild red raspberry, of the
United States.   The leaves  are often  used  as  a
mild astringent, as  well as those of Rubus  occi-
dentalis, Black Rasp'berry.
   Rubus Trivialis, see Rubus caesius — r. Vil-
losus, see Rubus fruticosus — r. Vulgaris, R. fru-
ticosus.
   RUCK TNG. Eructation.
   RUCTAMEN, Eructation.
   RUCTATIO, Eructation.
   RUCTUATIO, Eructation.
   RUCTUOSITAS, see Eructation.
   RUCTUS,  Eructation — r. Acidus, Oxyregmia
— r. Nidorosus,  Cnissoregmia.
   RUDBECK'IA  LACINIA'TA,  Cone floioer,
  Thimble weed;  indigenous: Order, Compositae;
is diuretic,  and has been given in nephritic affec-
 tions.
   RUDDLE, HARD, Rubrica fabrilis.
   RUDIMEN'TAL, Rndiinenta'lis, (¥.) Rudi-
 mentaire, from rudimentum, 'the first beginning.'
 That which is but slightly developed.
   RUDOLPHIA FRONDOSA, Butea frondosa.
   RUE, Ruta—r. Common, Ruta—r. de Chevre,
 Galega officinalis—r. Goat's, Galega officinalis—
 r. Goat's, Virginia,  Galega Virginiana — r. Mea-
 dow,  Thalictron — ?-.  des Miirailles,  Asplenium
 ruta muraria — ?-. des Pris,  Thalictron—r. Sau-
 vage,  Ruta.
   RUELLES, Wrinkles.
   RUFT,  Eructation.
   RUGA, Wrinkle.
   RUGINE, Raspatorium.
   RUGISSEMENT, Rugitus.
   RUGI'TUS, Brycheth'mas, from rttgire,  rttgi-
 ttiin. 'to roar.'  (F.) Rugissement.  A Latin word,
 which ordinarily expresses the roaring of the lion :
 and  which is  used,  by some  medical  writers,  to
 designate  a particular species  of borborygmus
 compared to it,
   RUGOSE, Wrinkled.
   RUGOUS. Wrinkled.
   RUM, Tafia,  Spir'itus Jamaicen'sis, Molaa'aes
Sjtirit, (¥.) Rhum.   A spirit distilled from sugar,
or molasses.   See Spirit.
  RUMA, Mamma.
  RUMEN, Hypogastrium, Ingluvies.
  RUMEX ACETOSELLA, Sheep Sorrel, Field
Sorrel;  indigenous; has similar virtues.
  Rumex  Aceto'sus,  R.  tubero'sus  seu ?"?ifer-
me'dius,  Lop'othum jtrutense, Ox'alis Aceto'su,
Acetosa  vulga'ris  seu  praten'sis seu   nostra*,
Anax'yris, A. arven'sis, Sour dock, Sorrel, Com-
mon Sorrel,  (Sc.) Docken,  (F.)  Oseil/e,  Vinette,
Aigrette, Surelle.  Ord. Polygonaceae. Sex. Syst.
Hexandria Trigynia.   The leaves are sour, and
are used in cookery, and also as  a refrigerant.
  R I'M ex  Acu'tus,  Sharp-pointed  Wild dock,
Oxy/np'athum, Lap'athum,  L. *yl res'tre seu ac«'-
tum, Rumex,  It. paludo'sus seu pusillus, Lttp'a-
thae,  (¥.) Patience  sauvage.   A  decoction of
the root has long been used  in  cutaneous affec-
tions.  It is, sometimes, employed for the cure of
the itch.
  Rumex ^Etnensis, R. scutatus.
  Rumex  Alpi'nits, Aeeto'sa Alplna.  The sys-
tematic name of the plant that affords the Monk's
Rhubarb, (¥.) Rhabarbe des Moines.  See Rumex
patientia.
  Rumex Aquaticus,  Rumex hydrolapathum —
r. Britannica, Rumex  hydrolapathum — r. Con-
fertus, R. patientia—r. Digynus, Oxyria reniformis
'—r. Glaueus, R. scutatus—r. Hastatus, R. scuta-
tus — r. Hastifolius, R. Scutatus.
   Rumex Hydrolap'athiim, Water-Dock,  (Old
Eng.) Brokeleak, Hydrolapathum, Rumex aqual-
icus seu Briton'nica, Herba Britarlnica, Luji'a-
thnm  aquat'icttm,  (¥.)  Parelle,  Patience d'eau.
The leaves of this plant are subacid, and said  to
be laxative.   The  root has been used as a tonic,
astringent, and antiscorbutic.  It has also been
employed externally in some cutaneous affections.
   Rumex Intermedius, R. acetosus.
   RuMEX  OBTUSIFO'LIUS,  Lajt'athum sylrestrc,
 Blunt-leaved Dock, Bitter dock.  The root of this,
as  well  as of R.  Crispus, Curled,  or  iS'oio-,  or
 Yellow, has similar virtues to those of the other
species.  Both have been used in decoction in the
same cases as sarsaparilla.
   Rumex Oxyotus, R. scutatus—r. Paludosus,
R. acutus.
   Rumex Patien'tia., R.  confer'tus, Lap'athum
 horten'se, Rhabar'barum monacho'rum, Hijtpolttp'-
 athnm, Patien'tia,  Garden Patience, Monk's Rhu-
 barb,  (¥.) Patience, Rhubarbe sauvage,  Parelle.
 This root, which  is supposed to possess the vir-
 tues of rhubarb, but in an  inferior degree, is, ac-
 cording to Linnaeus, obtained from  the Rumex
patientia ; according to Murray, from the Rumex
 ulplmts.
   Rumex Pusillus, R.  acutus.
   Rumex Sanguin'eus.  The root of the bloody
 dock, or bloody veined Dock, has an austere and
 astringent taste; and has been employed in dys-
 entery.  It is called, also, Lap'athum sanguin'euiu,
 (¥.)  Oseille ou  Patience  Rouge,  Sangdragtin.
   Rumex Scuta'tus, R. glaueus seu hastifo'lius
 seu ^Etnerlsis seu oxyotus seu hasta'tus, Aeeto'sa
 rotundifo'lia seu Romania seu Rotundifolia hor-
 ten'sis seu scuta'ta, Lap'athum scuta'tum seu ro-
 tundifo'lia,   Roman  or Garden  Sorrel,  Green
 Sauce, French Sorrel, (F.)  Oseille boucher, Oseille
 ronde, Petite 0.   Virtues  the Same as those  of
 the common sorrel.
   Rumex Tuberosus, R. acetosus.
   RUMINA'TION, Rumina'tio,  from  rumu or
 rumen,  ' the gullet,'  Merycis'mus.  A  function
 peculiar to ruminating animals, by  which they
 chew a second  time the  food  they have  swal-
 lowed.   An analogous phenomenon is sometimes
 seen in man.  One who ruminates is in French
! mirycole. 
RUM.MET
  RUM MET, Pityriasis.
  RUMP, Croupon — r. Bone, Coccyx.
  PUNCHES, Sinapis  arvensis.
  RUNCI.N'A, Raspatorium.
  U UNCI N ULA, Raspatorium.
  RUNIC ILL, Wrinkle.
  RUNKLE, Wrinkle.
  RENNET, Rennet.
  RUNNING, Cursits, (¥.) Course.  A succession
of leaps,  executed with rapidity, to transport the
body quickly from  one  place to another.
  Running,  Rennet.
  RUNSII, Sinapis arvensis.
  RUN'UXCULA,  Raspatorium.
  RUPES, Lips of  the Vulva.  See Lip.
  RU'PIA,  Rhypia, Ulcus aton'icurn, Ecjthly'sis
Rhy'/ria, Rhypilria, from'pviros. 'filth.' An erup-
tion of large flattish blebs, which contain a fluid
— at first serous, afterwards puriform, and often
bloody, which rapidly  concretes  into  crusts, at
the base of which are ulcers of variable depths.
  It requires the use of tonics internally, and of
stimulating ointments externally.
  Ruima Escharot'ica,   Pem'jthigus infan'tilis
pcu gangrano'sus;  known in  Ireland under the
names—white blisters, eating hive and burnt holes.
An  affection, which bears a close similarity to
pemphigus,  particularly   in  the   absence  of a
thick rugous crust, whilst in its  chief  feature,
that of ulceration, it evidently belongs to Rupia.
  RUPTIBILITAS, Fragilitas.
  RUPTIO, Rhexis.
  RUPTORIUxM, Cauterium —r. Commune, Po-
tassa fusa.
  RUPTURA,  Ecrexis,  Hernia, Laceration,
Rhexis—r. Corneae, Ceratorrhexis — r. Herniosa,
Hernia—r. Ovarii, Oariorrhexis—r. Uteri, Uterus,
rupture of the — r.  Vaginae, Colporrhexis.
  RUPTURE,  Hernia,  Rhexis — r.  du Coeur,
Cardiorrbexis — r. of the Groin, Bubonocele — r.
de la Matrice, Uterus, rupture  of the — r. Wort,
Ilerninria glabra.
  RUPTURED, see Hernial.
  RUSCUS,  R. ficuLa'lus,  Bruscus,  Oxymyr'-
rhine,  Oxymyr'sine, Myrtacan'tha, Catan'gelos,
Myacan'tha,  Sco'pia re'gia. Wild  Myrtle, Ceutro-
myr'ine, Butcher's Broom, (Prov.) Knee-holly, (¥.)
Petit houx, Fragon.  Ord. Smilaceae.  Sex. Syst.
Uioicia Monadelphia.   The root has been recom-
mended as an aperient  and diuretic.
  Ruscus Aculeatus,  Ruscus.
   S. A. Ac, see Abbreviation.
   SAAG, Urine.
   SABADILLA, Veratrum sabadilla, see Vera-
 trina.
   SABADTLLIN, see Veratrina.
   SABATILLA, Veratrum sabadilla.
   SABBATIA, Chironia angularis—s. Angularis,
 Chironia angularis.
   SABINA, Juniperus sabina.
   SABINE. Juniperus sabina.
   SABLE,  Mucnfo'sits. 'sanded,' from sabulum,
 'sand.'   Having the  appearance as   if strewed
 with  sand.   The  terms sabli and jriqueti are
 sometimes  applied  to  the  brain, when a slice of
it  exhibits  red points as  if it had  been strewed
with red sand.  Such is the case in cerebral hy-
pe ne mia.
9                SABURRA
   Rl'SCUS Hypoglos'sum,  Uvula'ria, Hypoglos-
 sitm,  Hipjtogloes'utn, Bislin'gua, Bonifia'cia, Lau-
 rus Alexuudrlna angiistifio'lia, (¥.) Laurier Alex-
 andria, Langne de chevul.  Formerly used against
 relaxed uvula.
   RUSH, SWEET, Acorus calamus, Juncus odo-
 ratus.
   RUSMA, see Orpiment.
   RUSPINI'S STYPTIC, see Styptic, Ruspini's.
   Ruspi'.ni's Tincture for the Teeth.  An em-
 pirical preparation, composed of Florentine orris
 ^ viij, cloves 3J, rectified spirit Oij, ambergris Qj.
   RUT, Heat.
   RUTA, 'pvrri, R. gran'eolens  seu horten'sis seu
 altera, Peg'an urn, Bestlsa, Common Rue, (¥.) Rue,
 Rhue, Rue sauvage, Herbe de grace ;  Orel. Ruta-
 ceae.   Sex.  Syst.  Decandria Monogynia.   The
 plant has a strong, ungrateful  odour, and bitter
 pungent  taste.  It is acrid, so as to  blister the
 skin.  Its properties are  reputed to be tonic,
 stimulant,  antispasmodic,  and  emmenagogue.
 Dose, gr. xv to ^ij.  The leaves are  officinal —
 Ruta.  (Ph. U.  S.)
   Oleum  Ruta, distilled  Oil of Rue, is antispas-
 modic; and, externally,  rubefacient.  Dose, gtt.
 ij to  vj.
   Ruta Altera,  Ruta—r.  Capraria, Galega offi-
 cinalis—r. Graveolens, Ruta—r. Hortensis, Ruta
 —r. Muraria, Asplenium  ruta muraria.
   RUTABULU.M, Penis.
   RUTA'CEUM, from Ruta, 'rue.' Vinegar of rue.
   RUTIDOMA, see  Rutidosis.
   RUTIDO'SIS,  Rytido'sis, Rhytido'sis,  from
■pvridoor,  'I wrinkle.'  The act of wrinkling; as
 llntido'ma means a shrivelled or wrinkled body.
 A destruction  or  atrophy of  the eye.  Corruga-
 tion and subsidence of tbe cornea.
   RUYSCHIA'NA TU'NICA, (F.) Lame ou
 Membrane Ruyschieune.  According to  Ruysch,
 and the greater part of his disciples, the choroid
 coat  of the eye is formed  of two laminae.  His
 son gave  to the inner the name  Tunica Ruyschi-
 a'na  or Membra'na Rnyschia'na seu Rnysch'ii.
   Tu'nica Cellulo'sa Rnyschia'na  is the areolar
 substance under  tbe peritoneal covering of the
 stomach.   It  is not  numbered  among the coats
 of that organ.
   RYE, Secale—r. Horned, Ergot — r. Robbin's,
 Polytrichum juniperinum — r. Spurred, Ergot.
   RYTIDOSIS, Rutidosis.
   RYTIS, Wrinkle.
  SABOT DE VENUS JAUNE, Cypripedium
luteum.
  SABUCUS, Sambucus.
  SAB'ULOUS, Sabulo'sns, Areno'sus, Psammo'-
des,  from sabulum,  'sand.'  Tbe  sandy deposit
often seen in the urine.
  SABULUM  CONARII, see Pineal gland.
  SABURA. Saburra.
  SABUR'RA, Sabilra,  Sordes.  This word sig-
nifies, by derivation, 'coarse sand, or ballast.'  In
its common  acceptation,  it means foulness ofi the
stomach, as itis sometimes called;—vitiated mat-
ters supposed to be retained and  accumulated in
the stomach—the result of imperfect digestion—
and which have been sometimes considered as a
morbid product  of the mucous secretion of that
organ, or of the biliary secretion;  at others, as a
le^iduum from alimentary substances  badly di-
-1
8
s. 
SABURRAL
810
SACCULUS
gested.   The Saburral state, Collu'vies gas'trica,
Crudita'tes ventric'uli, Gastris'rnus, (¥.) Embarras
gastriqne, Etat saburral, is an accumulation  of
saburrae  in the stomach, (F.) Saburres gastriques,
which the Humourists considered to be the cause
of a number of diseases.
   Saburra Verminosa, Helminthiasis.
   SABUR'RAL, Saburra'lis.  Relating or apper-
taining to saburrae,—as the 'saburral state.'
   SABURRATIO, Arenatio.
   SABURRES GASTRIQUES, see Saburra.
   SAC,  see Sack — «. Herniaire, Hernial sac —
s. of the Omentum, see Epiploon, gastro-hepatic
   SACCADE, see Respiration, jerking.
   SACCATUS, Encysted.
   SACCHAR, Saccharum.
   SACCHARHYDROLE, Syrup.
   SACCHARI F^EX, Melasses.
   SACCHARINA, Saccharolis.
   SACCHARO-ALCOOLE, Ratafia,
   SACCHAROLE LIQUIDE, Mellitum, Syrup
— s. Mou, Conserva, Electuarium — s. Sulide, see
Pastel, and Tabella.
   SACCHAROLES (¥.), Saccharlna, from sac-
charum,  'sugar.'  A name given by MAI. Henry
and Guibourt to medicines which have sugar or
honey for excipient,  or for predominant principle.
M. Beral so calls an exact mixture  of  pulverized
sugar with other substances also in powder, but
in less quantity.
   SACCHAROM'ETER,   (F.)  Saccharomitre,  |
             Pese-sirop, from saccharum, 'sugar,'
             and perpov, 'measure.'   A  hydro-
             meter adapted for determining the
             density of  syrups.  The marginal
             figure is graduated to Bauin6's scale.
             See Areometer.
               SACCIIAROMYCES, Torula ce-
             revisiae.
               SACCHARORRHCEA,   Glycyr-
             rhoea — s. Cutanea, Sudor dulcis.
               Saccharorrhce'a Lac'tea, Ga-
             lactorrhoe'a  sacehara'ta.  A  secre-
             tion of unusually sweet milk.
               Sacchakorrhcea   Pi lmona'lis,
             Sputum dulce seu sacchara'tum. The
             copious expectoration of unusually
             sweet matter from the lungs.
               Saccharorrhcea Urinosa, Dia-
             betes mellitus.
                SACCHARUM, Sacchar, caKXap,
             from Arabic,  or rather Sanscrit, Sa-
             kar, 'white earth;' Suchar, Succhar,
             Sutter, Zttchar,  Zu'caro, As'saknr,
              Tigala, Zac'charnm. Zozar, Zu'cha-
             ritnr, Zuc'carum,  Zitchra, Mel arun-
             dina'ceitm, Sugar, (¥.) Sucre.  The
             produce of the juice of Sac'charnm
             officinal rum  seu  officinale  of Lin-
             naeus, Calamus Irldicus seu Saccha-
             r'lnus, Sugar Cane,  (¥.) Canne d
              Sucre,   Cannamelle;  Arurldo sac-
  Saccharometcr. charif era of Sloane;  Ord.  Grami-
             neae ; Sex. Syst.  Triandria Digynia,
 and also of the beet, maple, Ac.
   True  Sugars are  those with which alcoholic
 fermentation  may be effected, by the addition of
 yeast and water.  They are :—

  Sjtecies.              Varieties.
 -        f Hard sugar of the cane, maple, beet,
  ........... 1    chestnut, Ac.
 „        J Liquid sugar,  sugar of malt, of  the
          |   sweet  potato, melasses, honey, Ac.
 „        f Hard sugar of the  grape, ripe fruits,
  ........... {   starch, diabetes, Ac.
 4...........  Hard sugar of  the mushroom.
  Imperfect  sugars are those in which alcoholic
fermentation cannot be effected by means of yeast
and water.

 Species.              Varieties.
1............Manna.
2............Sugar of Milk.
3............Sugar of jelly or glue.
4............Liquorice.
5............Picromel.

  Sugar is prepared from the expressed juice of
the sugar-cane, boiled with  the addition of quick-
lime or common vegetable  alkali.  It is used, in
pharmacy, for the  preparation  of syrups, con-
serves, lozenges, Ac. It is  nutritious, and is  em-
ployed as  an aliment, and as a eutropbic demul-
cent and antiseptic. Dissolved in small quantities
in  water, as  in tea, it is apt to disagree  with dys-
peptics;  an evil which  does not always occur
when the same substance is taken more largely.
  Liver or Hejtalic  Sugar, (¥.) Sucre du Foie,
has been recently found to  be a norinal secretion
of the liver.   It is more readily assimilated than
other varieties of sugar.  See Glucose.
  Saccharum Aceii'mim, S. Canaden'se, Maple
Sugar, is often used as  a demulcent.
  Sac'charum ALBUM, S.  pitrifica'tttm, Saccha-
rum (Ph. U. S.), Sal Indus, White Sugar, Refined
Sugar is the Loaf Sugar.  Double-refined Sugar
has been  called Tubarzet.
  Saccharum  Aluminatum.   Equal  parts  of
white sugar and alum,  powdered.  Used  as a
styptic.
  Saccharum Can'didum,  .S" candum seu cant urn
seu caiitlinin, Al'phenic, Nabot, Sugar candy.  Su-
gar candian, (¥.) Sucre Candi, is the crystallized
juice of the cane.
  Saccharum Candum, S. Candidum—s. Cantum,
S.  Candidum—s. Canthum,  S.  Candidum — s.
Commune, Saccharum non-purificatum.
  Saccharum Hordex'tvu,Barley Sugar^Prov.)
Sugar barley,  Pcnitles,  Penid'ium, Sac'char urn
penid'iiini, is a variety  of sugar candy.
  Saccharum Lactis, Sugar of milk.
  Saccharum  Non-Purifica'tum,  Muscm-tldi,,
raw, brown  or moist sugar, is the S.  commit'ne,
S.  rubrum, Mel canna, or coarse sugar.
  Saccharum Officinarum, see Saccharum — s.
Penidium, Hordeatum—s. Rosaceum,  Confectio
rosae gallicae — s. Saturni, Plumbi superacetas.
  SACCHARURE, from saccharum, 'sugar.'  A
medicine resulting  from the intimate union of
sugar with the medicinal principles of alcohol or
ethereal tinctures.— Beral.
  SACCULATED, Encysted.
  SACCULATUS, Encysted.
  SACCULI ADIPOSI,  Fatty vesicles —s. Cha-
licophori, see Lacunae of Bone—s. Laryngei, Ven-
tricles of the larynx.
  Sac'culi Medicina'les.   Bags containing me-
dicinal substances.
  Sacculi  Medullares,  see Medullary mem-
brane.
  SACCULUS, diminutive of sacens,  'a  little
sac'  This  name  has  been given to two  sacs
formed by the membranous vestibule, which open
into  each other, and contain the otolithes  and
otoconies: one of these  is  termed  the sacculus
vestil/uli,  the other sacculus.  See  Semicircular
canals.
  Sacculus,  Marsupion — s. Cephalicus, Cucu-
pha — s. Chylifer seu rorifer, Reeeptaculum chyli
—s. Cordis,  Pericardium—s. Ellipticus, see Semi-
circular canals — s. Lactiferus, see  Lactiferous
vessels.
   Sac'culus  Laryn'gis.   A caecal  pouch, of
variable  size, formed by the mucous membrane
in the ventricles of the larynx.—Hilton. 
SACCUS
8
11            SACROLUMBAR
  Sv-n-Lus  Mudicinalis, Pulvinar  medicatum
■—c. Sphericus, see Semicircular canals—s. Vesi-
cal, sec Bladder, sacculated — s. Vestibuli, Semi-
circular canals, see Sacculus.
  SACCUS, Sac — s. Coli,  Caecum — s. Cordis,
Pericardium—s. Hcrniosus, Hernial sac—s.  Epi-
ploicus, Epiploon—s. Intestini crassi, Caecum —
s.  Lacrymalis, Lachrymal sac — s.  Lacrumalis,
Lachrymal sac — s. Lacteus, Reeeptaculum chyli
— s. Mucosus, see Bursae mucosae —s. Peritonei
retro-ventricularis, see  Epiploon,  gastro-hepatic
—s. Pleura1, Pleura—s. Venarum cavarum, Sinus
dexter cordis — s.  Venarum pulmonalium, Sinus
pulmonalis.
  SACER, Sacral — s. Ignis, Herpes  zoster — s.
Morbus,  Epilepsy — s.  Musculus, Transversalis
dorsi.
  SACERDOTIS PENIS, Arum maculatum.
  SACHET  (¥.), Sac'cidus,  'a little sac'  A
small bag containing  perfumes to  be placed among
clothes  to  communicate to  them an  agreeable
odour.  The following is a formula for the pow-
der they contain.  Powdered cloves and powdered
cassia, each one ounce; powdered orris  root, an
ounce and a half; powdered yellow sandal wood,
one drachm;  otto of  roses, twenty-four drops; oi7
of lavender, oil of bergamot, each one drachm;
musk, six grains.   A scent-bag.
  SACK, (F.)  Sec, 'dry.'  A  dry wine used by
our ancestors ;  Vin sec.  Probably Sherry.
  Sack,  Saccus, Secluso'rium ; Sax. J*ac.   A bag
or pouch.
  Sack,  Her'nial,  Saccus  hernio'stts, (F.) Sac
herniaire.  An envelope or pouch, formed by the
serous membrane of  the cavity,  whence a viscus
has escaped.   We  distinguish, in a hernial sac,
its orifice or the opening  by which it communi-
cates  with the great cavity lined by the serous
membrane:  its cervix  or neck,  (¥.)  Collet, the
narrow  portion  on  the outside of the  orifice,
where strangulation sometimes occurs: the body,
(F.)  Corps, which is  the round  prominent part;
and  the fundus or bottom, — the  part opposite to
the orifice.
  Sack Posset; from sack, 'the wine,' and  pos-
set.  A posset made  of  sack, milk and other in-
gredients.
  Sack,  Serous.  The shut  cavity  formed by
any serous membrane, as by the  pleura or perito-
neum.
  Sack Whey, Wine AVhey.
  SACRAD, see Sacral  aspect.
  SACRA FISTULA. Vertebral column.
  SACRAL, Sacer, (¥.) Sacri.  That which be-
longs or relates to the sacrum.   A name given to
several parts.
  Sacral Arteries  are  distinguished  into,  1.
The anterior or middle sacral, Median Artery ofi
the Sacrum of Chaussier,  which  arises from the
posterior part of the  abdominal aorta, in front of
the 4th  lumbar vertebra.  It descends, in a ser-
pentine manner, upon the sacro-vertebral articu-
lation, and on  the anterior surface of the  sacrum.
It furnishes many lateral branches, which  unite
with the  lateral sacral arteries, and enter the an-
terior sacral  foramina,  to be  distributed to the
membranes of  the marrow, Ac.  2. The lateral
sacral arteries, which are two in  number; one on
each side.  They arise from the hypogastric,  from
the iliolumbar, or from  the gluteal; and descend
before the anterior sacral foramina, anastomosing
in an arched  manner, towards the coccyx,  with
the middle sacral.   They give off  external and
posterior branches, which enter  the  sacral fora-
mina;  and internal  branches, which are distri-
buted to  the pyramidalis, sacrum, Ac.
  Sacral Aspect.  An  aspect towards the region
where the sacrum is  situated.—Barclay.  Sacrad
is used  by the same writer adverbially to signify
'towards the sacral aspect.'
   Sacral  Extremities.  The lower limbs.
   Sacral  Grooves, (F.) Gouttieres sacries. Two
longitudinal  excavations, slightly marked, at the
posterior surface of the sacrum ; which appear to
terminate the vertebral grooves or gutters.
   Sacral  Nerves, (F.) Nerfs sacris, are gene-
rally six in number.  They arise from the termi-
nation of the spinal marrow.  The first, united
with the great cord  which  descends from  the
lumbar  plexus, concurs with  the  three others in
the formation ofthe sacral or sciatic plexus. The
third  and  fourth,  with  branches of the great
sympathetic, from the hypogastric plexus.  Tbe
fifth and sixth (coccyge'al nerve) are  distributed
to the ischio-coccygeus muscle, and to  the sphinc-
ter and  levator ani.
   Sacral  Plexus, Scialic plexus, — the sacral
portion of the crural plexus  of Chaussier, con-
stituted as just mentioned, is situate  in front of
the pyramidalis.   It  gives off,  backwards, two
branches, called the pudic, (¥.) honteux, and the
lesser sciatic.  It terminates  in the great sciatic
nerve.
   SACRE, Sacral.
   SACRO, in composition, relating or belonging
to the sacrum.
   SACROCOCCYGEAL. Sacro-coccyge'us.  Re-
lating to the  sacrum and coccyx.
   Sacrococcyge'al Articula'tion  is  that of
the lower extremity of the sacrum with  the  su-
perior facette of the coccyx.  It is closed by two
ligaments; — an anterior and a posterior sacro-
coccygeal.
   SACROCOSTALIS, Sacro-lumbalis—s. Fimo-
ral, Glutaeus  major.
   SACROCOXALGIA, from sacro,  coxa, 'the
hip,' and aXyos,  'pain;' a hybrid term.   Some
authors  have called thus a rheumatic affection of
the sacro-iliac symphysis.
   SACROILIAC, Sacro-illacus.   That  which
relates to the sacrum and ilium.
   Sacroiliac  Articula'tion,  Sym'physis  or
Synchondrosis,  Ilio-sacral  articula'tion, sym-
physis or synchondrosis, is the union of two sur-
faces;— two  inclined planes,  broader above than
below;  one formed by the sacrum, the other by
the ilium.  Both  surfaces  are incrusted by an
articular cartilage.  The bands which  strengthen
them  are the two sacro - sciatic ligaments, tbe
sacrospinal,  a sacro-iliac ligament, and some ir-
regular  fibres.  The sacro-iliac ligament is a very
thick assemblage of short, dense, irregular fibres,
occupying  the space which the sacrum and ilium
leave  between them, behind  their articular sur-
face.  Some  authors have termed some irregular
fibres, situate in front of  the  sacro-iliac articula-
tion, anterior sacro-iliac  ligaments, in opposition
to the preceding fasciae, which they call posterior
sacro-iliac.
   SACROISCHIATICUS, Sacro-sciatic.
   SACROLOMBAIRE,  Sacro-lumbalis.
   SACROLUM'BAR,.SWo-ZH??ion7?-s,»S'(7cro-/o???-
baire.   That  which belongs  to the sacrum and
loins.
   Sacrolumbar,  Sacro-lumba'lis, Saerro-lumba'-
ris Muscle,  Sacro-costa'lis, Dorso-trache'tian por-
tion ofthe Sacrospinal of Chaussier, (¥.) Lombo-
costo-trachilien, Sacro-lombaire, is seated  at the
posterior part of the trunk ; is thick and triangu-
lar below; flat and thin in the remainder, and
terminates  in a point at  its upper extremity.  It
is  attached to the  posterior surface of the sacrum;
to the corresponding portion of the crista ilii; to
the extremities of the transverse processes of the
lumbar  vertebra; :  to the angles of the eleven in-
ferior ribs; to the tuberosity of the first, and the 
SACROSCIATIC
812
SAGITTAL
posterior tubercle of the transverse processes of |
the last five cervical vertebrae.   The sacro-lum-
balis straightens the vertebral column when bent
forwards,  and maintains it straight.  By means
of its insertion into the ribs, it can  elevate or de-
press these bones, according as it contracts from
above to below, or from below to above.  It acts,
consequently, sometimes  as  an inspiratory, at
others as an expiratory muscle.
   From six or eight of the lower ribs arises  an
equal number of fleshy portions, which terminate
at the inner side  of this muscle, and are called
Mua'culi Accessor'ii seu Additamen'tum ad Sacro-
lumba'lem, (¥.) Accessoires du Sacro-lombaire.
   From the upper part  of the  sacro-lumbalis, a
fleshy slip, called Cervica'lis descerldens, Cervi-
calis descendens  Diemerbroeck'ii,  Transversa'lis
c oil at era'lis  colli, Accesso'rius  ad Sacro-lumba-
lem, (¥.) Transversaire grile, runs up, to be  fixed
to the transverse  processes of  the fourth,  fifth,
and  sixth  cervical vertebrae, by  three distinct
tendons.   These  last  parts, though separated by
some anatomists, belong to the sacro-lumbalis.
   SACROSCIAT'IC, Sacro-ischiat'icus.   That
which belongs to the sacrum and ischium.
   Sacrosciatic Ligaments  are two ligaments,
which assist in securing the  sacro-iliac  articula-
tion.  The great or posterior sacrosciatic  liga-
ment extends from  the  crista ilii  and  the  sides
of the sacrum and coccyx to the tuberosity of the
ischium.   The less or anterior sacrosciatic liga-
ment arises from the  same point, and terminates
in the spine of the ischium.
   SACROSPINAL, Dorso-trachelian portion of
the sacrO-lumbalis.
   SACROSPINA'LIS.  That which  relates to
tbe sacrum and spine.  Under this name, Chaus-
sier describes  the sacro-lumbalis, longissimus
dorsi,  transversalis, transverso-spinalis, and  in-
tertransversalis muscles.  He divides it into  three
portions.                _,
   SACROTROCHANTERTEN, Pyramidalis.
   S A C R OVE R T ' E B R A L, Sacro-vertebra'lis.
That which relates to the sacrum and  the ver-
tebrae.
   Sacrovertebral Articulation is the  junc-
tion of the last vertebrae  of the loins  with the
sacrum.  The  angle which these two bones form
nt the anterior part has been  called the Prom'on-
tory of the Sacrum, or the Sacro-vertebral Angle.
   Sacrovertebral Ligament  is  a strong ligu-
ment, which passes from the anterior part of each
of the transverse  processes  of the last lumbar
vertebra to be attached to the base of the sacrum.
Its  use is to maintain the articulation  of  those
two bones in. situ.
   SACRUM, Os sacrum seu basila're seu Alagas
 seu latum  seu  clun'ium,  Lus, Luz,   Ver'tebra
 magna, Albagiazi, Hi'eron ost'eon, Clunis, Sub-
 ver'tebra,  Subver'tebrum,  Vel ula;  from  sacer,
 1  sacred;'  because it  contributes  to protect  the
 genital organs, which were considered sacred, or
 because it was offered in  sacrifice.  The  bone,
 which forms the posterior part  of the pelvis, and
 is a continuation  of the vertebral column.   The
 sacrum is symmetrical and triangular,  situate at
 the posterior part  of  the pelvis, and concave an-
 teriorly.   It has,—1.  A pelvic or anterior surface,
 which  corresponds to the pelvic cavity, and has
 four transverse furrows, that point out the parts
 where  the primitive  portions of  the bone were
 separated from each other.   On each side there
 are four  foramina, called anterior sacral; these
 nve oblique, and  decrease  in  size, from  above
 downwards.  Through  them pass the anterior
 branches  of the  sacral nerves.   2. A  spinal or
 jrosterior surface, which  is  convex, rough,  and
 covered by muscles.  Upon  the  median line are
 four horizontal, tubercular eminences, forming a
continuation of the spinous processes of the ver-
tebrae ; and  below, a triangular notch, where the
sacral canal terminates.  On each side of the sur-
face  are  four  foramina,  called posterior sacral,
which are smaller than the anterior,  and  give
passage to the posterior branches  of the sacral
nerves.   3.  The vertebral surface or base.  Its
greatest extent is transversely.  It  is articulated
with  the last lumbar vertebra.  On  it is seen the
orifice of the sacral canal, of a triangular shape,
which decreases in width from above downward;
terminates the vertebral canal; is lined by a  pro-
longation  of the  cerebral membranes;  contains
the fasciculi ofthe sacral nerves; communicates,
externally, by the sacral  foramina; and termi-
nates at  the  triangular notch  on the  posterior
surface of the bone.  At the  sides of the upper
orifice of the sacral canal are  two articular pro-
cesses, which receive tbe articular  processes of
the last lumbar vertebra. The projection, formed
by the union of the base of  the sacrum with the
last lumbar vertebra, is called  the  Prom'ontory,
Promonto' rium  Ossis Sacri, Great  Angle ofi the
Sacrum or Sacro-vertebral Angle.  4. A coccygeal
face  or apex, (¥.) Face coccygienne ou Sommct,
which is very narrow, and is articulated with the
coccyx.   5.  Two  lateral margins,  which have,
above, a  broad, oblique surface, articulated  with
the ilium.
  The sacrum is developed by 30 to 36 points of
ossification.
  SADDLE, TURKISH, Sella Turcica.
  SiEPES, Sepes.
  SAFFLOW,  Carthamus tinctorius.
  SAFFLOWER,  Carthamus tinctorius.
  SAFFRON,  Crocus —s.  Bastard, Carthamus
tinctorius—s. Dyers',  Carthamus tinctorius.
  Saffron Flower, Carthamus tinctorius.
  Saffron, Meadow,  Colchicum autumnale.
  SAFRAN BATARD, Carthamus tinctorius,
Colchicum  autumnale—s. des  Indes,  Curcuma
longa — s. de Mars ajjiritif, Ferri subcarbonas—
8.  de Mars  astringent,  Colcothar — s.  des  Pris,
Colchicum  autumnale — s. Racine  de, Curcuma
longa.
  SAFRANUM, Carthamus tinetorius.
  SAFRE, Smalt.
  SAGA, Sago.
  SAGAPE'NUM,  Sag'apin,  Serapi'non,  (¥.)
Gomme siraphique.  A  gum-resin, supposed  to
be  obtained  from  the Fer'ula Per'sica.   Ord.
Umbelliferae.   Sex. Syst. Pentandria  Digynia.
Its odour is fetid  and  alliaceous; taste pungent,
bitterish, nauseous.  It is in small, agglutinated
masses of a yellow colour; tenacious;  breaking
with  a horny fracture.   It is a reputed antispas-
modic and emmenagogue.  Dose, gr. x to 3SS-
  SAGAPIN, Sagapenum.
   SAGE, Salvia—s. Indian,  Eupatorium perfo-
liatum — s. Jerusalem, Pulmonaria.
   Sage Tree,  Lantana.
   Sage, Wild, Salvia Africana, S.  Lyrata.
   SAGE-FEMME, Midwife.
   SAGENA, Epiploon.
   SAG ESSE  DES CHIRURGIENS, Sisym,
brium Sophia.
   SAGIMEN  VITRI, Soda, subcarbonate of.
   SAGIT'TAL,   Sagitta'lis,   Sagitteltus,   from
sagitta, ' an arrow.'
   Sagittal Furrow,  Sagittal Groove, (¥.) Gout-
tiire sagittate, is a channel on the median line  of
the  inner surface of the skull-cap.  It is exca-
vated in the  os frontis, in  the two parietal and
occipital bones, and extends from the crista galli
to the internal occipital protuberance.   It lodges
the  longitudinal sinus, which  has been called the
sagittal sinus.
   Sagittal Suture,  Obela'a sutn'ra seu Raphe,
 Sutura  Virga'ta  seu juya'lis seu Rabdo'i'dest 
SAGITTARIA  VARIABILIS     813
SAL
Tthabdoi'des,  Rhabdo'des,  Rhabdo'ideus  seu  Bi-
parieta'lis seu Iiiterjtarieta'lis. The suture which
unites the two parietal bones, and which extends,
from before to behind, on  the median line, from
the coronal  suture  to the lambdoidal.  It is so
called, frora sagitta, 'an arrow,' because  it seems
to meet the coronal suture as an arrow meets the
string of a bow.
  SAGITTA'RIA  VARIABILIS.   From  sa-
gitta, 'an arrow,' owing  to the prevalent form of
the leaves.   Arrowhead, Arrowleaf, Arrow weed,
 Wajtata of Oregon; Nat. Orel. Alisraacea?.  Escu-
lent, yielding fecula like arrow-root.  The roots
are cooling and sub-astringent, and are at times
applied to the feet in cases of yaws and dropsical
swellings of the legs.  The leaves  are applied to
the breasts to dispel milk.
   SAGITTA'RIUM  ALEXIPHAR'MACUM,
Malac'ca radix, Carina  In'dica,  Arnn'do Indiea.
A root cultivated in the West Indies,  and sup-
posed  to be a remedy for wounds  by poisoned
arrows.
   SAGITTATUS, Sagittal.
   SAGO, Sagus, Saga, Sagu, Segu, Am'ylnm pal-
ma'cenm, (¥.) Sagou, Sague.  A  fecula, obtained
 from the pith of the Sagus rumph'ii,  Cycas circi-
na'lis, C. revolu'ta, Ac, growing in  the Moluccas,
 Philippine Isles, Ac, and which  is brought to us
in  small grains.   The  same substance is, also,
obtained from the West Indies,  but it is inferior
to that from the  East.  By boiling in water or
 milk, sago  becomes soft  and  transparent,  and
forms an agreeable and  nutritious food in febrile,
 calculous, and other disorders.   It is made pala-
 table by sugar, lemon-juice,  or  wine, where the
 last is not contra-indicated.
   To make  sago into a proper mucilage for the
 sick, a tablespoonful of it should  be macerated
 in a pint of  water for two  hours, and then boiled
 for fifteen  minutes,  stirring assiduously.  Care
 must be taken, that the grains are perfectly dis-
solved by long boiling and constant stirring.
   Sago posset is made by putting sago, %^ij,  into
 water, Oij ; boiling until the mucilage is formed :
then rubbing sugar, §ss, on  the rind  of a lemon,
 and putting  it with  tincture of ginger, f^j,  into
sherry, Oss ; adding this mixture to the mucilage,
and boiling for five minutes.—It is a good resto-
 rative.
   Sago,  French, see Solanum  tuberosum,  and
 Arrow-root,   common—s. Portland  Island, see
 Arum maculatum.
   SAGOU, Sago.
   SAGU, Sago.
   SAGUE, Sa^o—s. Petit,  see  Solanum tube-
 rosum.
   SAGUERUS  GOMUTO,  see  Toddy —s.
Rumphii, see Toddy—s. Saccharifer, see  Toddy.
   SAGUS, Sago — s. Rumphii, see Sago.
   SAHARA. Tnsomnia,
   SAIDSOIltJTZ WATER, Seidschutz water.
   SAIGNIE, Blood-letting—*.  Spoliative, Spo-
liativa phlebotomia.
   SAIGXEMENT DU NEZ, Epistaxis.
   SAILORS, DISEASES. Ac, OF.  Sailors, by
nature of their occupation, are liable to many-
diseases.  Several  of  these may, however, be
warded off by proper attention to cleanliness and
ventilation.
   SAIN BOIS,  Daphne  gnidium—s.  Doux,
Adeps praeparatus.
   SAINT AMAND, MINERAL WATERS  OF.
Sulphuretted waters, in the  department of Du
Nord,  France.  They contain carbonic  and  sul-
phohydric acids.   The Bone or  deposit  contains
sulphohydric acid, ami  salts of iron and magne-
sia.   Temperature. ol°  to S2° Fahr.
  SATNT ANTHONY'S FIRE. Erysipelas.
  SAINT AUGUSTINE,  CLIMATE OF.  This 1
sea-port of Florida is a frequent retreat during
the winter season for the valetudinarian from the
more  northern parts of the United States.  Tbe
climate is certainly comparatively mild and equa-
ble; but it is liable to frequent north-east storms.
There are only a few days, however, in winter,
in which the invalid cannot take exercise  in the
open air.  Tampa Bay, and Pensacola, in Florida,
and Mobile, in Alabama,  which  are sometimes
visited by the consumptive, are less liable  to the
storms in question.
  SAINT CATHERINE'S SPRINGS, see Cana-
da, Mineral waters of.
  SAINT  CHARLES'S  ROOT,  Carlo  Sancto
(Radix).
  SAINT CROIX, Santa Cruz.
  SAINT JAMES'S  WORT,  Senecio Jacobaea,
Thlaspi bursa.
  SAINT JOHN'S DANCE, see Mania, dancing.
— St. John's Wort, Hypericum perforatum.
  SAINT KITTS, see West Indies.
  SAINT LEONARD'S,  CLIMATE OF.   This
place, which  is situate about a mile to the west-
ward of Hastings, in Sussex, England, is less shel-
tered  than it, and is therefore a less favourable
retreat, during the winter months, for the phthi-
sical valetudinarian.
  SAINT MYON, MINERAL  WATERS OF.
Some cold, acidulous waters at Saint Myon, neat
Riom, in the department of Puy-de-Dome.  They
contain free carbonic acid, subcarbonate of soda,
chloride of sodium, and carbonate and sulphate
of lime.
  SAINT NECTAIRE,  MINERAL WATERS
OF.  Springs in the department of Puy-de-D6me,
France.  They contain carbonic acid, bicarbonate
of soda, and  chloride of sodium.   Temperature,
75° to 103° Fahr.
  SAINT PARDAUX,  MINERAL  WATERS
OF. Chalybeate springs in the department of Al-
lier. France. They contain carbonic acid and iron.
  SAINT  SAUVEUR, MINERAL  WATERS
OF.  Sulphurous waters in  the department  of
Hautes-Pyrenfies, France.   Temperature, 76° to
93° Fahr.
  SAINT VINCENT'S, see West Indies.
  SAINT VITUS'S DANCE, Chorea, see Ma-
nia, dancing — s. Vitus's Dance  ofthe Voice,
Balbuties.
  SATR, Ulcer.
  SAIRE, Essera.
  SAL, Salt—s.  Absinthii, Potassae  subcarbonas,
see Potash — s. Acetosella?, Potass, oxalate of —
s. Acetosus ammoniaealis,  Liquor  ammoniic ace-
tatis—s. Acidum  benzoes,  Benjamin—s. Aeratus,
see Potassa- carbonas—s. Albus, Soda, muriate of
—s. Alembroth,  Alembroth salt—s. Alkali, Soda,
subcarbonate of—s. Alkalinus  fixus fossilis, Soda
—s. Amnrum, Magnesiae  sulphas—s. Ammoniac,
volatile, Ammonite carbonas—s. Ammoniacum,
Ammoniae  murias — s.  Ammoniacum martiale,
Ferrum ammoniatum—s. Ammoniacum secretum
Glauberi, Ammoniu?  sulphas — s.  Ammoniacum
tartarenin, Ammonia? tartras — s.  Ammoniacum
vegetabile, Liquor ammoniae acetatis—s. Amino-
niacus nitrosus, Ammonia? nitras — s. Ammoniu;,
Ammoniae  murias — s.  Anglicanum, Magnesias
sulphas—s. Antiepilepticus of Weissman, Cuprum
ammoniatum — s. Antiinonii, Antimonium  tarta-
rizatum—s. Ammoniacum, Ammoniae murias—s.
Armoniacum, Ammonia1 murias—s. Artis,  Alem-
broth salt—s. Asphaltitis, Bit  noben—s. Cathar-
ticus amarus, Magnesia? sulphas — s. Catharticus
Glauberi, Soda, sulphate of—s. Communis, Soda,
muriate of—s.  Cornu cervi volatile, Ammonite
carbonas—s.  Culinaris, Soda,  muriate of—s. Di-
gestivus Sylvii, Potass^  murias —s. Diureticus,
Potassie acetas —s. de Duobus, Potassa? sulphas
— s.  Ebsdamense, Magnesia:-  sulphas — s. Enix- 
SALAAM  CONVULSION       814               SALIVARY
um, Potassae supersulphas—s. Epsomensis,  Mag- ]
riesia? sulphas —s. Essentiale Benzoes, Benjamin
— s. Essentiale corticis  Peruviani,  Quinine — s.
Febrifugus of Lemery, Potassae supersulphas—s.
Febrifugus Sylvii, Potassa? murias — s. Fontium,
Soda, muriate of—s. Fossilis, Soda,  muriate of—
s. Fuliginis,  Ammoniu?  carbonas — s. Gemmae,
Soda, muriate of—s. Herbarum, Potassae subcar-
bonas— s. Indus, Saccharum album — s. Lixivi-
osutn, see Lixivium — s. Lucidum, Soda,  muriate
of—s.  Marinus,  Soda,  muriate  of—s.  Martis,
Ferri sulphas—s. Martis  Muriaticum sublima-
tum, Ferrum ammoniatum—s. Mirabile perlatum,
Soda, phosphate of—s. Mirabilis Glauberi,  Soda,
sulphate of—s. Muriaticum baroticum,  Baryta,
muriate of—s. Nitrum, Potassae nitras — s.  Os-
sium, Ammoniae carbonas—s. Panchrestum,  Po-
tassae  tartras—s. Petrae, Potassae  nitras—s. Tar-
tarum,  Potassae subcarbonas—s.  Plumbi, Plumbi
superacetas—s. Polychrestus, Potassae sulphas—
s.  Polychrestus Glaseri, Potassae  sulphas cum
sulphure — s. Polychrestum Seignetti, Soda,  tar-
trate of—s. Prunellas, Potassas nitras fusus  sul-
phatis paucillo mixtus—s. Rupellensis, Soda,  tar-
trate of— s. Sapientiae, Alembroth  salt,  Potassae
sulphas — s.  Saturni,  Plumbi superacetas — s.
Scientiae, Alembroth salt — s. Secretus Glauberi,
Ammoniae sulphas—s. Sedativus Hombergi,  Bo-
racic acid — s.  Sedlicensis, Magnesiae sulphas —
s. Seignetti, Soda, tartrate  of—s. Sennerti,  Po-
tassae acetas — s. Seydschiitzense, Magnesiae  sul-
phas— s.  Sodas, Soda, subcarbonate  of—s.  So-
 domenus,  Bit noben — s. Succini,  Succinic acid
— s. Tartari, Potassae subcarbonas,  see Potash —
 s. Tartari essentiale, Tartaric acid — s.  Tartari
 sulphuratum, Potassae  sulphas — s. Urinae,  Mi-
 crocosmicum Sal — s. Urinosum, Urea — s.  Vege-
 tabilis, Potassae tartras—s. Vitae, Alembroth  salt
 — s. Vitrioli, Zinci  sulphas — s. Vitrioli  narcoti-
 cum, Boracic acid — s. Volatile,  Ammoniae  car-
 bonas,  Spiritus ammoniae aromaticus—s.  Vola-
 tile Benzoes, Benjamin—s.  Volatile boracis,  Bo-
 racic acid — s. Volatile  oleosum  Sylvii,  Spiritus
 ammoniae aromaticus — s. Volatile succini, Suc-
 cinic  acid — s. Volatilis  salis ammoniaci, Am-
 monias carbonas — s. Vomitorium  vitrioli, Zinci
 sulphas.
   SALAAM  CONVULSION, see Convulsion,
 Salaam.
   SALAB, Salep.
   SALACITAS,  Satyriasis — s. Vulvae,  Nym-
 phomania.
   SALAD, CORN,  Valeriana  dentata.
   SALAP, Salep.
   SALCOMBE, (CLIMATE OF.)  A small place
 — the  Montpelier of Huxham — which is one of
 the warmest spots on the S. W. coast of England,
 and, therefore, in this  respect  adapted for the
 phthisical invalid as a winter retreat.
   SALEP, Saloop'  (so pronounced.)  Salab, Sa-
 lop.  The prepared bulb of the  Orchis  mas'cula
 and other species of Orchis.  The salep  of Cach-
 mere is from a species of Eitloph'ia.  Salep  is in
 small,  irregular, hard masses.  In its  composition
 in  relation to water, it is closely analogous to
 tragacanth.  It is  possessed  of similar virtues
 with sago, tapioca, Ac.  The mucilage is  prepared
 by  dissolving the powdered salep  in hot  water,
 with assiduous stirring, and adding to  the solu-
 tion sugar and milk.
    Salep, Otaheite, Arrow-root.(Tahiti).
   SALER'NUM, (SCHOOL  OF.)  An ancient
 school of medicine at Salerno in Italy.  It was
 established by Charlemagne, in 802; and was the
 first Christian  university at which medicine was
 taught.  It was  much  celebrated, especially in
 the 12th  century.  The  work on hygiene, " De
 Conservandd Valetudine," which  bears its  name,
 has passed  through  several editions in various
languages.   Tt is supposed to have been written
by John of Milan, in 1100, and is in Leonine
verses.
  SALICARIA, Lythrum salicaria.
  SALICINE, see Salix.
  SALICORNIA ARABICA, Ac, see Sodn.
  SALINE', Sallnus, Satina'cius, Salinac"idus,
Salltus, Salsus, Hallnus,  Halmy'rus,  'nlpvum,
Halico'des, Sallnotts, from sal. That which con-
tains a salt, or has the properties of a salt.
  Saline Draught or Mixture.   This may be
made as follows:—Potass, carbon. Qj, acid, citric.
seu tartar,  gr.  XV seu succ.  Union, recent, ^ss,
aqua f^viij, syrup, cujusvis ^j. M.  Given in di-
vided doses as a febrifuge.
  Saline Effervescing Draught  or Mixture
is made by adding a due proportion  of either of
the acids above  mentioned, or of lemon-juice, to
the proper  proportion ofthe carbonate of soda or
potassa.  About 25 grains of the acid saturate
30 grains of the carbonate.  See Powders, soda.
  SALINES, see Kentucky, mineral waters of.
  SALINOUS,  Saline.
  SALIS  AMMONIACI  FLORES, Ammonia)
carbonas.
  SALITIO. Leap.
  SALITUS, Saline.
  SALIUM, Saliva.
  SALIUNCA,  Valeriana Celtiea.
  SALI'VA, Slalon, Slelon, Sialo'ma, Ptysrna,
Pty'alon, Pty'elon,  Su'lium,  Sjtuta'men,  Sputti-
men'tum,  Sputum,  Spittle, (Old.  Eng.)  Sjraul,
(Prov.) Spoat.  An inodorous, insipid, transpa-
rent, slightly viscid fluid ; secreted by the parotid,
submaxillary  and sublingual glands, and  poured
into the mouth by the ducts of Steno, Wharton,
and Rivinus ; the use of which is to mix with tho
alimentary bolus, and to serve in the process of
digestion.  It is  composed, according to Berzelius,
of 992-2 parts of water, 2-9 of a particular ani-
mal matter, soluble in water, and insoluble in al-
cohol, pty'atin, prineip'ium  saliva'le,  mate'ria
siallna, Ca'sein of the  sali'va, Salivary albu'-
men, of 1-4 of mucus, l-7 of chlorides  of potas-
sium and sodium, 0-9 of lactate of  soda and ani-
mal matter, and 0-2 of soda.
  SALIVA FLUXUS CIBO VISO, see  Saliva-
tion.
  SALIVAIRE, Anthemis pyrethrum, Salivary.
  SALIVA L, Salivary.
  SALIVANS,  Sialagogue.
  SALIVA NT, Sialagogue.
  SALIVARIS, Salivary —s. Herba, Anthemis
pyrethrum.
  SALTVARY, Saliva'rius,  Saliva'ris, Salivo'-
sus, Sali'val, Sali'votts, from saliva, (¥.) Salivaire.
That which belongs to the saliva.
   Salivary Albumen, see Saliva—s. Calculi, see
Calculi, salivary.
   Salivary  Fis'tul^:,  Syalosyrin'ges, are such
as depend upon an accidental opening into the
 excretory  ducts of the salivary glands.  Fistulas
 are most commonly met with in the duct of Steno.
   Salivary  Glands, Secreting  organs of the
 saliva, Saliva! glands, are situate symmetrically,
 to  the number  of four, on each side of the face.
 Their form  is very  irregular, and  their  extent
 varies according to individuals.  Their excretory
 ducts — Ductus Saliva'rii, (¥.) Cmiaux ou Con-
 duits salivaires—earry the saliva directly into the
 mouth, without pouring it into any intermediate
reservoir, as happens in the case of some of the
other  glands.  The  salivary glands have been
 distinguished into,—1. The parotid; 2. The sub-
maxillary; 3. The sublingual; and 4. The ?'?ir?"-
 lingnal or lingual, seated at  the inferior surface
 of the tongue, where the mucous membrane forms
a fringed fold. 
RALIVATIO
815
SALT
   SALIVATIO, Salivation—s. Mercurialis, Sali-
 vation, mercurial.
   SALIVA'TION. Sa!initio, S. calid-a, Epiph'-
 ii>-ii  ptyalis'mus, Sialis'rmts,  Sputum  Oris, Sial'-
 tiehns, Sielismos, Sialorrhie'a, Sialoze'ntia, Ptya-
 lis'mus,  Pty'alism, Fluxus saliva-, (¥.)  Flux de
 lloticlie.  Flux salivaire, Ptyalisme; from  Saliva.
 A superabundant secretion of saliva; occasioned
 either locally, by the use of irritating masticatories,
 or under the influence of some cause which acts on
 the  whole economy, and especially of mercurial
 preparations.  In  this last case it is accompanied
 by a coppery taste in  the  mouth, by swelling of
 the  gums, and sometimes by looseness of tbe
 teeth.  Salivation  may usually be diminished by
 the  use of astringents, laxatives, Ac.
   Ptyulismus acu'tus si/inpathet'icus, Saliva fluxus
 cibo  visa, Mouth watering, the increased flow of
 saliva produced by the sight, smell, or thought
 of agreeable  food,  is a species of ptyalism, as well
 lis the Ptyalismus acutus mellitus.  Ajtoceno'sis
 ptynlis'inns  mellitus,  Dulce'do  Spntato'rum, or
 Sweet spittle.  In this, the saliva has a sweet or
 mucilaginous taste.
   Salivation, Mercu'rial, Saliva'tio  mercu-
 ria'tis, Sialoze'mia seu Ptyalis'mus viercuria'lis,
 P. hydrargyra'tus, (F.) Ptyalisme mercuriel, Sali-
 vation mercurielle.   Salivation produced by mer-
 cury.  The   stomatitis  that accompanies  it  is
 termed  mercurial, Hydrar'gyrostomati''tis,  (¥.)
 Stomatite mercurielle.
   SALIVA TION MERCURIELLE, Salivation,
 mercurial.
   SALTVATUM,  Sialagogue.
   SALTVOSUS, Salivary.
   SALIVOUS, Salivary.
   SALIX.   The  Willow,  I'tea,  (Prov.)  Sally,
 Sally-withy,   (Sc.)  SWA, Snngh, Willan,  (¥.)
 Saule.  A genus of plants in the Linnasan system.
 Ord. Salicacea?.
   Salix Frag"ilis,  S. pen'dula.  seu decip'iens
 seu  amygdnllna seu persicifo'lia seu Russelia'na
 seu  pi ppoph' ae folia seu Trerira' nii, or Crack wil-
 low (Ph. D.)  Salix Alba, S. canllea  seu  vr'tel-
 li'na, or White willow  (Ph. D. and Ph. U. S.), (F.)
 Osier.   Salix Latifo'lia, or broad-leaved  wil-
 low.  Salix  Ca'prea, S. Sjthaceta'ta seu tomen-
 to'sa, or Great  round-leaved  willow  (Ph.  L.)
 Sn.ix   Pentan'dria   seu  Hermaphrodit'ica.
 Salix  Hu'milis,  Low bush  willow,  Speckled
 willow.  Salix Vituli'na, Salix Eriocei'h'ala.
 The  bark  of each of these  has a slightly  aro-
 matic odour, and a bitter astringent taste, which
 is nearly the same  in  all the species.  It is tonic
 and  astringent, and has been  used in intermit-
 tents, and  in cases  of dyspepsia, worms, Ac.  The
 active principle has been  separated, and called
 Snlicine.  It has  been  found in about fourteen
 snecies of salix and eight species  of Populus; is
 like the quinia in medicinal efficacy.  Dose, ^j to
 ^i of the powder.  Dose  of  Salicine from 4 to 6
 grains.
   Salix jEgyptiaca,  Calaf.
   SALLENDERS, Malandria.
   SALLTS. Adeps.
   SALLOW,  Lurid.
   SALLY. Salix.
   SALLY-WITHY, Salix.
   SALMIAO, Ammonia? murias.
   S A LOOP,  Salep.  Also, sassafras tea  flavored
 with  milk and sugar.  Under this name a tea is
 sold  in the streets  of  London which  consists of
 an infusion ofthe wood of Laurus Sassafras with
 the addition of milk and sugar—Sas'safras  Tea.
   SALPETRA, Potassa,  nitrate of,  Soda, ni-
 trate  of.
  SALPINGEMPIIRAX'TS, from o-a\rty£, <™X-
triyyos, ' a tube,' and tp^rp^ts, 'obstruction.'   Ob-
j struction  of  the Eustachian tube; — a cause of
.i deafness.
ll   SALPINGITIS,  from caXrtyt,  aalmyyos, 'a
| tube,'and itis, 'denoting inflammation.'  Inflam-
j mation of the Eustachian tube.
|   S A L P I N G 0 C YE'SIS, Paracye'sis tnba'ria,
 Gracid'iias tuba'ria, from aa\trtyt,, oaXmyyos. 'a
 tube or trumpet,' and kvtivis. 'pregnancy.'  Tubal
 pregnancy.—See Pregnancy, tubal.
   SALPINGOMALLEKS. Tensor tympani.
   SALPINGOPHARYNG^F/US,  from  otAztyZ,
 aao\myyos, ' a trumpet,' and tfiapvy^, 'the pharynx.'
 Valsalva and Douglas have given this name to a
 bundle of fibres, which passes from the Eustachian
 tube to the pharynx.
   S A L PIN G 6 S T A PIIY L INUS, Circumflex
 muscles—s. Staphvlinus internus, Levator palati.
   SALPINGOSTENOCHO'RIA,  from  caXxtyZ,
 aaX-iriyyos,  'a tube,'  arevos, 'narrow,' and ^wpa,
 ' space.'   Narrowness or stricture  of the Eusta-
 chian tube.
   SALPINX, Tuba.
   SALSAMENTUM CRUPUM. Omotarichos.
   SALSAPARILLA  GERMANICA,  Sarsapa-
 rilla Germaniea.
   SALSEDO MUORUM, Potassae nitras.
   SALSEPAREILLE, Smilax sarsaparilla — *.
 d'Allemagne, Sarsaparilla Germaniea—s. du Bri-
 sil, s. Caraque, s.  de Honduras, s.  de Pirn, and
 s. de Portugal, see Smilax sarsaparilla,
   SALSIFI, Tragopogon porrifolium.
   SALSILAGO, Muria.
   SALSOLA DECUMBENS, S. Kali.
   Salso'la  Kali, >S'. Decnm'bens, Kali soda seu
 spino'sum cochlea'tnm,  Prickly  Saltwort, Tragus
 sive Tragurn  Matthloli.  Ord. Chenopodiaceae;
 frora  sal, 'salt,' owing to its saline properties.
 This plant, as well as Salsola sati'va  and Salsola
 soda seu  longifo'lia. Kali iner'mis, Herba  vitri,
 produces  the alkaline salt, commonly called Ba-
 rilla, Soda, or Kelp.
   Salsola  Longifolia,  S. Kali—s.  Sativa. Ac,
 see S. Kali, and Soda — s. Soda, see S. Kali.
   SALSUGTNOSUS, Halmyrodes.
   SALSIIS,  Saline.
   SALT, Sal, Hal, Hals, 'a\s, (¥.) Set.  A name
 formerly given to  a  considerable number of sub-
 stances of very different nature. At present, chy-
 mists apply the term Salts exclusively to the com-
 bination of an acid with one or more bases.   Neu-
 tral salts are those  in  which  the acid and base
 reciprocally  saturate each other.   Acid salts or
 supersalts, (¥.) Sur-sels, are those in which the
 acid predominates over the base.  Alkaline salts
 or subsalts, (¥.) Sous-sets, those in which the base
 is, on the contrary,  predominant.   The different
 denominations ofthe salts are compounded, 1. Of
 the name of the acid: the termination of which
 is changed into ite, when the name of the acid is
 in ous ; — ate, when it  is in ic.   Thus tbe  salts
 formed  by  the sulphurous acid  are sulphites ;
 those by the sulphuric,  sulphates.   2. This name
 is followed up  by  that of the oxyd, which enters
 into the composition  of the salt.   Thus, the sul-
 phate of protoxyd ofi iron is a combination  of
 sulphuric acid  with  the protoxyd of that metal.
 Frequently, to  shorten the name, the word  oxyd
 is suppressed: nnd  proto, deuto,  trifo, Ac. put
 before the acid :—as  protosulphate of iron.   Sim-
 ple salts are those resulting from  the combina-
 tion of an  acid  with a  single base: double satis
 with two different bases:  triple with three, Ac.
 A haloid salt is one constituted after the  type of
 common  salt, or which  contains a metal and a
 salt-radical, as chlorine, iodine, Ac.  An oxysalt
\ is formed from  the  combination of an acid  with
 an oxide.
   When salt is  used  in an abstract sense, it means
: the chloride of sodium. 
SALTANS  ROSA
816
SAMPSUCUS
  Salt, Aperient, of Frederick, Soda, sulphate
of—s. Baker's, Ammonia? carbonas—s. of Barilla,
Soda, subcarbonate of—s.  Bay, Soda,  muriate of
—s. Bitter purging, Magnesias  sulphas—s. Com-
mon, Soda, muriate of—s.  Epsom, Magnesiae sul-
phas—s. Glauber's, Soda, sulphate of—s. Glau-
ber's, Lymington, see Soda, sulphate of—s. Pres-
ton, see Ammonias carbonas — s.  Rochelle, Soda,
tartrate of—s. Rock,  Soda, muriate of—s. Sea,
Soda, muriate of—s. Secondary, Neutral salt—s.
Seignette's, Soda, tartrate of—s. Smelling, Ammo-
niae carbonas—s. of Soda, Soda, subcarbouate of
— s. Sore-throat, Potassae nitras  fusus  sulphatis
paucillo mixtus.
  Salt of  Tartar,  see Potassae  subcarbonas,
and Potash.
  Salt, Tasteless Purging, Soda, phosphate of.
  Salt of Urine, Ammoniae carbonas.
  Salt, White, Soda, muriate of.
  Salt of Woodsoot, Ammoniae carbonas — s.
of Wormwood, see Potash.
  SALTANS ROSA,  Urticaria.
  SALTATIO, Dancing — s.  Sancti Viti, Chorea.
  SALT'ERTON.  A village about four miles to
the eastward of Exmouth, England, frequented
as a winter abode  by invalids.  It is  in a small,
open valley on the seashore, and  is well  protected
from winds, particularly the northerly.
  SALTISH, Halmyrodes.
   SALTPETRE, Potassae nitras.
  SALTUS, Leap, Vulva—s. Tendinum, Subsul-
tus tendinum.
   SALTWORT, PRTCKLY, Salsola  kali.
   SALUBRIOUS. Salutary.
   SALUBR10USNESS, Salubrity.
   SALUBRIS,  Salutary.
   SALU'BRITY',  Saltlbritas,  Sahlbriousness,
 (¥.) Salubriti, from salus, 'health.'  Anything
 which contributes to the health of individuals or
 of  communities. Situations differ materially from
 each other in  this respect; and the  cause of the
 difference is often an  interesting  topic of inquiry.
   SALUS,  Sanitas.
   SALUTAIRE, Salutary.
   SAL'UTARY,  Peries'ticos,  Saluta'ris,  Saltl-
 ber,  Salu'bris,  Hygiei'nus, Hygias''ticus, Hygie'-
 rus,  Salu'brius, (F.)  Salutaire,  Salubre.  Same
 etymon.  Healthy.  That which is favourable to
 health.   Some diseases have been considered sa-
 lutary ; but this is doubtful.
    SALUTIF^EROUS,  Salu'tifier;  from  salus,
 talittis, 'health,' and  fero, 'I bear.'   Bringing
 health : health-bearing.
    SALVATEL'LA;  same etymon, [?] Vena sal-
 vatella, is situate on the back of the hand, near
 its inner margin.   It begins on the posterior sur-
 face of the fingers and dorsal surface  of the hand,
 by a plexus, formed of a number of radicles, fre-
 quently anastomosing with  each other; it then
 ascends to the inner part of the forearm, where it
 takes the name—posterior cubital.  The ancients
 recommended this vein to be opened  in certain
 diseases, as in melancholic and  hypochondriacal
 affections ; and  they attributed to such abstraction
 of blood considerable efficacy in  the  cure of dis-
 ease : hence its name.
    SALVE, BLISTERING,  Unguentum lyttte—
 s.  Deshler's, Ceratum resinae compositum—s. Eye,
 Unguentum oxidi zinci impuri — s. Eye, Single-
 ton's,  Unguentum hydrargyri nitrico-oxydi — s.
 Healing, Cerate of calamine.
    SAL'VIA, (from salveo, 'to be sound,'owing
 to its reputed  healing  qualities ;) S.  officina'lis
 seu  horten'sis  seu vulga'ris seu minor, Elelis'-
 phacos. Sage, Save, (¥.) Sauge, Petite Sauge, Thi
 d'Europe ou  de France.   Ord. Labiatae.  Sex.
 Syst. Diandria  Monogynia.  Sage leaves, Salvia
 (Ph. U.  S.), have a peculiar, aromatic  odour, and
 a  warm, aromatic, bitterish  taste.   Their virtues
ll depend upon an  essential oil.  They are  tonic,
 stimulant, and  carminative.  In  the form of a
 weak infusion, Sage is occasionally used ns a di-
 luent, and as a wash for  sore mouth.  Lose, gr.
 xv to xxx or more.
    Salvia Africa'na, Wild  Sage, a  South Afri-
 can species, has the same medical properties ns
 Salvia.
    Salvia Colohata, Salvia,
    SALVIA IIormi'num, <V. colora'ta, Horminum,
 H. colora'turn seu sativum, (¥.) Sauge-hormin, of
 the Pharmacopoeias, is used in similar cases.
    Salvia Hortensis, Salvia.
    SALVIA Lyra'tA,  Wild  Sage,  Cancer Weed ;
 indigenous.  The fresh leaves, bruised, are used
 to  destroy warts.  It has  been supposed  to bo of
 use in cancer.
    Salvia Minor, Salvia — s. Officinalis, Salvia.
    SALVIA Scla'rea,  Sclarea,  Gallilrichiim,
 JEtl'.io'pis, Biser'mas, Coins Jovis, Common Clary,
 (F.) Sauge sctarie, Grand sauge,  Orvale ou Toutc-
 bonne.  The leaves  have been  recommended as
 corroborants and anti-spasmodics.
    Salvia VitjE,  Asplenium  ruta muraria — s.
 Vulgaris, Salvia,
    SAMADE'RA IN'DICA, Ord. Simarubeae, fur-
 nishes the  Niepa  bark,  which is possessed of
  antiperiodic properties.
    SAMBU'CUS, from aap^vxn,  an ancient musi-
  cal instrument,  said to have been  made  of its
  wood.  Sabu'cus, Sambucus  nigra seu vnlga'ris
  seu arbo'rea, Acte, Infe'lix  lignum ;  Elder, El-
  norne, Ellen-tree, Ellarne, (Sc.) Boar-tree,  Bore-
  tree, Bountree, (Prov.) Bottry tree, Burtree, Ellet,
  Elren, Scaw, (¥.) Sureau commun.   Ord. Capri-
  foliaceas.  Sex. Syst. Pentandria Digynia— (the
  flower and bark were formerly called Cano'jnim).
  The flowers, berries, and bark of the elder havo
  been used in medicine.   The flowers  have  been
  reputed diaphoretic  and discutient;  the berries,
  aperient  and sudorific ; the bark, purgative, and,
  in  small doses,  deobstruent.  The  flowers  are
  sometimes used  in  fomentations,  and to form a
  cooling ointment.
     Sambucus Arborea, Sambucus — s. Chamse-
  acte, S. ebulus.
     Sambucus Eb'ulus, S. Chamaacte seu he'lion
  seu hu'milis  seu  herba'cea,  Ebulus, Charuaae'te,
  Od'ocos,  Dwarf-elder,   Danewort,  (F.) Hieble,
  Yeble.   The root, interior bark,  leaves, flowers,
  Sambucus (Ph. U. S.), berries, (Bacca seu Grana
  Actes,) and seeds, have  all been given in  mode-
  rate doses as resolvents and deobstruents ;  and in
  large doses as hydragogues.  The berries of Sam-
  bucus Canaden'sis, the Common Elder of America,
  are made officinal  in  the Pharmacopoeia  of the
  United States.   A distilled water of  the flowers,
  Aqua Sambu'ci, Elder Water, is  officinal  in the
  London  and Edinburgh Pharmacopoeias.
     Sambucus Helion, Sambucus ebulus—s. Her-
  bacea, S. ebulus—s. Humilis, S. ebulus—s. Nigra,
  Sambucus.
     Sambucus Pu'bens,  S. jtubes'ccns  seu race-
  mo'sa, Red-berried Elder; indigenous." The bark,
  in decoction, is said to be a valuable hydragogue
  cathartic.
     Sambucus Racemosa, S. pubens—s. Vulgaris,
  Sambucus.
     SAMI TERRA,  Sa'mian Earth.  An argilla-
  ceous earth,  found in  the  island of Samos, to
  which were ascribed virtues similar  to those of
  the Terra Lemnii.—Galen, Dioscorides.
     SA'MIUS LAPIS.  A stone found in the Isle
  of Samos, which the  ancients believed  to be as-
  tringent and refrigerant.
     SAMPHIRE, Crithmum maritimum.
     SAMPSON, BLACK, Echinacea purpurea.
     SAMPSUCHUS, Thymus mastichina.
  I   SAMPSUCUS, Origanum majorana. 
PSYCIIINON           817              SANITARIUM
   SAMPSYCH'INON, Sampsu'chinum,  An oint-
 ment composed of a„p^vXov,  which was perhaps
 marjoram. — Dioscorides.
   SANABILIS, Curable.
   SANABLE, Curable.
   SANAMUNDA, Geum urbanum.
   SANATIO, Curation,  Cure
   SANATIVE, Curative.
   SANATORIUM, Sanitarium.
   SANATORY, Curative.
   SAN GIULIANO, MINERAL WATERS OF.
 At  the  foot of the  mountain  San  Giuliano, a
 league and a half from Pisa, are several mineral
 springs;  temperature from 84° to 107° Fahr.
   The spring, Pozzetto,  contains carbonic  acid,
 sulphates of soda, lime, and magnesia; chlorides
 of sodium  and magnesium ;  carbonates of lime
 and magnesia;  argil and silica.—Santi.
   SAND, see Gravel — s. Brain, see Pineal gland
 — s. Pineal, see Pineal gland.
   SANDALUM CiERULEUM, Guilandina mo-
 ringa—s. Rubrum, Pterocarpus santalinus.
   SAN'DARAC,  Santtaru'cha, Gum Jtlniper or
 Sandarach, Pounce, Gummi Junip'eri, Sandara'-
 ca,  Vernix. sicca,  Resina Junip'eri, (¥.) Sanda-
 raqne, Gomme de  Genivrier.  A name given, by
 the Arabs, to an  odorous resin, that flows  from
 the Thuya ajrhyl'la.  Ord. Conifer*.  Sex.  Syst.
 Monoecia Monadelphia.   It is stimulant, like all
 the resins ;  but is  very little used.
   SANDARACIIA GR^CORUM, Realgar.
   SAND-BLIND,  nearly blind.   A  defect  of
 vision, in which small particles seem to fly before
 the eyes.   See Metamorphopsia.
   SANDERS, see Saunders.
   SANDIVER, see Vitrum.
   SANDIX, Plumbi  oxydum  rubrum.
   SANDYX, Plumbi oxydum rubrum.
   SANG, Blood — «.  Artiriel, Arterial blood — *.
 Dragon, Rumex sanguineus—s. Dragon, see Ca-
 lamus rotang — s. Globules dn,  Globules of the
 blood—g. Perte de, Haemorrhagia.
   SANGAREE'.   Wine   and water,  sweetened
 and spiced.
   SANG LOT, Sob.
   SANG SUE, Hirudo.
   SANGUIDUCTUS DUR^I MATRIS, Sinuses
 of the dura mater.
 •  SANGUIFICATIO, Hasmatosis — s. Debilior,
 Hyphasuiatosis.
   SANGUIFLUXUS, Haemorrhagia —s. Uteri-
 nus, Metrorrhagia.
   SANGUIMOTION, Circulation.
   SANGUIMOTORY, Circulatory.
   SAXGUIX, (Vaisseau.) Blood-vessel.
   SANGUINALIS CORRIGIOLA, Polygonum
 aviculare.
   SANGUINA'RIA,  from  sanguis,  sanguinis,
 'blood,' owing to the colour of its juice, s! Cana-
 den'sis seu aeatllis, Bloodroot,Bloodwort,Puccoon,
 Red Puccoon, Red  Root, Indian Paint, Tur'meric.
 Nat. Ord.  Papaveraceae.   Sex. Syst. Polyandria
 Monogynia,   A  North American  plant, the  rhi-
 zoma, Sanguinaria (Ph. U. S.),and seeds of which
 aro used in medicine.  They are emetic.  Dose of
 the powder,  S to 20  grains.   They are  said to
 reduce the velocity ofthe pulse, like digitalis.
   Sancitinaria, Polygonum aviculare.
   SANGUINE,  Sanguin'eifS,  Sanguino'sus, Ha-
 mat'icus, Hamato'des, Hamate'ms,  Hamati'nus,
 Harm,'des, Hanuu'des, Sanguin'eous,  Hamalic,
 (F.) Sangiiin.   From  sanguis, sanguinis, ' blood.'
 Bloody, blood-like ; having the colour of blood,
ns  'a sanguine  countenance.'  Relating to, or
containing blood — as 'sanguine temperament.'
Plethoric
  SANGUINEA. Potass^ nitras.
  SANGUINENESS,  Plethora.
 SANGUINEOUS, Plethoric, Sanguine.
      52
    SANGUINEUS, Sanguine.
    SANGUINIS ABSORPTIO, Haemorrhophesis
 —s. Congestio, Congestion—s.Dissolutio, Hasma-
 teclysis—s. Fluor, Haemoptysis—s. Fluor Vesica?,
 Cystorrhagia — s. Ictus, Apoplexy — s. Missio.
 Blood-letting—s. Profluvium copiosura, Hasmor-
 rhagia—s. Profluvium ex Ore, Stomatorrhagia —
 s. Stagnatio. Hsemostasis.
    SANGUIN'OLENT, Sangitinolen'tits, fromsm,-
 gnis, sanguinis, ' blood.'  Tinged with blood.  An
 epithet applied, particularly, to the sputa  when
 so tinged.  Bloody.
    SANGUINOSUS. Sanguine.
    SANGUIPUR'GIUM, from sanguis,  < blood,'
 and puryare,   ' to  cleanse.'   Purgation  of  the
 blood.   A name given by some authors  to mild
 fevers, from an idea that they purged the  blood
 of noxious matters.
    SANGUIS,  Blood, Sperm —s. Concretus, Coa-
 gulum—s. Draconis, see Calamus rotang—s. Hirci
 siccatus, see Blood—s. Menstruus, see Menses__
 s. in  Urina,  Haematuria — s. Virginis primum
 menstruatae, see Menses.
    SANGUISOR'BA  CANADEN'SIS,  Canada
 Burnett.  From sanguis, ' blood,' and sorbere,  ' to
 absorb.' A tall  indigenous plant—Ord. Rosacea? —
 with white, sometimes purple,flowers,which appear
 from August to October.  It has the same virtues as
   Sanguisor'ba  Officina'lis,  S. cor'nea seu
 rubra,  Italian  Pim'pinel,  Pimpinella  Italica
 seu officina'lis, (¥.) Pimprene/le noire.   It was
 formerly used   as  an astringent  and  tonic,  in
 hemorrhages, dysentery, Ac.
   SANGUISUGA. Hirudo.
   SANGUISU'GUM, from  sanguis, 'blood,' and
 sugere, < to suck.'  A barbarous term, to  denote
 too great an accumulation of blood in the heart.__
 Bonetus.
   SANICLE, Sanicula,  S. Marilandica—s. Ame-
 rican, Heuchera cortusa—s. de Marilnnd, Sanicula
 Marilandica— s. Yorkshire, Pinguicola vulgaris.
   SANICULA, (from sano, 'I heal,') Saxif'raga
 granulata.
   Sanic'ula, S. Enropa'a seu officina'riim seu
 mas, Astran'tia diapen'sia, Cttnca'lis Sanic'ula,
 Citculla'ta, Dodeca'tlieon, Synlphytitm petra'urn,
 Diapen'sia, D. cortu'sa, Sarlicle, Wood March,
 (F.) Toutesaine.  Ord, Umbellifera?.  Sex. Syst.
 Pentandria Digynia. This herb was formerly used
 as a mild astringent.  It is bitterish, and some-
 what austere.
   Sanicula Eboracensis, Pinguicola vulgaris—s,
 Europaea, Sanicula.
   Sanic'ula Marilan'dica, Sarlicle, Ma'ryland
 Sanicle, Black  Snakeroot, (¥.) Sanicle de Mart-
 land.  This indigenous plant grows  in marshes,
 or low  and shaded ground.  It is possessed of
 tonic virtues ; and the powdered root is employed
 in popular practice as a  favourite remedy in in-
 termittent  fever.  It  has  been  recommended,
 also, in  chorea.
   Sanicula Montana, Pinguicola vulgaris — s.
 Officinarum, Sanicula.
   SANIDO'DES, Sanio'des,  'resembling a board.'
 from oavis, gen. aavtSos, ' a board,' and ttt\os,  ' re-
 semblance.'   One  whose thorax is narrow, and,
 as it were, contracted.
   SAN IE, Sanies.
   SA'NIES, Ichor, Tabum,  Virus,  Pus malig'-
num seu corrosivum, (¥.) Sortie, corrupted from
sanguis, 'blood.'  A thin, serous fluid, presenting
some ofthe qualities of pus and blood, and com-
monly exhaled  nt the surface of ulcers.
  SANIEUX, Ichorous.
  SANIODES,  Sanidodes.
  SANIOSUS,  Ichorous.
  SANIOUS, Ichorous.
  SANITA'RIUM, Sanato'rium.  Same etymon.
as  the next.  A retreat selected  for valetudina- 
SANITARY                81
ri:ins, in  consequence of its salubrity.  Also, an
establishment for the treatment of tbe sick.
  SANTTARY, Sarlatoi-y, from sanitas, 'health,'
(F.) Sanitaire.  That  which  relates  to  health,
and especially to public health ; as itablissement
sanitaire, police sanitaire.
  SAN'ITAS, from sarins, 'healthy,' Hygie'a, Hy-
ge'a, Hygian'sis,  Hyglasis, Integ'ritas, Prosper'-
iias Valetn'dinis, Salus, Hygiela, Valetu'do, Vali-
tu'do,  Valetu'do bona seu secuilda seu com'rnoda,
Hyge'la,Enzo'6dyna'mia,Health, (Sc.) Heil, Heyle,
Heal,  (¥.) Sunti,  from sanus,  ' sound.'  Health
has been defined,—a state, in which all the  func-
tions are  exerted with regularity nnd  harmony.
A person may, however, be in  health, although
certain functions are not performed.  A  blind
man, for example, has health  when all his  func-
tions,  except  sight,  proceed  with   regularity.
Sanity is  often used for soundness of mind.
   Sanitas  Cure.
   SANITY, Sanitas.
   SANKIRA, Smilax China.
   SANS PA IRE, (Veine,) Azygos vein.
   SANTA  CRUZ, (CLIMATE OF.)  This  West
India  island is frequently selected as  a winter re-
treat for the phthisical  valetudinarian from  the
United States;  but it does not seem  entitled to
any preference,  in such cases,  over  the  other
islands of  the West  Indies,  whilst its  general
salubrity  is said to be less than that of many.
   SANTAL BLANC, Santalum album—s.Rouge,
Pterocarpus santalinus.
   SANTALUM, see Pterocarpus santalinus.
   San'talum Album,  S. eilrinum seu  pallidum
seu myrtifo'lium,  Sir'ium  myrtifio'liuin, Yellow
Saunders, (F.) Santal blanc.   Ord. Santalaceae.
Sex. Syst.  Tetrandria Monogynia.  The virtues
of  the wood of the white saunders  reside in a
volatile oil  and resinous principle.   The odour is
fragrant,  and resembles a mixture of  ambergris
and roses.   It has been used as a stimulant and
sudorific, but it is not now employed.  The  saun-
ders woods are  called, collectively, in French,
Santaux.
   Santalum Myrtifolium, S. album — s. Ru-
brum, Pterocarpus santalinus.
   SANTE, Sanitas.
   SANTONICUM, Artemisia santonicum.
   SAN'TONINE,  San'tonin,  Cim'n.   A peculiar
crystalline  substance obtained  from  Artemisia
Santonica.   It  possesses  the  anthelmintic pro-
perties of the plant.   Dose, five or six grains.
   SANTORI'NI, FISSURES OF, (F.) Incisures
ou Scissures de Santorini.  Clefts at the  upper
and back part of the fibro-cartilaginous portion
of tbe external ear.
   Santouini, Tu'bercles of.  Small cartilagi-
nous projections at the top of  the arytenoid car-
 tilages, which support the ligaments of the glottis.
 See Corniculum  Laryngis.
   SANVE, Sinapis.
   SAO'RIA, Sauarja.  The ripe and dried fruit
of Maesa seu Bacob'otrys picta,  an Abyssinian
tree, which is administered in its native country,
in  powder,  in doses of from 32 to 44 grammes, as
a taeniafuge.
   SAP, Sax. raepe, (G.) Saft, Ar'borum Suceus
seu Lympha, (¥.) Sive.   The circulating fluid of
the vegetable, which corresponds  to the blood of
the animal.
   SAPA, see Rob.
   SAPHA'DA.  Paracelsus has given  this  name
to  reddish  scales  adherent to  the hair in some
eruntions of the  hairy scalp.
   SAPHENA, Saphena.
   SAPHE'NA, Sapha'na, from na<l>ns, 'manifest.'
'evident.'   (F.) Saphene.  A  name given to two
subcutaneous veins  of  the  lower limb.   These j
8                   SAPO
 are:  1. The Great Saphena Vein, S. interna,
 Tibio-matle'otiir  (Ch.),  (F.)  Grande  Veine  Sa-
 phene ou  Sa/ihhie interne.   Its  radicles occupy
 the inner part ofthe great toe, nnd form a trans-
 verse arch on the back of the foot,  which unites
 with  the  saphena externa,  and  receives at its
 convex part, which is  turned  forwards,  a number
 of branches coming from  the toes.   These radi-
 cles,  when united, ascend before  tbe inner ankle,
 and  form  a trunk,  the  size of which  is farther
 increased  by several branches that proceed from
 the region of  the tarsus, and that of tbe meta-
 tarsus,  This  trunk  ascends vertically at tho
 inner part of  the leg;  passes behind  tho inner
 condyle of the femur; proceeds  along  the inner
 part  of the thigh ;  receives  other subcutnneous
 veins, such as the abdominal subcutaneous, the
 external pudic, Ac, and passes  through the in.
 ferior opening of the crural canal to empty itself
 into  the  femoral vein.   2.  The Lesser Vena
 SAPHENA  or  Saphena   externa, Perone'o-mtil-
 le'olar Vein of Chaussier, (F.) Petite Veine Stt-
 phZne ou  Saphene externe, commences by seve-
 ral roots,  which are spread over  the dorsum  and
 outer side of  the foot,  and  embrace  the outer
 ankle.   Behind  this,  they unite into  a  single
 trunk, which ascends  obliquely, approaching the
 tendo Achillis, and proceeds vertically towards
 the ham to open into  the popliteal vein.
   SAPHENE, Saphena.
   SAPHE'NOUS, Sajrheno'sus;  from  Sajthena.
 Of or belonging  to the saphena.
   Saphenous Nerves  are two  in  number, and
 are   branches  of the  crural  or  femoral  nerve.
 They are  the  short saphenous — nervus cutaneus
 internus;  and the long  saphenous — nervus cuta-
 neus  internus longus.
   The external saphenous, formed by the union
 of the communicans  popiitei and communicans
| peronei, passes down  the leg by the side of the
 external saphenous vein of the foot.
   SAPID, Sa'porotis, Sap'idtts,  (F.) Savoureux,
 from  sajtere,  'to taste.'   Possessed of  sapidity
 Having the  power of affecting  the organs of
 taste.
   SAPID'ITY,  Sap'idncss,  Saporos'ity, Sapor,
 (¥.)  Sapiditi.  The quality of bodies that gives
 them taste.
   SAP IN COMMUN, Pinus picea.
   SAPIN'DUS, (sajto, and Indus, 'Indian soap,')
 S. Sapona'ria, Sajrona'ria, Soap Tree, (F.) <SV(-
 vonnier commun.  Ord.  Sapindaceae.  The name
 of the plant that affords the Soap Nuts, Sajtoi,a'-
 ria Nu'cula, Bac'ca Bermuden'ses, Soap-herdes.
 A spherical fruit about the size of  a cherry, the
 cortical part of which is yellow, glossy, and so
 transparent as to show the  spherical  black nut
 that  rattles within, and  includes  a white kernel.
 The  cortical part of this fruit, which has similar
 effects with soap in  washing, has  been recom-
 mended in  chlorosis, and as a  stomachic  and
 deobstruent.
   SAPO,  Soap,  Sax. rape, Smegma, (¥.) Savon.
 A product obtained by treating fatty bodies with
 caustic alkalies dissolved in water.  In  the Phar-
 macopoeia of  the United States, it means Soap
 made with soda and  olive oil.   See Sapo medi-
 cinalis.
   Yellow Soap is formed of turpentine, oil, and
 alkali.
   Castile  Soap,  being made  of  fine olive oil, is
 generally used internally.  The yellow and soft
 soaps are the most stimulating; and are, conse-
 quently,  best adapted  for particular  cutaneous
 eruptions.
   Internally,  soap is purgative and diuretic; ex-
 ternally,  it is detergent and stimulant.  Soapy
 water is used  with the greatest  success, in cases 
SAPONACEOUS            819             SARCOCOLLA
of poisoning by acids.  It is mostly applied ex-
ternally to bruises and sprains.  In Pharmacy,
it is used to favour the solution of resins.
  Sapo Ac"idus, Acid Soap, is a combination of
a fixed oil with an acid.
  Sapo Ammoniacalis,  Linimentum ammoniae
fortius — s. Ammonia? oleaceus, Linimentum am-
monia? fortius—s. Amygdalinus, Sapo medicina-
lis — s. Cacaotinus, Sapo coconeus — s. Calcarius,
Linimentum  aquae calcis — s. Castiliensis, see
Sapo  medicinalis.
   Sapo Coco'neus,  Sapo cacaoti'nua,  Soap of
 Cocoa-Nut Oil, (¥.) Savon  de cacoa,  has been
much used in Germany in herpetic affections.
   Sapo Durus, S. medicinalis — s. Hispanicus,
see S. medicinalis.
   Sapo Kalicus, S.  Mollis.
   Sai'O Liq'uidus, Liquid Soap, Lotio sapona'-
cea, is a  cosmetic which is composed of olive oil
 ^iv, ol. tartari per- deliqiiium ^ss.  Rub  together,
 and add  aqua rosarum Jjxij.
   Sapo  Medicina'lis,  Sapo  amygdalinus, Me-
 dic" inal Soajt, (¥.) Saron midicinal, is made with
 oil of sweet almonds and half  its weight of caus-
 tic alkali, or, like the Sajrtr Hispailicus seu Cas-
 tilien'sis, Spanish or  Castile  soajt, Sapo durus,
 Sajto (Ph. U. S.), (F.) Savon dm; of olive oil and
 soda.
   Sapo  Mollis,  S. vir'idis  seu ni'ger seu ka'li-
 cus,  Common or  Soft Soap, (¥.) Savon mou ou
 noir, is made of  potass and oil or tallow.  The
 Sapo vulgaris  or 'common  soap' of the Pharm.
 U. S. is made with soda and animal oil.
   Sapo Niger, Black Soap, Melanosmeg'ma, is a
 composition of train oil and an alkali: and Green
 Soap, Sapo vir'idis, of hempseed, linseed, or rape
 oil, with an alkali.  See Sapo mollis.
   Sapo  Vegetabilis, Pulvis gummosus alkali-
 nus—r.  Viridis,  Sapo  mollis — r.  Vulgaris, see
 Sapo mollis.
   SAPONA'CEOUS, Sapona'ceus, (F.) Saponaci,
 from sapo, saponis, 'soap.'  Soapy.  Containing
 soap, as  Linimentum saponaceum, Soap  liniment.
   SAPONAIRE, Saponaria.
   SAPONA'RIA, from  Sapo, 'soap,'  the juice
 forming  a lather  with water.  Soap-wort, Bruise-
 wort, Bouncing Bet,  Stru'thium, Lana'ria, Lych-
 nis officinalis seu sylves'tris, Ibix' tuna, Bool in vul-
 ga'ris, (¥.) Saponaire, Savonniere.   Ord. Caryo-
 phyllaccae. Sex.  Syst. Decandria Digynia.   A
 decoction  of the  leaves of  this plant  has been
 recommended  in  scrofula,  cancer, old syphilis,
 cutaneous eruptions, jaundice, visceral obstruc-
 tions, Ac.  It is hardly ever used.
   Saponaria, Sapindus saponaria,
   SAPONARLZE  NUCULE, see Sapindus sapo-
 naria.
   SAPONE.   Soap, to which are added sub-
 stances capable of communicating to it new pro-
 perties, without affecting its own.—Beral.
   SAPO'NEA.   A pectoral medicine,  prepared
 with  sweetened syrup of violets, and oil of sweet
 almonds.
   SA PONTILES,  Sapon'uli,  (¥.)  Savonulea.
 Same etymon.  Combinations of volatile  or es-
 sential oils with different bases.
   Acid Saponules are combinations of such oils
 with  different acids.
   SAPONULE". A tincture (alcooli), sufficiently
 charged  with soap to cause  it to assume a gelati-
 nous shape. — Beral.
   SAPONURE.  A medicine, formed of soap,
 in powder, and of resinous or extractive matters.
   SAPOR, Sapidity, Savour.
   SAPOROSITY. Sapidity.
   SA POROUS, Sapid.
   SAPO'TA. S. Alchras, Achraa  Sapota sen aus-
tra'fis seu Za/rola, El niajrero, Oval-fruited  Sa-
pota, (¥.) S'ljwtier, Sapotillier; Sajrotilla.  Fain.
Sapotaceae.  Sex. Syst.  Hexandria  Digynia.   A
tree which grows in the Antilles, and particularly
at St. Domingo.   Its fruit is much esteemed.   It
resembles the marmalade of quinces; and hence
has been called natural marmalade.  Tbe seeds
make an emulsion, which  has been given  in
nephritic affections.  The bark has been recom-
mended as a febrifuge.
  Sapota Alchras, Sapota.
  SAPOTIER, Sapota.
  SAPOTILLA, Sapota.
  SAPOTILLIER, Sapota.
  SAPROPYRA, Typhus gravior.
  SAPROS, Putrid, Rancid.
  SAPROS'TOMUS,  from canpos, 'foul, of a bad
odour,'  and aropa,  'mouth.'   One  who  has  an
offensive breath.
  SAPROTES, Putrefaction.
  SAR'APUS, Sarapous.   One who has a  large
foot; whose toes are largely separated, or whose
feet  are  much asunder  in  walking; from aatpta,
'I grin,' and irovs, 'the foot.'   See Kyllosis.
  SARATO'GA, MINERAL WATERS OF.  The
Saratoga springs  in New York are  ten miles
north-east   from  Ballston.  They  contain   the
same ingredients as  those  of the  latter place;
and are much  frequented by visitors from every
part of the United States.  The following analy-
sis has been given of the Congress spring.  In a
wine gallon—gaseous  contents: carbonic acid,
311 cubic inches; atmospheric air, 7;   Solid con-
tents: chloride of  sodium, gr.  385;  iodide  of
sodium, gr.  3.5; bicarbonate of soda,  gr. 8.982 ;
bicarbonate of magnesia, gr. 95.788; carbonate of
lime, gr. 98.098;  carbonate  of iron,  gr. 5.075;
silica, gr.  1.5; bromide of potassium, a trace.
Total, gr. 597.943. —Steel.
  The Walton or Iodine spring contains chloride
of sodium, carbonate of magnesia, and iodide of
sodium.
  SARCEPIPLOCELE, Snreocpiplooele.
  SARCEPIPLO MPIIALOCELE, Sarcoepi-
plomphalocele.
  SARCEPIPLOMPIIALUS, Sarcoepiplompha-
lus.
  SARCTDIUM, Caruncle.
  SARCINA, Foetus.
  Sar'cina Ventric'uli, S.  Goodsir'ii, L. Sar-
cina, 'a pack, a woolpack ;' Jlerismojtoe'dia ven-
triculi  (Robin).   A  microscopic cryptogamous
plant found in the fluid of waterbrash.
  SARCION. Caruncle.
  SARCITES, Anasarca —s. Flatuosus,  Em-
physema.
  SARCITIS, Myositis.
  SARCOCE'LE, Hernia carno'sa,  Scirrhus Tes-
tic'uli,  from trapf,  oapxos,  'flesh,' and kti\ij,  'a
tumour:' Sarco'ma  scroti, (F.) Herm'e ctiarnue.
Scirrhus or cancer  of the testicle.   This disease
affects  adults particularly:  and appears most
commonly after an  inflammatory swelling of the
testicle.  Sometimes it is dependent upon a blow;
at others, it makes its  appearance  without any
appreciable cause.   It is well known  by a hard,
heavy, ovoid or spherical swelling of the testicle,
which is, at first, slightly, or  not at  all painful,
and merely causes  an unpleasant traction on the
spermatic cord.   There is no beat or change of
colour of the skin ;  the spermatic cord is swollen,
and  participates  in the affection;  very painful
shootings  occur;  the lymphatic glands of  the
abdomen become swollen,  and form  a tumour,
which may, at times, be felt  through the  abdo-
men ; and  the patient, at length,  dies with  every.
sign of the  cancerous diathesis.  The prognosis
is very unfavourable.   The only means, indeed,
that can save life,  is the extirpation of the tes-
ticle.
  SARCOCOL'LA,  (F.) Colle chair, from uao^ 
SARCODES
820
SATELLITE
'flesh,' and KoWa, 'glue.'  A resinous matter, ob-
tained from Pena'a Sarcocolla, P. mucrona'ta,
and  other species  of Penaea;  an African shrub,
which has been so called  from a belief  that it
facilitates the consolidation of flesh.   It is in the
form  of small, oblong, semitransparent globules,
of a  yellowish or reddish hue, and smells  like
aniseed.   It was once employed as an astringent
and  detergent.
  SARCODES, Carneous.
  SARCOEPIPLOCE'LE, Sarcepiploce'le, from
trap!;, oapKOs, 'flesh,' em-n\oov,  'the  epiploon,'and
Kr/Xrr, 'a tumour.'   Epiplocele, complicated with
sarcoma or sarcocele.
  SARCOKPIPLOM'PHALUS,   Sarcepiplom'-
phalus, Sarce/tiplomphaloce'le, from oap%, aapKOs,
'flesh,' e-inXoov, 'the epiploon,' and optpaXos, 'the
navel.'  Umbilical  hernia, formed by scirrhous
epiploon or complicated with sarcoma.
  SARCOIIYDROCELE, Hydro-sarcocele.
  SARCOLEM'MA, Sarcole'ma, from trap!;, aapKos,
'flesh,' and \tppa, 'a coat.'   The sheath which
surrounds the fibrils of muscle that form  a fibre.
It is quite distinct from the  areolar  membrane
that  binds the fibres into fasciculi. — Bowman.
See  Perymisium.
  SARCOLOGIA, Myology,  Sarcology.
  SARCOL'OGY, Sarcolog"ia, from oap\, aapKos,
' flesh,'and Xoyo;, 'a discourse.'  The part of ana-
tomy which treats of the soft parts.   It comprises
myology, angiology,  neurology,  and splanch-
nology
  SARCO'MA, Emphy'ma. Sarcoma,  Sarcom'a-
tous tumour, Sarco'sis, Porrns, Sarcojthy'ia, Ecsar-
co'mrt, Exsarco'ma, Tumor car'neus, Excrescciltin
carno'sa, Polypus carno'sns,  from  crap£, oapKOs,
' flesh.'  Any  species  of excrescence having  a
fleshy consistence.
  Sarcoma, Carcinomatous,  Scirrhus—s.  Cer-
cosis, see Cercosis — s. Epulis, Epulis — s. Gela-
tinous, see  Tumour, fibro-cellular — s. Mastoid,
Mammary sarcoma — s. Medullare. see Encepha-
loid— s.  Medullary,  Encephaloid,   Hasmatodes
fungus—-s. Pulpy, Hasmatodes fungus—s. Scroti,
Sarcocele.
  Sarcoma, Common Vas'cular or Organi'zed
of Abernethy,  Ein/,liy'ma  Sarcoma  Vasculo'siim,
is vascular  throughout: texture simple: when
bulky, napped  on  the surface with arborescent
veins. Found over tbe body and limbs generally.
  SA It COMA TEUX, Sarcomatous.
  SARCOMATODES Sarcomatous.
  SARCOMATOSUS, Sarcomatous.
  SARCOMATOUS,  Sarcomata'sus, Sarcoma-
ta'des, (¥.) Sarcomateux. Belonging to, or having
the  characters  of sarcoma.
  SARCOMPHALUM, Sarcomphalus.
  SARCOM'PHALUS, Sarcom'phalum, frora
cap!;,  aapKos, 'flesh,'  and  op0a\os,  'the  navel.'
A scirrhous or fleshy  tumour, developed at the
navel.
  SARCOMYCES. Sarcospongus.
  SARCOPHAGUS, Carnivorous, Catheretic.
  SARCOPHYIA, Excresence, Sarcoma.
  SARCOPSYLLA  PENETRANS, Chique.
  SARCOPTE, Acarus.
  SARCOPTES. SCABIEI, see Psora.
  SARCOPYO'DES, from trap?, aapKos,  'flesh,'
roov,  'pus,' and tiSos, 'resemblance.'  Having
the appearance of pus mixed with flesh.  An  epi-
thet  given to certain excreted matters, and par-
ticularly to the sputa of those labouring under
consumption.
  SARCO'SIS, from o-apf, capKos,  'flesh.'   The
formation of flesh.  Also, sarcoma.
  Sarco'sis Bulbi,  Exophthalmia fnngo'sa seu
K'trcomat'iea.  A fleshy growth from the globe of
the  eye.
  Sarcosis Uteri, Metrauxe.
  SARCOSPONG'US,  Sarcomy'cee,  from  eapl,
aapKos, ' flesh,' and ciroyyos,  ' fungus.'  A fleshy
fungus
  SARCOSTOSIS, Osteo-sarcoma.
  SARCOTIC, Incarnans.
  SARCOUS, from oapi,  aapKos,  'flesh.' Of. or
belonging to,  flesh  or  muscle — as  ' sarcons tin.
sue.'
  Sarcous El'ements, Prim'itive par'ticles. The
elementary particles, which, by their union, form
the mass of muscular fibre. — Bowman.
  SARDIASIS,  Canine laugh, Risus sardonicu«.
  SARDONIA HERBA, Ranunculus sceleratus.
  SARDONIASIS,  Canine  laugh, Risus sardo-
nicus.
  SARDONIUS RISUS, Canine laugh.
  SARE, Essera,
  SARRACE'NIA, Side-saddle plant. Flytrap.
The root  of Sarracenia fiava  and S. variola'ris
is bitter and astringent, and has been  used  in
South  Carolina,  as a  domestic remedy in  dys-
pepsia.
  SARRASIN, Polygonum  fagopyrum.
  SARRETE, Trismus infantum.
  SARRIETTE, Satureia hortensis—s. de Cite,
Satureia capitata.
  SARSA, Smilax sarsaparilla.
  SARSAPARILLA, (S.) Zarza, 'a briar,' and
pari/la, ' a little vine.'  Menispermum Canadense,
Smilax S.
  Sarsaparilla, False, Aralia nudicaulis.
  Sarsaparil'la  German'ica, Gramen major
seu rubrum, Sttleaparilla  Germaniea, Carex Are-
ntlria,  (¥.) Laiche, L. des Sables, Sttlscpareille
d'Allemagnc, Chiendent rouge.   Ord. Cyperncea?.
Sex. Syst. Moncecia Triandria.  A plant, which
grows plentifully on the sea-coasts of Europe.  It
has been recommended in some mucous affections
of the trachea, in rheumatism,  gout, Ac.
  Sarsaparilla, Indian, Hemidesmus Indicus
— s. Wild, Aralia nudicaulis.
  SARTAPARILLA, Smilax sarsaparilla.
  SARTO'RIUS, from sr??^?-,  'a tailor,' because
used in crossing  the legs.  Suto'rius, Longis'si.
mus Fem'oris, Faseia'lis, F. Longus seu suto'rius,
(¥.) Ilio-cresti-tibial, Ilio-pritibiul (Ch.), Coutu-
rier.  A muscle  situate at the anterior part  of
the thigh.  It is  long, small, and flattened, and
extends, obliquely, from the anterior and superior
spine of the ilium to the superior and inner part
of the tibia.  This muscle can, also, bend the pel-
vis  on tbe thigh, and conversely.
  SARX. Flesh, Pulp.
  SARZA, Smilax sarsaparilla.
  SASSA GUM.  A  gura,  occasionally carried
into the European  markets frora the East, and
answering exactly to  Bruce's  description of the
product of a tree, which he calls ftassa.  It has
considerable resemblance to Gum Tragacanth.
  SASSAFRAS,  Laurus  sassafras,  Nectandra
cymbarum—s. Medulla, see  Laurus sassafras—s.
Nut, see Pichurim beans—s. Radicis cortex, sec
Laurus sassafras.
  Sassafras, Swamp, Magnolia glauca.
  Sassafras Tea, Saloop.
  SASSY BARK,  A poisonous bark of a  large
tree—Genus, Erythrophleum, E. Judicia'le ; Xat.
Ord. Fabaceae; Red water tree of Sierra Leone—
growing in Western and Central Africa, used in
an  ordeal  to which persons, suspected of witch-
craft, secret murder, and other crimes, are sub-
jected, to test their innocence  or guilt.  Hence it
is called, in Congo, ordeal bark, and in Ashantee
and Liberia, doom bark.
  SAT'ELLITE, Safeties, genitive  Satdlitis.
That which guards.   That which is  placed  near.
  Satellite Veins  are  those that accompany
arteries. 
SATHE                 821         SAXONICUS  PULVIS
  RATHE, Penis.
  SATIES, Satiety.
  SATIETAS, Pk-smone, Satiety.
  SATI'ETY,  Sati'etas, Satu'ritas,  Sa'ties,  Sa-
 turn'titt,  Ptcthos, Plesmone, from satiare (itself
 from satis, ' enough'), ' to give enough.'   Disgust
 for food :  commonly produced by repletion.
  SATIN, Lunaria rediviva.
  SATURANS, Absorbent (medicine.)
  SATURATIO, Satiety, Saturation.
  SATURA'TION,  Satura'tio,  from  saturare,
 saturatnm, (satis, 'enough'),  'to satiate.'  The
 state of  a compound in which its elements are
 combined in such proportions that a fresh quan-
 tity of either cannot be added without producing
 excess.
  SATUREI'A CAPITA'TA, from Y.arvpoi, 'the
 Satyrs;' owing to its presumed power of exciting
 to vetiery.  Ciliated Sa'vory, Thymus, T. sylves'-
 tris seu ca/iita'tue seu Creliciis, Cunila,  (¥.) Sttr-
 riette de Crtte.  Ord. Labiatas.   Sex. Syst. Didy-
 namia Gymnospermia.  Possesses  similar pro-
 perties to thyme.
  Saturei'a  Horten'sis,  Satureia, S.  sati'va,
 Cunila  sativa  Plin'ii,  Thymbrti, Summer Sa'-
 vory, (¥.) Sarriette.  An aromatic  plant, culti-
 vated for culinary purposes.  It lias been used,
 as an excitant, in anorexia,  anaphrodisia, Ac.
   Satureia  Origanoides,  Cunila mariana — s.
 Sativa, S. hortensis.
   SATURITAS. Satiety.
   SATURNI  DULCEDO, Plumbi superacetas.
  SAT'URNINE,  Saturni'nus,  from  saturnus,
 'lead.'  Containing, or caused by, lead.
  Sat'urnine Breath.  The peculiar  odour of
 the  breath in one labouring  under Saturnismus.
  SATURN ISM'US, Into.dca'tio seu Cachex'ia
 seu Dyscrasia  saturni'na, Molybdtrcachex'ia, from
 mittimus,  'lead.'  Poisoning by  lead;  lead-poi-
 soning: saturnine cachexy.
  SATURNUS, Plumbum.
  SATYRI'ASIS,  from Sartipoj, 'a Satyr;' be-
 cause the Satyrs were greatly addicted to venery.
 iS'. fur-ens, Satyrias'mus,  Satyris'mns, Priapis'-
 mus, Salac"itas,  Brachu'na, Aras'con, Lagnc'sis
 Sttlac''itns,  L. furor mascullnus,  Lagne'a, Lag-
 ui'a, Lagno'sis,  Lasciv'ia,  Lasciv'itas,   Tenti'qo
 vere'tri.   An  irresistible desire, in man, to have
 frequent connexion  with  females, accompanied
 by  tbe  power  of doing  so  without exhaustion.
 The causes are  commonly obscure.  Sometimes,
 the abuse of aphrodisiacs has occasioned it.  The
 principal  symptoms are : — almost constant erec-
 tion ; irresistible and almost insatiable desire for
 venery;  frequent  nocturnal  pollutions.  Cold
 lotions; the cold bath:  a mild diet;  active exer-
 cise, Ac, are the only means that can be adopted
 for its removal.
  Satyriasis  Furens, Satyriasis.
  SATYRI ASM US. Satyriasis.
  SATYRION, Orchis mascula.
  SATY1USMUS, Satyriasis.
  SATYRIUM. Goodyera pubescens.
  S.VUARJA. Saoria.
  SAUCE-ALONE, Alliaria.
  SAUCE, GREEN, Rumex scutatus.
  SAITOH. Salix.
  S A U E RKRAUT, (G.), ' sour cabbage,' (F.)
 Chou-crodte.   A culinary preparation, made with
 chopped cabbage, left to attain an incipient state
 of acetous fermentation.   It is  reputed  by  the
 Germans  to be salubrious, easy of digestion, and
 eminently antiscorbutic.
  SAUGE,  Salvia — «. des  Bois, Teucrium scor-
dium— s. Grande,  Salvia  sclarea — s.  Hormin,
Salvia horminum—s.  de Jirusalem, Pulmonaria
__g. Petite, Salvia — s. Sclarce, Salvia sclarea.
  SAUGII. Salix.
  SAULE, Salix.
|    SAUMrRE.lhiria.
    SAUNDERS, RED, Pterocarpus santalinus —
 s. Tree, Pterocarpus santalinus — s. Yellow, San-
 talum album.
    SAURA, Lizard.
  _ SAURU'RUS  CER'NUUS,  from oavpos,  'a
 lizard,'and  ovpa, 'a tail.'  Lizard's Tail, Breast
 weed.  Indigenous; Order, Saururaceas;  flower-
 ing in June.   It has been used in lumbago.  The
 bruised root is  emollient, and  is a popular ap-
 plication to inflamed breasts.
    SAUSAGE POISON, Allantotoxicum.
    SAUT, Leap.
    SAUTEUSES, see Convulsionnaire.
    SA UVE- VIE, Asplenium ruta muraria.
    SAVE, Sage.
    SA VEUR, Savour.
    SAVINE,  Juniperus sabina.
    SA VINIER, Juniperus sabina.
    SAVON, Sapo — s. Ammoniacal,  Linimentum
 ammonias fortius — «. Cacao, Sapo coconeus — s.
 Calcaire, Linimentum aquae calcis—a. Dur, Sapo
 durus — s. Medicinal, Sapo medicinalis—s.Mou,
 Sapo mollis — *. AW, Sapo  mollis.
    SAVONNIER  COMMUN,  Sapindus  sapo-
 naria.
    SA VONNIERE, Saponaria.
    SAVON CLE, Saponulus.
    SAVON ULUS, Saponulus.
    SAVORY, CILIATED, Satureia capitata —s.
 Summer, Satureia hortensis.
    SA'VOUR, Sa/.or, Taste, (¥.) Savcur. Quality
 of bodies, by which they act upon the  sense  of
 taste.  Chymists,  at times,  avail  themselves  of
 this quality to analyse an unknown substance.
    SAVOUREUN, Savoury.
    SA'VOURY,  Sap'idus,  (¥.)  Savourenx.   An
 epithet given to  bodies  that have  taste; and
 particularly to those that excite a very agreeable
 impression on the organ  of taste.
    SAVOYAN, Galium verum.
    SAW, Prion, Serra, (Da.)  Sawe, (Sax.) ra5a,
 (F.) Scie.  A surgical instrument,  made like a
 common saw; and used  for  sawing the bones in
 amputations, or for removing exostoses, Ac. Saws
 of different sizes and shapes are used in surgery.
 The crown of tbe trepan is nothing more than a
 species of circular saw.
    Saw, Amputa'tion, Serra amputato'ria.  The
 saw used in amputation.
    Saw, Hey's. An instrument used by Mr. Hey,
 of Leeds, in fractures of the cranium.  It consists
 of a long handle, to which  a small  saw with a
 convex or straight edge is attached, and by which
 a piece of bone of any shape may be removed.
 With the trephine, the saw must always be cir-
 cular.
    SAW  PALMETTO, Chamaerops serratula —s.
 Wort, Liatris.
    SAXIF'RAGA, from  saxum, 'a  stone,'  and
 firango. 'I break.'  Pimpinella saxifraga—s. An-
 glica, Peucedanum silaus.
    Saxif'raga Crassifo'lia. Ord. Saxifragacete.
 Sex. Syst. Decandria Digynia,  The root of this
 species of saxifrage has been extolled by Pallas,
 as pre-eminently antiseptic.
    Saxifraga Granula'ta, S.  alba, Sanic'ula,
 Sedum,  White sax'if rage,  (¥.) Saxifrage gramdie.
 Recommended as diurectic and lithontriptic; but
 not used.
    Saxifraga Rubra,  Spiraea  filipendula—s.
 Vulgaris, Peucedanum silaus.
    SAXIFRAGE. BURNET, Pimpinellasaxifraga
 — s. Gramtlie, Saxifraga granulata — s. Meadow,
 Peucedanum  silaus — s.  White, Saxifraga gra-
 nulata,
    SANTFRAGUS, Lithontriptic.
    SAXONTCUS  PULVIS.  A powder, prepared
 with the roots of  the wild and  cultivated ange- 
SCAB
S22   SCAMNUM HIPPOCR ATICUM
lica;  the asclepias  vincetoxicum, Ac.   It was j
considered formerly as an antidote.
  SCAB, Sca'bies, from scabere, 'to dig.'   Scall,
(Prov.) Rove.   An   incrustation,  which  forms
upon a sore, owing to the concretion of the fluid
discharged from it.  An eschar.
  SCABBY" or SCABBED.   Covered or diseased
with scabs.
  SCABIES,  Psora —s. Agria, Lichen — s. Ca-
pitis, Porrigo  lupinosa,  Porrigo  scutulata — s.
Capitis favosa, Porrigo  favosa—s.  Crustosa, Rad-
zyge—s. Fera, Ecthyma,
  Sca'bies Feri'na, Itch of animals, 3Iange, (pro-
nounced Mayrige.)  A cutaneous  disease,  which
affects almost all domestic animals, but especially
the horse, sheep, dog,  and  cow.   It  is  said to
have been transmitted to man; but this is ques-
tionable.
   Scabies  Ferina, Psoriasis — s.  Norwegica
Boeckii, Radzyge — s. Papuliformis, Prurigo — s.
Sicca, Lichen, Psoriasis — s. Venerea contagiosa,
Scherlievo.
   SCABIEUSE ORDINAIRE, Scabiosa.
   SCABIOLA, Scabies.
   SCABIO'SA, S. arverlsis, Tri'chera  arven'sis,
Field Sea'bious, (Sc.)  Eastning wort, (¥.) Sca-
bieuse ordinaire.  Ord.  Dipsaceae.   Sex. Syst.
Tetrandria Monogynia.  From scaber,  'rough,'
owing to its rough  hairy surface.'  The plant is
bitter and sub-astringent, and  was formerly used
in  the cure of leprous affections and  diseased
lungs.
   Scabiosa Arvensis,  Scabiosa — s. Carduifolia,
Echinops.
   Scabiosa Succi'sa, Succisa,  S. praten'sis, Aste-
roceph'alus succisa,  Morsus Diab'oli,  Devil's bit,
 (¥.) Mors dn Diable, has  similar properties.
   SCABIOUS, Erigeron  Philadelphicum — s.
Field, Scabiosa — s. Sweet, Erigeron heteropbyl-
lum.
   SCABISH,  Oenothera biennis.
   SCABRITIES, Lichen, Trachoma.
   SCALA., 'a ladder.'  A machine formerly used
 for reducing dislocations of the humerus.
   ScaLjE of the Coch'lea, Gyri seu Ductus spi-
 ra'les seu  Cana'les  cochlea,  (¥.)  Rampes ou
 Echelles du Limaqon — are  the  cavities  in the
 cochlea, separated from each  other by the spiral
 septum.  The one—Scala interna seu jtoste'rior
 seu inferior coch'lea, S. tym'pani—would com-
 municate with the cavitas tympani by the fenes-
 tra rotunda, were it not for the  membrane that
 closes it.   The other — Scala  exter'na seu ante'-
 rior  seu superior coch'lea,  S. vestib'uli—opens
 into the cavity of the vestibule.  The scalae com-
 municate with  each  other by  an  opening at the
 top of the partition.
   Scala  Anterior Cochleae,  see  Scala—s.
 Clausa,  see Scala—s. Externa  cochleae, see Scala
 —s. Inferior cochlea?, see Scala—s. Interior coch-
 leae,  see Scala—s.  Posterior cochleae, see Scala
 — s. Superior cochleae, see  Scala— s. Tympani,
 see Cochlea, and Scala—s. Vestibuli, see Coch-
 lea, and Scala.
   SCALDRICKS, Sinapis arvensis.
   SCALE, Sax. icale, from rcylan, 'to divide,
 separate;' (G.) Schale,  'shell, peel;' schalen,
 'to shell, to peel.'  Squama, Lepis, (F.) Escaille,
 Ecaille.  An  opake and  thickened lamina of
 cuticle, commonly produced by  some  degree of
 inflammation  of the true skin, over which it is
 formed.
   Scale, Dry, Psoriasis.
   SCALENE ANTERIEUR, Scalenus anticus
 — s. Pastirieur, Scalenus posticus.
   SCALE'NUS, oKaXrivos, 'irregular or unequal.'
 Geometers employ this word  to designate a tri-
 angle whose three sides are unequal.  Anatomists
have given the name to two muscles. 1. Scalenus
Anti'cuS, Portion  of  the  Costo-traehelian (Ch.),
(F.) Scalene antirieur, is situate at the internal
and inferior parts of the  neck.   It is long and
triangular; and is inserted, below, at the upper
surface of the first rib; and, above, at the ante-
rior tubercle of the  transverse processes of the
3d, 4th,  5th, and  6th cervical vertebrae.  This
muscle bends the neck, and  draws it to its side.
It can also raise the first rib.  2. Scalenus Pos-
ti'cus,  (F.) Scalhie  postirieur, Portion  of the
Costo-tracltelian (Ch.), is situate behind the Inst.
It is, also, long and triangular; but more bulky
than the S. anticus.   It is attached, below, to tbe
outer surface of the first two  ribs ; and terminates,
above,  at the summit  of the transverse processes
ofthe last six vertebrae  of the neck.  This mus-
cle bends the neck laterally, and  can elevate tho
first two ribs.   Some  anatomists,  as Albinus and
Sommering, have  described  five scaleni  musclts
on  each  side,  and have  called  them  Sealcin s
prior,  S. min'imus, S. Intern'I Is,  S. me'dius, S.
posti'cus.  Riolan and Chaussh-r only describe
one scalenus muscle  on each  side. Cowper and
Douglas, and the  generality of the English ana-
tomists,  admit three, S.  anticus, me'dius, and
posticus; or, primus,  secuu'dits, and ter'titts;
Winslow, Boyer, and  many  of the French anato-
mists,—two, as above described.
   SCALING — same etymon as Scale—in dentis-
try, is an operation, which  consists in removing
the tartar from the teeth.
   SCALL, ((Sc.) Skaw,) Impetigo, Scab—s. As-
bestos, see Eczema of the hairy scalp—s. Crusted,
Impetigo—s. Dry, Psoriasis—s. Honeycomb, Por-
rigo favosa — s. Humid, Eczema—s. Milky, Por-
rigo larvalis—s. Papulous, Ecthyma—s. Running,
Eczema, Impetigo —  s. Vesicular, Eczema capitis
— s. Washerwoman's, Psoriasis diffusa.
   SCALLARD, Porrigo.
   SCALLED HEAD, Porrigo, P.  scutulata.
   SCALP, Teut. Schelpe,  'a shell.'  (Old Eng.)
Scop.  The integuments covering the bead.  The
hairy scalp  is called,  also, Cajrillil't'iim,  Tricho'-
ton,  Casa'ries, (¥.) Cherelure, Cuir cheveln.
   SCALPEL,  Sealpellmn,  Scalpel'Ins,  Culler,
Inciso'rium,  Smi'leon ;  from scalpo, ' I cut.' A
cutting instrument,  formed of a  blade  of well-
tempered steel, very sharp,  of variable shape and
size, and fixed solidly in a  handle.  Its use is to
divide the soft parts in operations, dissection, Ac.
   SCALPELLUM, Scalpel—s. Lenticulare, Pha-
copis.
   SCALPELLUS, Bistouri, Scalpel.
   SCALPEUM, Bistouri.
   SCALPRUM,  Raspatorium — s. Chirurgicum,
Lancet.
   Scalprum  Denta'rium,  Lima denta'ria.  A
tooth-file.  A dental file  or file used by  the
dentist.
   Scalprum Rasorium, Raspatorium.
   SCALY, Squamous.
   Scaly Diseases or Squama, Lepido'ses, form
the second order in Willan and Bateman's system
of cutaneous diseases.
   SCAMMA, Fossa.
   SCAMMONEE D'ALEP, Convolvulus scam-
monia.
   SCAMMONIUM,  see Convolvulus  scammonia
— s. Syriaeum, Convolvulus scammonia.
   SCAMMONY. Convolvulus scammonia.
   Scammony,  Bourbon.  The concrete juice of
 Pcriploca Mauritiana.
   Scammony, Germany.  The concrete juice of
 Convolvulus sepium.
   Scammony of Montpellier, Cynanchum Mon-
 spelincum.
1   SCAMNUM HIPPOCRAT'ICUM, (scamnum, 
SCANDIX
823
SCAPULAR
'a bench.')   Bathron Hlpjrocratlon  of Galen,
(F.)  Banc d'llippoeraie.   A machine invented
by Hippocrates for reducing fractures.   It was a
sort  of bed, six feet  long, on which  the patient
was fixed.   Straps were  attached  above and be-
low the fracture or luxation, ami  extension  and
counter-extension  were effected by a winch.  It
is described in Galen, Oribasius,  Scultetus, Ac.
See Bathron.
   SCANDIX. S. cerefolium.
   Scandix  Bulbocastanu.m, Bunium bulbocas-
tanuin.
   Scandix  Cerefo'lium.  Scandix,  Scandyx,
Pee.ten  Ven'eris,  Cert folium, Daucus Sejtrin'ins,
Chai-opliyllurn, Ch.  Sativum,  seu  Cerefo'lium,
Autliris'cus  cerefolium,   Chare fo'lium,  Chervil,
(V.)  Cerfeuil.   'Ord.  Umbelliferae.   Sex.  Syst.
Pentandria  Digyi;ia.   A  culinary herb,  which is
slightly aromatic and grateful.  It is said to be
gently aperient and diuretic
   Scandix  Odora'ta, Sweet  Cic"ely.   Properties
the  same  as  the  other.  Also,  Chasrophyllum
odor'atum.
   SCANDULARIUS  MUSCULUS,  Parathenar,
Transversus pedis.
   SCANDYX, Scandix cerefolium.
   SCAPHA, Scajrhus, 'a skiff or cock-boat,'from
oKairrw, ' I  make  hollow.'  The  excavation or
cavity ofthe external ear, between the helix and
anthelix.  The meatus auditorius externus.   The
rima vulvae.  Also the name of a bandage for the
head, mentioned by Galen, and called,  likewise,
 Tholtis Diocle'us.
   SCAPIIIA. Nates.
   SCAPIIION. Cranium, Papaver (Capsule).
   SCA'PHIUM  OCULA'RE,  Pelvis Oc.ula'ris,
F, tin-glass,  (¥.)  Bassin   ou Condole  oculaire,
 tEillih-e.    A small porcelain,  glass or metallic
vessel, used for applying lotions to the eye.
   SCA PHO - CARPO - SUPER- PHALANGEUS
POLLICIS. Abductor pollicis brevis.
   SCAPHOID, Scaphoi'des, frora  oKatpri, 'a skiff,'
and ttios,  'form.'  A name given to several parts.
   Scaphoid Fossa, Fossa Scaphoi'des,  (¥.) En-
foncement  Scajihoiile.   A small   cavity at the
upper part  of  the internal ala  of the pterygoid
process, in which  the peristaphylinus internus is
attached.
   Scaphoid Bone  of the Hand, Os Scaphoides
Montis seu navicula're seu cyrnbifor'me, Boat-like
bone, (¥.) Scapho'ide de la main.  The first bone
of the first  row of the  carpus.  The upper  sur-
face is  convex, and articulated with the radius.
The under and outer surfaces are  also convex,—
to he articulated with the trapezium and trape-
zoides.  Between  the  upper and under cai tilagi-
nous surfaces there is a rough fossa for the inser-
tion of the capsular ligament.   The anterior and
inner surface has an oval cavity, where it is arti-
culated with the os magnum, which  gives name
to the bone.   There is a process on the outer end
ofthe bone, for the attachment  of part ofthe an-
terior transverse ligament of the wrist.
   Scaphoid Bone  of the Foot,  Os Scaphoides
Palis seu navicula're, seu cyrnbifor'me, Boat-like
bone, (F.)  Scaplinide du Pied.   This bone  is
situate at  the forepart of the astragalus and inner
part of the foot.   The posterior surface forms a
cavity, somewhat like that of a boat, for receiving
the head of the astragalus.   There  is a promi-
nence at the inner side of the bone, for the inser-
tion  of tendons, muscles,  and strong ligaments.
The forepart of the bone is convex, and divided
into  three articular surfaces  for articulation with
the ossa cuneiforiuia.   Between the os naviculare
and astragalus, the foot has  its principal lateral
and  rotary motions;  although each of the other
joints of the tarsus contributes  a little.  Part of
the tibialis posticus is inserted into it.
  SCAPHO'IDE DE LA MAIN, Os scaphoides
manfls — s. du Pied, Os scaphoides pedis.
  SCAPHOIDO-ASTRAG'ALAN,  Scajthdido-
astragala'nus.  That  which  relates to the sca-
phoid bone and astragalus.   The articulation of
these bones is so called ; and the ligament which
strengthens it is termed the Scapho'ido-astragalan
ligament.
  SCAPHOIDO-CUBOID,  Scaphoido-cuboida'-
ii8.   That which relates to the scaphoid and  cu-
boid bones.   The  articulation  of those bones is
so called.
  SCAPHULA, Naviculars fossa.
  SCAPHUS,  Auditory canal,  external,  Rima
vulvas, Scapha.
  SCAP'ULA, Scap'nlum, Plata, Omopla'ta, Ho-
moplata, Scop'tula, Ejtino'tion,  Lulitu'do hu'meri,
Omojt'late, Os latum  hu'meri, Scutum thora'cis
seu  cordis,  Spath'ula,  Pteryg'ium,  Chelo'nium,
Spat'ula;  Blade-bone,  Shoulder-blade, (Prov.)
Shield-bone,  Plate-bone, Spade-bone,  (F.) Omo-
jtlate.  An irregular, broad, flat bone, of a  tri-
angular shape, situate at the posterior part of the
shoulder.   It has,  1.  A posterior or dorsal sur-
face or Dorsum, Testu'do scajtu'la, divided trans-
versely into  two  parts, by a triangular process,
called Spine  ofthe Scajtula;  which  terminates
by  a considerable eminence,  called Acromion.
Above the  spine,  is tbe Fossa  supra-spinata;
below it, tho F.  infira-sjtinala.   2. An  anterior
or  costal  surface  or venter, forming the Fossa
subscapularis.   3.  A superior or cervical  edge,
which is  thin, and terminates, anteriorly, by  a
strong,  curved  apophysis,  called the coracoid
process.   4. A posterior or vertebral edge, called,
also, the base.  5. An outer or axillary or infe-
rior  edge, having  a thick, truncated angle, in
which is the glenoid cavity.   With this is articu-
lated the  head  of the humerus.  The glenoid
cavity is separated from the body of the bone by
a narrow'part called the  cervix or neck.   Tbe
edges or margins  are,  also, called costa.  The
scapula has three angles — an  inferior, superior,
and anterior.
  Scapula, Humerus.
  Scapulae  Nasi, Partes  latera'les nasi.  The
lateral parts of the nose.
  SCAPULAL'GIA ; from  scapula,  ' the shoul-
der-blade,' and aXyos, 'pain.'   Arthralgia of  the
shoulder-joint.
  SCAP'ULAR,  Scajt'ulary,  Scapula'ris, (¥.)
Scapulaire,  from  scajtula,  ' the shoulder-blade.'
That which relates or belongs to  the scapula.
  Scapular  Aponeuro'sis. A broad, thin apo-
neurosis,  with decussating  fibres; which  is  at-
tached, above, to the spine ofthe  scapula;  below,
to a crest between the teres  major and infraspi-
natus : within, to the  spinal edge of the scapula ;
and which, at its  middle,  unites with the thin
aponeurosis that  covers a  part of the external
surface of the deltoid.
  Scapular   Arteries.    These  are  several.
a. The  Superior scapular,  Superficial scapular
of Somraering, Dorsa'lis scajtula superior, Trans-
versa'lis scapula, T. Hu'meri.  This  arises  from
the subclavian; and often  from the inferior thy-
roid, or from  a trunk  common to it and the pos-
terior scajmlar or transverse scajtular or cervical.
It passes behind the clavical. above the superior
etlge of the scapula, and buries  itself between  the
dorsal surface of that bone and  the muscles  in-
serted into it.  b. The  inferior scajittlar or com-
mon scajrular or internal scapular or subscapular
artery, A. Thorac"ica axilla'ris seu ala'ris is of
considerable size.   It arises from the inferior part
of the axillary artery, behiud the brachial plexus
—gives off several branches to the armpit, and
divides into two branches;—the one, Scapula'ris 
SCAPULARE
824
SCELOS
interna, and the smaller of the  two,  is distribu-
ted, almost entirely, to the serratus major  anti-
cus,  and latissimus dorsi; the other,  the larger
of tbe two,  the Dorsa'lis  Scap'ula inferior seu
Circumflex'a  Scapula'ris,  which  distributes  its
branches  to  the subscapular aud supra-spinal,
and infra-spinal regions.
  Scapular Notch, see Notch, scapular.
  Scapular Veins follow the same course as the
arteries, which they accompany.
  SCAPULARE, Scapulary.
  SCAP'ULARY, Scapula're. Fascia Scapula'-
ris, from scajtula.   A broad, linen bandage, divi-
ded into two  tails for three quarters of its length,
the undivided extremity of which is  attached to
the posterior and middle part of  a bandage car-
ried  round the  body; the tails passing over the
shoulders; and being attached to  the  anterior
part  of the  body bandage,  to  prevent it  from
slipping down.
  SCAPULODYN'IA, from scapula,  and oivvv,
'pain.'  A hybrid word, signifying pain or rheu-
matism of the shoulder.
  SCAP'ULO-HU'MERAL.  An  epithet given
to the shoulder-joint.   It is an orbicular articula-
tion,  resulting  from the reception  of the head of
the humerus into the glenoid cavity of the sca-
pula.  To keep  the  bones in  connexion,  there
are:  1. A very strong, conoidal  capsular  liga-
ment; passing from the circumference of the gle-
noid  cavity  around the neck of  the humerus.  2.
A fibro-cartilaginotts ring,  called the glenoid liga-
ment, and a synovial capsule.
   SOAPULO-HUMEllAL, Teres major—s. Hu-
niiro-olicranien, Triceps extensor  cubiti — s. Hy-
„idicn, Omohyoideus — s.  Radial, Biceps flexor
cubiti — *. Trochitirien, grand, Infra-spinatus.
   SCAPUS. Penis, see Hair.
   SCAR, Cicatrix.
   Scar,  Seam.  To  mark  with  a  cicatrix or
seam; — as  scarred, (Sc.)  arred,  means  marked
with a cicatrix or seam.
   SCARAB^OLUSHEMISPH^ERICUS, Coc-
cus cacti.
   SCARBOROUGH, MINERAL WATERS OF.
Scarborough Spa.  A  celebrated  English chaly-
beate, at  Scarborough, in Yorkshire.   One of the
springs is a simple,  carbonated chalybeate, like
that  of Tunbridge : the other has an admixture
of purging  salt.  Scarborough, having the addi-
tional  advantage of  sea-bathing, is much fre-
quented bv invalids.
   SCARCHT, Hermaphrodite.
   SCARDAMYG'MUS, Scardamyx'is, (¥.) Clig-
ttemerit, from oKapianvooeiv, 'to wink.'  Winking.
   SCARFSK1N, Epidermis.
   SCARIFICA'TION,  Scadfiea'tio,   Amyx'is,
 S'-hasis,  Catacas'inus, Catachas'rrius, Amyg'mus,
 Schasmua,  Enchttrax'is,   from  oKapttfiaopai,  'to
 make a slight  scratch.'   The act of scarifying.
 Also, a small incision, Anlyche, made into  the
 skin  with   a  lancet,  bistoury,  or  scarificator,
 for   different  therapeutical  purposes, — as  to
 draw blood, or to  discharge some effused  fluid.
 When the scarifications are very  superficial, and
 do not go farther than the skin, they are termed
 bv the French, Mouchetures.
  "SCARIFICATOR, Scarificato'rium,  Schaste'-
 rium.  Same etymon. An instrument for making
 scarifications.   It  consists of a small brass box,
 of a cubical  shape,  in  which 10 or 12 lancet
 points turn upon a common pivot.  By  means of
 a spring, all these blades can be made to issue at
 once, and make as many scarifications.
   SCARIFICATORIUM, Scarificator.
   SCARIOLA, Cichorium endivia, Lactuca sca-
 riola,
   SCARIOLE, Cichorum endivia.
  SOARLATA, Scarlatina.
  SCARLATI'NA, from  (I.)  scarlatte, 'a deep
red.'  Scarlata,  Enunthe'sis Rosa'tia, Rosillia,
Rossa'lia, R. squamo'sa,  Rosa'tia, Rube'ula, of
some, Morbilli  ig'nei seu  conflneu'tes,  Morbus
scarlatino'sus, Febris  scarlutino'sa  sen   rubra,
Gut'turis morbus  epidenlicus purest'i,  I'ur'pnra,
Typhus  scarlati'nus, Porjihyris'mus,  Porphyris'-
ma, Scarlet or Rash-fever, (¥.) Fievre rouge, /'.
pourprie.  The characteristic  symptoms of scar-
latina are : — a scarlet flush, nppenring about the
second day of fever on  tbe face, neck, and fauces;
and progressively spreading over the  body : ter-
minating about the 7th day.   Two great varieties
may be  reckoned  :—tbe S. simjrlex seu febris sen
benig'na seu  sine angi'nd, in which  the fever is
moderate and  terminates with tbe efflorescence;
prostration of strength being  trifling, and the
contagious property slight;—and the S. Angino'stt
seu Puristhncilica seu Cynuncllica seu mil'ior,
in which the fever is severe ;  the throat ulcerated;
the eruption later in its appearance, and less ex-
tensive; often changing to a livid  hue; the fever
being highly contagious.  Scarlati na malig'na
seu gru'vior, has  been reckoned a variety of this,
in its worst degree.  It agrees  with the Cynanche
maligna of Cuilen.
  Scarlatina  belongs to  the Major exanthemata,
and is a disease, chiefly, of children. The eruption
differs from that of measles, in being an efflores-
cence not raised above the cuticle. Measles, too,
is nttended with  catarrhal symptoms,  whilst the
complication,  in  scarlatina,  is  cynanche.  The
treatment of simple scarlatina  need not be much.
It must be antiphlogistic.  If  tbe  throat be  very
much ulcerated,  acid  gargles  and counter-irri-
tants must be employed ; and  if the affection be-
come manifestly typhoid, and  the  sore throat of
a malignant character, the case must  be treated
like  typhus gravior;  with  antiseptic  gargles of
bark, acid, Ac.   Anasarca sometimes supervenes
on scarlatina, and requires attention.  Purgatives
are here demanded as well as  the use of sorbet'a-
cients, such as mercury and squill, Ac.
  Scarlatina Anginosa, see  Scarlatina—s. Be-
nigna, see Scarlatina—s. Cynanchica, see Scar-
latina—s. Febris, see Scarlatina—s. Gravior, see
Scarlatina — s. Miliaris, Rubeola — s. Mitior, see
Scarlatina — s. Paristhmitica,  see  Scarlatina — s.
Pustulosa, Rubeola—s.  Rheumatica,  Dengue —
s. Sine  Angina, see Scarlatina—s.  Urticata, Urti-
caria.
  SCARLATI'NOUS, Scarlatinal,  Scarlatino'-
sus.   Relating or appertaining to scarlatina.
  SCARLET BERRY. Solanum dulcamara.
  SCARLET FEVER, Scarlatina.
  SCATACRASIA, Scoracrasia.
  SCATACRATIA, Scoracrasia.
   SCAW, Sambucus.
   SCEAU DE  SALOMON,  Convallaria poly-
gonatum.
  SCELAL'GIA, from astXos, ' the leg,' and u\yos,
'pain.'   Pain of  the leg.
   Scelalgia Antica. Neuralgia  femoro-pretibi-
alis — s. Postica, Neuralgia femoro-poplitea — 8.
Puerperarum, Phlegmatia dolens.
   SCELETEU'SIS.   Mummification.  Also,Oie
mode  of making a skeleton,  Skeletopce'a,  Syri-
tax'is.
   SOELETOLOGIA,  Skeletology.
   SCELETON. Skeleton.
   SCELETOP05A, Sceleteusis.
   SCELETUM,  Skeleton—s. Artificial, see Ske-
leton— s. Naturale, see  Skeleton.
   SCELONCUS, Phlegmatia  dolens.
   SCELORRHEU'MA,   Rheumutis'mus  cruris,
from okIXos,  'the leg,'  and  ptvua,  'defluxion,
rheumatism.'  Rheumatism of the leg.
   SCELOS, Leg. 
SCELOTVRBE             825             SCHWENDECK
  SCEEOTYRBE, Chorea, Porpbyra nautica —
n. Febrilis, see Subsultus tendinum—s. Festinans,
Paralysis agitans — s. Tarantismus, Chorea.
  SCEPARNON. Amnios, Ascia.
  SCEPASTEIUUM, Couvrechef.
  SCEPASTRU.M, Couvrechef.
  SCEPTRUM, Penis.
  SCII AS IS. Scarification.
  SCI I AS.MIS, Scarification.
  SCHASTERION, Fleam, Lancet,  Scarificator.
  SCIIEBA ARABUM, Artemisia santonica.
  SCIIEDULA, Prescription.
  SC1IE1U5ET', Sherbet', Serbel, Tscherbel, Sor-
be'thum, Soiiiet'tum, Sorbe'tuni.  A drink prepared
by  the Turks,  Persians,  Egyptians,  Ac,  with
sugar and the juice of acid fruits.
  SCHERLIEVO, Skerljeco,  Male di Scherliero,
Male di Breno, Male di Fiuiue, Male di Scarliero,
Male  svabioso  renereo,  Margaretizza,  Morbus
Croat us seu fluininierlsis, Framboe'sia I/tyr'ica.
Scabies venerea contagio'sa,   Venereal  Itch.  A
name  given  to a particular  form  of syphilis,
observed in Illy ria.   It is said to be capable of
being communicated without immediate contact;
and, that its principal symptoms are: — pains in
the bones, ulceration of the fauces, pustules, and
fungous growths in different parts of tbe body.
  Affections, known by this name, as well  as by
those of Male  di Breno, I'alcadi'na, Boala and
Frenga, prevail in tbe frontier countries of the
Austrian empire, and are generally regarded as
contagious, of  syphilitic origin,  and as having
been  introduced  from a  surrounding  country.
The terms appear, however, in the course of time,
to have been applied to a variety of ulcers, erup-
tions,  and other morbid  conditions  in  no way
connected with syphilis, so that they lost  their
peculiar signification. — Sigmund.
  SCIIERO'MA.  A dryness of the eye from the
want of lachrymal secretion. — Dictionaries.
  SCHIAS. Neuralgia feinoro-poplitea.
  S0I1IATICUS. Sciatic.
  SCIITDAKE'DON, Sehidace'dum, Schindace'-
dnm, Seliindalamus,  Scliiiidalimts,  from  oki^oi,
' I cieavc'  A longitudinal fracture of a bone.—
Galen.
  SC HIND A PEDUM, Schidakedon.
  SC11INDALAMUS, Schidakedon,  Schindy-
lesis.
  SCIITNDALESIS, Schindylesis.
  SCIUNDALMUS, Schidakedon,  Schindylesis.
  SCHINDYLESIS, Sclrindate'sis, Seliindala-
mus, Schindalnuts.  An articulation of bones —
by furrowing, as it were ; as in that of the vomer,
which  constitutes, in part,  the septum  narium.
Also, the act of splitting into small pieces :  from
it^u'iJuAeu?, 'I split  into small  pieces.'—Hippo-
crates.
  SCIIINEL^E'ON,  from  o^n'of,  'the  mastic
tree,'and tXatov,  'oil;' Oleum  lentis'cinum.  Oil
of mastic. — Dioscorides.
  SCHINOCEPIIALUS, Scillocephalus.
  SCIIINOS, Scilla.
  SCHINZNACH or HAPSBURG, MINERAL
WATERS OF.  These springs are  situate three
leagues from Baden, and  are  amongst the  most
celebrated bathing-places in  Switzerland.  The
waters are of  the saline  sulphurous kind; and
have a high  reputation in cutaneous and  rheu-
matic  affections, visceral obstructions, and glan-
dular  enlargements.  Tbey contain  sulphate of
lime, sulphate of soda, chloride of sodium, chlo-
ride of magnesium,  sulphate of magnesia,  sul-
phate of lime,  carbonate of magnesia, and oxide
of  iron;  sulphohydrio  acid,  and carbonic acid
gases.
  SCH ISM A. Fissure. Rima.
  SCUISTOCEPIl'ALUS, from <7y,ioto{,  'cleft,
 separated,'and Kttj>a\ri, 'head.' A monster having
 some part ofthe bead cleft or fissured. — Gurlt.
   SCHISTOCOR'MUS, from o-^iotus, 'cleft, sepa-
 rated,'  and Koppos,  'trunk.'   A monster having
 some part of the trunk cleft  or fissured. — Gurlt.
   SCHISTOM'ELUS, from  aXt^os, 'cleft, sepa-
 rated,'  nnd pt\os,  'a limb.'  A monster  whose
 limbs are fissured.
   SCIIISTORRHACHIS, Hydrorachis.
   SCIIISTOSO'MUS, from  axtoros, 'cleft,'  and
 aorpa, 'body.'  A malformation  of  the abdomen,
 in which the fissure and eventration extend over
 the entire length of the  abdomen ;  the lower ex-
 tremities being absent, or very little developed,
 so that the  body appears as if truncated infe-
 riorly.—Vogel.
   SCHIZA,  Rima, Rima vulvae.
   SCHIZATRICH'IA,   Trichos'chisis,  Schizo-
 trich'ia, from cxl&- 'I split,' and 0p<f, rpt^of, 'a
 hair.'  Tbe splitting  of the  hairs at their extre-
 mities.— J. P. Frank.
   SCIILANGENBAD,  MINERAL  WATERS
 OF.  Scblangenbad is a lniich-frequented  water-
 ing-place  in  Germany.   The waters contain  a
 little carbonic acid,  and carbonate of soda.  Tem-
 perature 86° Fahrenheit.
   SCHNAPPS. SCHIEDAM, see Gin.
   SCHNEIDERIAN IMEMBRANE,  Pituitary
 membrane.
   SCIKENANTIIUS, Juncus odoratus.
   SCIIOLA, School.
   SC1IOLLERA OXYCOCCOS, Vaccinium oxy-
 coccos.
   SCHOOL. Schola, (¥.) Ecole.  A place of edu-
 cation.  In Europe the large Medical Schools are
 usually attached to the universities.  In England,
 however, there  has been  no medical school of
 celebrity at either of the universities of Oxford
 or Cambridge; owing greatly to their provincial
 situation.  Of late, two  schools have existed in
 London, attached to  the  London  University —
 University College  and  King's  College.   Excel-
 lent private schools have, however, long existed
 in that metropolis.  Tbe medical  schools of  Eu-
 rope which have been most celebrated, are those
 of Edinburgh, Leyden, Berlin, Halle, Tubingen,
 Paris,  Montpellier,  Bologna, Padua, Pavia,  and
 Pisa.   In tbe United States, the medical schools
 are numerous;  at this time  not fewer,  perhaps,
 than 40.  Those most numerously attended, are
 Jefferson  Medical  College of Philadelphia, the
 niedical department of  the  University of  Penn-
 sylvania, and the University of Nashville.
   SCHOOLEY'S MOUNTAIN, MINERAL
 WATERS OF.  The waters of this New Jersey
 Spring are a carbonated chalybeate.  According
 to Dr.  McNevin, they contain extractive, chloride
 of sodium, chloride of calcium, chloride  of mag-
 nesium, carbonate of  lime, sulphate of lime,  car-
 bonate  of magnesia,  silex,  and carbonate,  and
 oxide of iron.
   SCHORBUTUS,  Purpura.
   SCIIOUSB.EA COCCINEA, Cacoucia  cocci-
 nea.
   SCIIWALBAC1I or  LANCExN-SCIIWAL-
 BACII, MINERAL WATERS OF.  Schwalbach
 is a town of Germany, seated on the Aa, 32 miles
 west of Frankfort.  The waters contain  chloride
 of sodium, carbonates of lime and magnesia, iron,
 sulphate of lime,  carbonic  acid,  oxygen,  Ac.
 Employed as a tonic.
   SCHWANN, WHITE SUBSTANCE  OF, see
 Substance, white, of Schwann.
J   SCHWENDECK, MINERAL WATERS  OF.
 These  waters are about  5 leagues  from  Munich,
I in Bavaria.  Tbey contain carbonic acid;  carbo-
 nate and sulphate  of lime, chloride of  calcium;
i, chloride of magnesium;  carbonate of soda,  aud 
SCIATIC
826
SCIRRHUS
oxide of iron, and are much used  for cutaneous [
affections.
  SCIAT'IC, Sciat'icus,  Ischial ic, Ischial icus,
Schialicus,  (¥.)  Seiatique, from  itr^iov, 'the
haunch.'   A word formed by contraction from
ischiatic, which latter is still used.  See Ischiatic
  Sciatic  Nerve, Great, Nervus ischiad'icus,
Great fem'oro-pojtlite'al (Ch.),  (F.) Grand nerf
seiatique, ought to be esteemed a continuation of
the sacral  plexus.   It issues from the pelvis be-
tween the pyramidalis  and superior gemellus;
descends along the posterior part of  the  thigh ;
and after having given branches to the gemini,
quadratus, obturator externus, glutasus maximus,
semi-membranosus, semi-tendinosus,  biceps and
third abductor  muscles, it divides, about the in-
ferior third of the thigh, into two branches ; the
one, named the external popliteal; the other, the
internal.
  Sciatic   Nerve,  Lesser,  Inferior glu'teal
branch of the sacral plexus, Lesser fem'oro-pojtli-
te'al  nerve (Ch.), (F.) Nerf jtetit seiatique, which
seems especially formed by the 2d and 3d  sacral,
is given off from the lower part of tbe plexus, and
escapes from the pelvis beneath  the pyramidalis
muscle.  It gives branches — nervi cnta'nei clil-  |
?i?'k;/? infierio'res — to  the glutasus  maximus;  a
sciatic  branch or infra-pelvic cutaneous or jteri-
neal cutaneous, Pudenda'lis longus infe'rior, which
passes under the tuberosity of  the ischium, and
furnishes filaments to the glutasus  maximus, and
to  the  muscles of the perinasum, urethra, penis,
scrotum, Ac; anda posterior femoral cutaneous
branch — middle posterior cutaneous nerve — the
filaments of which traverse the femoral aponeu-
rosis, to be distributed on  the skin of the poste-
rior part of the thigh.   The principal branch of
the lesser  sciatic  nerve  divides, near the ham,
into two or three filaments, which descend under
the integuments almost as far as the inferior part
 of  the leg.
   Sciatic  Notch, Great,  Sciatic  Fora'men, In-
cisu'ra ischiailtea major, (F.) Grande icliancrure
seiatique ou grand trou seiatique, is a  large notch
at  the  posterior edge of each  os  innominatum,
below the  posterior and inferior iliac spine, which
is converted into a foramen by the sacrum and
 sacro-sciatic ligaments.   The lesser sciatic notch,
 Incisu'ra  ischiad'ica  minor, Luna Alblni, (¥.)
 Petite  ichancrure ischiatiqiie,  is  much  smaller
 than the last, from which it is  separated  by the
 sciatic  spine.   It  gives passage  to the tendon  of
 the obturator internus, and to the internal pudic
 vessels and nerves.
   Sciatic Region, Ischiadic region.
   Sciatic Spine,  Spine of the Ischium, Spinous
 Proc"ess of the Ischium, is a short, flat, pyramidal
 eminence  on the os innominatum,  above the pre-
 ceding  foramen;  which  gives  insertion  to the
 lesser sacro-sciatie ligament.
   SCIATICA,  Neuralgia femoro-poplitea.
   SCIATIQUE,  Neuralgia femoro-poplitea, Sci-
 atic.
    SCIE. Saw.
   SCIENTTA  HERMETICA, Alchymy—s. Me-
 dendi,  Medicina — s. Medica, Medicina.
   SCIERO'PIA, from oKitpos,  'shady,'and 6?\1>,
 'the eye.'  A defect of vision, in which  all ob-
 jects have a darker hue than natural.
   SCILLA,  oKiWa, from (r^<£u>, 'I  cleave, I
 split' [?J.   Scilla  seu Squilla  marit'ima,  Scylla,
 Asehil, Schinos, Oc'utus Tyjtho'nis, Ornithirg'alum
 marit'imum seu squilla, Stella'ris seu  Urgin'ea
 scilla,  Cepa marl na scilla, Squilla, Squill or sea
 onion,  Eye of  Typhon, (¥.) Ognon marin.  Ord.
 Lilinceae.   Sex.   Syst.  Hexandria  Monogynia.
 Native of Spain, Austria, Ac.   The bulb  or root
 of tbe  squill has a bitter, nauseous taste, and  is
 extremely acrid;  inflaming  the   skin  when
rubbed on it.  Its acrimony, on which its virtues
depend, is destroyed by heat, drying, nnd  keep-
ing.   It is extracted  by vinegar, spirit, and
water.  In large doses, squill is emetic and pur-
gative ;  in small doses, diuretic and expectorant.
Its  active  principle has  been called  scillitine.
Dose, gr. j to v of the  dried  root, united  or not
with mercury.
  Scilla Esculen'tA, Plialailgium esculen'turn,
Eastern Qua mash, Wild Hy'acinth; indigenous;
flowering  in May.   An article of diet  amongst
the Western Indians.  It  is made into bread and
poultices for inflamed breasts.
  SCILLFT'IC, Scillilicus, (F.) Scillitique, from
scilla, 'squill.'   Containing squill.
  SCTLLOCEPH'ALUS,  Scliinocejrh'alus.  from
oKtWa, 'the  squill,' and KttpaXn, 'head.'  (hie who
has a large bulbiform head.
  SCTNCUS, aKtyKos or oKiyyos.  A species of
Saurus or Lacer'ta, common in Egypt, and much
extolled by the  ancients  as  alexipharmic and
aphrodisiac.
  SCIKTIL'LA VEN'ERIS, 'a spark, a relic of
Venus.'  A  name given,  by  Paracelsus,  to the
impotence and loss  of power in  the limbs, pro-
duced by syphilis.
  SCINTJLLEMFNT DE L'lEIL, Cnnfusio.
  SCIOM'ACHY, Skioma'chia, Skiamachia; from
oKta, ' a shade,' and paxn,  ' a fight.'  A gymnastic
exercise with the ancients, which consisted in a
mock encounter at boxing  and jumping  with
one's own shadow.
  SCIRHUS, Scirrhus.
  SfTRPUS PALUSTRIS, Eleocharis palustris.
  SCIRRHE,  Scirrhus.
  SCIRRHOBLEPHARONCUS, see Scleriasis.
  SCIRRHOCELE, Orcheocele scirrhosa.
  SCIRRHOGAS'TRIA, Scirrhus  rintrie'nli,
(¥.) Sqitirrogastrie; from scirrhus, and yaornp,
'stomach.'   Scirrhus ofthe stomach.
  SCTR'RHOID, Scirrhoi'des, Seirrho'des, frora
oKipos, 'scirrhus,' and  ttSos, 'resemblance.'   Re-
sembling scirrhus.
  SCIRRHOMA, Scirrhus.
  SCIRRHOPHTHAL'MIA, Sclerophthal'mia,
from scirrhus,  and  otp$a\pos, 'the eye'   Cancer
oc'uli.  Cancer of the eye.
  Scirrhophthalmia  Palpebrarum, see  Scle-
riasis.
  SCIRRIIOSARCA NEONATORUM, Indura-
tion ofthe cellular  tissue. .
  SCIRRIIOSIS, Scirrhus.
  SCIRRHOUS,  Scirrho'sits, (¥.) Sqnirrheux,
from scirrhus.  Of or belonging to scirrhus.
  Scirrhous   Sarco'ma  of  Ab'ernethy, Em-
phy'ma sarco'ma seirrho'sum.  Hard, rigid, vas-
cular infarction of glandular follicles; indolent,
insentient,  glabrous;  sometimes  shrinking and
becoming more indurated.  Found in glandulous
structures.
  SCIRRHUS,  Scirhus,  Sqnirrhus,   Skirrhus,
St-.irrho'ma, Scirrho'sis, Cancer scirrho'sits, Qur-
cino'ma sinijtlex seu filtro'sum, Induru'tio  malig'-
na,  Sclerus, Carcinom'atous sarco'ma, Hard or
Fibrous cancer ; from ompos,  'hard,' 'indurated;'
(F.) Sqnirrhe, Squirre, Schirre, Skirre,  Cancer
dur ou sqm'rrheux ou fibreux.  A disease, so called
from the hardness that characterizes it.  It is a
state of induration,  of  a  peculiar kind, affecting
glandular  structures generally,  but capable of
occurring in other textures.  It usually precedes
carcinoma, of which it may, indeed, be considered
as  the first stage.   Scirrhus  must not be con-
founded with the induration which succeeds in-
flammation, although  tbe two  states  are often
complicated, and may stand, occasionally, in the
relation of  cause and effect to each  other.  Scir-
rhus is ordinarily accompanied by violent shoot-
ing pains.  It is also irregular on its surface; 
SCISSION               827       SCOLOPOMACH.ERION
and when cut  into has a bluish or grayish white
colour.   When the surgeon is satisfied of the ex-
istence of scirrhus,  he  had  better remove it at
once.  No other treatment seems to possess much
advantage.
   Galen  uses  the terra  Scirrho'sis for a livid ex-
crescence caused by  inflamtnation.
   Scirrhus et Carcinoma Ventriculi, see Gas-
trostcnosis cardiaca  et pylorica — s. Hepatis, He-
patoscirrhus—s. Intestinorum, Enteropathia can-
eerosa — s. Palpebrarum, see Scleriasis — s. Tes-
ticuli, Sarcocele — s. Uteri,  Metroscirrhus—s.
Ventriculi, Gastroscirrhus.
   SCISSION,.see Generation.
   SCISS/PAR1TE, see Generation.
   SCISSORS, Scissor,  'a carver,' from scindere,
 ecissum,  ' to cut.'  Forfiex, Ftrrpex, Psulis, Tomis,
 (¥.)  Ciseaux.   A well-known instrument  in com-
 mon use, and often  employed in surgery.  Scis-
 sors  are  composed of two cutting blades, crossing
 each other and moving upon an  axis.  Tbey are
 strait/lit  or curved.   Sometimes  the  curve is on
 the flat  side, when  they are called, in  France,
 Ciseaux  d cuiller; at others,  on their edges.
 The scissors, bent  so that  the  blades make an
 obtuse angle  with  the  handles  are also much
 used. They  are called in France Ciseaux entitles.
 Scissors are  used for dividing  soft,  loose, isola-
 ted parts, which it would be difficult  to reach .mil
 to cut with  the bistoury.   They are employed,
 likewise, in the operation for harelip, and for re-
 moving warts, fungous excrescences, Ac.
    SCISSURA, Fissure — s.  Vulvee, see Rima.
    SCISSUR.E, Rhagades.
    SCISSURE DE GLASER, Fissure, glenoid—
 __g. Grand tnidiane  du Cervelet, Valley—s. de San-
 torini, Santorini, fissure of.
    SKERL.IEVO, Scherlievo.
    SCLAREA, Salvia sclarea.
    SCLEREMA, Induration ofthe cellular tissue.
    SCLEREME, Induration of the cellular tissue.
    SCLER E.MIA, Induration of the cellular tissue.
    SCLEREMUS, Induration ofthe cellular tissue.
    SCLERENCEPHA'LIA, Indnra'tio  cer'ebri,
  from oK\npos, 'hard,' and  tyKttpa\ov, 'the brain.'
  (F.) Enditreissement du cerveau.  Induration of
  the brain.
    SCLERIA, Scleriasis.
    SCLERI'ASIS,  Sclero'ma, Sclero'sis,  Scle'ria,
   Sclerys'inus,  Sejth'irus, from a^np-c, 'hard.'  Any
  kind of hardness or induration.  Sometimes hard-
  ness of the eyelids, Callo'sitas seu Scirrhojrhthal-
  mia seu  Scirrhus  palpebra'rum, Scirrhoblepha-
  ron'cus : at others, hardness of the genital organs
   of the  female; probably synonymous with  scir-
   rhus.— Galen.  Paulus.   Hardness of bones,
   Fragilitas Os'sium.
    SCLERITIS, Sclerotitis.
    SCLERODERMA,  Induration of the cellular
   tissue.
    SCLERODES, Sclerotic.
    SCLERO-IRITIS.   Inflammation of the scle-
  rotic and iris.
    SCLEROMA, Induration ofthe cellular tissue,
   Scleriasis.
    SCLEROMENINX, Dura mater.
     SCLERONYXIS, Scleroticonyxis.
     SCLEROPHTHALMIA, Hordeolum,  Scirroph-
   thalmia.
    SrLEROS, Hard.
    SCLEROSARCO'MA, from txK\npos, 'hard,' and
   uapKoifia, ' a fleshy tumour.'   A  hard, fleshy tu-
   mour,  seated  on  the gums, and  resembling a
   cock's  comb.
    SCLEROSIS, Induration ofthe cellular tissue,
  Scleriasis.
    SCLEROSTENOSIS CUTANEA,  Induration
  of the  cellular tissue.
  SLuEROT'IC, Sclerolica,  from  oKKinpoia,  'I
harden.'   Cornea ojulca, Sclera'des, Tunica dura
seu albugin'ea seu du'rior et crass'ior seu ex'tima
seu alba  seu  can'dida  seu innomina'ta oc'uli,
Sclero'tis,  (¥.) Sclerotiqtie.  A hard, resisting,
opake  membrane, of a pearly  white  colour and
fibrous nature, which covers nearly the posterior
four-fifths ofthe globe ofthe eye, and has the form
of a sphere truncated before. It is strengthened by
the expansion of the muscles of the eye, to which
expansion  many anatomists have given the name
 Tu'nica  albugin'ea.   It forms the white ofi  the
eye, Albu'men seu Album oc'uli, Lon'chudes, Log'-
ades, Loeilades, Lett'cades.  The sclerotic is pene-
trated posteriorly  by a round  opening,  for the
passage  of the  optic nerve;  and, anteriorly, it
has a much larger opening, into which the trans-
parent cornea is received.  There are, besides,
 many small oblong apertures in it  for the passage
 of  nerves  and vessels, proceeding to the interior
 of  the eye.  Its inner surface is of a light brown
 colour, owing to a delicate areolar tissue contain-
 ing brown pigment cells; and hence called Mem-
 bra' na seu Lam'ina fiusca.  In  the  foetus,  the
 sclerotic may be separated  into two very distinct
 laminae.
   SCLEROTICA CERATOIDES, Cornea.
   SCLEROTICITIS, Sclerotitis.
   SCLEROTICONYX'IS, Scleronyx'is, Scleroto-
 nyx'is, from  sclerotica,  and vv^is, 'puncturing.'
 Perforation of the sclerotica in the operation for
 cataract bv depression.
   SCLEROTICUS, Indurans.
   SCLER0 TIQ UE,  Sclerotic.
   SCLEKOTIS, Sclerotic
   SCLEROTITIS. Infiamma'tio Sclerolica,Leu-
 ci'tis, Lonchadltis, Logadltis, Sclerltis, Sclero-
 eiti'tis,  Rheumat'ic ojththal'mia, Ophthalmia ar-
 thrilica,  from  sclerotica,  and itis, denoting in-
 flammation.  Inflammation of the sclerotic coat
 of the eye.
    SCLEROTIUM CLAVUS, see  Ergot,
    SCLERUNTICUS, Indurans.
    SCLERUS. Induration,  Scirrhus.
    SCLERYNTICUS. Indurans.
    SCLERYS'MA, from csXnpos, 'hard.'  Indura-
 tion : also, induration of the liver.
    SCLERYSMUS. Scleriasis.
    SCLIRUS. Scirrhus.
    SCLOPETA'RIUS, from  sclopetum, 'a gun.'
 Relating  to a gun.  Hence, Aqua sclopeta'ria, a
 water for gunshot wounds.  Un/'»ie?-a sclopeta'ria,
 gunshot wounds, Ac
    SCLOPETOPLAGiE, Wounds, gunshot.
    SCOBS, Prisma, Xysma, Ramen'tum, Rasu'ra.
 A shaving; also, an alkali; and the scoria of any
 metal.
    SCtENANTIIUM. Juncus odoratus.
    SC0LECES1S.  Helminthiasis.
    SCOLECIASIS, Helminthiasis.
    SCOLEX, Ascaris lumbricoides.
    SCOLIOMA, Scoliosis.
    SCOLIO'SIS, Scolio'ma, Skolio'sis, Rhachio-
 seolio'ma, from oko\ios, ' crooked.'  A distortion
  of the spine  to one side.  See Hump.
    SCOLOPENDRA, Asplenium scolopendrium.
    SCOLOPENDRIA, Asplenium ceterach,  and
 A. scolopendrium.
    SCOLOPENDRIUM   LINGUA,  Asplenium
  scolopendrium —s. Officinarum,  Asplenium  sco-
 ! lopendrium —s. Phyllitis, Asplenium scolopen-
 drium—s. Ruta muraria, Asplenium ruta muraria
 — s.  Vulgare, Asplenium scolopendrium.
    SCOLOPOMACH.JE'RION, from cKoU-a\,  'the
 : woodcock,' and paxatpa, 'a knife;' so called be-
ji cause it  is  bent a little at the extremity  like a
 | woodcock's bill. A sort of blunt-pointed bistoury.
1, — Scultetus. 
SCOLYMUS  SATIVUS        828
SCROPIIUL.E
  SCOLYMUS SATIVUS, Cynara scolymus.
  SCOOP,  Teut.  Schoepe,  Cochlea're,  (¥.)
Curette.  A surgical instrument of tbe shape of
a spoon, which is used for the extraction of cer-
tain foreign bodies.   The scoop is often employed
to extract balls impacted in the soft parts; to re-
move calculi from the urinary bladder in  lithoto-
my,  Ac.   A small  scoop is  sometiraes used  to
extract foreign bodies from the meatus auditorius
externus, nasal fossae, Ac.
  SCOP. Head. Scalp.
  SCOPA REGIA, Ruscus.
  SCOPARIUS, see Spartium scoparium.
  SCOPE, aKoirn, Scopy,  Scop'ia, Scopos, from
tjKoirtot,  ' I look around.'   A common suffix  to
words meaning 'view, inspection,' as eramoscopy,
stelhoscopi/, Ac.
  SCOPOLINA  ATROPOIDES,  Hyoscyamus
scopolia.
  SCOPTULA, Scopula.
  SCOPULA, Brush.
  SCOR.  Excrement.
  SCORACRATI'A, Scoracrclsia, Scatacra'sia,
S'-atiicratla, Copracrati'a, Copracra'sia,  Inconti-
nen'tia Alvi, from oKotp, ' excrement,'and  aKparm,
' want of  control.'  Want  of power to retain the
faeces.  Involuntary evacuation ofthe faeces.
  SCO It BUT, Porphyra nautica, Purpura hae-
morrhagiea—s. des Alpes, Pellagra — s. de Terre,
Purpura haemorrhagiea.
  SCORBU'TIC, Scorbilticus, (¥.)  Scorbutique,
From scorbiltus, 'scurvy.'   That which belongs to
scurvy.  One  affected with scurvy.
  SCORBUTUS, Purpura—s. Alpinus, Pellagra
—s. Nauticus, Porphyra  nautica—s. Oris, Cancer
aquaticus.
  SCORDINEMA, Carebaria, Pandiculation.
  SCORDINISMUS, Carebaria, Pandiculation.
  SCORDIUM. Teucrium scordium.
  SCORDON. Allium.
  SCORDOSMINE, Oxyd, cystic.
  SOORITH. Sulphur.
  SCORIUM.  Scrotum.
  SCORODON, Allium.
  SOORPIODEXTS, frora  oKopmos, 'the scor-
pion,'and ii/fif, 'bite:' — more properly,  Scorpi-
ostig'ma : from aKopmos,  and ortypa, ' puncture.'
Tbe sting of the scorpion.
  SCOR'PION, Scor'pio, Scoryius, from aKopirioot,
' I enrage.'  A genus of insects  having  a sting
at the extremity of their  tail, with which  they
make dangerous wounds.  An Oil  of Scorpion
was once made from them, which  is not now used.
  SOORPIOSTIGMA, Scorpiodexis.
  SCORPIUS, Scorpion.
  SCORTUM. Scrotum.
  SCORZONE'RA,  S.  hn'milis  seu lana'ta seu
nervo'sa. Escorzone'ra, from  scurzo,  old  Spanish
for a viper,  Vijtera'ria, Serpenta'ria Hisjtan'ica,
 Ofi'c"inal viper's grass,   Vijter's grass, Goat's
grass.  Family, Cichoraceae.  Sex. Syst. Synge-
nesia Polyiramia.  The  roots have been used as
alexipharmics, and in hypochondriacal disorders
and obstructions of the viscera.   The root ofthe
 Scorzonera  Hispan'ica  is  esculent,  but  ineffica-
cious as a drug.
  SCOTAS'MA,  Scoto'ma,  Scoto'dia, Scoto'sis,
 Scotos; from hkotos, 'darkness.'   Ob'scurity of
 vision, darkness, Suffu'sio ra'dians.  Also  Sco-
to linia.
  SCOTCH FIDDLE, Psora.
  SCOTODIA. Scotasmn, Scotodinia.
  SOOTODIN'IA, Scoto'ma, Di mis Scoto'ma, Scn-
todlne, Tenebrico'sa vertigo, Scotos, Scotas'ma,
Scoto'sis,  Scot'omy, from okotos,  'darkness,'  and
Sivtur, ' I turn  round.'  Giddiness, with impaired
6ight, often  succeeded by headach.  See  Vertigo.
  SCOTOMA, Scotasma. Scotodinia.
  SCOTOMY, Scotodinia.
  SCOTOS, Scotasma, Scotodinia.
  SCOTOSIS, Scotodinia.
  SCOTT'S  ACID  BATII,  Nitro-muriatic acid
bath.  A bath of dilute aqua regia, employed by
Dr. Scott, of  India, as a  remedy in hepatic  dis-
eases.  Three pints by measure of muriatic acid,
and two  of  nitric acid, are mixed to  form tho
aqua regia.   In  preparing this for use, a pint of
it is mixed  with  an  equal quantity of  water.
The acid  bath  consists of  three ounces of  this
dilute acid to every gallon of water.
  SCOUR, Diarrhoea.
  SCOURINO, Diarrhoea.
  SCRAT, Hermaphrodite, Psora.
  SCRATCH, Psora.
  SCREATUS, Excreation.
  SCRIPLU.M, Scruple.
  SCRIPTIUM, Scruple.
  SCRIPTULUM, Scruple.
  SCRIPULUM, Scruple.
  SCRIPULUS, Scruple.
  SCRIVENER'S CRAMP, Cramp, writers'.
  SCROBIC'ULUS, Scrobic'ulum, (¥.)  Fossette.
A  little ditch or furrow; diminutive of scrubs,
' a ditch.'
  SCROBIC'ULUS CORDIS,  Anticar'dium,  Procar'-
dium, (¥.) Fossette du coeur, Avant-coeur, Anti-
eoeur.  The pit of the stomach.  The depression
at the anterior part of the  abdomen, below the
xiphoid cartilage.
  Scrobiculus Variola, Pockmark.
  SCROFF^E, Scrofula.
  SCROF'ULA, Scroph'ula, Scroph'ula;  from
scrofia, 'a sow ;' as Choeras is from xotP°s< *a nog>'
because swine were presumed  to be  subject to a
similar complaint.  Scrtijihido'sis, Morbus scroplnt-
lo'sus,  Vil'iuin scrophulo'sum,  CVicochym'iu seu
Cachex'ia seu  Dysera'sia  scrophulo'sn, Padu
troph'ia  glandulo'sa,  Struma,  Choeras,  Cairns,
Tabes Glandularis, Adeno'sis scrofu/o'sa, Seroffa,
King's evil,  The Evil, Quince, Cruels (Scottice),
(F.) Scrophnles, Scrofules,  Strumes,  Ecronelles,
Humeurs froides, Tubercules des glandes lymjrha-
tiqv.es, Mai du Roi.  A state of the system cha-
racterized by indolent, glandular tumours, chiefly
in  the neck;  suppurating slowly and imperfectly,
and healing with difficulty ; the disease ordinarily
occurring in  those of a  sanguine  temperament,
with thick upper lip,  Ac  The  tumours, after
suppuration,  degenerate  into  ulcers; which, in
process  of time, cicatrize,  leaving scars.   The
internal organs  are apt  to be attacked in those
disposed to  scrofula; hence they  are often the
subjects  of  phthisis and mesenteric affections.
Scrofula is hereditary;  and is  frequently excited
by  insufficient  or  improper regimen, and by a
close, confined air during the first years  of exist-
ence.   The best treatment is :—to strengthen tho
system by animal diet;  pure  air, and  exercise,
cold bathing, or sea-water bathing, Ac.
  Scrofula  Abdominalis Interna,  Physconia
strumosa.
  SCROFULAIRE,  Scrophularia nodosa — *.
Aquatique, Scrophularia aquatica.
  SCROFULARIA, Scrophularia.
  SCROFULES, Scrofula.
  SCROFULEUX, Scrofulous.
  SCROF'ULOUS, Scrophulo'sus, Scrophula'rius,
Strumous, Struma'sus, (¥.) Scrofiuleux, Strumeux.
Suffering from, or relating to, scrofula.
  SCROOBY-GRASS, Cochlearia officinalis.
  SCROOF,  Scarf.
  SCROG-LEGGED, Cnemoscoliosis.
  SCROPHULA, Scrofula—s. Mesenterica, Tabes
mesenterica — s. Moluccana, Framboesia.
   SCROPIIUL.E, Scrofula—s. Gonorrhoeae, Go-
norrhoea impura. 
SCROPHULARIA           829              SEBACEOUS
  SCROPHULA'RIA, from scrofula, against
which it has been employed.  S. Nodosa.
  Si KOCIIULA'RIV  Aqcat'icA,  Bet,alien aqual-
ica,  Field,,, Ferra'ria,  Castrau'gutti,  Greater
 Water Figwort,  Water  Bet'ony, (¥.) Scrofulaire
tiqnatiqne.   Ord. Scrophulariaceic.  The  leaves
are  celebrated  as  correctors of the bad flavour
of senna.   They were at one time regarded  as
eminently antiscrofulous,  stomachic, and  carmi-
native.
  Scrophularia Fcetida,  Scrophularia nodosa
— s. Lanceolata, S. Nodosa —s. Marilandica,  S.
Nodosa—s. Minor, Ranunculus ficaria.
  Scuophula'ria Nodosa, S. fw'tida seu vulga'-
ris sen lauceoltlta  seu  Murilan'dica, Millernor'-
bia, Scrophula'ria, Figwort, Kennclwort, Holmes-
weed, Heal-all, (¥.) Scrofulaire, Herbe aux icrou-
elles.  The root and leaves of this plant  have
been celebrated, both as an internal and external
remedy, against inflammations, piles,  scrofulous
tumours, ulcers, Ac.
   Scrophularia Vulgaris, Scrophularia nodosa.
   SCROPHULARIUS, Scrofulous.
   SCROPHULES,  Scrofula — s. Misentiriques,
Tabes mesenterica.
   SCROPHULOSIS, Scrofula.
   SCROPHULOSUS, Scrofulous.
   SCROTAL, Scrota'lis ;  from scrotum. Relating
to  the  scrotum,—as Hernia  scrota'lis,  scrotal
hernia.
   Scrotal Nerve, see Genito-crural Nerve.
   SCROTOCE'LE,  Oscheocele,  Oschocele.  A
hybrid term; from (L.) scrotum, and Kn\n, 'a tu-
mour.'  Hernia  Scrota'lis, Scrotal her'nia.  In-
guinal hernia, descending into the scrotum.
   SCROTUM, from  scorteus, scorteum, 'made  of
leather' [?].  Sco'riuin,  Osclte,  Os'cheus, Os'chus,
 Oscus, Os'eheon, Och'etts, Perin, Scortuni, Marsu'-
 jrr'nm. Bur'aula, Bursa tcs'tium seu viri'lis, Cajt'-
 ulus [?], Orchas, Follic'ulus genita'lis, Her'nia, the
 Purse, the Cod, (¥.) Les bourses.  The integu-
ments which  cover the testes.  These are nothing
 more than a prolongation of the skin of the inner
part of the thighs, perinaeum, and  penis.  The
 skin is remarkable for  its hrown colour,  for the
numerous rugae, especially when the scrotum is
contracted; for the great number of  sebaceous
follicles  it contains; and for the long and few
hairs which issue from it in the adult.  The  scro-
 tum is divided into two equal parts by a raphe,
which extends  from  the  anus  to the root of the
penis.  Its organization is similar to that of the
skin of other parts of the body, except that the
chorion is thinner.
   Scrotum Cordis, Pericardium — s. Pendulum,
 Rhachosis.
   SCRUBIE, Purpura nautica.
   SCRUBIE-GRASS, Cochlearia officinalis.
   SCRUPLE,  Diob'olou,  Gramma'riuin,  Scru'-
 pulus,  Scrilpulum,  Scrijt'tiil.us,   Scrip'tulurn,
Scrip'tium, Scrip'ulum,  Scrip/uni, Scrip'ulus.  A
weight  of twenty  grains,  Troy;  twenty-four
grains, Poids de marc
   SC UDAMORE'S  MIXTURE, see  Mixture,
Scudamore's.
  SCULL, Cranium — s. Cap, Calvaria.
  SCURF, Sax. rcupF,  Tent. Schorft; (Prov.)
Scroofi, Fur'fura.  Small  exfoliations of tho cu-
ticle are so called.
  SCURFY, Furfuraceous.
  SCURVY OF  THE ALPS, Pellagra—s. Land,
Purpura hemorrhagica — s. Petechial, Purpura
simplex — s. Sea, Porphyra nautica,
  SCURVY  GRASS, Sisyrinchium  Bermudia-
num— s. Grass, common,  Cochlearia officinalis—
s. Grass, lemon, Cochlearia officinalis — s.  Grass,
wild. Cochlearia coronopus.
  SCUTELLA, Cup.
  SCUTELLARIA CAROLINIANA, S. integri-
folia,
  Scutellaria  Galericula'ta, from scutella,
'a  cup,' in allusion  to  the form of the calyx.
Cass'ida galaricula'ta, Tertiana'ria, Skull-cap,
(¥.) Casside bleue, Toque.   Ord. Labiat83.   Sex.
Syst. Didynamia Angiospermia.   This plant has
a bitter taste  and a garlic smell.  It has  been
esteemed especially serviceable in tertian ague.
  Scutellaria Hyssopifolia, S. integrifolia,
  Scutellaria  Integrifo'lia,  S. hyssopifo'lla
seu Carolinia'na,—another indigenous variety,—
is an intense bitter.
  Scutellaria Lateriflo'ra,  Skull-cap, Mad-
dog skullcap,  Madweed, Hoodwort, Blue Pimjt'-
ernel.  An indigenous plant, which  grows in all
parts of the United States in moist  places.  It
was at one time esteemed a preventive of hydro-
phobia, but is probably possessed of little virtue
of any kind.  By some,  however, it is regarded
as a good nervine.
  SCUTICULA  DIGITORUM  MANUS, Pha-
langes of the  fingers.
  SC UTTER, Diarrhoea.
  SCUTUL^E DIGITORUM   MANUS,  Pha-
langes of the fingers.
  SCUTUM, Thyroid  cartilage — s. Cordis, Sca-
pula, Sternum — s. Genu, Patella — s. Pectoris,
Sternum, Thorax.
  Scutum  Stomacii'icum.   A large  plaster, ap-
plied to the breast or stomach.
  Scutum Thoracis, Scapula.
  SCYB'ALA, plural of oKv(3a\ov, 'dung.'  Ente-
rol'ithus Scyb'alum, Excrementa Alvi siccio'ra,
Faces indura'ta.  Hard fecal matters discharged
in round lumps.
  SCYLLA, Scilla.
  SCYPHOPHORUS   PYXIDATUS,  Lichen
pyxidatus.
  SCYPHUS  AUDITORIUS, Infundibulum  of
the  cochlea — s.  Cerebri,  Infundibulum of  the
brain— s. Vieussenii, Infundibulum of tbe cochlea
  SCYROS, Callosity.
  SCYTALIDES DIGITORUM MANUS, Pha-
langes of the fingers.
  SCYTHTCA, (RADIX,) Glycyrrhiza,
  SCYTHROPAS.MUS, from oKvdpos, 'gloomy;'
OKudponra^itv, ' to look gloomy ;'  Vultits telricus et
mcestus.  A gloomy, depressed  countenance,  of
bad augury in serious diseases
  SCYTITIS, Cvtitis.
  SCYTODEPSIUM, Tannin.
  SEA  AIR.  The air in  the neighbourhood of
the sea contains saline  particles commingled with
it, which render it a valuable change for scrofu-
lous and  debilitated  individuals.  The sea and
sea-coast are usually, also, more equable in their
temperature than places inland.
  SEA  SICKNESS, Nausea marina,
  SEA-WARE, see Pila marina — S. Water, see
Water, sea.
  SEAL.  GOLDEN, Hydrastis  Canadensis —s.
Solomon's, Convallaria polygonatum — s.  Solo-
mon's, great, Convallaria  canaliculata — s. Solo-
mon's, smaller, Convallaria pubescens.
  SEAM, Cicatrix.
  SEARCHER, Body  searcher.
  SEARCHING, Sounding; from (F.) ehercher,
'to  seek.'   The operation of ascertaining, by the
introduction of a metallic  instrument, whether
there is  a stone in the bladder.
  SEASONING,  Acclimation—s. Fever, Fever,
stranger's.
  SEAT, Anus — s. Bone, Ischion.
  SEBACE, Sebaceous.
  SEBA'CEOUS, Scba'ceus, (¥.) Sibaci;  from
sebum, 'suet.'   That which has the  nature of
suet. 
SEBASTOMANIA           830               SEDIMENT
  Sebaceous Flux, Stearrhcea.
  Sebaceous,   Sebip'auous   or   Scbif'erous
Glands, Sebaceous Follicles or Crypts, Follic'uli
seba'cei, Crypta seba'cea, Oil or Miliary glands,
are small hollow organs, of a rounded or pyriform
shape, seated in  the substance of the skin, and
opening on its surfaoe by a small, excretory duct;
furnishing a yellow, unctuous  humour, Smegma
ciita'neuni, Sebum cuta'neiim. having some analogy
with suet, which is destined to lubricate the sur-
face of the  body.  Follicles of a  similar nature
exist around the corona glandis of the male, and
under the skin of the labia majora and nymphae
of the female.   They secrete a  sebaceous matter,
which emits a peculiar odour;  and hence, after
the name of those who described them, have been
called Gland'ula odorif'era  Tyso'ni, G. Tyso'ni,
 Glandula Littria'na seu Littrii,  Tyson's glands,
(¥.) Glandes de Littre; and, also, Glandula odo-
rif'era  seu  sebacea glandis,  G.  cor'ona  penis,
Follic'uli seba'cei corona glandis,  Glandula odo-
rif'era prapn'tii.
   SEBASTOMA'NIA, from otj3aoros, 'worship-
ped,' and mania.  Religious insanity, Demono-
mania.
   SEBESTE'NA, Cordia myxa seu sebeste'na seu
Africa'na seu domes'tica seu obli'qua, Sebeste'na
 officina'lis, Seb'esten, Sebsten, Myxa, Cornus san-
 guin'ea, Prunus sebestina, Smooth-leaved Cor'-
 ilia, Assyr'ian plum, (F.) Sebestier myxa.   Ord.
 Cordiaceae.  The dark, black  fruit of the Sebes-
 tina  possesses  glutinous and  aperient qualities,
 nnd is  exhibited, in decoction, in various diseases
 of the  chest.
   SEBESTIER MYXA, Sebestena.
   SEBIFEROUS,  see Sebaceous.
   SEMPAROUS, see Sebaceous.
   SEBORRHAGIA, Stearrhcea.
   SEBORRIKEA, Stearrhcea.
   SEBSTEN, Sebestina.
   SEBUM, Pinguedo, Sevum—s. Cutaneum, see
 Sebaceous  glands — s. Palpebrale,  Chassie — s.
 Prueputiale, Smegma praeputii.
   SECA'LE, S. cerea'le. seu barba'tnm. The Rye
 jtlant.  (¥.)  Seigle.   Ord. Gramineae.   Rye  is
 chiefly used as an article of diet, particularly in
 the northern parts of Europe, where a spirit  is
 also extracted from it.   The grain is disposed to
 acescency: and hence its  internal use  at first
 generally produces a laxative effect.
   Secale Barbatum, Secale — s. Cornutum, Er-
 got—s. Luxurians, Ergot—s. Maternum turgidum
 seu temulentum, Ergot.
   SECALIS  MATER, Ergot.
   SECATEUR DES AMYGD ALES, Amygda-
 latome.
   SECERNENT,  Secreting.
   SECERNING, Secreting—s. Substance of the
 kidney, see Kidney.
   SECESSIO FiECUM, Defecation.
   SECESSUS NIGER, Mehena.
   SECHE, Sepia.
   SECLUSORIUM, Sac.
   SECONDARY, from  secundus, 'the second.'
 Something that acts subordinately to another;
 as tbe secondary symptoms of  a disease;  that is,
 those  which  supervene on the primary.  A se-
 condary amputation is  one  performed after the
 constitutional effects  of an injury have  mainly
 passed away.  See Fever,  secondary; and Hae-
 morrhagia, for Secondary Hemorrhage.
   SECONDINES, Secundines.
   SECRETA.  Same etymon as Secretion.  Things
 or matters secreted or separated from the blood.
   SECRE'TING,  Secreto'rius,  Secer'ning,  Se'-
 cern'ent, Excer'nent,  (¥.)  Sicriteur, Sicritoire.
 Same  etymon as Secretion.  That which secretes,
 — as a secreting organ.
  SECRETIO, Secretion— s. Lactis, Galactosis—
s. Lotii, Uropoesis — s.  Urina), Uropoesis — s. Vi-
caria, see Vicarious.
  SECRE'TION, Secre'tio, Apoc'risis; from  »-■-
cernere, secreturn, 'to separate.'  An organic func-
tion, which is  chiefly executed in the glands, and
consists in an  elaboration  or separation  of the
materials of the blood, at the very extremities of
the arterial system, or rather of the vascular se-
cretory system ; and which differs in each organ
according to its particular structure; hence the
formation of different fluids;—bile,  saliva, urine,
milk, Ac.   The secretions are of three kinds: —
exhalant, follicular,  and glandular.   Simple  se-
cretions are those which  exist ready-formed in
the blood, and pass out of tbe  vessels by an act
of exosmose.  whilst the  more complicated aro
formed from the liquor sanguinis  by cell-agency.
The latter, alone, are, by some, called Secretions,
   SECRETOIRE, Secreting.
   SECRETORIUS,  Secreting.
   SECT, METHODICAL, Methodists.
   SEC'TIO, Section.   The act of cutting.  A di-
vision.
   Sr.cno  Alta, see Lithotomy — s. Anatomica,
Dissection — s. Cadaveris, Autopsia cadaverica—
s. Cadaveris legalis, Autopsia cadaverica—s. Cse-
sarea,  Caesarean  section — s.  Frnnconiana,  see
Lithotomy — s. Hypognstriea, see Lithotomy — s.
Lateralis, see Lithotomy—-s. Legalis, Autopsia
cadaverica legalis—s. Mariana, see  Lithotomy—
s. Nympharum,  Nyrnphotomy — s.  Perinacalis,
Perineal section—s. Rectovesical, see Lithotomy
— s. Renalis,  Nephrotomy — s. Tendinum, Teno-
tomy— s. Vagino-vesicalis, Colpocystotomia — s.
Vesicalis, Lithotomy.
   SECTION, Sectio — s.  Sigaultian,  Symphyse-
otomy.
   SECUNDiE, Secundines.
   SECUNDINJE, Secundines.
   SECUNDINES. Hys'tera, Deutcr'ion,  Metra,
Secun'da,  Sccundi'na, After-birth,  (¥.) Arriire-
fiaix, Secondines, Dilivre, from secundore. (secun-
dus, 'second,') 'to follow.'   All that remains in
the uterus after the  birth of  the child,—viz., the
placenta, a portion of the umbilical cord, and the
membranes of the ovum.  These are commonly
not expelled till some time after the birth of the
foetus ; hence their name.  See Dilivrance.
   SECUNDUS PROPRIORUM  AURICULAE,
 Retrahens auris.
   SEDANTIA, Sedatives.
   SED'ATIVES,  Sedati'i-a,  Pauon'ta, Scdan'tia,
 Adec'ta,  Catastaltica, Dejtrimen'tia, (F.) Sedu-
 tifis, Calmants, Tempirants, from sedare, sedrttnm,
 ' to settle or assuage.'   Medicines which directly
 depress the  vital forces, and  which are conse-
 quently employed whenever it  is  necessary to
 diminish preternaturally increased action.  The
 chief reputed  sedatives  are: Acidum Hydroeya-
 nicum, Acidum  Hydro-sulphuricum, Tabacum,
 Missio Sanguinis,  and certain gases by inhalation,
 as azote, carbonic acid [?],  carburetted and  sul-
 phuretted hydrogen.
   SEDEM ATTOLLENS, Levator ani.
   SEDES, Anus, Excrement — s.  Cruentae,  Dy-
 sentery, Haematochezia—s.  Lactescentes, Coeliac
 flux—s. Procidua, Proctocele.
   SEDHEE, Bangue.
   SEDTMENT, Sedirnen'tum, Lemma, Residetl-
 tia. Same etymon.  (F.) Di/tdt. A deposit formed
 by the precipitation of some one or more of the
 substances held in solution or suspension by a
 liquid.  That which is  formed in  urine, at the
 time of cooling, has been called Hypos'lasis. Uy-
 poste'ma, Residen'lia, Subsiden'tia, (¥.) De/>6t de
 I'urine.  This sediment or deposit varies in dif-
 ferent states  of the system.   In calculous affee- 
SEDIMENTUM
83
1                  SELTZ
tions, it is one of the most important objects of
attention.
  SEDIMENTUM, Sediment —s. Urinae lateri-
cium, see  Lateritious — s. Urinae pityroides, see
Furfiiraceous.
  SEDITIA, Nates.
  SEDLITZ,  MINERAL  WATERS OF, Seid-
litz water.  Springs in Bohemia, near  Prague,
which are  simple salines.  They contain sulphate
and  carbonate of magnesia, chiefly chloride  of
magnesium, sulphates of potassa, soda, and lime,
carbonic acid  and carbonate of lime.  They are
employed  as purgatives in a multitude of diseases.
  Artificial  Sedlitz Powders, in no  respect,
however, resembling the natural ingredients, are
formed of Soda et Potassa  tartras 5Jij, Soda car-
bon. Qij, in one paper; Acid tartaric, gr. xxxv,
in another.  For  half a pint of water.
  SEDON BRULANT,  Sedum — s.  Rejtrise,
Sedum telephium.  ""
   SEDUM, S. acre seu gfacia'le  seu minus seu
verrnicidtlie, from sedeo, ' I sit,' owing to its  at-
tachment  to  rocks and walls.   Illec"ebra,  Hel-
lec"elna,  Illec"ebrum, Vermicula're, Vermicula'-
ris, Piper mura'le, Semjrervlvum acre, Aelchry-
1,1,1,. Aio'nion, Wall jrejtjter, Jack of the Bnt'tery,
Pricket, Bird's bread,  Stone crop, Biting Stone
crop, Small Houseleek, (F.) Joubarbe dcre, Orjtin
brulant,  Vermiculaire brulante,  Sedan  brfilant.
Ord. Crassulaceic.  Sex. Syst.  Decandria Penta-
gynia.  In its recent state it  is very acrid, and
proves both emetic and cathartic.  Externally,
in the form of cataplasm, it produces vesications
and erosions.  It has been  recommended in can-
cerous and malignant ulcers.
   Sbdum,  Saxifraga granulata — s. Glaciale, Se-
dum — s.  Majus, Sempervivum tectorum — s. Mi-
nus, Sedum.
   Skdum Telk'phium, .V. telephdides, Faba crassa,
Cras'sula, G. Major, Illec"ebra major, Tele'phtum,
Faba'ria  cras'sula, Faba crassa, Anacamjr'seros,
A.  albicans seu trijrhylla  seu  vulga'ris, Orpine,
(F.)  Sidon reprise, Grand orjrin.  Five ipaisse,
Joubarbe  des vignes, Ac.   Formerly used  as a
cataplasm  in cuts, hemorrhoids, corns, whitlows,
&c.
   Sedum  Telephoides, S.  Telephium—s. Verini-
culare,  Sedum.
   SEED,  Sperm.
   SEGMENTA CARTILAGINEA, see Trachea.
   SEGMENTA'TION,  Segrnenta'tio, from  Lat.
segmentum, 'a segment,' itself from seco,  'to cut.'
The act of being  divided into segments  or por-
tions. (F.) Segmentation, Fractionnement, Sil/on-
nement.  A term  applied to  the division of the
vitellus or yolk into 'segments;' each containing
a transparent  vesicle, which maybe a descendant
ofthe primordial or germ cell.
   SEGNIT"IA,  Segnit"ies,  from segnis, 'slug-
gish.'  Sluggishness or torpor in the exercise of
a  function: — as Segnities Alvi, Torpor of the
bowels; Segnities Virium, Languor.
   SEGNITIES. Segnitia.
   SEGRAY, MINERAL WATERS OF.  Near
Pithiviers, in Gatinais, in the French department
nf Loiret,  there is a chalybeate  spring, which has
some reputation.
  SEGU,  Sago.
  SEIDLITZ. Sedlitz.
  SHIDSCIltlTZ,   SEYDSCHUTZ  or  SAID-
SCHUTZ, MINERAL WATERS  OF.  Bitter
springs, in the neighbourhood of those of Piillna
and  Sedlitz, in Bohemia, which contain chiefly
sulphate,  nitrate,  muriate,  and  carbonate  of
magnesia,  sulphates of potassa, soda, and lime;
carbonate   of  lime,  iron and  manganese.  The
water is an excellent cathartic, and is well known
in Europe.
   SEIGLE,  Secale — *. Coi-ihi, Ergot — *.  Cor-
 rornpu, Ergot — s. d Ejreron, Ergot—s. Ergotie,
 Ergot—s. Ergotisi, Ergot—s. Faux, Ergot.
   SEIX. Uterus, see Mamma,
   SETRIASIS,  Coup de Soldi.
   SEIZURES, HIDDEN, see Hidden seizures.
   SEKISKAYAVODKA, see Spirit.
   SEL, Salt—s. Admirable de Lemery, Magnesias
 sulphas—s. Admirable perli, Soda, phosphate of
 —s. Ammoniac,  Ammoniae murias—s. Arminiae,
 Ammoniae murias—s. Arsenical de Mucqner, Ar-
 seniate of protoxide  of potassium—s. de Cuisine,
 Soda, muriate of—*. de Dirosne, Narcotine — s.
 d'Egra,  Magnesiae sulphas—s.  de Lait,  Sugar of
 Milk — *. Marin, Soda, muriate of—s.  d'Opium,
 Narcotine — s. d' Oseille  Potassae  oxalas — s. de
 Saturne,   Plumbi superacetas — s. de  Verre, see
 Vitrum — g.  Volatil d'Angleterre, Ammoniae car-
 bonas.
   SELAGO,  Camphorosma Monspeliaca, Lyco-
 podium  selago.
   SELENE. Moon,  see Nail.
   SELENIASIS,  Somnambulism.
   SELENIASMUS, Somnambulism.
   SELENOBLETUS, Lunatic.
   SELENOGAMIA, Somnambulism.
   SELERY, Apium graveolens.
   SELF-ABUSE Masturbation.
   SELF-HEAL. Prunella.
   SELF-LIM'ITED.  An epithet applied to dis-
 eases which  appear to run a definite  course, but
 little modified  by  treatment, — small-pox, foi
 example.
   SELF-POLLTJTION, Masturbation.
   SELF BRA,  Semili'bra,  Sembella,  'half a
 pound.'   Six ounces, Troy ; eight Avoirdupois.
   SELINI'TES, ot\ivirns.   Wine impregnated
 with the  seeds of the at\ivov or smallage. — Dios-
 corides.
   SELINUM ANGELICA,  Angelica Sylvestris
 — s.  Galbanum, Bubon galbanum — s. Impera-
 toria, Imperatoria — s.  Lactescens, Peucedanum
 palustre  — s. Marsh, Peucedanum palustre — s.
 Opoponax, Pastinaca opoponax—s. Oreoselinum,
 Athamanta aureoselinum—s. Ostruthium, Impe-
 ratoria— s. Palustre, Peucedanum palustre — s.
 Pastinaca, Pastinaca sativa—s. Peucedanum, Peu-
 cedanum— s. Pubescens,  Angelica sylvestris—s.
 Sylvestre, Angelica sylvestris, Peucedanum palus-
 tre— s.  Thysselinum, Peucedanum palustre.
   SELLA, S. Turcica —s. Equina, S. Turcica —
 s. Familiarica, Lasanum—s. Obstetricia, Diphrus
 — s. Sphenoidalis, S. Turcica,
   Sella Tur'cica, Ephip'pium, Fossa  Pituita'-
 ria, Sella, S. equina seu sjrlienoirla'lis, Pitu'itary
 fossa, Turkish  Saddle,  (F.) Se/le Turcique  ou
 du  Turc.  A depression at  the upper surface of
 the sphenoid bone, which  is  bounded, anteriorly
 and posteriorly, by  the clinoid  processes,  and
 lodges the pituitary gland.   It is so called from
 its  resemblance  to a Turkish saddle.   The broad
 rough plate,  behind, and somewhat overhanging
 the Sella Turcica is the Dorsum Ephipptii.
   Sella Turcica, Pituitaria fossa,
   SELLE TURCIQUE, Sella Turcica — s. du,
 Turc, Sella Turcica.
   SELS NEUTRES, Neutral salts.
   SELTZ or SELTZER,  MINERAL  WATERS
 OF.  Cold, acidulous springs, the source of which
 is at  Seltz, nine leagues from  Strasburg, and in
 the Department of the Bas-Rhin.  They contain
 carbonates of lime, magnesia, and soda, chloride
 of sodium, and  much carbonic acid.   They are
 refrigerant, tonic, diuretic and aperient.
   Artificial Seltzer Water  may be made
 from muriat.  acid. gr. xxxv, water Oj, white mar-
 ble  gr. iij.  Stop  up till dissolved.  Add carbonate
 of Magnesia, gr. v, and, after some time, snbear-
i bonate of soda, gr. xxxij.  Close it till used. 
SEMBELLA                83
  SEMBELLA, Selibra.                        I
  SEMECARPUS  ANACARDIUM, Avicennia
tomentosa.
  SEMEIOG'RAPHYr, Semeiograjtllia,  Scmio-
graphy, Serniogra'jthia, Symplomatog'raphy, from
onptior, 'a symptom,' and ypatjrn, 'a  description.'
A description of symptoms or signs of disease.
  SEMEIOL'OGY,  Semeiot'iee,  Semiology, Se-
miot'tce, Phanomenolog"ia, from onpttov,  'a symp-
tom,' and Aoyof, 'a discourse.'  (F.)  Simiiotique.
The branch of pathology whose object is the doc-
trine of the symptoms or signs of disease.
  SEMEION, Sign — s. Boethematicum, Indica-
tion.
  SEMEIOSIS, Semeiology.
  SEMEIOTIQUE, Semeiology.
  SEMEN,  Sperm—s. Badian,  Illicium anisa-
tum—s. Cinae, see Artemisia  santonica—s.  Con-
tra,  see Artemisia santonica — s. Contra d'Alep,
Artemisia santonica—s. Contra vermes, Artemi-
sia  santonica—s. Masculinum seu virile  seu geni-
tale, Sperm—s. Muliebre, Sperm  (of the female)
— s. Sanctum, see Artemisia  santonica — s.  San-
tonici, see Artemisia  santonica—s. Zedoariae, see
Artemisia santonica,
  SEMENCE, Sperm.
  SEMENTTNA, Artemisia santonica.
  SEMI, frora 'r/ptov, 'half.'   Semi or demi, in
composition,  universally signifies ' half;' both in
French and English.
  SEMIAN'IMIS, Semimor"tuus, Sem'inex, Se-
mivi'vus; from  semi, 'half,'  and animus, 'soul.'
Half-living.  Half-dead.
  SEMI-BULB  OF  THE  FEMALE,  Bulbus
vestibuli.
  SEMICANALTCULUS, Sulcus.
  SEMICANALIS,  Sulcus.
  SEMICEPHALUS, Hemicephalus.
  SEMICIRCULI OSSEI, Semicircular canals.
  SEMICIRCULAR,Sem?V?>c»(V?-?'s. From semi,
and circulus, 'a circle.'  (F.)  Demicirculaire.
That which represents the half of a circle.
  Semicircular Canals, Cnna'les  seu  Ductui
eemicircultires seu  tubaform'es  seu  circula'res,
Semicir'culi  os'sei, Funes seu Canalic'uli semi-
annula'res labyriilthi, (F.)  Canaux demicircu- i
laires. are seated in  the pars petrosa of the  teni- I
poral bone, and open into the vestibule, behind
which they are situate.  They are three in num-
ber, of which one is superior or vertical, cana'lis
semicircula'ris vertica'lis supe'rior ; another/?(?*fe-
rior or oblique, cana'lis semicircula'ris vertica'lis
paste''rior, and  the  third exterior or horizontal, i
canatis semicircula'ris horizonta'lis.   Their pa-
rietes are formed of  a bony, compact, hard plate.
Their uses in audition are not known : at  their
termination they have the elliptical arrangements
called ampulla; and by both  extremities  they
open into the vestibule, in the sac at its superior j
part—the Sac'cuius Ellijt'ticns, Al'veus seu Utric'-
tilus seu Sinus commu'nis, Sinus  seu Alveus utri-
cttlo'sns,  Sacculus  vestibuli   or  Median  sinus,
 Utricle.   In  front of the S. ellipticus, nearer the
cochlea, and  opposite the foramen ovale, is the
Sac'cuius s/ihar'icus, or Sacculus.
  SEMICIRCULUSEXSCULPTUS, Hiatus dia-
phruginatis aorticus. -
  SEMICON'GIUS. Half a gallon, or four pints.
  SEMICU'BIUM,   Semicupium, Inses'sio, lu-
ces'sio, Encathis'inn, Excathis'ma, (¥.) Demibain,
from semi, and citbare, ' to lie  down.'  A  half-
bath, or such as receives only  the  hips or ex-
tremities.
  SEMICUPIUM. Bath, half, Semi-cubium.
  SEMI-FIBUL.EUS, PeronaMis brevis.
  SE.MI-INTEROSSEUS INDICIS,  Abductor
indicis.
  Simlinterosseus Pollicis, Opponens pollieis.
  SEMILIBRA, Selibra.
SEMINIFEROUS
  SEMILLA DELGUACIIARO.  Various kinds
of hard and dry fruits, found in the stomachs of
the young Guacharoes, a sort  of nocturnal bird.
The fruits  are a  celebrated  South  American
remedy in Ague.
  SEMILU'NAR,  Scmilnna'ds,  (¥.)  Demilu-
naire ou Semitiinaire, from semi, and lima, ' tho
moon.'  Having the shape of a half-moon.
  Semilunar Cart'ilagi:s, Semilunar fibro-car-
tilages,  Sigmoid  car'tilages, Cartilag"i'nes  sig-
moidea seu serniluna'res, are two fibro-cnrtilngcs,
which exist between the condyles of the os femo-
ris  and the articular surfaces of the tibia.   Tho
innermost.'which is longer from  before to behind
than transversely,  is  nearly semicircular.   Tho
outermost forms almost an entire  circle;  an ar-
rangement, in both cases,  corresponding  to the
different surfaces of the tibia.   Tbey are thicker
at their outer circumference,  which is convex,
than at  tbe  inner, which  is concave  and very
thin.  Both are inserted, before and behind,  into
the spine of the tibia,  by means of fibrous fasciae.
  Semilunar  Ganglion,—Ganglion abdomintlle
seu splancllnicttm  seu transver'sum seu  sola're,
67. surrinal, (Ch.),  belongs to the  great sympa-
thetic.   These ganglia present considerable va-
riety, and  are deeply situate in  the  abdomen,
above and behind the supra-renal capsules. They
correspond, posteriorly,  to the pillars of the  dia-
phragm and the aorta.  They have the shape of
a crescent  reversed,  often  surrounded by other
ganglia of a smaller size.   From their periphery
numerous filaments proceed, which go to the for-
mation of the solar plexus.
  Skmilunar Notch of the Sternum, Fourchette
— s. Valves, Sigmoid  valves.
  SEMILUNULA  UNGUIUM, see Nail.
  SEMLMAS, Eunuch.
  SEMIMASCULATUS. Eunuch.
  SEMI.MASCULUS, Eunuch.
  SEMIMEMBRANEOUS, Semimembranosus.
  SEMIMEMBRANO'SUS,   Semimembranous,
(F.) Ischio-jtapliti-fimoral,  Ischio-jropliti-tibial,
(Ch.) Demimembraueiix.  A muscle situate at the
posterior part  of the thigh.  It is fiat, thin, nar-
row, and aponeurotic  in its upper third ; broader
and  fleshy in the middle, and  tendinous below.
It is attached above to the tuberosity of the is-
chium ;  and below—by a tendon, which has three
divisions—to the outer condyle of the femur, and
to the  posterior and  inner part of the internal
tuberosity of the tibia.   This muscle is a rotator
inwards, and a flexor of the leg.   It can also bend
the thigh upon the leg.  In  standing it maintains
the pelvis in position, and can even draw it down-
wards.
  SEMIMORTUUS.'Semianimis.
  SEMINA CATAPUTLffi MAJORIS, see Rici-
nus communis.
  Se'mina Frig'ida Majo'ra.   The greater cold
seeds.  The ancients gave this name to tbe emul-
sive seeds of  the  cucumber, melon, gourd,  and
water-melon.
  Sem ina Frigid a Mino'ra. The lesser cold seeds.
The ancients gave this name to tbe seeds  of the
lettuce, purslane, endive, and cichory.
  Semina Ricini Vulgaris, see Ricinus commu-
nis.
  SEMINAL, Spermatic—s. Filaments, Sperma-
tozoa—s. Fluid, S,perm—s. Granules, see Granule.
  SEMINALE MEMBRUM, Penis.
  SEMINALIS, Spermatic.
  SEMINERVOSUS, Semi-tendinosus.
  SE.M10RBICULARIS, Orbicularis oris.
  SEM I PESTIS,  Typhus.
  SEM1NEX, Semianimis.
  SEMINIA  MORBORUM, Predisposition.
  SE.MINIF'EROUS,  from semen, seminis,
'sperm,' and fero,  'I carry.'   Spermatoph'orous, 
SEM IN I ST
8 3 3
SENEGAL
An epithet given to the vessels which secrete and
convey the seminal fluid.
  SEM IN 1ST, Animalculist.
  SEMIN I CM, Sperm.
  SEMI00RAP1IY, Semeiography.
  SEMIOLOGY,  Semeiology.
  SEM ION. Sign.
  SEMIOTICE,  Semeiotice—s. Faciei,  Physi-
ognomy.
  SEMTPLEGIA, Hemiplegia.
  SEM1SEXTUM. Heiniecton.
  SEMISICIL'ICUS.   A weight of one drachm
or three scruples. —Rhodius.
  SEMISIDERATIO, Hemiplegia.
  SEMISI DERATES, see Hemiplegia.
  SEMISO.MNIS, Coma.
  SEMISOl'lTUS, Coma.
  SEM1SOPORUS, Coma.
  SEMISPECULUM.  An  instrument used for
 dilating the incision made into  the neck  of the
 bladder in the operation of lithotomy.—Fabricius
 Iiildanus.
   SEMISPINA'LTS  COLLI, Semispina'tus seu
 transrei'so-xjtina'lis seu spina'lis seu transversa'-
 lis  colli,  Artie'ulo-spirollis,  Spinalis cervi'cia,
 Transversospinal, (F.) Dcmi-ipineux  ou  trans-
 versaire-ipineux du cou.  This muscle arises from
 the  transverse processes  of the  six uppermost
 dorsal vertebrae, by an equal number of distinct
 tendons,  which run obliquely  under the  com-
 plexus, and is inserted in the spinous  processes
 of all the cervical vertebrae, except the first and
 last.  Its action is. to extend the neck  obliquely
 backwards and to one side.
   Semispinalis  Dorsi, Semi-spinalis  externus,
 Transver'so-spinalis dorsi, Semispina'tus, (Rio-
 Ian),  Transversosjrinal,  (¥.) Demi-ipineux  du
 dos, Transversaire-ijrineux du dos.  This muscle
 arises from the transverse  processes of  the  se-
 venth, eighth, ninth, and tenth  dorsal  vertebrae,
 by  as many  distinct tendons,  which soon grow
 fleshy ; and  then again become tendinous, and
 are   inserted  into  the spinous  processes  of the
 sixth or seventh  uppermost dorsal, and two low-
 est  cervical vertebrae, by as  many tendons.   Its
 action is, to extend the spine obliquely backwards.
   Semispinalis Externus, Semi-spinalis dorsi—
 s. Internus,   Transversalis  dorsi — s.  Spinatus,
 Longissimus  dorsi, Semi-spinalis dorsi.
   SEM1SPINATUS COLLI, Semispinalis colli.
   SEMIS'SIS, Semis.  The  half of  a  pound,
 ounce, drachm, Ac.
   SEMITENDINO'SUS, Semi-nervo'sus, (¥.) Ts-
 chio-criti-tibial,  Ischio-pritibial,  (Ch.) Demiten-
 dineux, Deminerveux.   This muscle is  situate at
 (he  posterior part of the  thigh.   It extends
 obliquely, downwards and inwards, from  the  tu-
 berosity of the ischium — to which it is attached
 by  a flat tendon, common to it  and the biceps —
 as far as the posterior and inner part of the tibia,
 to which it is attached by means of another round
 tendon.  Its  fibres are commonly interrupted by
 an  aponeurosis.  Its uses are the same as those
 ofthe semimembranosus.
   SEMITERTIANA, HemitritaDa.
   SEMIUNCIA, Hemiuncion.
   SEMIVIR, Eunuch.
   SEMIVIVUS,  Semianimis.
   SEM'OLA, BULLOCK'S ;  a farinaceous  ar-
 ticle of  diet, which  is recommended  as  highly
 nutritious and easily digestible,  consequently well
 adapted for infants and invalids, is said to consist
 of the  gluten of wheat, with a small  proportion
 of starch.  Seinola and  Semolina resemble each
 other greatly. They appear, indeed, to be iden-
 tical.
   SEMOLI'NA,  Manna  croup.   This may be
 made by grinding wheat in an apparatus, sepa-
 rating the'flour from the  middlings, dressing  the
       53
latter four  different times in a bolting mill, and
silting through parchment sieves, until the pro-
duct is perfectly freed from bran.  In  Poland, it
is called Cracow groats.
  Semolina is generally imported into England
from the Baltic,  and in Russia is  said to be man-
ufactured  from  buckwheat.   It  has a granular
form like some  kinds of oatmeal, a  dingy white
colour,  a farinaceous,  somewhat insipid,  taste,
and is well adapted for the diet of children affect-
ed  with derangement  of  the  bowels.  A recent
analysis makes it consist  of the gluten of wheat
with a  certain proportion of the starch, part of
the latter having been  removed.
  SEMPERVIVUM ACRE, Sedum.
  Sempervivum Tecto'rum, S. majus seu tecto'-
rum ; from semper, 'always,' and vivo, 'I live.'
because always green, A?zoo?i, Beiahalaleu, Bttph-
thalmus,  Burba Jovis,   Agriosin'ara,  Andrei-
chahara, Chrysosper'mum, House-Leek, Sengrecn,
Eews,   Fonets, (Prov.)  Cyphel, Jupiter's  Beard,
(F.) Joubarbe des toits. The leaves  have a mild,
subacid austerity, and are often applied to bruises
and old ulcers.
  SEMUDA, Betula.
  SEMUNCIA, Hemiuncion.
  SENA, Cassia senna.
  SENE,  Cassia senna — s. d'Amidque, Cassia
Marilandica—«. Eaux, Colutea—s. Indigene, Co-
lutea—s. des Pris,  Gratiola officinalis.
  SENEBIERA CORONOPUS, Cochlearia co-
ronopus.
  SENECA OIL, Petroleum, (New YTork.)
   SENE'CIO, S. vulga'ris, from senex,  'an old
man,' in allusion to the grayish  down on many
species; Erig" erntn. Cor talon, Erigeron, Ground-
sel, Fireweed, (Sc.) Groundie Swallow, (¥.) Sene-
von commun.  Ord. Compositae.  Sex. Syst. Syn-
genesia Polygamia Superflua.  A common plant
in  Europe f frequently applied,  bruised,  to in-
flammations and ulcers, as refrigerant and  anti-
 scorbutic.
   Sene'cio Au'REUS, Golden  ragweed, Wild va-
 le'rian. Life root,  Squaw root ;  indigenous.  Is
 an excitant, diaphoretic, and diuretic. The dried
 plant is used in decoction ; —jjss to Oj of water.
   Senecio Hieracifolius, Erechthites hieraci-
 folius.
   Senecio Jacob^e'a, Jacoba'a, St. James's Wort,
 Ragwort,  (Sc.)  Bunwede,  Weebo,  (¥.) Jacobie.
 The leaves have a roughish, bitter, subacid, and
 extremely nauseous taste. A decoction has been
 used in dysentery.   A poultice of the leaves has
 been recommended in rheumatic affections;  and
 a decoction of the root has often been employed
 in  cases of wounds and bruises.
   SENECON  COMMUN, Senecio.
   SENECTA, Senectus.
    Senec'ta An'guium.   The east skin of  a ser-
 pent.   A decoction of it is said to cure deafness !
    Senecta Decrepita, Decrepitude — s. Extre-
 ma, Decrepitude — s. Summa, Decrepitude — s.
 Ultima, Decrepitude.
    SENECTUS, Senec'ta,  from senex,  'an old
 man ;'  Geras, Se'nium, ^Etas senilis seu provec'ta
 seu mala.  Old age, Senility, (¥.) Viellesse.   The
 last period of life, commencing, according to some.
 at  60 years of age,—according to M. Flourens at
 70,—but varying according to numerous circum-
 stances. It is characterized by progressive dimi-
 nution ofthe physical and moral faculties
    Senectus Ultima, Decrepitude.
    SENEGA, Polygala senega.
    SEN'EGAL, CUM, Gummi Senegalen'si seu
 Sen'eca seu Serlega seu Sen'ica.  The exudation
 from Aca'cia seu  Mimo'sa Senegal. — Ord. Le-
 guminosae.  Sex.  Syst.   Polygamia  Moncecia —
| which  grows in the country  of Africa through 
SENEGINE                884               SEPTJEMIA
which the river Senegal runs.   It is in loose or
single drops, much larger than gum Arabic, or
the gum which exudes from the cherry tree ;  and
is much more difficult of solution than the former.
   SENEGINE, see Polygala senega.
   SENEGRAIN, Trigonella foenum.
   SENEKA, Polygala senega.
   SENEVE, Sinapis.
   SENGREEN, Sempervivura tectorum.
   SENILE, Senilis, from senex, 'an old man.'
Relating  or belonging to old  age: — as 'senile
delirium ;' dotage.
   SENILITY, Senectus.
   SENNA, Cassia senna—s. Alexandrina, Cassia
senna—s. American, Cassia Marilandica—s. Blad-
der, Colutea arborescens—s. Essence of, prepared,
Selway's, see  Infusum sennae  compositum — s.
Germaniea, Colutea—s. Italica, Cassia  senna—s.
Prairie, Cassia chamaecrista—s. Wild, Cassia  cha-
 maecrista, Cassia Marilandica.
   SENS, Sense — s. Ginital, Appetite, venereal.
   SENSA'TION, Sensa'tio, from sentire, sensum,
 ' to feel;' ^Esthe'ma.  The consciousness or  cog-
 nisance by the brain of an impression caused by
 an external body on the organs ofthe senses.  (F.)
 Sentiment.   It  is not necessarily, however,  con-
 fined to bodies external to us;  for we can receive
 an  impression by touching any part of our  own
 body.  The body which  communicates the im-
 pressions needs but to be external to the part im-
 pressed.   Sensations are divided into external,
 internal, and morbid.  The external are commu-
 nicated by the  five  organs  of the  senses.  The
 internal are such as occur within the  body, and
 arise from  some alteration in the function of the
 part, for the time being.   Hunger and  thirst are
 internal  sensations, as well  as all  the natural
 wants.   Morbid sensations may be  either inter-
 nal or external.  Objee'tive sensations  are  pro-
 duced  by impressions on  the peripheral nerves ;
 as in vision, audition,  Ac. Subjec' tive sensations,
  are such as originate centrically, or in the ence-
 phalon,—as tinnitus aurium.
    SENSATIONAL, Sentient.
    SENSE, Sensus,  Sen'sio,  JEslhe'sis, (¥.) Sens.
  Same etymon as Sensation.  A faculty, possessed
  by animals, of appreciating impressions from ex-
  ternal objects.   The senses  are five in  number;
  sight, hearing, smell, taste, and touch.   Of these,
  the first two and the last administer more to the
  intellect;  and, hence, have been called by some,
  the intellectual senses ; the other two  seem more
  destined  for  the nutrition of the body :  and,
  hence, have been termed corporeal or nutritive
  senses.   Other senses have been  suggested — as
  the intense sensation experienced during the ve-
  nereal act; a sense of heat and cold ; a muscular
  sense, a  common sense or ccenaesthesis, Ac.
    Senses,  Nervous  System  of the, Medulla
  oblongata.
    SENSIBILITAS, Sensibility—s. Anomala. see
  Irritable — s. Aucta, see Irritable — s. Morbosa,
  see Irritable.
    SENSIBILTTY,  Sensibil'itas.  Same etymon
  as Sensation : ^Esthe'ma.  The faculty of receiv-
  ing and transmitting impressions, and having the
  consciousness of them.  It  thus includes three
  secondary properties,  impressibility, (¥.) impres-
  sionabiliti, transmissibility,  and perceptibility.
  Bichat defines  it as  the property possessed  by
  living bodies, of receiving impressions, whether
  the individual be conscious of them or not.  In
  the former case, where conscious, he calls the sen-
  sibility animal: in the latter,  where not, he terms
  it organic.  This last is common  to  vegetables
  and animals, and presides over nutrition, absorp-
  tion, exhalation, secretion, Ac.  The other does
not exist  in vegetables:  it is the origin of the
sensations—olfaction, vision, gustation, audition,
thirst, hunger, pain, Ac.   There are few parts of
the animal body, but what are sensible — if not
in health—in disease. The free extremities of the
hair and nails, and the epidermis, are not so. See
Insensibility.
   SENSIFEROUS, Sentient.
   SENSIO, Sense.
   SENSITORIUM, Sensorium.
   SENSORI-VOLIT'TONAL.  A term  applied
to nervous fibres which pass to and from the ce-
rebro-spinal axis, and are respectively  concerned
in sensation and volition.
   SENSO'RIAL, Sentient.
   Sensorial Power,  according to Dr. Wilson
Philip, is composed of the two functions of sen-
sation and  volition.  Dr. Darwin  included in  it
the power of muscular contraction ; but it ought
not to be extended  to acts in which there is not
consciousness.
   SENSO'RIUM, S. commu'ne, Or'ganon senso'-
rium  internum, Sensito'riiim, Einjio'rium sjtiri-
tuttm, JEsthete'rion, Sen'sory. Same etymon. Tbe
common centre  of sensations.
   SENSORY, Sensorium, Sentient.
   Sen'sory Gang'lia.  A  name  given  by Dr.
Carpenter to a series of ganglionic masses at the
base  ofthe  brain, which are in direct  communi-
cation with the nerves of sensation—as the oiy«c-
tory,  ojttic,  auditory, and gustatory.
   Sensory Nerves, Nerves of sensation, are  so
called in contradistinction to Motor nerves. There
are general sensory nerves — as those  connected
with  the posterior part ofthe spinal marrow, and
the fifth pair; and  sjtecial sensory, as those of the
senses.
   SENSUS JEGRITUDINIS, Indisposition —s.
Osmometricus, Olfaction—s. Perversus, Pseudaas-
thesia.
   SEN'TIENT, Sen'tiens, Sen'sory, Ide'dg"enons,
Senso'rial,  Sensa'tional, Sensif erous.   Same ety-
mon. Feeling, causing feeling.
   Sentient Extremities of Nerves are  their
minute terminations in the  organs.
   SENTINA, Pituitary gland.
   SENTIMENT, see Sensation.
   SEPARATO'RIUM,from separare,  separatum,
 'to separate.'   A surgical instrument, for sepa-
rating the pericranium from the skull.
   A  Sep'aratory,   Vitrum  Hypoclep'ticum, is a
pharmaceutical vessel for separating fluids of dif-
ferent densities from each other.
   SEPEDOGENESIS, Sepedonogenesis.
   SEPEDON. Putrefaction.                 ^
   SEPEDONODES, Putrid.
   SEPEDONOGEN'ESIS, Sepedogen'esis,  from
 at)T£otitv, ' putrescency,'and ytvtois, 'generation.'
 A septic disposition or tendency;  such as is met
 with in typhus  gravior.
   SEPES,  Sa'pes, 'a hedge,' 'a  row;' as Sejtes
 seu Se'ries seu Pecten den'tium :—a row of teeth.
   Sepes Dentium, see Sepes.
   SEPHIRUS, Scleriasis.
   SE'PIA, oriirta, S. officina'lis, Se'pium, Cuttle-
 Fish, (Sc.) Hose-Fish,  Slieve-Fish, (¥.) Siche.
 Class Cephalopoda.  The  osseous part of the
 cuttle-fish ; (F.) Os de Siche—Pracip'itans mttg'-
 num—has been used as an absorbent, and is often
 added to tooth-powders.
   SEPLASIA'RIUS. A name formerly given to
 one  who   sold perfumes, ointments,  Ac.   It is
 derived from Seplusin, the name of a public place
 at Capua,  where   such  preparations were fre-
 quently sold.   A druggist.
   SEPSICHYMIA, Septochymia.
   SEPSIS, Putrefaction.
1   SEPT.E'MIA; from annros, 'rotten,' and 'atpa, 
SEPTAL                 835            SERPENTARIA
'blood.'  A morbid condition  of the blood pro- '
duccd by septic or putrid matters.
  SEPTAL, Sejtta'lis,  from Septum.   Relating,
or appertaining  to, a septum : as  ' septal walls
of the  heart' — those that separate  the cavities
from each other.
  SEPTANA FEBRIS, Fever, septan.
  SEP'TENARY, Septena'rius, (¥.) Septinaire,
from  septem,  'seven.'   'Consisting of  seven.'
The septenary years ofthe old believers in criti-
cal periods were times at which, it was  supposed,
important changes might  be  expected to take
place.  The grand  climacteric was fixed  at  63,
and it was considered that if a person passed that
nge, he had  well-founded  expectations that  his
life might be  protracted to 90.
  SEPTENNIAD,  Climacteric, (years.)
  SEPTERIUS, Septic.
  SEPTFOIL, UPRIGHT, Tormentilla.
  SEPTIC,  Sejt'ticus,  Septus, Septerius, from
tm-itv,  'to rot,' aniTTos, 'rotten.' That which pro-
duces putrefaction.   A substance which corrodes
and disorganizes the soft parts without causing
much pain.
   Septic Poison, see Poison.
  SEPTICEMIA, Septaemia.
  SEPTIMESTRIS FCETUS,  see Foetus septi-
mestris.
  SEPTTNERVIA, Plantago.
  SEPTOCHYMTA, Sepsichym'ia;  from arrets,
'putrefaction,' and xvP°s>  'juice.'   Putrefaction
or putrescency of the humours.
  SEPTON, Azote.
  SEPTOPYRA, Typhus gravior.
  SEPT'ULUM; diminutive of sejttum. A divi-
sion between small spaces or cavities  — as the
septula or fibrous cords given off by the medias-
tinum testis to be inserted into the inner surface
of the tunica  albuginea.
  SEPTUM,  (F.)  Cloison, 'a partition,' from
scpio, septum, ' I fence  in.'  A part destined to
separate  two  cavities from each other, or to  di-
vide a principal  cavity into several  secondary
cavities.
  These  septa are numerous in the human body.
The chief are the following:—
  Septum  Atrio'rum,  S.  Auricula'mm.  The
septum or partition between the auricles of the
heart.
  Septum Auricularum, S. Atriorum — s. Cere-
belli, Falx cerebelli—s. Cerebri, Falx cerebri—s.
Cochleae  auditoriae, Lamina spiralis.
  Septum Cordis, Septum me'diuni cordis.  The
partition  which  separates the two ventricles of
<fle heart.
  Septum Encephali, Tentorium.
  Septum Lu'cidum seu pellu'cidum seu ferine et
jtellncidum seu  me'dium, Spec'ulum, S. fucidiim,
Lapis specula'ris, Mediastinum seu Diaphragma
ventriculo'rum, latera'lium  cer'ebri, (¥.) Sejttum
midian (Ch.), Cloison  transparente.   The soft
portion or medullary substance, which  separates
the two lateral ventricles of the brain from each
other.  This septum is composed of two laminae  ;
between  which a small cavity exists, filled by a
serous fluid, ventric'ulus septi pellu'cidi, see Ven-
tricles  of the Brain.  The brothers Wenzel  are
of opinion that this cavity is lined by a peculiar
membrane.
  SEPTUM  MEDIAN. S. lucidura—s. Midian
dn cervelet, Falx cerebelli—s. Medium cerebri, S. [
lucidum.
  Septum Na'rium, Tnterseptum seu Dissepimerl-
tum seu luterfi'nium seu Discrlmen  seu  Imbrex
seu Diajrhrag'ma na'rium, (¥.) Cloison des Fosses
uasa/es.  The partition between the nares.  It is
formed bv the vomer, the  perpendicular plate of
the ethmoid bone,  and a cartilage of a  trianrrular
chape.  These parts are  lined by the pituitary
membrane, which receives a considerable number
of nerves and vessels.
  Septum Nasi, see Nares.
  Septum Pakvum Occipitale, Falx cerebelli—
s. Pectiniforme, see Cavernous bodies —s. Pcllu-
cidura, S. Lucidum—s. Scnlw, Lamina spiralis—
s. Stajthylin, Velum pendulum palati — s. Tenue
et pellucidum, S.  lucidura —s. Thoracis, Medias-
tinum— s. Transverse, Tentorium — s. Transver-
sum,  Diaphragm—s. Vestibuli nervoso-membra-
naceum,  see Labyrinth.
  SEPTUS,  Septicus.
  SEPUM,  Sevum.
  SEQUES'TRUM, "the  depositing of  a  dis-
puted thing  in the hands of a  third person !"
The portion of bone, in necrosis,  which is dead,
and separated from  the living  bone;  acting,
whilst retained,  as an extraneous body.   Wrhen
the sequestrum  is superficial and  small, it  is
called Exfolia'tion.   The  portion of bone  sur-
rounding it is the Cajt'sula sequestra'lis.
  SERAPEUM, Syrup.
  SERAPINON,  Sagapenum.
  SERAPIUM, Syrup.
  SERBET, Sche'rbet.
  SfiREUN, Serous.
  SE'RICO-CARPUS TORTIFO'LIUS, Cony'za
hifolia'ta, Aster tortifo'lius;  indigenous;  Order,
Compositae :  is said to be diuretic.
  SERTCUM, Silk;  from Seres—the Thibetans
probably — from  whom  it  was  first  obtained.
(F.) Soie.  The  thread spun  by  the  Bombyx
Mori or Silkworm.  Silk is used  by surgeons for
ligatures, Ac.
  Sericum Anglicum, see Sparadrapum adheesi-
vum.
  SERIES  DENTIUM, see Sepes.
  SERIEUN, Serious.
  SERINGUE, Syringe.
  SERIOLA, Cichorium intybus.
  SE'RIOUS, Serins,  (¥.)  Sirieux,  Grave.   A
term  applied to  a disease, Dyspathla, Morbus
gravis, and  to a symptom  that is attended with
danger.
  SERTS, Cichorium intybus.
  SEP MOUNTAIN, Laserpitium album.
  SERO-COLITTS, see Colitis.
  SERO-CYSTIC. Sero-cyst'icus.  An epithet for
tumours  of  the female breast, which consist, in
the first stage, of one or more membranous cysts,
produced perhaps by dilatation of portions ofthe
Lactiferous tubes.
  SERO-HEPATITTS, see Hepatitis.
  SER'OLIN, from serum and olein.   A peculiar
fatty  matter detected  in  the blood  by Boudet,
Lecanu, Sanson, and others.
  SEROSITE, Serum.
  SEROSITY. Serum.
  SEROUS,  Sero'sus, (F.)  Sireux; from serum.
Thin;  watery.   Relating  to the most  watery
portion of  animal fluids, or  to membranes that
secrete them.  See Serum.
  Serous Layer, see Tache embryonnaire — s.
Membranes, Membranes, serous.
  SERPEDO, Psoriasis.
  SERPENT, Serpens.  Anguis, Ophis;  from
serpo. ' I  creep.'   A snake.
  Snake Broth was, at one time, recommended
as a restorative.
  Many serpents  are venomous: and the bites of
some fatal.  See Poisons, table of.
  SERPENTAIRE  NOIRE, Actwa racemosa
— s. Range, Po'ygonum bistorta.
  SERPENTARIA. Aristolochia serpentaria—s.
Gallorum,  Arum  drncuncu'us — s.  Hispanica,
Scorzonera—s. Minor. Arum maculatum—s. Ni-
gra, Actaea racemosa. 
SERPENTARIA           836               SESAMOID
  SERPENTARIA BRAZILIENSIS RADIX,
Caincae radix.
  SERPENTTN, see Alembic.
  SERPENTINE,  Ophites.
  SERPENTINUS, Ophites.
  SERPES.  Herpes.
  SERPIGINOUS, from serpere,  'to  creep.'
An epithet  given  to  certain  affections, which
creep, as it were, from one part to another,—' Ser-
piginous erysipelas,' (F.) E~rysipele serpigrneux.
  SERPIGO, Herpes circinatus, Lichen psoriasis.
  SERPILLUM, Thymus serpyllum.
  SERPOLET, Thymus serpyllum.
  SERPULLUM, Thymus serpyllum.
  SERPYLLUM, Thymus serpyllum —s. Citra-
tuin, sec Thymus serpyllum.
   SERRA. Saw — s. Amputatoria,  Saw,  amputa-
tion — s. Versatilis, Trepan.
   SERRAT'ULA AMA'RA, from serra, 'a saw,'
owing to its  serrated leaves.   Family, Cynaroce-
phaleae.  Sex. Syst. Syngenesia Polygamia aequa-
lis.  A species of Sawwort, recommended in ague.
   Serratula Behen, Centaurea behen.
   SERRATUS, Dentate—s.  Anticus Minor, Pec-
 toralis minor.
   Serra'tus Magnus.   So  called  from its ser-
 rated appearance; from serra, 'a saw.'  Serratus
 major anticus, S. major,(¥.) Costo-basiscapulaire,
 Ciistoscajtulttire (Ch.),  Grand  denteli.   A very
 broad (especially anteriorly), thin,flat,irregularly
 quadrilateral muscle, situate at the sides of the tho-
 rax.  It is attached, before, to the external surface
 of the first 8 or 9 ribs, by as many distinct digita-
 tions : and, behind, to the spinal edge of the scapula.
 The  superior fibres  are almost horizontal;  tbe
 lower become gradually more  and  more oblique
 upwards and backwards.  This  muscle  carries
 the scapula  forwards, and causes it to execute a
 movement of rotation, which directs its inferior
 angle forwards, and the'anterior upwards. When
 the shoulder is fixed, it raises tbe ribs.
    Serratus Major, Serratus magnus—s. Major
 anticus, Serratus magnus.
    Sicrratis Posti'cus  Inferior,  (F.)  Dorso-
 lombo-costal,  Lombo-costal  (Ch.),  Petit  denteli
  postirieur  et inferienr.   A broader and thinner
 muscle  than  the  following, but  nearly  of the
 same shape.  It is situate obliquely at the lower
 part of the  back;  and extends  from the spinous
 processes of the last two or three dorsal vertebrae,
 and  the first two or three lumbar,  to the inferior
 margin of the last four false  ribs.  This muscle
 depresses the ribs, and thus concurs in expiration.
 It is an antagonist to the next.
    Serratus Posti'cus Supe'rior,  (F.) Cervici-
  dorso-costal, Dorso-costal, (Ch.) Petit denteli su-
  pirieur.   A flat, thin, quadrilateral  muscle;
  situate obliquely at the posterior inferior part of
  the neck, and the superior part of the back.  It
  passes  from the  posterior cervical ligament, the
  spinous process  of the  last  cervical vertebra;
  from the spinous processes  of the first two or
  three  dorsal, to  the  second,  third, fourth, and
  fifth ribs ; into which it is  inserted by as many
  digitations.  It raises  the ribs,  and is, conse-
  quently,  an inspiratory muscle.
    SERRE-ARTERE, Presse-arth-e.
    SERRE-COU (¥.),  from serrer, 'to squeeze,'
  and con,  ' the neck.'  An instrument, invented by
  Chabert, for compressing  the  jugular  vein,  in
  bleeding from that vessel. It surrounds the neck
  like a collar, and, by means of a  pad, exerts  the
  necessary pressure.
    SERRE-FIXE. (¥.), from serrer,' to squeeze,'
  and fin. 'fine.'  A small spring forceps, invented
  by M.  Videl.  It is  formed of a wire of metal,
  turned in the middle into two spirals, one in front
  of the  other.  This constitutes the spring.  Each
  branch describes nearly the letter S; and one ex-
tremity forms  the  spiral, the other lays hold of
the parts to be united.
  SERRE-NIFUD(¥.), from serrer, 'to squeeze,'
and nveud, 'a knot.'  This  name has  been given
to various instruments, employed by the surgeon
for tightening a ligature passed round a pedicu-
lated  tumour, or any part which  has to be  de-
stroyed by ligature slowly and gradually.  Thus,
there  is the serre-noeud of Roderic, the constric-
teur of Ilerbinaux, the serre-noeud of Desault, le.
   SERRE NCEUD DE DESCHAMPS, Presse-
artere.
   SERTULA CAMPANA, Trifolium  melilotus.
   SERUM, Sperm.
   Serum, 'whey.'  Orrhos, Oros,  Seros'ity, (F.)
Sirositi.   The  most watery portion  of animal
fluids, exhaled  by serous  membranes.  It is  a
constituent part of blood, milk, Ac.
   Serum  of the Blood,  Ha'mydor,  Orrhos,
Serum seu Ichor san'guinis, (¥.) Sirttm du Sang,
is the liquid which separates from the blood, when
coagulated  at rest,  It is of a greenish-yellow
colour; viscid, slightly coagulable by heat, acids,
and alcohol.  It is composed of water; chloride
of sodium;  certain  phosphates;  and albumen,
constantly united to  soda, almost in a  sapona-
ceous combination.
   The fluid which exudes from the albumen of
the serum of the blood, when coagulated by heat,
is by some called seros'ity.
   SERUM DU SANG, S. of  the blood.
   Serum Lactis, Aqua Lactis;  Serum of Milk,
 Whey, (Prov.)  Whig. (¥.) Sirttm dn lait, Petit
 lait.  That part of milk from which the butter and
 caseous  matter  have been separated.  It  is a
 transparent,  citrine-coloured liquid,  containing
 sugar of milk,  mucilage, acetic acid, phosphate
 of lime, and some other  saline substances.   It
 is used as a slightly nutritious diluent nnd refri-
 gerant.   The French  have magistral formula',
 the basis  of  which is whey.   They are called
 Petits-lails, or ' wheys.'
   Serum  Lactis IIoffman'ni,  (F.)  Petit-lait
 d'Hoffmann,  is  a name given to the liquid re-
 sulting  from  treating with  boiling water milk
 which has been  evaporated to an  almost  solid
 consistence.  It is not much used.
   Rf^net Whey is made  thus: milk  2 pints;
 rennet ,^ss, infused in a little hot water; mix and
 keep  in  a gentle heat for some hours, then strain.
 —Gray.
   Serum Sanguinis, Serum of the blood.
   Serum  of Serous  Membranes,  Serum  mem-
 br-anartnn  serosa'rum,  Water  of Dropsy,  (¥.\
 Sirttm  des membranes sireuses, Eau des hydro-
 piques.   It resembles  the serum of the blood,—
 especially in cases of hydrocele.  The water  of
 hydrothorax and ascites contains much less al-
 bumen : — sometimes enough to coagulate on the
 application of heat: at others, not.
    SERVICE, MOUNTAIN, Sorbus  acuparia.
    Service Tree, Sorbus  domestica.
    SERVIETTE EN CARRE, Couvrechef.
    SESAME, Sesamura orientale.
    SES'AMOID,  SesamoVdes,  Sesamo'des,  Sesa-
  mo'ideus, from onoaprj, 'a grain of sesamutn,' and
  eioos, ' resemblance.'
    Sesamoid Bones, Ossa  seu Ossic'ttla sesamdi-
  dea,  are small bones, situate in the  substance of
  tendons,  near  certain joints.  Their number is
  various.  They are commonly more in  the  mule
  than female.  Two are constantly met with be-
  neath  the  metatarso-phalangal articulations of
  the  great toe.   Sometimes, the  articulations of
  other bones of the  metatarsus with the  pha-
  langes  of the  toes have  them likewise.  In  the
  hand,  there are two before the me.tacarpo-pha-
  langal  joint of the thumb.  At times, they  are 
S E S A M U M
837
SHAMROCK,  INDIAN
  mot with in the other metaearpo-phalangal arti-
  culations.   Occasionally, two  ex«t  behind  the
  condyles of the femur, in  the  tendons of  the
  giistrocnemu  muscles.  A  considerable os sesa-
  moideum is also met with  in  the  tendon of the
  peronaeus  longus.   These  bones are commonly
  round, and flattened only on one surface, which
  is  inerusted with  cartilage.  Their size is very
  variable, according to the  joints in  which they
  exist.   Traces of  sesamoid bones  are not  ob-
  served in infants :  in them, they are  replaced by
  small,  cartilaginous  concretions.   They  are  de-
  veloped by  a single point  of ossification: and
  are, like the  patella  (which is a true sesamoid
  bone,)  composed   of  much cellular  substance,
  covered by a thin layer of compact tissue.   The
  use of these bones  is,—to allow the tendon to be
  inserted into  the lever at a greater angle; and
  thus enable the power to act  more advanta-
  geously.
    Riolan has given the name Ossa sesamoidea to
  two bony points sometimes met with; —the one
  at the outer side of the carotid canal of the tem-
  poral  bone;  and  the other at the edge of the
  cavernous sinus, at the side of the internal  caro-
  tid artery.
    SESAMUM, see  Sesamum orientale.
    Ses'amiim Orienta'le, S. cdu'le seu oleif'crum
  sou In'dicum,  Benne, Oily  Grain, (¥.) Sisame,
  Jitf/eohne.  Ord. Bignoniaceae.  The seeds of this
  African plant are cultivated  in Georgia and South
  Carolina, where the negroes  use them with Indian
  corn as an article  of food.   They yield a larger
  proportion  of oil than any  other vegetable; one
  hundred weight  producing ninety pounds of oil,
  which  is, at least, equal to Florence oil.
    Bcnne oil, Oleum  Sea'ami, is used in the South-
  ern  States  as  a  laxative.   The  leaves — Sesami
  folia,  (Ph. U. S.)—afford, by infusion, an excel-
  lent mucilage.
   SESCUN'CIA, Sesquiun'cia, Hemiol'ion.   An
  ounce and a half.   See Sesqui.
   SESELI,  Laserpitium siler — s.  JEgopodium,
  Ligusticum podagraria —s.  Annuum,  S. tortuo-
  suni — s. Carum, Carum — s. Carvi, Carum — s.
  Creticum, Tordylium officinale — s.  Fceniculifo-
  liutn, Sison am mi—s. Graveolens, Apium  grave-
  olens—s. Meum, uEthusa meum — s. Patens,  S.
  tortuosum — s. Pratense, Peucedanum silaus — «.
  des Pris, Peucedanum  silaus.
   Ses'eli Tortuo'sum, & Massilien'se seu  an'-
  iiiiiiw?  seu  patens,  (Enan'the  stria'ta  riffi'ida,
  Ilurtwort of Marseilles. The seeds have a warm
  taste:  and  a greater degree of pungency than
  those of Laserpitium siler, which is the Seseli of
  the Pharmacopoeias.
   SESKLTS, Laserpitium siler, Seseli.
   SESQUI.  This word, joined  with any num-
 ber, weight, measure,  Ac,  signifies  one and a
 half: as sesqm't/ranttui,  'a grain and a half.'
   SESQUIUNCTA,  Sescuncia.
   SETA EQUI'NA,  'horse-hair.'   Hairworm,
 Helmin'llitts Gor'dii.   A kind of worm, found in
 stagnant water,  from  4 to  6 inches  long,  and
 twisted into various knots and  contortions; co-
 lour  pale-brown, with  dark  extremities.  It is
 common in the  intestines  of the  Laplanders;
 causing  the  Colica  Lajtporlica, in which  the
 gripings are, at. times, exceedingly severe.
   SETA'CEUM. Scto, Seton, from seta, 'a bristle.'
 A long  strip of fine linen or  cotton twist, passed
 through the skin and areolar membrane, to keep
 up au issue; or through  suppurating cavities,
 between the  fragments of  fractured bones, Ac,
 to fulfil  certain indications.   The term  is, also,
 applied  to the  issue so established.   The opera-
 tion  is simple.   It consists in laying hold of a
fold of skin, and passing a sefon-needle through
it, with  the thread attached.   Every dny a fresh
  portion  of the thread is drawn  through the sore.
  Setons are  established  in many  diseases;—in
  obstinate  ophthalmia,  cephalalgia;   epilepsy,
  thoracic and abdominal affections, Ac;  but they
  are not as much  used as formerly
    SETARIA ROCCELLA, Lichen roccella.
    SET! AST, see Furunculus.
    SET0, Setaceum.
    SETON, Setaceum.
    SETTERWORT, Helleborus foetidus.
    SEVADILLA, Veratrum sabadilla.
    SEVATIO, Steatoma.
    SEVE, Sap.
    SEVENBARK, Hydrangea arborescens.
    SEVRAGE, Weaning.
    SEVUM, Pinguedo.
    Sevum,  Sebum,  Sepum,  Stear, Adeps ovil'li,
  Sevum  verveci'num.   Suet,  mutton  suet;  Pin-
  guedo.
    Sevum Pr^para'tum, Sevum (Ph. U. S.),—
  Ovil'li  Sevum  Prajmra'tum,  Prepared  Suet,
  (¥.)  Graisse  de  Mouton,   Suifi, is formed  by
  cutting suet  in pieces; melting over a slow fire,
  and straining  through  linen.   It  is  emollient,
  and is  sometimes  boiled  in  milk (3jij to Oj),
  and is  used in  diarrhoea  and dysentery.  Its
  principal  employment  is  in  the "formation of
  plasters.
    Sevum Vervecinum, Sevum.
    SEX,  Sextts,  Genos,  Physis.   The physical
  difference between  male and female  in  animals
  and vegetables:—as the Male sex, Sexus po'tior
  seu  for'tior seu viri'lis; and  the Female sex,
  Sexns seq'ttior,  S. mulie'bris, Alter Sexus, 'The
  Sex.'
    SEXTANS, from sextus, 'the  sixth;' Sexta
  pars libra.   The sixth part of a pound.—Galen.
   SEXTA'RIUS.   Same, etymon.  An  ancient
 measure  for  liquid  and solid  substances;  the
 sixth part of  a congius.   See Weights and  Mea-
 sures.
   SEX'TULA.  Same etymon.  Hexa'gium, 'tfa-
 ytov.  The sixth part of an ounce.
   SEX'UAL, Sexua'lis, frora sexus,  'sex.'  That
 which relates  to the sex;  which characterizes the
 sex.
   Sexual Diseases, Morbi sexua'les, are  tbe dis-
 eases of  the  genital organs; as  Sexual Func-
 tions are the  genital functions.
   Sexual  Intercourse, Coition—s.  Organs,
 Genital organs.
   SEXUS, Sex — s. Alter, see Sex — s. Fortior,
 see Sex — s. Muliebris, see Sex — s. Potior, see
 Sex — s. Sequior, see Sex — s. Virilis, see Sex.
   SEYDSCHUTZ WATER, Seidschiitz water.
   SHACKLE, Carpus.
   SHACKLE-HAMMED, see Cnemoscoliosis.
   SHADDOCK.   The fruit of Citrus decu'mana,
 called after the captain of a vessel who first took
 it to  the West Indies  from  China,   It  is large;
 but inferior to the  orange in flavour.  It keeps,
 however, longer; and, hence, is  useful on  long
 voyages.
   SHAKERS, see Convulsionnaire.
   SHAKES, Intermittent.
   SHAKING, Intermittent, see Rigor.
   SHALLOT, Echalotte.
   SHAMPOOTNG,  Champooing, Massing,  (¥.)
 Massage, Massement.   A Hindoo  process, which
 consists in pressing the  body of  the bather in a
 peculiar  manner;  cracking  the  various  joints,
 and employing blows and  friction.
   'Kneading' consists in pressing alternately
 upon  a part of the body to arouse the muscles to
 more  energetic action.  It is employed at times
 in dyspepsia,
  S1IAMR0CK, INDTAN. Trillium latifolium—
s. Water, Menyanthes verna. 
SIIANKER
838
SICCII ASIA
  SnANKER.  Chancre.                        |i
  SHANNONDALE  SALINE  SPRINGS.
These  are  within a few miles of Charlestown,
Jefferson County, Virginia.   They  are mildly
aperient and diuretic
  SHARON  SPRINGS, NEW YORK.  These
springs, which  are situate  about  10  or 12  miles
south of Canajoharie,  N. Y., and 45 miles west
of Albany, are  much frequented.   They contain,
according to the analysis of Dr. Chilton, sulphate
of magnesia, sulphate of lime, chloride of sodium,
chloride of magnesium, sulphohydrate of sodium,
sulphohydrate  of calcium, vegetable  extractive
matter, and  free sulphohydrio acid gas.   Their
temperature is  48° Fahr.
   SHEATH, Vagina.
   SHEDDING OF THE TEETH, see Dentition.
   SHEEP POISON, Kalmia latifolia.
   SI1ELLBARK, see  Hickory.'
   SHELL FLOWER, Trillium  latifolium — s.
Liquid, see Calcis murias — s.  Membrane,  Mem-
brana testae.
   SHEPHERD'S PURSE,  Thlaspi bursa—s.
Sun dial, Anagallis arvensis.
   SHERBET,  Scberbet—s. Orange,  see Syrupus
aurantii.
   SHERMAN'S WORM LOZENGES, see  Worm
lozenges, Sherman's.
   SHERRY. Sack, see Wine.
   SHIELD-BONE, 'Scapula.
   SHIELD. WATER, Nelumbium luteum.
   SHILDER,  Humerus.
   SHIN, O'crea, Crista tib'ia, Sax.  rcina. The
 spine or anterior part  of the tibia or leg.  It is,
 also, called Anticne'mion, and Crea.
   SHINBONE, Tibia.
   SHINGLES, Herpes zoster.
   SHINLEAF, Pyrola.
   SH UNLOCK, Brassica eruca.
   SHIP FEVER, see Typhus.
   SHITABED, Leontodon taraxacum.
   SHIVERING, see Rigor.
   SHOCK, see Concussion.
   Shock,  Nervous, Vital Shock, Vital Depres-
 sion, Nervous Depression, Fatal Sinking. Sudden
 or instantaneous depression of organic, nervous,
 or vital power, often with  more or less perturba-
 tion of body and mind, passing either into reac-
 tion, or into  fatal  sinking, occasioned by   the
 nature,  severity or extent of injury, or  by an
 overwhelming moral calamity.—Copland.
   Shock,  Vital, Shock, nervous.
   SHOOT, Crick-in-the-ncck.
   SHORT, Sax. yceoji-c, from  rcipan, 'to cut, to
 shear,' shored, shor'd, short, (¥.) Court.  A word
 used, by anatomists,  in  opposition to long; and
 to distinguish parts  from each  other that have
 otherwise tbe  same name.
   Short Bones, for example,  are those in which
 the three dimensions—length, breadth, and thick-
 ness— are nearly alike;  such are the vertebrae,
 bones of the carpus, tarsus, Ac.
   Short-of-Puff,  Short-winded — s. Ribs,  see
 Costa.
   SHORTSIGHTED, Myopic.
   SHORTSIGHTEDNESS, Myopia.
   SHORTWINDED, Pursy.
   SHOTBUSII, Aralia spinosa.
   SHOTT, Pleurodynia.
   SHOULDER, Humerus —s. Blade, Scapula —
 s. Bone. Humerus.
   SHOUP. Haunch.
   SHOVEL PICKEREL WEED, Unisema del-
 tifolia— s. Pond, Unisema deltifolia.
   SHOW, see Parturition.
   SHOW-CHOO. see  Spirit.
   SHOWER-BATH,  see Bath.
   SHRUB, perhaps, from Arabic, sharab, 'syrup.'
 A compound of spirits, lemon-juice, and sugar.
  Shrub, Sweet, Calycanthus—s. Sweet-scented,
Calycnntbus.
  S1IRU.MP-SIIOULDERED, see Hump.
  Sll UD'DERINO, Frenlitus, Phi yag'ma, from
(G.) Schauder, Schauer, (F.) Frcmissement,
Tressaillcment.   A peculiar sensation, felt  either
externally or internally;  and which seems to be
the result of  a spasmodic movement of the parts
in  which  it  occurs.  A  slight  feeling of cold
sometimes accompanies it.  It  is,  at  times,  tbe
result of a moral cause, and is often the precur-
sor of shivering.
  SHULL-BANE, Humerus.
  SHUMAC, Rhus coriaria.
  SIAGANTRI'TIS,   from otayorv,  'the  jaw,'
avrpov, 'a cavity,' and itis, denoting inflamma-
tion.  Inflammation of the lining membrane of
the antrum of Highmore.
  SIAGON, Maxillary bone.
  SIAGO'NAGRA, from  otayotv, 'the jaw,'  and
aypa, ' a seizure.' Arthritis maxilla'ds.  A  gouty
or  rheumatic affection of the joint of the lower
jaw.
  SIALACHIIS, Salivation.
  SIAL'AGOUUE, Siulago'gtts, Sialogogue, Pty-
alagogtie, Plyas'niagogue, Sallvans, Saliva'tuin,
Sialocinelicus,  Ajiojthlegmat'isaus per  os,  (¥.)
Salivant; from  amXov, 'saliva,'  and  ayur,'I ex-
pel.'   That  which  provokes the secretion of
saliva.  Pyrethrum and mercury are  sialogogues.
Sialagogues  may be  of two kinds, those  which
act through the  circulation, and  those which  act
immediately  on  the  salivary  organs.  Mercury
belongs to the former, — pyrethrum to the latter
class.   The  chief sialagogues  are  armoracia,
calamus,  mezereum,  pyrethrum,  tabacum,  and
zingiber.
  'SIALTCA, from cia\ov, 'saliva.'   Medicines,
which affect  the salivary glands.—Pereira.
   SIALISMUS, Salivation.
   SIALOCINETICUS, Sialagogue.
   SIALOLITHI, Calculi, salivary.
   SIALOLOG'TA, from  oiaXov,  'saliva,'  and
Xoyos, ' a discourse.'  A treatise on saliva.
   SIALOMA, Saliva.
   SIALON,  Saliva.
   SIALORRHCEA, Salivation.
   SIALOSCHESIS, from  oia\ov, 'saliva,' and
 exeats, ' retention.'  Retention  or suppression of
 the saliva.
    SIALOSYRINGES, Salivary fistulae.
    SIALOZEMIA,  Salivation — s.  Mercurialis,
 Salivation, mercurial.
    SIAMESE TWINS, see Twins, Siamese.
    SIBARE, Phrenitis.
    SIBBENS, Sivvens, Framboe'sia Sco'tiea.   An
 infectious disease in  the mountainous  parts of
 Scotland, viewed  to  be  of  the venereal kind.
 Siwin, in the Keltic,  means raspberry; and  it is
 said that, in  this affection, fungi appear like rasp-
 berries.   From  siwin, the inhabitants have made
 sievin,  sibben,  sibbens, and  sivvens.  By some,
 this affection is regarded as a complication ofthe
 venereal  and itch.  In the Orkneys, sibbens means
 itch. — Jamieson.
    SIB'ILANT, Sib'ilus, Sib'ilans, frora sibilo,'!
 hiss, I  whistle.'  Making a hissing  or whistling
 sound.  See Rdle sibilant.
■    SIBILISMUS  AURIUM, Tinnitus aurium.
    SIBILUS AURIUM, Tinnitus aurium.
    SICCAN'TIA, from siccare,  ' to dry.'  Xeran'-
 tica, (¥.)  Siccatifs.  Drying  medicines.   See
 Desiccativa.
    SICCA TIFS, Siccantia.
    SICCATIO,  Drying.
    SICCIIA'SIA,  oiKxatna. 'disgust.'  A distress-
 ing disgust  for  food; such as  is experienced by
 women with child. 
SICILICUM              839     SILENE  CRASSIFOLIA
   SICTL'ICUM.  A Roman weight of about two j
 drachms.
   SICK, Sax. reoc,  JEger, Algro'tus, Nos'eros, ll
 X a-to'des,  .Lice,is.  Labor-to'sun, Labo'rans,  (¥.)
 Malatle.  Labouring  under disease;  Diseas'ed, ||
 Distem'/rered, III, Ailing,  Disordered.  Such  is
 its acceptation in old English, and generally in i
 the  United States.   In moot parts  of the United j
 States, if a patient is affected with  a slight indis- [
 position, he is said to be sick; if with one  more I
 severe, he is  said to be ill ; (Prov.) bad. badly. \
 In England, it most commonly means,—affected
 with disorder of  the stomach, or nausea.
   A sick person, M-lger, Mtgro'tus. (¥.)  Malatle,
 who is under the charge of a physician is said to
 be a patient, or  the patient of the physician.  At
 times, but rarely, patient is used for a sick  per-
 son in tbe abstract.
   Sick Stomach, Milk sickness.
   SICKLY, Morbo'stts,  Valctudina'riiis, Adyn'-
 otns, Xosae'cros, Noso'des, Morbose,  Mor'bu/ent,
 I 'nhealth'y. (Sc.) Hough, (¥.) Maladif.  Subject to
 be sick, or in feeble health.  Ailing.
   .SICKNESS,   Disease,  Plague — s.  Falling,
 Epilepsy-^s. Mountain,  Puna—s. River. Milk
 sickness — s. Sea, Nausea marina — s. ofthe Sto-
 mach, Vomiting — s. Swamp, Milk  sickness.
   SICLIUM, Sicilicum.
   STCUA. Cupping-glass.
   SICULA, Beta, Penis.
   SICYEDON.  Cauledon.
   SIDA ABUTILON. Abutilon Avicennae.
   SIDE, PAIN  IN THE. Pleurodynia,
   SIDERA'TIO,  Sydera'tio,  Sidera'tion,  from
 sitlus,  sideris, 'a star;' because the  condition was
 thought to  be produced by the influence  of the
 stars.   The state of one struck  suddenly, without
 apparent cause,  and as if by the influence of the
 stais or planets—Planet-struck.   The  ancients
 comprised  under this  name,  different  morbid
 conditions, such as paralysis, apoplexy, and gan-
 grene.
   Sideratio, Apoplexy, Asphyxia, Phrenitis —
 s. Ossis. Spina ventosa.
   STDERATION. Astrobolismos, Sideratio.
   SIDERION. Ferramentum.
   SIDERITES,  Magnet.
   SIDERITIS.  .Magnet, Teucrium  chamaepitys.
   SIDEROKRENJE,  Water,  mineral,   (chaly-
 beate.)
   SIDEROPEG.E, Water,  mineral (chalybeate).
   SIDEROS. Ferrum.
   SIDEROXYLON, Chrysophyllum cainito.
   SIDE-SADDLE-PLANT, Sarracenia.
   SIDIIEE, see Cuiijii.li.
   SIDMOUTH  (CLIMATE OF).   Sidmouth is
 in Devonshire,  England,  on tbe  sea-beach, at
 the  mouth of the Sid.   It is much frequented by
 invalids, both  during the  summer and  winter.
 The climate is,  however, damp, and  subject to
 sea-fogs.
   SIEGE, Anus.
   SIELISMOS, Salivation.
   SIELON, Saliva,
   SIEVE, see Cribration — s. Drum, see Cribra-
 tion.
   SIFFLEMENT (¥.), from siffler, 'to whistle.'
 Whistling.
   SIFFLEMENT MODULE. Chant des artlres, :
 Bruit musical, 'modulated whistling, or music of
 the arteries.'  A  kind of sound heard on auscul- j
 tation,  resembling, at times, the humming of cer- I
 tain  insects.  Various musical sounds, (F.) Bruits
 nuisicaux,  are  described  from  fancied   resem- ]
 blnnces :—as Bruit de jtiaufement, resembling the
 clucking of the  hen: — Bruit de jnppement, re-
sembling  the barking  or  yelping of a young i
dog,  Ac.                                      II
  The sound is chiefly met with in those labour-
ing under chlorosis.
  SIOAULTIAN  SECTION, Symphyseotomy.
  SIGE, Taciturnity.
  SI OH, Suspirium.
  SIGHT, Vision — s. Askew, Dysopia lateralis
— s. False,  Metamorphopsia,  Pseudoblepsia — s.
Feebleness of, Amblyopia.
  SIGILLUM SALAMONTS, Convallaria poly-
gonatum— s. Virginitatis, Hymen.
  SICMATOID, Sigmoid.
  SIOMOID, Sigmoid'al, Sig'matoid, Sigmo'i'des,
Sigmo'des, Sigmo'i'deus;  from sigma and ethos,
'resemblance.'  That which has the form of the
Greek S or C.
  Sigmoid Cartilages, Semilunar cartilages.
  Sigmoid Cavities or Foss.e of the Ulna, (F.)
fa vitis ou Fosses sigino'ides, are  two notches at
the upper part of that bone, — one for the recep-
tion of the  humerus;  the other  for  that of tbe
radius.
  Sigmoid Flexure of  the Colon,  Flexu'ra
sigrno'i'dea seu iliaca, is a turn tbe colon  takes
immediately before its termination in  the rectum.
  Sigmoid Fossa  (of the temporal bone), Fossa
sigmoidea.
  Sigmoid or Semilunar Valves, Valvula Sig-
mo'itlea, Proces'sus Sigmo'i'des, (F.) Valvules sig-
ino'ides ou semilunaires, are  three valvular  fold.-,
at the commencement of the pulmonary artery
and aorta.   These valves  have  the form of a,
crescent, when applied against  the  parietes of
the vessel.   When the  blood is   sent from  the
ventricles by their contraction,  the  valves  are
applied against the  sides  of the vessel; but,
during the diastole of the ventricle, they are de-
pressed, and prevent tbe blood from returning to
the heart.   At the middle of the convexity of
each valve is a small, hard, triangular granulum,
called Corpus'ciiluin seu Glob'ulus  Aran'tii, which
completely closes  up the passage.  It is, also,
called Corpitsenlum Morgagn'ii and C. Sesamoi-
deum. fF.) Globule d'Araiitius.
  STON,  Signnni,  Semi'on,   (¥.)  Signe.  Any
present or past circumstance, afforded by the ex-
amination of a patient, or of matters  concerning
him, whence a conclusion may be drawn regard-
ing the nature and seat of his disease.  The phe-
nomena which precede the disease are called an-
amnestic or comment'orative  signs ;—those which
accompany  it  are termed  diagnostic, if they
reveal the nature or seat of  the disease,—Jjrog-
nos'tic, when they indicate its probable duration
and termination.  See Symptom.
  STGNA ASSTDENTIA, see Assidens.
  SIG'NATURE,  Stgnatu'ra, Signa'tio,  from
sr'gnum, ' a  sign ;' Ejrisphagism'os.   This  term
was  applied in the  Eastern countries, in the
middle ages,  to mystic characters  of good or bad
augury, with which it was pretended  that every
one was marked by the star under which he was
born.
  Signatures  of Plants meant certain peculia-
rities  in their external formation or colour, which
indicated that  they were adapted for  particular
diseases :—as in the case ofthe Lungwort, Liver-
wort,  kc.
  SIGNES  AVANT-COUREURS, Precursory
signs—•.■. Pricurseurs, Precursory  signs.
  SIGNUM,  see  Parturition — s. Characteristi-
fitra,  see  Pathognomonic — s. Conjunctum, see
Pathognomonic — s.  Dincriticum,   see  Diaeriticn,
signa. — s. Morbi essentiale, see Pathognomonic.
  SILACH,  Sitae.  An  Arabic   word,  used  to
designate thickening of the eyelids,  Crassil'ies
Palpebrarum ; and, also, Alopecia. — Forestus,
Stephanos.
  SILENCE, see Murmur, respiratory.
  SILENE CRASSIFOLIA, Cucubatus behen— 
SILER LANCIFOLIUM        840              SINGULTOUS
r. Inflata, Cucubalus behen — s. Thorei, Cucuba-
lus behen.
  Sile'ne Virgin'ica, Ground Pink, Wild Pink,
<''itch  Fly.   Ord.  Caryophyllaceae.   The  root
has been employed in decoction, as an efficacious
anthelmintic.
  Silene Pennsvlvan'ica probably has the same
properties.
  SILER  LANCIFOLIUM, Laserpitium  siler
— f. Montanum, Laserpitium siler.
  SILTQUA, Cera'tion ;  the  carat.  A weight
of about four grains.  A pod.
  Siliqua Arabica,  Tamarindus — s. Araci aro-
matici, see Vanilla — s. Banilla\  see Vanilla — s.
Dulcis, Ceratonium siliqua—s. Vanigliae, see Va-
nilla— s. Vanilliae. see Vanilla.
  SILIQUASTRUM PLINII.Capsicum annuum.
  SILK, Sericum.
  SILK GRASS, Yucca  filamentosa — s. Weed,
Asclepias Sullivantii, Asclepias tuberosa—s. Weed,
common, Asclepias Syriaca — s.  Weed, flesh-co-
loured, Asclepias incarnata — s. Weed, swamp,
Asclepias incarnata — s. Worm, see Sericum.
   SILLON, Sulcus — 8.  Horizontal de  la veine
 ornbilicale, see Liver — s. Trausversale,  see Liver
 — s. de la Veine cave infirieur, see Liver — s. de
 la  Veine parte, see Liver.
   SIL L ONNEMENT, Segmentation.
   SILO, Camus.
   SILPHIUM, Laserpitium.
   Silph'ium Laciniatum, Rosin weed, Compass
 jtlant, Polar plant.
   Silphium Perfolia'tum,  Cup Plant, Turpen-
 tine Sun Flower, and
   Silphium Terebinthina'ceum, Pra'irie  Bur-
 dock ; Arut. Order,  Composite ; indigenous in
 Ohio  and  Michigan, and  flowering from July to
 September; yield a  fragrant gum  which  is  es-
 teemed stimulant and antispasmodic.
   SILURUS GLANIS,  see Ichthyocolla.
   SILUS, Camus.
   SILVER, Argentum—s. Ammonio-chloride of,
 see Argentum — s. Chloride of, see Argentum —
 s. Chloruret of, see Argentum—s. Cyanide of, see
 Argentum — s. Cyanuret of, see Argentum — s.
 Iodide of, see Argentum — s. Ioduret of, see Ar-
 gentum.
   Silver Leaf, Magnolia maerophylla.
   Silver, Muriate  of,  see Argentum—s. Nitrate
 of, Argenti nitras — s. Oxide of,  see Argentum.
   Silver and  Ammonia, Chloride of, see Ar-
 gentum— s. and Ammonia, chloruret of, see Ar-
 gentum— s. and Soda, Hyposulphite of, Sodae et
 argenti  hyposulphis.
   SILYBUM. Carduus marianus—s. Maculatum,
 Carduus marianus—s.  Marianum, Carduus ma-
 rianus.y
   SI.MA'BA CEDRON.  Nat. Fam. Simarubaceae.
 A  South  American  tree, the  seeds of which —
 cedron seeds — have been used as an antidote for
 snake-bites.  They have, also, been proposed in
 mental  diseases and in  epilepsy.  The scrapings
 of the wood have been  used as a substitute for
 sulphate of quinia..
    Simaba Quassioides,  Nima quassioides.
   SIMAROUBA, Quassia simarouba—s.  Bitter,
 Quassia simarouba—s. Faux, Malpighia inourella.
   SI.MARUBA, Quassia simarouba.
    Simaruba Officinalis, Quassia simarouba,
    SIMILATIO, Assimilation.
   SIMITIUM, Plumbi  subcarbonas.
   SIMO.  Camus.
   SIMONEA  FOLLICULORUM, Acarus folli-
 culorutn.
   SIMOTRACHELUS, Bysauchen.
   SIM PEER'S JOY, Verbena hastata.
   SIMPLES.   Medicinal herbs.  One skilled in
 simples is called a Simplist, a Rhizot'omist.
  SIMPLEST, see Simples.
  SIMULATED  DISEASES, Feigned diseases.
  SIMULATI MORBI, Feigned diseases.
  SIMUS.  Camus.
  SINA  LEVANTICA, Artemisia santonica.
  SINAPELjE'ON, from  trivairi, ' mustard,'and
tXaiov, ' oil.'  Oil impregnated with mustard.
  SINAPI, Sinapis.
  SINA'PIS,  S.  nigra seu  cer'nua seu  Olive-
ria'na, Bras'sica  nigra, Najrus, Eru'ca,  Sina'j,?,
Sina'pi,  Sine'jti, Na'jrium, Najry, Common Black
Mustard, (¥.) Modtarde noire ou grise,  Sinevi,
Sauve.   Ord. Cruciferae.  Sex. Syst. Tetradyna-
mia  Siliquosa.  The seeds are inodorous, when
entire ; but, when  bruised, the colour is very pun-
gent; taste bitterish and acrid.  They yield their
virtues to water, and afford a bland oil by expres-
sion.  The seeds  are stimulant, diuretic, emetic,
and  rubefacient.   They are  sometimes  recom-
mended to be swallowed whole, in dyspepsia, tor-
por of the  bowels, Ac.   Externally, they are ap-
plied in the form  of cataplasm.  See Sinapism.
  Sinapis Alba, S. folio'sa, Bonannia officina'lis,
Napus Leucosina'pis, White Mustard, is also used
medicinally.   It  is somewhat less pungent than
the black.  The distilled  oil—Oleum Sinapis—is
a powerful stimulant and rubefacient.   In the
pharmacopoeias of the United States and London,
Sinajtis is the seeds of Sinapis nigra and Sinapis
alba.
   Whitehead's Essence of Mustard consists of oi7
of turpentine, camphor, and a portion of sjtirrt of
Rosemary : to which is added a small  quantity
of flour  of mustard.   It is a  celebrated embroca-
tion for rheumatism, Ac.
   Whitehead's Essence  of Mustard Pills consist
of yellow resin  and  balsam of tolu  enough to
make into pills.
  Mustard Whey is made by taking bruised mus-
tard seeds  ^ss, and milk Oj.   Boil together until
the milk is curdled, and strain.
  This whey is used in dropsy.
  Sinapis Arven'sis, S. Timoria'na, Charlock,
 Wild  Mustard, Gar-lock,  Chadlock, Runsh, (Sc.)
Ranches, Scaldrr'cks, Skelloch, Skcllie.  The seeds
are sometimes substituted for black mustard.
   Sinapis Cer'nua, Sinapis — s. Eruca, Brassica
eruca—s. Foliosa, S. alba—s. Nigra,  see Sinapis
alba — s. Oliveriana, Sinapis — s. Tamoriana, S.
arvensis — s. Tuberosa, Brassica rapa.
   SINAPISTS, Bole Armenian.
   SIN'APISM, Sinapis'mus, from sinapis,  'mus-
tard.'  A cataplasm, of which mustard forms the
basis,  which  is  used  for exciting redness, and
acting as  a counter-irritant.   It is prepared by
 mixing  flour of mustard  and vinegar together to
 the due  consistence.   See Cataplasma sinapis.
   SIN'CIPUT,  Sincip'ital   Region,  Syn'ciput,
 Hemicephala'um.  The  French use it  synony-
 mously  with vertex, Mesocra'niitm, Mesocra'num.
 By some, it is applied to the frontal region or fore-
 part, or  forehalf  of the cranium, Hemicephal'ium,
 Hemiceph'alum.  The  parietal  bones have been
 called sincipital bones,  Ossa siucip'ilis, (¥.) Os
 du sinciput.
   SINDON,  atvoutv, very fine linen.   A small
 piece  of rag, or round pledget, supported by a
 thread at the middle, and  introduced  into the
 opening in the cranium made by the trephine.
   STNEPI. Sinapis.
   STNEW. Tendon.
   SINGLETON'S  GOLDEN  OTNTMENT is
 formed  of sulphuret of arsenic (realgar,) and lard
 or spermaceti ointment.
   SINGULT'OUS. Lygmo'dcs. Lygo'des, Lyngo'-
 des, Lynggo'ties, (F.)  Singnlteux, from singultus,
 ' hiccough.'   Relating to or  affected  with  hio-
 cough. 
SINGULTUS
S4
1                  SINUS
  STNGUL'TUS, Lynx, Lygmus, Spasmolyg'mus,
Clonus sen Pneusis singultus, Hiccough, Hiccup,
(Prov.)  Ileitis, Yoke,  (Sc.) Eskin, Eeskin,  (¥.)
Hoquet.  A noise  made  by the sudden and  in-
voluntary contraction of the diaphragm, and the
simultaneous contraction  of  the  glottis,  which
arrests the air in the trachea.  It is  a  symptom
of many morbid conditions,  and  especially of
gangrene,  but occurs, frequently,  in  persons
otherwise in good health.
  SIN'tSTRAD, from sinister, 'to the left hand.'
A term used by Dr. Barclay, adverbially, to sig-
nify  'towards the sinistral aspect.'  See Mesial.
  SINISTRAL ASPECT, see Mesial.
  SINKING, FATAL, Shock, nervous.
  SIXUEUX, Sinuous.
  SINUOSITAS, Sinus.
  SIN'UOUS, Sinuo'sus, (¥.) Siivueux, from sinus,
' a bay  or  curve.'  An epithet  given to certain
ulcers, and especially to certain  fistulae,  which
are tortuous.
  SINUS,  Sinuo'sitas, Coljtos, Abscon'sio, Eury-
t-ho'ria, Reces'sus,  (¥.) Golfie, 'a cavity.'  Any
cavity, the interior  of which  is  more  expanded
than  the entrance.   In  this  sense, anatomists
have applied the term to cavities in certain bones
of the head and face.  It  has been, also, applied
to certain  venous canals, into which a number
of vessels empty themselves;  such as the sinuses
ofthe dura mater and of the spine;  the sinus of
the vena porta; uterine sinuses, Ac;—and to the
bosom.
  In surgery, it means  a long,  narrow, hollow
track, leading from some abscess, diseased bone,
&c, (F.) Clapier.
--*. Sinuses of bones form part of the nasal cavi-
ties.  They are the  frontal,  sphenoidal,  maxil-
lary, Ac   The name has also been given, occa-
sionally, to the ethmoid and mastoid cells.
  Sinus  Acusticus,  Auditory canal, internal —
s. Ampullaceus, Cavitas elliptica — s. Aortici, Si-
nuses of Valsalva—s. Arteriosus, S. pulmonalis—
s. Basilar, Sinus transversus—s. Caverneux, Caver-
nous sinus—s. Cavernosi  uteri, Sinus uterini—s.
Cavernosus, Cavernous sinus — s. Cerebri, Ven-
tricles of the brain —s. Choro'idien, S. quartus —
s. Circular, of Ridley, Sinus coronarius — s. Cir-
culars, S. coronarius — s. Communis, see Semi-
circular canals —«.  Coronaire du  coeur, see  Car-
diac veins.
  Sinus  Corona'rius, Si circula'ris seu circu-
la'ris Rid'ley i, Circular sinus of Ridley, Cor'onary
sinus.   A  venous canal,  which surrounds,  in a
more or less regular manner, the pituitary fossa
and  gland, emptying itself into the corresponding
cavernous sinus by each of  its extremities.
  Sinus. Coronarv, Sinus coronarius — s. Coro-
nary of the heart, Sinus coronary, venous.
  Sinus  Coronary, Venous, Coronary sinus of
the heart.  A name given, on  account of its great
size, to that portion of the great coronary  vein
which embraces the left auriculo-ventricular fur-
row.
  Sinus  Cox k. see Cotyloid—s. Droit, S. quartus.
  Sinus  Dexter Cordis, S.  i-ena'rnm cava'rum
sen  veno'sus,  Saccus  vena'rum cava'rum.   The
right auricle of the heart:—A'trium cordis dex-
trum.  See Auricula.
  Sinuses of the Dura  Mater,  & seu Fis'tula
seu  Cavila'tes seu  Ventric'uli seu  Tu'buli  seu
Sunguiduc'tus seu Receptor-'ula Dura matris, are
funned bv  a separation of the layers of the dura
mater, which acts  as a  substitute for  the outer
membrane of  veins.  Bichat admits  only  four
great sinuses, of which all the others seem to be
dependencies: — the  two  lateral  sinuses,  the
straight  sinus, and  the  longitudinal sinus.   To
the lateral sinuses  belong. — the  petrous sinuses,
superior and inferior; the  transverse sinus; the
 cavernous  sinuses; the coronary  sinus, and  the
 occipital sinuses.  To the straight sinus belongs
 tbe inferior longitudinal.  The longitudinal sinus,
 properly so called, has no sinus under its depend-
 ence.
   Sinus Falciformis Inferior, S. longitudinal,
 inferior—s. Falciformis superior, S. longitudinal,
 superior—s. Fourth, Torcular Herophili—s. Genas
 pituitarius, Antrum of Highmore—s. of the Jugu-
 lar vein, see Jugular veins — s. Lacrymalis, La-
 chrymal sac — s. Lactiferus, see Lactiferous ves-
 sels.
   Sinuses  of the Larynx, Ventricles of  the
 larynx.
   Sinuses, Lat'eral, Sinus transver'si, S. magni,
 S. latera'les, (¥.) Sinus latiraux.  Each of these
 sinuses, distinguished into  right and left, begins
 at the torcular  Herophili or confluence of  the
 sinuses, and terminates at the sinus of the jugular
 vein.            ,
   SINUS LATER AUX, Sinuses, lateral.
   Sinuses, Longitu'dinal,  S. Longitudina'les.
 These are two  in number.   1. Superior Longi-
 tudinal Sinus, S. faleifor'mis snjterior seu trian-
 gularis. Sinus midian, (Ch.) A long, triangular
 canal; convex above, concave below; which  oc-
 cupies the whole of  the  upper  edge of the falx
 cerebri.   It is broad  behind, and much narrower
 before,  where it commences by  a cul-de-sac, at
 the crista  galli  of the  ethmoid bone.  It passes
 along the frontal or coronal crest, sagittal suture,
 and the vertical groove of the occipital bone.   It
 receives several veins from the dura mater; and
 all those that   are spread  over the convex and
 plain surfaces   of the  two  hemispheres of  the
 brain.  It  discharges itself into  tbe upper part
 of the torcular  Herophili.   2. Inferior Longi-
 tudinal  Sinus, S.  faleifor'mis  inferior;  Vena
 falcis cer'ebri.   This is much narrower than the
 last,  and occupies  the inferior  edge of the falx
 cerebri, from its anterior third to  the  tentorium
 cerebelli, where it  terminates, commonly by two
 branches, in the straight sinus.
   Sinus Magni, Sinuses, lateral — s. Maxillary,
 Antrum of Highmore — s. Midian, Sinus longi-
 tudinal  superior — s. Median, see  Semicircular
 canals — s. Muliebris, Vagina,
   Sinus,  Occip'ital, Sinus  occipitalis.  These
 sinuses commence  at the sides  of the foramen
 magnum  ossis  occipitis,  and ascend—becoming
 broader and nearer  each other — into  the  sub-
 stance of the falx cerebelli, where they frequently
 unite.  Each opens into  the inferior part of the
 torcular Herophili.   They  receive  the  veins of
 the  falx cerebelli, of the dura mater which lines
 the fossae  cerebelli, and of the  posterior part of
 the  cerebellum.  Haller and Sommering  have
 given them the  name of posterior occipital sinuses,
 to distinguish   them  from  the transverse sinus,
 which they have called anterior occipital sinus.
   Sinus Occipitalis Anterior, Sinus transver-
 sa—s. Ophthalmic, see Cavernous sinus—s. Per-
 pendiculars,  S. quartus — s. Ovatns, see Crista
 vestibuli—s. Pituitarii frontis, Frontal sinuses—s.
 Pocularis, see Ejaculatory ducts—s. Polymorphic,
 Cavernous  sinus — s.  Portarum,  see Liver — s.
 Prostatas,  see  Ejaculatory  Ducts — s. Pudendi,
 Vagina — s. Pudoris, Vagina, Vulva — s. Pulmo-
 nales, Sinuses of Valsalva.
   Sinus Pulmona'lis, S. sinis'ter cordis seu ve-
 na'rnm piilmoiia'linm seu arterio'sus, Saccus ve-
 na'rnm piilmona'tium. A'trium cordis sinis'trum.
 The left auricle ofthe heart. See Auricula.
   Sinus of the Pulmonary Veins.  Auricle, left.
   Sinus Quartus,  S.  perpendicnla'ris, Straight
 sinus, (F.) Sinus ehoroidieu (Ch.), Sinusdroil. This
 sinus—triangular throughout; wide posteriorly  ;
 narrower anteriorly ; slightly oblique downwards
. and backwards—passes along the base of the falx 
SIPEERI
842
SITZBATH
 cerebri, from the termination  of the inferior lon-
 gitudinal sinus to the torcular Herophili.  It re-
 ceives the inferior longitudinal  sinus,  the  veins
 of the lateral ventricles or vena Galeni, the  supe-
 rior cerebellous veins, Ac.
   Sinus Renum, Pelvis ofthe kidney—s. Rhom-
 boideus, see Ventricles of the brain—s. Rotundus,
 see Crista vestibuli — s. of the  Septum lucidum,
 Ventricle, fifth—s. Sinister cordis, S. pulmonalis
 —s. Sphenoidalis, Cavernous  sinus — s. Straight,
 S. quartus — s. Superciliares,  Frontal sinuses—s.
 Terminalis,  Circulus  venosus — s.  Transversi,
 Sinuses, lateral.
   Sinus  Transver'sus,  S. occijtita'lis ante'rior,
 Bas'ilar  sinus.  This  sinus lies transversely  at
 the anterior part of the basilary process of the
 occipital  bone.  It forms a  communication be-
 tween the two  petrous sinuses, and the cavernous
 sinus of  one side,  and those of the other.   Its
 breadth  is commonly very great.   It  is situate
 between two layers of the  dura mater, and pre-
 sents, internally, a kind of cavernous tissue.
   Sinus Triangularis, S. longitudinal, superior
 — s.  Urogenitalis, Urogenital sinus.
   Sinus,  Uteri'ni, S. caverno'si U'teri, U'terine
 sinuses.   A name  given  to  cavities, formed by
 the uterine veins in the substance of the  uterine
 parietes.  They are very large during pregnancy.
   Sinus Utriculosus, see Semicircular canals—
 8. des Vaisseaux siminifih-es, Corpus Highmori.
   Sinuses of  Valsal'va are three  depressions
 in tbe aorta—Sinus aor'tici,—and pulmonary ar-
 tery— Sinus pulmonales — immediately opposite
 the semilunar  valves.  Their  use is to leave the
 edges of the valves free, so  that they can be
 caught  by the  refluent blood.   Where  the aorta
 is about to send off the first of its large branches,
 at the top of the thorax, it is of great size, and
 has been  called the Large sinus of Valsalva.
   Sinus of the Vena Cava, Auricle, right — s.
 Venarum cavarum, S. dexter cordis—s. Venarum
 pulmonalium, S. pulmonalis—s. Venosus, S. dex-
 ter cordis.
   Si'nuses, Ver'tf.BRAL, (F.) Sinus vertibraux.
 Two great venous sinuses, different from those of
 the dura  mater, which extend the whole length
 of the vertebral canal, from the occipital foramen
 to the end of the sacrum, behind the bodies of the
 vertebrae, before the dura mater, and at the  sides
 of tbe posterior vertebral  ligament.  At their in-
 ner side they  communicate with each  other by
 means of branches, which  form true transverse
 sinuses.  They are  situate at  the middle of the
 body of each vertebra, passing under the posterior
 vertebral  ligament.   They receive, at their  mid-
 dle part, the veins that arise in the spongy tissue
 of the vertebrae.  By their external side, the ver-
 tebral sinuses  communicate  with  the  posterior
 branches  of the vertebral, intercostal, and  lum-
 bar veins.  At their  posterior side they receive
 the veins, which creep on  the  prolongation ofthe
 dura mater that envelops  the marrow.
   Sinus Vvlvje, Rima vulvae.
   SIPEERI, Bebeeru.
   SIPEERINE. see Bebeeru.
   SIPHAR, Peritoneum.
   SIPHILIS, Syphilis.
   SIPHITA, Somnambulism—s. Prnva, Chorea.
   SIPHO, Siphon — s.  Urinae, Diabetes.
   SIPHON, S>j)ho, attj,a>v,  'a tube.'  A bent tube,
whose limbs are of  unequal length, employed in
pharmacy for transferring liquids from one vessel
to another.  With this view, the shorter limb  is
plunged into the liquid ;  and air is sucked  from
the extremity of the  lower  limb.   The pressure
of the atmosphere  forces the fluid through the
tube; and the  flow will continue as long  as the
extremity  of the longer limb  is below  the level
 of the  fluid  in which  the  shorter  limb is im-
 mersed.
  An exhausting syringe is, at times, attached to
 the longer extremity of the siphon, by means  of
 which the air can be drawn  from it.
  Siphon,  Plunging.   An  instrument,  used  in
 pharmacy for obtaining a specimen,—nt  times, a
 measured specimen, — of any liquid.  With this
 view, the instrument is immersed into liquid, nnd
 allowed to remain there until full.  The  opening
 at the  top is then  closed with  the thumb; and
 the contents, thus removed, arc allowed to flow
 out by  removing the thumb and permitting the
 entrance of air.   It is a form of the jdpette.
  SIPHONIA CAHUCHU, see Caoutchouc —s.
 Elastica, see  Caoutchouc.
  S1P1IUNCULUS, Syringe.
  SIRA, Orpiment.
  SIRENS. Symineles.
  SIRIASIS, Coup  de  Soldi,  Insolation,  Phre-
 nitis— s. yEgvptiaca, Coujr de Soldi.
  SIRIUM MYRTIFOLIUM, Santalum album.
  SIRIUS, Canicula.
  SIROP, Syrup—s. de Capillaire, see Adiantum
 capillus veneris — s. de Coralline, see Corallina
 Corsicana—s. Simple, Mel despumatum.
  SIRUP, Syrup.
  SISON AMMI, JEthu'sa ammi, Criid'iiim tentti-
 fo'lium, Pimpinella laterifo'lia, See'eli fanit-uti-
 fiti'lium.  Ord.  Umbelliferae.   Sex.  Syst.  Pen-
 tandria Digynia.   The  plant that  affords the
 Ammi verum  of the  shops; (F.) Amnii des Bou-
 tiques.  The  seeds—Semen Am'rnios cretici seu
 re/7 — were once used as a carminative.
  Sison Amo'mum,  (F.) Amome  faux, is consi-
 dered to be excitant and diuretic.  It is the Jo Id
 honewort.
  Sison Anisum, Pimpinella anisum — s. Poda-
 graria, Ligusticum podagraria.
  SISTENS, Epischeticus.
  SISYMBRIUM ALLIARIA, Alliaria—s. Bar-
 barea, Erysimum barbarea—s. Erucastrum.  Bras-
 sica eruca—s. Menthastrum, Mentha  aquatica.
  Sisymbrium Nastur'tium, Nasturtium aqual-
 icum  seu officinale,  Lover odora'turn,  Crateva'-
 sium,  Cressi, Card ami'ne fonta'na seu  nastur'tium,
 Water  Cress, (¥.)   Cresson de fontaine.  Ord.
 Cruciferae.  Sex. Syst. Tetradynamia Siliquosa.
 Water-cresses are commonly used in salad.  Tbey
 have  obtained a place in tbe materia medica for
 their antiscorbutic qualities.
  Sisymbrium Officinale,  Erysimum — s. Par-
 viflorum, S. sophia.
  Sisymbrium  So'phia, S. parvifio'rum,  Herb
 Sophia, Sophia Chirurgo'rnm, Flix or Flux-weed,
 (¥.)  Sagesse  des Ohirurgiens.   It was  once re-
 puted to be anthelmintic, and valuable  in hyste-
 rical affections.  It  is not used.
  Other species of Nasturtium, as N.  Palus'tre,
 Marsh water-cress; and N.  Amphib'ium, Water-
 radish,  possess similar virtues with  Nasturtium
 officinale.
  SISYRIN'CHIUM BERMUDIA'NUM,  Blue-
 eyed Lily,  Physic or Scurvy grass; indigenous;
 Order, Iridaceae ; flowering from June to August,
 Used  as a cathartic by the Thorapsonians.   A
 decoction of the root is acrid and cathartic.
  SITICULOSUS, Dipsodes, see Alterative.
  SITIENS,  Dipsodes.
  SITIS,  Thirst — s.  Intensa,  Polydipsia—8.
 Morbosa, Polydipsia.
  SITKA, MINERAL WATERS OF. See Arch-
angel, New, mineral waters  of.
  SITOS, Aliment.
  SITUS  ALIENUS, Ectopia—s. Anomalus seu
perversus intestinorum, Splnnchnectopia—s. Mu-
tatus, Ectopia, see  Monster — e. Perversus, Ec-
topia,
  SITZBATH, see  Bath, half. 
SIUM
8-1
SMALLAGE
  SIUM, S. nodifio'rum seu angustifo'lium seu
Ber'n/a sen erec'tmn seu inclsitm, A'pium  sium,
Hclioscia'ilium nodifio'rum, Ber'ula angustifolia,
Iter'ula, Creejtiug  Water-parsnep, (F.) Berle no-
diflore.   Ord.  Umbelliferae.   Sex.  Syst. Pentan-
dria Digynia.   It  is stimulant, and  supposed  to
be diuretic and  lithontriptic.   It is,  sometimes,
employed in cutaneous eruptions.
  Sium Angustifolium, S. nodiflorum—s. Apium,
Apium graveolens — s. Berula, S. nodiflorum — s.
Bulbocastanum, Bunium bulbocastanum—s. Car-
vi, Carum—s. Erectum, S. nodiflorum—s. Graveo-
lens, Apium graveolens—s. Incisum, S. nodiflorum.
  Sium Latifo'lium  is the  common Water-par-
enep of the United States.   It is said  to be poi-
Bonous.
  Sium Luna're.  The root is eaten  by the Che-
pewyans.  It has an agreeable nutty flavour.  By
the Canadians, it is called Queue  de Rat.   The
poisonous roots of Cicuta virosa, C. maculata, and
C. bulbifera, are often  mistaken for it. — Sir  J.
Richardson.
  Sium  Ninsi.   The  plant  whose  root is called
Radix Ninsi,  Ninzin. Niutlsin.  This root was
long supposed  to be  the same as ginseng, and it
possesses similar, though weaker properties.  See
Panax schinseng.
  Sium Nodiflorum,  Sium — s.  Silaus, Peuceda-
num silaus.
  Sium Sis'arum,  Skirret, (F.) Chervi, Girole, is
used as a salad in Europe; and has been thought
a useful diet in chest affections.
  Sium Vulgare,  Ligusticum podagraria.
  SIVVEN, Rubus idseus.
  SIVVENS, Sibbens.
  SKAW, Scall.
  SKEELY", Strabismus.
  SKELETIA, Emaciation.
  SKELETOL'OGY,  Sceletolog"ia, (¥.) Squelet-
tologie, from skeleton, and Xoyos, 'a  discourse.'  A
treatise on the  solid  parts of the body.  This
part  of  anatomy  comprehends Osteology and
Sy n desmology.
  SKEL'ETON, Scel'etum, Sceleton, Cadav'er ex-
sicca'tum; (Old  Eng.  and Prov.) At'omy, Anat'-
omy, (Sc.) Sptit'g, (¥.)  Sqnelette, Charpeute osse-
use: (oKtXeros, ' dried up,' from OKtXXut, ' I dry.')  A
dried body.  The  aggregate of the hard  parts
of the body, or the bones.  A skeleton is found
in almost all animals,  although it may not always
be formed in the same manner. In  some, as  in
the Crustacea and  testacea, it is wholly or partly
external, Exoskeleton, Dermo-skeleton.  In others,
ns in birds, the mammalia, Ac,  it is  internal,
Endo-ekeleton,  Neiiro-skeleton.   It serves  as a
support for other  organs.   On it  the  general
shape of the  body and of its  various parts  is
greatly dependent.  When the  bones are united
by their natural ligaments, the skeleton is said to
be natural, Scel'etum natural le; when articulated
by means of wires,  artificial or articulated,  Scel'-
etum artificia'le.
  SKELETOPCETA,   Sceletopoe'a,  Sceleteu'sis,
from skeleton,  and  irottw, ' I make.'   The part of
practical anatomy which treats of the preparation
of  bones,  and  the   construction  of  skeletons.
Bones are prepared to exhibit their conformation,
structure, chymical composition, mode of develop-
ment, and changes ; the different cavities formed
by their union; and to demonstrate their connex-
ions, relations, modes  of union,  Ac.
  SKELLIE. Sinapis arvensis,  Strabismus.
  SKELL0C1I, Sinapis arvensis.
  SKEVISCH, Erigeron  Philadelphicum.
  SKEVIS1I,  FLEABANE, Erigeron Philadel-
phicum.
  SKEW SIGHT, Dysopia lateralis.
  SKIN. Cutis—s. Bronzed, see Capsule, renal.
  SKIN-BIND, Induration  of the cellular tissue.
  SKIN-BOUND  DISEASE, Induration of the
cellular tissue.
  SKIN, SCARF, Epidermis.
  SKIN-TIGHT, Induration ofthe cellular tissue.
  SKIOMACHIA, Scioraachy.
  SKIRRET, Sium sisarum.
  SKIRRHUS. Scirrhus.
  SKIRSE, Scirrhus.
  SKITTER, Diarrhoea.
  SKOKE, Phytolacca decandra.
  SKOLEMORA  FERNAMBUCENSIS,  Geof-
fraea vermifuga.
  SKOLIOSIS, Scoliosis.
  SKUE-SIGHT, Dysopia lateralis.
  SKULL, Cranium.
  SKULL-CAP,  Calvaria, Scutellaria galericu-
lata—s. Cap, maddog, Scutellaria laterifolia.
  SKUNK-CABBAGE, Dracontium fcetidum.
  SKUNK-WEED, Dracontium foeiidum.
  SLAB, Torticollis.
  SLABBERING, Slavering.
  SLATE, IRISH, Hibernicus lapis.
  SLATERS, Onisci aselli.
  SLATKAIA TRAVA, see  Spirit.
  SLAVERING, Slab'bering, Slob'bering, Drir'-
elling, (Old E.) Pirtling, from saliva.  Ptyalis'-
mus iners, (¥.) Dave,  involuntary flow of saliva,
from  sluggishness  of  deglutition, without in-
creased secretion.   It is seen in the  infant, the
aged, and the idiot.
  SLEEP, Sax. rlep : Somnus,  Sompnns, Sopor,
Dormil'io, Hyjtuos, (F.) Sornmeil.  Temporary
interruption of our relations with external objects.
A repose of the organs of sense, intellectual facul-
ties, and voluntary motion.
  The act of quitting  this  condition is called
awaking, (¥.) Edgilation, Iliveil.  Sometimes this
is progressive and natural;  at others, sudden and
starting; (F.) Riveil en eursaut,—as in nightmare,
affections of the heart, hypochondriasis, &c
  Sleep, Magnet'ic, Hi/pno'sis biomagnelica, is
the sleep induced by the so-called animal mag-
netism.  See  Magnetism, animal.
  Sleep, Nervous, see  Magnetism, animal.
  SLEEPLESSNESS, Insomnia.
  SLEEP-WALKING,  Somnambulism.
  SLIACS,  MINERAL  WATERS OF.  Sliacs
is  a favourite bathing-place  in Hungary,  a few
miles  from Neusohl.   Some  of the waters are
cold;  others, thermal:  the former are carbonated
chalybeates;  the latter  are  much used in tbe
same  cases as thermal springs in general.
  SLIDING  OF  THE FLAP, see Flap.
  SLIEVE-FISH, Sepia.
  SLING,  (G.)  Schlinge,  Mitella,  Milrinm,
(¥.) Echar-jte.  A bandage  employed to keep tbe
forearm bent  on the arm, in cases of injury done
to  those parts, in  fracture of  the clavicle, injury
of the hands, Ac.  A handkerchief is often suffi-
cient  for this purpose.   It must be  folded dia-
gonally,  and  be tied, by the extremities, round
the neck.   The French surgeons have used  many
varieties of Echarpes or stings;  as the  Grande
icharpe,Echarpe moyenne,Petite icharpe, Eeharpe
de J.  L. Petit, Ac.
  SLIPPERS, Impatiens.
  SLIT  AND TAIL BANDAGE, Invaginated
bandage
  SLOBBERING, Slavering.
  SLOE, Viburnum prunifolium.
  SLOE-TREE. Prunus  spinosa,
  SLOKE, GREEN, Ulva latissima.
  SLOUGH,  Eschar.
  SLOVEN WOOD, Artemisia abrotanum.
  SLOWS, Milk-sickness.
  SLUG. Liiuax — s. Sea, Biche de Mer.
  SLUMBER. Somnolency.
  SMALLAGE, Apium graveolens. 
SMALL-POX              841                SNUFFLES
  SMALL-POX, Variola—s. Modified, Varioloid.
  SMALT, Protox'ide of Cobalt, Smaltum, Safire,
Zaffire, Azur, Blue Starch.  This  oxyd has  been
given in rheumatism, in the dose often to twenty
grains.  A larger quantity excites vomiting.
  SMARAG'DUS,   apapayios,  (¥.)  Emeraude.
The emerald.  It was  formerly regarded  as  a
tonic.
  SMARTWEED,   Polygonum  hydropiper,  P.
punctatum.
  SMECTICA. Detergents.
  SMECTIS. Cimolia terra,
  SMECTRIS, Cimolia terra.
  SMEGMA, cpnyini, frora aprix"*1, 'to  wipe, to
rub off.'  Soap, grease, a salve, a liniment.   Also,
tbe secretion from the  sebaceous follicles of the
skin.
  Smegma Articulare, Synovia — s. Cutaneum,
see Sebaceous glands.
  Smegma Pr^pu'tii,  Sebum prapittia'le.  The
fatty secretion from  the sebaceous follicles of the
glans penis.
  SMEGMAT0RRHO3A, Stearrhcea.
  SMEGMORRHCEA,  Stearrhoea.
  SMELL. SENSE  OF, Olfaction.
  SMELLING, Olfaction.
  SMELLOME'S OINTMENT  FOR   THE
EYTES, Ceratum resinae.
  SMI LACUNA  RACEMO'SA,  False  Spike-
nard; indigenous;  Ord. Lilinceae;  is said to be
alterative, diuretic and  diaphoretic.
  SMILAX, cpiXai;,  Taxus baccata — s. Aspera
Chinensis, Smilax China — s. Aspera Peruviana,
Smilax  sarsaparilla—s. Canellsefolia, S. pseudo-
China.
  Smilax  China, S. as'pera  Chinen'sis.   Ord.
Sinilacea?.  Sex. Syst.  Dicecia  Hexandria.  The
root—Oil ina, Ch. orienta'lis seu pondero'sa seu
vera, Sanidra, Gauquava, China root, (¥.) Squine.
Esquine, Racine, de  Chine.  Formerly much used
in cutaneous and venereal affections.
  Smilax Glauca;  indigenous;  has similar vir-
tues to those of S. Sarsaparilla.
  Smilax  Heder.efolia, S. pseudo-China—s.
Indiea Spinosa, Smilax pseudo-China — s.  Offici-
nalis, Smilax sarsaparilla.
   Smilax Pseudo-China, S. In'dica spino'sa seu
canellafolia. seu hederafio'lia, China occidentalis
seu  spu'ria  nodo'sa, American  or West  India
China.   In scrofulous  disorders,  the  root has
been  often  preferred to  the  oriental kind.  In
other cases, it possesses similar virtues.
   Smilax Sarsaparil'la, S. officinalis, Sarsa-
parilta, Sartaparilla,  Smilax as'pera Peruvia'-
na,  Sarza,  Sarsa,  Carivillarldi, Iva Peearlga,
Macapatli,  Zttrsa,  Zarzaparilla,  (F.)  Salsepa-
reille.  The  root  of this  and other species of
Smilax is inodorous ; taste bitterish, feculaceous,
and fibrous; of a dark  colour  externally; white
within.  It is possessed of diuretic and demulcent
properties, and  has  been often employed in the
sequelae of  syphilis;  when, after a mercurial
course, nocturnal pains, ulcerations, Ac, continue.
It  has, also,  been  advised  in scrofula, chronic
rheumatism, Ac; but  its  efficacy is, to say the
least of it,  a matter of doubt.   Dose,  ^j  to gj
of  the powder.
   It  is  obtained from Honduras, Brazil, and
Peru — the  varieties being called respectively,
Honduras, (¥.) Salsepareille de Honduras ; Bra-
zil. (¥.) S. de  Brisil ou  de  Portugal, and Peru-
vian  Sarsaparilla, (¥.) S. de Pirou ou  caraque.
   Smilax Tamnoides ; indigenous ; has similar
properties.
   SMILE, apiXn.  A curved, two-edged  bistoury.

   SMILEON, Scalpel.
   SMIT, see Contagion.
  SMTTTLE, see Contagious.
  SMYRNA, Myrrha.
  SMYRNISMOS, Embalming.
  SMYR'NIUM  OLUSA'TRUM,  Smyr'nium,
from opvpva, ' myrrh,' the odour of the seeds re-
sembling that  of myrrh ;  Iliji/ioseli'num, Mace-
ro'na, Maeeelonis'r'um, Herba Ale.cundri'na,  Gd'-
elum, Agriosellnnm,  Alexan'ders, Alsanders.  A
plant formerly cultivated  for culinary purposes.
The seeds are bitter and aromatic, and the  roots
more powerfully bitter.  They have been recom-
mended as resolvents,  diuretics, emmenagogues,
ic.
  SNAGGLE-TEETH, Odontoparallaxis.
  SNAGREL, Aristolochia serpentaria.
  SNAIL, Limax—s. .Shell, Cochlea.
  SNAKEHEAD, Chelone glabra.
  SNAKEROOT,  Garuleura   bipinnatum  — s.
Birthwort, Aristolochia serpentaria — s.  Black,
Actaea racemosa, Sanicula Marilandica — s.  But-
ton, Eryngium  aquaticum,  Liatris  spicata — s.
Canada, Asarum Canadense—s. Dewitt, Prenan-
thes — s. Evergreen,  Polygala paucifolia—s.
Heart, Asarum Canadense — s. Virginiana,  Aris-
tolochia serpentaria — s. White, Eupatorium ago-
ratoides.
  SNAKEWEED, Aristolochia serpentaria, He-
lenium autumnale, Polygonum bistorta—s. Ame-
rican, Cicuta, maculata.
  SNEEZING, from Sax. niej-an,  (G.)Niesen,
(probably an example  of  onomatopoeia,) Clonus
Sternnta'tio, Sternuta'tio, Sternutameu'titm,  Ster-
numerltum, Ptarmos, (Sc.) Neesing, (¥.) Eternue-
ment.  A convulsive motion of the  expiratory
muscles,  by  which the air  is driven rapidly, and
rushes sonorously, through the  nasal  fossa;, car-
rying with it the mucus and foreign bodies which
adhere to the pituitary' membrane, and have  occa-
sioned the movement.
  SNEEZEWORT, Achillea ptarmica, Helenium
autumnale.
  SNIRRELS, Nares.
  SNOB, Nasal mucus.
  SNORING,   Snore, (Sax.) TnoPa,  Rhenchus,
Renchus, Rhenxis, Ronchus, Rhonchus, Stertor,
(Sc.) Rowting  (probably a case of onomatopoeia),
(F.)  Ronfiement.  Noise made  in  the posterior
part  of the  mouth  and nasal fossae  during the
movements  of  inspiration, particularly in sleep,
both when the person is in health, and in disease,
as in  apoplexy.  In  certain  affections  of the
chest— in some cases of pulmonary catarrh — a
kind of snoring may be distinctly heard by ap-
plying the ear or the stethoscope to the chest.
  SNOT. Nasal mucus.
  SNOTH, Nasal mucus.
  SNOUT, Nasus.
  SNOW, Sax. rna>,  Nix, Chion,  (¥.) Ndge.
Water in a solid state, which falls  from  the at-
mosphere in white flakes.   It  is used externally
as a. tonic and discutient.
  SNOWBALL, Cephalanthus occidentalis.
  SNOWBERRY, Symphoricarpus racemosus.
  SNOWDROP TREE, Chionanthus Virginica.
  SNOW-BLINDNESS, Blindness produced by
the reflection of the solar light from snow.  As  a
preventive,  Snow Eyes are used by  the Esqui-
maux.  These  are made of extremely light  wood,
with a bridge  resting on the nose like spectacles,
and  a narrow  slit for the passage of the light.
  SNOW EYES, see Snow Blindness.
  SNUFF,  CEPHALIC,  Pulvis  asari composi-
tus.
  SNUFFLES, Teut.  Snuffeln (probably an
example of onomatopoeia), Grave'do neonato'ruru,
Rhinan'gia,  Rhinanch'one.   Breathing   hard
through  the nose, often owing to  accumulation
of the mucous secretions,—an affection to  which 
SNURLE                 845                   SODA
 infants are liable, and which is relieved by oiling
 the interior ofthe nostrils.
   SNURLE, Coryza.
   SNURLES, Nares.
   SOAP, Sapo — s. Acid,  see Sapo.
   Soap Berries, Sapindus saponaria.
   Soap, Black, see Sapo—s. Castile, Sapo durus.
   Soap of the Cocoa-nut Oil, see Sapo.
   Soap, Common  or Soft, see Sapo — s. Liquid,
 see Sapo — s. Medicinal,  see Sapo — s. Spanish,
 Sapo durus—s. Y'ellow, see Sapo.
   SOAPWORT,  Saponaria.
   SOB, from  Sax. reopian, 'to grieve,'(probably
 an example  of onomatopoeia); (F.) Sanglot.  A
 spasmodic, sudden, and momentary contraction
 of the diaphragm,  immediately followed by re-
 laxation, by  which the little air, that the con-
 traction has  caused to enter the chest, is driven
 out with noise.   It  is an evidence of corporeal or
 mental suffering.
   SOBPY, Corpulent.
   SOI'.OLES, Epigone.
   SO BR I ETAS.  Temperance.
   SOCIAPAROTIDIS, see Parotid.
   SOCUETY, Soci'etas, (¥.) Sociiti, from socitts,
 'a companion.'  An association for the promotion
 of some common  object.
   Societies,  Medical.  Associations of medical
 gentlemen for the promotion of science have been
 numerous, and  productive  of valuable results.
 In the United States, societies exist in  many of
 the States, possessing  the power of examining
 into the qualifications of  every one who may be
 desirous of practising within  their particular ju-
 risdiction.   In some of the  States,  however, the
 qualified and unqualified  are  permitted to exer-
 cise their profession with equal privileges and
 immunities.
   Amongst the  medical  associations  that have
 issued  from  time to time useful transactions or
 publications,  are  the following : In America,—
 The Massachusetts  Medical  Society ;  the Phy-
 sico-tncdical,  and Medical Societies ofi the State
 of New  York; the  College of Physicians of Phi-
 ladelphia,  and the American Medical Association.
 In Europe, — The Association ofi Fellows and
 Licentiates of the King's  and Queen's College of
 Physicians of Ire/and; the Medico-Chirurgical
 and Phrenological  Societies ofi Edinburgh. : the
 College of Physicians,  the  Medico-Chirurgical
 the Medical and the Sydenham Societies of Lon-
 don ; the Associated Ajtnthecaries  and  Surgeon
 Apntlo curies of England and Wales, and tbe Pro-
 rineiiil.  Medical  and. Surgical Association ;  the
 Royal Academy ofi Surgery, the Royal Society ofi
 Medicine, the Sociiti Midlcale d'Emulation, the
 Sociiti. de Midecine, the Royal Academy ofi Medi-
 cine, the Sociiti Medicate tlObservation, and the
 Sociiti de Biologic,  of Paris ; the Medico-Chirur-
 gical Academy of Vienna ; the Medical Societies
 of Berlin and Copenhagen, Ac, Ac.  In Asia,—
 The Medical and  Physical Society ofi Calcutta.
   Valuable medical  essays are likewise contained
 in  the  published  Transactions ofi the  American
 Philosophical Society;  the  Royal Societies ofi
 London, Edinburgh,  G'titti'ngen, Ac.;  the  Imperial
 Academy of Sciences of Paris ;  the  Imperial So-
 ciety of Sciences of  St. Petersburg and  Vienna;
 the Royal Academy of Sciences of Turin ; the
 Actotemia Imperialis Leopoldina  Natures Curio-
 sorum,  Ac.
   SOCORDIA, Hallucination.
   SODA.  An Arabic  word.   Protox'ide of so-
 dium, (¥.)  Sonde,  is obtained by  adding caustic
lime to a solution of carbonate of soda.  The soda
in  solution may be  obtained  by evaporation as
hydrate of soda. Its  action  is  like that of potassa;
but it is not officinal.
  Soda  impu'ra,  Barilla, Barig'lia, Barii'lor,
 Soda  Ilisparlica,  Ana'tron,  Natron, Ana'ton,
 Nitrum  Aritiquo'rum, Kelp,  Aphrorii'trnm,  Sal
 alkali mis fij-us fas'sills, Car'bonas  Soda im'pu-
 ma, Subcar'bonus Soda impu'ra, Attach ion.  The
 mineral alkali is obtained from  several sources ;
 — naturally, in Egypt: artificially, from the in-
 cineration of marine  plants;  and from  the de-
 composition of sulphate of soda, Ac.   It  is prin-
 cipally,  however, derived from plants growing on
 the sea-coast; — as the SaIso7a  sati'va,  S.*<>d„,
 S. tragus, Salt cor'n in herba'cea, Saticornia Arab'-
 ica, Ac.  The Barilla ashes are from  the  ashes
 of the Sail cor'nia Europa'a : the Kelp, Sonde de
 Varecq, from the  Fucus vesiculo'aus and  other
 varieties ;—the  Turkey Barilla, Roquette, Cendre
 dn Levant, Rochet'ta Atexandrlna, from  the Me-
 sembryan'themum Cojt'ticum; — the Alicant Ba-
 rilla,Soda Alicantlna sen Alonen'sis, from the Me-
 sembryan'themum nodifio'rum;—and the  Carlha-
 ge'na Barilla, from the Salicor'nia  and Salso'la.
   Impure subcarbonate of soda,  (F.)  Sonde dn
 commerce, consists of subcarbonate of  soda, pot-
 ash, chloride of sodium, clay  and  other earthy
 substances.  It is chiefly used for preparing the
 pure subcarbonate.
   Soda, Cardialgia, Cephalalgia, Pyrosis.
   Soda  Aceta'ta, Soda Ac'tas,  Ac"etate ofi
 Soda, Terra fiolia'ta minera'lis, (¥.) Acitate de
 soude.  This salt is used in similar cases with the
 acetate of potass.
   Soda  Aerata, Sodae carbonas — s. Alonensis,
 Soda—s. Biborate of, Borax — s. Bicarbonate of,
 Sod;c carbonas—s. Bilateof, Picromel—s. Borate
 of, Borax—s. Boraxata, Borax.
   Soda,  Car'bonate  of,  Soda  Car'bonas  sen
 Bicar'bonas, Carbonas  A'a'tricum, Soda Aera'ta,
 Bicar'bonate of Soda, Carbonate of protox'ide of
 Sodium, (F.) Carbonate de Soude, S.  effervescente
 ou airie ou  crayeuse.  (Soda subcarb. Ibj, aqua
 destill. Oiij.  Dissolve tbe subcarbonate of soda,
 and pass carbonic acid through the  solution: set
 it aside to crystallize.)  Its use is the same as tho
 subcarbonate, than  which it is less  caustic, and
 better adapted for effervescing draughts.
   Soda  Cau'stica,  Protox'ide of  So'dium, Caus-
 tic Soda, (F.) Sonde  cuustique,  S.  u la  Chaux,
 Soude pure.  The  impure subcarbonate,  treated
 by quicklime, and consequently deprived of its
 carbonic acid.   It may be used as a caustic like
 the Potassa fusa, and is even  preferable to it, as
 it does not deliquesce and run
   Soda, Chloride of, S. Ch/orina'ta, Soda Chlo'-
 ridum seu Ch/orure'tiim, Clt/o'filiated Soda, Na-
 iriirn Oxymnrialicum. Oxyinu'date ofi Soda, (F.)
 Chlorure de Simile, Chlorure d'oxide de Sodium.
 This salt is used as a disinfecting  agent;  both to
 remove offensive smells in chambers, and to al-
 ter the condition  of fetid ulcers.  See Liquor Sodaj
 Chlorinata?.
   Soda,  Chlorinated, Soda, chloride of—s. His-
 panica, Soda—s.  Hydrochlorate of, Soda, mu-
 riate of.
   Soda,  Hyposulph'ite  of, Soda hyjtosulph'is,
 (¥.) Hyjrosu/fite de Sonde.  This  salt  has been
 lately extolled  in chronic cutaneous,  and  scrofu-
 lous affections.   It is given in syrup.
   Soda,  Lithate of, Urate of soda — s. Mephite
 of, Soda, subcarbonate of.
   Soda,  Mu'riate of, S. muria''.a seu mnrialica,
 Al'kali   minerale  sallnum, Soda  murias,  Sal
 commu'nis seu culina'ris seu foiltium seu  gemma-
 sen marinus seu albus seu fos'sitis seu  lu'cidum,
 Mtt'riti, Natron miiria'tum, Nat ruin muriat'icum,
 Hydrochio'rinas Na'tricus,  Chlorure'turn  So'dii,
 So'dii  Clilo'ridiim, Common ealt, Sea salt, Rock
salt, Bay salt, White salt, Quadrichlo'ritret of So-
dium, Hi/tlrochlo'rate  of  protox'ide  of Sodium,
 Hydroch'lo'rate ofi Soda. Chloride ofi Sodium, (¥.)
 Chlorure de Sodium, Sel  niarin, Sel  de Cuisine. 
SODA                   846               SOLANOID
In an impure state, this salt  is one ofthe most
abundant of natural productions.  It is soluble in
3 parts of water, and is tonic,  purgative, and  an-
thelmintic.   Externally, stimulant.  It is  a well-
known  and  useful  culinary  substance.   It  has
been greatly  recommended as au antiperiodic in
tbe dose of Sjss or ^i.
   Soda, Nitrate of, Soda Nitras,  Natron  seu
Natrum  nilricum, Nitras na'tricus, Al'kali mine-
rale  nitra'tiini, Nitrum  Rhomboida'le seu cu'bi-
cnm, Nitras Natricum, Salpe'tra, Nitrate of pro-
tox'ide of So'di urn, Protonltrate ofi Sodium, Cubic
Nitre.   Its virtues are similar to those of  the ni-
trate of  potass, for which it has been substituted.
   Soda, Oxymuriate of, Soda, chloride of.
   Soda, Phosphate of,  S. Phosphora'ta, 'Soda
jrhos'phas, Phosphas Na'tricum, Natrum Oxphos-
phoro'des, Sal mirab'ile prerla'tnm, Alkali mine-
rale phosjjhora'tum, Subphosphate of protox'ide
of Sodium, Subprotophosprhate  ofi Sodium, Sub-
jihos'jthate ofi Soda, Triba'sic phosjjhate ofi Soda,
 Tasteless purging salt, (¥.) Phosphate de  Sonde,
Sel admirable perli.  (Bone  burnt to whiteness
and powdered,  tbx; Sulphuric acid, lb vj ; Car-
bonate ofi soda, q. s.  Mjx the bone  with  the
acid  in  a covered vessel, add a gallon of water,
and  stir.  Digest for  three  days, occasionally
adding a little water to that lost by evaporation,
and  frequently stirring  the  mixture.   Pour in
now a gallon  of boiling water, and strain through
linen, gradually adding more  boiling water, until
the liquor passes nearly tasteless. Set tbe strained
liquor by, that the dregs ma}' subside ; from which
pour off  the clear solution, and boil down to a gal-
lon.  To this solution, poured off from the dregs
and heated in an iron vessel, add by degrees  the
carbonate of soda  previously  dissolved  in  hot
water, until  effervescence  ceases,  and the phos-
phoric acid is completely neutralized; then filter
the liquor, and set it aside to crystallize. Having
removed the  crystals, add, if necessary, a small
quantity of carbonate of soda to the liquor, so as
to render it  slightly  alkaline; then alternately
evaporate and crystallize so long as crystals  are
produced. Lastly, preserve the crystals in a well
stopped  bottle.—Ph. U. S.) Cathartic, in the dose
of from  ^ss to t^j.
   Soda, Phosphate of, tribasic, S. Phosphate
of—s. Powders, see Powders, Soda—s.  Springs,
see Water, Mineral  (gaseous).
   Soda, Subcarb'onate  of,  Soda Subcarbonas,
S. Carbonas   (Ph. U.  S.), Natron prapara'turn,
Sal Soda, S. alkali, Flos Salis, Sagi'men Vitri,
Salt  ofi  Soda or ofi Barilla, Subcarbonate  ofi pro-
tox'ide  ofi Sodium,  Mejrhite ofi Soda, (¥.) Sous-
carbonate de Soude.  The impure carbonate, dis-
solved in  water;  the  solution filtered and crys-
tallized.   Soluble in two  parts of water  at 60°.
It is much used as an antacid ; and also as a deob-
struent in scrofulous and other affections.  Dose,
gr. x to  3ss.
   The dried.  Subcar'bonate ofi Soda, Soda Siib-
car'bonas  exsicca'ta, Soda  carbonas exsicca'tus,
(Ph.  U.  S.) Carbonas Soda sicca'tum, (¥.) Sous-
ctrbonate  de  Soude dessichi,  is employed as an
antacid  and lithontriptic.  Dose, gr. x to  xv.
   Soda, Subphosphate of, S. phosphate of.
   Soda, Sulphate of, Soda  Sulphas,  Natron
ritriola'tum,  Sal cathar'ticus seu mirab'ilis Glau-
be'ri, Al'cali minerals sulphu'ricum, Natrum sul-
phu'ricum, Soda vitrioltlta,  Suljthas na'tricus,
Ape'rient Salt ofi Frederick, Glauber's Salts, (¥.)
Sulfate  de Sonde.   Obtained  from the salt  that
remains after the distillation of muriatic acid;
the superabundant acid being saturated with  sub-
carbonate of soda.  It is  soluble in three parts
of water at 60° ; is purgative,  and, in small doses,
diuretic.  Dose, 5v.i to 3X-
   The Lymington Glauber's Salts is a  Sulphate
of Magnesia  and Soda, and is obtained from tho
mother liquor of sea-water, or by dissolving Ep-
som salt in a solution of Glauber's salt.
  Soda,  Tartrate of,  Tartrate ofi jrotass and
Sofia,  Tar'tarised Soda,  Rochelle  or  Seignette's
Salt, Soda Tartariza'ta, Sal Rupellen'siH seu Po-
lychres'tum Seiguet'ti sen  Seignetti,  Natron tarta-
riza'tum, Tartris potas'sa et  Soda, Soda et Po-
tas'sa  Tartras  (Ph.  U. S.),  Soda Jrotassio-tar-
tras, Tartras Potas'sa et Soda,(¥.) Tartrate de jio-
tasse et de Soude.  (Soda  carb. Ibi;  jintass. biltirt.
in  pulv. ^xvj,  Aq.  bullient.  Ov.  Dissolve the
carbonate  in water;  and  add, gradually, the
bitartrate.  Filter the solution and crystallize.—
Ph.  U. S.)  It is a gentle  cathartic.  Dose, Jss
to .?j.
  Soda, Urate of, Urate  of Soda — s.  Vitrio-
lata, S. sulphate of.
  Soda Water, Acidulous water, simple.
  Soda  and  Silver, Hyposulphite  of, Sodai
et Argenti Hyposulphis.
  Soda; Acetas, Soda, acetate of—s. Arsenias,
Arseniate of soda—s. Biboras, Borax—s. Bicar-
bonas, Soda, carbonate  of—s. Boras, Borax — s.
Boras alcalescens, Borax—s. Boras supersaturus,
Borax — s. Carbonas, Soda — s.  Carbonas, Soda,
subcarbonate  of—s.  Carbonas  cxsiccatus, see
Soda,  subcarbonate  of—s.  Carbonas  impurus,
Soda — s. Chloras, Soda,  chlorate of — s. Hypo-
sulphis, Hyposulphite of soda — s. Murias, Soda,
muriate  of—s. Nitras, Soda, nitrate of—s. Phos-
phas, Soda, phosphate of—s.  et Potassae tartras,
Soda, tartrate of—s. Potassio-tartras, Soda, tar-
trate of—s. Subboras, Borax — s. Subcarbonas
impura, Soda.
  Sodje et Argen'ti Hyposulph'is, Hyposulpll-
ite  ofi  soda  and  silver,  (¥.) Hyjtosulphite de
Soude et d'Ar-gent. This salt is formed by pouring
a solution of hyposuljthite of soda over oxide of
silver recently precipitated by jtotassa, until the
oxide is entirely dissolved.  Crystals are afforded
by evaporation.   A solution of it is used in the
same cases as one of the nitrate of  silver.
  SODII AURO-TERCHLORIDUM, see  Gold
— s. Chloridum, Soda, muriate of—s. Chlorure-
tum, Soda, muriate of.
  So'dii Iod'idum, I'odide of  so'dium.   This salt
has  been prescribed in  the  same cases as the
iodide of potassium.
  SO'DIUM, Na'trium, Natro'nium.  The metal-
lic basis  of soda.
  Sodium, Carbonate  of Protoxide of, Soda)
carbonas — s. Chloride  of, Soda, muriate of—«.
Chlorure de,  Soda, muriate of—s. Chlorure d'Ox-
ide  de, Soda, chloride  of—s. Protonitrate of,
Soda, nitrate of—s.  Protoxide of, Soda — s. Pro-
toxide  of, hydrochlorate of, Soda, muriate of—s.
Protoxide of, nitrate of, Soda, nitrate of—s. Pro-
toxide  of, phosphate  of, Soda, phosphate of—s.
Protoxide of, subcarbonate of,  Soda, subcarbonate
of—s.  Quadri-chloruret of, Soda,  muriate of —
s. Subborate of protoxide of, Borax—s. Subproto-
borate of, Borax—s. Subprotophosphate of, Soda,
phosphate of.
  SODOMA GALLORUM,  Syphilis.
  SODOMIA, Buggery.
  SODOMY, Buggery.
  SOFTENING, Mollities.
  SOI-POUR-SOI, Homoeozygy.
  SOIE, Sericum.
  SO IF, Thirst  — s. Excessive, Polydipsia.
  SOL, Gold.
  SOL-LUNAR, Sol-luna'ris;  from sol, 'the
sun,' and luna, ' the  moon.'   An epithet  applied
to a fancied influence exerted  by  the sun and
moon on man in a state of health and disease.
  SOLAMEN  INTESTINORUM,  Pimpinella
anisum—s. Scabiosorum, Fumaria.
  SOL'ANOID, Solano'i'des;  a hybrid word, from 
SOLANUM
84
SOLIDAGO
solanum, 'the potato,' and  etSos, 'resemblance.'!
Resembling a potato ; potato-like.  An epithet
applied to a form of cancer, which appears to be
intermediate between scirrhus and encephaloid,
increasing more rapidly than the former, yet ap-
proaching it in firmness.
  SOLA'NUM, »S'. nigrum seu culga're seu vulga'-
tiim, Common or Garden Nightshade, (¥.) Morelle
a fruit noir.  Family,  Solanaceae.   Sex. Syst.
Pentandria Monogynia.  A narcotic poison.  The
Huile  de Morelle is  made, by macerating in  oil,
for  several days, the leaves and fruit of this plant.
The oil is anodyne and discutient.
  Solanum Carolinen'se,  Horse  nettle;  indi-
genous.  The juice of the berries has  been em-
ployed successfully in idiopathic tetanus. [?]
  Solanum Dulcama'ra, S. scandens seu ligno'-
eum, Dulcamara, D.ftexuo'sa, Glycipi'cros, Ama'-
ra  dulcis, Trpvxvos of Tbeophrastus, Bittersweet,
 Woody Nightshade, Bittersweet Nightshade, Bit-
tersweet  Vine, Nightshade  Vine, Violet bloom,
(F.) Douce-umh-e, Morelle grimpante,  Vigne  de
.Indie.  The taste of the  stalks is bitter, followed
by  sweetness ; hence its name. It has been used
in  many  diseases, as  a  diuretic  and  sudorific,
especially in chronic rheumatism, humoral asth-
ma, dropsy, various  skin diseases, scrofula, and
jaundice.   Dose, in powder, Qj to gj.
  Solanum Esculentum, S. tuberosum—s. Fce-
tidum, Datura stramonium—s. Furiosum, Atropa
belladonna—s.  Hortense nigrum, Atropa bella-
donna—s. Humboldtii, S. Lycopersicum—s. Le-
thale,  Atropa belladonna — s. Lignosum, S. dul-
camara.
  Solanum Lycoper'sicum; Lycoper''si'con escu-
lent'um, L. pomum amo'ris  seu Humbold'tii  seu
jrseudolycoper'sicum, Malum lycoper'sicum, Love-
apple plant.   The fruit  of this, called  Toma'ta,
Toma'to or  Love-apple, (¥.) Pomme d'Amour, is
much  eaten in the United States; and, with the
French, Spaniards, Portuguese, Ac, forms an  es-
teemed sauce.
  Solanum Magnum Virginianum Rubrum, Phy-
tolacca decandra — s. Maniacum, Atropa bella-
donna, Datura stramonium — s. Melanocerasus,
Atropa belladonna.
  Solanum  Melon'gena, Melongena, Egg-plant,
Mud Ajrjtle plant; (¥.) Aubergine.  A  native of
Asia, Africa,  and America.  Its oblong, egg-
shaped fruit, Ponum Melon'gena, Malum  insa'num,
is prepared  in soups and sauces  in those coun-
tries, like  the tomata.
  Solanum Nigrum, Solanum.
  Solanum Niv'eum.  A South African plant,
the leaves of which, applied to  foul ulcers, cleanse
them.   The fresh juice of the  berries and leaves,
made into an  ointment with lard or fat, is used
by the farmers for the same purpose.
  Solanum   Parmenterii,   S.   tuberosum — s.
Pseudolycopersicum, S.  Lycopersicum — s. Qua-
drifolium, Paris — s.  Racemosum Americanum,
Phytolacca decandra.
  Solanum   Sanctum;   Paleetine Nightshade.
The fruit of this is globular, and is much eaten
in the  countries where it  is a native.
  Solanum Scandens, S. Dulcamara.
  Solanum Tubero'sum, S. esculen'tum  seu Par-
mente'rii,  Lycojrcr'sicitm  tubero'sum, Papas Ame-
rica'nus, Papjrns America'mis, America'num Tu-
bero'sum,  Batta'ta   Virginia'na,  Bata'tas;  the
Pota'to, (¥.) Pomme  de Terre.  A native of Peru.
A nutritious  and wholesome vegetable: one  of
the  most useful, indeed,  that  exists.   One hun-
dred pounds  of  potatoes  afford ten  pounds  of
starch, which is equal to arrow-root, as a nutrient
and  demulcent.  It is  called Potato Flour,  P.
Starch, French Sago, Petit Saguc, Common .4r?-oic-
root, Ao.
  Solanum Urens, Capsicum annuum—s. Vesi-
cariutn, Physalis.
  Solanum Virginia'num ;  indigenous;  is said
to resemble Solanum nigrum in its properties.
  Solanum Vulgare, Solanum.
  SOLAR,  Sola'ris,  from  sol, aolis, 'the sun.
Relating to the sun ; having rays like the sun.
  Solar Plexus, Plexus sola'ris, Centrum com-
mit'ne, Cer'ebrum  abdomina'le.  A  collection of
ganglions and filaments, interweaving nnd anas-
tomosing with each other repeatedly, and belong-
ing to the system of the great sympathetic. This
vast plexus, lying  on  the vertebral column, tbe
aorta, and  the pillars of the diaphragm, has  a
very  irregular shape.  The  ganglions and  fila-
ments composing it are soft, reddish, and almost
all issue from the  semilunar ganglions.  It re-
ceives, also, branches  from  the pneumogastrics.
It seems to be chiefly intended for the aorta, and
accompanies all its branches ; furnishing many
secondary plexuses, which are called the infra-
diaphragmatic,  cceliac,  superior mesenteric, in-
ferior mesenteric, renal or  emulgent, spermatic,
Ac.
  SOLDANELLA, Convolvulus soldanella.
  SOLDIER'S WEED, Matico.
  SOLE, Solum, S. pedis, Solea, Basis cor'jroris,
Ichnus,  Superfic"ies  planta'ris pedis,  Petlnn,
Vestitfium, Pe'dion,  Peza,  Pelrna, Planta'ris
superficies  pedis,  Fa'cies conca'va  seu  infie'rior
seu Planum seu Concavum  seu Pars inferior seu
Planil'iea  seu Planta seu Vola pedis, (¥.) Plante
du Pied.   The sole of the foot;  the under sur-
face  of the foot.
  SOLEA,  Sole — s. Ipecacuanha,  see  Ipecacu-
anha.
  SOLE AIRE, Soleus.
  SOLEN, Cradle, see Vertebral column.
  SOLENA'RIUM, from aorXnv, ' a canal, a pipe.'
An instrument of surgery, representing a kind of
gutter, in  the  cavity  of which  the penis was
placed, like a limb in a cradle.  The word Solen
itself—oorXnv, Cana'lis — was used, in antiquity,
for a grooved channel  or cradle, in which a frac-
tured limb  was placed.
  SOLE NO STEM MA ARGEL, Cynanchum
oleaefolium.
  SOLE'US, Gastrocne'mius inter'nus, Tibiocal-
canien, (Ch.;) (F.) So/eaire, from solea, 'a sole
of a shoe,'  owing to its shape.  A muscle situate
at the posterior part of the leg.  It is broad, flat,
and  almost  oval; and  is attached, above, to  tbe
posterior edge of the fibula, to the oblique line on
the  posterior surface, and to  the inner edge of tbe
tibia.  It terminates,  below, by  a large tendon,
which unites  to  that  of the gastrocnemius  ex-
ternus, to form the tendo Achillis.  This muscle
extends the foot on the leg,  and conversely.
  SOLID,  Solidus, Ste'reos,  from   solum, 'the
ground.'   A body whose integrant molecules aro
so united by the force of cohesion, that they will
not separate by their own weight.  The solids, in
the  human  body, are  the bones, cartilages,  ten-
dons, muscles, ligaments, arteries, veins, nerves,
membraues, skin, Ac.  The anatomy, or rather
study of the  solids,  is called  Stereol'ogy, from
arepeos, 'solid,' and Xoyos, 'a discourse.'
  SOLIDA'GO,  from  solido, 'I make  firm,' in
allusion to  its properties as a vulnerary.  See
Solidago vigaurea.
  Solidago Saracenica, S.  virgaurea,
  Soi.IDA'GO RlG"lDA, Rigid Goldenrod,  Bones'
styptic; indigenous;  of  the Composite family,
flowering in August and September; is astringent
and tonic.
  Solida'go VlRGAU'REA, S. vulga'ris seu Sara-
cen'ica,  Virga aurea, Herba  do'rea, Cony'za coma
aurea, Sym'phytum  Petra'itm, Eti'chrysum, Con-
solida,  Saracen'ica,   Golden rod,   (F.)  Verge 
SOLIDISM
848
SOLVENT
d'or,  Herbe des juifis.   The leaves of Solid,Iga
odo'ra—Solida'go (Ph.  U. S.)—Fragrant  or
Sweetsccntctl Golden-rod—and the flowers have
been  recommended as  aperients  and tonics,  in
urinary diseases, and in internal hemorrhage.
   Solidago Vulgaris,  S. virgaurea.
   SOLTDISM, Patholoc/'ia solida'ris.  The doc-
trine  of those physicians who refer all diseases to
alterations of the solid parts of the body.   To the
believers in this doctrine,  the  appellation  Solid-
ists has been given.  The solidists think that the
solids alone are endowed  with vital properties;
that  they  alone  can  receive  the impression  of
morbific agents, and be the seat  of pathological
phenomena,   Solidism has  been  the  prevalent
doctrine.  It is scarcely necessary to say, that in
all our investigations, the condition of both solids
and fluids  must be regarded.
   SOLIUM, Baignoire, Taenia solium.
   SOLUBIL'ITY,  Solubilitas, frora solvere, so-
lutum, 'to dissolve.'  That property of a body by
virtue  of  which  it can be dissolved in a men-
struum.
table of  the  solubility of some  substances
                    in water.
names op salts.
           Acids.
Benzoic.......................
Citric...'.......................
Oxalic...........................
Tartaric........................
           Salts.
Acetate of Potassa........

Bitartrate of Potassa.....
Borate of Soda..............
Carbonate of Ammonia.
-----------Magnesia.,
------------ Potassa....
------------Soda........
Chlorate of  Potassa.......
----------Soda...........
Chloride of Calcium......
---------Magnesium.
---------Potassium...
----------Sodium......
Muriate of Ammonia....
Nitrate of Potassa........
--------- Soda.............
Phosphate of Soda.......
Sulphate of Ammonia.
----------Copper.....
          Iron.
----------Magnesia..............
---------- Potassa................
----------Soda....................
Supersulphate of Potassa........
Tartrate of Potassa.................
----------Potassa and Soda...
----------Antimony & Soda...
Solubility in 100
  parts water.
at 60°    at212°
   0-208
  133
   50
very soluble

  100
   35
   1-5
   8-4
   50
   2
   25
   50
   6
   35
  200
  100
   33
   35-42
   33
   14-25
   33
   25
   50
   25
   50
  100
    6-25
   37
    5-0
   25
   20
 4-17
200
100
 3-3
16-8
 36-16
100
100
100
 50
100
 50
100
133
 20
125
100
33
   SOLUM, Sole—s. Pedis, Metatarsus, Sole.
   SOLUTE,  Solution.
   SOLUTIO,  Solution—s. Alexiteria Gaubiana,
see  Disinfection — s.  Ammoniae  subcarbonatis,
Liquor ammoniae  subcarbonatis — s. Arsenicalis,
Liquor arsenicalis—s. Arsenicata, Liquor arseni-
calis—s. Arsenitis kalicae, Liquor arsenicalis — s.
Calcis,  Liquor  calcis—s.  Camphorae aetherea,
Tinctura  aetherea camphorata—s.  Camphorae
oleosa, Linimentum camphorae — s. Continui, So-
lution  of continuity—s.  Cupri ammoniati, Liquor
Cupri ammoniati — s. Ferri nitratis, Liquor  Ferri
nitratis—s. Guaiaci gummosa, Mistura guaiaci—s.
Muriatis barytae, Baryta, muriate of—s. Muriatis
ratcis,  see Calcis murias—s. Muriatis ferrici aethe-
rea,  Tinctura seu alcohol sulfurico-aethereus ferri
— s. Muriatis hydrargyri  oxygenati. Liquor hy-
drargyri oxymuriatis—s. Potassii iodidi iodureta,
Liquor iodiui   compositus—s. Resina?  guaiaci
aquosn, Mistura guninci — s. Solventis Mineralis,
Liquor Arsenici chloridi — s. Subcarbonatis am-
moniaci spirituosa, Spiritus ammoniae.
  Soi.utio Sulpha'tis Cupri  Compos'ita, Aqua
vitriolica  cant'tea, Sydenham's  Styptic  Water,
(Sidjih. cujtri,  ^iij, alum., acid,  sulph., aa 5ij,
aqua, ,^viij : dissolve,  and filter.)  A styptic, and,
largely diluted, an astringent collyrium.
  SOLU'TION, Sohltio, Lysis, (¥.)  Dissolution,
from solvere, eolutum, 'to dissolve.' ' An operation
which  consists  in dissolving a solid body in a men-
struum.   Likewise,the product of such operation
— So/u'tum,  (¥.) Soluti.   It  means,  also, with
many, the termination of a disease :—with others,
a termination  accompanied by critical signs; —
and, with others, again, it is synonymous with
crisis.
  Solution  of  Acetate  of Ammonia,  Liquor
ammoniae  acetatis —  s. of Acetate  of morphia,
Liquor morphiae acetatis — s. Alkaline, see Fuli-
gokali—s. of Alkaline iron, Liquor ferri alkalini
— s. of Alum, compound, Liquor aluminis com-
positus—s. of subcarbonate of Ammonia, Liquor
ammoniae  subcarbonatis—s. of Ammoniated cop-
per, Liquor cupri ammoniati-—s. Arsenical, Liquor
arsenicalis — s. Arsenical, De Valangin's, Liquor
Arsenici chloridi—s. of Carbonate of Soda, Liquor
sodae  carbonatis — s.  of Charcoal,  concentrated,
see  Tinctura  catechu — s. of Chlorinated soda,
Liquor sodae chlorinatae—s. of Chloride of Arse-
nic, Liquor Arsenici chloridi — s. of  Chloride of
Zinc, see Burnett's disinfecting liquid — s. of Ci-
trate of Ammonia, Liquor  ammoniae  citratis — s.
of Citrate of Magnesia, see Magnesiae citras — s.
of Citrate  of Potassa, Liquor potassae  citratis — s,
of  Continuity,  see  Continuity — s.  of Corrosive
sublimate,  Liquor  hydrargyri oxymuriatis — s.
De Valangin's, Liquor arsenici chloridi—s. Don-
ovan's, see Arsenic and  Mercury, Iodide of—s.
Fowler's,  Liquor arsenicalis — s. Gannal's, see
Aluminae sulphas — s. of Gutta  percha in Chlo-
roform, see Gutta percha—s. Heinecke's, see Ar-
seniate of Soda.
  Solution, Goadby's, called after the proposer,
is made  of bay salt, corrosive sublimate or arse-
nious  acid, and water.  It is employed  to pre-
serve animal substances.
  Solution  of Hydriodate of  Potass, Liquor
potassae hydriodatis—s. of Iodide of iron, Liquor
ferri iodidi — s. of Iodine, compound, Liquor  io-
dinii compositus — s.  of Iron,  nitrated,  Liquor
ferri nitratis — s. Labarraque's, Eau de jarelle —
s.  of  Lime, Liquor calcis — s. Lugol's,  Liquor
iodinii compositus — s.  of  Magnesia,  condensed,
Magnesia, fluid — s. of Monro, Liquor of  Monro
—  s. of Nitrate of iron, Liquor ferri  nitratis — s.
of  Oxymuriate  of  mercury, Liquor  hydrargyri
oxymuriatis—s. Par les huiles, Olea medicinalia
—s. Pearson's, see Arseniate of soda—s. Plenck's,
see Hydrargyri oxydum cinereum—s. de Potasse,
Liquor potassae — s.  of Potassa,  Liquor potassa'
—s. of Sesquinitrate  of iron, Liquor ferri nitratis
— s. of  Soda,  Liquor sodae— s. of  Subacetate  of
lead, Liquor plumbi subacetatis—s. of Subacetate
of  lead, diluted, Liquor plumbi subacetatis dilu-
 tus—s. of Subcarbonate of potass,  Liquor potas-
 sa? subcarbonatis—s.  of Sulphate of morphia,  Li-
quor morphiae sulphatis — s. of  Tartarized anti-
 mony, Vinum antimonii tartarizati — s. of Tern i-
 trate of sesquioxide of iron, Liquor ferri nitratis
— s. of  Van Swieten, Liquor hydrargyri cxymu-
riatis.
   SOLUTIVUS, Laxative.
   SOLUTUM, Solution.
   SOLVENS,  Solvent — s. Minerale, Liquor ar-
senicalis.
   SOLVENT, Solvens, (¥.) Fondant, from solrere,
 'to dissolve.'   A medicine supposed to possess
 the property of dissolving or removing obfctruc- 
SOMA
849
SONDE
tions and extraneous  substances.  Thus we have
solvents of the  stone  in the bladder, Ac.  See
Dissolventia.
  Solvent, Mineral, Liquor arsenicalis.
  SO,MA, Body, Corpus.
  SOMASCETICS, Gymnastics.
  SOMA SUE TIQ UE, Gymnastics.
  SOMAT'IC,  Somat'icus;  from awpa, atoparos,
 'the body.'  That which concerns the body;—as
 somatic death, or death of the body, in contra-
 distinction to molecular death  or the  death of a
 part.
  SOMATODYM'IA, from  eorua, ootparos, 'the
 body,' and ivor, 'I enter into.'  A double  mon-
 strosity in which the trunks  are united.   Of this,
 there  are  several\ varieties  :— Vertcbrodynlia,
 where the union is by the vertebrae ; lschiodym'ia,
 by  the ossa ischii; Sternodym'ia, by the sternum ;
 Supraomphalodym'ia, (¥.) Siis-omphalodymie, by
 the super-umbiiical regions ; Supra et infira-om-
 jtlialodymia,  by the  superior and  inferior um-
 bilical regions; and Sterno-omphalodym'ia, where
 the union is  by both  the sternal and the umbili-
 cal regions.—Cruveilhier.
   SOMATOL'OGY,  Somatolor/'ia,  from  aotpa,
 owparos, 'the body,' and Xoyos, 'a discourse.'   A
 treatise on the human body.   Anatomy.
  SOMATOTOMY, Anatomy.
   SOMMEIL, Sleep.
   SO.MNAMBULATION, Somnambulism.
   SO.MNAM'BULISM, Somnambula'tio, Hypna-
 bate'sis, Hypnobata'sis, Hypnobtltia. Hypnobail'-
 isis,  Rhemlias'rnus,  Lnnatis'rnns, Hyjrnonergla,
 Selenogtlmia, Nyrtobate'sis,  Antonyctoba'tia, Se-
 leni'asis,  Selenias' mus,  Soinnambnlis'inus,  Nye-
 tob'asis, Noctambulu'tio, Noetambulis'mus,  Nyc-
 toba'dia,  Nyctoba'tia, Sipllita,  Sypllila, Paro-
 ni'ria  am'bulans,  Noctisur'giitm,  Oneirodynia
 acti'va, Cenosjtildia,  Somno-vigil, Soriinambttla'-
 tion,  Sleep-walking,  frora sornmis,  'sleep,' and
 ambulare,  'to  walk.'   A condition  ofthe  brain
 which occasions the individual to execute, during
 sleep,  some of those actions  that commonly take
 place when awake. It  has been imagined that the
 somnambulist is guided solely by his subjective
 sensations ; but there are many facts which induce
 the belief that the external senses are  not always
 entirely suspended.   The  causes of somnambu-
 lism are very obscure;  and the principal indica-
 tion of treatment is, — so to  arrange the bed-
 chamber ofthe somnambulist, that he  cannot get
 out of it during sleep; and to avoid suppers,  as
 weTl as all bodily  and  mental excitement.
  Somnambulism, Magnkt'ic,  Mhsmeric, or Ar-
 tificial, Soninambulis'mus artificial is, Cataph'-
 ora magnet'ica, Somnip'athy, is that peculiar con-
 dition, into which individuals are thrown by the
 Animal Mugnetizer.   It occurs only in  those of
 weak  nervous  temperament;  in hysterical  fe-
 males, Ac.
  SOMNAMBULISMUS,   Somnambulism — s.
 Artificialis, Somnambulism, magnetic.
  SOMNAM'BULIST,  S„m„am'bulus, Hybnob'-
 ates, Hyjrnob'ates, Noctanlbulus, Lunat'icus, Noc-
 tam'bulo, Somnam'bulo.  A sleep-walker.
  SOMNAMBULIS'TIC.   Relating  or apper-
 taining to somnambulism, — as  the 'somnambu-
 listic state.'
  SOMNAMBULO,  Somnambulist.
  SO.MNIA'TIO, from somnium,  'a dream.' The
act  of dreaming.
  Somniatio Morbosa, Oneironosus—s. in Statu
vigili, Hallucination.
  SOMNIF'EROUS, Som'nifer% Sopor'ifier,  Hyp-
llolicus,  IIyi>iio/i,l''lts,  So/loratlvilS,  Soporific,
Soporif'erous, (F.) Assottpissant; an epithet for
a medicine  which causes sleep, from  sornmis,
'sleep,' and fero, 'I carry.'
      64
  SOMNIL'OQUIST; same etymon as the next.
One who talks in his sleep.
  SO.MNILO'QUIUM, Somniloquis'mus, SommT-
oquism, from somnus,  'sleep,' and  loquor,  'I
speak.'  Talking in the sleep.
  SOMNOPAT1IY, Somnambulism, magnetie.
  SOM'NIUM, Eny/,''nion, Insom'nium, a Dream,
(Sc.) Sueuin, Streviug, Suevynyug, Swenyng, (¥.)
Reve,  Songe. A  confused  assemblage, or acci-
dental and involuntary  combination of  ideas and
images, which present themselves to  the mind
during  sleep.  Dr. S.  Mitchell, of New  York,
used the word Somnium to  signify the state be-
tween sleeping  and waking, in which persons
perform acts of which they are unconscious.
  For 'waking dreams,' see Hallucination.
  Those distressing dreams  which occur during
a state of half sleep, are called, by the French,
Rivasseries.
  SOMNO-VTCIL, Somnambulism.
  SOM'NOLENCY, Somnolen'tia, Hypnasthe'sis,
Hyjruo'dia,  Dorrnita'tio,  Cants Lethar'gus  G'u-
tajrllora,Cataphora,Coma Somnolen'tum, Caro'sis,
Slumber,  Heaviness,  (¥.) Assoupissemeut; from
somnns, 'sleep.'   Sleepiness.   Also a state inter-
mediate between  sleeping and waking.  It is often
a symptom of disease.
  SOMNUS, Sleep.
  SOMPNUS, Sleep.
  SOX, Furfur, Sound.
  SONCIIUS, ooyxos, S. Olera'ceus, Hiera'cium
olera'cetim, Cicer'bitu, Sow Thistle, Swine-thistle,
(¥.) Laiteron doux.  Ord. Cichoraceas.  Most of
the species of Sonchus abound with a milky juice,
which is very bitter, and said to possess diuretic
virtues.
  Sonchus   Floridanus,  Mulgedium  Florida-
num.
  SOXDE, Sound, Specillum — s. Cannelie, Di-
rector.
  SONDE D'ANEL.  A very fine stylet of sil-
ver, awl-shaped  at one end.  It is used for pro-
bing the  lachrymal passages through the punc-
tum lacrymale.
  SONDE DE  BELLOC.   An instrument in-
vented by Belloc for plugging the nasal  fossae,
in cases of hemorrhage.  It consists of a  curved
silver canula, open at both ends,  and  furnished
with a button. The instrument is passed through
the  nares to the throat;  and a plug is attached
to  the button, so that, when the instrument is
drawn forwards  through  the nose, the posterior
nostril is stopped.
  SONDE BRISEE (¥.), Eyed probe.  A long,
straight stylet, composed of two parts, which may
be screwed to each other; blunt at one end, and
furnished at  the other with an eye, so that it may
be used either as a probe  for punctured wounds,
or for a seton needle.
  SONDE A CONDUCTEUR (¥.).   A modifi-
cation ofthe ordinary catheter;—to facilitate tbe
changing  of catheters, without the fear of making
false passages.  It is a common catheter, open at
its  beak.   The  Stylet or Mandrin is  one half
longer than  that of the ordinary catheter.  To
use  the instrument, the stylet is pushed into the
cavity of the bladder through the catheter.  The
latter is then withdrawn  by slipping it over tbe
stylet, which is kept in its place, aDd serves as a
guide to a fresh catheter.
  SONDE A DARD, see Lithotomy (high ope-
ration).
  SONDE DE LAFOREST.  A small, crooked
canula, used for probing the nasal duct  from be-
low upwards, and for throwing injections into it.
  SONDE ou PINCE DE  HUNTER.   A cy-
lindrical silver canula;  of the size of a common
catheter;  open at both extremities, and contain- 
SONDE DE  VARECQ        850                SORREL
ing a wire of iron, one of the ends of which  is
split into two parts; each being terminated by a
small silver scoop, and separating from each other
by virtue of their elasticity,  when pushed out of
the canula, and again approximating when drawn
in.   It has  been  used for laying hold of small
calculi in the urethra.
  SONDE  DE VARECQ.  Soda.
  SOXGE, Somnium.
  SONITUS  AURIUM, Tinnitus  aurium — s.
Fluidi, Hygrechema — s. Hepatieus,  Hepateche-
ina — s.  Intestinalis, Enterechema — s.  Stoma-
chicus, Gasterechema.
  SONOROUS RHONCHUS, Rdle soiiore.
  SONUS, Sound — s. Vocis, Accent.
  SOOJA, see Dolichos.
  SOOJTE, BASTER'S, a farinaceous article of
diet, is said to consist of wheat flour sweetened
with sugar.
  SOOL, Gastroperiodynia.
  SOOT,  Fuligo —s.  Tea,  see Fuligokali — s.
Wart, Cancer, chimney-sweeper's.
  SOPHIA,  Sisymbrium sophia — s. Chirurgo-
rum, Sisymbrium sophia,
  SOPHISTICATION, Falsification.
   SOPHO'RA HEPTAPHYL'LA, Anticholer'-
ica.  Ord. Leguminosae. Sex.  Syst. Decandria
Monogynia.  The root and  seeds  of this shrub
are  intensely bitter, and are said to have been
found useful in cholera, colic, dysentery,  Ac.
  Sophora Tincto'ria, Baptis'ia seu  Podalyr'ia
Tincto'ria, Indigof era, Wild Indigo, Indigo Weed,
Broom, Indigo Broom,  Horsefly Weed,   Yellow
Broom, Clover Broom, Rattle Bush, Yellow Indigo.
An  American  plant, the taste  of  whose root is
unpleasant, sub-acrid,  and nauseous—very simi-
lar to that of ipecacuanha.  In a large dose,  the
bark of the root acts both as an emetic  and  ca-
thartic.  It has been  considered antiseptic  and
febrifuge, and has been used, in the form of fo-
mentation or cataplasm, in phagedenic and gan-
grenous ulcers.  A liniment,  prepared by simmer-
ing the  cortical part of the root in cream, has
been found an efficacious application to sore nip-
ples and to  ulcerated breasts.
  Baptis'ia Leucarllha, Tall white false  Indigo,
nn  indisrenous plant, has the same properties.
   SOPHRONIST,E DENTES, see Dentition.
   SOPHRONISTERES DENTES,  see  Denti-
tion.
   SOPHROSYNE, Temperance.
   SOPIENS, Paregoric.
   SOPIO, Opium.
   SOPOR.  A profound sleep,  from which  the
person  can be roused  with  difficulty.   It is a
symptom in many of the neuroses.
   Sopor Caroticus, Carus.
   SOPORARLE ARTERLE, Carotids.
   SOPORATIVUS, Somniferous.
   SO PORIFEROUS, Somniferous.
   SOPORIFIC, Somniferous.
   SO'POROUS,  So'porus, (¥.) Soporeux, from
sopor, 'sleep.'  Sleepy:  causing sleep.
   SORA, Essera.
   SORB  TREE, Sorbus domestica.
   SCRBASTRELLA,  Pimpinella saxifraga.
   SORBEFA'CIENT,  Sorbefa'ciens, from  sor-
bere, 'to suck in,' and facere,  'to  make.'   A
remedy that promotes  absorption.
   The following are the chief  sorbefacients  or
modifiers  of  nutritive  action — eutrophics : —
Acida Vegetabilia; Alkalia: Ammoniacum; Bro-
ininium;  Galbanum; Hydrargyri Praeparata;  Io-
dinium;  Liquor  Calcii chloridi; Spongia usta;
Compression,  (methodical;)  Friction ;   Mental
Sorbefacients, (Imagination, Emotions.)
   SO.RBETHUM. Scherbet.
   SORBETTUM, Scherbet.
   SORBET UM, Scherbet.
I   SORBIER  DES OISELEURS, Sorbus acu-
I paria.
   SORBITIO, Jus.
   Sorbitio Carnis seu  Ex  Cahne.  Broth  or
 soup made of meat.
   SORBITUM, Jus.
   SORBUM, see Sorbus domestica.
   SORBUS, Crahogus aria, S. domestica.
   Sorbus Acupa'ria  seu Aucupa'ria, Mcs'pilus,
 M. acnjta'ria,  Mountain Service, Mountain Ash,
 Quicken  tree,  Roan tree,  Witt-hen,  Witch  hazel,
 Witch  wood, (Sc.)  Roden tree, Roun tree, Rowan
 tree, Rone, (Prov.) Kcer, Rantree,  (¥.) Sorbicr
 des  Oiselenrs,  Frene sauvage.  Ord. Rosacea'.
 The berries — (Sc) Rodens — of this tree are em-
 ployed for similar purposes as the last.
   Sorbus Alpina, Crataegus aria.
   SORBUS America'na,  Pyrus Americana, Ame-
 rican Mountain Ash.  The bark resembles that
 of the  Wild Cherry, and might  be  used in tho
 same cases.
   Sorbus Aria, Crataegus aria—s. Aucuparia, S.
 acuparia — s. Cydonia, Pyrus cydonia.
   Sorbus Domes'tica, Sorbus, Pyrus domes'tica,
 Mes'jtilus domes'tica,  Oie, Service or Sorb  Tree,
 (¥.) Cormier.  Family,  Rosaceae.   Sex.  Syst.
 icosandria Trigynia.  The fruit of this tree, Sor-
 bitol, is astringent, and has been recommended in
 diarrhoea and dysentery.   It is given in the form
 of rob.   A kind of cider is made from it, and also
 brandy.
   Sorbus Malus, Pyrus malus.
   SORDES,  Rhypos, 'Filth.'  A  dirty-looking
 sanies, discharged from ulcers.  Also, accumula-
 tions of the secretions cf the mouth, on the teeth
 in adynamic fevers more especially, and of foul
 matters in the stomach—Sorites jrrimtlrum. via'-
 rum, Rhyjta'ria.   The French call  an ulcer, ex
 hibiting  such  an  appearance, sordid.  Also dirt
 of any kind.
   Sordes, Ichor,  Saburra — s. Acidae, Aciditiei
 — s. Aurium,  Cerumen — s.  Primaruin viarum
 Embarras gastriqne, see  Sordes—s. Ventris, Ex,
 crement.
   SORDICUL^E  AURIUM,  Cerumen.
   SORE, Ulcer.
   Sore,  Bay.  A disease which Mosely considers
 to be a true cancer.  It is endemic in  the Bay
 of Honduras.
   Sore Mouth, Stomatitis—s. Gangrenous, Can-
 cer aquaticus—s.  Throat, Cynanche—s. Throat,
 Clergyman's, Pharyngitis, follicular — s. Throat,
 inflammatory, Cynanche tonsillaris — s. Throat,
 putrid,  Cynanche  maligna—s. Throat,  tuber-
 cular, Pharyngitis, follicular—s. Throat, ulcerous,
 Cynanche maligna,
   SORENESS,  Sax. ror-p,  'vexed,  molested.'
 Parajr'sis acris teneritu do.  Painful uneasiness
 or tenderness, local or general, on being touched
 with a pressure that does not usually excite dis-
 tressing  feeling. Often, a febrile symptom.  Also,
 the tenderness of a wound, ulcer, Ac.
   SORGHUM, Panicum  Italicum.
   SOROCCO, Puna.
   SOROCHE, Puna.
   SORORIA'TIO, from  sorores, 'sisters,' soro-
 rio,  'to grow up or swell together.'  The  period
 at which the breasts of the female  become  deve-
 loped.   The act of becoming  thus developed.   A
 young maiden, whose mammae begin to show,
 — sororr'antes mamma — was formerly called soro-
 rians virgo. — Plautus.
   SORREL,  COMMON,  Rumex  acetosus —s.
 Field, Rumex acetosella—8. French, Rumex scu-
 tatus—s. Warden,  Rumex scutatus—s. Mountain,
 Oxalis acetosella, Oxyria reniformis — s. Salt of,
 Potass, oxalate of—s. Roman, Rumex scutatus—
 s. Sheep, Rumex  acetosella. 
SOSTRUM
851
SPACE
  Sorrel Trek, Andromeda arborea, A. mariana.
  Sorrel, Welsh, Oxyria reniformis—s. White,
Oxalis acetosella—8. Wood, Yellow, Oxalis strieta.
  SOSTRUM, Sotrum; from aw^eiv,  'to  save,'
atiirrip, 'a preserver.' A reward given to one who
saves the life of another.  A physician's fee or
honorarium, (¥.)  Honoraire.
  SOTERIA DOCTRINA, Medicina.
  SOTERLE AQUiE, Waters, mineral.
  SOTIREL'LA.   Ancient name of a medicine
composed of opium and other narcotics, nutmeg,
saffron, camphor  and soot.  It was used in  cer-
tain diseases of the teeth.
  SOTRUM, Sostrum.
  SOUBRESAUT, Subsultus tendinum.
  SOUCHERLOON, Bit noben.
  SOUCHET DES IXDES, Curcuma longa —
s. Odorant, Cyperus longus — s. Rond, Cyperus
rotundus.
  SOUCI, Calendula  officinalis,  Panophobia —
s. des Alpes, Arnica montana —«.  des Chamjts,
Calendula arvensis—s.  Ordinaire, Calendula offi-
cinalis.
  SOUDE, Soda — 8.  Acitate de,  Soda, acetate
of—s. Airi, Sodae carbonas •>—a. Borate de, Bo-
rax—8. Borate sursaturi de,  Borax—s. Carbonate
de, Sodas carbonas—s. Caustique, Soda, caustica
— s. d la Chaux, Soda  caustica — s. Chlorure de,
 Soda, chloride  of—s. du Commerce, Soda — s.
 Craijeuse, Sodae carbonas—s. Effervescente, Sodae
 carbonas — s. Hyjtosnlfile  de, Soda, hyposulphite
 of—s. Phosjthate de, Soda, phosphate of—*. et de
 Potasse, Tartrate de. Soda, tartrate  of—8. Pure,
 Soda caustica—s. Sousborate de,  Borax—s. Sous-
 carbonate de, Soda, subcarbonate of — s. Sulfate
 de, Soda, sulphate of.
   SO UFFL E, see Murmur,  respiratory — s.  Am-
 jrhorique, see  Cavernous  respiration — s. Bron-
 chique, see  Murmur, respiratory — s. Mitallique,
 see Cavernous respiration — s. Placentaire, Bruit
 placentaire—s. Traehial, see Murmur, respiratory
 —s. Tubaire, see Murmur, respiratory—s.  Utirin,
 Bruit placentaire—s. Voili, see Cavernous respi-
 ration.
   Souffle, Whispering.  A bellows' sound heard
 over solidified lung and  excavations when the
 patient whispers. — Flint.
   SOUFRE, Sulphur—s.  Carburi, Carbonis sul-
 phuretum — s. Iodure  de,  Sulphuris iodidum —a.
 Sttblimi, Sulphur sublimatum—a. Vigital, Lyco-
 podium.
   SOUILLURE, Pollution.
   SOULA'MEA  AMA'RA,  Rex amaro'rum.  A
 shrub of the Moluccas; Order, Polygalaceae ; all
 the parts of which are of great bitterness—"hor-
 rcuda amarities."  It  is employed by the Malays,
 and, it is said, with success  in cholera and pleu-
 risy : and as a febrifuge.
   SOUND,  Specillum, Stylus,  Explorato'rium,
 Radi'olus, (¥.) Sonde.  An instrument used by
 surgeons to discover whether there be a stone in
 the bladder.   It is usually made of highly po-
 lished steel, and  is shaped like the catheter.  The
 operation is termed sounding.
   The  French Sonde  has, however, a more ex-
 tensive signification.  It means  different  instru-
 ments introduced into cavities of certain  organs,
 or  into wounds, fistulas, Ac, to investigate  their
 condition, or to fulfil  some  therapeutical  indica-
 tion.  See Sonde.
   Soi'NO, Sonus,  Echos,  Noise.  (¥.)  Son, Bruit.
The sensation  produced on the auditory nerve by
the vibrations of a sonorous body.  Sounds  may
be  propagated in  three modes.  1.  By reciproca'-
tion or con'sonance, ns when a-sounding body, of
a definite pitch,  produces a. musical tone when
another body of  the same pitch is  sounded  near  j|
it.   2. By rcs'onance,  ns when a sounding body  |
is placed in connection with  another, one or more  ;i
of whose parts maybe thrown into reciprocal vi-
bration ;  and 3. By conduction, as where  the vi-
brations  are  transmitted through fluid, liquid, or
solid media.
  Sound, Catheterize,  Syncope,  S.  Auricular,
Apyromele—s. Bellows, friction, rasp, saw, lancet,
Ac, see Bruit—s. Cracked pot, Bruit de pot fieli
— s. Crumpling, pulmonary, Froieaement  piilmo-
naire— s. Laryngeal, Laryngeche.
  SOUND, U'terine, U'terine  bougie,  (¥.)  Sonde
utirine.  An instrument, somewhat similar to a
small male  catheter, to be introduced into the
cavity of the uterus, in the  diagnosis  of diseases
of that  viscus.  When  notched on the  stem,  it
enables the size of the  uterine  cavity to be ap-
preciated, and becomes a good hysterom'eter.
  SOUNDING, Searching,  see Sound.
  SOUNDNESS OF MIND, Sanity.
  SOUPIR, Sigh.
  SOUR BERRY, see Oxycantha Galeni, Vacci-
nium oxycoccos — s.  Dock, boreal, Oxyria reni-
formis— s.  Leaf,  Andromeda arborea—s. Tree
Andromeda  arborea — s. Wood,  Andromeda ar-
borea.
   SOURCIL, Supercilium.
   SOURC1LIER, Corrugator supercilii. Super-
ciliary.
   SOURD,  Deaf.
  SOURDS-MUETS, see Mutitas surdorum.
   SOUR-MILK, Buttermilk.
   SOUR-SOP, Bromelia ananas.
   SOURWOOD, Andromeda mariana.
   SOUS-ACROMIO-CLA VI-HUMERAL, Del-
toid— s. Atldidien, Subatloidaeus — s. Axdidien,
Subaxoidaeus—s.  Azotate de Hi am nth, Bismuth,
subnitrate of—s. Clavier, Subclavius—s.  Costaux,
Intercostal—s. Cutani, Subcutaneous—s. Epi-
neux, Infra-spinatus—s. Lingual, Sub-lingual—*.
Mammaire, Submammary — a. Maxillaire, Sub-
maxillary-— a. Maxillo-Lnbial, Depressor anguli
oris—8.  Mental, Submental—s. Mitacarjro-latiri-
 phalangien,  Prior  annularis — s. Opticosjthino-
sclirotic.ien,  Rectus inferior oculi — s. Orbitaire,
 Suborbitar — s. Pubio-coccygien, Levator ani—8.
Pubio-creti-tibial,  Gracilis — s.  Pubio-pritibial,
 Gracilis—s.  Pubio-trochantirien-externe,  Obtura-
 tor externus—s. Pubio-trochantirien-interne, Ob-
 turator internus—s. Scapulaire, Subseapularis—».
 Sea/itilo-trochinien, Subseapularis—s. Sets,  see
 Salt.
   SOUTH  CAROLINA. MINERAL WATERS
 OF.  Glenn's  Springs,  in Spartanburg  District,
 are highly charged with salts of lime,  and, not
far from them, is  a chalj'beate.   West's  Spring,
 and Chick's Springs, a few miles from Greenville,
resemble Glenn's Springs.
   SOUTHERNWOOD,  Artemisia abrotanum —
 s. Field, Artemisia campestris — s. Maritime, Ar-
 temisia  maritima—s. Tartarian, Artemisia santo-
 nica.
   SOWBREAD, Arthanita, Cyclamen.
   SOWEXS. Flummery.
   SOY.  see Dolichos soja.
   SOYMIDA FEBRIFUGA, Swietenia febrifuga.
   SPA,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.   A  '.own
 seven leagues southeast of Liege, where there
are several springs, possessing a sharp acidulous
taste; containing much carbonic acid, carbonates
of iron,  lime, and  magnesia; carbonate of soda,
and chloride of sodium.  The water is much used
as  a tonic.
   Spa Water, Artificial.  Soda subcarb., gr.
vij ; magnesia carbon.,'^]:  limat. ferri., gr. iij;
sodii chlorid.,  gr. j : aqua,  Oiij.   Impregnate
 with  gas from marble jtoioder and sulph. acid.,
aa J} x.
   SPATE,  INTERPEDUNCULAR,  see Inter-
 peduncular— s. Perforated, anterior, Locus  per- 
SPADE-BONE
852
SPASM
foratus  anticus—s.  Perforated,  posterior,  see
Tarini pons.
  SPADE-BONE, Scapula.
  SPADO, Castratus, Eunuch, Spasm.
  SPAGYRIA, Chymistry.
  SPAG"YRISTS, from axaot, 'I separate,'  and
lyetpur, ' I assemble ;'  because they reduced com-
pounds into elements, and formed the latter  into
compounds  [?].  A sect of physicians, who  pre-
tended to account for the changes that  occur in
t he human body in health and disease, in the same
manner as the chymists of their day explained
those of  the inorganic kingdom.   Medicina  T'a-
racelcis'tica seu  Spagyr'ica, was likewise  called
Hermelica,  because  it  was  believed that  the
means of cure adopted in it had been found in
the books of Hermes.
  SPAIG, Skeleton.
  SPAN^E'MIA, from  onavos,  'poor,' and 'aipa,
'blood.'   Poverty of the blood.   Diminution in
the quantity of fibrin and red corpuscles  of the
blood,—as  where bleeding has been carried be-
yond certain limits. — Simon.
  SPAN.E'MIC, Spana'micum (remedium), Dys-
plas'ticttm,  Plttstilylicum  et  erethilylicnm,  Ha-
laatolyt'icum,  Dyscraslacum.  Same etymon as
the last.   Relating to spanaemia.
  A  medicine whose  protracted use is said to
impoverish  the blood, — as iodine, bromine, Ac.
  SPANDARAPUM, Sparadrapum.
  SPANINO.  Weaning.
  SPANISH  FLY, Cantharis—s. Juice, Extrac-
tum glycyrrhizie.
  SPANNADRAPUM, Sparadrapum.
  SPANOPO'GON, from mravos, 'rare,'  and trot-
yorv, 'beard.'   One who has lost his beard, or has
a thin beard.
  The Greeks  called those who had little  beard,
or who bad lost it, Spano/togo'nes.
  SPARADRAPA, Sparadrapum.
   SPARADRAPIER.  Tue name of a machine
for  spreading  sparadraps.   A Plaster  machine.
It consists of a table, with two raised pieces, mo-
vable, and  furnished with points, by which the
cloth can be stretched,  and of a lamina or blade
of  metal to extend the  plaster over it.
   SPARADRA'PUM,  Sparadra'pa,  Sparadra-
pus, Tela emplas'tica sen cmjrlas'trica, Spnndara'-
 pum, Sjtannadra''/turn, (¥.) Sparadr-ap.  Any ad-
hesive plaster  spread upon linen or paper.  The
 chief sparadraps are  the following:—
   Sparadrapum Adh.esi'vum, Adhe'sive Plaster.
 A spread plaster of the Emplastrum adhasivum.
 It is also called Strapping.
   English  Court Plaster is  a  Sparadrap,  (F.)
 Taffetas  agglutinatif,  T. gornmi, Taffetas d'An-
 gleterre,  Ser'icum An't/licum, Emplas'trum  An-
 glicum.  E.  Anglica'num, E. Adhasivum  Wood-
 stock'ii, E. Ichthyocolla tela  indnc'tum, E.  Gln-
 tino'sum, Tela Ichthyocolla glu'tinans,  Isinglass
 Plaster.  It is made by stretching black silk, and
 brushing it over with a solution  of isinglass 5j,
 in proof spirit ^xij, to which tinct. benzoin. 5|ij,
 are added.   When dry, this is repeated five times;
 after this, two coats are given it  of a  solution  of
 tereb. Chia ,^iv, in tinct. benz. ^vj,  which  render
 it less liable to crack.
   Liston's Isinglass Plaster is  made by spreading
 several  coats  of strong  solution of isinglass in
 weak spirit over oiled silk, or,  still better, over
 animal  membrane  previously prepared for the
 purpose from the peritoneal coat of the caecum of
 the ox.
   Sparadrapum pro Fontic'ulis, Issue Plaster,
 is sometimes made of simple diachylon, Ibij ;  Bur-
 gundy pitch  and sarcocolla, each ,^iv;  common
 turpentine, f>\.  Spread upon linen  and polished
 with a moistened calendering  glass rubber.
   Sparadrapum seu Tela Galteri, Defensive
Plaster, (F.)  Toile de Gautier.   This is made of
olive  oil,  Ibss;  suet, ,^iv;  icax,  z,x ;  litharge,
common turpentine, thus,  and mastich,  aa,  ,^ij;
bole   armeniac, flour,  aa  t^j.   Pour  it,  while
liquid, upon cloth, and spread.  Used  for issues
and to keep on dressings.
  Sparadra'pum Vksicato'rium.   Soveral  sub-
stances have been introduced as substitutes for
blistering plaster, (see Emplastrum Lyttic,) under
the names, Tela vesicato'ria, Blistering  Tissue,
Ac,  and  other forms of which  are tbe Taffetas
visicant  ou  ipisjrastique,  Papier  ipisjtastiquc,
Charta vesicato'ria.   They  are  made  of an
ethereal or alcoholic extract of cantharides, or of
cantharidin, mixed with  wax, and spread,  in  a
very fine layer, on silk or paper previously oiled
or waxed.  They are efficient agents.
  Sparadrapum Vir'ide,  Com Plaster.   This
may  be  made  of yellow  wax,  Ibij ;  Burgundy
pitch, ^xij; common turpentine, 5Jvj;  verdigris,
3;iij;  spread on cloth and polished.
  Kennedy's Corn Plaster is made of yellow wax,
tbj;  Venice turpentine, t^ij;  verdigris, ^j.
  SPARADRAPUS, Sparadrapum.
  SPARAGMA, Laceration.
  SPARAGMOS, Spasm.
  SPARAGUS. Asparagus.
  SPARAL'LIUM,  Clyster uteri'nus.  An injec-
tion into the vagina, — Ruland and Johnson.
  SPAREDIA.   A ligature covered  with  the
white of egg.— Paracelsus.
  SPARGA'NIUM  RAMO'SUM,  Great  Bur-
reed, from Sparganon, owing to the ribbon-like
leaves. Indigenous: Order, Typhaeeae ; flowering
in July and August.  The roots are  subastrin-
gent, but esculent; yielding a fine fecula, simi-
lar to salep.  They are sometimes made into  a
poultice for inflamed mammae.
  SPAR'GANON, Sjtar'garium, from airapyw, 'I
swathe,' 'I wrap.'  'Swathing  clothes;' a kind
of bandage, with which children  were formerly
surrounded. — Foesius.  Also, a fascia.
  SPARGANO'SIS,   Sjtargo'sis,  Intumescen'tia
lac'tea mamnolrnm  Mastodyn'ia jiolyg'ala, from
arrapyaor,' I am ready to burst.'  Extreme disten-
sion  of the breasts by  milk.   Sparganosis  also
means the wrapping of a child in swathing clothes.
   Sparganosis Puerperarum, Phlegmatia do-
lens.
   SPARGANUM, Sparganon.
   SPARROWGRASS, Asparagus.
   SPARSUS, Sporadic.
   SPAR'TIUM  JUN'CEUM,  Spanish broom.
 Ord.  Leguminosae.   A  small  European  shrub,
 cultivated in  the gardens of the United States, on
account  of its yellow flowers.  The  seeds are
 diuretic and  tonic,  in small doses;  emetic  and
 cathartic  in  large.    They  have been used  in
 dropsy —10 or 15 grains three  times a day.
   Spartium Scopa'rium, Cyt'isus scojta'rius, Ge-
 nis'ta, G. sco/ra'ria seu  hirsu'ta,  Cytisogenista,
 Broom, (¥.) Ginet li bnlai.  Broom Tojrs, Spnrtii
 Cacumina, Scnjta'riua, (Ph. U. S.,) have  a  bitter
 taste, .and are possessed of diuretic  properties.
 They have been used in dropsies.  Dose, of the
 powder, ^j to £}.  All the genista? have similar
 virtues.  A  decoction of genista, along with the
 cauterization of the pustules under  the tongue,
 has been recommended in hydrophobia.
   Spartium Tinctorium, Genista tinctoria.
   SPASM, Spasmus, Sparag'mos, Synol'ce, Sjrado,
 from airaor, ' I draw.'  The Greeks gave this name
 to all kinds  of  convulsions.  It  is now usually
 applied  to involuntary  muscular contractions;
 and   these, again, have  been divided into  tonic
 spasm, Paratoilia,  which consists in  permanent
 rigidity and  immobility  of the muscles that are
 the  seat of it (see  Tetanus); and clonic spasm, 
STASMATICUS
8.'
SPECULUM
which  consists in  alternate contractions and re-
laxations (see  Convulsion).
  Cullen has a class, Sjtasmi — the neurospasm!
of Fuchs.
  Spasm, Clonic, Convulsion — s. Cynic, see Ca-
nine laugh.
  Spasm of the Glottis, Asthma thymicum.
  Spasm, Histrionic, of the Face, see Tic.
  Spasm of the Larynx, Asthma thymicum.
  Spasm, M vsticatory, of the Face, Trismus.
  Spasm with Rigidity, Tetanus.
  Sp\sm, Writers'.  Involuntary spasms of the
 muscles of the thumb and index finger, observed,
 at times, in those who  are  much accustomed to
 writing.  See  Cramp, writers'.
  SPASMATICUS, Spasmoticus.
  SPASMATODES, Spasmoticus.
  SPASME DE LA GLOTTE  ET  DU THO-
 RAX, Asthma thymicum — s.  de la  Vessie,  Cys-
 tospastnus.
   SPASME sec-Spasm.
   SPASMODES, Convulsive.
   SPASMODIC, Spasmoticus.
   SPASMOL'OGY, Spasmoloifia, from  a-rraapos,
 'spasm,' and  Xoyos, 'a treatise.'  A treatise on
 spasms.
   SPASMOLYOMUS, Singultus.
   SPASMOT'ICUS, Spasmat'icus, Sjtasmato'des,
 Spas'ticus. Spastic, Spasmod'ic,  (¥.) Sjrasmodi-
 qtte, Spastiqtte, from oiraouos, 'spasm.'  Anything
 relating to spasm.  Also, an antispasmodic
   Morbi constricto'rii,  M.  spasmot'ici,  Ac, are
 diseases accompanied with spasm.
   SPASMUS, Convulsion,  Spasm — s. Aurium,
 Otalgia—s. Bronchialis, Asthma—s. Caninus, see
 Canine laugh—s. Clonicus,  Convulsion—s. Cyni-
 cus, see  Canine laugh—s. Facialis, Tic—s. Glot-
 tidis,  Asthma thymicum — s.  Linguae,  Glosso-
 spasraus—s. Maxillae inferioris, Trismus—s.  Mus-
 cularis, Cramp — s. Musculorum Faciei,  Canine
 laugh—s. Nutans,  Convulsion, salaam — s.  Peri-
 pherious. Horrida cutis—s. Universalis, Synclonus
 — s. Ventriculi, see Cardialgia—s. Vesicae,  Cys-
 tospismus.
   SPAS'NTA, same  etymon  as Spasm. [?]   A
 term used by  Mercurialis to designate the lanci-
 nating pain produced,  at times, in the chest by
 violent fits of coughing.
   SPASTIC,  Spasmoticus, Tonic spasm.
   SPASTIC I'M, Tetanic.
   PPATHA. Hvpaleiptron.
   SPATIIES'TER, from  oiraut,  'I draw.'   A
 surgical instrument, used for drawing the prepuce
 over the clans, when too short. — P. Amman.
   SPATTIOMELE, Spatula.
   SPATHULA,  Scapula,  Spatula —s.  Fcetida,
 Iris foetidissiina,
   SPATHYEMA FCETIDA,  Dracontium  foeti-
 duni.
   SPATIA INTERLOBULARES, Interlobular
 fissures.   _
   SPAT'ILE, a-rartXn,  'human  excrement.'   A
 liquid fecal  evacuation.   Excrement. — Hippo-
 crates.
   SPATIUM  ORIS, Mouth—s. Trigonura, Lyra.
   SPATTERDOCK, Nupbar advena.
   SPAT'ULA, S/rath'ula, diminutive of Spatha,
 (tt(i??j, 'a broad-sword.'  Spathome'le, Specillum
 latum.   An instrument  used for  spreading  plas-
 ters, stirring ointments,  holding down  the tongue,
 Ac.   Also, the scapula.
  Spatula pro Ore, Glossospatha.
  SPAUD, Humerus.
  SPAUL. Saliva.
  SPAUT  P.ONE. Humerus.
  SPAW-BOXE, Humerus.
  SPAYING, see  Castration.
  SPEANING-BRASH, Brash, weaning.
  SPEAR WORT, Ranunculus flammula.
  SPEAUTER. Zinc.
  SPECIAL, see Specific.
  SPECIALIST, (F.)  Spicialiste.   One who
devotes himself to a specialty;  as  to diseases of
particular parts, as of the eye, ear, chest, Ac.
  SPECIES, (F.)  Esplcea, Spiciolis, This com-
posis.  Officinal mixtures  of substances cut or
bruised.  Sometiraes used for compound powders,
as it always appears to have been formerly.  See
Pulvis.
  Species Aromatice, Pulvis cinnamomi com-
positus— s. Diacinnamomi,  Pulvis  cinnamomi
compositus—s. Diacretae, Pulvis cretae compos.—
s. Diajalapae, Pulvis jalapae compositus—s. Diam-
brae sine  odoratis, Pulvis cinnamomi compositus
—s. Diatragacantbae  frigidae, Pulvis tragacanthso
compositus — s. Hierae picrae, Pulvis  aloes cum
canella — s. Laetificantes  Rhazis,  Pulvis cinna-
momi compositus—s. e Scordio cum opio, Pulvis
cretae compositus  cum  opio — s. e Scordio  sine
opio, Pulvis cretae  compositus.
  SPECIF'IC, Sjtecifiicus, Nosocrat'ir, (¥.) Sjre'-
cifique, frora species, 'a form  or  fashion,'  and
facere, 'to make.'  A  substance to which is  at-
tributed  the special  property of removing  some
particular  disease.   Probably  no such remedy
exists.  Mercury in  syphilis, and  sulphur in the
itch, have  been regarded as the strongest exam-
ples.   The word is also  used adjectively in the
sense of special; as "mercury  has a specific or
special action on the salivary glands."
  Specific of Herrenschwand.  A once cele-
brated German vermifuge.   It is said to have
consisted of 10  grains of  Gamboge,  with  20 of
Carbonate  ofi Potassa.   It  is affirmed, that mer-
cury and arsenic  have also been found in  it.—
Paris.
  SPECIFICUM  PARACELSI,  Potassa?  sul-
phas.
  SPECIL'LUM,  Mcle,  Stylus, Explorato'rinm,
from  specio, ' I  examine,'  Specla'rion, a probe,
(F.)  Stylet, Sonde.  A surgical instrument, em-
ployed for examining  wounds, fistulas, and  for
passing setons, Ac.  It is usually  formed of sil-
ver; and is terminated, at one end, by an olive-
shaped button.   The eyed probe has  an aperture
at the other extremity.
  Specillum, Everriculum, Hypaleiptron, Sound
—s.  Auricularium, Apyromele — s. Cereum, Bou-
gie—s. Excavatum, Stylus  excavatus—s. Latum,
Spatula—s. Minus, Melotis.
  SPECIOLE, Species.
  SPECKS OF THE CORNEA, see Caligo.
  SPECLARION, Specillum.
  SPECTACLES, frora spectare, 'to behold;'
Conspicilla, (Sc.)  Breels, (¥.) Besides, Lunettes
ordinaires, Conserves.  Glasses to assist the sight;
arranged so as to be adapted to both eyes.  These
glasses are more or less concave or convex, accord-
ing as  the sight is more  or less short, (myopic,)
or long, (pvesbyojric.)   When the glass is adapted
to one eye, it is called an Eyeglass, Conspicillum,
Perspicil'lum,  Vitrum ocida're.
  SPECULA'RIS LAPIS. A transparent mine-
ral, but of what nature is  not  clear, which  was
formerly  employed in epilepsy.  In old times it
was used for glass.— Pliny.
  SPECULUM, Catop'ter,  Catnp'tron, Diop'tron.
In Latin, 'a mirror:' from specio, 'I see.'  In
surgery, it means different  instruments for dila-
ting  cavities, and facilitating their examination.
See Dilator.  There  are  various instruments of
this  kind,—the  S.  Ani, S.  Ann's,  S. Vagina,
(Colpeuri/n'ter,  Elytreurr/nter,) S. Matricis, S.
Oculi,  S. Oris  ( (¥.)  Bdillon,) S. Gutturis, S.
Vesica.
  Speculum Citrinum. Orpiment — s. Indicum,
Ferri limatura—s. Lucidum, Septum lucidum—s. 
SPECUS
854
SPERMATIC
Oris, Glossocatochus—s. Veneris, Achillea mille- j
folium.
  SPECUS, Vulva — s.  Cordis, Ventricle  of the
Heart—s. Pro medulla, spinali, see Vertebral co-
lumn—s. Vertebralis, see Vertebral column.
  SPEDALSKE, see Radzyge.
  SPEDALSKHED, see Radzyge.
  SPEECH, Voice, articulated.
  SPEECHLESSNESS, Mutitas.
  SPEEDIMAN'S PILLS, see Pilulae aloes et
mvrrhae.
  SPEEDWELL, BROOKLIME, Veronica bec-
cabunga—s. Female, Antirhinum elatine—s. Offi-
cinal, Veronica—s. Purslain, Veronica  peregrina
— s. Water, Veronica, beccabunga.
  SPELL-BONE, Fibula.
  SPELTRUM, Zincum.
  SPERAGE, Asparagus.
  SPERAGUS, Asparagus.
  SPERM, o~eppa, aTtpiiaros, from tr-tipta, ' I sow.'
Spermalic fluid or liquor,  Sem'inal fluid,  Seed,
Semen,  S. viri'le  seu mitscullmim seu gem'ta'le,
Semi ilium, Genita'le,  Medul'la, Ros.  Sanguis,
Serum,  Humor genitalis seu  semina'lis  seu  ve-
ne'reus,  Urlna  genitalis,  Genitu'ra, Sperrna, S.
viri'le,  -Sjtermi'nm,  Tho're, Tho'rua, Lac maris,
Lagne'a,  Lagnla, Lagneu'ma,  Germen,  Vita'le
virus,   Male's  milk,  Prop' agatory  or  genital
liquor,  Vital or quickening venom, (¥.) Sentence,
Fluide  siminal.  A whitish,  viscid fluid,  of a pecu-
liar smell, secreted by the  testicles, whence it is
carried by the  vasa deferentia to  the vesiculae
seminales, to  be thrown into the vagina,  during
coition, through tbe ejaculatory ducts and  the
urethra.  It is  the  fecundating fluid,  and must
come into actual  contact with  the  germ  of  the
female.   The Aura sem'inis, Gonan'ra, is inca-
pable  of effecting fecundation.   The semen, at
the time of emission, is composed of two different
fluids;  the one liquid  and transparent, which is
considered to be tbe  secretion  of the prostate,—
the other, white, and as thick as mucilage;  the
product of the  testicular secretion.  The sperm
contains, according  to  Vauquelin,  900 parts of
water,  50 of animal  mucilage, 10 of soda, and 30
of  calcareous phosphate.  The  animal matter is
peculiar,  and by some termed spermatin.
   Microscopic observations show that it contains
spermatozo'a, or more   properly spermatozo'ids;
for their animalcular nature is not demonstrated.
 They  are produced  in  cells — sperm-cells — and
 have probably no more title to be considered ani-
 malcular, than the cilia of the ciliated epithelium.
 By careful  examination,   other  minute,  round,
 granulated  bodies  may almost  always  be  de-
 tected, which are in all cases  much less nume-
 rous than the spermatozoa.   These bodies are the
 seminal granules, gran'ula  sem'inis.  Pure sperm,
 in  its most perfect state, consists principally of
 spermatozoids  and  seminal  granules; both of
 which  are enveloped in a small quantity of fluid,
 liquor sem'inis, sjtermat'ic liquor.
    It has been  imagined,  but  erroneously, that
 during coition there is a secretion of female sperm
 —Semen mulie'bre,  Thelyg'onurn,  The increased
 secretion  that  takes place is  chiefly from  the
 glands of Duverney.
    Sperm also means spermaceti.
    Sperm Cell, see Sperm.
    SPERMA, Sperm — s. Mercurii, Hydrargyrus
 acetatus.
    Sperma Rana'rum, Sjtern'i'ola seu Sperni'olum
 sen Sperrni'ola seu Spermi'olum rana'rum.  Frog's
 spawn.  Once used in medicine.
    SPERMACETI,  Cetaceum—s. Whale, see Ce-
 taceum.
    SPERMACRASIA, Spermatorrhoea.
    SPERMATACRASIA, Spermatorrhoea,
    SPERMATACRATIA, Spermatorrhoea.
  SPERMAT'IC, Spcrmalicus, Semina'lis, S, rn<-
inal, (¥.) Spermatique,  from aircppa,  airtpparos.
That which relates to the sperm.   A name given
to different parts connected with  the  organs  of
generation.
  Spermatic Arteries,  Arteria Sjrermat'ira seu
prajtaran'tcs, (¥.)  Arteres  testicnluires, A.  de
l'ova ire (Ch.), are  two in number — one on each
side—and arise from the  sides of tbe nrota, some-
times from  tbe  renal arteries.   They descend,
almost  vertically,  at the sides of the vertebral
column,  and  are  distributed differently  in  the
two sexes.  In man, tbe  spermatic artery, situate
at the side of the  vas deferens, issues by the ab-
dominal ring; gives numerous ramifications  to
the spermatic cord, and  divides into fasciculi  of
branches, one of which goes to the testicle, — the
other to  tbe  epididymis.    In  the female, tbo
spermatic artery,  ova'rian artery, dips into the
pelvis, and passes  to the ovarium, Fallopian tube,
and round ligament.
  Spermatic  Conn! or Chord, Test ic'ular Cord,
Fiinic'itlns S/rernialicns,  Corpus varicit'sum, (¥.)
Cordon spermatique ou testiculaire. The vascular
and nervous chord, by which the testicle is sus-
pended.  It is composed of the spermatic artery
and veins; of other small vessels; of lymphatics;
of  nervous filaments from the spermatic  plexus,
and from the genito-crural branch of the lumbo-
abdominal plexus; of the vas deferens, nnd, very
often,  of a fibro-cellular cord, which  unites tbe
peritoneum to the upper  part of the tunica vagi-
nalis, and in which encysted hydrocele of the
spermatic cord  occurs.  All these parts are uni-
ted together by a very  lax,  areolar tissue, and
surrounded by coats, which, reckoning  from with-
out, are :— 1. The skin  and  areolar membrane.
2. A fibro-cellular membrane, formed by the fas-
cia superficialis.  3. A very thin layer,  formed by
fibres of the cremaster  muscle, united archwise
before,  and  often  also behind, the cord.  4. The
proper sheath ofthe spermatic vessels, or the  tu-
bular prolongation furnished by the fascia trans-
versalis to tbe chord, on  a level with the superior
orifice  of the inguinal  canal.    The  spermatic
cord is commonly shorter on the right side than
on  the left; and  of a different size in different
individuals.   It ascends, almost  vertically, from
the superior margin of the testicle as far as  the
lower orifice of the inguinal canal; passes through
this canal and enters the abdomen, crossing  the
epigastric artery.   Here  it forms an  evident
elbow,  directing its  course  backward.  At  this
part,  also, the organs composing it separate from
each  other: — the vas deferens descending into
the pelvis to pass behind the bladder;—the blood-
vessels and  lympathics  ascending towards  the
lumbar region,  Ac.
   Spermatic Filaments, Spermatozoa—s. Fluid,
Sperm.
   Spermatic   Ganglion.   A  large  ganglion,
formed by branches from  the hypogastric gang-
lion,  and from the spermatic plexus.   It supplies
the fundus  uteri.   Besides  these ganglia,  Dr.
Robt. Lee describes ves'ical and vag" inal ganglia,
and anterior and posterior subperitone'al ganglia
and plexuses, which communicate with the pre-
ceding, and constitute an extensive nervous rete
 over the entire  uterus.
   Spermatic Liquor, Liquor seminis,  see Sperm.
   Spermatic Passages or Ways, Via Spermu-
 tica, are the canals concerned in the excretion
 of  fomen.  See Testicle.
   Spermatic Plexuses of nerves, Plexus testicu-
 lares, are two  in number, and are furnished by
 the renal plexuses.   Their filaments, called Sper-
 matic nerves, follow the arteries of the  same name
 to  the  testicle in man ; and to the ovary and Fal-
 lopian tube in the female,—ova'rian nerves.  They 
SPERMATIN              8">5               SPHENOID
cannot be  traced  into  the substance  of  these
organs.
  Spermatic Veins  are  two or three in number
on each side.   They accompany  the  spermatic
artery, and open—those of the right, into the
vena  cava  inferior;  those of  the  left, into the
corresponding  renal  vein.   These  veins  form,
above the  testicle, a kind  of venous  network,
called, by some, the Spermatic Plexus ; and an-
other plexus before the  psoas  muscles, called the
Corpus pampiniforme.
   SPERMATIN, see Sperm.
   SPEKMATIS'MUS,   Emis'sio  sem'inis,  from
o-ireputi, orrepparos, 'sperm.' The emission of sperm.
Spei-mii'tism or Animalculism  is  the  doctrine,
which maintains that the embryo  is produced by
the, so called, spermatic animalcules.
   SPERM AT 1ST, Animalculist.
   SPERMATOCOCCJ, Spermatozoa.
   SPERMATOCE'LE,  Hernia  semina'lis  scroti,
 Oscheocele semina'lis,   Gouocele,  from  aittpitn,
atsepitaros,  'sperm,' and  KnXn,  'a  tumour.'  The
ancients gave  this name to  certain swellings of
the  testicle which were  regarded as produced by
 an accumulation of sperm in the organ.   Also,
 varicocele.
   SPERMATOCLEMMA, see Pollution.
   SPERMATOCLEPSIS, see Pollution.
   Sl'ERMATOCYSTIDORRHAG"IA,  Caulor-
 rlotg"iti ejacnlato'ria, Hamatu'ria  ejacitlato'ria
 seu  semina'lis, from  aneppa,  airepparos,  ' sperm,'
 kvotis,  'bladder,'  and  payn,  'a breaking  forth.'
 A discharge of blood from the urethra, or the act
 of ejaculation  of sperm.
   SPERM A TOD ES. Gonoides.
   SPERMATOGONIA, Spermngon'ia,  Sperma-
 tnji<c'a, Spermatopoe'sis, Sjter-mlurn, from airtpun,
 oiapimms,  ' sperm,' and yevvuta, 'to beget.'  The
 preparation or secretion of sperm.
   SPERMATOID, Gonoides.
   SPEKMATOLEPSIS, see Pollution.
   SPERMATOLIPSIS, see Pollution.
   SPERMATOL'OGY,  Sjtermatolog" ia,  from
 oirtppa, airepparos, 'sperm,' and Xoyos, 'a discourse.'
 A treatise on sperm.
   SPER.MATOPH'OROUS,  Seminiferous, from
 omppa, a-repparos,  'sperm,' and  tpepor, 'I  carry.'
 Sperm-bearing.  The cells  or granules  in  the
 sperm have been so called.
   SPERMATOPOBA, Spermatogonia.
   SPEH.MATOPOESIS, Spermatogonia.
   SPERMATOPOETIC, Spermatopoeus.
   SPERMATOPOH'US, Spermatojtoelicus, Sper-
 mrttopo'elic, Gonepce'ns,  Gonejtoelicus, Gonopoel-
 ?Vhv, from a-treppa, oirepuaros,  'sperm,'and  -oietv,
 ' to  make.'  Food, to which has been  attributed
 the property of augmenting the secretion  of se-
 men ; and, consequently, of exciting the venereal
 act.  Very succulent and very nutritious sub-
 stances have been so considered.
   SPER.MATORRHCE'A,  Sperm or rior'a,  Sjrer-
 maera'sia, Spermittoze'mia. Sjrermatacra'sia, Gtr-
 vacra'sia,  Gonacratla,  Gonoze'mia,  S/tcrrnata-
 crati'a,  Gnnorrhce'a vera, (¥.) Flux  de Sjterme,
 Pollutions, Pertes sirniriales : from  tsvtppa, aireppa-
 ros. 'sperm,' nnd pcto, 'I flow.'  An emission of
 sperm, without copulation.  See Gonorrhoea, and
 Pollution.
   Spermatorrhoea  Atonica, Gonorrhoea laxo-
 runi.
   SPERMATOS'CTIESIS.fromtrirepita, trirepparos,
 'sperm.'  and  (tycijis, 'retention.'  Retention  or
 suppression of the spermatic secretion.
   SPERMATOZEMIA. Spermatorrhoea.
   SPERMATOZO'A, Zoosper'tnata, from  aneppa,
 tmeirparos,   'sperm.'  and  t,taov, 'animal.'    Ani-
 nialeu/a   seniiml/ia sen spermalica, Fita sper-
 matid!, Corpuscula sem'inis, spermatocoe'ei, Ver-
mic'iili  spermatid,  S/irrmatozo''ide, Sem'inul or
spermatic filaments, S/icrinutic  or  seminal ani-
malcules  [?],  (F.) Zoiisjiermcs,  Sjtermatozoaires
Reputed animalcules seen in tbe sperm ;  by most
physiologists supposed to be the formative agents
in generation.  See  Sperm.
   SPERMATOZOAIRES, Spermatozoa.
   SPERMATOZOIDS, Spermatozoa.
   SPERMIOLUM  RANARUM,  Sperma  rana-
rum.
   SPERMIUM, Sperm, Spermatogonia.
   SPERMOBOLE,  see  Ejaculation, Spermatis-
mus.
   SPERMOEDIA CLAVUS, Ergot.
   SPERMOGONIA, Spermatogonia.
   SPERM0RRH03A, Spermatorrhoea.
   SPERNIOLUM  RANARUM,  Sperma  rana-
rum.
   SPEWING, Vomiting.
   SPHACELATED,  Sj.hacela'tus, (¥.)  Spha-
celi. Struck with sphacelus.
   SPHACELATION,  Mortification.
   SPIIACELE,  Sphacelus —  s.  de la  Douche,
 Cancer aquaticus.
   SPIIACELIA SEGETUM, see Ergot.
   SPIIACELISMUS,  Sphacelus — s.  Cerebri,
 Phrenitis.
   SPHACELUS, afjtaKeXos, Gangra'na  Sphace-
 lus, Sjtlotcelis'mus, Cold mortification, (F.)  Sjtha-
 cele, Gangrene froide,  from otpa^ot, 'I slay.' This
 word is used, by some, synonymously with gan-
 grene : by others, with  gangrene when  it occu-
 pies tbe whole substance of a limb.  Commonly.
 it  means the  disorganized portion, in  cases of
 mortification,  anthrttconecro'sis, which  must be
 thrown off, — or is, in other words, totally dead.
 The foul  disorganized portion of an  ulcer—called
 the slough — must be  considered a kind  of spha-
 celus.
   Sphacelus was formerly used to  denote  exces-
 sive pain ; and for agitation from excessive pain,
 or violent emotion.
   Sphacelus Cerealis, Ergotism — s. Nosoco-
 mial, Hospital gangrene.
   SPH^ERA, Pila—s. Marina, Pila marina — s.
 Thalassia, Pila marina,
   SPILERANTHUS  INDICUS, Adaca.
   SPILE'RIA SINEN'SIS,  (opatpa, 'a globe,')
 Ilia Tsao Tom  Tchom, Ilia  Tsao Tong Tchong,
 'Tot sit Kaso, Summer j, lant winter worm. A  fungus
 which projects from the neck of a lepidopterous
 insect.   It  is  highly  esteemed by the Chinese
 as a tonic, like ginseng.
   SPH/ERIDION,  Pilula
   SPHiERION, Globule,  Pilula,
   SPH/EROCEPHALA ELATIOR, Echinops.
   SPH^EROCOCCUS  CRISPUS,  Fucus crispus
 —s. Helininthoehortus,  Corallina Corsicana — s.
 Lichenoides,  Fucus amylaceus.
   SP1LERULA GALENI, Pilula,
   SrHyF.RUL.E Sanguinis,  Globules ofthe  blood.
   SPHAGE, Throat,
   SPHENDONE, Funda.
   SPHENO, in  the  composition  of  anatomical
 terms,  usually means, belonging or relating  to
 the sphenoid bone.
   SPHENOCEPIIA'LIA. from otjtnv, 'a wedge,'
 and KetpaXrj,  • head.'  Monstrosity,  in which  the
 head is wedge shaped, owing  to the projection
 ofthe anterior fontanel region.
    SPHEN0-EP1NEUSE, (Artere.) Meningeal
 artery, middle.
    SPHENOID, Sjrhenoi'des,  Sjrheno'des, Spht-
 noi'deus,  Sjtlieror'idttlis,  (¥.)  Sphino'ide, from
 ctpriv, ' a wedge,' and eiios,' resemblance.' Wedge-
 shaped.  Hence,
    Sphenoid  Bonf., Sjtheno'ides os, Os  basila're
u sen citiieifur'rue seu cu'neo compara'tum  seu sjthc- 
SPHENOIDAL             806               SPHINCTER
tioida'le seu mult if or'me seu az'ygos sen jrapilla'- I
re sen polymoi-'jihon sen jtaxilla're seu baxilla're
seu at afar'me  seu sjtheco'i'ileum seu  vespifior'me
seu inconjitga'tnin  seu jrterygoideum seu ala'turn
seu colatu'ru, Pter'ygoid bone.  Aii azygous bone,
situate on the median line, and at  the base of the
cranium.   It articulates with all the other bones
of that cavity;  supports them,  and strengthens
their union.  Its form is singular, and resembles
a  bat  with its  wings  extended.  It  has, 1. An
inferior or guttural  surface,  on which is  situate
the crista, that joins the vomer; a channel, which
concurs in  forming the pterygo-palatine foramen ;
the pterygoid process ; the pterygoid  fossa; the
scaphoid  depression ;  tbe Vidian  or pterygoid
canal;  the foramina — ovale, spinale, Ac   2.  A
superior or cerebral surface,  on which are: — the
clinoid processes; the pituitary fossa; the fora-
mina (ovale, rotundum,  and sjtinale); the  Apo-
jrhysis of Ingrassias or lesser wing; the foramen
opticum, Ac 3. An occipital or posterior surface,
which is articulated with the basilary process of
the  occipital  bone.  4. An  anterior  or  orbitar
nasal  surface; having,  anteriorly,  a crista  to
unite with the ethmoid bone ;  and, on each side,
a round aperture, which leads into two cavities
in the substance of the bone, separated  by a
middle septum, and called the sphenoidal sinuses.
5. Two zygomato-temporal or external surfaces,
which correspond to the temporal and zygomatic
fossae.
   Some divide  the sphenoid into body or  middle
portion ; and ala, which are four in number, and
are subdivided into great (Temporal  Plates  or
  Wings, Ala magna) and little  (Ajrojdiyses of In-
grassias, Ala mi no'res,  Processus ensiform'es).
   The Sphenoid suture surrounds the bone.
   Sphenoid, Spinous Process of the, Sphenoid
 spine.
   SPIIENOID'AL, Sjthendida'lis.  That which
 belongs or relates to the sphenoid bone.
   Sphenoidal  Cor'nua, Cor'mm  Spheno'ida'lia,
 (F.) Cornets sphino'idaux ou de Bert in, Osselets
 de Berlin, Ossic'ula Bertlni, Ossa triangnla'ria,
 Pyr'amids of  Wistar.   Two  small, thin, and
 curved bones,  situate between  the sphenoid and
 ethmoid, with which they are confounded in the
 adult   They have the shape of a hollow pyramid,
 with tbe base turned backwards; and  are  deve-
 loped by a single point of ossification.  They are
 articulated with  the  sphenoid, ethmoid,  palate
 bone, and vomer.
   Sphenoidal or Supe'rior Or'bitary Fissure,
 Fora'men  lac"erum supe'rius, (F.) Fente sphino'i-
 tlale,  is a large fissure,  situate  between the  great
 and little ala ofthe sphenoid.   It is  seen  at the
 upper and back part of the  orbit  between which
 nnd the cranium  it is a means of communication,
 and transmits tbe third, fourth, and sixth pair of
 nerves, and  the first branch of the fifth  pair, to
 the eye and its appendages.
   Sphenoidal Spine, Spina seu  Crista sphenoi-
 dalia, (¥.)  E/rine sjthino'idule, Sjtinons  Process
 of the Sjthenoid ;—1. A projecting crista at  the
 inferior surface of the  sphenoid-bone, for articu-
 lation with the vomer.  2.  A triangular process,
  Apophyse sous-teinjtorrile (Ch.), met with near the
  posterior  margin of the same  bone, behind  the
 foramen  spinale.  At  the  point  of  the  spinous
  process, a styloid process is frequently met with.
    SPHEN01DES,  Cuneiform, Sphenoid —s. Os,
  Sphenoid  bone.
    SPHENOMAXILLARY, Spheno-maxilla'ris.
  That  which  relates to the sphenoid and maxillary
  bones.
    Sphenomaxillary Fissure, Inferior  or'bitar
  Fi"sure, (¥.) Fente sjthino-maxillaire ou orbitaire
 infirieiire;  called, also, Fora'men lac"erum  in-
 fe'rius seu sphcno-maxillu're, is situate at the
posterior part of the angle formed by  the union
of the internal and  inferior parietes of  tbe orbit.
It is constituted, above,  by the  sphenoid bone;
below,  by  the  superior  maxillary  and  palate
bones ; and, before, by the malar bone.  It is nar-
rower at the middle than at the  extremities, and
forms a communication between the orbitar cavity
and the zygomatic fossa.
  Sphenomaxillary Fossa is a name given by
some anatomists, to a depression at the union of
the sphenomaxillary  and pterygomaxillary fis-
sures.
  SPHENO-OR'BITAR.   A name given by B6-
clard to the anterior part of tbe body of the sphe-
noid bone, which  is developed by a variable num-
ber of points of ossification.
  S P 11 E N 0 P A L' A T I N E, Sphenopalatine.
That which relates to the  sphenoid and palate
bones.
  Sphenopalatine Artery, Large lateral nasal
A., is the termination of the internal maxillary.
It enters at  the posterior  part of the superior
meatus  ofthe nose, through tbe  spheno-palatine
foramen, and spreads its  numerous branches on
the pituitary membrane covering the septum, the
cornua, and the meatus.
  Sphenopalatine Fora'men is a round aper-
ture, formed by tbe vertical portion of  the os pa-
lati and  the sphenoid.  It establishes  a commu-
nication  between the nasal fossas  and the zygo-
matic fossa.
  Sphenopalatine Ganglion,  Ganglion of Mec-
kel, Spheno'id'al G. (Ch.)  A small, nervous, cor-
diform,  or  triangular ganglion, of variable size,
situate without the  foramen sphaeno-palatinum,
in the pterygomaxillary fissure.  It seems  sus-
pended  by  several nervous filaments to the trunk
of the  superior maxillary  nerve,  and gives  off
internal or sphenopalatine filaments, inferior  or
palatine filaments, and a posterior filament, which
is the Vidian or pterygoid nerve.
  Sphenopalatine Nerves,Laieralnasal nerres,
arise from  the ganglion —just described — at its
inner part, and enter the nasal fossae by the sphe-
nopalatine foramen. They are five or six in num-
ber, and distribute their  filaments to  the outer
and inner parietes of the nasal fossae.  One  of
the most remarkable branches is the Naso-pala-
tine.
   SPHENOPALATINE,  Levator palati.
   SPHENOPARIETAL,   Spheno-parieta'lis.
That which belongs  or relates  to the sphenoid
and parietal bones.
   Sphenoparietal Suture is formed  by the ar-
ticulation of the  extremity of the greater ala of
the sphenoid with the anterior and inferior angle
ofthe parietal bone.
   SPHENO-PTERYGO-PALATINUS,  Circum-
flexus—s.  Salpingostaphylinus,  Circumflexus—s.
Salpinr/o-mal/ien, Laxator tympani.
   SPHENOSIS, see Wedged.
   SPHENOSTAPHYLINUS. Levator palati.
   SPHENOTEMP'ORAL,  Spheno - temporalis.
That which belongs to the sphenoid and temporal
bones.
   Sphenotemporal Suture is the suture at tho
articulation of the great alae of the sphenoid bone
with the squamous portion  of the temporal,  B6-
clard gives the name sjilrenotemporal to the pos-
terior part of the body of the sphenoid, which is
developed by distinct points of ossification.
   SPHEX, Wasp.
   SPHINCTER, otftiyump, Constric'tor, Mnsc'ttlut
constricta'i-ius, from otpiyyut, ' I constrict.' A namo
given to several  annular muscles, which constrict
or dose certain natural openings.
   Sphincter  Ani, Annula'ris Ani.  Many ana-
 tomists  have described two sphincter  muscles of
 the anus :—1. The S. exter'nus seu cuta'neus, As- 
SPHONDYLIUM
85'
SPINA
pidis'cos,  Corcygio-cutanf-sphincter, Orbicula'ris
Recti,  Constrictor Ani, Coceyyia-anal, (Ch.)  It
is situate around the anus; is elliptical from be-
fore to behind; flattened, and pierced at its mid-
dle.  Its fibres describe concentric arcs, which
are attached, behind, to the extremity of the coc-
cyx, by a dense, areolar substance ; and  are con-
founded, anteriorly, with the bulbo-cavernosi and
trnnsversi  perineal muscles.  This muscle con-
tracts and closes the anus.  2. The inner or in-
ternal Sphincter Ani,  Sjihincter  intestina'lis  of
Winslow, is  by many anatomists considered as
the termination of the circular fibres of  the rec-
tum.  It is annular, and situate around the infe-
rior extremity of the  rectum, to  the  extent  of
about a finger's breadth.  It  has the same uses
as the other.
   Sphincter Gul.*, Constrictores  pharyngis —
s.  llei, Bauhin, valve of—s. Intestinalis, Sphinc-
ter ani internus—s. Labiorum, Orbicularis oris—
p.  Oculi, Orbicularis palpebrarum—s. Palpebra-
rum, Orbicularis  palpebrarum — s.  Pylori, see
Pylorus — s. Vaginae, Constrictores  cunni — s.
Ventriculi, Pylorus.
   Sphincter Vesi'c/E, S/ihinctcr of the  bladder.
Some anatomists have  given this name to whitish,
elastic, and circular fibres,  which  surround the
neck of the bladder, but do  not constitute a par-
ticular  muscle.  Morgagni  has given the name
Pseudo-Sphincter to the anterior fibres of the
levator ani, which pass beneath the neck of the
bladder, and,  by  their  contraction,  close that
openin<r.  See Compressor urethrae.
   SPHONDYLIUM. Heracleum spondylium.
   SPIIOXG US, Fungus, Spongia,
   SPIIRAGIDONYCHARGOCOME'TA,   from
ofpayts,  'a  seal,'  ovv%, ovi'X"S,  'a nail,'  apyos,
'whih,'or perhaps apyvpos,   'silver,'and  nopiw,
' I  adorn.'  A charlatan who  adorned his fingers
to tbe very nails with rings.—Aristophanes, Hip-
pocrates.
   SPHYGMA. Pulse.
   SPIIYGMIC, S/rliyg'micus, (¥.)  Sjrhygmique,
from ojiuypos, ' pulse.'   Relating to the pulse : —
pulsatory.
   Si'tiYGMic  Art, Ars Sjthyg'mica.  The  art of
judging by the pulse,  in health or  disease,
   Spiivgmica Doctrina. Spbvgmologia.
   SP1IYGMICUS. Throbbing.
   SPI1YGM0CEPHALUS, Crotaphe.
   SPIIYC MODES, Throbbing.
   SPI1YGMOLEGIUM, Pulsilegium.
   SPHYG'MOGRAPH;   from  ot/rvypos,  'the
pulse.' and )patp >, 'I  describe.'  An instrument
which, when  applied over an artery, indicates tbe
character of  the pulse as to force  and extent of
undulations.—Vierordt.
   SPIJYGMOLOG'TA, Sphygmology,  Sphyg'-
mit-a Doctd'na, Ars Sphyg'mica, from  atpvypos,
' the pulse,' and Xoyos, ' a description.'  The doc-
trine of the pulse.
   SPHYGMOMETER, Pulsilegium.
   SPHYGMOS, Pulsation, Pulse.
   SPHYGMOSCOPIUM, Pulsilegium.
   SP1IYRA. Malleolus.
   SPIIYNIS, Pulsation.
   SI'IC, Lavandula Spica.
   S P T C A ,  Fas'cia   rejtens, Spica  bandage,
(¥.) f.pi.   A bandage so called  in consequence
of  its  somewhat  resembling a spike of barley.
The turns of the bandage cross like the letter  V ;
— each leaving a third of the roller uncovered.
It  is distinguished into ascending  and descending.
It  may be applied over various parts of the body,
nnd in  a different manner  in each ease: thus,
there is the Spica seu  Fascia inguina'lis,  Spica
iugttinalis duplex, the spica for the shoulder,
and another for the thumb.
  Spica, Lavandula Spica—s. Alpina, Valeriana
Celtiea—s. Celtiea, Valeriana Celtiea--s. Indiea,
Nardus Indiea — s. Nardi, Nardus Indiea.
  SPICEBEBRY, Gaultheria. Laurus Benzoin.
  SPICEBUSH, Laurus Benzoin.
  SPICES, FOUR, see Myrtus pimenta.
  SPI0EVY0OD, Laurus Benzoin.
  SPICILLUM, Specillum.
  SPIDER, see Aranem tela.
  SPIDERWORT,  Liliago,  Tradescantia Vir-
ginica,
  SPIGELIA, S. Marilandica.
  Spige'lia Anthel'mia,  Demara'ra  Pinkroot, a
native of  South  America nnd  the  West  India
Islands, has properties like tbe
  Spige'lia Marilan'dica, & Lonic"era, AntheV-
mia, Lonic"era Martian''dictt, Peren'nial  Worm-
grass or Indian Pink, Carolina  Pink, Starbloom,
 Wormroot.   Nat.  Ord.  Gentianaceae.    Class,
Pentandria. Order, Monogynia.  Indigenous. The
root—Spigelia (Ph. U. S.)  Pinkroot—is celebrated
as an anthelmintic, particularly  in cases of lum-
brici.
  It is, also, asserted to have been found service-
able in  remittent fever.   It is a narcotico-acrid.
Dose, gr. x to J|«s,
  SPIGNEL, .iUthusa meum.
  SPIKENARD, Conyza  squarrosa, Nardus In-
diea— s. American, Aralia  racemosa — s.  False,
Smalacina  racemosa—s. Small, Aralia nudicaulis
— s. Tree.  Aralia spinosa.
  SPILANTHES  ACMELLA,  Spilanthus  ac-
mella.
  SPILAN'THUS  ACMEL'LA, S. cilta'ta seu
finibria'ta, Spilan'thes acmella,  from airtXos,  'a
spot,' and uvSos, 'a flower,' owing to its dotted or
speckled flower, Bit/ens acmella, Achmella, Ac-
mella, A. Maitritiana,  Verbesi'na acmella, Balm-
leaved Spilanthus.  Ord. Compositae.   Sex. Syst.
Syngenesia Polygamia aequalis.   This plant pos-
sesses a glutinous, bitter taste, and fragrant smell.
The herb and seed are said to be diuretic and em-
menagogue.   They have  been used in dropsies,
jaundice, fluor albus, and calculous complaints;
given in infusion.
  Spilanthus, Balm-leaved, Spilanthus acmel-
la— s. Ciliata, S. acmella — s. Fimbriata,  S. ac-
mella.
  Spilanth'us Olera'ceus, Spear-leaved  Spi-
lanthus, (¥.) Cresson de Para.   A tincture ofthe
plant has been recommended in  toothaeh.
  SPILT, see Nrevus.
  SPILOMA, see Nsevus.
  SPILOSIS, Epicbrosis —s. Ephelis, Ephelides
— s. Poliosis. Poliosis.
  SPILSBURY'S ANTISCORBUTIC  DROPS.
An  empirical  preparation,  formed  of hydrarg.
oxymnr., rad. gentian., cort. aurant. sice aa 3'j >
antimon. crud., santal.  rubr. aa  3.i > sjtiritus villi
rectif, aqua, aa ,^viij.           „
  SPINA, 'a tho'rn ;' Spine, (¥.) Epine.  A pro-
cess on the surface  of  a  bone,  which  has been
compared to the spines or thorns on certain vege-
tables.  The chief processes of this name are:—
the nasal sjtine, the spine of the scapula, the spine
ofi the ischium, the four iliac spines, the palatine
sjtine, the maxillary, the sphenoid, Ac.  The spine
of the back is the collection of vertebrae constitu-
ting the vertebral column.
  Spina, Penis—s. Acida, Oxyacantha Galeni —
s. iEgyptiaca, see  A cache   gummi — s.  Alba,
Carduus  marianus,  Mespilus oxycantha,  Ono-
pordum acanthium — s. Bifida,  Hydrorachis —
s. Cervinn.  Rhamnus -—s. Domestica, Rhamnus
—s.  Dorsi, Wrtebral column, see Nasus—s. Dorsi
introrsuin  Flexa, Lordosis — s.  Ferrea, Pin —  s.
Heltnontii. Aiifuillon — s. Hirci,  Astragalus verus
—s.  Infectoria, Rhamnus—s. Nodosa, Rachitis—
s. Spbenoidalis, Sphenoidal spine.
  Spina  Vento'sa,  Spina  ventos'itus, Tere'do, 
SPINACH                808           SPIR.E CEREBRI
Ostarthroc'ace, Fungus  seu  Tumor fiungo'sus ar-
tic'uli, Lilpia functu'ra. Hy/ierspon'gia, Flatus
sjtina, Arthroc'ace, Padarthroc'ace,  Sidera! tin
0*sis,  Cancer seu  Gangra'na  Ossis,  Exosto'sis,
White Swelling (of some).   A term of no definite
meaning, as is obvious  from these various words
having been considered its synonymes.  By some,
it is defined to be — a  disease of  the osseous sys-
tem, in which  the texture of tbe bone dilates,
seeming to  be distended with air, and constitu-
ting a variety of osteo-sarcoma.   By others, itis
considered to be a tumour arising from an internal
caries of a bone ; occurring  most frequently in the
carpus or tarsus.  The term itself is a translation
frora the Arabic of Rbazes.   See, also, Hydrar-
thrus. and Mollities Ossium.
   Spina Vertebralis, Vertebral column.
   SPINACH, Spinacia.
   SPINACHIA, Spinacia.
   SPINA'CIA, S/tina'chia, Spina'cia olera'cea,
Spillage, Sjtiuach, (¥.) Epinard.  Ord. Cheno-
podiaceae.  Sex.  Syst.  Dioecia  Pentandria,   A
plant  which resembles  the  cabbage in its dietetic
powers.   The leaves boiled, with the  addition of
oil, form a good  emollient  cataplasm.  It  has
been used in phthisical complaints ;  but its medi-
cinal  properties, if it  have any, are  not now re-
ganled.
   Spinacia Oleracea, Spinacia.
   SPIN,E,  Spinous  processes — s.  Ventositas,
Spina ventosa.
   SPINAGE, Spinacia.
   SPINAL, S/iiua.'/is,  Sptno'sus, Spina'tus, Ra-
chid'ian, (¥.)  Ejriuie.re, Rachidien, from sjtina,
 ' the spine.'   That which relates to the vertebral
 column.
   Spinal Arteries, Arteria spinales, are two in
 number,  viz : 1. The posterior spinal, Artere mi-
 diane postirieitre du Rachis, (Ch.)  It arises from
 the vertebral, near the corpora pyramidalia, and
 descends on  the posterior surface  of the spinal
 marrow, distributing  its ramifications to it.  2.
 The anterior spinal artery, A. metliane antirienrc,
 (Ch.,) is larger than the last, and arises, also, from
 the vertebral.   It  descends, in a serpentine man-
 ner, upon the anterior surface  of  the marrow:
 furnishes ramusculi to it, and unites with that of
 the opposite side, opposite  the foramen magnum
 occipitis.  A very tortuous  branch  arises  from
 this union, which descends as far as the inferior
 extremity of the marrow, to which it sends nume-
 rous divisions.
    The term Spinal Arteries or  Rachidian Arte-
 riee is also given, in the abstract, to all the arte-
 ries of the  spinal marrow and  vertebral  canal.
  Tbe same may be said of the veins and nerves.
    Spinal Cord, Medulla spinalis.
    Spinal Foram'ina, (F.) 7Voi<8 rachidiens, in
  the abstract, are the  foramina formed by every
  two contiguous vertebrae, through which the spi-
  nal nerves issue.   See Vertebral.  The term Fo-
  ra'men  Sjtina'le seu spino'sum  is especially ap-
  plied, however, to a small foramen, in front of the
  spinous  process of the  sphenoid bone, through
  which the middle  artery of the dura mater enters
  the  cranium.  It is,  likewise,   called Foramen
  spheno-spino'sum,  (¥.)  Trou  Sjthino-ijtineux ou
  j,etit rond, Trou ijtinenx.
    Spinal Ganglion, see Encephalon.
    Spinal Irrita'tion, Rhachialgltis, Rhachial-
  gia, Neuralgia  spinalis,  Notal'yia.   A modern
  pathological view, which refers most nervous dis-
  eases to  irritation  of  the spinal cord.  This irri-
  tation is presumed to be indicated by tenderness
 on pressure over  the  spinous process of one qr
 more vertebrae, or over  the nerves proceeding
 fmui  the cord and distributed to the parts at the
 sides of the  spine.  Such tenderness, however,
by no means indicates the pathological condition
in question, as it is  often met with in those en-
joying perfect health.   The treatment advised is
cupping  and counter-irritation on each  side of
the spine, which may be  beneficial in such  dis-
eases, no matter what part of the frame may be
in a morbid state, by exciting a  new and  revel-
lent impression on a very sensible portion  of the
cutaneous surface.
   Spinal Nerve, Ac'cessory ofthe Par rm/um or
8th jtair. Accessory nerve ofi Willis, Spinal  Acces-
sory, Superior res'piratory N., Ehrenth pair ofen-
cejthalic  nerves, (¥.)  S/tino-cranio-trajiczien, Tra-
chilo-dorsal (Ch.), arises from the medulla  spi-
nalis, within the vertebral canal,  between the an-
terior and posterior roots of tbe cervical nerves,
at a greater or  less  distance from tbe cranium.
The roots unite  to form the nerve, which ascends
into the  cranium through the foramen iiiagnuin
of the occipital bone, and issues  by tbe foramen
lacerum  posterius, crossing the sterno-cleido-uiiis-
toideus,  to  which it gives filaments,  and  losing
itself entirely  on the trapezius muscle.  The pneu-
mogastric and spinal accessory nerves together—
nervus vagus cum accesso'rio—resemble the spinal
nerves;  the former,  with  its ganglion, being the
posterior root; the latter, the anterior.
   Spinal Nerves, Vertebral nerves — s. Prolon-
gation, Medulla spinalis.
   Spinal System of Nerves, see Nerves.
   SPINALES COLLI  MINORES, Interspinales
colli — s. et Transversales lumborum, Transver-
salis dorsi.
   SPINALIS CERVICIS, Semi-spinalis'colli —
s. Colli,  Semi-spinalis colli.
   Spinalis Dorsi,  Sjtinalis Dorsi  major,  (¥.)
Grand ipineux du dos.   Winslow calls thus some
fleshy fasciculi, which are situate on the lateral sur-
faces of the spinous processes: from the third dorsal
vertebra to the first  or second lumbar: and which
form part of tbe transverso-spinalis of most  au-
thors. The same anatomist calls—Spinalis Dorsi
minor, Petit ijrinenx du dos—some  small, fleshy
fibres, situate on each side of the interspinal liga-
 ment.   They are short, flat,  and pass from one
spinous  process to the other.  Like the preceding,
 they form  part of  the  transverso-spinalis.   All
 these  fleshy  fasciculi  strengthen the vertebral
 column.
   SPINATT, Interspinales colli.
   SPINATUS, Spinal.
   SPINDLE TREE,  Euonymus Americnmis.
   SPINE,  Vertebral  column—s. Curvature of
 the, Gibbositas—s.  Haemal, Sternum — s. Neural,
 Spinous process.
   SPINGEL, Anethum.
   SPINI-AXOIDO-OCCIPTTALTS.  Rectus  ca-
 pitis posticus  major—s. Axo'ido-trachili-atloidien,
 Obliquus inferior capitis.
   SPINITIS, Myelitis.
   SPTNNICK, Nanus.
   SPINO-DORSITIS, Myelitis.
   SPTNOLA, see Hydrorachis.
   SPIN OS US, Spinal.
   SPINOUS,  Spino'sns,  (¥.)   Epineux,  from
 spina, '  a  thorn.'  Having the shape of a spine
 or thorn.
   Spinous Proc"esses  or Apoph'yses  of the
  Ver'tebra, Acan'tha, Spina, Cynolojthol,  Neural
 Spines  of  Mr.  Owen,  (F.)  Apojthyses ipiueuses,
 are situate at the posterior part of each vertebra,
 and afford  attachment to the muscles, whose office
 it is to extend the spine.  See Vertebra.
   SPINTIIEROPIA, Confusio.
   SPINULA. Pin.
   SPIRACULA, (F.) Spiracules, from spiro, 'I
 breathe,'  'Breathing-holes.'  Respiratory pores
 of the skin.
   SPIR2E CEREBRI, Convolutions, cerebral. 
SPIIl.EA  DENUDATA        85
   SPIR.EA DENUDATA, S. ulmaria.
   Spir^:'a  Filipen'dula,  Filipendula,  Saxif'-
 raga rubra, Drop,cort, fF.)  Filipendule.   Ord.
 Rosacea;.   Sex.  Syst.  Icosandria  Pentagynia.
 The root of this plant is said to possess astringent
 and lithontriptic virtues.
   Spiraa  Loba'ta, S. Palma'ta,  Queen ofi the
 Prairie, American Meadowsweet.  An oil, resem-
 bling oleum gaultheria?, is obtained from the roots
 and steins.
   Spir.ua  Opulifo'lia, Opulns-leaved  Spiraa,
 Nine Bark, has similar properties.
   Spiua:A Palmata, S. lobata.
   SPIRAEA  Tomentosa, Hardback, Red meadow-
 sweet, Steeple bush,  Rosy bush, White leaf.  The
 root of tbis  indigenous species,  Spira'a  (Pb.
 U. S.), which is  abundant in the northern States
 of the Union, is tonic and  astringent;  and is
 usually administered  either in the  form of ex-
 tract or decoction, (Spiraa §ss;  aqua Oj.)
   Spir/ea Trifoliata, Gillenia trifoliata.
   Sl'IR/EA  Ulma'riA, S. denuda'ta,  Ulmaria, U.
 palus'tris, Regi'na Prati, Barbn capra, Bar'bula
 cnprlna, Meadow Sweet, Queen of the Meadows,
 (¥.)  Ultuaire,  Sjtirie  ulmaire, Heine  des Pris,
  Vignette, Herbe  mix Abeilles.  The leaves  have
 been recommended  as  mild astringents and diu-
 retics— the flowers as antispasmodics  and dia-
 phoretics.
   SPIRAMENTA PULMONUM, see Pulmo.
   SPIRAMENTUM ANIMiE, Pulmo.
   SPIRAMINA  PALPEBRARUM, Lachrymal
 puncta — s. Pulmonum, see Pulmo.
   SPIRATIO, Respiration.
   SP1REE ULMAIRE, Spirsea  ulmaria.
   SPIRIT, Spir'itus ;  from spirare, ' to  breathe,
 to exhale :' (F.) Esprit, Alcoolat.   A name given
 to every  liquid product  of distillation.   Spirits
 were formerly distinguished into—inflammable,
 acid, and alkaline; and consequently a number
 of substances were crowded together, which often
 resembled each other  in no other property  than
 in being volatile.  The term is now confined to
 alcoholic liquors, of which the following are the
 chief:
   Arrack.  Distilled  from  coarse  palm sugar,
 named jaggery, fermented  with the  bark of the
 Mimosa  leucophlea; also from rice and  the fer-
 mented juice of the Palm,-  made in India.  Its
 varieties are:—
   1.  Mnhwah Arrack.   Made  in India from the
 flowers of the Madhuea tree, Bassia  butyracea.
   2.  Tuba.   Made from palm wine, in the  Phi-
 lippine Islands.
   Artil-a.   Distilled, by the Tartars, from kou-
 mis, fermented mares' milk.
   Araki.  Distilled from dates, by the Egyptians.
   Arika.  A variety  of koumis, distilled from fer-
 mented mares'  milk, in Tartary and Iceland.
   Brandy.  Distilled from wine, figs, peaches, per-
 simmon, apple, mulberries, and sometimes other
 fruits, in  Europe, Asia, North and South Ame-
 rica, wherever  wine  is  made.  The best brandy
 is that of Cognac;  the next,  that of Bordeaux
 and Rochelle.  The  varieties are —
   1. Aguardiente, (S.)  In  Peru, the  common
 brandy obtained  from grapes  is the Aguardiente
 de Pisco, so called, because  shipped  at the  port
 of Pisco.   Another  kind, much dearer,  and of
 excellent flavour, is  made from Muscatel  grapes,
 nnd is called Aguardiente de Italia.  It is some-
 times seen in the United States.
   2. Lan.   .Made  from  rice, in Siam.
   3.  Rakia.  Made  in Dalmatia from the husks
of grapes mixed with aromatics.^
   4.  Rossolio.  Made  at Dantzic, from  a com-
pound of brandy, rossolis, and other plants.
9                 SPIRIT
  5. Troster. Made on the Rhine, from the husks
of grapes, fermented with barley and rye.
  6. Sekis-kayavot/ka,  Made  from the lees of
wine and fruit at Scio.
  Geneva, Hollands, (genievre,  French for juni-
per.)   Distilled  from malted barley and rye, rec-
tified on juniper berries, in Holland.  Its variety
is—
  Gin.   Made in  England, from malted barley,
rye, potatoes; rectified with  turpentine.
  Goldwasser.   Distilled at Dantzic, from wheat,
barley, and  rye,  rectified with aniseed, cinnamon,
and other spices.
  Kirschwasser.   Distilled  from  the Malaeheb
cherry, in Switzerland.
  Maraschino.    Distilled from the  Macarska
cherry, at Zara, the capital of Dalmatia.
  Rum,  (supposed to be derived from  the  termi-
nal syllable of the word saccharum : but the abo-
riginal  Americans call this  liquor Rum.)   Dis-
tilled, in the West Indies and South America,
from   cane-sugar  and  molasses, and in  North
America from maple-sugar.   Its variety is—
  Slatknia  trava.  Made in Kamtschatka, from
a sweet  grass.
  Show-choo.   Distilled, in  China, from the lees
of mandarin, a wine made from boiled rice.
   Whisky,  (supposed  to be  derived from  usque,
the first two syllables of usqnebagh, the original
name in Ireland.) Distilled,  in Scotland and Ire-
land, from  malted and raw barley, rye, oats, and
potatoes; and in the south of France, from  sloes.
In  Ireland  it was called  buil-ceann. or madness
of the head. The best Scotch whisky is Glenlivet,
the best Irish, Ennishowen.
   Y-wer-a.  Distilled, in the Sandwich Islands,
from  the root of the  Tee-root, baked, pounded,
and fermented.
  To these  may be added an intoxicating liquor
made  by the Affghanistans, from  ewes'  milk;
and that made  in  Kamtschatka, from  a species
of mushroom, named muchumer.
  Spirit of Ammonia, Fetid, Spiritus ammoniae
foetidus—s.  of Ammonia, succinated, Spiritus am-
monia?  succinatus—s. of Aniseed, Spiritus  anisi.
  Spirit, Bathing, Freeman's, see  Linimentum
saponis compos.—s. Bathing, Jackson's, see  Lini-
mentum saponis compos. — s. Bezoardic of Bus-
sius, see Bussii spiritus Bezoarticus—s. Bone, Li-
quor vnlatilis cornu cervi.
  Spirit of Burrhus,  Burrhi spiritus matricalis
—s. of Camphor, Spiritus Camphorae—s. of Carra-
way,  Spiritus carui — s. of  Colchicum, ammoni-
ated,  Spiritus colchici ammoniatus—- s. of  Cin-
namon,  Spiritus  cinnamomi-—s. of Ether,  aro-
matic, Spiritus aetheris aromaticus.
  Spirit, Fuming, of Beguin, Ammonia? sulphure-
tum—s. Fuming, of Boyle, Ammoniae sulphuretum.
  Spirit of Hartshorn, Liquor volatilis  cornu
cervi — s.  of  Horseradish,   compound,  Spiritus
armoraciae compositus—s. of Juniper, compound,
Spiritus  juniperi  compositus — s. of  Lavender,
Spiritus  lavandulae — s. of Lavander, compound,
Spiritus lavandulae compositus—s. of Mindererus,
Liquor  ammoniae acetatis — s.  of  Nitre, sweet,
Spiritus  aetheris  nitrici—s. of Nitric ether,  Spiri-
tus  aetheris  nitrici — s. of Pennyroyal,  Spiritus
pulegii—s. of Peppermint, Spiritus menthae  pipe-
rita?.—s.  of Pimento, Spiritus pimentae.
  Spirit, Proof, Spiritus tenuior—s. Pyroxylic,
Spiritus  Pyroxylicus.
  Spirit of Rosemary, Spiritus rosmarini—s. of
Salt,  Muriaticum  acidum — s. of  Scurvygrass,
golden, see Spiritus armoracia? compositus — s. of
Spearmint,  Spiritus  menthae viridis — s. of  Sul-
phuric ether, Spiritus astheris sulphurici—s. of Sul-
phuric ether, compound, Spiritus aetheris sulphu-
rici  compositus — s. of Turpentine, Oleum  tere-
binthinae rectificatum. 
SPIRITS,  ANIMAL           8
GO
SPIRITUS
  Spirit, Verdigris, Aceticum acidum.
  Spirit of Vitriol, Sulphuric acid—s. of Wine,
Spiritus rectificatus — s. of  Wine  and camphor,
Spiritus camphorae.
  Spirit, Wood, Spiritus Pyroxylicus.
  SPIRITS. ANIMAL. Nervous fluid.
  SPIRITUOUS, Alcoholic^
  SPIRITUS. Breath, Life,' Respiration,  Spirit
— s. uEthereus nitrosus, Spiritus aetheris  nitrici
— s. ^Ethereus vitriolicus, Spiritus aetheris  sul-
phurici.
  Spir'itus  Atheris  Aromat'icus, JEther Sul-
phu'ricits cum utcoho'le aromat'icus,  Elix'ir  vi-
trioli  dulce, Sweet Elix'ir of Vit'riol,  Viga'ni'a
Elixir  of Vitriol, Aromatic Spirit  ofi  Ether.
(Cinnam. cort. contus. 3"iij, cardam. sem. contus.
.^iss, piperis longi  fruct.  cont., zingib. rad. con-
cis., sing. 2Jj, sjtiritus atheris sn/jthuric.  Oj. Ma-
Cerate, for 14 days, in a stopped  glass vessel and
strain.   Fh.  L.)   It is used as a stimulant in
nervous affections.   Dose, f^ss to  f 3"j.
  Spiritus ^Etheris Compositus, Spiritus  Athe-
ns  sulphurici compositus — s.  iEtheris  hydro-
chlorici, Spiritus ^Etheris muriatici.
  Spiritus ^Eiheris Muriati'ci, Sp. .E. Hydro-
chlo'rici,  Sjr. Muriat'icus athe'reus, Sp. Satis dul-
cis, JEther Muriaticus alcoholicns, Spirit  ofi hy-
drochloric or  muriatic  ether. Dulcified  marine
acid.  An old preparation,  made  by  adding one
part of muriatic  acid to three parts of rectified
ejn'rit.  and distilling. Its action is  like that of the
spiritus aetheris nitrici.
  Spiritus  tEtheris  Ni'trici,  Sp. JEtheris  ni-
tro'si  seu nirri" dulcis  seu  A'.tlte' reus  nitro'sns,
iEther nitricus alcoolisa'tus, A"cidum Nitri dulci-
fiealum, Street Spirit of Nitre, Nitre drojts, Sjtirit
of Nitric  Ether, (¥.)  Ether azoteux alcoolisi, Li-
queur anodine nitreuse.  (Nitrate  of  Potassa, in
coarse powder, tbij, Snljihttric acid, tbiss; Alco-
hol, Oixss ; Diluted Alcohol, Oj ; Carbonate  ofi Po-
tassa,  3j.   Mix  the  nitrate  of potassa and the
alcohol in a  large glass retort, and having gradu-
ally poured in the acid, digest with a  gentle heat
for two hours; then  raise the heat, and  distil a
gallon.  To  the  distilled  liquor add  the diluted
alcohol and carbonate of potassa, and again distil
a gallon.—Ph. U. S.)  It is refrigerant, diuretic,
antispasmodic, and diaphoretic.   Dose, gtt. xxv
to f?>.i-   Specific gravity, 0-834.
   Spiritus  ^Etheris  Oleosus,  Spiritus iEtheris
sulphurici compositus, Oleum aethereum.
   Spiritus jEtheris Sulphu'rici, yEther Sul-
phuricus cum Alcohole,  Liquor fEthe'reus Sul-
j,lindens,  Spiritus  Vitrioli  dulcis, S. fElheris
vitriol id. Liquor Sulphuricus alcoolisa'tus, Spirit
of  Sulphuric  Ether.   (.Ether,  sulphuric. Oss;
sp. red.  Oj.   Mix.  Ph. L.)  Stimulant, diapho-
retic, diuretic, and antispasmodic.   Dose, f^ss
to f ^iij.
   Spiritus Atheris Sulphurici Compos'itus,
(Ph. U. S. 1842), S. atheris vitriolic! composi-
tus  seu jE'theris com/tositns (Ph. U. S. 1851) seu
Spiritus athe'reus oleo'sus. Liquor anod'ynus seu
anodynus mineralis Hoffmanui,  Compound Spirit
of Sut/ihttric Ether, Hoffmann's Anodyne Liquor,
(¥.) Ether  hydrique alcoolisi, Ether sulfurique
alcoolisi, Esprit d'Ether sulfurique, Liqueur ano-
dine d'Hoffman.  (iEther Sulphuric. Oss : Alcohol,
Oj ; Ol. .Ether, f JJiij.  Ph. U. S.   Ph. L.)   Mix.
A stimulant  and  antispasmodic.  Specific gravity,
0-816.
   Spiritus  ^Etheris  Vitriolici Compositus,
Spiritus aetheris  sulphuric, comp.
   Spiritus  Ammo'ni.e,   Alkali  ammoni'acum
spirit no'sum. Alcohol ammonia'tum, Sp. salis am-
moni'aci, Sp. salis ammoni'aci vino'sus seu dulcis
seu dnlcificrltus, Ammoni'aca alcoholisa'ta, Li-
quor ammo'nii vino'sus, L. ammonia spirituo'sus,
 Lixir'litin  ammoniacale  vino'sum,  Solu'tio suit-
 cnrbona'tis  ammoni'aci  spiritno'sa, (¥.)  Esprit
 d'amrnoniaqite.  (Amnion,  muriat.  in  pulv. sub-
 tijjssim., calcis,  aa Ibj; alcohol,  f^x.x;   aqua,
 f^ix.   The water is employed to slake the lime;
 the muriate of ammonia is then  well mixed with
 it, and by means of heat, tbe ammonia is made to
 pass into the distilled water contained in a quart
 bottle.   Ph.  U. S.)   Stimulant and  antispas-
 modic   Dose,  f.^ss to f!Jj.
   Spiritus Am.moni.e Aromat'icus, Alcohol am-
 monia'tum  aromaticum,  Spiritus salis  volatilia
 oleo'sus seu volttti/is aromaticus seu  ammonia- ctrrn-
 jtos'itus, Sal   volatile o/eositm Sylvii,  Tinctu'ra
 aromatica ammoniata, Liquor oleo'sus Sylrii, Lix-
 iv'ium ammoniacale aromaticum. Aromatic aninio-
 nia'ted  Alcohol, Sal volat'ile  Drops.  (Amnion,
 muriat.  3"v;  Potass,  carb.  ^viij ; cinnam.  cont.,
 caryojjliyll. cont. aa 3'j :  Limon. cort. 3iv; alco-
 hol., aqua aa, Ov. M.  Distil Ovijss.  Stimulant.
 Dose, f ;jss to f 3j.
   Spiritus  Ammonite Compositus, Spiritus aro-
 maticus.
   Spiritus  Ammontje  Fce'tidus,  Sp. volat'ilis
 fiatidus, Alcohol ammonia'tum fcetidum, Tinctu'-
 ra asafiotida  ammoniata. Fetid Sjtirit of Ammo-
 nia, Fit Drojts.  (Amnion.muriat.  iyX, Potass, curb.
 3xvj. Sjt. reetificat.. Aqua aa Oiij, (Imp.  meas.)
 Assufttetid. 5jv, Distil. Oiij, (Imp. meas.)   Mace-
 rate for 12 hours, and distil Oiss.  Ph. L.)  Stimu-
 lant and antispasmodic   Dose, f^ss. to f 5Jj-
   Spiritus Ammonije Succina'tus, Sp.  Ammo-
 nia cum Suc'cino,  Sp. Salis Ammoni'aci luctes'-
 ceus  seu lacteus, Tinctu'ra ammo'nia composita,
 Ammoniacum succinu'tnm. Aqua Ltt'cia, Liquor
 ex Ammonia et Oleo Suc'cini, L.  ex'cituns, Succi-
 rrated Sjtirit ofi Ammonia, Common  Eon de Luce.
 (Mastich. ^iij, sp. rect. i'^ix, ol. Lavund. gtt. xiv,
 ol. succin.  gtt.  iv,  liq. amnion, f.^x.  Macerate
 the mastich in  the alcohol, and pour off tbe clear
 tincture: add the rest and shake.  Ph. L.)  Stimu-
 lant and antispasmodic.   Dose, gtt. x to t'Xss, or

   Spiritus Anima les, see Nervous fluid.
   Spiritus Ani'si, Sp. Anisi compos'itus,  Aqua
 anisi for'tis, A.  Sem'inurn Anisi cttrnposita,  Sjtirit
 of An'iseed, (¥.) Esprit d'unis.  (Anisi sent. cont.
 Ibss, spirit tenuior: cong., aqua quod satis sit ad
 prohibendum  empyreuma.   Ph. L.)   Carmina-
 tive.   Dose, f^ss  to f,^ss.  In  the compound
 spirit, angelica is usually an ingredient.
   Spiritus Anthos, Spiritus rosmarini.
   Spiritus Armora'cia: Compos'itus, Sp. Rapll-
 ani comjrositus, Aqua Raphani composita,  Com-
 pound Spirit ofi Horseradish, (¥.)  Esprit de rat-
 fort composi.   (Armorac.  rad.  recent,  concis.,
 intrant, cort. exsicc, sing, tbj, myrist. nttc. contus.
I 3SS> spirit, ten. cong., aqua q. s.  ad prohibendum
 empyreuma.    Ph.  L.)   Simulant and antiscor-
 butic. [?]  Dose, f^j  to f^iv.
   The  Golden  Spirit  of Scurvy grass — an em-
 pirical  preparation — is  formed  by adding gam-
 boge 3* viij, to  one  gallon of the sp. armoracia
 cornpositua.
    Greenough'a  Tincture for the teeth is formed of
 amygd. amar.  3jij, tig.  Bresil.,  cassia bacc, aa
 g"iv, it-id.  Florent. 31J. cocciuell., sal. acetosella,
 alum, aa 3J» ep. vin. rect. Oij, ep. armoracia comp.
 f'3ss.
   Spiritus Beguinis, Ammoniae sulphuretum —
 s. Bellidis, see Osmitopsis asteriscoides.
   Spiritus Camph'orje,  Sp.  Caiuphora'tus seu
 vino'sus crtmphoralus, Tinctu'ra  Camphora (Ph.
 U. S.),  Spirit  of Wine and Camphor, Sjn'rit of
 Camphor, (¥.) Esjtrit de Camphre, Alcool camphri,
 Eau  de Vie camphrie.   (Campion. 3*iv. alcohol.
 Oij.   Dissolve.)  Stimulant, anodyne and  discu-
 tient.   Used only externally. 
SPIRITUS                 861                SPIRITUS
  Spiritus  Car'ui,  Sp.  Cad Carui, Aqua Senl-
inHiit Carui fortis seu Senlinum Carui, Spirit of
Car'raway,  Strong Carui Waters, (¥.) Esprit de
Card.   (Carui sem. cont. tbiss, Sp. tenuior. cong.,
aqua q. s.   Distil a gallon.   Ph. L.)  Carmina-
tive.  Dose, f'SJj to f'3ss.
  Spiritus  Cin.namo'mi, Sp. Laurt Cinnamomi,
Aqtoi Cinnamomi fortis seu Cinnam. spirituo'sa,
Spirit   of   Ciilnarnon,   Strong  Cinnamon  Wa-
ter, (¥.) Esprit de Cannelie.   (Cort. cinnam. Q v,
sp.  rect.  Oivss.)   Stimulant  and carminative.
Dose, f 3J to f'3ss.
  Spiritus  Cou'chici   Ammonia'tus, Tinctu'ra
Colchici Compos'ita,  Ammouiated  S/tidt ofi Col-
chicum, Comjtound Tincture ofi Colchicum.  (Sem.
colchic. cont. 3jij, sp. amnion, aromat'. Oj.  Ph. L.)
Narcotic,  cathartic,  and diuretic.   Used  in gout,
rheumatism, and  dropsy.  Dose,  from gtt. xxx
to f3J.
  Spiritus  Cornu Cervi, Liquor volatilis C.C—
e. Fortior, see Alcohol—s. Fumans Beguini, Am-
monia?  sulphuretum — s. Genitalis, Aura seminis
—s. Jamaicensis, Rum.
  Spiritus  Junip'eri Compos'itus, Aqua Junip'-
eri composita, Comjtound Sjtirit  of Juniper, (¥.)
Esprit  de cjeniZvre composi.   (01. juntjt.  £is, 01.
titriti,  01. fw.nicul.,  aa,  ^x;  Alcohol dilut. Cong.
Solve. Ph.  U. S.)  Stimulant and diuretic.  Dose,
f'3J to  fgss.
  Spiritus  Lauri  Cinnamomi, Spiritus cinna-
momi.
  Spiritus  Lavan'dul.e, Sp. Lavandula spica
seu Lavand. simplex, Lavender Water, (¥.) Esprit
de  Lavande.   (Lavand. recent,  tbij.  Alcohol.
cong., aqua Oij.  Distil a  gallon.   Ph. U. S.)
Usually made by adding the oil to rectified spirit.
Used as a perfume chiefly.
  Spiritus  Lavandulae Compos'itus, Tinctu'ra
Lnrantlula  comjrosita, lied  Hartshorn, Lavender
drops, Com/round Sjtirit  ofi Larender; (¥.) Esprit
tie Lavande eomjtosi. (Sp. Lavand. Oiij., sp.  ros-
marin.  Oj, cinnam. contus. ^j, myristic. cont, 3ss,
ctiryaphyll.  cont. !Jij, sctntali concis. 3"iij.   Mace-
rate for 14 days, and filter  through  paper.   Ph.
U. S.)   Stimulant.   Dose, gtt. xl to 13MJ.
  Spiritus  Letha'lis, Carbonic acid —  s. Lum-
bricorum, Liquor volatilis cornu cervi.
  Spiritus  Mhntilb Pipehi't.e, Sp. Mentha pi-
perit'idis, Aqua Mentha pi peril idis spirituo'sa,
Spirit  ofi Peppermint,   (¥.)  Esprit  de  Menthe
 poivrie.  (Olei. menth. pip.  Qvjss. sp. rectif.
Oivss,  aqua, q. s.  Distil a gallon.  Ph. L.)  Car-
minative and stimulant.   Dose, f2[ss to f^i'j-
  Spiritus  Mentha Sativa, Spiritus inenthm
viridis.
  Spiritus  Menth.e Vir'idis,  Spiritus  mentha
sati'va. Aqua  Mentha vulga'ris spirituo'sa, Spirit
of Spearmint,  (¥.) Esprit de Menthe vert.  (Olei
Menth.  virid. J)viss, sp. rectif. Oivss, aq.  q. s.
Distil a gallon.  Ph. L.) Like the last  in  pro-
perties and  dose.
  Spiritus  Millepedarum, Liquor cornu cervi
—s. Muriaticus sethereus, Spiritus iEtheris muri-
atici.
  Spiritus  Myris'tic^e, Sp. Myristica Moscha'-
ta sou  Nucis Moschata, Aqua Nucis Moschata seu
Nephrit'ica, Nutmeg  Water, (¥.) Esprit de Mus-
cade.   (Myrist.  cont. 5*ij,  Alcohol,  dil. cong.,
aqua  Oj.  Distil a galb.11.)   Cordial and carmi-
native.  Dose, 1'3"j to f^iv.
  Spiritus  Myrti Piment.e,  Spiritus pimentae
— s. Nitri acidus, Nitric acid — s. Nitri dulcis,
Spiritus aetheris nitrici — s. Nitri  duplex, Nitric
ncid — s.  Nitri  fumans, Nitric acid —s. Nitri
Glauberi,  Nitric acid—  s. Nitri simplex, see Ni-
tric acid —  s.  Nitri vulgaris, see Nitric acid — s.
Nucis moschatu', Spiritus myristiese—s. Ophthal-
micus Mindereri, Liquor ummoniae acetatis.
    Spiritus Pimen't^e,  Sp. Myrti  Pimenta sen
  Pimento, Aqua  Mirab'ilis, Sjtirit  of  Pimento.
  (Ol. Piment. f.  SJij, Alcohol, dilut. cong.  Solve.
  Ph. U. S.) Cordial and carminative.  Dose, f 3j
  to f ^iv.
    Spiritus Pule'gii, Aqua Pulegii spirituo'sa,
  Spirit of Pennyroyal, Spirituous Pennyroyal Wa-
  ter, (¥.) Esjtrit  de Pou/iot.  (Olei pulegii ^vij,
  sp. rect. Oivss, aqua, q. s.  Distil a gallon.   Ph.
  L.)  Same  as spirit of spearmint  in  properties
  and dose.
    Spiritus Pyro-aceticus, Acetone.
    Spiritus Pyroxyl'icus,  Pyroxyl'ic  spirit,
  Wood spirit,  Wood alcohol, Pyroxylic  alcohol,
  Methylic alcohol, Hy'drated oxide of methyle, Bi-
  hydrate of Meth'ylerte, (F.) Esprit jiyroxylique,
  Esjtrit de bois.   This  substance is by  some sup-
  posed  to have been the article given in phthisis,
  by Dr. Hastings, under the names Naphtha and
  Wood Naphtha.   It was probably,  however, the
  Pyro-itcetic spirit.  See Acetone.   When wood
  is subjected to destructive distillation, about one
  per cent, of an inflammable volatile liquid, along
  with other products, passes over, which, when se-
  parated and purified, constitutes pyroxylic spirit.
  It is given in the same cases and doses as Ace-
  tone.
    Spiritus Rectifica'tus, Sp.  Vim' rectificatus
  seu  vino'sus  rectificatus, (Enostag'ma,  CEnela'-
  um, Pyroe'nus, Alcohol, A. Vini, Sjtirit ofi Wine,
  (¥.) Esprit de  Vin rectifii.   Rectified spirit is
  much  used in Pharmacy to dissolve resinous and
  other substances.  It is seldom exhibited inter-
  nally ; although  it exists in the diluted state in
  all vinous and spirituous liquors.  Externally, it
  is employed as a discutient.—S. g.,  according to
  the London Pharmacopoeia, 0-838;  according to
  that of Dublin, 0-840; of Edinburgh and  United
  States, 0835,  (see Alcohol,) and of  Paris, 0-819
  to 0-S27.
    Spiritus Rector, Aroma—s. Raphani compo-
  situs, Spiritus armoraciae compositus—s. Rorife-
  rus, Gaz sanguinis.
    Spiritus Rosmari'ni, Sp. Rosmarini ofiicina'-
  lis, Sjr. Anthos,  Spirit of Rosemary,  Hungary
  Witter,  (F.) Esjtrit de Romarin.  (01. rosmarini
  f3~iv.  Alcohol, cong.  Solve.  Ph. U. S.)  Stimu-
  lant.   Dose, fgj to"f'3"iv.
    Spiritus  Salis Acidus seu  Fumans, Muriati-
  cum acidum — s. Sali.-ammoniaci,  Spiritus am-
  monia'—s. Salis ammoniaci aquosus, Liquor am-
  moniac — s. Salis ammoniaci lactescens seu lac-
  teus, Spiritus  ammoniae succinatus—s. Salis am-
  moniaci sulphuratus, Ammonia? sulphuretum —
  s. Salis dulcis, Spiritus sutheris  muriatici—s. Salis
  Glauberi, .Muriaticum  acidum—s.  Salis marini,
  Muriaticum acidum — s. Salis  marini coagulatus,
  Potassa* murias—s. Salis volatilis oleosus, Spiritus
  ammonia?  aromaticus — s. Sulphurico-a-thereus
  camphoratus,  Tinctura aetherea composita — s.
  Sulphurico-aethereus  martialis, Tinctura seu Al-
  cohol  sulphurico-aethereus  ferri — s. Sulphuris,
  Sulphurous acid — s.  Sulphuris per campanam,
  Sulphurous acid — s. Sulphuris volatilis, Ammo-
  nia? sulphuretum — s.  Sulpburosus volatilis, Sul-
  phurous acid.
    Spiritus Tenu'ior, Alcohol  dilu'tum, Sjridtus
  vino'sus tenu'ior, Proof' Spirit,  (¥.)  Es/tdt de vin
  ditaiii.  Generally made for pharmaceutical pur-
  poses,  by mixing equal parts  of rectified spirit
  and water.  S. g. Lond. 0 920: Edinb. and Uni-
  ted States, 0-935.   It  is  employed  in  the same
  cases  as those in which the  alcohol is used: —
  chiefly, as a solvent of vegetable matters, in the
  form of tinctures.
    Spiritus Veneris. Aceticum acidum—s. Vini
I  Gallici, Brandy—s. Vini rectificatus, Spiritus rec-
|  tificatus—s. Vinosus camphoratus, Spiritus cam-
il  phora?—s. Vinosus tenuior, Spiritus tenuior — s. 
SPIROID CANAL           862            SPLENECTOPIA
Vitalis, Nervous fluid — s. Vitrioli,  Sulphuric
acid — s.  Vitrioli acidus  Vogleri,  Sulphuricum
acidum dilutum — s. Vitrioli coagulatus  Myn-
sichti,  Potassa? sulphas — s. Vitrioli dulcis, Spi-
ritus aetheris sulphurici—s. Vitrioli phlogisticatus,
Sulphurous acid—s. Volatilis aromaticus, Spiritus
ammoniae  aromaticus — s. Volatilis foetidus, Spi-
ritus ammonia? foetidus.
  SPIROID CANAL,  Aqua?duetus Fallopii.
  SPIROM'ETER; a hybrid term, from spiro,
'I  breathe,' and  pcrpov, 'a measure: — properly
Anajtnoiileter, Pneusonleter, Pneumonleter, Pneu-
matonleter, Pulmorn'eter; Pneumonom'eter.  Any
instrument for  measuring  the  quantity  of air
concerned in respiration,  and, consequently, the
capacity of the lungs.  This mode  of  measure-
ment  bas been  called Spironletry, as  it was
formerly called Pulmom'etry.   Tne term spiro-
meter  is now  usually applied to a kind  of gaso-
meter  introduced by Dr. Hutchinson to  estimate
the quantity of air  contained in, or, rather, ex-
pelled  from  the lungs under  different circum-
stances.
  SPIROPTERA IIOMINIS, see Worms.
  SPISSANTIA, Incrassantia.
  SPIT, Sputum.
  SPITAL, Hospital.
  Spit'al, Mineral Waters of.  The village of
Spital  is situate on  the south side of the Tweed,
near  Tweedmouth.  The springs  there  contain
chloride of calcium, sulphate of soda, sulphate
and carbonate  of   lime.    They act   as  saline
cathartics.
  SPITH'AMA, a-tSapn, Dodrans. A  measure
of twelve  fingers' breadth, or about nine inches.
  SPITTING, Exspuition.
  SPITTLE. Saliva —s. Sweet, see Salivation.
  SPLANCIINA, Entrails.
  SPLANCHNECTOPTA,  Splanchnodias'tasis,
Situs perrer'sus seu  anom'alus intestino'rum ; from
airXayxyov, 'an intestine,' ck, 'out of,'  and roiros,
' place.'  Misplacement or ectopia of  the intes-
tines.
  SPLANOIINELMTNTHA, Worms,
  SPLANCHNEURYS'MA.from orrXayxvov, 'an
intestine,' and evpvvot, ' I dilate'  Morbid dilata-
tion of the intestines.
  SPLANCHNIC,  S/tlanch'niens, Vis'rerrtl, (¥.)
Splanchniqne, from airXayxyov,  'a viscus.' Re-
lating  or belonging to  the viscera.
  Splanchnic  C.vv'ities are the three  great ca-
vities of the body;—those of the cranium, chest,
and abdomen.
  Splanchnic  Nerves belong to the great sym-
pathetic,  and are two in number  on  ehch side.
They  are distinguished into:  — 1.  The great
splanchnic nerve,  (¥.) Grand  sur-'-inal  (Ch.),
Its roots—four or five in number—come from the
6th, 7th, 8th, 9th, and sometimes the  10th, tho-
racic  ganglia.   They  descend   inwards,  on  the
sides ofthe vertebral column, beneath the pleura,
and unite into a single trunk, which enters the
abdomen through a separation of the fleshy fibres
of the pillars  of the diaphragm ;  passes behind
tbe stomach, and divides  into several branches,
which  pass into the semilunar ganglion.   2. The
lesser splanchnic nerve, Renal nerve, (¥.) Splanch-
niqne accessoire of Walther,  Petit surrinal, (Ch.,)
is composed of two distinct  branches, proceeding
from the 10th  and  11th thoracic ganglia, which
unite on the 12th dorsal vertebra into a cord, that
pierces the diaphragm singly;  enters  the abdo-
men, and divides into two branches, one of which
anastomoses with the  greater splanchnic nerve,
whilst  the other sends  its  filaments  to  the renal i
and solar  plexuses.                              I
  Splanch'nica.  Medicines adapted to diseases I
of the  bowels.   Also,  the 2d  order of the class !
Cteliaca of Good ; defined,—diseases affecting the
collatitious viscera, and characterized by disquiet
or diseased action in  the organs auxiliary to tho
digestive process, without primary inflammation.
  SPLANOUNODIASTAS1S,  Splanchnectopia.
  SPLANCIINOD'YNE, from  cirXayxvov,  'a vis-
cus,' and oovvi), ' pain.'  Pain in tbe bowels.
  SPLANC1INOORAPI1IA, Splanchnogrnphy.
  SPLANCIINOG'RAPHY, Splanchnogru'jthia,
from cirXayxvov, 'a viscus,' and  ypaipn, "a descrip-
tion.'  Tbe part of anatomy which  treats  of the
viscera.
  SPLANCHNOLITIirASIS; from cirXaYXvnv,
'a viscus,' and  XiOos, 'a stone.'  The  formation
of a calculous concretion in any viscus.
  SPLANCHNOLOGY, Sjrlanchnolog"!,,,  from
oirXayxnov, 'a viscus,' and Xoyos, 'a discourse.'  A
treatise on the viscera:—also,  Splanelmo«Tiiphy.
  SPLANCIINOPATIII'A, from  orrXayxvon, 'a
viscus, and nabos, 'suffering.'  A  disease ofthe
intestines.
  SPLANCTINOSCLERO'SIS, from  airXayXvov,
'a viscus,' and cKXnpas, 'hard.'  Induration  of  a
viscus.
  S P L A N CIIN 0 T' 0 M Y,   Sjtlanchnotom'ia,
Splanchnot'ome, from artXayxvui', 'a viscus,' and
rtpvia,  'I cut.'   Dissection or anatomy  of tho
viscera,
  SPLAT-FOOT, see Kyllosis.
  SPLAYFOOT, see Kyllosis.
  SPLEEN,  oirXrjv, Lien, Hepar sinis'trum  seu
adnlteri'num, Fomes  ventric'uli, Milt, (Sc) Melt,
(¥.) Rate.   A  soft,  spongy,  parenchymatous
organ ;  of a  more or less deep violet red,  situate
deeply in the left hypochondrium, below the dia-
phragm,  above the  colon, between  the  great
tuberosity of the stomach  and the cartilages of
the false ribs, and above and anterior to the kid-
ney.  Its ordinary length is 4J inches;  its thick-
ness 2J : and  its weight 8 ounces. Its parenchyma,
which is bathed in blood, contains a multitude of
grayish, soft, and semi-transparent granulations
— sjtlenic corjjuscles  or Malpighian bodies of the
spleen.  It is  covered by  a serous membrane,
furnished by the peritoneum ;  and by  a  proper
coat, of a fibrous nature, which is intimately united
with it, and  transmits  in'o its interior delicate,
solid, and very elastic prolongations—.trabecula,
At its  inner  edge is a fissure, Hilus seu Porta
fie'nis, by which the vessels and nerves  enter the
organ. The functions of the spleen are unknown.
The  best opinion is, that it appertains to  hseraa-
tosis, and acts as a diverticulum to the vascular
system.
  Spleen, Hypochondriasis — s. Malpighian bo-
dies  of  the, see Spleen — s. Supernumerary,
Lienculus.
  SPLEENWORT, Asplenium, A. filix foemina,
Asplenium scolopendrium — s.  Bush,  Comptonia
asplenifolia.
  SPLEN, Spleen.
  SPLENAL'GIA, Neuralgia  lie'nis, Sjtle'nica,
Splenodyn'ia, from splen, aud aXyos, ' pain.'  Pain
in the spleen.
  Splenalgia  Bengalensis, see Cachexia,  sple-
nic— s. Phlegmonodea, Splenitis—s. Subinflam-
matoria chronica, Splenoncus.
  SPLENATROPHTA, Atrophia Lie'nis,  from
splen,  and  atrophia,   'atrophy.'   Wasting or
atrophy of the  spleen.
  SPLENAUXE. Splenoncus.
  SPLENECTAMA, Splenoparectama.
  SPLENECTASIS, Splenoparectama.
  SPLENECTOMTA,  Splenec'tome, from splen,
ck, ' out of/  and repvur, ' I cut.'  Extirpation of
the spleen.
  SPLENECTOPTA,   Disloclio seu  Ectopia
lie'nis  seu sjtfem's,  Anomosplinotopie — Piorry;
from splen, and cktoxos, (ik, and roiroy,) 'out of 
SPLENEMPHRAXIS          863               SPONDLES
place' Dislocation of the spleen.  Not a common
occurrence.
  SPLEN EMPHRAX'IS, Splcnophrax'ia, from
t)tleu, and ep'ppaaaot. 'I  obstruct.'  Obstruction
of the spleen.—Vogel.   See  Splenoncus.
  SPLENES,  Hypochondriasis.
  SPLENET'ICUS, Sjtle'nicus, Sjrlenilic.us, Lie-
no'sus, (¥.) Ratelenx.  That  which relates to the
spleen : one labouring under diseased spleen.  A
medicine adapted for diseases of the spleen.
  SPLENIC,  Spie'niens,  Spie'nine,  (F.)  Spli-
nt que, from  splen.  That which  relates  to the
spleen.
  Splenic Artery.   It arises  from the coeliac;
and passes  from  right to  left,  forming many
windings along the  upper edge of the pancreas,
which lodges  it in a special groove.  It reaches
the fissure of the spleen, and divides into several
I,ranches that enter  the organ.  In its course it
furnishes  the pancreatic, left gastro-epiploic, and
the rasa brevia.
   Splenic Cachexia, see Cachexia splenica — s.
 Corpuscles, see Spleen.
   Splenic Plexus  is a nervous  network, which
proceeds  from the  coeliac'plexus, and accompa-
 nies  the splenic artery, sending secondary plex-
 uses to each division.
   Splenic  Vein,  Venn sple'nica,   V.  liena'lis,
 arises from the spleen, and accompanies the sple-
 nic artery;  proceeding from left to right, to unite
 with the  superior mesenteric vein, and to form,
 with it, the abdominal vena porta.  In  its course,
 it receives veins corresponding.to  the vasa brevia,
 the right and left gastro-epiploic, the duodenal,
 pancreatic, coronaria ventriculi, and inferior me-
 senteric veins.
   SPLENICA, Splenalgia. Also, medicines which
 affect the spleen. — Pereira.
   SPLENICUS, Spleneticus, Splenic.
   SPLENIOLA, Compress.
   SPLENIS  TUMOR, Ague cake.
   SPLENISA TION, Splenization.
   SPLENISCUS, Compress.
   SPLENETICUS,  Splenic.
   SPLENI'TIS, frora splen,  and itis, denoting
 inflammation.  Inflammation of the spleen.  Em-
 jrres'ma splenitis, Infiamma'tio lie'nis, I.  splen is,
 Splenalgia jthlegmono'dea,  Lieni'tis, (¥.)  Spli-
 nite, Inflammation de  la Rate.   A rare disease,
 characterized by local pain, swelling, and  heat,
 which sometimes terminates by suppuration.  It
 generally affects the capsule—Episplenltis,  Peri-
 splenitis—and must be treated like other inflam-
 mations.
   SPLENIUM,  Compress —s. Corporis  Callosi,
 see Corpus  callosum — s.  Cruciatum,  Croix  de
 Malte.
   SPLE'NIUS, S. Cajt'itis seu Colli, (¥.) Ccrvico-
 dorso-masloidien et dorso-trachilierr, Cervico-mas-
 to'idien (Ch.), Posterior mastoid muscle.   So called
 ffom its resemblance to the  sjtleen of certain ani-
 mals.  A muscle situate at  the posterior part of
 the neck, and upper part of the back.   It is much
 broader above than  below, where it terminates in
 a point.  It is attached, by its  inner edge, to  the
 spinous processes of the first five dorsal vertebrae ;
 to that of the 7th cervical, and to  the inferior part
 of the posterior cervical ligament.  By its upper
 extremity,  it is  attached to the  transverse pro-
 cesses of the first  two  cervical vertebrae, to  tbe
 mastoid process, and  to  the posterior surface of
 the occipital  bone.   Some have  considered this
 muscle to be formed of two  portions, which they
 have called Splenius colli, and  Splenius  cap'itis.
 The  splenitis extends  the head,  inclines it, and
rotates it.   If the splenii of each side act together,
thev extend the head.
   SlM.ENIZ.VTION.ifyfriiiWi'o, Splcnifica'tion,
Splenifica'tio, (¥.)  Spliiiisation,  from splen.  A
; term applied to the state of the lung in the first or
 second stage of pneumonia, in which its ti-sue re-
 sembles that of the spleen.
   SPLENOCE'LE, Her'nia lienalis, from  splen,
 and  KrrXri,  'a tumour.'  Hernia formed  by  the
 spleen.
   SPLENODYNIA, Splenalgia.
   S P L E N 0 G ' R APIIY, Splenograph'ia, from
 splen, and ypatpn, 'a description.'  A  description
 of the spleen.
   SPLENOHiE'MIA,  (F.)   Sjtlinohimie, from
 sjrlen, and 'atpa,  'blood.'  Congestion  or hyper-
 asmia of the  spleen, a common phenomenon in
 many  diseases, especially  in  typhoid and inter-
 mittent fevers.
   SPLENOID,  SplenoY'ties,  Sjr/eno'des, from
 splen,   and  ciSos,  'resemblance.'   Spleen-like.
 Having the appearance of the spleen.
    SPLENOL'OGY,  Splenolog"io, from  splen,
 and Xoyos,' a discourse.' A treatise on the spleen.
    SPLENOMALA'CIA,  Lienomala' da, from
 splen,  and  puXaKos, 'soft.'  Morbid softening of
 the spleen.
    SPLENOXCIE, Splenoncus.
    SPLENON'CUTS, 31'ego I'osjilV'nia, Hypertropilia
 seu  Sujternntril'io splenis seu lie'nis, Intumescen'-
 tia seu Infiarc'tits seu Physco'nia Hem's, Splenal-
 gia siiltiiifiammato'ria chronica, Sjtleucmjihrax'is,
  Splenaux'e, Hypersjtlenotrojill ia,  Lien  irigerts,
  (¥.) Sjtlinoncie,  Hypertrophic de  la Rate; from
 splen. and oysos,' a tumour.'   Tumefaction of the
  spleen.  See Ague cake.
    SPLENOPARECTAMA,  Sjt/cuec'tatna, Sjtle-
  noparec' tasis,  Splenec' tasis,  from  splen,  and
  irapeKrapa,  'excessive  volume.'   Excessive  en-
  largement of the spleen. — Ploucquet.
    SPLENOPAREOTASIS,  Splenoparectama.
    SPLENOPHRAXIA. Splenemphraxis.
    SPLENORRHAG'TA,  from  splen, and payn
  'rupture.'  Hemorrhage from the spleen.
    SPLENOSCIR'RHUS,  from splen, and ottppos,
  'hardness.'   Scirrhus or cancer of the spleen.
    SPLENOT'OMY,  Sjtlcnotom'ia,  Sp/cnolome,
  from splen, and  repvot, 'I cut,'   Dissection of the
  spleen.
    SPLINT, Tent. S pi i n ter,  from  splijten,
  'to split;' Hastella, Ass'ula, Asser'cnlum, Plinj'-
  nla, Narthex, Fer'ula,  (¥.)  Attelle,  Eclisse.  A
  flexible and resisting lamina  of wood, used in tbe
  treatment of fractures, to keep the fragments in
  apposition,  and  prevent  their  displacement.
  Splints  are made of iron, wood, bark of trees,
  leather, gutta percha, pasteboard, &c.  They are
  generally padded, and are fixed by a roller or by
  tapes, according to circumstances.
    SPLINTER,  (F.)  Esquille.    Same  etymon.
  This term is sometimes applied to a small portion
  of wood, which  occasionally  enters the  skin, and
  gives  occasion  to much irritation, until it is re-
  moved,— Acu'leus lig'neus. (¥.) Echarde.
    It is also applied  to fragments that  separate
  from a fractured or diseased  bone.
    SPLITCLOTH, Lin'team svissum.  A bandage
  for  the head, consisting of a  central part, and six
  or eight tails.   The single  s/,/it  cloth has  four
  tails.   It  is  regarded  as tho  most  convenient
  bandage for the  head, face and jaws.
    SPLITROCK. Heuchera cortusa.
    SPOAT. Saliva.
    SPODIUM GR.ECORUM. Album griecura.
    SPOLIARIUM. Apodvterium.
    SPO'LIATIYE. Spoliatlra. from sjroliare, spo-
  liatum, ' to take  away.'  (F.)  Sjtoliatif.   Phlebo-
  tom'ia spoliati'va. (F.) So,',/uie spoliative. Blood-
  letting, used for the purpose of diminishing the
  mass of blood.
 [   SPOLTATORIUM, Apodyterium.
    SPONDLES,  Vertebra?. 
SPONDYLALGIA           8G4            SPRUCE  BEER
  SPONDYLALGIA, Spondylodynia, from
trrrovivXos, ' a vertebra,' and  aXyos, 'pain.'  Pain
in the vertebrae.  Cacorrhachitis.  See Vertebral
Disease.
  SPONDYLARTHRITIS, from oirovc-vXos,  'a
vertebra,' apdpov, 'a joint,' and itis, denoting in-
flammation.  Gouty or rheumatic inflammation
of the spinal column.
   SPONDYLARTHROCACE, Vertebral disease.
   SPONDYLI, Vertebra?.
   SPONDYLIS, Coccyx.
   SPONDYLI'TIS, Infiamma'tio ver'tebra, from
<r?roi/(5uAo;, and  itis, denoting inflammation.  In-
flammation of the vertebrae.
   SPONDYLIUM, Coccyx,  Heracleum  spondy-
lium.
   SPONDYLOCACE, Vertebral disease.
   SPONDYLODYNIA, Spondylalgia.
   SPONDYLOPATHI'A, from onovovXos, 'a ver-
tebra,' and  rrados,  'a  disease.'  A disease  of the
vertebral column.
   SPONDYLOPYOSIS, Vertebral disease.
   SPOND'YLUS, oirovdvXos.  A vertebra.  Also,
the vertex.
   SPONGE, BASTARD, Alcyonium.
   SPONGI.  The tumefied glands of the neck.
   SPON'GIA, S. officinalis sea.  Marina, Spon-
gos, Sjthoiigue, Sjtonge, (¥.) Ejronge.  An organ-
ized marine substanoe, of the Claee Porifera, met
with  in  many  seas, but especially in the Medi-
terranean  and Arabian.  It is  supple,  elastic,
porous, and capable of absorbing fluids in which
it may be placed, and of thus increasing in size.
It is employed in  surgery, for cleansing or wash-
ing ;  for absorbing acrid discharges from ulcers;
suppressing hemorrhage when the mouth of the
vessel can be compressed by it, and  for forming
tents for dilating  wounds;  in which case,  the
sponge  is immersed in melting wax, and cooled
before being  used,   It  is  then  called  Sjtongia
cer-a'ta,  Waxed, Cera'ted or Prepared Sjtonge or
Sponge Tent.
   Spongia Assa, S. Usta—s. Cerata, see  Spongia
— s. Cynosbati, Bedegar.
   Spongia Usta, S. Assa, Carbo epon'gia, Burnt
Sjtonge,  contains  carbonate and  phosphate  of
lime, carbonate of soda, charcoal, and iodine.  It
is used in bronchocele, scrofulous  affections, and
herpetic eruptions ; and  its good  effects seem to
be dependent upon iodine.   It is made by cutting
sponge  into pieces, and  heating it, that  any ex-
traneous matter may  be separated ; burning it in
a close iron vessel until it  becomes black and
friable,  and, lastly, rubbing  it into very fine pow-
der.—Ph. U. S.  Dose, 3j to ^iij.
   SPON'GLE  LAPIS.  A  name given  to small
friable stones found in sponge.  They were for-
merly esteemed lithontriptic.
   SPONGIODES, Spongoid.
   SPONGIOLE, Sporlgiolum, Spon'giola, Spon-
ge'let; from enroyytov, 'a  small sponge.'   The soft
succulent extremity of the fibrils or true  roots of
a plant, by which it  absorbs or sucks up fluid.
Similar spongioles  have  been supposed  to exist
nt the terminations of the absorbents  in animals.
   SPON'GION.  Ancient name  of  an  epithera
made of goats' dung: and also  of a malagma,
which was  considered capable of absorbing  the
serum in dropsies, like a sponge. — Paulus, Gor-
raeus.
   SPONGIO-PILINE, from  spongia, 'sponge,'
and pilus, ' a hair.'  A fabric, composed of sponge
and wool, felted  together  in three  layers, and
coated,  on one of its surfaces, with  caoutchouc,
which renders it impermeable.  It is of great ser-
vice as  a cataplasm, fomentation,   vehicle  for
lotions,  liniments,  <fec.
  SPONGIOSUM (OS),  Ethmoid bone.
   SPONGIUSUS, Spongoid.
  SPONGOID, SpoitgoVdcs, Sjrongitr'des, Sport.
gio'sus, Sjrongy, from triroyyta, 'sponge,' and ctios,
'resemblance.'  Resembling sponge.  Of the na-
ture  of sponge.
  Spongoid Inflammation, Hasmatodes fungus.
  Spongoid Tissue,  (F.)  Tissu sjiongo'iiU.   An
adventitious  spongy  tissue, found in cases of
rickets. — Guerin.
  SPONGOS, Tonsil.
  SPONGY. Spongoid.
  Spongy Tissue, see Bone.
  SPONSA SOLIS. Calendula officinalis.
  SPONTANEOUS, Sponta'neus, (¥.) Sptrntanie,
from  sjtonte, 'voluntarily.'  That which  occurs
of itself, or without any manifest external  cause.
Evacuations  are  termed spontaneous, which  are
not produced by medicine.  Sponta'neous  las'ti-
tude is  that which  is not  the  result of fatigue.
Diseases are also  spontaneous which supervene
without apparent cause.   Sponta'neous Amjmttl-
tion is the separation of a limb from the foetus in
utero.
  Spontaneous Evolution, see Evolution — s.
Version, Evolution, spontaneous.
  SPONTEPARITE, Generation, spontaneous.
  SPOON, Umbilicus.
  SPOONWOOD, Kalmia latifolia, Tilia Ameri-
cana.
  SPORAD'IC, Sjtor'ades, Sjrorad'ici, Morbi dis-
jter'si seu sparsi, (¥.) Maladies sjtoradiques, from
otretpto, 'I spread.'   Diseases which supervene in-
differently in  every season and situation, from
accidental causes, *and independently of any epi-
demic or contagious influence.
  SPORE,  Sjtor'ule,  Sporum,  Spor'nlutn, from
o-ziiput, 'I sow.'  The reproductive body in cryp-
togamous plants, which is analogous to the  seed
of phanerogamous plants.
  SPORIDTUM ;  same etymon.  The reproduc-
tive  body in algaceous plants,  which resembles
the spore of other plants.
  SPORULE, Spore.
  SPORUM, Spore.
  SPOTS,  CEREBRAL,  Tachea cirebroles — s.
Germinal, see Molecule — s. Meningitic,  Tachea
tninirrgitiquea.
  Spots,  Red, (F.)  Tachea rouges, Rose spirts,
Rose'trla seu Pap'nia typho'sa.  Small red spots
which  appear in typhoid  fever, from the  8th to
the 15th day of the disease.  They are most fre-
quently seen on the lower and  middle portions of
the chest, and upper part of the abdomen.
  Spots, Rose, Spots, red.
  SPRAIN, corrupted from strain  [?]—Subluxa'-
tio, Distor'tio, Dias'trophe,  Ditistrenlma,  Luxil-
tio imperfecltt, Exarthre'rna, Exarthro'sis,  Strern-
tna,  Th/asma  Strernma,  Wrench,  (Sc.)  Wrttmji,
(Prov.)  Kench, Keak, (¥.) Ditorse, Enforce, Foii-
lure.  A violent straining or twisting of tbe soft
parts surrounding the joints.   According  to  thy;
degree of the sprain, the fibrous parts of the joint
may be simply stretched, or they  may be  rup-
tured.   This affection, which has  been regarded
as incomplete luxation,  occurs, particularly, in
the ginglymoid joints; — as in the foot, wrist,
knee, <fec.   The  violence  causes  an  afflux of
blood; the serum of the blood is poured out, and
often  the blood itself, owing  to the rupture of
vessels; and inflammation arises,  which ends in
resolution  or  induration.  Local,  antiphlogistic
applications are required, with  perfect rest;  and,
when the inflammatory action has subsided, cold
pumping and  friction, with the application  of a
plaster and bandage, will  afford support till tbe
parts affected recover their due tone.
  SPRAT, YELLOW-BILLED, Clupea thryssa.
  SPRUCE BEER, White Spruce Beer.   A  beer
made as follows: To 10 gallons of water, add 0
pounds  of sugar, and 4 oz. of  essence of  sjtruce. 
SPUITIO                865                STAGMA
Add yeast, and bottle, when ready.  It is grate-
ful and antiscorbutic.
  Spruce  Beer Powders  may be formed  of
white sugar, Q, and J^ij ;  soda subcarb., gr. xxvj;
essence of spruce, gr. x, in each blue paper;  and
add of tartar, gss in each white paper.  For half
a pint of water.
  SPUITIO, Exspuition.
  SPUMA ARGENTI,  Plumbi  oxydum  semi-
vitreum— s. Cerevisiae, Yest—s. Trium dracouum,
Antimonium muriatum.
  SPUMEUX, Frothy.
  SPUMOSUS, Frothy.
  SPUNK, Boletus igniarius.^
  SPUR,  Sax.  jrpup,  (F.)  Eperon des Arth-es.
 The angle at which the arteries leave a cavity or
 trunk.
  Spur,  Ergot.
  SPURBLIND, Mvopic.
  SPURGE,  CAPER,  Euphorbia  lathyris —s.
 Cypress, Euphorbia Cyparissias—s. Flax, Daphne
 gnidium — s. Flowering,  large, Euphorbia  corol-
 lata—s. Garden, Euphorbia  lathyris—s. Greater,
 Euphorbia palustris—s. Ipecacuanha, Euphorbia
 ipecacuanha.
  Spurge Laurel, Daphne laureola.
  Spurge, Marsh, Euphorbia palustris.
   Spurge Olive, Cneorum tricoccum, Daphne
 mezereum.
  Spurge, Petty, Euphorbia* peplus—s. Sea,
 Euphorbia paralias—s. Spotted, Euphorbia  ma-
 culata—s. Sun, Euphorbia helioscopia—s.  Wart-
 wort, Euphorbia helioscopia,
  SPUTA, PRUNE JUICE, see Prune Juice.
  SPUTAMEN, Saliva, Sputum.
   SPUTAMENTUM, Saliva, Sputum.
  SPUTATIO, Exspuition.
   SPUTATTON, Exspuition.
   SPUTATORIUS, Expectorant.
  SPUTUM, plural Sputa, Ajtochrem'ma, Chrem-
 ma, Emjttys'ma, Sputa'men, Pty'elon,  Pytis'ma,
 Spit, from spuere, sputum, 'to spit.'  (F.) Crachat.
 The secretions ejected from the mouth in the act
 of spitting. It is composed of saliva, and of the
 mucus secreted by the mucous membrane of the
 nasal fossa? and fauces, and often by the  mem-
 brane of  the  larynx and bronchia. The sputa
 are, sometimes, called eru'ginous, when of a green-
 ish-yellow colour; gummy, when they  resemble
 a thick solution of gum; frothy, (¥.) mousseux,
 when covered  with froth;  rubig"inous, (¥.) rubi-
 gineux ou rouillis, when of a reddish-yellow ;  and
 streaked,  (¥.)  striis, when mixed with lines of
 blood.  Also, saliva.
  Sputum Cruentum,  Haemoptysis — s.  Dulce,
 Saccharorrhoea pulmonalis—s. Oris, Salivation—
 s. Saccharatum, Saccharorrhoea  pulmonalis — s.
 Sanguinis. Haemoptysis.
  SQUALLING, Vagitus.
  SQUAMA, Scale, Squamous portion,  Table.
  SQUAMAE.  Scaly diseases.
  SQUAMA RIA, Plumbago Europtea.
  SQUAMEUN, Squamous.
  SQUAMIF0R.M1S, Squamous.
  SQUAMOUS, Squamo'sus, Lepido'i'des,  Lepi-
do'des, Sqitamifior'mis,  Scaly; from squama, 'a
scale.' That which relates to or resembles a scale.
  Squamous Portion of  the temporal bone, (F.)
Portion sqnamcitse ou icail/euse du Temporal, is
the upper part of the temporal, so called from  a
fancied resemblance to  a scale.   See Temporal
Bone.
  Squamous Suture, Sutu'ra squamo'sa seu ???e??-
do'sa sen lepido'i'des seu  lepido'des seu cra'nii
squamo'°a, (¥.) Suture  squameuse  ou icailleuse.
The suture which unites the squamous portion of
the temporal bone to the parietal.
  Certain   scaly cutaneous  affections  are  also
called squamous, (¥.) squameux.  See Scale.     |
      55
   SQUARE  STALK, Monarda coccinea.
   SQUARRA TONDENS, Porrigo decalvans.
   SQUATTING PILLS, Pilulae opiatae.
   SQUAW-MINT, Hedeoma.
   SQUAW-ROOT, Actaea racemosa,  Caulophyl-
lum thalictro'ides, Senecio aureus.
   SQUAW-WEED. Erigeron Philadelphicum.
   SQUEAMISHNESS, Fastidium cibi.
   SQUEAZINESS, Nausea.
   SQUELETTE, Skeleton.
   SQUELETTOLOGIE, Skeletology.
   SQUILL, Scilla—s. Vinegar of, Acetum scillae.
   SQUILLA, Scilla.
   SQUINANCIE, Cynanche, Cynanche  tonsil-
laris.
   SQUINANCY, COMMON,  Cynanche  tonsil-
laris.
   SQUINANTHIA,  Cynanche.
   SQUINANTHUS, Juneus odoratus.
   SQUINE, Smilax  China.
   SQUINSY, Cynanche tonsillaris.
   SQUINT-EYED, see Strabismus.
   SQUINTER, see Strabismus.
   SQUINTING, Strabismus.
   SQUINZEY, Cynanche tonsillaris.
   SQU1RRE, Scirrhus—s. en Cuirasse, see  Lig-
neous.
   SQUIRRHE, Scirrhus.
   SQUIRREL  CORN, Dicentra Canadensis.
   SQUIRREUN, Scirrhous.
   SQUIRROGASTRIE, Scirrhogastria.
   SQUIRRUS, Scirrhus.
   SQUIRT, Syringe.
   STACHELBERG, MINERAL WATERS OF.
Stachelberg Springs  are far down  in  the valley
of  the Linth, in Switzerland.   The  waters are
sulphureous,  and are much visited by gouty and
rheumatic invalids.
   STACHYS FCETIDA, Galeopsis.
   STACTE, Myrrha.
   STADE, Stage.
   STADIUM, Period, Stage.
   Sta'dium Acmes seu Sta'seos.  The period of
the height of a disease.
   Sta'dium Annihilatio'nis seu Convalescen'-
tijr seu Reconvalescenti^e.  The period of re-
covery from disease.
   Stadium Augmen'ti seu Incremen'ti Morbi.
The period or stage of  increase of a disease.
   Stadium Caloris, Stage,  (hot) — s. Convales-
centiae, S. annihilationis.
   Stadium Decremen'ti.  The  period or stage
of decrease of a disease.
   Stadium  Frigoris,  Stage, (cold) — s.  Incre-
menti  Morbi, S. Augmenti  morbi — s. Latentis
Contagii, Prodromus—s. Opportunitatis, Prodro-
mus—s. Prodromorum, Prodromus—s. Reconva-
lescentiae, S.  Annihilationis.
   STAFF, (D.)  Staf.   An  instrument of great
importance in lithotomy,—being the director for
the gorget or knife.   It is made of steel; and tbe
handle is flat and rough, in  order that it may be
more securely held.   Tbe groove is on its convex
surface.
   STAFF TREE,  CLIMBING,  Celastrus scan-
dens.
   STAFFA. Stapes.
   STAG'S PIZZLE, see Cervus.
   STAGE, Sta'dium, (¥.)  Estage, Etage,  Stade.
The period or degree of a disease; especially the
period of an intermittent: — as the eold stage,—■
sta'dium fri'goris — hot stage, &e,
  STAGGERBUSII,  Andromeda mariana.
  STAGGERWEED, Delphinium.
  STA'GIUM.  The  sixth part of an ounce.
  STAGMA,  from  ora£u?,  'I distil;' Stalag'ma.
Any distilled  liquid or liquor.
  Stagma, Gutta. 
STAGNATION             8
  STAGNATION,  Stagna'tio,  from  stagnare, I
stagnatum, ' to form a pond,' (stagnant, 'a pond.')
Accumulation and  retardation of fluids in any
part of the body.
  STAGNUM  CHYLI, Reeeptaculum chvli.
  STAHLIAN.  One who follows  the  doctrine
of Stahl.
  STAHLTANISM.   The doctrine of  Stahl,
which considered  every  vital  action under the
direction  and presidency of the soul.  See  Ani-
mist,
  STALAGMA, Stagma.
  STALAGMI'TIS CAMBOGIOJt'DES, S. Cam-
bo'gia, from oraXaypos,  'a drop' — the  gum ex-
uding by drops.   Gamboge was long ascribed to
this fancied Ceylonese  plant.   It is now known,
that the name was given by Murray to specimens
of  two distinct trees  of different  genera.   See
Cambogia,
  STALAGMOS,  Distillation.
  STALE,  Urine.
  STALTICUS, Tncarnans.
  STAMMERING, Balbuties—s. ofthe Fingers,
Cramp, writers'.
  STAMP, Cachet—s. Medicine, Cachet—-s. Ocu-
list, Cachet.
  STAMPING MILL, see Pulverization.
  STANG. see Throbbing.
  STANGOS,  Tin.
  STANNI MURIAS, Tin, muriate of—s.  Oxy-
duli murias. Tin, muriate of— s. Pulvis, see Tin.
   STANNIOLUM, Tinfoil.
  STANNUM. Tin —s. Cinereum,  Bismuth —s.
Foliatum, Tinfoil—s. Glaciale, Bismuth—s. Gra-
nuiatum. see Tin — s. Indicum, Zincum.
  STAPEDIEN. Stapedius.
  STAPE'DIUS,  Stapes,  (¥.) Stapidien, Pyra-
midal-stapidien.   A  muscle of the middle ear,
which draws the stapes obliquely upwards.
   STAPES, genitive  Sta'pedis, (sto and  pes,)
Stapha, Staffa, 'a  stirrup.'  (F.)  Etrier.  The
innermost of the small bones of the ear, so called
because it resembles a stirrup.  It is situate  hori-
zontally  in the cavity  of the  tympanum.  Its
bead, which is directed outwards,  is articulated
with the  os orbiculare.  Its base faces inwards,
and  is applied to  the  fenestra ovalis,  which  it
closes imperfectly, and to the membrane of which
it is united. Its branches are one  anterior, and
the other posterior.  They are curved; and the
space between  them is parabolic. Surgeons have
given the  name  Stapes  to a bandage used in
bleeding frora the foot; which forms a figure of 8
around the ankles.
   STAPHA, Stapes.
   STAPHIS, Delphinium staphisagria.
   STAPHISAGRIA, Delphinium staphisagria.
   STAPHISAIGRE. Delphinium staphisagria.
   STAPHYCUMATO'MA, from oratpvXn,  'the
uvula,' and hamatoma.   A tumour formed by ef-
fusion  of blood beneath the  mucous membrane
 of  the uvula.
   STAPHYLAGRA, Stnphylepartes.
   STAPTIYLE, Uvula, see Vitis vinifera.
   STAPHYLEPAR'TES,  from  aratpvXr,,  'the
uvula,' and eiratpur, ' I lift up.'  Staph'ylagra. An
instrument for laying hold of, and removing the
 uvula. — Paulus.
   STAPHYLINT, see Azygos muscle—s. Medii,
 see Azvsros muscle.
   STAPHYLINO-PHARYNGEUS, Palato-pha-
 rvnireus.
  ' STAPHYLTNUS EXTERNUS,  Circumflexus.
   STAPHYLTS. Nipnle.
   STAPHYLITIS, Uvulitis.
   STAPHYLIUM. Nipple.
   STAPHYLODIALYSIS,  Cionis,  Staphyloe-
 dema.
6                STARCH
I   STAPIIYLfFDE'MA, from ara^vXr,,' the uvula,'
 and oedema.  Angi'na nrula'ris, Dysjtha'gia tim-
 lo'sti,  Hypostapllyl'e, llypastuphylilis,  Staplii/lo-
 elialysis, Prolttjrsns sen  Propto'sis sen Casus seu
 (Edema u'vula, Himas, llimanto'ma, Ilimanlo'sis,
 Stajthylon'cns, Stu/ihyloilcia, Proline'tin urn I it il
 pitnltd, U'rula decid'ua seu  rclaxilta,  Cras'-
 peiton.  Relaxation and tumefaction of the uvula,
 which, either from inflaniinatioii or infiltration,
 hangs down so as  to  occasion difficult deglu-
 tition, cough, &c.  Scarification, astringent gar-
 gles,  and, if necessary, excision, constitute the
 treatment,
   STAPIIYLO'MA,  from  txratpoXn, 'a  grape.'
 Uva'tio, Myoceph'alon, My'ioccjtllalum, Paro/t'sis
 Staphylo'ma, Stajthylo'sis, Po/ygro'tua.   A name
 given to different tumours of the anterior surface
 of the globe of the eye.
   Staphyloma Conicum, Staphyloma ofthe cor-
 nea— s. Pellucidum  conicum, Staphyloma of the
 cornea.
   Staphyloma of the Cornea, Sugar-loaf Cor-
 nea or Conical Cornea, Conical hydrophthalmia,
 Staphylo'ma  conicum seu pellu'cidum conicum,
 Conophlhal'mia, Prolap'sns  cor'nea, Ccraton'cns,
 Hypercerato'sis, Hypcrcer'asis,  is  an  unequal,
 embossed,  bluish  or whitish,  round  or  conical
 tumour; of variable size; formed by the projection
 of the  transparent  cornea, which  is sometimes
 extenuated and distended, at others thickened.
   Staphyloma  of  the Iris  is the disease de-
 scribed  by Scarpa under the  name Procidentia
 Iridis.  It is hernia  of  the iris, through an acci-
 dental opening of  the cornea.   Also, iridauxesis.
   Staphyloma of the Sclerot'ic, Staphyloma
 sclerolica, differs from the last, in the prominence
 existing on a part of the eye covered by the scle-
 rotic,  which is much thinner.
   Staphyloma Uve.e, Iridauxesis.
   STAPHYLONCIA, Staphyloedema.
   STAPHYLONCUS, Staphyloedema.
   STAPHYLOPLAS'TIC,   Staphyloplasties,
 from  oTatltvXn, 'the uvula,' and irXaoooi, 'I form.'
 An epithet applied to the  operation for replacing
 the soft palate, when it has been lost.  Staphylo-
 plasty,  Palatoplasty, a word of hybrid formation,
 is the operation for closing the palatine vault.
   STAPHYLOR'RAPHY,  Velosyutllesis,  Sta-
 jthylorrlia'jthia, Kionorrha'phia, Cionorrhapllia,
 Uranor' rhajthe, Uranorrh a' phi a, Uraniscorrhtl -
 phia, Uraniscor'rhaphe, from aratpvXn,  'the uvu-
 la,' and patpn, 'a suture.'  The  operation for uni-
 ting a cleft palate. It consists in paring the edges
 ofthe cleft;  passing ligatures through  them, aud
 bringing them together.
   STAPHYLOSIS,  Staphyloma.
   STAPHYLOTOMY, Staphylotom'ia, from ara-
 $\Xr), 'the  uvula,'  and ropt],  'incision.'   Amputa-
 tion of  the uvula.
   STAR  APPLE,  BROAD-LEAVED,  Cbryso-
 phyllum cainito—s.  Blazing, Aletris farinosa—s.
 Bloom, Spigelia  Marilandica — s.  Grass, Aletris
 farinosa, Hypoxys erecta.
    Star, Knap-weed, Centaurea calcitrapa.
    Star of the North, Geum urbanum.
    Star Stroke, Conp-de-soleil—s. Wort, Aletris
 farinosa — s. Wort, golden,  Bubonium — s. Wort,
 water, Callitriche verna.
    STARBECK SPA.  A chalybeate  spring  at
 Harrogate.
    STARCH, Sax. rtapc, 'rigid, stiff,'  Amylum.
    Starch, Animal,  Corpora amylacea — s. Blue,
 Smalt — s. Canna, Tous-les-mois.
    Starch  Corpuscles, Corpora amylacea.
    Starch,  Iodide of,  Iodidum seu lodure'tum
 Am'yli, Am'ylum ioda'tum, (¥.) Iodure d'Ami tit,u ;
 prepared by triturating iodine and starch, is said
 to have the eutropbic  effects of iodine; but, by
i some, is esteemed inert.   Dose, four to six grains. 
STARKEY'S  PILLS           86
7
STEGNOTICA
  Starch, Potato, see Solanum tuberosum.
  Starch Sugar, Glucose.
  Starch, Tacca, Arrowroot, Tahiti.
  STARKEY'S PILLS, see  Pilulae ex helleboro
et myrrha.
  STASE,  Stasis.
  STASIS, araais, from arato, 'I stop,' (F.) Stase.
This word  has  nearly  the same signification  as
stagnation.   Stagnation, however,  sometimes in-
cludes a morbid condition of the fluids,— Stasis
never.
  Stasis, Station.
  STATE MEDICINE, Medicine, state.
  STATIC,  Statical,  Staticus,  (¥.)  Statique.
Same etymon.   An epithet applied to the physi-
cal phenomena presented  by  organized  bodies in
contradistinction to the organic or  vital.
  STATTCA SEPTI NA'RIUM,  Appen'dix cn-
ta'nea septi na'rium.   The cutaneous appendage
to the septum narium.
  STATICAL, Static
  STATTCE  CAROLINIA'NA, of the  United
States, (orariKos, ' restraining,') American or Sea-
side Thrift, Marsh Rose'mary, Marsh Root, Ink-
root, Sea Lavender, Ord.  Plumbaginacea?, is con-
sidered  to be a mere variety  of the Statice limo-
nium.   The root is the Statice — (Ph. U. S.).
  Stat'ice Limo'nium, S.  Marit'imurn, Behen ru-
brum, Limo'nitim, L. majus seu  vnlga're,  Behen,
Ilehinen Ackmar, Sea Lav'ender. Red Behen,Marsh
Rosemary,  Lavender  Thrift,  (¥.)  Behen rouge,
Roinarin des  marais, Lavande triste ou de mer.
The roots have been esteemed astringent, tonic,
and  eminently antiseptic.
  Statice"Maritimum, S.  limonium—s. Vulgare,
S. limonium.
  STA'TION, Sta'tio, Stasis, Status, from stare,
station, 'to  stand.'  The act of standing.
  STA'TIONARY,  Stationa'rius,  (¥.) Station-
naire.  Same etymon.  A name given by  Syden-
ham and Stoll to certain  diseases, which  depend
upon a  particular state of the atmosphere; and
which prevail  in  a  district for a certain number
of years, and then give way to others.
  STATISTICS, MEDICAL,  Vital  Statistics,
Biostnt'ics, (Status, 'astute,') (F.) Statistique mi-
dicale.  That part of medicine which  relates  to
details—medico-statistical — connected with the
mortality, salubrity, <fcc,  of  different  countries
and  situations.
  It has, also,  been  used in a wider sense to sig-
nify the same as Numerical method, (¥.) Mithode
uumirique ; which is applied  to the systemization
of medical  facts, or to the use of numbers in the
investigation of disease.
  Statistics, Vital, Statistics, medical.
  STATURE,  Statu'ra,   Meg'ethos,  3fagnitildo
cor'port's, from sto, statum,  'to stand.' The height
ofthe human figure.  The following table exhibits
the  results of several admeasurements, with tbe
heights  of  some of  the monkey species,  on the
authority of Mr. Lawrence.

                                    stature.
                                     Feet.  In.
                                     (o    4i
An  Englishman..............................\   to
      S                              (5  00
                                     (5   4
An  Englishwoman...........................<   to
      b                              (5  00
European male skeleton....................   5   8
         Do.           ....................   5   5
A Negro at the Lunatic Hospital, Liver- j g  10-
     pool .......................................J
Another from Virginia......................   5    51
Another from the Gold Coast .............   5   8
Auothor ........................................  5  00
                                    STATURE.
                                    Feet.  In.
Negro skeleton...............................  4   u
Another........................................  5     7.1
A Lascar....................................  _  5     4
Venus de Medici.............................  5   00
Tyson's Chimr>anse(Sirnia Troglodytes)  2     2
Mr. Abel's  Orang Otang...................  2     7
Camper's      Do................less than 30
Mr. White's Monkey........................  2     2

  STATUS, Acme — s. Cruditatis, Crudity — s.
Erethiticus, Nervous diathesis—s. Gastricus, .£"??)-
barras gastriqne—s. Nervosus, Nervous  diathesis
—s. Parturiendi, Parturition—s. Sthenicus, Sthe-
nia—s. Verminosus, Helminthiasis.
  STAVESACRE, Delphinium staphisagria.
  STAXIS, oralis, Apostax'is.  A slight epistaxis
or nasal hemorrhage. — Hippocrates.
  STEAM-DOCTOR.  A  term  applied to one
who treats  all  or most diseases by steam.
  ST EAR, see Fat, Sevum.
  STEARATE, Emplastrum.
  STEARIN,  see Fat.
  STEARINUM CETACEUxM, Cetaceum.
  STEAROLE,  Pomatum — a. Solide, Emplas-
trum.                                 ,
  STEAROSIS, Steatosis.
  STEARRHCE'A, Steatorrhce'a,  Seborrhce'a,
Seborrhag'l'a,  Smegmatorrhoe'a,  Smegmorrhce'a,
Fluxus  seba'ceus,  Seba'ceous Flux,  from ortap,
'suet,' and peot, 'I flow.'  Augmentation of secre-
tion from the sebaceous follicles  of the skin.
  Stearrhiea Ni'gricans.   A term used by Dr.
Neligan, of Dublin, for a  black discoloration  of
the face, observed in young females affected  with
derangement of the catamenia,  and which, in his
opinion, is owing to a dark secretion from the cu-
taneous sebaceous glands.
  STEATITES, Polysarcia.
  STEATOCE'LE, from oreap, arearos, 'suet,' and
Kt/Xn, ' a tumour.'  A tumour formed by a collec-
tion of steatomatous matter in the scrotum.
  STEATO'MA,  Tumor  lar'deus,  from ortap,
arearos,  'suet.'   Sera'tio,  Emjtliy'ma  encyslis
steatoma.   An encysted tumour, whose contents
are similar to  fat.
  STEATOP'YGA, from ortap, arearos, 'fat,' and
irvyn,  'buttocks.'  Buttock-hump.  Fat buttocks;
such as  exist in the Hottentot female.
  STEATORRHEA, Stearrhcea.
  STEATO'SIS, Stearo'sis.   Fatty degeneration
of a part, or unusual deposition  and accumulation
of fat in its adipose tissue.
  Steato'siS Cordis, Degenera'tio adijto'sa cordis,
Cardiethmotipo'sis and Cardiomyolijto'sis (Pior-
ry), Fatty  heart.  Unusual deposition of fat  on
the heart:—by some presumed to be occasionally
a true adipous degeneration of the substance  of
the heart.
  Steatosis  Hepatica, Adiposis hepatica.
  STEATOZOON  FOLLICULORUM, Acarus
Folliculorum.
  STEEL, Chnlybs.
  STEEP. Rennet.
  STEEPLE-BUSII, Spira?a tomentosa.
  STEER'S   OPODELDOCH,   see  Opodeldoch,
Steer's.
  STEGMONTH, see Parturient,
  STEGANOP'ODES, creyavoirobes,  Planip'edes.
They  who have flat feet, or are  web-footed,  from
ortyavos, ' covered,' and xovs, ' foot.'
  STEGNO'SIS, Steno'sis, Constipa'tio, Stipa'tio,
Condensalio,  Obstruc'tio,  from  oreyvoor, 'I  con-
strict,'  Constriction or narrowness  of the pores
and vessels. Stricture.  Constipation.  Suppression
of the evacuations.   See Arctatio.
  STEGNOTICA, Astringents. 
STEIROSIS               8 68     STERNO-CLEIDO-MASTOIDEUS
  STETROSTS, Sterilitas.
  STELENGIS, Stridor dentium. „
  STELLA, Fas'cia stella'ta, (F.) Etoile.  A ban-
dage, improperly compared to a star, because it
is crossed like the letter X.   This bandage is ap-
plied upon one  or  both  shoulders.  In the first
case, it  is called simple; in  the second,  double.
It was  employed  in fractures  of the  sternum,
clavicle, and scapula; in luxations of the hume-
rus,  &c.
  Stella Terr.*:, Plantago coronopus.
  STELLARIA MEDIA, Alsine media—s. Scil-
la. Scilla.
  STELLATA RUPINA, Centaurea calcitrapa.
  STELL'ULJE VERHEYEN'II, (stella,  'a star,'
stellnla, ' a little star,')  Substan'tia  atcllata aer-
penti'na seu radial a, Ellych'nia.   A  stelliform
plexus of veins at the surface of the kidney, which
gives origin to the interlobular veins.
  STELOCHITIS, Osteocolla.
  STENAGMUS, Suspirium.
  STENAXIS, Suspirium.
  STENIA,  Sthenia.
  STENK'US, Active.
  STENOBREGMATE, see Cranium.
  STENOCARDIA,  Angina pectoris, Cardioste-
nosis.
  STENOCHO'RIA, Stenochori'asia, frora orevos,
'narrow,'  and  x<a9a> 'space.'   Angustia.  Em-
ployed  by some for contraction  of the vagina,
  Stenochoria Intestini Recti, Stricture ofthe
rectum  — s.  Oesophagi, Dysphagia constricta.
  STENO.MYCTE'RIA,  from  orevos,  'narrow,'
and  pvKrrip,  'nose.'   Contraction   of  the  nasal
passages.
   STENOSIS, Stegnosis.
   STEXOSTEGNOSIS, Stenostenosis.
   STENOSTENO'SIS, Stenostegno'sis, from Ste-
no, and crevwots, ' contraction.'  Obstruclio duc-
 tus  Stcnom'tlui.  Narrowness or contraction  of
the  duct of Steno.
   STENOSTOMTA, from  orevos. 'narrow,' and
 cTtma, ' mouth.'  Contraction of the mouth.
   STENOTHOR.VCES,  from  orevos,  'narrow,'
 and 5wp(;f, SorpaKos, ' the chest.'  They who have
 narrow chests.
   STENTOROPHO'NUS, from Yrcvrorp,  Stentor,
 n Greek of  powerful voice  in  the army before
 Troy ;  and tpurvij, ' voice.'  One who has a strong
 voice.
   STEPIIANE, Crown.
   STEPHENS,  MRS.,  REMEDY FOR  THE
 STONE.  This consisted of lime,  prepared  by
 calcining the shells of eggs and snails, made into
 pills with soap.  A decoction was, also, adminis-
 tered,  consisting of chamomile, fennel,  parsley,
 and burdock, with  a portion of Alicant soap.   Its
 virtues were dependent  upon the  lime  and  the
 tonic properties of the decoction. Hales, Hartley,
 Kirkpatrick, Lobb,  and others, wrote in favour
 of this  nostrum ; and it was  ultimately bought by
 the British parliament for £5000—about $25,000.
   STEPHENSIA  ELONGATA, Matico.
   STEPMOTHER'S BLESSING,  Hangnail.
   STERA,  Uterus.
   STERCORA'CEOUS, Stercora'rius,  Diacho-
 ret'icus, Ster'coral, from stereus, stercoris, 'dung.'
 Fecal,  Fatal, (¥.) Stercoraire, Stercoral.
   The  French use the term  Fistnles  stercoraires
 for  those which are kept up by the  constant pas-
 sage of fecal or stercortlceous matter.   The name
 Stercoraires is sometimes given, in derision, to
 those  physicians who are fond of  purging their
 patients : ti posteriori has been similarly used.
   STERCORAIRE. Stercoraceous.
   STERCUS,  Excrement,  Fimus  — s.  Anseris,
 Fimus anseris—s.  Caninum album, Album Grae-
 cum—s. Diaboli, Asafoetida—s. Equi non castrati,
 Fimus.
  Stercus nuMA'.NUM, Ilomcrda.   Human  ex-
crement.
  Stercus Lacert e, Crocodilia.
  STEREOCYST'IS, from  arepeos,  'hard,' and
kvotis, ' cyst.'  A hard encysted tumour.
  STEREOS, P.Tid.
  STE'REOSCOPE, Stereoscop'ium,from arcpios,
'solid,' and oKoittto, 'I view.'  A physical instru-
ment by means of which plane pictures of an ob.
ject are made on each retina,  and so blended as
to appear as one in relief.  Also, an instrument for
detecting  a calculus in the bladder, and foreign
bodies in the soft parts.  It resembles a common
catheter, having an expanded free extremity.
  STEREOTTCA, from arepeos, 'bard.'  Fortui-
tous  lesions  or deformities affecting the  hard
parts.  The 2d order, class  Tychicu  of Good.
  STER'ILE, Ster'ilis, A'gonos, Aph'orus, Aph-
or'icus,  Ablast'es,  Infecun'dns,  Barren,  (F.)
Sti-ile.  Same etymon as  Sterilitas.   Not pro-
ducing fruit; infecund.
  STERILTS, Sterile.
  STERIL'ITAS, Agon'ia,  Steiro'sis,  Sliro'sis,
Agenne'sia, Agenne'sis, Infecmlditas, Sterility,
Acye'sis,  Bar'renness,  Iiifecun'dity,  Ajtho'ria,
Atec'nia, Atocl'a,  from creppos,  or arepios, 'bard,
barren.'  Quality  of that which is barren.  Ste-
rility  may be absolute or relative.  The forn.cr
depends upon some vicious conformation of tho
genital organs, apparent or concealed, and occa-
sionally admits of cure. Sterility is  relative when
a female does not conceive with one individual,
but does  with another.  Sterility in females is
often  dependent  upon  a condition of the uterus
characterized by  membranous menstruation.
  STERN AD, see Sternal.
  STERNAL,   Sterna'lis,  from  sternum,  'the
breast  bone.'  Relating or appertaining  to the
sternum or breast bone.
  Sternal Aspect.  The  aspect  of the  body
where the  sternum is situate.—Barclay.  Sternad
is used by the same writer  adverbially  to signify
towards the sternal aspect.
   STERNALGIA, Angina pectoris.
   STERNO,  in  composition, belonging, or  re-
lating to, the sternum or breast bone.
   STERNOCLAVICULAR,  Sterno-clavicnltl-
ris. That which relates to the sternum and clavicle.
   Sterno-clavic'ular Articula'tion  is   tbe
union of the inner extremity  of the clavicle with
a round facette at each side of the superior ex-
tremity of  the  sternum.  In  this articulation
there are, besides the  inerusting cartilages, two
radiated  sterna-clavicular, (¥.)  Sterno-c/avit-u-
laires rayonnies ; one anterior, and  one posterior
—an inter-clavicular ligament extending between
the two clavicles, and two  synovial capsules, se-
parated by an inter-articular fibro-cartitage. The
costo-clavicular ligament may also  be considered
to  belong to this articulation.
   STERNO-CLA VIO-MASTOIDIEN,  Sterno-
cleido-mastoideus — s. Cleido-hyoideus,  Sterno-
hyoideus.
   STERNO-CLEIDO  BRACHIALIS,  Pectoralis
 major.
   STERNO-CLEIDO-MASTOIDEUS,  Sterno-
 mastoideus,  Cleido-mastoideus,  Mastoideus,  M.
 anterior,   Nuta'tor  capitis; (¥.)  Sterno-clario-
 masto'idien, Sterno-rnasttiidien ; from ortpvov, ' the
 sternum,'  kXus,  'the  clavicle,' and paaros, 'the
 mastoid process.'  A muscle situate at the ante-
 rior and lateral part of the neck.   It is long and
 flattened: simple, above;  and divided into two
 portions  below;  where  it is  inserted into the
 anterior and superior part of the  sternum,  and
 the inner  quarter of the  clavicle.   Above, it ter-
 minates at tbe mastoid process, which it embraces,
 at the neighbouring  part  of the temporal bone,
 and at the outer third of the upper curved  line 
STERNO-COSTAL         860            STHENOPYRA
nf the  occipital bone.   It  carries  the  head
forward;  inclines,  and rotates it to one  side.
When both contract, they bend the head directly
forwards.
  STERNO-COSTAL,  Triangularis  sterni — s.
Ciisto-clavio-humiral, Pectoralis  major—s. Hu-
miral, Pectoralis major.
  STERNO-IIYOlDEUS,  Stemo-clddo-hyoide-
tts, Sterno-hyo'idcs, Hyoides primus ; frora orepvov,
'the sternum,' and 'voetins, 'the  os hyoides.'   A
muscle situate at the anterior part of the neck ;
inserted, above, at the inferior edge of the body
of the  hyoid bone;  below, into  the  upper part
of tbe posterior surface of the sternum ; — at  the
posterior  part of the sterno-clavicular articula-
tion, and  sometimes into the cartilage of the first
rib.   It depresses the os hyoides.
   S TER NO-M AS TO 1 DIEN, Sterno-cleido-
 mastoideus—s. Pubien,  Rectus abdominis.
   STERNO-THYROIDEUS,  Sterno-thyrdides,
 It roil eh ins.  A muscle,  situate at  the anterior
 part of the neck.  It is  attached, above, to  the
oblique line seen on the outer surface of the thy-
 roid  cartilage: and terminates,  below, at  the
upper part of the posterior surface of the sternum,
 nnd the cartilage  of the  second  rib.  When it
 contracts, it depresses the thyroid cartilage  and
 os hyoides  by the medium of the thyro-hyoid
 membrane.
   STERNODYNIA, see Stomatodynia —s. Syn-
 copalis, Angina pectoris — s. Syncoptica et Pal-
 pitans, Angina pectoris.
   STERNO-OMPHALODYMIA, see Somato-
 dymia.
   STERNOPA'GIA,  from  orepvov,  'the  breast
 bone,' and rrayor, ' I fasten.'  A monstrous  union
 of  foetuses,  in which they  are  attached  at  the
 sternum.
   STERNUM, Sternon,  from artppos,  'solid;'
 Pectus, Os  asser seu pec'toris seu xijtho'ides  seu
 gladioli  seu ensifior'me, Scutum cordis seu jtec'-
 toris, Breast Bone, Ha.mal Sjrine of Owen.  An
 nzygous  symmetrical bone, situate at the fore-
 part of the chest.  It is flat; broad above; nar-
 rower in  the middle ; and  terminates, below, by
 a pointed  cartilage—the xiphoid.  It has an
 anterior or cutaneous surface, a posterior or  me-
 diastinal—a superior or clavicular extremity,  and
 nn inferior or abdominal.   It is  articulated with
 the  clavicles and  the seven upper ribs  on each
 side, by means of their cartilages.  According to
 B6clard, it is formed of six principal bones, which
 he names, from their position, 1. Primi-sternal or
 clavi-sternal:  2. Duo-sternal : 3.  Tri-sternal: 4.
 Qnarti-sternal: 5.  Quinti-sternal:  6.  Ultimi-
 sternat or ensi-sternal.
   STEKNUMENTU.M.  Sneezing.
   STERN UTAMENTORIA, Achillea ptarmica.
   S T E R N UT A M E NTU M, Sn eezing.
   STERNUTATIO, Sneezing.
   STERXUTA TOIRE. Sternutatory.
   STER'NUTATORY, Sternutato'rius, from ster-
 mitare, stermitatum, 'to sneeze.' Sternutamen'turn,
 Errhlnum, Ptar'rnicum. Anarrhlnum, (¥.) Ster-
 tiiitatoire. A substance which provokes sneezing;
as tobacco,  Ac. — See Errhine.
   STERTEUR, Stertor.
   STERTOR, Ronchus or  Rhonchus, Renchns,
Rhencus,  (¥.) Sterteur, Ronfiement, from stertere,
'to snore.'  The deep snoring which accompanies
inspiration  in  some diseases, particularly in apo-
plexy.  Such respiration is said to be ster'torous,
{¥.) Stertnreux; Respira'tio etertuo'ea  seu ster-
tens seu atertoro'sa.
  STERTOROUS, see Stertor.
  STETILE'MIA, Hy/rera'mia  Pulmo'num  seu
Pec'toris, Conges'tio Pulmonum sen Pectoris, (¥.)
Hyperimie  ou  Congestion  des Poumons;  from
ornSos, 'the chest,' and  'aipa, 'blood.'   HyperaD-
mia  of  the lungs.  Congestion  or  accumulation
of blood in the pulmonary vessels.
  STETHOCATHARSIS, Expectoration.
  STETHOCHYSIS, Hydrothorax.
  STETIIODESMIS, Corset.
  STETHODESMIUM, Corset.
  STETIIODESMUS, Corset.
  STETHOM'ETER,  from  credos, 'the chest,'
and perpov, ' measure.'  An instrument, proposed
by Dr. Richard Quain, for measuring the extent
of movement of the walls of the chest, as a means
of diagnosis in thoracic diseases.  It consi.-ts of
a flat case, not unlike a watch-case, having on its
upper surface a graduated dial  and index,  which
is acted on by a simple  mechanism.  A  silk cord,
long  enough  to  surround one-half the  chest,
passes through an aperture in the case.   The  dial
is graduated into fifty equal parts, each of  which
represents the l-200th of an  inch.   In  using the
instrument, the dial is  placed firmly against the
spine, and the point of the tape over the sternum,
or at any other spot according to the part to be
examined.  The  extension of the string, as indi-
cated by the dial, shows the amount of  elasticity
of the parietes of the thorax.
   Under the name  Thoracom'eter, Dr. Sibson has
described an instrument of bis  invention,  which
is employed with  a similar view as the stethometer
of Dr. Quain.— Med. Chir. Transact., vol.  xxxi.
   STETHOPARAL'YSIS, Paral'ysis nervo'rum
thora'cis, jthrenicorum,  &c.;  frora  ort)0os,  'the
chest,' and napaXvois, 'paralysis.'   Palsy  ofthe
muscles of the chest.
   STETHORRHEUMA, Pleurodynia.
   STETH'OSCOPE,  Stethoscop'ium, Stethos'co-
pum, Echoscop'ium, Pso/rhom'eter,  Thoraeoscop'-
ium, from arndos, 'the chest,' and okotuw, 'I  exa-
mine.'  An instrument invented by Laennec, of
Paris, for exploring the chest.   The stethoscope,
sometimes  called Pectoriloque,  is a cylinder of
wood, from four inches to a foot long; pierced
through  and through  by a longitudinal  canal
about a quarter  of an  inch in diameter.  The
longer are generally composed  of  two  portions,
that  fit together by means  of a screw, one of
which is  hollowed  at the extremity, in  the shape
of a funnel.  These two portions being screwed
to each other, the physician lays hold  of the in-
strument, as he would  of a pen, puts the funnel-
shaped extremity on the chest of the patient, and
applies his ear to the other.  To explore the  pul-
sations of the heart, tbe funnel  is plugged up by
a piece  of the  same  kind  of  wood  accurately
adapted to it, and pierced  by a canal of the same
width as  that  in  the  body of the instrument.
Stethoscopes  are  sometimes  flexible,  like  the
flexible ear-trumpet.
   This mode of examining affections of the chest,
Slcth'oscopy, Stethoscojrla, &c, is what Laennec
terms Auscultation  midiate, Mediate Auscultation.
   STETHOSCOPIA, see Auscultation, and  Ste-
thoscope.
   STETIIOSCOPTC, Stethoscop'icus, (¥.) Stitho-
scopique.  Same  etymon as Stethoscope.   Fur-
nished by stethoscopy or auscultation, — as  a
' stethascopic sign.'
   STETHOSCOPY, see Stethoscope.
   STETHUS, Thorax.
   STEW, Stove.
   STHENI'A, Steni'a, Diatllesis sthen'ica,  Sta-
tus sthen'icus, Vis  aucta, from  o&eros, 'strength,'
'power.'   Excess of strength ;  excitement  of the
organic actions.  A word  used,  especially  by the
Brunonians, as well as  Asthenia,—its antitheton.
Sthenic or dynamic diseases are such as depend
upon excessive excitement.
   STHENICUS, Active.
   STHENOPYRA, Synocha. 
STIBI                    870              STOMACH
  STIBT, Antimonium.
  STIBIALTS. Antimonial.
  STIBTALISM,  Stibialis'mns,  from  stibium,
'antimony.' The aggregate phenomena produced
by antimonials, when given in large quantities :—
antimonial intoxication or poisoning.
  STIBIATUS  TARTRIS LIXIVIA,  Antimo-
nium  tartarizatum.
  STIBII BUTYRUM,  Antimonium muriatum
— s. Deuto-murias sublimatus, Antimonium mu-
riatum—s. et Potassae deuto-tartras, Antimonium
tartarizatum—s. Hydrosulphuretum rubrum, An-
timonii  sulphuretum rubrum — s. Oxidum acido
muriatico oxygenato paratum, Algaroth—s. Oxi-
dum album mediante nitro confectum,  Antimo-
nium diaphoreticum — s. Oxidum praecipitando
paratum,  Algaroth — s.  Oxodes album, Antimo-
nium diaphoreticum—s.  Oxodes sulphuretum,
Antimonii sulphuretum praecipitatum — s. Oxydi
sulphurati hydro-sulphuretum luteum, Antimonii
sulphuretum praecipitatum—s. Oxydulati sulphu-
retum, Antimonii sulphuretum praecipitatum — s.
Oxydulum vitreatum, Antimonii vitrum—s. Oxy-
dum semivitreum, Antimonii vitrum—s.  Ox}'dum
sulphuratum,  Oxydum  stibii   sulphuratum — s.
Subhydrosulpbas, Antimonii sulphuretum rubrum
— s. Submurias praecipitando  paratum, Algaroth
— s. Sulphurati hydrosulphuretum rubrum, An-
timonii  sulphuretum  rubrum—s.  Sulphuretum
nigrum,  Antimonium — s. Vitrum, Antimonii
vitrum.
   STIBTO-DERMIC, see Unguentum antimonii.
   S T IB 10 S U M   HYDROSULPHURETUM
CUM  SULPHURE, Antiinonii  sulphuretum
praecipitatum—s. Oxidum, Antimonium diaphore-
ticum.
   STIBIUM,  Antimonium.
   STICHAS ARABICA, Lavendula stoechas.
   STICKWORT, A-rimonv.
   STICTA  PULMONACEA, Lichen pulmo-
narius.
   STIFF  JOINT, MUSCULAR, Contractura.
   Stiff Joints. Milk sickness.
   STTFFNEOK, Torticollis.
   STIGMA. Cicatricula.
   STIGMATA, see Naevus. The breathing pores
of  insects are so called.
   Stig'mata Ovario'rum, Cicatrices Orario'rum.
The cicatrices left  in the  ovary after the escape
of  ova.
   STILBOMA, Cosmetic.
   STILL, Alembic.
   STILLA, Gutta.
   STILLATIO  SANGUINIS E  NARIBUS,
Epistaxis.
   STILLBORN, (F.) Mort-ne.   Born  still or
lifeless, — dead born.
   STILLICID'IUM. Sidrstillum, from  stilla, 'a
drop.'  This term is often  used synonymously with
Strangury. It means the flow of any fluid—par-
ticularly  tbe urine — drop  by  drop.  Also a kind
of embrocation, Slillicid'ium supra partem, effected
by dropping a liquid upon a part.
   Stillicidium Lacrymarum, Epiphora — s. Na-
rium, Coryza — s. Sanguinis e naribus, Epistaxis
— s. Supra partem, see Stillicidium.
   STILLIN'GIA,  S. sylvat'ica,  Queen'a Root,
 Queen'a delight, Yaw root, Mar'cory, Cockup hat.
An indigenous  plant, which grows  in  pine bar-
rens, from Virginia to Florida.  Sex.  Syst.  Mo-
ncecia Monadelphia.   Not. Ord. Euphorbiaceae.
 The  root — Stillingia, Ph. IT. S. — is said to be
used in syphilis, obstinate cutaneous affections,
 <tc. like sarsaparilla.
   STIMATO'SIS,   Stymatosrs,  Hamorrhag'l'a
Penis, Stymatorrhag"ia,  Phallorrhag"ia, Cau/or-
rhaif'ia, from arvpa, ' priapism,' itself from  arveiv,
' to erect.' Hemorrhage  from the  male organ,
accompanied or not with priapism.
  STTMMT, Antimonium.
  STIM'ULANT,  Slimldans, Ex'citans,  In'ci-
tans, Incenti'rum, Irritans,  Excitant,  Inci'lunt,
Hyjrersthe.il ic, Pyretogenelic, from stimulure, ' to
goad.'  A medicine which has tbe power of ex-
citing the organic action  of the different systems
of the economy.  Some stimulants are diffusible,
— that is, have a prompt but  temporary action ;
others are permanent or  persistent.  The action
of stimulants is called Stimula'tion, Stimitltlti,,,
Iricr'talio.
  The chief stimulants are the following: iElbcr
Sulphuricus, Ammonia, Asafoetida, Brucia, Cam-
phora,  Capsicum, Castoreum,  Ciniiamoniuiii, Co-
paiba, Cubeba, Guaiacum,  Hydrargyri Prapa-
rata, Iodinium,  Nux Vomica, Olea  Essentialia,
Opium (in small dose), Piper. Sinapis, Strychnin,
Zingiber, — Alcohol, Caloric,  Electricity, Mental
Emotions, (the Impetuous.)
  STIM'ULUS, 'a goad.'   Incitamcrllum,  Irri-
ta'men, Irritamen'tum,  Poten'tia Irri'tans.  Any
thinsr which excites the animal economy.
  STINE, Hordeolum.
  STINK POKE, Dracontium fcetidum—s.Weed,
Chenopodium  anthelminticum, Datura stramo-
nium, Polanisia graveolens.
  STIPATIO, Stegnosis.
  Stipatio Tel.ij  Cellulo'sa Tnfant'um.  In-
duration  of the cellular tissue of children.
  STIROSIS, Sterilitas.
  STITCH, same root as  stick, Sax. j-rician, (G.)
stecken, (Sc.) Stomal,  (Prov.) Dag, (¥.) Point,
(L.) Punctum ; (from pttrrgere, punctum, 'to prick
or sting.')  An acute lancinating pain, like that
produced by the puncture of  a sharp needle.
  Stitch, Common, Suture,  common — s. Royal,
see Suture — s. in the Side, Pleurodynia.
  STIZOLOBTUM. Dolichos pruriens.
  STLENGIS. Stridor dentium.
  STOBiE'A RUBRICAU'LIS.  A South Afri-
can plant, Nat. Ord. Compositae.  A tincture of
the bruised roots is diuretic, and of great service
in gravel.
  STOCKING, LACED, (F.) Bos lassi.  A ban-
dage used by surgeons, which consists of a stock-
ing made of firm cloth  or dog-skin, admitting of
being tightly laced anteriorly. It  is  employed
in varices and ulcers ofthe legs.
   STiECIIAS ARABICA. Lavendula stoechas.
  STCECHIOL'OGY, Staeliiolog"ia, (¥.)Stoechi-
ologle;  from orotxuov, 'element,' and Xoyos, 'a
discourse.' A treatise, or  the theory, of elements ;
hence of the elementary parts of organized sub-
stances.
   STOICITEION,  Element.
   STOMA,  Mouth.
   STOMAC'ACE, Stomatoc'ace. Stomal gia, La-
brisulcium, Cheiloc'ace,  Uloe'aee,  Cheilomaltl-
cia, Stomatono'ma, Stomatonecro'sis, Cancer Oris,
Canker,  from  aropa,  'the  mouth,' and  kukos,
'evil.'   Fcetor  of the mouth with a bloody dis-
charge from the gums.   (F.) Cancer aquatique ;
see Cancer Aquaticus.   Also,  Scurvy.
   Stomacace,  Porphyra nautica—s. Gangraeno-
sum, Cancer aquaticus— s. Universale, Purpura
haemorrhagica.
   STOMACAL. Stomachal.
   STOMACALGIA, Cardialgia.
   STOMACH, Stom'achus,  Ventric'ulus, Nerlys,
Atioceelia,  Gaster, Gluttilpatens, Man, (of nni-
mals,) (Sc.) Kyte,  Pedotn,  (Prov.)  Warison,{¥.)
Estomac, from  aropa, 'a  mouth.'  One of tbe
principal organs of digestion.  It is a musculo-
membranous reservoir;  continuous, on the one
side, with the oesophagus;  on the other, with the
duodenum.   It is situate beneath  the diaphragm,
between the liver  and the spleen ; and occupies
the epigastrium and a  part of the left hypochon-
drium.   In it  the  food is converted into chyme. 
STOMACHAL              87
When viewed externally, the stomach has. 1. An
anterior face, which looks a  little upwards.  2.
An inferior face, directed  downwards.   3. An
inferior or colic margin, which is convex and ex-
trusive, and is  Called the greater curvature, (¥.)
Grand c.onrbm-e.  It  gives origin to the  omentum
majus.  4. A superior or diaphragmatic margin,
which is shorter, concave, and is called  the lesser
cnrt-atitre,  (F.) Petit courbure. The lesser omen-
tum is attached to this.  5.  A left or a>eoj,hageal
orifice, called, also,  tbe rnrdia, Os ventric'it/i or
vjiper orifice.   6. A  right or intestinal, or inferior
orifice,  called  the  jry/orus.   7.  A  considerable
dilatation, situate to the  left  of the cardia  and
greater  curvature — the  great   tuberosity  or
ure.tit  cul-de-sac or fundus   of  the  stomach ;
aud,  8.  A  less  extensive  dilatation,  situate
Io the  right  of  the  greater curvature,— the
lesser  tuberosity or lesser cul-de-sac,  Antrum
Pi/lo'ri.  The  inner surface of the stomach is of
n reddish-white colour, and   has a  marbled ap-
pearance.  It is constantly covered by thick  mu-
 cus, and is lined by a mucous membrane, which
presents  numerous  wrinkles.  The parietes of
the stomach consist  of three membranes in super-
position.   The outermost is serous, and is an ex-
 tension of the  peritoneum.   The middle coat  is
muscular,—some of  its fibres  running longitudi-
nally ; others,  transversely, and others obliquely.
 The innermost membrane is of a mucous nature,
 Crusta vitlo'sa  ventric'uli, Gastro-mycod'cris, but
 not exactly a continuation of  the membrane  that
lines the oesophagus.  The mucous and  muscu-
lar  membranes  form, at  the pylorus, a valve,
 called tbe  Pyloric valve.  These three  coats are
united by a dense, close, areolar membrane ; and,
between the mucous and  muscular coats, along
 the two  curvatures especially, is  a quantity of
 muciparous glands,  called  Glands  of  Brunner.
 The arteries of the  stomach  are very numerous,
 and proceed from  the coronaria ventriculi, the
 pyloric, splenic, and  right and left gastro-epiploic.
 The veins have the  same name, and pursue the
 same  course  as the  arteries.  They pour their
 blood into the  trunk of the vena porta.   Its lym-
 phatic vessels are very numerous, and  pass  into
ganglia, situate along  the  two curvatures.  Tbe
nerves ofthe stomach  proceed from the pneumo-
gastric, and three divisions ofthe cceliac plexus.
   Stomach Cell, see  Favulus — s. Disease, Li-
 niosis.
   Stomach, FinsT, Ingluvies.
   Stomach Pump,  Gastrerlchyta, Antlia gas'-
 trica,  (¥.) Pompe pour I'estomac.   A useful in-
 strument for  conveying  fluids to the stomach,
when deglutition is  impracticable, and for pump-
ing out the contents of that  organ.  It consists
of a forcing syringe, to the bottom and nozzle of
 which flexible  tubes can be attached.  When the
object is to force  fluids  into the stomach, the
stomach-tube must be attached to the nozzle, and
passed  down the throat, — the  tube connected
with  the bottom of  the syringe being  placed in
tbe fluid to be  injected.  To empty the stomach,
the stomach-tube must be attached to the bottom
of the instrument.   This instrument has been of
great service  where poisons  have been  taken.
The antidote,  when any exists, and is at hand,
should be administered immediately prior to its
use.
   The  stomach  pump was  first  employed in
America by Dr. Pbysiek, in the year 1812.
   Stom \cn,  Second.  Proventrieulus — s. Sick,
Milk sickness__s. Third, Ventriculus callosus.
   Stomach Tube, see  Tube, oesophageal.
   STOM' \CI1AL. Stomachic, Stomach'ical,  Car-
diacs.  Stomach'icus,  Stomachalis, Viscera'lis,
(¥ ) s'loiioo-al.  Stomnchiqtte.   That which belongs
to the stomach; that which  is good for the sto-
1         STOMATO-GASTRIC
 mach; which strengthens the stomach.   A me-
 dicine that irives tone to the stomach.
   STOMAUIALGIA, Cardialgia.
   STOMACHI  RESOLUTIO, Dyspepsia.
   STOMACHIC, Stomachal.
   STOMACHICAL, Stomachal.
   STOMA CIIIQUE, Stomachal.
   STO.M'ACIIUS,  from  aropa,  'mouth.'  This
 word  has  been  used in several different accepta-
 tions ; for example, for the oesophagus, for  the
 cardiac  orifice of the stomach, (see Cardia,) and
 for the stomach itself. Hippocrates calls the neck
 of the bladder oropax<>s ttvortws;  and the neck of
 the uterus  rr/S prjrpas oropaxos-
   STOMAL'GIA,   Stomatalgia,  Stomatodyn'ia,
 from aropa, 'mouth,' and aXyos, 'pain.'  Pain in
 the mouth.
   STOMAPYRA, Aphthae—s. Aphtha, Aphthae.
   STOMATALGIA, Stomalgia.
   STOMATEL'CIA, Stomatelco'sis; frora aropa,
 oroparos,'  the mouth,' and 'cXkos, ' an ulcer.'  Ul-
 ceration of the mouth.
   STOMAT'IA,  Stomatopathla;  from  aropa,
 oroparos. 'the mouth.'  Disease ofthe mouth.
   STOMAT'lC, Stomal icus, from aropa, oroparos,
 'mouth.'  A medicine used in diseases, &c, of
 the  mouth.  Dentifrices, masticatories, <fcc, are
 stomatics.
   STOMATITE  APHTHEUSE,   Stomatitis,
 aphthous — s. Charbtrnneuse, Cancer aquaticus—
 s. Cottenneuse, Stomatitis, pseudo-membranous—
 s. Cremeuse jtultacie, Aphthae — a. Fol/icttleuse,
 Stomatitis,  aphthous — s.  Gaugri-neuse, Cancer
 aquaticus—s. Mercurielle, see Salivation, mercu-
 rial — s. Ulcircuse,  Stomatitis, aphthous.
   STOMATI'TLS,  from  aropa,  oroparos,  'the
 mouth,' and ilia, denoting  inflammation.  (F.)
 Inflammation de la  Bouche; Inflammation ofthe
 mouth.
   Stomatitis, Aphthous, S. fiolltc'nlar or ulce-
 rous,  Enljthlysis Aphtha,  A. Atlidto'rum,  (F.)
 Stomatite,  S. aphtheuse ou fiollicutense ou nlci-
 reuse.   An inflammation of  the  follicles  of  the
 mouth,  constituting the  aphthos  of the adult,
 which is generally  accompanied  by cephalic, gas-
 tric,  and general disturbance.  It may be either
 discrete or  confluent, and requires  general  and
 local  treatment, adapted  to the case.
   Stomatitis, Erythematous.   Simple inflam-
 mation  ofthe mouth.
   Stomatitis, Exsudativa, Aphthae—s. Follicu-
 lar, S. aphthous — s. Gangrenous, Cancer aquati-
 cus— s. Materna, Stomatitis of nursing women.
   Stomatitis, Mercu'rial, S. mercurialis, Hy-
 drargyrostonlatis,  Hyrlrargyrostomatltis.    In-
 flaniinatioii of the mouth induced by mercury.
   Stomatitis of Nursing-women,  .S'. Nittri'cttm
 seu Mater'na, appears  to be a variety of S. aph-
 thous.
   Stomatitis Nutricum,  Stomatitis of nursing-
 women.
   Stomatitis, Pseudomembranous, (F.) Stoma-
 tite couenneiise, Diphthirite buccale, Pseudo-mem-
 branous inflammation  of  the  mouth; — in  its
 worst form, Stomatyjthus, (¥.) Figarite.   Inflam-
 mation  of the mouth accompanied by the exuda-
 tion of  a  false  membrane, — a disease  which is
 rarely seen except  in large foundling establish-
 ments.
   Stomatitis, Ulcerous, S. aphthous—s. Vesi-
 culosa infantum, Aphthae.
   STOMATOOACE. Sfomacace.
   STOMATODYNIA, Stomalgia.
   STOMATO - GASTRIC,  Sto'mato-gas'tricus,
 Stomn-tpistric,  Stoiiio-gas'tricus, from aropa,  oro-
 paros, ''the mouth,' and  yaornp,  'the  stomach.'
li Appertaining to the mouth and stomach,—as the
 I stomato-gastric ganglia ofthe lower animals.  See
ll Encephalon and Nerves. 
STOMATOMALACIA PUTRIDA      8 7 2          S T R A N G U L A TION
  STOMATOMALACIA  PUTRIDA,   Cancer
aquaticus.
  STOMATONECROSIS, Cancer aquaticus, Sto-
macnce.
  STOMATONOMA. Stomacace.
  STOMATOPA'NUS, from aropa, oroparos, ' the
mouth,'and  iravos,  'a glandular tumour.'  Sto-
lutttojihy'mu glandulosum, Panus Fau'cium.  Tu-
mefaction ofthe glands ofthe mouth.
  STOMATOPHY'MA.from aropa, oroparos, 'the
mouth,' and tpvpa,  ' a swelling.'  A  swelling in
the mouth.
  Stomatophyma Glandulosum, Stomatopanus.
  STOxMATOPLAS'TIC, Stomatoplas''ticus,- from
aropa, oroparos, ' the mouth,' and irXaaaur, ' I form.'
An epithet for the operation of forming a  mouth,
where  tbe aperture has been contracted from any
cause.   Stomuto/tlas'ti/.
  STOMATORRHAGIA,  Stomatorrhce'a,  Ha-
tnorrhag"ia oris seu fau'cium, San'guinis profiil-
dum ex Ore, Hamorrho'i'ties  Oris,  Stomato'sis,
Stomorrhag"ia,  (¥.)  Himorrhagie buccale,  from
cropa, oroparos, ' the mouth,' and pnyvvpi,' I break
our.'   Hemorrhage from the mouth.
  Stomatorrhagia Alveoloiium, Phatnorrha-
gia—s. Gingivarum, Ulorrbagia.
  STOMATORRIKEA, Stomatorrhagia.
  STOMATOSCOPE,  from  aropa,   oroparos,
' mouth,' and oKoittm, ' I view.'  Any  instrument
for keeping the mouth open, so as to  permit the
parts within  to be inspected ; Speculum oris.
  STOMATOSEPSIS, Cancer aquaticus.
  STOMATOSIS, Stomatorrhagia.
  STOMATOSPASMUS, Trismus.
  STOMATYP1IUS, Stomatitis, pseudomembra-
nous.
  STOMENCEPHALUS, Stomocephalus.
  STOMOCEPH'ALUS,  Stomencejth'alns,  (¥.)
Stiimocijtlrale,   Sttrmericiphttle;   from  cto\xh,
'mouth,' and KetpuXn, 'head.'   A genus of mon-
sters, having two contiguous eyes, or a double eye
occupying the median line; the nasal apparatus
atrophied and forming a tube (trompe) ; tbe jaws
rudimental ;  and the mouth imperfect or want-
ing.— I.  G. St, Hilaire.
  STOMOMANICON, Platysma myoides.
  STOMORRHAGIA, Stomatorrhagia,
  STONE IN THE BLADDER, Calculi, vesical
— s. Binder, Osteocolla — s. Crop, Sedum — s.
 Crop, biting, Sedum—s. Mint, Cunila mariana—
s. Pock.  Acne — s.  Root, Collinsonia Canadensis,
   STONES. THE, Testes.
   STOOL, Dejectio.
   Stool, Calomel, see Calomel.
   STO RAX, Styrax — s. Liquida, Liquidambar
 styraciflua.
  'STOREY'S WORM  CAKES.  An  empirical
preparation, formed of calomel Qj, jalap 5Jj, zin-
gib. ^ij, sacch. ^j, cinuab.  antim. q.  s. to colour
 thein ; syrup, simjtl. q. s. to make into cakes.
   STORKRlLL, Geranium maculatum.
   STOUND. Stitch.
   STOVE, sEstua'rjum, Stupha. Old French, Es-
 tuve; a Stew, (¥.) Etuve.  A limited space, warm-
 ed  artificially, and  in which the air is slowly re-
 newed.  It is used for drying various substances,
 as plants, extracts, conserves,  <fec, or for taking
 vapour baths.   In  this  case, the  stew or  stove is
 said to be wet or humid; in the opposite case, it
 is said to be dry,  (¥.) siche.   The latter, which
 is used by the Turks, is the Lacorlicum or Cali-
 da'rium of  the Romans.   The former is  their
 Tepida'rium or  Vnpora'rium.  These  kinds of
 baths  greatly excite the cutaneous transpiration ;
 and are  valuable agents in rheumatic  and other
 affections.
   STRABI, see Strabismus.
   STRABILISMOS. Strabismus.
   STRABIS'MUS, Strabilia'mos, Parop'sis Stra-
bismus, from orpafios.' twisted,' 'one who squints;'
Strabos'itas, Loxo/ihthal'mus, Distor'sio. hns'citas,
I/lo'sis,  Ilo'sis, Helo'sis,  Squinting, Cram ei/e,
(Prov.) Doyle, Glecing, (Sc.) Ske/lie. Skecly, (¥.)
' Strabisme,  Vne louche, Loucheincut.  Want of
concordance of the  optic axes.  It  may  be  de-
pendent upon natural or acquired inequality in
the action of the motor muscles of the eye; on a
convulsive state of one of those  muscles; a dif-
ference in the sensibility of the  two eyes; or a
cerebral affection.   In tbe treatment, if the dis-
ease seem to depend upon  an  excess of strength
in one of the motor muscles, we must endeavour
to give tone to that which  is too weak, by placing
before the eye a  mask having a small aperture
on the side to which it is necessary to direct the
pupil; or by  wearing  glasses, provided  with a
piece of looking-glass, on the  side to which  the
eye  is  vitiously turned; so that the reflection
may be inconvenient, and occasion the  organ to
be turned in an opposite direction ; or by putting
a black  patch on  the angle opposite to  that to
which the ej'e is turned.  If owing to weakness,
the organ must  be  strengthened by being  ex-
erted  alone, and  by leaving  the other  at rest.
If the disease be symptomatic of cerebral affec-
tion, attention must, of course, be directed to the
latter.
  Strabismus may  be eingle, or  affect one eye
only, or double, and  it may be convergent or di-
vergent.
  Those affected with Strabismus are called Stra-
bi,  JStrabo'nes,  Strabo'ni, Strebli, Ilii,  III'ides,
Sqitint'ers, Squint-eyed, (Sc) Gleyed, (¥.) Louehes,
liiejles.  A slight  deviation is  generally called a
Cast in the Eye, and, sometimes,  a Cock-eye.
  Strabismus, Convergent, see Strabismus—s.
Divergent, see Strabismus—s. Double, see Stra-
bismus—s. Single, see Strabismus.
  STRABONES, see Strabismus.
  STRABONI, see Strabismus.
  STRABOSITAS,  Strabismus.
  STRABOT'OMY,  Strabotom'ia, from  oTpafios,
'one  who squints,'  and  ropn, 'incision.'  The
operation for tbe  removal of  squinting  by  the
division  of the muscle or muscles that distort the
eye-ball.
  STRAE-DEATH, see Death.
   STRAIN, Sprain.
   STRAIN, colare,  (¥.)  carder, from  orpayyctv,
stringere, (¥.) estreintlre, 'to constrict or squeeze.'
To pass decoctions, infusions, <fec, forcibly through
linen ;  also,  to exert an effort.  This is  accom-
plished by fixing firmly  the parts where the mus-
cles to be exerted originate, in order that their
full power may be developed.
   STRAINING, Nisus.
   STRAITS  OF  THE  PELVIS, see Pelvis.
   STRAMOINE, Datura stramonium.
   STRAMONIA, Datura stramonium.
   STRAMONIUM, Datura stramonium—s. Fce-
tidum, Datura stramonium—s. Majus album, Da-
 tura stramonium —s. Spinosum, Datura stramo-
nium— s. Yulgatum, Datura  stramonium.
   STRANGAL'IDES.  from  orpayyttt, 'I  com-
press.'  Small, hard tumours, which form, as in
 the breast when the milk does not find issue.
   STRANGALION, Tubercle.
   STRANGALIS, Tubercle.
   STRANGALISMUS, Strangulation.
   STRANGERS' FEVER, see Fever, strangers'.
   STRANGULATIO, Orthopnoea, Strangulation
 — s.  Uterina, Angone.—s. Vulvae, Hysteria.
   STRANGULA'TION,  Stronguluf tio,  P„ix,
 Pm'g'mos,  Strangalis'mus,  (V.)  Etraiiglcment,
 Strangulation.  From arpnyyot.  'I constrict or
 squeeze.'  State of n part  too closely constricted.
| Thus we say that there is strangulation of an in- 
STRANGULATOR           873             STROPHULUS
testinal hernia, when the opening that gives pas-
sage to  the portion of protruded intestine con-
tracts, so  as to intercept  the  continuity of the
digestive canal.  In Legal Medicine, it means the
forcilde  obstruction  of the  air  passages, by  a
ligature or  by the hand,  for criminal purposes.
See Suffocation.
  STRANGULATOR, see Lycoides.
  STRANGURIA, Enuresis—s. Cruenta, Cystor-
rhagia.
  STRANGURIE,  Strangury —8.  Menstruelle,
Dysiuenorrhoea.
  STRANG U'RIOUS; same etymon  as the next.
Affected with, or of the nature of, strangury.
  STRAN'GURY,  Strangu'ria, Paru'ria  stilla-
t'ltiu, from arpuyyeiv,  ' to  squeeze,' and  ovpov,
'urine:' Dysu'ria, Urlna Stillicidium sen Sub-
stillum, (¥.) Strangurie.   Extreme  difficulty in
evacuating  the urine,  which issues only drop by
drop, and is accompanied with heat, pain,  tenes-
mus at tbe neck of the bladder, &e. See Ischuria,
und Retention.
  STRAPPING, WATER, see Water-dressing
—s. Wet, see Water-dressing.
  STRATHPEFFER,  MINERAL  WATERS
OF.  A sulphuretted water, at Strathpeffer, a few
miles west  from  Dingwall, in  Ross-shire, Scot-
land.  It contains sulphate of soda,  sulphate of
lime, chloride of sodium, sulphate of magnesia,
and sulpho-bydric acid.
  STRATIOTES, Achillea millefolium.
  STRATUM  BACILLATUM,  see  Tunica Ja-
cobi—s. Corneum, Epidermis—s.  Malpighii, Cor-
pus mucosum—s. Pigmenti, see Choroid—s. Pro-
ligerum, Proligerous disc.
  STRAWBERRY, Fragaria— s. Bush, Euony-
mus Americanus — s. Shrubby, Rubus arcticus—
s. Tree, Euonymus Americanus—s. Wild, Fragaria
Virginiana.
  STREAK. PRTMTTTVE, Groove, primitive.
  STREATIIAM,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.
Streatbam  is a village near London.   The waters
are saline and cathartic.
  STREBLI, see Strabismus.
  STREBLOSIS, Luxation.
  STRE.M.MA. Luxation, Sprain.
  STREPITO'SUS MORBUS.  'Noisy disease.'
A kind of flatulent disease, said by Sorbait to be
not uncommon in  the Austrian  Alps, in  which
emphysematous tumours form  on different parts
of  the body, — accompanied by sonorous  excre-
tion of £as  by the mouth  and anus.
  STREPITUS AURIUM, Tinnitus  aurium.
  STRETCHING, Pandiculation.
  STRIDE,  Vibices—s.  Ciliares, Ciliary processes
—s. Corneae, Tenia semicircularis—s. Longitudi-
nales Lancisii, see  Corpus callosum — s. Medul-
lares, see Processes teretes — s. Retinae subjectae
ligamento ciliari, Halo  signatus—s. Semilunares,
Tienia semicircularis—s. Terminates, Taenia semi-
circularis — s. Transversales Willisii, see  Corpus
callosum.
  STRIATED MUSCULAR FIBRE, see Mus-
cular fibre.
  STRIATUS, Canneli,  Grooved, see  Corpora
Striata.
  STRIBILTGO, Efflorescence.
  STRICTER A, Stricture —s. Ani, Stricture of
the  rectum — s. Intestini recti, Stricture  ofthe
rectum — s. Intestini  recti spasmodica, Stricture
of the  rectum, spasmodic—s. Oesophagi callosa,
Dysphagia constricta —s. Oesophagi spasmodica,
U'jsophagismus—s. Pharyngis seu o-sophagi vera,
Dysphagia  constricta — s. Pneputii, Phimosis —
s. Urethra?,  Urethrostenosis—s. Ventriculi, Stric-
ture of tbe stomach.
  STRICTURE. Strictu'ra, from stringere, stric-
tutn, 'to tie hard.'  Caarctalio,  St,gno'sis. (¥.)
Ritricissement.  A diminution or contracted con-
dition of some tube or duct, as the oesophagus,
rectum,  urethra,  <fec   This must be dilated by
appropriate bougies.  Strictures may, also, occur
in  tbe intestines: they are  unmanageable, with
the exception of those of the rectum, which admit
of topical applications.
  Stricture  of  the  CEsophagus,  Dysphagia
constricta—s. of the Pharynx, Dysphagia con-
stricta.
  Stricture of the Rectum, Spasmodic, Stric-
tu'ra Intestini Recti spasmodica, Obstruc'tio Recti
spas'tica.  An affection occurring in the nervous
especially, which  subsides spontaneously,  after a
longer or shorter  continuance.
  Stricture of the rectum, Strictu'ra Ani seu In-
testini Recti, Archostegno'not, Rettosteno'sis, Eu-
thyenter-osteon''ma, Archostegno'sis, Arclotsteno'sis,
Procto'encllsis, Augusta'tio et Rcstric'tio intestini
recti seu ani, Stenocho'ria intestini recti, Procto-
stenosis organ'ica, occurs also organically, and is
a very serious affection; being generally depend-
ent upon scirrhus.
  Stricture of  the  Stomach, Gastrosteno'sis,
Coarcta'tio seu Strictu'ra ventric'uli.   See Gas-
trostenosis cardiaca, &c.
  Stricture of  the Urethra,  Urethrostenosis
— s. of  the Urinary bladder, Oystostenochoria—
s. Vesica? urinariae, Cvstostenochoria. .
  STRIDOR DENTIUM, Brvnms.
  STRIGA  CARTILAGINOSA  CORDIS, Isth-
mus of the fossa  ovalis.
  STRIGIL,  Strig'His, Stlen'gis, Slelerlgis.  A
flesh-brush.   Also, an instrument, anciently used
in the baths, for scraping off the sweat.
  STRIPED  MUSCULAR FIBRE, see Muscu-
lar fibre.
  STROBILITI'TES, from orpofaXos, stro'bilus,
'a  cone  of  the pine.'  Wine impregnated with
the cones of the pine.
  STROEMIA,Cadaba.
  STROKE,  APOPLECTIC.   An  apoplectio
seizure.
   Stroke, Back, of the Heart,  Impulse, dia-
stolic.
   Stroke, Paralyt'ic.  A sudden attack of en-
cephalo-spinal paralysis.
   STROMA,  Strag'ulum, Stramen'tum; orptitpa,
' a  bed  or couch,' frora arporvvvur,  orpotvvvpi. ' to
spread out; to cover.'  The bed or foundation-
texture  of an organ,—as the stroma ofthe ovary.
Applied, also, to  the bed or base of any deposit
— as tbe 'amorphous stroma' of scrofulous de-
posits.
  STROMBULCUS,  Forceps (bullet.)
  STRONG LE, Strongylus—s.Giaut, Strongylus

° STRON'GYLUS,  from  crpoyyvXos. 'round.'
Hippocrates, Chabert, and  others, mean the As'-
caris luinbrico'i'des by this term.  The Strongylus
Gigas, Eustron'gylus gigas,  As'caris  viscera'lis
seu rena'lis, Fusa'ria viscera'lis  et rena'lis, (¥.)
Strong/e, S. giant, is, however, distinct.  It has
an  obtuse, flat head ;  mouth surrounded with six
flattish papilla?: the whole bursa of the male trun-
cated : the tail of  the female rounded.  It is some-
times met with,—five inches, a foot, a foot and a
half, and  even three feet long, — and from  two
lines  to half an  inch in diameter.   It is occa-
sionally  found in the human  kidney;  rarely in
other viscera,  and still  more rarely in the intes-
tinal tube.
  Strongylus, Teres.
  STROPHOS, Tormina.
  STROPHULE, Strophulus.
  STROPH'ULUS,  Lichen!'asis   stroph ' ulus,
Ebullit'lo, Exanthe'ma sen  Exo~'"->'a strophulus,
Red Gum, Red Gown, Tooth Rash, White Gum,
Milk-spots,  (¥.)  Strojthule,  Feu.r de dents.   It
consists  of  au eruption of red, or sometimes 
STROPIIUS
874
STRYCHNOS
whitish  pimples,  occurring  in  early  infancy, |
chiefly about the face, neck, and arms, surrounded I
by a  reddish  halo ; or interrupted  by irregular
patches  of  cutaneous blush.    All  the  varieties
under this genus  arise in consequence of the ex-
treme vascularity and irritability of the skin at
this period of life, when the constitution is liable
to be disturbed by irritation, either in the ali-
mentary canal, gums  or  other  parts.  None of
these eruptions are of any importance, and no
medical  treatment  is usually  necessary. If the
stomach seem  at all disordered, a little rhubarb
and magnesia may  be administered  occasionally.
Willan and Bateman reckon five species, — Stro-
phulus intertinclus, Red gum or gown ; S. albi this,
white gum;  S. confer'tus,  rank  red gum,  Tooth
rash; S. volat'icus  or Erythe'ma volalicum, and
S. can'didus.
  Strophulus Sylvestris, Ignis sylvaticus—s.
Volaticus, Ignis sylvaticus.
  STROPHUS, Tormina.
  STRUCTIO, Structura.
  STRUCTURAL; same etymon  as the  next.
Of, or belonging to, structure.
  STRUCTURE, Structu'ra, Struc'tio, Confior-
ma'tio,   Catasceu'e,  from  struere,  strnctum,  'to
build.'   The arrangement of tbe different tissues
or organic elements of which  animals and vege-
tables are composed.  See Tissue.
  STRUMA, Bronchocele, Scrofula.
  Struma Adipo'sa, Obes'itas colli.   Fatty neck.
Prominence of the neck from obesity.
  Struma Fungosa, Encephaloid.
   STRUMES, Scrofula.
  STRUMEUN. Scrofulous.
  STRUMOSIS  CEREBRI, Encephalophymata
— s.  Pulmonum,  Tubercles ofthe lungs.
  STRUMOSUS, Scrofulous.
  STRUMOUS,  Scrofulous.
  STRUTHIOPH'AGUS, from  crpovSiov,  'a
young  ostrich,' and tpayur, 'I eat.'  Strutbiopha-
gous tribes still exist in some parts  of Africa.
   STRUTHIUM, Saponaria.
   STRUVE'S LOTION FOR HOOPING-
COUGH, see Lotion, Struve's, for hooping-cough.
   &TWXCH.XIA, Stryehni'na,Slrych'n;ne,Sti-ych-
m'nttm,  Strych'nium, Vauqueline, Telanine.  An
alkaline principle; solid, crystalline, inodorous,
bitter, and excessively poisonous, which has been
found in Strychnos nux vomica,  S. Colubrlna,  S.
 Tieuti,  Igna'tia  arna'ra,  Cer'bera Theve'tia, and
 C.  Aho'vai.   (Nucis vomica, rasur. Tbiv:  calcis
pulv. ^vj ; acid, muriat. f ^iij ;  alcohol., acid, sul-
 jthttric. dil., liquor,  ammonia, carbon, animal.
 purif., aqua, aa q. s.  Digest the nux vomica in
two gallons of water, acidulated with a fluidounce
of  muriatic acid, for 24 hours:  then boil for two
hours, and strain with expression through a strong
linen bag.   Boil the residuum twice successively
in  the  same  quantity of acidulated water,  each
 time straining as  before.  Mix the decoctions,
 and  evaporate to the consistency of thin syrup ;
 then add the lime previously mixed with a pint
 of water, and boil for ten minutes, frequently
 6tirring.  Pour the mixture into a  double linen
 bag, and having washed the precipitate well with
 water, press,  dry, and  powder it.   Treat the
 powder repeatedly with boiling alcohol, until de-
 prived of its bitterness; mix the liquors, and dis-
 til off the alcohol by means of a water-bath.  Mix
 the  residue with water, and having applied heat,
 drop in sufficient diluted sulphuric acid to neutra-
 lize  and dissolve the strychnia ; then  add  puri-
 fied  animal charcoal; boil for a few minutes, filter,
 evaporate, and crystallize.  Dissolve the crystals
 in water, and add  sufficient solution of ammonia
 to precipitate the strychnia.  Lastly, dry the pre-
 cipitate on bibulous paper.  Ph. U. S.)  The ac-
 tion—therapeutical and toxical—of strychnia on
man and animals is exactly like that of tbe alco-
holic  extract  of nux  vomica.  It is, however,
more  nctive.  An eighth of a grain is sufficient
to kill a large  dog: and a quarter of a grain pro-
duces marked  effects on  the  human body, when
in health.   It has been given in paralysis and
other cases like the nux vomica.  Dose,  one-
sixteenth to one-twelfth of a grain.
  Strychnia,  Acetate of,  Strychnia? acetas —
s. Hydriodate  of, Strychniae hydriodas—s. Iodatc
of, Strychniae  iodas—s. Iodide of, Strychnia- hy-
driodas.
  Strych'nia, I'odide of Iodhydrate  of, (F.)
Iodure d'Iodhydrate de Strychnine, is made by
pouring a solution of ioduretted iodide of potas-
sium into a solution of a salt ofi strychnia ,-  treat-
ing the  precipitate with boiling alcohol, and crys-
tallizing.   Used in the same cases as  strychnia.
Dose, a tenth  to a sixth of a grain.
  Strychnia, Muriate of, Strychnin? murias —
s. Nitrate of, Strychniae nitras — s. Sulphate of,
Strychnhc sulphas.
  Strychnia  and  Zinc. Double  Iodide  of,
Zinc and Strychnia, double iodide of.
  STRYCH'NLE   ACE'TAS, Strych'nium  seu
Strychni'num  ace'ticum,  Ace'tas  strych'nii  seu
strych'nicus, Ac"etate of Strychnia or Strychnine.
This salt is  formed by the direct combination of
strychnia with acetic acid.    It is given in the
same cases as  pure strychnia.
  Strych'ni/F. Hydri'odas, .S". iodhy'tlras, Strycll-
nium hydro'intlicum,  Hydriodas seu Iodhy'tlras
stryell,1 icus, Hydriodate or Iodide  ofi Strychnia,
is prepared by mixing a solution of iodide ofi po-
tassium with a concentrated solution of acetate of
strychnia.
  Strych'nia I'ottas,Strychni'na I'odas, Strycli-
ni'na loda'ta, Strych'nium seu Strychnlunm lod'-
icurn, I'odas Strych'nii seu Strych'nicus, I'odate
of Strych'nia  or Strychnine.  This salt  may be
formed   by adding a  concentrated solution of
?W?'c acid  to strychnia; treating with boiling
alcohol; filtering, and  leaving it to spontaneous
evaporation.
  Strych'ni.13 Mu'RIAS,  Mtt'date  of  Strychnia.
(The product  of the  union  of muriatic acid, and
strychnia.)  Used in the same cases as strychnia.
  Strychnia Nitras, Strych'nium nitricum, A'i-
trate of Strychnia or Strychnine, (¥.) A'itrate ou
Azotate de Strychnine.  (The product of the union
of nitric acid and strychnia.)  Used in the same
cases as strychnia.
  Strycii'nijE Sulphas. Strych'nium  sulphu'ri-
cum, Suljihate of Strychnia  or Strychnine.   Has
the same properties.
   STRYCHNINA, Strychnia.
   STRYCHNINE,  Strychnia —s. Azotate of,
Strychniae nitras.
   STRYCHNINUM, Strychnia.
   STRYCHNISM, see Strychnos nux vomica.
   STRYCUNIUM, Strychnia —s. Aceticum,
Strychniae  acetas—s. Nitricum, Strychniae nitras
— s. Sulphuricum, Strychniae sulphas.
   STRYCHNOS,  Solanum dulcamara —s. Colu-
brina, see Strychnia, and S. Nux vomica—s. Guia-
nensis, see Curare — s. Ignatii, Ignatia amara.
   Strychnos NuxVom'ica, Nux Vomica, Metel-
la,  Caniram, Koocltla tree.   Nat. Orel. Loga-
niaceae.  Sex. Syst. PentandriaMonogynia.  (F.)
 Vomiquier.   A  tree  of the  family  Strychno'idc,
which  grows  in India, and  the seeds  of which
have been long  sold  in the shops, under tbe
names, Nux Vomica, Vomic or Poison rail. Bache-
 lors' buttons,  &e.,  (¥.) Noix vomique.  For a long
 time, these seeds were used only for poisoning
 rats; but subsequently an  alcoholic extract was
 prepared  from  them,  which  has  been admin-
 istered  in  paralytic affections,  in small  doses.
 Dose of the  Alcoholic Extract, Extrac'tum nucis 
STRYPIINA              875           STYLO-GLOS S US
ram'ica spirituo'sum seu nucis vomica resino'sum
fjeu tiucia vomica alcohol'icum, [¥.) Extrait alco-
Imliqite  de  noix  vomique, one or two grains.   It
produces a  kind  of tetanic convulsion in the  pa-
ralyzed parts, when given to the requisite extent.
It has,  also, been  administered  in chronic diar-
rhoea and  dysentery.   When taken to such an
extent as to induce toxical phenomena — Strych-
nism — it causes,  at  first, or when given in  a
smaller dose,  greatly augmented excitability of
the spinal  nervous system, with slight  transient
paroxysms  of spasms of the limbs,  and hurried
respiration.  In  larger  doses, the excitability is
still more developed, with paroxysms of prolonged
general tetanic convulsions, laryngismus or con-
traction of the  glottis,  violent efforts of respira-
tion, apoplexy, and asphyxia.
   The following is the  formula for  the prepara-
tion of the Extrac'tum Nucis Vom'ic^e  of  the
Pharm  U.  S.  Take of  Nux vomica, Ibj ; Alcohol,
a sufficient quantity.  Expose the Nux Vomica to
steam till it is softened;  then, having sliced  and
dried it, grind it into powder.   Introduce  it  into
an apparatus for displacement, and pour alcohol
upon it gradually, until the liquid passes without
bitterness.   Distil off the greater part of the alco-
hol  from the  filtered liquor, and  evaporate  the
residue to the proper consistence.
   The bark is the false  angustura or false cuspa-
ria bark ;  Rohitn.   See Brucea antidysenterica.
   The  wood of  Strychnos  Colubri'na, Modira
caniram, an Indian tree, which contains strychnia,
was formerly considered a  specific against  the
bites of venomous animals; and was recommended
by Boerhaave in intermittents.   It is the Lignum
 Colitbrlnum, (¥.) Bois de Couleuvre.
   Under the names arpvxvi, and arpvxvos, differ-
ent kinds  of nightshade are described by Dios-
corides.
   Strychnos  Tonatii, Ignatia. amara.
   Strychnos  Potato'rum,  Clearing  tint.   The
fruit of a large tree of  Silhet, which, when ripe,
is sold in the markets of India,  and has been in-
troduced into those of London, under  the name
Xirinul/ees or Xirmillies.  One of them  is  well
rubbed for  a minute or  two around the inside of
a vessel containing water,  which it purifies by
causing the impurities,  which the fluid contains,
to be deposited  through its albumen and casein
it is supposed.
   Strychnos  Pseudoqui'na, Quina do Campo,
of Brazil, is used  by the natives as a substitute
for cinchona.
   Strychnos  Tieute. see Strychnia, and Upas—
S. Toxiearin, see Toxifera, and Curare.
   STRYPIINA, Astringents.
   STRYPHNOS,  Acerb.
   STUDIOSUS MEDICIN2E, Philiatros.
   STUDIUM INANE, Aphelxia otiosa.
   STUDY, BROWN, Aphelxia otiosa.
   STUFF, see Medicament.
   STUFFING,  Cynanche trachealis.
   STULTITIA, Fatuitas.
   STUMP, (G.)   Stumpf.  (D.)   Stomp,   'a
stump;' also, ' blunt.'   (F.) Moignon.   The  part
remaining  from  which  a limb or other part  has
been amputated or removed in any manner. Also,
the portion of a tooth remaining in  the alveolus,
after the corona has been removed, (F.) Chicot.
   STUMPFOOT,  Kyllosis.
   STUNNED.  Old French, Estonni, (¥.) Eton-
nt,  (L.) attonitus,  'astonished.'    An  epithet,
applied to  one who, in  consequence of a fall or
other accident,  has received such a concussion
of the brain as to  deprive hira, for a time, of his
mental  manifestations.
  STUPA,   orv*n.  Stujrha, Stuppa,  arvrrtrv, Stu-
pelon.  Tow, used in certain surgical apparatuses  I
' and dressings, (F.) Etoupe.  Also, a Stupe, that
! is, cloth or tow used in  fomentations.  A flannel
 or other article wrung out  of hot water, plain or
 medicated, applied to a part, is a stujre.  The act
 of applying such stupe is called stuping.
   STUPE. Stupa.
   STUPEFACIENTIA, Narcotics.
   STUPEFACTIFS, Narcotics.
   STUPEFACTIO, Narcosis.
   STUPEFIANTS, Narcotics.
   STUPEION, Stupa.
   STUPEUR, Stupor.
   STUPIIA,  Stove, Stupa.
   STUPIA, Tin.
   STUPTDITAS, Idiotism, Imbecility.
   STUPING, see Stupe.
   STUPOR,  Ee/ilex'is,  Ecplex'ia, Consterna'tio,
 (Se.)  Stoarff, Swerfi, (¥.)- Stupenr, from stnjierc,
 ' to be stupefied.'   Diminished activity of the in-
 tellectual  faculties, often amounting to lethargy.
 It occurs  in  many affections,  especially  in  the
 neuroses.
   Stupor, Narcosis—s. Artuum, Obdormitio —s.
 Dentium,  ILemodia — s. Formicans, Formication
 — s. Mentis,  Fatuitas — s. Vigilans, Catalepsy.
   STUPPE,  Stupa.
   STUPRATION, Stuprum.
   STUPRUM, Rape, Slujtra'tion, (¥.)  Difiora-
 tion,  Viol.  Forcible and illicit enjoyment of a
 married or unmarried female.  When committed
 upon  the  latter,  which  is most  commonly  the
 case,  it is also  called,  Deflora'tion, Deflora'tio,
 Devirginalio,  Vitia'tio, Apanthis'mrts,  &c.  In
 judging whether rape has been committed under
 such  circumstances, the  state of  the genital or-
 gans; the age ofthe individual; and the possibi-
 lity of accidents and diseases of the parts, will
 have to be considered.   It will be necessary, also,
 to be  acquainted with the evidences of virginity ;
 and to determine,—if signs of virginity no longer
 exist, — whether its loss  be attributable to copu-
 lation, or  to the introduction into the vagina of
 any other body than the male organ, &c.   Recent
 deflowering can, of course,  be much more readily
 distinguished than  that which has  taken place
 some  time.
    STUTTERTNG,  Balbuties.
    STY AN, Hordeolum.
    STYE,  Hordeolum.
    STYGMATES.  M. J. Cloquet has proposed
 this word, or Stigmates, from onypa, 'a  mark,'
 to  designate  the  marks, in  form of cicatrices,
 which remain on the peritoneum after the oblite-
 ration of  the neck of a  hernial sac.  They are,
 commonly, radiated folds,  of a whitish appear-
 ance,  more or less  thick, and of a  fibrous or fibro-
 cartilaginous nature.
   STYLET. Specillum.
    STYLI, Styloid processes.
    STYLIFORM, Styloid.
    STYLO, in composition, relating or belonging
 to the styloid process of the temporal bone.
   STYLO-CERATOIDES,  Stylo-hyoideus —s.
 Cerato-hyoideus, Stylo-hyoideus.
   STYLO - CIIONDRO - HYOIDEUS.  A name
 given, by  Douglas and Albinus, to a fleshy fasci-
 culus which  the stylo-hyoid muscle sometimes
 presents,  and which is  attached to the  lesser
 cornu of the  os hyoides.   It is the same fascicu-
 lus which  Santorini  calls Stylo-hyoVdes novus,
 Stuloht/o'ideus alter.
   STYLO-GLOSS US.   A  muscle situate  at  the
 anterior and superior part of the neck.  It is nar-
 row behind,  much broader before; is  attached
 to the styloid process of the temporal bone, and
 to the stylo-maxillary ligament; and is inserted
 into the side of the tongue.   It raises the base of
 the tongue and carries it backwards. 
STYLO-HYOIDEUS          876            SUB-ATLOIDEUS
  STYLO-HYOIDEUS,  Stylo-eer'ato-liytritleus, I
Stylo-ceratoVdes, Stylo-hyoides major,  (¥.) Stylo-
hyo'idien.  A muscle, situate at the superior, ante-
rior, and lateral part of the neck.   It is thin and
narrow, — especially  posteriorly:  anteriorly,  it
opens to give passage to the tendon of  the digas-
tricus.  It is attached  to the styloid  process of
the  temporal  bone, and  to the  body  of  the os
hyoides.  It raises the  os  hyoides, and carries it
backwards.
   Stylo-hyoid  Ligament is  a  fibrous, flattened
cord, which passes from the styloid process to the
lesser cornu of the os hyoides.
   Stylo-hyoid  Nerve is the  second branch
given off by the facial nerve.
   STYLOID,  Sty'liform,  Styloi'des,  GrajihioV-
des,  Graphrii'des, Graphio'des,  Graphido'i'des,
Bel ono'des, from arvXos, 'a style,' 'a peg,' 'a pin,'
and etoos, ' shape.'  Shaped like a peg or pin.
   Styloid Cornua, see Hyoides os.
   Styloid  Progresses,  Pencil-like   Processes,
Proces'sus Belo'ides seu Belemno'ides seu BelonoV-
des seu Grajthioides  seu  Grapho'i'des,  Styli, are,
1.  A long and slender process of the temporal
bone, to  which are  attached the stylo-glossus,
stylo-pharyngeus, and  stylo-hyoideus muscles,
and  the  stylo-hyoid  and  stylo-maxillary  liga-
ments.   2.  Two slender and pyramidal processes
at the inferior  extremities of the radius and ulna.
   STYLO-MASTOID,  Stylo-mastoideus.   That
which  relates  to the styloid and mastoid  pro-
cesses.
   Stylo-mastoid Artery arises from  the poste-
rior auricular,  and, in some subjects, from the
occipital.  It enters  the  stylo-mastoid  foramen ;
passes  along  the aqueduct  of  Fallopius, and
spreads  its ramifications on  the  mucous mem-
brane of the tympanum, and in the mastoid cells,
and semi-circular canals ; and terminates by anas-
tomosing with a branch of the Arteria meningaa
media, which   enters  by   the  Hiatus  Fallopii.
 Murray has given the  name—Stylo-mastoid — to
 the posterior auricular artery itself.
   Stylo-Mastoid Fora'men, Foramen Stylo-mas-
 ttfideum  seu  Aquadileitis Fallo'pii,   (¥.)  Trou
 anonyme, is situate at the  inferior  surface of the
 petrous  portion of the temporal bone, between
 the styloid and mastoid processes.   It terminates
 the aqueduct of Fallopius, and gives  passage to
 the facial nerve.
   S T Y L 0 - M A X' I LL ARY,  Stylo-maxilla'ris.
 That which relates to  the styloid processes and
 jaw.
   The  Stylo-Maxillary Ligament is  a  liga-
 mentous, flat cord, extending between  the styloid
 process and the angle of the jaw.
   STYLO-PHARYNGEUS,  (F.)  Stylo - thyro-
 pharyngien.   A  muscle,  situate  at the anterior
 and lateral part of the neck.   It is slender; thin
 above;  attached to  the styloid  process  of the
 temporal bone, and terminates in the parietes of
 the pharynx, as well as at the posterior  margin
 of the thyroid  cartilage.  It raises the pharynx
 and carries it  backwards.  Professor  Chaussier
 has  united, under the name  Stylo-pharyngien,
 the three constrictor muscles ofthe pharynx, the
 stvlo-pharyngeus, and  palato-pbaryngeus.
   "STYLOPH'ORUM  DIPHYL'LUM, Meconop'-
sis diphyl'la, Chelido'uium  diphyllum, Celandine
or  Horn Poppy,  Bruise  root.   An  indigenous
plant, of the family Papaveraceae, growing from
western Pennsylvania to Wisconsin, which flowers
from May to August.   The juice is fetid and nar-
cotic   Infused  in wine, it has been  given in-
ternally in gravel: and has been  applied exter-
nally to contusions, &o.
   STYLO -THYRO- PILAR YNGIEN,  Stylo -
pharvngeus.
   STYLUS, Sound.
  Stylus  Excava'tus,  Sjtecillum  ,■.,-,■„ rtlium.
A hollow sound.
  STYMA, Erection, Priapismus.
  STYMATOSLS, Stimatosis.
  STYM'MATA, from  orv/iua,  orvpparos,  'that
which  constricts or thickens.'  Tbe  most solid
ointments.   Also, the ingredients  proper for in-
creasing their consistence.
  STY PS IS. Astriction, Constipation.
  STYPTERIA, Alumen, Styptics.
  STYPTIC, see Styptics.
  Styptic, Bini.lli's,  Aqua Binellii—s.  Broc-
chieri's, Aqua Brocchierii.
  Styptic, Eaton's. A name first given to Ilelve-
tius's Styptic, when introduced into Great Britain.
It is now usually made  of calcined green vitriol,
5J ; jit-oof spirit, tinged with a little oak bark, Oij.
  Styptic, Helvetius's, see Ferrum tartariza-
tum, and Styptic, Eaton's.
  Styptic, Pagi.iari's, Haemostatic, Pagliari's.
  Styptic, Ruspini's, Liquor Stypticns Ruspini,
A nostrum, said to  consist  of gallic acid, a small
quantity of sulphate of zinc and opium, dissolved
in a mixture of alcohol and rose-water, which has
had much reputation as an internal and external
astringent.
  Styptics,  Cont rah erl tin,  Constrictlva  Medi-
camen'ta, Constrimjen'tia, Anaslaltica, Catastal'-
tica, Stypte'ria, (¥.)  Styptiqnes, from orvrror,  'I
constringe.'  Sometimes used-synonyraously with
astringent, but generally applied to a substance
employed to arrest hemorrhage, — Enalnon.  A
mechanical styptic is one that arrests  the flow  of
blood,  by being applied immediately to the mouth
of the bleeding vessel, or  by inducing a coagu-
lum, mechanically, in  it.  A chymical styptic is
one which  coagulates, chymically,   the  blood
around a bleeding orifice.
  STYRACTNUM O'LEUM.  Oil obtained  by
boiling storax in good  olive oil.
  STYRAX, orvpal-.  A resin obtained from Sty-
rax officinalis and S. calami'ta.   It is the  solid
storax;—officinal storax.   There are two kinds
of storax met with: 1.  Red Storax, Gum Storax,
Thus Judao'rutn,  Styrax  rubra,  Sly'racis bal-
samum,  Balsamum styracis  officinalis, which is
obtained by incision from the Styrax officina'lis,
and perhaps from  the Liquidanlbar Orienta'lis.
The purest is in tears;  but it has lost some of its
smell  in drying.   2.  Common Storax, Styrax ea-
lami'ta.  That which has been  received in reeds
or vessels, and has had saw-dust added immedi-
ately to thicken it.  The odour of storax is fra-
grant;  the taste aromatic.   It is considered, like
the other  balsams, to  be stimulant and expecto-
rant, but is rarely used long.
  Pu'rified  Storax,  S. cola'ta seu jtudfica'ta,
S.  prapara'ta,  Extractum sty'racis,  is prepared
by  dissolving storax in alcohol; straining the  so-
lution ; then distilling off the alcohol with  a gen-
tle  heat, until the storax acquires the proper con-
sistence.— Ph.  U.  S.   Dose, gr. x to  xxx.
  Styrax Alba, see Myroxylon Peruiferum — s.
Benzoin, see Benjamin —s.  Calamita, see Styrax
—s. Liquida, Liquidambar styraciflua—s. Offici-
nalis,  see Styrax.
  STYSIS, Erection, Priapismus.
   SUAVEOLENS, Beneolens.
   SUB.  A common Latin prefix, often signifying
' beneath,' or 'a lower degree.'
   SUBACIDUS, Acidulous.
   SUBACTIO, Chiro'sis, Cheiro'sis, from snbigo,
snbactum,  (sub,  and ago), ' to subject, to prepare.'
The operation  of making plasters, extracts, Ac,
with the hand,  or with the pestle  and mortar.
   SUBAFFECTIO, Hydropathia.
   SUBAGITATRIX,  Tribade.
   SUB-ATLOlDEUS,  lufra-alloideus, (¥.) Sont-
atloidien.   That  which is  situate beneath  the 
SUB-AXOIDEUS            877              SUBLINGUAL
atlas or first cervical  vertebra.  Chaussier has
given this name to the second pair of cervical
nerves.
  SUB-AXOIDEUS,  Infira-axoideus, (F.)  Sous-
axoidien.  That which is  below the axis or ver-
tebra dentata.   Chaussier has given this name to
tbe third pair of cervical nerves.
  SUBAZOTAS B1SMUTICUS, Bismuth, sub-
nitrate of.
  SUBRORAS NATRICUM, Borax.
  SUBOARTILAGINEUM, Hypochondre.
  SUBCLA'VIAN, Subcla'viua, Subclovicula'ris,
from 8»6, and clavis, 'the clavicle.'  That  which
is under tbe clavicle.
  Subclavian  Arteries, (F.) Artires sous-da-
vihes, are situate at the upper part of the  chest,
and tbe lateral and  lower parts  of  the  neck.
The right arises at the corresponding side  of the
trachea, and comes off frora the  arteria innomi-
nata or brachio-cephalic  trunk.   The left  leaves
the aorta  at the end  of the arch.  Both extend
as  far as the superior surface  of the  first  rib, in
the space between the scaleni muscles, beyond
 which  they  take  the  name  axillary arteries.
 The subclavian arteries  run,  for some distance,
 without sending off any branch.   In the  neigh-
 bourhood of the first rib, however, they give off,
 1.  Upwards, the vertebral and  inferior thyroideal.
 2.  Dotruuiards, the internal mammary and supe-
 rior intercostal.  3. Outwards, the transverse cer-
 vical or posterior scapular, the superior scapular;
 and the jrosterior cervical or profunda.
   Subclavian or Subclavius Muscle, Subcla-
 via'nus,, (¥.)  Costo-clavicnlaire (Ch.),  Sous-cla-
 vier, is situate  at the superior and anterior part
 of the chest.  It is attached, by its inner  extre-
 mity, to the superior  surface  of the cartilage of
 the first rib;  and by its superior margin and
 outer  extremity to the inferior surface   of the
 clavicle.  This muscle depresses the clavicle, and
 carries it forward.  When  the shoulder is  fixed,
 it can raise  the first rib.
   Subclavian Veins, (F.)  Vdnes  sotts-clavieres,
 are continuations of the axillary, and extend from
 the inferior  extremity of the scalenus anticus, in
 front of which they pass, to the vena cava supe-
 rior, which  they form by their union.   The right
 subclavian  vein is very short; the  left,  longer
 and broader.  These veins receive the mouths of
 the internal and external jugulars, vertebral and
 superior intercostal. The left subclavian receives
 two veins more than  the right,—the left internal
 mammary and left inferior thyroid.  The  thora-
 cic duct opens into the left subclavian :—the cor-
 responding  great lymphatic vessel  into the right.
   SUBCLAVICULA, from sub,  and  clavicula,
 'the clavicle.'  The first rib.
   SUBCLAVICULARS, Subclavian.
   SUBCLAVIUS, Subclavian muscle.
   SUBCRUEN'TUS,  'somewhat bloody;' from
sub, and cruentus,  'bloody;'  Hyjrha'mos.   That
 which has the  colour and  nature of blood.  An
epithet given to certain excreted substances, which
are mixed with blood, or have the appearance of
blood.
   SUBCRURiET, see Crura?us.
  SUBCUTA'NE0US,»i(tc»i-(e'»e»8, from sub, and
cutis, ' the skin ;' Intercuta'neus, (F.) Sous-cutani.
That which  is placed immediately under the skin.
  Subcutaneous Section, Hypodermatomy.
  Subcutaneus  Colli,  Superficialis  colli — s.
Mala? (Nervus), Orbitar nerve.
  SUBDELIRIUM, Tvphomania.
  SUB'DITA,  Subditil'itt, from snbdere, (sub,
and dare,) 'to put under;' Pros'theta.  Medicines
introduced into some  one of  the  natural aper-
tures .- — as  suppositories, pessaries, Ac.
  SUBDITITIA. Subdita.
  SUBDUCTIO, Dejection.
  SUBER, Cork.-—the bark ofthe Quercus Suber
or Cork  Tree, (¥.) Liige.  Family, Amentaceae.
Sex. Syst.  Moncecia  Polyandria.  Cork, when
burnt,  is  applied  as  a mechanical  styptic  to
bleeding piles, &c.  Surgeons  use it for making
tents;  and it has  been recommended to be worn
as an amulet to suppress the secretion of milk !
  SUBETH, Coma.
  SUBFRONTA'LIS SUTU'RA, from  sub, and
frons,  frontis, 'the forehead.'  A suture resulting
from the articulation  of the  os frontis with  the
nasal process of the superior maxillary bone, and
the proper  bones of the nose.
  SUBG ROND ATION, Depression.
  SUBHUMERATIO, Catomismos.
  SUBIGITATRIX, Tribas.
  SUBINFLAMMATIO,  Subinflammation — s.
Hepatis, Hepatitis, chronic.
  S U B IN F L A M M A'TION, Subinflamma'tio,
from sub, and  infiarnmatio.  Infiamntatiun'ctila,
Hypojthlegrna'sia.  A mild degree of inflamma-
tion, so slight as hardly to deserve the name in-
fiammation.  Broussais understood by the term,
an augmentation  in  the  vital  phenomena of  the
vessels that convey white blood.  There are, how-
ever, no such vessels.  Lymphatic engorgements,
scrofula, herpes, and cancer he considered subin-
flamtnations.
   SUBINTRAN'TES  FEBRES, from sub, and
intrare, 'to enter.' Commun iconics febres. Fevers
primarily intermittent, whose paroxysms approxi-
mate,  so  that one paroxysm  begins before  that
which  preceded it has gone through its stages.—
L. Bellini.
   SUBJECTIVE  SENSATIONS, see Sensation.
   SUBJEE, Bangue.
   SUBLIGACULUM, Truss.
   SUBLIGATURA, Truss.
   SUBLI M A M EN TDM, Ena?orem a.
   SUBLIMATE, CORROSIVE,  Hydrargyri
oxymurias.
   SUBLIMA'TION,  Sublima'tio, Mcteods'mus,
Hy/tso'sis,  from sublimis, 'exalted.' An operation
by which  dry and solid matters are volatilized
and condensed  at  tbe  upper part of a subliming
apparatus.   Calomel, sal  ammoniac, Ac, are com-
monly obtained by sublimation.   Tbe product of
sublimation  is a  Sublimate  Sublima'tum,  (¥.)
Sublimi.
   SUBLIMATUM CORROSIVUM, Hydrargyri
oxymurias.
   SUBLIMATUS  CORROSIVUS,  Hydrargyri
oxymurias.
   SUBLIME, Sublimis.
   SUBLIME,  Enaeorema, Sublimate—s. Corro-
sif, Hydrargyri oxymurias.
  'SUBLI'MIS, (F.)   Sublime, 'high, elevated,
superficial.'  Anatomists  have given  the name
sublimis  to certain  muscles, which  are situate
more  superficially than  their  kindred  muscles.
These  last  they have called profundi.  Of tbe for-
mer, the flexor sublimis digitorum is an example.
   The French  use the term  respiration  sublime
for the respiration which is accompanied  by con-
siderable elevation of  the  ribs, and with separa-
tion of the alae nasi at the  time of inspiration.
   SUBLINGUA, Uvula.
   SUBLIN'GUAL,  Sublingualis, (¥.) Sonslin-
gual, from sub, and  lingua, 'the  tongue.'  That
which  is  seated under the tongue.
  Sublingual  Artery,  with  some, is the Lin-
gual.  With  others, it is a branch given off  by
the lingual opposite the genio-glossus  muscle,
which  is distributed particularly to the sublingual
gland,  to the,mylo-hyoid, and genio-glos.-us mus-
cles, Ac.
  Sublingual  Gland,  Glan'dula sublingualis
seu Bartholinia'na seu Rivinielna, is seated  in
the substance of the inferior paries of the mouth, 
SUBLINGUIUM             87
beneath the anterior part of the  tongue.   It is
smaller than the submaxillary, of which it fre-
quently seems to be only a prolongation.   It is
oblong, flattened, amygdaloid, and is covered by
the mucous membrane  of  the mouth,  beneath
which  it projects.  This gland has 10 or 12 ex-
cretory ducts — Ductus Riviuia'ni seu  Walthe-
ria'ni—some of which open beneath the fraenum
lingua:-, joining  AVharton's  duct,  whilst others
pierce  the mucous membrane of the mouth sepa-
rately.  It has the same structure as the parotid.
   SUBLINGUIUM, Uvula.
   SUBLINGUUM,  Epiglottis.
   SUBLOB'ULAR,  Sublobttla'ris; from  sub, and
lobus, 'a lobe,' lobulus, 'a little lobe.' That which
is placed under a lobe.
   Sublobular Veins of the Liver.  The  veins
in which  the  intra-lobular veins terminate.  By
their union, the sublobular veins form the hepatic
veins.
   SUBLUXATIO, Sprain.
   SUBMAM'MARY, Submamma'rius, (¥.) Sous-
marnmaire,  from sub,  and mamma, 'the breast.'
Under the mamma or breast: —hence, 'submam-
mary inflammation,' inflammation  of the areolar
tissue  beneath the mamma.
   SUBMAX'ILLARY,   Submaxilla'ris, Infra-
maxilla' ris, (¥.) Sous-maxillaire, from  sub, and
maxilla, ' the jaw.'  That which is seated beneath
the jaw.
   Submaxillary Ganglion  is a small nervous
ganglion, situate opposite the  gland.    It seems
to be formed by the superior branch of the Vidian
nerve, and  communicates with the lingual nerve
 of the  inferior maxillary.  Its filaments form a
plexus which  penetrates the  submaxillary gland.
   Submaxillary Gland, Maxillary Gland, Hy-
 pognath'aden, Hyposial'aden, is a salivary gland,
less than the parotid, seated at the inner side of
 the  ramus  and  body of the  inferior maxillary
bone,  in  the  triangular space  between  the two
 bellies of  the  digastricus.   Irregularly  ovoid,
 and flattened  on  three surfaces, it  has  the  same
 aspect and organization  as  the other salivary
 glands.   Its excretory duct is called  Wharton's
 Duct,  and terminates at the side  of the fraenum
 lingua?, by  a very small orifice.  It is also called
 Ductus inferior.
   SUBMEN'TAL, Snbmentalis, (¥.) Sousmental,
 from sub, and tnentum, ' the chin.'  Situate under
 tbe  chin.
   Submental Artery is furnished by the facial,
 near the base of the jaw.  It passes   forwards
 along the attachment of the  mylo-hyoideus, to
 which it furnishes branches that cross it to  anas-
 tomose with those of tbe sublingual.   Near the
 median line it bifurcates, to be distributed to the
 chin and muscles of the infra-hyoid region.
   Submental Vein,  which  accompanies  the
 artery, opens into the labial.
   SUBMERSION,  Submer'sio, from   sub, and
 mergere, mersum, 'to plunge.'   The act  of plung-
 ing, or being  entirely plunged, in a liquid.
   Asjthyxia  by  submersion,   A.  Immerso'rum,
 Drowning,  is  not owing to a certain quantity of
 liquid  being  introduced  into  the alimentary or
 nir-passages;  but simply to  the  interception of
 air, and of the respiratory phenomena.  It is  a
 case of suffocation, the signs of which, on dis-
 section, are  equivocal,  without  circumstantial
 evidence.
   SUBMISSIO, Remission —s. Cordis,  Systole.
   SUBMU'COUS, Submuco'sns;  from  sub, and
 mucus.  Under  a mucous  membrane,—as the
 'submucous areolar tissue.'
   SUBMURIAS AMMONTACO-IIYDRARGY-
 RICUS, Hydrargyrum praecipitatum.
   SUBMUS'CULAR, Submtiscula''ris;  from sub,
8            SUBSCAPULAR
and muscnlus, 'a muscle.'  Seated  beneath  mus-
cles or a muscular laver.
  SUBOCCIPITAL, Sitboccijiita'lis;  from sub,
and occiput.  That which is situated under tht
occiput.
  Suboccip'ital Nerve, Occipital nerve.
  SUBOR'BITAR, Suborbitilrius, L,f.„or'bitrtr,
Inf'ra-orortalis, Infra-iirbita'i-ius, (p.) Sous-orbi-
taire,  from sub,  and  orbita,  ' the orbit.'  That
which  is seated beneath the orbitar cavity.
  Suborbitar  Artery,  Infra-orbitar  A., pro-
ceeds from the internal maxillary, from which it
separates near the anterior and superior part of
the zygomatic fossa.   It  enters the infra-orbitar
canal,  and  passes through it, giving branches to
the anterior and superior denial canal pissues by
the foramen inf'ra-orbitarium; and divides, in the
fossa  canina, into a  number of branches, which
lose themselves in the neighbouring parts.  Tho
infra-orbitar vein follows tbe same course.
  Suborbitar  Canal, Infra-orbitar Canal, (¥.)
Canal ou Conduit sons-orbitaire, is a small canal,
which runs obliquely through  the substance of
the inferior paries of the orbit.  It begins, behind,
by a simple gutter,  and  divides,  anteriorly, into
two  branches, one  of which  descends into the
anterior paries of the maxillary sinus,  whilst tho
other  passes  out, in  the canine fossa,  by an ori-
fice, called Foramen-infra-orbitariiirn, (¥.) Trial
soiis-orltituire.  The infra-orbitar artery and nervo
pass along it.
  Suborbitar  Fissure,  Infra-orbitar  Fissure,
Fissu'ra infra-orbital is, Rima cana'lis orbita'rii.
A fissure   in  the superior maxillary bone; the
superior commencement of the suborbitar canal.
  Suborbitar Fossa, Canine fossa.
  Suborbitar  Nerves,  Infra-orbitar Ncn-es,
seem  to terminate the superior maxillary.  They
issue from  the infra-orbitar canal by tbe foramen
of the same  name, and spread out in  a radiated
manner in  the fossa canina, to divide into sujrerior
or palpebral filaments, inferior or labial, internal
or nasal, and external or buccal.
  SUBPERITONE'AL, Sttbjjeritonea'lis; from
sub, and peritoneum.  That which lies  under the
peritoneum.
  Subperitoneal Aponeurosis, Fascia, subpe-
ritoneal— s.  Ganglia, see Spermatic ganglion.
  SUBPLACENTA, Decidua membrana.
  SUBPOPLIT.EUS, Poplita?us  muscle.
  SUBPUBIC ARCH, Arcus  eubpu'bicus, from
8»6, and pitbia.  A  strong  arch  of the  superior
pelvic aponeurosis, which completes the posterior
orifice of the obturator or subpubic canal.
  Subpubic Membrane, Obturator membrane.
  SUBPUBIO-FEMORALIS,  Abductor brevis
— s. Prostaticus, Compressor prostatas.
  SUBPURATIO, Suppuration.
  SUBPUTRIS, Hyposaprus.
   SUBSCAP'ULAR,  Subscapula'ria, (¥.) Soua-
acapulaire, Sous-scapnlo-trochinien, from sub, and
scapula, 'the shoulder-blade.'  That which is be-
neath  the  scapula.
  Subscapular  Fossa,  Fossa  Subscajtula'ris.
A considerable excavation at the  anterior surface
or venter of  the  scapula, in which the subseapu-
laris is seated.
   Subscapular  Muscle, Subscapula'ris Musc'e,
Immer'eua, Infra-scapula'ris,  (¥.)  Sous-scajiulo-
trochinien  (Ch.), Porte-fieuille, Muscle-sons-si-apii-
laire.   A muscle situate in the above-mentioned
fossa.   It  is flat, broad, and triangular;  is at-
tached, by its base, to the subscapulary fossa and
to the anterior lip of the edge of the spine of tbe
scapula, and is inserted into the lesser tuberosity
of the humerus.  It carries the arm  in rotation
inwards.   It  can also depress it, and bring  it
towards the body.
   Subscapular  Nerves  are  two in  number. 
SUBSEROUS
879
SUCCOTASH
 One arises  from the brachial plexus above  the
 clavicle;  the other from the  posterior aspect  of
 the  plexus  within  tbe  axilla.   Tbey  are dis-
 tributed to  the subseapularis muscle.
   SU USE'ROUS,  Siibserii'sus;  from sub, and
 serous.   Under a serous membrane,—as the 'sub-
 serous areolar tissue'
   SUIiSIDENTIA, Sediment.
   SUIISTANCE EMAILLEE  DES DENTS,
 Enamel of  tbe teeth — s. Horny, see Tooth.
   SUBSTANCE, HYALINE, Cytoblastema — s.
 Intercellular, Cytoblastema — s. Vitrie des Dents,
 Enamel of  the teeth.
   Substance, White, of  Schwann.  A hollow
 cylinder within the tubular nervous fibre, which
 differs in  composition  and refracting power from
 the matter  that occupies the centre of the tube.
   SUBSTANTIA ADAMANTINA DENTIUM,
 Enamel.
   Siustan'tia  Ferrugin'ea,  Locus  cine'retts.
 An ash coloured substance, produced by the ex-
 istence of well marked pigmentary matter in the
 floor of the fourth ventricle or  rhomboid fossa.
   Substantia Filamentosa Dentium, Enamel—
 s. Grisea Centralis, see Medulla spinalis—s. Hy-
 alina, Cytoblastema — s.  Nigra  pedunculi,  see
 Peduncles  of the brain — s.  Ossea dentium, see
 Tooth—s.  Ostoidea, see Tooth — s. Perforata an-
 terior, Locus perforatus anticus.
   Substantia  Perfora'ta Me'dia. When the
 pia mater has been removed  from the space be-
 tween the  crura, cerebri, termed  the intercnl nil
 or interpedunc'ular, the surface appears cribri-
 form  from  the  perforations   of the numerous
 minute vessels  which  penetrate it.  This is the
 substantia perfora'ta me'dia of Vicq d'Azyr.
   Substantia Perforata Posterior, see Tarini
 pons—s. Pulposa Dentis, Dental pulp—s. Radiata,
 Stellula? Verheyenii—s. Rhomboidea, Corpus den-
 tatum—s. Spongiosa Urethrae, Corpus spongiosum
 urethrae —  s. Stellata  serpentina, Stellula?  Ver-
 heyenii — s. Vitrea dentium, Enamel ofthe teeth
 — s. Vitrea, Cytoblastema — s. Vitrea dentium,
 Enamel.
   SUB'STANTIVE,  Substantlvus;  frora  sttb-
 slfire, (sub, and stare,) ' to stand under or  subsist.'
 An epithet applied by Dr. Paris  to aliments which
 are nutritious,  in contradistinction to  adjective
 aliments, which are themselves not possessed of
 nutritive virtues, but  impart  to the digestive or-
 gans greater energy,  so as to enable them to ex-
 tract  more nutriment from the substantive  ali-
 ments.   Meat, for  example,  is  a  substantive
 aliment:  the condiment, as mustard, eaten  with
 it, an adjective aliment.
   SUBSTILLUM, Stillicidium.
   SUBSULTIO, Palpitation.
   SUBSUL'TUS TEN'DINUM,  Saltns  ten'di-
 nnm,  O/onns  subsultus,  Siibsn/tiis,  Carjt/rolog'la
 spasmodica, Myopallmis, Twitching of the Ten-
 dons, (¥.)  Soubresaiit, from  subsi/io, subsnltum,
 (sub and sal io,) ' to make short leaps.'  Twitch-
 ing, communicated  to  the tendons by the  invo-
 luntary  and  instantaneous  contraction  of  the
 muscular fibres.  It is more  observable at  the
 wrist than elsewhere; and is an evidence of great
 cerebral irritability, and debility, when it occurs
 at an advanced period of fever.
   The muscular agitations or twitchings observed
 in febrile diseases,  especially of children,  have
'been termed Convnlsiliilltaa, Sclerotyr'be febrilis,
 and Irritabilitas morbo'sa.
   S UBS IT RD ITAS. Deafness.
   SUBU'PERES.  from  sub,  and  ubera,  'the
 breasts.'  Infinites  sugen'tes,  Sucking children.
 Infants at  the  breast,  in contradistinction   to
 Exilberes, aroyaXaKrot, or those  which have been
 Weaned.
I   SUBUN'GUIAL,  Subungual,  Subun'guical,
! (F.) Sous-ungiale, from sub, find unguis, -a nail.'
 Belonging  to parts under  tbe  nail; — as subun-
 guial  exostosis,  (¥.) Exostose sous-ungiale, an ex-
 ostosis under the nail of tbe great toe especially.
   SUBVERSIO  STOMACHI,  Vomiturition.
   SUBVERTEBRA,  Sacrum.
   SUBVERTEBRUM, Sacrum.
   SUBVOLA, Hypothennr.
   SUC, Suceus — «. de Citron,  see Citrus rnedica
 —8. Gastriqne,  Gastric juice—s. tie Kino, Kino—
 8. Midullaire, Marrow — s. du  Limon, see Citrus
 medica—s. Noun-icier, Liquor sanguinis—s. Pan-
 criatique, see Pancreas.
   SUCCA'GO,  from suceus, 'juice.'   The inspis-
 sated  juice of plants;  robs, jellies, &c.
   SUCCEDAXE, Succedaneum.
   SUCCEDA'NEUM,  Snccida'ncum,  Substitu'-
 tum,  Antiballom'enum,  Snrroga'tiim,  Antembal-
 lom'enum,  Quid  pro  quo,  from succedere,  (sub,
 and cedere,) 'to  go  under, to  come  in  place of
 another.'   (F.) Suecidani.   An epithet for medi-
 cines  that may be substituted  for others possess-
 ing similar properties.  Also, used, in dentistry,
 for an amalgam for filling teeth.
   SUCCENTURIA'TUS,  from   suceeutudare,
 (sub,  and  centuria,) 'to  supply a soldier to  fill a
 vacancy;' and hence,  'to substitute or put in the
 room  of.'  That which  is a  substitute for another;
 as Renes  succenturiati,  Ventriculus succenturia-
 tus, &e.
   SUCCHAR, Saccharum.
   SUCCIDANEUM, Succedaneum.
   SUCCIX, Succinum.
   SUCCINCTURA, Diaphragm.
   SUCCINCTUS, Diaphragm.
   SUCCINI RESINA, Musk,  artificial.
   SUCCINTC ACID,  Ac'ldum Suc'cini, A. Sue-
 cirlicum,  Acor Sitccirleus, Sal Succini, Sal vo-
 lat'ile Succini, has been considered antispasmodic
 and diaphoretic, in the dose of from five to twenty
 grains.
   SUCCINUM, Elec'trnm, Ambra, Ambram, Am-
 par, Berenice, Amber, Yellow Amber, (¥.) Suecin,
 Arnbre jaune, from suceus,  'juice,' because at one
 time supposed to exude from a tree.   This  kind
 of fossil resin, which is found on the shores of the
 Baltic, is composed of a resinous matter, of essen-
 tial oil, and an acid sui generis. It is inodorous,
 except when heated or rubbed: insipid;  in frag-
 ments of  a pale  golden-yellow colour,  transpa-
 rent,  and has a shining lustre.  S. g. 1-08; inso-
 luble  in water, and slightly acted on  by alcohol.
 It is  used  for affording its essential  oil — the
 Oleum seu  Bal'samum  Suc'cini,  (F.)  Huile de
 Sto-cin.  This oil possesses stimulant,  antispas-
 modic, diuretic, and rubefacient properties.
   The Oleum Suc'cini rectified turn, Rectified OH
 of Amber, is made as follows :—Oil of Amber, Oj ;
 water, Ovj.  Mix  in a  glass retort, and distil until
 Oiv of the water have passed with the oil into the
 receiver;  separate  the oil from the  water, aud
 keep it in  well-stopped bottles.—(Ph. U. S.)
   The White amber,  Leucelec'trum, (¥.) Ambre
 blanc, is a variety.
   Succinum Cinereum, Ambergris — s. Griseum,
 Ambergris.
   SUCCION, Sucking.
   SUCCISA, Scabiosa succisa — s.  Pratensis, S.
 succisa.
   SUOOOOOLLATA,  Chocolate.
   SUCOOLATA,  Chocolate.
   SUCCORY, WILD,  Cichorium  intybus,  Chi-
 ronia  annularis.
   SUCCOTASH, Suck'atash.   A term of Indian
 derivation.   A  favorite dish in New England,
 formed of green  Indian corn and  beans boiled'
 together. 
SUCCUBUS                880              SUDORIPIC
  SUC'CUBUS,  from sub, and cubare, 'to lie.'
Some authors have used this word synonymously
with  nightmare.  Others  mean  by  it a female
phantom, with which a man in his sleep may be-
lieve he has  intercourse; — as Incubus has been
applied to the male phantom, with which a female
may dream she is similarly situate.
  SUCCUS,  Chylus, Opos,  Opis'ma,  Chylis'ma,
Eeehylo'mti,  Ajtothlirn'ma, Juice, (¥.) Sue, from
sugere, suctum, ' to suck.'   The fluid obtained by
pressing plants,  flesh, <fec; Suceus  expres'sus,
Ojtoli (officinal),  Opolide  (magistral),  according
to Chereau.   It is, also, applied to certain animal
fluids, as jS.  Gastricus, Ac.
  Succus Acacia Germanics Inspissatus, see
Prunus spinosa—s. Acacia? nostratis, see Prunus
spinosa — s. Arborum, Sap — s. Cicuta? spissatus,
Extractum conii — s. Cyrenaicus, Laserpitium.
  Succus Enter'icus, S. Intestina'lis, Liquor in-
testina'lis seu enter'icus,  Intes'tinal Juice.   The
fluid  copiously secreted from the lining  mem-
brane of the small intestines.
  Succus Expressus, Apothlimma — s. Gastri-
cus, Gastric  juice — s. Glycyrrhiza?.  Extractum
glycyrrhiza? — s.  Hypocistidis, see  Cytinus — s.
Intestinalis,  Succus entericus—s. Japonicus, Ca-
techu— s. Limonis,  see Citrus medica — s. Liqui-
ritiae,  Extractum glycyrrhiza?—s. Nerveus, Ner-
vous fluid — s. Nutritius, Chyle — s. Orni concre-
tus, see Fraxinus ornus — s. Pancreaticus,  see
Pancreas — s. Spissatus Aconiti Napelli, Extrac-
tum aconiti — s.  Spissatus  atropae  belladonnas,
Extractum belladonna? — s. Spissatus  conii ma-
culati, Extractum cicutae — s. Spissatus hyoscy-
ami nigri, Extractum hyoscyami — s. Spissatus
lactuca? sativae, Extractum lactucae.
  SUCCUS'SION, Succus'sio, Hippocrat'ic Suc-
cus'sion, from succutio, succussum, (sub, and qua-
tio.) 'I shake from  beneath.'  A mode  of  ascer-
taining the  existence of a fluid in  the thorax,
(fluctuation  by  succussion,)  by giving the  body
one or more  slight shakes.
  Succussion, Ballottement.
  SUCIIOR, Saccharum.
  SUCKATASH, Succotash.
  SUCKING, Suc'tio, Sucttts, Athelx'is, Bdalsis,
Myze'sis, (¥.) Succion, from sugere, suctum, 'to
suck.' The act of drawing liquid into the mouth,
by  forming a vacuum with  the tongue acting as
a piston, during inspiration.
  Sucking  Bottle.   A bottle so formed, that,
when  filled with milk, it can be sucked from in-
stead of the  breast.
  Sucking Child, Lactens.   A suckling.
   SUCKLE, Lactare,  yaXaKTorpotps.lv, TtSrjtpveiv,
(¥.)  A/laiter  ou Alaiter.    Same etymon.  To
give suck.  To nurse.
  SUCKLING,  Lactation,  Lonicera  periclyme-
num, Sucking child.
   SUCRE,  Saccharum — s.  Candi,  Saccharum
candidum—s. du Foie, see  Saccharum — s. de
Lait, Sugar  of milk — s. de Saturne, Plumbi su-
peracetas—  s. Tors, Penidium.
  SUCTIO,  Exsuctio, Sucking.
  SUCTION POWER.   The force exerted on
the blood in the veins,  by the active dilatation
of  the heart.  See Derivation.
  SUCTO'RIA,  from augere, auctum,  'to  suck.'
Animals provided with mouths for sucking.  Also,
organs  for sucking or adhesion, — hence termed
suctorial—as 'suctorial oseula.'
  SUCTORIAL, see Suctoria.
  SUCTUS,  Sucking.
  SUDAM'INA,  Hydro'ata, Hidro'ta, Pajt'ula
sudorales, Suffersu'ra, A/ha'sef,  Planta  noctis,
Boa,  from sudor,  '3weat,'   Small vesicles,  which I
appear  upon  the  skin, especially in the summer
time,  in  hot  countries, and in diseases  attended |
with much  sweating.   It is a miliary  eruption.
See Miliary fever.
  Sudamina, Dcsudatio, Eehauboulures, Lichen
tropicus.
  SUDARIUM. Achicolum.
  SUDATIO, Ephidrosis.
  SUDATIUNCULA, Ephidrosis.
  SUDATORIA, Hidrosis —s. Maligna, see  Su-
dor Anglieus.
  SUDATORIUM. Achicolum.
  SUDATORY, Achicolum.
  SUDOR,  'iopots,  Hidros,  (¥.)  Sueur,  'sweat.'
The product of  cutaneous  transpiration,  when
visible on the surface of the body.  It is colour-
less; of an  odour more or less  strong and vari-
able;  and of a saline taste.  It is composed, ac-
cording to Berzelius, of water, lactic acid, lactate
of soda united with a little  animal matter, chlo-
ride of sodium, and a  little chloride of potassium,
an atom of earthy phosphate, and some  oxyd of
iron.
  Sudor, Miliary fever.
  Sudor  An'glicus,  Hidron'osos,  Hidrop'yra,
Hidrojtyr'etos, Febris seu  Milia'ris sudato'ria,
Sudor  milia'ris,  Morbus sudatorius, Ejrhein'era
malig'na seu sudatoria  seu  Ilritau'nica seu An'-
glica  pes'tilens,  Pestis Britannica, Sudato'ria
malig'na,  Sweating Sickness, Sweating Fever, (¥.)
Sitette, S.  Miliare, S. ipidimique, Sueur  Anglaise.
A very severe epidemic disease, characterized by
profuse sweating, which appeared in England in
1486 ; and recurred, at different times, until about
the middle of the 16th century.  It was accom-
panied  with coldness,  excessive  prostration  of
strength,  palpitation,  frequency and inequality
of the  pulse, <fec, and  terminated favourably or
unfavourably  in  the  course of  24  hours.  Tho
French  have given the name Suette de Picar-
DIE, Suette des Picards, Fiivre  snarite;  Miliaria
sudatoria, Sudor  Picard'icus, to an epidemic  dis-
ease, which has  appeared several  times in that
province; the principal symptoms of which were
profuse sweats and a  miliary eruption.   The  dis-
ease recurred in 1821, and has been  described, at
length, by M. Rayer, who considers it to consist
of a simultaneous state of inflammation of various
tissues;  and proposes  to class  it with variola,
scarlatina, and measles.
  A form of it, in which the perspiration was of
a black colour, was called Sudor An'glicus niger,
Mclanejthidro'sis, Black English Sweating sick-
ness or fever.
  Sudor Colliquativus, S. Profusus.
  Sudor Cruen'tus.  S. sanguin'eus, Hamatidro'-
sis, Hamathidro'sis, E/ihidro'sis  ciueilta, Haiuor-
rhttg'la per Cutem, (¥.)  Himatidrose,  Sueur de
Sang;  Sweating of blood,  Bloody sweat,  Hem'-
orrhage from the skin.  Cutaneous perspiration
intermixed  with  blood: — a very uncommon  af-
fection.
  Sudor Dulcis, Succharorrhce'a cuta'nea, Ejrhi-
dro'sis  sacchara'ta.  A discharge  of saccharine
matter by perspiration.
  Sudor Localis, Meridrosis — s. Miliaris, Mili-
ary fever, Sudor  Anglieus — s. Partialis,  Meri-
drosis.
  Sudor  Profu'sus, S. Colliquativus. A pro-
fuse or immoderate sweat.
  Sudor  Sanguineus,  Sudor cruentus — s. Uni-
versalis, Panhidrosis.
  SUDORIFER, Sudoriferous, Sudorific.
  SUDORIF'EROUS,  Sudor'ifer. Hydropllorus,
from audor, and fero, 'I carry.'   That which  car-
ries sweat, as the sudoriferous ducts or glands.
  SUDORIFTC,  Sudorif'icum,  Sudor'ifier.  Hi-
drolicum,  Hidrote'rium, Hidrotopteltm, Hitlrt,-
poetlcum, (¥.) Sndorifique, from sudor, and focio,
'I make.'  A medicine  which provokes  sweating.
See Diaphoretic. 
SUDORIPAROUS            881                 SULCUS
  Four Sudorific Woods, Qualuor ligna  sudo-
rifica, were, formerly, guaiucum, jjerfumed cherry,
sarsaparilla, and sassafras.
  SUDORIPAROUS."see Perspiration.
  SUDORIS  NULLITAS,  Anidrosis — s.  Pri-
vatio, Anidrosis — s. Suppressio, Ischidrosis.
  SUET, Sevum.
  SUETTE,  Sudor Anglieus — s. Epidimique,
Sudor  Anglieus — s. Miliaire, Sudor Anglieus —
s. de Picai-die, Sudor picardicus—e. dea Picarda,
Sudor picardicus.
  SUEUR, Sudor — a. Anglaiae, Sudor  Anglieus
— s. d'it,pression,  Expression, sweat of—s. de
Sung, Diapedesis, Sudor cruentus — e. Urineuse,
Uridrosis.
  SUFFERSUR/E,  Sudamina.
  SUFEIMEN,  Suffnnentum.
  SUFFIMENTUM, Hypocapnis'ma, Snjfi'men,
 Thymia'ma, Suffilus, Stiffumiga'tio, Sujf'umiga'-
(i'oii, (F.) Parfum;  from suffio, 'I perfume.'  A
perfume:  suffumige; fumigation.
   SUFFITIO, Fumigation.
   SUI-T'TTUS, Fumigation, Suffimentum.
   SUFFLATIO, Puffiness.
   SUFFOCATIO,  Suffocation,  Orthopnoea — s.
 Hypochondriaca, Hypochondriasis—s. Hysterica,
 Angone — s. Stridula, Cynanche trachealis — s.
 Uterina, Angone.
   SUFFOCA'TION,  Suffoca'tto,   Prafoca'tio,
 A/iopnixl's, Asjrhyx'ia, 3Iel(ina'ma, from sub, and
 falx, jd. fiances,  ' the jaws.'  Death, or suspended
 animation  from impeded respiration, whether
 caused by the inhalation of noxious gases, drown-
 ing, hanging, strangling, or smothering. The prin-
 cipal morbid  appearances in  such cases are: —
 the  lungs of a deep-blue colour, with the  blood
 extravasated in  the air-cells ;  right  auricle and
 ventricle  filled  with dark blood, as  well as the
 neighbouring  veins; lividity  of the countenance,
 turgescence, and, perhaps, rupture of the vessels
 of the brain.
   Treatment of suspended animation by suffocation
 in general.  The patient  must be conveyed into
 a room not too warm.   Blood-letting  must  be
 used, if at all, with caution;—friction must be
 employed with salt, or warm flannels ; stimulating
 fluids, in a dilute state, be poured into the sto-
 mach  by means of  a tube, and attempts be made
 to inflate the lungs.   Laryngotomy, if necessary.
   Suffocation, Pnigopho'bia, (¥.)  Etauffement,
 is used, as strangling is,  for threatened suffoca-
 tion.  It means  the state of dyspnoea and oppres-
 sion experienced when a sufficient quantity of air
 does not enter  the  lungs, or when the  chemical
 phenomena of respiration are imperfectly exe-
 cuted; as in cases of asthma.
   SUFFOCATION UTERINE, Angone, Hys-
 teria.
   SUFFRAGO, Poples.
   SUFFU.MIGATION, Suffimentum.
   SUE PUMICE. Suffimentum.
   SUFFUMIGIUM. Fumigation.
   SUFFUMINATIO. Fumigation.
   SUFFUSIO,  Pseudoblepsia — s.  Auriginosa,
Icterus—s. Bilis, Icterus—s.  Colorans, Chromop-
sia—s. Dimidians. Hemiopia—s. Exclarans, Oxy-
opia— s. Fellis, Icterus — s. Lentis crystallina?,
Cataract—s. Metamorphopsis, Metamorphopsia —
S. Multiplicans,  see  Diplopia — s. Myotics,  Meta-
morphopsia—s.  Nigra, Amaurosis—s. Oculi, Ca-
taract, Pseudoblepsia — s. Oculorum, Metamor-
phopsia— s.  Radians, Scotasma — s. Sanguinis,
Eccbymuna.
  SUGAR, Saccharum — s.  Barley, Penidium,
Saccharum hordeatum.
  Sugar Candy, Saccharum  candidum—s. Cane,
Bee Saccharum.
  Sluu:, Diabetic, Glucose  —s. Fruit, Glucose
         56
—s. Grape, Glucose—s. Hepatic, see Saccharum
—s. Honey, Glucose.
  Sugar of Lead, Plumbi superacetas.
  Sugar, Liver, see Saccharum.
  Sugar, Magnet'ic,  Sac'charum Magnet'icttm.
A quack preparation, said to be composed of sugar
and cannabis.   It is given in nervous cases.
  Sugar  of  Milk, Sac'charum lactis, Galac'to-
sae'eharum, Lactose, Lactitic, (¥.)  Sucre  de Lait,
Sel de Lait, is obtained from whey  by evapora-
tion and  crystallization.  It possesses the demul-
cent properties of the sugars.
  Sugar, Muscle, Inosite.
  Sugar Pine, see Arrowroot—s. Starch, Glucose.
  Sugar, Urinary, Glucose.
  Sugars, Various, see Saccharum.
  SUGARBERRY, Celtis occidentalis.
  SUGGILLA'TION, Sugilla'tio, Livor, OHde'ma
cruentum, Sugillation, Bruise; from  sugillare,
sugillatum, ' to beat black and blue.'  By most au-
thors  used synonymously  with ecchymosis and
ecchymoma.   It is, also, applied to the  spots, or
ecchymoses which occurin consequence of intrinsic
causes,—in disease and in incipient putrefaction.
Itis common in dead bodies;  Livor  seu mac'ula
emortua'lis.  To this last case it is, indeed, re-
stricted  by some medico-legal writers; and an
interesting question sometimes arises :—Whether
the appearance have been  induced  before death
or afterwards?  Whether it be a case of ecchy-
mosis or of  suggillalion?   In the  former, tbe
extravasated  biood  will usually  be  coagulated;
not so in the latter.   It is  often, however,  diffi-
cult to form a correct judgment without reference
to the history ofthe case.
   SUGGRUN'DIUM,   perhaps from  suggredi,
(sub, and gradior,) 'to go  or come up to.'  The
eave of a house.
   Suggrundium  Oculi,  Superciliary  arch — s.
Supereiliorum, Frontal protuberance.
   SUICIDA,  Autocbir.
   SUICIDAL INSANITY,  Suicide.
   SU'ICIDE, Snici'dium : from suicades, 'mur-
der of one's self.'  The act of  killing one's self.
Autochi'ria, Autocton'ia, Idiocton'ia, Autojthon'ia.
Suicide is very frequently the result of disease
ofthe mind : tbe individual seeming, at  times, to
be irresistibly impelled to self-destruction. — Me-
lancho'lia Suicid'ittm  seu  antoehlria. Suicidal
Insanity.  Also, one who commits self-murder.
   SUIE, Fuligo.
   SUIF, Sevum.
   SUITES DE COUCHES, Lochia.
   SULCATUS, Canneli, Grooved.
   SULCI, plural of Sulcus.
   Sulci  Ciliares, Halo sitrnntus.
   SULCULUS LABII  SUPERIORIS, Lacuna
Labii superioris.
   SULCUS,  Semicanu'Us,  Semicanali'clilus.  A
furrow.  A groove.  (F.) Sillon. Anatomists havo
given this name to grooves  on  the surface of
bones and other organs.  See Anfractuosity.
   French writers on anatomy often use  tbe term
Sillons for the grooves which lodge  the arteries
and creep on the surface of bones:  whilst those
that receive veins are called gouttieres, 'gutters.'
Also, the vulva.
   Sulcus Antero-posterior Jecoris. see Liver
—s. Labii superioris, Lacuna Labii superioris.
   Sulcus, Lat'eral, ante'rior,  of the Spinal
Marrow. A mere trace on the marrow, marked
only by  the attachment of tbe filaments  of the
anterior roots  of  the spinal nerves.
   Sulcus, Lateral, posterior, of  the Spinal
Marrow, corresponds with the attachment ofthe
posterior roots of the spinal nerves.
   Sulcus  Retro-Glandui.aris,  see Glans — s.
Sinus lateralis, Fossa  sigmoidea — s. Transver-
salis,  see  Liver — s. Umbilicalis, see  Liver. 
S UL FA TE D'A MM 0 NIA QUE  88
  SULFATE  D'AMMO NIA QUE,  Ammoniae
sulphas.
  SULFIDUM  CARBONII,  Carbonis sulphure-
tum.
  SULFUR, Sulphur.
  SULFURE DE CARBON, Carbonis sulphu-
retum.
  SULPHAS ALUMINARIS, Alumen—s. Ain-
moniacce  Cupratus, Cuprum  ammoniatum — s.
Cadmicus, Cadmii  Sulphas — s.  Kalico-alumini-
cum,  Alumen—s. Natricus, Soda, sulphate of—s.
Zincicura, Zinci sulphas.
  SULPHUR, Sulfur,  Scorith,  Thei'on, Thion,
Avcrich, Terra folia'ta, Fitmus cilrinus, Aq'uila,
Brimstone, (¥.) Soufre.  Native Sulphur is called
Rock and Black  Sulphur, Suljihur vivum seu  ni-
grum.   Sulphur,  as we  meet with it, is  in  rolls,
Sulphur in rot'ulis seu rotun'dum, Roll Brimstone.
It is  a volcanic  production, and is obtained, in
large quantities, from  Solf'atara, in Italy.  Roll
Sulphur is impure sulphur, melted, and run into
moulds.   It  is  unpleasantly inodorous, when
heated  or rubbed; insipid:  solid, and brittle.
S. g. 1-99.  Fusible at  226°;  volatilizable  by
heat, and condensing unchanged.
  Sulphur Antimoniatum, Antimonii sulphure-
tum praecipitatuni — s. Caballinum, see Sulphur
sublimatum — s.  Carburet of,  Carbonis sulphure-
tum— fe. Chloratum, Sulphur, chloride of.
  Sulphur, Chloride  of, Sulphuris Chlo'ridum
seu Dichlo'ridum, Sulphur chlora'tum, Hyjtochlo-
re'turn sulphuro' aurn, Chlorum hypersuljjhura'tum,
Dichlo'n'de or Protochlo'ride  or Hyjtochlo'ride
or Sttbchlo'ride of Sulphur; Bisuljtlluret of Chlo-
rine,  is  obtained by  passing dry  chlorine gas
over washed and dried flowers  of  sulphur, until
they are for the  most part  dissolved,  and distil-
ling the decanted fluid from the excess of dissolved
sulphur.  One drachm  of the liquid to an ounce
of lard has been used in lepra, psoriasis, and other
chronic cutaneous diseases.  Ten drops, dissolved
in ether, have been given in adynamic fever.
  Sulphur, Dichloride  of, Sulphur,  chloride
of—s. Hypochloride of, Sulphur,  chloride of—s.
Iodatum,  Sulphuris iodidum — s. Todide of, Sul-
phuris iodidum—s.  Ioduret of, Sulphuris iodidum
— s. Liver of, Potassa?  sulphuretum.
  Sulphur Lotum, Suljihur  eublima'tum  lotum,
 Washed Sulphur, Magiste'rium Suljtlluris, Sul-
phuris Flores loti, is prepared  by pouring boil-
ing water on sublimed sulphur, so as  to wash
away any acid it  may contain, and then drying it.
  Sulphur Nigrum, Sulphur vivum, see Sulphur
sublimatum.
  Sulphur Pr^ecipita'tum, Lac Sulph'uris, Milk
of Siiljthiir, Precijt'itated Sulphur, (¥.) Crime de
Soufre, is prepared by  boiling sublimed sulphur
and lime  together, and adding  muriatic  acid  to
precipitate the sulphur.
  Sulphur, Protochloride  of, Sulphur chlo-
ride of—s. Subchloride  of, Sulphur, chloride of.
  Sulphur  Sublima'tum,  Sulphur; (Ph. U.  S.)
Sublimed  Sulphur,  Flowers  ofi Sulphur (¥.)
Soufre sublime, Flettrs de Soufre, is the sulphur
of commerce, sublimed in close vessels.
   Sulphur is possessed of  stimulant, laxative,
and diaphoretic properties.  As  a  laxative, it is
used in hemorrhoidal  and other affections. In the
itch, applied externally and taken  internally, it
has been  considered  as a specific [?], and it is a
valuable remedy in most cutaneous affections that
are local.   Dose, gss to ^'j-
   The faeces or  dregs, left in the purification  or
sublimation  of sulphur, are called  Horse Brim-
stone, Dregs of  Sulphur vivum, Sulphur cabttlll-
niim seu vivum, Sulphuris vivi recremen'ta. They
are very impure, and are only used  externally.
   Sulphur, Vegetable, Lycopodium—s. Wort,
Peucedanum.
SULPHUROUS
  SULPTIURATUS. Sulphureous, Sulphurated.
  SULPHU'REOUS, Sulphuro'sus,  Suljrhu'ri,,*,
Su/jihura'tus, Snlpiluretted.  Possessing tbe pro-
perties of, or relating to, or containing sulphur.
  SULPHURETTED, Sulphureous — s. Hydro-
gen, see Hydrogen, sulphuretted.
  SULPHURETUM AMMON IACE, Ammoniu;
sulphuretum—s. Ammoniae hydrogenatuin,Liquor
fumans Boylii—s. Kalicum, Potassii- sulphuretum
— s. Lixivia?, Potassa? sulphuretum.
  SULPH'URIC ACID, Ac"idum Sulphu'ricum
seu Sulfitricum, Oleum Vitrioli, Spir'itus  Vitri-
oli  seu vitrioli fortis,  Acidum  vitriolicum,  A.
Vitrioli dejthlogistica'turn,  Oil of Vitriol, Sjiirit
of  Vitriol,  Vitriolic Acid, Acor Sul/rhuris, (P.)
Acide Suljrhurique ou Sulfurique. Sulphuric acid
is inodorous ;  has a strong acid  taste, and is cor-
rosive.  S. g.  1-845 (Ph. U. S.)   It is escharotic,
stimulant, and rubefacient.  Mixed with lard, it is
sometimes used in local  pains, and  certain cuta-
neous affections.
  Sulphuric Acid, Aromat'ic, Ac'ldum Sulphu'-
ricum Aromaticum,  A. vitriolicum aromatl, inn,
sen vitriolicum alcohole aromaticum, Elixir vitri-
oli sen vitrioli aromaticum seu vitrioli Mynsicll-
ti seu  vitrioli Edinburgerlsium  seu vitrioli cum
tinctu'rd aromatica seu vitrioli dulce seu acido-
aromat'icum, Alcohol cum  aromatibus  suljthuri-
ca'tus, Tinctu'ra acidi sulphurici,  is formed  of
sulphuric acid, f 5iijss; ginger, bruised, t^j j cin-
namon, bruised, ^iss; Alcohol,  Oij. — Ph. U.  S.
Dose, gtt. x to xxx.  Its properties are like those
of the next preparation, than which it is more
frequently employed, being more agreeable.
  Sulphuric Acid, Dilu'ted, Ac'ldum Suljrlnl-
ricum DUit'turn, A. vitriolicum   dilutum,  Elixir
vitrioli, Sjrir'itus vitrioli etc"idus Voglu'ri, Elix-
ir  ofi Vitriol,  (¥.)  Acide sulfurique  dilaye,  is
formed, according to the Pharmacopoeia of tho
United States, by adding aq. destillat. f'^xiij, to
acid, euljth.  f ^j.  It is tonic, astringent, and re-
frigerant.    Dose,  gtt.  x to xx,  largely diluted.
When used  as  a gargle, half a  drachm may  be
added to ^vj of water.
  Very dilute sulphuric acid was formerly termed
Phlcgma vitrioli.
  SULPHURIS CARBURETUM, Carbonis sul-
phuretum.
  Sulphuris  Chloridum, Sulphur, chloride  of
— s. Dichloridum, Sulphur, chloride of.
  Sulph'uris Io'didum, & Iodure'turn, Sulphur
loda'tum, Ioduret or I'odide ofi Sulphur, (¥.) Sou-
fire loduri, Iodure de Soufre.  It is thus directed
to be prepared in the Pharmacopoeia of the U. S.
(Iodin. J|iv; siiljthiir. £j.)   Rub  the  iodine and
sulphur together in a glass, porcelain, or marble
mortar, until  they are thoroughly mixed.  Put
the  mixture into a  matrass, close  the orifice
loosely, and apply a gentle heat, so as to darken
the mass without melting  it.  When the colour
has become uniformly  dark throughout, increase
the heat  so as to  melt the iodide;  then  incline
the matrass in different directions, in order to re-
turn into the mass  any portions  of iodine which
may have condensed on the inner surface of tho
vessel : lastly, allow the matrass to  cool,  break
it, and put the iodide  into bottles, which arc to
be well stopped.
  SULPIIURIUS, Sulphureous.
  SULPHUBOSUS, Sulphureous.
  SULPHUROUS, Sulphureous.
  Sul'phurous Acid,  Acidum sulphuros'icum
seu snljrh'uris volatile seu  Sulphuro'aum seu Sul-
fiurosnm,  Spir'itus  snljthuris seu  sidjrhuro'sua
volat'ilis seu sulphuris jter camjta'nam seu vilrio'-
li phlogistica''tits, Gas  sulphuris, (¥.) Acide Sul-
fiureux,  Air  Acide  Vitrioliqne.  Obtained  by
treating  mercury  with  concentrated  sulphuric
acid, or  by burning sulphur.   It  is sometimes 
SULTZMALT
883
SUPINATOR
u=ed in the gaseous, — at others, in  the liquid, '
state.  Sulphurous  acid gas  is used to  disinfect j
clothes, confined air, letters coming from infected
places, &c.  It is also exhibited, with great suc-
cess, in the form of fumigation,  in the treatment
of certain chronic  cutaneous affections, and of
sciatic and rheumatic  pains  in  general.   If re-
spired pure, it acts in the  manner of violent irri-
tants : and is not long in producing death.
   SULTZMALT,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.
Sultzraalt is a village  in  the  department of tbe
Upper Rhine; where are several sources of cold,
acidulous waters, which seem to  contain carbonic
acid, subcarbonate of soda, subcarbonate of lime,
sulphate of lime, and a little bitumen.  They are
refrigerant, aperient, and  alterative.
   SUMAC DES CORROYEURS, Rhus coria-
ria— s.  Viniueux, Rhus toxicodendron.
   SUMACH, Rhus coriaria — s. Mountain, Rhus
cnpallina — s.  Poison,  Rhus venenata — s. Stag's
Horn, Rhus typhina.
   SUMBUL.  The name  of a root, Sum'buli ra-
dix, Jutamansi, Musk-root, presumed to belong
to the Umbelliferae family, much employed in
Russia and Germany against cholera.   Its exact
botanical history is not determined.   It contains
a strongly odorous  principle like that of musk;
and is regarded  as an antispasmodic.
   SUMBULI  RADIX, Sumbul  root.
   SUMEN, Hypogastrium.
   SUMMER  COMPLAINT.   A popular  name
in the United States,  for diarrhoea occurring in
 summer.  It is  often,  also, made to include dy-
 sentery  and cholera  infantum.  With some it
means cholera infantum only.
   Summer Diseases, see Estival—s. Plant winter
worm. Sphaeria Sinensis—s. Rash, Lichen tropicus.
   SUMMITAS  CUTIS, Epidermis.
   SIIMMUS HUMERUS, Acromion.
   SUN BURN, Ephelides —s. Dew, Drosera ro-
tundifolia—s.  Flower, false, Helenium autumnale
— s.  Flower,  swamp,  Helenium  autumnale — s.
 Flower,  tickweed,  Coreopsis trichosperma — s.
 Flower,  turpentine, Silphium  perfoliatum — s.
 Pain,  see  Hemicrania — s.  Rash,  Lichen — s.
 Stroke, Coup  de Soleil — s.  Stroke, Egyptian,
 Coup de Soleil.
   SUPELLECTILE DIOGENIS, Palm.
   SUPELLEX  ANATOMICA, Museum anato-
niieum — s. Diogenis,  Palm.
   SUPER.  A common Latin prefix; in compo-
 sition, signifying 'above.'
   SUPERBUS^Rectus superior oculi.
   SUPERCHLORIDUM  FORMYLICUM.
 Chloroform.
   SUPERCILIARTS, Corrugator supercilii.
   SUPERCILTARY,  Sujtercilia'ris, from super,
and eilitim, ' the edge of the eyelid.'  That which
relates to the supercilia or eyebrows.  (F.) Sour-
cilier pu Surcilier.
   Supercil'iary Arches, Superciliary Ridges,
Arcus supercilia'res, Suggrun'dia oeulo'rum. (¥.)
Arcades  sourcilieres, are two  slightly projecting
npophyses, situate at the anterior surface of the
os frontis, above the superior margin of the or-
bits.  They are separated  by the nasal bosse, and
covered  by the superciliaris muscle, to which
they give attachment.
   Superciliary Ridges,  Superciliary arches.
   SUPERCIL'IUM. Ophrys, Oph'rya,  Vallum,
(V.) Sourcil.   Same etymon.   The eyebrows (Sc)
JrVi-.vw, (Prov.)  Eye-brcen, are two arched emi-
nences,— convex above, and more or less promi-
nent, according to the  individual, — which lie on
the superciliary arch of tho os frontis, above the
eyelids, and extend from the sides of the root of
the nose to the temple.  Their inner extremity or
head is more prominent than the outer or  tail.
The  eyebrows are covered  with short and stiff
 hairs, which are directed, obliquely, from within
 outwards, and are, commonly, of the colour of
 the hair.  The skin in which these hairs are im-
 planted,  rests on  the  orbicularis  palpebrarum,
 frontalis, and superciliaris muscles, which move
 the e3Tebrows in different directions.  The eye-
 brows serve as an ornament to the  countenance;
 and by covering the eye  defend it from the im-
 pression  of too strong  a  light.  They direct the
 perspiration also from the eye.
   Supercilium  Acetab'uli.  The  edge  of the
 cotyloid cavity ofthe os innominatum.
   SUPERCONCEPTTON. see Superfu-tation.
   SUPEREVACUATIO  Hvpercrisis.
   SUPERFECUNDATION, see Superfcetation,
   SUPERFIBRINATION, Hyperinosis.
   SUPERFICIA'LIS C0LLI,',S'»4ri,/fl'?it»8 Colli.
 A nerve formed by communicating branches from
 the second  and third cervical  nerves.  It is dis-
 tributed to  the superficial parts ofthe neck.
   SUPERFICIES  ORBITALIS, see Maxillary
 bone (superior) — s. Plantaris  Pedis, Sole.
   SUPERFCECUNDATIO, Superfcetation.
   SUPERF03TATIO,  Superfcetation.
   SUPERFCETA'TION,  Superfiata'tio, Epicye'-
 sis, Hypercye'sis, Hypercye'ma, Sujterimjrragna'-
 tio, Ejtii/'onc,  Superftecunda'tio, Siiperfecunda'-
 tion, Sitperimpregnalion, from sujjer and ficetare,
 'to breed.'   Conception of a foetus—epicye'ma—
 in a uterus  which already contains one.  The im-
 pregnation of a female already pregnant.  The
 possibility of this  has  been denied; but there is
 abundant evidence to show, that it is possible at
 a very early  period  of pregnancy.  Twin cases
 may be  of this kind of sujterconception.
   SUPERGEMINALIS, Epididymis.
   SUPERGENUALIS, Patella.
   SUPERUUMERALE, Epomis.
   SUPERIM PR.EGNATIO, Superfcetation.
   SUPERIOR AURIS, Attollens aurem—s. Ro-
 tundus clitoridis, Ischio-cavernosus.
   SUPERLABIA. Clitoris.
   SUPERLIGAMEN, Epidesmus.
   SUPERLTOULA, Epiglottis.
   SUPERNUMERARY  FINGER, Digitus su-
 pernumerarius.
   SUPERNUTRITIO LIENIS, Splenoncus—s.
 Splenis,  Splenoncus.
   SUPEROXALAS KALICUM, Potass, oxalate
 of.
   SUPERPURGATTO. Hypercatharsis.
   SUPERSCAPULARIS, Supraspinal—s. In-
 ferior, Infra-spinatus.
   SUPINATEUR COURT ou PETIT,  Supi-
I nator radii brevis — s. Grand ou long, Supinator
 radii longus.
   SUPINATION, Snpina'tto, from sujrinus, 'ly-
 ing on tbe back.'  The movement  in which the
 forearm and hand  are  carried outwards, so that
 the anterior surmce of the latter becomes superior.
   In Pathology, Supination, Su/iiioi'ti'o.Hyptias'-
 ma, Hyptias'mus, means  the  horizontal position
 on the back, with the head thrown  back, and the
 legs  and arms extended.   It is  often a sign of
| great weakness in disease.
   SUPINA'TOR.   Same  etymon.   That which
' produces supination. A name given to two mus-
 cles ofthe forearm.
   Supinator Brevis seu Minor, Supinator radii
 brevis — s. Longus  seu  major,  Supinator  radii
I longus.
i   Supinator Radii Brevis. S. brevis seu minor,
! (F.)  Epicondylo-radial (Ch.), S,,/,inateur court
 ou petit  supinateur.   A  muscle, seated  at tho
 outer and back part of the forearm.  It is flat-
 tened, triangular, and curved upon itself, in  such
i a manner that it embraces the superior extremity
 of the radius.   It  is attached, on tbe one hand,
 to the external tuberosity ofthe humerus, and to 
SUPPEDANEA             884                  SURA
a small portion of the posterior  surface  of  the
ulna, and is inserted into the upper  third of  the
outer  and  upper  surfaces  of  the  radius.   It
produces, by contracting, the motion of supination.
  Supinator  Radii  Longus, S. longus sive ma-
jor,  Bra'ckio-radialis, (¥.) Humiro-sus-radial
(Ch.), Long ou grand supinateur, is seated at  the
anterior and outer part of the forearm.   It arises
from the inferior part of the  outer edge of the os
humeri, and  from  the external  intermuscular
aponeurosis; and is inserted, by a long  tendon,
into the outer edge of the radius, near the base of
tbe styloid process.   It causes the  supination of
the forearm, which it can likewise bend on the arm.
  SUPPEDANEA, Hypopodia.
  SUPPLANTALIA, Hypopodia.
  SUPPLEMENTA EPIPLOICA, Appendicula?
pinguedinosa?.
  SUPPLEMENTARY AIR, see Respiration.
  SUPPORTER, ABDOMINAL,  Belt, Russian
■—s. Utero-Abdoininal,  see Belt, Russian.
  SUPPOSITION DE PART, Pregnancy, pre-
 tended.
  SUPPOSITOIRE, Suppositorium.
  SUPPOSITORIUM, Suppository — s. Uteri-
 num. Pessary.
  SUPPOS'iTORY,   Sujrjtosito'rium,  Hyjroth'-
 eton, Bacillus, Balanis'mus, Balanue, Gloria, 67.
 subdidit"ia,Xoilulus intestina'lis, from snjrponere,
 snjtjtfrsiturn, (sub and ponere, ' to put,) ' to put un-
 der,' (F.) Stipjiositorre.  A solid medicine, in the
 form of a cone or cylinder, intended to be intro-
 duced into  the rectum; — either for the  purpose
 of  favouring intestinal evacuations,  or to act as
 an  anodyne.   Purgative suppositories are made
 of soap, aloes, or any other irritating substance.
   SUPPRESSIO ALVI,  Constipation — s.  Lo-
 chiorutn, Ischolochia—s. Lotii, Ischuria—s. Men-
 siuin, Amenorrhcea—s. Menstruationis, Amenor-
 rhcea— s. Sudoris, Isehidrosis.
   SUPPRESSION DU FLUX MENSTRU-
 EL, Amenorrhcea—a. de Part, see Parturition—
 s. d'Urine, Ischuria.
   SUPPURANS, Suppurative.
   SUPPURARE, Suppurate.
   SUP'PURATE, Sitjrpura're,  (F.)  Suppurer,
 (Prov.) Beal yvulgarly).   To form or secrete pus.
   SUPPURA'TION,  Sitpjtura'tio,  Subpura'tio,
 Ecpye'ma,  Purulen'tia, Pyo'sis, Fye'sis, Diajrye'-
 ma,  Diapye'sis,  Pyogenia  siin/rle.r, Pu'rulence,
 Pu'ridency, Gatllering, (¥.) Aboutissement. For-
 mation or secretion of  pus, (see, also Pyogenia,)
 from sub, ' under,' and pus, jtttris.  It  is  a  fre-
 quent termination of inflammation, and  may oc-
 cur in almost  any of tbe tissues.   This termina-
 tion is announced by slight chills;  by remission
 of  the pain, which, from  being lancinating,  be-
 comes heavy; by a sense of weight in  the part,
 and. when  the collection of pus can be easily  felt,
 by fluctuation.  When pus is thus formed in  the
 areolar membrane, and is collected in one or more
 cavities, it constitutes an abscess.  If it be formed
 from a surface exposed to the air,  it is an ulcer:
 and such ulcers we are in the habit of establish-
 ing artificially in certain cases of disease.
    SUP'PURATIVE, Snjtpu'raris, Sujtpurati'vus,
 Diajrye'ticus,  Ecpyo'ticus,  Ecpyiscoii'tits,  (¥.)
 Suppuratif.   Same etymon.   That which facili-
 tates suppuration.  Suppuratives  are, generally,
 vesicants mixed with lard.
    SUPPURER, Suppurate.
    SUPRA.  A common Latin prefix; in compo-
 sition, signifying 'above.'
    SUPRA-COSTA'LES,  Levato'res  Costa'rum,
 (¥.) Sur-costaux, from sujtra, and costa, 'a  rib.'
 A  name given to twelve small, fleshy fasciculi,
 which are  flattened, triangular, and with radiat-
 ing  fibres.   They pass  from the transverse  pro-
 cesses ofthe dorsal vertebrae to the superior mar-
gin ofthe rib beneath. Spigelius, Cowper, Boycr,
Chaussier, and  others, consider  them  to form
part ofthe intercostales externi.
  SUPRA-HEPATIC  VEINS,  see   Hepatic
veins.
  SUPRA-OMPHALODYMIA, see  Somatody-
mia — s. et Infra-ompbalodymia,  see Somatody-
mia.
  SUPRA-OR'BITAR, Supra-orbitalis,  Snjtra-
orbita'rius,  (¥.) Sus-orbitaire, from  supra, and
orbita, ' the orbit.'   That which is situate above
the orbit.
  Supra-Or'bitar Fora'men, F. Supra-orbitil-
riu?/i seu orbitarium snjie'rius, (¥.) Trou sus-orbi-
taire ou orbitaire supirieur, is a foramen or notch
completed by a ligament at the inner  third of the
orbitar arch.  It gives passage to the  sujtra-orbi-
tar or sujrerciliary artery, a branch  of the oph-
thalmic,  which ascends the forehead,  and is dis-
tributed thereto.
  SUPRA-PU'BIAN, Supra-pubic,   Supra-pub-
ia'rius, from supra,  and pubes.  That which is
seated above the pubis.
  Supra-Pubian Nerve, (F.) Nerf sus-jtnbien, is
the  internal  ramus of  tbe  inguino-cutaneous
branch of the first lumbar nerve.  It is the genito-
crural branch of Bichat.  It descends  almost ver-
tically before  the  psoas  muscle ; and, near  the
crural arch, divides  into two  branches.   One of
these accompanies the spermatic cord, and is dis-
tributed  to the cremaster, scrotum,  and  integu-
ments on the inner part of the thigh.   The other
issues from the pelvis with the femoral filaments;
traverses the aponeurosis of tbe thigh, and is dis-
tributed  to the  integuments of  the  upper and
anterior  part of tbe limb.
  SUPRA-RE'NAL, Snjtra-rena'lis,  (¥.) Surri-
nal, from supra, and  ren, ' the kidney.'  Seated
above tbe kidney—as the supra-renal capsule.
  SUPRA-SCAP'ULAR: Supra-scapnlilrisfnrm
supra, and scapula. Seated above the scapula ;—as
  Supra-scapular  Nerve.  This  arises from
the fifth  cervical; passes through the supra-sca-
pular notch, and is distributed to tbe supra-spi-
natus and infra-spinatus muscles.
   SUPRA-SCAPULARIS, Supra-scapular, and
Supra-spinatus muscle.
   SUPRA- SEMIORBICULARIS, Orbicularis
oris.
   SUPRA-SPINA'TUS,  Supra-spino'sus,  (¥.)
Sur-ijiineitx, Sus-ijrineux, from snjtra, and sjtina.
That which is seated above the spine.
   &UPRA-SPINATA Fossa, (F.) Fosse sns-iprncuse,
is a triangular depression above the spine of the
scapula.
   SUPRA-SPINATUS MuSCLE,  Super-srapula'ds,
Sujira-scajriilnris,  (F.) Sits-spino-scajiit/o-troclii-
tin'en,  Petit   sits-scapulo-trochitirien  (Ch.),  is
situated  in the fossa  suj^ra-spinata.   It  is elon-
gated, thick, and triangular, and  is  attached, on
the one hand, to the two inner thirds of the fossa
supra-spinata;  and terminates, on the  other,  at
the anterior part of the great tuberosity of the
humerus.  This muscle raises the arm.
   Supra-Spino'sa   Ligamen'ta,  Supra-spinal
lig'aments,  are  two in number.  1.  The Dorso-
lumbo-supra-spinal ligament, (¥.) Ligament sur-
iptineux dorso-lombairc, extending above the spi-
nous processes of tbe dorsal and lumbar vertebra?
from the 7th cervical  as far as the median crista
of the sacrum. 2. Ccrvical-sujirn-spirial ligament,
(¥.)  Ligament  snr-ipincux cervieul, which  ex-
 tends above all the  cervical  spinous processes,
 and is attached, above, to the outer occipital pro-
 tuberance.
   SUR,  Supra.  A  French  prefix,  signifying
 'above.'
   SURA, Gasfrocnc'me,  Gasfrocne'mia,  Gastroc-
\ ne'mium;  Calf of the leg, (¥.) Mol/et,  Grus de 
SURCILIER              885             SUSPENSORY
Jambc.  The projection, formed at tbe posterior
part of the leg by the gastrocnemii muscle. Also,
the fibula.
  SURCILIER, Corrugator supercilii, Superci-
liary.
  SURCOSTA UN, Supracostalcs.
  SURCULA TION, see Generation.
  SURCULI FELLEI, Pori biliarii.
  SURCULUS, Ramusculus.
  SURDUXT(¥.), from sue, nnd dens, 'a tooth.'
When a milk-tooth does not fall out at the period
of the  second dentition, but is  merely forced to
one side by the new tooth,  it is called a surdent.
  SURDI MUTITE, Mutitas surdoruin.
  SURD ITAS, Cophosis, Deafness.
  SURD ITU. Cophosis, Deafness.
  SUKDOMUTTTAS, Deaf-dumbness.
  SURDUS, Deaf.
  SUR EAU COMMUN, Sambucus.
  SURELLE, Oxalis acetosella, Rumex acetosa.
  SURfJI'lNEUX. Supra-spinatus.
  SUR-EXCITATION,  see  Excitement,  and
Super-excitation.
  SURFEIT, Acrasia, Colica crapulosa.
  SURGEON,  Chirur'geori ; Chiro'nax, Chirur'-
gtis, Vulnerum medicos, Cheiria'ter,  Chiria'ter,
liltrus, (¥.) Chirurgien, old  French, Sitrgien, from
Xttp< 'the hand,' and  epyov, 'work.'   One who
practises  surgery.  The  surgeon,  says Celsus,
ought to be young, or, at all events, not advanced
in life.  His  hand  must be steady, expert,  and
never tremulous :  he must use  the right or  left
with equal facility:  his sight must be clear  and
penetrating: his mind intrepid;  and, although
unmoved when he  proceeds to  operate, he must
not be in haste, nor cut less than is  necessary,
but finish his operation, as  if.the cries of the  pa-
tient made no impression upon  him.
  In the middle  ages,  the  Universities of Italy
nnd Spain sent out educated surgeons, as well as
physicians, under the name chirur't/i-jthi/s'ici.
  SURGEON-APOTH'ECARY. One who unites
the practice of surgery with that of the apothe-
cary.  A general practitioner. He is tbe ordinary
medical man or family medical attendant in Eng-
land.   See Apothecary.
  SURGEON-DENTIST, Dentist.
  SUR'GEONCY.   Tbe oflice of a surgeon.
  SUR'GERY, Chirur't/ia, Chiriatrla, Cheirix'-
is, Ghlrisis, Chirix'is, Chiris'tmts, 3Ietacheirix'is,
Metachlrisis, Metachiris'mus, Tracta'tio manna''-
ria, Medicina  operatlva seu efifi.cax,  (¥.) Chi-
rurgie.  Same etymon as surgeon.  The part of
the healing art which relates to  external diseases:
their  treatment; and, especially, to the manual
operations adapted for their cure. Also, the office
of a surgeon.
  Surgery, Anaplastic, Morioplastice — s. Au-
toplastic. Morioplastice—s.Conservative, Surgery,
salvation—s. Dental, Dentistry.
  Surgery,  Mil'itary,  Chirur'gia  milita'ris,
(¥.) Chirurgie militaire, is  that which  relates to
the operations to be performed on the field of
battle,  or subsequently;—with the attention to be
paid to the wounded, &e.
  Surgery, Op'erative,  is termed Aciur'gia,
Acur'gia,  and Acidur'gia,  (¥.)  Midecine opira-
toire.
  Surgery, Plastic, Morioplastice.
  Surgery, Salva'tion, Conser'votive Sm-'gery,
is that which looks rather to the preservation of
a limb  for example than its removal.  One, who
is addicted  to  operating in almost all cases, is
sometimes called a knifesman.
  SUR'GICAL. Chirttr'gicus,  (¥.)  Chirurgical,
Chirurgique. Same etymon.  That which relates
to surgery ; as surgical anatomy, surgical opera-
tions, surgical instruments, &o.
   SURGIEN. Surgeon.
   SURINAMINE, see Geoffraea Surinamensis.
   SUH-IRRITATION, see Irritation.
   SUR NUMERAIRE  (Doigt), Digitus super-
numerarius.
   SUROXYGEXESES.  From stir and oxygen.
A name given by Baumes  to diseases  attributed
by him to superabundance of oxygen.
   SURPEAU, Epidermis.
   SURRECTA ALBA, Ranunculus flammula.
   SUR-REXAL, Supra-renal.
   SURROGATUM. Succedaneum.
   SURSELS, see Salt.
   SUR TO UTS LIGAMENTEUN DE LA CO-
LONNE  VERTEBRALE, Vertebral ligaments.
   SURUMPE(S.)  A disease to which the tra-
veller in the Cordilleras is liable.  It consists of
a violent inflammation of the eyes, caused by the
reflection of the bright rays of the sun. The con-
junctiva is highly  inflamed, and the  lids swell
and  bleed.  Tbe  pain is intense, and frequently
induces delirium.—Tschudi.
   SUR VIE, Survivorship.
   SURVIVORSHIP, (F.)  Sttrvie,  from  super-
vivere, (sujter, and vivere,)  (¥.) survivre, 'to live
longer.'  In legal medicine, this word means the
probability that  any  individual  has  survived
others in an accident, which has been fatal to all.
This is often  an important question,  connected
with the inheritance of property, and on which
physiology can rarely afford more than presump-
tive  grounds for conclusion.
   SUS, SUSUM,  (F.)  Sus, same  as  Sursttm,
' above.'   A French prefix, signifying 'above,' as
in
   SUS-ACROMIO-IIUMERAL, Deltoid.
   SUS-CARPIEA';  sus, and carjte, 'the wrist.'
Above the  wrist.  An epithet given by Chaussier
to the  dorsal artery of the wrist—Artere sus-car-
pienne — a branch of the radial.
   SUS-EPINEUN, Supra-spinatus—s. Maxillo-
labial, Levator anguli oris — s. Maxillo-labial,
grand. Levator labii superioris alaeque nasi — s.
Maxillo-labial moyen,  Levator labii  superioris
proprius — s. Maxillo-naaal, Compressor naris —
s.  Omjihalodymie, see Somatodymia — s.  Ojttico-
sjihino-scliroticien, Rectus  superior oculi—s. Or-
bitaire, Supra-orbitar—s. Phalangien  du jtouce,
Abductor pollicis brevis—s. Pubio-fimoral,  Pec-
tinalis— s.  Scapulo-trochitirien le plus petit,
Teres minor — s.  Scapulo-trochitirien petit, Su-
pra-spinatus— s.  Spino-scapulo-trochitirien, Su-
pra-spinatus.
   SUSCEPTIBILTTY, fiacili   suscipiens,  (sus,
and  capio, 'I take,')  'easily taking, or  under-
taking.'  Sensibility, in its most enlarged  accep-
tation.  Impressibility.   This term, with the epi-
thet  nervous, is sometimes  used for that increase
in the moral sensibility which is particularly ob-
served  in nervous affections.
   SUSCEPTIO INTESTINORUM, Intussuscep-
tion.
   SUSPENDICULUM, Cremaster.
   SUSPENSA. Enaeorema.
   SUSPENSEUR, Suspensory.
   SUSPENSOIRE, Suspensory.
   SUSPENSORIUM,  Suspensory — s.  Hepatis,
Suspensory ligament of the liver—s. Testis,  Cre-
master.
   SUSPEN'SORY, Susjtenso'rius,  from  suspen-
dere, (sus, and pendere, ' to hang,')  ' to hang up.'
(F.)  Suspenseur.  That which  sustains or  sus-
pends.
   Suspensory Bandage, Suspenso'rium, Suspen-
soir ou Suspensoire, is a bandage intended to sup-
port  the scrotum, in cases of diseases of the tes-
ticle  or of scrotal hernia.   It consists  of a  kind
of bag, fixed above to a cincture,  and retained 
SUSPENSUM
886
SUTURE
below by strings passing between the thighs, and !
fixed to the cincture behind.
  Suspensory Ligament of the Liver,  Liga-
meu'tum  latum, Suspenso'rium  he'patis,  Perpen-
dic'ulum he'patis, is a triangular duplicature  of
the peritoneum, between the inferior surface  of
the diaphragm and the upper surface of the liver,
which  is continuous with the great falx of the
umbilical vein.
  Suspensory Ligament ofthe Penis is a fibro-
cellular fascia, of a  triangular  shape, which ex-
tends from the  anterior part of the symphysis
pubis to the corpus eavernosum, which it sustains.
A similar ligament belongs to the clitoris.
  SUSPENSUM, Enaeorema —s. Urinoe, Enu?o-
reran.
  SUSPIRATION, Suspirium.
  SUSPIRATUS, Suspirium.
  SUSPIRITUS,  Suspirium.
  SUSPIRTUM,  Suspira'tio,  Suspira'tus,  Sus-
pir'-itus, from sus, and  spiro, ' I  breathe ;' Myg- '■
mus, Mych'mus, Mychthis'mus, Stenag'mus, Ste-
itax'is, Sigh,  Susjtira'tion, (¥.)  Soitpir.   A short
breathing.  A slow, voluntary contraction of the
diaphragm and intercostal muscles, the effect  of
which  is to restore the due relation  between the
circulation and respiration, or to free  ourselves
from  an inconvenient sense of weight felt in the
chest,  when we are much depressed, — a weight,
which appears to be  chiefly  dopendent on the
functions of  the heart being disturbed  through
the moral  influence.  The sigh  differs from the
sob:—the latter being involuntary and spasmodic
Sighing, occurring in fevers to a great extent, in-
dicates considerable depression.   When accom-
panied with a vocal sound, it constitutes a groan.
  Suspirium Cardiacum, Angina pectoris.
  SUSTENTACULUM. Aliment,
  SUSTENTATOR CLITORIDIS, Erector clito-
ridis — s. Penis, Erector penis.
  SUSURRATION, Whispering.
  S IT S U R R U S,  Bourdonnement — s.  Aurium,
Tinnitus aurium.
  SUTELA, Suture.
  SUTERBERRY, Xanthoxylum fraxineum.
  SUTORIUS, Sartorius.
   SUTTER, Saccharum.
   SUTURA  ABDOMINALIS,  Gastroraphy —
s. Arcualis, Coronal suture — s. Biparietalis, Sa-
gittal  suture — s.  Clavata, Suture,  quilled — s.
Corporis callosi externa, see  Raphe — s.  Cranii
squamosa, Squamous  suture —  s.  Dentata, see
Suture — s. Frontoparietalis, Coronal suture — s.
Interparietalis, Sagittal suture—s.  Jugalis, Sa-
gittal  suture—s. Lambdoidalis, Lambdoid suture
— s. Limbosa, see  Suture — s.  Lepidoides, Squa-
mous  suture — s. Mendosa, Squamous suture — s.
Notha, see Suture—s. Obelaea, Sagittal suture —
s. Ossium Spuria,  Harmony — s. Prorae, Lamb-
 doid  suture—s. Punctata, Suture, common — s.
 Puppis,  Coronal suture — s. Rhabdoides, Sagittal
 suture—s. Serrata, see Suture,  Sagittal suture—s.
 Spuria, see Suture—s.  Squamosa, see Suture—s.
 Vera, see  Suture.
   SUTURAL, Sutura'lis; same etymon  as the
 next.   Relating to a suture.
   SUTURE, Sittn'ra,  Sute'la,  Arme,  Rhaphe,
 from suere, sutttm,' to stitch ;' Dove-tail joint, (¥.)
 Engrenure.   A  kind of immovable  articulation,
 in  which  the bones unite by  means of serrated
 edges, which are, as it were, dove-tailed into each
 other.   The articulations of the greater part of
 tho bones of the  skull are of  this kind.  The
 coronal,  lambdoidal,  and  sagittal   sutures  are
 called true sutures, sutu'ra vera, the two temporal
 are called false sutures, sutura notha seu spu'ria
 seu squamo'sa.
   A dentated suture—Sutu'ra denta'ta. — is one
 in  which  the processes are long and dentiform,
as in  the  interparietal  suture.  In  a serrated
suture — sutu'ra sen syntax'is serra'la — tbe in-
dentations  and processes are small and  fine, like
the teeth of a raw, as in  the suture between  the
two portions of the frontal bone.  In the sutu'ra
limbo'sa there is along with  the dentated mar-
gins a degree  of bevelling of one, so  that one
bgne rests on the other, as in  the occipitoparie-
tal suture.
  Suture, in  Surgery, Rha'jthe, means an opera-
tion which consists in stitching the lips of a wound
to procure their union.   The suture was, at one
time,  largely  employed ;  but,  in modern times,
its use has  been  wisely restricted.  There are few
wounds in which the edges may not  be brought
together by adhesive  plaster appropriately ap-
plied.  This kind of union, by  adhesive plaster
simply, has been  absurdly termed Sutura sicca
or dry suture,  in opposition to  the Sutura cruenta
or suture properly so called.  The suture is gene-
rally performed with waxed thread and straight
or curved  needles, according to the arrangement
of parts.
  The chief sutures  are  the  interrupted suture,
the quilled suture, the glover's suture, and the
twisted, suture.  1.  The  Interrupted  Suture,
(F.)  Suture a points sijtares. Suture  entreeonpee,
is performed by passing a needle, armed with a
ligature, through  the  lips of the  wound previ-
ously brought into  contact; and then tying the
extremities  of the thread.  The  other stitches
are made  in the same manner.  They are sepa-
rate or interrupted.  It is the suture  most com-
monly used.  2.  The  Quilled  Suture, Sutura
clava'ta, (¥.)  Suture enchevillie ou einjtlumie ou
empennie, Compound Suture, is merely the inter-
rupted suture, with thi3  difference, that the liga-
tures are not tied over the face of the  wound, but
over two  quills or rolls  of plaster,  or bougies,
which  are laid along the sides of the  wound.   It
is used by some surgeons, on  account of there
being less danger of the stitches tearing out.   It
is not  much  employed.   The  Clamp  Suture,
used by Dr. Sims, of New York, in the treatment
of vesico-vaginal fistulae, is a modification of this.
It is  formed by two cylinders of silver or lead,
perforated at  several points  for the  passage  of
small  pieces  of fine  silver  wire, which  are to
supply the places of thread,  and  are prevented
from  slipping by perforated  shot carried down
upon them, pressed  against  the cylinders, and
kept in situ by being firmly pinched  with pliers.
3. The Glover's Suture, Contiu'ued  or Unin-
terrup'ted Suture, (¥.) Suture de Pelletier, ou  en
surgct, is executed by introducing the needle first
into one lip of the wound from within  outwards,
then  into  the other in  the  same way; and, in
this manner, sewing up  tbe whole extent of tbe
wound.  It has been  chiefly  used in wounds  of
the intestinal canal.   It  is now rarely  employed
except for  stitching np dead bodies.  The  com-
mon  stitch or suture, Sutura puncta'ta, (¥.) Su-
ture d points passis,  has been used in  similar
cases.  4.  The  Royal Stitch or Suture is tbe
name  of an old operation for the cure of bubono-
cele.  It  consisted  in  putting  a ligature under
the hernial sac, close to the abdominal ring, and
then tying that part of the sac, so as to render it
impervious by the adhesive  inflammation  thus
excited.  5. The  Twisted Suture.  (F.) Suture
entortillee, is  employed, chiefly, to  unite wounds
of the cheeks and  of the free edges  of the lips.
 To perform it, a pin  or needle is passed through
the edges  of the wound, so as to  keep them  ac-
 curately in contact.  A  piece of  thread is then
 wound accurately around the  pin, from one side
 of the division to the other, in the  form of  the
 figure oo .   The number of pins and sutures must,
 of course,  correspond with  the  extent of  the 
SWAB
887
SYCEPHALUS
wound.   This is the suture used in cases of hare-
lip.  The Button Suture,  of  Dr.  Bo/.eman, of
Alabama, employed in vesico-vaginal fistula, is a
modification of this. 6. The  St'TURE A ANSE,
of Le Dran, has only been  employed in cases of
wounds  of the intestines.   For this purpose, the
edges of the wound are brought together,  and as
many  needles,  with  unwaxed  threads, used* as
there  are to be stitches.   Each  stitch is  then
made by passing a needle through the edges ; and
all the ligatures which  belong  to one side  of the
wound are tied together, and twisted so as to form
a thread, which is fixed externally.  7. The Im-
 planted Suture, (F.) Suture irnjrlantie, is formed
 by pins  arranged parallel  to  the  edges  of the
 wound,  and implanted in  their substance.  By
 means of threads, the needles  are  approximated
 so ns to  bring the edges  of the wound together.
 8. The  Pi.\stic Suture, so called by Prof. Pan-
 coast, of Philadelphia, its proposer, is a suture by-
 tongue  and  groove.  The  groove is made  by an
 incision in the part, which  is to receive tbe flap.
 The tongue is made on the flap by bevelling off
 the two surfaces, cuticular and  adipose.  The
 suture is made by passing a loop of thread, by two
 punctures,  deep  through   the  inner  lip  of the
 groove.   The two needles are passed through the
 base of  the tongue, and again  through the outer
 lip of the groove.  The  two ends of the thread
 are then tied over a small  roll of adhesive  plas-
 ter, by which  the tongue  is, of necessity, forced
 deep into the groove.   Four raw surfaces are thus
 firmly held in connection,  making  the union  of
 parts, by this suture, a very certain process.
    Suture,  Button,  see Suture,  (twisted) —  s.
 (•lamp,  see  Suture,  (quilled) —  s. Compound,
 Suture,  quilled — s.  Continued, Suture, glover's
 — e.  Ecail/euse,  Squamous-suture—s.  Empen-
 nte, Suture, quilled—s. Emplumie, Suture, quilled
 —«. Enclicrillee, Suture, quilled—s. Entortillie,
 Suture, twisted — s. Entrecoujtee,  Suture, inter-
 rupted— s. False, Harmony, see Suture — s. Im-
 jtlautec, see Suture,  (implanted) — s. Occijtilale,
 Lambdoid suture—s. Occipito-parietal, Lambdoid
 suture — s. de Pelletier, Suture, glover's—s. Pe-
 rineal,  Pei-inicorrhaphy—s. Plastic,, see  Suture
 — 8.  d  Points passis,  Suture, common  — s.  d
 Points sijraris, Suture, interrupted.—s. Sagittal,
 see Sagittal suture — s.  Squamcuse,  Squamous
 suture — s. en Surget, Suture,  glover's—s. Super-
 ficial, Harmony — s. Uninterrupted, see  Suture,
 glover's.
    SWAB, from  Sax.  rpebban, 'to clean with  a
 mop.'   A piece of sponge  or rag tied to a rod of
 whalebone or wood,  for cleansing the mouth  of
 the sick, or applying remedial agents to deep-
 seated parts.  The process is termed Swabbing.
    SWADDLING CLOTHES, Swathing clothes.
    SWAGBELLY, Physconia.
    SWALLOW, Hirundo —s. Wort, Asclepias
 vincetoxicum — s. Wort,  orange, Asclepias tube-
 rosa—s. Wort, tuberous-rooted, Asclepias tuberosa
 — s. Wort, white, Asclepias vincetoxicum.
    SWALLOW'S  NEST, Nidus hirundinis.
    SWALME, Excrescence, Tumour.
    SWAMP  CABBAGE.  Dracontium fcetidum —
 s. Dogwood, Petela  trifoliata—s. Sickness, Milk
 sickness—s.  Wood,  Cephalanthus occidentalis,
 Dirca palustris.
    SWARFF. Stupor, Syncope.
    SWATHING CLOTHES, Swaddling Clothes,
 Ineunab'itla, Fascia, Panni, from Sax. rpe'Dan,
 'to bind.'  (F.) Maillot.   The kind of clothing
 or bnndniring formerly applied to children dur-
ing the  first  year of life.   It  is now, properly,
laid aside, and. every freedom  allowed to muscu-
lar exertion.
   SW E  VI, Sudor—s. Bloody, Sudor cruentus —
s.  Glands,  see  Perspiration — s.  Root, Polemo-
nium reptans — s. Scab, Crusta genu equinae.
  SWEATING, Ephidrosis—s. Bath, Achicolum
—s. of Blood, see Diapedesis, and Sudor cruentus
— s. House,  Achicolum—s.  Plant, Eupatorium
perfoliatum—s. Room, Achicolum — s. Sickness,
Sudor Anglieus.
  Sweating  Sickness,  Malwah.   A  disease
which appears to be allied to  tbe worst form  of
cholera, and  to bear a close relation to malignant
congestive fever.  As its name imports, it occurs
in Malwah in India.
   SWEBBING, Syncope.
   SWEE, Vertigo.
   SWEEMING, Syncope.
   SWEEMISH, see Syncope.
   SWEET BITTER, Triosteum—s. Bread, Pan-
creas, Thymus — s. Bush, Comptonia asplenifolia
—s. Fern, Comptonia asplenifolia—s. Flag, Acorus
calamus — s. Pod,  Ceratonium siliqua — s. Root,
Aralia nudicaulis.
   SWELLING. E/ronaste'tna, Exar'ma, Excede'-
sis, Presis, Presma, Oncits, Extumefac'tio, Tumor,
 Turnefiac'lio,  (Prov.) Blowing, Boist,  Cont, fOld
Eng.)  Boche,  Bollynge,  Bo'lning,  (¥.) Enfiitre,
 Goiiflcmcut, from Sax.  rpellan,  (D.)  s w e 11 e n
(G.) schwellen,  'to swell,'  Morbid increase
of bulk in the whole, or a part, of the body.  See
Tumour.
   Swelling, White, Hydrarthrus.
   SWENSIE,  Cvnancbe.
   SWENYNG, Somnium.
   SWERF, Stupor, Syncope.
   SWERTTA C1IIRAYITA,  Gentiana chirayita
— s.  Difformis, see  Calumba — s.  Frasera, see
 Calumba — s. Lutea, Gentiana lutea.
   SWEUIN. Somnium.
   SWEVYNG,  Somnium.
   SWEVYNYNG. Somnium.
   SWIETE'NIA FEBRIF'UGA,  after Van
 Swieten,  S.  Sn'mida, Soy ni1 id a sen Cedrela fe-
brifuga,  Feb'rifiige Siviete'ttia,  (¥.)  Mahogan
febrifuge.  Ord.  Meliaceae.   Sex. Syst. Decan-
dria Monogynia.  The bark of this tree, which is
 a native of the East Indies, called there Rohena
 Bark, has an aromatic odour and bitter taste.   It
 is tonic and stomachic, and has been used  in in-
 termittents,  and in diseases where  bitter  tonics
 are indicated.   Dose, ^j to Qij of the powder.
   SWIETE'NIA   MAnOG'ANI,  Cedrns  Jtaliog'tini,
 Mahogany Tree, grows in the West Indies and
 tropical America, and is possessed of similar pro-
 perties.
   Swiete'nia Senegalen'sis. Kltaya Scnegalerl-
 sis.   A common forest tree on the borders  of tbe
 Gambia.  The bark called Cail-cedra, and Kurnon
 Klotyi, is bitter and antiperiodic.
   Swietenia Somida, S. Febrifuga.
   SWIM, Air bladder.
   SWIMBLADDER, Air bladder.
   SWIMMING, Natation—s. Bladder, Air blad-
 der— s. of tbe Head, Vertigo. /
   SWINACIE. Cynanche tonsillaris.
   SWINE-POX. see Varicella.
   SWINE-SAME. Adeps.
   SWINE-THISTLE, Sonchus.
   SW1NNYING,  Vertigo.
   SWOON, Syncope.
   SWOONING. Syncope.
   SWOUNDINO, Syncope.
   SYALADENI'TIS,  Infiamma'tio  glandttla'-
rum saliva'lium, from  ataXov, 'saliva,' aStiv,  'a
gland,' and itis, denoting inflammation.  Inflam-
mation of the salivary glands.
   SYCAMINOS. Morus nigra.
   SYCAMINUM. see Morus nigra.
   SYCE, Ficus, Ficus carica.
   SYCEA. Ficus.
   SYCEPH'ALUS, from ow, 'with/  'together,' 
SYCION
888
SYMPATHY
and KttfrdXn, 'head.'  A monster having two heads
united together.
  SY'CION, mKtov, from ovkov, 'a fig.'  A decoc-
tion of dried figs.
  SY'CIOS  ANGULA'TUS.   One-seeded  star
cucumber; Wild Bry'ony.  The roots and  seeds
of this indigenous  plant,  Order,  Cucurbitaceae,
are bitter, purgative and diuretic   It is used  in
dropsy in the same cases as bryony.
  SYCI'TES, from uvkov, ' a fig.' Wine, in which
figs have been infused.
  Sycites, Catorchites.
  SYCOMA, Ficus.
  SYCO'SIS.   Same etymon.   A tumour of the
shape of a fig.  Also,  a  fungous ulcer.   A hornj'
excrescence about  the  eyelids.   Dr.  Bateman
defines it:—an eruption of inflamed but not very
hard tubercles occurring on the bearded portion
of the  face and  on the  scalp, in adults; and
usually clustering together in irregular patches;
— Phyma Sycosis, Rose'ola fico'sa, Acne men'ta-
gra.   Of this ho has given two species : 1.  Syco-
sis Menti, S.  barbar Men'tagra. Menti go. Varus
Men'lagra, Mentagropllyta, Chinwelk, Chintohelk,
Barber's Itch,  (¥.) Dartre jiustuleitse mentagre :
and,  2.  Sycosis  Cajtil'li,  S.  Capillil'ii.   The
treatment, in both cases, resembles that for por-
rigo favosa.
  Svcosis, Ficus.
  SYCUM, Ficus.
  SYDERATIO, Sideratio.
  SYLLEPSIS, Conception.
  SYLLEPSIOLOG"IA,  from ovXXvlt?,  'con-
ception,' and Xoyos, 'a description.'  The doctrine
of conception.
  SYM, SYN, ow, 'with, together,' like the cum,
eon,  col,  cor;  &c.,  of  the Latins.  A  common
prefix.   Before b, p, ph, ps, and ???,—sym,  or
xyn, is  changed into sym or xym, (com ;) before
c. ch,  g, k, and x, into syn or xyn, ovy, fuy, (con ;)
before I into ay I or xyl,  (col;) before r into syr or
xyr (cor:) and  before s into sy or xy, and sys, (co
and cos.)
  SYMBLEPHARON,  Ankyloblepharon.
  SYMBLEPHARO'SIS,  Concre'tio palpebra-
rum cum bulbo oc'uli, from sym, and (SXctpapov, ' an
eyelid.'  A preternatural adhesion between  the
eyelids ; and especially  between the upper eyelid
and globe of the eye.
  Symblepharosis, Ankyloblepharon.
  SYMBOL, Synlbolum,  Character, (¥.) Carac-
tere, from ovpfiaXXor (ovv, and (laXXor, ' I throw'),
' I compare.'   A sign or representation  of some-
thing else.
  The following are the symbols  used  in  pre-
scriptions :
    R,  Recipe.  See R.
    gr.,  Granum, a grain.
     £),  Scrupulus seu scrupulum, a scruple.
      ",  Drachma, a drachm.
     t,,  Uncia, an ounce.
     It>,  Libra, a pound.
    1ft),  Libra, pounds.
    Fti,, Minimum, a minim.
    f ,^, Flnidrachma, a fluidrachm.
    f^, Flnidtincia, a fluidounce.
      0, Octarius, a pint.
      C, Congius, a gallon.  See Abbreviation.
   SYMBOLE. Commissure.
   SYMBOLEUSIS, Consultation.
   SYMBOLISMUS, Sympathy.
   SYMBOLIZATIO, Sympathy.
   SYMBOLOGICA, Symptomatology.
   SYMBOLUM, Sympathy.
  SYMETRIE, Symmetry.
  SYMETRIQUE, Symmetrical.
  SYM'MELES,  from »?/»i,  and  pcXos,  'an ex-
tremity.'  Alorlopus.  A genus of monsters whose
extremities are  joined  together:  Sirens. — I. G.
St. Hilaire.
  SYMMETRIC, Symmetry.
  SYMMET'RICAL,  Symmet'ricus,  avpptrpos,
(¥.) Symitrique, from sym, and pcrpeiv, 'to  mea-
sure.'  An epithet given  to those parts of the
body, which, if seated on the median line, may
be divided  into  two  equal, and  perfectly  like
halves; or which — if situate, the ono to the
right, the  other to the  left of  this line — have a
similar conformation, and a perfectly analogous
arrangement.
  Symmetrical Diseases, see Symmetry.
  SYM'METRY,  Symmelria, Cummen'sum, Mem-
bro'rttm Om'nium  Comjrcterltia, Projttrrlio, (¥.)
Symitrie.   The regularity in  form, observed in
many parts, situate  on the  median line;  and,
also, the resemblnnce which exists between many
organs that are situate on each side of the median
line;  Bilatiral Symmetry.  Bichat first noticed
that  this symmetry  was  confined  to the organs
of animal life; as the head, brain, spine, organs
of sense, locomotion, Ac.
  It  has been affirmed—and there is evidence in
favour of the  assertion — to  be  a law of the
animal economy,  that when uninfluenced by dis-
turbing agents, all general or  constitutional  dis-
eases affect equally and similarly the correspond-
ing parts of the two  sides of the body.   This has
been  called  the Symmetry of  Diseases; and the
resulting diseases are said to be symmetrical.
  SYMMETRY OF  DISEASES, see Symmetry.
  SYM PARA TERESIS, Observation.
  SYMPASMA, Catapasma.
  SYM PATH ESIS,  Sympathy.
  SYMPATHETIC, Sympatllicus, Sympatheti-
cus,  (¥.)  Sympathique,  from  sym, and  iraSos,
'suffering.'  That which  depends on  sympathy.
Sympathetic affections of an  organ are those
morbid phenomena that  supervene without any
morbific  cause  acting  directly on it, and by the
reaction  of  another organ  primarily  affected.
Thus, itching  of  the nose is a, symjtathetic affec-
tion,  produced by  irritation  in the  intestinal
canal.
  The epithet sympathetic is, also, given to dif-
ferent nerves.  See Trisplanchnic, Pneumogastric,
and Facial.
  Sympathetic, Great, Trisplanchnic nerve—s.
Middle, Pneumogastric—s. Nerve, Trisplanchnic
nerve.
  Sympathetic Powder, Pulvis sympathet't'cns
or Powder of Sympathy of  Sir Keneline Digby,
was composed of calcined sulphate of iron, pre-
pared in a particular manner.   It was long  sup-
posed to  be able to cure a wound, if applied to
tbe weapon that inflicted it; or even to  a portion
of the bloody clothes.  It is  proper to remark,
however, that the wound  itself was carefully ex-
cluded from the air,  and  from all irritation.
   SYMPATHETICUS MINOR,  Facial nerve.
   SYMPATHETISMUS, Sympathy.
   SYMPATHIA, Consent of parts.
   SYMPATHICUS, Sympathetic.
   SYMPATHIQUE,  Sympathetic —«.  Nerf,
Trisplanchnic nerve.
   SYM'PATHY, Sympathi'a,  Sympathe'sis, Com-
pas'sio, Consensus, Sympathctis'mus, Xympathla,
Confiux'io,  Conspira'tio,  Commer'cium, Consor'-
tium, Homoioputhla,  Homoeth'nia, Adeljthix'is,
Symbolis'mus, Symboliza'tio, Synlbolum.   Same
etymon.  The connexion that exists between the
action of two or  more organs, more or less dis-
tant from each other; so that the affection of the
first is transmitted, secondarily, to  the others, or
to one of the others, by means unknown.  A
knowledge  of the particular sympathies between 
SYMPEPSIS              8«9               SYNCIPUT
different organs throws light on  the etiology of
diseases, their seat, and the particular organs to-
wards which  our therapeutical  means should be
directed.   See Irritation.
  SYMPEPSIS, Coction.
  SYMPEXIS, Concretion.
  SVMPIIORA, Congestion.
  SVMPIIOREMA, Congestion.
  SYM PHORESIS, Congestion.
  SY.MPIIORICAR'PUS RACEMO'SUS, Snow-
 berry; frora ovptpopeur,' to bear together,' and Kaprros,
 'fruit,' owing to tbe clustered  berries.  An indi-
 genous plant, Order Caprifoliaceae, Tribe Loni-
 cera?. whose  berries are large, bright white, and
 remain till winter; flowering  from June  to  Sep-
 tember.   The root is  tonic and astringent, and
 has been used in ague;  and  by the Indians in
 syphilis.
   SVMPIIYIA, Symphysis.
   SYMPHYOCEPH'ALUS, Metojt'ages. Cepha-
 lop'uges, from ovutpvns, (ovv, and tpvor, ' to grow,)
 'united  together,' and KetpaXn, 'head.'   A mon-
 strosity in which twins are united by the head.
   SYMPHYSEOTOMY.  Symjrhysolomy,  Syn-
 choudrtit'omy, Syin/ilii/seotom''ia, Syinjihysiotoni'ia,
 from symphysis, and repvot, ' I cut.'  The ojtera-
 tinu or section of the Symphysis, Sigaultian opera-
 tion  or  section.   This  operation is  performed
 with the view of augnienling the diameter of the
 pelvis, in order to  facilitate  delivery in certain
 cases of faulty conformation of that cavity, with
 wedging of  the  bead of  the  child therein.   To
 perform the operation, (F.) disymphyser; the  fe-
 male is placed on her back; the  pubes is shaved;
 and, with a  strong scalpel, tbe soft parts are  di-
 vided on tbe median line.  Tbe  articulation  is
 then cut.   As soon as  the fibrous parts, which
 hold the bones together, are  divided, they sepa-
 rate to a certain  distance from  each other; and
 the delivery may be accomplished.  Tbe  knife,
 with which  the operation  is performed, is called,
 by the French, Couteau symphysien.
    SYMPHYSTA, 'from  ovp'bvto,  'to  grow  to-
 gether.'  A  malformation consisting in the union
 of parts that are  usually divided. — Breschet.
    SYMPHYSIOTOMY,  Symphyseotomy.
    SYM'PHYSIS, Sympliy'ia,  Coiilcscctltia, Co-
 al'itus,  Coalil'io, (P.)  Symjrhysie, from ovptpvur
 (ovv,  'with,' and  tpvur,  'I grow'), 'I unite  to-
 gether.'  A  union of bones.   The bond of such
 union.  The aggregate of means used for retain-
 ing bones in situ  in the articulations.  The  name
 symphysis  has, however, been more particularly
 appropriated to certain  articulations ; as to the
 symphysis jtubis,  sacro-iliac symjthysis,  &e.  See
 Monster.
    SvMunvsis, Coalescence, Commissure, Inser-
 tion— s. Cartilaginea,  Synchondrosis — s. Liga-
 mentosa,  Syndesmosis — s. Ossium muscularis,
 Svssarcosis — s.  Pubis,  Pubic  articulation.
    SY.MPHYSOTOMY,  Symphyseotomy.
    SYMPHYTOS, Hereditary.
    SYM' PIIYTUM.  Same etymon.  Symphytum
 officinale sen album  sell  Itohe'micnm, Consolida
 major, Comfiey,  Alum, Alus,  (Prov.) Knit-back,
 (¥.) Grande Consoude, Oreilles d'ane.   Ord. Bo-
 raginaceii?.-  Sex. Syst. Pentandria Monogynia.
 The roots of this European plant are very muci-
 laginous, and are employed as emollients.   They
 nre used in  decoction in  hir-inoptysis, dysentery,
 chronic diarrhoea, <fcc.
    Svmpiiytum, Solidago  virgaurea—s. Album,
 Symphytum—s.  Bolieinioum,  Symphytum — s.
 Minimum,  Bellis —s.  Minus, Prunella —s.  Offi-
 cinale, Symphytum.
    Symphytum  Petr.f.'um,  Con's Monspelien'sis,
 Mnitpellier Cods.  An intensely bitter and nau-
 seous plant, which is said to  have been  useful in
 syphilis.  Sec, also, Sanicula.
  SYMPLOCARP'US ANGUSTISPATHA,
Dracontium angustispatha — s. Fcetida, Dracon-
tium fcetidum.
  SYMPOD'IA, Monopodia, from sym, and -irons,
iroSos, 'a foot.'  A monstrosity in which there is
coalescence of tbe lower extremities.
  SYMPTOM, Sympto'mtt, Ac'cidens,  Casus, from
sym, and irrurpa, ' a fall,' from irt-rur, ' I fall.'  Any
change,  perceptible to  the  senses in  any organ
or function, which is connected with morbific in-
fluence.  It is bj* the aggregate and  succession
of symptoms that a disease is detected.  The term
sym jit orris ofi symptoms  has  been used for tbe
effects which result from the symptoms of a dis-
ease; but  which effects are not essentially con-
nected with the disease itself.   Thus, the debility
arising from the frequency of evacuations in dys-
entery is a symptom of symptom?.   Symptom, at
one  time,  was  generally  used  in  the  same
sense  as sign ;  but with many, perhaps  most,
of the present day, the former signifies  a  func-
tional or  vital  phenomenon  of disease, whilst
the latter is applied to that which is more directly
physical; — and hence the expressions functional
or vital phenomena or symjitoms, in  contradistinc-
tion to  the physical signs afforded by ausculta-
tion, percussion, &c.  See Sisrn.
   SYMPTOMA   TURPITUDINIS,   Nympho-
mania.
   SYMPTOMATIC, Symptomatica, (¥.) Symp-
tomatique.  That which  is a symptom of  some
other affection.  Thus we speak of a symptomatic
disease,  in opposition to one that is idiopathic,
   SYMPTOMATOGRAPHY,  Semeiography.
   S Yr M PTOMA T OL'OG Y, Symjrtomatolog'la,
 Symbotog"ica,  from  symptoma, and  Xoyos, 'a
treatise.'  The branch of pathology, the object
of which is the knowledge of symptoms.
   SYMPTO'SIS, from sym, nnd rriTi-ru?, 'I fall.'
Depression or collapse,  emaciation  or atrophy,
either of the whole body or of a part.
   SYN. Sym.
   SYN^EREMA, Corrugation.
   SYN.KIT ON, Concausa.
   SYNANC1IE, Cynanche, Cynanche tonsillaris.
   SYNANCIE. Cynanche.
   SYNAPHYMENITTS, see Ophthalmia.
   SYNAPTASE. see Amygdalin.
   SYNARTHRODIA, Synarthrosis.
   SYNARTHRO'DIAL, Synarthrodia'lis,  from
 syn, and  apSptoots,  'articulation.'   That which
 belongs to synarthrosis; as Synarthrodial articu-
 lation.
   SYNARTHROSIS, Synarthrodia, Abarticu-
 la'tio, Coarticula'tio.  An immovable articulation.
 Synarthrosis  includes  three   species:  Suture,
 Harmon i/, and Gam/,host's.
   SYNATHROESIS, Congestion.
   SYNATHR01SMUS,  Congestion.
   SYNCAN'THUS, from syn. and kovBos, 'the
 corner of  the eye.'   A morbid adhesion  between
 the globe  of the eye and the orbit.
   SYNCHONDROSIS, Synlphysis  seu  Cop'nla
 seu Connex'io eartilagin'ea,  Clomdrosyndesm'tts,
 from ayn, and  xot,$P°s> 'iX  cartilage.'  Union  or
 articulation of bones by means of  cartilage :—as
 the articulations ofthe ribs with the sternum, by
 means of  their cartilages of prolongation.
   SYNCTIONDROTOMY,  Symphyseotomy.
   SYNCHRONICS, Synchronous.
   SYNCHRONOUS, S,,ilcl,,-„„„s, Synch roil ins,
 Isncllronous,  from syn, and xp<"">f' 'time.'   That
 which occurs at the same time.  Thus the  pulsa-
 tions of an artery are said to be synchronous with
 those of the heart.
   SYNCHRONOUS, Synchronous.
   SYNCTIYSIS, Confusio —s.  Sparkling,  Con-
 fusio.
   SYNCIPUT, Sinciput. 
SYNCLONESIS            890              SYNOCHUS
  SYNCLONESIS, Synclonus.
  SYN CLONUS,  Synclone'sis,  from  cvyKXoveot,
(ovv, and kXoviot, 'I  shake,') 'I  shake together.'
Tremulous, simultaneous, and chronic  agitation
of various  muscles,  especially when  excited  by
the will;  Clon'ici  universa'les,  Clonus, (Young.)
Also, general spasm, sjtas'mus universa lis.   See
Tremor, Chorea, <fec.
  Synclonus Ballismus. Paralysis  agitans — s.
Beriberia, Beriberi — s. Chorea,  Chorea—s. Ra-
phania, Raphania — s. Saltans,  Chorea — s. Tre-
mor, Tremor.
  SYNCOMIS'TUS, from  ovyKopt^oi, (ovv, and
Koptfa,) 'I bring  together.'  Autojfyros, Panis
domes'ticus, secundarius, ciba'rius, confiusa'neus.
Bread  of the whole wheat, or of the unsifted
meal.  Household bread. Also a cataplasm made
of the  same.
  SYN'COPAL, Syncopa'lis, Syncop'ticua, Syn-
cop'tus.  Same etymon as Syneope ; as Syn'copal
Ferer, Febris Syncopa'lis.   A pernicious  inter-
mittent,  characterized  by repeated  attacks  of
syncope.
  SYN'COPE,  from  ovyKoitrur,  (ovv,  and kotttoi,
'to  fall,')  'I fall  down.'  An'imi defec'tio seu
deli'quium,   Leipopsycilia,  Lipojtsy cilia,  Ap-
sych'ia,  Apsyx'ia,   Lijrsis   An'imi,  Asjthyx'ia,
Ajtopsychla, Lijrotliynlia, Leipothymla, Lijros-
jrhyx'ia, Eclipsls,  Su'bitus  animi  casus, Anen-
cephaloha' mia,  Ajt'sychy,   Swoon,   Swooning,
Fainting, Fainting  fit, Faintness,   Exolu'tion,
(Se.)  Drow,  Ditalm,  Swarff,  Swerf,  Swarth,
(Prov.) Fower, Swebbing, Sicecming,  Swounding,
Sound, (¥.)  Evanouissement, Difaillance,  Pa-
moison.  Complete  and, commonly,  sudden loss
of sensation and motion, with considerable dimi-
nution, or entire suspension  of the pulsations of
the heart and the respiratory movements. Syncope
is,  commonly,  an affection  of  no consequence;
but, sometimes,  it is an index of diseased heart.
Placing  the  patient in  the  horizontal posture;
sprinkling cold  water over the  face, and  the ap-
plication  of volatile  substances to  the nose, are
all that will be required during the fit.  See As-
phyxia, and Suffocation.
   An approach to this condition is termed fiaint-
ishness ; and the person is said to he faint, (Prov.)
Sweemish.
   Syncope Angens, Angina pectoris — s. Angi-
nosa, Angina pectoris.
   SYNCOPTICUS, Syncopal.
   SYNCOPTUS, Syncopal.
   SYNCRITICA, Astringents.
   SYNDACTYLUS, Aschistodactylus.
   SYNDESMT'TIS, see Ophthalmia.  Also,  in-
flammation of articular ligaments ; Infiamma'tio
ligamento'vum, from syndesmos, ' ligament,'  and
itis, denoting inflammation.
   SYNDESMOG' RAPHY,  Syndesmograph'ia,
from syndesmos, 'a  ligament,' and  ypaip-q, 'a de-
scription.'  A description ofthe ligaments.  The
part of anatomy which describes the ligaments.
   SYNDESMOL'OGY,  Syndesmolog"ia,  from
syndesmos, 'a  ligament,' and  Xoyos,  'a treatise,
 discourse.'   A treatise on the ligaments.
   SYNDES'MO-PHARYNGE'US.  A fasciculus
of the constrictor pharyngis superior.
   SYNDESMOS, Ligament.
   SYNDESMOSIS, Synneuro'sis,  Synyme'nesis,
 Connexlo seu Si/m'jthysis ligamento'sa, Commis'-
su'ra ncr'vea, Connerva'tio, Colliga'tio, from syn-
desmos,  ' ligament.'  The  articulation  of two or
more  bones  by means of ligament;—as of  the
radius with the ulna.
   SYNDESMOT'OMY,  Syndesmotom'ia,  from
syndesmos, 'ligament,' and  repvut, 'I cut or dis-
sect.'  Dissection  of the ligaments.
   SYNDESMUS, Bandage,  Ligament.
  SY'N'DROME, from syn, andopopos, 'a course'
Concur'sus,  Concourse.   A  name  given by tho
Empirical Sect to tho union of symptoms which
takes place  in  diseases:—Syndrome plctho'rica,
for example, meant the union  of symptoms pro-
duced by plethora.
  SYNDYASMUS, Coition.
  SYNECIIES, see Continued fever.
  SYNECHI'A, from syn, apd eXctv, ' to have,' or
'to hold.'  Adhesion  between  the iris nnd trans-
parent cornea, or between the iris and crystalline
lens.  The former case is called Synechia ante'-
rior ,- the latter, S. poste'rior.
  SYNENERGIA, Synergy.
  SYNERGIA. Synergy.
  SYXERGIE, Synergy.
  SY'N'ERGY,  Synergi'a, Syneneri/i'a, (¥.) Sy-
nergie ; from syn, and epyov, ' work.'  A  correla-
tion or concourse^ of action between different or-
gans in health ;  and, according to some, in disease.
  SYNESIS, Intellect.
  SYNEUROSIS, Syndesmosis.
  SYNEZISIS,  Synize'sis, Considen'tia,  from
syn, and fyvyvvttv, 'to join.'
  Synezi'sis Pupill'vE,Parop'sis Synizcsis,Call-
go a  Synizesi, Caligo sen Imjterfiora'tio sen Phthi-
sis pujrilla,  Amyo'sis, Closure or occlu'sion or ob-
litera'tion of the Pupil.  This disease is sometimes
a faulty conformation, depending upon the con-
tinued existence of the  membrana pupillaris, or
the absence  of  the pupil.  It is, in other words,
congenital.  At  other times, it  is owing to acci-
dent, and supervenes  on violent ophthalmia, or
on the operation  for cataract.  They  who are
affected with synezizis are completely blind : the
iris having no central aperture.  In certain cases,
a remedy may be obtained by making  an opening
in the iris,  which may supply the place of the
pupil, and through which the  rays  of light may
reach the retina.  This  operation  is called the
ojteration for artificial pupil.
  SYNGENES, Hereditary.
  SYNGENICUS, Congenital.
  SYNHYMENESIS, Synymenesis.
  SYNIMENESIS, Synymenesis.
  SYNIZESTS, Considentia, Synezisis.
  SYNNEUROSIS, Syndesmosis.
  SY'N'OCHA, from  otn'eyw, (ovv,  and  t^o?, 'I
have or hold,')  'I continue.'   lnfiani'motory or
Dynamic Fever, Anginji'yra, Sthenojt'yra, Febris
causo'des seu cnumato'des seu den'reus seu ardens
seu coiitirlna sanguin'ea  seu contirlua non jintris
seu  acmas'tica  seu acn'tit. seu  acu'ta stingnin'ca
seu corltinens seu continens  non  jtit'trida sou an-
gioten'ica seu sthenica seu sanguin'ea  seu in-
fiammato'ria, Hotnolonos, Syn'ochus  (Vogel), S.
irnjiu'tris  (Galen),  Ene'eia cauma seu  ton'ica,
Plilogoji'yrus, Cauma, Citlentura continua,  (¥.)
Fievre ardente  ou continente  infiamtnutoire ou .
sanguine  ou irritative ou angeiotinique ou in-
fiammatoire, Gastro-entirile intense ;  General in-
flammation.  A species of continued  fever,  cha-
racterized  by increased  heat;  and  by quick,
strong, and hard pulse; urine high-coloured; dis-
turbance of mind  slight.  It requires, of course,
the most active treatment.
  Synocha  Rheumatica, Rheumatism, acute—s.
Vaccina, Vaccina.
  SY'N'OCHAL, Synocha'lis; same etymon.  Re-
lating  to, or having the characters of, synocha.
  SYTN'OCHUS, Ene'eia  syn'ochus, Febris lenta,
(Linnaeus,) same etymon.  Continued fever, com-
pounded of synocha and typhus:—in its com-
mencement often  resembling  the former; in its
progress,  the latter: Mixed fever,  Common  con-
tinued fever, Syn'oehoid fever.   See Continued
fever, Fever, and Typhus.
  Synochus, Synocha—s. Biliosa, Fever, gastrio,
Fever, bilious—s. Catarrhalis, Influenza—s. Icte- 
SYNOLCE                8
rodes, Ycvcr, yellow —s. Imputris, Synocha —s.
Miliaria, Miliary fever—s. Varicella,  Varicella.
  SYNOLCE, Spasm.
  SYNONIA, Synovia.
  SYNOSTEOG'RAP11Y, Synosteogra'phia,from
syn, oareov, a ' bone,' and ypatpta, ' I  describe.'
The part of anatomy which describes the joints.
  SYNOSTEOL'OGY, Synosteolog"ia,  from syn,
oareov, 'a bone,' and Xoyos, 'a treatise.'  A trea-
tise on the joints.
  SYNOSTEO'SIS,  Synostosis, from  syn, and
trcreov, 'a bone.'   Union by means of bone.
  SYNOSTEOTOMY, Synosteotonlia,  from syn,
'with,'  oartov,  'a bone,'  and  repvtiv,  'to cut.'
Dissection of the joints.
  SYNOSTOSIS, Synosteosis.
  SYN0'VIA,  from  syn,  and  utov,  'an  egg.'
Mucila'go, Un'i/ncii sen  Ungueii'tiim seu Smei/ma
nrticulil it; Syiio'nia, Axun'gia 'articutilris, Mitci-
blgo artiettlo'rum sen juneturtlrum. Humor arti-
cttla'ris, llydrarthrua, Humor seu Ilii'rnidum nctti'-
vum seu Gluten  articulo'rum, Arthrohydrine, (¥.)
Synovie. A fluid resembling the white of egg, which
is exhaled  by the  synovial membranes  surround-
ing the moveable  articulations.  The  synovia has
been found, on analysis,  to consist of water, albu-
men, soda, chloride of sodium, phosphate of lime,
and — Fourcroy fancied — uric  acid.   Its use is
to lubricate the  joints, and the  sheaths in which
tendons play.
  PY'NO'VIAL, Synovia'lis.  That which relates
to  tbe synovia.
  Synovial Glands, Ilavers's Glands, Gland'ula
articula'rea seu  Synoviales seu  Harersia'na, are
the secretory fringes, which float in the interior
of  the  synovial  capsules  (see Capsules.)   Tbey
do  not  seem to be glandular.  They have been
called Syno'viitl finlbria, {¥.) Franges synoviales.
  SYNOVI'TIS,  from Synovia, and itis,  a ter-
mination denoting inflammation.  A term, badly
compounded,  applied at  times to  inflammation
of  the synovial membrane, ar-throjthlogo'sis syno-
via'lis.   When it affects the  bursae,  it is, some-
times called Bursitis.
  Synovitis  Rheumatismalis,  Rheumatism,
(acute.)
  SY'N'TASIS,  cvvraots, from ovvTetvur, (ovv, and
retvut, - I stretch,') ' I strain.'  Tension  of parts :
hence ovvrariKa, are medicines which render parts
tense.   Syntex'is, on  the other hand, means Colli-
qnu'tio, or wasting  of the body; from cvvrriKtit,
'Imelt together.'
  SYNTAXIS.  Articulation, Reduction, Taxis—
s. Serrata,  see Suture.
  SYNTECOPYRA. Hectic fever.
  SYNTECTYCOPYRA, Hectic fever.
  SY'NTENOSIS, from syn, and tivuiv, 'a ten-
don.'   A  species of articulation in which two
bones are joined by means of tendon ; as the sesa-
moid bones with the toes, the rotula with the
tibia, <fec
  SYNTERESTS, Prophylaxis.
  SYNTER ETICUS, Prophylactic.
  SY'NTEXIS,  Colliquation, Consumption, see
Syn tasis.
  SY'NTIIENA.  A  term  employed by Paracel-
sus to designate a species of epilepsy, accompanied
by  cardialgia and tormina.
  SY'N'THESIS,  Rcu'nio, 'composition or put-
ting together,' from syn, and nS-npt, ' I  place.'  A
surgical operation, which consists in uniting parts
that are divided;  and approximating such as are
separated or  distant  from each  other.  Reu'nio
par-Hum separata'rum. Syn'thcsis of continuity,
means the  union of the edges of a wound, or the
approximation of the extremities of a fractured
bone  Si/nthrai* of contiguity is the  reduction
of displaced  organs;  as  in cases of hernia and
luxations.
91               SYPHILIS
   Synthesis, Composition.
   SYNTHETIS'MUS, same etymon.   The ag-
 gregate of operations and  means for reducing a
 fracture, and maintaining it reduced:—compris-
 ing extension, counter-extension, coaptation, and
 bandaging.
   SYNTONINE, see Fibrin.
   SYNTRIMMA, Contritio.
   SYNTRIPSIS, Contritio.
   SYNTROPHOS, Connutritus.
   SYNULOSIS,  Cicatrization.
   SY'NULOTICA, Cicatrisantia.
   SYNUSIA. Coition.
   SY'NY'ME'NESIS, Synhyme'nesis,  Synirne'ne-
 sis, from  syn, and  'vpnv, 'a membrane.'  Union
 of bones  by membrane, as  in  the case  of the
 bones of the head in the foetus.
   Synymenesis, Syndesmosis.
   SYPIIAR, Peritoneum.
   SYPHILIDES. Siijrhillday(¥.)  Dermo-syphi-
 lidee, Dcrmatosies  viroleuses.  Same etymon as
 Syphilis.   Tbe cutaneous eruptions that accom-
 pany constitutional syphilis are so denominated
 by the French writers.
   SYPHILIDIA'TER, Syphilidia'trus, from Sy-
 philis, and  tarpos, 'a physician.'  A pox doctor.
 One who occupies himself in  treating syphilis.
   SYPHILIDOMANIA, Syphilomania.
   SYPHILIPHO'BIA, from Syphilis and 00/3.??,
 'dread.'   A morbid dread of syphilis, giving rise
 to fancied symptoms of the disease : a form of hy-
 pochondriasis.
   SYPH'ILIS, »??. vene'rea seu malig'na, Sijthi-
 lis.  Syphilis'mus,  Cachex'ia sen Cacochynlin  Ve-
 ne'rea, Malum vene'reum, Pndcn'dagra,  Me'vium,
 Lues, L. vene'rea seu syjihilis, Morbus  Gulliciis
 seu Italicits seu Hisjtait'icus seu  Ncajiolito'nns
 seu Irldicus seu  ajthrodis'ius, Patursa, Bttsilis'-
 cus,  Boa,  Sod'oma  Gallo'rum ; Venereal,  Vene-
 real  Disease,  Pox,  French  Pox, French Cru*t,
 French  Distemper,  Foul Disease, old cant term,
 Grincomes, (Prov.) Pip, (Sc.) Glcngore, Glengour;
 Grandgore, (¥.)  Virolc, Maladie vinirienne. Mai
 de  Naples,  Mai  Francois, Maladie de  1inns.
 The  etymology of  syphilis is unknown.   Some
 consider it  to proceed  from  ovs,  ' a  hog,'  and
 iptXtor,  'I  love;'  others, from  true, 'with,'  and
 (diXju,  'I  love;'  and others,  with  more  proba-
 bility,  from  oofiXos, — formed,  by contraction,
 from cnraXos,—'a reproach,' &e.   It is an infec-
 tious disease, communicable by coition, or by the
 contact of parts  that are only lined with  a thin
 epidermis; as the lips, nipple, &c.   It generally
 makes its  first appearance bj' a chancre, followed
 sooner or  later by a bubo.  The chancre is a pri-
 mary symptom  or  sore:  but there  are  otbers
 which  are  secondary or constitutional.  These
 are: — ulcers  in  the throat;  copper-coloured
 blotches on  the skin ; pains  in the  bones, nodes,
 <fec: the last are  sometimes termed tertiary  phe-
 nomena.  The origin of. syphilis is not known.
 It is believed to  have  been  introduced  into
 Europe from America, at  the  end of  the  15th
 century [?].  Its  progress is extremely variable,
 as well as its duration, which is often unlimited,
 if left to  itself.   Mercury may be  esteemed the
 best remedy, but the disease admits of cure with-
 out it.  Almost every antisyphilitic composition,
 whose use is attended with success,  probably con-
 tains mercury united with  diaphoretics or other
 medicines.  It is generally sufficient to keep tho
 mouth sore for a fortnight for the cure of chancre :
 for venereal sore  throat,  and other  recent consti-
 tutional symptoms,  eight or  ten weeks will be
 required ; and, of course, a longer  time, if these
 symptoms  have   persisted  longer.   Sometimes,
 after mercury has  been given  for a  time, the
 symptoms continue stationary ; and do not yield
1 until  the  mercury  has  been discontinued,  and 
S YFIUL ISA TION          8 9 2                  SYRUP
tonics  and eutrophics  have  been administered.
The preparations of iodine have been much used,
of late, in the revellent treatment of this disease.
  Syphilis Indica, Frambcesia.
  Syphilis  Pseudo-Syphilis, Lues Syjthilo'des,
Pseudo-syphilis. A term given to ulcers or other
affections  that resemble  syphilis, but are inde-
terminate  in  their  character,— the  symptoms
being irregular in  their appearance, and usually-
yielding spontaneously, or under the use of tonics,
change of air, &c.   The  condition has not been
at all well defined.   The Sivvens, Radesyge, &c,
have been referred to this head.
  S V CHILIS A TION, Svphilization.
  SYPIIILISMUS,  Syphilis.
  SYPHILITIC,   Syphiliticus, (¥.) Syphilit-
ique, Virolique,  Viroli.  Belonging, or relating to
syphilis —as 'a si/philitic ulcer.'
  SYPHILIZA'TION, Syphilisa'tio, (¥.) Syphi-
lisatian.  Saturation ofthe  system by inoculation
with the matter of syphilis.   It has been used as
a curative procedure in syphilis, as well  as a pre-
ventive of that disease; and for the cure of other
cachexia?, as cancer.
  SYPHILODERM'A, from  syphilis, and htppa,
'skin.'   A  cutaneous eruption  of a syphilitic
character. — E.  Wilson.
   SYPIIILOG'RAPHER,  from  syphilis,  and
ypatpot, ' I describe.'  A writer on syphilis.
  SY'PHTLOID,  Sy/rhilo'i'des;  from  syphilis,
and ethos, 'resemblance.'  Resembling syphilis,—
as ' a st/philoid affection.'
  SYPIIILOMA'NIA,  Sypliilidoma'nia, —■ vul-
garly,  Noddle Pox.   A mania, with which some
persons are affected, so that they subject them-
selves  to antivenereal treatment, under the erro-
neous  impression  that they  are affected  with
syphilis.
   SYPHITA, Somnambulism.
   SYPIIOAURICULARIS, Otenchytes.
   SYPHON, see Siphon.
   SYRIGMOPIIO'NIA, from ovpiypos, 'piping,'
and  rpwvrj, ' voice.'   A piping state of the voice.
   SYRIGMUS, Tinnitus aurium.
   SYRINGA, Eustachian Tube, Fistula, Syringe,
Trachea — s. Clysmatica, Syringe, (Clyster.)
   Syiun'ga Vulga'ris, Lilac vulga'ris.  Common
Lilac.  Ord.  Olcacea?.  The leaves and fruit are
bitter  and somewhat acrid, and  have been used
as tonics and antiperiodics.
   SYRINGE, Syr'inx, Syrin'ga, Sipho Si/rhurl-
culus,  Squirt, (¥.) Seringue, from ovpiyZ, avptyyos,
'a pipe.'   A  familiar apparatus through which
any liquor is injected.
   Various forms of syringe are used in  medicine
and surgery.
   Syringe, Clyster, Syrin'ga clt/smat'ica, Clys-
antli'um,  (¥.) Clysopompe.  A syringe  for ad-
ministering clysters.
   Syringe, Cupping,  Antlia sanguisuga.
   SYRINGES AF.RIFERI, see Bronchia.
   SYRINGICUS, Fistulous.
   SYRINGI'TIS  EUSTA'CHII,  Inflammation
 ofthe Eustachian tube.
   SYRINGMOS,  Tinnitus aurium.
   SYRINGODES, Fistulous.
   SYRINGOTOME, Syringot'omus,  Sydngot'-
 omum, from ovptyl;, avptyyos,  'a  pipe,' 'a fistula,'
 and -tuvetv, ' to cut.'  A surgical instrument, for-
 merly used in the operation for fistula in ano.  It
 is a bistouri,  concave at its edge, and terminated
 by a  long, flexible, probe-pointed stylet.  This
 stylet or probe was first introduced by the ex-
 ternal opening of  the  fistula into the  rectum,
 whence it  was drawn  externally through the
 anus,  carrying with it the cutting edge of  the
 instrument,   which  divided  the  intermediate
 parts.
  SYRINGOT'OMY, Syringotomla.  Same ety-
mon as the last. The operation for fistula in ano
by incision.
  SY'RINX,  Eustachian tube, Fistula, Syringe,
Trachea—s.  Hiera, Vertebral column.
  SYRMAIS'.MOS, from avpitatfa, 'I evacuate.'
A gentle evacuation  by  vomiting  or stool.
  SYRUP, Syrup — s.  d'Ail, Syrupus allii — e,
d'Armoise comjrosi, Syrupus  aromaticus — s. de
Chieorie com/nisi, Syrupus  de cichorio composi-
tus— s. des Cinq ravines, Syrupus e quinque  ra-
dicibus—s. de Coquelicot, Syrupus rboeados—s.de
Cuisinier, Syrupus de sarsaparilla et senna com-
positus—8. il Ether, Syrupus cum  athere  sulphu-
rico paratus—s. de Gingembre, Syrupus zingibe-
rs — s. de Guimaure,  Syrupus  althaeae — s. de
Longne vie, Mellitum de  mercuriali compositum—
s. de Mercure, Syrupus de mercurio mediante gum-
mi—s. de Mou de veau, see Syrupus zingiberis—8.
tie Mures, Syrupus inori—s. de Netpruu, Syrupus
rharnni — s. de  Pavots blancs, Syrupus papaveris
—s. de Pornmes composi, see Syrupus senna? — s.
de Quinquina avec le  Vin, Syrupus de kina, kina
cum vino —s. de Roses  pales, Syrupus rosa? — s.
de Roses rouges, Syrupus rosa? — s. de Vinaigre,
S. aceti.
  SY'RUP, Sirup,  Syr'upus, Seraplum, Serrtpe'-
um, (¥.) Syrop, Strop, Succharoli liquide,Sacchur-
hydroli; derived, according to some, from ovpor, 'I
draw,' and onos, 'juice ;' but more probably, frora
the Arabic Sirujth, Sirab, or Scharab, which sig-
nifies ' a potion.'   A saturated solution of sugar
in water, either  simply,  or  united with  some
vegetable or other principle.  Syrups, in general,
require two pounds of sugar to the pint, and they
are judged to be  sufficiently boiled when a por-
tion, taken up in  a spoon, flows like oil.  In  the
Pharmacopoeia of the United States,  it is directed,
that syrops, whose density is not  precisely deter-
mined by the process, should have tbe s. g. 1-201
when boiling,  and about 1-319 at ordinary tem-
peratures.  Syrups should be kept in  small bot-
tles in a cool place.  They are  chiefly  used to
render medicines  palatable.   See Syrupus sim-
plex.
  Syrup of Almonds, Syrupus amygdalae.
  Syrup,  Antiscorbutic, Syrupus antiscorbu-
ticus — s. Balsamic,  Syrupus tolutanus.
  Syrup of Buckthorn, Syrupus rharnni—s. of
Calf's lungs,  see Syrupus zingiberis—s. of Capil-
laire, common,  Syrupus simplex—s. of Cinchona
with wine, Syrupus de  kina kina cum vino — s,
of  Cinchonia,  Syrupus cincboniae — s. of Citric
acid,  Syrupus  acidi citrici—s. of Clove July
flower,  Syrupus caryophylli rubri — s. of Clove
pinks,  Syrupus Caryophylli rubri — s. of Cochi-
neal,  Syrupus  cocci — s.  of  Emetine, Syrupus
emetinae — s. of Ether,  Syrupus cura aethere sul-
phurico  paratus — s. of Five  roots,  Syrupus o
quinque radicibus—s. of Garlic, Syrupus  allii—s.
of Ginger, Syrupus zingiberis—s. of Gum Arabic,
Syrupus acacias,
  Syrup, Hive, Syrupus scillae compositus.
  Syrup of Honey, Mellitum  simplex—s. of
Iodide of iron.  Liquor Ferri iodidi — s. of Ipeca-
cuanha,   Syrupus  ipecacuanha?—s.  of Jalap,
Syrupus jalapae — s. of Lemon, Syrupus limo-
nis — s.  of JMarshmallow,  Syrupus   althaeae—■
s. of  Meadow saffron,  Syrupus  colchici  au-
tumnalis — s.  of  acetate of  Morphia, Syrupus
morphiae acetatis—s. of muriate of  Morphia, Sy-
rupus  morphias muriatis — s. of Mugwort, com-
pound, Syrupus aromaticus — s. of  Mulberries,
Syrupus mori — s. of Orange juice, see  Syrupus
aurantii—s.  of Orange peel, Syrupus aurantii—i.
of Orgeat, Syrupus amygdala?—s. of Poppies, Sy-
rupus papaveris—s. of  Poppy, red,  Syrupus rboe-
ados— s. of  Quinia, Syrupus quinia?—s. of Rha- 
SYRUPUS
SO
3                SYRUPUS
tany, Syrupus krameriae—s. of Rhubarb, Syrupus
rhei—s. of Rhubarb, aromatic,  Syrupus rhei aro-
maticus — s. of Rhubarb, spiced, Syrupus rhei
aromaticus — s. of Roses, Syrupus rosa- — s. of
Roses, red, Syrupus rosae gallica?—s. of Saffron,
Syrupus croci—s. of Sarsaparilla, Syrupus sarsa-
parillae—s. of Sarsaparilla and  senna, compound,
Syrupus de sarsaparilla et senna compositus —s.
of  Sarsaparilla, compound, see  Syrupus de sar-
saparilla et senna compositus—s. of Sarsaparilla,
Indian,  Syrupus hemidesmi — s. of Scammony,
Syrupus  de  scam in on im — s.  of  Scneka,  Sy-
rupus senega? — s. of Senna, Syrupus sennae—s.
 Simple, Syrupus simplex —s. of Squill, Syrupus
 scillae — s. of Squill, compound, Syrupus scillie
 compositus — s. of Succory, compound, Syrupus
 de cichorio compositus—s. of Tolu, Syrupus tolu-
 tanus—s. of Vinegar, Syrupus  aceti — s. of Vio-
 lets, Syrupus viola?—s. of Wild cherry bark, Sy-
 rupus Pruni  Virginiana?.
   SYRUPUS, S. simplex.
   Syrupus Aca'cle, Syrup of Gum Arabic, (Aca-
 cia 31J. Sacchar. £xv, Aq. f^viij.  Dissolve the
 gum  in the  water ; add the sugar, and  strain.
 Ph. U. S.) A good pectoral syrup.  Dose, f Zj to

   Syrupus Ace'ti, S. Ac'l'di Aceto'si, Syrup ofi
 Vinegar, (¥.) Syrop de Vinaigre.   (Aceti Oiiss,
 sacch. purif.  Tbiiiss.  Boil to form a syrup.  Ph.
 E.)  It is refrigerant and antiseptic.  Dose, fgj
 to  f^ij.
   Syrupus Acidi Acetosi, S. aceti.
   Syrupus Ac"idi Cit'rici, Syrup of Citric Acid.
 (Acid,  citric, pulv. 5Jij;  Ol. Limon. Xnjv;  Syrup.
 Oij.  Rub the acid and oil with an  ounce of the
 syrup; add  the rest of the syrup,  and dissolve
 with a gentle heat. Ph. U. S.)   Virtues the same
 as those of the Syrupus  Limonis.
   Syrupus  cum iE'THERE Sulphu'rico  Para-
 tus, Syrup of Ether, (¥.) Syrup d'ither.   (Very
pure sugar, 1000 p.;  distilled water, 500 p.; dis-
 solve in the cold, and strain ; add sulphuric ether,
 4si p.   Shake for five or  six days, and draw off
 the limpid syrup.  Ph. L.)  Properties like those
 of ether.
   Syrupus Al'lii, Syrup ofi Garlic, (¥.) Syrop
 d'ail.   (Allii recent, concis. ^vj, acet. destillat.
 Oj, sacchar. Tbij.  Macerate the garlic in the vi-
 negar,  in a glass vessel,  for four days; then ex-
 press the liquor and set it by, that the dregs may
 subside ; lastly, add the  sugar to the clear liquor,
 and proceed  in the manner directed  for  syrup.
 Ph. U. S.)   Use, same  as that  of garlic.  Dose,
 f3J t0 f7>'w-
   Syrupus  At^tuje'je,  S. ex Altha'd  seu  de Af-
 thad seu Altlraa officina'lis, Syrup ofi Marsh-
 mallow, (¥.) Syrop de Guimauve.  (Althaa rad.
 recent,  cont.  Ibss, sacch. pur. Ibij, aqua Oiv. Boil
 the root in the water to one-half, and press out
 the liquor; when cold, defecate; add  the  sugar,
 nnd boil.  Ph. L.)  Emollient and  demulcent.
 Dose, f3J to f^iij.
   Syrupus Amomi Zingiberis,  S. zingiberis.
   Syrupus  Amyg'dala, Syrup ofi Almonds, S.
of Orgeat, Orgeat.  (Amygdal. dulc. ibj, amygdal.
amar. ,^iv, aqua, Oiij, sacchar.  lbvj.  Blanch the
almonds, and rub them in a mortar to a very fine
paste, adding, during the trituration, three fluid-
ounces  of the water, and a pound of  the  sugar.
Mix the paste thoroughly with  the remainder of
the water ; strain with  strong  expression ; add
the remainder of the sugar to the strained liquor,
nnd dissolve  it with the  aid  of a gentle heat.
Strain the syrup through fine linen, and having
allowed it to  cool, put it into bottles, which must
be  well stopped, and kept in a cool place.  Ph.
U.S.)
  Syrupus Anticausoticus, see Anticausodic.
  Syrupus Antiscoubu'ticus,  & de Armora'cid ii
 compositus,  Antiscorbu'tic  Syrup.   (Leaves of
 cochlearia, buckbean, water-cresses, horse-radish
 root and bitter oranges, each Ibj, cinnamon, ^iss.
 Cut, and pour on white wine lbiv.  Macerate for
 two days;  distil  over Oj  in  a sand-bath ; add
 to  this sugar, tbij,  and form a syrup.  Again,
 take  what  remains in the  cucurbit:  pass   it
 through cloth ;  let it rest; decant,and add sugar
 Ibij;  make  into a syrup, and clarify with white
 of egg.  Mix  it with  the  first  while  yet warm.
 Ph. P.)  Antiscorbutic,  alterative,  tonic, stoma-
 chic, <fcc  Dose, f^U to f^ij.
    Syrupus Aromat'icus,  <S'. de Artemisia com-
 positus, Comjtound Syrujt of Mugicort, (F.) Syrop
 d'armoise composi.  (Tops ofi artemisia vulgaris,
 in  flower, j|vj,  inula root,  ligusticum  levisticum,
 and fennel,  each, ^ss, pennyroyal, catmint, savine
 leaves, each 3yj, marjoram, hyssop,  pyrethrum,
 rue, basil, each 3" iij, aniseed and cinnamon, each
 ^ix : bruise and  macerate in  hydromel lbxviij ;
 distil  over  Oss ; add  to this a pound of sugar.
 Again, take the liquid that remains in the cucur-
 bit, strain it gently ; and add sugar lbiv.  Then
  mix  the  two.  Ph. P.)  Tonic, emmenagogue,
  &c.
    Syrupus de Armoracia Compositus, S. anti-
  scorbuticus—s. de Artemisia compositus, S. anti-
  scorbuticus—s. Asparagi, see Asparagus.
    Syrupus Auran'tii, S.  Aurant io'rum seu Citri
  Aurantii seu Cor'tids Aurantii seu Aurantii Cor-
  ticis (Ph. U. S.) seu e Cortic'lbus  Aurant io'rum
  seu de Cortice  Aurantio'rum, Syrup  of Orange
  peel.  (Aurant. cort. cont. 3*ij, aq. few. Oj, sacch.
  Ibijss.  Macerate the peel  in the water for twelve
 hours.   Add the sugar.  Ph.  U. S.)  Stomachic.
 Dose, f 5Jj to f #j.
    A Syrup  of Orange Juice, Orange Sherbet, Sy-
 rupus e succo Aurantiorum, may be made by add-
 ing white sugar Ibij  to Ibj of the juice of oranges,
 strained and clarified.
    Syrupus Balsamicus, S. tolutanus.
    Syrupus Caryophyl'li Rubri,  S. Infusio'nis
 florum caryophyllo'rum,  S. Dianthi Carynjrhylti,
  Syrup  ofi Clove July fioioer or of Clore Pinks.
  (Petalonim elianth., caryoph. recent.,  unguibus
 resectis, Ibj, aqua bull.  Oiv, sacch. purif. Ibvij.
  Ph. E.)  Aromatic
    Syrupus Cassiae Senn.e, S. sennae.
    Syrupus de  Cicho'rio  Compos'itus,  S.  de
 Rheo, Compound Syrup  of Succory, (¥.) Syrop de
 chieorie compose.   (Root  ofi succory  3*vj> leaves
 ofi succory  o'x' leaves of fumitory and scotojten-
  drtum, each 3* iij.  Allcekengi berries 3*ij.  Boil in
 loater Oxiv to Oxij : pass through cloth, and dis-
 solve in white sugar tbv.  Boil till it has the con-
 sistence of  syrup.  Again, take water Oviij, rhu-
  barb Svj, yellow sanders and cinnamon, each 3ss.
 Infuse for twenty-four hours ;  pass through linen,
 and add the  preceding syrup.  Ph. P.J  It  is
 laxative and stomachic   Dose, f gj to fjss.
    Syrupus Cinchonae cum Vino, S. de kina kina
 cum vino.
    Syrupus  Cincho'ni^;,  Syrup of  Cincho'nia.
 (Simple syrup one pound ;  snljthate of cinchonia
 nine grains.  Mix.) Six spoonfuls are commonly
 sufficient to arrest an intermittent.
    Syrupus Citri Aurantii, S. aurantii.
    Syrupus Cocci,  Syrujt  of Cochineal.   (Cocc.
 cont. 9iv. Aq. destillat. bullient. Oj  (Imp. mens.),
 sacchar. Ibiij, vel q. s.  Sp. rectificat.  f^iiss, vel
 q. s. Ph. L.)  Chiefly used as a coloring agent.
    Syrupus Col'chici Autumna'lis, S. Colchici,
 Syrujt of Meadow Saffron.  (Rad. colch. autumn.
 recent, jfj, acidi acetosi, f3*xvi, eacch. pur. 3*xxvj.
 Macerate the root in the  vinegar  for two days,
 occasionally shaking the vessel; then strain with
 gentle expression.  To the strained fluid add the
 sugar, and  boil to a syrup. Ph. E.)   Diuretic,
11 antiarthritic.  Dose, fjjj t° ?5SS> or more. 
SYRUPUS CROCI
  Syrupus Corticis Aurantii, S. aurantii — s.
Citri medicae, S. limonum — s. e Succo citronum,
S. limonum.
  Syr-upus  Croci,  Syrup  ofi  Saffron.  (Croci
stigmat. 3J.  aqua fervent. Oj, sacch. purif. tbiiss.
Ph. I.)  Cardiac.  Chiefly used for colouring.
  Syrupus  Diacodion, Diacodium — s. Dianthi
Caryophylli, S. caryophylli rubri.
  Syrupus  Emeti'n.e, Syrup ofi Em'etine. (Sim-
ple syrup Ibj, emetine 16 gr.)  In small doses, ex-
pectorant; and in large, emetic              ,
  Syrupus  Empyreumaticus, Melasses—s.Ferri
iodidi, Liquor Ferri iodidi.
  Syrupus  Hemides'mi, Syrup of In'dian Sarsa-
parilla.  (Hernidesm. cont. 3*iv (avoirdup.),  Aq.
destillat. bullient. Oj (Imp. meas.), sacchar. q. s.
Ph. D.)  A weak preparation of hemidesmus.
  Syrupus  Hydrargyri, Syrupus de  mercurio
mcdiante gummi—s. Infusionis florum caryophyl-
lorum, Syrupus caryophylli rubri.
  Syrupus  Ipecacuan'ha, Syrup ofi Ipecacuan-
ha.  (Ipecac, in pulv. crass, 3*j,  alcohol, dilut. Oj,
sacchar. tbiiss, aqua q. s. ' Macerate the ipecacu-
anha in the alcohol for 14 days, and filter. Eva-
porate the filtered liquor to 6 fluidounces, again
filter, and add sufficient water to make the liquid
measure a pint; add the sugar, and evaporate by
a water-bath to a proper consistence.   Ph. U. S.)
It may also be prepared by displacement.
  Syrupus  de Jalap'a, Syrujt of Jalajt.  (Pulv.
JalapaJ5X- sem. coriatalr., fianicul. dulc. aa 3SS j
aqua f'3 xijss, sacch. 3*xxv.  Ph. P.)   Cathartic.
Dose, f'^ij to f 3ss for children.
  Syrupus  de  Kina Kina cum  Vino, S. Cincho'-
na cum vino, Syru/i of Cinchona with wine, (F.)
Syrojt  de quinquina avec le vin.  (Cort.  cinchona
officinalis 3*'j> ext. cinchona 3v.f' *""' albi ( Vin,
Lit,id. seu cujusvis ei  similis,)  Oj, alcohol (s. g.
■',185 to *915.)  f§j, sacchar.  alb. Ibiss.   Bruise
the cinchona; gradually add the alcohol, so as
to form a soft mass ; pour on the wine; macerate
for two days, and strain.  Dissolve the  extract,
add the sugar, and make a syrup. Ph. P.)  Dose,
f3*ss to f^j.
  Syrupus Krame'rije, Syrujr of Rhat'any. (Ext.
Kramer, ^ij. aqua Oj,  sacchar.  Ibijss.  Dissolve
the extract in the water, and filter; then add the
sugar,  and form into syrup.  Ph. U. S.  It may
also  be made by displacement  from  kramer. in
pulv. crass. Ibj,  sacchar. tbiiss; aq.  q. s.)  An
ndjunct to astringent mixtures;  or given in diar-
rhcea,  a teaspoonful to a child.
  Syrupus  Limonis, S. Limonum—s. Succi limo-
nis, S. limonum.
  Syrupus  Limo'num,  S. limonis (Ph. U. S.) seu
citri med'ica seu e succo citro'num seu e succo
limo'num seu succi limo'nis, SyrnpofiLemon. Le-
mon  Syrup.  (Limon. succ. colat.  Oj, sacchar. Ibij.)
Cooling, antiseptic.
  Syrupus  e Meconio, S. papaveris—s. de Melle,
Mellitum simplex.
  Syrupus de Mercu'rio Median'te Gummi, S.
Hydrar'gyri, Mercu'rius gummo'sus Plenckl'i, (¥.)
Syrop  de  mercure, Mercure.  gommeux de Plencle.
(Hydrarr/yripur. ^j, p. gum. acacia, 3'*j> syrujt
diacod. 3*ss.  Rub together  till the  mercury is
extinguished.   Ph. P.)   Possesses the properties
of blue pill.   Dose, gr. ij to viij, or more.
  Syrupus  Mori, S. e succo moro'rum seu 8?(cct
?jio/-?', Syrujt ofi Mulberries, (¥.) Syrop de mures.
(Mori succ. colat. Oj, sacchar. jturifi. Ibij. Ph, L.)
Gratefully refrigerant.
  Syrupus e Succo Mororum,  S. mori.
  Syrupus Morpii'i^.  Aceta'tis, Syrup of ace-
tate ofi morphia.   (Liq. morphia acet.  f 5j, syrup
f3*xv.  Ph.D.)   Dose, f3=s  to ft^j, as an  opiate.
  Syrupus Morph'i^: Muria'tis,  Syrup of mil -
riate ofi morphia.   (Bio. morph.  muriat. f^j;
-i           SYRUPUS  RHEI
syrup f^xvij.  M. Ph. D.) Dose, f 5*ss to f5J, as
an opiate.
  Syrupus Morphia Sulpha'tis  may be made
in the same way.
  Syrupus Niger, Melasses.
  Syrupus Papav'eris, S. jrapaveris somnifieri
sen papaveris albi seu emeco'nio seu de meconio,
Diaco'tlium, Syrujt of juqipies, (¥.) Syrojt de jtu-
vots blaucs ou Diacodc.  (Pajiav. eapstil. exsiccat.
et contus. exeraptis seminibus, 3xiv, sacch. jutr.
tbij, aq. fervent,  cong.  ijss.   Macerate the cap-
sules in water for 12 hours;  boil to a gallon, and
express strongly.   Boil the liquor to  Oij ;  and
strain while hot.  Defecate  by rest, and boil to
Oj, adding the sugar so  as to form  a syrup.  Ph.
L.) One ounce contains about one grain of opium.
Anodyne and demulcent.
  The Dublin college has a Syrupus Opii, called
Common Syrujt of Pojijtics, which is made by dis-
solving 18 grains of tbe Watery Extract of Ojn'urri
in 18 ounces of boiling water.  Properties, those
of opium nnd syrup.
  Syrupus de Papavere Erratico, S. rhoeados
— s. de Pomis compositus, see S. senna?.
  Syrupus Protei, see Protea mellifera.
  Syrupus Pruni Virginia'n.e, Syrup of Wild
cherry  bark.   (Pruni Virginian,  in pulv. crass.
3*v, sacchar. tbij, Aqua, q. s.  Moisten the bark
with water; let it stand for 24 hours;  transfer it
to a percolator;   pour water gradually upon it,
until a pint of filtered  liquor has passed.  Add
the sugar  in a. bottle, and dissolve by agitation.
Ph. U. S., 1851.)   Dose, as  a demulcent expec-
torant, f£j to f,^iij.
  Syrupus e Pulmonibus Vitulinis, see Syrupus
Zingiberis.
  Syrupus Qui'nia, Syrup  of Quinia.   (Simple
syrup, 2 pints, sulphate ofi quinia, 64 grains.)  Six
spoonfuls are commonly sufficient to arrest an in-
termittent.
  Syrupus e Quinque Radi'cibus, Syrup of fire
roots, (¥.) Syrojt des cinq rad ties. (Rod. opii,
fa'niculi, ajtii jtetroselini, aa 3" v-  Infuse for 24
hours in boiling water Oiiss, and strain. Rad.
asjtarag., rusci aculeati, aa 3 V, aqua, Ovij.   Boil
and reduce to half; adding,  towards the end, tbe
residue of the preceding infusion.   Boil again for
some minutes; strain, and add white sugar, fbvj.
Ph. P.)   Aperientand diuretic.  Used in obstruc-
tions of the liver, spleen, and mesentery; and in
dropsy, ifcc  Dose, f.^ss to f'3J, or more.
  Syrupus Riiamni, S. Rharnni catlon'tici sen de
Spina cervind seu spina cervlna, Syrup of Buck-
thorn, (¥.) Syrop de uerprun.  (Rhamn. baccar.
succ. recent.  Oiv, zingib. not. concis., pimenta
bacc. contrit., a a, 3*ss, sacch.  purif.  fbiiiss.  Defe-
cate  the juice for 3 days, and strain.   To a pint
of this, add the ginger and pimento ; macerate for
4 hours, and strain ; boil what remains  to Oiss.
Mix the liquors  and add sugar, so as to form  a
svrup.  Ph. L.)  Cathartic, but apt to gripe. Dose,
f Zlv to f gij.
  Syrupus Rhei, Syrnpofi Rhubarb.   (Rhei, in
pulv. crass., 3 ij ;  Alcohol, Oss; Aqua, Oiss;  sac-
char. tbij.  Mix  the alcohol and water; pour f3*iv
on the rbubarb, mixed with an equal bulk of sand,
and allow the whole to stand four hours; put the
mass into  a percolator, and gradually pour on tbe
alcohol and water.  By means of a water-bath,
evaporate to f'3*xiij ; add the sugar, and  make  a
syrup.   Ph. U. S.)'  Dose to a child, as a laxa-
tive, one or two  teaspoonfuls.
  Syrupus  Rhei Aromat'icus,  Aromatic or
Spiced Syrup ofi Rhubarb.   (Rhei cont. 3*iiss;
Caryophyl. cont., Cinnam. cont. S5.3.-S; Myrist.
cont. £ij ; Alcohol, dilut. Oij :  Syrup  Ovj.   Mti-
cerate tbe rhubarb and  arotnatics in the diluted
alcohol for 14 days, and strain ; then, by means
of a water-bath, evaporate the liquor to a pint,
8< 
SYRUPUS  DE  RHEO          895       SYRUPUS  ZINGIBERIS
nnd while still hot, mix with the syrup previously
heated.   Ph. U. S.)   It may also be made by the
process of displacement.
  The aromatic syrup of rhubarb is a  gentle car-
minative cathartic.   Dose  to  a child, f 3J > to an
adult, t'3j
  Syrupus  de Rheo, Syrupus de Cichorio com-
positus.
  SYRUPUS  Riice'ados, <S'. de papar'ere errat'ico
seu papaveris erratici, Syrujt of Red Poppy, (¥.)
Syrop de to,policot.  (Rltu-ad. jtetttl. recent, tbj,
aq. fervent.  l'3xviij, sacch. purif.  tbiiss.  To tbe
water, heated  in  a  water-bath, add  tbe petals.
Remove the vessel;  macerate for 12  hours; ex-
press; defecate, and  add sugar to form a syrup.
Ph. L.)  Chiefly used to give colour.
   A factitious syrup  is often made of aloes, dis-
solved in simple syrup.
   Svrupus Rosas, S. rosa'rnm  solutlvus  seu  e
rosis siccis seu  rosa centifolia  seu  rosa'ceus
soluti'vus, Syrup of  Roses.  (¥.) Syrop de  roses
 jidles.   (Rosa cent if. jjetat.  exsicc. 3*vij.  sacch.
 purif. tbvj, aq. fierrent. Oiv.   Macerate the petals
 for  12 hours.  Evaporate the strained  liquor to
 tbiiss.  Add the sugar.  Ph. L.)  Gently laxative.
 Dose, f^ij  to f^iss, or more.
   Syrupus Ros.e Gal'lic.-e, Syrup of Red Roses,
 (¥.) Syrojt  de roses rouges.   (Rosa Gallic, jietal.
 exsicc. .^vij,  aqua bull.  Ov, sacch. purif.  tbvj ;
 prepared like  the  last.   Ph. E.)  Mildly astrin-
 gent.  Added to stomachic infusions.
   Syrupus Sacchari,  S. Simplex.
   Syrupus Sarsaparil'la, S. Sarsa, S. Sarza,
 Syrup of Sarsaparilla.   (Rad. Sarsajt. cont. tbj.
 aqua bullient. cong., sacch. Jtitrif. tbj.  Macerate
 the root for 24 hours ; boil to Oiv.   Strain  while
 hot; add the sugar, and boil.   Ph. L.)   Used in
 the same cases as the root.  Dose, f^j to f glv,
 and more.
   Syrupus de Sarsaparil'la  et Senna.  Com-
 pos'itus, Compound Syrup ofi Sarsaparilla and
 Senna,  (¥.) Syro/r de  Cuisinier.  (Rad. Sarsajt.
 concis. tbij.  infuse  for 24  hours in  warm water
 Oxij ; boil  for a quarter  of an  hour; pass with
 expression, and boil  again the residuum  in Ox of
 water.  Reduce this to Ovj, and  repeat  the ope-
 ration  2 or 3 times.  Mix all the liquors and boil
 them together with, flowers ofi borage, white roses,
 senna leaves and aniseed, each 3*ij : reduce to half;
 pass, and add honey tbij.  Boil to a syrup.  Ph. P.)
 It  is considered to  be alterant,  depurative, and
 sudorific   Dose, f.^ss to  f.^ij.
    A similar  syrup, under the name  Syrupus
 Sarsaparil'la Compos'itus, Compound Syrup
 of Sarsaparilla, is directed  in the Pharmacopoeia
 of  the  United States.  (Sarsajrarilf. cont. tbij ;
 Lign. guaiac. rasur.  5iij ; Rosa cent if ol., Senna,
  Glycyrrhiz. cont. aa 3'ji  01. Sassafras. 01. Anisi.
 ilii n\v. ;   01. Gaultheria in. iij ;  Alcohol,  dilut.
  Ox. : Sacchar. tbviij.  Macerate the  sarsaparilla,
 guaiacum  wood, roses, senna, and liquorice root
 in  the  diluted alcohol for 14 days ;  express and
 filter.   Evaporate the  tincture in a warm bath to
 four pints; filter,  add the  sugar, and  form into
 syrup.  Lastly, having  rubbed  the  oils  with a
 sinall quantity of the syrup, mix them thoroughly
 with the remainder.  Ph. U. S.)
    If may  also be made  by  the  process of dis-
 placement.
    Syrupus Sars.e, S. Sarsaparillae — s.  Sarzae,
 S.  Sarsaparilla?.
    Syrupus de Scammo'nio, Syrup cf^Scam'mnny.
 (Pule.  Scammon.  ~~><._sacch. alb. 3'iv, alcohol.
 (s. g.  '985 to -91i') f 3viij.  Heat  the  mixture
 moderately : then set tire to the alcohol with a
 lighted taper; agitate constantly, until  the flame
 is^extinsruisbed.   Suffer it  to cool :_pass through
 cloth, and add  Syrup of Vi-Act*, t'$iv.  Ph. P.)
 ,"j contains 18 grains of scammony.  Dose,- f gj
 to f3~ss.
    Syrupus Scillae, S. sdllitlcus  seu sella  ma-
| rilima, Syrup of Squills.   (Acet. scilla. Oj, sacch.
I tbij.   Ph.  U. S.)    Diuretic,  expectorant,  and
I emetic.  Used in the same cases as the oxymel.
    Syrupus  Scilla  Compos'itus.  Mel  Scilla
,■ Coiitjioaitum,  Compound  Homy ofi Squill,  Com-
j pound Syrup ofi Squill,  Hive Syrup.   (Scilla
jeont.; Senega cont.  ail  Sjiv: Autim. et Potasste
 Tart.  gr.  xlviij: Aqua  Oiv;  Sacchar.  tbiiiss.
| Pour the  water upon the squills and seneka, and,
 having boiled to one-half,  strain and  add  tbe
 sugar.  Then evaporate  to three pints, and while
 the  syrup is still hot, dissolve in  it the tartrate
 of antimony and potassa.   It may also  be made
 by the process of displacement.   Ph. U. S.)
    It is often given as an emetic in cases of croup,
 and in catarrh, especially in  children.   Dose, to
 infants, 10  drops to a drachm, repeated  every 1'5
 minutes, if vomiting be desirable.
    Syrupus Skn'ega, Syrup of Seneka.  (Senega
 cont. %iv ;  Aqua 0j ; Sacchar. tbj.  Boil the  wa-
 ter with the seneka to one half, and strain : then
 add the sugar, and form into syrup.  Ph.  U.  S.)
    It may also be formed  by the  process  of  dis-
 placement.
    This is a favourite stimulant expectorant  [?]
  with many practitioners.  Dose, fgj or f^'j-
    Syrupus Senna, S.  cassia  senna,  Si/rup  of
  Senna. (Senna 3'j- sem. firuicul.  cont. 3J, sacch.
  pur. J^xv, aqua bnl/ictt. Oj.  Macerate the senna
  leaves and fennel-seeds  with a gentle heat for an
  hour.  Strain :  add  the sugar, and make into a
  svnip.  Ph.  U.  S.)   Cathartic.  Dose,  fgij to
  l'3iss, or more.
    The Parisian Codex has a. Syrupus de Senna of
  a compound character,  called Syrupus  de pomis
  com/rosltus, (¥.) Syrop de poultries composi.  It
  contains, also, borage, bugloss, <fcc  Dose, f3*ss
 j to f'3*ij.
    Syrupus  Simplex, Syrupus  (Ph. U.  S.), S.
  Sac'chari, Sac'charum clarifica'tum, Liqna'riurn,
  Simjrlc Syrup, Syrup, Common syrup of capillaire.
  (Sacch. purif. fbiiss. aqua Oj. Dissolve the sugar;
  set aside  for 24 hours; remove the scum, and pour
  off the  clear liquid.)  Used to  cover nauseous
  tastes, &e.
     Syrupus de  Spina Cervina, Syrupus  rharnni
  — s. de Stoechade  communis, see Lavendula.
     Syrupus Toi.uta'nus, S. Toluta'ni seu toluif-
  era bal'sami seu  balsam'ictts, Balsamic syrujr,
  Syrup of tolu.  (Tinct. Ttrlnt.  f3'iss ;  Aqua Oj ;
  Sacchar. tbiiss.  Mix the tincture with  the sugar
  in coarse powder;  expose it on a shallow dish to
  a gentle  heat, until  the alcohol has evaporated;
  pour the water upon it: heat gradually until the
  sugar is  dissolved, and strain.  Ph. U. S.) Use-
  to give flavour.
     Syrupus Vi'oi.a, S.  viola odora'ta, S. vtola'-
  rum, S. e succo violu'rutn, Syrup of Violets. (Fior.
  recent, viol, odorat. Ibij. aq. bull. Oviij, sacch. jtur.
  tbxv.  Macerate, in n covered vessel, tor 24 hours :
  pass, without expression, through linen ;  add the
  sugar so as to form a syrup.  Ph.  E.)  Very
  gently laxative.  Dose, f,",j to fgij.
     Syrupus e Succo Violarum,  S. violae.
     Svrupus  ZingiB'eris,  S.  a mo'mi  zingiberis,
   Syrup ofi Ginger, (F.) Syrop de gingeinbre. ( Tinct.
  Zingib. "f^iv ; Aqua Oiv; Sacchar. lbx.  Mix the
  tincture  with four  pounds of  the sugar in coarse
  powder;  and expose it  in a  shallow  dish  to a
  gentle heat until  the  alcohol  has  evaporated.
   Add the rest of the sugar, and then the water in
   a covered vessel; heat gradually until tbe sugar is
   dissolved, and strain.  Ph. U. S.) To the strained
   liquor add the sugar, and form a syrup.
     N. B.  The  Parisian  Codex contained a  few
   other compound  syrups  besides  those  cnume- 
       •            SYS                    8

rated; amongst these is a Syrup of calf's lungs,
Si/rujrus e pulmonlbus  vititllnis, (¥.)  Syrop de
man de veau, as an expectorant.
  These syrups are  made according to the usual
rule,  and possess the virtues of the substances
after  which they are named.
  SYS, Sym.
  SYSPA'SIA, from ovoTaoi, (aw, and craw, 'I
draw,') ' I contract.'  Clonic spasm, with dimi-
nished sensibility and inability of utterance.   A
genus in Good's Nosology, which  includes con-
vulsion,  epilepsy, and hysteria.
  Syspasia  Convulsio, Convulsion — s.  Epilep-
sia, Epilepsy—s. Hysteria, Hysteria.
  SYSSARCO'SIS,  from ovv, 'with,' and o-apf,
aapKos,   ' flesh.'  Commissu'ra  ossium  car'nea,
Si/mjth'ysis ossium  muscula'ris, Connex'io  ossium
cartio'sa, Carutltio, Concarna'tio.  Union of bones
by  means of muscles; such  as  the  union of the
os hyoides with the lower jaw, of the scapula with
the ribs, <fec
  SYSTALCTS, Systole.
  SY'STAL'TIC, Systalticus,  Peristaltic; from
trvorcXXtit, (ovv, and  oreXXw,)  'I contract.'   A  sys-
taltic motion in a part  is one in which there  is
alternate contraction and dilatation.  See Sys-
tole.
  SYSTAT'ICA, from ovviornpi, (ovv, and iotvui,
'I place,') 'I associate.'   Diseases affecting seve-
ral or all of the sensorial powers simultaneously;
irritation or inertness of mind, extending to the
muscles,  or  external senses;  or of the muscles,
or external senses,  extending to the mind; — the
4th order, class Neurotica, of Good.
  SYSTEM, Syste'ma,  from aw,  'together,'and
lar-npi,  'I place.'   This word, taken  in  a good
sense, means the collection  and arrangement of
different matters having an analogy to each other,
or  working  towards the same end.  In  natural
  T Bandage,  T fas'cia, Fas'cia  T fiormis seu
Ueliodo'ri, Cru'cial Bandage.  A bandage shaped
like the letter T.   It consists of a  strip of  linen,
of variable  length and breadth,  the middle  of
which  is attached, at right angles, to the extre-
mity of another strip, also of variable length and
breadth.  When two such  strips are attached, at
a distance from each other, the bandage is  called
a double T.  This bandage is used, principally,
for supporting the dressings after the  operation
for fistula in ano, in diseases of the perinaeum,
groin,  anus, &c.
  T Fascia, T  Bandage.
  TABAC, Nicotiana tabacum—t. des Savoyards,
Arnica montana—t.  des Montagues, Arnica mon-
tana— t. des Vosges, Arnica montana.
  TABACUM,  Nicotiana tabacum.
  TAB'ANUS, called, by the voyagettrs, Bulldog.
A troublesome fly  in the Hudson's Bay territory,
which  makes a perforation like a leechbite, from
which  it sucks the blood.
  TARARZET, Saccharum album.
  TAB'ASHEER, Tabaschir,  Tabaxir.  A sub-
stance  found in the knots of the bamboo, in the
East Indies,  as a consequence  of a morbid condi-
tion of the part.   It is distinguished for its great
proportion of silicic acid, in combination with a
small quantity of mineral and vegetable matters ;
as well as for its  slight refractive  property.  It
has been used in obstruction of the bowels.  The
)6               TABELL-E

 history, it means a  methodical arrangement  of
 objects for the purpose of facilitating their study.
 System is, however,  sometimes used in  an unfa-
 vourable  sense  in  physical science, and often
 means, — a  purely  gratuitous  supposition,   by
 which the march of nature is attempted to  bo
 universally explained, and to  which every thing
 is made to bend.   In anatomy, system  is an as-
 semblage of organs, composed of the same tissues,
 and intended for  similar functions; for instance,
 the nervous system, muscular system, &c.
   SYSTEMA,  System — s. Vasorum,  Vascular
 system.
   SYS'TEMATISM.  A  method,  according  to
 which every fact of  a science is collected around
 an opinion, true or false.  One who reduces things
 to such a method is called a Sys'tematist.
   SYSTEMATIST,  see Systematism.
   SYSTEMATOL'OGY,  Systernatolog'l'a, from
 avorripa, 'system,' and Xoyos, 'a discourse.'  The
 doctrine or a treatise of systems.
   SYSTEME VASCULA1RE A SANG NOIR,
 see Vascular — s. Vasculaire  d  sang  rouge, see
 Vascular.
   SYS'TEMIC.  Belonging to the general sys-
 tem— as  'systemic circulation' in  contradistinc-
 tion  to the 'pulmonic.'
   SY'S'TOLE.   Same etymon as  Systaltic.  Sys-
 tal'sis,  Constric'tio,  Contrac'tio  seu Angueta'tio
 seu Snbmissio  seu Mica'tio cordis. The move-
 ment of constriction or contraction of  the heart,
 to give impulse to the blood, or to cause its pro-
 gression.  It  is  opposed to the  Diastole of the
 organ.
   SYS'TOLIC, Systol'ictis,  (¥.) Systolique ; same
 etymon.  Relating to the systole of the heart,—
 as 'systolic  murmur.'
   SYZYGIUM NERVORUM, Par nervorum.
sweet juice  of the bamboo stalks has also been
called Tabasheer.
  TABEFACTION, Emaciation.
  TABEFY, Emaciate.
  TABEL'LA,  Tab'ula,  Tabula'tum,  Lozan'ga,
Lozan'gia,  Mor'sulus,  Morsellus,  Lozenge,  Tes-
sella, (F.)  Tablette,  'a  small  table.'  A solid
medicine, composed of a powder, sugar, and mu-
cilage,  Electua'riiim  sol idum;  and  generally
shaped like  a disk.   See Pastil, and Troch.  The
three comprise the Saccharolis solides.
  Tabella, Table.
  TABELLiE  ABSORBENTES,  T.  de  Mag-
nesia.
  Tabella  Ac"lDI Oxai/ici, T. ad sitem,  Lo-
zenges of Oxalic Acid.  (Acid, oxalic. ^j> sacch.
alb.  3Jss, ol. limonis, gtt. xviij seu gtt. xij.  Make
into  lozenges with mucilage of gum tragacanth.
Ph.  P.)  Lozenges are  made  in  the same way
with the citric and tartaric  acids.  They  are re-
frigerant.
  Tabella  de  Altha'a,  Lozenges of  Marsh-
malloivs.  (Rod. althaa pulv., 3~iss, sacchar. alb.
pulv. 3ivss; f. massa.  Ph. P.)  Demulcent; ex-
pectorant.
  Tabella  Antimonia'les  Kuncke'lii, T. de
stib'ii sulphure'to, Lozenges of Suljrlluret of Anti-
mony, Mor'suli antimonia'les seu stibii seu atibi-
a'ti,   Trochis'ci   stibiati.  (Amygdal. dnlc.  3J>
sacch. Ibss,  sem.  cardam., cinnam. jutlr., suljth.
T. 
TABERNA  MEDICA          897
 antim.  prapar., aa  3);  flant tabella?.   Ph. P.
 Each  to weigh 10  grains.)  Recommended in
 cutaneous diseases, blennorrhagia, arthritic pains,
 <fec.  Dose, 4 or more.
   Tabella ad Ardorem Ventriculi, Trochisci
 carbonatis calcis —t. Cardialgica?, Trochisci car-
 bonatis calcis.
   Tabella de Cat'echu  et  Magne'sia, Lo-
 zenges  ofi Catechu and Magnesia, (¥.) Ttiblettes de
 cachou et de magnisie. (P. catech. ^vj, p. magnes.
 §iv, p. cinnam. £iij, sacch. alb. ibss, g. tragac.
 gr.  xij, aq.  cinnam. q. s. ut f. massa.   Ph. P.
 Each  to weigh 12 gr.)   Antacid, absorbent, and
 stomachic.   Dose, 5  to 10 lozenges.
   Tabella Cincho'na, T. de kind kind,  Bark
 Lozenges.   (Ext. cinchon. sice. 3*ss, sacch. 3*iv,
 cinnam. ^ss, mucilag. g.  trag. q. s. ut f. massa.
 Ph. P.)  Tonic.
   Tabella de Citro  et Diacarthamo, T. de
 Scammonio  et Senna.
   Tabella de Ferro,  Steel lozenges,  Tabula
 martiales seu  inetauratltea  seu  antichlorolica.
 (Ferri limat. porphyriz.  3*ss, p. cinnam. £j, p.
 sacch.  3*v,  g.  trag. et aq. cinnam.  q. s.,  ut fiat
 massa.  Each lozenge to weigh 12  gr.  Ph. P.)
 Tonic, stomachic  Dose,  v to x.
   Aromatic  lozengea ofi ateel.  These consist of
 sulphate of iron, with a small proportion of the
 Tincture of  Cantharidea.
   Tabella de Kina Kina, T. cinchona?.
   Tabella de Magnesia,  T. obsorben'tes,  Mag-
 nesia  lozenges.   (Magnes.  3J, sacchar. alb.  3*iv,
 mt/c?7.  g. tragac. q. s.   Ph.  P.)   Absorbent'and
 antacid.
   Tabella de Rheo, Rhubarb lozenges.   (P.
 rhej. ^ss, sacch. %v, mucilag.  gum.  tragac. q. s.  ;
 f. massa.  Each to contain. ,12 grains.  Ph. P.)
 Stomachic and  laxative.
   Tabelli: de  Scammo'nio et Senna Compos'-
 ita, T. de  citro et diacar'thamo, Compound lo-
 zenges  of scammony and senna.  (Scammon. ^iij,
 Senna  ^ivss,  rhej.  giss, caryojrh.  %j,  corticis
 limon.  confect. 3*j, sacch. £vj ; f. massa.  Ph. P.)
 Purgative.   Dose,  5J'j to 15vj, or more.
   Tabella  ad Sitem, T. acidi  oxalici —  t. ad
 Sodam, Trochisci carbonatis calcis — t. de Stibii
 sulphureto, T.  antimoniales Kunckelii.
   Tabellte  de  Sul'phure Sim'plices,  Simple
 suljihur lozenges.  (Sulphur  lot. t^ss, sacch.  3*iv,
 ???»ic. g. tragac. cum aqu& ros& praepar. q. s.  Ph.
 P.)  Expectorant,  demulcent,  <fcc.   Used  in dis-
 eases of the  chest, and  in cutaneous affections.
 Dose, a lozenge.
   Tabella  de  Sulph'ure  Compos'ita,   Com-
 pound  suljihur  lozenges.  (Sulph. lot. £ij,  acid.
 benzoic, gr.  xij,  rad.  irid. p.  5Jss, ol. anisi, gtt.
 viij, sacch. 3*vss, g. trag. q. s. Ph. P.) Aperient,
 expectorant, and stimulant [?].  Dose, 4 a day.
   TABERNA  MEDICA, Pharmacopolium.
   TABERNJEMONTANA U'TILIS, (after Ta-
 bernaemontanus, a German botanist.) A tree of
 British  Guiana, of the family Apocynaceae, called,
 by the  natives, Hya-Hya,  the  bark  and pith of
 which yield a milk, which  is used  by the savages
 as a refreshing drink.
   TABES, Maras'mus Tabes, Tabum, from tabere,
 'to decay;'  Te'kerlon,  Atrophia, Tab'idness, De-
 cline, Wasticg.   Emaciation of the  whole body,
 with general languor, hectic fever,  and, for the
 most part, depressed spirits.
  Tabes, Atrophy, Phthisis—t. Coxaria, Ischio-
 phthisis — t.  Diabetica, Diabetes mellitus—t. Di-
 uretica, Diabetes mellitus.
  Tabes Dorsa'lis,  T. Dorsnalis,  Marrrs'mtts
 tabes dorsa'lis,  Phthisis no'tias seu dorsa'lis seu
 sicca, Myclophthi'sis, Myelatroph'ia,  Myelanalo'-
»?"», Tabes ossis  sacn.  A  wasting of the  body,
attended at first with  a pain in the back or loins,
nnd afterwards in the neck or head,— caused, it
      57
 has been  conceived, by too early or too frequent
 addiction  to venery.
   Tabes Glandularis,  T. mesenterica, Scrofula
 — t. Ischiadica, Ischiophthisis — t. Lactea, Atro-
 phia lactantium, see Galactia.
   Tabes Mesenter'ica, T. glandula'ris seu scro-
 fiulo'sa, Atrophia mesenterica  seu infant'tint seu
 glandularis seu infantilis seu dorsi, Parahys'ma.
 mesenter'icum, Ma'cies Infan'tum, Padatrojillia.
 Scrofula  seu Rachialgia seu Physco'nia mesen-
 terica, Myelophthi'sis  sicca, Febris hec'tica in-
 fan'tum, Phthieia  mesrira'ico, Mesenterophthlsis,
 MesenterIc^Diseaae, (¥.) Carreau, Chartre, Scro-
 fiules  ou Ecronelles misentiriques, Etisie  ou Ro-
 chialgie ou Atrophie ou  Physconie  misentiriqne,
 Entiro-misentirite, Tubercules des ganglions  mi-
 sentiriques, Phthisie misentiriqne.   An  engorge-
 ment  and  tubercular degeneration of the  mesen-
 teric glands, followed by emaciation and general
 disorder of the nutritive functions.   The  disease
 is often owing to inflammation or irritation ofthe
 lining membrane of the intestines, giving occa-
 sion to enlargement of the glands of the  mesen-
 tery,—as injury to the upper or lower extremities
 causes inflammation, and  enlargement  of  the
 lymphatic glands  of  the axilla and groin.  It
 occurs, particularly, in children of a scrofulous
 diathesis ; and in those who are weaned too earlv,
 or fed on indigestible substances.   Diarrhoea,
 emaciation,  anorexia,  or immoderate  appetite;
 hardness and  swelling of  the  abdomen;  and,
 towards the  end,  hectic fever,  are the  chief
 symptoms of  this  affection;  the  prognosis of
 which is unfavourable.   On opening tbe  bodies
 of those who die  of the  disease, the mesenteric
 glands are found  disorganized, tubercular, or in
 a more or less  advanced state  of  suppuration.
 The treatment  is  the  same  as  in scrophulosis.
 Frictions may be added  over the abdomen and
 spine;  and mercury, in small doses, so as to ex-
 cite  a  new action in the system.  The food must
 be easy of  digestion,  and  the  bowels  be kept
 soluble.
   Tabes   Nutricum,  Atrophia  lactantium,  see
 Galactia — t. Ossis  sacri, Tabes dorsalis — t. Pec-
 torea,  Rachitis — t. Pulmonalis, Phthisis  pulmo-
 nalis— t. Serofulosa, T. mesenterica—t. Senum,
 Marasmus senilis.
   TABESCERE, Emaciate.
   TABID, Tab'idus, (¥.) Tabide.  Same etymon
 as Tabes.  Relating or  appertaining to  tabes.
 Wasted by disease.
   TABIDNESS. Tabes.
   TABIFTC,  Tabificus,  (¥.)  Tabifique,  from
 tabes,  'consumption,'  and facere,  'to  make.'
 That which causes  consumption or phthisis.
   TABLE, Tab'nla, Tabella, Tabid a'turn,  Lam'-
 ina,  Paries,  Squama.   A  name given  to the
 plates  of compact tissue, which  form the  bones
 of the cranium.  Of these, one is external; tbe
 other internal, and  called Tob'ula vitrea,  on ac-
 count of its brittleness.
   TABLES  DE MORTALITE, Mortality,
 bills of.                                  _  *
  TABLET,  Trochiscus—t. Votive, Tabula vo-
 tiva.
   TABLETTE, Tabella.
   TABLETTES DE  CACHOU ET DE MAG-
 NESIE, Tabella? de catechu et magnesia.
   TABLIER, Vcntrale cutaneum.  '
   TABOURET, Thlaspi bursa.
  TABULA,  Tabella, Table.
  Tab'ula Voti'va,  Votive  tablet.   A  tablet,
 hungup as an offering — arlathe'ma — in the an-
cient temples by the sick, descriptive  of  their
diseases, and  mode  of cure; or by those who had
been preserved from some calamity.
  Tabula Antichlorotic.e, Tabella? de ferro — 
TABULATUM              898                   TAL
t. Instaurantes, Tabellae  de ferro — t.  Martiales, I
Tabellae de ferro.
  TABULATUM, Tabella, Table.
  TABUM, Ichor, Sanies, Tabes.
  TAC, Influenza.
  TACAMAHACA,   Fagara  octandra —t.  Ca-
ragna, Caranna.
  TACCA OCEANICA, see Arrowroot, (Tahiti.)
  TACHE, Macula.
  TACHE  CEREBRALE,  Tache miningitique.
A red mark or stain, observable in a large num-
ber of hydrocephalic children, when pressure  is
made on the skin.— Trousseau.
  TACHE   EMBRYONNAIRE,  'Embryonic
spot;' Cu'mulus, C. germinati'vus sen prolig" ems,
A'rea germinati'va,  Nu'cleus  cicatric'ula  seu
blastoderm'atis,  Ger'minal  cu'mulus.   A  name
given  by M. Coste to a spot  seen  on the blasto-
derma about the end of the first week, from which
the development of the embryo proceeds.
  According to Bischoff, the blastodermic vesicle
consists  here of a double layer, (F.) Feuillet —
the upper one the  serous or animal;  the  lower,
the mucous or vegetative; and  between  these  is
afterwards formed the vascular layer.
  TACHE  GERM1NATIVE, see Molecule— t.
Milanienne,  see Naevus — t. Miningitique,  Tache
ciribrale—t. de Naissance, Naevus—(. Sanguine,
see Naevus.
  TACHENCAUSIS,  Combustion, human.
  TACHES HEPATIQUES, Chloasma.
  TACHES  LAITEUSES,  Plaques  laiteuses,
' milky spots or patches.'  White spots occasion-
ally seen on  the heart,  and regarded by  many
pathologists  as  the  results of previous  pericar-
ditis.
  TACHES  DE ROUSSEUR,  Ephelides — *.
Rouges, Spots, red.
   TACHETE DE  ROUSSEURS, see  Ephe-
lides.
  TACHYIA'TER,  Tachyia'trus.   Same etymon
as the next.   One who cures speedily.
  TACHYIATRI'A, from raXvs,  'quick,'  and
tarpeia, ' healing.'  The art of curing quickly.
  TACH'YTOMY,  Tachytom'ia, from  raxvs,
'quick,'  and ropn, 'incision.'  The art of cutting
or operating rapidlv.
  TACITUR'NITY. Tacitur'nitas,Sige, 'silence,'
from tacere, taciturn, ' to be silent.'  ' State of a
person who does not speak.'   Morbid taciturnity
sometimes exists as a symptom of the neuroses,
especially of melancholy.
  TACT, Tactus, from tangere, factum, 'to touch.'
A modification  of  the sense  of touch.  Passive
judgment by tbe cutaneous nerves regarding bo-
dies exterior to the skin.  Tact is passive: Touch,
active.
  TACTILE, Tac'tilis;  same etymon.  Relating
or appertaining to touch.
  TACTION, Touch.
  TACTUS, Tact, Touch—t. Dolorificus, Hapto-
dysphoria — t. Eruditus, see Palpation.
  TAE,  Digitus pedis.
  T.EDA, Teda, Das, tints, 'a torch.'  A term
used  for a medicine employed under the form of
fumigation, pessary, or troch.
  T^E'NIA,  Te'nia, Fas'cia, from raivia,  'a fillet,
a riband.'  See Bandage.  Also a genus of intes-
tinal worms, characterized by an elongated, flat-
tened, and*articulated body, with  four suctorial
oscula on the head.  Of  this genus, two  only in-
habit the human body—the Tania lata, (see  Bo-
thriocephalus latus,) and  Tania solium.
  Tania Acephala, Bothriocephalus latus—t. d
Anneaux courts, Bothriocephalus latus — t.  d  An-
neattx  longs.  Taenia solium — t. Articulos derait-
tens, Taenia solium—t.Cucurbitina.  Taenia solium
— t. Dentata, Bothriocephalus fatus — t. Grisea,
l' Bothriocephalus latus — t. Hippocampi,  Corpora
 fimbriata—t. Humana armnta, Ttenia  solium—t.
 Humana inermis,  Bothriocephalus  latus—t. lly-
 datigena,  Hydatid — t. Lata,  Bothriocephalus
 latus—t. a Longues articulations, Taenia solium—
 t. Membranacea, Bothriocephalus latus — t. Ner-
 vosa Halleri, Ganglion  of Gasser — t.  Non arme,
 Bothriocephalus latus — t.  Osculis lateralibus ge-
 minis, Bothriocephalus latus—t. Osculis  laterali-
 bus  solif.ariis, Bothriocephalus latus — t. Osculis
 marginalibus solitariis, Taenia solium—t. Osculis
 superficialibus, Bothriocepalus latus — t. Prima,
 Bothriocephalus latus — t. Sans ipine,  Ttenia so-
 lium — t. Secunda, Taenia solium.
    T-enia Semicircula'ris,  T. stria'ta, Gem'inum
 centrum  semicircula're, Limbus poste'rior cor'po-
 ds stria'ti, Stria cor'nea  seu  semiluna'res seu
 termina'les, Fra'milum  novum, Fascia  semicircu-
 la'ris, (¥.) Bandelette  des  iminences  pyrifomes
 (Ch.), Bandelette, B. demicirculaire, Lame corrtie.
 A medullary, grayish, semitransparent layer, situ-
 ate in the groove that separates the thalamus op-
 ticus from  the corpus striatum in the lateral ven-
 tricle.
    Tania So'lium, T. os'eulis marginalibus soli.
 ta'riis seu  cucurbiti'na seu httma'na arma'ta seu
 artic'ulos demit'tens seu secuilda, Hal ysis solium,
  Vermis cucurbiti'nus, Lumbri'cus latus,  So'lium,
  Tinia sans ipine  ou d longues articulations ou <)
 anneaux longs, Ver  solitaire ou cucurbitin, Long
  Tape Worm, has  an almost hemispherical, dis-
 crete head; an obtuse beak; the neck full ante-
 riorly;  all the joints slightly obtuse, the anterior
 very short; the next almost square, and the rest
 oblong;  the marginal  foramina vaguely alter-
 nated.  The taenia solium is commonly a few feet
 long: sometimes its  length is  enormous. It is
 said to have  been met with 600 feet long.  It
 principally inhabits  the small  intestines, and is
 not  common.  The  oil of turpentine, in some
 form, largely  exhibited,  is  perhaps  the  best
 remedy.
    Tania Striata, T. semicircularis — t. Tarini,
 Lamina cornea—t. Tenella, Bothriocephalus latus
 — t. Vulgaris, Bothriocephalus latus.
    TiENIACIDE,  Taeniafuge.
    TuENIvE COLI, see Colon —t. Valsalvae  Coli,
 see Colon.
    TjE'NIAFUGE, Ta'nifuge, Ta'tiiacide, Ta'ni
 cide, Taniafuguni,  from  tania,  and fiugo, ' I
 drive off.'  A remedy calculated to expel or de-
 stroy taenia.
    TiE'NICIDE, from tania, and cado,  'I kill.'
 A destroyer of taenia or tapeworm.
    TvENIFUGE, Taeniafuge.
    TjE'NIOLA, Bandelette ; diminutive of Taenia.
 Used by Gerber for a simple,  band-like, or fiat
 fibre. Filum taniafiorm'e, seen  under the micro-
 scope.
    TAFFETAS AGGLUTINATIF,  Sparadra-
 pum adhaesivum — t. d'Angleterre, see Sparadra-
 pum adhsesivum — t. Ejiispastique, Sparadrapum
 vesicatorium—t. Gommi, see Sparadrapum ad-
 haesivum— t.  Visicant, Sparadrapum  vesicato-
 rium.
    TAFIA, Rum.
    TAIE, see Caligo.
    TAILLADE, Incision, see Entaille.
    TAILLE, Lithotomy — t. Hypoyastriqye, Hy-
 pogastric operation  of lithotomy, see Lithotomy
 — t. Postirieitre, see Lithotomy—t. Rccto-visicale,
 see Lithotomy — t. par le Rectum, see Lithotomy
 — 1. Sus-pnbiinne, see Lithotomy.
    TAKAMAHAKA, Fagara octandra.
    TAKE, Attack.
   TAKEN DOWN, see Attack.
   TAKING, see Contagious.
   TAL.  A word  formerly  employed  for alkali.
 It also meant the dung of the peacock. 
TALC  EARTH             8?
  TALC  EARTH, Magnesia.
  TALCUM NEPHRI TICUM, Nephrcticus
lapis.                                         i
  TALEN'TUM, raXavrov.  An ancient weight
equal to  51 pounds, 2 oz.,  5  dr., and 24 grains.
Poids de Mare.  See AV eights and Measures.
  TALEOLUS. Malleolus.
  TALIACOTIAN  OPERATION, Rhinoplasty.
  TAL1NUM UMBELLATUM, see Mistura.
  TALIPES, Kyllosis (Clubfoot) — t. Calcaneus,
see Kyllosis—t. Equinus, see Kyllosis—t. Valgus,
see Kyllosis — t. Varus, see Kyllosis.
  TALLAHATTA   SPRINGS,  see  Alabama,
mineral waters of.
   TALON, see Calcaneum.
  TALPA,  ' a  mole.'   Topina'ria,  Tujtina'ria,
 Ttiljra'ria, Testu'do, (¥.) Taupe.  A tumour situ-
nte  on the head, which has been  supposed to
burrow like a mole.
  TALPARIA, Talpa.
  TALUS, Astragalus, Malleolus, see Calcaneum.
 Pessary.
  TAMARA CONGA, Averrhoa carambola.
   TAMARiEA ZECLA, Tamarindus.
   TA MARIN, Tamarindus.
   TAMARIN'DI PULPA, Pulp ofi Tamarinds,
 (Tamarinda, q. s.   Digest them  with  a  small
 quantity of water, until they become of a uniform
 consistence; then  separate  the seeds and fila-
 ments, by pressing through a hair-sieve. Ph. U. S.)
   TAMARINDS. PULP OF, Tamarindi pulpa.
   TAMARIN'DUS,  T. In'dica,  Tliamariudtts,
 Oxyploe'uicon,  Siliqua Arab'ica,  Balampulli,
 Ta ma res''a zccla, Oxyphoeni'cia, Aca'cia In'dica,
 Tamarind tree, (¥.) Tamarin. Ord. Leguminosae.
 Sex. Syst. Triandria Digynia.   The pulp  of the
 tamarind with the seeds connected by numerous
 tough strings, Tamarindus  (Ph.  U.  S.), is  ex-
 ported from the West Indies, preserved in  syrup.
 It  is refrigerant and  laxative.  Tamarind whey
 is made  by boiling 3'j  of the pulp with Tbiss of
 inilk.   When strained, it is  used as a diluent in
 fever.
   TAMARTSCUS, Tamarix  Gallica.
   TAM'ARIX, T. Gal'lica seu Pentan'dra,  Ta-
 maris'cus.  The  Tamarisk tree.  Ord. Tnmaris-
 cineae.  Sex. Syst. Pentandria  Pentagynia.   The
 bark,  wood, and leaves were formerly employed
 medicinally: — the former for  its  aperient  and
 corroborant virtues, in obstructions  of the liver;
 the latter in icterus, haemoptysis, and some cu-
 taneous affections.
    TAMBOUR, CAVITE DU, Tympanum.
   TAMPA BAY, see Saint Augustine.
   TAMPON, see Plugging.
    TA MPONXEMENT. Plugging.
   TAMUS COMMU'NIS,  Am'jielos mela'na  (Di-
 oscorides),  Chiro'nia,  Gynacan'the  seu Apro'nia
 (Pliny), Bryo'nia nigra, Common Black Bry'ony.
 The root is diuretic, and  has  been given as an
 antilithic  In the  herb-shops  of  Europe, it  is
 sold as a topical application  for removing  bruise
 marks, and in France is called Herbe aiix femmes
 battues;  'herb for beaten or bruised women.'
   TANACE'TUM, T. vulga're. Tana.'sia, Athana'-
 sia,  Parthe'nium  mas.  Hind-heel,  Tansy,  (¥.)
 Tanaisie rufgaire, Herbe aux  vers,  Coq des Jar-
 dins.  Ord. Compositae.   Sex.  Syst. Syngenesia
 Polygamia.  The  leaves  and   flowers of tansy
 have a peculiar, strong odour, and warm bitter
 taste.   They are tonic, deobstruent [?], and an-
 thelmintic. " Dose, Jss to ,"j.   The  infusion  is
 usually drunk as ten.
   Tanace'tum  Balsami'ta, T. hortetlse, Balsa-
 mita mas seu vulga'ris seu suav'eolens seu  major,
 Costus horto'rum, Mentha Roma'na seu Saraceil-
ica, Costmary,  Alecost, Cock-mint, (¥.) Menthe
coq, Herbe  an  coq, Grand Baume.  A fragrant-
smelling herb, somewhat  resembling mint,  and
9            TARANTISMUS
 formerly much esteemed as a corroborant, carmi-
 native, and emmenagogue.
   Tanacetum  Houtense, T. balsamita.
   Tanace'tum Multiflo'rum.  A South African
 plant, which  is used as  a  tonic, antispasmodic
 and anthelmintic. It is given in flatulency, gout,
 amenorrhcea and dropsy : but is especially pre-
 scribed in cases  of ascarides  lumbricoides and
 other entozoa.  It is administered in the form of
 powder or infusion ;  the latter acting also  as a
 diaphoretic and  diuretic.  It is used  likewise as
 a resolvent and anodyne fomentation.
   TANAISIE VULGAIRE, Tanacetum.
   TANASIA, Tanacetum.
   TANGE,  rayyn,  'rancidity.'  A  putrescent
 tumour.
   TANGHINIA, Cerbera tanghin.
   TANGLES, BIG, Pila marina—t.  Blue, Gay-
 lussacia dumosa.
   TANINUM, Tanninum.
   TANNIC  ACID, Tannin.
   TANNICUM  PURUM, Tannin.
   TANNIN,  from (F.)  tanner, ' to tan.'  Tan'-
 nicum purum,  Tanni'num, Tanlnum, Princijt'ittm
 Adstringens  seu Scytodep'sicum seu  Byrsodep'-
 sicum seu Coria'ceum,  Scytodep'sium,  Mate'ria
 Scytodejth'ica,Acidum Tatlnicum sen Scytodeph'i-
 cum seu Quercitatlnicum, Tannic acid, (¥.) Acide
 tanniqne.  A principle  obtained from oak  bark
 and  other astringent  vegetables, so called  from
 its forming the principal agent in the process of
 tanning.   Pure tannin,  obtained  from  galls,  by
 the action of ether, (see Ph. U. S.) has been em-
 ployed as an  excellent  and powerful astringent.
 Dose, two grains, repeated several times a day.
   TANSY, Tanacetum — t. Wild, Potentilla an-
 serina.
   TAPER, HIGH, Verbascum nigrum.
   TAPE'TUM, Tapes, Tape'te, 'tapestry,a carpet.'
    Tape'ttim   choroidea.   A  shining  spot,  on
 the outside of the optic  nerve, in the eyes of cer-
 tain animals, which is owing  to the absence of
 the pigmentum nigrum, occasioning the reflection
 of a portion  of the  rays  from  the membrana
 Ruyschiana.   Its use appears to be, by reflecting
 the  rays, to cause a double impression on the
 retina, and thus add to the intensity of vision.
    Tapetum, see Corpus Callosum.
    Tapetum Alve'oli, M^embra'na exter'na  den'-
 tium.  The  outer membrane of the teeth.  The
 lining membrane or periosteum of  the alveoli.
    TAPEWORM, BROAD, Bothriocephalus latus
 — t. Long. Taenia solium.
    TAPIOCA, see Jatropha manihot — t. Pearl,
 see Jatropha manihot.
    TAPSUS BARBATUS, Verbascum nigrum.
    TAPSARIA,  Decoctum hordei.
    TAR, see Pinus sylvestris — t. Barbadoes, Pe-
 troleum.
    Tar Beer, see Pinus sylvestris.
    Tar, Mineral, Pissnsphnltum.
    Tar Water, see Pinus sylvestris—t. Wine, see
 Pinus sylvestris.
    TAR'ACHE,  Tarax'is, Tarag'ma, Tarag'mus,
 ' disorder.'  A disorder of  sight  which arises
 from a blow, compression of the eye. or the action
 of dust, smoke or other external cause.  By some,
 it is understood to signify mild or incipient oph-
 thalmia.
    Tapani? rrjs KoiXtas, ' disturbance of the belly.'
 Diarrhoea.
   TARAGMA, Tarache.
    TARA(JMUS, Tarache.
    TARAGON. Artemisia dracunculus.
    TARAHO,  Peltandra Virginica.
   TARANTISM'US, Tarentis'mus,  Tarantalis'-
 | ?»n«,  Dinoma'nia,  Chore'a  Sancti   Valentin!,
  Taren'tulism,  Tar'antism,  from   Tarentnm,   or
il Taranto,  where it was  observed.  A feigned  or 
TARANTULA
900
TATZ&
imaginary  disease  in  Apulia, characterized  by
excessive avidity for dancing at the sound of in-
struments,  and which  was ascribed, by the  vul-
gar, to the bite of the tarantula.  A sort of taran-
tismus, considered peculiar to Africa, and believed
to be spontaneous, has  been called Tarentismus
Tangita'nus, Janoti-tarentisme,
   TARAN'TULA.  Same etymon.  Taren'tula,
(¥.) Tarcntule.  A species of spider—the Ara'nctt
Tarentula  of Linnaeus, Lyco'sa Tarentula of La-
treille—whose bite has been  looked  upon as dan-
gerous.  Music has been thought to cure it.
   TARASCON,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.
Chalybeate springs in  the department of Arriege,
France.  They contain iron  and carbonic acid.
   TARANACUM,  Leontodon   taraxacum — t.
Dens leonis, Leontodon  taraxacum.
   TARAXIS, Tarache,  see Ophthalmia.
   TARCHON SYLVESTRIS, Achillea ptarmica.
   TARENTISMUS,   Tarantismus  —  t.  Tangi-
tanus, Tarantisinus.
   TARENTULA, Tarantula.
   TARENTULISM, Tarantismus.
   TARGAR, Juniperus  communis.
   TARI.  Palm or cocoa wine, from which sugar
was obtained, called Jagre.  It was once used as
a tonic.
   TARI'NI PONS, (F.) Pont de Tarin.  A cine-
ritious substance, between  the corpora albicantia,
which unites the  crura and assists in  forming
the bottom of the  third ventricle.  The fossa, at
the bottom of which  it  is  placed, is called Locus
perfora'tus posticus, Posterior perforated space,
Substantia seu Lam'ina perfora'ta paste'rior.
   TARO,  Arum esculentum.
   TARSAL, Tar'sens, from  tarsus,  (¥.) Tarsien.
That which relates to  the tarsus.
   Tarsal Articulations result from the union
of the bones of the tarsus with each other.
   TAR'SEA  LATA  (LIGAMENTA).  Three
ligaments,  described  by Winslow as   stretching
from tbe edge of the orbit  to  that of the tarsi,
with which, he  thought, they formed  a complete
layer of the eyelids.   Zinn could not  trace the
ligaments  all the way to the tarsi;  whilst Haller
 doubted altogether their ligamentous texture, and
 Zeis regards them  as merely areolar substance.
   TARSEUS, Tarsal.
   TARSO, in composition, belonging  or relating
 to the tarsus.
   TARSO-METATAR'SAL, Tarso-metatar'seus.
 That which relates to tarsus and metatarsus.
   Tarso-Metatarsal  Articulations are those
 between the bones of the second row of the tarsus
 and the metatarsal bones.  The term  Tarso-nte-
 tatarsal is likewise applied to ligaments connected
 with these joints, some  of which are dorsal, and
 others plantar.
    TARSO-META TA RSI-PHALANGIEN DU
 POUCE,  Adductor pollicis  pedis—t. Phalangien
 dn  pouce, Flexor brevis pollicis  pedis — t. Sous-
 phalaugien du petit orteil, Flexor brevis  minimi
 digiti pedis—t. Sous-phalangettien du premier or-
 teil, Flexor brevis pollicis pedis.
   TARSOPHY'MA,  from  Tarsus,  and  tpvpa, 'a
 tumour.'  A swelling of the tarsus.
   TARSORRHAPHY, Tarsorraph'ia, from tar-
 sus, ' the  tarsal  cartilage,' and pa<pn, ' suture.'
 An operation  for diminishing  the size of the
 opening between the  eyelids, when it is enlarged
 by surrounding cicatrices.
   TARSOT'OMY, Tarsotom'ia, from  tarsus, and
 to/???, ' incision.'   The section or removal of the
 tarsal cartilages.
   TARSUS, rapaos, Planta prima seu Rasse'ta seu
 Rasce'ta jtedt's, Pe'dium, Clavic'ula pedis nodus.
 1. The  posterior part  of the foot.  The tarsus
 consists of 7 bones, arranged transversely in two
 rows, between which  amputation  is  sometimes
I performed.  The first or Tibial row, (F.)  Pre.
j mrh-e rangie, 11. jambiire, consists of tbe astra-
 galus and os calcis ; the second or metatarsal, (F.)
 Seconde  rangie, R. tnitatarsienne,  of the  sca-
 phoides,  cuboides, and three ossa  cuneiformia.
 2. The Tarai, Tarsal cartilages,  Tarsal fibro-car-
 tilages, Orchoi,  Crejtid'ines seu Coro'na seu  Che-
 la seu Un'gula  Palpebra'rum, Tharsi, Cilia, are
 two small cartilaginous layers, seated in the sub-
 stance of the free edge of each eyelid.  Tbe upper
 is larger  and broader than the lower.  Both  com-
 mence at the bifurcated extremity of the tendon
 of the orbicularis palpebrarum, and pass to the
 opposite  commissure  of the eyelids.  They are
 broader in  the middle than at their extremities.
   TARTAR, Antimonium tartarizatum (impro-
 perly),  Potassa? supertartras impurus—t. Cal-
 careous,  Potassae subcarbonas — t«-X'rystals  of,
 Potassa?  supertartras.
   Tartar  Emetic, Antimonium tartarizatum.
   Tartar, Salt of, see Potash, and Potassm sub-
 carbonas—t. Soluble, Potassae tartras, see Potash.
   Tartar  op the Teeth, Odontolithos.
   TARTA'REI MORBI.  A term employed  by
 Paracelsus to designate certain diseases which he
 attributed to tartar.
   TARTARI CRYSTALLI,  Potassae super-
 tartras.
   TARTARTC ACID, Ac'ldum tartaricum seu
 tartaro'sum seu  tar'tari essentiale, Acor tartar'-
 icus, Sal tartari essentiale, Tarta'reous acid, (¥.)
 Acide tartriqne.   (Potassa  bitart.  tbiiss, aq.
 destillat. few.,  cong.  iij. creta ppt. tbj,  acidi
 sulph. tbj.   Boil the bitartrate with two  gallons
 of the water, and gradually add  the prepared
 chalk, until no more bubbles appear; let the tar-
 trate  of lime subside ; then pour off  the fluid and
 wash the tartrate of lime with  distilled water,
 until  it is tasteless.  Pour upon it tbe sulphuric
 acid,  diluted with  a gallon  of  boiling  distilled
 water; and set the  mixture aside for 24 hours,
 occasionally stirring it.  Filter and evaporate it
 to crystallize.   /'//. L.)  It  is  refrigerant and
 antiseptic, but is chiefly used for making efferves-
 cent draughts with soda.
   TARTARUM, Potassae supertartras impurus—
 t. Solubile,  Potassae tartras — t. Vitriolatum, Po-
 tassa? sulphas.
   TARTARUS AMMONLE, Ammoniae tartras
 — t. Chalybeatus, Ferrum tartarizatum—t. Cru-
 dus, Potassae supertartras impurus — t. Dentium,
 Odontolithos — t. Emeticus,  Antimonium tartari-
 zatum—t. Kalicoferricus, Ferrum tartarizatum —
 t. Kalinus,  Potassa? tartras—t. Lixiviae, Potassa?
 tartras — t. Martialis, Ferrum  tartarizatum — t.
 Potassae ferruginosus,  Ferrum  tartarizatum — t.
 Stibiatus, Antimonium tartarizatum—t. Subpo-
 tassicus, Potassae supertartras—t. Superpotassicus,
 Potassae supertartras — t. Tartarizatus, Potassa?

    TARTRATE D'AMMONIAQUE, Ammonia?
 tartras.
    TARTRE BRUT, Potassae supertartras  impu-
 rus—t. Cnt, Potassae supertartras impurus—t. ties
  Dents, Odontolithos—t. Ernitique, Antimonium
 tartarizatum—t. Stibii, Antimonium tartarizatum.
    TASIS, Extension, Tension.
    TASTE, Gustos, Geusis, Geuma, Geuthmos, (F.)
  Go&t.  One ofthe five external senses, which in-
  structs us  of the savours of bodies,  and of  which
  the tongue is the principal organ.
    Gustation, Gustatio, is the exercise of this  fa-
  culty.   In disease, the  taste frequently becomes
  variously vitiated.  The nerves  of taste are pro-
  bably the  glosso-pharyngeal, and,  perhaps also,
  the lingual branch of the fifth pair.
    Taste,  Savour.
    TATZ'E.  The fruit of Myrslna Africa'na, a
  native of Abyssinia, the Cape of Good Hope, the 
TATTOOING              9
 Azores,  and Algeria,  which is  used as  a taenia-
 fuge.
   TATTOOTNG.  A  practice,  with  the South
 Sea Islanders, of puncturing the  skin, and forc-
 ing coloring matters into the punctures.   Sailors
 in all countries are in  the custom of practising it
 by rubbing or forcing  gunpowder into the punc-
 tures.  The figures, thus formed, remain through
 life.
    TA UPE, Talpa.
   TAUROCOL'LA, from  ravpos,  'a bull,'  and
 KoXXa, ' glue.'  Glue made of the ears and genitals
 uf the bull.  It was formerly much esteemed.
   TAURUS, Penis, Perineum.
   TAXIS, 'arrangement;'  from raooot, 'I order,'
 ' I arrange;' Rejtosil'io, Reduc'tio, Syntax'is.  A
 methodical pressure  exerted by  the  hand on a
 hernial  tumour, for the  purpose  of reducing it.
 This operation is generally easy in hernia?  that
 are free from adhesions, of small size,  and with a
 large opening into the sac; but it is very difficult
 and frequently impracticable in  those  that are
 adherent or strangulated.  To perform the taxis,
 the patient should be put in the horizontal  pos-
 ture, and in one in which the parietes of the ab-
 domen are relaxed.  The manual procedure va-
 ries in each species of hernia.   In all cases, too
 strong pressure of the parts must  be avoided ; as
 inflammation  and gangrene might be  induced.
 The displaced organs  must be pushed  into the
 abdomen,  according to  the direction of  the  axis
 of the hernial sac.  The  reduction is  sometimes
 favoured by  blood-letting  ad deli qui um; the
 warm bath; warm fomentations;  tobacco; emol-
 lient glysters ; and, at times, by cold applications,
 as  ice,  &c. In a case of strangulated  hernia,
 should the taxis fail,  an operation  becomes ne-
 cessary.
   TAXO'DIUM DIS'TICHUM, Cnjires'sus dis'-
 ticha, Schuber'tia dis'ticha, Cypress, Bald Cypress ;
 indigenous.   Nat. Ord. Conifera?.   A  balsam,
 obtained from  it, is applied to cuts  and  wounds.
 The resin from the cones is diuretic and carmina-
 tive.
   TAXONOMY, Biotaxy.
   TAXUS  BACCA'TA,  rafoy.   The  Yew tree,
 Smilax,  Smilas, Thym'alos,  (¥.) If.  Family, Co-
 nifera;.  Sex.  Syst.  Dicecia Monadelphia.   The
 ancients believed the  yew  to be poisonous ; but
 the fruit may be eaten  without  inconvenience.
 The leaves have been often  recommended in  epi-
 lepsy.  The resin, obtained from  the bark,  has
 been called albir.
   TAXUS  CANADEN'SIS,   American   Yew,
 Ground  Hemlock;  indigenous.   The  leaves are
 said to be  sedative.[?]
   TAX WAX,  see Nucha.
   TA YE,  Caligo.
   TAYLOR'S  REMEDY  FOR  DEAFNESS,
 see  Allium.
   TEA,  Thea—t. Apple, see Apple tea—t. Baha-
 ma, Lantana camara — t. Beef, see Beef tea — t.
 Berried. Gaultheria.
   Tea Berry, Gaultheria.
   Tea, Blankenheim,  see Galeopsis grandiflora
 —t. Brazil, Lantanapseudothea — t. Bushman's,
 Methyscophyllum glaucum—t. Caffre, Helichry-
 sum nudifolium—t. Chicken, see Chicken tea—t.
 Flaxseed, Infusum Lini compositum—t.  Ginger,
 Infusum Zingiberis—t.  Hottentots', Helichrysum
 serpyllifolium—t. Labrador, Ledum latifolium —
 t. Lemon-peel,  see Citrus medica—t. Lye, Phy-
 sick's, see  Fuligokali — t. Marsh,  Ledum palus-
 tre — t. .Mexico, Chenopodium ambrosioides — t.
 Mint, Infusum  menthae — t. Mountain, Gaulthe-
 ria—t. Mutton, see Mutton tea — t. New Jersey,
 Celastrus—t. Oswego, Monarda coccinea—t. Red-
berry, Gaultheria—t. Sassafras, Saloop — t. Slip-
pery elm, Infusum Lini compositum —  t. Soot, ,
01                   TELA
 see Fuligokali—t. South sea, Ilex vomitoria — t.
 Spanish, Chenopodium ambrosioides—t. Veal, see
 Veal tea.
   TEAK, Paronychia.
   TEAR, Sax.  teap, Lac'ryma, Lach'ryma, Lac'-
 ritna, Lac'ruma,  Dacry,  Dac'ryma,  Dac'ryon,
 Humor lacrymalis,  Eyedrop,  Weeping-tear,  (F'.)
 Larme.  An excrementitious humour, secreted by
 the  lachrymal gland, and poured  between the
 globe of the eye, and the eyelids, to facilitate tho
 motions of those parts.   The tears are saline, in-
 odorous, and colourless.   They turn  the syrup of
 violets  green ;  and  contain chloride of  sodium,
 with excess of base; phosphates of lime and soda,
 and albumen, and a special organic matter called
 Lac'ri/mine and Thranine.
   TEARS,  DEERS', Bezoar ofthe deer.
   TEASEL, CULTIVATED,  Dipsacus sylves-
 tris.
   TEASICK, Phthisis pulmonalis.
   TEAT, Nipple.
   TEAZEL, Eupatorium perfoliatum.
   TECEDON,  Phthisis.
   TECNOCTONIA, Infanticide.
   TECNOL'OGY,  Tecol'ogy, Tecnolog"ia, Teco-
 log"ia, from resvos and resos, 'a child,' and Xoyos,
 'a description.'  A  treatise on  children.
   TECOLITHOS, Judams (lapis.)
   TECO'xMA RADI'CANS, Bigno'nia radi'cans,
 Trurnjtet flower, Trumpet creeper,  Virginia creep-
 er.   Indigenous;  the orange and scarlet flowers
 appearing  in July.   Order,  Bignoniaccae.  The
 leaves are acrid.
   TECTARIA  CALAHUALA,  see Calagualoa
 radix — t. Ferruginea, see  Calaguala? radix.
   TEDA, Taeda.
   TEETH, see Tooth— t. Barred, Barries (Dents)
 —t. Eye, Canine teeth—t.  Jaw, Molar teeth —t.
 Milk, see Dentition—t. Neck of the, Collum den-
 tium — t. Shedding of the, see  Dentition—t. Vi-
 treous substance of the, Enamel of the teeth — t.
 Wisdom, see Dentition—t.  Wit, see Dentition.
   TEETHING, Dentition.
   TEGIMEN,  Integument.
   TEGMEN, Integument.
   TEG ULA HIBERNICA, Hibernicus lapis.
   TEGUMEN, Integument.
   TECUM EN T, Integument.
   TEGUMEN'TARY, Tegumental-iiis, (¥.)  Te-
 gumentaire.  Relating or appertaining to the in-
 tegument.
   TEGUMEN'TUM, Integument—t. Auris, see
 Tympanum — t. Ventriculorum cerebri,  Centre,
 oval, of the brain.
   TEIGNE, Pityriasis, Porrigo, Porrigo lupinosa
 —t.  Annulaire, Porrigo  scutulata—t. en Anneau,
 Porrigo  scutulata — t. Faveuse, Porrigo favosa—
 t.  Furfuracie, Porrigo furfurans—t. Nummulaire,
 Porrigo scutulata.
   TEINESMOS, Tenesmus.
   TEINODYN'f A ;  from retveiv, ' to extend,' and
 oSvvn, 'pain.'  Pain  ofthe sinews or  tendons.
   TEINOPHLOGO'SIS;   from  retvetv,  'to  ex-
 tend,' and tjiXoyorois,  ' inflammation.'   Inflamma-
 tion  ofthe sinews or tendons.
   TEINTURE, Tincture — ?. Ethirie,see Ethe-
 real—-1. Rnbefiante, Tinctura cantharidis.
   TEKEDON,  Tabes.
   TELA. Texture, Tissue — t. Accidentalis  .Me-
 dullaris, Encephaloid — t. Cavernosa, Cavernous
 texture—t. Cellulosa, Cellular tissue— t. Cornea,
 Corneous tissue—t. Choroidea, Choroidea  tela—t.
 Emplastica,  Sparadrapum—t. Erectilis, Erectile
 tissue— t. Fibrosa, see Fibrous—t. Galteri, Spa-
radrapum Galteri—t. Hippocratis  cribrosa, Cellu-
lar tissue—t. Hymenochondroides, Tissue, carti-
laginous—t. Hymenochondrodes,  Tissue,  cartila-
ginous—t. Iehthyocollse glutinans, see Sparadra- 
TELAMON                902               TEMPORAL
pum adhaesivum—t. Inodularis, Tissue, inodular
■—t. Organica, Histos — t. Vesicatoria, Sparadra-
pum vesicatorium.
  TELAMON. Habena.
  TELAMO'NES. reXapwves, 'bandages.'   Char-
pie,  used for wounds;  or linen  employed  for
bandages.
  TELANGECTASIS, Telangiectasia.
  TELANGIECTASIA, Telangiectasis,  Telan-
gec'tasis,  Angeiotelecta'sia,  Hamatotelangio'sis,
Hamotelangio' sis,   Angiccta'aia,   Anastomo'sis
aneitrysmalica ;  from nXos, ' far,' ayyeiov, ' ves-
sel,' ;>nd esraois, 'dilatation.' Dilatation of far or
capillary vessels.  Naevus  maternus.  Aneurism
by anastomosis.   According to some, fungus hae-
matodes.   See Ilaematodes fungus.
  Telangiectasia Oculi, Cirsophthalmus.
  TELEPH'IUM,   Ulcus telephium, Achille'um-
The ancients gave this  name  to  any ulcer of a
very bad kind, and difficult to  cure, because  the
wound, which Achilles inflicted on Telephus,  de-
generated into a similar ulcer.
  Telephium, Sedum telephium.
  TELLURISMUS, Magnetism, animal.
  TELLU'RIUM, (F.) Telltire ; from tellus,  tel-
luris, ' the earth.'  A metal first met with in  the
gold  mines  of  Transylvania.   It  is of a bluish
white colour, very  volatilizable: specific  gravity
6T15;  and  oxidizable in the air and by  heat.
  The salts of tellurium occasion the exhalation of
so disagreeable an alliaceous odour from the body,
that they have not been much experimented with
as therapeutical agents.
  TELUM,  Penis.
   TEMPE,  Temple.
  TEM'PERAMENT, Temperamen'tum, Temjter-
atu'ra,  Ternjiera'tio, Tempe'riea; from temporare,
' to  moderate,' originally from temptts, temporis,
' time,' the great tem/ierer ; Complex'io,  Crast's,
Ettcra'sia.   A name given to the remarkable  dif-
ferences that exist between  individuals, in conse-
quence of the variety of relations and proportions
between the constituent  parts ofthe body. Thus,
of old, it was supposed that, according to the pre-
dominance of any one of the four  humours then
generally admitted,—blood, lymph, bile, and atra-
bilis or black bile, — the manifestations of  the
functions were tempered or  modified so as to give
 rise to a sanguine, lymphatic, choleric, or atrabi-
 lious or melancholic, predominance or tempera-
 ment.  The idea of the existence of certain  of
 these humours has been banished ; yet the  influ-
 ence of some, as of the blood, lymph, and bile, is
 still admitted by many.  Too much influence has,
 doubtless, been  assigned to temperament in  the
 sense in which it was formerly and still is gener-
 ally understood, although  there can  be no  ques-
 tion  that  difference of  organization occasions a
 difference in the activity of organs.
   Temperament,  Bilious,  Choleric  tempera-
 ment.
   TEM'PERANCE,  Sophros'yne, Nephal'iotes,
 Sobrletas,  Sobriety.  Same  etymon.  Modera-
 tion, opposed to gluttony and drunkenness.   The
 advantage of temperance, in a hygienic point of
 view, requires no comment.
    TEMPERA NTS,  Sedatives.
   TEMPERATIO, Temperament.
   TEMPERATURA, Temperament.
   TEMPERIES, Temperament.
   TEMPLE, Tempus, Re'gio  Temporalis,  Crot'-
 ajihus, (¥.)  Temjie.  A  depression, on each  side
 ofthe head, between  the forehead and eye ante-
 riorly, and the ear posteriorly.   The temples, dis-
 tinguished into right  and  left, correspond to  the
 temporal fossa on each side.  The word is said to
 be from the Latin tempus, 'time,'  because in  this
| part the  hair  first begins to turn white, nnd  to
 indicate age.
   TEMPORAL,  Temporalis.  That which  re-
 lates to the temples.
   Temporal Aponeuro'sis is a very strong apo-
 neurosis, of a bluish, shining colour,  which  is at-
 tached to the  whole of  the  curved  line of the
 temporal bone; to the posterior edge  ofthe malar
 bone;  to the  superior  margin ofthe zygotnatio
 arch ;  and  forms an envelope for the temporal
 muscle.
   Temporal Arteries, Crot'aphite Arteries, are
 several: — I.  The Temporal Artery, properly  so
 called, arises from the outer side  of  the superior
 part of the external carotid.   It ascends between
 the ramus of the jaw, the meatus auditorius ex-
 ternus, and the parotid gland, which covers it  as
 far as the zygomatic arch. Above this it becomes
 subcutaneous; and, when  it has  attained the
 middle ofthe  temporal region, it divides into two
 branches; the one anterior—A. tern jtora'lis fron-
 talis seu interim seu ante'rior ;  the other poste-
 rior— the A.  temporalis  occipita'lis  seu exter'rnt
 seu  supe'rior.  The temporal artery, before its
 division, gives off, 1. Branches to the parotid;  to
 the joint of the lower jaw;  to the meatus  audi-
 torius, and to the  masseter.  2.  The transverse
 artery ofi the face.  3. The middle  temporal, which
 arises beneath.the cheek-bones, and traverses the
 temporal aponeurosis, immediately beneath that
 bone.  II. The Deejr-seated Terrlporals—A. tern-
 porales jtrofiun'da.  These  are  two  in number.
 They arise from the internal maxillary, and have
 been distinguished, from their position, into an-
 terior  and posterior.  They send their principal
 divisions to the temporal muscle.
   Temporal  Bone, Os tem'poris seu temjmra'le
 seu arcua'le seu  arma'le seu parieta'le. inferius
 seu crolaphum seu memen'to mori  seu mendo'-
 sum seu crtilajihilicum seu lapido'snm, is  seated
 at the lateral and inferior part of the cranium, of
 which it forms part; and contains, within it, the
 special organs of audition.  It is usually divided
 into three portions : — 1.  The squamous, Pars
 squamo'sa, Squama, Lepis'ma, Os lejitdoi'des seu
 squamo'sum seu squamtfor'me, (¥.) Portion icail-
 leuse ou sqitamense.  2. The  mastoid jrortion, and,
 3. The Petrous portion, Petrous  Proc"ess, Pyr'-
 amis trigo'na, Os  lapide'um  seu  lapido'snm seu
 sax'eum seu petro'sum seu litho'ides seu durum seu
 prarujrta rvjii assimila'tum seu nervale, Pars pe-
 tra'sa, P.pyramida'lis ossis tem'poris, (¥.) Portion
 pierreuse, Rocher, Ospitreux, Apophyse pyrami-
 dale, A. pitrie.
    It has, first, an auricular or external face, on
 which is a surface that makes part of the tempo-
 ral fossa; the zygomatic process ; the glenoid ca-
 vity ;  the fissure ofi Glaser; the meatus audito-
 rius  externus; the mastoid process; the  digas-
 tric groove;  the canalis carol icus ; the jugular
 fossa; the styloid process ;  the stylo-mastoid fo-
 ramen, <fec  2. A cerebral  or  internal  surface,
 which corresponds to the cavity  of  the cranium,
 and on which is the Pars petrosa, the hiatus Fal-
 lopii,  the meatus auditorius internus, the fissure
 ofi the aqnaductus vestibuli, a portion of the gut-
 ter for the lateral sinus,  &c.  3. A circumference,
 on which is observed the orifice of the bony por-
 tion  of the  Eustachian tube,   the aquadnctus
 cochlea, Ac.   The temporal bone  is articulated
 with the sphenoid, occipital, parietal, malar, and
 inferior  maxillary bones.  It is  developed from
 five points of ossification.
    Temporal  Fossa, Fossa temporalis, is an  ex-
 cavation, observed at each  side of the head.   It
  is filled by the muscle whose name  it bears, and
  is formed by  the temporal and sphenoid, below j
 by  the  parietal  and frontal bones, above;  is
  separated,  by  a  transverse  crista, from  the 
TEMPORO-A URICULAIRE       9 03
TENS EUR
zygomatic fossa; and  completed, before, by the
cheek-bone.
  Temporal Muscle, Temjtoralis, Crotajthi'tes,
(P.) Arcadi-temporo maxillaire,  Temporo maxil-
laire (Ch.), is a broad, flattened, triangular mus-
cle, which fills the temporal fossa.  Its fibres are
nttached to the temporal aponeurosis and fossa;
and  all converge  into a strong tendon, which
passes under the zygomatic arch, and is inserted
into the coronoid process of the lower jaw.   This
muscle raises the lower jaw, and applies the teeth
against each other.
   Temporal Nerves.  These are distinguished
into the superficial temporal, furnished by the
inferior maxillary branch of the  fifth pair, behind
the condyle of the jaw ;  and the temporales pro-
fundi, — anterior and posterior, — furnished by
the same nerve at its  exit from the  cranium.
Sommering has given  the name temporal to the
divisions sent by the facial nerve to the temporal
regions.
   Temporal Veins were  formerly  called jEtoi
or Ai'-toi Phlebes, Aq'uila Vena.
   TEMPORO-AURICULAIRE, Attollens au-
rem.
   TEM'PORO - FA'CIAL,   Tern'poro-faciillis.
 Belonging to the temple and face.
   Temporo-facial Nerve, Nervus temporo-faci-
a'lis.  A  branch of the facial nerve distributed
to the face and temple.
   TEMPO RO-M AX ILL AIRE, Temporo-
inaxillary, see Temporal muscle.
   TEMPORO-MAX'ILLARY,  Tem'poro-maxil-
 la'ris, (¥.) Temporo-maxillaire.  That which be-
longs  to the temporal bone and  lower jaw.
   Tempoho-Maxillary Articulation or  joint
 of the lower jaw, is seated between  the glenoid
 cavity and transverse  process  of  the temporal
 bone on the one hand, and the condyle of tbe
 lower jaw on  the  other.  Two thin cartilages
 cover the surfaces  of these  bones.   The one  is
 common to the transverse process,  and the por-
 tion of the  glenoid cavity anterior to tho fissure
 of Glaser;  the other  belongs  to the condyle.
 This articulation is furnished with an inter-arti-
 cular  fibro-cartilage, two synovial capsules, and
 two  lateral ligaments: — the one internal, and
 the other external.
   Temporo-maxillary Nerves  of Bichat are
 the  divisions of the facial  nerve, distributed  to
 the temporal and maxillary regions.
   TEMPUS, Temple —t. Intercalare, Apyrexia,
 Intermission.
   TEM'ULENCE, Ebrletas, Ebriosltas, Methys'-
mus, Metllysis, Temulen'tia, Tem'ulency, Inebria'-
 tinn,  Intoxica'tion, Drunk'enness :—from wine,
 (Enophlyg'la,  QHnojihlyx'is,  Vinolen'tia,  Vi'no-
 lence,(¥.) Irresse;  from ternetum, pe&v, 'wine, any
 intoxicating drink.'  Plater  gave this name  to
 delirium ;  Ettmuller, to an apoplectic condition,
 depending  upon drunkenness;  the Apoplex'ia
 Temttlen'ta or  dead drunkenness.   Commonly,
 Temulentia is used synonymously with  drunken-
 ness, Methe ; and  is often employed in the de-
 scription of diseases to indicate a state resembling
drunkenness.   Mania e Temnlentid is  the  same
as Delirium Tremens.   The French  use the term
1,-,-esse for drunkenness, Ivrognerie for habitual
drunkenness.
   TEMULENTIA. Temulence.
   TENACULA, Bone-nippers — t. Volsella, For-
ceps (lithotomy).
   TENACULUM, (tenax,tenacts, 'holding fast.')
from   teneo,  ' I hold.'   A kind  of fine   hook
nttached to a handle which is thrust through the
parietes  of a blood-vessel to draw  it out and
enable it to be  tied.
   Tenaculum. Assalini's.  An  ingenious instru-
ment, invented by  Assalini.  It consists of a for-
ceps, or double tenaculum,  the points of which
are fine, sharp, and bifurcated, so as to be readily
received into each  other when the  instrument is
closed on the artery, which it is by a spring.   It
is of great use when the surgeon has no assistant
at hand.  The instrument is figured in S. Cooper's
" First Lines."
   TENAILLE INCISIVE, Bone-nippers.
  TENASMUS, Tenesmus.
  TENDINES CORONARLE, Coronary tendons.
  TEN'DINOUS,  Tendino'sns,  Tendin'eus,
Sin'ewy,  (¥.)  Tendineux, from tendo, tendinis, 'a,
tendon.'   Relating or appertaining to, or having
the nature of tendons.
   TENDO, Tendon — t. Cordis venosus, Circulus
callosus Halleri.
   TENDON,  Tendo,  Pronerva'tio, Tenon, from
reivur, tendo,  ' I stretch.'  Sinew, Thew, Leader,
(Prov.) Gut'der.   A fibrous  cord, more or less
round, long, or flattened : of a white, pearl colour,
and composed of  very close parallel fibres.  The
tendons are  attached to the  bones, by one  ex-
tremity; by the other, they receive the insertions
of the fleshy fibres : sometimes they afford attach-
ment to fleshy fibres  at  both ends; — as  in  the
digastric muscle.    The  tendons  must  be con-
sidered as so many cords, for transmitting  the
motion of muscles to the bones or  levers.
   TENDON D'ACHILLE, Achillis tendo.
   Tendon, Cordiform, of the Diaphragm, Cen-
ter, phrenic.
   TENDONS, TWITCHING OF  THE, Sub-
sultus tendinum.
   TENEOTOMIA, Tenotomy.
   TENESME,  Tenesmus — t.  de I'CEsophage,
CEsophagisinus — t. Vesical, Bradysuria.
   TENES'MUS,   Teines'mos,  Tenas'mus,  from
retvor,  ' I  stretch.'   Proc'tica  seu  Obstipa'tio
Tenesmus,  Proctospas'mus,  Tinag'mus,  (¥.)  Ti-
ncsme, Ejrreintes.   Frequent, vain and painful
desires to go to stool; — one of the chief symp-
toms of inflammation of the lining membrane of
the digestive tube, as of  dysentery.
   Tenesmus  Vesica,  Bradysuria — t. Vesicae
mucosus.  Cystirrhoea.
   TEXETTES, Forceps (craniotomy).
   TENIA, Taenia.
   TENNESSEE',  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.
On the waters ofthe French Broad River, in this
State, is a large, clear, thermal spring.   The heat
is  so great that, on first  going into the water, it
is  almost insupportable.
   TENON, Tendon.
   TENONT'AGRA,  from revotv,  revovros, 'ten-
don,' and aypa,  'seizure.'  A variety  of gout,
which affects the  tendinous parts  of muscles, or
the tendinous ligaments which strengthen certain
articulations.
   TENONTOTOMIA, Tenotomy.
   TENONTOTRO'TI. from revotv, revovros, 'ten-
don,' and  Tirpwoxd), ' I wound.'  They who  are
wounded  in the tendons. — Galen.
   TENOSYNI'TIS, Tenosynovitis [?],  (F.)x Ti-
nosynite.   An imperfectly  formed term, from
revuv, 'a tendon,' syn, and itis, denoting inflam-
mation.  Inflammation of the synovial sheath of
a tendon.
   TENOTOME,  Tendonitis; same etymon as
the next.  An instrument for dividing tendons,
especially by the  subcutaneous method.
   TENOTOMY,  Tenotonlia, Teneotom'ia,  Tenon-
totom'ia, Sec'tio seu Dissec'tio ten'dinum, (¥.) Ti-
notomie,  from revotv, 'a tendon.'  and ropv. 'in-
cision.'   The  operation  of dividing  a tendon,
often practised for the removal of loxarthrus, 01
deviation  of the joints — as in club-foot.
   TENSFUR DE L'APONEVROSE FEMO-
RALE, Fascia lata muscle. 
TENSION
904
TERES
  TEN'SION, Ten'sio, Tensu'ra, Tasis, Dialusis,
Eaton'ia, (Entonia is, also, used for over-tension,)
Conteilsio, Disten'sio, from  tendere, tension, ' to
stretch.'   State  of a  part, which is  stretched,
when its  textures  are distended by the afflux
of fluids,  or the accumulation of gas;  or when
its fibres  are drawn, as it were,  in an  opposite
direction,  and are, consequently,  more  resisting
than usual.
  TENSIVE, Tensi'vus,  Tono'des,  (¥.) Tensif.
Same etymon.   Accompanied by  tension or by a
feeling of tension — as a ' tensive pain.'
  TENSOR  CHOROIDEA, Ciliary muscle —t.
Palati, Circumflexus musculus.
  Tensor Tarsi.   A small muscle, belonging to
the  inner commissure of the  eyelids,  well  de-
scribed by Professor Horner, of Philadelphia, and
hence termed  Muscle of Horner.   It  is about
three lines broad and six  long; arises  from  the
posterior  flat surface  of  the os unguis, near  its
junction with the  ethmoid bone, and passes for-
wards and outwards, lying on  the posterior  face
of the lachrymal ducts.   As  it approaches  the
commissure of  tbe lids, it  splits into two nearly
equal  parts, each  of which is  appropriated to a
duct, and inserted along its course, almost to  the
punctum lacryraale.  Its chief office seems to be,
to influence  the position ofthe punctum lacrymale,
and to regulate the  course  of the tears through
the lachrymal ducts.
  Tensor Tym'pani, Inter'nua. Auria,  Internus
Mallei, (¥.) Salpingo-mallien.  A small muscle,
which arises from the petrous portion of the tem-
poral bone,  and the cartilage of the Eustachian
tube, and terminates  by  a tendon, which is  re-
flected over the processus cochleaformis, and is
inserted into the apophysis of  the handle of  the
malleus.
  Tensor Vagina Femoris, Fascia lata muscle.
  TENSURA, Tension.
  TENSUS, Penis.
  TENT, Tenta,  Turun'da, and  its diminutive,
 Turun'dula, Penic'ulua, Penicillus, Penicilliitn,
Motos. Lemnis'cus, Licin'ium,  (¥.)  Tente, Meche,
from tendere, tensum, or tentum, 'to  stretch.'   In
surgery, tents are small rolls  of lint, of a cylin-
drical or  pyramidal shape, which  are  introduced
into  wounds and deep ulcers, to prevent them
from closing before  they  are filled up  from  the
bottom.   Tents are sometimes, also, made of pre-
pared sponge, gentian root, &c.  They are not so
 much used  as they formerly were.
   TENTACULARIA, Filaria hominis bron-
 chialis.
   TENTACULUM CEREBELLI,  Tentorium.
   TENTA'MEN  MED'ICUM. 'A medical trial.'
 From tentare, 'to try.' An examination in medi-
 cine, in the Prussian universities, which is  con-
 ducted both in writing and  vivd  voce before the
 Dean of  the Medical Faculty.
   TENTE, Tent — ?, du  Cervelet, Tentorium.
   TENTTGO  VENEREA,  Nymphomania —t.
 Vcretri. Satyriasis.
   TENTIPEL'LUM,  from tendere,  tensum  or
 tentum, 'to  stretch,' and pellis, 'the skin.' Ancient
 name of  a cosmetic, with  which, it was pretended,
 wrinkles could be effaced.
   TENTO'RIUM,  T. cerebello  super-exten'sum,
  T. cerebelli, Tentac'uliirn cerebelli. Septum enceph''-
 tili,  Diajihr-fig'ma cer'ebri, Intersejt'ta horizonttl-
 lia Pacchio'm\ Proces'sus transver'sus dura  ma-
 tris, Lateral Processes ofi the Dura  Mater, Trans-
 verse septum, (¥.) Tente  dn cervelet, Plancher du
  Cerveau,Septum transrerse (Ch.), from tendere, ten-
 sum or tentum, ' to stretch.'  A process of the dura
 mater, which  separates  the cerebrum  from  the
 cerebellum.  It extends  from the  internal hori-
 zontal spine of the occipital  bone, directly for-
 wards to the sella Turcica of the sphenoid.
  Tentorium Cerebelli, Tentorium.
  TENTUM. Penis.
  TENTVVORT. Asplenium ruta muraria.
  TENUIS MATE P., Pia mater.
  TENUITAS  AQUOSA, Pra-dominium nqmr.
  TEPIIRO'SIA  APOLLINE'A,  Galc'ga  Aj,„l-
line'a of Egypt  and Nubia.  Order; Lcguuiinnsa?.
The leaves are  often  found mixed  with senna.
  Tephrosia PUupu'hea, Galc'ga pm-pu'rea  of
the coast of Coromandel.  The root is bitter, and
a decoction of it is prescribed by the native doc-
tors in dyspepsia, lientery. and tympanites.
  Tephrosia Senna.  The leaves are used for
senna by the people  of Popayan.
  Tephrosia Toxica'ria, Gale'ga toxica'ria  of
Cayenne.   The leaves  are  used  for  poisoning
fish.   It  has been suggested  as a substitute for
digitalis.
  Tephrosia Virginiana, Galega Virginiana.
  TEPIDARIUM, see Stove.
  TEPLITZ. Toplitz.
  TERAS, Monster.
  TERATOG"ENY, Teratogen'ia,  from  repas,
rcparos, 'a monster,' and yevtois, 'generation.'
The formation of monsters.
  TERATOL'OGY,   Teratolog'la,  from  repas,
rtptiros, 'a monster,'  and  Xoyos, 'a discourse.'  A
treatise on monsters.
  TERATOSIS, see Monster.
  TERCERON, see  Mulatto — t. Black, see Mu-
latto.
  TEREBELLA, Trepan.
  TEREBELLUM.   A name given by Duges to
a perforator, Perce crane, of his invention.
  TEREBENTHINE, Terebinthina—t. de Bor-
deaux, see  Pinus  sylvestris— t. de Chio, see Pis-
tacia  terebinthus — t. de.  Copahu, Copaiba — t.
Commune, see Pinus  sylvestris — f. d'Egypte, see
Amyris opobalsamum — t. dc Gi/iad, see Amyris
opobalsamum—t. du Grand Caire, see Amyris
opobalsamum — t. de Jiidie. see Amyris opobal-
samum — t. de  Milt-ze, see Pinus larix.
  TEREBENTHINE, Terebintbinate.
  TEREBIN'THINA, from repptvSos,  or Ttpr($tv-
5of.  'the turpentine tree.'   Tnr'pentiue,  Rutin,
Albotim,  Altilihat, Brutino, (¥.) Tiribenthine. A
substance, of  the consistence of honey,  which
flows from many trees of the terebinthaceae and
coniferae families.   It is  viscid;  shining;  more
or less  transparent; inflammable;  of a  warm,
pungent  taste:  strong  smell; and  is entirely
composed of resin nmLessential oil, without ben-
zoic  acid.  It is soluble in alcohol.  See Turpen-
tine,  Pinus palustris and  Pinus sylvestris.   All
the turpentines are  stimulant, diuretic, and  ca-
thartic
  Terebinthina  Argentoratensis,  see  Pinus
picea — t. Balsamea, see Pinus balsamea — t. Ca-
nadensis, see Pinus balsamea — t. Chia, see Pis-
tacia terebinthus—t. Communis, see  Pinus syl-
vestris— t. Cypria,  see Pistacia terebinthus — t.
Empyreumatica, see Pinus sylvestris — t. Larici-
na. see Pinus larix—t. Veneta, see Pinus larix—
t. Vera,  see Pistacia terebinthus—t. Vulgaris, see
Pinus sylvestris — t. de  Vinise, see Pinus larix.
   TEREBIN'THINATE,  Terebinthiraltus, (¥.)
 Tiribenthitii.  Having the qualities of  turpentine.
   TEREBINTHUS, Terminthus—t. Gummifera,
 Bursera gummifera—t. Lentiscus,  Pistacia len-
 tiscus— t. Vulgaris, Pistacia terebinthus.
   TEREBRA, Trepan.
   TEREBRATIO.  Trepanning.
   TEREDO OSSIUM,  Caries, Spina ventosa.
   TERES, Stroilgyliis,  Cyliudroldes  ' long  and
 round,' from tero, ' to rub,' quasi  'rubbed smooth
 or round.'  An epithet given to many  organs, the
 fibres of which are  collected into round fasciculi.
   Teres  Ligamen'tum,   (F.) Ligament  rond. 
                TERESIS                 9

This name is given to the round ligament in the
cotyloid cavity of the  os innominatum, which
is attached to the head  of the bone, and to the
bottom  of  the cavity.   It  is, also, given  to  a
small fibrous fascia, which extends from the co-
ronoid process of the ulna to below the bicipital
tubercle of the radius.
  Teres  Major, (F.)  Anguli-scapulo-humiral,
Scajrulo-humiral  (Ch.), Grand rond, is situate at
the inferior and  posterior part of the  shoulder.
It is attached, on the one hand, to the outer sur-
face of the scapula;  to the corresponding part of
its  axillary margin  ; and, on the other, to the
posterior margin  of the bicipital  groove of the
humerus.   It  carries  the arm backwards and
inwatds, and carries it, also, inwards in rotation.
When it acts with the longissimus dorsi and pec-
toralis major, it applies the arm against the late-
ral part of the chest, and keeps it forcibly there.
  Teres Minor,  Norma hu'meri Placentltii, (¥.)
Le  jrlits petit stis-scajtulo-trochitirien (Ch.),  Petit
rond,  Margini-sus-scajtulo-trochitirien, is  situ-
ate at  the  posterior and inferior  part of the
shoulder; it is narrow and flattened, from above
to below, in its inner half;  and, from  before to
behind, in  the  outer.  It is attached, on the one
part, to the outer surface  of the scapula, near its
inferior angle ; and,  on  the other,  to the inferior
part of  the great tuberosity of the humerus.  It
depresses the arm,  and causes it  to turn on  its
axis  from  within outwards.   It  also  carries  it
backwards.
  TERESIS, Observation.
  TERETRIUM, Trepan.
  TERETRON, Trepan.
  TERGAL, Dorsal.
  TEKGEMINI, Trigemini.
  TERGUM, Dorsum, Vertebral column.
  TERMINALIA. see Myrobalanus.
  TERMINOLOGY, Nomenclature.
  TERMIN'THUS,  Terebiilthus, frora  rerpiv%s,
'the  turpentine tree.'  Phyma Anthrax, Termin-
thus,  Berry or Fungous carbuncle.   The ancients
gave  this name to a tumour,  surmounted  by  a
black pustule,  and  resembling the  fruit of the
turpentine  tree.
  Terminthus, Pistacia terebinthus.
  TERMINUS SUPERIOR ASPERSE ARTE-
RliE, Larynx.
  TERMINOLOGY, Nomenclature.
  TERMS, Menses.
  TERRA ABSORBENS MINERALIS, Magne-
sia? carbonas—t Aluminis, Argilla pura—t. Ama-
ra ae'ratn, Magnesia?  carbonas—t. Amara sulphu-
rica,  Magnesia? sulphas — t.  Argillacea hydrata,
Argilla pura—t. Argillacea pura, Argilla pura—t.
Bolaris, Argilla pura—t. Foliata,  Sulphur — t.
Foliata mineralis, Soda acetata—t.  Foliata tartari,
Potassa?  acetas — t.  Fornacuin, see  Bricks — t.
Fullonica,  Cimolia  purpurescens — t. Japonica,
Catechu, Nauclea gambir.
  Terra Lem'nia, Lemp'nias, Argilla bolus fiava,
Lem'uiaii  Earth.   A name given by the ancients
to a solid, reddish,  astringent, substance,  pre-
pared with the pulp  of the fruit of tbe Baobab,
nn  African tree,  according  to Prosper Alpinus.
It seems, however, to be an argillaceous earth.
It has been employed as an astringent.
  Terra Livon'ica.  A  terra sigil/a'ta or sealed
earth  from Livonia, redder than that from Silesia,
and very astringent.
  Terra Merita, Curcuma longa.
  Terra Noceria'na.   A whitish, soft, and as-
tringent earth, found in the  environs of Nocera,
in Italy.
  Terra  Orlea'na, Pigmen turn  urucu, orucu,
(F ) Rocoii, Roticitu,  Bich'et.   A pigmental matter
obtained from  the   seeds of  B.>«  Orleana sou
Orellilna  seu America'nu,  Orella na,  Odea na.
                TESTICLE

In Jamaica, it is recommended in dysentery, and
is considered to possess astringent and stomachic
qualities.   It is called, according  to  its shape,
Flag, Roll, or Egg Annotto.
  Sjianish Annotto,  Bixa,  is  in  small,  oblong
cakes.  It is chiefly employed as  a colouring
matter.
  Terra  Os'sea, Mate'ria  ossea.   Bony matter.
The earthy portion of bones.
  Terra  Ponuerosa, Baryta—t. Ponderosa mu-
riata, Baryta, muriate of—t. Ponderosa salita,
Baryta, muriate of—t. Saponaria,  Cimolia pur-
purescens.
  Terra  Portugal'lica,  Burros,  Bucaros.  A
reddish, astringent, styptic earth, obtained from
Portugal.
  Terra  Sigilla'ta,  Sealed  Earth.   A bole or
earthy  matter,  made  into  little  cakes or  flat
masses, and stamped with certain impressions, as
with the head of the Grand Seignior.  To these
belong  the Terra Silesiaca,  Terra Lemnia,  T.
Turcica.  See Bole and Bolus alba.
  Terra  Silesiaca, see Terra sigillata — t. Tal-
cosa  oxyanthracodes,  Magnesia?  carbonas — t.
Turcica, see Terra sigillata.
  Terra  Uri'n^e.   The earthy  deposit  in  the
urine.
  Terra Vitrioli Dulcis,  Colcothar.
  TERR^E SIGILLATA, see Bole, Bolus alba,
and Terra sigillata.
  TERRAPIN, Emys  palustris.
  TERRE BOL AIRE, Bolus— t.  Magnisienne,
Magnesiae carbonas—t. Noix, Bunium bulbocas-
tanum— t. Pesante,  Baryta—t.  Sigillie,  Bolus
alba.
  TERRETTE, Glechoma  hederacea.
  TERTIAN FEVER, Febris tertia'na, Arletus
tertiantts,  Trita'us, Tertian  or Third  Day Ague,
Third Day Fever, (¥.)  Fiivre tierce, from tertius,
'the third.'   An intermittent, whose  paroxysms
recur every third day, or every 48 hours.  The
mildest, and  the  most pernicious,  intermittents
belong to  this bead.   As a general  rule, it is the
most manageable form  of ague.
  A double tertian,  (¥.) Double tierce (Fievre),
has  a paroxysm every day, — the paroxysms of
alternate days being  associated.
  TERTIAN ARIA,  Scutellaria galericulata.
  TESSARA, Cuboid.
  TESSELLA, Tabella.
  TEST,  DANIEL'S,  see Docimasia pulmonum
— t. Hydrostatic, see Docimasia pulmonum—t.
Plouequet's, see Docimasia pulmonum—t. Static,
see  Docimasia pulmonum.
  TESTA, ('a shell,')  see  Ostrea—t. Ovi, see
Membrana putaminis.
  Testa  Prapara'ta,  Prepared  Oyster-shell.
Oyster-shell, freed from extraneous matter.washed
with  boiling water, reduced to powder, and pre-
pared in the same manner as Creta  pra?parata.
  TESTA'CEOUS, Testa'ceus, (¥.)  Testaci, from
testa, 'a shell.'  A powder, consisting of burnt
shells.  These contain  carbonate of lime  chiefly,
and hence the term has been applied to creta-
ceous substances.  See Creta.
  TESTAE FORNACE^E, Bricks—t. Ostrese, see
Ostrea.
  TESTES.  The Testicles, see Testicle. Vulgar-
ly,  the Stones.  A name, also,  given to the infe-
rior tubercles of the corpora  quadrigemina, to dis-
tinguish them from the superior, called A'ates.
  Testes  Cerebri, see Quadrigemina corpora.
  TES'TICLE,  Testis,  T.  viri'lis,  Testic'ulus,
Orchis, Pom urn amo'ris, Did'ymns, Her'nia, Genl-
itii  (pi.), Gemelli (pi.),  Ovum, (¥.) Testicule, from
testis, 'a witness;'  because the testicles are evi-
dences of virility.   The name of two glandular
organs,  contained in the scrotum, whose office is
to secrete sperm.  The substance of the testicle 
TESTICONDUS             90G      TEUCRIUM  CRETICUM
consists of numerous conical, flattened lobules —
lob'uli testis — whose bases are directed towards
tbe surface of the organ, and the apices towards
the corpus Highmorianura.   They are formed of
a gray  and softish  substance, composed of tor-
tuous canals, called  Tu'buli seu Canalic'uli semi-
tiiferi seu seminales, Vasa semina'lia,  Vas'cula
serpentina, folded on each other, and of extreme
fineness;  the  number of which, according to the
estimate of Monro, is fi2,500, and the total length
;">,208 feet.  All  these  canals,  uniting  in  their
course,  pass through the  corpus Highmorianum,
concur in forming the epididymis, and give origin
to the vas  deferens.  The testicles are covered,
immediately, by a fibrous membrane, of an opake
white colour, and very tough,  called Tu'nica Al-
bugin'ea, or, simply, Albugin'ea, Perites'tis, (¥.)
Pirididyme, of which the corpus Highmorianum
is only an enlargement.  Over this, again, is the
tunica  vaginalis, the  second  envelope of  the
testis.
   Testicle, Swelled, Hernia humoralis.
   TESTICONDUS, Crypsorchis.
   TESTICULAR, Testicula'ris, (F ) Testiculairc.
Belonging or relating to the testicle.
   TESTICULE, Testicle.
   TESTICULUS, Testicle —t. Accessorius, Epi-
 didymis— t. Caninus, Orchis mascnla.
   TESTIMONIUM  MATURITA'TTS.   'Evi-
 dence of fitness.' A certificate of  complete edu-
 cation, required, in  the  Prussian universities, of
 a candidate, before  he can be admitted to exami-
 nation for the degree of Doctor of Medicine.
   TESTIS FEMTNEUS,  Ovary — t.   Irritable,
 Orchidalgia — t. Minor,  Prostate — t. Muliebris,
 Ovary—t. Virilis, Testicle.
   TESTUDINATIO  CRANII, Camarosis.
   TESTU'DO, Chelo'ne, (¥.) Tortne.   A  genus
 of reptiles, including the turtle, tbe flesh of which
 is  much esteemed as an article of diet.
   Also, an encysted tumour, which has been sup-
 posed to resemble the shell of a turtle; Ernphy'-
 tua encys'tis ganglion.  See Talpa.
   Testudo  Cerebri,  Fornix — t.  Scapulae, see
 Scapula.
   TET, Nipple.
    TET'ANIC, Tetan'icum, Spas'ticum, Convnlsi'-
 rum, Convulsive, (¥.) Tetanique,  from ruvui, 'I
 stretch.'  A remedy, which acts on the  nerves,
 and, through them, on  the muscles, occasioning,
 in large doses, convulsions.   The chief agents of
 this class  are  Nux Vomica,  Strychnia, Brucia,
 Arnica, and  Toxicodendron.
    Also, an epithet for a tonic convulsion.
    TETANINE, Strychnia.
    TETANOMATA, Tetanothra.
    TETANO'THRA,  Telanom'ata,  Erugato'ria,
 from reravos, 'free from  wrinkles.'  Medicines
 which remove wrinkles. — Gorraeus.
    TET ANO S,  Tetanus.
    TET'ANUS,  from reivw,  'I stretch.'   Spasm
 with rigidity, Convulsio In'dica, Holoton'ia, Ho-
 lotorl icus, Hoi ot el anus, Tel anus universalis, Ri-
 gor nervo'sus seu nervo'rum,  Exten'sio  seu Dis-
 ten'sio, Enta'sia tetanus, Calochits  cervi'nus  seu
 holoton'icns, (¥.)  Titanos, Mai de  cerfi.  A dis-
 ease which consists in a permanent contraction
 of all the muscles or merely of some,  without
 alternations of relaxation.   It is characterized by
 closure of the jaws ;  difficulty or impracticability
 of deglutition; rigidity and immobility  of  the
 limbs and trunk, which is sometimes curved for-
 wards  (Emprosthot'onos),  sometimes  backwards
  (Opisthotonos), and sometimes to one side (Pleu-
 rothot'onos).  When  tetanus  is confined  to  the
  muscles of the jaws, it is called  Trismus.  It is
 a most formidable  affection.   The means of treat-
 ment are.— copious and repeated blood-letting;
bathing, cold and warm ; powerful doses of opium,
and other narcotics.  In  Traumatic  Tetanus, or
that which supervenes on a wound, every extra-
neous matter must, of course, be  removed from
the wound, and soothing applications be  made
to it.
  Tetanus  Anticus, Etnprosthotonos — t.  Dolo-
rificus,  Cramp — t.  Dorsalis, Opisthotonos — t.
Lateralis, Pleurothotonos — t. Maxilla- inferioris,
Trismus — t.  Posterganeus,  Opisthotonos — t.
Posticus, Opisthotonos —  t.  Universalis,  see  Te-
tanus.
  TETART.EUS, Quartnn.
  TETARTOPHI'A, from rirapros, 'the fourth.'
and  tpvw, ' I arise.'  Quttrtu'mis  remit'tens.  A
quartan, in which the intermission is inordinately
short or imperfect.
   TETE, Caput, Head — t. de Veau, Elephanti-
asis of the Greeks.
  TETRADRACIl'MON, from rerpas, 'four,'and
lipaxitn, 'a drachm.'  A weight of four  drachms
or half an ounce.
   TETRAGONUS, Platysma. myoides.
   TETRAHIT  LONGIFLORUM, Galeopsis
grandiflora.
   TETRAMY'RON, from rerpas,  ' four,' and pv-
pov,  'an ointment.'   An ointment of four  ingre-
dients. — Galen.
   TETRANGURTA, Cucurbita citrullus.
   TETRANTHERA   PICHURIM,  Pichurim
beans.
   TETRA'O COTUR'NIX, Cotumix, tbe  Quail,
(¥.) Caille; Class, Aves; Ord. Gallinnceu?.  Tho
quail is  an  esteemed article of diet.  The Greek
name  is opru|, oprvyos;  and the places,  called
 Ortygia, are named after it.  The excrements of
the quail were formerly extolled in epilepsy,  and
the fat in specks of  the eye.
   TETRAPHAR'MACUM, from rerpas,  'four,'
and tlmppaKtrv, 'a medicine.'  A medicine consist-
ing of four ingredients.
   TETRAS'CELUS, from  rerpa,  'four,' and itkc-
Xos, 'leg.'   A monster having four legs.—Gurlt.
   TETROB'OLON.  The  weight of four oboli,
or two scruples. — Gorra?us.
   TETROROS, Astragalus.
   TETTER, Herpes—t. Crusted, Impetigo —t.
 Honeycomb, Porrigo favosa — t. Humid. Eczema
impetigo — t. Milky, Porrigo larvalis — t. Pustu-
 lar, Impetigo — t. Running, Impetigo — t. Scaly,
 Psoriasis.
   TETTERWORT, Chelidonium majus.
   TEUCRIUM  JEGYPTIACUM,  T.  capitatum
 — t. Belium, T. capitatum.
   Teucrium Capita'tum, T. Belium seu  JEgyp-
 tlacum, Folium Cajtittltum, Foley Mountain ofi
 Montpellier, Ord. Labiatae, is,  generally, substi-
 tuted  for T.  chama?drys.   Tbe  common  Foley
 Mountain is the  Teucrium montu'nuni; and the
 Golden  Poley Mountain, the Teucrium Folium,
 Polion.
   TEU'CRIUM  CnAMA'DRYS, T. officinale,  Cha-
 madrys, C.  minor repens seu vulga'ris,  Qtter'cula
 minor  seu  Calamandrlna,  Trissa'go,  Chama'-
 drops, Trixa'go, Common, Creeping or Small Ger-
 mander, English  Treacle, (¥.)  Petit chine,   Chc-
 nette,  Germandrie officinale.  This  is  possessed
 of aromatic and bitter properties.   The dose of
 the dried powder is from ^ss to ^j-
   Teucrium Ciiamap'itys, Chuma/n'tys,  Arthel-
 ica, Arthretica, Aju'git, A. seu  Bit'gula Chama'-
 pitys, Abiga,  Chamamo'rits, Iva  ttrtltrilica, Ho-
 loc'yrnn, lo'nia, Siderltis, Common Grouuilpine,
 (¥.) Petite Ivetle.   Properties like the last.   The
 tops and leaves have been  recommended as ape-
 rients  and  tonics ;  especially in  female obstruc-
 tions, and in paralytic disorders.
    Teucrium  Cret'icum,  T.  hyssopifiolimn  seu
ft  Rosmarin ifo'Hum, Rosmarinus stee'ehadis facie, 
TEXTUM  INTERLOBULARE    907      THEBESIUS,  VEINS  OF
Poley-niountain  of  Candy,  Folium Creticum.
The tops and whole herb enter into the old com-
pounds, Mithridute and Theriaca.  It has a mo-
derately aromatic  smell; and a  nauseous, bitter
taste, and is placed among the aperients and cor-
roborants.
  Teucrium Flavum  has  similar  properties to
T. chamaedrys.
  Teucrium Hyssopifolium, T. Creticum.
  Teucrium Iva, Chama'pitys moschala, Iva, I.
moscha'ta Mons/relien'sium,  Chaiuapitys anthyl-
lus, French  Gronndpine, (¥.) Ivette musquie.  It
has  similar  virtues to  T.  Chamaepitys, but is
weaker.
  Teucrium Maritimum, T.  Marum.
  Teucrium Marum, T. marilinutm, Marum Sy-
riacurn seu  Crelicum seu verum seu Cortn'si, Ma-
jnrti'ua Syr'iaca,  Chama'drys inea'na marit'ima
sou  malum, Orig'anum Syriacitm,  Marum ger-
mander, Syrian  herb  mastich,  Cat  thyme,  (¥.)
Marum ou Germandrie maritime, Herbe mix chats.
A very aromatic  plant, of a  camphorated smell;
formerly much used in  medicine as a tonic, anti-
spasmodic, emmenagogue,  Ac.
   Teucrium Officinale, T. chama?drys — t. Pa-
lustre,  T. scordium — t. Pyramidale, Ajuga—t.
 Rosmarinifolium, T. Creticum.
   Teucrium Scor'dium, T.  palus'tre, Scordium,
 Trissa'go  palus'tris,  Chamattrys  palustris seu
 scor'dium, Allium red'olens, Water  Germander,
 (P.) Germandrie  scorodone,  Sauge des  bois, Ger-
 mandrie aquatique.   The leaves have a garlicky
 Fin ell, and  bitterish, slightly pungent  taste.  It
 has the tonic properties of the other  Teucria.
   TEXTUM INTERLOBULARE, Interlobular
 tissue.
   TEXTURA, Texture —t.  Organica, Histos.
   TEX'TURAL.    Same  etymon  as   Texture.
 Relating  or appertaining to a texture.
   TEXTURE, Textu'ra, Textus, from texere, tex-
 tum, 'to weave.'   Tela, Hypha, Hy/rhe.   The par-
 ticular arrangement of the tissues that constitute
 an organ.
   TEXTUS, Texture, Tissue—t. Cellulosus, Cel-
 lular tissue — t.  Desmosus,  Desmoid tissue — t.
 Erectilis, Erectile texture—t. Nervorum, Plexus
 nervorum — t.  Organicus, Cellular tissue—t. Pa-
 pillaris, Corpus papillare—t. Parenchymals, Cel-
 lular tissue.
   TH.ERIA, Radzyge.
   THAL'AMUS, $taXa,ws,  (¥.) Couche.   'A room
 or chamber; a bed.'  The place at which a. nerve
 originates, or has been considered to originate.
   Thal'ami Nervo'rum  Optico'hum  seu  Op'-
 TICI, Eminen'tia  magna cer'ebri. Ganglia cerebri
 postica, Crura medulla oblonga'ta  (of some),
 Stria'ta cor'jiora super'na posterio'ra,  CoUic'uli
 nervo'rum optico'rum,  Ojttic thalami, Posterior
 cer'ebral gan'glion, (¥.) Couches des nerfs  ocu-
 laires  (Ch.), C.  des nerfs optiques,  C. optiques.
 Two rounded  and irregular surfaces, which are
 seen exposed in the  lateral ventricles of tbe brain,
 and in the third  ventricle, the inferior  surface of
 which  presents two projections,  called  Corpora
 genicula'ta, that furnish several filaments to the
 optic nerves.  The name was given from a belief
 that the optic nerves originate from them. They,
 however, arise more posteriorly, and adhere merely
 to the inner margin of those bodies.   Gall consi-
 ders, that the thalami act  as ganglions to the
 nerves; and, hence, he calls them Grand ganglion
 ciribral infirienr.  Tbey  are. also, called Poste-
 rior ganglion ofthe cerebrum.  From the thalami
 and corpora striata fibres proceed upwards to con-
 stitute the  convolutions of  the brain, and the
 various bands that connect  the different parts  of
 the brain together.   The  upper and inner parts
ofthe thalami are so closely connected  ns to form
 one continued surface, called Commissu'ra mollis.
 The posterior  parts  turn  downwards  and out-
 wards; after  which they are elongated to  form
 the two white cords, termed  Tractus op'tici.
   Thalamus Regalis, Pericardium.
   THALICTRON,  ZaXtKrpov,  Thalietrum,  T.
 magnum seu fiavum seu fiaves'cens seu pratetlse
 seu nigricans seu rugo'eum seu vagina'tum,  Rha-
 bar'barum jinu'perum, Meadow-rue, Poor Man's
 Rhubarb, (¥.) Pigamon jattndtre, Rue des  pris,
 Fattsse-Rhabarbe, Rhubarbe des pauvres.   Ord.
 Ranunculaceae.  Sex.  Syst. Polyandria Polygynia.
 The root resembles rhubarb in its properties.
   THALIC'TRUM ANEMONOI'DES, Meadow
 Rue, Rue-leaved Anenlony ; an indigenous plant,
 flowering in April and Mav.
   THAMARINDUS, Tamarindus.
   THAME. Pollex.
   TIIANASIMUS, Mortal.
   THANATODES, Mortal.
   THAN'ATOID,  ThanatoVdes ;  from Davaros,
 'death,'  and ethos, 'resemblance.'  Resembling
 death.  Apparently dead.
   THANATOL'OGY,  Thanatolog" ia,  Thnesco-
 log'la, from  Oavaros, 'death,' and Xoyos, 'a dis-
 course.'  A description, or the doctrine, of death.
   THANATOS, Death.
   TIIAP'SIA,  from  the  island  Thapsus.   The
 deadly carrot,  thapsia ascle'jiias.  Family, Um-
 bellifera?.  Sex. Syst. Pentandria Digynia.   The
 root operates violently, both upwards  and down-
 wards.   It is not used.
   THAPSUS BARBATUS, Verbascum nigrum.
   THARSI, see Tarsus.
   THASP1UM  ACTjEIFOLIUM,  Ligusticum
 actaeifolium.
   Thaspium  Atropurpu'reum,  Th.  corda'tttm,
 Round heart.  Order, Umbelliferae.  The flowers,
 which appear in June, are of a dark purple.
   Thas'pium Barbino'de, 3Icadow Parsnep.  An
 indigenous plant, of the Northern and Western
 States, which flowers in June.  Flowers, yellow.
   Both   plants  have been esteemed  vulnerary,
 antisyphilitic, and diaphoretic; and as antidotes
 to the bite  of a rattlesnake.
   Thaspium Cordatum, Th. atropurpureum.
   THE,  Thigh.
    THE, Thea— t. des Apalaches, Ilex vomitoria
 —t. du  Canada, Gaultheria—/. Composi, Species
 —t. d'Europe, Salvia veronica—t. de France, Sal-
 via—t. de Jersey, Celastrus—t. de la Mer du Slid,
 Ilex vomitoria—t. dn Mexique, Chenopodium am-
 brosioides— t. de Simon Fault, Myrica gale— t.
 Suisse, Falltranck.
   THEA, Chaa, Tea, (¥.) Thi.  There are two
 principal species of tea-plant; the Thea Bohe'a,
 and Thea vir'idis; the black tea, and the green.
 Ord.  Camellieae.   Sex. Syst. Polyandria Mono-
 gynia.   In commerce, many kinds of tea are met
 with.   Several  of the differences between  these
 appear to result from the age nt which the leaves
 have been collected,  and the mode of their  desic-
 cation.
   Tea-drinking was introduced into Europe  about
 the year  1666; since which time its use has become
 almost universal; and, in spite of the assertions of
 medical  terrorists, it  is, except in particular idio-
 syncracies, entirely harmless.
   By an analogical  transference, very common
 in language,  the word Tea has been used almost
 synonymously  with  infusion, as  Beef tea, Mint
 tea, ifec
    Thea  Germanica, Veronica.
   THEBE'SIUS, VEINS OF.  A name given to
 supposititious  branches  of  the coronary  veins,
 which Christopher Adam Thebesius,  a German
 anatomist,  described as  opening into the  heart
 J by  small  depressions   observable in  the  right
|j auricle;  nnd  which have  been  called Foram'ina 
TIIECA
908
THERIACA
Thebe'sii.  No such veins can be demonstrated.
The  valve, at the orifice  of the coronary vein,
in the right ventricle, is called Valvula Thebe'sii,
V. Guiffartiilna, V. vena magna,
  THECA,  Case,  Vagina,  Sheath —t. Cerebri,
Cranium — t. Cordis,  Pericardium — t. Folliculi,
see Folliculi Graafiani—t. Vertebralis, see Verte-
bral canal.
  THECI'TIS, from theca, and itis, denoting in-
flammation. A term, of hybrid formation, signify-
ing inflammation ofthe sheaths of tendons.
  THEIN, see  Coffea Arabica.
  THEION, Sulphur.
  THEIOPEG^E, Waters, mineral (sulphureous.)
  THEIOTHERM^E, Waters, mineral, sulphu-
reous.
   THELASIS,  Lactation.
   THELASMUS, Lactation.
   THELASTRIA, Nurse.
   THELE, Nipple.
   THELI'TIS,  (F.)   Thilite; from  6nXv,  'the
female  nipple,'  'the  female breast,' and itis, de-
noting inflammation.  Inflammation of the nipple.
   THELON'CUS, Mastoncus.
   THELORRHAG'TA, from  SriXt}, 'nipple,' and
payn, ' a rupture.'  Hemorrhage from the  nipple.
   THELOS, Mamma.
   THELYGON'IA,   from  SijAot. 'pertaining  to
the female sex,' and yovn, ' generation.'  The part
taken by tbe  female in  the  act of generation.
Also, nymphomania.
   THELYGONUM,  Sperm (of the female.)
   THELYPTERIS,  Pteris aquilina.
   THENAD, Thenal.
   THENAL,  Thenar; same  etymon  as  thenar.
 Relating or appertaining to the thenar.
   Thenal Aspect.   An aspect towards the side
 on which the thenar is situated.—Barclay.  The-
 tiad is  used, adverbially, by the same writer, to
 signify ' towards the  thenal aspect.'
   THENAR, Sevap, from Sevto, ' I strike,'' I push.'
 The palm of the hand, or sole of the foot.
   Thenar, Flexor brevis pollicis manus, Palm.
   Thenar or Thenal Em'inence is the  projec-
 tion  at  the anterior  and  outer part of the hand,
 formed  by the  abductor  brevis, opponens, and
 flexor brevis pollicis.
   Thenar  or  Thenal Muscle.   Riolan and
 Winslow give  this   name to the  fleshy mass,
 formed of the abductor brevis, opponens pollicis,
 and the interior part of the flexor brevis pollicis.
 In the  foot, Winslow gives the name Thenal mus-
 cle to the abductor and flexor brevis pollicis pedis.
   THEOBROMA CACAO, Cacao.
   THEOMANIA, Demonomania.
   THEOPLEGIA, Apoplexy.
   THEOPLEXIA, Apoplexy.
   THEORETTCAL,  Theorelicus,   Theo'ricus,
 frora Setitptut, ' I contemplate.'  (F.) Thioritique,
  Thiorique.  That which is confined to theory, or
 is connected with it.  An epithet also applied to
 a sect  of physicians, who founded their doctrine
 chiefly on reasoning.
   THEORIA,  Theory.
    THEORIQUE, Theoretical.
   THE'ORY,  Theo'ria.  (¥.)  Thiorie.    Same
 etymon.  The speculative part of a science.  The
 connexion established  in the  mind between a
 general fact, or the least possible number  of gene-
 ral facts, and all the particular facts dependent
  thereon : for example, the motions of the heavenly
 bodies, and the most important natural pheno-
  mena are connected  with a single fact, previously
 known by observation; viz. that the force of gra-
 vity acts inversely according to the square  ofthe
  distance.  This constitutes the theory of univer-
  sal gravitation.  Theory must not  be confounded
  with system.   Theory regards nature as it is,  and
  is a rigid deduction from facts.   System  is too
often  the creature of the  imagination, to which
nature is made to bend.
  Theory of Med'icine,  Irlstitutes of Medicine,
Theoretical Medicine, is that part of the science
which  attempts  philosophically to  account for
the various phenomena  that  present themselves
during health  as well as  in  disease.   It is tho
philosophy of Medicine.   The Institutes of Medi-
cine are  generally considered to comprise  Phy-
siology and its  applications  to Pathology, Hy-
giene, and Therapeutics.   By some tbey are con-
sidered to include  General Pathology and Gerif-
ral  Therapeutics.
  TUEIOTHERMiE, Waters,  mineral, sulphu-
reous.
  THERAPEIA, Curation, Therapeutics.
  THERAPEUSIS, Therapeutics.
  THERAPEUTA, Therapeutist.
  T1IERAPEUTICE, Therapeutics.
  THERAPEU'TICS, Therapeu'tice,  Therapeu'-
sia,   Therapeu'eis,   latrotecll nice,   Therapei'a,
Therapi' a,  Curato' ria   Meth' otitis,   Methodus
Meden'di, Practice  ofi  Physic, (¥.)  Thirajreu-
tique,  Thirajiie, from Sepaircvur, 'I  wait upon, I
alleviate, I attend upon  the sick.'  That part of
medicine, the object of which is the treatment of
disease.   With  others, the  department  which
comprises an explanation  of the modus operandi
of medicines.
   THER APE UTIQ UE,  Therapeutics.
  THERAPEU'TIST, Therapett'ta.  Same ety-
mon.  One who practices  therapeutics.  A  prac-
titioner of medicine.  To  be  a good therapeutist,
a man must be well versed in every department
of medicine, and be capable of observing and rea-
soning well.  He  may  be a  good  observer, and
yet a bad reasouer.  He cannot practice well un-
less he is both.  Hence, the comparatively  small
number of good therapeutists.
  THERAPIA, Therapeutics.
   THERAPIE, Therapeutics.
  THERIA, Radzyge.
„ THERIAC, Theriaca—t.  of Antipater,  Anti-
patri theriaca.
   THE'RIACA,  SnpiaKa,  The'riac,  from Si?p, 'a
ferocious  or venomous animal.'   Treacle, Melas-
ses, (¥.) Thiriaqtie.  Also, a medicine, believed
to be capable  of curing or preventing the effects
of  the bite of a venomous animal.  In this sense
it is  chiefly used  by writers.   Theriac and The-
riacal have been used adjectively for  medicinal.
   Theriaca Anduom'achi,  Venice  Treacle, is an
ancient alexipharmic electuary;  consisting of a
farrago of  61 different ingredients,  which pos-
sessed the most  opposite properties.   It was in-
vented by Andromachus  of Crete,  and prepared
by order of Nero.  It has received  various modi-
fications; and, to the discredit  of the Faculti de
Midecine of Paris, long  held  its place in their
 Codex, with even an additional number of  ingre-
 dients.   The Electua'rium  Opia'tum polyjihar'-
macum of the Codex has contained  acid  ingre-
 dients, 5; astringent, 5;  bitter,  22;  indigenous
 aromatics, 10 ; umbelliferoua aromatica, 7; balsams
 and  reainoua aubstancea,  8; fetid ingredients, 6;
 narcotics, 1; earthy substances,  1 ; gummy or amy-
 laceous, 4;  saccharine,  3; total, 72! and  one of
 these the flesh of the viper I  A little more than
 a grain  of opium is contained in each drachm  of
 the compound.
    Theriaca Articulorum, Colchicum—t. Celes-
 tis, Tinctura opii—t.  Communis, Melasses — t.
 Edinensis,  Confectio opii.
    Theriaca  Germano'rum.  An extract  or rob,
 prepared from  juniper berries.  Used as a sto-
 machic.
    Theriaca  Londinen'sis,  Cataplasma Cymlni.
 A cataplasm of cumin seed, bay berries, yerman- 
TII&RIAQUE             909               THORACIC
der, snakeroot, cloves, honey, and sometimes opium,
or syrup of /tojipies.
  Theriaca Rusticorum, Allium.
  THERIAQUE, Theriaca.
  THERIAKI.  In Turkey,opium-eaters, or they
who indulge largely in the use of opium, are  so
called.
  THERIATRICA, Veterinary art.
  TIIERIODES, Ferine.
  THERIO'MA, Thcrion, from 5np, 'a venomous
animal.'  Any extremely malignant ulcer.  Some-
times confined to ulcers of the lungs.
  THE P. TON, Therioma.
  THERIOTOMY, Zootomy.
  THER.MA, Heat—t. Empbytum, Animal heat.
  THERMAE, Stppat,  Ther'mata.  Warin  baths
or springs.  See Waters (mineral.)
  Tiierma  Fabaria, Pfeffers,  Mineral Waters
of— t. Piperinae, Pfeffers, Mineral Waters of—t.
Plumbaria?, Plombieres, Mineral  Waters of.
  THERMAL,  Thermalis;  from Sirpn,  'heat,'
Scppos, ' hot.'  Relating or appertain ug to heat.
Hot, warm.  As 'a thermal mineral water.'
  THERM ANTICA, Calefacients.
  THERMASMA, Fomentation.
  THER.MATA, Thermae.
  THERMOMETER, see Heat.
  THERM UM EMPHYTUM, Animal heat, Bio-
lychnium.
  THESIS, Beats, from TiBnut, 'to put.'  'A posi-
tion or proposition.' Disjmta'tio inaugura'lis, In-
aug'ural Disserta'tion.  The  name usually given
 to the essay composed by a candidate for gradua-
 tion in medicine, which he is at times required to
 defend publicly.  Often, however, itis a mere form,
 giving useless labour and trouble to the student,
 inasmuch as it  is executed as a  task, and never
 afterwards regarded by the preceptor or by others.
 Sandifort,  Haller, Smellie, and  Stoll,  have pub-
 lished collections of these.
   Also,  a  suffix denoting  'arrangement;' hence
 Diathesis.
   THEVE'TIA A'lIOUAI, Ahouai. The kernels
 of  the nut of this Brazilian  tree are said to be a
 violent  poison.  At  the  Antilles, its  nuts  are
 called Noix de Serpent; and tbey  are used against
 the bites of serpents.
   THEW, Tendon.
   THEY, Thigh.
   THICK-LISTED, Pursy.
   THIGH, Sax. »eoh, Femur, Femen, Cms,  Me-
 rits, Me'rium, (Sc) The, They, (¥.)  Cuisse.   (Of
 old, Femur meant the thigh generally, and espe-
 cially the outer part: —Femen, the inner).   The
 part  of  the lower limb which extends from the
 pelvis to the leg.   The thigh is larger at its supe-
 rior than inferior part, and  has  the form of an
 inverted and truncated  cone, slightly depressed
 from within  outwards.  Above, it is bounded, an-
 teriorly, by the groin ;  externally,  by the hip ;
 behind, by the fold of the nates ; and within, by
 the perineal region.  Below,  it is bounded, ante-
 riorly, by the prominence of the knee ; jtostedorly,
 by the ham.  It is formed of a considerable num-
 ber of muscles,  blood-vessels, lymphatics, nerves,
 Ac. ; and is covered by a strong  aponeurosis.
   THIGHBONE, Femur—t. Neck ofthe, Collum
 femoris.
   THIMBLE WEED, Rudbeckia laciniata.
   THION, Sulphur.
   THIRST,  Sax.  Syjirc»  (D-) Dorst, Sitis,
 Dljtsa, Potio'nis deside'rium, (¥.) Soifi. A simple
 desire or an absolute want for liquids.  Physio-
 logists are not entirely agreed regarding the seat
 of thirst ;  some place it in the fauces  ; others in
 the stomach.  Its immediate  cause is not known.
 Il  has been attributed  to a dry  condition of the
 nervous papilla?  of the  pharynx,  produced  by
 suppression of the salivary  nnd mucous secre-
tions.   This is probably  true; but, again, it is
owing to the wants of the system,— a supply of
fluid being required to compensate the numerous
losses that are constantly taking place.  Thirst
is  an internal sensation, — an instinctive want —
arising  from organization, and inexplicable.  It
is  an urgent symptom in many diseases, particu-
larly in those of vascular  excitement.
   Thirst,  Excessive,  Polydipsia—t.  Morbid,
Dipsosis.
   THIRSTY, Dipsodes.
   THISTLE,  BLESSED. Centaurea benedicta
— t. Cotton, Onopordium  acanthium—t.  Globe,
Echinops—t. Holy, Centaurea benedicta — t. La-
dies', Carduus Marianus—t. Milk, common, Car-
duus Marianus—t. Pine, Atractylus gummifera
—t. Sow, Sonchus oleraceus — t.  Star, Centaurea
calcitrapa — t. Yellow, Argemone Mexicana.
   THLADIAS, Eunuch.
   THLASIAS, Eunuch.
   TH LA SIS, Contusion—t.Depressio, Depression.
   THLASMA, Contusion—t. Concussio, Concus-
sion— t. Stremma, Sprain.
   THLASPI, Pennycress.  Ord. Crucifera?. Sex.
Syst. Tetradynamia Siliculosa.   Two species of
thlaspi  are directed,  in  some  pharmacopoeias,
for medical use:—Thlaspi  arven'ee or Treacle
mustard,  and Thlaspi  campes'tre seu   hirsu'tum
seu vulga'tius, Lepid'ium campes'tre, Lcjlia seu
lbe'ris  campes'tris,  Mith'ridate  mustard.   The
pharmaceutical properties of both kinds resemble
those of common mustard.
   Thlaspi Bursa,  Th. bursa'turn,  Thlaspi seu
 Capsell'a  seu lbe'ris seu  Nastur'tium  seu Rod-
schierl'ia  bursa juisto'n's. Bursa  jtasto'ris,  Sheji-
herd's  purse,  Cocou-ort, St.  James's wort.  Foot-
man's Parmacity, (¥.) F/eurde St. Jacques, Bourse
a  berger ou d jrasteur.  Tabouret.  A common Eu-
ropean  plant, introduced into this  country.  It
is slightly astringent, but is little used.
   Thlaspi Bursatum, Thlaspi bursa. — th. Na-
sturtium, Lepidium sativum—th. Sativum, Lepi-
dium sativum.
   THLTBIAS, Eunuch.
   THLIPSENCEPHALIA.  Derencepbalia.
   THLIPSENCEPH'ALUS. from BXi^-is,  'com-
pression,'  and eysEtjiaXos,  'the  encephalon.'  A
 monster in whom the skull is open, not  merely in
the frontal and parietal, but  also  in  the occipital
regions —a distinct fontanelle not existing.
   THLIP'SIS,  $Xu},is,  Compres'sio.   Compres-
sion, and especially constriction of vessels  by an
 external cause.   Oppression.
   THNESCOLOGIA, Thanatology.
   TIIOLUS, Achicolum — t. Diocleus, Scapha.
   THOMPSO'NIAN.   One  who practises or be-
lieves in Thnnipsoiiianism.
   THOMPSO'NIANTS.M, Thomjt'sonism.  A fan-
 ciful doctrine, of which a person of the name of
 Thompson, of New York, is the founder.  One
 of its leading principles is, that the human body
 is  composed of four elements [?], earth, air, fire
 and water; and  one  of  its apothegms, — that
 metals  and minerals are in the earth, and, being
 extracted  from  the  depths of the earth, have a
 tendency  to carry all down into the earth who
 use them ;  that the tendency of  all vegetables is
 to spring up from the earth, and therefore  to up-
 hold mankind from the grave.
   The  Thompsonians are Botanical Doctors. See
 Herb doctor.
   THORACENTESIS, Thoracocentesis.
    THORACHIQUE,  Thoracic.
   THORACIC, Thorac" icus, from thorax, thora-
 cis, 'the chest;'  (F.)  Thoracique ou Thorachiqtte.
 That which relates  or belongs  to the  chest; as
 Thoracic vis'cera, &C.
   Thoracic  Inferior  Artery, Arte'ria Tlio-
 rac"ica Exter'na Infe'rior seu Longa  seu mam- 
THORACICA              910              THROMBUS
ma'ria externa seu Thoracica inferior, (F.) Deux- I
ieme des Thoraciques (Ch.), arises from the  axil-
lary, a little below the preceding, and descends
vertically over the latter part of the thorax, and
the serratus major anticus.   It afterwards bends
inwards; becomes subcutaneous, and divides into
several branches, which embrace the breast.  It
gives  numerous  ramifications to the  pectoralis
major, serratus anticus, intercostals, ganglions of
the axilla, mamma, &c.
   Thoracic Superior Artery, Arte'ria  Thora-
cica Exter'na Superior, (¥.) Artere thoracique su-
jririeure, Premiere des Thoraciques  (Ch.), arises
from the axillary artery or from the acromial ;
and descends  forwards between the  Pectoralis
major and P. minor, to which it distributes itself
by a great number of branches.  In  some  sub-
jects,  there are two  or  three Arteria  thoracica
externa  superiores.
   Thoracic Duct, Ductus thorac"icus seu thora-
cicus poste'rior seu vertebralis seu  chy'lifier seu
chyli seu  lac'tens seu  ro'rifer  seu Pecqueti seu
 Pecquetia'tius,  Vena alba thora'cis, Alvens ampul-
tes'cens, Distributo'ria lactea thoracica, Galax'ia,
Duct of Pecquet, Alimen'tary Duct, (¥.) Canal ou
 Conduit Thoracique, is the  duct in  which the
lymphatics of  the lower limbs,  abdomen, left su-
perior extremity, left side of the head, neck, and
 thorax terminate.  It begins at the  reeeptaculum
 chyli, which is formed by the union of five or six
 large lymphatic trunks,—themselves formed from
 the union  of all the absorbent plexuses of the
 abdomen.   The  duct  ascends  into   the  chest
 through the pillars of the diaphragm,  and by the
 side of  the aorta and vena azygos.  It contracts
 in dimension, as far as the 6th dorsal vertebra,
 when it inclines towards the left hand; ascends
 behind  the arch  of the  aorta; passes  behind the
 left internal jugular vein, and opens at the poste-
 rior part of the subclavian vein ofthe same side.
 Its embouchure  is furnished with two valves,
 which prevent the blood from  passing from the
 vein into  the duct.
    Thoracic Limbs are the upper limbs ; so called
 because they are articulated with the  lateral and
 upper parts of the chest.
    Thoracic, Long  or Inferior,  Mammary infe-
rior external artery.
    Thoracic Nerves.   The short or anterior tho-
 racic nerves are two in number.  They arise from
 the brachial plexus, and divide into an anterior
 and a posterior branch : — the former distributed
 to the pectoralis major muscle; the latter uniting
 with  a  branch of the other to  form a loop, from
 which numerous branches  are given off  to the
 pectoralis major and p. minor.
    The long thorac'lc nerve, Poste'rior thorac"ic,
 External res'piratory of Sir  Charles Bell, is a long
 branch, which arises from the fourth and fifth cer-
 vical nerves, immediately after their escape from
 the intervertebral foramina, and passes downwards
 to be distributed upon the serratus magnus muscle.
    Thoracic Regions are the different regions of
 the  chest.  Thus  we say,  anterior,  lateral, and
 superior thoracic, &c.
    THORACICA, Pectorals.
    THORACICS, FIRST  OF  THE,  Mammary
 superior external artery.
    THORACIQUE, Thoracic.
    THORACOCENTESIS,  Thoracentesis,  Tho-
 racotomy, from Surpa!;, Surpass,  'the  chest,' and
  Ktvrnots, ' puncture.'  Paracente'sis thora'cis. Per-
 foration of the  chest to evacuate contained fluid
 — as in empyema.
    THORACOCYSTIS, Thoracystis.
    THORACODID'YMUS,  from Swpaf,  Surpass,
 'the  chest,' and Siivpos, 'a twin.'  A monstrosity
 in which twins are united by the thorax.—Gurlt.
    THORACODYNE, Pleurodynia.
  THORACO-FACIAL, Platvsmn myoides.
  THOR'ACO-GASTRODID'YMUS,  Did'ymun
sym'jthyo-thoracogas'trius, Niphodid'ymus: from
$o>paf,  Sutpaxos, 'the  chest,' yuornp, 'the belly,1
and  Stivpos, 'a twin.'  A monstrosity in which
twins  are united by the chest and abdomen.—
Gurlt.
  THORACO-MAXILLO-FACIAL,  Platysma
myoides.
  THORACOMETER,  Stethometer.
  THORACOPATHl'A, from SotpaZ, S(upa*of, 'the
chest,' and -rraBos, ' disease.'  Disease or suffering
in the  chest.
  THORACOSCOPIA,  see Auscultation.
  THORACOSCOPIUM,  Stethoscope.
  THORACOTOMY, Thoracocentesis.
  THORACYST'IS,  Thoracocyst'is, from 0wpaf,
BorpaKos,  'the  chest,' and  kvotis, 'a bladder.'
Encysted dropsy of the chest.   Hydatids in the
chest.
  THORAX, Borpa^,  'a cuirass, a  coat of  mail.'
Cith'arus, Venter me'dius,  Pectus, Stethus, Scutum
pec'toris, Bir, Chelys, Cassa, the Breast, the  Chest,
(F.) Poitrine.  One of the splanchnic cavities,
Cavum thora'cis,  bounded, posteriorly by the ver-
tebra? ; laterally, by the ribs and scapula:  ante-
riorly, by the sternum: above,  by the clavicle:
and  below, by the diaphragm.   It is destined to
lodge and protect the chief organs  of respiration
and  circulation — the lungs  and the heart.
  Thorax,  Corset.
  THORE,  Sperm.
  THORN APPLE, Datura stramonium—t. Red.
Datura Sanguinea.
  THOROUGHSTEM, Eupatorium perfoliatum.
  THOROUGHWAX, Eupatorium perfoliatum.
  THOROUGHWORT, Eupatorium perfoliatum.
  THOROW-WAX, Bupleurum rotundifolium.
  THORULUS STRAMINEUS, Fanon.
  THR^ENINE, see Tears.
  THREADWORM, Dracunculus—t. Long, Tri-
chocephalus.
  THREPSIS, Assimilation, Nutrition.
  THREPSOL'OGY, Threjtsolog"ia, from Spt-lts,
'nutrition,'  and Xoyos, 'a description.'  The doc-
trine of, or  a treatise on,  the nutrition of organ-
ized bodies.
  THREPTICE, Assimilation.
  THRIDACE, Lactucarium.
  THRIDAX, Lettuce.
  THRIFT, LAVENDER,  Statice limonium—t.
American, Statice Caroliniana — t. Sea-side, Sta-
tice Caroliniana.
   THRIX,  Capillus, Hair.
   THROAT, Spote, Snota, Jugulum, Interstit"-
ium Jugula're,  Guttur, Sphage, (Prov.) Chokes,
 Droat, Hattse,  Hose,  (Sc.) Halse, Hawse, Witter.
 The anterior part of the neck.  (F.) Gorge. Also,
 the pharynx.
   THROATROOT, Geum Virginianum,  Liatris.
   THROATWORT, Campanula trachelium.
   THROBBING,  Pulsati'vus,  Sphyg'micus,
 Sphygmo'des, Pulsatory,  (¥.) Pulsatif.  A throb-
 bing pain, (Prov.)  Statrg, (F.) Donleur pttlsative,
 is a kind of pain which is, or seems to be  caused
 or augmented by the pulsation of  arteries.
   THROE, Agony, Pains, labour.
   THROMBI  LACTEI,  Infarctus  mamma?
 lacteus.
   THROMBOCYS'TIS,  from  SpopQos,  'a clot.
 and kvotis, 'a cyst.'  The cyst occasionally sur-
 rounding a clot  of blood — as in  encephalic  he-
 morrhage.
   THROMBOSIS, Coagulation, Thrombus.
   THROMBUS, SpopPos, 'a clot,'from  $pop!3oto,
 ' to coagulate ;'  Thrombd'sis,  Trumbus, Hamato'-
 ma. A small, hard, round, bluish tumour ;  formed
 by an effusion of blood in  the  vicinity of a vein
 which has been opened in the operation  of blood- 
TIIROPILL              911        THYREO-ARYTENOID
letting.   The thrombus is most commonly owing
to the opening in the vein and that of  tbe skin
not corresponding;  to excessive smallness of  the
cutaneous orifice;  or  to small,  fatty granules,
which prevent the discharge of the blood.  Com-
presses, dipped in salt water; camphorated spirit,
nnd slight compression, usually disperse it.   See
Blood.
  Thrombus Neonatorum, Cephalaematoma.
  TIIROP1EL,  Trachea.
  TI1ROPPLE, Trachea.
  THROTTLE, Trachea.
  THROW, Agony, Pains, labour.
  THRO WORT, Leonurus cardiaca.
  THRUSH,  Aphthae— t.  Milk,  Aphthae —t.
 White.  Aphtha?.
   TIIRUSTY, Dipsodes.
   TIIRYPSIS,  Comminution.
   THUJA  OCCIDENTALIS,  Thuya  occiden-
 talis.
   THUMB, Pollex.
   T1IUREA, Juniperus lycia—t. Virga, Junipe-
 rus lycia.
   THUS, see Pinus abies — t. Fcemininum, see
 Pinus  abies — t. Judaeorum, Croton cascarilla,
 Styrax, Thyraiama -— t. Libanotos, Juniperus
 lycia — t. Masculum, Juniperus lycia—t. Verum,
 Juniperus lycia — t. Vulgare, see Pinus abies.
   THUYA  APHYLLA, see  Sandarac.
   Tiiu'ya seu Thuja Occidenta'lis, T. obtu'sa,
  Cuprcs'sus Arbor  Vita,  American  Arbor Vita,
  Tree of Life.   Ord. Coniferae.   The leaves  and
 wood were formerly in high  repute as resolvents,
 sudorifics, and  expectorants, and were given in
 phthisical  affections, intermittent fevers,  and
 dropsies.  The  expressed juice has been applied
 to condylomata. The arrangement ofthe medul-
 lary matter  of the cerebellum, termed  Arbor
  Vita, is also called Thuya.
    THYLACIITIS, Gutta rosea.
    TIIYM,  Thymus.
    THY MA, Thymion.
    THYMALOS, Taxus baccata.
    THYMASTHMA, Asthma thymicum.
    THYMBRA, Satureia hortensis—t. Hispanica,
  Thymus mastichina.
    THYME, CAT, Teucrium  Marum—t. Common,
  Thymus — t. Lemon, see Thymus serpyllum —t.
  Mother  of,  Thymus  serpyllum — t.  Virginia,
  Pycnanthemum linifolium — t. Wild,  Thymus
  serpyllum.
    THYMELJEA, Daphne gnidium—t.  Laureola,
  Daphne  laureola — t. Mezereum, Daphne meze-
  reum— t. Monspeliaca,  Daphne gnidium.
    TUYMELCO'SIS,  from  Svuos, 'thymus,' and
  UXkos,  'an  ulcer.'   Ulceration  of  the  thymus
  gland.
    TIIYMIA'MA,  Svmapa,  ($vta,  'I burn  per-
  fumes') ' a perfume ;' Thus Judao'rum, Muskwood,
  (¥.) Narcajrhte.  A bark from Syria, Cilicia, <fec,
  supposed to be  the product  of the  liquid storax
  tree.   It has an agreeable,  balsamic smell; ap-
  proaching that  of  iiquid storax.
    Thymiama, Fumigation, Suffimentum.
    TIIYMr.-VSIOTECHNIA, Thymiatechny.
    THYMI ASIS, Fumigation.
    TIIYMTATECH'NY,  Thymiatech'nia, Thymi-
  asiotecllnia, Cura finmigato'ria, from Bvptaua, 'an
  odour,' and  rexnn, ' art.'  The art  of employing
  perfumes in medicine.
    THYMIC, Thy'miens, (¥.) Thymique.  Having
 relation to the thymus, as '-thymic  asthma."
    THYMTON, fhyma.  Thymus, Porrum, Porrus,
  Verrn'ca rhagoi'dea Verru'ca minor, from Bvptos,
 ' thyme.'  A small wart  on  the  skin, resembling
 a bud of thyme.
   TIIYMIOSIS, Frambcesia — t. Indiea, Fram-
 boesia.
    THYMIQUE, Thymic.
  TIIYMI'TES. Wine impregnated with thyme.
  THYMI'TIS, from  Svpos, 'thymus,' and  ///»,
denoting inflammation.   Inflammation  of  the
thvmus gland.
  TIIY.MOPATHI'A,  Psychopathi'a, from Svpus,
'the mind,' and iruBos, 'affection.'  A disease of
the mind.
  THYMOS, Rage._
  TIIYMOXAL'ME,  from $v»os,  'thyme,' ofrs,
'acid,' and 'aXs, 'salt.'  A compound of thyme,
vinegar and salt.
  THYMUS, Svpos, G/and'ula Thymus, Corpus
Thymialnnni seu  Thy'mi cum,  Glan'dium,  Thy-
mus gland,  Corpus  incomjirehensiblle of Jos.
Frank.  Sweetbread of the butcher.   An organ,
concerned  in  haematosis, which  is  seated  in
the  upper separation of  the  anterior medias-
tinum.   The thymus   has  the appearance of a
glandular body.  It  is oblong;  bilobate; soft,
and very variable  in  size and  colour.  In the
foetus, it is very large, and contains in a central
cavity — reservoir of the thymus — a milky fluid :
but it gradually  disappears,  and  in  old  age is
scarcely discernible.  The arteries, called thymic,
are from the  inferior thyroid, internal mammary,
bronchial, and mediastinal.  The veins have the
same arrangement.   It  receives  some nervous
filaments from  the pneumogastric  nerves, tbe
phrenic, and the inferior  cervical ganglia.
   Thymus, T. vulga'ris seu tennifio'litis seu hor-
 ten'sis, Common Thyme, (¥.) Thym, T. ordinaire,
 Farigoule.   Ord. Labiatae.   Sex. Syst. Didyna-
 mia Gymnospermia.  This herb has an agreeable,
 aromatic smell; and  a warm, pungent taste.  It
 is reputed  to be  resolvent, emmenagogue, tonic,
 and stomachic.   It is not much used.
   Thymus, Satureia capitata, Thymion—t.  Cala-
 minthus, Melissa calamintha—t. Capitatus, Satu-
 reia capitata—t. Ciliatus, T.  mastichina—t. Cre-
 ticus, Satureia capitata—t. Hortensis, Thymus—
 t. Includens, T. serpyllum.
   Thymus  Mastichi'na, T. cilia'tus,  Marum
 vulga're, Samp'suchus, Clinopo'dia,  Mastich'in a,
 Gallo'rum, Thymbra  Hisjtan'ica,  Jaca In'dica,
 Common herb Mastich. A low, shrubby, Spanish
 plant, used as an  errhine.  It has a smell like
 mastich. Its virtues resemble those of the Marum
 Syriacum ; but it is said to be less powerful.
   Thymus Multiflorus, Melissa  nepeta—t. Ne-
 peta, Melissa nepeta.
   Thymus, Reservoir of the, see Thymus.
   Thymus Serpyl'lum,  T. inclu'dens, Her'pylos,
 Herpyllos, Serpyllum,  Serpullum,  Serpillum,
 Gila'rum,  Serpyllum vulga're minus, Mother of
 Thyme, Wild  Thyme, (¥.) Serjtolet.   This  plant
 has the same sensible properties  as  the garden
 thyme; but  has a milder and rather more grate-
 ful flavour.  Lemon Thyme, the Serpyllum citrtl-
 tttm, is merely a variety of the Thymus Serjiyllnm.
 It is very pungent; and has a particularly grate-
 ful odour, approaching that of lemons.
   Thymus Sylvaticus,  Clinopodium vulgare —
 th.  Sylvestris, Satureia  capitata — th. Tenuifo-
 lius, Thymus — th. Vulgaris, Thymus.
   THYRA, Bvpa, 'a gate, folding-door.' In com-
 position, Thyreo and Thyro, Svptos, 'a shield re-
 sembling a folding-door,' mean the thyroid car-
 tilage.
   THYREMPHRAXIS, Bronchocele.
   THYREO, Thyro,  in  composition, relating to
 the thyroid cartilage  or gland.
   THYREOADENITIS, Thyreoids.
   THYREO -ARYT'ENOID,  Thyro-arytendi-
 deus or Thyro-arytenoides.  That which relates
 to  the thyroid and  arytenoid cartilages.
   Thyreo-arytenoid Lig'aments, Inferior Liga-
 ments ofi the Larynx, Lijrs of the Glottis,  Vocal
 Cords, are two ligaments  about two lines broad,
 formed  of elastic and parallel fibres, which are 
THYREO-EPIGLOTTIC       91
contained in a duplicature of the  mucous mem-
brane of the larynx.  They extend horizontally
from the anterior projection at the base of  each
arytenoid cartilage to the middle of the angle of
union of the thyroid cartilage.   They are the
essential organs of voice.  See Glottis.
  Thyreo-arytenoid Muscles,  Thyreo-ary-
tenoidei, are thin muscles, which arise from the
middle and inferior  part of the posterior surface
of  the thyroid  cartilage;  whence they proceed
backwards and  outwards, to be inserted into the
outer part of the base of the arytenoid  cartilage.
They give  the necessary  tension to the ligaments
of  the  glottis,  in the production of the voice.
Santorini has given  the name Thyreo-arytendi-
deus obliquus to a portion of the arytenoideus
muscle.
  THYREO-EPIGLOT'TIC, Thyreo-ejtiglotti-
deus, Thyrejriglotlicus.  Sabatier and  Santorini
have given this name to the outer portion of the
thyro-arytenoid muscle; because  it passes  from
the thyroid  cartilage to  the anterior part of the
epiglottis.
  THYREO-HYOID,  Thyro-hydidetis,  Thyro-
hyo'ides,  Hyodeothyreo'des.  That  which belongs
or relates to the thyroid cartilage and os hyoides.
  Thyreo-iiyoid  or Hyo-thyroid  Membrane
is a very broad,  yellowish, fibrous  membrane,
thicker at the  middle than at the extremities,
which is attached, above, to the posterior surface
of  the body and great cornu  of the os  hyoides;
and, below,  to  the whole superior edge of the
thyroid cartilage.
  THYREO-HYO'fDEUS   or  Hyo-thyredideus
Muscle  is situate  at  the anterior and  superior
part of the neck.  It is  attached  to the oblique
line on the  anterior  surface of the thyroid car-
tilage ;  to  the inferior edge of the body ofthe os
hyoides, and to the anterior portion  of its great
cornu.   It approximates the  thyroid  cartilage
and os hyoides to each other, by raising the car-
tilage, and  with it the  whole larynx :  or, it can
depress the os hyoides.
   THYREO-PHARYNGEUS, Thyro-Pharyn-
geus.
   THYREOID, Thyroid.
   THYREOIDIEN, Thyroideal.
   THYREOTDEUS,  Thyroideal.
   THYREOI'TIS, Thyreo'ddeni'tis, Thyredidltis,
Angi'na thyreoidea,  from Svpeos,  'a shield,'and
itis, denoting inflammation.   Inflammation ofthe
thyroid gland.
   THYREONCUS, Bronchocele.
   TIIYREOPHRAXIA, Bronchocele.
   THYREPIGLOTTICUS, Thyroepiglottic
   THYRO, see  Thyreo.
   THYRO-ARYTENOID, Thyreo-arytenoid.
   THYRO-CRICO-PHARYNGEUS, see Crico-
pharyngeal.
   THYRO-HYOIDES, Thyreo-hyoid.
   THYRO-PHARYNGEUS, Thy'reo-pharyngens.
Valsalva, Morgagni, Santorini, and Winslow have
given this name to the portion of  the constrictor
pharyngis inferior, which is attached to the thy-
roid cartilages.
   Thyro-Piiaryngeus,  Constrictor  pharyngis,
see Crico-pharyngeal.
  THYRO-PHARYNGO-STAPHYLINUS,  Pa-
lato-pharyngeus.
  THYROCELE, Bronchocele.
  THYROID,  Thy'reoid,  Thyrdi'des, from  Svpa,
'a  gate or folding-door,' or from Svpenc, 'a shield,'
and tiios, 'form.'  That which has the shape of a
folding-door.
  Thyroid Car'tilage,  Cartila'go Scntifor'mis
seu Scuta'lis seu Clypea'lis, Cooperto'rium, C. Pel-
talis seu pelta'tus. Scutum, Ada'rni Morsds Os,
is the largest of the cartilages of  the larynx, at
TIBIA
the anterior part of which  it is  stituntc  It ia
larger transversely than vertically; broader above
than below; and seems formed by tbe junction
of the  two quadrilateral plates, which produce,
by their union, an angle that projects forwards.
Its two posterior margins terminate  above, and
on each side, by an  ensiforra prolongation, called
the greater cornu ofi the thyroid cartilage, corn a
supe'rius  sou  longum; and,  below,  by  a  less
prominent eminence, the  lesser cornu, Cornu  in-
fie'dus seu breve, which  is articulated with  tbo
cricoid.
  TnYROID Gl.AND, Corpus Thyredideum, Glan'-
dula Thyreoidea, (¥.) Gland ou Corps Thyroidr,
is an organ, the uses of which  are not  known.  It
covers  the anterior and inferior part of the larynx,
as well as the first rings of the trachea, and seems
to be composed of two lobes, flattened  from before
to behind, which  are united by a transverse pro-
longation of the same nature ns themselves, called
the Isthmus.  The tissue  of the thyroid is soft,
spongy, and of a brownish colour; but its inti-
mate  structure is unknown.   It  is  formed  of
several distinct lobules;  collected in  lobes  of
greater or less size.  These  are composed  of
granulations, some  of  which contain  a yellowish
or milky fluid.   The thyroid gland receives four
large  arteries, called Thyroideal, as well as cor-
responding veins.   Its nerves proceed from  tbe
pneumogastric, and from the cervical ganglia.
No excretory duct has ever been found in it.   Its
uses are not known.
  THYROIDEAL,  Tliyrdideus, Thyredidens,(¥.)
Thyrdidien, Thyrio'idien.   That which concerns
the thyroid gland or cartilage.
  Thyroideal Arteries are two on each side.
1. The auperior Thryoideal, eujrerior laryngeal,
superior guttural, arises from the anterior part of
the external carotid, and proceeds to the upper
part of the thyroid  gland, after having given  off
a laryngeal, branch  and a crico-thyroid.  1. The
inferior  Thyroideal,  in fie'rior gut'tural, much
larger  than the last, arises  from the  upper part
of the subclavian.    It  passes, in a serpentine
manner, to the inferior part  ofthe thyroid gland,
to which  it is distributed, after having given a
number of branches to the neighbouring parts,
among which is the cervicalia  ascendens.
  Thyroideal Veins  are, 1. A superior- thyroid-
eal, and  several  middle thyroideal,  which open
into the internal jugular vein.  2. An inferior
thyroideal, much larger than the preceding, whose
branches  form — by anastomosing with those of
the opposite side,  in  front of the  trachea — a
very remarkable venous plexus, which J. Cloquet
calls the  infra-thyroideal plexus.   The inferior
thyroideal veins  open, — the  left into the corre-
sponding  subclavian; — the right, into the vena
cava superior.
   THYROlDIEN, Thyroideal.
  THYROPHRAXIA, Bronchocele.
  THYRSUS, Penis.
  TIIYSSELINUM, Peucedanum palustre.
  TIIYSSELIUM  PALUSTRE,  Peucedanum
palustre.
   777?/- PERONEO - TARSIEN,    Peronaeus
longus.
  TIB'IA.  A Latin word, which signifies a flute
or pipe.   Cneme, Procne'me, Pracnc'minm, Fo'cile
majus, Arutldo seu Canna  major.  Carina major
seu domes'tica cruris, Shinbone. The largest bone
of tbe  leg. A long, irregular, and triangular bone,
situate on the  inner side of the fibula.   It, has. 1,
A Superior or femoral extremity, which is very
large,  rounded,  and has  two  eminences at  the
sides, called Tuberosities  of the Tibia, or Tibial
tuberosities.  The outermost  is articulated with
the fibula.  On  its  bead are two articular, ova!,
concave surfaces, separated by a process, called 
TIBI^US
913
TILIA
 Spme of the tibia, which are articulated with the
 condyles  of the Os femoris.   2.  An  inferior or
 tarsal  extremity, having  an articular surface be-
 neath, which joins the astragalus; within, a tri-
 angular eminence, which forms the malleolus in-
 ternus; and, on the outside, a triangular surface,
 which articulates with the fibula.  3. The body
 or shaft of the tibia has three faces, separated by
 three angles, the anterior  of which is the most
 prominent, and is called the spine or criata ofi the
 tibia or tibial spine.  It is the sAtn.  The tibia is
 articulated  with the femur, fibula, and astragalus.
 It is developed by three points  of ossification,
 one for the  body, and one for each extremity.
   Tibia Minima, Fibula.
   TIBIiEUS,  Tibial.
   TIB'IAL, Tibialis, Tibia'ue,(¥.) Tibial, Jam-
 bier.  From tibia.  That which  relates  to  the
 tibia or to the leg.
   Tibial Aponeuro'sis,  (F.) Aponivrose Jam-
 biere, surrounds the muscles of the leg.  It is con-
 tinuous, above, with the femoral aponeurosis, and
 arise^, also, from the head of the fibula, and from
 several fibrous expansions which detach them-
 selves from  the tendons of the triceps, sartorius,
 gracilis, and semitendinosus.  Thence it descends
 around the  leg, attaching itself to tbe whole ex-
 tent of the  anterior and inner edges of the tibia.
 It sends,  below, an expansion, which passes be-
 fore the  tendo Achillis,  and is continuous  with
 the anterior annular ligament of  the tarsus.  It
 is attached, also, to the  sheath  of the  peronei
 muscles.
   Tibial Arteries are two in number.   1.  Ar-
 te'ria Tibialis Antica, which arises from the pop-
 liteal,  before its bifurcation : passes immediately
 through the opening in the upper part of the in-
 terosseous ligament, and reaches the anterior part
 ofthe  leg;  when it turns downwards, and  de-
 scends  obliquely, between the extensor communis
 digitorum pedis and the tibialis anticus, anterior
 to the  interosseous ligament; glides under  the
 anterior annular ligament of the tarsus, and takes
 the  name Dorsalis tarsi.  Amongst the numerous
 branches, given off by the tibialis antica, may be
 distinguished — the  Tibialis recur'rens, A. mal-
 leola'ris interna, and A. malleotaris  externa.   2.
 A. Tibialis postica,  arises from  the  bifurcation
 ofthe popliteal  artery;  and, slightly tortuous,
 descends  between the two planes of the posterior
 muscles of  the leg;  until it arrives under  the
 arch of the calcaneum, where it divides into two
 branches—the Plantar arteries.
   TIBIAD,  see Tibial aspect.
  # TIBTAL  ASPECT.   An aspect towards  the
 side on which the tibia is situated.—Barclay.
 Tibiad is used adverbially by the  same writer, to
 signify, 'towards the tibial  aspect.'
   Tibial Nerves  are two in number.  1.  The
 anterior tibial  nerve,  Pritibio-susjilantaire, (Ch.)
 One of the  two branches in which  the external
 popliteal  terminates.  It accompanies the arteria
 tibialis antica.  2. The  posterior  tibial  nerve,
 Branche  tibiale dn nerf fiimoro-poplitie (Ch.), is
 the internal popliteal.
   Tibial Veins, Anterior and Posterior, have
 the same  arrangement as the arteries which they
 accompany.
   TIBTA'LIS  ANTI'CUS, Cate'na  mtts'culus,
 (¥.) Tibio-sus- mitatarsien,  Tibio-sustarsien (Ch.),
 Jatnbier antirieur.   A  muscle situate at  the an-
 terior part of the leg.  Above, it  has the shape
 of a triangular prism ;  below, it  is slender  and
 tendinous.   It is attached,  above, to the anterior
 part of the  external  tuberosity of the tibia; to
 the superior half  of  the outer surface of that
 bone; and to the anterior surface of tbe interos-
seous ligament.  Below, its tendon terminates at
tho base of the first cuneiform bone, and at the
        53
' posterior extremity of  the  first metatarsal bone.
 This muscle bends the foot on the leg, and directs
 its point inwards, at the same time that it raises
 its inner edge.   It can, also, bend the leg on tbe
 foot, and prevent it from  falling backwards in
 standing.
   Tibialis Gracilis, Plantar muscle.
   Tibialis Posti'cus, (F.)  Tibio-tarsien, Tibio-
 sous-tarsien (Ch.), Jatnbier postirienr. This mus-
 cle is situate at the posterior and deep part of the
 leg.  It is thicker  above than below ; and is at-
 tached,  above, to  the  posterior  surface  of  tbe
 fibula; to the  posterior surface of the tibia, and
 to the interosseous ligament.  Its tendon termi-
 nates, below, at the  tuberosity on  the  inferior
 extremity of the  os scaphoides.   This muscle  ex-
 tends the foot on the leg; at the  same time rais-
 ing its inner edge.  It, likewise, extends the  leg
 on the foot.
   TIBIO-CALCANIEN, Soleus—t. Phalanget-
 tien,  Flexor longus  digitorum  pedis profundus
 perforans—t. Sous-tarsien, Tibialis posticus — t.
 Sus-mitatarsien,  Tibialis anticus—t.  Sus-tarsien,
 Tibialis  anticus.
   TIB'IO-TARSAL,  Tibio-tar'sens, (¥.) Tibio-
 tarsienne.  What relates to the  tibia and tarsus.
   Tibio- Tarsal Articula'tion is the articula-
 tion  of  the  foot with the leg.   It  is formed by
 the tibia and the astragalus; and is strengthened
 by lateral, and by anterior and  posterior liga-
 ments.
   TIBIO- TARSIEN,  Tibialis posticus.
   TIC, Twitching,  Vellication.  A local  and ha-
 bitual convulsive motion of certain muscles; and,
 especially, of some  of  those of the face.  It is,
 sometimes, called Tic convulsif ou Tic non doulou-
 reux, Histrionic Spasm  of the Face, to distin-
 guish it from Tic douloureux or neuralgia faciei,
 and has  been  termed  a jtartial chorea  or form
 of chronic  chorea,  Spasmus facialis,  Chore'a
 fa'ciei.
   TIC DOULEUREUX, Neuralgia, facial — t.
 non douloureux, see Tic.
   TICKLE WEED, Veratrum viride.
   TICKLING, (Sc.) Kittling, Kitilling, (¥.) Cha-
 toitillement.  This word, sometimes, means the
action of tickling  (titilla'tio,  ti tilia'tion;)  at
 others,  the sensation  produced  by  this action
 (pruritus).  A vivid sensation, which commonly
 causes  laughter, and  a state of  general spasm
 that  may be dangerous if too  long  protracted.
 There are some parts of the body, where  we are
 easier tickled than  others; for example,  the sole
 of the feet, and the hypochondriac regions.
   TICKSEED SUNFLOWER, Coreopsis tricho
 sperma.
   TICKWEED,  Hedeoma —t. Sunflower, Core-
 opsis trichosperma.
   TICO'REA FEBRIF'UGA; a Brazilian plant.
 Order, Rutacea?,  the  bark of which  is intensely
 bitter, astringent and antiperiodic
   Ticorea Jasminiflo'ra.  A decoction  of the
 leaves is said to.be drunk by the Brazilians as a
 cure for frambcesia.
   TIDAL AIR, see Respiration.
   TIERCE, see  Tertian.
   TIGE  PITUITA IRE,  Infundibnlum  of  the
 brain — t. Sus-sphino'idale,  Infundibulum of the
 brain.
   TIGILLUM, Crucible.
   TIGLIA  seu  TIGLII GRANA,  see  Croton
 Tiglium.
   TIGRETIER,  see Mania, daneing.
   TIGULA,  Saccharum.
   TIKIMMA, Cacoucia coccinea.
   TILBURY, MINERAL WATERS OF.  A sa-
line chalybeate at West Tilbury, in Essex, Eng-
land.   It is not much frequented.
   TIL'IA, T. Europa'a sea- g<randiflo'ra seu cor- 
TILIA AMERICANA          914                TINCTURA
difo'lia seu pauctfio'ra seu plataphyll'a, (akin to
treXea, 'the elm  tree').   Philyra.  The Lime or
Linden tree,  (¥.)  Tilleul.   Ord. Tiliaceae.   The
flowers have  been supposed to possess anodyne
and antispasmodic virtues.
  TILIA AMERICA'NA.  T. glabra seu Cana-
den'sis,  Linden,  Linn,  Basswood,  Whitewood,
S/toonwood.  A mucilage prepared by macerating
the inner bark in cold water, has been applied to
burns.   It may  be  made into a  cataplasm by
thickening it with bran.
  Tilia Glabra, T. Americana — t. Canadensis,
T. Americana.
   TILLEUL, Tilia.
  TILLICHERRY  CORTEX, Nerium  antidy-
sentericum.
  TILMA, Linteum.
  TILMOS,  Evulsion.
  TILMUS, Carphologia.
  TILY, OF THE INDIANS, Viburnum denta-
tum.
  TIMAC.  The name of an East India root, but
of what vegetable is not clear.  It is said to pos-
sess  diuretic properties; and hence  has been
given in dropsies.
   TIMBRE (¥.), 'the sound of a bell.'  The
quality  of sound by which  one voice, or one in-
strument, can  be distinguished  from  another
when producing the same note.
   TIMIDUS, Rectus  inferior oculi.
   TIN, (D.) Ten.  Stannum, Cassit'eros,  Cat-
 til eros, Stangos, Ju'piter, Stilpia, Laos, Plumbum
 album seu can'didttm, (¥.) Etain. A solid metal;
 of a peculiar odour when rubbed; insipid ; colour
 whitish; s. g. 7-291;  giving a peculiar  tinkling
 sound when  struck.  It is used, in medicine, only
 as  a  mechanical  anthelmintic.  Dose, gj of the
 Pulvis Stanni, Stannum granuta'tiini or Granular
 tin, in molasses.  This is made by melting tin in
 an iron vessel over the fire, and, while it is cool-
 ing,  stirring until  it  is reduced to a  powder,
 which is passed through a sieve.—Ph. U. S.
   Tin, Butter of, Tin, muriate of—t. Chloruret
 of, Tin, muriate of—t. Deutohydrochlorate of,  T.
 muriate of.
   Tin-Foil, Stannum folia'tum,  Stanni'olum, is
 used for plugging carious teeth, <fcc.
   Tin-Glass, Bismuth—t.  Granular, see Tin—t.
 Muriate of, superoxygenated, T. muriate of.
   Tin, Muriate of, Fuming liquor of Libu'vius,
 Mu'rios Stanni  seu  Oxyd'uli Stanni, Butter  or
 Chlor'uret or Deilto-hydro-chlorate or Superoxy-
 gena'ted Muriate of  Tin.   This is formed of tin,
 one part; concentrated muriatic acid, three parts.
 To be crystallized by the aid of heat.  A violent
 cathartic.  Dose, gr. ij  or iij.
   Tin, Sulphuret of, Aurum musivum.
   TINAGMUS, Concussion.
   TIN ASM US, Tenesmus.
   TINCTU'RA,  from tiugere, tinctnm, ' to dye.'
 Tincture,  Essen'tia, (¥.) Teinture Alcoolique, Al-
 cooli, Alcohol, Alcoolature.   The term tincture is
 generally restricted  to  spirituous solutions  of
 vegetable, animal, and some saline substances.
 It corresponds, therefore, with the word Quintes'-
 cence, in  one of its old significations;  and with
 the Aleoola'turn of the Codex of Paris.  It is not
 unusual, however, to speak of aqueous tincture,
 ethereal tincture (Ethirolature, Beral), &e. Tinc-
 tures are  usually made either with pure alcohol
 or proof spirit.  The  former  are  precipitated by
 water;  and, therefore,  are  seldom  used  inter-
 nally; the latter are  common additions to infu-
 sions, decoctions, <fec They ought not, of course,
 to be united with any vehicle  which can decom-
pose  them, or separate any thing from them in a
palpable form;  unless such decomposition is de-
sired  by the prescriber.  In  making  tinctures,
the  ingredients  should  be reduced  to a coarse
powder; nnd the maceration  be made in close
vessels, exposed to a heat of about r>0o, and fre-
quently shaken.  When completed, they must be
filtered, and put away for use in  close bottles.
When  the  process of displacement is employed,
great care must be taken, so that tho substances
treated may be, as far as possible,  exhausted  of
their soluble  principles,  and a  perfectly clear
tincture be obtained.   To those who  aro  not fa-
miliar with the process, the plan of maceration is
preferable.—Ph. U. S.
  Tinctura  Absin'thii  Compos'ita,  Essen'tia
absin'thii composita seu amara, Compound Tinc-
ture of wormwood.   (Absinth.,  artem.  pontic,
caryojth. aa /jss, sacch.  !Jij>  alcohol. Oss.  Mace-
rate for fifteen  days. Ph.  P.)   Tonic, stomachic,
vermifuge, and carminative.   Dose, f^ij to f^ss.
  Tinctura Acacia  Catechu, T. catechu — t.
Acetatis ferri  cum alcohole, see T. ferri acetatis
— t. Acidi sulphurici, Sulphuricum acidum aro-
maticum.
  Tinctura Aconi'ti, (Ph. U.  S. 1842.)   Tinc-
tu'ra Aconi'ti folio'rum, (Ph. U. S. 1851.)   Tinc-
ture ofiAc'ttnite, (Aconit.fiolior. ^iv, alcohol, dilut.
Oij.  Macerate  for 14  days,  express, and filter
through paper.  It may also be made by dis-
placement.  Ph. U. S.)  Dose, gtt. xx or xxx.  It
is rubbed on the seat  of neuralgia.
  Tinctura Aconi'ti Radi'cis,  Tincture ofi Aco-
nite root, (Acouit.  radicis  contus. Ibj, Alcohol.
Oij.  Macerate for 14 days ;  express and filter.
It  may also be prepared by displacement.  Ph.
U.  S.)  Uses same ns the last.
  Tinctura jEthe'rea  Camphora'ta,  Sohltio
cam'phora athe'rea,Liquor tiervlnus Bang'ii,Spi-
ritue sulphu'rico-atherens camphora'tus, Najththa
vitrioli camphora'ta.  (Camphor, p. i. AEther sul-
phuric, p. ii.)   Stimulant in  atonic diseases, ar-
thritic cardialgia, and  spasm.  Dose, 20  to  30
drops in white  wine.
  Tinctura ^Etherea Ferri, Alcohol (seu Tinc-
tura) sulphurico-aethereus  ferri — t. Aleohnlica
Chinae composita, T. cinchonae composita—t. Al-
coholica corticum aurantiorum Whyttii, Tinctura
cinchona? amara — t. Alexipharmaca Huxhami,
Tinctura cinchonae composita.
  Tinctura Al'oes,  T. Aloes  Socotori'na,  Es-
sen'tia Aloes, Alcohol cum Aloeperftilia'td, Tinc-
ture of Aloes.   (Aloes, pulv. 3J, ext.  glycyrrh.
^iij, aqua Oiss, alcohol. Oss.  Macerate for  14
days, and filter.  Ph. U. S.)   Properties, those
of aloes.  Dose, f §ss to ft^iss.
  Tinctura Aloes JEthe'rea, T. Aloes vitriola'-
ta,  JEthe'real  Tincture of Aloes.   (Aloes Socot.,
Myrrh.,  aa ^iss, croci  3J, sp. atheris sulph.  Oj.
Digest the myrrh in  the ether for 4 days ; then
add the aloes  and  saffron.   Ph. E.)  Stimulant
and cathartic.   Dose, f t!Jj ta f £\j.
  Tinctura Aloes Compos'ita, Elix'ir Propn'e-
ta'tis seu aperiti'vum seu Aloes, Tinctura Aloes
cum Myrrhd seu Aloes et Myrrha (Ph. U. S.,) seu
Aloea  et Myrrha croca'ta,  Elixir of  long life.
Compound Tincture of Aloes, (¥.) Elixir del ongue
vie, Baume  tie  vie de  Leliivre, (Aloea, in pulv.,
(^iij, croci,  £j, Tinct. Myrrha,  Oij.)  Macerate
for 14 days, and filter.  Purgative and stomachic.
Dose, f 5Jj to f ^ij.
  Boerhaave's  Elixir consisted of aloes, myrrh,
saffron, and tartrate of potassa, digested in alco-
hol and  witter.
  Radcliffe's Elixir  is  formed of  Aloes socotr.
J5vji cort. cinnam., rad. zedoar, aa  I^ss, rad. rhei
gj, coccinell. SjSS, syrup, rharnni ^ij, sp. tenuior.
Oj, aqua pura fjjv.
  Tinctura Aloes et  Myrrha,  T. aloes com-
posita— t. Aloes et myrrhae crocata, T. A. com-
posita— t.  Aloes vitriolata.  T. A.  aetherea—■  t.
Amara,  T.  gentiana?  composita—t. Ammoniae
composita,  Spiritus  ammonias  succinatus —  t. 
TINCTURA              915               TINCTURA
Amomi repentis, T. cardamomi—t. Amomi zin-
giberis, T. zingiberis.
  Tinctura Angustu'ra, T. Cuapa'da, Tincture
of Angustura. (Cort. cuspar. in pulv. crass, redact.
gij. sjt. vin. ten. Oij.  Digest. Ph. D.)   Dose, f£j
to f 3 i j -
   Tinctura  Antifebrilis Warburgi,  see Be-
beeru.
   Tinctura  Antiodontal'gica,  Toothaeh  Tinc-
ture.    (Tannin.  Qj, Maatich. gr. v,  ather. gij.
M.)  To be applied on  cotton wool to the  to'oth
previously dried.
   Tinctura   Aristolochia  Serpentaria,  T.
serpentariae — t.  Aromatica,  T.  cinnamomi  com-
posita—t. Aromatica ammoniata, Spiritus ammo-
nia? aromaticus.
   Tinctura  Assafce'tida,  T.  Fer'ula Assafce-
tida, T.foe'tida sen assafcetida, Tincture of Assa-
fatida.  (Assafoetid. 3|iv, alcohol. Oij.   Mace-
rate for 14 days  and filter.   Ph. D.)   Dose, gtt.
xv to f £j.
   Tinctura  AssafcetiDjB Ammoniata,  Spiritus
Ammonia? foetidus.
   Tinctura   Auran'tii,  T. Cor'tids Aurantii,
 Tincture of Orange Peel.  (Aurant. cort. recent.
^iij, sp. rect. Oij.  Digest  for  14 days.)   Sto-
machic   Used  as  an  adjunct  to   stomachic
draughts.  Dose, f^ss to f^'j-
   Tinctura Aurea, Alcohol  seu tinctura sulphu-
rico-aethereus ferri.
   Tinctura  Belladon'na,  Tincture of Bella-
donna.  (Belladonna, ^iv,  alcohol,   dilut. Oij.
Macerate for 14 days ; express, and filter through
paper.   It may,  also, be prepared by displace-
ment.   Ph. U. S.)
   Tinctura  Benzo'ini  Compos'ita,  T. Ben'zoes
comjtosita, Bal'samum Cathol'icum seu Per'sicum
seu traumat'icuin, Elixir traumaticttm, Compound
 Tincture ofi Benzoin, Friur's or  Vervain's Bal-
sam,  Wade's  or  Jesuit's drops,  Commander's  or
 Wound Balsam, Balsam for  Cuts. (Benzoin.^uj,
styrac. purif. t^ij, Balsam, tolttt. t^j, aloes,  in pulv.
t^ss, alcohol.  Oij. Macerate for 14 days and filter.
Ph. U. S.)  Stimulant.   Used chiefly to  wounds
and ulcers.
   The basis of Turlington's Balaam of Life, Tur-
lington's Balsam, is the Compound Tincture  of
Benzoin.   The following form  is  recommended
by a committee of the  Philadelphia  College  of
Pharmacy:—Alcohol. Oviij, Benzoin."^xi), Styrac.
liquid, ^iv, Aloes Socotrin. g), Balsam. Peruvian.
5ij,Myrrk<E,^j, Rad. Angelic. t^ss. Balsam. Tolttt.,
Ext. Glycyrrh. aa ^§iv.   Digest  for 10 days, and
strain.
   Tho  Essence of Coltsfoot consists of equal parts
of the   Compound Tincture of Benzoin and Bal-
sam ofi Tolu,  to which is added double the quan-
tity of Rectified Spirit of VPi'iie.  It  is sold as a
pectoral.
   Tinctura Buchu, T.Bucku, Tincture of Buchu.
(Bitch, ^v, Alcohol, dilut. Oij (Imp. meas.). Di-
gest for seven days and filter.  It may be made,
also, by percolation.   Ph.  E.)   Dose,  f£j  to
f^iv.
   Tinctura Bucku, Tinctura Buchu.
   Tinctura Calum'ba, T. Columba  seu Colom-
ba (Ph. U.  S.), Tincture of Columbo, Columbo
Bitters, (Colitmb.  rad.  cont. ^iv, alcohol,  dilut.
Oij.  Macerate for  14 days ; express, and  filter.
Ph. U.  S.)  Dose, f£ss  to f^iv. It may, also,  be
made by displacement.
  TincT/Ura Camphora, Spiritus camphorae.
  Tinctura  Cam'phora  Compos'ita,  T.  Opii
Camphora'ta (Ph.  U. S.), Compound  Tincture  or i
Camphorated  Tincture  of Opium, Elixir Pare- !
gar'icum, Paregoric Elixir.   (Opii,  in pulv., j
Acid Benzoic, aa £j ol.  anisi, f 3J, mellis despu-
mat. ^ij. Camphor. J^ij, alcohol, dilut. Oij.   Ma-
cerate  for 11 days, aud  filter through  paper. Ph. |
 U. S.)   One fluidounce contains  nearly gr. ij of
i opium.   Anodyne.   Dose, f 3j to f 3 i i j -
   Squire's Elixir, an empirical carminative pre-
 paration, is thus made, according to one formula.
 (Opii' Alv,  camphor,  ^j,  cocciuell. £}, foenicul.
 dulc. 31J, tinct. serpent.  Oj, sp.  anisi. cong. ij,
 aqua Oij, auri musivi, 5vj.)
   Tinctura Can'nabis In'dica,  Tincture of In-
 dian Hemp. (Ext. Cannab. purif. ^ss (avoirdu-
 pois), sp. rectificat.  Oss (Imp. meas.)   Dissolve.
 Ph. D.)  Dose, about 40 drops.
   Tinctura Canthar'idis, T. C.  Vesicato'ria, T.
 Lytta seu Meloes vesicato'rii,  Tincture ofi Cantha-
 rides, Tincture ofi Blistering Flies, T. of Spanish
 Flies, (¥.) Teinture rubifiarite.  (Cantharid. cont.
 ^ij,  alcohol, dilut.  Oij.  Macerate for  14  days;
 express, and filter.  It may, also, be prepared by
 displacement.   Ph.  U. S.)  Stimulant and diu-
 retic, but not often used internally.  Externally,
 stimulant.  Dose, gtt. x.
   Matthew's Injection, a once celebrated nostrum
 for  fistula in  ano,  consisted wholly of a  dilute
 Tincture of Cantharides.
   Tinctura Cap'sici, Tincture of Capsicum or
 Cayenne Pepper.  (Capsic. ^j, alcohol, dil. Oij.
 Macerate for 14 days, and filter.  It may, also,
 be prepared  by displacement. Ph. U. S.) Stimu-
 lant.  Dose, f.^ss to f£j.
   Tinctura Cardamo'mi,  T. amo'mi  repen'tis,
 Tincture of  Car'damoms.   (Cardam.  cont.  ^iv,
 alcohol, dilut.  Oij.  Macerate for  14 days, strain,
 and  filter.  It  may, also, be made by  displace-
 ment.  Ph. U. S.)   Use, the same as the  seeds.
 Dose, f,^j to f ^iv.
   Solomon's  Balm of Gilead, an empirical prepa-
 ration, seems  to be an aromatic  tincture, — of
 which  Cardamoms  form  a leading  ingredient,
 —made with brandy.  Some affirm that it con-
 tains cantharides.
   Tinctura Cardamomi  Compos'ita,  Tinctura
 Stomach'ica, Compound Tincture of Card'amoms,
 Stomach  Tincture. (Cardamom, cont. 3vj- Carui.
 cont. 3'j« cinnam. cont. £v, Uva  passa demptis
 acinis,  ^v, cocci, cont. ^j> alcohol,  dilut.  Oiiss.
 Macerate for 14 days; express and filter.   Ph.
 U. S.)   Stomachic and carminative.  Dose, f^ij
 to f 3iv.
   Tinctura  Carminati'va Syl'vii, Alcoola'turn
 Carminatlvum Sylvii, Carminative Elixir of Syl-
 vius. (Rod. angelic. 4 p., rad. imperator., galang.
 aa 6 ft., fiol. rosmarin., majoran., ruta,  basilic, aa
 48 p., baccar. laur.  nobil. 12 p. sem. angelic, li-
 gust. levist., arris, aa 16 p., zingib., nuc. moschat.
 aa 6 p., cinnam. 12 p., caryoph., cort. limon. aa 4
 p.  Add  alcohol 1500 p.   Macerate  and  distil,
 1000 p.   Ph. P.)  A  warm stomachic,  carmina-
 tive, ic.  Dose, f£ss t0 f,?ss.
   Tinctura  Cascaril'la, T. Croto'nis Eleuthe'-
 ria,  Alcohol cum Croto'iie  Cascarilla, Tincture
 of Cascarilla.   (Cascarill. cort. cont. ^iv, 8^>. ten.
 Oij.  Ph. L.)   Dose, fjj to fsjiv.
   Tinctura  Casto'rei, T. Castorei Ros'sici seu
 Castorei  Canaden'sis, Essen'tia Castorei, Alcohol
 castoria'tum,  Tincture  of Castor.  (Castor  cont.
 ^ij, alcohol.  Oij.  Macerate for 7 days, express,
 and filter. Ph. U S.)  Tonic and antispasmodic.
 Dose, gtt. xx to f-Jij; or more.
   Tinctura  Castorei Compos'ita, T. C.  ammo-
 nia'ta,  Comjtound Tincture of Castor.   (Cast. J|j,
 g. asafiietid. ^ss, alcohol, ammnniat. Oj.  Ph. E.)
 Antispasmodic. Dose, f ^[j to f.^iv.  Called, also,
 Elixir fie'tidnm, Tinctura castorei fat i da sen fce-
 tida amrnom'a'ta.
   Tinctura  Cat'echu, Tinctura  Jajtonl'ca seu
 Mimo'sa Catechu seu Aca'cia Catechu, Tincture
 of Catechu.    Catec.h. ,^iij, cinnam.  contus.  ^ij,
 alcohol, dilut.  Oij.    Macerate for 14 days, ex-
 press and filter.  Ph. U. S.)  Astringent.   Dose,
 f3J "> I3U- 
TINCTURA
916
TINCTURA
  The Concentrated Solution of Charcoal,so\d for
cleaning the teeth, seems to be little  more than
the tincture of catechu.
  Tinctura  Chirett'a,  Tincture of  Chiret'ta.
(Chirett. cont. J$v, (avoird.) alcohol, dilut. Oij.
(Imp.  meas.)  Macerate for  14  days.  Ph. D.)
Dose, f 3J> or f ^ij, as a tonic.
  Tinctura  Cicuta, T. conii maculati.
  Tinctura  Cincho'na,  T. Cor'tids  Peruvia'ni
Simplex seu  Cort. Peruvia'ni, Tincture of Cincho-
na  or of Bark.   (Cinchon. fiav.  in  pulv. ^vj,
alcohol,  dilut. Oij.  Mncerate for 14 days, ex-
press, and filter through paper.  It may, also,  be
made  by displacement.  Ph. U. S.)   Dose, f3J
to f'3>v> or more.
   Tinctura Cincho'na Ama'ra  seu  alcohol'ica
cort icum  aurantio'rum  Whyttii  seu  Kinki'na
ama'ra, Elixir antihypochondri'acum  seu rob'-
orans  Whyltii  seu  Whyttii seu stomachicum
spirituo'sum, Essen'tia  Cor'tids Peruvia'ni Com-
posita.   (Cinch,  p.  viij,  Gentian. Rad., Cort.
Aurant. p. iij.  Alcohol. (-900) 96 p. Digest. Dose,
one or two teaspoonfuls.)
   Tinctura  Cinchona Ammonia'ta,  T.  Cor'tids
Peruvia'ni  volat'ilis, Ammoniated  or   Volatile
 Tincture of Bark.  (Cinchon. luncifol. cort. Cont.
^iv, sp. amnion, aromat. Oij.  Ph. L.)   In dys-
pepsia, combined with acidity and languor.
   Tinctura  Cinchona jEthe'rea  Compos'ita,
 T. Kina Kina  athe'rea  compos'ita, Elixir'ium
 Antisejf ticum  Docto'ris   Chaussier,  Chaussier's
 Antisep'tic Elixir.   (Cinchon. officin.  i;ij, cas-
 carill. §ss,  cinnam.  3''j>  c>'oci  3SS> sacch. alb.
 gxxxviij.  Put these bruised into a matrass, and
 add i-iii.  alb. Hisjianic. vel vin. muscat., alcohol.
 aa Oj.   Macerate for two days, and add sulphuric
 ether fZpss.   Ph. P.)  Tonic, stimulant, and an-
 tiseptic.   Dose, f3ss to ft^j.
   Tinctura Cinchona  Compos'ita,  T.  Cor'tids
 Peruvia'ni  Composita  seu  febrifuga  Docto'ris
 Hnxha'mi sen Alexijihar'maca Huxhami seu Al-
 cohol'ica  China Compos'ita, Essen'tia China seu
 Cor'tids  Peruvia'ni  Alexiphar-'maca Huxhami
 seu  antisep'tica  Huxhami,  Compound  Tincture
 of Cinchona or Bark, Huxham's Tincture  of Bark.
 (Cinchon. rubr. pulv. ^ij, aurant. cort. cont. ^iss,
 serpent,  cont. .^iij, croci,  santal.  aa  3J> alcohol.
 dilut. f'^xx.  Macerate for 14 days, express, and
 filter.   Ph.  U. S.)   It  may, also, be  made  by
 displacement.   More grateful than  the simple
 tincture.  Dose,  f ^j to f 3i'j-
    Tinctura Cinnamo'mi,  T. Lauri  Cinnamomi,
 Essen'tia Cinnamomi, Tincture of Cinnamon. (Cin-
 nam. cont. ,^iij, alcohol, dilut. Oij.  Macerate for
 14 days, express, and filter.  Ph. U.  S.)   It may,
 also, be prepared by displacement.   Stomachic.
 Dose, f^j to f 3ij.
    Tinctura Cinnamo'mi  Compos'ita, T. seu  Es-
 sen'tia Aromatica, Alcool cum. Aromatibus Com-
 pos'itus,  Compound Tincture of  Cinnamon, (¥.)
 Eau  de  Bonferme  ou  d'Armagnac.   (Cinnam.
 cont.  5;j, car-dam.  cont. ^ss, zingib. cont. 3'uj,
 alcohol,  dilut. Oij.  Macerate for 14 days,  ex-
 press, and  filter.  Ph. U. S.)  It may, also,  be
 prepared by displacement.  Use, same as the iast.
 Dose, f 3J to f 3'0-
    Tinctura Cocci Cacti,  Tincture of Coch'ineal.
 (Cocci pulv. 3;ij (avoird.), alcohol, dilut. Oj. (Imp.
 meas.  Ph. D.)  Chiefly  a colouring ingredient.
 At times, given in nervous affections.   Dose,  gtt.
 xij to f 3j.
    Tinctura  de Cochlea'biis,   Alcoola'tum  de
  Cochlea'riis seu antiscorbu'ticum.  (Fol. cochlear.
 recent. 2500 p.,  rad. armoracia,  230 p., alcohol.
 (22° to 32° Beaume) 3000  p., distil off 2000 p.
 Ph. P.)  Antiscorbutic.   Dose, f^ij  to f^j.
    Tinctura  Col'chici,  T. C. Sem'inis,  (Ph. U.
 S.), Tincture of Colchicum Seed.  (Colchic. sem.
[ cont. ^iv, alcohol, dilut. Oij.  Macerate for 14
 days,  express, and filter.  Ph.  U. S.)   It  may,
 also, be prepared by displacement.  Dose, ten to
 sixty drops.
   Tinctura  Colchici Composita, Spiritus  col-
 chici ammoniatus—t. Colchici seminis, T. colchici
 — t. Colombw, T.  Calumbae.
   Tinctura  Coni'i,  T. C. Macula'ti. T. Cicu'ta,
 Tincture of Hemlock.  (Conii fiol. .^iv, alcohol.
 dil. Oij.  Macerate for 14 clays, express, and filter.
 Ph. U. S.)   It  may  also be  made  by  displace-
 ment.   Use; — tho same as that of the  leaves.
   Tinctura  Conii Maculati, T. conii — t. Con-
 volvuli  Jalapae,  T. jalapii—t. Corticis  aurantii,
 T. aurantii — t.  Corticis Peruviani composita, T.
 cinchonae comp. — t. Corticis Peruviani simplex,
 T. cinchonae — t. Corticis Peruviani volatilis, T.
 cinchonae ammoniata.
   Tinctura  Croci  Sati'vi,  T.  Croci,   Tincture
 ofi Saffron.   (Croci Angl. cont. ^j, alcohol,  dilut.
 |xv.  Ph. E.)  Slightly stomachic [?].  Do?e,f3J
 to f.^iij.
   Tinctura  de  Croco Compos'ita, Elixii-'inm de
 Gams,  Alcoola'tum  de Croco Compos'itum, Com-
 pound  Tincture  of Saffron,  Elixir  of Gurus.
 (Aloes Socotr. 320 p., myrrh. 64  p., croci. 32 p.,
 cinnam., nuc. moschat., caryojth. aa, 16 p., alcohol.
 1000 p. aq. fior. aurant. 5000 p.   Digest for two
 days;  distil  4000  p. and add  syrup of capillaire,
 5000 p.   Ph. P.)   Aromatic, cordial, stomachic.
 It is also called  Elixir cordia'le et stomachicum,
 and E. anticol'icum  croca'tum.
    Tinctura  Croto'nis, Tincture of Croton.   Un-
 der  this  name  Mr.  E. Wilson  recommends 'a
 most valuable cutaneous stimulant,' made by add-
 ing four fluidounces of alcohol to one ounce of the
 bruised seeds of Croton tiglium.
    Tinctura  Crotonis  Eleutheria,  T. casca-
 rillae.
    Tinctura  Cubeb'a, Tincture of Cubebs.   (Ca-
 leb, cont. ,:f iv, alcohol, dilut. Oij.  Macerate for
 14 days, express,  and filter.   Ph. U. S.)  It may,
 also, be prepared  by displacement.  Dose, one or
 two fluidrachms.
    Tinctura Cusparia, Tinctura Augusturae.
    Tinctura Digita'lis,  T. Digitalis pnrpu'rea,
  Tincture of Digitalis.  (Digital. §iv, alcohol, di-
 lut. Oij. Macerate for 14 days, express, nnd filter.)
 It may, also, be prepared by displacement.  Use,
 same as that ofthe  ieaves.   Dose, gtt.  x.
    Tinctura Er'gota, Tincture of Ergot. (Ergot.
 in  pulv. crass.  ^viij (avoird.),  Sp. tenuior. Oij,
  (Imp.  meas.)   Macerate  for 14 days,  express,
 and filter.   Ph. D.)   Dose,  f 3 to f^ij.
    Tinctura Er'gota .ZEthe'rea, Ethe'real Tinc-
  ture of Ergot.  (Ergot,  contus. ^xv, xEther. Oij,
  (Imp. meas.)  Macerate for 7 days, express, and
  filter.  Ph.  L.)   Dose, 60 to 90  minims.
    Tinctura Febrifuga Doctoris Huxhami, T.
  cinchonas composita. .
    Tinctura Ferri  Aceta'tis, Tincture of Ace-
  tate of Iron.   (Potass, acelttt. §ij, sulph. ferri.
  %'}, sp. rectif. Oij.  Rub the acetate and sulphate
  into  a soft  mass.  Dry and, rub with  the spirit.
  Digest for 7 days, and pour off.   Ph. D.)  Tonic
  and astringent.   Dose. gtt. xx to f^j.   The Dub-
  lin college directs a  Tinctura Acetatis Ferri cum
  Alcohole, which differs from the other, in having
  half the quantity, only, of the Acetate of Potass.
    Tinctura Ferri  Ammonia'ta,  T.  Ferri  Am-
  moniaca'lis  seu Florum martia'lium seu Martis
  Mynsich'ti,  Tincture of Ammoniated Iron.  (Ferri
  ammon. %\v, sp. ten. Oj.  Ph. L.)  Use — same as
  that of the ammoniated iron.  Dose, f ^ss to f 3ij.
    Tinctura Ferri  Ammo'nio-Chlo'ridi,  Tinc-
  ture of Ammam'o-chloride of Iron.  (Ferri ammo-
  nio-chlorid. ^iv, alcohol,  dilut., aqua destillut. 
TINCTURA               917               TINCTURA
ilii Oj. (Imp. meas.)  Dissolve and filter.  Ph. L.)
Dose, gtt. x to xx.
   Tinctura  Ferri Chloridi, T. ferri muriatis.
   Tinctura  Ferri Muria'tis,  T. Ferri chio'ridi
(Ph. U. S.) seu aesqui-chio'ridi seu Mortis in Spi-
ritu Suits seu Martis cum  Spiritu Salis seu Ferri
Mnria'ti,  Liquor Ferri  Muria'tis,  Tincture  ofi
 Muriate of Iron, Tincture ofi Steel, Alcoholfierra'-
 tns.   (Ferri subcarb.  Ibss, oc?'a!.  muriut. Oj,
 alcohol.  Oiij.  Add  the acid to the subcarbonate
 in a glass  vessel, and  shake during three days.
 Pour off and add the spirit.  Ph. U. S.)  Tonic
 and styptic.  It has  been given, also, with ad-
 vantage in erysipelas and scarlatina in  the dose
 of TTP x to TTp xx, every two or three hours.  Dose,
 gtt. x to xx.
   Restueheff's Tincture or Klaproth's Tincture  is
 on ethereal  tincture  of chloride of iron.   It  is
 composed  of dry perchloride of iron,  one part;
 Hoffmann's anodyne liquor, seven parts.
   The Antlvenereal  Drops, at  one time so cele-
 brated at Amsterdam, were examined by Scheele,
 and found to be a tincture of chloride of  iron and
 corrosive sublimate.
   Tinctura  Ferri  Sesquichloridi,  T.  Ferri
 muriatis—t.  Ferula? Assafoetidae, T. Assafcetida?—
 t. Florum  martialiura, T. ferri ammoniata—t. Foe-
 tida, T. assafoetidae — t. Foetida ammoniata,  T.
 castorei  composita — t. Fuliginis,  see Fuligo.
   Tinctura  Gal'bani, Tincture  of  Galbanum.
 (Galb. ^ij, sp. tenuior. Oij.  Ph.  D.)   Stimulant
 and antispasmodic.   Dose, f^j  to f Ziij.
   Tinctura  Galla'rum,  T. Galia, (Ph. U. S.)
 Tincture of  Galls.  (Gall, contus.  ^iv,  alcohol.
 dilut.  Oij.  Macerate for  14 days, express and
 filter.   Ph. U. S.)  It may, also,  be prepared by
 displacement.   Astringent.  Dose, f^j to f Ziij.
   Tinctura  Gentia'na Compos'ita, Tinct. Ama'-
 ra, Elix'ir Stomachicum, Compound Tincture of
 Gentian, Spirit  Bitters.   (Gent,  concis.  ^ij, au-
 rant. cort. ^j, cardam. cont. Jss,  alcoho).  dilut.
 Oij.  Macerate  for  14 days, express, and  filter.
 It  may, likewise, be  prepared  by displacement.
 Ph. U. S.)   Tonic and stomachic  Dose, fsjj to

   Brodum's Nervous Cordial consists of the Tinc-
 tures of  Gentian, Columba, Cardamom, and Bark,
 with the Compound Spirit ofi Lavender, and Wine
 ofi Iron.
   Staughton's Elixir is a  compound tincture of
gentian.  The Elixir'ium Docto'ris Stoughton seu
 Tinctu'ra Ama'ra of the Parisian  Codex is pre-
pared  as  follows: — Absinth,  summit, exsiccat.,
 Teucri chamadrys.  Rod. gentian.,  cort.  aurant.,
aa %v], cascarilla  fy, rhei ^ss, aloea socotr. ^j>
alcohol. Oij.)  Digest.
   Tinctura  Guai'aci,  T. Guaiaci Officina'lia,
 Tincture of  Guaiacum.  (Guaiac.  Ibss,  alcohol.
Oij.  Macerate for 14 days, and filter.  Ph. U. S.)
Stimulant and sudorific. Used especially  in rheu-
matic nnd arthritic cases.  Nearly the same  as
Hill's Essence of Bardana or Burdock.
   Tinctura  Guai'aci Ammonia'ta, T. Guaiaci'na
 Volatilis,  T. Guai'aci, (Ph.  L.  1788,) Elixir
Guaiaci Volatilis, Alcohol cum. Gnalaco offici-
nale  aminnni'attts, A. ammonia et Guai'aci, Am-
moniated Tincture ofi Guai'acum,  Volatile  Tinc-
ture ofi Guaiacum.  ( Guaiac. pulv.  ^iv, sp. ammon.
arom. Oiss.   Macerate for 14  days,  and filter.
Ph. U. S.)  Properties same as the last. Dose,
f3Jt0 f.^'i-
  Hatfield's  Tincture — a  nostrum — consists of
Guaiacum and Soap, aa 3'j- rectified sjtirit, Oiss.
  Tinctura  Hei.leb'ori.  T. Helleb'ori Nigri.  T.
Melampo'dii,  Tincture of Black Hellebore. (Hel-
Icb. nigr. cont. ^iv, alcohol, dilut. Oij.  Macerate
for 14 days, express and filter.  It may also be
prepared  by  displacement.   Ph. U. S.)   Dose,
f3ss to f3J.
   Tinctura Hiera, Vinum aloes.
   Tinctura  Hu'muli,  T. Lu'puli,  Tincture of
 Hops.  (Humuli, %v, alcohol, dilut. Oij.)  Tonic
 and sedative.   Dose, f ^ss to f.^iij.
   Tinctura  Hyoscy'ami,  T. 'Hyoscyami nigri,
 Tincture of Henbane.  (Hyoscyam.fol. ^iv, alco-
 hol. dilut. Oij.   Macerate for 14 days, express and
 filter.   It may also be prepared by displacement.
 Ph. U.  S.)  Narcotic, anodyne.   Dose, gtt.  xx.
 to f^'j-
   Tinctura Io'dini, (PA. U. S.,1842,) T. lodin'ii,
 (Ph. U. S.,  185L)  Alcohol Io'dii, Tincture of
 Iodine.   (Iodin. 3J, alcohol. Oj.   Dissolve.  Ph.
 U. S.)   The  tincture spoils by keeping, or  at
 least, deposits the iodine.    It has been much
 used in goitre, <fec.  Dose, ten drops three times
 a day.
   An ethereal and a chloroform tincture of iodine
 have been used, to affect the system with iodine
 by inhalation.
   Tinctura Iodini Compos'ita, (Ph. U. £.,1842,)
 T.  lodin'ii  Composita,  (Ph.  U.  S, 1851,) Com-
 pound  Tincture ofi Iodine.   (Iodin.  j|ss, Potassii
 iodid. %j, Alcohol.  Oj.   Dissolve.   Ph. U. S.)
 Dose, 10 to 30 drops.
   Tinctura Jala'pii, T. Jala'pa, (Ph. U. S.) seu
 Convolvuli Jalapa, Vali'ga, Tincture ofi Jalap.
 (Jalap, pulv. ^vi, Alcohol,  dilut. Oij.  Macerate
 for 14  days, express, and filter.   Ph. U. S.)   It
 may  also be made by displacement.  Cathartic.
 Dose, f gj to f £iv.
   Tinctura  Jala'pii   Compos'ita,  Elixir  Ja-
 lap'a Compos'itum seu purgans seu anthelmin'ti-
 cum Sueco'rum, Essen'tia cathollca  purgans Ro-
 tllii, (¥.) Eau  de vie Allemande.   (Jalap. Tbss,
 Scammon. ^j, Alcohol. (22°) Ovj.  Macerate for
 eight days.   Ph. P.)  Dose, 60 to 100 drops.
  Tinctura  Japonica,   Tinctura   catechu — t.
 Kina? kina? aetherea composita, Tinctura cinchona?
 aetherea composita—t. Kinkinae amara, Tinctura
 cinchonae amara.
   Tinctura Kino, Tincture  ofi Kino.  (Kino, in
 pulv., jjvj; Alcohol, dilut. q. s.   Put the kino,
 mixed with an equal bulk of sand, into a  perco-
 lator, and gradually pour   on  diluted alcohol
 until f ^ viij of filtered liquor pass.   The tincture
 should  be renewed frequently, and kept in closely
 stopped bottles.  Ph. If.  S.)   Astringent.  Dose,
 I3J t°f;5ij.
  Tinctu'ra KraMe'ria, Tincture  ofi Rhatany.
 (Kramer, in pulv. £vj, alcohol, dilut. Oij.   Mace-
 rate for 14 days, express, and filter.   Ph.  U. S.)
 It may  also be prepared  by  displacement.  Dose,
 f3J ^ f3'J-
  Tinctura Lactuca'rii, Tincture  ofi Lactuca'-
 rium.   (Lactucar. in pulv. ^iv, Sp. tenuior. Oij.
 (Imp. meas.)   Best  prepared by percolation.
 PA. E.)  Dose, 30 minims to f 3J.
  Tinctura Lauri  Cinnamomi, Tinctura cinna-
 momi—t. Lavandula? composita, Spiritus lavand.
 comp.
  Tinctura Limo'nis, Tincture ofi  Lemon peel.
 (Limon. cort. t^iiiss, Sp. tenuior. Oij.  (Imp. meas.)
 Macerate for 7 days, express and filter.x  Ph. D.)
 Dose, fgj to f^'j-
  Tinctu'ra  Lobe'lia, Tincture  ofi Lobelia.
 (Label,  ~,\\; alcohol, dilut. Oij.  Macerate for 14
 days, express, and filter.   Ph. U. S.)  It may
 also be prepared  by displacement.   Dose,  f3J
 to fgij.
  Tinctura Lobe'lia ^Etiie'rea, Ethe'real Tinc-
ture ofi Lobe'lia.  (Lobel. pulv.  ^v,  Sp. ather.
sulph. Oij. (Imp. meas.)   Ph. E. and L.)  Dose,
same as the last.
  Tinctura Lupuli, Tinctura  Humuli, T.  Lu-
pulina?.
  Tinctu'ra  Lupuli'na, T.  Lu'jmii, (Ph.  E.)
 Tincture ofi Lu'puline.   (Lujiulin. 3iv,  alcohol. 
TINCTURA
918
TINCTURA
Oij.  Macerate for 14 days, and filter.  Ph. U. S.)
Dose, f^j to f^ij-
  Tinctura Lytta,Tinctura can tharidis—t. Mar-
tis Glauberi, see  Ferrum tartarizatum—t. Martis
in spiritfi salis, Tinctura ferri muriatis—t. Martis
Mynsichti, Tinctura ferri ammoniata—t. Martis
vinosa, Vinum ferri.
  Tinctura Matico, Tincture ofi Matico. (Matico
in pulv.  crass. § viij,  (avoird.) Sp. tenuior. Oij.
(Imp.  meas.)  Macerate for  14  days, express,
and filter.   Ph. D.)  Dose, f£j to f.^iij.
  Tinctura   Melampodii,  Tinctura  hellebori
nigri—t. Meloes  vesicatorii, Tinctura cantharidis
— t. Metallorum, Lilium Paracelsi — t. Mimosa?
catechu,  Tinctura catechu.
  Tinctura Moschi, Tincture or Essence ofi Musk.
(Mosch.  in  pulv. redact. ^U-  SP-  *1'"* rect.  Oj.
Dose, f 5Jj to f^iv.
  Tinctura Myrrha, Tincture ofi Myrrh, Simple
Tincture of Myrrh.  (Myrrha contusa? §iv, alco-
hol Oiij.   Macerate for 14  days, and  filter.   Ph.
U. S.)  Tonic, deobstruent, antiseptic, and deter-
gent.   It is  chiefly used in gargles, and applied
to foul ulcers, spongy gums, <fcc
  Hudson's  Preservative for the Teeth and Gums
consists  of Tinct. myrrh., tinct.  cinch., aq. cinnam.
aa ^iij,  eau d'arquebusade Sj, pulv. gum. Arab.
§ss.  M.
  Tinctura Nervina Bestucheffii,  Tinctura
seu alcohol sulphurico-aethereus ferri—t. Nervina
Halensis, Tinctura  seu alcohol  sulphurico-aethe-
reus ferri—t. Nervino-tonica, Lamotte's, Alcohol
seu Tinctura sulphurico-aethereus ferri.
  Tinctura Nucis Vom'ica,  Tincture of Nux
Vomica.   (Alcohol, s.  g. 837, f.^j; Dry Extract
of Nux  Vomica,  3  gr.)  Dose,  gtt. v to xxx, in
cases where the nux vomica is  indicated.
  It is directed, in  the last edition  of the Ph. U.
S. (1851), to be prepared as follows: — Nucis vo-
mica  rasur.,  §V''J >  alcohol, Oij.  Macerate for
14 days, express, and filter.  It may also be pre-
pared by the process of displacement.   Dose, gtt.
v to xx.
  Tinctura Olei Mentha Piperi'ta, Tincture
of  Oil of Peppermint,  Essence ofi Peppermint.
(01. mentha piperita, f.^ij, alcohol. Oj.  Dissolve.
Ph. U. S.)  Dose, 5 drops, as a carminative.
  Tinctura Olei Mentha Vir'idis,  Tincture ofi
Spearmint, Essence ofi Spearmint, is made in the
same manner.  Ph. U. S.
   Tinctura O'pii,  T.  Theba'ica  seu Sedati'va,
Theriaca coeles'tis, Alcohol cum  Opio, Tincture
of  Opium,   Liquid Lau'danttm.   (Opii  pulv.
§ijss,  alcohol, dilut. Oij.   Macerate for 14 days,
express, and filter.  Ph.  U. S.)   Nineteen minims
contain  about one grain of opium.  Properties,
those of opium.  Dose, gtt. xx to lx and more.
By macerating the dregs remaining after making
the Tinctura Opii in. a solution of Tartaric Acid,
a solution is obtained, which is said to  be devoid
of the exciting and constipating properties of the
tincture  of opium.  Gray calls  it Haden's Liquor
Opii  Seelati' vus.
   Tinctu'ra Opii Aceta'ta, Ac"etated Tincture
of Opium.  (Opii §ij ; acer?', f^xij ; alcohol. Oss.
Rub  the opium with the vinegar;  add the alco-
hol, and having  macerated for 14 days, express
and filter.  Ph.  U. S.)  Twenty drops  are  equi-
valent to a  grain of opium.
   Tinctura Opii Ammonia'ta,  Ammo'niated Tinc-
ture  ofi  Ojiium,  Edinburgh  Paregoric Elix'ir.
(Fior. benz., croci,  aa Xiij, opii 5Jij, ol  anisi 5Jss,
alcohol,  ammoniat.  f^xvj.   Digest.   Ph. E.)
f J5J contains one grain of opium.   Used like the
Tinctura Camphora Composita.
   Tinctura  Opii  Camphorata,  Tinctura  cam-
phorae composita — t. Plumbosa, Liquor Plumbi
subacetatis  dilutus.
   Tinctura  Quas'sia,   T.   Quassia  excel'scs,
 Tincture of  Quassia.   (Quassia rasur. ^ij,  al-
cohol, dilut. Oij.  Macerate for 14 days, express,
and filter.   Ph. U. S.)   It may also be prepared
by displacement.  Tonic  Dose, f^j to f'^ij.
  Tinctura  Quas'sia  Compos'ita,  Comjiniind
 Tincture  of  Quas'sia   (Curdum. sent,  contus.,
 Cocci contus. aa ^ss ; Cinnam., Quassia, aa 3vj i
 Uvarpasar, ,^vij; Sp. tenuior. Oij (Imp. mens.;.
Digest for 7 days; express and  filter.  May  be
prepared also by percolation.  Ph. E.)   Dose, as
a tonic, f£Jj or f 3'j-
  Tinctura Quina Compos'ita, Compound Tinc-
ture  of  Qui'na.   (Quinia sulph,  £v  and Q.i i
 Tinct. aurantii, Oij, (Imp. meas.) Oij.  Digest  tor
7 days and filter.  Ph. L.)  1'3J. contains a grain
of the sulphate.
  Tinctura  Qui'nIjE  Sulpha'tis,  Tincture  of
Sulphate of Qui'nia. (Suljihate of Quinia, gr. vj ;
alcohol, (-847) f^j.  M-)  Dose, f'$j  to f'^iv, in
tbe day.
  Tinctura  Cincho'nia  Sulpha'tis may be made
in a similar manner.                         »
  Tinctura Rhabarbari, Tinctura rhei—t. Rha-
barbari  composita,  Tinctura rhei composita — t.
Rbabarbari vinosa, Vinum rhei palmati.
  Tinctura Rhei, T. Rhubarb'ad seu  Rhabar-
bari spirituo'sa seu Rhoei seu Rheipalma'ti, Tinc-
ture  of Rhubarb.   (Rhei  contus. ^iij, cardam.
cont.  £**,  alcohol,  dilut. Oij.  Macerate  for  14
days, express,  and filter.   It may  also be pre-
pared by displacement. Ph. U. S)   Stomachic
or purgative, according to the dose employed :
■3J t0 3'J» as a stomachic;  f3'v to §j, as a pur-
gative.
  Tinctura  Rhei  Compos'ita,  T. Rhabarbari
composita, Compound Tincture of Rhubarb.  (Rhei
rad.  concis. ^ij, glycyrrhiz. rad.  cont. 5SS> z'"-
gib.  rad. concis., croci stigmat.  aa  3'j> aqua
f^xij, sp. ten. Oj.   PA. L.)  Properties same as
the last.
  Tinctura  Rhei et  Al'oes,  Elixir sacrum,
Tincture of Rhubarb  and Aloes.   (Rhei concis.
^x, aloes pulv. gvj, cardam.  cont.  Sjss, alcohol.
dilut. Oij.   Macerate for 14  days, express, and
filter.  Ph.  U.  S.)  Properties like the last.
  Rymer's  Car'diac Tincture consists of an infu-
sion  of  Cajtsicum, Camphor,  Cardamom  seeds,
Rhubarb, Aloes and Castor in Proof Sjtirit, with
a very small quantity of Sulphuric Acid.
  Tinctura Rhei et Gentia'n^e, Tinctura Rhei
Ama'ra,  Tincture  of  Rhubarb  with  Gen'tian.
(Rhei cont. ^ij, gentian, cont. ^ss, alcohol, dilut.
Oij.   Macerate for 14 days, express  and filter.
PA. U. S.)  It  may also be prepared by displace-
ment.  Properties same as the last.
  Tinctura Rhei et Senna, Tincture of Rhu-
barb and Senna, Warner's  Gout Cordial.  (Rhei
cont.  ^j, senna,  JJij, coriandr. cont.,  ficenicnl.
cont. aa  3Ji santal. rasur. ^ij, croci, ext. glycyr-
rhiz. rad. aa 3SS> >"'"r-  passar. acinis exemptis,
Ibss, alcohol, dilut.  Oiij.  Macerate for 14 days;
express  and filter.  Ph. U. S.)  Dose, f3ss  to

  Tinctura  Rhcei,  Tinctura  rhei — t.  Rhcei
amara, Tinctura rhei et  gentianae — t. Sacra,  Vi-
num aloes.
  Tinctura  Sanguina'ria,  Tincture ofi Blood-
root.  (Sangninar. cont. ^iv, alcohol,  dilut. Oij.
 Macerate for 14 days, express, and filter.  PA. U.
 S.)  It may also  be  prepared by  displacement.
 Dose, 30 to 60 drops.
  Tinctura  Saponis Camphorata, Linimentum
saponis — t. Saponis et opii, Linimentum saponis
et opii.
  Tinctura Scilla,  Tincture of Squill.  (Scilla
t^iv, alcohol,  dilut. Oij.  Macerate  for  14 days,
 express, and filter.  It  may also be made by dis-
 placement.   PA. U. S.)  Dose, gtt. xv to lx.
  Tinctura Sedativa, Tinctura opii. 
TINCTURE
919
TINCTURE
  Tinctura Senn>b, T. Senna Comjms'ita, Elixir
Sa!ulis,J>affy's Elixir, Tincture of Senna.  (Sen-
na fiol. ,^iij, cat-ut aem. cont. JJiij, cardam. sem.
cont.  3.1-  uvarum jtassarum demptis  acinis, 3jiv,
sp. ten. Oij.   PA. L. & D.)  Stomachic, carmina-
tive and cathartic.   Dose, f^ij to f gj.
  Tinctura  Senna  et Jala'pa,  Tincture  of
Senna aud Jalap.   (Senna ^ijj, jalap, pulv. 3J,
coriundr. cont., cai-Hi cont, aa jfss, cardam. cont.
J5ij, 8occA. £'\v, alcohol, dilut. Oiij.  Macerate  for
14 days, express, and filter. PA.  U.  S.)   It may
also be  prepared  by displacement.   Dose, f^ij
to fgj.
  Tinctura Skrpenta'ri^:, T. Serpenta'ria seu
 Virginia'na seu Aristolochi'a Serjientaria, Tinc-
 ture of Snakerooot.  (Rad. serpent, giij, alcohol.
dilut.  Oij.  Macerate for 14 days,  express, and
filter.   PA. U. S.)   It may also be  prepared  by
displacement.   Tonic.   Dose, fgss to f^'j-
   Tinctura  Stomachica,  Tinctura  cardamomi
 composita.
   Tinctura  Stramo'nii,  Tincture  of  Stramo'-
 nium.  (Stramon.  aem.  cont. giv, alcohol, dilut.
 Oij.   Macerate for 14 days, express, and filter.
 PA. U. S.)   It may also be prepared by displace-
 ment.  Dose, ten to twenty minims.
   Tinctura Strych'nia, Tincture of Strych'nia.
 (Alcohol, s. g. "837, Oj, Strychnia, gr. iij.) Dose,
 6 drops to 24.  Properties, those of strychnia.
   Tinctura (seu Al'cohol) Sulphu'rico-JEthr-
 REUS  Ferri, Gutta nervi'na, Liquor Anod'ynus
 Martia'lis,  Alcohol at he're us ferr a'tits, Naph'tha
  Vitrioli Martia'lis, Solutio Muriatis ferrici athe-
 rea,   S/iir'itus  suljihurico-athe'reus  martialis,
  Tinctu'ra nervi'na Halen'sis seu Toriico-nervi'na
 Halen'ais seu au'rea seu nervina Bestucheffi.i  seu
 nervi no-ton'ica (Lamotte's) seu  athe'rea ferri,
 xEther Martia'lis,  De  La Motte's Golden Drops,
 Bestucheff's Nervous  Tincture, (¥.)  Elixir d'Or
 de M. le  Giniral De La Motte.  An ethereal solu-
 tion of muriate of iron.   It is much used in gout,
 hypochondriasis, <fcc.
   Tinctura  Sulphuris Volatilis, Liquor  fu-
 mans Boylii — t. Thebaica, Tinctura opii, Vinum
 opii.
   Tinctura Toluif'era^ Bal'sami, T. Bal'sami
  Tolitta'ni,  T.  Toluta'ni (Ph.  U. S., 1842.),  T.
  Tolnta'na (Ph. U. 'i., 1851), Tincture of Balsam
 of Tola, (Bids. Tolutan. §iij, alcohol Oij.)  Re-
 puted to be expectorant and corroborant.  Dose,
 f3ss  to fgj, or more.
   Tinctura  Tonica Nervina Halensis, Tinc-
 tura (seu Alcohol) sulphurico-aetherea ferri.
   Tinctura  Valeria'na, Tincture  of Valerian.
 (Valerian,  cont. giv, alcohol,  dilut. Oij.  Mace-
 rate  for  14 days, express, and strain.   It may
 also  be prepared  by displacement.   Ph.  U.  S.)
 Stimulant and antispasmodic.  Dose, f £ss to f^ij.
   Tinctura Valeriana Ammonia'ta, T. Valeri-
 ana Volat'ilis, Ammo'niated or Volatile  Tincture
 of Valerian.  ( Valeriana cont. giv, sp. ammon.
 arom. Oij.   Macerate for  14 days,  express, and
 filter.  It  may also  be made by displacement.
 PA. U. S.)  Like the former.  Dose,  f£ss to fsjij.
   Tinctura Vera'tri, T.  Veratri albi,  Tincture
 of  White  Hellebore.   (Rad.  veratri  alb.  cont.
 ^viij, alcohol, dilut. Oijss.  Ph. E.)   Emetic and
 cathartic;  but not very manageable.  Dose, gtt.
 v to x.                    „.,.„..,.
   Tinctura  Zingib'eris,  T. Amo'mi Zingiberis,
 Tincture of Ginger.  (Zingib. cont, gviij, alcohol.
 Oij.   Macerate for 14  days, express, and filter.
 It may also be made by displacement.  PA. U. S.)
 Stimulant and carminative.  Dose, f^ss to f3J.
   TINCTURE, Tinctura—t. of Aconite,  Tinctura
BCOniti__t. of  Aconite  root, Tinctura aconiti ra-
dioi.s__t. of Aloes, Tinctura aloes — t. of Aloes,
compound, Tinctura aloes composita—t. of Aloes,
ethereal, Tinctura  aloes aetherea—t of Ammonia,
compound, Spiritus ammonia? succinatns — t. of
Angustura, Tinctura angusturae—t..of Assafetida,
Tinctura assafcetida?—t. of Balsam of Tolu, Tinc-
tura toluifera? balsami—t. of Bark, Tinctura  cin-
chonae— t. of Bark,  ammoniated, Tinctura  cin-
chonae ammoniata—t. of  Bark, compound, Tinc-
tura cinchonae composita—t. of Bark, Huxham's,
Tinctura cinchonae  composita — t. of Bark, vola-
tile, Tinctura cinchonae ammoniata—t. of Bella-
donna, Tinctura belladonna?—t. of Benzoin, com-
pound,  Tinctura  benzoini composita — t. Bestu-
cheff's, see Tinctura ferri muriatis—t. of Blistering
fly, Tinctura cantharidis — t. of Bloodroot, Tinc-
tura sanguinaria?— t. of Buchu, Tinctura buchu
— t. of Camphor, compound, Tinctura camphorae
composita—t. of Cantharides, Tinctura caDtha-
ridis — t. of Capsicum,  Tinctura  capsici — t. of
Cardamoms, Tinctura cardamomi — t. of Carda-
moms, compound, Tinctura cardamomi composita
— t. Cardiac, Rymer's, Tinctura rhei et  aloes—t.
of  Cascarilla, Tinctura cascarillae — t. of Castor,
Tinctura castorei—t. of Castor, compound, Tinc-
tura castorei composita—t. of Catechu,  Tinctura
catechu — t. of Cayenne pepper, Tinctura capsici
—  t. of Cbiretta, Tinctura chirettas — t. of  Cin-
chona,  Tinctura cinchona?—t. of Cinchona, com-
pound, Tinctura cinchonae composita — t. of Cin-
namon,  Tinctura  cinnamomi — t.  of Cinnamon,
compound, Tinctura  cinnamomi composita—t. of
Cochineal, Tinctura cocci cacti—t. of Colchicum,
compound,  Spiritus colchici ammoniatus—t. of
Colchicum seeds, Tinctura colchici—t. of Colum-
bo, Tinctura calumbae — t. of  Croton,  Tinctura
crotonis—t. of Cubebs, Tinctura  cubeba?—t. of
Digitalis, Tinctura digitalis — t. of Ergot,  Tinc-
tura ergota? — t. of Ergot, ethereal, Tinctura er-
gotae aetherea—t. of Galbanum, Tinctura galbani
—  t. of Galls, Tinctura gallarum — t. of Gentian,
compound,  Tinctura gentianae composita—t. of
Ginger, Tinctura zingiberis—t. for the Gout, Dr.
Wilson's, see Colchicum  autumnale—t. of Guaia-
cum, Tinctura guaiaci — t. of Guaiacum, ammo-
niated, Tinctura  guaiaci ammoniata—t. of Guaia-
cum, volatile, Tinctura  guaiaci ammoniata—t.
Hatfield's, see Tinctura  guaiaci ammoniata — t.
of  Hellebore,  black, Tinctura  hellebori — t. of
Hellebore,  white,  Tinctura veratri — t. of Hem-
lock, Tinctura conii — t.  of  Henbane,  Tinctura
hyoscyami — t. of  Hops, Tinctura humuli—t. of
Indian hemp, Tinctura  cannabis  Indicae — t. of
Iodine, Tinctura iodini—t. of Iodine, compound,
Tinctura iodini composita—t. of Iron, acetate of,
Tinctura ferri acetatis — t. of Iron, ammoniated,
Tinctura ferri ammoniata—t. of Iron, ammonio-
chloride of, Tinctura ferri ammonio-chloridi—t.
of  Iron, muriated,  Tinctura ferri  muriatis—t. of
Jalap, Tinctura jalapii—t. of Kino, Tinctura kino
— t. Klaproth's,  see  Tinctura ferri  muriatis — t.
of  Lactucarium, Tinctura lactucarii—t. of Lemon
peel, Tinctura limonis — t. of Lobelia,  Tinctura
lobelia?—t. of  Lobelia, ethereal, Tinctura lobelias
aetherea—t.  of Ludwig,  see Ferrum tartarizatum
—t. of Lupuline, Tinctura lupulinae—t. of Matico,
Tinctura matico—t. of Musk, Tinctura moschi—
t. of Myrrh, Tinctura myrrha?—t. Nervous,  Bes-
tucheff's, Tinctura seu alcohol sulphurico-aethe-
reus ferri — t. of  Nux  vomica, Tinctura  nucis
vomicae—t. of Oil of Peppermint, Tinctura olei
menthae piperita? — t of Oil of Spearmint,  Tinc-
tura olei menthae viridis — t. of Opium,  Tinctura
opii—t. of Opium,  acetated, Tinctura opii acetata
—t. of Opium, ammoniated, Tinctura opii ammo-
niata—t. of Opium, camphorated, Tinctura cam-
phorae  composita — t. of Orange peel,  Tinctura
aurantii—t. of Quassia,  Tinctura quassiw — t. of
Quassia, compound, Tinctura quassiae composita
— t. of Quinia, sulphate of, Tinctura quinia? sul-
phatis—t. of Quinia, compound, Tinctura quiniae
composita—t. of Rhatany, Tinctura  krameria?— 
TINDER                 920                 TISSUE
L of Rhubarb, Tinctura rhei—t. of Rhubarb and
aloes, Tinctura rhei et aloes—t. of Rhubarb, com-
pound, Tinctura  rhei composita—t. of Rhubarb
and  gentian,  Tinctura rhei  et gentianae —t.  of
Rhubarb and  senna, Tinctura rhei et sennae —t.
of Saffron, Tinctura  croci sativi — t. of Saffron,
compound, Tinctura  de croco  composita — t.  of
Senna, Tinctura  sennae — t.  of Senna and jalap,
Tinctura senna? et jalapas—t. of Snake root, Tinc-
tura serpentaria?—t. of Soap, camphorated, Lin-
imentum  saponis — t.  of  Spanish fly, Tinctura
cantharidis—t. of Spearmint, Tinctura olei men-
thae  viridis—t. of Squill, Tinctura scilla? — t.  of
Steel, Tinctura ferri muriatis—t. Stomach, Tinc-
tura cardamomi  composita — t. of  Stramonium,
Tinctura stramonii — t. of  Strychnia,  Tinctura
strychnia? — t. for the Teeth, Greenough's,  see
Spiritus  armoraciae  compositus — t. Toothache,
Tinctura antiodontalgica—t. of Valerian, Tinctura
Valeriana?—t.  of  Valerian, ammoniated, Tinctura
Valerianae ammoniata — t. of Valerian, volatile,
Tinctura Valerianae ammoniata—t. of Wormwood,
compound, Tinctura absinthii composita.
  TINDER, Boletus  igniarius.
  TINEA, Porrigo—t. Faciei, Porrigo  larvalis—
t.  Favosa,  Porrigo favosa — t. Ficosa,  Porrigo
scutulata — t.  Furfuracea,  Porrigo furfurans — t.
Granulata, Porrigo scutulata, Porrigo lupinosa—
t. Lactea, Porrigo  larvalis — t. Lupina, Porrigo
lupinosa—t. Mucosa,  Porrigo lupinosa—t. Porri-
ginosa, Porrigo furfurans — t. Tarsi, Ophthalmia
tarsi —t. Tondens, Porrigo decalvans.
  TINGLING, from tinnire, 'to jingle.'  (Sc.)
Dirling.   A sharp, purring or thrilling  sensation,
not always painful.
  TINKER'S WEED, Triosteum.
  TINKLING,  METALLIC,  Tintement mital-
lique.
  TINNIMENTUM  METALLICUM, Tintement
mitallique.
  TINNI'TUS AU'RIUM, (tinnio, tinnitum, 'to
tinkle,')  ' ringing of the ears.'  Fluctua'tio seu
Sonltus  seu Susur'rus seu Sibilus seu Strep'itus
seu  Sibilismus au'rium, Paracilsis  imagina'ria,
Ote'chus, Syrig'mtts, Syring'mos,  Sibilus  clango'-
sns, Echos, Eneche'ma, Bombus, Bombitatio, Mur-
mur, (¥.) Tintement, T. d'Oreille,  Tintouin, Bottr-
donuement,  Bruissement.   An  imaginary sound,
like  the  ringing  of a bell, the noise of wind, the
murmur of water, Ac, heard in health and in sick-
ness.  It is, often, an accompaniment of cerebral
disorder.
   TINTEMENT, Tinnitus aurium—t. Bullaire,
T. mitallique.
   TINTEMENT METALLIQUE(¥.), Cliquetie
mitallique, Tintement bullaire,  Tinnimen'tum me-
tallicnm, Conor stethoacop'icua, Metallic Respira-
tion, Metallic  Voice,  Metallic Tinkling.  A  par-
ticular noise,  heard by the stethoscope when ap-
plied to  the chest, and which, according to La-
ennec, resembles that  caused  by striking glass,
metal, or porcelain, with a pin;  but is, perhaps,
more like  the sound of  the keys of  a musical
snuff-box.   The  tintement mitallique or metallic
tinkling is heard on causing  the patient to speak
or breathe ; but is more distinct when he coughs.
When the phenomenon is not so strongly marked,
it produces  only the  metallic resonance.  The
' metallic tinkling' is a pathognomonic  symptom
of a  communication  between  the bronchia and
cavity of the  chest; in other words, of Pneumo-
thorax.
   TINTEMENT  D'OREILLE,  Tinnitus au-
rium.
   TINTINNABULUM, Uvula.
   TINTOUIN, Tinnitus aurium.
   TIPFOOT, see Kyllosis.
   TIPSARIA, Decoctum hordei.
   TIRE-BALLE, Forceps (bullet.)
   TIRE-FOND (¥.).   A  surgical  instrument,
formerly used to elevate the  piece of bone sawed
off by the trephine.
   TIRE-PUS, Pyulcon.
   TIRE-TETE (¥.).  A name given to different
instruments used for extracting  the  head of tho
child when left in the uterus, and in certain cases
of difficult labour.  The crotchet is one of those,
as well as the Tire-tete d bascule of Levret, Ac.
   TIRES, Milk sickness.
   TISANE, Pti'sanu or Ptis'sana, Ptisane, from
TtTtoavi), 'pearl barley,' itself from  itrtaoot, 'I de-
corticate.'   (F.) Hydroli.   A name  given   to
aqueous  medicines, containing but little, if any,
medicinal agent.   The ancients  gave the name
particularly to the decoction of barley.
   TISANE COMMUNE, Decoctum hordei.
   TISANE DE FELTZ.  A celebrated  anti-
syphilitic, formed  of sarsaparilla,  isinglass, sul-
phuret of antimony and water, boiled  together.
According to  some, bichloride  of mercury; and,
to others, arsenic enters into  its composition.  M.
Rayer, supposing that it acts by the arsenic it con-
tains, proposes to replace it by arseniate of potassa;
and Guibourt, who  is ofthe same opinion, by ar-
senious acid, in order to ensure certainty of action.
   TISIC, Phthisis.
   TISICAL, Phthisicus.
   TISSICK, see Phthisic.
   TISSU, Tissue—t.  Accidental, see  Accidental,
and Tissue, accidental — t. Cavernenx, Cavernous
texture—t. Celluleux  des os, Cancelli—t. Conjonc-
tifi, Cellular tissue — t. Inodulaire, Tissue, inodu-
lar—t. Jaune,  see Fibrous — t.  Lardaci, see Lar-
daceous—t. Spongdide, Spongoid  tissue.
  TISSUE, Textua,  Tela, (¥.)  Tissu.   By this
term, in anatomy,  is meant  the various parts,
which, by their union, form the organs; and are,
as it were, their anatomical elements.  Histological
anatomy is the anatomy of the tissues, which are
the seat of  the investigations of  the pathological
anatomist.   The best division,  indeed, of diseases
would be according to the tissues  mainly impli-
cated.  For the elementary tissues, see  Fibre.
The compound  tissues, which, by associating  or
combining  variously,  form every  organ of the
body, have  been  variously  classed: but every
division is imperfect and liable to objection.  The
following, by Messrs. Todd and  Bowman, is one
of the most recent.

  Tabular View or the Tissues of  the Human Body.
                                  Examples.
1. Simple membrane, homoirene-] p°*te™r  ]^Tn «*
    ous, or nearly so. employed  !  tn?  •»™e»'-C»P-
                       *:  J    \-  sule of the lens.—
                                             of
alone, or in the formation of
compound  membranes.
 Areolar tissue.
Mucous membrane
 — Skin.— True or
 secreting  glands.
 —Serous and syn-
 ovial membranes.
                               Sarcolemma
                               muscle. &c.
2. Filamentous Tissues, the ele-") White and yellow
    ments of which are  real or >- fibrous tissues.—
    apparent filaments.
3. Compound  membranes,  com-
    posed  of  simple  membrane
    and a layer of cells of various
    forms, (epithelium or epider-
    mis.) or of areolar tissue and
    epithelium.
4. Tissues  which retain the pri-1 Adipose  tissue.—
    mitive  areolar  structure as > Cartilage. — Gray
    their  permanent character.  J nervous matter.
5. Sclerous or hard tissue.        Bone.—Teeth.
6. Compound tissues.
a. Composed of tubes  of homoge-")
    neous  membrane, containing >Muscfe.—Nerve.
    a peculiar substance.        j
b. Composed of white fibrous tis-) „.,     ...
    sues and cartilage.          <-Fibro-cartil
lage.
  Tissue, Accidental or Adventitious, consists
of every substance — foreign to the primitive or-
ganization of the economy, but yet organized and
living — which may be developed in the anterior
or at the surface of organs.  Laennec divides the
accidental  tissues  into  two sections:  1.  Those 
TIT
921
TONGUE
that resemble others in the animal economy, or
itnalogoua accidental  tissues;  and, 2.  Those that
have  nothing analogous in the body, and which
are always the  result of a morbid process — the
heterologous or heteroclite accidental tissues.  To
the first  class  belong,  ossifications;  accidental
fibrous, fibro-cartilaginous, cartilaginous, areolar,
and corneous  tissues;  hairs; the serous  mem-
branes of certain encysted  tumours ;  the mucous
membranes of fistulous canals,  and  accidental
synovial membranes.   To  the second belong tu-
bercles, scirrhi, melanosis, Ac.
   Tissue, Areolar, Cellular tissue.
   TISSUE, Cartilag"inous, Hymenochondro'des
seu Hymenochoiidroi'dea (Texturu seu  Tela.)
   Tissue, Connective, Cellular tissue — t. Crib-
riform, Cellular tissue—t. Fibrous, see Fibrous—
t. Filamentous, Cellular tissue.
   Tissue Formation, Histogeny.
   Tissue, Inod'ular, Tela inodula'ris, (¥.) Ino-
dule, Tissu inodulaire.  A name given by Del-
pech  to an accidental  fibrous  tissue developed in
suppurating wounds, which is  the principal agent
in cicatrization.   It has, at first, the  appearance
of a reddish cellulo-fibrous layer; but soon loses
its vascularity; and its fibres, which pass in all
 directions, become of a dull white colour, and of
 a consistence and hardness,  that may be  com-
 pared to those of the strongest articular liga-
 ments.  It is well seen in  the cicatrix left after
 burns.
   Tissue, Laminated, Cellular  tissue — t. Liga-
 mentous, Desmoid tissue — t. Mucous, Cellular
 tissue—t. Porous,  Cellular tissue—t.  Reticulated,
 Cellular tissue.                          ^
   TIT, Nipple.
   TITHENE, Nurse.
   TITI1YMALUS CYPARISSIAS,   Euphorbia
 cyparissias — t. Lathyris, Euphorbia lathyris — t.
 Latifolius, Euphorbia lathyris — t. Palustris, Eu-
 phorbia palustris — t. Paralias, Euphorbia para-
 lias.
   TITILLAMENTUM, Gargarism.
   TITILLATION, Tickling.
   TITTHE, Nipple.
   TITTHION, Nipple.
   TITTH1S, Nipple.
   TITTIIOS, Mamma, Nipple.
   TITTY, Mamma, Nipple.
   TITUBANTIA, Bredouitlement.
   TITUBATIO,  Fidgets,  Vacillatio—t. Linguae,
 Balbuties.
   TJETTEK, Upas tieutS.
   TO-AND-FRO-SOUND, Bruit de firottement.
   TOAD-FLAX,  Antirhinum linaria —t. f. Bas-
 tard, Cotnandra umbellata.
   TOAST-WATER,  Aqua tosta panis.  Toast
 well  half a slice  of a  stale quartern loaf; put it
 into a pitcher, and pour over  it a quart of water.
 After two hours, decant the water from the bread.
 It is  a common drink  in febrile affections.
   TOBACCO, Nicotiana tabacum — t.  English,
 Nicotiana rustica—t.  Indian, Lobelia inflata —
 t.  Poison, Hyoscyamus niger — t. Wild, Lobelia
 inflata, Nicotiana  rustica.
   TOCETOS, Parturition.
   TOCODOMYCOOORITIS MALIGNA VAGI-
NALIS, Colpocace puerperarum.
   TOCOLOGY, Obstetrics.
   TOCOS, Parturition.
   TODDY.  A name given,  by  the  English, to
sweet, delicious  and  refreshing  liquors procured
in India by  wounding the  spatha  of certain
palms.   The best  is obtained  from the  Cocos nu-
cifera.—Ainslie.
   It is obtained in lnrge quantities from  Sague'-
rtts sac'charifer seu Rumphii, Palma In'dica vi-
ua'ria secuilda, Saync'rus seu Gomu'tus Gomu'to,
Arerlga saccharif'era, Gomuto palm.  It is called,
also, Neva, and, by boiling, yields a coarse kind
of sugar, called Jaggery.   The inhabitants of the
Moluccas  used, in their wars, a liquor obtained
by macerating the fruit, which the Dutch  called
Hell water, Aqua  infernalis.
  Toddy is also the common name for a mixture
of spirit and water sweetened.
  Toddy Tree, Mamei.
  TOE, Digitus pedis.
  TOEPLITZ, see Toplitz.
  TOFUS, Tophus.
  TOILE D'ARAIGNEE, Aranea? tela—*. Cho-
rdidienne, see  Choroid—t. de Guutier, Sparadra-
pum Galteri.
  TOKAS, Puerpera.
  TOKEN,  PLAGUE, Plague token.
  TOKOLOGY, Obstetrics.
  TOLA, Tonsil.
  TOL'ERANCE. Toleran'tia; from tolerare,  'to
bear.'   The power of bearing.  A word used  by
the Italian school of Rasori, to  signify the power
of bearing large doses of certain potent remedies,
as tartrate of antimony and  potassa.  See Con-
tro-stimulus.
  TOLES, Tonsil.
  TOLIUM, Tonsil.
  TOLLES, Tonsil.
  TOLLUM, Tonsil.
  TOLUIF'ERA  BAL'SAMUM.  Myrox'ylon sen
Myrosjicrrmtm  Toluiferum.   Ord. Leguminosae.
Sex. Syst. Decandria Monogynia.  The name of
the tree which affords  the Ralsam of Tolu, Bal-
samum  Tolttt a'num  (Ph. U. S.), Toluta'nurn, To-
luifera Balsami  Balsamum, Goac'onaz, Red Bal-
aam ofi Peru, (¥.) Baume  de  Tolu, B. de Cartha-
gene ou d'Amirique ou de  Saint Thomas.  It has
a very fragrant odour,  and warm, sweetish taste;
is thick,  and  of  a  reddish-yellow colour.  It is
stimulant and expectorant  [?], and  is used in
coughs.   It is chiefly, however, employed on  ac-
count of its flavour.
  TOLUTANUM, see  Toluifera balsamum.
  TOM AC IN UM, Isicium.
  TOMACULUM. Isicium.
  TOMATA, Solanum lycopersicum.
  TOMATO, Solanum  lycopersicum.
  TOME, Tom'us, rop-n, touos, 'incision.' A com-
mon suffix, as in  Litboto??^, Broncho<o??iy, Ac.
  Tomk. Cut.  Incision.
  TOMETON, Knife.
  TOMEN'TUM  CER'EBRI, from tomentum, 'a
flock of wool.'  The infinite number of small ves-
sels which pass between  the pia  mater and con-
volutions of the brain.  They enter the substance
of the brain at right angles.
  TOMEUS, Knife.
  TOM IS. Scissors.
  TOMOTOCIA.  Cassarean section.
  TOM-TOE, Pollex, see  Digitus pedis.
  TONE,  Tonus, tovos, from toi-ow, 'I brace or
give vigour.'  The state  of  tension or firmness
proper to each organic tissue.  It is the effect of
tonicity.
  Tone, see Elasticity.
  TONGA, see Datura sanguinea.
  TONGRES, MINERAL WATERS  OF.  The
town of Tongres is about a league from  Maes-
tricht  in  the  Low Countries.  The springs, of
which  there are several, are chalybeate, contain-
ing carhonates of iron  and magnesia.
  TONGUE,  Sax.  tuns. (D.) Tonsr. Lingua,
Glossa, Glotta, (¥.) Langne.  The  tongue  is  a
muscular, symmetrical, and very mobile organ ;
situate  in the mouth,  from  the os hyoides and
epiglottis to the incisor teeth.  Its particular  use
is,  to procure the sensation  of savours;  and it
aids in  the  acts of  sucking, mastication, degluti-
tion, pronunciation, and  expuition.   It has  the 
TONIC
922
TOOTH
shape of a pyramid, flattened above and below;
rounded at its angles, and terminated, anteriorly,
by a blunt point.   Its upper surface,  called the
dorsum, is free, flat, and divided into two portions
by a median furrow, lirlea media'na ; at the pos-
terior extremity of which is the foramen cacum
or Foramen of Morgagni.   The  inferior surface
is free, and covered by the mucous membrane on
its anterior third  and sides: but behind and in
the middle it  is attached to  the lower jaw  by
means of the genio-glossus; and to the hyoides
by  the hyoglossus.  Its  margins are  rounded;
thick behind, thinner anteriorly.  Its tip, or point,
or dental extremity is rounded and  free: — the
root, base,  or hyoid extremity, Radix lingua, is
continuous with the epiglottis and velum palati.
It is very thick at the foramen caecum ;  but  thin-
ner as it approaches the hyoid bone. The tongue
is composed of muscles, and covered by a mucous
membrane — Peri glol tis,   Invohl crnm  lingua,
Membra'na seu Tu'nica  vaginalis seu  Cutis seu
Epider'mia seu Tu'nica seu Involu'crum  muco'sum
seu Crusta villo'sa lingua—which forms also the
fraenum  beneath the tongue.  On this membrane
are seen the different pajtilla.  The nerves of the
organ proceed from the inferior maxillary, glosso-
pharyngeal and hypoglossal.  The first and second
are connected with taste; the last with the mo-"
tions  of the organ.  Some recent observers, how-
ever,  consider  the glosso-pharyngeal  to be the
special  nerve of gustation.   The arteries are the
lingual, from the external carotid; and  the pala-
tine  and  tonsillar, from  the labial.  The  veins
are the superficialis lingua, ranina, lingualis, and
submentalis. They open into those of the pharynx
and larynx. Its lymphatic vessels pass into gang-
lia, situate at the edge of the hyoglossi  muscles.
  Tongue, Black.  A fever which prevailed in
the Western States in the winter of 1842-3;  pro-
bably typhoid fever.  According to some, an epi-
demic erysipelas.
  Tongue, Hernia of  the, Glossocele—t. In-
flammation of the, Glossitis — t. Red,  fever, see
Typhus.
  Tongue  Scraper, Cure-langue — t.  Tie, see
Ankyloglossum.
  TON'IC,  Ton'icus, (¥.) Toniqne.  Same  ety-
mon as Tone.   Relating  to tone.
  Tonic, Ton'icus, Tono'ticus, Antastherlicus, (F.)
Toniqne, Fortifiant, in  Therapeutics,  means a
medicine, which has the power of exciting slowly,
and by insensible degrees, the organic actions  of
the different systems of the animal economy, and
of augmenting  their strength in a durable  man-
ner.   Bitter, vegetable substances which are not
associated  with an  acrid or  narcotic principle;
preparations  of iron; cold  water,  Ac,  act  as
tonics.   They are also called Comfiortarltia,  Con-
fortati'va, Corroborarl tia, Confir marl tia, Robo-
ran'tia, Ac.
  The following are the chief Tonics:—Acidum
Arseniosum, Acidum  Nitricum, Acidum Sulphu-
ricum, Argenti  Nitras, Bismuthi Subnitras, Carbo
Ligni, Cascarilla, Cinchona, Cinchonia,  Colomba,
Cornus  Florida,  Cupri  Acetas,  Cupri  Sulphas,
Cuprum ammoniatum, Cusparia, Eupatorium per-
foliatum, Ferri Praeparata,  Gentiana,   Lirioden-
dron,   Lupulina, Piperina,   Prunus Virginiana,
Quassia, Quinia, Salix, Salicina, Serpentaria,  Zinci
praeparata ; Aquas minerales acidula? et ferrugi-
niae, Mental Tonics, (Confidence, Hope, Amuse-
ment.)
  Tonic  Power, Irritability.
  Tonic  Spasm, Spasmus ton'icus,- Convulsio to-
niea, Conductio, Spas'ticus, Tonos, Ento'nia,  En'-
tasis,  Enta'sia.  A rigid  contraction of muscles
without  relaxation,  as  in trismus, tetanus, Ac.
See Tetanus and Spasm.
  TONICITY, Tonic"itas.   Same etymon  as
Tone.   The faculty that determines the general
tone of the solids.   Excessive tonicity  causes
er'ethism  or crispness; deficient tonicity, atony
or weakness. Tonicity has been used in  the same
sense as irritability.
   TONIQUE,  Tonic.
   TONKA  BEAN, Dipterix odorata.
   TONODES, Tensive.
   TONOS, Tonic spasm —t. Trismus, Trismus.
   TONOTICUS, Tonic.
   TONSIL,  Totisilla, Amyg'dala, Padstllmin,
Paristh'miitni, Amphibran'chium, Glan'dula colli,
Tola,  Tolles,  Tales,  To'lium,  Tallinn,  Sjcngos,
Arltias, PI. Anti ades, Almond of the ear, Almond
of the  throat,  (¥.) Amygdale, Tonsille, (Prov.)
Ear-kecker.  An  ovoid collection of  follicles,
about half an inch in  length, similar in  shape  to
an almond,  and situate, on each  side, between
the pillars of the velum  palati.  The inner  sur-
face, projecting into the isthmus of the throat, is
covered by the  mucous  membrane, in which are
the orifices of a dozen  cells, whence a transparent,
viscid  mucus oozes on pressure.  This mucus is
destined to  facilitate  deglutition,  by lubricating
the isthmus faucium  ; and is forced out during
the passage of  the alimentary bolus.
   TONSIL-G UILL 0 TINE, Amygdalatome.
   TONSILLE PESTILENTES, Cynanche ma-
ligna.
   TONSILLARUM   GANGR/ENA,   Cynanche
maligna.
   TONSILLE, Tonsil.
  TONSILLIT'IC, Tonsillit'icus.  Belonging  or
relating to the tonsils; as the 'tonaillitic branches
of the  glosso-pharyngeal nerve.'
  TONSILLITIS, Cynanche tonsillaris.
   TONSIL L 0 TOME, Amygdala tome.
  TONSORIUS CULTER, Razor.
  TOODLE, Tooth.
  TOOTH. Sax. coH,  Dens, Odons, (Prov.)  Too-
dle, (¥.) Dent.  The teeth, Dentes, Mord'ices, are
small,  hard  bones, fixed in  the alveoli of each
jaw, and serving to lay hold  of, and to  cut, tear,
and triturate alimentary substances.  True teeth
are found  only  in man, the  mammalia, reptiles,
and fish.  The  teeth have, in  general, the shape
of an irregular cone, the base of Which is towards
the interior  of the mouth ; and the apex, single
or divided,  towards  the  bottom of the alveoli.
Each tooth has a part situate out of the alveolus,
and covered by a vitriform substance.   This part
is called the crown or  coro'na.   It  is bounded by
a narrower  portion, called the cervix, (¥.) collet,
which  separates it from the portion in the alveo-
lus—the fang or root, (¥.) racine.   In  the adult,
the teeth  are 32  in number; 16  to each jaw:
these consist of 4 incisors, 2 canine, 4 bienspidati,
and 6 molares.  (See these various terms.)   The
teeth enclose a vascular and  nervous pulp, in a
central cavity, Cav'itas Pulpa, Cavum Dentis,
Antrum dentu'le.   They are  formed of a very
hard, compact tissue ; and the corona is covered
by a vitreous  substance  called Enam'el.   The
incisor and canine teeth are developed by a sin-
gle point  of ossification ;• the  lesser molares, by
two; and  the larger, by four or five.  See Denti-
tion.   Researches by  Retzius,  Miiller and others,
have led them  to  believe that,  the irnry of the
tooth or Dentine, Ebur, Substantia os'sea of Mal-
pigbi,  proper tooth substance, bone, of the tooth,
osseous substance of tooth, tooth bone, consists of
tubular fibres, which contain organic deposits  of
calcareous salts;  and of intertubular substance,
in which are observed corpuscles or osseous  cells
of the  tooth, called, by Professor Owen, caldg"-
erous cells, which also contain earthy  salts.  At
the part where  the enamel terminates at the cer-
vix ofthe tooth, the crusta pet ro'sa, cemeu'tum or
cortical substance, commences in  an  extremely 
TOOTH-ACII               923        TORULA CEREVISIA
thin  stratum, passes  down  and  gradually  in-
creases in thickness towards the extremity of the
root, where it is generally the thickest.  It is
Baid by Nasmyth to have been traced on the ena-
mel, nnd Purkinje and Fr'ankel thought  that it
lined the cavitas pulpae.   They gave it the name
Substantia osto'idea.   It is the mate'ria tarta'rea
of Malpighi.  It has been found, however, that
the hard substance deposited on the inner sur-
face of the dentine, at the age of twenty years or
later, and which encroaches on the cavity, has  a
distinct structure frora the cement, and resembles
in part dentine,  and in part bone.  Itis the horny
substance of Blumenbach,  the osteodentine of
Owen, and the  secondary dentine of Tomes.  In
the compound teeth of the herbivorous animal, a
deposition is found on the surface  ofthe enamel,
which has been called cementum.   MUller, how-
ever, regards it  to be  a deposit from the salts and
the saliva, and to be essentially the same as what
is called tartar in the human subject.
   TOOTH-ACH, Odontalgia—t. Bone, see Tooth
— t. Bush, Xanthoxylum fraxineum — t. Tree,
Aralia spinosa, Xanthoxylum clava Herculis.
   TOOTH EDGE, Agacement des dents, Haemo-
dia— t. Paste, Dentifriciutn — t. Powder,  Denti-
frice — t. Rash, Strophulus — t. Shell, dog-like,
Dentalium.
   TOPHA'CEOUS,  Topha'ceus, (¥.) Tojthaci;
from tophus.  Relating or belonging to tophus,—
as 'a tophaceous concretion.'
   TOPHACEOUS CONCRETION, Tophus.
   TOPHUS, Tot/ros,  Tofus, 'a porous  or  friable
Btone.'  Osteolophus,  Topha'ceous Concretion.  A
collection of hard,calcareous matter, which forms,
particularly, at the surface of joints affected with
gout; (see Calculi, arthritic,) and  occasionally,
in the interior of organs, around  the teeth, Ac.
It likewise meant gravel,  and chalaza.
   TOP'IC, Topical,  Top'icus. From rotros, locus,
' a place.'  A local  application;  (F.) Topique.
See Local.
   TOPICUS, Local.
   TOPINARIA, Talpa.
   TOPIQUE, Topic.
   TOPLITZ or TEPLITZ,  MINERAL WA-
TERS OF.   Toplitz is a town of Bohemia, cele-
brated for its numerous  thermal  springs.  The
water  contains  chloride of sodium; carbonate,
and sulphate of  soda ; and carbonates of lime and
iron, Ac.   Temp. 114° to 122° Fahr.
   TOPOGRAPHICAL ANATOMY,  see Ana-
tomy.
   TOQUE, Scutellaria galericulata.
   TOR'CULAR, Tourniquet. A press for wine,
oil,or cider.  From torqueo, 'I twist.'
   TOR'CULAR Heroph'ili, Press of Herophilus,
Lechenei'on,  Lenos,  Lenum, Fourth Sinus, (¥.)
Confluent des Sinus, Pressoir  d'Hirophile.  A
smooth  and polished cavity, of irregular  shape,
in which several sinuses of the dura mater meet.
It is situate before the internal occipital protube-
rance, at the union of the three great duplicatures
of the dura mater.  It has six openings into it;
— one above, that of the superior longitudinal
sinus; two below, answering to the occipital si-
nuses ;  one  anterior, belonging to the straight
sinus ; and two  lateral,  nnd  very broad, which
lead into the lateral sinuses;  and convey from
the cavity tho blood that has been poured into it
by the others.
   TORCULUM, Tourniquet.  -
   TORDYL'IUM,  T. Officinale,  Ses'eli  Creti-
cum seu Monta'nnm, (¥.) Siseli de Crlte. Family,
Umbelliferae.   Sex.   Syst. Pentandria Digynia.
The seeds  and  roots  of this  Southern European
plant  are considered  carminative  and diuretic.
They enter into  the theriaca.
f   TORE'NIA ASIATTCA, Cala-dolo.  A small
 Malabar plant, the juice of whose leaves, sweet-
 ened with sugar, is said to cure gonorrhoea.
   TORMENTIL,  Geranium  maculatum,  Tor-
 mentilla.
   TORMENTIL'LA, T. erec'ta seu sylves'tris seu
 officina'lis  seu tubcro'ea, Fraga'ria tormentilla
 officina'lis, Potentilla tormentilla, Heptaphylhim,
 Consolida  rubra,  Common  Tor'rnentil, Uprii/ht
 Septfioil, (¥.) Tormentille.  Ord. Rosacea?.  Sex.
 Syst.  Icosandria Polygynia.   The root Tormen-
 tilla (Ph.  U.S.) has  a slightly aromatic odour;
 and austere, styptic taste. It is astringent.  Dose,
 of the powder, gr. x to 3J-
   TORMENTUM, Ileus, Intussusceptio.
   TOR'MINA, Strophos, Ccelial'gia, EncoeliaV-
 gia, Anile'ma, Anile'sis, Gripes, Mulligrubs, Fret-
 ting,  (¥.) Tranehies.  From  torqueo, 'I  twist.'
 Acute colicky pains.   Dysentery.
   Tormina Celsi, Dysentery — t. Parturientium,
 Pains, labour—t.  Post partum, see Pains, labour.
   TORNACULUM,  Tourniquet.
   TOROS'ITAS,  Corpuletltia carno'sa, Habitus
 athlet'icus.  Muscular strength; from torosus,
 ' brawny,'—torus, ' brawn.'
   TOROSUS, Muscular.
   TORPEDO, Narcosis.
   TORPEFACTIO  UNIVERSALIS, Holonar-
 cosis.
   TORPID, Tor'pidus, (¥.) Engourdi; from tor-
 peo,  'I am benumbed.'  Numb.  Incapable of
 exertion and of feeling.  Dull, stupid, inactive.
   TORPIDITAS, Torpor.
   TORPIDUS, Narcotized, Torpid.
   TORPOR,  Torpidltas,  Noth'rotes,  Parop'sis
 expers, (¥.) Engourdissement, from torpeo, ' I am
 benumbed.'  State of  a part  which becomes numb,
 and  almost  incapable of motion.  Torpor, Tor-
 pidity,  Torpid'tress,  Tor'pitude are also applied
 to a  debilitated, sluggish  condition of a part,
 or of the whole of the body ; Aer'gia, (F.) Acca-
 blement.
   Torpor, Narcosis — t.  ofthe Colon, see Colon,
 torpor of the—t. Intestinorum, Constipation — t.
 Soporificus, Nocar.
   TORQUAY. A town in  Devonshire, England,
 which, on account of the mildness of its climate,
 and its sheltered situation from the bleaker winds,
 is a frequent retreat  for the phthisical invalid.
   TOR'SION, Tor'sio. From torqnere, tortum, ' to
 twist.'  The act of twisting.  Torsion of the ex-
 tremities of bleeding vessels — Angios'trophe—
 until  the blood ceases to flow, is sometimes used
 to arrest hemorrhage.
   TORSK, see Oleum jecoris aselli.
   TOR TELLE, Erysimum.
   TORTICOL'LIS,  Caput  seu  Collum obsti'pttm,
 Obsti'pa cervix,  Obstip'itas cap'itis seu Colli,
 Trachel'agra,  Enta'sia Loxia, Lox'ias, Cepha-
 lox'ia,  Ancylode're,  Ancylode'ris,  Rhabocra' -
 nia,  Auchenorrheu'ma, Rheumatis'mus  colli seu
 cervicis, Stiffneck, Wryneck, (Prov.) Slab;  from
 torqnere, tortum, 'to twist,' and collum, 'the neck.'
 A variety of rheumatism, seated  in  the muscles
 of the neck, which  prevents  the motion  of the
 head, and causes the patient to hold it inclined to
 the side affected.   It is, commonly, of short du-
 ration ;  usually disappearing in a few days.   Ru-
 befacients are the best topical  applications.  The
 term is  also applied  to permanent contraction of
 the muscles ofthe neck,  which causes  the head
 to be held to one  side.  The remedy is  the divi-
 sion  ofthe contracted muscles.
   TORTOISE, FRESHWATER, GREAT, Hy-
 draspis expansa.
   TORTUE, Testudo.
   TORTURA ORIS,  Canine  laugh,  Neuralgia
 faciei—t. Oris paralytica Linnaei, Paralysis, Bell's.
   TOR'ULA CEREVIS'I^E, Saccharom'ycesseu 
TORULUS  GLANDIS         924           TRACHELISMUS
Mycoder'ma cerevisia, Cryptococ'cus ferment'urn
seu cerevisia, (¥.) Champignon du ferment. Yeast
plant.   One of the  simplest forms of vegetation,
capable, under favourable circumstances, of vege-
tating  rapidly, and assisting in  producing the
fermentation  of saccharine  substances.   The
plant has been  found in vomited fluids, and  in
fa?ces.
   TORULUS GLANDIS, Crown of the glans.
   TORUS.  Muscle  — t. Mantis, Metacarpus.
   TOTA BONA, Chenopodium bonus Henricus.
   TOTSU KASO,  Sphaeria Sinensis.
   TOTTY, Vertiginous.
   TOTTM  CARNOSUM, Pancreas.
   TOUCH. Tactus, Tac'tio, Haphe, Hapsis, Tac-
tion, Palpa'tion, (¥.) Toucher.  One of the five
senses, and that which  makes known  to us the
palpable qualities  of bodies, such  as their  con-
sistence, quality, Ac.  It is  seated, particularly,
in the hands; and  differs from  tact  in being
active.  See Esaphe, and Palpation.
   ' To  touch the mouth with mercury' is to  pro-
duce the  constitutional  effects of that  agent, as
evinced by  the falling away of the gums, Ac.
   Touch-me-not, Impatiens fulva.
   Touch, Royal.  It was atone time almost uni-
versally believed, in England, that the royal touch
would remove Scrofula or King's Evil (as it was
thence called).  This superstition is now entirely
exploded.   Edward, the Confessor, was the first
English king who  touched for the Evil.
   TOUCHER,  Esaphe,  Touch — *.  Vaginal,
 Esaphe.
   TOUCHWOOD,  Boletus  igniarius.
   TOUR DE MA1TRE, Coup de Maitre.
   TOURBILLON VASCULAIRE, Vasa vaso-
rum.
   TOURNESOL,  Heliotropium Europaeum.
   TOURNIOLE,  Paronychia.
   TOUR'NIQUET,  Tor'cnlar,  Tor'culum,  Tor-
 vac'ulum, Proelium, Pralittm, Pra'lium seu Pre-
 lum arteriole, Verticil lum, Fas'cia tor'tilis, from
 (F.)  tourner, 'to turn.'  A  surgical instrument
 for stopping the course of blood in the  limbs,  by
 exerting a strong compression upon the principal
 artery.  It was  invented  by a French surgeon,
 Morel, in the middle of the 17th  century; and
 was  modified  subsequently, by  Nuck, Verduc,
 Monro, Petit, and  Louis.  It is used to suspend,
 for a time,  the circulation in a limb, during great
 operations ; to arrest arterial hemorrhage in cases
 of wounds; to compress certain  aneurismal and
 other tumours, Ac.
   TOUS-LES-MOIS,  Am'ylnm canna'ceum,
 Carina Starch.   A  fecula obtained from the root
 of Carina edulis.  It resembles  potato  starch,
 and may be substituted for arrow-root.  It is ob-
 tained from St. Kitts.
   TOUT, Nates.
   TOUTE BONNE, Salvia sclarea.
   TOUTE  EPICE,  see  Myrtus pimenta — *.
 Saine, Sanicula.
   TOUN. Tussis—*. Bleue, Pertussis—*. Bran-
 chique, Bronchial cough, Cough,  tubal—*. Caver-
 tieuse,  see Cavernous respiration — *. Convulsive,
 Pertussis — *. Quinteuse, Pertussis—*. Tubaire,
 Bronchial cough, Cough, tubal.
   TOXICEMIA, Toxicohaemia.
   TOXTCAL, Poisonous.
   TOXTCATIO. Poisoning.
   TOXICODENDRON. Rhus toxicodendron.
   TOXICOHjE'MIA, Toxica'mia, from toxicttm,
 {a poison,'  and 'uiua, 'blood.'  Poisoning of the
blood.—Piorry.
   TOXICOL'OGY, Toxicolog'la, from toxicum,
(itself from roiftv, 'a bow,')  'a poison,' and Xoyos,
' a description.'  A treatise on poisons.
   TOXICO'SES, (G.) Toxikosen, from  toxi-
cum, 'a poison.'  A family of diseases, according
to the  classification of Fuchs,  caused  by the  re-
ception of poisons into the system.
   TOXICUM, Poison, Venom.
   TOXIQUE.  Poisonous.
   TRABECULA CEREBRI,  Corpus callosum—
t. Cordis, Columnae carnea?.
   TRABECULE CORPORUM CAVERNOSO-
RUM, see Cavernous bodies.
   TRABECULE SPLENIS,  see Spleen—t.Wil-
lisii, Chordae Willisii.
   TRABES CORDIS, Columnae carneae.
   TRABS, Penis—t.  Cerebri,  Corpus callosum—
t. Medullaris, Corpus  callosum.
   TRACE, PRIMITIVE, Groove, primitive.
   TRACHE'A,  (generally, however,  accented
 Tra'chea,) Trache'a seu Trachei'a arte'ria, Bron-
chus,  As'pera  arteria, Fis'tula spiritim'lia  seu
pulmona'lis, Canna, Syrin'ga, Syrinx ; the Wind-
pipe,  Wosen, Weasand, Weesel,  Throttle, (Sc.)
 Thropill, (Prov.) Keckcorn, Keeker, Thropjtle,(¥.)
 Trachie artire; from  rpa^rys, 'rough,' and aprijpiu,
 'artery,' composed  of arjp, 'air,' and rj/peiv,  'to
 keep.'   The  trachea is a cylindrical, fibro-cartila-
 ginous and membranous  tube, flattened behind,
 and situate on  the median line, before tbe verte-
 bral column, from the inferior part of the larynx,
 as far  ns the  third  dorsal vertebra.   There it
 divides  into  two branches, the bronchia, which
 separate to  go  to each lung.  The trachea, the
 function of which is  to convey air to the lungs
 during  respiration,  is composed,  1.  Of carti-
 laginous rings, An'nnli cartilagin'ei,  Segmen'ta
 cartilagin'ea, Orbes cartilagino'ei, \ncomrt\ctebe-
 hind; situate one above  the  other, and kept ?'?»
 situ by a fibrous membrane.  2.  Of a mucous
 membrane, which lines it internally, and contains
 numerous  mucous  follicles.   3.  Of  transverse
 muscular fibres, not well-marked, which  occupy
 its posterior  surface.   4.  Of vessels,  which pro-
 ceed frora the  superior and inferior thyroideal;
 and, 5.  Of nerves, that are given off by the pneu-
 mogastric and the cervical ganglia.
   The breathing tubes of insects are  termed
ffirachea.
   Trachea Arteria, Trachea.
   TRACHEiE, see Trachea.
   TRA'CHEAL, Trachea'lis.  Appertaining to
 the trachea.   An  epithet  applied to respiration
 as heard through  the stethoscope opposite the
 trachea, larynx, and  root of the bronchia; the
 air appearing as if sucked in from the cylinder
 during inspiration, and expelled during  expira-
 tion.
   Tracheal Glands.  Mucous follicles on the
 posterior surface ofthe trachea.  They are small,
 flattened ovoid  bodies.
   TRACHEA'LIS.  The fibres of unstriped mus-
 cle, which, pass from  one  portion of each of the
 tracheal cartilages to the other, at the posterior
 part of the trachea, have  been so culled by some
 anatomists.  When they contract, they approxi-
 mate  the extremities of the  cartilage; diminish
 the calibre of the trachea; a-nd thus increase the
 velocity of the air forced through it, as in cough-
 ing, and facilitate  the removal of  any irritating
 substance in contact with tbe lining membrane.
    TRACHEE  ARTERE, Trachea.
   TRACHEITIS, Cynanche  trachealis.
   TRACHELAGRA, Torticollis.   Also, gout in
 the neck.
   TRACHELIAN, Cervical.
   TRACHELISM'US, frora Tpa^Xov, 'the neck.'
 A term proposed by  Dr. Marshall Hall, for a fan-
 cied spasmodic action of the muscles of tbe neck,
 which he esteems to be the cause of many morbid
 phenomena,  by inducing compression of tbe veins
 of the neck and an impeded return of blood from
I the head. 
TRACHELITIS
  TRACHELITIS, Cynanche trachealis.
  TRACHELIUM  AMERICANUM,  Lobelia
cardinalis.
  TRACHELOrATLOIDO-OCCIPITAL,Oh\\-
quus superior capitis—*. Atldido-baailaire, Rectus
capitis lateralis — t. Basilaire, Rectus capitis in-
ternus major—*. Basilaire, petit, Rectus capitis
internus minor.
  TRACHE'LO-DIAPHRAGMATTC, Trachelo-
diuphiuginalicus.   The fourth pair of cervical
nerves, whence the phrenio nerve chiefly arises.
— Chaussier.
   TRAGllfiLO-MASTOIDIEN, Complexus mi-
nor— *.  Occipital, Complexus — t. Scapulaire,
Levator scapula?.
  TRACHELOS, Collum.
  TRACHE'O-BRONCHI'TIS.   Inflammation
of the trachea and bronchia.
  TRACHEOCELE, Bronchocele.
  TRACHEOPHONY, Laryngophony.
  TRACHEOPHTHISIS, see  Phthisis laryngea.
  TRACHEOPHYMA, Bronchocele.
  TRACHEORRHAG"IA, Hamop'toe  seu  Ha-
tnoji'tysis larynge'a et trachea'lis, from rpa^tia,
'the trachea,' and pnywui, 'to break forth.'  Hae-
morrhage from tbe trachea.
   TRACHEOSTENOSIS, 'from  rpaXtia,  'the
trachea,' and orevotais, ' contraction.'  Contrac-
tion or narrowness of the trachea.
   TRACH'EOTOME,  from  trachea, and  roun,
•incision.'  An  instrument of the trocar kind,
for opening the trachea.
   TRACHEOTOMY, see Bronchotomy.
   TRACHITIS, Cynanche trachealis.
   TRACHO'MA, from rpayuj, ' rough.' A«pre'do,
Aspritu'do, Pladar'otes, Asperitildo, Scabril'ies,
 Gran'ular  conjunctiva, Gran'ular  eyelid,  (¥.)
Asperiti des Paupiires. A roughness of the inner
surface of  the eyelids.  A variety of ophthalmia,
of which three kinds have been designated:—T.
tabulo'sum, from  sand, Ac, getting between the
eyelids ; T. carttnculo'sum, Platlar'otes, Plada-
ro'sis, Morum  palpebra inter'na,  from fleshy
excrescences;  and  T. herpet'icum,  from  hard
pustules on  the  inner surface  of  the  eyelids.
This last is, also, called Fico'sis, and Palpebra
 fico'sa.
   TRACT, OPTIC, see Optic  nerves —t. Respi-
ratory, see Respiratory tract.
   TRACTATIO  MANUARIA, Surgery.
   TRACTORATION, Perkinism, see  Tractors,
metallic.
   TRACTORS, METAL'LIC.  Metallic agents,
introduced by Dr. Elisha Perkins, of Connecticut,
about the end of the last century,  to cure diseases.
The parts  were rubbed with these tractors, and
hundreds of thousands of cases were reported to
have been  cured  by the  Tractora'tion.   The
affections,  in which they were chiefly used,  were
local inflammations, and pains in different parts.
The good effects were, doubtless, owing to the in-
fluence exerted by the mind over the body.  The
bubble did not exist long.  See Perkinism.
   TRACTUS  INTESTINORUM,  Intestinal
Tube — t.  Opticus, see Optic  nerves — t.  Respi-
ratorius, Respiratory tract.
   Tractus Spira'lis Foraminulen'tus. Minute
openings at  the  base  of the modiolus,  arranged
in a spiral  manner, which transmits the filaments
of the cochlear nerve.  The central canal of the
Tractus is longer  than the  rest, and  is called
Tu'bulus centralis modioli.
  TRADESCAN'TIA  VIRGIN'ICA,   Sjrider-
wort; indigenous; Order, Commelynacea?;  flow-
ering from May  to August.   The  roots are de-
mulcent.
  TRAGACAN'THA, from rpayos, 'a goat,' and
a«a>'5n, ' a thorn,'  owing to its  hirsute boughs.
5            TRANSFUSION
Gummi Tragaran'tha seu Astrag'ali Tragacantha,
Gum  Tragacanth, Gum Dragon.  The  Concrete
juice  of the Astragalus Tragacantha or  Astraga-
lus Vents, a native of Persia. Ord. Leguminosae.
Sex.  Syst. Diadelphia Decandria.  (F.) Gomme
Adragant, Adragant,  Adragante,  Adragunthe.
This  gum is  inodorous; nearly insipid; of a
whitish colour;  semi-transparent, and  striated.
It is in thin, vermiform pieces ; and does  not form
a  smooth, uniform mucilage with water.  It is
demulcent, but is rarely used alone.
   TRAGEA AROMATICA, Pulvis cinnamomi
compositus.
   TRAG'TCUS,  Tragien  (Ch.), from   Tragus.
A  small,  flat, triangular  muscle which  almost
wholly  covers the  outer surface of the tragus,
arising from its base, and terminating at the  top
of the eminence.
   TRAGIEN, Tragicus.
   TRAGOMASCHA'LIA,  Tragomas'chale, from
rpayos,  'a goat,'  and p.ao-%d\v,  'axilla.'   The
strong unpleasant odour of the armpits.
   TRAGOPIIONIA, Egophony.
   TRAGOPO'GON, Barba hirci; from rpayos, 'a
goat,' and nwytiiv, ' beard.'  A  genus of plants ;
 Ord. Cichoracea?.  Sex.  Syst. Syngenesia Poly-
gamia jEqualis.  (F.) Bar-be de Bone;  of which
the roots  of the  Tragopogon porn'folium, Salsifi,
 Oyster  plant, Oyster-root,  (¥.)  Salsifis  ou  Cer-
cifis, and the young shoots of the T. praten'si,
Meadow Salsifi, Common Goat's Beard,  (¥.)  Sal-
sifis des prts, are eaten as food.  The root of  the
latter has been used as a diuretic.
   TRAGOSELINUM, Pimpinella saxifraga — t.
Angelica, Ligusticum podagraria — t. Magnum,
Pimpinella magna — t. Majus, Pimpinella magna
— t. Saxifraga, Pimpinella magna.
   TRAGUS; rpayos, 'a goat;' from its being fur-
nished, in some persons, with hair, like the beard
of a goat. Hircus, Hirquns.  A small, flattened,
triangular nipple, situate before the  meatus audi-
torius externus, which it appears to  conceal.   It
is  covered with  hair in  old people, whence its
name.  Also, the peculiar goat-like  smell of  the
axillae.
   Tragus Matthioli, Salsola kali.
   TRAINASSE, Polygonum aviculare.
   TRAITEMENT,  Curatio —*. Palliatifi,  see
Palliation.
   TRA MIS, Perinaeum.
   TRANCE, Catalepsy, Ecstasis.
   TRANCHEES,  Tormina — *. Utirines, Pains,
after.
   TRANS,  in composition, 'through,  over, or
beyond.'
   TRANSFIGURATTO. Transformation.
   TRANSFORMATION, Transfiorrna'tio, Trans-
figura'tio, Transinuta'tio, Metab'ole, from trans,
and forma, 'form.'   Change of form.
   TRANSFORMATIONS DE TISSU,  (¥.)
The  French  pathologists   designate  thus   the
change that occurs in an organ, the tissue  of
which becomes similar to that of another organ.
The chief transformations are cartilaginous, osse-
ous, and adipous.   See Tissue.
   TRANSFU'SION,  Tranafiusto,   Metach'yaia,
from transfittndere (trans, and fundere, fusum,  'to
pour') 'to pour from one vessel into another.'
   Transfusion of Blood, Transfusio San'guinis,
 Cura  Medea'na, Methamachyniia,  Hamatome-
tach'y sis, Hamometacllysis, Diach'ysis, Transjtlan-
ta'tio med'ica nova, Chirur'gia transfinso'ria, Ex-
otichamato'sis.  The act of passing the  blood of
one animal into the veins of another; an opera-
tion which  was formerly used to fulfil various
therapeutical intentions.   It has been revived in
cases of  uterine  hemorrhage;  and,  apparently,
with some success.
   The operation  can  only be  performed safely 
TRANSLATION
926
TRANSVERSUS  AURIS
on animals  having like kinds  of blood.   See
Globule.
  TRANSLATION, Metastasis.
  TRANSMISSIBILITY, see Sensibility.
  TRANSMUTATIO, Transformation.
  TRANSPIRATIO, Prespiration—t. Unilatera,
Hemidiaphoresis.
  TRANSP1RA TOIRE, Perspiratory.
  TRANSPLANTA'TI0,(*ro««,and/?/a?i*a,)3/e-
taphytela.  A pretended method  of  curing  dis-
eases, devised by Paracelsus — by making them
pass from one individual to another, either ani-
mal  or vegetable.
  Transplantatio,   Morioplastice — t.  Medica
nova, Transfusion.
  Transplanta'tio Dentis, Insil'io  dentis. The
act  of transplanting  a tooth from one person to
another.
  TRANSPORT, Delirium.
  TRANSPOSITIO,  Metathesis.
  TRANSPOSITION, Transposit"io,from trans,
' over,' and ponere, positum,' to put.'   Metath'esis.
Change of situation.
  Transposition op  the  Vis'cera, Polype'ria
promis'cua translati'va, Intus inver'sus, is a con-
genital  vice of  conformation, which  consists in
the viscera being found out  of the  situations they
ordinarily occupy:  the heart, for example, being
on the right side ; the liver on the left, Ac.
  TRANSUDATIO,  Diapedesis.
  TRANSUDATION, Trattsuda'tio,  (¥.) Trans-
sudation,  from trans, ' through,' and sudare, suda-
tum, 'to sweat.'   The passage of a fluid  through
the  tissue of any organ, which may collect in
small drops on the opposite surface, or evaporate
from it.
  Transudation, Exosmose.
  TRANSVERSAIRE EPINEUX, Transver-
Ealis dorsi—*. Ejtineux du con, Semispinalis colli
— *. Grele,  see  Sacro-lumbalis —  *. Epineux du
dos,  Semi-spinatus dorsi.
  TRANSVERSAL  DE LA CONQUE, Trans-
versalis auris—t. du Nez,  Compressor nasi — *.
des  Orteils, Transversus pedis.
  TRANSVERSALIS, Transverse.
  Transversa'lis  Abdom'inis, (F.) Lombo-ab-
dominal (Ch.),  Transverse  de I'Abdomen.   This
muscle  is seated, deeply, on the lateral  parts of
the abdomen.   It is flat, thin, and broader before
than behind.  It is attached, above, to the carti-
lage of the last true rib, and to those of every
false rib ;  and, below,  to the inner lip of the crista
of the ilium; to  the two outer thirds of the crural
arch, and to  the upper  part of the pubis.   Its
fibres, moreover, are  inserted, behind, by means
of broad  aponeuroses, into  the top of the trans-
verse and spinous processes ofthe first four lum-
bar  vertebrae  ;  and,  before, into the linea  alba,
and the ensiform cartilage.   This  muscle, all of
whose  fibres  have a transverse  direction, con-
stricts the belly, and diminishes the  base of the
chest, by  drawing inwards the ribs to which it is
attached.
  Transversalis  Anticus  Primus,  Rectus ca-
pitis lateralis — t. Collateralis colli,  see Sacro-
lumbalis.
  Transversa'lis Colli,  Transversalis Major
colli, Portion of the Sacrospinal  (Ch.),  (F.)
 Transversal re.  A muscle, seated at the posterior
and lateral part of the  neck and upper part of
the back.   It is attached to the transverse pro-
cesses  of  the  five or  six lowest vertebrae of the
neck ;  and to  those of the four or five  first dorsal.
It extends the vertebrae of the neck, and inclines
them to its side.
  Transversalis Colli, Semi-spinalis colli.
  Transversalis  Dorsi,   Transverso-spinalis,
Multif'idua  Spina, Lumbo-cervical portion ofthe
Spinal  (Ch.),  (Transrerso-s/iinalis  Luniln'rum,
Transversa - spinalis  Dorsi,  Transversa ■ spinalis
Colli,) Mus'citlns sacer, Spinales  ct trunsr, isales
lumborum,  Semi-spinalis internus sive Transverso-
spinalis  colli  pars interna (Winslow),  Laid,,,.
dorsi-spinal,  Ac,  (F.)  Transrersaire  tpiroux.
This muscle,  usually called, by  English anato-
mists,  Multifidns spina, nnd  including all  tbe
transversospinal, is situate  in  the  vertebral
gutters, extending from the posterior part of  the
sacrum to the second cervical vertebra.  It is
thicker in  the neck and loins  than in  the back
and behind the sacrum.  Its use is—to straighten
the vertebral column, and to impress upon it a
slight rotary motion.
  Transversalis Nasi, Compressor naris.
  TRANSVERSARIUS, Transverse.
  TRANSVERSE, Transver'sus, Transversa'I is,
Transversa'rius, from trans, 'over,' and vertere,
versum, ' to turn.'  That which  runs across : also,
that which relates to the transverse processes of
the vertebrae.
  Transverse Artery of the  Face, arises from
the temporal; passes transversely across the face,
in front of the condyle  of  the lower jaw,  and
gives its branches to the different muscles of  tho
cheek.
  Transverse Fissure, see Liver—t. Fossa,  see
Liver—t.Ligamentof the Atlas, Annular ligament.
  Transverse Perineal Artery, Urethro-bul-
bar (Ch.), is given off from the upper branch of
the internal pudic ; and passes inwards and for-
wards  above the transversus perinaei muscles, as
far as the bulb of the urethra, into which it dips,
subdividing into numerous branches.
  Transverse Proc"esses of the Ver'tebra,
Diapoph'yses of Owen, (F.) Apophyses trarrsverses
dea vertebres, are the bony eminences that jut  out
transversely and posteriorly from  the sides ofthe
vertebrae.
  Transverse* Suture, Sutu'ra  tranaverea'lis,
runs across the face, and sinks  into the orbit;
joining the bones of the skull to  those of  the
face, but with  so  many irregularities and inter-
ruptions, that  it can scarcely be recognised as a
suture.
  TRANSVERSE DE UABDOMEN, Trans-
versalis abdominis—*. de I'Odcule, Transversus
auris — *. du Pirinie, Transversus perinaei.
  TRANSVERSO-SPINAL, Semi-spinalis colli,
Semi-spinalis  dorsi — t. Spinalis, Transversalis
dorsi — t. Spinalis  colli, Semi-spinalis  colli — t.
Spinalis dorsi, Semi-spinalis dorsi.
  TRANSVER'SUS  AURIS,  Transver'sus  Au-
ric'ula, (¥.) Transverse de I'Odcule (Ch.), Trans-
versal  de  la  Conque, is  often  wanting.  It is
formed of some transverse fibres, situate trans-
versely, behind the projection of the helix which
divides the concha into two portions.
  Transversus Pedis, ScaudHla'rius,(¥.)Trarrs-
versal  des  Orteils,  Mitntarso - sous-phalangien
transversal  du premier orteil  (Chaussier).   A
muscle,  which arises  by fleshy  slips  from  tbe
heads of the metatarsal bones of the three outer
toes.   Its tendon is inserted into  the base of  the
first phalanx of the great toe, being blended with
that of the adductor pollicis.
  Transversus  PrrinjEI, Leva'tor Ani parvus,
(¥.) Ischio-pirineal (Ch.), Transverse dn Pirinie,
is placed  at the posterior part of the perimcum.
It is thin, triangular, and  situate transversely.
Its external extremity is attached  to the ramus
and  tuberosity of the ischium: its inner extremity
is confounded with its fellow ofthe opposite side,
and  with  the  anterior part of the sphincter nni
and posterior  part of the bulbo-cavernosus.   The
use of this muscle is,—to compress  the urethra,
and to support the rectum and  bladder.  To a 
TRAPA  NATANS
92'
TREPHINE
fasciculus of this muscle, Santorini has given the
name Ure'thra Eleva'tor seu Ejacnlu'tor.
  Transversus  Perina'i Alteh,  Prostalicus
inferior.  A small muscle  which occasionally ac-
companies the last.
  TRAPA NATANS, (F.) Macre fiottante, Noix
0U  Chdtaigne tlEau.  Ord.  Onagrar-cie.   Sex.
Syst. Tetrandria Monogynia.   The plant which
affords  the Nuces Aquatica,  Triblili aquatici,
Caltrops.   The  nut  is considered nutrient and
demulcent, and  is said  to  be useful in diarrhcea
from abrasion of the  bowels, and in calculus.  A
poultice is sometimes made of  it to discuss hard
and indolent tumours.
  TRAPKZA, Mensa.
   TRAPEZE, Trapezium, Trapezius.
  TRAPE'ZIUM OS, Tpa-n-c^ov,  'a trapezium.' So
called from  its shape.  Os multan'gulum majus,
(¥.) Os trajrize.  The  first  bone  of the  second
row of the carpus.  It is articulated, above, with
the scaphoides; below, with the first bone of the
metacarpus; within, with the  trapezoides, and
Becond  metacarpal bone.  Anteriorly, posteriorly,
and externally, it gives attachment to ligaments.
   TRAPE'ZIUS,  Cuculla'ris,  (¥.) Dorsosus-
acrornien (Ch.),  Trapeze,  Capuchon.  A  muscle,
seated  at the  posterior  part  of the  neck and
shoulder, and at the  upper part of the back.  It
has the shape of a trapezium ; is attached, on the
 one hand, to the inner third of the upper curved
 line of the occipital  bone; to  the posterior cer-
 vical ligament;  to the spinous process  of the 7th
 cervical vertebra; and to  those of all  the dorsal
vertebrae; and,  on the other hand, to the spine
 of  the scapula;  the acromion and the outer third
 of  the posterior  margin of  the clavicle.  Its upper
 fibres are situate obliquely downwards and out-
 wards ; the transverse and inferior, obliquely out-
 wards  and inwards.   This muscle elevates the
 shoulder; carries it  backwards, or depresses it,
 according as its upper, middle,  or  lower fibres
 contract  separately.    It  straigh'tens  the  head,
 also, and inclines it to one side.
   TRAP'EZOID LIGAMENT. Ligamen'tnm tra-
 pezoides.  The  anterior part of the coraco-clavi-
 cular ligament.  It is a very strong, fibrous fas-
 ciculus, which has the shape of a trapezium, and
 is situate obliquely, between the acromion process
 and clavicle.
   TRAPEZOUDES,  OS,  Os multan'gulum minus
 seu pyramidale carpi, from rpanct,tov, 'a  trape-
 zium,'  and eiSos, 'shape  or resemblance'  The
 second  bone of the second row of the carpus,—so
 called from its shape.  It  is smaller than the tra-
 pezium, on the  inside of which it is situate.  It
 is  articulated,  above,  with  the  os naviculare;
below,  with the second metacarpal bone;  on the
 outside, with the trapezium ; and internally, with
 the magnum.    Anteriorly  and  posteriorly,  it
 affords  attachment to ligaments.
    TRA UBENKUR, Grape cure.
   TRAULISMUS, see Balbuties and Blaesitas.
   TRAULOTES, see Blaesitas.
   TRAUMA, Wound.
   TRAUMAT'IC,  Traumat'icus,  Vulnera'rius,
 Vulnerary, (¥.) Traumatique, from rpavua, rpav-
uiitos, ' a  wound.'  Anything relating to a wound.
   TRAUMATICA. Detergents, Vulneraries.
    TRAUMATICINE; same   etymon as Trau-
matic.   A name given  by  Eulenberg to a solution
of  gutta  percha in chloroform, which  is applied
externally in various chronic cutaneous diseases.
   TRAUMATICUS, Traumatic, Vulnerary.
   TRAU'MATISM,  Traumatis'mus.  The condi-
tion of  the organism occasioned  by a grave wound.
   TRAU'MATO-COMI'UM, from rpavua,  rpav-
jarot ' a wound,' and rtoutor, ' I take care of.'  An
hospital for the  reception  of the wounded.
  TRAUMATOP'YRA, Febris traumatica ; from
Tj>a\,\m, TpavpaTos, 'a  wound,'and rvp, 'fire.'   A
wound fever, or fever consecutive to a wound.
  TRAVAIL, Parturition.
  TRA VAIL D'EN FA NT, Parturition.
  TRAVELLER'S  JOY, Clematis vitalba.
  TREACLE,  Melasses,  Theriaca —t. English,
Teucrium chamaodrys — t. Venice, Theriaca.
  TREAD, Cicatricula—t. ofthe Cock, Molecule.
  TREATMENT, Curatio.
  Treatment,  Dry.  One in which  the  patient
is almost wholly, if not wholly, restricted  from
the  alimentary use of fluids ; a valuable modus
medendi  in inflammatory and hemorrhagic condi-
tions.
  TREE, ELK, Andromeda arborea—t.  of Life,
Thuya occidentalis—t. Sour, Andromeda arborea.
  TREFLE DE CASTOR, Menyantbes trifo-
liata— t. D'Eau, Menyantbes trifoliata—*. des
Marais,  Menyantbes trifoliata.
  TREFOIL, Hepatica triloba —t. Bean, stink-
ing, Anagyris — t. Marsh, Menyanthes verna — t.
Sour, Oxalis  acetosella — t. Shrubby, Ptelea tri-
foliata—t. Water, Menyanthes trifoliata.
  TREMA, Foramen.
  TREMBLEMENT,  Tremor — *.  Mitallique,
see  Tremor.
  TREMBLES. Milk-sickness.
  TREMBLING, Tremor —t. Fevers, Intermit-
tent fever.
  TREMELLA  AURICULA  JUD.E,  Peziza
auricula.
  TREMOR,   Trejiida'tio,   Syn'clonus  Tremor,
Tromtrspasmits, Tromus,  Trembling,  (¥.) Tretn-
blement,  from tremere, 'to tremble.'  Involuntary
agitation ofthe body, or of some part of it, with-
out any  obstacle to  voluntary  motion.  It de-
pends, generally, upon debility of the muscular,
or of  the  nervous  system  ;  and, hence, is ob-
served in convalescence, and in  typhoid affec-
tions.  It occurs, also, in  old people; in  hard
drinkers; workers in mercury, lead,  Ac: in the
last case, it is called by the French, Tremblemcnt
mitallique, Tremor metallicus.  Tremor seems to
resemble paralysis  more than  convulsion.   See
Paralysis agitans and Pavitatio.
  Tremor Cordis,  Hippus,  Palpitation — t. Me-
tallicus,  see Tremor — t.  Potatorum, see Delirium
tremens — t.  Purring, Fremissement cataire.
  TREPAN,  Treji'amitn, Try'panon, Trip'anon,
rpviravov, Terebella,  Pereter'ium,  Peretorlum,
Serra versalilis, Chcerr'icis,  Chcenic'ion, Ter'ebra,
Ter'etron,  Tere'trinm, Vertib'ulum, (¥.)  Trepan,
from  rpvnata,  'I perforate.' A surgical instrument
resembling a wimble, and  worked in the same
manner.   It  is  used for removing portions  of
bone, and particularly of the bones of the skull.
The term trepan is given more particularly to the
part of the instrument that makes the perforation.
The handle is so constructed as to receive differ-
ent bits,,—as the crown, the  Tripan perforatif or
Perite'rion, the T. e.cfioliatif or Desquumato'riiim
trejt'anum, and the  T. abajttis'ta.
  In  Great  Britain and  the United States, this
instrument has  been superseded by the trephine,
which is more manageable.
  TREPANATIO,  Trepanning.
  TREPANATION', Trepanning.
  TREPAN'NING,  Terebra'tio, Anatre'sia, Ce-
phalotrijte'aia, Trejtantltio, Tryjte'sis, Tresis, Pri-
st's, Prismas,  Font'tio, (¥.)  Tripanation.  Same
etymon  as Trepan.   The methodical application
of the trepan.
  TREPAN ON, Trepan.
  TREPANUM, Trepan.
  TREPHINE.  The instrument which  has re-
placed the trepan in some countries.  It  consists
of a simple, cylindrical saw; with a handle placed 
TREPHOUSA
928
TRICIIILIA
transversely like  that of a gimlet, and from the
centre of the circle, described by the teeth of the
saw, a sharp little perforator projects, called the
Centre-pin.  The centre-pin  is capable of being
removed, at the surgeon's option,  by means of a
key for the purpose.   It is used to fix the instru-
ment until the teeth of the saw have made a cir-
cular  groove,  sufficiently  deep for it  to work
steadily.  The pin must then be removed.  Some-
tiraes  the pin is made to slide up and down, and
to be fixed in  any position, by means of a screw.
   TREPHOUSA, Nurse.
   TREPIDATIO, Tremor—t. Cordis, Cardiotro-
mus.  ^
   TREPIED VITAL, Tripod, vital.
   TREPON'DO.  A weight of three pounds.—
Scribonius.
   TRE'SIS, rpnots, from rpeor, 'I bore.' Properly,
a perforation.  A wound.  A forcible solution of
continuity in a soft part, commencing externally.
A genus in  the nosology of Good.
   Trrsis, Trepanning, Wound — t. Causis, Burn
— t. Punctura, Puncture — t. Vulnus, Wound —
t. Vulnus laceratum, see  Laceration — t.  Vulnus
simplex. Cut.
   Til ESS AILLEMENT, Shuddering.
   TRESSO'RIA, low  Latin Epislon, e-mociov. A
term formerly applied to  the  hair covering the
mons  veneris, the absence of which has, by the
vulgar, been esteemed a matter of reproach.
   TRI, rpi, in composition, 'three.'
   TRIACLE, Melasses.
   TRIANGLE ME DULL AIRE, Fornix.
   TRIANGLE, VESICAL, see  Urinary Bladder.
   TRIAN'GULAR,   Trigo'nos,  Triangula'ris,
from tri,  and angulus, 'an angle.'  That which
has  three angles.
   Triangular or Infra-pubian Ligament, Lig-
amen'tum triangula're  seu infra-pubia'num, is a
ligamentous fascia with short fibres, situate trans-
versely beneath  the symphysis pubis, which  it
Strengthens.  Also,  a  ligament extending  from
the  coracoid  to  the  acromial process  of the
scapula.
   TRIANGULARIS, Depressor anguli oris —t.
 Coccygis, Coccygeus—t. Nasi, Compressor naris.
   Triangula'ris  Sterni,  Sterno-costal  (Ch.),
Pectora'lis  inter'nus.   A  muscle  situate at the
anterior and  inner  part of the chest, behind the
cartilages  of  the ribs.  It has the shape of a
lengthened triangle, the base of which is directed
downwards.   It  is attached  to  the  posterior,
lateral, and inferior  part of the sternum,  whence
its fibres pass upwards and outwards, and termi-
nate by as many distinct digitations at the carti-
lages  of the 3d, 4th, 5th, and 6th true ribs.  This
muscle depresses the ribs  and contributes to ex-
piration.
   TRIBAS, (F.)  Tribade, from rpifiot,  'I rub.'
Frietrix, Frica'trix, Futu'trix. Mas'cula, Subagi-
ta'trix, Subigita'trix.   A female whose clitoris is
so large as to cause  her to be regarded as  an
hermaphrodite.  One  who acts as  a male with
another female.
   TRIBULI  AQUATICI, see Trapa natans.
   TRIBUTUM  LUNARE,  Menses —t. Men-
struum, Menses.
   TRICiE,  Plica—t. Incuborum, Plica—t. Scro-
forum, Plica.
   TRICAGO, Teucrium chamaedrys.
   TRICAUDALIS,  Retrahens auris.
   TRICEPH'ALUS, from *ri, and <e,pa\v, 'head.'
A monster with three heads.
   TRICEPS,  from  <?•?', and  caput, 'head.'  A
name  given to muscles that have  three fleshy
bundles at one of their extremities.
   Triceps  Adduc'tor Fem'oris.   Under this
at pellation are comprehended three distinct mnn-
cles; Adductor brevis, A. longus, and A. rnni/iiuf.
  Trickps Auris, Retrahens auris—t. Brachialis,
Triceps extensor cubiti.
  Triceps Cruris,- Femora'lis, (¥.)  Tdfimoro.
rntulien  (Ch.),  Crural,  Trifimoro-tibi-rotnlien,
Tricejts crural ou de la cuisse, is situate at the
anterior,  inner, and outer part of the  thigh.  It
is formed of three bundles at its superior  extre-
mity, viz. 1. A middle fasciculus (the crura'lis of
most anatomists).  2. An external fasciculus (tho
vastus externus) and 3.  An inner  fasciculus (the
vastus  internus).  It is  attached, above, to tho
anterior,  inner, and outer surfaces of the femur,
and  to the two  edges of the linea aspera, from
the base  of the trochanter to within four fingers'
breadth of the knee.  Below, it terminates by a
large tendon, which is attached to tho  base and
edges of  the patella, as well as to the inner and
outer tuberosities of the tibia.  The triceps ex-
tends the leg on  the thigh, and conversely.
  TRICEPS DE LA CUISSE, Triceps cruris—
*. Crural, Triceps cruris.
  Triceps Extkn'soh Cu'biti,  Tricejts brachia'-
lis, (¥.) Scapulo-humiro-olicranien (Ch.), Triceps
brachial.  This  muscle, which occupies all the
posterior  part of the os humeri, is described aa
two  muscles  by Douglas, and as three  by  Wins-
low.   It  arises by three heads.  The first or long
head,—long head of the biceps  externus of  Doug-
las, Anconeus major of Winslow,—arises  from the
anterior  extremity of the  inferior costa of the
scapula,  near its neck, and below the  origin  of
the teres  minor.   The second head, or short head
ofthe bicejts externus of Douglas, Anconeus exter-
nus of Winslow, arises  from the upper and outer
part  of the  os humeri, at the base  of the  great
tuberosity ; and  the third head,—Brachialis ex-
ternus of Douglas, Anconeus internus of Winslow,
—the shortest of the three, arises from the back
part  of tho os humeri, behind the flat tendon of
the latissimus dorsi.  These three portions  unite
about the middle of tbe arm, so as to form one
thick and powerful muscle, which is inserted at
the upper part of the olecranon.  It extends the
forearm on the arm, and conversely.
  Triceps Magnus, Adductor magnus—t. Minor,
Adductor longus femoris—t. Secundus, Adductor
brevis.
  TRICHJE  INCUBORUM, Plica.  «
  TRICHANGTA, Capillary vessels
  TRICHANGIECTA'SIA, Angidieeta'sia, Tri-
chocirsus, from Sptl;, rpt%os, 'a hair,' ayyeiov, 'a
vessel,' and enroots, ' dilatation.'  Morbid dilata-
tion  of the capillary vessels.
  TRICHAUX'E, from fyif, T'V.<>s> 'hair,' and
avin,  'increase.'  Increase  in the quantity and
size of the hair, without change of texture.
  TRICHERA ARVENSIS, Scabiosa.
  TRICHIA, Entropion.
  TRICHI'ASIS,  Trichio'sis,  Tricho'sis,  from
$pi£, Tpt^os, ' hair.'  Morbus pila'ris.   This name
has been given to several affections. 1. To  a dis-
ease  of the kidneys or bladder, in which filamen-
tous  substances, resembling hairs, are  passed in
the urine.  This is  also  called Pilimic'tio.  It
must be  regarded  as a  variety of  Catar'rhus
vesi'ca.   2. To a painful swelling of the breasts,
in child-bed women, when the milk is  excreted
with difficulty: — a disease attributed, by Aris-
totle, to a hair swallowed by accident and carried
to the breasts through the circulation ; and 3dly,
To inversion of  the eye-lashes.  See Entropion.
  TRICHIASIS LACTEA, Infarctus  mammae
lacteus.
  TRICHTLIA, Cathartics.
  Trichil'ia Emet'ica, Elcaja.  A tree,  Order,
Meliaceae, common  on  the mountains of Yemen 
TRICHINA  SPIRALIS        020               TRIGEMINI
nnd in Senegal.  The fruit is used, by the Arabs,
as an emetic.  The ripe seeds are  formed with
sesamum oil  into an ointment for the itch.
  Trichilia  Trifolia'ta, a bush  of Cura$oa, a
decoction of  the roots  of which is  used to pro-
mote abortion.
  TRICHINA SPIRA'LIS.  Same etymon.  A
small species of entozoa discovered in the muscles
of voluntary motion.   Trichinae  consist  of very
minute cysts, of an oblong  figure, having consi-
derable resemblance, in size and colour, to young
pediculi, and are  somewhat allied  to  the  eels
found in paste and vinegar.  No symptoms have
ns yet been observed to  be pathognomonic of their
presence.
  TRICHIOSIS, Trichiasis—t. Distrix,  Distrix.
  TRICHIS'MUS.  Same etymon.   Cajrilla'tio,
Fissu'ra pilu'rie.  A capillary fracture, fissure,
or crack.
  TRKTIIURIA,  Trichocephalus.
   TRICIIOCEPIIALE DE  L'HOMME, Tri-
chocephalus.
  TRICHOCEI'II'ALUS,   Trichocepllalus  dis-
par;  frora  -?/x^,  r/.i^oj, 'a hair,' and netpaXri,
'head.'  Triclitin's, T.  vulgaris seu intestinalis,
As'caris trichu'ria, Trichiu'ria, Trichocephalus
seu Mast'o/o'des hominia, Long thread-worm, (¥.)
 Triehoce/ilialc  de  I'homme.  A worm,  from  an
inch and a half  to two inches long;  the head
acute;  the body spirally involuted  in the male,
almost  straight in the  female.   The trichoccjrha-
lus disjiar generally inhabits  the  caecum  and
colon, and is rarely met with in the small intes-
tines.  It gives rise to no peculiar symptoms, and
requires the usual anthelmintic treatment.
  TRICIIOCIRSUS, Trichangiectasia.
  TRICHOC'ENOUS, from Spi?> rptXos, 'a hair,'
nnd  ytivato,  'I generate.'  Hair-forming;  as a
' tricliogenous remedy,' — one that  promotes the
growth of hair.
  TRICHOLABIS, Madisterium.
  TRK'IIOLABIUM, Madisterium.
  TRICHOLOGIA, Carphologia.
  TRICHOMA, O.ipillamentum, Plica.
  TRICIIOMANES, Asplenium  trichomanoides
— t. Crenata, Asplenium trichomanoides.
  TRI'CHOMAI'HYTE, from trichoma, 'plica,'
nnd i/ivtov, ' a  vegetable.' A cryptogamous growth,
found in plica, and said, by  .some, to be its cause.
  TRICHOMAPHYTON.'Mycoderina plica?.
  TRIG IIOM AT I ON, ('a pil I amentum.
  TRICHOMATOSE HAIR, Plica.
  TRICHOMONAS, Trichom'onad; from 6pi£,
rpt^os,  'a hair,'  and  .monad.  An  animalcule
found by M.  Donne in  the mucus of the vagina,
where cleanliness has not been attended to, and
to which  he  has given the  name  Trich onion as
vaginalis.   By some it is considered to be no-
thing more  than  ciliated  epithelium separated
from  tbe uterus.
  TRICHOMACES TONSURANS, Porrigo de-
calvans.
  TRICIIONOSIS, Porrigo—t. Furfuracea, Por-
rigo decalvans— t. Plica,Plica—t.Poliosis,Poliosis.
  TRICHON'OSUS. from Spi%, rpiXos, 'hair,'and
I'ocros, 'disease.'  A disease of tbe hair.
  TRICIIOPHY'IA, Trichojiliylica,  from Sp.f,
rpt^os, 'hair,' and  tpvctv,  'to grow.'  Remedies
that  promote the growth ofthe hair.
  TRICHOPHYTON TONSURANS, see Porrigo
decalvans.
  TRICHOSAN'THES, AMA'RA,  (Spif. Tpi^os.
'hair,' and «>■?>?, 'a flower.')   Order, Cucurbita-
cea>; a plant  of India;  the  seeds are bitter and
nstringent,  sometimes emetic.  In Jamaica, it  is
considered to be a poison, and is used for killing
rats.
  TmcHosANTiius  Corda'ta.   The  root is  used ,|
        59
by the natives of India  as a  substitute  for Ca-
lumba root.
   Trichosanthes  Cucumer'ina.   The  fruit  is
considered in India to be anthelmintic.
   Trichosanthes Inci'sa, Gashed Trichosanthes,
of tbe forests of India.  The fruit is esteemed  to
be poisonous.  Pounded and  intimately blended
with cocoa nut oil, it is used in India as an appli-
cation to  offensive  sores of  the ears,  and  to
ozaena.
   TmcnosANTiiEs Villo'sa, of Java.  The fruit
acts like colocynth.
   TRICHOSCHISIS,  Schizatrichia.
   TRICHO'SIS, Pi la're  malum; from Spit, rpt-
X°s,  'hair.'   Morbid  organization or deficiency
of hair.   A genus in the system of Good.
   Trichosis, Entropion,  Trichiasis — t. Area,
Porrigo decalvans — t. Athrix, Alopecia — t. Dis-
trix, Distrix—t. Furfuracea, Porrigo furfurans —
t. Hirsuties, Hirsuties — t. Plica, Plica — t. Polio-
sis, Poliosis—t. Setosa, Hystriciasis.
   TRICHOTON, Scalp.
   TRICHURTS, Trichocephalus.
   TRICLISPERMA GRANDIFLORA, Polygala
paucifolia.
   TRICUS'PID,  Tricus'pis, Triciispidalis, Tri-
cusjiida'tus,  from  tri, and  cuspis,  cuspidis,  'a
point.'  That which has three  points.
  Tricuspid A'alves, Valvula  Tricus'pides seu
triglo'chines  seu  trisul'ca, are  three triangular,
valvular duplicatures, formed by the inner mem-
brane of the  right cavities  of  the heart,  around
the  orifice by which  tbe auricle communicates
with the ventricle.  The  elongated and pointed
top of each of these valves is continuous with tbe
chordae tendineae, which set out from the columna?
carnea? ofthe heart.  These valves are depressed
to allow the  blood to  flow from the  auricle into
the ventricle  ; and are raised to prevent its reflux
into  the auricle.
  TRIENS,  Un'eia  qualuor.   From tri, 'three.'
The  third part of  a pound.  Four ounces, Troy.
— Galen.
  TRIFACIAL, Trigemini.
   TRIF^MORO-ROTULIFN, Triceps cruris—
t.  Tibi-rotnlien, Triceps cruris.
  TRIFOLIUM ACETOSUM, Oxalis acetosella
— t. Aquaticum, Menyanthes  trifoliata—-1. Au-
reum, Hepatica triloba — t. Cervinum, Eupatorium
cannabinum—t. Fibrinum, Menyanthes trifoliata
—t. Hepaticum. Hepatica  triloba.
  Trifo'lium Melilo'tus Officina'lis, T. offic"-
inale sen odora'turn seu  caballlrutin ; from  tri.
and folium, 'a leaf.'  Melilotus, Melilo'tus cit'ri-
na, Lotus  sylves'tris, Ser'tttla Comjia'na, Coro'na
re'gia, Common mel'Hot, (F.) Mililot.   Ord. Le-
guminosae. Sex. Syst. Diadelphia Decandria. The
infusion or distilled water of this plant has been
employed in  cases of ophthalmia.   It has also
been used in  fomentations, glysters, Ac.
  Trifolium  Officinale, T. melilotus officinalis
— t. Paludosum.  Menyanthes  trifoliata — t. Pa-
lustre, Menyantbes trifoliata.
  TRIGAS'TRIC, Tdgris'tricus, Triven'ter; from
/?•?', and yaornp, 'belly.'   That which has three
bellies.  An epithet for muscles so circumstanced.
  TRIGEM'INI, Tergem'ini, from tri, and gem'-
inns, 'double;' 'threefold,'  'triplets.'  The fifth
pair of nerves, Nervi divi'si seu t/nstatol-ii, A'er-
rus quintus seu tremeltns seu mixtus seu sym/iathet'-
icus me'dius sensympath'iciis medius seu anon'ymns
seu innomina'tiis,Purtrigem'inutn sen qiiintnm ner-
vorum eerebralium sen triiim funiculi,'rum,  Tri-
fia'cial, fF.) Nerf gustatifi innomini, Nerf d trois
cordes, A, ,f trijumeau.  This nerve arises below
tbe tuber annulare by one large posterior root from.
the corpora restiformia, and by two small ante-
rior roots from the corpora olivaria, whence, pro- 
TRIGONE CEREBRAL      930          TRISPLANCHNIC
needing forwards to the side of the sella Turcica,
trie filaments  composing the  large  root  form a
ganglion — the  Gasserian.  Emerging from this
ganglion, the  filaments, of which the  large  root
consists, form, with those constituting the small
roots,  and  which had not passed  through the
ganglion, two flattened  trunks, each of which is
soon divided into three branches, in such a  man-
i.er, however, that the first, or ophthalmic branch,
and the second or njijrer maxillary, are composed
exclusively of the filaments that arose from the
corpora  restiformia and passed through the Gas-
serian ganglion; whilst the thinl or lower maxil-
lary  branch is  composed  in  part  of  those fila-
ments, and in part of those  that arose from the
corpora olivaria, and  passed on  one side of the
ganglion without going through it.  The whole,
therefore, ofthe first and second branches,  and a
part  of  the third are sensiferous nerves, whilst
the remaining part of the third — the man'duca-
tory  or  mas'ticutory—is wholly motiferous, and
passes to the pterygoid and  other  muscles con-
cerned in mastication.
   TRIGONE CEREBRAL, Fornix—*.  Visical,
see Urinary Bladder.
   TRIGONEL'LA FCENUM, T. Fee'num  Gra'-
enm, diminutive of trigona, three sided—from the
shape of its flower; Fen'ugreek, Fee'nugreek, Foe-
num  Gra'cnm,  Bu'ceras,  B.  Foenion  Gra'cum,
 Carplors, AEgoc"eras, (¥.)  Finvgrec,  Sinigrain.
 Ord. Leguminosae.  Sex. Syst. Diadelphia Decan-
 dria.  A native of the south  of  France.   The
 seeds have a strong, disagreeable  smell, and an
 unctuous,  farinaceous taste;  accompanied  by a
 slight bitterness.  Tbey are chiefly used in poul-

    TRIGONIUM OLFACTORIUM,  see  Mam-
 millary eminence.
    TRIGONOS, Triangular.
    TRIGONUS VESICAE, see Urinary bladder—
 t.  Lieutaudi,  see Urinary bladder.
    TRIJUMEA UN,  Trigemini.
    TRTL'LIUM  LATIFO'LICM. from  tdlix,
 'triple.' — all the parts being in threes.  Broad-
 leaf Beth root, Bethroot, Rattlesnake root,  Wake-
 robin,  Cough root,  Indian  Balm,   Ground  Lily,
 Jews' Harjr,  Indian  Shamrock,  Pariswort, True-
 love.    Ord.  Trilliacea?.   Sex.  St/st. Hexandria
 Trigynia.  A plant  peculiar  to North  America,
 which blossoms in the spring.   The root is as-
 tringent.
    There are many species of Trillium, all of which
 possess the same properties.
    TRIOCEPHALIA, Aprosopia.
    TRIOR'CHIS, from tri, and  opXis, 'a testicle.'
 One who has three  testicles.
    TRIOSTEOSPERMUM, Triosteum.
    TRTOS'TEUM, T. Perfolia'tum seu majus, from
 tri,  and oartov, ' a bone,' in allusion to  the three
 bony nuts ;  Triosteosper'mum,  Bastard  Ipecacu-
 an'ha,  Ferer  Root, Feverwort,  Tinker's  weed,
 Horse ginseng or gentian, Ipecac, Wild  Co/fee,
  White  ,/inxeng, Gen'tian,  White Gentian, Sweet
 Bitter.    Indigenous;  Ord.   Caprifoliaceae.    In
 very large doses, the  bark  of the root  proves
 emetic.  Itis a good cathartic, in doses of twenty
 or thirty grains.  It sometimes  operates  as a diu-
 retic.
    Triostkum  Augustifoliu.m, T.  minus,  has
 similar virtues.
    TRIPE DE ROCHE.  Different lichens of the
 species Gyrophora, inhabiting the  Arctic regions
 of America,  bear this name.   They are  eaten as
 food bv the hunters.
    TRIPHAR'MACUM, r^ap,iaKoV.  From  tri,
 and tpappaieoit, 'a medicine.' A medicine composed
 of thre  ingredients.
    TRIPLET, from triplex, 'triple.' One of three
children born at tbe same accouchement or ges-
tation.   Also, relating  to triplets — as a ' triplet
conception.'
   Triplet Monsters,  Monstra trijt'/ica sen tri-
gem'ina, are such as have parts of the body tripled.
They are rare.
   TRIPOD, VITAL,  (F.)  Tri/ricd vital.   The
heart, lungs, and brain have  been so called,  ns
their united action is necessary for the maintcn.
ance  of life.
   TRIPSIS, Contusio,  Trituration.
   TRIPUDIATIO SPASTICA, Chorea.
   TRIQUETRA OSSA, Wormiana ossa.
   TRIQUETRUM, (OS,) Cuneiform (bone.)
   TRESIS, Brygmus.
   TRISMUS, from rpi^or,' I gnash.' Euttt'eia seu
 Tonus  Trismus, Cajiis'trnm, Mas'ticutory sjtasin
of the face, Locked Jaw, Sjrasmus  seu Rigor seu
 Tel anus maxilla  inferio'ris,  Gnathosjttts'mus,
 Stomatosjras'mits, (¥.) Mai de Machoire.  Spastic
 closure of the under jaw; a partial  tetanus.   Cul-
 len makes two varieties— T. niiscen'tium seu nc-
 onato'rum,  Nineday fits, (F.)  Sarrete, attacking
 infants during two weeks from birth ; and T. tran-
 maticus, originating from a wound.
   Trismus Capistratus, Bridissure—t. Catarrh-
 alis maxillaris, Neuralgia inaxillaris—t. Clonicus,
| Neuralgia faciei—t. Cynicus. see Canine laugh—
 t. Diastrophe  Sauvagesii,  Paralysis,  Bell's — t.
 Dolorificus, Neuralgia  faciei—t. Maxillaris, Neu-
 ralgia  faciei—t. Nascentium, see Trismus — t.
 Neonatorum, see Trismus — t. Sardonicus, Risus
 sardonicus.
   TRISPERM'UM, from tri, and ontpua, 'a grain
 or seed.'  A cataplasm, consisting of three seeds,
 — cumin, bay, and smallage.  Gorrams.
   TRTSPLANCIINIA, Cholera.
   TRISPLANCH'NIC,  Trisjilanch'nicus,  (¥.)
 Trisplanchnique; from *?•?', and onXtiy-^vov,  'vis-
 cus.'   That  which  relates to  three  orders  of
 viscera.
   Trisplanchnic Nerve,  Nervus trisjilanch'ni-
 cus  seu sympathet'icus magnus  seu sytupath'icu*
 seu gangl ion'icus seu  vaso-moto'rius, (¥.) Nerf
 symjiathique ou grand  sympalhique, Great synijnt-
 thet'ic, Intercos'tttl, Ganglionic or ver'ti brat nerve,
 Nerve, of organic  life ; — named by Bichat  tbe
 organic nervous system, in opposition to the other
 nervous parts,  called the  animal  nervous system.
 Gall terms it, the nervous system of the automatic
  functions.   It  has  also been  called  the gangli-
 onic nervous system.   It is termed Trisjrlanchic,
 because  it  distributes its  branches  to  tbe  or-
 gans in the three great  splanchnic  cavities —
 the  head,  chest and abdomen.  It  is  coin-
 posed of a series  of  ganglia,  united by inter-
 mediate branches, and  passing  along the side
 of the  spine to  the lowest part  of  the trunk;
 communicating, by a  branch, with each of  tbe
 thirty pairs of spinal  nerves  and several  of  the
 cerebral nerves; and  detaching nerves  from  its
 several ganglia, which accompany the  arteries,
 and are distributed, particularly, to the organs
 of involuntary functions.   At its  upper part it is
 concealed in the canalis caroticus nnd cavernous
 sinus, and is joined there by  a branch of the  fith
 pair  of nerves, and by a twig from tho Vidian
  nerve of the 5th pair.  In passing down by  the
  side  of the spine, it forms three  ganglia  in  tbe
  neck:—the superior,  middle, (thyroid gain/lion,)
  and inferior, (ver'tebral ganglion); 12 in the back
  —the thoracic;  5 in the loins—the lumbar ;  and
  three or four sacral. When it reaches the coccyx
  it unites with  its fellow from the opposite side,
  forming a small ganglion — the cocyge'al,  Gan'-
  glion im/rar, az'ygous  gan'glion.   Meckel divides
j| it into two portions— 1. The  central ganglions or
I central part, composed of  the  numerous gangli-
.' onic plexuses iu the abdomen ; the centre of which 
TRISPLANCIINITIS          931             TROCHISCUS
is the semilunar and solar plexuses.  2. The ex- j
teriial  ganglions, Limitrojihes  or  external part,
which comprise the series of ganglions situate at !
the sides of the spine, from the base of the  cra-
nium to the sacrum.   The great  sympathetic j
seems to form a distinct nervous system, destined
for the organs of involuntary motion; for although
communicating with both brain and spinal mar-
row, it does not seem to be immediately under
the influence of either.  Its special functions are
not yet, however, well understood, and  are the
subject — as they have  always been — of much
interesting investigation.
   TRISPLANCIINITIS, Cholera, (spasmodic.)
   TRISSAGO, Teucrium chamasdrys—t. Palus-
 tris, Teucrium scordium.
   TRIST KM A NIA, Melancholy.
   Tit ISTERN'AL.  B6clard has given this name
 to the third bony portion of the sternum; — that
 which corresponds to  the third intercostal space.
   TRISTUTA, Athymia, Mceror.
   TRITjEOPHYA  AMERICANA, Fever,  yel-
 low.
   TRITiEOPII'YES,  Tdtaa/rh'ya,  from  rpiraios,
 'tertian,' and  tfrvto, 'I become.'   A fever, whose
 type approaches the tertian.   Sauvages gave the
 name  Tritaojthya Vratislavien'sis, to an epidemic,
 which broke out in the Prussian army at Breslaw,
 in the middle of the last century.
   TRIT^EUS, Tertian fever.
   TRIT'ICUM  .ESTI'VUM,  from  terere, fritum,
 'to thrash.' T. cerea'le seu Cevallos seu comjiac'-
 tum seu erina'ceum seu Gaertneria'mtm sen Lin-
 tiatlnum  seu  jtrnino'sum, Summer wheat; and
 Trit'icum  Hybkrn'um  seu glaucum seu Mu'ti-
 cum seu Sic'itlum,  Winter wheat, (¥.) Fromcnt.
 On/. Gramineae.   Sex. Syst. Triandria Digynia.
 From these plants our wheaten flour is obtained,
 by grinding the  seeds— Wheat, Pyrus, Frumeil-
 tum — and to them we are indebted for our bread
 and pastry.  The nutritive properties of wheaten
 flour are so well known  as not to need comment.
   Bread, (¥.) Pain, mixed with milk, constitutes
 the ordinary emollient poultice ;—and the crumbs
 t,f bread,  Mica  jranis,  are a  common excipient
 for pills and boluses.
   Triticum Arvense, T. repens — t.  Cereale, T.
 a?stivum — t. Cevallos,   T. a'stivuin — t.  Com-
 pactum, T. aestivum  — t. Faginum,  Polygonum
 f'agopyrum— t.  Gaertnerianum, T. mstivum — t.
 Ulaucuin, T. hybernum, and T. repens—t. Hyber-
 nuin, see T. tostivuin—t. Muticum, T. hybernum
 —t. Linnaeanum, T. icstivum — t. Pruinosum, T.
 a?stivum.
   Trit'icum  Repens,  T. arven'se seu glaucum,
 Agrop'yrurn lads'siimtm, Bromus glaber, Granien
 cunlnum seu  Dioscor' id is seu repens, Lolt'a''ceitrn
 radi'ce rejten'te. Dog-grass, Couch-grass, Quickens,
  Twitch-grass,  (Sc.)  Ronnachs,   (F.)  Cliiendent.
 The roots are sweet, and possess  aperient pro-
 perties.  They are  said, also,  to be diuretic.
    Triticum Siculum, T. hybernum.
    TRITIO, Contritio. Trituration.
    TRITON PALUSTRIS, see Ectozoa.
    TR1T0RIUM, Infundibulum.
    TRITURA, Contritio.
    TRITURA'TION,  Tritura'tio, Tritu'ra, Tritits,
  Tri tin, Tri/tsis, from terere,  trititm, 'to bruise.'
 The act of reducing a substance to powder.
    TuiTURirioN, Contritio.
    TRITUS. Contritio, Trituration.
    TKIVELIN.  sec Liver.
    TRIVENTER. Trigastric.
    TROCAR,  Tiochar, Acts paracenlica seu pa-
 rncenlctlca seu triq'uetra vn!,/a'ris,  Pttraeeuti'-
 cion,  Paracentete'rioii.   Corrupted from the (F.)
  Ti-oisquarts or Troctnl, ' three quarters;' so called
 from the triangular shape ofthe point—Trig'net-
 rum.   An  instrument used for  evacuating  fluids
from cavities, particularly in  ascites, hydrocele,
Ac.  A trocar consists  of a perforator  or  stylet
and  a  canula, which is so adapted to  the per-
forator, that, when the  puncture  is made, both
enter the wound with facility; after which, the
stylet  being  withdrawn,  the  canula remains in
the wound and  affords  the fluid a ready passage
outwards.
   TROCART, Trocar.
   TROCH, Trochiscos.
   TROCHANTER,  Trokanter,  Rota'tor, from
Tpo%aur,  'I turn.'   Anatomists have given  the
names great and little trochanter to two processes
at the  proper extremity of the femur.  The great
trochan'ter, glut us, is  the one on the outside; the
less  is lower down and more internally.   Both
afford  attachment to rotator muscles of the  thigh,
and hence their name.  Chaussier, by  the word
trochanter, means the larger process; the smaller
he calls  trochantiu.
   TROCHANTERTAN, 7VocA«ii*e?-?a'iii(8, Tro-
kaiiter'ian.   That which belongs or relates to the
great trochanter. ■— Chaussier.
   TROCHANTIN'IAN, Trokantin'ian, Trochan-
tinia'nus.  That which belongs or relates to the
trochantin or less trochanter.
   TROCHAR, Trocar.
   TROCHES  OF  CARBONATE  OF  LIME,
 Trochisci  carbonatis calcis — t. of Chalk, Tro-
chisci carbonatis calcis — t. Escharotic, Trochisci
 eseharotici — t. Gum, Trochisci gummosi — t. of
 Gum Arabic, Trochisci acaciae—t. of Ipecacuanha,
 Trochisci ipecacuanha?—t. of Lactucarium, Tro-
 chisci lactucarii — t.  Liquorice, Trochisci glycyr-
 rhiza?— t. Liquorice, with opium,  Trochisci gly-
 cyrrhiza? cum  opio — t. of  Magnesia,  Trochisci
 magnesia? — t. of  Morphia, Trochisci morphiae—
 t. of Morphia and ipecacuanha,  Trochisci mor-
 phiae et ipecacuanha?—t. Nitre, Trochisci nitratis
 potassm — t.  of Peppermint,  Trochisci menthae
 piperitae—t. of  Tartaric acid, Trochisci acidi tar-
 tarici.
   TROCHIA, Orbit.
   TROCHILIA, Trochlea.
   TROCUIN, from rpoXaetv,  ' to turn.'  Chaussier
 has given this name  to the smaller of the  tubercr
 sities  at the  upper extremity of  the os humeri;
 because it gives attachment to one of the  rotator
 muscles of the  arm,—the subseapularis.
   TROCHIN'IAN,  Trochinia'nus.  That which
 belongs or relates to the trochin.
   TROCHIS'CUS, Phthois, Artis'cus, Collix, Co-
 lix, Phthois'cos, Rot'ula,  Cyclis'mos, diminutive
 of rpoxos. 'a wheel.'   A troch or round table, (F.)
 Trochisque.   See  Pastil, and Tabella.  A solid
 medicine, prepared  of powders, incorporated by
 means  of mucilage, crumb  of bread, juices  of
 plants,  Ae.   In French nomenclature, the tro-
 chisque differs from the tablctte,—the former con-
 taining no  sugar.   This form of preparation  is
 adapted for the purpose of allowing the medicines
 of which the troch is composed to dissolve slowly
 in  the  mouth, and  to pass  gradually into  the
 stomach.
   The Parisian Codex has two formulae for  troches
 for external use.
   Trochisci Aca'ci.-e,  Troches of Gum Ar'abic.
 (Acac. ^iv; Amyli f,} ; Sacchar. Ibj.   Make into
 a mass  with rose water, and form  lozenges.—Ph.
 E.)   To allay cough.
   Trochisci Ac"ini Tartar'ici,  Troches of Tar-
 taric  Acid.   (Acid.  Tartar.  % y.  Sacchar. ^ viij ;
 Ol. Limon. Vt\.x.  Form into troches with muci-
I luge.—Ph. E.)   Refrigerant  and demulcent.
   Trochisci  Bkchici  Nigri,  T.  glyoyrrhizae
 gbil.no.
   Tuocnisci Cahbona'tis Calcis, T. e Creta,  T.
!: Ceta (Ph. U. S. I, Troches ofi Car'bonate  of lime
i! or cAd//.-, Lozenges for the heartburn, Tabella ad 
TROCHISCI  E  CRETA        932
TROPIII
ardo'rem ventric'uli  seu cardialgica sen ad so- I
dam.   (Cret. ppt. (^iv;  acacia, in pulv. 5J : my-
rist. in pulv. t^j ;  sacch. in  pulv. 3VJ. M»   Form
into troches with  touter.) Antacid and absorbent.
  Trochisci e Creta, T.  carbonatis calcis — t.
Creta?, T. carbonatis calcis.
  Trochisci seu  Pastil'li Emeti'n^e Pectora'-
I.ES, Pectoral Lozenges ofi Enletine. (Sugar, %iv;
emetine, 32 grains.   Form  into lozenges of nine
grains each.) One is a dose.
  Trochisci Escharot'ici, Escharotic Troches.
(Hydrarg. oxymttr. p. 8;  amyli, p. 16; mucilag.
g. tragac. q. s.   Make into troches,  to which a
few drops of laudanum may be added.—Ph. P.)
Used in foul ulcers, to remove excrescences, Ac.
  Trochisci Escharot'ici de  Min'io.   (Oxyd.
plumbi. rubr. p. 16 ; hydrarg. oxymur. p. 32; ?h?'c.
jianis, p. 128; aq. rosa, q. s. — Ph. P.)  Used
like the last.
  Titocnisci Glycyrrhi'z^i:,  T. G.  Glabra seu
Becllici  nigri, Liq'uorice troches, Black pectoral
lozenges.   (Ext.  glyc. glubr., gum. acac. aa p. j ;
sacch. purif. p.  ij.   Dissolve  in warm  water;
strain ; evaporate, and form into troches.—Ph. E.)
Demulcent.  To  allay  cough.
  Trochisci Glycyrrhi'z.e cum O'pio, T. G. et
opii (Ph. U. S.)  seu Thebaic! seu sedatlvo-bal-
sunlici seu pectora'les  regis Dano'rum, Liquorice
Troches  with Opium, Wistar's Lozenges.   (Ojtii,
in pulv.  §ss; ext. glycyrrhiz. in pulv., sacchar.
in pulv., acacia, in  pulv.,  aa  £x ;  ol. anisi, f ^j.
Make into troches.—Ph. U. S.)   Demulcent and
anodyne.
  Sjtitta's Lozenges  for  coryza, hoarseness, and
sore-throat, are  composed  as  follows: — (Citbeb.
recent, in pulv. ^'j ', extract, glycyrrhiz.  t^j ; myr-
o.ryl. "Zfy, acacia, £iv ; syrup, q. s.  Make into
troches of ten grains each.
  Tuochisci Gummo'si, Gum Troches.  (G. acac.
p. v ; amyli, p. i ; sacch. jrur. p. xij.  Make  up
the   troches with  rose-water. — Ph. E.)  De-
mulcent.
  Trochis'ci Ipecacuan'ha!, Troches of  Ipeca-
cuanha.   (Ijiecacuanh.  in  pulv.  §ss; sacchar. in
pulv.  5xiv; maranta, in  pulv.  ^iv; mucilag.
tragacanth.  q. s.   Make into troches.—Ph. U. S.)
  Trochisci Lactuca'iui, Troches of Lactttca'-
rium. (Prepared with  Lactucariitm in  the same
proportion and manner as  the opium  lozenges.—
Ph. E.)  Each lozenge contains  between the fifth
and sixth of a grain of lactucariuin.
  Trochisci Magne'sIjE,  Troches of 3Iagne'sia.
(Magnes. \\\v;  sacchar. Ibj; myrist. pulv.  gj ',
mucilag. tragacanth. q. s.  Make into troches.—
Ph.  U. S.)  Useful in acidity of the stomach, with
constipation.
  Trochisci  Musth.e  Piperi't^e,  Troches  of
Pejtpermint.  (01. menth.  piperit. f 3J >  sacchar.
in pulv. Ibj; mucilag.  tragacantha, q.  S.  Make
into  troches. — Ph. U.  S.)   Used as  a carmina-
tive.
  Trochisci Morph'i^;,  Troches  of Morphia.
(Morph.  Muriat.  Qj ; Tinct. Tolut. ^ss; Sacchar.
5 xxv.   Make  into  lozenges,   with mucilage,
weighing 15 grains each.—Ph. E.)  Each lozenge
contains about one-fortieth of a grain of muriate
of morphia.  Used to allay cough.
  Trochisci Morph'IjE et Ipecacuan'ha, Tro-
ches  of  Morphia and  Ipecacuan'ha.   (Mor/ih.
voir,  ^j > Ipecac, pulv. ^j ; Tinct. Tolut. f.^ss;
Sacchar.  ^xxv.   Make into a  mass with muci-
lage, and form lozenges, 15 grains each.—Ph. E.)
Each lozenge contains  about  one-fortieth of  a
grain of the muriate.   Used to  allay cough.
  Trochisci Nitra'tis Potas'sje, Nitre Troches.
(Potassa nitrat.  p. j;  sacch.  pur. p. iij.  Make
into troches  with mucilage of tragacanth.— Ph.
E.)   In  slight  inflammatory  sore-throat  and
fever.
  Trochisci  Pectorales  Regis  Danorum,  T.
glycyrrhiza?  cum  opio — t. Sedutivo-balsainica,
T. glycyrrhizae cum opio.
  Trochis'ci  SoOyi?  Bicarbona'tis, Troches  of
Bicar'bonate  ofi Soda.  (Soda bicarb,  ^iv; sac
cA«?-. in pulv. Ibj :  mucilag. tragacanth. q. s.  To
be made into a mass, and divided into  troches,
each weighing ten  grains.—Ph. U. S.)   Antacid.
  The  Pastilles de   Vichy,  Pastilles  digestives
d'Hauterive-Vichy, Pastil'li digestlvi  barctli.
composed  of bicarbonate of  soda,  oil  of pejr-
permint, and sugar,  are  much used in  France,
like  the Vichy waters, in  cardialgia,  gout, and
lithiasis.
  Trochisci   Stibiati,  Tabella?  antimonialcs
Kunckelii — t.  Thebaici,  T. glycyrrhizic  cum
opio.
  TROCHISQUE, Trochiscos.
  TROCHTTER,  from rpoXuctv, 'to turn.'  The
larger of the two tuberosities at the upper extre-
mity of the os humeri; so called because it affords
insertion to rotator muscles.— Chaussier.
  TROCHITER'IAN, in the language of Chaus-
sier, means  any thing belonging  or relating to
the trochitcr.
  ,TROCH'LEA,  Trochilia,  (¥.)  Trochlie  ou
Troklie. A pulley ; from rpo-^ativ,  ' to turn,'—for
example, the articular surface at the lower extre-
mity ofthe os humeri; so called from its forming
a kind  of pulley  on which  the ulna  moves, in
flexion and extension of the  forearm.   Also, the
cartilaginous pulley over which the tendon of the
trochlearis muscle  passes, at the upper and inner
part of  the orbit.
  Trochlea Labyrinthi, Cochlea.
  TROCHLEARIS, Obliquus superior oculi.
  TROCHLEATEUR,  GRAND, Obliquus su-
perior oculi — *. Petit, Obliquus superior oculi.
  TROCHLEE, Trochlea.
  TRO'CTIOID, from -rpo^of, 'a wheel,' and ciios,
'resemblance.'  Troclot'ilies, Ax'ea commissu'ra.
An articulation, in which  one bone turns upon
another, like a wheel upon its axle; as the Atlo-
ido-axoid articulation.
  TROCIIOIDES, Axea commissura.
  TROEXE, Ligustrum vulgare.
  TROISQUARTS,  Trocar.
  TROKANTER. Trochanter.
  TROKANTERIAN, Trochanterian.
  TROKANTTNIAN, Trochantinian.
   TROKLEE, Trochlea.
  TROLLIUS LAXUS,  T.  America'nus, Globe
flower;  Order, Ranunculacea?;  indigenous: has
the same medical properties as the Ranunculus.
  TROMOMANIA,  Delirium tremens.
  TROMOPARANCEA, Delirium  tremens.
  TROMOS, see Paralysis agitans.
  TROMOSPASMUS, Tremor.
   TROMPE, Tuba — *. d'Eusiache, Eustachian
tube—*. de Fallope, Tuba Fallopiana—*. Utirine,
Tuba Fallopiana.
  TROMUS, Tremor.
   TRONC, Trunk—*. Brachial, Brachial  artery
— *. Basilaire, Basilary artery.
  TROPiE'OLUM MAJUS,  Naslur'tinm Indi-
cum seu Peruvia'num, Acrid'ola,  Flos sangnin'-
eus monar'di, Cardamin'dutn  majus, Citr'dttmum
majus,  Indian  Cress.  Ord.  Geraniacea?.  Sex.
Syst. Octandria Monogynia.  (F.) Cresson  des
Indes,  Cresson  du  Mexique, Cajtucine.   An anti-
scorbutic.
  Trop^e'olum Tubero'sum, U/lueo.  A  tuberous
plant, cultivated in the Sierra, Peru. It is smaller
than the potato.
  TROPHALIS, Colostrum.
   TROPHE, Aliment, Cibatio, Pabulum.
   TROPIII.  Same etymon as Trophy.   In  in- 
TROPHICAL
933
TUBE
sects, the parts of the mouth that are employed
in receiving and preparing tbe food.
  TUOPH'ICAL,  Tropllicus,  (¥.)  Trophique.
Same etymon as Trophy.   Relating to  nourish-
ment or  nutrition.
  Tkoph'ical Nerves.   The organic nerves, or
nerves  of the sympathetic system, have been
so termed, from the belief that they are concerned
in nutrition.
  TROPHIMOS, Nutrition.
  TROPIIONEURO'SES, from rpotp-n,  'nourish-
ment,' and  neurosis.  Morbid conditions  of  the
process of nutrition, owing  to modified nervous
influence. — Romberg.
  TROPHON'OSI,  Trojihnmlsi,  from rpo'pi?,
'nourishment,' and vuoos,  'a disease.'   Diseases
of nutrition.
   TROPII'Y, Tropllia,  rpodin, a  suffix  denoting
'nourishment or nutrition;' as  in  hypertrophy,
'excess of nourishment or nutrition.'
   TROPONU'SI, Morbi trojt'ici,  from rpon-i?, the
solstitial or tropical point where the sun turns or
niters its course, and vovoos,  'a  disease.'  Dis-
eases that prevail in the tropics.
   TROSTER, see Spirit.
   TROU, Foramen—*. Anonyme, Foramen stylo-
mastoideum—*. Arcngfe  ou  Rorgne, Caecum fora-
men—*.  Borgne of  the Medulla oblongata, Fora-
men  ca?cum of  the medulla  oblongata — *.  de
Botal, Botal foramen. Ovale foramen—*. Dichiri
antirieur, Lacerum anterius foramen—*. Dichiri
jurstirieur, Lacerum posterius  foramen — *. Ejti-
neux,  Spinale  foramen — *. Mentonnier, Mental
foramen—*. Ojrtique, Foramen opticum—C'  Or-
bitaire supirieur, Foramen  supra-orbitarium — *.
 Orbitaire supirieur, Orbitar foramen superior —
t. Orale, Ovale foramen — *. Rond, petit, Spinale
foramen — *. Sous-orbitaire, see Suborbitar canal
—t. Soiis-jrubien, Obturatorium foramen—*. Sjrhi-
uo-ipineux, Spinale foramen — *. Sus-orbitaire,
Foramen supra-orbitarium.
   TROUS  CAROTIDIEXS, Carotica foramina
— (. Condyloidiens, Condyloidea foramina — *. de
 Ctinjugaison, Conjugations  foramina, see  Verte-
brae— *.  Olfiictifs,  Olfactory foramina — *.  Ra-
chidiens, Spinal foramina.
   T110USSR. Case (pocket).
   TROUSSK-GALAXT, Cholera morbus.
   TR 01 'SSICA U,  Fasciculus.
   TItOUSSEAUN  ARRIERE-MESENTE-
RIQUES (¥.).  A name given by  Winslow to
the nervous plexus situate between the two me-
senteric  plexuses,  of which it is a dependence,
and which descends into the pelvis to  concur in
the formation of-the hypogastric plexus.
   TRUBS, Lycoperdon  tuber.
   TRUCK, sec Medicament.
   TRUCUI.EN'TUS, Homicidal.
   TRUIHIUBAOKED, see  Hump.
   TRUELOVE,  Paris, Trillium latifolium.
   Till'FEE. Lycoperdon tuber.
   TRUFFLE,   Lycoperdon  tuber — t. Hart's,
Elapliomvco u'ranulatus.
  TRULL A, Fart.
  TRUMBUS, Thrombus.
  TRUMPET  CREEPER, Tecoma radicans—t.
Flower, Tecoma radicans—t. Weed, Eupatorium
purpiireum.
  TRUXCUS, Trunk.
  TRUNK, Trnncus, (¥.) Tronc.   The principal
part of the body, to which the limbs are articu-
lated.  The trunk  has  been divided into three
parts :__a superior, the head; a middle, the *Ao-
rax,  and an inferior, the  pelris.  These three
regions contain  the great  splanchnic  cavities.
They  are united by a common stalk — the verte-
bral column.   To the middle are articulated  the
superior  extremities; and,  to  the inferior,  the
lower extremities.
  The trunk of an artery, vein, nerve,  or lym-
phatic, is its largest part, which has not yet given
off branches.  It is, also, applied to the parent
vessel, after branches have been sent off.
  TRUSS, from (F.) trousser, 'to  tie up.'  Bra-
che'rium, Brachic'rium, Brachlle, Brachi'rolum,
Bracheri'oluin, Amma,  Hamtna,  Subliguc'ulum,
Subligatu'ra,  (¥.) Brayer.   A  hernial bandage
for keeping hernia reduced.   The ancient trusses
were  inelastic.  They consisted simply of a  pad
and strap.   At the present day, elastic bandages
are alone employed. They possess the advantage
of making an  equable and continuous pressure on
the aperture of the sac, and of yielding to the
changes of form in the abdominal  parietes.   Tbe
most  important part of these bandages is a piece
of narrow steel, flat, and adapted to the shape of
the body.  This is the sjtring, (¥.) Ressort.  It
embraces the body on the side  affected;  extends
from  beyond the spine, and terminates  opposite
the ruptured part, by an iron plate to which  it is
riveted.  The posterior  surface of  this  plate is
furnished with a convex jtad, (¥.) Pelote, adapted
in shape and  size to the aperture which it has to
close.  The spring is covered with leather, and its
inner surface is padded : a strap extends from its
posterior extremity ; passes round the sound side,
and is attached to the  plate of the pad.  This
strap  is pierced with numerous holes, which allow
the patient  to tighten or slacken it at pleasure.
Trusses have  been variously constructed;  and
different patents  obtained for the modifications.
They all act upon  the  above principle.  Some-
times they have a double pad.
  TRYGC-DES, Feculent.
  TRYPANON, Trepan.
  TRYPESIS, Trepanning.
  TRYPSIS.  Friction.
  TSCHERBET, Sherbet.
  TS1IETTTK, Upas  tieute.
  TSIANA, Costus.
  TSJAMPACA, Michelia champaca.
  TUBA, Tube—t. Aristotelica, Eustachian  tube
— t. C;eca, Tuba Fallopiana — t.  Uterina, Tuba
Fallopiana — t. Vocalis, Tube, vocal.
  TUBAL PREGNANCY,  see Pregnancy, tubal
— t. Respiration, see Murmur, respiratory.
  TUBE, Tuba, Trumpet, Salpinx, (¥.) 'Tromjre.
A name given to  some  parts which are hollow
and have the shape of a trumpet.
  Tube, Alimentary,  Canal,  alimentary — t.
Eustachian, Eustachian tube.
  Tube, Fallo'pian, Tuba  Fallopia'na seu Fal-
lojtii  sell uterina  seu caca, Jletrosa/jtiux, Hys'-
terosalpinx,  Oviduc'tus  mulie'bris,  Vas deferens
rnnlie'ris, Ductus varico'sns seu Proces'sus latera'-
lis seu Mea'lus semina'lis seu Me'at us semina'rins
u'teri, O'dtliict,  Vector  canal,  (¥.) Trompe lie
Fullojie ou utirine, is a canal, floating in the ab-
domen, and extending  on  each  side  from  the
superior  angles of the uterus as far as the sides
of the brim of  the pelvis.  They are 4 or 5 inches
long.   Near the  uterus, they  are straight  and
very  narrow;  but, in their  course, they widen,
become tortuous, and terminate  by a  free,  ex-
panded, and fim'briated extremity; called, also,
Folia'ceum ornamerltum, Morsus diab'oli, Infnn-
dib'itlum seu Digitatio'nes seu Finlbria seu  Vex-
illa seu  Lacin'ia tuba'rum  Fallo'pii,  (¥.) Mor-
een u frantic. Pavilion de la  trompe. Morcean du
diable.  Within, the tubes are hollow  and lined
by a  mucous  membrane: the tissue exterior to
which is spongy and erectile.  The use of  the
Fallopian  tubes  is to conduct  the  sperm to the
ovarium, nnd  the fecundated ovum back to  the
uterus.  They establish a communication between
the  cavity of  tho  peritoneum  and  that  of  the 
TUBER
934         TUBERCULIZATION
uterus, the abdominal termination being termed
Os'tinm abdomiutile; the uterine Os'tinm uteri-
num.   When the tube embraces the ovary, a fun-
nel-shaped cavity—Corolla infundibulifiorrrlis—
is  formed at its extremity, into which the ovule
passes.
  Tide, Intestinal, Canal, alimentary.
  Tube, GSsophage'al, Stomach Tube.  A long
elastic gum  tube, capable  of  being passed into
the oesophagus or stomach.
  Tube, Pollen, see Pollen.
  Tube, Rectal, Defeca'tion  tube.  An elastic
gum tube, similar to the last, which is sometimes
passed into the colon,  to remove air  from that
intestine, or to enable enemata to be thrown up
into it.
   Tube, Stomach, see Tube, oesophageal.
   Tube, Vocal, Tuba  voca'lis.  The part  of the
air passages  above the  inferior ligaments  of tbe
larynx, including the passages through the nose
and mouth.
   TUBER, Hump, Lycoperdon  tuber, Tubercle
■—t. Annulare, Pons varolii—*. Atlo'ido-occipital,
Rectus capitis posticus  minor—t. Cervinura, Ela-
phorayces  granulatus—t.  Cibarium, Lycoperdon
tuber.
   Tuber Cine'reum, T. C. cum Infundib'ulo.   A
grayish  tubercle, seen  at  the base  of the brain
behind the commissure ofthe optic nerves, which
is continuous with the infundibulum.
   Tuber Corporis Callosi, see Corpus callosum.
   Tuber  Frontale, Frontal  protuberance — t.
 Gulosorum,  Lycoperdon tuber — t.  Gutturosum,
Bronchocele — *. Ischio-trochantirien,  Quadratus
femoris—t. Ischii, see Ischiatic—t. Nigrum, Ly-
 coperdon tuber—t. Parietale, see Parietal Bones
 —t. Pellagra, Pellagra—t. Tympani, Promontory
 of the tympanum.
   TUBERA  TERR.E, Lycoperdon tuber.
   TU'BERCLE, Tuber'ail tun,  Tuber,  Strangal'-
 i'oii,  Stran'galis,  Tuber1culoiis  dejtos'it, (vulg.)
 a  Kernel, a Knot, (¥.)  Tubercule.   A  tumour
 in the substance of organs, from the production
 of new  matter; — sensation null;  growth, slug-
 gish.   In Pathological Anatomy, the  terra  is
 generally  given to a  species  of  degeneration
 which consists of an opake matter, of  a  pale yel-
 low colour:  this, in its crude condition, has a
 consistence analogous  to that of concrete albu-
 men : it subsequently becomes  soft and friable,
 and gradually acquires a consistence and appear-
 ance analogous to those of pus. Tubercles may  be
 developed in  different parts of the body: but they
 are most frequently observed  in the  lungs and
 mesentery.   Pulmonary tubercles,  Pneumojthy'-
 ■mata, Tuber'cula Pulmo'num, (¥.) Tubercnles pul-
 monaires,  are the  cause of Tuber'cular  Phthisis.
 Mesenteric tubercles  are often  met with  in the
 same  affection, but particularly in Tabes  Mesen-
 terica.  Laennec  classes  tubercles among the
 accidental tissues, which have no resemblance to
 the natural tissues, and which never exist except
 in consequence  of morbid action.  Others con-
 sider them as a scrofulous degeneration.   Brous-
 sais conceives that they are produced exclusively
 by inflammation of the white  vessels, whose ex-
 istence, however,  is   more  than   questionable.
 When tubercles in any organ are few in number,
 they may pass to the state of permanent indura-
 tion without  danger  to the patient; but when
 they are very numerous,  they  usually  cau9e se-
 rious  mischief. Dr. Baron considers that they are
 produced  by hydatids.   The morbid condition
 which gives rise to the development of tubercles,
 Tubercutiza'tion, is termed Tubercnlo'sia, Jlorbus
 tnbercn/o'sits,  Slrumosis seu Phymato'sis  jinlmo-
 uum, and Dyscra'sia Tuberculo'stt.  Tubercles are
 seen of various forms,—to wit, in fine  points, (F.)
 Poussiere tuberculeuse, gray and  yellow  granu-
I lations,  miliary tubercles: nnd gray nnd yellow
 tubercular masses, softened, and cretaceous.
   Tubercle, Black, Melanosis — t. Painful sub-
 cutaneous, see Neuroma.
   TUBERCLES  OF THE AREOLA, see Mam-
 ma.
   Tubercles,  Pearly,  T. seba'ceous miliary,
 Follic'ular eleva'tions.   Small  collections of  se-
 baceous matter in the sebaceous glands or ducts,
 often seen in the  thin skin of the lower  eyelids,
 where they  sometimes attain an  inconvenient
 size.
   Tubercles, Sebaceous Miliary, T. pearly.
   TUBER'CULA ARAN'TII, Cor'jmra seu Cor-
 pus'cula Aran'tii, Tubercles of Arantins or Aranzi,
 Small eminences at the middle part of tbe convex
 edge of the semilunar valves of tbe  pulmonary
 artery and aorta.
   Tubiohcula Arthritica, Calculi, arthritic—t.
 Cerebri, Eneepbalopbymata—t. Gonorrhoien, Go-
 norrhoea impuia—t. Hepatis, Hipato-strumosie —
 t. Intestinorum,  Enterophymnta — t.  Nervorum
 nodosa, Ganglions, nervous — t. Parvn dura? ma-
 tris,  Glanduhe Pacchioni—t. Peritona-i. Codio-
 phymata — t. Pulmonum,  see Tubercles (ofthe
 lungs) — t. Quadrigemina,-Quadrigemina Tuber-
 cula.
   TUBER'CULAR, Tuber''cult,us, Tnbcrcultt'sus,
  Tuber'dilate,   Tuber'diluted,  (¥.)  Tuberculeux,
  Tuberculi.  That which relates  to tubercles, or
 which is formed by tubercles.
   Tubercular or Tuberculous  Constitution
 or Diathesis, Phthisio'sis, is the habit  of body
 which predisposes  to tubercular phthisis; as  Tu-
 berculous Cachexia, Tuberculo'sis, Jlorbus tuber-
 culomas, Dyscra'sia tuberculo'sa, is the condition
 of one labouring  under tuberculosis.
   Tubercular Matter.  A  morbid  production,
  contained in  cysts, or loose  in the tissue of  or-
 gans.  It varies, in its consistence, at the differ-
  ent  periods  of the tubercular  affection : being, at
  first, compact, and yellowish;  at times, calca-
  reous;  afterwards pultaceous,  semi-fluid,  and
  curdy.   See Tubercle.
    Tubercular Phthisis is that produced by the
  development of tubercles in the lungs.
    Tubercular Sore Throat, Pharyngitis, folli-
  cular.
    TUBERCULATE, Tubercular.
    Tuberculate Sarco'ma of Ab'ernethy,  Em-
  jthy'ma  Sarcoma tuberculo'sttm, Tumor tubercu-
  losus.  Tubercles,  firm, round,  and  clustering;
  pea-sized or  bean-sized; yellowish or brownish-
  red; when  large, disposed to ulcerate, and  pro-
  duce a painful,  malignant, and  often fatal  sore.
  Found chiefly in  the  lymphatic  glands of  the
  neck; often, simultaneously, in other glands and
  organs.
    TUBERCULATED,  Tubercular — t. Liver,
  Cirrhosis.
    TUBERCULE, Tubercle.
    TUBERCULE, Tubercular.
    TUBERCULES BIJUMEAUN,  Quadrige-
  mina tubercula — *. des  Glandes lymphatiques,
  Scrofula — *. du  Foie,  Hijratostrumosie — *. des
  Ganglions  Misentiriques,  Tabes mesenterica —
  t.   of  the   Larynx  and Fauces,  Pharyngitis,
  follicular — t.   Miliary,  see  Granulation  — *.
  Pisiformes, Mamillary tubercles—t. Pulmonaires,
  see Tubercle—t.  Quudrijumeaux, Quadrigemina
  corpora.
    TURERCULEUX, Tubercular.
    TUBERCULI'TIS.   A word of hybrid forma-
  tion ;  from  tnberculum, 'a  tubercle,'  and   itis,
  denoting inflammation.   Inflammation of a tu-
  bercle  or of tubercular masses. — Jos. Frank.
    TUBERCULIZATION, see Tubercle. 
TUBERCULOSIS            9.1
  TUBERCULOSIS. sce Tubercle, and Tubercu-
r*t Cachexia—t. Laryngis et Tracheae, Phthisis
Wyngea — t. Pulmonum, Phthisis pulmonalis —
t. Yertebnirum, Vertebral disease.
  TUBERCULOSUS, Tubercular.
  TUBERCULOUS, Tubercular—t. Deposit, Tu-
bercle — t.  Disease of the Lungs, Phthisis pul-
inonalis — t. Dust. Poussiire tuberculeusc.
  TUBERCULUM,  diminutive of  tuber, Tu-
bercle.
  Tubeiicui.um Cine'reum, 'Ash coloured tuber-
cle :' Fasei'ola  cine'ren.  A mass of cineritious
substance  at the top of the calamus scriptorius,
which is continuous below with  the  posterior
horn of cineritious  substance in tbe cord, and
upon the sides with  the corpus restiforme.
   Tubhrcui.um  Lacrymale,  see  Lachrymal
puncta—t. Loweri, Lower, tubercle of.
   TUBEROSITAS,  Tuberosity — t.  Tympani,
 Promontory of tbe tympanum.
   TUDEROSITE  BICIPITALE,  Bicipital  tu-
 bercle— *. Seiatique, see Ischiatic
   TUBEROS'ITY,  Tuberos'itas, (¥.) Tubirositi,
 from tuber, 'a bump.'  Anatomists  have  given
 this name to an eminence or process, the surface
 of  which is unequal and rough ; and which gives
 attachment to muscles or ligaments.
   TUBES  OF FERREIN,  see Uriniferous Tubes.
   TU'liI MEMBRANACEI,  see Villous  mem-
 branes.
  ' TU'BULAR, Tubulalis, Tubulo'sus,  (¥.) Tu-
 buleux,  Tubulaire.   Same  etymon  as  the next.
 Relating to or having the form of a small tube.
 An epithet applied to  glands — Gtan'ilnla tubtt-
 lo'sa, which, like those of  the stomach,  have  the
 shape of small tubes.
    Tubular Blowing Sound, see Murmur, respi-
 ratory—t.  Ncuiine, see Neurine—t. Substance of
 the Kidney, see Kidney.
    TUBULE,  Ttlbnlus;  diminutive of  Tuba,  'a
 tube.'   A small tube.
    TUIIULEUN, Tubular.
    TUBULI  BELLINI,  Uriniferous tubes — t.
 Contorti, see  Uriniferous tubes—t. Durae matris,
 Sinuses ofthe  dura mater — t. Ferreinii, see Uri-
 niferous tubes — t.  Nervei, Nerve fibres — t. Pel-
 vis renum, see Calix—t. Recti, see Rete  testis and
  Uriniferous tubes — t. Seminiferi, see  Testicle
  —t. Seminales, see Testicle—t. Uriniferi Bellini,
  Uriniferous tubes.
    TUBULOSUS, Tubular.
     TUBULUS,  Cannula —t.  Centralis   Modioli,
  see Tractus spiralis foraminulentus.
    TUBUS ACUSTICUS,  Ear-trumpet — t. Ali-
  mentarius, Canal, alimentary — t. Intestinorum,
  Canal,  alimentary—t. Nervorum,  Neurilemma—
  t. Pollinicus,  see Pollen — t. Vermicularis caeci,
  Appendix vermiformis caeci.
    TUCKAHO, Lycoperdon tuber.
     TUE-CIIIEN, Colchicum autumnale.
    TULBAG'HIA  ALLIA'CEA.   A South Afri-
  can plant, Nat. Ord.  Asphodelea?, the bulbs of
  which,.boiled in milk, are recommended in phthi-
  sis and as an  anthelmintic.
     Tulbaghia cepa'cea  and T. viola'cea, serve the
  same purpose.
    TULIP, CAPE, Homeria  collina—t. Tree,
 Liriodendron.
     TULIPIKlt. Liriodendron.
    TULIP! FER A LIRIODENDRON,  Lirioden-
 dron tulipifera.
    TU.MI-'F \ ('TIO. Swelling—t. Mollis,  Pufliness.
    TUMESCENTIA  PITCITOSA, Leucophleg-
 matia.
    TUJIEUR,  Tumour — <• Anomale, see Haema-
 todes fungus — t. Blanche,  Hydrarthrus — *.  Ca-
 verneuse,  see  Hiematodes, fungus — *.  Encijrha-
 loide, Encephaloid—*. Erectile, see IIa?mutudes
TUNAS
fungus—*. Fongo'ide, Encephaloid—*. Fongueuser
Encephaloid — *. Ilimorrhagiale circonscrite, see
Aneurism — *. Lynijihatique  des articulations,
Hydrarthrus — *. Ossivore, Encephaloid — *. Pul-
jreuse, Encephaloid — *. Sjtliniforme, Encepha-
loid—f. Sjiorigieuse,  Encephaloid—*.  Yuriqueuee,
see Ilaematodes fungus.
   TUMOR, Swelling, Tumour—t. Albus, Hydrar-
thrus—t. Anomalus, Ha-matodes fungus—t. Artu-
um, Obdormitio—t. Capitis Sanguineus, Cephala1-
matoma—t. Carneus, Sarcoma—t. Cysticus, En-
cystis — t. Cysticus  serosus,  Hygroma — t. Des-
nioides, Tumour, fibrous — t. Fihrosus, Tumour,
fibrous-— t. Ficosus, Ficus— t. Flatulentus, Em-
physema— t. Fugax, see Fugacious—t. Fungo-    •
sus artieuli, Spina ventosa — t. Fungosus sangui-
neus, Ilaematodes fungus—t.  Gangliformis, Gan-
glion, nervous—t.  Genarum,  Meloncus—t.  Genu
albus, Genocace—t. Glandulae parotideae, Paroti-
 doncus — t.  Lacteus, Galactocele — t. Lardeus,
 Steatoma — t. Malarura,  Meloncus — t.  Ovarii,
 Oarioncus — t. Parotidis, Parotidoncus — t. Pro-
I statoa, Prostatoncus—t. Renalis, Nepbroncus—t.
 Sanguineus, Uaematoma—t. Squamiformis  carno-
 sus, Lepidosarcoma — t. Tuberculosus, Tubercu-
 latc sarcoma — t. Tunicatus, Encystis — t. Uteri,
 Hysteroncus.
   TUMOUR,from tutneo, 'Iswell ;' Tumor, Oncos,
| Oncus, E/>ar'nia,Eparsis, Ernjrhy'ma,Excrescen'tia
 (Sauvages), Ecjtliy'ma, (Sc.) Sintlme, (¥.) Tttmeur.
 A rising or prominence, of greater or less size,
 developed by a morbific cause in some part of the
 body.  Cullen defines a tumour to be ■' a partial
 swelling  without  inflammation."  Sauvages re-
 stricts tbe term to a rising formed by the conges-
 tion of a fluid ;  and  he calls excrescences those
 which have a fleshy or osseous consistence. Buyer
 defines it " any preternatural eminence developed
 on  any part ofthe body."  Good uses it synony-
 mously with tubercle.  Buyer's is the best gene-
 ral definition.  Tumours differ greatly from each
 other; according to their seat, the  organs inte-
 rested, their nature, Ae.
    The French use tbe  term Tttmeur blanche sy-
 nonymously with  White  Swelling;—see H3'drnr-
 thrus.   The terra is, however, applied by tbe
 generality of surgeons to swellings of the greater
 joints, without change of colour of the skin, and
 of  a more or less firm consistence, which are de-
 pendent  upon disease of the osseous or of the soft
 parts about the joint.
    Scrofula is the  most common  cause  of these
 affections.
    Tumour,  Cei.lulo-Fibrous, Tumour fibro-cel-
 lular— t. Epithelial, see Epithelial.
    Tumour, Fibro-Cel'lular, Cellulo fibrous tu-
 mour.   A soft and elastic form of fibrous tumour,
 a variety of the gelatinous sarcoma of Rokitansky,
 of which the softer kind of polypus  of the nose is
 an example.
    Tumour, Erec'tile.  A  tumour  produced by
 the development of a soft, vascular tissue, which
 is  susceptible of elevation and depression.  See
 Erectile.
    Tumour, Fibro-Plastic,  Sarcoma.
    Tumour, Fibrous, Fibrous  growth, Fibro'ma,
 Fibroid,  Ino'ma, Tumor fibro'sus seu desrmioles,
 Inohylo'ma.   A  tumour or growth formed  of
 fibrous tissue.
    Tumour, Laminateb  Nacreous  Fatty, Cho-
 lesteatoma—t. Milk-like,  Encephaloid—t.  Phan-
 tom, see Fantom.
    Tumour.  Var'icose,   Tumor  vadco'sus.  A
 circumscribed, bluish tumour, formed by the dila-
 tation and turgescence ofthe capillary vessels of
 a part.
    Tumour, Vascular,  see  Daemon-hois and   .
 Naevus.
]    TUNAS, see Cactus opuntia. 
TUNBRIDGE
936
TURNING
  TUNBRIDGE, MINERAL WATERS OF.  A
celebrated acidulous chalybeate in Kent, England,
u few miles distant from the village of Tunbridge,
and  thirty-six  miles south  of London, which is
much frequented.  It contains carbonic acid, car-
bonate of iron, and sulphate of magnesia.
  TUNDA OCULI, Conjunctiva membrana.
  TUNDUS  CORDIS, Mucro cordis.
  TUNIC, Tu'nica, Chiton, a  coa*.  An  enve-
lope.  A name given  to different membranes,
which envelop organs ; as the tunics or coats of
the eye,  stomach, bladder, Ac.
  TUNICA  ACINALIS,  Uvea —t. Aciniformis,
Uvea —  t. Acinosa, Uvea — t. Adnata,  Conjunc-
tiva—t. Adventitia, see Artery—t. Agnata, Con-
junctiva— t. Alba oculi, Sclerotic—t. Albuginea,
Albuginea, see Kidney—t. Albuginea oculi, Scle-
rotic.— t. Allantoides, Allantois—t. Arachnodes,
Arachnoid membrane — t. Aranea, Arachnoid
membrane—t. Caduca, Decidua—t. Candida oculi,
Sclerotic — t. Carnosa, Panniculus carnosus — t.
Cellularis, see  Artery—t.  Conjunctiva,  Conjunc-
tiva—t.  Costalis, Pleura — t. Crassa, Decidua—t.
Crystallina,  Arachnoid membrane — t. Dartos,
see Dartos—t.  Dura oculi, Sclerotic—t. Durior et
crassa, Sclerotic—t. Elastica, see Artery—t. Ely-
troides.  Vaginalis tunica — t. Erythroides, Cre-
master.—t. Exterior ovi, Decidua—t. Externa, see
Artery—t. Extiina oculi, Sclerotic—t. Farcimina-
lis, Allantois — t. Fibrosa, see  Folliculi Graafiani
—t. Filainentosa, Decidua—t.  Glabra, see Artery.
  Tunica Granulo'sa.   An  investment  of the
ovum exterior to the zona pellucida, described by
Dr.  Barry, but the existence of which, as a struc-
ture, distinct and independent from the membrana
granulosa, is  denied.
  Tunica Hortensis, Dianthus caryophyllus —
t. Innominata  oculi, Sclerotic  — t. Interna oculi,
Retina—t. Intima, see Artery.
  TUNICA Jaco'bi, Membra'na  Jaco'bi, Jacob's
coat  or  membrane.   A  highly delicate  serous
membrane, interposed  between the  retina and
the  choroid  coat, discovered by  Dr. Jacob,  of
Dublin.  Its  structure is curious, being  composed
of cylindrical, transparent, highly refractive staff-
shaped bodies, and hence  called Stratum bacillo'-
rurn seu  bacilta'tum, Ba'cillar layer ofthe retina,
which are arranged perpendicularly to the sur-
face of the retina, their outer extremities being
imbedded, to a greater or less depth, in a layer
of tbe pigmentuin nigrum.
  Tunica  Media,  see Artery — t.  Muscularis,
Dartos — t. Nervea oculi, Retina — t. Nervorum,
Neurilemma—t. Perforata, Uvea — t.  Praetensa
abdominis,  Peritonaeum — t.  Propria,  see Kid-
ney — t.  Reticularis,  Retina — t.  Retiformis,
Retina — t.  Rhagoides, Choroidea tunica,  Uvea
— t.  Rubicunda  scroti,  Dartos — t.  Rubra,
Dianthus  caryophyllus — t.   Ruyschiana,  see
Choroid  — t.  Subcostalis,  Pleura — t.  Thoracis,
Corset — t.  Uvalis, Uvea — t.  Uvea, Uvea —
t. Uviformis, Uvea — t. Vaginalis, see Vaginal—
t. Vaginalis  Lingua?,  see Tongue — t. Vaginalis
Propria, Vaginal coat of  the  Testicle — t. Vagi-
nalis reflexa. Vaginal  coat ofthe  Testicle — t.
Vaginalis testis, see Testicle—t. Vasculosa oculi,
Choroid, see  Eye.
  Tunica Vasculo'sa Testis, Pi'a mater testis.
An  extremely delicate  membrane, consisting of
minute  ramifications  of  the  spermatic  vessels
united  by areolar tissue,  which separates the
lobules of the  testis from each other.   It is situ-
ate immediately within the tunica albuginea, and
encloses  the substanoe of  the  gland.  It sends
processes inward that separate the lobules, in the
same manner as the pia mater is reflected between
the  convolutions of the brain.
  Tunica Vitrea, Hyaloid membrane.
  TUNIC ULA, Clitoris.
  TUNIQUE  ALBUGINEE,  Albuginea — *
Commune de Richat, Endangium.
  TUN'NELLING.  A term,  sometimes  em-
ployed for the treatment of stricture of tbe urethra,
by making pressure upon it from within so as to
promote its removal by absorption.
  TUNNYFISH-, SALTED, Omotnriehos.
  TUPHLO-ENTERITIS, Typhlo-enteritis.
  TUPIIUS, Typhus.
  TUPINARIA, Talpa.
  TURBA HiEMORRHOIDALIS, see ILxmor-
rhois.
  TURBATIONES ANIMI,  Affections  of  the
mind.
  TURBINATED  BONES,  Ossa  turbina'ta.
Bones  shaped like a top ; from turbo, turbinis or
turben, 'atop;'  Ossa s/rongio'sa, 0. ter'tia max-
illa  superio'ris,  Cornua,  Concha  na'rium   seu
ven'eris, Tnr'bines nasi sen milium, Conchylia,
Rncclna, Lamina  sjiongio'sa nasi, (¥.) Cornets.
Very thin, bony plates, rolled  up in the form of
horns, and situate in tbe nasal fossa.  1. Os spon-
gio'aum supe'rius or Cornet de Jlorgogni ; — the
highest.  2. Os spongiosum me'dinm, the middle
cornu of French anatomists,—the ethmoid'al cornu
or Os  spongiosum  superius seu  turbinatum, of
English  anatomists,  Os   convolu'tum  sujierius,
Concha, C. na'rium snjrerior seu Jlorgagnia'na,
(¥.)  Cm-net moyen.   This bone projects inwards
and downwards into the cavity of the nose, from
the ethmoid cells at the side of the nasal lamella,
and serves to enlarge the organ  of smell.  It is
convex  towards  the  septum,  and concave  out-
wards.  3. Os sjiongiosnm seu turbinatum infer itis,
Concha inferior, Convolu'tum inferius os, Os aous-
ethmo'idal (Ch.), projects at the under part of the
side of the nose, is convex towards the septum,
and  concave outwards.  It is connected  to  the
os maxillare, os  palati, and os unguis.  4. Sphe-
nttid'al cornu.
  All the turbinated bones extend the olfactory
surface.
  TURBINES NASI seu NARIUM, Turbinated
bones.
  TURBITH BLANC, Globularia alypum—t.
Mineral, Hydrargyrus vitriolatus — t. Montpel-
lier.  Globularia alypum—*.  Noir, see Hydrargyri
oxydum  cinereum — t.  Plant, Convolvulus  tur-
pethura.
  TURBO  CEREBRI, Pineal gland.
  TURGENTIA, Turgescence.
  TURGES'CENCE,  Tm-ges'cency,  Tnrgidlty,
Tur'gidness, Turgescen'tia, Turgen'tia, Orgas'mus,
from turgescere, 'to begin  to  swell,' turgere, ' to
swell.'   Superabundance of humours in  a part.
The  term Turgescence of Bile  was formerly used
to denote the passage of that  fluid into tbe  sto-
mach,  and its discharge by vomiting.  A vital
action  of turgescence or expansibility — Turgor
vita'lis — has  been presumed  to exist in certain
organs, as in the capillaries;  but the generality
of physiologists do not admit  it.
  TURGESCENTIA, Turgescence.
  Turgescen'tia Vesic'ula;  Fell'EjH,  Ascites
Hep'ato-cys'ticus, Physco'nia seu Cystocele  bili-
o'sa, Hepatalgia  Petitia'na,  Ht/tlrocholecys'tis,
Hydrojts vesi'ca fellea,  (¥.) Hytlro/risie de la
Visicule dn  Fiel,  Distension  de la  Visicule dn
Fiel, Cholicystiectasie.  Distension of tho gall-
bladder bv bile.
  TUROIDITY, Turgescence.
  TURorDNESS, Turgescence.
  TURGOR VITALIS, see Turgescence.
  TURMERIC,  Curcuma longa,  Sanguinaria
Canadensis.
  TURN  OF  LIFE, see Menses.
  TURNING, Versio, from (F.) tourner, 'to turn.'
(FA  Veraion.
  Versio FcetOs.  The operation  of bringing 
TURNIP
93 7
TYMPANITA
down the feet, or some part of the lower extremity,
when tbe presentation of the child is such that
it cannot lie delivered by the natural efforts.
  TURNIP, Brassica rapa — t. Dragon,  Arum
triphyllum — t.  Indian,  Arum triphyllum — t.
Pepper. Arum triphyllum.
  TURN'S, Menses.
  TUKPEXTTXE, Terebinthina—t. Bordeaux,
see Pinus sylvestris—t. Briancon. see Pinus cem-
bra — t. Chio, see Pistacia terebinthus — t. Com-
mon, see Pinus sylvestris—t. Common, American,
see  Pinus sylvestris — t.  Cyprus,  see  Pistacia
terebinthus—t. Damarra, see Pinus dainarra—t.
Dombeya,  see Dombeya excelsa — t. Horse, see
Pinus sylvestris — t. Strasburg, see Pinus picea.
  Turpentine Tree, Pistacia terebinthus.
  Turpentine, Venice,  see Pinus larix—t. Ve-
nice, true, see Pistacia terebinthus—t. White, see
Pinus sylvestris.
  TURPE'THUM, Convolvulus turpethum —t.
Minerale, Hydrargyrus  vitriolatus—t. Nigrum,
Hydrai-gyri oxydum cinereum.
  'TURtfUF/TTE, Herniaria glabra.
  TURQUOISE.  This  stone has been long im-
agined  to  change its colour,  according as  the
wearer is at the  time  in  good or bad health : —
a superstitious notion.
  TURTLE  BLOOM, Chelone glabra—t. Green,
Chelonia mvdas — t. Head, Chelone glabra.
  TURUNDA. Tent.
  TURUN'D.E  ITAL'TCiE.  Pastes made  of
the  finest  and  most glutinous wheat — known
under  the  names  of Jlaccaroni, Vermicelli and
Italian or Cio/liari paste.
  TURUNDULA, Tent,
  TUSCARORA  ACID SPRING,  see  Canada,
mineral waters of.
  TUSSACA RETICULATA, Goodyera pubes-
cens.
  TUSSEDO, Tussis.
  TUSS1CULA, Tussis.
  TUSSIC'ULAR,  Tussicula'ris,   Tnssiculo'stts,
from diminutive of tussis, 'a cough.'  Relating
to a oouirh. or to a slight cough.
  TUSSK'ULOSUS, Tussioular.
  TUSSILA'GO,  T. Far'fara seu vulga'ris, from
tussis,  'a cough,' which it relieves; Be'chimn,
Be'chion, Calceum equlnnm, Chamaleilce. Cha-
nt a gel ron, Filitis ante pat rem, Farfarel'la, Gal-
liomarchus, Furfara, F. Be'cliium, I'n'gula ca-
bal! I rat,  Coltsfoot, Foalfoot,  (¥.)  Pas  d'due,
Herbe de  Saint-Qnirin.  Ord. Composita?.  Sex.
Syst. Syngenesia Polygamia  Superflua.  It  is
demulcent and  expectorant, and has been used
in coughs, and pulmonary affections in  general,
and in some  cutaneous diseases.
  Tussilago Farfara, Tussilago — t. Hybrida,
T. petasites.
  Tussilago Petasi'tes, T.  hy'brida  seu  pe-
tasites  hennaphrodlta,  Petasites,  P. major  seu
ritbens seu officinalis seu hy'bridus seu vulga'ris,
Butterbur, Pestilent-wort. The roots of this plant
have been recommended as  aperient and  alexi-
pharmic   They have a strong  smell; and a bit-
terish,  acrid  taste, of the aromatic  kind, but not
agreeable.
  Tussilago Petasites  Hermaphrodita,  T.
petasites — t. Vulgaris, Tussilago.
  TUSSIS  —diminutive,  Tussidtla;  Begma,
Bex, Tusse'do,  Re.cis,  Tussis  nervo'sa,  Catar'-
rhus. Pucusis Tussis,  Cough,  Coughing,  (Prov.J
(,',)„/, (Se ) Hast, llrast. Hoist, (F.)  Toux.  A vio-
lent, sonorous, frequent, and short expiration,  by
means  of  which  the  air, in   passing  rapidly
through the bronchia and  trachea, carries  along
with it the mucus of tbe parts, which forms  the
sputa.   The cough is said to be  dry, when  unac-
companied bv expectoration.   It is  symptomatic
of many diseases.   See Bronchitis.
  Ttssis  Amphemerina,  Pertussis — t. Asinina,
Pertussis—t. Broncbica, Cough, tubal,  see Bron-
chitis—t. Canina, Pertussis — t. Catarrhalis Sim-
plex,  Catarrh — t. Clamosa, Pertussis — t. Clan-
gosa,  Pertussis — t.  Convulsiva,  Pertussis — t.
Delassans, Pertussis — t.  Ferina,  Pertussis — t.
Pueros strangulans, Pertussis — t. Quinta, Per-
tussis—t.  Senilis. Bronchitis (chronic)—t. Spas-
modica, Pertussis — t. Stomacbalis,  Pertussis —
t. Suffocans, Pertussis — t. Suffocativa, Pertussis
— t. Tussiculnsa. Pertussis.
  TUSSIVE;  Tusslvns;  from tussis, 'cough.'
Belonging or relating to cough :—as tussive vibra-
tion ;  the  vibration of the parietes of  the chest,
caused by coughing.
  TUTAMTNA, pi. of Tutamen, 'a defence,' ' a
protection,'  from future,  * to  defend.'  Parts  are
so called which defend or protect each  other.
  Tutamina  Cek'ebui are the  scalp,  pericra-
nium, bones of the skull, and the meninges.
  Tutamina  Oc'uli are the  eyebrows,  eyelids,
and lachrymal apparatus.
  TUTENAG,  Zincuin.
  TUTHIA,  Tutia.
  TU'TIA,  Pom'phalyx,  Cad ml a, Alfttsa, Me-
sera, Ca/rni'tis, Tnthia, Ox'ydum zinci  impu'rum.
The oxyd of zinc that attaches itself to  the chim-
neys of furnaces in which ores of zinc are smelted.
It is in the  form  of  gray incrustations; and is
sometimes used  for making an eye-salve.  It is
prepared,  for this purpose, by levigation.
  TUTTERTXG, Stuttering.
  TWTGG'S  HAIR DYE,'see Hair dye.
  TWIN.  Gemellus.
  TWINGE, see Pain.
  TWINKLING OF THE EYE,  Nictation.
  TWIXLEAF, COMMON, Jeflersonia Bartoni.
  TWINROOT, Orchis.
  TWINS,  SIAMESE.  Two  brothers,  Chang
and Eng,  connected by means of  a  ligamentous
band passing from the epigastrium of one to that
ofthe other, who were exhibited in various parts
of Europe and  America,  about the year 1830.
They have lived in North Carolina, are married,
and have children.  See Xiphopages.
  TWITCH-GRASS,  Triticum repens.
  TWITCHING, Tic.
  TYCH'ICA, from tvxv,  'accident.'  Fortuitous
lesions or  deformities.  The 7th class  of Good's
Nosology.
  TYLE,  Callosity.
  TYLOMA, Callosity.
  TYLOPH'ORA   ASTIIMATTCA,  Ascle'pias
astlimat'ica,  Cynan'chum Ijiecacnan'ha  seu roini-
to'rium seu riritlifto'rum  seu  tomento'sum, Ipeca-
cuanha ofi the Isle  of France.  (¥.) Ipecacuanha
blanc de lHe de France.   Order, Asclepiadaceae.
A native of various parts of the East Indies, both
of the continent and islands.   Tbe root  is acrid,
and is used on the coast of Coromandel as a sub-
stitute for ipecacuanha.  In  large  doses, it is
emetic; in smaller, often repeated, it is cathartic.
It is  recommended, also, as a diaphoretic, and
especially in  humeral asthma.
  TYLOSIS, Callosity.
  TYLUS, Callosity.
  TYM.MA. Wound.
  7'r.l/P.l.V, 'Tympanum.
  TYMPANAL." Tympanic.
  TYMPANAL, Cadre dn ti/mpan.
  TYMPANIA. Tympanites'.
  TYMPANIAS, Tympanites.
  TYM'PANIC,  Tymjianlcus,  Tynlpanal, (¥.)
Tymjianiqite; same etymon as Tympanum.  Re-
lating to the tympanum, as 'tympanic canal.'
  Tympanic Nerve, see Petrous ganglion.
  TYMPAN1QUE, Tympanic.
  TYMPANITA, Tympanites. 
TYMPAN IT E
938
TYPHOUS
  TYJIPANITE, Tympanites.
  TYMPANI'TES. Emphyae'ma seu Pnenmato'-
sis  Abdonl inis,  Hydrops Tympanites, Affec'tio
tympanitic!!, Ectympano'sis, Hydrops abdominis
aercns,  Aero'sis,  Aero-enterecta'sia,  Aerenterec-
ta'sia, Enteraerecta' sia, Physocce'lia, Tympano'-
8i8, Physe'ma, Physe'sis, Hydrops siccus et fiatu-
lentus, Tympa'nia, Tympa'nias, Tympani'ta, Tym-
panitis, Emphyse'ma Tymjianites, E. Tympanil-
icum, Jleteorism'us, Tym'jrany, Me'teorism, Wind
dropsy, (¥.) Tymjianite, Pneumtttose piritoniale,
Ballonnement, from rvpntavov, 'a drum ;' so called
because the abdomen is distended with wind, and
sounds like a drum when struck.  A swelling of
the abdomen, caused by accumulation of air in
the intestinal tube or in the peritoneum.   Tym-
panites may be idiopathic or symptomatic   The
former depends upon exhalation of  air from the
inner surface of the intestine, or from the  decom-
position of substances contained in it;  the latter
is the result of some organic affection, and often
depends upon obliteration of the  digestive tube,
which prevents the gas from escaping.   Idiopa-
thic tympanites may be more readily cured.  The
symptomatic ia usually fatal.   On  dissection in
such cases, the stomach and intestines are found
enormously distended;  with   strangulation or
disorganization of some part of the mucous mem-
brane of the  intestine.   Carminatives  may be
proper when tympanites depends upon atony of
the digestive organs: but, in cases of tbe symp-
tomatic kind, they cannot be  productive of ad-
vantage, and may do harm.
   Sometimes the  air is contained in the cavity
of the peritoneum—constituting Tympanites ab-
domina'lis, Airojtiritonie, of some:—the accumu-
lation in the intestines being called Tympanites
intestinalis.
   Tympanites, Uterine, Physometra.
   TYMPANI'TIS, Infiamma'tio tym'jiani ; from
rvpiravov, 'a drum,' and itis, denoting inflamma-
tion.  Inflammation of the lining  membrane of
the middle  ear.   Also, tympanites.
   TYMPANOSIS, Tympanites.
   TYM'PANUM, Tvuiravov, ' a drum.' The Drum
or barrel ofi the ear.  The  names  Cavity ofi the
 Tympanum or ofi the Drum, Cav'itas seu Cavum
 Tym'pani,  Antrum  seu  cavitas antro'sa Auris,
(¥.) Tympan, Caviti du  tympan, Caisse  du  tam-
 bour ou du Tympan—have been given to  a cavity
 of an irregular shape, which constitutes the  mid-
 dle ear, and has been compared to a drum.   It is
 situate in the pars petrosa of the temporal bone,
 between the meatus auditorius  externus  and the
 labyrinth.  This  cavity  is lined by  a  mucous
 membrane; and  communicates, externally, by
 means of the Eustachian tube, which is situate
 between  it and  the  pharynx.  The tympanum
 has six parietes.   1. An external, which is almost
 entirely formed  of  the  Jlembrane  ofi the Drum,
 Membra'na tym'pani, Diaphrag'ma  seu Mediasti-
 num seu Tegumen'tum auris, Myrin'ga,  Myrinx,
 (¥.) Jlembrane  dn  tympan — a  species  of  thin,
 transparent, circular septum ; convex within, and
 concave without, which closes the inner extremity
 of the  meatus   auditorius.  2.  An internal,  on
 which are the Fenes'tra ova'lis, Prom'ontory, and
 Fora'men rotun'dum.  3. A superior.  4. An in-
 ferior, on which  is the glenoid fissure.  5. A pos-
 terior, on which  are the opening of the mastoid
 cells, and the pyramid.  6. An anterior, on which
 are the Proces'sus cochleaform'is and the  inner
 orifice of the Eustachian tube.   The cavity of the
 tympanum is crossed by a series of four  small
 bones, articulated with each other  by diarthrosis,
 moved  by certain  muscles, and representing a
 kind of bent lever extending from the membrana
 tympani to the fenestra ovalis.  They are called
the Bones  or  Ossicles of the Ear, and  are  the
malleus, incus, os orbiculare, and stapes.
  For tho nervous plexus of the tympanum, s«e
Petrosal Ganglion, and Otic Ganglion.
  Tympanum Minus, see Fenestra — t. Secunda-
riura, see Fenestra.
  TYMPANY, Tympanites — t. of the Womb,
Physometra.
  TYPE, Typus,  Periodus  morbi, from rviros, 'a
stamp,' itself from rvirrot, 'I strike.'   The type is
the order in which the symptoms of a disease ex-
hibit themselves, and  succeed  each other.   It
may be continued, intermittent, or remittent.
  TYPHA  ANGUSTIFOLIA has the same pro-
perties as
  Typha Aromatica, Acorus calamus, nnd
  Typha Latifolia, (ntpos, 'a marsh,' [?] ). Cat-
tail Reed mace, Bulls-egg,  (¥.) Jlassette, Masse
ou  Quenouille  d'Eau.   A  plant  common  in
marshes and ponds, in  this  country and  Europe.
Ord. Typhacea?.  Sex.  Syst. Moncecia triandria.
Its roots have been used in dysentery and blen-
norhagia.   The young  shoots, before they reach
the surface of the water, when  boiled, taste like
asparagus.
  The  down, (F.) Aigrette, Polls, which accom-
panies the flowers, has been applied to burns like
cotton.
  TYPHICUS, Typhoid.
   TYPHIQUE, Typhoid, Typhus.
  TYPHLITIS, Typhlo-enteritis.
  TYPHLO-ENTERI'TIS, Tuphto-enteritis,  Ty-
jthlltis, Typhloteri'tis, Infiamma'tio Caci, Phleg'-
nionous Tumour of the Cacum, (¥.) Inflammation
du  Cacum, Cacite (Piorry); frora rvij>\os, cacus,
and enteritis,  ' inflammation of the intestines.'
Inflammation of the caecum, occasionally leading
to perforative ulceration.
  TYPHLOENTERUM, Caecum.
   TYPHLOPS, C-ecus.
   TYPIILOSIS. Caecitas.
   TYPIILOTERITIS, Typhlo-enteritis.
   TYPIILOTERON MONOCOLON, Caecum.
   TYPHLOTERUM, Ca?cum.
   TYPIILOTES, Ccecitas.
   TYPHODES, Typhoid.
   TYPIIOEMIE ENTERIQUE, see Typhus.
   TYPIIOHiEMIA, see Putrefaction.
   TYPHOID,  Typhdides,  Typho'des, (rvtpwSns,
'stupefied,') Ty'phicus, Typho'sus, Lac't.ica,  (¥.)
 Typhique,  Typho'ide,  Typhode.  From  typhus,
and ctios, 'resemblance.'  Appertaining to or re-
sembling typhus: as Typhoid Fever.  Also,  ac-
cording to some, Typhous Fever, typhus.  Fuchs
has employed the word Typho'ide for a family of
diseases, to distinguish them from Phlogoses ; of
this family, Stomacace, Pharyngocace, and Pneu-
mocace are examples.
   Typhoid Affection, see Typhus — t. Fever of
India, Cholera.
   TYPHOMA'NIA,  from  rvitroc, 'stupor,' and
uavia,  ' delirium.'  Delirium with stupor, Snbde-
 lir'ium.   The kind  of  delirium  common  in
 typhus.
   Typhomania, Coma vigil, Insomnia.
   TYPHONIA, Coma vigil.
   TYPHOSEPSES, Typhoseptoses.
   TYPHOSEPTO'SES,  Typhosep'ses, from t«0c;,
 and on^is, 'putrefaction.'  Typhous affections.
   TYPHOSUS, Typhoid.
   TYPHOUS,  Typho'sus,  (¥.) Typhique.  Same
 etymon  as Typhus.  Belonging or relating to
 typhus.
 '   Typhous  Depos'it.   A peculiar  substance of
 new formation  found in the  areolar membrane,
 between  the  mucous and  muscular coats of the
 patches of Peyer in typhoid fever.
    Typhous Fever, see  Typhoid. 
TYPHUS
9.3 9
TYRIA
  TYPHUS, Semipcs'tis, Tujthus, Febris Ti/pho'- \<
des senast/ten'ica seu adyuam'ica, Astlou,,/,',,,,,, !
(1.) I'teore adynomique ou ataxique ou adynami- \
que ataxique,  Typhus d'Eu,oj,e;  from  rvtpos,
'stupor.'  A fever characterized by small, weak,
anil unequal, but  usually  frequent pulse, with
great prostration of strength, and much cerebral
disturbance: its  duration being  usually from a
fortnight  to  three  weeks  or longer.   It is con-
tinued fever,  accompanied  with  great  cerebral
irritation  and prostration.  (See Fever.) 'By most
writers, this disease lias been  divided into two
varieties—the Typhus mitior and  Typhus gravior.
Tvphus Mrr"iou  sen simplex seu  nervo'sus seu
coinato'sus,  Fe'bris lenta nervosa  seu jiit'trida
nervosa seu  hec'tica malig'na ■nervosa, Blechrojt'-
tjrns,  Xcnro/t'yra, Neuropyr'etus,  Nervous  Fever,
(¥.) Fievre  ncrceuse,  is characterized  by slight
shiverings, heavy, vertiginous headach ; great op-
pression,  peculiar expression of anxiety, nausea,
sighing, despondency, and coma or quiet delirium.
Typhus  Gra'vior sou car'cerum  seu  castren'sis
seu authrojiojihthor'acus seu coutagio'sus exanthe-
mat'iciis seu nostras seu Enrojta'us seu commilnis
seu bellicus  seu  exanthemalicus  seu Hilter'ulcus
seu petechialis,  Febris nervo'sa  epidenlica seu
nervosa exanthematica seu  malig'na cum sopo're
seu nervo'sa petechia'lis Sen pestilentia'lis Euro'jia
seu Jtuncticulilris seu snprop'yra seu car'cerum et
nirsircomio'ruin seu putriila seu con'linens jtu'trida
seu cont in'ua pn'trida seu jtes'tilerrs malig'na seu
nati'tiea  pestilentialis seu jtetechialis,  Sept op'-
yra, Forjihyrotypints, Pu/icu/aris morbus,  Pestis
bellica,   True or  Exanthemat'ic  or  conta'gious
typhus, Nervous fever with  exanthem'atoits erup'-
tion,  Putrid, Jail, Hospital or Ship  Fever, (¥.)
Fiivre  des   Camps,  E.  nautiqne,  F.   d'hdjrital,
F. nosocomiale, F.  des  Prisons,  F. lenticulaire,
 Tyjihus contagieux  is attended with rigors and
beat, alternating; little or no perspiration : pulse,
tense  and hard,  usually  quick,  but fluttering;
pain  over the forehead and  vertex ;  a ' mulberry
rash,' appearing  on the fifth to the seventh day
ofthe disease, and lasting till the end ; delirium
succeeded by stupor, signs of  incipient putres-
cency,—as true petechia, vibices, hemorrhages,
Ac.  Typhus, under particular   circumstances,
seems to be communicable  by contagion ;  but  if
proper attention be  paid to cleanliness and venti-
lation, there is not  much  danger of communica-
tion.   The general  principles of treatment, laid
down under the head of Fever,  are  applicable
here.  All  the  varieties  of continued  fever  re-
semble each  other in tho  cardinal  points,  al-
though they  may  differ  in many of  their cha-
racters.   Ventilation and cleanliness;  warm  or
cold  ablution or sponging; keeping  the bowels
free;  and attending to symptoms as  they may
rise,  with the avoiding of all irritation of every
kind, are  the main indications.  When  symptoms
of great prostration  occur, the  strength must be
supported by wine;  and tonics be exhibited, with
the mineral  acids.  Of  the tonics, the sulphate
of quinia is perhaps  as good as any. whilst it is
free from the objection  which  applies to most
others,—of being too bulky.  In the whole man-
agement of  this affection, however, the  physician
has to discriminate  carefully between oppression
and prostration.   The former may require eva-
euants; the latter cannot.
   Of late  years, it has been  maintained by many,
that  there  is  an   essential difference  between
typhoid fever and typhus:  that the former is nn
nbdoininal affection, and dependent upon, or con- I
nected with, an inflamed  or ulcerated  condition |
of the mucous follicles of  the  intestines; hence
it  has received the names Fievre misentirique, F.
tt/phoide,  J/a/adie ou Affection typho'ide, F. entiro- j
misentirique,  Entirite typho-himique, Tyjihoimie i|
entirique, Entiro-misentirite typho'ide, Exanthe'me
intestinale, Dothii.entirie, Dothinentedte, Ac, Iteo-
dictidite, Enteritef'olliculense, Gastro-eutirite with
nervous affection of the brain, Follicular gastro-
enteritis, F. enteritis, Enteritis fiolliciilo'sa,  Ty-
jihus ubdominillis, T. intestina'lis, T. Sporad'iciis,
Enterotyphtts, T. gauglionillis abdomina'lis,  Fe-
bria  iuteatirta'lia ulcero'sa,  F. nervo'sa gas'trica,
F. nervo'sa enterica, F. enler'ica, F. nervo'sa me-
senter'ica, Enterhelio'sis nervo'sa, Typhus enter'-
icus,  Heap'yra, lleoty'phus,  Typhoid affection,  *
Enter'ic fever.   Accompanying this form of fever
there is generally  a typhoid eruption,  consisting
of rose-red papulae, (see Spots, red,)  which appear
mostly on the abdomen.  They are  distinct from
true  petechias, as  they can  be removed by pics-
sure; and distinct also  from sudamina, which are
perhaps the universal accompaniments of sweat-
ing,  and are consequently a  variety of miliaria.
The  common  continued fever or  synochus  of
Great Britain, and of this country, has been pre-
sumed by  some to be  this  variety: but farther
observations are needed to establish the distinc-
tions which have  been attempted:  and there is
reason to believe,  that the abdominal affection is
u complication, existing in certain cases and epi-
demics of adynamic fever, and not in others.  The
Reel  Tongue Fever of Kentucky is considered by
Professor Bartlett to be typhoid fever.
  Certain modern  French writers have considered
the Typhus of the European continent, Tyjihus
of Europe, pestilential ferer, contagious ty/thus,
Hungary fever, Hosjtital ferer, camji  fever, jail fe-
ver,lenticular petechial fever, (¥.) Peste d'Eurnjie,
Ac,  to  be identical with the  typhoid affection.
They admit but one fever on  the  European  con-
tinent— the typhoid.   Typhus, they maintain —
but by no  means  establish  the position —'to  be
peculiar to England.
  Typhus  Abdominalis, see Typhus — *. d'Arui-
rique, Fever yellow — t. Anthracicus, Plague—t.
Antbropophthoracus, Typhus — t.  Aphthoideus,
Aphthae—t. Bellicus,  Tyjihus—t. Bengalensis,
Cbolera — t. Bubonicus,  Plague—t.  Carcerum,
Typhus gravior—t. Castrensis, Typhus gravior—■
t. Cerebral, Meningitis,  cerebro-spinal.— *. Cire-
bro-spinal, Meningitis, cerebro-spinal—t. Comato-
sus,  Typhus mitior — t. Communis, Tyjihus—t.
Contagieux, Typhus — t. Contagious, Typhus—t.
Contagiosus exanthematicus, Typhus — t. d'Eu-
rope, Typhus—t. of Europe, see Typhus—t. Ex-
anthematicus, Typhus — t. Ganglionaris abdomi-
nalis, see Typhus — t.  Gravissimus, P'ague — t.
Hibernicus, T. gravior—t. Icterodes, Fever, yel-
low.—*. Jaune, Fever, yellow—t. Intestinalis, see
Typhus—*. Jliasmatiqne ataxique pittricte jaune,
Fever, yellow—t.  Morbillosus, Rubeola—t. Ner-
vosus,-Typhus  mitior — t. Nostras, Typhus — *.
d'Orient,  Plague — t. Pestilentialis,  Plague — t.
Pestis, Plague — t.  Petechialis, Typhus  gravior
— t.  Pnerjiiral, see Peritonitis—t.  Scarlatinus,
Scarlatina—t. Simplex, Typhus mitior—t. Spora-
dicus, see Typhus—-'t.  Trojiicus, Fever, yellow—
t. True, Typhus — t. Vesiculitis, Pemphigus.
  TYP'lC, Typical,   Tyjr'icus,  (¥.)   Ty pique.
Same etymon as  Type.  Characterized by peri-
odicity,— as a 'typical fever;' or one which ob-
serves a particular type.
  TYPOSES, see  Periodicity.
  TYPUS. Type.
  TYRANNUS, see Critical days.
  TYRBASIA, Agitation.
  TYRBE, Agitation.
  T Y R E M' E S I S,  Tyrotem'esis, from  -ntpos,
'cheese,'  and  epeots, 'vomiting;'  Tyro'sis, Ty-
ren'sis.   Vomiting of  curdy matter,  in infants
especially.
  TYREUSIS, Tyremesis, Tyrosis.
  TYRIA, Porrigo decalvans. 
TYRIASIS
940
ULNA
TYRIASTS, Elephantiasis Arabica.
TYRINE, Casein.
TYRODES. Cheesy.
TYROMA, Porrigo decalvans.
  UBERIS APEX, Nipple, Papilla.
  ULA, Gingiva?.
  ULATROPH'IA, from  ov\ov, 'the gum,' and
atrophia, atrophy.  Shrinking ofthe gums; fall-
ing away of the gums.
  ULCER,  Ulcus,  genitive Utceris, diminutive
Ulcus'cultim; Hnlcus,'e\KOs, Helcos,Elco'sis,Elco'-
ma, Helcus,  Helco'ma, a <SV??-e, (Sc.) Sair, (Prov.)
Kile,  (¥.) Ulcere.   A  solution of continuity  in
the soft parts, of longer or shorter standing, and
kept up  by some local disease or constitutional
cause.   Richcrand makes  four great distinctions
between a wound and an ulcer.  1. A wound arises
from  the  action  of an extraneous body : — the
cause of an  ulcer is  inherent  in  the economy.
2. A wound is  always idiopathic:—an ulcer is
always symptomatic.  3. A wound has essentially
a tendency to heal, because the action of its cause
has been momentary:—an ulcer, on the contrary,
has a tendency to enlarge, because its cause per-
sists.   4.  The  treatment  of a  wound  is  purely
surgical; that of an ulcer is medical as well.  Tbe
immediate cause  of an ulcer is perverted nutri-
tion;  the formative cells losing their plastic pro-
perties.  Ulcers have  been variously divided, ac-
cording to their nature; — into simjile, sinuous,
fistulous, fungous, gangrenous, scorbutic, syphilitic,
cancerous, inveterate, scrofulous, phagedenic, viru-
lent, cacoethic, sordid, carious, varicose, Ac.  The
treatment consists in removing,  by appropriate
means,  the  internal and  the local  causes which
keep up the ulceration, and in exciting the ves-
sels of the part, where necessary, by appropriate
bandaging, Ac.
  Ulcer, Jacob's, Lupus—u. Malignant, Hospi-
tal gangrene— u. Putrid,  Hospital gangrene — u.
Warty of Marjolin, see Warty Tumour of Cica-
trices.
  ULCERA  TNTESTINALIA, Gastrelcosis—u.
Laryngis, Phthisis laryngea — u. Serpentia oris,
Aphthie—u. Uteri, see Metrophthisis—u. Ventri-
culi, Gastrelcosis — u. Vesicae, Cystophthisis.
  UL'CERATED,  Ulcera'tus, Exulcera'tits, Hel-
en'des, {¥.) Ulciri;  from ulcus, ulceris, 'an ulcer.'
In the state of an ulcer.   Affected with ulcers.
  ULCERATIO INTESTINALIS,  Enterelcosis
— u. Ventriculi, Gastrelcosis.
  ULCERATION, Ulcera'tio, Exulceratio, Pyo-
genia corrosi'va.   Same  etymon.  A superficial
ulcer.   The  formation of an ulcer — Exelco'sis,
Elco'sis, and Helco'sis.
  ULCERATIVE, Ulcerations, (¥.)  Ulciratif.
Relating to ulceration,—as an ' ulcerative process.'
   ULCERE, Ulcer — u. du Larynx, Phthisis  la-
ryngea. _
   ULCEREUN, Ulcerous.
  UL'CEROUS, Ulcero'sus, Helco'des, Helcdides,
(¥.)  Ulcirettx.   Same  etymon.   Having  the
character of an ulcer.  Affected with ulcers.
  ULCERS. EGYPTIAN, ^Egyptia ulcera.
  ULCUS, Ulcer — u. Atonicuin, Rupia — u. Ca-
coethes, see Cacoethes — u. Cancrosum,  Cancer,
Chancre — u. Dacryodes,  see Dacryodes—u. De-
pascens, Phagedenic ulcer — u. Ferinum, Phage-
  TYROS, Cheese.
  TYROS IS, Tyremesis.  Also, the  curdling of
milk in -the stomach;  Tyreu'sis.
  TYROTEMESIS, Tyremesis.
denic ulcer—u. Fistulosum, Hypophora—u. Hy-
pulura, see Hypulus — u. Narium foetens, Ozaena
—u. Obambulans, Phagedenic ulcer — u. Public-.
num, Phthisis pulmonalis—u. Sinuosura, Hypo-
phora—u. Syriacum, Cynanche maligna—-u. Te-
lephium, Telephium—u. Tuberculosuiu, Lupus—
u. Uteri, Hysterelcosis, Leucorrhoea.
  ULCUSCULA PR.EPUTII, Herpes pra?putii.
  ULCUSCULUM, Ulcer —u.  Cancrosum,
Chancre.
  ULE, Cicatrix.
  ULETTCUS, Gingivalis.
  ULTCUS, Gingivalis.
  ULI'TIS, from ov\os, 'solid,' (aapl; ovAi?, 'solid
flesh:')  hence, ov\ov,  'the  gum,'and itis, deno-
ting  inflammation.  Oulltis,  Infiamma'tio  gin-
giva, Periodontitis gingiva'rum, (¥.) Gcngirite,
Inflammation des gencives, from ovXov, 'the gum,'
and  i*i«, denoting inflammation.  Inflammation
of the gums.
  Ulitis Septica, Cancer aquaticus.
  ULLUCO, Tropaeolum tuberosum.
  ULJIAIRE, Spiraea ulmaria.
  ULMARIA, Spiraea ulmaria — u.  Palustris,
Spiraea ulmaria.
  ULMUS, U. campes'tris seu glabra seu mon-
ta'na seu nttda seu sati'va seu  scabra, Ptelea,
Common Elm, (¥.) Orme, Orrne.au, Orme jiyrami-
tlale ou chamjiitre.  Ord. Ulmaceue.   Sex. Syst.
Pentandria  Digynia.   The inner, rough  bark —
Ulmus, (Ph. L.)—of this tree is inodorous; and
has a bitter, austere, and mucilaginous taste.   It
is considered tonic, alterative, and diuretic; and
has been used, chiefly, in lepra and  other cuta-
neous affections.
  Ulmus  Ala'ta, Lynn Wahoo.  The bark of
the root has  been used successfully as a cata-
plasm in phlegmonous inflammation.
  ULMUS America'na, U.ftilva seu rubra, Rough-
leaved, Red, or Slippery Elm.  The inner bark —
Ulmus, (Ph. U. S.)—is highly mucilaginous, and
is used in coughs, diarrhoeas, and dysenteries;
also, as a poultice for tumours, lacerated and con-
tused wounds, Ac.
  Ulmus  Campestris, Ulmus—u.  Fulva, U.
Americana, U.  rubra—u.  Glabra,  Ulmus — u.
Montana, Ulmus — u. Nuda, Ulmus — u. Sativa,
Ulmus — u. Scabra, Ulmus.
  ULNA,  Olene,  Foc'lle  inferius sen  runjus,
Canna Bra'chii, Oi cu'biti inferius, Os jtrocubi-
ta'le, Cu'bitus, A -un'do bra'chii major, Cubit.
Anatomists have given this name to the bone of
the forearm which forms the  prominence of the
elbow, during tbe flexion of that joint.  It is the
longer and  larger of the two  bones, and is in-
serted at the inner side.  Its  upper and larger
extremity  has,  behind,  a  considerable  process,
called olecranon;  and, before, a  smaller  one,
called eororwid.  These two eminences are sepa-
rated from  each  other by the greater sigmoid or
semilunar fossa or olee'ranoid  cavity,  which re-
ceives the  articular  trochlea  of the humerus.
The tubercle of the ulna is a small, rough spot,
under the  root of the coronoid process, for the
u. 
ULNAD
941
UNDOSUS
insertion ofthe Brachialis internus.  On the out- I
side  of  this extremity of the bone is the lesser
sigmoid cavity.  It is articulated with the head !
of tbe  radius.  The inferior  extremity  of  the
cubitus, which is much smaller than the superior,
nnd  articulated with the  radius, has a  surface
that corresponds  to the  fibro-cartilage which
separates it from the os cuneiforme; and a pointed
process, called styloid.   The body of the ulna is
manifestly triangular.   It is articulated with tbe
os humeri and radius,  nnd, mediately, with tbe
os cuneiforme.  It is developed by three points
of ossification.
   Also, the elbow.
   ULNAD, see Ulnar aspect.
   ULNAR, Cubital.
   Ulnar Aspect.   An  aspect  towards the  side
 on which the ulna is situated.—Barclay.  Ulnad
 is used adverbially by the same writer, to signify
 'towards tbe ulnar aspect.'
   ULNARIS, Cubital—u. Externus, see  Cubital
 muscles—u. Gracilis, Palmaris longus—u. Inter-
 nus, see Cubital muscles.
   ULOCACE, Cancer aquaticus, Stomacace.
   ULON'CUS, from ov\ov,  'the gum,' and oy/coj,
 'tumour.'   Swelling of the gums; epulis.
   ULORRIIAG"IA,  Oulorriiag"ia,  Stomator-
 rhag"ia. Hamorrhag"in gingiva'rum,  U/orrhoe'a,
 from ov\w, 'the gum,' and  pnyvvut,  'I break
 forth.'   Bleeding from  the gums.
   ULORRIICEA, Ulorrhagia.
   ULOTICA, Cicatrisantia.
   U L' TI M I - S T E R N A L.  Professor Beclard
 gave this appellation to the sixth  or last bony
 portion of the sternum.  He  calls  it also Ensi-
 eternal.
   UL'TIMUM  MO'RIENS,   'last dying.'  A
 term given to the part of the economy which dies
 lust.
   ULVA  CRISPA, Fucus  crispus.
   Ulva Latis'simA, Broad Green  Lover, Green
 Sloke,  Oyster green;  Order,  Algae; is used  at
 table  cooked  in the same way as the  next, to
 which  it is greatly inferior.
   Ulva  Umbilica'lis, Por'jrhyra lacinia'ta  seu
 umbilica'lis, Lacin' iated Purple Larer, abundant
 on  tbe shores of Great Britain, is pickled  with
 salt and sold in London as  Liner.   It is eaten at
 table,  stewed with  pepper,  butter or  oil  and
 lemon-juice or vinegar.  It has been suggested,
 also, as an antiscorbutic
   UMBIL. YELLOW, Cypripedium luteum.
   UMBILIC, Umbilical, Umbilicus.
   UMBIL'ICAL,  Um'bilic, Umbilica'lis, Umbili-
 cal us, (¥.) Ombilical, from  umbilicus, 'the navel.'
 That which belongs or relates to the navel.
   Umbilical  Arteries, which exist only in the
 fcetus, seem,  as it were, continuations of the pri-
 mitive iliacs.  They clear the umbilical ring, and
 proceed to the placenta, to which  they carry the
 residuum  of the blood sent to the foetus by the
 umbilical vein.  As soon as respiration  is  esta-
 blished, the blood ceases to pass by tbe umbilical
 arteries, which become obliterated, as well as the
 vein,  and are transformed into two very strong
 ligamentous  cords,— the vein forming the Liga-
 men'turn rotnn'duin of the liver.
   Umbilical Cord, Funiculus umbilicalis.
   Umbilical  Region, Re'gio  umbilica'lis  seu
 gas'trica  seu Jlcsogastric.a,  Jlesogas'trium, (¥.)
 Region ombilicale, is the middle region of the ab-
 domen, in  which the umbilicus is jilaced.  The
 sides  of this are called the flanks or lumbar re-
 gions.   In the umbilical region are the omentum
 majus; the inferior extremity of the duodenum;
 the jejunum ; and the  greater part ofthe mesen-
 tery;  the aorta; vena cava;  the trunks ofthe
 renal arteries and veins: the  origin of the  sper-
 matid arteries, Ac.
   Umbilical  Ring, Au'nulns  umbilica'lis, (¥.)
Anneau ombilical, is a fibrous  ring  which sur-
rounds the aperture of tbe umbilicus, and through
which umbilical hernia occurs in children.
   Umbilical Vesicle,  Vesicula umbilicalis.
   Umbilical  Vessels, (F.)  Vaisseaux ombili-
caux, include  the  two arteries,  and  umbilieal
vein.  The umbilical  vein  arises from  the pla-
centa, and terminates at the fissure on the infe-
rior surface of  the liver of the  foetus, to which it
conveys the blood necessary for its nutrition.
   UMBILICALIS, Umbilical.
   UMBILICATUS, Umbilical.
   UMBILI'CUS, Umbillcum,  Umbo. Om'phalos,
Radix  seu Jlellium ventris, Mesomphalinm, Jle-
som'phalum, Protme'sis  (navel  of a  new-born
child;) the nmbilic, narel,  (Prov.) Spoon; from
umbo, ' the button or prominence in tbe midst of
a buckler,' or from  viitpaXos, or rather optpaXos,
which signifies the  same, as well as the navel;
(F.)  Ombi/ic, Nombdl.   A  round cicatrix, about
tbe median line of the abdomen.  It is  in the
situation  of an  aperture,  which,  in  the  foetus,
affords  passage  to the vessels of the umbilical
cord.
   Umbilicus  Mari'nus,  Cotyle'don marina, An-
dro'sace,  Acetabulum  marinum, Andro'save Jlat-
 thi'oli,  Fungus jietra'us marinus.  A submarine
production, found on the rocks and the shells of
! fishes, in the  south of  France.  It is  reputed  to
be anthelmintic and diuretic
   UMBO, Elbow, Umbilicus.
   UMBRELLA  TREE, Magnolia tripetala.
    I'M SCH LA G, see Compress.
   UNBOWELING, Exenterismus.
   UNCARIA  GAMBIR, Nauclea Gambir.
   UNCAS, INDIAN, Veratrum viride.
   UNCIA, Ounce.
   UN'CIFORM,  Unci for'mis,  Uncina'tus, from
 uncus, ' a hook,' and forma, 'shape.'  That which
 has the shape  of a. hook.
   Unciform Bone, Os unciform'e  seu  Irama'tum
 seu iincina'titm, (¥.) Os crochtt.  Tbe fourth bone
 of the  second row  of  tbe  carpus.  Its sbajie is
 very irregular.  Inwards and  forwards, it has a
 consideralde  eminence,  which  is curved upon
 itself, and  gives attachment to tbe annular liga-
 ment of  the carpus.   It is articulated  with  the
 os semilunare, os  magnum, os  cuneiforme, and
 the fourth and fifth metacarpal bones.  It is de-
 velopcd from a single point of ossification.
    Unciform Eminence, Hippocampus minor.
    Unciform  Process, Proces'sus  uncina'tus  seu
 Blumeubach'ii,  Great  .Process ofi the  Ethmoid.
 The most considerable of the thin  irregularly
 twisted  laminae on  the inferior  surface  of the
 ethmoid  bone, which narrow the opening of the
 maxillary sinuses.
    UNCINA'TUS. Unciform.
    UNCINUS, Hook.
    UNCTION, Inunction, Unguentum, Unguen-
 tum hvdrurgyri.
    UNCUS. Hook.
    UNDERCLIFF, ISLE  OF  WIGHT,  ENG-
 LAND,  (CLIMATE OF.)  The Undercliff com-
 prehends a tract of country from Dunnose to St.
 Catherine's Hill, on tbe southeast coast, about six
 miles in  length, and from a quarter to half a mile
 in breadth.  It is well protected from the colder
 winds; and the climate is remarkably equable,
 as well  as mild and  dry,  so  that there are not
 many days during the winter  in which the inva-
 lid cannot take exercise in the open air.  It is
 an excellent  climate for the  pulmonary  valetu-
 dinarian.
    UNDIM'IA.  A name  given, by Paracelsus,
 to a tumour, filled with a gelatinous matter, like
 the white of an  egg.
Ij    UNDOSUS, Cymatodes. 
UNDULATIO              942            UNGUENTUM
  UNDULATIO,  Fluctuation.
  UNEDO, Arbutus unedo — u. Papyracea, Ar-
butus unedo.
  UN'GEAL, Ungea'lis,  from unguis, 'a nail.'
Belonging, or relating, to the nails of the  hands
or feet.
  UNGUEAL MATRIX, see Nail.
  UNGUEN, Unguentum — u.  Articulare,  Sy-
novia.
  UNGUENT, ARMATORY, Hoploehrysma.
  UNGUENTARIA, see Myristica moschata.
  UNGUENTA'RIUS,  Myrojne'us,   Jlyrep'sus,
Myropo'les, Jlyropo'lus, Pigmenta'rius ; from ««-
guen'tum, 'an ointment.'  One who  makes  and
sells ointments.  A perfumer.
  UNGUEN'TUM, Unguen, Myron,  Unction, (¥.)
 Onguent, from ungere, iinctum, ' to anoint.'  Oint-
ment.   Ointments are topical applications, of a
consistence more or less analogous  to that of
lard.   They are  used, chiefly, as local applica-
tions to ulcers and wounds; but arc sometimes
rubbed upon a part in cutaneous affections; and,
especially, where it is  desired that the constitu-
ents of the ointment should be  absorbed.  Oint-
ments  are  of less consistence  than  cerates, al-
though the terms are often used  indiscriminately.
   Unguen'tum Ac"mi Nitro'si, Ointment of Ni-
trous Acid, Ptrma'tum  seu Unguen'tum Nitricum
Seu Oxygena'tum, (¥.) Pommade oxyginie, Graisse
 oxyginie, Pommade d'Alyon.  (Adip. snilti, Ibj;
 acid, nitros. ^vj.  Melt  the  fat, and rub  in the
 acid  gradually, till cold.  PA.  E.)   Stimulant.
 Used in itch and other cutaneous eruptions, and
 in  foul ulcers.
   Unguentum Adipocer^e  Cetorum, Ceratum
 cetacei—u. jEgyptiacum, Linimentum aeruginis
 — u. iEgyptium album, Crinomyron —u. iEruei-
 nis, U. subacetatis cupri—u. Album,  Unguentum
 eetacei — u. Album Resolvens, Linimentum  am-
 monia? fortius.
   Unguentum de Althaea,  U. de Terebln'thind
 et cerd seu cilrinnm seu resi'na pint sylves'tris
 compositum seu  resumpti'vum seu leniti'vum, Ce-
 ra'tum de Althad, Emplas'trum mucilagino'sum
 seu emolliens sen cilrinum seu fiavum  sen de
 Althad. Unguentum fiavum,  Jlnrsh mallow Oint-
 ment,  (¥.)  Onguent  de  guimauve,  0. d'ulthia.
 (Olei  de mucilaginibus, 1000 p., cera fiava, 250
 p., resina, terebinthin., aii 125 p. Liquefy: strain
 and stir till  cold.  PA. P.)   Common  Olive Oil
 might be substituted for the Oil of Mucilages.
   Unguentum Amygdalinum, Ceratum Galeni.
   Unguentum Antimo'nii,  U.  Antimonia'le, U.
 A. Tartariza'ti, U. A. Potassio-tar'trutis,  U. tar'-
 tari emet'ici, Ointment ofi tar'tarized an'timony,
 Antimo'nial  Ointment,  Tartar  emetic ointment.
 (Antimon. et potass, tnrtrat. in pulv. subtiliss. Zij,
 adipis. ^j. PA.  U.S.)   If a drachm  of this oint-
 ment  be rubbed upon  any part, night and morn-
 ing, it will excite, in a few  days, a painful  pus-
 tular eruption.  Hence, it is employed as a coun-
 ter-irritant.  This preparation is also called Ung.
 Tar'tari stibia'ti seu emet'ici,  Ung. e  Tar'taro
 stibia'to, Adeps  Tartare  stibii  metlica'tus,  Ung.
 Tar'tratis Potass'a stibia'ti, (¥.) Pommade d'Au-
 tenrieth, Pommade slibiie.   This method  of em-
 ploying the tartrate of antimony and potassa, as
 a reyellent, is, at times, called stibio-dermic, (¥.)
 La mithodc stibio-derrnique.
    Unguentum  Antimonii  Potassio-Tartratis,
 Unguentum  antiinonii—u. Antiinonii tartarizati,
 U. antiinonii — u. Antipernium, see  Antipernius.
    Unguentum  AqUjE  RoSyE, Ointment ofi  Rose
 water, Cold Cream.  (Aq. Rosa, f%j ;  of. amygdal.
 f^ij ; cetacei, t^ss ; cera alba, ,"j. Melt together,
 in a water-bath,  the  oil, spermaceti, and wax ;
 then add the rose-water, and stir until it is  cold.
 PA. U. S.)   Cooling to irritated surfaces.
  Unguentum  Armarium,  Hoploehrysma — u.
Arthnuitae, see Arthunita—u. Articulare, Synovia
—u. Basilicon fliivum, (Yratuin resina?—u. Basi-
licon nigrum, Unguentum resina-  nigra?—it. Ba-
silicum viride, Unguentum subacetatis cupri.
  Unguentum  Belladon'na-:,  Ointment of Ret.
ladonua.  (Ext. belladonna 3J >  adipis ^'y,  M.
PA.  U. S.)  An anodyne application  to irritablo
ulcers., Ac.
  Unguentum Cantiiaribis, Unguentum lyttae.
  Unguen'tum Cer^:  (alba seu fiava),  Ungu-
entum simplex (Ph. U. S.), Linimen'tum  simjrltx,
 Wax Ointment, Oil and  Bees'  Wax, (¥.) On-
guent de cire.  (Cera Ibj, adipis lbiv (Ph.  U. S.),
or—cera t^ij, ol. oliv. s,v.)  Emollient.   A mild
dressing.   Also, the basis of most of the com-
pound ointments.
  Unguentum  Ceratum,  Ceratum  Galeni—u.
Cerussae,  Unguentum oxidi plumbi albi,  Ungu-
entum plumbi  subcarbonatis — u.  Cerussae ace-
tatae, Ceratum plumbi superacetatis, II. plumbi
superacetatis—u. Citrinum, U.  de althaea, U. hy-
drargyri nitratis.
  Unguentum  Ceta'cei,  U. Sjter'matis Ceti seu
album, Linitnen'tiim album, Sjtermace'ti ointment,
(¥.) Onguent de blanc de  baleine.   (Cetacei gvj,
cera alba  giv, ol. oliv. f^iij.  PA. L.)  The or-
dinary dressing for blisters and excoriations. See
Ceratum cetacei.
  Unguentum  Coc'culi,  Ointment of Coc'culus
Irldicus.  (Take  any quantity  of Cocculus Indi-
cts;  separate  and preserve  the kernels; beat
them well in a mortar, first alone, and then with
a  little lard; then add  lard till it  amounts
altogether to five times the weight of the kernels.
Ph.  E.)   Used to  destroy  vermin, and to cure
scabies and ringworm of the scalp.
  Unguentum  Con'ii,   Ointment  of Hemlock.
(Coniifiol. recent.;  adipis aa tbj.   Boil the hem-
lock in the lard till it becomes  crisp, and express
through linen.  PA. L.)   Used  to irritable  tu-
mours and ulcers.
  Unguen'tum Creaso'ti, Ointment of Cre'asote.
(Creasot.  f%ss ; adijiis, "$j.  Add the creasote to
the lard previously melted with a moderate beat,
and stir constantly till  cold.   PA.  U. S.)  Used
in chronic cutaneous affections.
  Unguentum Cupri Subacetatis, Unguentum
subacetatis cupri — u. Diapompholygos, Unguen-
tum oxidi zinci impuri.
  Unguentum Digesti'vum Simplex,  U. Tere-
bin'thinm  et ovo'rum vitelli, Simple digestive oint-
ment, (¥.) Onguent digestif simple.  (Terebinthin.
 pur. 64 p. Vitell. ovor. No. 2, vel 32 p.  Mix,  for
a long time, in a glass mortar, and add, gradually,
enough ofthe Oil of Hrjjrericum (Jl il'ejiertuis) to
make a soft ointment.  Ph. P.)  Detergent.  It
may be rendered more so by adding a little of the
Acetate of cojtper.
   Unguentum Elemi, Balsam of Arcaeus, Ungu-
entum elemi compositum.
   Unguentum El'f.mi Compos'itum, Unguentum e
gummi elemi seu de terebiu'thind  et adiji'ibns seu
elemi, Linimen'tum Arca'i,  Ointment of Elemi,
 (¥.)  Baume d'Arcius.   (Elemi tbj, terebinthijta
 vulgaris ^x, sevi praparati Ibij, olira old f^'j-
 Melt the elemi with the suet; remove it from  tbo
 fire; and mix in the turpentine  and oil.   Strain
 the mixture through a linen cloth.  Ph. L.)  Sti-
 mulant and digestive.  To keep open issues, Ac.
   Unguentum Epispas'ticum de  Daphne Gni-
 DIO,  Adejis Cor't ice dajrhnes  gnidii medica'tus,
 (¥.) Pommade de Garou.  (Adip. prajiar. 320 p.,
 cera, 32 p., cort.  dajthn. gnid. 128 p.  Melt  the
 fat and wax : nnd add the bark softened in water.
 Boil until  the water is  evaporated: then pass
 through  cloth.  PA. P.)   To  keep ojien  blisters,
 issues, Ac.   See Unguentum Mezerei. 
UNGUENTUM
943
UNGUENTUM
  Unguentum Epispasticum Fortius, Cerate of I
cantharides—u. Epispasticum mitius, Unguentum
lytta- —u. Epispasticum viride, Unguentum lyttie
medicatum—u. Elavum. Unguentum dc altha-a—
u. u Gutiimi elemi, Unguentum compositum —u.
He'lebori albi, Unguentum veratri.
  Unoueni'um Gall*, Ointment of Galls, (Galia
in pulv. ^j : adipis, ^vij.  M.  PA. U. S.)  As an
astringent in piles, indolent ulcers, Ac
  Unguentum  G w,l.<e Compos'itum, U.  Galia et
 O'/rii, Compound  Ointment  ofi Galls.   (Gall, in
pulv. subtil. 5Jvj, adipis. ^vj, opii pulv.  ,^iss. M.
 Ph.  L.)   Used iii painful hemorrhoids. 5SS or
2j, of camphor is sometimes added.
   Unguen'tum  Hydrar'gyri,  U. caru'leiim seu
 Xeapolitilmini,  Cera'tum mercuriale, Adeps Hy-
 drar'gym medica'tits.  Mercurial Ointment,  Blue
 ointment, Unction, (¥.) Onguent mercurial ou Nn-
 jrolitiiin.
   The Strong Jlercurial Ointment, Unguentum Hy-
 drargyri fortius of  the  London Pharmacopoeia,
 U.  Hydrar'gyri (Ph. U. S.), is thus made — Hy-
 drarg. tbij,  adi/iis ^xxiij, sevi 5J.   Rub till tbe
 globules entirely disappear.
   The Milder Mercurial Ointment,— U.  Hydrar-
 gyri Jlitins, — is made by adding, to one pound
 of the strong, two pounds of lard.
   Mercurial ointment is antisyphilitic and discu-
 tient.  It is rubbed  on the inside ofthe  thigh, in
 venereal affections; especially in those cases whore
 mercury, given  internally, runs off by the bowels.
 The stronger ointment is used  for this  purpose.
 The weaker is employed as  a dressing, or  as an
 application  to cutaneous eruptions.
   Unguentum  Hydrargyri Ammoniati,  Ungu-
 entum hydrargyri praecipitati albi — u. Hydrar-
 gyri calcis alius, Unguentum hydrargyri praecijii-
 tati albi—u. Hydrargyri compositum, Unguentum
 hydrargyri  nitratis—u. Hydrargyri deutoxydi ni-
 trati,  Unguentum hydrargyri nitrico-oxydi.
   Unguentum  Hydrar'gyri Iod'idi,  Ointment
 of I'odide of Mer'cury.   (Hydrarg. lodid. ^j,
 cera alb. ^ij, adipis ^vj.  Ph. L.)
   Ung it en tum Hydrar'gyri Iop'idiRubri,  Oint-
 ment  of lied  I'odide of Mer'cury.  (Hydrarg.
 lodid. Rubr. ^j,  Ung. cera alba .^vij.   PA. D.)
 Both  these ointments may be applied to scrofu-
 lous and indolent ulcers.
   Unguentum  ex Hydrargyro  mitius dictum
 cinereum,  Unguentum  oxydi  hydrargyri  cine-
 reum.
.  Unguentum  Hydrargyri  Nitra'tis,  U. hy-
 drargyri nitrati seu supernitra'tis hydrargyri seu
 hydrar'gyri compos'itum seu mercuriale  cit'rinum
 seu cit'rinum ad scabiem, Bal'samum mercuriale,
 Adeps nitra'te  hydrargyri medica'tits.  Ointment
 of Nitrate  ofi Mer'cury, Citrine  Ointment, (¥.)
  Oni/nent de nitrate de mercure,  0. citrin con tre la
 gale.  (Hydrarg. 5j, acid,  nitric, f^xiv. olei bu-
 'buli t's'ix, adipis fii\j.  Dissolve  the mercury in
 the acid ; and, while hot, add  the  oil and melted
 lard.  Ph.  U. S.
   A milder ointment,— Ung. nitratis Hydrargyri
 tniiins,—is made with triple the quantity of oil
 and lard.   It is stimulant  and detergent,  and is
 much used as an application to herpes, porrigo,
 and cutaneous  eruptions.  The weaker ointment
 is sometimes used in ophthalmia tarsi, Ac.
   Unguentum  Hydrargyri  Ni'trico-ox'ydi,
 U. subm'tra'tis hydrargyri seu Oxydi Hydrargyri
 rubri, U. H. oxidi rubri (Ph. U.  S.), U. deutox'-
 ytli hydrarg. nitrati seu Hydrargyri rubri seu ex
 Hydrari/r/r-a oxyda'to rubro seu mercudi rubrum
 seu ophthalmicum  rubrum seu  subnitra'tis hy-
 tl -argyi-'ici, Bal'samum ophthalmicum rubrum,
 Ointment of Nitric  Oxyd of Mercury, Red Pre-
 cipitate Ointment,  Go/den  Ointment, Singleton's
 Eye  Salve.  (Hydrarg. oxid. rubr. in pulv. sub-
 tiliss.  Si ;  I '"'J- ei'»TL oJ-  Add the  oxvd> re"
| duced to a fine powder, to the melted oiutment.
 PA. U. S.)  Stimulant and  escharotic.   Applied
 to foul ulcers, to inflauimation of tbe tarsi, Ac. Ac.
   Belleville's  Cerate, which has been  long used
 in cases of scalled head, and of chronic cutaneous
 diseases in general, is made as follows:—Plumbi
 acet. %,');  hydrarg. oxid.  rubr. .^ss; hytl. chlorid.
 mit. Sjij ;  cera. alba .^iv;  ol. oliv. ,^vj.  Melt the
 last two, and add the others in fine powder.
    Unguentum  Hydrargyri  Oxidi Rubri, Un-
 guentum  hydrargyri nitrico-oxydi-—u. ex Hy-
 drargyro oxydato rubro,  Unguentum hydrargyri
 nitrico-oxydi—u. Hydrargyri  oxydi rubri,  Ungu-
 entum hydrargyri nitrico-oxydi.
    Unguentum Hydrargyri Pr.ecipita'ti Albi,
  U. Hydrar'gyri ammonia'ti, (Ph. U. S.) seu sub-
 muria'tis hydrargyri timmonia'ti seu  ad scabiem
 Zellcri seu mercuriale  album seu mundif icons
 Zelleri seu e mercu'rii) pracipita''to seu calcis hy-
 tlrargyri alba,  Ointment ofi white  jtrecipitate.
 (Hytl. amnion. "Tfr,, ung. simpl. J$iss.  Melt the fat,
 and add  the precijiitate.)  Detergent.   Used in
 cutaneous eruptions, to destroy vermin, Ac.
    Unguentum Hydrargyri  Rubri,  U. Hydrar-
 gyri  nitrico-oxydi — u.  Hydrargyri  submuriatis
 ammoniati, U. Hydrargyri praecipitati albi — u.
  Ilydrargyrici  subnitratis, U.  hydrargyri nitrico-
 oxydi—u. Hydrargyri subnitratis, U. hydrargyri
 nitrico-oxydi — u. Hydrargyri  supernitratis, U.
 hydrargyri nitratis—u. Infusi meloes vesicatorii,
  U. lyttie —u. Irritans, U. lyttae.
    Unguen'tum Lui'ini, U. lodin'ii,  Ointment ofi
  Iodine.   (Iodin. ^j  ; Potass, iodid. gr. iv ; Aqua
  TTLvi; Adijtis. i|j. Rub the iodine and iodide first
  with  the  water until liquefied, and then with the
  lard until mixed.   PA.  U. S.)  Used as a local
  application to goitrous and other swellings.
    Unguentum Iod'ini  Compos'itum,  U. lodin'ii
 compositum, Compound Ointment ofi Iodine.  (Iodin
 £ss;  Potassii iodid.  g'y,  Alcohol, f'.^j; adijris Sjij
  Rub the iodine and iodide first with the alcohol
  and then with the lard until they are well  mixed.
  PA. U. S.)
    Unguentum  Lau'rinum,  Oleum  lau'rinum,
  Adejis lauro-medica'tus,  Bay Ointment, (¥.) On-
  guent ou Huile de lander.   (Fol. laud,  500 p.,
  adip. sm'lla, 1000 p.  Bruise in a marble mortar;
  evaporate all  humidity by boiling; and add Bay
  berries,  in powder, 500 p.   Digest  and pass
  through  linen.   PA. P.)  Reputed  to be- corro-
  borant and nervine.  It  is simply emollient.
    Unguentum Lenitivum, U. de  althaea—u. Li-
  liaceum, Crinomyron.
    Unguentum Lyttj;, Ung. canthar'idis sen vesi-
  cato'rium seu  irritans seu ad  vesica'ta seu  infu'si
  meloes  vesicato'rii   seu  epispas'ticmn  mit"ins,
  Blistering Salve, Ointment ofi Spanish Flies, Oint-
  ment of Infusion of Spanish Flies,Milder blis'tcring
  Ointment.  (Cantharid. in pulv. ^ij ; aqua destil-
  lat. Oss ; eerat. resin. ,^viij.  Boil  down tbe water
  with the  Spanish flies  to  one-half,  and  strain;
  then mix the cerate with the  strained liquor, and
  evaporate to  the proper consistence.   PA. U. S.)
  It is  stimulant  and epispastic; and is  chiefly
  used for keeping up  the discharge from a blistered
  surface.
    Unguentum Lytt.e Medica'tum, Adeps can-
  tharidibus medictt'tus, Poma'tum  seu Unguentum
  epispas'ticmn vir'ide  stim'ulans  ac'ribus, Green
  blis'tering Ointment, (¥.) Pommade  ipispastique
  verte.   (Pomati seu unguenti  cantharid.  64 p.,
  unguent, popnlei 168 p., ce?-(2 alba  256 p., enjtri
  acetat., ext. opii, aa  24 p.  Melt the unguentum
  populeum, and wax, and add, as they cool, the
  oxyd of copper, cantharides,  aud opium. PA. P.)
  Use. same as the last.
    Unguentum   Lytt.e   Medica'tum  A'liud,
  Adeps cantharidibus medica'tns alius, Puma'turn
|  ejrispas'ticum flurum et  mil"ins,  } ellow Blister- 
UNGUENTUM
9 4
4             UNGUENT UM
ing  Ointment, (¥.)  Pommade  ipispastique  jaune. |
(Pulv. cantharid. 120 p.,  adip.  prap.  Ui'sO  J)., j
aqua 250 p.  Melt the lard; mix  the cantharides, |
and add the water at the  same  time;  place the
whole on a gentle fire; stir continually for two
hours, and add a  little water to replace that which
has been evaporated.  Pass  through linen and
strain.   Keep  it  in a water-bath, and add pow-
dered turmeric, 8 p.  Let  it cool till the  super-
fluous liquid separates; pour  off  and add  yellow
wax, 250 p., Oil ofi Lemon,  8 p. PA. P.)  A com-
plex preparation.   Use, same  as the last.
   An  ointment,  not  very philosophically com-
bined, was used by Dr. Physick,  which is known
by the name  of  "Dr. Physick's Issue Ointment."
It is made by boiling half  an  ounce of powdered
cantharides in  two ounces of rose-water,  and eva-
porating until  one-half of  the fluid is driven off,
having previously added 15 grains of tartar emetic.
The decoction  is  to be strained, and three ounces
of olive oil, an  ounce and a half of white wax, and
one ounce of spermaceti added to  it, and  the mix-
ture then boiled till all the water is evaporated.
   Unguentum Melanicum Causticum, Causti-
cum iEthiopicum.
   Unguentum Mercuriale Album, Unguentum
hydrargyri praecipitati albi — u. Mercuriale citri-
num, Unguentum hydrargyri  nitratis—u. e Mer-
curio praecipitato,  Unguentum hydrargyri prae-
cipitati  albi — u. Mercurii rubrum, Unguentum
hydrargyri nitrico-oxydi—u. Mundificans Zelleri,
Unguentum hydrargyri praecipitati albi.
   Unguentum Meze'rei, Ointment of Jlczereon.
(Jlezer.  incis.  transversim, ,^iv;  adijtis,  (^xiv;
cera  alba,  ^ij ;  moisten  the  mezereon with  a
little alcohol, and beat in  an iron mortar, until
reduced  to  a  fibrous  mass ; then digest it with
the lard, in a salt-water bath, for 12 hours;  strain
forcibly, and  allow the  strained  liquor to cool
slowly, so  that  any undissolved  matters may
subside; from these separate the medicated lard  ;
melt it with tbe wax at a moderate heat, and stir
constantly till  they are cold.  Ph. U.  S.)  To
keep open blisters, issues, Ac.
   Unguentum  Muria'tis Hydrargyri  Oxyge-
NA'to  Medica'tum, Adeps  muria'te  hydrargyri
oxygena'to  medicatus, Cyrillo's  Ointment, (¥.)
Pomnoote de  Cyrillo.   (Hydrar.   oxymur.  4 p.;
adijtis suilti praji. M2 p.—Ph. P.)  Antivenereal
and alterative.  Used in friction, ^ss at a time.
  Unguentum  Nardinum,  see Nardus Indiea —
u.  Neapolitanum,  Unguentum hydrargyri — u.
Nervinum,  Unguentum  Sambuci — u. Nitricum
seu oxygenatum,  Unguentum acidi nitrosi.
  Unguentum  Ophthal'micum, Adejts oxido hy-
drargyri rubro et plumbi aceta'te  inetlica'tus, Re-
gent's Pommade ojihthalmique, (¥.) Pommade oph-
thaltniqne.  (liittyr.  recent.,  aq. rosar. lavat.  aa 4J
p.: camjihor., oxyd. hydrarg. rubr., acetatis plumbi,
aa, 0.25 p.  Mix intimately.—Ph.  P.)  In chronic
inflammation of tbe conjunctiva or tarsi.
  Unguentum  Ophthalmicum, Unguentum oxidi
zinci impuri—u. Ophthalmicum rubrura, Unguen-
tum hydrargyri nitrico-oxydi.
  Unguentum  O'pii,  Ointment of Ojirnm.  (Opii
pulv. ►)] ; adijris %} ; M.—Ph. L.)  To  be used
where the local application of opium by inunction
is needed.
  Unguentum  Ox'idi  Hydrargyri  Cine'rei,
Adeps sen  Unguentum ex hydrargyro mit'ius dic-
tum cinereum, Ointment ofi gray oxide ofi mercury,
{¥.) Onguent gris.  (Oxyd. hydrarg. ciner. p. j ;
adipis suilli,  p.  iij. — Ph.  E.)  Properties like
the mercurial ointment.  It is  not much  used.
  Unguentum  Ox'idi Plumbi Albi, U.  cerns'sa
seu album sen  subaceta'tis  jilnmbi, Ointment ofi
white oxide ofi lead, White  ointment.  (Ung. sim-
plicis, p. v; oxyd. plumb, alb. p. j. — Ph. E. and
P.)  Cooling and  desiccative.  Applied  to exco-
riated and burnt surfaces.
   Unguentum  Oxidi  Plumbi  Carbonati.  U.
Plumbi subcarbonatis — u. Oxidi zinci, Unguen-
tum zinci.
   Unguentum Ox'idi Zinci Impu'ri, U. til tia sen
ophthal' in icum  seu diajrompholygos, Atlejis ox'-
idi  zinci medica'tus, Eye-salve,  Tufty ointment,
Ointment of imjrure oxide of due.  (Liitt'iu. sim/,1,
p. v;  oxyd.  zinc.  imp. prap.  p.  j. — Ph.  E.)
Generally used in ophthalmia tarsi  and atonic
ophthalmia.
   Unguentum  Picis Liq'uidje, U.  Picis seu  e
Pice, Tar  Ointment.  (Picis  liquid., sevi, sing.
Ibj.  Melt, and stir till cold.—Ph. U. S.)  Stimu-
lant and detergent.  Used in tinea capitis, and
other cutaneous eruptions.
   Unguentum Picis  Nigr.e. Unguentum resinae
nigrae — u. Plumbi acetatis, Ceratum  plumbi su-
peracetatis— u. Plumbi carbonatis, Unguentum
plumbi subcarbonatis.
   Unguentum  Plumbi Compos'itum, Compound
Ointment of Lead.  (Enirt. Plumbi, Ibiij ;  ol.  oliv.
f^xviij ; cret. prapar. ^vj  ; acid. acet. dil. f^vj.
Dissolve the plaster in the oil with a slow  tire;
then add the chalk, and afterwards the acid,  con-
stantly stirring until  they become cold.—Ph. L.)
Used as a dressing to flabby, indulent ulcers.
   Unguentum  Plumbi Iod'idi,  Ointment of Io-
dide of Lead.   (Plumb, iodid. ^j ; adipis, 3yi'j !
M.—Ph. L.)  Used as a eut.rophic in chronic,
glandular, and other swellings.
   Unguentum  Plumbi Oxydi Carbonati,  Un-
guentum plumbi subcarbonatis—u.Plumbi subace-
tatis, Unguentum oxidi plumbi albi—U. Plumbici
carbonatis, Unguentum plumbi subcarbonatis.
   Unguentum Plumbi Subcarbona'tis, U.plum-
bi cnrbona'tis  (Ph. U. S.)  seu album seu album
simplex seu carbontltis plumbici seu cerns'sa seu
oxidi jilnmbi carbona'ti, Cera'tum de cents'sd, (¥.)
Onguent  blanc de Rhazes,  0. de druse, 0. de
Tornamira.  (Plumbi carbonat. in pulv. subtiliss.
^ij; Unguent, simjil.  Ibj.  Add the carbonate of
lead to  the  ointment previously softened over a
gentle  fire, and mix. — Ph. U. S.)  Chiefly used
as a dressing for burns.
   Unguentum Plumbi  Superaceta'tis, U.  ace-
ta'tis plumbi seu saturnlnum sen cerns'sa acetit'-
ta, Bal'samum universale,  Ointment of sugar of
lead.  (Olive oil,  Ibss; white  wax,  3'ss> snper-
ucetate ofi lead, ^ij.) Cooling, desiccative. Called,
also, Balsamum satnrnlnum, Butyl-um satur'ni;
Linimen'tum  ]tl umbil tum,  Poma'tum  satur'ni,
Ung. triphar'macitm.
   Unguentum Popule'um, Adepspapav'ere, hy-
oscy'amo, et belladon'na medica'tus.  Fresh buds
of the populus nigra, 500 p., macerated in adeps
suillus prap. melted, 1500 p., for 24 boms.   Pre-
serve this.   Take black poppy leaves, belladonna,
hyoscyamus, black nightshade, aa 128 p.; bruise
in a mortar with  the former preparation;  boil
until all the humidity is evaporated, and strain.—
Ph. P.)   Anodyne.  Applied to local inflamma-
tions,  hemorrhoids,  sore  nipples,  cancer,  Ac
Green elder ointment is often sold for this.
   Unguentum Populeum, see  Populus.
   Unguentum Potas'sa Hydrioda'tis, U. po-
tas'sii iod'idi (Ph. U. S.), Ointment of' hydri'odute
of potass.   (Potass, iodid. in jtulv. subtil. 5^j  ; aq.
bullient. f 3),' adijtis, §j.  Dissolve the iodide in
the water, and mix the solution with tbe lard.—
Ph.  U. S.)  Half  a drachm of this ointment is
rubbed on scrofulous glands, goitre, Ac.
   Unguentum Potassii Iodidi, Unguentum Po-
tassae Hydriodatis — u. Pu4veris  meloes Vesica-
torii, Cerate of cantharides — u. Resinae fiava.?,
Ceratum  resinae flavie.
   Unguentum Resi'na Nigr.e, U. resina nigrum
seu basilicon nigrum seu Picis nigra seu Picis 
UNGUENTUM              94
tetrapliarin'aeiiin, Black basilicon,  Black  resin
ointment, Ointment  of pitch,  Ointment, of  black
pitch.   (Resin  nigr., cera fiava, resina fi-av. ua
*ix ;  olei aliva, Oj.—Ph. L.)   Uses, the same as
the Ceratum resina or  Yelloto basilicon.
  Unguentum  Resina:  Pini  Sylvestris  Com-
positum, Unguentum de Althaea—u. Resinosum,
Ccraium resinae flavae — u.  Ilesumptivum, Un- i
guentum de althaea.
   Unguentum  Sabina;. Ceratum Sabinae.
   Unguentum   Sambu'ci,  U. sarnbilcinnm seu
nerd'Hum,  Green ointment,  Elder ointment, (¥.)
 Onguent de snrcau.   (Sambuci fior. Ibij;  adijtis'
 rrrrep. tbij.  Boil.—Ph. L.)   Emollient.
   Unguentum  Saturninum, Unguentum plumbi '
superacetatis—u. ad Scabiem  Zelleri, Unguentum :
hydrargyri praecipitati albi—u. Simplex, Ceratum
 (ialeni, Unguentum cerae—u. Solidum  de  cicuta, ||
 Emplastrum cicutae—u. Sperinatis ceti, Unguen-
 tum cetacei.
   Unguentum  Stramo'nii, Ointment of Stramo'- ,
 ilium.  (Ext.  stranton. fiol. gj ; adipis, ^j.  Rub |
 the extract with a  little water  until  uniformly
 Boft,  and then  with the lard. — Ph. U. S.)  An
 anodyne ointment to irritable ulcers, hemorrhoids,
 Ac
   Unguentum  Subaceta'tis  Cupri,  U.  cupri
 subaceta'tis (Ph. U. S.) seu deter'gens seu  basil'-'
 icum  vir'ide  seu ant'ginis,  Bal'samum  viride,
 Ointment of subacetate ofi copper,  Ver'tligris oint-
 ment.  (Cupri subacet. in pulv. subtiliss. ^j •' nug.
 simjrl. 5>;v.   Add the subacetate to the ointment
 previously melted with a moderate  heat, and stir
 till cold.—Ph. U. S.)  Detergent and escharotic.
   Unguentum Sulphura'tum  ad  Sca'biem,
 Adc/ts sulphure et ammo'nia muria'te medica'tus.
 (Atlipis, 120 p.: sulph. lot. 60 p.; ammonia mu-
 riat., alumina  sulphat. aa 4 p.; fiat unguentum.—
 Ph. P.)  Antipsoric.
   Bailey's Itch Ointment is composed  of olive oil,
 lard, nitre, alum, sulphate ofi zinc, and cinnabar ;
 scented with o?7 ofi aniseed, oil ofi origanum, and
 oi7 of spike, and coloured with alkanet-root.
    Unguentum  Sulphura'tum  Alcali'.ni'M  ad
 Sca'biem, Adeps snl/tllure et carbona'te potassa
 medica'tits,Helmerick's A/caline Sulph lira'ted Itch
 Ointment.  (Adi/r. prap. 800 p.; sulphur, lot. 200
 p.; carbonat.  potass, jmr. 100 p.; fiat ung.—Ph.
 P.)   Use, same as the last.
    Bateman's Itch Ointment resembles  this.  It is
 coloured with  cinnabar, and  scented with  essence
 of bergamot.
    Unguentum Sul'phuris, U. e sulph'lire. Sul-
 phur ointment.  (Suljih. Ibj;  adip. Ibij.—Ph. U.
 S.)   Used chiefly  in  itch,  and  some  herpetic
 affections.
    Unguentum Sulphuris Compos'itum,  U. An-
 tipsor'icinn, Com/round Sulphur Ointment, Itch
  Ointment, Jackson's Itch Ointment,  Pommade An-
 tipsorique tie  Jtisser.   (Su/jih. snblitn.  Ibss;  ve-
 ratri rad. contus. ^ij : potassa nitrat. %') ; sajio-
 iii>  mollis,  Ibss. ;  atli/n's,  Tbiss;  ol.   bergamot.
 n\,xxx. — Ph. L.)  The  Unguentum  Sulphuris
 Compositum of the Pharm. U. S. is made  as fol-
 lows : — Sulphur. t^j ; hydrargyri ammoniat., acid.
 benzoic, iiii ."j ; ol. bergamot., acid, sulphuric, au
 f!Jj ; potassa nitrat. gij ;  adipis,  Ibss.   To  the
 melted lard add the other  ingredients, and stir
 till cold.   Use, the same as  the last; but it is
 more stimulating.
    Unguentum Sulph'uris  Iod'idi. Ointment of
 I'oditlc ofi Sulphur.  (Sulphur, iodid,  ,^ss ; adi-
 pis, ~].  Rub the iodide with a little of the lard ;
 add 'the remainder, nnd  mix. —Ph. U. S.)   An
 excellent application in chronic  cutaneous affec-
 tions.
    Unguentum Susinum. Crinomyron.
    Unguentum Tab'ui. Tobacco Ointment. (Ta-
 bac. recent, concis.  SJ;  adipis, tbj.  Boil  the to-
        60
UNITING  BANDAGE
bacco in the lard, over a  gentle fire, till  it be-
comes friable;  then strain through  linen. — Ph.
U. S.)  Applied  to  irritable ulcars,  tinea capi-
tis, Ac.
  Unguentum  Tartari Emetict,  U. antimonii
tartarizati — u. Tartari stibiati, U. antimonii tar-
tarizati— u. e  Tartaro potassae  stibiati,  U. anti-
monii tartarizati — u. Tartratis  potassae  stibiati,
U. antimonii tartarizati — u. de Terebinthina et
adipibus, U. elemi compositum — u. de Terebin-
thina et cera, U.  de  althaea — u. Terebinthina? et
ovorum vitelli, II. digestivum simplex—u. Tetra-
pharraacum, Basilicon, U. resinae nigrae—u.  Tri-
pharmacum, IJ. plumbi  superacetatis — u. Tutias,
U. oxidi zinci impuri.
   Unguentum  Vera'trt, U.  Veratri albi (Ph. U.
S.) seu  helleb'ori albi,  White hellebore, ointment.
(Vertttr. pulv. 3"ij; adipis, 3 viij ;  olei  limon.
lr^xx.)   Used  in cases of  itch, where sulphuris
objected to.  It is not equally efficacious.
   The  principal  ingredients in the  Edinburgh
Ointment are white  hellebore and muriate ofi am-
monia.
   Unguentum ad  Vesicata,  U. lyttae — u. ad
Vesicatoria, Cerate of cantharides — u. Vesicato-
rium, Unguentum lyttaa.
   Unguentum Zinci, U. ox'idi  zinci seu  zinci
o.xidi (Ph. U.  S.),  Zinc ointment.   (Zinci  oxid.
ffy, adipis, ,^vj.)   Use, the same as that of tbe
 Unguentum tutia.
   Unguentum Zinci Oxidi, U. zinci.
   UNGUIS,  Hippocampus  minor,  Nail,  Onyx,
Pterygion—u. Avis, Hippocampus minor — u.
Halleri, Hippocampus minor—u. Odoratus, Blatta
Byzantia.
   Unguis Os, Os lacryma'le.  A small, quadri-
lateral, very  thin,  and semi-transparent  bone,
which  has been  compared to a human nail, and
is situate at the anterior  and inner part  of the
orbit.   It aids in tbe formation  of the lachrymal
gutter and the nasal duct.   It is articulated  with
the  frontal,  superior  maxillary,  ethmoid, and
inferior spongy bones, and is developed by a sin-
gle punctum ossifli-aliouis.
   UNtU'LA  CABALLINA, Tussilago.
   UNGUL.-E  PALPEBRARUM, see Tarsus.
   UNHEALTHY,  Sickly.
   UNICORN  ROOT, Chamaelirium luteum.
   UNILOCULAR, Unilocnla'ris,   from   (inn*.
 'one,' and loculus,  (diminutive of locus,) 'a cell.'
 Having one cell or cavity, as biloc'u/ar  means
 having two cells or cavities ; mult Hoc'ular, having
 many.
   UNTO. Pearl.
   UNIOCULUS, Cvclops, Monocnlus.
   UNION  BY  THE  FIRST  AND SECOND
 INTENTIONS,  see Intention.
   UNIPARIUNS,  Uniparous.
   UNIPARTENT,  Uniparous.
   UNIP'AROUS,  Unipa'rient, Unijrariens,  from
 inn/8,  'one,' and pario,  'I bring  forth.'   Pro-
 ducing one at a  birth.
   UNISE'MA DELTIFO'LIA, Pontede'ria cor-
 da'ta.  Shovel Pickerelweed, Pond. Shovel, Shovel-
 leaf, Water Plantain.   An indigenous plant, Ord.
 Pontederiaceae, Sex. Syst.  Hexandria Monogynia,
 which  grows  in water, and  flowers from June to
 August.  The root  is emollient and astringent.
    UNITAIRES (JIONSTRES) (¥.), from uni-
 t/is, 'oneness.'  A  class of monsters  in which are
 found  only the complete or incomplete  elements
 of a single individual.  In contradistinction to
 Compound  monsters, (¥.)  Monstres  com/roses, in
 which  there are the complete or incomplete ele-
 ments  of more than one.
   UNI'TING BANDAGE, (F.) Bandage  nnis-
 8on*.   A bandage  for bringing the edges of a
 wound into   approximation.  The  arrangement 
UNIVOCAL  GENERATION      946                URETHRA
of such a bandage differs according as the wound
is transverse or longitudinal.
  UNIVOCAL GENERATION, see Generation.
  UNOCULUS, Barque. Cyclops, Monoculus.
  UNORGANIZED! Inorganic
  UNSTRIPED  MUSCULAR FIBRE, see Mus-
cular fibre.
   UNWELL, see Menstruation.
  UPAS.  A word  used  in  the Archipelagos of
Molucca  and  Sunda,  and signifying  Vegetable
Poison, I pa, Bolton, Pohon, or Boa or Boon Ujras,
 Upas, Pohon Autiar, Antsjar.   A substance used
by  the natives of  those j?laces for jioisoning their
arrows.   The smallest quantity is capable of de-
stroying  the largest animal.  The tree which
produces it is said to be the Antiu'ris Toxica'ria.
Another species  of upas, U. Tieiiti,  Tshettilc or
 Tjcttek, is the  produce of a Strychnos, S. Tieiiti.
Many idle  stories are told  regarding the upas,
most of which are fabulous.
   U'RACIIUS, U'racus, Urinac'ulttm, from ovpov,
 'urine,' and t^ot, 'I contain.'  (F.) Ouraque.  The
urachus, in certain animals, is a long membranous
 canal, which arises from  the bladder, makes its
 exit from the abdomen by the umbilicus, and ter-
 minates in the pouch called allantois.   According
 to  Sabatier, this  is  the arrangement of  the  ura-
 chus in the human fcetus; but  Bichat and other
 anatomists consider, that when tbe canal exists
 in  it, it is a  malformation.  Tbey regard it  as a
 kind of suspensory ligament of the bladder, ex-
 tending from the  top of that organ to the umbili-
 cus ; and, at the  umbilicus,  confounded with the
 abdominal aponeurosis.
   URACRATIA, Enuresis.
   URACUS, Urachus.
   URjE'MIA, Urlia'mia,(¥.) Urimie, from ovpov,
 'mine,'  and 'atpa,  'blood.'   A condition of the
 blood in which it contains urine or urea.
   URALI, Curare.
   URANA, Ureter.
   URANE. Urinal.
   URANISCONI'TIS, from  ovpavionos, 'the pa-
 late,' and  itis, denoting inflauimation.  Palutltis.
 Inflammation of  the jialate.
    URANISCOPLAS'TY, Urttnlseojilas'fice, from
 ovpnvtoKos, 'the palate,' and  irXtiortKos.  'forming.'
 The operation of  engrafting in  case of deficiency
 of the soft jialate.
   URANISCORRHAPHIA, Staphylorrai>hy.
   URANISCOS,  Palate.
   URANORRHAPHIA,  Staphylorraphy.
   URAPOSTU'MA, Absces'siis urino'siis,  Urce-
 de'ma, from ovpov, 'urine,' and  u^oornjia, 'an ab-
 scess.'   A tumefaction produced by the escape of
 urine.   An abscess containing  urine.
   URARI. Curare.
   URAS, Urate.
    URATE, Uras,  Lithate,  Lithas; from ovpov,
 'urine.'  A generic name for salts, formed by the
 combination of uric or lithic acid  with  different
 bases.   Urate or  Lithate of Soda, for example, is
 found in  arthritic  and  certain urinary concre-
 tions:— Urate or Lithate of Ammo'nia in certain
 urinary dejiosits.
    URE'A,  Uren,  Uren'inm,  U'ricum,  Mate'ria
 udno'sa, Princip'inm  seu Sal uriuo'sum, Neph-
 ritic (¥.) Urie.   Same etymon. A  white, pearly,
 brilliant substance, in transparent  plates,  ino-
 dorous, and of a. cool taste ; very soluble in water ;
 deliquescent, and soluhle in alcohol.  It exists,
 in great quantity, in the urine; and is an essen-
 tial part of it.   It.  has been used  as a diuretic.
 Dose. gr. xv to ^j.
    UREC'CHYSIS. Ureeh'ysis, from ovpov, 'urine,'
 and cKXvots, 'effusion.'  Effusion of urine into the
 cellular membrane.
    UREDO, Urticaria.
    UREE, Urea.
  UREMA. Urine.
  URKJIIE, Ura-mia.
  UREN, Urea.
  URENIUM, Urea.
  URENS. Caustic
  UREORRIKEA, Diabetes.
  URHSLESTHUSIS,  Diuresiaesthesis.
  URESIS, Micturition.
  URE'TER, ovpnrrip.  Same ety^non as Urate.
U'rana. Vena alba renum, Cana'lis tier' reus fistu-
lo'sus renum, Ductua seu Ductor Urlna,  Vas toi-
ntlrium, (¥.) Uretere.  A long, excretory canal
— membranous and cylindrical — which conveys
tho urine from the kidney to the bladder.   It ex-
tends, obliquely,  between the pelvis  of the  kid-
ney, with which it is continuous, and the bas fond
of the bladder, into which it opens.   It enters at
the  posterior and  inferior juirt, for some distance
between  the  coats, and  opens into tbe cavity of
the  bladder, at the posterior angle of the Trigone
visical.   The ureter is  formed  of  an exterior,
white, opake, and fibrous membrane; and of an
inner, which is mucous.
  URETERAL'GIA, from  ovptirnp, 'the ureter,'
and  a\yos, 'pain.'  Pain in the course of the ure-
ter,—as from calculus, Ureterulgia calculo'sa.
  Ureteralgia  C\lculosa, see Ureteralgia—u.
Inflammatoria, Ureteritis.
  URETERE, Ureter.
  URETER'ICUS.  An epithet for ischury, <£e.,
arising from  an affection of the ureter.
  URETERITIS,  Ureteralgia inflammato'ritt,
Ureterojihlegnolsia, from ureter,  and itis, deno-
ting inflammation.   Inflammation of tbe ureter;
generally caused  bv calculus.
  URETERO-LITHTCUS,  from  ureter,  and
\tSos, 'a stone.'   An epithet applied to  ischury
or other affection  caused by a stone in the ureter.
  URETEROL'ITIIUS.  Same etymon.  Calcu-
lus  in the ureter.
  URETEROPIILE(fMASIA,  Ureteritis.
  URETERO-PHLEGMATTCUS, from  ureter,
and &\eyu.u,  'phlegm or mucus.'  An}' affection
caused by mucus accumulated  in the ureter.
  URETERO-PYTCUS, from  ureter, and  n„ov,
'pus.'  An epithet ajiplied to affections caused by
the presence of pus in the ureter.
  URETERORRIIACIA, from ureter, and payn,
'rupture.'   Hemorrhage from the ureter.
  URETERO-STOMAT'ICUS, from ureter, and
oropa, ' orifice.'   That which is dependent  upon
obstruction  of the orifice of the ureter.
  URETERO-THROMBOI'DES,  from  ureter,
$pop(ios, 'grumous blood,' and etios, 'resemblance.'
Ischury from grumous  blood in the ureter.
  URE'THRA, ovpnSpa, Cana'lis seu Jlea'tus sen
Ductus itrina'rius,  Uriua, Ure'tra,  Fis'tnla uri-
na'ria, Iter urina'rium  seu  Urlna; (¥.)  Urethre,
 Uretre, from ovpov, 'urine.'   The  excretory ducts
for the urine in both sexes;  and for the sperm in
man.  In the latter, it is 8 or 10 inches long; and
extends from the neck of the bladder to the ex-
tremity of the penis, in which  its external aper-
ture is situate.   In the male urethra, three jmr-
tions are distinguished:—1.  A Prostatic /notion,
near the bladder, about an  inch and a quarter in
length,  which traverses the prostate gland: —
2. A membranoua portion. Isthmus ure'thra. Pars
ure'thra membrana'cea, from  8 to 10 lines  long,
which is separated from the rectum by the areo-
lar  tissue only:—3.  A  spongy portion, which ex-
pa.ids, anteriorly, to form the  glans, and  which
 commences  at the bulb  of  the urethra.  Bif'ore
 opening externally, the canal has  a dilatation,
 called  the Fossa or Fossic'ula tittrieula'ris.  On
 the interior of  the  urethra two  white lines are
 pc   ejittble — tbe one  above,  tho  other below.
 The latter commences  at the verumontanum; at.d 
URETHRAL
9 47
URINARY
at the surface of this, the ejaculatory ducts, and
prostatic ducts open.   Tbe urethra is lined, in its
whole extent,  by a mucous meinlirane; on which
lire seen, particularly at the bulb, the orifices of
a number of follicular ducts, Lacuna or Sinuses
ofi Jlorgagni.   At  about an inch  and a half from
the opening of the meatus, one of these lacunae is
generally found, much  larger than the  rest, and
is named Lacuna Jlagnii.   The  arteries  of  the
urethra are numerous, and proceed from the in-
ternal pudic,—tbe largest branches entering  the
bulb. The veins follow the course of the arteries.
The lymphatics pass into the inguinal and hypo-
gastric plexuses.  The nerves come from the pu-
dic and  gluteal.  In the female,  the urethra is
only about  an  inch long.   It is wider than  in
man. and  suscejitible  of great  dilatation.  It is
very  wide at its commencement; and  descends
obliquely forwards, to  terminate  at the top of the
 external aperture of the vagina by the multus
 urina'rius.  In its course, it is slightly curved,
 the concavity being forwards.
   Urethra, Blind  Ducts of the, see  Caecus —
 u. Mucous lacunae of the, see Caecus.
   URE'THRAL,  Urethra'lis,  Ure'thricus.  Re-
 lating to tbe urethra.
   URETIIRAL'GIA,  from urethra, and  aXyos,
 'pain.'   Pain in the urethra.  Gonorrhoea.
   URETHIIE, Urethra.
   URETHREMPHRAXIS, Urethrophraxis.
   URETHRITIS, Gonorrhoea.
   URETHROBLENNORRHCE'A, from urethra,
 $\iwa,  'mucus,' and pent, 'I flow.'  Gonorrhoea;
 gleet.
   URETIIROCYSTAUCIIENOTOMIA, see Li-
 thotomy.
   U R E THROCYSTEOANEURYSMATOTOM-
 IA, see Lithotomy.
   URETHROCYSTEOTRACIIELOTOMIA, see
 Lithotomy.
   URETHROHJEMORRHAGIA, Urethrorrha-

   U R E TIIR 0 P n RA X'lS, I fell, ,ci„/,l, ,-„,-'is.
 from urethra, and tppaooor, ' I obstruct.'  Obstruc-
 tion  of the urethra.
   URETIIROPLAS'TIC, Urcthroplas'ticus; from
 urethra, and irXaoooi. 'I form.'  An epithet given
 to the  operation, Urethroplasty, which supplies
 defects in the canal of the urethra through which
 the urine escapes.
   URETHRORRHA'GIA,   Urethrohamnrrha'-
 ijitt,  Caulorrha'gia seu  Hamatu'ria stillatil'ia,
 iioin urethra, and pnyvvjn, '  I break out.' Hemor-
 rhage from the urethra. — Frank.
   URETHRORRHCE'A, from  urethra, and pcor,
 'I flow.'  A  discharge  of any kind  from  the
 urethra.
   URETHROSTENOSIS, Strictu'ra  ure'thra,
  Urosteno'sis,  Uretlirostetlia, (¥.)  Ritricissement
 de ri'ihhre,  from urethra, and crevurois, 'narrow-
 ness.'  Stricture of tbe urethra.
   URETHROTOME,  Urelhrot'omtts,  (¥.)  Ure-
 throtome,  from urethra, and te/jvu), ' I cut.'  An
 instrument so  called  by Le Cat,  with  which he
 divided the skin, and laid  open  the urethra, in
 the operation for  lithotomy.  Also, an instrument
 fir dividing strictures of the urethra.
   URETHROTOMY, Ucethrntom'oi: same ety-
 in.....  An  operation, which consists in opening
 the urethra with the Urethrotome, for the remo-
 \ a) .4" stricture.  See  Ilontonniere.
   URETHRYMENO'DUS,  from  urethra,  nnd
 ',    , 'a membrane.'   That which is caused by a
 men l.rane formed in tbe urethra.
   URETICUS. Diuretic, Urinary.
   UliUTRA.  Urethra.
   I ItETItE. Urethra.
   URETR1S,  Urinal.
  URGINEA SCILLA, Scilla.
  UlilLLMIA,  Uraemia.
  URIAS, Fistula (urinary), Urethra.
  URIASIS. Lithia, Uresis.
  URIC ACID, Ac'ldum u'ricum seu urolith'-
icum  sen  tith'icum,  Lithic,  Urylic,  Calculous,
Bczoiir'dic, Lithia'sic  or Litheilie  Acid, (¥.)
Acide urique.  An acid which exists in  human
urine, chiefly, if not wholly, in the form of urate
of soda or urate of ammonia, and which in com-
bination constitutes  the greater part of urinary
calculi.  It is often deposited from the urine in
health.  See Calculi, urinary.
  URIC OXIDE, Ox'idum u'ricum, Xanthic ox-
ide, Xanthine, Urous acid.  A substance not dis-
covered in healthy urine, although  probably bear-
ing some relation to  the yellow colouring  matter.
It is a very rare ingredient of calculous  concre-
tions, and little is known  either of its  chemical or
pathological history.
  URICUM, Urea.
  URICUS; Urinary.
  URIDRO'SIS, from ovpov, 'urine,' and 'ilpors,
' sweat.'   Urinous sweating.   (F.)  Sueur  ttri-
neuse.
  URINA CEREBELLA, see Cerebella—u. Chy-
li, see Urine — u. Cibi, see Urine — u. Diabetica,
Urine, diabetic — u.  Febrilis, Urine,  febrile — u.
Furfuracea, see  Furfuraceous—u. Galactodes, see
Galactodes—u.  Genitalis, Sperm—u. Jutnentosa
seu Jutnentaria, Urine, jumentous — u. Mucosa,
Cystirrhoea — u. Nephelodcs, see Nepheloid—u.
Oroboides  seu Orobodes,  see Oroboides—u. Peri-
cardii, see Pericardium — u. Potfis, see Urine —
u. Sanguinis, see Urine—u. Vnccae, Urine, cows'.
  URINACULUM,  Urachus, Urinal.
  URINAE PROFLUVIUM, Diabetes —u. Sup-
pressio, Ischuria—u. Stillicidium, Strangury—u.
Substillum, Strangury.
   URINA IRE, Urinary.
  U'RINAL, Ui iuato'iittm, Clicrnib'ium,  U'ratie,
 Urelris,  Urinac'ulum, Urodochium,  Urod'tuhe,
 Urodochc'urn, Uratrtlcium, Jlatra'cium, JIat'ula,
Jlatella;  from urina, 'urine.'  A name given,
1. To certain vessels, used to pass tbe urine into.
2. To reservoirs, of  different shapes and  charac-
ter, which are adapted to the jienis, in cases of
incontinence of urine, and which are intended to
receive the urine as  it  flows off.
  URINALIS,  Diuretic,  Urinary.
   URINARIA, Antirhinum linaria, Leontodon
taraxacum.
   U'RINARY,  Urina'rius, Urinalis,  I'rino'sits,
 U'ricus, Urct'icus, (¥.) Urina ire.  Same etymon.
 That which relates to  the urine.
   Urinary Bladder, Bladder, Vesica  Urina'-
ria,  Cyst is, Urocyslis, (¥.) Vessie.  A musculo-
 membrunous reservoir, intended for the reception
 ofthe urine, until the  accumulation of a certain
 quantity  solicits its excretion.   The  bladder  is
 situate in  the hyjiogastric region,  between tbe
 rectum and pubis in man : and between tbe pubis
 and vagina in the female.  Its upper region  is
 not  covered, except by the peritoneum,  jiosteri-
 orly.  From its centre arises the tirachus.   Its
 lower region is bounded,  anteriorly, by the pros-
 tate,  in man ; and  rests  on the  vesiculae semi-
 nales and  rectum.   In the female, it corresponds
 to the vagina.   Tbe lowest portion of this region
 bears the name Das-fond.  Tbe  anterior surface
 of the organ is not covered by peritoneum.   It is
 attached  to the symjdiysis pubis by a fibro-cel-
 lular  expansion  called  the anterior ligament.
 The  posterior  ligaments  or recto vesical folds ■—
 plica semilmiares — are duplicatures of the peri-
 toneum on  its posterior surface,  which  extend
 from this surface to tbe iect»m in  the  male, aud
 to tbe uterus in the  female.  Tbe bladder is com-
| posed of a serous membrane, formed by tbe peri- 
URINATION
948
URINE  CRUE
toneum ; — of a muscular membrane ;  of a some-
what thick layer of areolar tissue;  and is lined
on  its  inner  surface  by a  mucous membrane,
which  is  sometimes raised up,  here  and there,
in long prominences or columns  by  the muscular
fibres  beneath.   To this condition, the French
anatomists give the term — vessie d  colonues.   In
the bas-fiond the two ureters open, and  the urethra
commences ; and the triangular space, which the
apertures of  these  three  canals leave  between
them,  is called,  by  the French, the  Trigone visi-
cal or  Vesical Triangle,  Trigo'nus seu Trigo'num
reslca seu Lieutau'di, Corpus trigo'nrim.  In the
orifice of the urethra,  which is also  called  the
neck of the  bladder, there is, at its lower part, a
more or less prominent tubercle, which is formed
by the anterior  angle of the Trigone vesical, and
is called  the  Vesical uvula, U'vula vesica, (F.)
Luette visicule.
   The arteries  of the bladder proceed  from  the
hypogastric,  umbilical,  sciatic,  middle hemor-
rhoidal, and internal pudic  Its veins, which are
more numerous than the arteries, open into  the
hypogastric venous plexus.   Its nerves emanate
from the sciatic and hypogastric plexuses; and
its lymphatic vessels pass into  the hypogastric
ganglia.
   Urinary Calculi.  The calculi which form in
the urinary passages.   See Calculi,  urinary.
   Urinary Passages, (F.) Voies urinaires. The
aggregate of canals and cavities  intended to con-
tain the urine  and convey it externally.   These
ways  are  composed of excretory  ducts,  which
form tbe tubular portion of the  kidney  ; of cali-
 ces ; pelvis; ureters;  bladder; and urethra.
   URINATION, Micturition.  M. Beraud elabo-
rately defines it—a function, tbe result  of which
is the expulsion of matters principally solid, but
 held in solution, which have become improper for
 nutrition.
   URINATORIUM, Urinal.
   URINE, Urlna, ovpov, U'ron,  Ure'ma, Lot'ium,
 Lot, Lajiis an'reus,  Omicllma,  Recremen'ta  seu
 Retrimen'ta  vesica,  Aqua  pedum, Aqua, (Old
 Eng.) Stale, Lee, (Prov.) Herrin, Xettiug, Saag.
 An excrementitial  fluid; secreted by  the cortical
 part of tbe kidney; filtered through  the  tubular
 portion;  poured guttatim from the  apices  of the
 tubular papillae into the  pelvis of the kidney ; and
 transmitted by it to the  ureters: which  convey it
 slowly, but in a continuous manner, into the blad-
 der, where it remains deposited,  until  its accumu-
 lation excites a desire to void it.  The  excretion
 ofthe fluid takes place  through  the urethra; and
 is  caused by the action  of the abdominal muscles
 and diaphragm and the contraction of the fibrous
 coat of the bladder.  Urine is transparent; of a
 citron-yellow colour ; of a peculiar  odour, and of
 an  acid,  saline, and slightly bitter taste.  That
 which is passed some time  after taking fluid, is
 less coloured, and less  odorous and  dense than
 that which is voided 7 or 8 hours after eating.
 The first is the Urlna potus,  (¥.) Urine de  la
 Boisson,  Urine of drink: — the  latter   Uri'na
 san'guinis, (¥.) Urine de la digestion.  Urine de
 la coction, Urine citite,  Cocted urine, Urine of di-
 gestion.  Three distinct varieties of  urine may,
 according to Dr.  Golding Bird, be recognised :
 First. That passed some little time  after drinking
 freely of fluids, which  is generally pale,  and of
 low specific gravity —1.003 to 1.009 — Urina po-
 tils.   Secondly. That  secreted after the digestion
 of a full meal;  s. g. 1.020 to 1.028,  or even 1.030
 — Urina chyli sen  cibt.   Thirdly.  That secreted
 independently  of the immediate stimulus of food
 and drink,  as after a night's rest, which  is usu-
 ally of average density—1.015 to 1.025, and pre-
 sents  the  essential characters  of urine—Urina
Bangui nis.
  The  following arc the ordinary constituents of
healthy human urine:—urea, uric acid, [biji]iuric
acid;]  extractive matters, embracing alcohol ex-
tract, sjiirit extract, nnd water extract, with their
respective constituents; mucus; brown colouring
matter of the urine, (haemapbaein ;) red colouring
matter ofthe urine, (uroe'rythrin :)  carbonic, lac-
tic, hydrochloric,  sulphuric, phosphoric, silicic,
and  hydrofluoric acids; soda; potassa: ammo-
nia; lime; magnesia; and peroxide of iron.   The
proportion of solid matters in 1000  parts of urine
may vary  from 20 to 70.   The following  tabic
expresses the relative amounts of the  different
components in every 100 parts of the solid mat-
ter,  according to  the analysis of different ob-
servers :
Be
zelius. Lehmanm  Simon. Marchand.
45.10    49.08   33.80    4s.Hl
 1.50     1.61    1.40    1.69
36.30   28.95
42X0
32.49
Urea,
Uric Acid,
Extractive matter.
  Ammonia, Salts,
  and Chloride of
  Sodium,
Alkaline Sulphates,'  10.30   11.58     8.14   10.18
Alkaline Phosphates,  0.S.8    5.96     6.50    4.57
Phosphates of lime (   j 50    1 97     j 59    j gl
  and magnesia,   )

  Its average specific gravity is about 1.015.  The
quantity passed by the  adult in the 24  hours va-
ries.'  On the  average  it may amount  to  two
pounds and  a  half.  Sometimes,  the  urine, in
health  and  disease, exhibits ajipearanccs  that
have  received special names.  Tbus, that which
is characterized by a deficiency of solid matters
generally, has been called Hydru'ria, ('voorp, 'wa-
ter;') by a  deficiency of urea, Anazotu'ria,  (av,
privative, and azote;)  by a  superabundance of
urea, Azotu'da.   Urine in  wbich tbe  dejiosit
consists of lithic acid, and  the lithates, has been
termed Lithu'ria ;  and  that in which tbe dejiosit
consists of the earthy and earthy-alkaline jihos-
phates, Phosjrlm'ria Ceramu'riit, (ncpnpos, 'potters'
earth,') Ac. Ac.   At times, a pellicle forms on the
surface (Cremor urina)  which consists  of mucus
and some snlts: at others,  there is a cloud, (Xu-
bcc'ttla, mtbes,) towards its  upper part, which  is
called Enaore'vot  when it is suspended, as  it
were, about the middle  of the liquid.   Occasion-
ally, there is a sediment, to which the names Hy-
pos'tasis, Sedimen'tum, Ac, have been given.  (See
these various words.)   The urine is often deserv-
ing of attention  in  disease; but it has  been  con-
sidered a matter of  more importance than it me-
rits.  Some empirics have presumed to jironounce
on the  nature of disease  by simply inspecting it.
See Uroscopy.
   Human urine was, at one time, considered  ape-
rient; and was  given in jaundice, in tbe dose  of
one  or two  ounces.  Cows' urine, Urina  Vacca,
All flower water, was once  used, warm from the
cow, as a purge, in  the dose of Oss.
   Urine  has been  variously  designated  by pa-
thologists, according to its appearance,  Ac, for
example : —
   Urine, Anje'mic, Uri'na  ana'mt'ea.  A  term
used, but not felicitously, for the form of urine
that occurs in anaemia, chlorosis, Ac.—Becquerel.
   URIXE ARDEXTE,Ardentur'me—u. Bloody,
Haematuria — u. de la Boisson, Urine, hysterical,
see Urine—u. Briqneti, see  Lateritious—u. de la
 Coction, see Urine.
   Urine, Crude, (F.)  Urine erne.   Urine that is
thin, transparent, and  but  little coloured, afford-
ing neither cloud nor deposite.
   URIXE CRUE, Urine,  crude — u.  date, see
Urine.
   Urink, Cystin'ic, Cystinn'ria.  Urine contain-
ing cystine  or  cystic oxide  in solution,  or us a
 deposite. 
URINE DE LA  DIGESTION      949
UROGENITAL
  Urine,  Diabi-.t'ic,  Urlna  diabe'tica.  Urine
pa-sed in Diabetes mellitus, Mditn'riu.   It con-
tains a large quantity of sugar analogous to that
of the grape, which may be separated in  the form
of crystals.   In other respects, the urine is very
abundant and very limpid in that affection.
   UIIINE  DE LA DIGESTION see  Urine.
   Urine,  Drop'sical,  is  an  ainnioniacal urine,
often containing much albumen and scarcely any
urea.
   Urine, Dyspkp'tic, has been found to precipi-
tate tannin  abundantly, and to soon putrefy.
   UllIXE  EPAISSE, Urine, mucilaginous.
   Urine, Febrile,  Uri'na febrilis.   Urine dis-
charged in inflammation and inflammatory fever.
   Urine, Filamentous, see Filamentous.
   UtMNE, Fl.or'cULKNT, (F.)  Urine fioconneuse,
is when the fluid is troubled by flocculi, suspend-
ed in  it.
   Urine, Furfura'ceous, see Furfuraceous—u.
Fioconneuse, Urine,  flocculent—u. des Goutteux,
Urine, gouty.
   Urink, Gouty, (F.) Urine des goutteux, con-
tains  much  phosphate  of lime, anil, after severe
attacks of gout, jirecipitates a mixture of the uric
and rosacic  acids.
   UltIXE  HUILEUSE, Urine, oily.
   Urink, Hyster'ical, is clear,  colourless, and
similar to the Urine de la Boisson.
   Uiunk, Icter'ical, contains bile.
   Uiiine, Incontinence of, Enuresis.
   Urine  of  Inflammatory Diseases.  This
is, generally, small in quantity,  and  very high-
coloured.
   Urine, Involuntary Discharge of, Enuresis.
   UlllNE, Jumkn'tous,  Uri'na jumento'sa seu jit-
menta'ria, (¥.) Urine Jiimenteuse.  A  term used,
by the French, for  aniinoniacal urine,  rendered
turbid by a substance similar to  small grains  of
dust,  which  causes  it to resemble the  urine  of
herbivorous animals.
   URINE LACTESCENTE, U.  milky—u. Lai-
tense. Urine, milky.
   Urine, Milky, (F.) Urine lactescente ou lai-
teuse.  White and troubled urine.
   Urine, Mucilag"inous,  (F.)  Urine ipaisse.
Urine  containing much mucus.
   Urink, Nervous. Thin and very liquid urine ;
such as is passed shortly after the attack of ner-
vous diseases.
   Urine  of Nervous  Fevers is generally very
thin; and often deposits  a mixture of  uric and
rosacic acids.
   Uiiine, Oily, (F.) Urine huileuse,\s  that which
pours like oil, or which has an oily pellicle at its
surface.
   Urine, Oxal'ic, Oxalu'ria.  Urine  containing
a salt of the oxalic acid.
   Uiiine, Piiosphores'cent. Phosphorn'ria,PJios-
phu'ria.  Urine which is luminous or phospho-
rescent.
   Uiiine, Purpuric, see Porphyruria.
   Urine, Rick'ety, contains much phosphate of
lime.
   Urine, Sandy, Arenosa urina—u. Stoppage of,
Ischuria—it. Tinue, Urine, thin.
   Urine,  Thin, (F.) Urine tinue.  Urine that is
transparent, slightly  coloured,  and  but  little
dense.
   UR1XFUX, Urinous.
   UKINIF'EROUS,  Urinifier,  (¥.)  Urinifiire,
from ovp,,v.  'urine,' and  fero,  'I carry.'  That
which carries urine.
   Uriniferous Substance of  the Kidney, sec
Kidney.
   Uiunif'erous  Tubes or Ducts of Bklli'ni,
Tilbnti seu  dnc'tus urim'f'eri Belli'ni,  Ttllntli
Bellini seu  recti, Bellinia'ni Ductus, Bcllinia'na
Fis'tula.  The collection  of small tubes,  con-
verging from  the  cortical  part of tbe kidney to
the apices of the  papilla?.  The tortuous urinife-
rous ducts are called  Tubes  ofi Ferrein, Tu'buli
contor'ti seu Ferrd'nii.
  URINIPAROUS, (F.) Udnijiare, from iin'iin,
'urine,' and parere, 'to produce.'  An epithet for
tubes in the cortical portion of the kidney, which
prepare the urine.
  URINODES. Urinous.
  URINOM'ETER, from  ovpov,  'urine,' and pt-
rpov,  ' measure.'   A small hy-
drometer for taking the specific
gravity of urine.  The  urino-
meter suggested  by Dr. Prout
is  divided  into 60 degrees, the
zero being the point at which it
floats  in distilled water.  The
numbers on the scale added  to
1000,  the  specific gravity  of
water, give the particular  spe-
cific  gravity:  thus, supposing
the number cut by the surface
of the liquid to be 30, it would
indicate a  s. g. of 1.030.  The
letters II. S. on the back of tbe
scale mean "healthy standard,"
which ranges from 10° to 2(1°.
  U'RINOUS, Urino'sus,  Uri-
no'des,  (¥.) Urinenx.  Having
the character of urine.   Similar
to urine.
  UROCE'LE, CEde'ma scroti    Urinometer.
uriuo'sum,   Uroschcoee'/e,  Os-
cheocele urina'lis, from  ovpov, and (07X17, 'a rup-
ture.'   A  tumour of the scrotum,  owing to the
effusion of urine into the same, and into the areo-
lar tissue.
  UROCHES'IA,  Urochez'ia, from  ovpov,  and
Xe^etv, 'to go to stool.'   A  discharge of urine by
the bowels.
  UROCRASIA, Enuresis.
  UROCRIS'IA, from ovpov, and sptvor, ' I judge.'
Urocrite'rion.   A  judgment formed either of the
urine, or of disease after insjiecting the uriue.
  UROCRITERION,  Urocrisia.
  UROCYSTIS,  Urinary bladder.
  UROCYSTITIS. Cystitis.
  UROCYSTOCATARRIIUS. Cystirrhcea.
  URODIAL'YSIS, from  oiyov, and  dtaXvais,
'dissolution,  loss  of strength.'   A  partial  and
temporary suspension of the  function of the kid-
ney, such as occurs in the course of most acute
diseases.  A  condition  of the  function  of  the
kidney and of the urine, similar to that observed
in acute diseases, but without local mischief or
preceding inflammatory  fever, has  been  termed,
when  occurring  in  children,  Urodialysis  A'e-
onato'rum; in  the aged, Urodialysis Seiiurn. —
Schonlein.
  URODOCHIUM, Urinal. •
  URODYNTA,  from ovpov, and oSwrj,  'pain.'
Pain during the excretion of  the  urine.
  ITRCEDEMA, Urapostema.
  UROERYT1IRIN, see Porphyruria.
  UROGENTTAL,  Urogenitalis,  Gen'ito-u'ri-
nary, Geu'ito-urina'r'ins.   Relating or appertain-
ing to the urinary and genital apparatus—as tho
'urogenital organs'—Or'gaua urogenita'lia.
  Urogenital Sinus,  Sinus uro-geuita'lis.  A
cavity or canal in  the  embryo of the mammalia
opening externally, in which the  excretory ducts
of the Wolffian bodies, the ureters  and the  effe-
rent parts of the generative apparatus, terminate
internally.   It is  prolonged  into  the  urachus.
Subsequently it becomes separated by a process
of division into a /tars urina'ria and a pars ge-
nitalis. The former, extending towards the ura-
chus, is converted  into the urinary  bladder; 
UROLITIII                9.-.0                UTERINE
whilst from the latter  are  formed  the  vesicula
seminales in the male, and the middle portion of
the uterus in the female.—J. Mulier.
  UROLITIII,  Calculi, urinary.
  UROLITHIASIS, Lithia.
  UKOLUTTIOLOG'TA,  from  ovpov,  \tdos, 'a
stone,' and Xoyos, 'a description.'  A description
of urinary calculi.
  UROLITIIOTOMIA, Lithotomy.
  UROLOGY, Uronology.
  UROMANTI'A, from ovpov, and piavreta, 'di-
vination.'  The art of divining diseases  by sim-
ple inspection of the  urine;  Urosco'pia.  One
professing to be able to do this is called Uromatl-
tes.   Vulgarly, a water-doctor, water-caster.
  UROM'ELES,  (F.)  Uromele,  from  ovpa, 'a
tail,'  and /jeAos, 'a limb.'  A genus of monsters in
which the two  lower limbs are united, very in-
complete, and terminated by a single foot," which
is almost always imperfect,  and the sole of which
is turned forwards. — I. G.  St. Hilaire.
   UROMPH'ALUS. Her'nia  U'rachi.   A mon-
strosity, which consists in  the protrusion of the
urachus at the umbilicus.
   URON, Urine.
   URON'CUS, from ovpov, and ay*,,-, 'a swell-
ing.'   A urinary swelling.
   URONOL'OGY,  Uronolog"ia,  Urology,  Uro-
log'l'a, from  ovpov,  and  Xoyos,  'a  description.'
The part of medicine which treats of the urine.
   UROPHTHISIS, Diabetes mellitus.
   UROPLA'NIA, from ovpov, and xXavn, 'wan-
dering.'  The  presence of urine in other parts
than  the urinary organs.
   UROPOE'SIS, Uroptiie'sis,  from  ovpov, and
Tioutji, 'I make.'  Secre'tio uri'na seu lo'tii. 'The
secretion of urine by the kidney.
   UROPOIESIS, Uropoesis.
   UROPYGION, Coccyx.
   UROPYGIUM. Croupion.
   URORIIODINE, see Porphyruria.
   URORRIIAGIA, Diabetes.
   URORRHCEA, Enuresis, Diabetes.
   UROSCHEOCELE, Urocele.
   UROSCOPIA, see Uromantia.
   URO'SES, from ovpov, 'urine.'  Diseases ofthe
urinary organs.—'Alibert.
   UROS'TEALITH, Urosteallthos,  from ovpov,
 ortap, 'suet,' and Xtdos, 'stone.'  A peculiar fatty
 ingredient  of  urinary calculi,  discovered by
 Heller.
   UROSTENOSIS, Urethrostenosis.
   UROUS  ACID, Uric oxide.
   UROZEMIA, Diabetes — u. Albuminosa, Kid-
 ney,  Bright's disease of the—u. Mellita, Diabetes
 mellitus.
   URRIIODINE, see  Porphyruria.
   URROSACINE,  see Porphyruria.
   URTI'CA, U.  Dioi'ca seu  major seu his'pida,
 Pyr'ethrum,Atlice,Common stinging nettle, (Prov.)
 Ettle, (¥.)  Ortie.  Ord.  Urticaceae.  Sex.  Syst.
 Moncecia Tetrandria.  This  plant has been long
 used for medical and culinary  purposes.   The
 young shoots,  in the  spring, are considered to
 possess diuretic and antiscorbutic properties. The
 pain  produced by its sting is well  known, but it
 is not to be  compared to  the torture occasioned
 by Urtica stim'ulans, and U.  crenula'ta of India ;
 and,  still less, to Urtica urentiss'ima of Timor,
 which is called  by the natives  Daoun  Setan,
 'Devil's leaf,' on account of  the  persistence and
 severity of the pain.
   Urtica Balearica, U.  pilulifera — u. Crenu-
 ]ata. see Urtica—u. Dioica, Urtica — u.  Hispida,
 Urtica—u. Iners magna foetidissima, Galeopsis—
 u. Major, U. dioica—u. Minor, U. urens—u. Mor-
 tua.  Lamium album.
   Urtica Pilulif'era, U. Pilulo'sa seu Roma'na
 seu  Balea'rica, Pill-bearing  Nettle, (¥.)  Ortie
Romaine.   The seed was  formerly given  in dis-
eases of the chest.
  Urtica Pilulosa, U. pilulifera — u.  Romana,
U. jiilulifera — u.  Stimulans, see Urtica.
  Urtica Urens, U. minor,  Dwarf nettle, (¥.)
Ortie brulante.  A lesser variety of  tbe  nettle,
possessing similar virtues.
  Urtica Urentissima, see Urtica.
  Nettles have been used as stimulants to para-
lytic limbs.
  URTICA IRE, Urticaria.
  URTICA'RIA, from urtica, 'a nettle,' (uro, 'I
burn;') Enanthe'sis ttrtica'ria, Ure'do, Scarla-
tina seu Febris seu Pur'pura  urtica'tit, Cniilo'-
sis,  Urtica'ria pored'la,ta, Exanthe'ma nrtiea'-
tum, Ejtinyc'tis prurigino'sa, Febris rubra jirnri-
gino'sa,  Saltans  rosa,  (¥.)   Urticaire,  Fiivre
Ortie,  Porcelaine, Nettle-rash,  Nettle-sjtringe;
vulgarly Hires, Bold Hives;  from urtica,  'a net-
tle,' because the eruption resembles that produced
by the  stings of a nettle.  A disease distinguished
by  those elevations of the cuticle called  wheals.
They have a white top, and are often surrounded
by  a diffuse  redness.   They  excite intolerable
itching, especially when the person  is warm in
bed.  The eruption frequently goes and  comes
once or more in  the 24 hours, and is  generally
dependent upon  gastric  derangement.  In some
peojile, nettle-rash is induced  by shell-fish, eggs,
nuts, Ac.   It is not usually a disease of any con-
sequence, and its  treatment, is limited to  the use
of absorbent laxatives, and simple general means.
Willan  has  described six varieties  of the com-
plaint:— Urtica'ria febrilis,  U.  evanldti,  U.
perstans,  U.  confer'ia,  U. subcuta'nea, and  U.
tubero'sa.
  Urticaria Porcellana, Essera, Urticaria.
  URTICA'TIO,  Cnido'sis, Urtica'tion, from «?•-
tica, 'a nettle.'   A sort of  flagellation, with
nettles;—used with the intention of exciting the
skin.
  URUCU, Terra Orleana.
  URYLIC  ACID, Uric acid.
  USNEA, Lichen saxatilis — u. Florida hirta,
Lichen plicatus — u. Hirta, Lichen plicatus — u.
Plicata, Lichen plicatus.
  USSACU, Hura Brasiliensis.
  USTILAGO, Ergot.
  USTIO, Burn, Ustion.
  USTION, Us'tio, Causis, from ttrere, ustum, 'to
burn.'   The act  of burning or of applying the
actual cautery.  Also, the effect of cauterization;
a burn.
  USTULA'TIO, Ustulo'tion.  Same etymon.  A
pharmaceutical operation  by which  a  substance
is dried by  heat.  It is often restricted  to the
roasting of ores to drive off the volatile matters,
as in tbe case of arsenic.
  USUALIA, Officinals.
  USUS, Habit.
  UTER, Uterus.
  UTERI ADSCENSUS, Hysteria—u. Antever-
sio, Hysteroloxia anterior—u. Carcinoma, Metro-
carcinoma— u. Convulsivus morbus, Lorind ma-
tricis— u. Coryza, Leucorrhoea — u.  Exulceratio,
Hysterelcosis—u. Flexio, Hysteroloxia—u. Incli-
natio,  Hysteroloxia—u.  Obliquitas,  Hysteroloxia
—  u. Pronatio, Hysteroloxia anterior — u. Pruri-
tus, Nymphomania — u. Reflexio eompleta, Hys-
teroloxia posterior—u. Retroversio,  Hysteroloxia
posterior — u. Rheuma,  Leucorrhoea — u. Ulcus,
Hysterelcosis — u. Versio incompleta,  Hystero-
loxia.
   U'TERINE, Uteri'nus, from uterus, ' the womb.'
That which belongs or relates to the womb.
   Uterine  Artery, Arte'ria uterina hypogas'-
trica.   Its  size  is  always  in  a ratio with  the
greater or less state of development of the uterus.
 It  arises  from the hypogastric, either separately 
UTERINUS  FRATER         9"?1               UTRICULUS
Or with the umbilical, or from the internal pudic ;
passes upon  the  lateral parts of  the  vagina,  to
which it gives branches ;  and afterwards ascends
on the sides of the uterus, and divides into a con-
siderable number  of  very tortuous   branches,
which enter the tissue of the organ.
  Uterine Bougie, Sound, uterine.
  Uterine  Brother.   One  born of  the  same
mother,  but of a  different father.
  Uterine Glands,  Utricular glands.
  Uterine Muscle of Ruysch consists of some
fleshy fibres  at  the fundus of the uterus, which
he  regarded  as forming a particular muscle.
   Uterine Sound, Sound,  uterine.
   UTERI'NUS  FRATER.  In  law,  a  brother
bv the mother's  side.
  "UTERO-ABDOMINAL   SUPPORTER,  see
 Belt, Russian.
   UTERO-GESTATION, Pregnancy.
   UTERO Al A NIA, Nymphomania.
   U'TERUS, on&ap, U'tcr, Utric'itlus, Vulva, Loci,
 L.  mulic'brea, Vulva, Venter, Conceptac'iilitin, Jla-
 tri.e, Arvitm seu Ager natu'ra, Ilys'tera, Metra,
 Stent,  Aligns,   Delphys,  Alt-its,   Epompha'lion,
 Gosier,  Jfa'ter, Netlys,'Postrema, the Womb, (Sc.)
  Weam,  (Prov.)  Wem,  (¥.) Matrice,  Sein.  The
 uterus, destined  to lodge the foetus from the com-
 mencement  of conception  till birth, is a hollow
 symmetrical organ, having the shape of a trun-
 cated conoid :  it is situate in the  pelvis,  between
 the bladder and the rectum,  above the vagina,
 and below the convolutions of the small intestine.
 The uterus is flattened from before to behind, and
 is  nearly an inch in  thickness.  It is  two inches
 broad at its  highest  part, and becomes narrower
 towards the  vagina; terminating in a contracted
 portion, called  the  cervix  or neck, to distinguish
 it  from  tbe rest of the organ, called the body.
 From its fundus or upper  portion, the Fallopian
 tubes pass off.   The mouth  is called Os U'teri,
  Os Tinea, Os u'teri extern'um, Orific'l'itm vagi-
 nal?.   At the point, where  the body of the uterus
 is  continuous, below, with  the neck, the cavity is
  slightly constricted, forming what is  sometiraes
  named  the internal orifice, Os u'teri interilum, Os
  interilum, Isthmus seu os'tinm  u'teri,  Orific" trim
  uterinum. Between these is the Cana'lis cervicis.
    The cavity of the uterus is very small, and its
  parietes are thick.  The portion ofthe cavity cor-
  responding with the body is  triangular and flat-
  tened.  Its superior  angles present the extremely
  fine orifices  of the Fallopian tubes.   The cavity
  ofthe neck  is slightly dilated before opening into
  the  vagina.  The uterus  is composed,  1. Of a
  serous membrane.  This is external, and furnished
  by the  peritoneum ;  which is reflected upon  the
  uterus from the posterior surface of the  bladder
  and the anterior surface of the  rectum.  These
  folds of the peritoneum are sometimes called, re-
  spectively', the  anterior and the posterior liga-
  ments.   The former are also named  the vesico-
  uterine and the latter the recto-uterine folds or
  plica semilnma'res.   It forms,  also,  the broad
  ligaments ofthe uterus, Ligamen'ta lata,  Ala ves-
  jrertilio'nis, Re'tia U'teri.  These contain, above,
  the Fallopian tube; beneath and anteriorly,  the
 round ligaments;  and, behind, the ovary.  They
 are two membranous productions or duplicatures
 of the  peritoneum,  sent from the edges  of  the
 uterus  and  posterior extremity of the vagina, in
 a  transverse direction, to  be fixed to, and line,
 the side of the pelvis.   2. Of a mucous membrane,
 which is a prolongation of that of the vagina, and
 extends into the  tubes.   3. Of  a  proper tissue,
 whose thickness is considerable.   It is of a close
 texture: is  "-rayish  and elastic: and resists  the
 instrument that divides it.  Its  intimate  nature
 is but little  known.   During gestation it is truly
 muscular.  The arteries of  the  uterus  proceed
from the spermatic and  hypogastric.  Its veins
follow the same  course, and bear the same name
ns the  arteries.  They are  very tortuous,  and
form large sinuses  in  the parietes of the organ,
called Uterine Sinuses.  Its nerves proceed from
the sciatic and  hypogastric  plexuses.  Its lym-
phatic vessels are  very multiplied;  and during
pregnancy acquire enormous dimensions.   The
changes experienced by the uterus during gesta-
tion, and  after delivery,  are very numerous  and
important to be known.   They regard its situa-
tion, direction, size, shape,  texture, connexions,
vital properties, Ac.
   Uterus,  Abdomen — u.  Anteversion  of  the,
Hysteroloxia anterior.
   Uterus Bif'idus.   A double uterus.   One se-
parated into two cavities.
   Uterus Duplex, Dihysteria—u. Hour-glass
contraction of the, Chaton—u. Inclinatus, Hyster-
oloxia.
   Uterus,  Ir'ritable, Neural'gia ofthe Uterus.
A disease characterized by deep-seated  pain  in
the lower part of the  abdomen,  and in  the back
and loins ; generally diminished  by lying down,
and increased by exercise, and more severe for a
few days  preceding  and during  menstruation.
On examination jter vaginam, the uterus is found
to be tender on pressure, Jletryjierastlie'sis; and
the  cervix  and  body slightly swollen, but  not
usually indurated.  It is an obstinate affection,
but frequently ends of itself after years  of suffer-
ing.  Tbe  treatment  must be, — the horizontal
posture;  local blood-letting to the uterus; emol-
lients:  soothing injections; narcotics, warm bath,
Ac.  See Ilysteralgia.
   Uterus,  Inversion of the,  Inver'sio  U'teri,
Metranas'trophe, ^Edopto'sia  Uteri  inver'sa, (F.)
Inversion ou  Renversement de la J/atrice.  The
uterus, displaced and turned inside out.   This
can only  happen through want of caution on tbe
part  of the medical  practitioner.   It  is a  fatal
accident, unless speedily reduced.   This must be
 done by gradually returning the  superior part, by
 grasping it with the hand, and making the rest
 follow.
   Uterus Masculinus, see Ejaculatory ducts —
 u. Obliquus,  Hysteroloxia—u.  Retroversion of
 the, Hysteroloxia posterior.
   Uterus, Rupture of the, Metrorrhexis,  Hys-
 terorrhex'is, Rnptu'ra seu Perfora'tio Uteri, La-
 ceration ofthe  Womb, (¥.)  Rupture ou Dichirure
 de la  Jlatrice.  This dreadful  accident occurs
 during labour, and is known to have taken place,
 when the child's head suddenly  recedes during a
 pain, with vomiting,  sinking of the pulse,  cold
 sweats, Ac.   When it is evident  that this has oc-
 curred, the hand  must be passed into the uterus,
 and the feet of the child be brought down.
   Cases are on  record,  in  which partial  lacera-
 tions of the uterus have healed, and the patient
 has done well.   This  is a rare event, and not to
 be anticipated.
   UTRICLE, see  Semicircular canals.
   U'TRICLE, Primor'dial,  Utric'itlus primordia'-
 lis.  A delicate membrane, of  protein  composi-
 tion, which lines the cell wall of vegetable struc-
 tures, and  from the exterior of  which  the layer
 of cellulose is secreted.
   UTRICULAR, Utricula'ris; from   utriculus,
 (diminutive of  uter, utris,)  'a small bag or bot-
 tle.'  Relating to  or  resembling a small bag or
 bottle.
   Utricular  Glands,  Glan'dula utricula'res
 seu uterina.   The glands or follicles in the inte-
 rior of the uterus, which  are concerned* in the
 formation of  tbe decidua.
   UTRICULUS, see Ejaculatory ducts, Uterus—
 u. Communis, see Semicircular  canals—u. Lac-
 teus, Reeeptaculum chyli—u. Primordialis,  Utri- 
UVA
95 2
VACCINA
cle, primordial — u. Prostaticus, see Ejaculatory
ducts.
  UVA, Uvula,  see Vitis  vinifera — u.  Inversa,
Paris—u. Lupina, Paris—u. Passu, see Vitis vini-
fera—u. Ursi, see Arbutus  uva  ursi—u.  Vulpina,
Paris.
  Vvje Corinthiace, see Vitis  Corinthiaca.
  Vvje Pass.e, Rhagea, Dried  Grujies,  Raisins,
see Vitis vinifera.
  Uv.« Pass.e  Majores,  see Vitis  vinifera — u.
Passu; minores,  see Vitis Corinthiaca — u. Passae
sole siccatae, see Vitis vinifera.
  UVARIA TRILOBA, see Carica papaya.
  UVATIO, Ceratocele, Staphyloma.
  U'VEA, from ura, 'an unripe grape.'   Tu'nica
acino'sa seu acinifor'mis seu avail's seu aeinulis
seu itdfor'mis seu rhagoides seu uvea seu perfo-
ra'ta,  J/embrana uvea,  Rhagoi'des, Rhox, (¥.)
 Uvie.   Some anatomists have given this name to
the choroid coat of the eye; others, to the poste-
rior layer of the iris, on account of the black and
very tliick varnish that covers it.   See Iris.
   Uvea, Commissure of the, Ciliary ligament.
   UVEE, Uvea.
   UVEI'TIS; a word of hybrid formation; from
urea,  'the  uvea,' and itis,  denoting inflamma-
tion ;  properly,  Rhagode'i'tis.  Inflammation  of
the uvea.   See  Iritis.
   U VIC EN A, Uvula.
   UVIGERA, Uvula.
   U'VULA, diminutive of uva, 'a grape.' Pin-
trac.'ultim fior'nicis  guttura'lis,  Uva, Stajth'yle,
 Tintinnab'itlum, Columella,  Cioil,  Ci'onis, Gar-
ga'reon, Col urn'na oris, Gurgtilio,  Interse/r'tum,
Processus seu Cartiltlgo U'vif'er,Ucig"eiia, Ucof'-
era, Pajl of  the Throat, Himas,  Plectrum, Snb-
litlgua, Sublin'yuium, (Sc.) Pap ofi the Hass, (¥.)
Lnette.  A fleshy appendix or jirolongation, which
hangs from the middle or free edge of the velum
palati.   The uvula has a conical shajie, and is of
a greater or less size in individuals.  It is formed,
especially, by the mucous membrane of the velum
palati; and contains, within it, the azygos uvulae
muscle.  Its use is not clear.
  Also, a small prominence or lobule in the por-
tion of the cerebellum  that forms the posterior
boundary of the fourth ventricle,  U'rn/a  cere-
belli.  It is on tbe median line, and behind tho
nodulus.
  Uvula,  see Vermiform  process  inferior — u.
Cerebelli, see Uvula—u. Decidua.  Stiiphyluudi-raa
— u. Relaxata, Staphyloedema — u.  Vesicas, see
Urinary  bladder — u. Vesical, sec Ui  ary  blad-
der.
  U'VULAR, Uvula'ris, from uvula.  That which
belongs to  the uvula.
  Uvular Glands are small follicles, belonging
to the  mucous membrane covering the uvula.
  UVULARIA, so called from the flowers bang-
ing like tbe uvula [?], Ruscus hypoglossum.
  UVULA'RIA PERFOLIA'TA,  Smaller Btllwnit;
indigenous;  Order,  Melanthaceie ;  flowering in
May and June.  The root, when fresh, is subacrid
and mucilaginous.   A decoction of the plant is
used in  sore mouth.  It is said to cure the bites
of rattlesnakes.
  Uvularia Grandiflo'ra and  U. Sessilifio'lia
have similar j?roperties.
  UVULI'TIS, a word  of hybrid formation, from
uvula,  and ?'*/«, denoting inflammation.  Angi'na
uvula'ris,  Stajtliylilis,  Cionltis,  infiamma'tio
u'vula, (¥.)  Infiammation de la  Lnette,  Falling
down of the Palate.   Inflammation  of the uvula.
When  to a slight degree, Ilyjiostuphijlltis,
V.
  VACCIN, see Vaccina.
  VACCI'NA,  V. jtrimitfena  sen vaccinato'ria
peu anticariolo'sa. Vaccinia, Variola vaccina,  V.
vaceiilica  seu  tuto'ria  seu  tutrix, Exanthelnu
vaccina  seu  antii-ariolo'sttm, Syn'ochti  vaccina,
Em'phlt/sis vaccina inser'tu,  Vttcci'ola,  V. scutel-
la'ta, V. vera, Variola  tuto'ria,  Cow-pox,  Kine
Pock, Inoe'itlated Cow-pox, from uat-ca, 'a cow ;'
(F.) Vaccine.   The cow-pox is a disease of the
cow, arising spontaneously, which, if transmitted
to man by means of inoculation,  may preserve
him fmm small-pox contagion.  The promulga-
tion of  this  valuable  property of the  vaccine
virus is due to Dr. Jenner.  When inoculating
for small-pox in Gloucestershire, in 1775, he was
surprised to  meet with  a number of persons  in
the same district, on  whom  the  insertion of the
virus produced no effect, although they had never
passed  through  small-pox.   On  investigation,
lie  found that  all these persons  had previously
been affected by a pustular  eruption of the cow,
which  they had taken  by milking the animal;
and which eruption they called Cow-pox.  This
discovery induced him to  institute experiments,
and he found that such  preservative effect  actu-
ally existed.  The Vaccine  Virus, Virus Vacc'l-
iimn, (¥.) Vaccin or the fluid of the eruption, is
not now usually taken immediately from the cow ;
experience having demonstrated that it is nearly
as  efficacious when obtained  from  the  human
vesicle.  The characteristic of cow-pox  eruption
is: — a semi-transparent, pearl-coloured  vesicle,
with a circular or somewhat oval base;  its upper
surface, until the end of the 8th clay, being more
elevated at the margin  than in tbe centre; and
the  margin  itself  being turgid,  shining,  and
rounded, so as  often to  extend a little over the
line of the base.  This  vesicle  is filled with clear
lymph, contained in numerous  little cells,  that
communicate with each other.   After the 8th or
9th day from the insertion of the virus, it is sur-
rounded by a  bright red, circumscribed areola,
which varies in its  diameter,  in different cases,
from a quarter of ;m inch to two inches; and is
usually attended with a considerable tumour, and
hardness  of the  adjoining  areolar membrane.
This areola declines on  the 11th or  12th day; the
surface of the vesicle then becomes brown in the
centre; and the  fluid in the cells gradually con-
cretes into a hard,  rounded scab  or crust, of a
reddish-brown  colour,  which at length  becomes
darker, contracted, and  dry, but is  not detached
till three  weeks  after vaccination.   It leaves a
permanent, circular cicatrix,  about five  lines  in
diameter,  and a  little  depressed;  the  surface
being marked  with very minute pits or indenta-
tions, denoting the number of  cells  of which the
vesicle had been comjiosed.  This is tbe jjrogress
of the genuine cow-jiox.  At times, fever occurs
about the 9th or 11th day; but, at others, not the
slightest indisposition is felt.  Aberrations  from
this progress occur,  which must be attended to;
as the same preservative influence is not exerted
by irregular or spurious cow-pox.   If the ei up- 
VACCINAL
953
VAGINAL
tion runs speedily to a height, has an areola too
early, is irregular at its  edges, and contains  pus
instead of a limpid fluid, —it cannot at all be
dejii-nded ujion.
  Small-pox occurs, occasionally, as an epidemic
after  vaccination.  For  a while, the enthusiastic
ndvocates  of vaccination  would  not admit  the
affection to be small-pox;  and, accordingly, they
gave  it the name Varioloid.  It is unquestionably
small-pox, but modified, and greatly divested of
its  terrors  by previous vaccination;  and  it is
said to bajijien  less frequently after vaccination
than after  small-pox inoculation.   Vaccination is.
now practised  everywhere,  except among those
in whom  ignorance and  prejudice  exclude  the
lights of  reason  and  philanthropy.   There is
ground, however, for the belief, that for full pro-
tection revaccination may be occasionally neces-
sary.
  Vaccina Antivariolosa,  Vaccina — v. Primi-
gena. Vaccina—v. Tutoria,  Vaccina — v. Tutrix.
Vaccina. — v. Vaccinatoria, Vaccina.   '
   VACCINAL, Vaccine.
  VACCINA'TTON, Vaccina'tio, from vacca, 'a
Cow;' Cow-jtox  inoculation,  Jenne'rian inocula-
tion.   An  operation which  consists in  inserting
the vaccine virus under tbe cuticle, so that it may
come in contact with the absorbents.  It is ex-
tremely  simple,  and  requires merely  that  the
point  of  the lancet should  be held under  the
cuticle for a short time.  Tbe best time for taking
the matter from the Coto-pox vesicle, for vacci-
nation, is  about  the 7th or  8th da3', before the
appearance of the areola, when it  ought to be
limjiid and transparent.  The most certain  me-
thod  is, to jiass it from  arm  to arm ; but this is
not  always convenient; and, hence it is  taken
upon points or pieces of  quill, or between glasses.
It must, of course, be  softened for use.  This is
done by means of  a little  water, which  does  not
destroy its efficiency.  The scab,  too, which falls
off about the end of three weeks—sooner or later
— is  capable of  communicating the affection, if
dissolved in water; and  this is the most common
method of transmitting the vaccine virus in some
countries.
  VACCINATOR, Vac'cinist.  One who inocu-
lates  for the cow-pox.
   VACCINE, Vaccina.
  Vaccine, Vaccinas, Vaccina'lis, (¥.) Vaccinal;
same etymon.   Relating or appertaining to vac-
cination, as the  'vaccine vesicle,'  'a vaccine phy-
sician.'
  VACCINEL'LA. A  term employed by some
to designate spurious cow-pox.   Vaccinias,  Vac-
ci'ola  spu'ria seu lepro'sa, (¥.)  Vaccinelle,  F«c-
cino'ide.
  VACCINIA, Vaccina—v.  Palustris, Vaccinium
oxycoccos.
  VACCINIST,  Vaccinator.
  VACCINIUM MACROCARPON, see V. oxy-
coccos.
  Vaccin'ium Myrtyl'lus, either corrupted from
hyacinthut, or, and more probably, bacciniurn;
from  bacca,  'berries,'  in allusion  to  its fruit.
 U»7t« ida'a  myrtillus,  Vaccinia  iriyrtil'lus, Vac-
cinium nigrum,  Jli/rtte Berry, Bilberry,  Blea-
berry, Whortle-berry, Black  Whorts, (Sc.)  lilac-
berry, (Prov.) Hnrtleberry,  Wliimberry. (¥.)  Ai-
relle Angnleuse, Raisin de  Bois.  Ord. Vacciniea?.
Sex. Syst.  Octandria Monogynia.   The berries—
Bacca Jlyrtillo'rmn — are esteemed to be anti-
scorbutic,  when  prepared  with vinegar.   They
are also said to possess antiseptic  and sub-astrin-
gent properties when dried.   Tbey are not used
in medicine; but are frequently eaten with milk
and sugar.
  Vaccinium Nigrum. \. myrtillus.        ^
  Vaccinium Oxycoc'cos, Oxyoc'cvs,  0. palua'-
tria, Schollera oxycoccos, Vaccinia palus'tris, Vitis
Ida'a jraliis'tris,  Jloorberry,  Cranberry,  Moss-
berry, Swamp  Redberry, Somlerry,  (¥.) Canne-
berge.  The berries are pleasantly acid and cool-
ing.  They make an  agreeable preserve.   The
common American Cranberry is  from Vaccinium
macrocarjion.
  Vaccinium Pennsyi.van'icum, Low Blueberry.
Tbe leaves and bark of the root are astringent.
  Vaccinium  Punctatum, V. vitis idaea—v. Re-
sinosum, Gaylussacia resinosa.
  Vaccinium   Stamin'eu.m,  Buckberry,  Squaw
Huckleberry,  Deer-berry.  The  leaves of these
plants are astringent.
  Vaccinium  Vitis  Id.e'a, V. puncta'tum,  Vitis
Ida'a punctilio, Am'jielos Ida'a, Rett Bilberry,
(Sc.) Brawl Ins, Alpine Cranberry, ^Whortleberry,
Cowberry,  (¥.) Airel/e ou  Canueberge jiouetuie.
A decoction of tbe leaves  has been  used in cal-
culous  affections.   They  are astringent.   The
rijie berries are pleasantly acid,  and  refrigerant.
 Whortleberries are furnished  by  different species
of Vaccinium.
   U.4CCIXOi'DE, Vaccinella.
  VACCINOIS, Vaccinella.
  VACCINUS, Vaccine.
  VACCIOLA, Vaccina—v. Leprosa, Vaccinella
— v. Scutellata, Vaccina — v. Spuria, Vaccinella
—v. Vera, Vaccina.
  VACILLA'TIO, Tititba'tio, from vacillare, 'to
waver.'   Staggering ;   waddling — cluudica'tio
unalica.
  Vacillatio Dentium, Odontoseisis.
   VAGIN, Vagina.
  VAGI'NA, 'a sheath,' V. mulie'bris seu uteri'-
na seu U'teri seu Penis, Sinus mulie'bris seu Pu-
dir'ris sen Pudeildi, Col ens. Peris, Perin, Coljtos,
Vol co-uterine  canal, (¥.)  Vagin, Conduit de la
pttdeur.   A cylindrical canal, five  or six inches
long;  situate  within  the  pelvis,  between   the
bladder and rectum.  It communicates  by ono
extremity, Aulas, with  the  vulva;  by the other,
Fornix  seu Fundus, with  the womb, Pars  seu
Portia vaginalis u'teri, the neck of which it em-
braces.   The  vagina  is lined, internally, by a
raucous membrane ; and is partly  closed, in young
females,  by the  hymen, and  carunculae myrti-
formes. Around tbe mucous membrane is a layer
of spongy, erectile tissue;  and a cellulo-vascular
membrane.   A  constrictor  muscle;  numerous
vessels  furnished  by tbe vaginal artery, particu-
larly ; veins and nerves,  proceeding  from   the
sciatic plexus, also, enter into  the composition of
the organ.
  The term Vagina or sheath, Theca, is extended
to many jiarts, which serve as envelopes to others.
  Sheath, (¥.) Gaine, is sometimes applied to  the
fascia enveloping the  limbs; to areolar mem-
brane, envelojiing tbe muscles, and entering  be-
tween their fibres; to  that  which surrounds  the
blood-vessels;  to  the  synovial  membranes  sur-
rounding  tendons,  and  lining  the  gutters  of
bones, Ac.
  Vagina  Cordis,  Pericardium — v. Femoris,
Fascia lata, aponeurosis—v. Funiculi Umbilicalis,
see  Funiculus  umbilicalis — v. Glissonii, Capsule
of Glissou—v.  Malleolaris  externa, Retinaculum
tendinum  jierinaooruin—v. Muliebris,  Vagina—v.
Muscularis, Perimysium — v.  Nervorum, Neuri-
lemma—v. Penis. Vagina—v.  Pili, see Hair—v.
Portae, Capsule of Glisson— v. Uterina, Vagina.
  Vagina  of  the Vena Porta. Sheath ofi  the
Vena Porta, (¥.) Gaine de In  Veine parte, is the
areolar meinlirane that accomjninies the divisions
of the vena jiot-tn into the substance of the liver.
  VAGIX.E  SYNOVIALES, Bursae  mucosas.
  VACCINAL. Vagina'lis,from vagina, 'asbeuth.'
Relating or pertaining to a sheath.
  Vaginal Artery.   This exists, as  a matter of 
VAGINITIS
9 5
4
VALVULA
course, only  in  the female.  It arises from the
hypogastric or from the uterine, vesical,  internal
pudic, umbilical,  Ac, and sends its branches,
first to the lateral  parts of the vagina, and after-
wards to the  anterior and posterior surfaces.
  Vaginal Bil'iary  Plexus.  A plexus  of rami-
fications  of the  hepatic duct through the capsule
of <ilissom
  Vaginal Branches of the Vena Porta are
those which  have  to jiass through the sheath of
the capsule of Glisson,  previous  to  entering the
interlobular  spaces.  In  this  course, they  form
the  vaginal  plextte.   There  are, also,  vaginal
branches, and a vaginal plexus  formed by the
hejiatic artery.
  Vaginal Coat of the  Eye, see Eye.
  Vaginal Coat  of the Testicle,  Tu'nica Va-
ginalis  seu Elytro'i'des seu Elytra'des, is the se-
rous membrane  which envelops the testicle.  Be-
fore  the descent of the  testicle,  the tunica  vagi-
nalis does not exist.  It  is formed by a prolonga-
tion, furnished by the peritoneum to the testicle
when it issues  from  the  abdomen.   The tunica
vaginalis forms  a close sac, investing the testicle
and  epididymis, without  containing  them in its
cavity, and reflected so as to form a  bag around
the circumference  of the testis; hence it is divided
into  Tu'nica vaginalis jtro'jiria  and Tallica va-
tjina'lia  refiex'tt.  Between the  two layers, the
inner surface is  smooth, and  lubricated  by a
serous fluid.
   Vaginal Ganglia, see Spermatic ganglion.
   Vaginal Plexus, see Vaginal branches ofthe
vena porta.
   Vaginal  Process of the  Temporal Bone,
(F.)  Apojrhyse vaginnle ou engainante, Gaine de
I'apophyse stylo'ide, Chaton, is a bony crista, which
embraces the base of the styloid  process.
   Vaginal Pulse, Pulse, vaginal.
   VAGINITIS, Leucorrhoea (vaginal.)
   VAGINO-VESICAL,  Vesico-vaginal.
   VAGISSEJIENT, Cry, Vagitus.
   VAGT'TUS. (F.)  Vagisscment.  The cry of the
new-born  child.   Squalling.
   Vagi'tus  Uteri'nus.   The cry of the child in
utero.
   VAC US NERVUS, Pneumogastric
   VAIRON (¥.), Disjtar oc'ulus.   One  who has
 eyes of  different colours.  It also means a wall-
 eyed animal, or  one whose iris is  surrounded by a
whitish  circle.
   VAISSEAU, Vessel — v.  Sanguin, Blood-
vessel.
   VAISSEAUX   CAPILLAIRES, Capillary
vessels—v.  Chylifieres,  Chyliferous  vessels — v.
 Lactis, Chyliferous vessels—v. Lactiferes, Lacti-
ferous vessels — v. Ombilicaux, Umbilical vessels
— ?\ Tonrbillonnis, Vasa vorticosa.
   VALANIDA, Fagus sylvatica.
   VALANTIA  APARINE, Galium  aparine.
   VALERIAN, AMERICAN, Cypripedium lu-
 teum, Valeriana pauciflora—v. Garden, Valeriana
phu — v. Greek, Polemonium  reptans — v. Offici-
nal,  Valeriana—v. Wild, Senecio aureus, Valeri-
ana, V.  pauciflora.
   VALERIA'NA, V. officina'lis seu minor, Len-
c.oluch'anum, Wild or Offic'lnal  Valerian.   Ord.
Yalerianaceae.   Sex.  Syst. Triandria Monogynia.
 The root,  Valeria'na (Ph. U. S.), has been  long
extolled as an efficacious remedy in  epilepsy, and
in a variety  of nervous complaints.   It has been
also  advised as a tonic,  antispasmodic,  and em-
menagogue.   It has  a  strong, fetid  odour; bit-
terish, subacrid, and warm taste; and its virtues
are  extracted by  water  and  alcohol.  The dis-
tilled oil is officinal in the Pharmacopoeia of the
United States.
   Valeriana Capen'sis, a South  African  spe-
cies,  has similar virtues.
  Valeriana Celt'icA, V. Saxat'ilis, Sjiica CeV-
tica seu Ccl'tica Dioscor'itlis seu Al/ii'iot, Nardus
Celtiea,  Saliinlca,  Nardum  Gallicum,  Celtic
Nard,  (¥.)  Nard  Celtitjite.   The  roots  of  this
Alpine plant have been  recommended as a sto-
machic, carminative  and diuretic.   It has a mo-
derately strong smell, and a warm, bitterish, sub-
acrid taste.
  Valeriana Denta'ta, F.  locus'ta, Com Salad.
A wholesome,  succulent plant, cultivated in  Eu-
rope as a salad.   It is antiscorbutic and gently
aperient.
  Valeriana  Major, V. phu—v.  Locustn, V.
dentata — v. Minor, Valeriana — v.  Officinalis,
Valeriana.
  Valeriana  Pauciflo'ra, American  or  Wild
 Vale'riun, and  V.  sylvatica, have  the properties
of the  other Valerians.
  Valeriana  Phu,  V. major, Garden Valerian,
(¥.)  Grande Vttlidane.  The  root has  been  re-
commended in rheumatism; especially in sciatica,
and in epilepsy.
  Valeriana  Saxatilis, V. celtiea — v. Spica,
Nardus Indiea— v.  Sylvatica, see  V. pauciflora.
   VALERIANE, GRANDE, Valeriana phu.
   VALET  A  PAT1N  (¥.),  Volsella Putlni.
The common ligature forceps is a modification of
this  instrument invented by one Putin.  It con-
sists of two branches, united at the middle by a
hinge,  which may be separated or approximated
by means of a screw or running ring.  It is used
for seizing hold of vessels that are to be tied.
   VALETUDINAIRE, Valetudinary.
  VALETUDINARIUM, Hospital.
  VALETUDINARIUS, Sickly, Valetudinary.
  VALETU'DINARY, Valetudimlrian, Valetu-
clina'rius, fnvalidtia, (¥.)  Vuletudinaire, from
vtiletndii,  'health,' valeo, 'to  be well.'   One of
delicate health.  One subject to frequent diseases.
An Invalid.
  VALETUDO, Sanitas—v. Adversa, Disease—
v. Bona, Sanitas—v. Commoda, Sanitas—v. Se-
cunda, Sanitas.
  VALGUS, see Cnemoscoliosis and Kyllosis,
  VALIGA, Tinctura jalapii.
  VALITUDO, Sanitas.
  VALLECULA,  Valley—v. Unguis, see Nail.
 _ VALLEY, Vallec'ula,  V. Reil'ii, (diminutive
of vullis,  'a valley.')  (F.)  Grand Scissure  Jli-
diane du  Cervelet.    The  deep fissure on the infe-
rior part of the cerebellum, which divides it  into
two symmetrical portions.
  VALLUM.  The eyebrow or supercilium. Also,
a species  of bandage. — Galen.
  VALS, MINERAL WATERS OF.  A French
acidulous chalybeate at Vals, six leagues from
Viviers, in  the  department of Ardeche.  There
are five springs, containing carbonic acid,  sul-
phate of iron, and alum.  They are employed in
passive hemorrhages, leucorrhoea,  Ac
  VALVE, Valvula, Diclis, (¥.)  Valvule, from
valra, 'folding-doors,' itself from volvo, 'I  fold
up.'   A small door.   Any membrane or duplica-
ture of a membrane, which  prevents a  reflux of
humours  or other  matters  in the vessels  and
canals  of the  animal body.    There are somo
valves, whose functions appear to  be, — to retard
or to modify the course of substances along canals,
Ac.  See mitral,  sigmoid,  tricuapid,  ileo-coecal
valve, Ac.
  Valve of Fallopius, Bauhin,  valve of—v.
Ileo-coecal,  Bauhin,  valve of—v. Ileo-colic, Bau-
hin,  valve of—v. of Tulpius, Bauhin, valve of—v.
of Varolius, Bauhin, valve of.
  VALVES, KERKRINCIAN, Valvulae conni-
ventes— v. Semilunar, Sigmoid valves.
  VALVULA, Valve—v. Caeci, Bauhin, valve of
—v. Cerebelli, Valvula Vieussenii—v. Coli, Bau- 
VALVULE  BICUSPIDALES    95
VARICOCELE
hin, valve  of—v. Foraminis  ovalis, Ovalis fossa
— v.  (jiiiffartinna,  see Tbebesius, veins of—v.
llei,   Bauhin,  valve of—v. Magna  Cerebri, V.
Vieussenii.
   Valvula  Semilunaris, Plica  Semiluna'ds
seu lunula, Jlemlirait'ula semilttna'ris conjuncti-
va.  A small doubling of the tunica conjunctiva,
which lies between the caruncula lacrymalis and
the ball of the eye.   In birds, this is large, and
called Membra'na nic'titans seu Palpebra ter'tia.
   Valvula Tarini,  Velum medullare  posterius
— v.  Thebesii, see Tbebesius, veins of—v. Va-
ginae, Hymen — v. Venaa magnae, see Thebesius,
valve of.
   Valvula Vieusse'nii,  V. cerebel'li  seu Wil-
lisia'na seu magna cer'ebri, Velum Vieusse'nii seu
interjec'turn cerebelli,  V. apojillysi vermiformi ob-
tentum, V. medulla're seu mctlulltlre atitlcum seu
ante' rins, Lncu'ton -ventric'uli quarti superior, (¥.)
 Valvule de Vieussens, Voile midullaire sujiirieure.
A thin, medullary lamina, over the under end of
the Aqiueduetus  Sylvii  and upper  part of  the
fourth ventricle.   At the sides of the valves  are
two medullary tracts, called Processus ad 'Testes,
 Culum'na  Valvula  Vieussenii or  Oblique inter-
cer'ebral Com'missure.
   Valvula Wii.lisiana, Valvula Vieussenii.
   VALVULE BICUSPIDALES, Mitral valves.
   Valvul/E  Conniven'tes,  V.  C.  Kerkrin'gii,
Plica conniven'tes, Kerkrin'gian valves.  Nume-
rous circular folds in  the  intestinal canal from the
pyloric orifice through  the greater  part of tbe
small intestine.  Tbey are folds  of  the mucous
membrane,* and  their chief use appears to be, to
retard the course of the alimentary mass, and to
afford a larger surface for the origin of chyliferous
vessels.
   Valvule  Cordis,  Ostiola cordis—v. Cordis
mitrales,  Mitral valves — v. Triglochines, Tricus-
pid valves — v. Trisulcaa, Tricuspid valves.
   VAL VULE, Valve—v. d'Eustache, Eustachian
valve—v. de Pylore, see Pylorus—v. de Vieussens,
Valvula Vieussenii.
   VALVULES, V. Ftjtiscopales, Mitral valves—
v. Signio'ides ou Semilunaires, Sigmoid valves.
   VANDEL'LIA DIFFU'SA.  A native of Bra-
zil, Guiana and Isle of France;  Order, Scrophu-
lariace*; is used there  as  an antibilious emetic
nnd   antiperiodic; and is. regarded as an effica-
cious remedy in  malignant fever and dysentery,
especially  in  cases connected with a disordered
state  of the liver.
   VANELLOE,  Vanilla.
   VANIL'LA, Banilia,  Banilae, Banilloes, Ba-
nilia, Bcnzo'enil, Ar'acue  aromat'icus, (¥.)  Va-
tiille. Baume de  Vanille.   The Vanelloe—Siliqua
vanilla seu Banilia seu Vaniglia seu vanillia
seu  AC ad aromat'ici — is a long,  flattish pod;
containing, under a wrinkled, brittle  shell, a red-
dish-brown fiulp, with small, shining, black seeds.
The jiarasitic  plant which affords this pod is  the
Epiden'dritm   Vanilla,  Vanilla aromat'ica  seu
Mexica'na, and other species.  Family, Orchida-
cete.   Sex. Syat.  Gynandria Monandria.  Vanel-
locs  have an  unctuous, aromatic taste, and a  fra-
grant smell, like that of some of the finer bal-
sams, heightened with musk.  Although chiefly
used  as  jierfutnes, they  are reputed to possess
aphrodisiac virtues.
   Vanilla Aromatica, see Vanilla.
   VAPFUIIS,  Hypochondriasis, Hysteria,
   VAPOR  SANGUINIS, Gaz sanguinis.
   VAPORA'RI I'M,   Atmiste'rion,   Laconl'eum,
Pt/'ria, Pyriate'rimn, Va/xair bath,  from vapor,
'steam.'  A useful remedy in  rheumatic and cu-
taneous  affections; and wherever it is important
to relax  the cutaneous capillaries.   In the Rus-
sian  Vapour  Hath, the  vapour  is produced  by
 throwing water over hot stones.  Its temperature
 is from 122° to 145°.
   Vaporarium, Hypocaustum, see Stove.
   VAPORATIO.  Evaporation.
   VAPORES  UTERLNI, Hysteria.
   VAPOUR, Flatulence—v. Bath, Vaporarium.
   VAPOURISH, Hypochondriac, Hysterical.
   VAPOUROUS, Windy.
   VAPOURS, Hyjiochondriasis, Hysteria.
   VAPOURY,  Hypochondriacal, Hysterical.
   VARA, Barre.
   \ AREC, Kelp — v.  Visiculeux,  Fucus vesicu-
 losus.
   VARENI, Ambulo-flatulentus, Gout (wander-
 ing-)
   VARICE, Varix.
   VARICEL'LA, (diminutive of Variola, Small-
 pox,) Em'phlysis  seu  Exanthe'ma  seu Syn'ochus
 varicella,  Variola  lymphat'ica  seu  spu'ria  seu
 sylves'tris,  Variola notha seu illegit'ima -eu vo-
 lat'ica  seu pttcella,  Pseudo-variola, JEollion,
 JSo/lium, Chicken pox, (F.) Varicelle,Pitite virole
 volatile,  Virolette,  Fausse  variole.   A disease
 characterized by vesicles  scattered  over the body,
 which  are  glabrous, transparent, and about the
 size  of peas.   They appear in successive  crops,
 are  covered by a thin pellicle, and,  about the
 third, fourth, or fifth day from  their appearance,
 burst at the top, and  concrete  into small,  puck-
 ered scabs, which rarely leave a pit  in the skin.
 Three varieties have, sometimes, been designated.
 I.  The  V. lentifiormes, or lenticular chicken jtox,
 which  are  irregularly  circular, and  flattened on
 the  top; the fluid  being at first whitish, and af-
 terwards  straw-coloured.  This is  the  common
 chicken pox.  2. The Varicella  conifior'mis, Penl-
 jihigus variolo'des, Variola lymphat'ica, Hydracll-
 nis,  Conoid'al  Chicken Pox, Swine Fox,  Water-
 Pox,  Water Jags, in which  the  vesicles  are
 generally  acuminated, and  the  fluid  pellucid
 throughout; and, 3dly, the Varicella globula'ris
 or Hives, in which  the vesicles are globular  and
 larger;  the fluid being,  at first, whey-coloured,
 and  afterwards yellowish.  These  divisions are,
 however, very  arbitrary, for tbey are generally
 confounded.
   Hornjrox is a papular variety of varicella.
   Variola has been, sometimes, mistaken for this
 disease, and conversely.  A little attention  to the
 history of the eruption in the two affections will
 prevent error.  Varicella is not contagious.   At
 times,  it prevails   epidemically.  It  cannot be
 propagated  by inoculation.   The  treatment  is
 extremely simple;  rest, abstinence,  and the an-
 tijihlogistic regimen, being all that is generally
 required.   See Varioloid.
   Varicella Varioloidea, Varioloid.
   VARICELLAR FEVER, see Varioloid.
   VARICIFOR'MES  PARAS'TATA.  A name
 given,  by some authors,  to the ducts of the ejii-
 didymis, because  they seem knotty and varicose.
   VARICOBLEPHARON, from varix, vadds,
 and (lXs<papov, 'eyelid.'  A varicose tumour of tbe
 eyelid.
   VARICOCE'LE, from  rarix, varicis, and miXr),
 'a tumour;' Oscheoce'le  varico'sa, Her'nia vari-
 co'sa, Ramex varico'sns,  Sjiermatocele, Cirsoee/e.
 A varicose dilatation of the veins of the scrotum
 and  spermatic  cord.   This latter varietv of tho
 disease is  more common  on the left side than the
 right.   It appears under the  form  of  a soft,
 doughy, unequal,  knotty, compressible,  and in-
 dolent tumour, situate in the course of the cord,
 and  increasing from below  upwards.  It is  less
 when the individual is in the recumbent  posture,
 and increases when he is  erect.   It is, ordinarily,
 an affection of  no moment, and is  very common,
 requiring  merely  the use of a projier suspensory
| bandage.  It has been advised, in bad cases, to 
VARICOMPHALUS         95
6        VASA  ABERRANTIA
tie the enlarged  vein, but  the  operation  is  not
free  from danger induced  by phlebitis.  Sir A.
Cooper has proposed the removal of a portion of
the scrotum, so as to render the remainder of the
scrotum a natural bandage.   This  plan  has been
found effectual.
  YARICOM'PHALUS, from varix, varicia, and
op,<iiaXos, 'the umbilicus.'  V aricose tumour of the
umbilicus ; cirsomphalus.
  VAR'ICOSE, Varico'sus,  (¥.) Vadqueux.
From varix, varicis.  Affected with varix; or be-
longing to, or connected with, varix :—as a i?a/-i'-
cose vein,  a varicose ulcer, that is, one kept up by
varices.
  VARICOSITAS, see Varix —v.  Conjunctivae,
Cirsophthalmia,
  VARICOSITY, see Varix.
  VARIC'ULA,   Varix jiarva.   Diminutive of
varix.  Also,  a varicose swelling of the veins of
the tunica conjunctiva. — M.  A. Severinus.
  VARI'OLA, Variola, V. vera, Varioli, Ernjty-
e'sis  Variola, Eujtlilog" ia,  Chaspe,  Pestis  seu
Febris vnriolo'sa, jEolec'tliyma, Small-Pox, Pox
{N".  of England); from ruriits, 'spotted,' or from
van', 'pimples;'  (F.)  Variole, Petit Virole,  Pi-
cole.  A disease,  now of somewhat less interest
than before the  discovery of vaccination.  It is
of a very contagious nature,  and is supposed to
have been introduced into Europe from Asia, at
an  early period of the middle  ages.  It is charac-
terized  by fever,  with  pustules appearing from
the  third  to the  fifth  day, and suppurating from
the  eighth to the  tenth, and it possesses all the
distinctive properties of the major exanthemata.
It  is capable of being produced by inoculation,
but this  inoculated small-jrox — Variola inser'ta
—■communicates  the disease as readily through
the  air as the natural small-jtox, or that received
without inoculation.
   Small-pox  is  distinguished  into two classes,
according to  the  character of the  eruption,  the
diacrete or diatinct, and the confluent.   1. In Va-
riola Discre'ta, Etnjryeais variola diacreta,  Va-
riola  discreta benig'na. Variola  regulares  seu
discreta.  Distinct  Small-pox, the  pustules  are
usually of tbe size of peas ;  distinct, distended,
nnd circular; the intervening spaces being red;
the fever inflammatory throughout, and ceasing
when  the eruption is complete.  2. In  Variola
Con'fluens, Empyesis variola confiuens, Variola
rcgnlilres eonfinen'tes, Vesic'ula Diva Bar'bara,
 Visicules de  Sainte-Itarbe, Confluent Small-pox,
the pustules are confluent, or  run  together;  flac-
cid  and irregularly circumscribed;  the  interven-
ing spaces  being  pale, and  tbe  accompanying
fever typhoid.   In children, diarrhcea, and, in
adults, ptyalism, with swelling  of  the hands  and
feet, generally appear, towards the period of the
eec'ondary fever,  which occurs  from the tenth to
the thirteenth day.  The fever that precedes and
accompanies  tho eruption is  called the  Eruptive
fever.  The prognosis  is favourable in the  dis-
tinct kind, if properly managed.   The  confluent
is always dangerous,— the unfavourable symp-
toms being — flattening of the pustules, or subsi-
dence of the  eruption ; the breathing becoming
much obstructed  or  oppressed ; or marks of in-
flammatory and congestive affections occurring in
the different viscera.   The  treatment of the  dis-
tinct kind is  very simple:  the  antiphlogistic re-
gimen being all that  is necessary.  The  confluent
kind requires the  same management as  typhus
fever.
   AVhen the pimples  are confluent in patches, the
patches, being,  however, separated by intervals
of  unaffected  skin : it  constitutes  the  clustered,
coherent, or corymbose variety—Variola corym-
bo'sa.
  Variola Amboinensis, Framba>sia—v. Oorym-
bosa, see Variola—v.  Inserta, Variola (by inocu-
lation)— v. Lympbutica, Varicella — v. Mitigata,
Varioloid.
  Vari'olA  sine  Vari'olis, Variolous  Fever.
These terms are applied to cases occasionally ob-
served during the prevalence of variola, in  which
the constitutional phenomena are present without
the cutaneous eruption.
  Variola Spuria, Varicella—v. Vaccina, Vac-
cina— v.  Vaccinatorum, Varioloid.
  VARIOLiE, Variola—v. Equina?, see Crease—
v. Illegititnae, Varicella—v. Modificata-. Vario-
loid—v. Nothae, Varicella—v. Pucelhe, Varicella
— v. Sylvestris, Varicella — v. Tutoriae, Vaccina
— v. Vera?, Variola—v. Yolatica?, Varicella,
  VARIOLATION, Inoculation (Small-pox.)
   VARIOLE, Variola.
  VARIOLI, Variola.
   VARIOLIQUE, Variolous.
  VAR'IOLOTD,  Variolois,  Varioloi'des,  Vari-
ola modifica'ta seu mitiga'ta seu vaccinato'rum,
 Varicella (of  some).  Varicella  Variohiidea,
from  variola, small-pox, and itSos, 'form,' — re-
sembling  small-pox.   This is, really, small-pox,
modified by previous inoculation or vaccination;
and hence it has been properly called modified
small-pox. That it is small-pox is proved  by  the
fact, tbat  matter, taken from a varioloid pustule,
will communicate small-pox to one who has never
been vaccinated.   It  is, almost always, a  milder
disease than  small-pox ; and this  circumstance,
with  its shorter duration, exhibits tbe  salutary
effects of previous vaccination or inoculation.  It
has appeared epidemically.
  Occasionally, when varioloid is epidemic,vario-
loid or varicellar fever occurs  without  the erup-
tion.   This is the varicella sine  varicellis  of
Mr. Erasmus Wilson, who calls  varioloid, vari-
cella.
  Varioloid Fever, see Varioloid.
  VARIOLOIS, Varioloid.
  VARI'OLOUS,   Variolo'siis, (¥.)  Variolique.
Relating or belonging to variola.
   VARIQUEUN, Varicose.
  VARIX, genitive varicis, Phlebeurys'ma, Phle-
bec'tasis, Her'nia  seu Ecta'sia vena'rum, Ani/iec-
ta'sia  veno'sa, Ix'ia, Cirsus,  Cedma,  Varicose
 Vein,  (¥.)  Varice,  is  considered, by some, to
come from the verb vadare,  ' to turn,' ' to twist,'
—on account of the sinuosities of varicose veins.
Dilatation of a vein ;  Varicos'itas,  Varicosity.
Varices are  owing  to  local  retardation of  the
venous circulation ; and, in some  cases, to relaxa-
tion of the parietes of the  veins.   They are very
common in  the  superficial  veins of the  lower
limbs, especially of pregnant  females.  Tbe  tu-
mour or  tumours, formed by varices, are soft,
knotty, unequal,  indolent,  and   livid; without
pulsation, and yielding readily to the impression
of the finger;  but  returning as soon as the com-
pression is discontinued.  Sometimes, the vein
bursts and gives rise to hemorrhage.   The treat-
ment is usually palliative, and consists in exert-
ing a uniform and  constant pressure upon  the
part,  by means of an ajipropriate bandage.  The
radical  cure  has,  also, been  obtained by extirpa-
tion, division of the vein, or ligature.  The  second
course is apt to be followed by phlebitis.
  VAROLI,  BRIDGE OF, Pons Varolii.
  VARUS, Acne,  Ionthus,  see  Entogonyancon
and Kyllosis — v. Mentagra, Sycosis.           ,
  VAS, Vessel, Penis—v. Deferens mulieris, Tuba
Fallopiana—v. Urinarium,  Ureter.
  VASA  ABERRAN'f IA.    Peculiar ramifica-
tions of the biliary duct in the liver are so called
by E. H.  Weber. — Kolliker. 
VASCOA  AMPLEXICAULIS     957
VEIN
  Vasa  Absorbentia,  Absorbent  vessels — v.
Afferentia,  see Afferent and Efferent—v. Capilla-
ria, Capillary vessels—v. Chylif'era seu Chylofera,
Chyliferous vessels.
  Vasa  Chylopoet'ica  Urinif'era.   Blood-
vessels, which, according to Lippi, convey drinks
from the chyliferous vessels to the renal veins.
  Vasa Eieerentia, see Efferent—v.  Exhalan-
tia, Exhalant vessels—v. Ilydragoga, Lymphatic
vessels — v. Inferentia, see Afferent and Efferent
—v. Lactea, Chyliferous vessels,  Lactiferous ves-
sels—v. Mcningea, Meningeal vessels—v. Sedalia,
Haetnorrhoidal vessels—v.  Lymphatica, Lympha-
tic  vessels—v. Nutrientia, Vasa vasorum—v. Nu-
tritia, Vasa vasorum — v.  Recta, see Rete  testis
— v. Resorbentia, Absorbent vessels, Lymphatic
vessels — v. Serosa, see Capillary vessels.
  Vasa  Vaso'rum,  V  nutrit'la  seu nutrien'tia.
Small  vessels   that  supply  larger.   However
minutely a vessel is  traced,  its  parietes will be
found  supplied with blood for its nutrition by a
smaller vessel.
  Vasa  Vortico'sA, (F.)  Vaisseaux tourbillon-
nis, Tom-billon  vascnlaire.  The contorted  ves-
sels which  creep on the choroid coat of the eye ;
ciliary veins.
   VASCO'A AMPLEXICAU'LTS.  A South Af-
rican shrub, Xat. Ord.  Leguminosae, the roots of
which  taste  like liquorice.   They  are used, in
decoction,  in catarrh and phthisis, and are a good
substitute  for liquorice.
   VASCULA SERPENTINA, see Testicle.
   VAS'CULAR, Vascula'ris, Vasculo'sus, Angel-
al, (¥.)  Vascnlaire, from  vas, vast's, ' a  vessel,'
vasculum, 'a little vessel.'   That which belongs
or  relates  to vessels; — arterial, venous,  or lym-
phatic ; but generally restricted  to  blood-vessels
only.  Full of vessels.   Bichat gave  the  name
 Vascular system, Syste'ma vaso'rum, Hamatau'-
lica, to the blood vessels,  and  of  this he  made
two divisions.   1. The  Arterial system,  or System
of red blood,  (¥.)  Systeme vascnlaire  d sang
rouge, which commences with the radicles of the
pulmonary veins;  and includes the pulmonary
veins, the  left cavities of the heart, and the aorta
with all its ramifications.   The blood,  in this
 system,  is distributed  to  the general  capillary
 system, where it loses its arterial quality  nnd be-
 comes venous.   2. The  Venous system  or  Vascu-
 lar system  ofi black blood, (¥.) Systhne  vascnlaire
 d sang noir, carries  the blood from  every part of
 the system to the lungs.  It takes its origin in
 the general  capillary system;  continues in  the
 veins, right auricle,  and  ventricle  of  the heart
 and the pulmonary artery and its  branches, and
is finally lost in the capillary system of  the lungs.
 See Circulation.
   Vascular Layer, see  Tache  embryonnaire —
v.  Radicals, Radical vessels—v.  Substance  ofthe
 Kidney, see Kidney—v. System, see Vascular—
 v.  System,  intermediate,  Capillary system—v.
 System, peripheral, Capillary system—v. Tumour,
 see Hasmorrhois.
   VASCULAR'ITY.  Vascular'itas, (F.)  Vascu-
 lariti.   The state of being vascular,  or largely
 supplied with vessels.
   VASCULUM, Penis, Vessel.
   Vas'culum Aber'rans, Appendix to the Epi-
didymis.  A small convoluted  duct, of  varialile
leno-th, o-enerally connected with the duct of the
epididymis,  immediately  before the commence-
ment of the vas deferens.
    VASE  A SAIGXER, Cup.
   VASTUS.   That which is vast or has a great
 extent.
   Vastus Externus  and Vastus  Internus are
two considerable, fleshy masses, which form part
of the Triceps cruris.
  VAS I'M,  Vessel.
  VATER,  AMPULLA  OF,  (F.) Ampoule de
Voter.   An  ampulla formed by the orifice of the
pancreatic duct in the duodenum.
  Vater, Corpuscles of, Corpuscles, Pacinian.
  VATERIA INDICA, see Copal.
  VAT1C1NIUM CHIROMAN TICUM,  Chiro-
mancy.
  VAULT,  (old  F.  Voulte,) 'a round or turn;'
from volrere, volutitm, 'to turn;' Fornix, Cam'era,
(F.)  Voute.   A  name  given  by  anatomists  to
several parts which are rounded superiorly;  con-
cave and arched inferiorly,—as tbe Vault of' the
cranium or the  upper part of the skull,—the Pa-
latine vault or roof ofi the mouth, Ac, Ac.
  VAUQUELINE, Strychnina.
  VEAL TEA.   This may  be  made in the same
manner as beef tea, by using a  pound of fillet of
veal, free from  fat and  sliced, and a  pint and a
half of boiling  water;  and  boiling for half an
hour.  It may also be made with tbe same quan-
tity of the fleshy part of a knuckle of  veal.
  VECORDIA, Idiotism.
  VECTIS, Lever—v. Elevatorius, Elevator—v.
Triploides, Elevator, triploid.
  VECTOR CANAL, Tube, Fallopian.
  VEGETAL'ITY,  Vcgetalitas, (¥.)  Vigitaliti.
The aggregate of physiological phenomena, which
exist alone in tbe vegetable, but are common to
both plants and animals.  See Aniniality.
  VEGETARIAN, see Vegetarianism.
  VEGETA'RIANISM.  Same etymon as Vege-
tation.  A modern term, emjiloyed to designate
the view, that man, for bis  lull mental and cor-
poreal  development,  ought to subsist  on  the
direct productions of the vegetable kingdom, and
totally abstain from flesh and blood. An embracer
and practiser of this doctrine is called a- vegetu-
''("'•,  ,
   VEGETATIF, Vegetative.
  VEGETA'TION,  Vegeta'tio, 'growing like  a
plant,' from vegeo or rigeo, ' I flourish.'  A  mor-
bid production, which rises  as an  excrescence on
the valves  of the heart, in syphilis, Ac. — as the
Cauliflower excrescence, Ac.   The term is also
applied to the fleshy granulations or Hyperear-
etrses, which sometimes arise  at tbe surfaces of
wounds or ulcers.
  VEG"ETATIVE, Vegetatlvus,  (¥.)  Vcgitatifi,
same etymon  as tbe last.   Having  relation to
growth  or nutrition ; hence, the vegetative or nu-
tritive functions.
  Vegetative Layer, see Tache  embryonnaire.
  VEGETATIVUS, Vegetative.
   VE'HICLE, UeAi't-'ii-'iiiii, Oche'ma, Constitltens,
(¥.) Vehicnle, from relieve, 'to carry.'   Anything
which serves to carry;  thus air is the vehicle of
sound : the arteries are the vehicles of the blood,
Ac.   In Pharmacy, the name vehicle is given to
any excipient; or to substances which serve as
the media of administration for any medicine.
   VEHICULE, Vehicle.
   VEILED PUFF, see Cavernous respiration.
   VEIN. Venn, diminutive ven'ulu,Phlebs, Phleps,
(¥.) Veine.   The veins are vessels  for the convey-
ance of black blood from every part of the body
to the heart.   They are found wherever there are
arteries, and, altogether, form  the venous system,
which may be subdivided  into two  distinct se-
condary systems.  1. The General, venous system,
which commences in all the organs, by very mi-
nute radicles;  and terminates in the heart by tbe
cava and the coronary vein.   2. The Abdominal 
VEINS
95 8
venous system, which is limited to  the  abdomin il
cavity; commences, also, by a great  number of
branches, and terminates in the liver by a single
trunk,  which subdivides  in that organ.   It  is
called, also, the  System of the* Vena Porta  or the
Portal System.  See Porta.   The veins form  two
sets, one deep-seated, Vena satellites,  V. concorn'-
ites, which  accompany the arteries;  the other en-
perficial or subcutaneous.   Their parietes, which
are  thinner than  those of  the  arteries, are com-
posed of two coats; the one, external,  loose, ex-
tensible, and with parallel, longitudinal fibres —
the proper  membrane ;  the other,  the  common  or
inner membrane, which is thin, polished, and has
numerous duplicatures or folds forming parabolic
valves.   These  valves are most numerous in the
veins of the lower extremities.  The coats of the
veins are supplied with small arteries or vasa va-
sorum. veins, and lymphatics.  They have not as
many nervous filaments  as  the arteries.   These
filaments are from the  great sympathetic.
       TABLE OF  THE  VEINS.

1. veins which form the superior vena cava.
     Receives the
' 1. Basilic formed of the
t 1. Posteri
< 2. Anterii
( 3. Median
composed of the
VELAMENTUM ABDOMINALE
2.  VEINS WHICH FORM THE INFERIOR VENA CAVA.

           (1. Femoral
            or  Crural,
            which is a
            continua-
            tion of the
Receive the  2. Popliteal,
1.  External  commeno-
                                 Posterior ulnar.
                                      •ior ulnar.
                                    lian basilic.
   " Z | .,  «  ,  ,.  ,   .   ,,   ( f. Superficial radial.
   £ £? | 2. Cephalic, forming the j 2 M ^ cephalic-

   g £ -j 3. Circumflex veins.
        4. Inferior scapular.
        5. Long thoracic.
        tj. Superior thoracic.
        7. Acromial veins.
                             1. Pterygoid.
                             2. Spheuo-palatine.
            Receives the      3. Alveolar.
        1. Internal  maxifla--j 4. Infra-orbitar.
           ry, composed ofthe  A. Mental.
                             6. Inferior dental.
                             7. Deep temporal.
        2  Srmerficial TemDO- f 1" Midule temporal.
        I. Superficial iempo- I ± Anterjor.luriculars.
           nil,  composed  of i g. Trans!verse  of  the
                           (_   face.
        3. Posterior Auricular. The trunk then takes
           tbe name of  External Jugular, and in its
           course along the neck, receives —
        i. Cervical cutaneous.
        5. Trachelo-scapular, &c.
       (      Receives
        1. Superior  Cerebral Veins.
         2. Veins of the  Corpus Striatum.
         3. Veins ofthe Choroid plexus.
         4. Superior Cerebellar Veins.
         5. Inferior Cerebellar Veins.
         6. Lateral and inferior Cerebral Veins.
                          (1. Lachrymal.
                           2. Central of the retina.
         >r r, v..i i   • -ir •    '-'J- Infra-orbitar.
         " OphthalmicVem, J +  ciliary
                           A. Ethmoidal.
                           6. Palpebral, and
                           7. Nasal Veins.
                           1. Palpebra], and
     ■5 -j                  I 2. Superciliary Veins.
      ~                     3. Dorsals of the nose.
     .2   8. Facial vein, call- | 4. Superior f Coronaries
      a  j   ed angular, near j 5. Inferior  |  ofthe lip.
           the eye,receiving | 6. Several Buccal and
           the            I 7. Masseteric Veins.
                          1 8. Kanine.
                          I 9. Submental, and
                          (.10. Infi-rior Palatine.
          9. Lingual and Pharyngeal Veins.
         10. Superior thyroid.
         11. Occipital, and
        [ 12. Veins of the Diploe.

2. Right Internal Mammary Vein.

3. Inferior Thyroid Vein, opening into the Vena Cava,
  between the two Subclavians.

4. Vena Azvgos, which receives} ?,'  ™*ht Bronchial.
  ..       -°  '              < 2.  Intercostal Veins.
                            ( 3.  Scuii-azygos.
Iliacs.form- | ins  by  3.
ed by tbe
2.   Internal
 Iliacs which
 receive
 the —
 veins which
 accompany
 the fibular
 arteries,and
 receiving
[the—

  1.  Vesical Veins.
   commencing with
   the
  2. Sncro-lateral
    Veins.
          fl. Several
1.External  abdniniuul
  Saphena  veins.
  and     | '-. Cinuni-
2. Internal <  flex Iliac,
 Saphena. I  arid
 which re-  3.  Extcr-
 ceive—    mil pudic
3. Middle Sacral Vein.
4. Lumbar Veins—four in
  number ou  each  side,
  commencing by an—
fl. Dorsal veins
|   of tin- penis
   ofthe male.
 2. Veins of the
   clitoris,   in
   the female.
5.  Spermatic  Veins.
 commencing with the
  1. Abdominal  branch.
  2. Dorsal branch.
1.  Spermatic  plexus in
  the male.
2. Those of the Ovarium,
  Fallopian tube, &c. in
  the female.
1. Splenic Vein.
     6. Renal Veins.
     7. Capsular and Adipose Veins.
     8. Hepatic Veins.
     9. Middle, ]
    10. Left, and > Hepatic Veins.
    11. Right   j
   ^12. Inferior Diaphragmatic Veins, two in number.
               3. VEINS OF THE HEART.
1. Great rfght Coronary.
2. Small right Coronary.
3. Left Coronary Veins.

        4. VEINS WHICH FORM THE VENA PORTA.
                  Receives the
                1.  A'eins which  correspond to  the
                  vasa brevia.
                2.  Right and left gastro-epiploic.
                3.  Duodenal, and
                4.  Pancreatic veins.
                5.  Coronary Vein of the Stomach, and
               (. 6.  Small mesenteric vein.
2. Superior Mesenteric Vein.

  Vein, Bronchial, Lkft, see Azygos—v. Demi-
azygous,  see Azygos—v. Frontal, see Facial vein
—v. Semi-azygous, see Azygos (vena)—v. Supe-
rior intercostal,  left, see Azygos — v. Tibio-mal-
leolar,  Saphena, great — v. Palato-labial, Facial
vein—v.  Peroneo malleolar, Saphena minor — v.
Varicose, Varix.
   VEIXE, Vein—v.  Cave, Cava vena—v. Cijiha-
liqne, Jugular vein, internal — t>.  Ciphalique du
pouce,  Cephalic  vein  of the thumb—?>.  Cnbitale
cntanie, Basilic vein—v. Fessiire, Gluteal vein —
v. de Midine, Dracunculus — v. Forte, Porta vena
—  v. Prilombo-thorac.ique, Azygos, (vena) — 1?.
Priparate, Facial  vein — v. Radiale cntanie, Ce-
phalic vein—v. Sans paire, Azygos, vein—v. Tra-
chilo-sous-cutanie, Jugular vein, external.
   VEINES  ARTElilELLES, Arterial veins —
v. Ciliaires, Ciliary veins—v. Sous-clavi&res,Sub-
clavian veins—?-.  Sus-hijiutiquea, Hepatic veins.
   VEINEUX. Venous.
   VEINS, CORONARY, Cardiac veins—v. Intra-
lobular, Hepatic veins—v. Supra-hepatic, Hepatio
veins.
   VEINSTONE,  Phlebolite.
    VEINULE, Venula.
    VE.IUCO  DE  MA VACURE, see Curare.
   VELAMEN NATIVUM, Integument.
   VELAMENTA  BO.MBYtTNA,  Villous  mem-
 branes — v. Cerebralia, Meninges — v.  Infantis,
 Membranes of the foetus.
   VELAMENTUM   ABDOMINALE,   Perito-
 naeum— v. Corporis  commune,  Integument — v.
 Linguae, Glosso-epiglottic ligament—v. Nativum,
 Integument. 
V£'L A R
n r, 9
VENOUS
  VELA R, Erysimum.
  YE El, I (.'ATI ON. Tic.
  YEE<)SVNTHESIS, Stnphylorrnphy.
  VEL I'M, 'a veil, a cover,'  Velum pendulum
palati —v. Apophysi  verinifornii obtentiim, Val-
vula Vieussenii — v. Interjectutn cerebelli, Val-
vula Vieussenii — v. Medullare anticum, Valvula
Vieussenii.
  Velum Medulla'he Inferius, (F.) Voile mi-
diillniie infirieur.   A name given, by Reil,  to
the medullary band or strip, by  which the cere-
bellum  communicates  with the medulla.
  Vklvm Medui.la'rk Poste'rius seu Posti'cus
seu  Semii.una'ue,  Volcula  Tarini.  Tbe small
posterior valve of the  cerebellum; a thin  medul-
lary plate,  situate between the medulla oblongata
and vermis inferior, in front of the nodulus.
  Velum Palati, Velum  pendulum palati — v.
Pa la tin u in, Velum pendulum palati.
  Velum Pen'dulum  Pala'ti,  'Pendulous veil
of the palate.'   Velum, V.  Palatlnum seu Palati
sell  Perldnluin seu  Stftpliyllmini, Paliltuni perl-
dnlnrn seu  molle sen mob'He, Pen'ditlum seu Clans-
trum Palati,  Palatum Molle, Soft  Palate, (¥.)
Septum  Staphylt'n  (Ch.),  Voile dn  Palais.  A
movable, soft, and broad septum, attached to the
posterior extremity of the  palatine  arch, and se-
parating the mouth  from the pharynx.  Its form
is nearly quadrilateral.  Its anterior surface cor-
responds to the mouth ; the posterior to the pha-
rynx.   Its superior edge is fixed to  tbe palatine
arch ;  the inferior is free, floating, and has an ap-
pendix at  its  middle — the uvula.   Tbe lateral
margins of the velum  are held  down by two folds,
separated from each other by a triangular space ;
these are called  the pillars; the anterior passes
to  the  base of the  tongue, the  posterior to the
sides of the pharynx.  The velum palati is formed
of a mucous coat, which contains numerous folli-
cles, and of a muscular stratum,  in which  arc the
peristaphylini interni  and  p. externi nnisclcs, the
glosso-staphylini, the pharyngo-staphylini  and
the p.-ilato-staphylinus. The arteries ofthe velum
palati are  furnished by the internal maxillary,
the labial and  the superior pharyngeal.  Its veins
open into  the internal jugular.   Its nerves are
 sent off from the ganglion  of Meckel, and come
from the palatine branches.   The glosso-pharyn-
geal nerve, likewise, sends it some filaments.
   Velum  Staimiyi.inum, Velum pendulum palati
 —v. Vieussenii, Valvula Vieussenii.
   VELVET LEAF, Abutilon  Avicennae, Pareira.
   VENA.  Vein,  Penis—v. Alba renum, Ureter—
v.  Alba thoracis, Thoracic duct—v. Apoplectica,
 Jugular vein, internal—v. Arteriosa, Porta vena,
 Pulmonary artery—v. Capitis, Cephalic vein—v.
 Cava. Cava vena—v.  Cubiti interior. Basilic vein
—v. Demiazygos, see Azygos—v. Falcis  cerebri,
 Sinus longitudinalis inferior—v. Hemiazyga, see
 Azygos — v. Lactea,  Porta vena — v. Lienalis,
 Splenic, vein—v. Magna,  Porta  vena—v.  Medina
Arabum, Dracunculus — v.  Mcdinensis, Dracun-
 culus — v. Ostiaria, Porta vena. —v. Pari carens,
Azygos,  (vena) — v. Portalis,  Porta  vena —
v.  Portarum, Porta vena — v. ad Portas, Porta
vena —v. quie  ad Portas est. Porta vena—v. Ra-
malis. Porta vena— v. sine Pari, Azygos, (vena)
—v. Splenica, Splenic vein—v. Steleehhea. Porta
vena — v. Subalaris, Vena axillaris—v.  Termina-
lis.  Circulus venosus.
   VEN.E  APOPLECTICS, Jugular veins — v.
Cavifi  hepatis, Hepatic veins—v. Centrales, Intra-
lobular veins—v. Coneoinites, see Vein — v. Ga-
leni, Choroid, (veins)—v.  Innominntae, see Inno-
minatum — v. Intralobulares, Intralobular veins
__v. Lacteie, Chyliferous  vessels —v. Lymphnti-
cm. Lymphatic vessels — v. Micantes. (arteries,)
see Artery—v. Pulsatilcs,  (arteries,) sec Artery—
I v. Satellites, sec  Vein — v. Si.pornles,  Jugular
 veins—v. Spha-ritides, Ju-ular veins.
   VEN^ESECTIO, see Blood-letting—v. Revul-
 soria. see Blood-letting.
   VEN.E VORTICO'S.E. Tbe vein.- which prin-
 cipally form  the  external or venous layer of the
 choroid coat  of the eye:  so called from their pe-
 culiar  arrangement; from  vertex seu cortex,  'a
 whirlpool.'
   VENAL. Venous.
   VENE1-TCIUM. Poisoninsr.
   V EN EN ATION.  Poison. Poisoning, Venom.
   VENENATU.S, Venomous.
    VEX EXEUN, Poisonous.
   VENKNOSE, Venomous.
   YEN EN EM, Poison. Venom.
   VENE'KEAL, Vene'rens, Aphrodisiacs.  Ve-
 ne'rea n,  (¥.) Veriirien, from Venus, veneris, ' the
 goddess  of pleasure.'  That which  relates  to the
 pleasures of love.  In a more restricted sense, tbe
 word venereal—as well as ajthroditic—is synony-
 mous  with  sy/iliilitie, and  also with  syphilis.
 Some authors have proposed that  those diseases
 should be called  renereal which are produced by
 excess in venery; and that  «///*/(ilitie should  be
 limited  to those  which are the  result of impure
 connexion.   It is, also, used in tbe same sense as
 aphrodisiac,—adapted to excite venereal desire.
   Venereal Desire, Libido — v. Disease, Sy-
 philis.
    VEXERTEN, Venereal.   This  term,  also,
 means one  labouring under syphilis; as Hojiital
 des viniriens.
   YEN ER1VAG US, Libidinous.
    VEN'EIIY.   Same etymon.  The pleasures of
 love.  Sexual  communication.   Coition.
   VENESECTION, see Blood-letting.
    VENIMEUN, Venomous.
    VENIN, Venom.
    VENOM,   Vene'num,  Tax' icum,  Venena'lion,
 (¥.) Veuin.  A poisonous fluid  secreted by certain
 animals, as  the  viper, in a state of health, and
 which tbey  preserve in a particular reservoir, to
 use as a means of attack or defence.  It  differs,
 according to some, from virus, as the latter is
 always the result of a morbid process, which may
 be  produced by the individuals who receive it, in
 their turn, and be transmitted  to others.
    Venom. Quickening, Sperm—v.  Vital,  Sperm.
    YEN'OMOUS, Venena'tus, Veu'enose, (¥.) IV-
 nimettx.  An  epithet applied to animals  which
  have a  secretion of venom, as the viper, rattle-
 snake, Ac, as  well as to the venom itself; aid,
  by some, to liquids in  the animal body, which
 have been so perverted by previous disease, that
  their contact occasions serious mischief  in scund
 individuals ; as happens  in hydrophobia.   Virus
  is more  commonly used in this case.
    VEN0S1TAS. Venosity — v. Sanguinis,  Prse-
  dominiuin sanguinis venosi.
    VENOSTTY, Vein,situs, Vc'nousness,  Venous
 state, or cachexia,  Jlelaua'mia,  Jle/anolis uni-
  versalis, from  mm. 'a vein.'  A  condition in
  which, it has been supposed, the blood is  moved
 slowly; is  more venous ; and  the  venous blond
  itself  in greater quantity.  This state is  said to
  be chiefly observed  in hemorrhoids, gout, hypo-
  chondriasis, melancholia, <tc.—Puchelt.
    VENOUS,  Venal,  Verio'sus,   ("A  Vdit'itx.
  Same etymon.   Appertaining to a vein, or to the
  blood of the veins ; as venous  cachexia, renting
  pulse.
    Venous Cachexia. Venosity — v. Hum. Brm't
  de Diable —\. State, Venosity — v. Sysui.i, so
 | Vascular—v. System, abdominal. Porta ven;..
    Venous System of Jacoiison.   A system of
 !| vessels  in the  three classes of  vertebratcl nni-
 I mals other  than the mammalia, which  forms a 
VENOUS NESS              9 6 0    VENTS IC 17 ES D U CER I 'EA U
communication between  the vena porta and  the
vena cava.
  YENOUSNESS, Venosity.
   VENT, Wind.
  VENTER, Abdomen,  Belly, Uterus.  In law,
venter designates the maternal parentage of chil-
dren.  Thus, if A were B's child by lis first wife,
he  would be described  in  law as "by the  first
venter?'   "A  died  seised,  leaving  two  infant
daughters by different venters."
  Venter Imus, Abdomen,  Hypogastrium, Nei-
rera—v. Inferius, Abdomen — v. Tnfimus, Abdo-
men—-v. Magnus,  Ingluvies—v. Medius, Thorax
—v. Parvus, Hypogastrium—v. Propendens, Hys-
teroloxia anterior—v. Renum, Pelvis of the kid-
ney—v. Supremus, Cavum cranii.
   VEXTEUX, Windy.
  VENTILA'TION,  Ventila'tio,  from  ventus,
'wind,' ventulus, 'a  little wind.'   The act of re-
newing the air of vessels,  hospitals, and apart-
ments, or of situations  where many people  are
collected together.   The utility of such renewal
must be evident, when it is considered that atmo-
spheric air loses its oxygen  during respiration,
and that carbonic acid supplies its place.  Stag-
nant air, also,  becomes loaded with numerous
impurities; and hence one of the greatest hyg-
ienic improvements, of modern times, has been a
proper  attention to  circulation of  air.  It is,
moreover,  one of the  most  valuable  additions
to  our stock of therapeutical agencies  in many
diseases.
   Instruments  used for  the purpose of renewing
the air, in ships,  apartments, <fcc, have  been
called  ventilators,
   VEXTOSITE, Flatulence.
   VENTOSITY, Flatulence. ^
   VENTOUSES SCARIFIEES, Cupping with
the scarificator.
   VENTOUSES SECHES, Cupping, dry.
  VENTRAL, from venter, 'the belly.'  Abdo-
minal.
   Ventral Her'nia, Her'nia ventra'lis.  Direct
hernia occurring in any  part of the abdomen.   It
is most frequently found between the recti mus-
cles.
  VENTRALE, 'an apron,' Belt (Russian.)
   Yentrai.e Cuta'neum, 'Cutaneous apron.' (F.)
Tablier.  An  elongation of the  nymphae in  the
Bosjesman female, which hangs down before the
vulva like an apron.
   VENTRE, Abdomen  — v. Iufirieur,  Abdomen
—v. Itesserri, Constipation.
   VENTRE INSPICIENDO DE, see De ventre
inspiciendo.
   VEN'TRICLE,  Ventric1'ulus,  diminutive  of
venter,  'belly.'  (F.)  Ventricule.  Literally, a
little belly.   A name given, in anatomy, to vari-
ous parts.
   Ventricle  of  Aran'tius.  A  small cavity,
lined with gray substance, at the point of  the
calamus scriptorius.
   Ventricles of the Brain, Ventric'uli seu  Ca-
vita'tes seu  Sinus  Cer'ebri,  (¥.)  Ventriculee du
cerveau, are five cavities in  the interior of  that
organ, which are distinguished into the lateral
ventricles, middle  ventricle,  fourth  ventricle  or
ventricle  of  the cerebellum,  and fifth  ventricle.
The middle ventricle or  third ventricle,  (¥.) Ven-
tricule moyen du cerveau, is situate in front of the
pineal gland.  It is bounded, above, by the tela
choroidea and  the fornix; below, by a portion of
cerebral substance,  which  separates it  from  the
base of  the cranium; laterally, by the thalami
nervorum opticorum ; anteriorly, by a medullary
cord, called the anterior commissure; and, poste-
riorly, by another medullary cord, called tbe pos-
terior  commissure.  It  communicates   with  the
lateral ventricles by two openings, situate behind
tbe anterior  pillar or cms of the fornix.  The
Lateral ventricles, Ventric'uli lateralis sen magni
seu majo'res  seu jn-ioles seu  sttjterio'res  sen tri-
cor'nes. (¥.) Vent denies latiraux, are two in num-
ber.   They are large, and, owing  to their consi-
derable curvature,  occupy  a  great  part of the
cerebral  centre.  They are bounded,  above,  by
tbe inferior surface of the corpus callosum ; ante-
riorly, by the curved  portion  of the same body;
posteriorly,  by a considerable mass of  cerebral
substance; and, internally, they  are separated
from each other by the septum of the  ventricles,
— a medullary plate,  which is given off from the
lower part of tbe corpus  callosum.  The lateral
ventricles have, in their upper and anterior por-
tion,  the  Corpora striata,  Thalami ojrtici, and
Tania  semicircularis: — their  inferior  portion
contains  the  corpus fi mini at urn, cornu Ammonis,
&c.   Each of the ventricles has a body or centre
—cella me'dia—and horns, cornua.  Tbe Fourth
ventricle,  Ventricultis  cerebelli seu  quartus  seu
Ararltii, Sinus rhomboi'deus, (¥.)  Qnalrieme ven-
tricule, is situate beneath the aqueduct of Sylvius,
by which it communicates with the third ventri-
cle.   It extends from  this aqueduct to the upper
part of the  medulla,-  and is  seated in the  sub-
stance of the  tuber annulare.   The Fifth ventri-
cle, Ventric'ulus sejtti  pellu'cidi,  Incisu'ra scjiti,
(F.)  Cinquieme ventricule,  is the small serous
cavity between the laminic ofthe septum lucidum ;
called, also, Sinus ofi the septum lu'cidum, S. ofi
the median sejttum  (Ch.).
  Ventricles of the  Heart, Ventric'uli cordis,
Sjtecus cordis,  (¥.)  Ventricules du cienr, are  two
in number.   The Right ventricle. Pulmonary ven-
tricle,  Ventrie'ulus anterior seu  primus  seu pul-
mona'lis, (¥.) Ventricule droit ou pulmonnire, is
situate at the fore-part of the  heart, the base and
apex corresponding to those of the heart.  In it
are seen the Columna carnea and Corda tcalinea.
The right ventricle communicates with the right
auricle by the Ostium  venosum, and from it the
Pulmonary artery  arises.  Around the auricular
orifice is a tendinous margin or ring, from which
the tricuspid valve is given off.   The  use of the
ventricle is to send the blood, by  its contraction,
along the pulmonary  artery to  the  lungs.  The
Left ventricle,  Ventric'ulus aor'ticus seu jrostrdor
seu secundus, (¥.)  Ventricule gauche ou aortiqne,
is situate at  the posterior  and left part of the
heart. Its parietes are much thicker and stronger
than  those of the  right,  owing  to its having  to
send the blood over the whole system. The inner
surface  has the same general appearance as that
of the right.   The Columna  carnea  and Corda
tendinea are, however, much  stronger.   It  com-
municates with the left auricle  by means of the
Mitral valve;  and from  it proceeds the largest
blood-vessel of the body — the aorta.
  Ventricles of  the Larynx,  Ventric'uli seu
Sac'culi laryiigc'i, Ventric'uli Jlnrgiign'ii, Sinuses
of the larynx, ( ¥.)  Ventricules  ou Sinus du larynx,
are two depressions in the larynx, comprised  be-
tween the superior and inferior ligaments.
  Ventricle, Pulmonary,  V. right.
  VENTRICULAR,  Ventricula'ris, (¥.) V-ntri-
culaire.  Same etymon  as  Ventricle.  Relating
to a ventricle.
   VENTRICULE, Ventricule.
   VENTRICULE AORTIQUE, Ventricle, left
— v.  Cinquifiine, Ventricle, fifth — ». Droit,  Ven-
tricle, right—v. Gauche, Ventricle, left—v. Moyen
dn Cerveau, Ventricle, middle, of the brain—p.
Piilmonaire,  Ventricle, right—v. Quatriime, Ven-
tricle, fourth.
   VENTRICULES DU CERVEAU,  Yentri-
cles of the brain — v. dn  Carur, Ventricles of  tbe
heart — v.  Latiraux, Ventricles, lateral. 
VENTPtlCULI CORDIS        901   .     VERATRUM  VIRIDE
  VENTRICULI  CORDIS, Ventricles of  the '
heart —v. Dilatatio, (iastrectasis — v. Dissolutio, ij
Gastro-malacia —v. Durae matris, Sinuses of the j.
dura  mater —v. Emollitio,  ti astro-malacia —v.
Exulceratio, Gastrelcosis — v.  Fluxus, Gastror- '
rhoea—v. Inflummatio, Gastritis — v.  Laryngei,
Ventricles of  the larynx—v. Laterales, see Ven-
tricles,  lateral, of tbe brain — v. Magni, Ventri-
cles, lateral, of the  brain—v. Majores, Ventricles,
lateral—v. Metamorphosis gelatiniforrais, Gastro-
malacia—v. Morgagnii, Ventricles of the larynx
— v. Perforatio, Gastro-brosis — v. Priores, Ven-
tricles,  lateral — v. Pseudophlogosis resolutiva et
colliqaativa, (rastro-iiialacia—v. Superiores, Ven-
tricles,  lateral — v. Tricornes, Ventricles, lateral
—v. Ulcerntio. Gastrelcosis.
  VENT RICE I, US,  Stomach, Ventricle—v. An-
terior, Ventricle, right — v. Aorticus,  Ventricle,
left—v. Arantii, see Ventricles of the brain.
  Venthiculus  Callo'sus,  'Callous  stomach.'
The gizzard or third  stomach of the gallinaceous
bird. (¥.) Gisier.  It consists of a double-bellied
or digastric muscle; is lined by a firm cuticle,
and forms a  kind  of pouch, depending from the
alimentary  tube, in  which  the  second stomach
terminates, and  from  which the  duodenum  or
 Ventdeulus snccentiiria'tus issues.  In  the inte-
rior of  the  gizzard there are numerous pebbles,
which seem to be  destined to aid in the tritura-
tion of the food.  The gizzard is  an organ  of
mastication, and is possessed of great  muscular
power.
  Ventriculus Cerebelli, see Ventricles ofthe
brain — v. Intestinalis, Abomasus — v. Posterior,
Ventricle,  left — v. Primus, Ventricle, right — v.
Pulmonalis, Ventricle,  right — v.  Quartus,  see
Ventricles of the brain — v. Secundus, Ventricle,
left — v. Septi  Pellucidi, see Ventricles  of  the
brain—v. Succenturiatus, Duodenum.
   VEXTRILOQUE, Engastrimythos.
  VENTRILOQUISM, see  Engastrimyth.
  VENTRILOQUIST, Engastrimyth.
  VENTRILOQUY, see Engastrimyth.
  VE NTRI OS US, Abdominous.
  VENTRIPOTENT,  Abdominous.
  VENTROSITAS, Physconia.
  YE NT HOSES, Abdominous.
   VENTS, Flatulence.
   VENTUS,  Wind.
   YEN'ULA, Phlebion, diminutive of Fenor.  See
 Vein.   (F.) Veinule.  A small vein.  Hippocrates
 seems to use it in the same sense as Arteria.
  VENULE CENTRALES, Intralobular veins
—v. Intralobularcs, Intralobular veins.
   VENUS, Clitoris, Coition, Cuprum—v. Crystals
 of, Cupri  subacetas — v.  Crystaux de, Cupri sub-
 £LC6t<lS.
   VER CUCURB1TIN, Taenia solium —v. Cu-
 tani. Dracunculus — v. Filaire, Dracunculus — ?-.
de  Gninic,  Dracunculus—r. Luisant, Cicindela—
r. de Midine, Dracunculus—v. Solitaire, Bothrio-
cephalus latus, Taenia solium.
  VERATRI A. Veratrina.
   VERATRI'NA, Venltria,  Ver'atrine; from
veratrum.   A vegetable alkali, found in the seeds
of V, ra'trum sabadilla, V. officinale, Helo'nias
officinalis,  and Asagra'a officina'lis,  which are
known  in commerce  under the  names Cebadill'a,
 Cevadilla,  and  Sabadilla, and  are  imported
from Mexico.  They usually occur, in commerce,
mixed with the fruit of the plant, are two or three
lines long, of a black colour, and are shining, flat,
shrivelled, winged, and elastic  seeds.   Veratrine
is solid, white, pulverulent, and inodorous; of a
very  acrid  taste;  decomposable by heat;  very
soluble in water, and soluble in alcohol.  When
prepared  in the usual  manner, it  still contains
other substances,— Sabadillin,  Ver'atrin, gum
resin of the sabadilla, and  black greasy matter.
      61
It is  extremely poisonous, and  but little used
internally  in  medicine.   Magendie gave it as
an emetic  and drastic  in  very small  doses.  It
has been recommended to be applied in the way
of friction, or endermically, (from gr.  v to xx to
3J of lard  or cerate,) in various neuralgic affec-
tions.  The following is the formula for its pre-
paration  in  the  Pharmacopoeia  of the  United
States: — Take of ceradilla, tbij;  alcohol, 2  gal-
lons ; suljihuric acid, solution of ammonia, jiurified
animal charcoal, and magnesia, each a sufficient
quantity.   Boil the  cevadilla in a gallon of the
alcohol, in a retort with  a receiver  attached, for
an hour,  and pour off the liquor.   To the residue
add another gallon of the  alcohol, together with
the portion recently distilled; again boil for an
hour, and pour off the liquor.  Repeat the boiling
a  third time  with  the  remaining  alcohol,  and
with  that  distilled  in  the  previous  operation.
Press the cevadilla, mix and strain the  liquors,
and, by means of a water-bath, distil off the alco-
hol.   Boil  the residue  three  or  four times in
water  acidulated  with sulphuric acid, mix  and
strain  the liquors, and evaporate to the  consist-
ence of syrup.  Add magnesia in  slight excess,
shake  the mixture frequently, then  express  and
wash what remains.  Repeat the expression  and
washing  two or three times, and having dried the
residue, digest it with a gentle heat several times
in alcohol, and strain after each digestion. Distil
off the alcohol from the mixed liquor.^boil the
residue for fifteen minutes in water with a little
sulphuric acid and purified animal charcoal, and
strain. Having thoroughly washed what remains,
mix the  washings with  the strained liquor, eva-
porate with a moderate heat to the consistence
of syrup, and then drop in as  much solution of
ammonia as may be necessary to precipitate the
veratria.  Lastly, separate and dry the  precipi-
tate.   See  Colchicum autumnale.
  VERATRINE,  Veratrina.
  Veratrine, Sulphate  of, Vera'tria snljrhas,
(F.) Sulfate de Viratrine, possesses the same vir-
tues as veratrine.  A solution of one grain in two
ounces of distilled water has been suggested  as a
substitute  for the Eau midicinale d'llneson — a
celebrated gout remedy—in the  dose of fgj to

   VERA'TRUM  ALBUM,  (vere atrum, 'truly
black,' from  the  colour  of the roots [?] ).  Hel-
leb'orus albus, Elleb'orum album, Elleborus albus,
Cherbachem, White hellebore, Lungwort, (¥.) Hel-
libore blanc.   Sex.  Syst.  Polygamia   Moncecia.
Nat.  Ord.  Melanthaceae  (Lindley).  The root or
rhizoma  of this common  European plant is in-
debted to the veratrine for its properties.  It is
inodorous ; has a bitterish, acrid, nauseous taste,
and is violently emetic and purgative,  even when
applied to an ulcerated surface.  It is, also,  pos-
sessed of errhine properties, and acts, externally,
as a stimulant.  It is rarely exhibited  internally.
Sometimes it is given as a sneezing powder; but
it operates with great violence.   It forms, also,
an itch ointment.   See  Ung. Veratri.
   Veratrum Luteum, Chamselirium luteum.
   Veratrum Sabadil'la, Sabadilla,  Sabatilla,
Cania Interfec'tor, Caus'ticum America'num, Ceva-
dilla  Hiejtano'rum, Sevadilla, Hor'deum caus'ti-
cum,  (¥.)  Civadille. The seeds  of this plant,
Sabadilla, Cevadilla (Ph.  U. S.). have  been used.
mostly as anthelmintics.  Dose. gr. ij  to a child
four years old.  It possesses the same general
properties as the veratrum album.
   Veratrum Vir'ide,American Hellebore.Swamp
hellebore, Indian poke, Indian  Uncus, Poke weed.
Bear  weed. Itch  weed,  Tickle weed. Earth gall,
Devilbit,  Wolfibane, Puppet root, is indigenous in
the swampy  districts of  almost every part of tho
United States.  Its properties are  like those of 
VERBASCULUM            902               VERONICA
the genus.  It has been brought forward, how- I
ever, in recent times, in  the Southern States, as
a  powerful sedative in inflammatory diseases.
Dose, eight drops of a saturated tincture.
   VERBASCULUM, Primula veris.
   VERBASCUM  ALBUM, V.  thapsus—v. Ala-
tum, V. thapsus — v. Collinum, V. thapsus — v.
Crassifolium, V. thapsus—v. Elongatum, V. thap-
sus—v. Lychnitis, V. thapsus—v. Montanum, V.
thapsus.
   Yeuisas'cum  Nigrum, (supposed to be a  cor-
ruption from Barbascum, owing to its hairy coat;
burba, 'a beard.')  Cande'la re'gia, Thajtsus  bnr-
ba'ttts,  Tapsns barba'tus,  Candela'ria, Lana'ria,
Black Jltillein;  and Verbas'cum Thapsus, V.
thapsoVdes seu ala'tum seu collinum seu album
seu  crassif'o'lium  seu etonga'tum seu  lychni'tis
seu  intuitu'nam  seu simplex, Fhlogmus, Phlomns,
 Phlox, great broad-leaved or yellow Mullein, High
 Taper, Cow's Lungwort,  (¥.)  Molene, Bouillon
 blanc,  Bonhomme,  Cierge  de notre  dame, Herbe
 Saint-Fiacre.   Ord. Scrophulariaceae, Sex. Syst.
 Pentandria Monogynia,— especially the latter,—
 have been used as emollients,  applied externally
 in the form  of  fomentation.  The  large leaves
 have been chosen for this purpose. Occasionally,
 the  mucilage  which they  contain has been  ex-
 tracted by decoction or infusion, and administered
 in pectoral affections.
   Verbascum Simplex, V. thapsus — v. Thap-
 soides, V. thapsus—v. Thapsus, see V. nigrum.
   VERBE'NA HAS'TATA, V. panicula'ta,  Blue
 vervain,  Simpler's Joy, an American species, is
 more  bitter than the European,  and said  to be
 emetic.
   Yerbe'na  Officina'lis, Verbena, Dichro'mos,
  Verbena'ca,  Periste'rium,  Hierobot'ane, Herba
 sacra.  Vervain, Purvain, (Prov.) Bcrbine, Juno's
  Tears, (¥.)  Verveine,  Herbe  d  tons les maux ;
  Ord. Verbenacese.  Sex. Syst.  Diandria Monogy-
 nia.   A plant formerly held sacred ;  used in sac-
 rifices, and suspended round the neck as  an amu-
 let.  In the form  of cataplasm, it is  said to have
 relieved obstinate  headaches, and to have been of
 service in scrofula,  It is  not used.
   Verbena Paniculata,  V. hastata.
   Verbe'na Urticifo'lia, an  indigenous  spe-
 cies, has been used in poisoning from Rhus Toxi-
 codendron.
   VERBENACA, Verbena officinalis.
   YERBESINA  ACMELLA,  Spilanthus   Ac-
 mella,
   Verbesi'na  Virgin'ica, Crown Beard.  Indi-
 genous.   Order, Compositae.  A decoction of the
 roots is  used by the Indians  as diaphoretic and
  depurative.
   YERBUS. Penis.
    VERCOQUIN, Phreni'tis vermino'sa.  A form
  of phrenitis, attributed to  the presence of a worm
  in the brain !
    VERDET, Cupri subacetas.
   VERDIGRIS, Cupri subacetas.
   VERENDA. Genital organs.
   YERETKUM, Penis.
    VERGE,  Penis—v. d'Or, Solidago virgaurea.
    VERGERETTE  DE  PHILADELPHIE,
  Erigeron Philadelphicum.
    VERGETURES, Vibices.
   VERJUICE, Omphilcinm,  (¥.) Verjus,  Verd-
  jns, (verd, 'green,' and jus, 'juice.')  "The juice
  of green fruits."  A sour kind  of grape.   Also, an
  acid liquor,  prepared  from very sour grapes or
  crab-apples.  It is  principally  used in  culinary
  preparations; although, occasionally, an  ingre-
  dient in  medicinal compounds.  See Vitis vini-
  fera.
    VERJUS, Verjuice.
   VERMES, Worms—v. Cerebri, Choroid plexus.
   VERMICELLI, see Turunda?  Italica.
   VERMICULAIRE BRl^LANTE, Sedum.
  V ER.M I CU L A R. Vermiform.
  VERMICULARIS. Lumbricalis, Sedum.
  VERMICULI SPERMATIC!, Spermatozoa.
  YERMIC'ULUM, Vermyc'ilmn.  An elixir; a
tincture. — Ruland and Johnson.
  VERMICULUS CAPILLARIS,  Dracunculus.
  VER'MIFORM,  Vermic'ular,  Vrrmicttln'ris,
 Verrmfor'mis,  (¥.)  Vermiculaire,   Verrniforme,
from vermis, 'a worm,' anAforma, 'form.'  That
which  resembles a worm.
  Yerm'iform  Proc"esses, Proces'sus sen Pro-
tnberan'tia  seu apjten'dices vermiformes, Vermes,
Jlontie'uli cerebelli, Worms, (¥.) Eminences ver-
miformes du cervelet, are two medullary projec-
tions, at the surface  of the cerebellum. The sujre-
rior vermiform jrrocess,  Vermis superior- cerebelli,
is an  elongated  projection, at  the  anterior and
middle part of the superior surface of the cerebel-
lum ; — and the inferior vermiform jtrocess,  Ver-
mis inferior cerebelli, Pyr'amid ofi Jlalacarne, is
a somewhat larger projection, situate in the de-
pression at  the inferior surface of the same organ.
 The inferior vermiform  process is usually  de-
scribed as consisting of three portions—the j,yro-
 und, the uvula,-and the  turdulua.  The anterior
 portion  of the superior vermiform process is  ele-
 vated, and termed Jlontic'utua.
   VERMIFUGE, Anthelmintic.
   Vermifuge, Mathieu's. This consisted of two
 distinct electuaries; the one for killing, the other
 for expelling tape-worm.  The former is made
 of an ounce of tin filings, and six drachms of fern
 root.
   VERMIFUGUS,  Anthelmintic.
   A'ERMILION, Hydrargyri  sulphuretum   ru-
 brum.
   VERMILLON DE PROVENCE, Antimonii
 sulphuretum rubrum.
   VERMINATIO, Helminthiasis.
   VERMINATION, CUTANEOUS, Malis.
    VERMINEUX, Verminous.
   VERM'INOUS, Vermino'sus,  (¥.)  Vermineux.
 From  vermis,  'a  worm.'  That which is caused
 by worms ; as  ' a verminous affection.'
   VERMIS, see Vermiform processes—v. Bomby-
 cinus, Cornu ammonis — v. Cerebelli, Vermiform
 process—v.  Cerebri, Fever, Hungary—v. Cucur-
 bitinus, Taenia solium—v. Digiti, Paronychia.
   VERMITIO, Helminthiasis.
   VERNIX CASEO'SA, 'cheesy varnish.'  Tbe
 fatty varnish, or deposit,  often found on the foetus,
 which is secreted by the  sebaceous follicles of the
 skin.
   Vernix Sicca, Sandarac.
   VERNO'NIA  ANTHELMIN'TICA, Ascari'-
 cida  aulhelmin'tica,  Calagiruh,  Calageri.   A
 plant which is  indigenous in India.  Ord. Compo-
 sitae.   Sex. Syst. Syngenesia Polygamia super-
 flua.  It has great celebrity in the East Indies,
 and is a bitter tonic; but the seeds are chiefly
 used  as an anthelmintic,  in cases  of  ascarides
 and lumbrici in children.
   Verno'nia Noveboracen'sis, Iron weed,  Flat
 top; an indigenous plant; whose purple flowers
 appear  in August and September, is reported to
 possess cathartic  properties.
    VEROLE,  Syphilis — v. Petite,  Variola — v.
 Petite  volante, Varicella.
    VEROLE,  Syphilitic.
    VE ROLETTE,  Varicella.
    VEROLIQUE,  Syphilitic.
   VERONI'CA,  V. officina'lis seu Tournefnr'tii
 seu mas, Thea Germaniea, Betonica Pauli,  Cha-
 ma'drys,   Male  Veronica,  Flnellin,  Officinal
  Sjreedicell, Eyebrighl. Paul's Betony, (¥.) Vironi-
|  que, Thi d'Europe, Herbe aux ladies.  Ord.  Siro- 
VfiRONIQUE             9
phulariaceae.   Sex.  Syst.  Diandria  Monogynia.
This plant was once used as a pectoral.
  Veronica Aquatica,  V. beccabunga.
  Veronica Beccabun'ca, Beccabunga, Anagal-
lis  seu  veronica aquatica, Later Germanicum,
C-jia'a, Water Pinljiemd,  Brooklime, Brook-
lime  Sjieedwell,  Water  Sjteedwell,  Nicktceed,
 Water Purslain, (Sc.) Water-purjtie, (¥.) Vironi-
que  cressonie.   This plant was formerly used in
u variety of diseases.  It  is,  however, almost in-
sipid and inodorous; and has been long banished
from practice.
   Veronica Mas, Veronica — v. Officinalis, Ve-
ronica.
   Veronica Peregri'na,  Neckweetl,  Purslain,
S/reedwell; indigenous; flowering from April to
June, is given  internally  in  scrofulosis, and is
applied as a wash to scrofulous tumours.
   Veronica Purpurea, Betonica officinalis—v.
Tournefbrtii, Veronica — v. Virginica, Leptandra
Virginica.
   VERONIQUE, Veronica—v. Cressonie, Vero-
nica heccabunga.
   VERPA, Penis.
   VERRE, Vitrum—v. d'Antimoine, Antimonii
vitrum.
   VERRU'CA, diminutive Verru'cula, Ecphy'ma
verruca, Phymalo'sis verruco'sa, a Wart, (Prov.)
 Wret, {¥.)  Venue, Poireau.  A small, hard, ma-
millary tumour, which forms at the surface of the
skin, and particularly on that of the hands and
face.  Warts are generally rugous at the surface,
 and broad at the base; their roots being implanted
in  the  derma  by  whitish filaments, which are
 dense, semifibrous, and very numerous.
   Warts may be destroyed  by caustic, or removed
by excision. Their vitality is, generally, not great.
   Verruca Carnosa, Condyloma — v. Formica-
 ria, Formica — v. Minor, Thymion—-v. Palpebra-
 rum, see Hydatid — v. Pensilis, Acrochordon—v.
 Rhngo'idea,  Thymion.
   VERRUCARIA, Calendula officinalis, Helio-
 tropium Europaeum.
   YERRUCOSE, Warty.
   VERRUCOUS, Warty.
   VERRUCULA, Verruca.
    VERRUE,  Verruca.
    VERS.  Worms.
   VERSE-CHARMS, see Charm.
   VERSIO, Turning — v. Foetus,  Turning—v.
 Spontanea,  Evolution,  spontaneous — v.  Uteri,
 Hysteroloxia.
    VERSION,  Turning.
    VERT-DE-GRIS, Cupri subacetas.
   VERTEBRA  DENTATA,  Axis—v.  Dorsi
 Prima, Lophia — v. Lumborum Prima,  Asphal-
 tites — v.  Magna, Sacrum.
   VER'TEBR.E,  Spon'dijli,  Spondles,  Whetle-
 boues,  (¥.)  Vertebres;  from vertere, 'to  turn.'
 This name  has been given to the  bones, which
 by  their  union  form  the  vertebral or  spinal
 column.  The  vertebras are short, thick, very
 lingular, bones ; twenty-four in number,  and situ-
 ate one above another.   The body—centrum, of
 Owen—of the vertebra is the middle and anterior
 portion.  Above  and below  it is articulated, by
 means  of a fibro cartilage, with the contiguous
 v.ilcbrm.   Tbe Processes, (¥.) Masses  ajiojjhy-
 saires,  of each vertebra  are:—1. The spinous pro-
 cess, situate behind, and in the  median line.
 2. The two transverse /recesses, standing off from
 each side.   ">.  The four articular, or oblique pro-
 cesses— zi/gapophyses,  of  Owen—two superior,
 and two inferior-— which serve to unite the verte-
 bra with each other.  These transverse and arti-
 culatin" processes are made continuous  with the
 lateral  and  posterior parts of the body of the ver-
 tebra by  narrow  bony portions or pedicles, ou
3              VERTEBRAL
 each  of  which  are  notches.  These,  by their
 union with similar notches in the  contiguous ver-
 tebra, form the lateral foramina, (F.) Trous  de
 conjugaison,  through  which the  spinal  nerves
 leave the vertebral  canal.   The  different  pro-
 cesses are  united with each  other, so as to form
 a kind of ring of the lateral and posterior parts
 of the vertebra; and the foramen, within this,—
 that is, between the body and processes, fora'men
 vertebrale, rachid'ittm, — concurs in forming tho
 vertebral canal.   The arch or lamina of a verte-
 bra, neurapoph'ysis,  is the  part  from which the
 several processes  project.    The  vertebra; have
 particular  characters,  according  to the regions
 they occupy.  They are divided into seven cervi-
 cal,  twelve dorsal, and  five lumbar.  The first
 cervical is called atlas ; the second, axis or vertc-
 bra  dentata ; and the seventh, vertebra  proemi-
 nens. The  vertebrae are  articulated with each
 other.  Those of the back  are  joined, moreover,
 to the ribs by their articulating surfaces—para-
 pophyses.  The first  or atlas is articulated with
 the occipital  bone; and the last lumbar vertebra
 with the  sacrum.   The cervical vertebrae  are de-
 veloped by nine points of ossification ;  the dorsal
 and lumbar by eight.
   VER'TEBRAL, Vertebralis.  That which re-
 ifies or belongs to the vertebra?.
   Vektebral Artery, Posterior  cerebral artery,
 (Ch.), is the  largest  of the branches  of the sub-
 clavian.  It arises from the posterior part of that
 vessel; is lodged  in a canal, (F.)  Petit canal ver-
 tibral, formed by the foramina in the transverse
 processes;  enters the cranium, and proceeds to
 anastomose with its  fellow of the opposite side,
 and to form the Basilary artery.  Besides  the
 branches sent to  the neck, the vertebral artery
 gives off the anterior and posterior spinal arteries,
 and  the inferior cerebellous,  in the cavity of the
 cranium.
   Vertebral Column, Racltis, Rhachis, Notos,
 Acnes'tis,  Carina, C. hom'inis, Sjn'na, S. dorsi
 seu  vertebralis,  Colurn'na  spinalis seu verte-
 bralis seu  dorsi. Dorsum,  Tergum,  Compa'ges
 Vertebra'rum, Acan'tha, Sacra fis'tula, Hiera Sy-
 rinx, Spine, Back bone, (Sc.) Bucksprent, (¥.)  Co-
 lonne vertibrale, Ejir'iie du  dos, Echine.  A kind
 of bony column, situate at the posterior and cen-
 tral part  of the trunk ; extending from the head
 to the sacrum; flexible  in every direction,  yet
 very solid and hollowed by a canal called verte-
 bral, which gives it lightness  without diminishing
 its  strength,  and  runs through its whole  length.
 The vertebral column is formed by the superpo-
 sition of  the  vertebrae.  It represents a pyramid,
 whose base is below.   Anteriorly, it is convex in
 the neck ; concave in the back, and convex, again,
 in the loins.  Behind, the curvatures are of course
 the reverse of these.   There is  also, in the dorsal
 region, a lateral curvature, the concavity of which
 is towards  the left side.  Considered as a whole,
 the vertebral column has an anterior or presjrinal
 surface;  a posterior  or spinal;  two lateral; a
 base ; and an apex or top.   In the  nomenclature
 of Chaussier, the anterior surface, in the neck, is
 called tracheliati ; in  the  back, predorsal; and
 in the loins, prelumbar,  The dorsal surface has,
 at its middle, the spinous  processes;  and, nt its
 sides, the vertebral gutters, (¥.) Goutfie'res verti-
 brales, formed  by the succession  of the vertebral
 jrlates, (¥.)  Lames  vertibrales, which, by their
' junction, constitute the spinous processes. These
 are filled by the sacro-spinalis muscle.  The sides
 or lateral surfaces present the foramina resulting
 from tbe  union  of tbe vertebral notches, (F.)
!■ Echancrures vertibrales.   These are called rerte-
!' bral foramina, (¥.)  Trims de conjugaison, and
 give passage to the vertebral nerves.  Tbe  base 
VERTEBRATED           964                VESICAL
of the vertebral column is oblique, to unite with
the sacrum ;  and forms  with  it an angle, called
sacro-vertebral angle or promontory.  The apex
or tojr of the  vertebral column is articulated with
tho occipital bone.  Sometimes,  the term verte-
bral  column  includes  the  whole  of the  column
from  the  occipital  bone to the extremity of the
coccyx.   The Vertebral, or Spinal or Rachid'ian
Canal, Solen, Cana'lis medulla Spina'lis, Specus
jtro  medulla  Sjiina'li  seu  vertebralis,  exists
through tbe whole of the vertebral column, whose
curvatures it follows.   It is  continuous, above,
with  the cranium ; below,  with the  sacral canal,
if we consider the vertebras  to terminate at the
sacrum.   It  is lined by a prolongation ofthe me-
ninges, forming the Theca vertebralis, and lodges
the spinal marrow.
   The vertebral  column, which unites lightness
with  solidity, serves  to support  the head  and
chest.  It is the seat of all the movements of the
trunk, the weight of  which  it transmits to the
pelvis.  It lodges and protects  the spinal marrow,
and gives passage to the vertebral nerves, and  to
numerous vessels.
   Vertebral Disease, Rachialgia  (of some,)
 Caries of the  Ver'tebra, Spondylarthroc' ace, Spon-
dyloc'ace, Kypho'sis  infiammato'ria seu  para-
lytica, Gibbositas  carlo'sa,   Ca't-ies vertebra'-
rum,  Spondylalgia, Spondylopyo'sis, Tubercnlo'sis
 Vertebra'rum.   The  spinal column is liable  to
distortion, (see Hump.) at times, without the ver-
tebrae being much, if at all, diseased.  At other
times, a more formidable affection is induced; the
vertebras  becoming carious, and the interverte-
bral  cartilages ulcerated;  followed by a more  or
less complete loss of power over tbe lower extre-
mities.   In such case, on examining the spine,
one or more  of tbe spinous processes is found  to
project beyond the rest.  The disease was  first
well  described by Mr. Percival Pott; and, hence,
it  has been  called, by  the French,  JIaladie  de
Pott, Malum  seu Gibbus Pot'tii, Pott's disease  or
curvature.  It usually occurs in scrofulous sub-
 jects, and the treatment consists in establishing
a  counter-irritation  by blisters,  issues,  or the
moxa, opposite the transverse processes  of the
diseased vertebrae.  The sore must be suffered to
remain open and the patient kept in the horizon-
tal posture until the use of the limbs is recovered;
employing tonics, the  free  admission of fresh air,
 <fcc,  at the same time.
   Vertebral Lig'aments, (F.) Ligaments  ver-
tibranx, Surtonts  ligrtmenteux de la colonne ver-
tibrale, are distinguished  into anterior and pos-
terior.  They consist of long,  ligamentous cover-
ings; the anterior occupying the  anterior part
of the vertebral column ; and  the posterior seem-
ing to arise from the occipito-axoid ligament, and
seated behind the  bodies of the  vertebras, from
the axis to the sacrum.
   Vertebral Nerve, Trisplanchnic.
   Vertebral Nerves, Spinal Nerves, (¥.) Nerfs
rachidiens, spring successively from  the spinal
marrow ;  from its origin to its termination.  These
nerves—30 pairs in all—arise by two roots; one
anterior,  from  the anterior  or  an'tero-lat'eral
column of the spinal marrow, and the other pos-
terior, from  the posterior or pos'tero-lat'eral co-
lumn, and afterwards issue  by the vertebral and
sacral foramina.  Each of these roots seems  to
have  a distinct function ; the posterior being des-
tined to convey sensation to parts; the anterior,
motion.  On  the posterior root, before its junction
with  the anterior, there is a ganglion.   Ofthe 30
pairs, 7 are  cervical nerves, 12 dorsal, 5 lumbar,
and 6 sacral.  See Nerves.
   VER'TEBRATED, Vertebra'tus, (F.) Vertibri.
Provided  with vertebrae.
  VERTEBRES, Vertebrte.
  VERTEBRODYMIA. see Somatodymia.
  YERTEBRO-ILIAC LIGAMENT, Ileo-lum-
bar ligament.
  v ERTEN, Cor'yphe, Acrori'a,  Spon'dylus.
The top or highest part or crown of tho  head.
(Sc.) Cantel, Now, Pal/at, Palati.  See Sinciput.
  Vertex  Cordis,  Mucro  Cordis — v. Cubiti,
Olecranon — v. Palpitans, Fontanella.
  VERTIBULUM, Trepan.
  VERTICULA, Articulation.
  VERTICULUM, Articulation.
  VERTICULUS, Articulation.
  VER TIGE, Vertigo.
  YERTIC'INOUS,  Vertigino'sus,  (Old  Eng.
and Prov.) Totty, (¥.) Vertigineux.   Relating or
pertaining to vertigo;  Giddy, Dizzy.
  YERTI'GO, from  vertere,  'to  turn;'  Dinos,
Hin'gos,  Dinus seu  Hallucina'tio seu Autal'gia
vertigo,  Circumgyra'tio,   Giddiness,   Diz'ziness,
Swimming of  the head, (Prov.) Swee, Swinnying,
(¥.) Vertige, Etourdissement.  A state in which
it seems that  all objects are turning  round;  or
that the individual himself is performing a move-
ment of gyration.   Two varieties  have been  de-
signated ;— simple vertigo, where  the objects are
seen; and scotodynia, in  which the  sight is  ob-
scured, and the individual  often  falls.  Vertigo
is  dependent  upon the  condition of the  brain;
and often announces  an attack of  apoplexy  or
epilepsy.
  Vertigo Tenebricosa, Scotodynia.
  VERUGAS  (S.),  from verruca.   A peculiar
disease affecting certain localities of Peru, which
manifests itself by sore-throat, pains in the bones,
and other febrile symptoms.  In tbe course of a
few days, an eruption of red pimples or boils ap-
pears.   These sometiraes increase in  magnitude
till  they become nearly as large as  an egg, and
discharge blood copiously.   It is ascribed to the
water of certain springs in the valleys, and espe-
cially in that  of Surea : called Agua de Verttga.
— Tschudi.
  VERU MONTANUM, Gallinaginis caput.
  VERVAIN, Verbena officinalis—v. Blue, Ver-
bena hastata.
  VERVEINE, Verbena officinalis.
  VESA'NIA, Vesalrr'a, 'madness.'  Derange-
ment of the  intellectual and moral  faculties, with-
out coma or fever.  Many nosologists  have used
this as a generic term; under which they have
included the different species of mental alienation,
hypochondriasis, somnambulism, and even hydro-
phobia.  See Nosology.
  Vesania Mania, Mania.
  Vesani^e, Insanity.
  VESICA  BILIAlilA, Gall-bladder—v.  Cordis,
see  Pericardium—v. Fellea, Gall-bladder—v. In-
testinalis, Vesicula umbilicalis—v. Prostatica, see
Ejaculatory ducts — v. Saccata, Cystostenocho-
ria — v. Urinaria, Urinary bladder.
  Vesica  Irritabilitas,  Cysterethismus — v.
Unguinosas tendinum, Bursae mucosas.
  VESTCAL,  Vesica'lis, from vesica,  'the blad-
der.'   That  which belongs or relates to the blad-
der.
  Vesical Arteries vary in number and origin.
The umbilical artery  always  sends off  two  or
three:  the middle hemorrhoidal, internal pudic,
and obturator furnish others, which ramify and
anastomose  in the parietes of the bladder;  tbe
hypogastric furnishes one  which is somewhat
larger, the  Vesico-prostatic (Ch.), and proceeds
to the bas-fiond of the bladder, sending numerous
ramifications to it as well as to the  surrounding
parts.
  Vesical Ganglia, see Spermatic Ganglion — 
VESICARIUM            905               VESTIBULE
y.  Ligaments,  see Urinary bladder—v. Oxyd,  II
Oxyd, cystic—v. Triangle, see Urinary bladder.
  \ esical \ bins, much more numerous than the
arteries, open into the hypogastric plexus
  Veskmnt, Blister, Epispastic.
  VESICARIUM, Ovarium.
  VESICA'TION, Vesica'tio; from vesica,  'a
bladder.'  The action  of a vesicant.  The forma-
tion of  blisters.
   VESICATOIRE, Blister — v. Magistral, Ma-
gistral.
  VESICATORIUM,  Blister.
  VESICLE, Vesicula—v. Allantoid, Allantois—
v. Blastodermic, see  Molecule — v. Cowpox, see
Vaccination.
  Vesicle of Development, V. ofi Evolution.  A
vesicle or cyst concerned  in histogeny.
  Vesicle of Evolution, V. of Development —
v. Germinal, see  Molecule — v.  Purkinjean, see
Molecule — v. Umbilical,  Vesicula umbilicalis.
  VESICLES, ASCHERSO'NIAN.  When fluid
fat and fluid  albumen are  shaken together, the
resulting tat globules  become surrounded by an
albuminous layer.  The vesicles, thus formed, are
called after Aschcrson, their discoverer.
  Vesicles of  de Graaf, Folliculi  Graafiani —
v. Seminal, Vesiculae  seminales.
  VESICOCE'LE.  Badly compounded for Cys-
tocele.
  VESTCO-U'TERTNE,  re«i"Vo-?,,e?-(-'HMS,  from
vesica, 'the bladder,'and  'uterus.'  Appertaining,
or relating to, the bladder and uterus.
  Vesico-uterine Folds, see  Uterus.
  V E S ' IC 0 -V A G " IN A L, Vesi'eo-vagina'lis,
 Vag'lno-ves'ical.   Relating to the bladder and
the vagina; as vesico-vaginal fistula.
  VESIC'ULA,  Cystinx,  Vesicle,  Blister, (¥.)
 Visicule; diminutive  of  vesica,  'a bladder.'  A
small bladder or cyst.
  Vesicula, Vesicle,  Ecjihly'sis, Cystinx, in pa-
thology, means a small orbicular elevation of the
cuticle  containing lymph, which  is sometimes
clear and colourless, but often opake  and whitish
or  pearl-coloured.  It is  succeeded,  either  by a
scurf, or by a laminated scab.
  Vesicula  jEnigmatosa, Vesicula umbilicalis
— v. Alba, Vesicula umbilicalis — v. Bilis, Gall-
bladder— v. Blastodermatica, see  Molecule — v.
Blastodermica, see Molecule—v. Chyli, Reeepta-
culum chyli — v. Erytbroidea, Erythroid  vesicle
—v. Fellis, Gall-bladder—v. Gangraenescens, see
Anthrax—v. Germinativa, see  Molecule—v. Ora-
phalo-mesenterica, Vesicula umbilicalis—v.  Ova.-
lis, Vesicula umbilicalis — v. Prolifera', see Mole-
cule— v. Prostatica, see Ejaculatory ducts.
  Vesic'ula Umbilica'lis, V. alba seu orrlphalo-
mesentei'iea seu a.nigrnato'sa seu ovalis,  Vesi'ca
intestinalis, Vitellic'ulus,  Umbilical or Intestinal,  j
Vesicle,  Vilelline  Pouch,  Vitellicle.  A small,
pyriform, round, or spheroidal sac, which, about
the  fifteenth or twentieth day after fecundation,
is of the size of a common pea, nnd probably ac-
quires its greatest dimensions in the course of the
third or fourth week.   After the seventh  week, it
becomes shrivelled and disappears insensibly.  It
seems to be situate between the chorion and am-
nion, and is  commonly  adherent either to the
outer surface of the amnion, or to the inner sur-
face of the chorion, but at times is loose between
them.   The vitelline pedicle, which  attaches the
vosicle to the embryo, is continuous with the intes-
tinal  canal;  and, 'up to twenty or thirty  days of
embryonic life, is  hollow,— Ductus om'phalo-me-
eenter'icus seu vitello-intestina'lis seu vitella'ritis,
vitelline Duct.   Its arteries are the omphalo-me-
scnteric.  The  vitelline fiuid, contained  in the
vesicle—in tho  Vite/line'or Yolk membrane—has
been  compared, from  analogy, to the vitellus or  li
yolk of birds; and, like it, is an oleaginous sub-
stance, and  presumed  to be inservient to the nu-
trition of the embryo.
  VESICULAE constitute tbe 6th  order of Bate-
man's classification of  Cutaneous Diseases.
  Vesicui./e, see Villous  membranes — v. Divas
Barbaras,  Variola  confluens — v. Gingivarum.
Aphthas—v. Pulmonales, see Cellule—v. Rotundas
cervicis uteri, Nabothi glandulas—v. Sanguinis,
Globules of  the blood — v. Seminales  mulierum,
Nabothi  glandulae —  v.  Spermaticse, Vesiculas
seminales.
  Vesiculae Semina'les.F. Semina'ria seu sjier-
mat'ica, Cap'sula seminales, Conceptac'ula serni-
naria, Gonecyslides, Sem'inal, vesicles, (¥.) Visi-
cules  siminales,  Gardouches,  Greniers, are  two
small membranous sacs, which serve as reservoirs
for the sperm, and probably secrete a fluid to be
mixed with  the sperm.  They are situate beneath
the bladder, and  above the  rectum,  behind the
prostate and to the outer side of  the vasa defe-
rentia.  Tbey are  of an irregular conoidal shape ;
flattened from above to below; embossed on their
surface, and of a grayish  tint.  Their posterior
extremity or fundus terminates by a round cul-de-
sac.   Their  anterior extremity or neck is  narrow
and elongated,  and is continuous with  the excre-
tory duct  of the  vesicula.  This  duct joins the
vas deferens, and forms with it the  ejaculatory
duct.  The interior of  the vesiculas exhibits seve-
ral cells, which communicate with each other, and
are lined by a very thin, mucous membrane.
  VESICULAR, Vesieula'rie,  (¥.)  Vieiculaire.
Of or belonging to a vesicle :—full of or contain-
ing small vesicles  or cells.   The cortical or gray
matter of the brain is sometimes termed vesicular.
See Cortex cerebri ;ind Neurine.
  VESICULE, Vesicula—v. Biliaire, Gall-blad-
der— v. du  Fiel,  Gall-bladder — v. Germinative,
see  Molecule—v. Ovulifere, see Folliculi Graa-
fiani.
  VESICULES DE GRAAF, Folliculi Graafiani
—v. de Sainte Bathe, Variola confluens—v. Simi-
nales, Vesiculae seminales.
  VESIC'ULO-TYMPANIT'IC,  Vesic'ulo-tym-
panilicns.  An epithet for a sound or resonance
heard  on percussion, which consists of tbe vesi-
cular and tympanitic sounds combined.  It occurs
when the parenchyma of the lungs  is incompletely
solidified. — Flint.
  VESPA, Wasp.
  VESSEL,  Vas,  Vasum, diminutive  Vasculum,
Angel on, Angos,  Cvnceptac'u/um,  from  (L.)  vas,
vasculum, (¥.) Vaisseau.   A  canal, more  or  less
elastic,  formed by  the  superposition of mem-
branes, and distinguished, according to  its uses
and general  arrangement, into Artery, Vein, and
Lymphatic.   See.  also, Vascular.
  VESSELOUP, Lycoperdon.
  VESSIE, Urinary bladder—v. d Colonnes, see
Urinarv bladder — v. C! de la, Collum vesicas.
  VESSIE NATA TO I RE, Air-bladder.
  VESTIBULAR NERVE, see Auditory nerve.
  VES'TIBULE,  Vestib'ulnm, from  vestio,  'to
cover.'  The porch or  entrance to  a house.
  Vestibule. Vestib'ulum, V. Vagina, Prona'us,
Atrium Vagi'na,  Amb'itus  genitalis rnulie'biis,
is a  smooth cavity  between the  perinasum  and
nymphae in  the female, which leads  to two pas-
sages— to the urethra above, aud to the vagina
below.
  Ves'tibule OF  the Ear,  Vestib'ulum, V. Inby-
ritlthi, (¥.)  Vestibule.  A cavity of an irregular
shape, which forms  part of the labyrinth  or in-
ternal  ear.   The  vestibule is situate on tbe inner
side of the tympanum  : on tbe outer  side  of the
meatus auditorius internus: before the semicircu-
lar canals, and behind the cochlea.  It is lined 
VESTIBULUM  LABYRINTIII   966           VIC-LE-COMFTE
by a particular membrane, and contains the liquor
of Cotunnius and branches ofthe auditory nerve.
There is also another membrane, constituting the
tnem'branous vestibule, but it is not an exact imi-
tation of the osseous cavity.  It is composed of
two ilistinct sacs, which open into each other —
tbe sue'cuius vestib'uli, and the sacculus.  There
are three contiguous cavities in the vestibule; one
of which, the senti-oval, is  situate above ; another,
the hemisjtherical, below;  and the third, or suic?"-
fiorm, which is the orifice  of the aquasductus ves-
tibuli, behind.
  VESTIBULUM LABYRINTIII, Vestibule of
the ear — v. Vaginas, Vestibule.
   VESTIGE (¥.)  Vestig'lum,  'a vestige,' 'a
trace.'  A kind of fracture of flat bones, consist-
ing of a simple incision  having the mark  of tho
instrument that caused it, The term is also ap-
plied  to a part of the body, which  may have no
evident use in man, and yet may be greatly em-
ployed in animals.  For example, the muscles of
the external ear in man are almost devoid  of use,
or are vestiges of what they are in certain animals.
  VESTIGIUM, Sole,   Vestige —v.  Foraminis
ovalis, Ovalis fossa — v. Pedis, Metatarsus.
  VESTI'TUS, Esthe'ma, Esthe'sis, Res  vestia'-
ria, Clothing, Dress,  Vesture, (¥.)  Vetement, from
restire, vestitum, ' to clothe.' Any substance  used
for the  purpose of covering  nakedness, or  pre-
serving from atmospheric temperature by being
worn  on the  body.   The  best clothing in  winter
is composed of articles that are bad conductors
of caloric, and do not admit of ready evaporation
of tbe matter of perspiration.   In this respect,
woollen vestments deserve the  first place,  and
cotton the second.  Colour has likewise to be re-
garded— the darkest hues transmitting the  heat
most readily through them. It has been found that
the same rule applies to odours — tbe  darker co-
lours  retaining a greater amount of odorous  par-
ticles than the lighter.   Hence the necessity of
white walls, white bed-clothes, <fec, in  the wards
of hospitals; for  it is probable thafthe like law
applies  to contagious miasms.
   VESTURE, Vestitus.
   VETA, Puna.
   VETEMENT, Vestitus.
   YETERANA,  Rubeola.
   VETE1UNARIUS, see Hippiater and Veteri-
nary.
   VET'ERINARY, Veterina'rius,  (¥.)  Viliri-
naire, from veterinns, ' that which bears burdens ;'
itself, perhaps, from  vehiterinus, from  vehere, 'to
carry.'  That which appertains to beasts of  bur-
den :  hence, veterinary  surgeon,  (see Farrier,)
veterinary college, and veterinary medicine.
   Veterinary Anatomy, see Anatomy.
   Veterinary Art, Ars seu Medicina veterina'-
ria, Ztrolasis, Zoiatrla,  Theriat'rica, Mulomedi-
clna, Zootherapla, Zootherapeil tice, Ars  zoial-
rica, Far'riery.   The art of treating the diseases,
<fec, of  cattle.
   VETERNOSITAS, Coma vigil.
   VETERNUS, Coma vigil.
   VETIYERIA  ODORATA.  Andropogon mu-
ricatus.
   YETTONICA, Betonica officinalis.
   VETULA, Sacrum.
   YEXILLA TUBARUM FALLOPII, see Tube,
Fallopian.
   YEXILLUM, Drapeau.
   VIA, Way — v. Curandi, Ratio medendi  — v.
Stomachi et ventris, CEsophagus.
   VIABILITY, see Viable.
   VI' A BLE, Viabllis, from via, ' way ;' or  from
(F.) rie, 'life,' (Orfila.)   A word, which may be
introduced with great advantage from the French
into our language.   It is  an  epithet applied to a
foetus whose organs are properly formed, and so
 developed ns to permit its continued existence.
 Every  foetus is  not  viable.   Anencepbuli  have
 lived ten or twelve days, yet they are not viable.
 The older the foetus,  the  more viable is it.   It is
 an idle prejudice that a child, born nt the end of
 eight months, is less  likely to live than one born
 at the  end of seven.   The signs of viability are
 drawn  from  the weight, length, external confor-
 mation, &c, of the foetus.  It may be laid down
 as a general rule, that no foetus born before tho
 end of the seventh month is viable.
   A'LE CHYLIFER^E, Chyliferaus vessels.
   Yl.fi  Ci.ANDES't|N,E,  Clandestine  Passages.
 Supposititious secret  ways or passages or ' royal
 roads,' to  account for the rapid transmission  of
 substances taken into tbe stomach to the kidneys
 or bladder.
   'Vije Extraordinary Lactis, Galaotoplania
I —v. Lacrymales, Lachrymal passages—v. Prima?,
J Ways,  digestive — v.  Secundap, Ways, second.
   VIAL. Pbiala,
    VIAN DES  FAISANDEES, see Hyposnprus.
   YIBI'CES. Jlol'opes, Stria,  (¥.)  Vergetures,
 'Stripes.'  Large purple spots, like  the marks
 produced by the strokes of a whip, which appear
 under the  skin in certain  malignant fevers. They
 are unfavourable indications, as they denote great
 prostration.
   YTBRAMEN, Oscillation.
   VIBRANS, Vibratory.
    VIBRA TILE, Vibratory.
   YIBRATIL'TTY,  Vibratilitas, (¥.)  Vibra-
 tiliti, from vibrare, vibration, ' to quiver.'  Capa-
 bility of being thrown into vibration.
   VIBRATIO,  Oscillation—v. Cardiaca, Palpita-
 tion— v. Cordis, Palpitation.
   VIBRATION,  PECTORAL,  see Fremitus—v.
 Tactile, see Fremitus — v. Tussive, see Tussive.
   VIBRATIONS OF SOUND, see Sound.
   VIBRATOR, Deferens vas.
   VI'BRATORY,  Vibrans,  Vi'brative, (¥.) Vi-
 bratilc, Vibratoire.   An  epithet  applied to the
 pain  that accompanies some  neuralgias, which
 seems to the patient to vibrate among the nerves.
   Vibratory Motion,  see Cilia.
   VIBRATUS, Oscillation.
   VIB'RIO : from vibrare, 'to quiver.'  A genus
 of infusory animalcules, of which different species
 are met with, — for example,  Vib'rio pro'lij'er in
 almost all putrescent fluids containing protein,
 and in the pus of chancres; in which last the V.
 lineola has likewise been found.
   VIBRIS'SvE. Same etymon. The hairs which
 grow at the entrance of the nostrils and of other
 outlets.  In the feline tribe, the whiskers.
   VIBURNUM  CASSINOIDES,  Ilex  Para-
 guensis.
   Vibur'num  Denta'tum,  Arrow Wood, Mealy
 Tree,  Tily of the Indians.  Ord. Caprifoliaceas.
 A high indigenous shrub, of the  same family as
 V. lentago;  the bark of which has been used by
 the Indians  as a diuretic.
   Viburnum Edu'le flourishes in the Hudson's
 Bay territory.   The  fruit has an  orange colour,
 and is  less acid, more fleshy, and  more agreeable
 to the  taste than the cranberry.
   Viburnum L^evigatum, Hex Paraguensis.
   VIBURNUM Lenta'gO, Sweet Viburnum, Nanny-
 berry.   A handsome indigenous tree, of the ho-
 neysuckle family—Caprifoliaceae—which flowers
 in May and June.  It  has been used as an anti-
 periodic.
    Vibur'num  Prunifo'liuji, Black  Hair,  Sloe-
 leaved  Viburnum, Sloe.  Indigenous:  flowering
 in May.   The leaves have been used as tea.
    Viburnum, Slow-leaved, V. prunifolium—v.
 Sweet, X. lentago.
    VIC-LE-COMPTE,  MINERAL  WATERS
1 OF.   Yk-le-Cotnpte is a small village in the de- 
VICARIOUS
967
VIN U M
partment of Puy de Dome, three leagues from
Issoire; where there is an acidulous chalybeate,
which is aperient.
  VICA'RIOUS, Vica'rius, from  vicis, 'change,
place.'  Taking  the place of another:—as ' vica-
rious secretion,' Secre'tio vie.a'ria; a secretion
which takes place in one part instead of another.
  VICAR'S BRAY, MINERAL  WATERS OF.
This spring  is  situate in Perthshire, Scotland,
about two miles from  Dollor, and near to Blarn- \
gone.   The water is one of the strongest chaly-
beatcs known.
   VICE, Cachosis.
   VICE DE  CONFORMATION.  Faulty for-
 mation  of a part of the body.
   VICHY,  MINERAL  WATERS OF.   Carbo-
 nated alkaline chalybeates, the sources of whieh
 are  at  Vichy, six leagues frora Moulins, in the
 department of Allier.   Tbe springs are seven in
 number.  Almost all are  thermal ; give  off bub-
 bles of carbonic acid gas, and have a slightly sul-
 phureous odour.   They deposite  enrbonates  of
 lime and magnesia, and a little  oxide of iron;
 and afford, on analysis, carbonates of lime, soda,
 iron, and  magnesia, carbonic  acid, sulphate of
 soda, and chloride of sodium.   They are  em-
 ployed as tonics, particularly in chronic affections
 of the abdominal viscera, in old catarrhs, diseases
 of the  joints, <fec.
   Vicuy Water,  Factitious, Aqua Vidcn'sis,
 (¥.) Eau de Vichy, is made of simple acidulous
 water,  impregnated with twice its bulk of carbo-
 nic acid, ^xxss ; subcarbonate of soda, gr. xxxij ;
 sulphate of soda, gr. xvj; chloride of sodium, gr.
 iv ; subcarbonate of magnesia, gr.  ss; chloride ofi
 iron. gr. J.  Mix.  Ph. P.)
   VICIA  ERVILIA, Ervum.
   Ylc"lA  FABA,  Faba, F. major seu vulgaris,
  Or'irbus  faba,  Common  Garden  Bean,   (¥.)
 Five ou Five  des marais.   Ord. Leguniinosas.
 Sex. Syst. Diadelphia Decandria.  A native of
 Egypt, of which there are many varieties. Beans
 are not easy of digestion.  They are proverbially
 flatulent,  especially  when old.  When  young,
 they are more  digestible and wholesome.  Bean
 meal was one of the four resolvent meals of the
  ancients.
    VICINITRACTUS, Erysipelas.
    VICINITRAHA, Erysipelas.
    VICTORIALIS FEMINEA, Gladiolus vulga-
  ris— v. Longa, Allium victoriale — v. Rotunda,
  Gladiolus vulgaris.
    VICTUS RATIO,  Diet.
     VIDANGES, Lochia,
    VIDIAN CANAL, Pterygoid  canal—v. Nerve,
  Pterygoid nerve.
     VIE, Life — v. Durie de la, see Longevity — v.
  Mm/enue, see Longevity.
     VIEILLESSE, Senectus.
     VIELLOTTE, Colchicum autumnale.
     VIERGE, Virgin.
     VIE ARGENT, Hydrargyrum.
    VIGILANCE, Insomnia.
    VIGILANTIA, Egregorsis.
    V10ILATI0, Egregorsis.
    VIGILIA, Egregorsis.
    VKi ILTjE, Egregorsis—v. Nimiae, Coma vigil.
    VI(i ILIUM, Egregorsis.
     VIGNE, Vitis  vinifera — v. Blanche,  Bryonia
  nlbn__,.. de  Judie, Solanum  dulcamara—v. du
  A'ord, Humulus lupulus—v. Vierge, Bryonia alba.
     VIGXETTF, Spiraea ulmaria.
     V/GXOHI.F, Mercurialis.
    VKi OR, Acme.
    VILLA  FRANCA,  (CLIMATE  OF.)   This
 little town is situate immediately to the eastward
 of  Moiitalbaiio, which separates the bay of Villa
 Franca, from  that of Nice.  It is  on the southern
 declivity of a steep and lofty range of mountains;
and is more  effectually sheltered from the north
and north-west winds than Nice, with the climate
of which that of Villa Franca closely corresponds.
  VILLI, see Villous membranes.
  VILLOUS,  Villo'sus, (¥.) Villeux, from villus,
'a hair.'
  Villous  Membranes  or Coats, Vejbumen'ta
Bombyc"ina, (¥.) Membranes villeuses, Membranes
veloutis, are  such as are covered with soft papilla?)
or  Villi, Flocci, Floc'culi, Vesic'ula, Cyliu'dri,
Tttbi Jlembrana'cei, constituted of blood-vessels,
nerves,  and absorbents;  or such  as are covered
with fine  down, so as to  cause them to  feel soft
and velvety.  The term  is, however, chiefly re-
stricted to the former.  Chaussier gives tbe name
simple villous  membranes  to  the serous  mem-
branes; and that of complicated or follicular vil-
lous membranes to  the mucous  membranes.
   VIN, Wine—v. de Bordeaux,  Claret — v. de
Poulet, see Poulet—v. de Quinquina composi, Vi-
num de kinS, kina compositum—v. Rouge il Oporto,
Vinum Portugallicum — v. Sec, Sack.
   VINAIGRE, Acetum, see Aceticum acidum—
v. Scillitique, Acetum scillas—v. de Bois, Pyro-
ligneous acid.      y
   VINAIGRES MEDICINAUN, Acetica.
   YINCA MINOR, V. jierrin'ca, from vincio, 'I
bind,' because of its usefulness in making bands.
 Clem'atis daphnoVdes major,  Lesser periwinkle,
 (¥.)  Pervenche, Violette  des  Sorcicrs.   It  has
 bitter and  astringent properties,  and has been
 used in gargles  and diseases of the chest.
   VINCETOXICUM, Asclepias vincetoxicum.
   VINCTURA, Fascia.
   YINCULA, Fascia.
   VINCULUM, Bandage,  Lien — v. Cnninum,
 Frasnum  penis—v. Linguae, Frasnum linguae—v.
 Prasputii, Frasnum penis—v. Umbilicale, Funicu-
 lus umbilicalis.
   VINE, Vitis vinifera—v. Grape, Vitis vinifera.
   Vine Poison, Rhus radicans.
   Vine, Wild,  Pareira.
   VINEGAR,  AROMATIC  SPIRIT  OF,  see
 Aceticum acidum.
  "Vinegar of Cantharides, Acetum enntharidis.
   Vinegar, Common, Acetum — v. Distilled, see
 Aceticum acidum — v. Estragon, Artemisia dra-
 cunculus— v. Marseilles, Acetum aromaticum.
   Vinegar of  Meadow Saffron, Acetum  col-
 chici— v. of Opium,  Guttas nigras.
   Vinegar, Radical, Aceticum  acidum.
   Vinegar of Squills, Acetum scillas—v. ofthe
 Four Thieves, Acetum aromaticum.
   Vinegar, Thieves', Acetum aromaticum — v.
 Whey, see  Acetum.
   Vinegar of Wood, see Aceticum acidum.
    V1NETTE,  Rumex acetosa.
    VINETTIER, Oxyacantha Galeni.
    VINEUN, Vinous.
   VINOLENTA, see  Temulentia,
   VINOLENTIA, Temulentia.
   VINOSUS, Vinous.
   VINOUS,  Vino'sus, (Eno'des,  (Enoi'des,  (F.)
  Vinettx,  from vinum,  'wine.'   Relating to wine.
  Having  the  character of,  or resembling, wine.
 Made of wine.
   VINUM, Wine, Sherry wine (Ph. U. S. 1842).
 See Wine.  A medicinal wine, (F.) Vin midicino',
  Onoli, Onolature.
   Vinum Absinthi'tes, Wine ofi Wormwood. (Fol.
 absinth, exsic, absinth. Pontic, aa ,~vj- vini all,
 Oiv.  Macerate for 24 hours,  and suain.  Ph. P.
 Stimulant,  tonic,  febrifuge, vermifuge.
   Vinum Adustu.m, Brandy — v. Album, c
 wine (Ph. U. S. 1S51), see Wine—v. Album His
 panicum, see Wine — v. Album Montanum,
 Wine.
   Vinum Al'oes, V. aloe's Socotod'na seu aloet'
 icum seu aro'mo-aloeticum, Tinctu'ra hi'era,Tinct 
VINUM                  968                  VINUM
t('?-a sacra, Wine  ofi Aloes.  (Aloes in pulv.  5 j,
cardam. cont., Zingib. cont., aa ^j > v'"i alb. Uj.
Macerate  for 14  days, and  filter.  Ph.  U.  S.)
Purgative and stomachic, according to the dose.
Dose, f|j to fgij.
   Vinum Amarum, V. Gentianae comp.—v. Aina-
rum scilliticum, <fec, V. diureticum amarum — v.
Amarum cum spiritfi vini, V. gentianae  composi-
tum— v. Antimoniale, V. antimonii tartarizati —
v. Antimoniatum Huxhami, V.  antimonii tartari-
zati—v. Antimonii potassio-tartratis, V. antimonii
tartarizati.
   Vinum Antimo'nii, V. antimo'nii tartariza'ti seu
tartra'tis antimonii seu antimo'nii jiotas'sio-tar-
tratis seu benedic'tum seu antimonia'tum Huxha'-
mi seu  antimoniale seu emet'icum, Liquor tar'tari
emet'ici,  Essen'tia  antimonii  seu stib'ii,  Aqua
benedic'ta Rulan'di, Solution ofi tar'tarized anti-
mony, Antimonial wine. (Ant. et Potass, tart,  yj,
vini albi f.^x.  Dissolve the tartarized antimony
in  the wine.  Ph.  U. S.)  Each fluidounce con-
tains two grains of  the tartrate.
   The  ordinary  Antimonial wine  is  made with
glass of antimony  -$j, sherry Oiss.
   Ward's Red Drop consists of a  strong  vinous
solution of tartarized antimony.
   Vinum AntiscorBu'ticum, Antiscorbii'tic wine.
(Rail, armoracia  recent, ^j, fiol. cochlearia  re-
cent., nastitrtii aquatic, trif'ot. aquatic, semin. si-
nap., aa ^ss, ammonia muriat. 3'j> vnl- albi Oij.
Macerate for 36  hours; filter, and add tinctura
eoclilcnr. %^ss.  Ph. P.)   Stimulant  and tonic.
Do.-e, f^ss to fgij.
   Vinum Aromat'icum, Aromatic ivine.  (Species
aromatic.  ,^iv, vin.  rubr. Oij.   Macerate for 6
days and  filter.  Ph. P.)   Stimulant and tonic.
Used, externally, in  fomentations,  embrocations,
•fee.
   Vinum Aromo-aloeticum, V. aloes — v. Bene-
dictuvn,  V. antimonii tartarizati.
   Vinum Campa'num, V. Campana'ceum.  Cham-
pagne wine.  A ■well-known  sparkling  wine  of
France.   See Wine.
   Vinum Canarinum, see Wine—v. Chalybeatum,
V. ferri — v.  Cinchonae compositum, V. de kina
kina comp.
   Vinum Col'chici,  TI  Colchici Radi'cis, Wine
of Colchicum, Want's Eau d'Husson.   (Colchic.
rad. bene contus. Ibj, vini alb. Oij.   Macerate  for
14 days, with occasional agitation, and then ex-
press strongly, and  filter.  Ph. U. S.)  It may
also be prepared by displacement.   Diuretic,  se-
dative,  and  purgative.   Chiefly used  in gout.
Dose, gtt. 40 to f3j.
   Reynolds's  Specific for gout and rheumatism
consisted of tbe  fresh bulb of  Colchicum §viij,
Sherry  wine, f^xvj.  The colchicum was  mace-
rated for eight or ten days in the wine, at a gentle
heat; coloured with syrup of jtoj*pies  and  fla-
voured  with  rum.   Reynolds  is  said  to  have
killed himself by taking an over-dose  of it.
   Vinum Colchici Radicis, V. colchici.
   Vinum Colchici Sem'inis,  Wine of Colchicum
seed.  (Colchic  sem. cont.  §iv; i??'?n  alb. Oij.
Macerate for 14 days, with  occasional agitation,
then express and filter. Ph. U. S.)   Dose, f£j to
'So-
   Vinum Crematum, Brandy.
  Vinum Diuret'icum  Ama'rum,  V.  amarum
scilliticum compositum in Charita'tis Nosocomi'o
nsitrjia'tum, Bitter diuretic wine. (Cort. cinchon.,
Winteran., Union., aa ^ij, rhua toxicodendr., acil-
la, cacumin.  angelica, aa &*s, fiol. abeinth., me-
lissa, aa t^j. baccar. junijt., macis, aa ^ss, vin.
alb. Oviij." Macerate and filter.  Ph. P.)   Stimu-
lant, tonic, and diuretic.  Dose, f^ss to f^iss.
  Vinum Emeticum, V. antimonii tartarizati.
  Vinum  Er'gotje,  Wine  of Ergot.   (Ergota,
cont., ^ij; vini alb. Oj.  Macerate for 14 days,
 with occasional agitation; then express and filter.
 Ph. U. S.)  Dose, rrVxx to  f^j to produce the
 peculiar effects of ergot.
   Vinum Feruatum, X. Ferri.
   Vinum Ferri, 1".  Chalybea'tum  seu fierra'tum
 seu Martia'tnm seu Martis,  Tinctura  Martis vi-
 no'sa  seu Martis  cum vino, Steel wine, Wine of
 Iron.   (Iron wire, £j ;  Sherry  wine, Oij (Imp.
 meas.).  Digest for thirty days and  filter.  Ph. L.)
 Tonic.  Dose, f^j to l.^iv.
   It is sometimes made by adding two jiints of
 wine to two ounces ofi iron filings ; macerating and
 filtering.
   Vinum Gentia'NjE,  V.  G.  Compos'itum  seu
 Ama'rum seu Amarum cum  spiritu Vini, Infu'-
 sum ama'rum vino'sum, Compound wine  ofi gen-
 tian, Wine bitters. (Rati, gentian, lutea '$*>', cort.
 cinchon. offic ^j, c-«?-f. aurant. £ij, canella alb,
 5jj, alcohol,  dilut. f ^iv, ri'in alb. Hispanic. Oijss.
 Ph. E.)  Dose, f 3j  to fgvj.
   Vinum Hippocraticum, Claret—v. Hispanicum,
 Vinum, see  Wine—v. Hordeaceum, Cerevisia—v.
 Hydatodes,  see Hydatoid.
   VlNUM Ipecacuan'HjE,   Ijrecacrtan'ha wine.
 (Ipecacuan. cont.  ^ij, vini alb.  Oij.)  Macerate
 for 14  days, express, and filter.   Emetic and  dia-
 phoretic.  Dose, as an emetic, f^iv to fgx.
   Vinum de Kina Kina Compos'itum, V. cincho'-
 na compositum, Comjtound bark  trine, (F.) Vin de
 quinquina comjiosi.    (Cort.  cinchon. pulv. Ibss,
 quassia, cort.  Winteran., cort.  aurant. sice, aa
 gss, alcohol. (12°  to 22° Beaume) Oj.  Macerate
 for 24  hours;  and add vini albi Ovj.  Macerate
 for four days, and filter.  Ph. P.)   Tonic, febri-
 fuge, and stomachic.   Dose, f t^ss to f.-f ij.
   Vinum  Martiatum, V. ferri —  v. Martis, V.
 ferri—v. Medicatum, see Claret.
   Vinum Medicina'lI, Medicated  Wine.   Wine,
 holding in solution one or more  medicines.   Me-
 dicinal wines are  obtained by macerating or di-
 gesting medicinal  substauces in  wine.   They
 differ,  of course, according to the  nature of the
 medicine employed,  the strength ofthe wine, <fec.
 In a late Pharmacopoeia of the  London College,
 all the wines were changed into weak tinctures;
 but the old names were left unaltered.  Sherry is
 the wine usually employed.   The  following  are
 medicated wines.
  Vinum Merum, Acratum—v. Nicotianas tabaci,
 V. tabaci — v.  Opiatum  fermentatione paratum,
 Laudanum abbatis Rousseau.
  Vinum O'pii,  V. de opio compos'itum,  Laud'-
 onum  liq'nidiim  Sy denim'mi  seu  Hoffman'ni,
 Tinctu'ra Theba'ica, J17)ie ofi Opium, Sydenham's
 Laud'annm, Ford's  laudanum.   (Opii in pulv.
(^ij ; cinnam. cont,, caryojihyll.  cont. aa 3J,  vini
albi Oj.  Macerate  for  14 days;   express  and
filter.—Ph.  U. S.)  Narcotic.    Dose, gtt. xv to

  Vinum de Opio  Compositum,  V.  opii—v. Pica-
tum, Pissites.
  Vinum Portugal'liciim, V. rubrum, (Ph. U. S.
1851,)  (F.) TV?? rouge d'Oporto.   Wine of Portu-
gal or  of Oporto.  Port wine.   A strong  astrin-
gent wine, not much  drunk in the United  States;
but greatly used in England.
  Vinum Qui'nIjE, Wine ofi Qui'nia.  ( Wine  Ibij,
sulphate ofi quinia gr. x.  Mix.)  Dose, f 3 iss or
more;  according as  it is used ns a  stomachic, or
to arrest ague.   A  Vinum  Cincho'nia may be
made in the same  way.
  Vinum Rhei, V. It. palma'ti, V. Rhabarbari,
 Tinctura Rhabar'bari Vino'sa, Elixir Rhei dulce,
E.  R. Compos'itum,  Rhubarb Wine.    (Rhei
cont. ^ij, canella  cont. ^j, alcohol, dilut. f ^ij,
vini albi, Oj. Macerate for 14 days; express  and
filter. — Ph. U. S.)   Laxative  and  stimulant.
Dose, f^T^ t° f.-fiss.
  Vinum Rhei Palmati, V. Rhei—v. Rhenanum, 
VIOL
969
VIROSUS
Bee Wine —v. Rhabarbari, V. rhei palmati —v.
Rubrum, V.  Portugallicum —v. Rubrum Portu-
gallicum, see Wine.
   YlNl'M Tab'aci, Vinum Nicotia'na Tabaci, To-
hto-'eo Wine.  (Tabac. incis. gj, vini albi, Oj.
Macerate tor 14 days ;  express and strain.  Ph.
 U. S.)   Narcotic, diuretic,  and  antispasmodic.
In dropsical  cases,  colica  pictonum, and  ileus.
Not used.   Dose, gtt. xx to xxxvj.
   Vinum Vera'tri,  V. V. albi,  Wine of White
 Hellebore.   (Veratri  cont. £\v ;  Vini albi, Oj.
 Macerate for 14 days, express and filter.—Fit. U.
 S.)  In cutaneous affections, and in gout.   Dose,
 ten minims.
   Vinum Veratri Albi, V. Veratri—v. Xericum,
 see Yinum.
   VIOL, Stuprum.
   VI'OLA, Viola odora'ta seu mar'tia, Ion, Ma-
 tronalis, Viola'ria, Sweet Violet,  (¥.)  Violette
 d bouquets,  V.  odorante.  Ord. Violaceas.   The
 flowers of the sweet violet, have a pleasant, peeu-
 culiar odi'iir, and scarcely any taste.  They are
 slightly  laxative.
   Viola Cani'na, V. sylves'tris, Dog  Violet.  The
 root of this plant is emetic and cathartic.   Dose,
 di-
   Viola  Ipecacuanha,  see  Ipecacuanha — v.
 Lutea, Cheiranthus cheiri—v. Martia, Viola—v.
 Odorata, Viola—v. Palustris, Pinguicola vulgaris.
   Viola Peda'ta, Viola, (Ph. U. S.)   This in-
 digenous violet, which  grows from New England
 to Carolina, is regarded by some  as a useful de-
 mulcent in pectoral affections.
   Viola Sylvestris, V. Canina.
   Viola Tri'color, Jace'a tricolor,Herba seu Flos
 Trinita'tis,  Heart's ease,  Pansy,  Pensy, Pansies,
 (Prov.) Beedy's eyes,  Biddy's  eyes,  (¥.) Perrsie,
 P. sauvage.  The decoction of this beautiful little
 plant has been recommended in diseases  of the
 skin, <fec.  Its roots are, also, emetic and cathartic.
   VIOLARIA, Viola.
   VIOLET, DOG, Viola canina—v. Dog's Tooth,
 Erytbronium Americanum.
   Violet Bloom, Solanum dulcamara.
   Violet, Sweet, Viola.
   VIOLETTE A BOUQUFTS,Yio\a—v. Odor-
 ante  Viola—v. des Sorders,  Vinca minor.
   VIOL IE R JAUNE, Cheiranthus cheiri.
   YIOKNA, Clematis vitalba.
   VIPER,  EGYPTIAN, Aspis — v. Ten-inch
 long, Echidna ooellata.
   Viper Grass, Scorzonera.
   VIPERA, Coluber berus.
   VIPERARIA, Aristolochia  serpentaria,  Scor-
 zonera.
   YIPERINA VIRGINIANA, Aristolochia ser-
 pentaria,
   VIPERINE DE  VIRGINIE,  Aristolochia
 serpentaria.
   VIPER'S DANCE, Chorea.
   VIR, Aner, Penis—v. Effoeminatus, Gynascaner.
   VIKAGO. see Pogoniasis.
   VIREUX, Virulent.
   YIRGA,  Penis—v. Cerea, Bougie—v. Cerebri,
 Pineal eland.
   YIRGILLA. Cladrastis tinctoria,
   VIRGIN, Vin/o, genitive virginis, Par'thenus,
 Expers nuptial-urn,  (¥.)  Merge, Pucelle.   A fe-
male who has never had sexual intercourse.  Ap-
plied, also, occasionally  to  the male so circum-
stanced.
   VIRGIN-MARY  THISTLE, Centaurea bene-
dicta.
   YIR'GINAL, Virgina'le.from vtt-go, Virginia, 'a
virgin.' Tbe external genital organs of the virgin.
   Virgin \l Membrane, Hymen.
   VIRGINTA. MINERAL WATERS OF. There
are sc\ eral celebrated mineral springs in Virginia,
on the western side of the Blue  Ridge.   Two
Thermal springs exist  in  Bath  county.    The
IFa?-m Sjiring, as it is called, issues with  a bold
stream, sufficient to turn  a  mill, and to keep the
water of its basin at the temperature of 97°.  The
Hot Spring  is a few miles  from the warm.  Its
temperature is 107°.  They are both slightly sul-
phureous.  The Sweet Springs are at the eastern
foot  of the  Allegheny, in Botetourt county; 42
miles from the Warm Springs.  The waterhas a
temperature of 70°, and is highly impregnated
with carbonic acid.   The White Suljihur, as well
as the Red  Suljihur, and Salt Sulphur Springs,
are also  much  celebrated.   The  Red Spring is
affirmed  to  exert a sedative  influence  on the
pulse, diminishing  tbe  number  of  its  beats.
Prof.  W. B. Rogers analyzed the water  of the
White Sulphur, and found  it to be composed as
follows: — Gaseous contents in a  wine gallon.
Sulphuretted hydrogen, 2-5  cubic inches, carbonic
acid,  2;  oxyyen, 1-448;  nitrogen,  o-5b2.—Total,
9-5.   Solid  contents in a pint;  sulphate of mag-
nesia, 5-588  grains; suljihate of lime, 7'744; car-
bonate of lime, 1-150 ; chloride of calcium, 0-204;
chloride ofi sodium,  O'LSO ; oxide ofi iron, a trace;
loss, 0-410.  Total,  15-276 grains.
  Tbe Rockbridge Alum  S/irings are  situated 17
miles west of Lexington, and are in much favour.
Their solid constituents are said to be,—sulphate
of potassa, 1-765 gr.; sulphate of lime, 3-263 ; sul-
phate of magnesia, 1-763: protoxide of iron, 4-863;
alumina, 17-905 ;   eremite  of ammonia,  0-700;
chloride of sodium,  1-008 ; silicic acid, 2\840 ; free
sulphuric acid,  15-224; free carbonic acid, 7"536
— water 5S315-133.   They are   used in  dys-
pepsia, scrofula, chronic diarrhcea, and cutaneous
affections.   Tho Bath Alum Springs are about 17
miles west of the  Rockbridge  Springs, in Bath
county.  They  consist of  free sulphuric acid,
7'878 grs ; carbonic acid, 3-846 : sulphate of po-
tassa, 0-258; magnesia, 1-282: lime, 2-539; pro-
toxide of iron,  2U776; alumina, 12-293; crenate
of ammonia, 1-776; silicate of soda, 3-150; water,
58317-202. They are more chalybeate than tbelast.
  About 15  miles from  Staunton are Stribling'a
Springs — a sulphuretted water; and near Wttr-
reuton, in  Fauquier county, there is  a  sulphu-
reous water, called  Lee's Springs,  which is much
frequented.  Berkley or Bath, and  Capon Springs
are likewise celebrated.
  Virginia. Hymen.
  VIRGINIS YITIATIO,  Defloration.
  VIRGINTTY, Vit-f/itlitas, Parthenei'a, Integ'-
ritas, Jlaid'enhood, Jlu'alenhead, (F.) Virginiti,
Pmilage; from virgo, virginis, 'a  virgin.'  The
state  of one  who has never  had carnal commerce.
  VIRGIN'S   BOWER,  COMMON,  Clematis
vitalba, Clematis Virginica—v. Bower, upright,
Clematis recta—v. Sweet-scented,  Clematis flam-
mula.
  Virgin's  Milk,  Lac Vir'ginis  seu Virgina'le,
(¥.) Lait virginal.  A tincture of benjamin  or
of any other balsam, precipitated by the addition
of water, which  gives  it  a milky appearance.
Also, sub-acetate of lead precipitated by water. It
has been used as a cosmetic  to remove freckles, <fec.
  VIRGIN ITAS DEFLORATA, Defloration.
  VIRGO, Virgin—v. Aurea, Solidago virgaurea.
  VIRGULA. Penis.
  VIRTDE  iERIS, Cupri subacetas —v. Monta-
num. Cuprum.
  VIRILE, Penis.
  VIRILES'CENCE: from i-i'r-Vi--?, (vir, 'aman,')
'  manly.'  The state of the aged female in which
she assumes certain of the characteristics of the
male. — Mehliss.
  VIRILLA,  Pudibilia.
  VIRILITY,  Adult age.
  VIROSUS, Virulent. 
VIRTUE
970
VITAL
  VIRTUE, Faculty.
  VIRTUS FORMATRIX, Plastic force — v.
Plastica, Plastic force.
  VIR'ULENT,  Virnlen'tus,  Viro'sus, (¥.) 17-
reux, from virus.   That which  is of the nature
of a virus or which is caused by a virus.  Highly
noxious.
  VIRUS, from vis,  'force,' plural vires [?].  A
Latin word, which signifies poison ; but which,
in  medicine, has  a somewhat  different accepta-
tion. By it is understood a principle, unknown
in  its nature and inappreciable by the senses,
which is  the agent for the transmission of infec-
tious diseases.  Thus we speak  of  the variolic,
vaccine, and syphilitic viruses.  Virus differs from
venom in  tho  latter being a secretion natural to
certain  animals, whilst the former is always the
result of a morbid process, — a morbid jtoison.
  Virus, Ichor, Poison,  Sanies — v. Vaccine, see
Vaccina — v.  Vitale, Sperm.
  VIS, Force—v. Adhassionis,  Cohesion  (force
of)—v. Attractionis, Cohesion  (force  of) — v.
Aucta, Sthenia — v. Cohassionis, Cohesion  (force
of)—v.  Conservatrix, V.  medicatrix naturae —
v.  Elastica,  Elasticity — v. Essentialis,  Plastic
force.
  Vis Expul'trix.  The organic force by which,
it was  supposed,  the useless was removed from
the body.
  Vis Formativa, Plastic force — v. Generatrix,
Potentia  generandi—v.  Imminuta, Asthenia—v.
Insita, Irritability—v. Irritabilitatis, Irritability.
  Vis MediCA'trix  Natu'r^S, V. couserva'trix,
Autocrati'a,  Autonomia,  Anlocrato'ria, Anthy-
giun'sis,  Autothcrajiei'a,  Physiat'rice,  Physio-
autocrati'a, Physiautocrati'a, (¥.) Force tnidica-
tn'ce.  A term, employed  by  some, to express
that instinctive healing power, in  an animal or
vegetable, by virtue  of which  it can repair inju-
ries inflicted upon it, or remove disease.
   Vis Metabolica, Metabolic  force.
  Vis  Mor'tua,    Under  this  name Haller in-
cluded  the mechanical properties of membrane,
—flexibility, extensibility, elasticity, &e.—which
are totally independent of the  vital properties.
They remain  some time after the complete ex-
tinction of life in all its functions; seem to be
connected with the mechanical  arrangement of
particles  and  the chymical composition of the
substance in  which  they reside, and not to be
affected until  the progress  of decomposition has
become sensible.
   Vis Muscularis, Myodynamia—v. Nervorum,
Nervous  power—v. Nervosa, Nervous power—v.
 Plastica, Plastic  force—v.  Reproductiva, Plastic
force — v. Vitae, Irritability.
   Vis Vita'lis, Vis seu Fac'ultas  Zo'tica,  (¥.)
 Force vitale.   The vital force — Biod of Baron
 Yon Reichenbach—which distinguishes  living
 matter from the dead.   Also, Irritability.
   Vis Zotica, Yis vitalis.
    VISAGE, Countenance.
   VISCAGO  BEHEN, Cucubalus behen.
   VISCERA, Entrails.
   VISCERAL, Splanchnic.
   YISCERALIS, Stomachal.
   YISCERATION, Exenterismus.
    VISCERES, Entrails.
   VISCONIA, Physconia.
   VISCUM  ALBUM, Ixos, Ix'ia,  Dabach, Mis'-
 tletoe, (¥.) Gui, Gui de Chine, Gillon.  A para-
 sitic plant, which grows on a  number  of trees.
 Order, Loranthaceas.  Sex. Syst. Dicecia Tetran-
 dria.  That ofthe oak—Viscum querclnum—has
 been most celebrated, but it does not differ from
 the others.   It was, at  one time, much used in
 epilepsy and  other neuroses; the wood or leaves
being given in powder, in the dose of ^ss or £j.
The berries, also called Pommes himorrho'idai,»,
from  their supposed  virtues,  are  drastic;  and,
when applied externally, are maturative.
  Viscum Capen'se.   A South African pnrasitio
shrub, which grows on the  stems of several spe-
cies of Rhus and Euclea.
  Viscum Flaves'cens, V. verticilla'tum, Yellow
or  Yellowish  Mis'tletoe,  indigenous,  has  been
given in  similar cases as the Viscum album.
  Viscum Verticillatum, V.  flavescens.
  VISTO, Pupil, Vision.
  VIS'ION, Sight,  Vislo,  Visits,  from  riderc,
visum, 'to see;'  Opsis, Omnia,  (¥.) Vue.   Tbe
action of seeing.  The sight  is. one of  the five
senses, and  the  eye  is  its organ.   By it wo
distinguish  colours,  and appreciate most of tho
physical qualities of external-objects.  The eye is
composed of different transparent  media, whose
curvatures and refractive powers are so combined
as to render insensible the aberrations  of spheri-
city and  refrangibility, and to concentrate tbe
numerous  rays proceeding from  more  or less
distant objests.   These  rays  traverse, succes-
sively, the  transparent cornea, the  aqueous hu-
mour, the crystalline, the vitreous humour, and
strike upon  the  retina, on which they impress
the  figure of the  object whence they  have pro-
ceeded ;  and, in order that no obscurity may arise
from the reflections  that might otherwise occur,
the anterior ofthe eye is lined by a membrane—
the choroid—which is itself covered internally by
a dark pigment.   This absorbs the light, like the
dark pigment  in the interior of telescopes, and
thus  obviates confusion.  As the rays proceeding
from an object must  cross each other in  their
course to the  retina,  it follows  that  those pro-
ceeding  from the upper part of an object  must
fall upon the lower part  of the retina, and con-
versely ;  so that  the  object must be impressed
upon the retina in an inverted position ; yet ex-
perience teaches us to appreciate the position ac-
curately.
   Vision,   Binocular,  see  Binocular — r. Co-
loured,  Chromopsia — v. Double,  Diplopia — v.
Iridescent,  Chromopsia — v. Manifold, Polyopsia
— v.  Multiple, Polyopsia—v. Phantasmatum,
Metamorphopsia. — v. Single,  see Binocular.
   VISNOMY, Physiognomy.
   VISORIUM ORGANUM, Eye.
   VISORIUS, Visual.
   VIS'UAL,  Visna'lis,  Viso'rius,  (¥.)  Visuel.
Same etymon as Vision.  That which  concerns
the sight or belongs to vision.
   Visual Angle is  the  angle formed by the
crossing of two rays, proceeding  from opposite
points of any body, in their passage through the
pupil. It is by the size of this angle that we judge,
to a certain extent, of  the dimensions of objects.
   VISUEL, Visual.
   VISUS,  Vision — v.  Acris,  Oxydercia—v.
Aerior, Nyctalopia — v. Coloratus, Chromopsia—
v. Debilitas, Asthenopia — v. Decolor, Achroma-
 topsia—v. Defiguratus, Metamorphopsia—v. Di-
 midiatus, Hemiopia—v. Diurnus, Hemeralopia—
 v. Duplicatus, Diplopia—v. Hebetudo, Amblyopia
—v. Juvenum, Myopia—v. Lucidus, Photopsia—
 v.  Muscarum, see Metamorphopsia — v. Nebulo-
 sus, Nebula—v. Nocturnus, Nyctalopia—v. Seni-
 lis, Presbytia.
   VITA, Life—v. Propria, Irritability.
   VITAL,  Vita'lis, Biolic, Biolicus, (¥.)  Vital,
 from  vita,  'life.'  Relating  or appertaining  to
 life.
   Vital Capac"ity, Pulmon'ic or Lung capacity.
 A term employed by Dr. Hutchinson to designate
 the number of cubic inches of air, which a person
 can forcibly expire after a full inspiration. 
VITALBA                971             VIVIPARITY
  Vital Dynamics, see  Dynamic—v. Force, Yis
vitalis.
  Vital Pkin'cipi.i;, Flamlnnla seu Aura vita'- ||
lis, JIt'crocosme'tor, (¥.)  I'lamme  vitale,  Vital j!
Flame.   The principle which, in association with I
matter,  as in organized bodies, controls its mani- |
festations and  properties, and  distinguishes  or-
ganized  matter from tbe inorganic.  We know
nothing of this principle, except in its connexion
with organization.
   Vital Properties, see Properties, vital — v.
Statistics, Statistics, medical.
   VITALBA. Clematis vitalba.
   VUTALISM, Vitalism'„s.  The doctrine of the
vitn/ist — i-ita/is'ta — who ascribes every function
of the organism to the direct agency of the vital
principle.
   VITALIST, see  Vitalism.
   VITAL'ITY, Vital itas, (¥.) Vitallti, fromvita,
'life.' Tbe vital principle: also, used in the sense
of vital action or movement.
   V ITALIZE.  To endow with life.
   VITALS,  Vita'lia.   Parts that are necessary
for life — the heart,-lungs, and nervous centres
more especially.
   VITARO'BORANT,   PALMER'S.   A farina-
ceous preparation, which appears to consist of a
mixture of the red or Arabian  lentil  and wheat
Hour, the latter in  considerable amount,  sweet-
ened  with sugar.   It bears considerable resem-
blance to Revalenta.
   VITELLARY, Vitelline —v. Membrane, Zona
 pellucida.
   VITELLINE, Zona pellucida.
   VIT'ELLINE,  Vitetlinus,  Vit'ellary, Lecitho'-
 les, from ritellus, 'the yolk of  an egg.'  Apper-
 taining  to  or  resembling  the  vitellus or yolk.
 Also, the yolk membrane.  See Vesicula umbili-
calis.
   Vitelline Disc, Proligerous  Disc — v. Fluid,
see Vesicula umbilicalis.
   Vitelline Peii'icle or Apoph'ysis is the pedi-
 cle which attaches the  umbilical vesicle  to  the
 embryo.  See Ve-sicula umbilicalis.
   Vitelline  Pouch,  Vesicula umbilicalis — v.
 Vessels. 0 in pb a I o- mesenteric.
   V1TELLO-MESENTERIC,  Omphalo-mesen-
 teric.
   YITELLUM OVT, see Ovum.
   VITELLUS OVI, see Ovum.
   VITEN,  from vieo, 'I bind'[?]; V. Agnus Cos-
 tus seu  vcrticillala, (¥.) Gatti/ier,  Petit Poivre,
 Poivre de moine ou sau'rnge.   Ord. Verbenacese.
 Sex. Syst. Didynamia Angiospermia.  The Chaste
 Tree.   The  seeds, when fresh, have a fragrant
 smell, and  an acrid, aromatic  taste.   Formerly,
 they  were celebrated as  antaphrodisiacs.
   VITI SALTUS, Chorea,
   VITIA  PRIM^E CONFORMATIONS,  see
 Monster.
   VITIATIO. Stuprum.
   VITILIGINES, Ephelides.
   VITILIGO, Lepra—v. Alphus,  Lepra alpho-
ides—v. Melas, Lepra nigricans—v. Nigra, Lepra
 nigricans.
   YITILIGOI'DEA, from vitiligo, and ttSos,  're-
 semblance.'  A disease  of the  skin,  so called
from its resembling tbe  vitiligo of Willan.  It
appears under  two forms; either as tubercles—V.
tnbero'sa__varying from the size of a pin's head
to that of a large  pea, isolated or confluent; or as
yellow patches of irregular  outline, slightly ele-
vated, ami  with but little hardness— V. plana.
   VITIS  ALBA  SYLVESTRIS,  Bryonia alba
— v.  Apyrena, see V. Corinthiaca.
   Vitis Corinthiaca.   Ord.  Yitaeeiv.   Sex. Syst.
Pentandria  Monogynia.  'This plant affords the
 Uva  Corinthiaca  pifsa mino'res, Pussa Corin-
thiaca, Fas'aula mino'res,  Corinthiaca, Currants,
(¥.)  Raisins de Corinthe; which  are  the dried
fruit of tlie  Uifi"» Corinthinca or Vitis ajryre'na;
and  are similar, in their properties, to the raisin.
  Vitis IdjEa Mvutillus, Vaccinium myrtillus
— v. Idaea Palustris, Vaccinium oxycoccos — v.
Iduea punctata, Vaccinium vitis idasa—v. Sativa,
V. vinifera.
  Vitis  Vinif'era,  V.   sati'va,  Am'pelos,  A.
CEnoplloros,   Grape  vine,   Vine,  (¥.)   Vigne.
Vine leaves  and the  tendrils have an  astrin-
gent  taste,  and were  formerly used  in diar-
rhoea, hemorrhage, <fec.   The juice or sap, called
Lac'ryma, has been recommended  in calculous
disorders  and in cases  of chronic  ophthalmia.
The  juice of the unripe  fruit is called Verjuice.
The  Grape, Lea, Botrys, Staph''yle, Rhax, (F.)
Raisin, when ripe, is a wholesome delicious fruit;
and, when dried, forms the Uva passa majo'res,
Pass'ula majo'res, Uva passa sole sicca'ta, Lva
passa (Ph. U. S.), Zibeba, Raisins.  These  are
inodorous; and to the taste, sub-acidulous, sweet,
and  mucilaginous.  They are demulcent and  nu-
tritive.
  VITIUM, Disease — v. Caducum,  Epilepsy.
  Vitium Conforma'tionis.   A disease or fault
of conformation.
  Vitium Divinum,  Epilepsy — v.  Herculeum,
Epilepsy — v.  Scrophulosum,  Scrofula.
  VITRARIA, Parietaria.
  VITRE. Hyaline.
  VITREO-CAPSULITIS, Hyalitis.
  VITREOUS,  Hyaline —v.  Humour,  Corpus
vitreum—v. Humour of the ear, Vitrine auditive.
  VITREUS, Hyaline.
  VITREUX, IIvaline.
  VITRINA  OCULARIS, Corpus vitreum.
  VITRINE  AUDITIVE  (¥.), from  dtrmn,
'glass;'  A'quula vilrea  auditlva,  End'olymph,
Liquor or Fluid of Scarpa,  Vitreous Humour of
the Ear.   The fluid contained in the membranous
labyrinth of the ear,  so  called from  its  resem-
blance to the vitreous humour of the eye.
  VITRIOL,  Ferri sulphas —v. Blue.  Cupri  sul-
phas—v. Green, Ferri sulphas—v. Roman, Cupri
sulphas — v. White,  Zinci sulphas.
  VITRIOLUM ALBUM,   Zinci  sulphas —v.
Ammoniacale, Ammoniae  sulphas—v. Ca?ruleuni,
Cupri sulphas—v. Cupri, Cupri sulphas—v.  Cy-
prium, Cupri sulphas—v. Ferri, Ferri sulphas—v.
Goslariense, Zinci sulphas—v. Martis, Ferri  sul-
phas— v. Romanum, Cupri  sulphas—v. Veneris,
Cupri sulphas—v. Viride, Ferri sulphas—v. Zinci,
Zinci sulphas.
  VITRUM, Hy'alos, Glass,  Brando, (¥.) Verre.
Glass, coarsely powdered, has  been  sometimes
used to remove specks of the cornea.
  Powdered glass has been  regarded, but erro-
neously,  as a poison.   It acts only mechanically.
  The saline  scum,  which swims  on glass when
first made, has been  used in tooth-powders.  It  is
called Sandiver, Sel  de verre, Glass Gull,  Fel
vitri, (fee.
  Vitrum Antimonii, see Antimonii vitrum — v.
Hypoclepticum, Separatorium — v.  Oculare,  see
Spectacles — v. Sublimatorium, Aludel.
  VITTA, Bandelette, Caul.
  VITTA RIA  CETERACH, Asplenium cete-
rach.
  VITTIE  YAYR,  Andropogon muricatus.
   VIVACE,  from  vtvttx, viraeis,  (virere,  'to
live,') 'living long, tenacious of life.' An  epithet
given by Levret to uterine polypi, which he con-
siders to be, commonly, vegetations of some ulcer
in the interior of the uterus,  and incurable.
  VIV.ESECTIO. Vivisection.
  VIVERRA CIVETTA, see Civetta.
   VI VIP A RE, Viviparous.
   VIV1PARITE, see Viviparous. 
VIVIPAROUS
972
VOMICA
  VIVIP'AROUS, (F.)  Vivipare,  from  Writs, I
'alive,'and  pario, 'I bring forth.'  An epithet I
applied to animals whose young are brought forth
detached, without requiring to be hatched, as in
the  Oci/iarous.   The  condition  may  be termed
 Vidp'tt'-ousiiess, (¥.)  Vidpariti.  See Generation.
  V1YIPAR0USNESS, see Viviparous.
  VIVISECTION, Vivisec'tio,  Vivasec'tio, Bio-
tom'ia, from vivus, 'alive,' and secare,  section, 'to
cut.'  The  act of opening  or dissecting living
animals.  One who  performs  vivisections is a
vivisector.
  VOCAL,  Oral—v.  Cords, see Cords, vocal — v.
Ligaments,  see Cords, Vocal—v. Tube, see Tube,
vocal.
  YOCALIS, Vowel.
   VOCE DI PETTO, see Voice —v.  di Testa,
 see Voice.
  VOICE,  Vox,  Aude, Phone,  (¥.) Voix, from
 vocare, 'to  name, to call.'   An appreciable sound
 produced by the air, when driven from the lungs,
 throwing the inferior ligaments of tbe glottis into
 vibration.  The function by which this is effected
 lias been called  Phona'tion.  It  is  a function of
 animal  life;  and, in animals,  is limited to  the
 production  of the simple  or instinct'ive voice, as
 well as in the idiot;  but, in intellectual man, be-
 comes much more complicated and articulated,—
 an evidence of his intellectual superiority.
   Voice, Artic'ulated, Speech, Loqtte'la, Glossa,
 Glotta, La'lia, Phrasis, (F.) Parole, Voix articu-
 lie, is the voice as produced by  the  glottis, modi-
 fied by the  motions of the tongue, lip, and other
 parts of the vocal tube. Most physiologists agree
 in  regarding the glottis, or tbe space between
 the tbyro-arytenoid ligaments plus the ligaments
 themselves, as the part where  vocal  sounds are
 formed ; but the  mechanism of this formation is
 a matter of dispute.   The greater part of indivi-
 duals regard the glottis  and its ligaments, with
 the vocal tube, or the space which tbe sound  has
 to  traverse  after it is produced  in the glottis, as
 a reed instrument, like the clarionet,  the inferior
 ligaments of the glottis constituting the reed.  In
 speech,  as  ordinarily effected,  the tongue, lips,
 teeth, Ac,  are  concerned, but there are some
 authentic cases  on record, where it has been ac-
 complished after the tongue has been  removed.
 In  such cases, the articulated voice must have
 been produced in the glottis alone, or in it aided
 by an obscure action of the parts above it.
   The singing voice is not limited to the larynx;
 the  pharynx would seem to be concerned also.
 The notes  that  are  produced in the  latter have
 been termed supra -laryngeal, or notes ofthe second
 register. They  constitute the  jtharyngeal voice,
 falsetto  or faucette voice or voce di testa (I.),
  Voix de tete, Voix de fausset (¥.). The  laryngeal
 voice or voice ofi the first register,  Chest voice, is
 the  Voce di Petto (L),  Voix  de Poitrine (¥.).
 The laryngeal voice, which is always more  ele-
 vated, by  an  octave,  in  the female than in the
 male, furnishes the types called Sojtrano, Alto or
  Contralto,  Tenor and Bass.  The first two belong
 to  the  female  voice; the last two to  the male.
 The Baritone is between the bass and tenor.
    Voice, Bleating,  Egophony — v. Cavernous,
 Pectoriloquy — v. Chest, see Voice, articulated.
    Voice, Chol'eric, Vox Choler'ica.  The pecu-
 liar husky  voice  of those affected with cholera.
    Voice,  Convul'sive,  Vox   convulsiva,  (¥.)
  Voix convulsive.  A  neurosis of the voice, con-
 sisting  in  the production of discordant sounds —
 acute and  grave—which cannot be brought to the
 natural tones by any effort of volition.   It seems
 to  be  caused by disordered  contraction of  the
 muscles of the larynx.
    Voice, Falsetto,  see Voice — v. Goat's, Ego-
 phony— v. Laryngeal, Laryngophony, see Voice
—v. Pharyngeal, see Voice—v. Tracheal, Laryn-
gophony.
   VOIE, Way.
   VOIES  DIGESTIVES,  Ways, digestive — r.
Lacrymales, Lachrymal passages-—v. Premieres,
Ways, digestive—v. Secondes, Ways, second — t'.
Urinaires,  Urinary passages.
   VOILE DU PALAIS, Velum pendulum  pn-
!ati — v. Jlidullaire infiirieure, Velum  medullare
inferius — v.   Midullaire  sttpirieure,   Valvula
Vieussenii.
   VOIX, Voice — v. Aigre,  see Acid — ?-. Articu-
lie,  Voice, articulated, Pectoriloquy — ?;.  Boitr-
donnante,  see  Resonance — v. Bronchique,  Re-
sonance— v. Oaverneuse,  Pectoriloquy — ?-. Chi-
vrotante, Egophony — v. Egojrhonique,  Egophony
—v. de Fausset, see Voice, articulated—r. tie Poi-
trine, see Voice, articulated — v. de Polichinille,
Egophony—v.  Sinile, Egophony—v. de Tete. see
Voice, articulated—r.  Tubaire, see Resonance.
   VOLA, Palm—v. Manus.  Palm—v. Pedis, Sole.
   VOL A XT D'EA U, Nympbasa alba.
   VOLATICA, Lichen.
   VOLATILIZA'TION,  Volatilisa'tio, Volatisa'-
tio,  from volare, ' to  fly.'  The operation of redu-
cing volatilizable substances into gas or vapour.
   VOLATISATIO, Volatilization.
   YOLIT"ION, Volillo,  from  volo,  'to will.'
The act of willing.  Hence;
   VOLIT"IONAL,  relating  to  volition.   Thus
the  muscles  may be moved by a volitional or by
an emotional impulse.
   YOLNUS, Wound.
   VOLONTAIRE, Voluntary.
   VOLONTE, Voluntas.
   VOLSELLA, Acanthobolos, Forceps, Madiste-
rium— v.  Patini,  Valet d Putin.
   VOLTAISM, Galvanism.
   VOLTES, Countenance,  Face.
   VOL'UNTARY, Hecu'sius,  Volnntilrins,  (¥.)
 Vofontaire, from voluntas, 'will.'   Relating to tbe
will; as 'voluntary  muscles;' muscles which act
in obedience to the will.
   VOLUNTAS, Voletltia.   Arbit'rium, Cupid'-
itas, Bottle'sis,  Bnle'sis,  Thele'ma, (¥.) Volonti,
from volo, 'I will.'  Will or desire.
   Volun'tas seu Cupid'itas Desedend'i, Lubl-
do intestini.   The desire to go to stool.
   VOLVA, Vulva.
   VOLVULUS, Ileus —v. Intestinorum, Intus-
susceptio.
   VOMENDI  CONAMEN INANE, Vomituri-
tion.
   VOMER,  'a  ploughshare;'   Os  vo'meris, Os
maxilla superio'ris nridec'l'mum, Ara'trum.  One
of the bones of the face, so  called from its  resem-
blance. It is an azygous bone, forming the pos-
terior part of the septum narium.  It is thin, flat,
and quadrilateral; and is  articulated, below, to
 the superior maxillary and palatine bones; and
 above, to the Fphenoid, ethmoid, and  cornets  of
 Bertin. It is developed by a single point of os-
 sification.   Also, the penis.
   VOM'ICA, Pyocys'tis,  from vomere, 'to  vomit,'
 ' to cast up.'   (F.) Vomique,  Crachement  de juts.
 A term used by some authors for any encysted
 collection  of purulent  matter in the interior of a
 viscus.  The acceptation is commonly, however,
 restricted  to purulent collections in  the lungs,
 encysted or not, which may be discharged by tbe
 mouth, by breaking  into  the  bronchial tubes.
 Two kinds of  vomicae are distinguished;  the one   ,
 caused by the softening or breaking  down  of
 pulmonary tubercles;  the  other, of much  more
 rare occurrence, formed by a circumscribed  abscess
 of the lungs.   Instead of opening into the bron-
 chia, the abscess is sometimes discharged into the
I cavity of  the pleura, causing empyema. 
VOMICINE               973                 VULVA
  YOMICTNE, Brucia.                          |
  VOMIQUE, Vomica.
  VOMIQU/ER, Strychnos nux vomica.
  VOJIISSEMENT, Vomiting — v.  de  Sang,
ILcmatemesis.
  VOMIT,  Emetic —v. Black,  Fever, yellow,
Melasna.
  Vomit, Dry, of Marriott.  A once celebrated
emetic, called 'dry,' from its having been  given
without solution.  It consisted of equal portions
of tartrate of antimony and potassa, and sulphate
of copper.
   VOJIITIF, Emetic.
  VOMITINE, Emetine.
  VO.MTTING, Vom'itus,  Vomil'io, Vomil'tttm,
 Vomltum, Evomillo, Ana'trope, Em'esis, Palmus
vom'itus, AEgritildo ventric'uli, Spewing, Puking,
Sickness of the Stomach, (Old Eng.) Parbreaking,
(Sc.) Hoicking, Bocldng, Braking, Brocht, (Prov.)
Hnllnping,  (vulg.) Casca'ding, Casting,  (¥.) Vo-
missement,  from vomere, vomitum, ' to throw up.'
The act by which solids and liquids, contained in
the  stomach, are ejected by the mouth.  Vomit-
ing  is the effect of some special irritation  of the
 nerves of the stomach, calling, by reflex action,
 on the appropriate muscles to expel the contents
 of the viscus.  It is not accomplished solely by
 the  contraction of the stomach, as was for a long
 time believed.  That organ, indeed, assists in the
 process; but the  main cause is the compression
 exerted  upon the  parietes of the viscus  by the
 diaphragm  and abdominal muscles.  Vomiting is
 a symptom  common to numerous diseases.  At
 times,  it is sympathetic, as in  affections  of the
 kidney, uterus, brain, Ac.  At others, it is symp-
 tomatic, as  in  gastritis,  peritonitis,  Ac.  When
 very troublesome,  it may often be palliated by
 effervescent draughts,  aromatics,  sinapisms,  or
 blisters  to the epigastric region,  Ac.
   Vomiting at  Pleasure, Regurgitation — v.
 of Blood,  Hasmatemesis — v.  Stercoraceous, Co-
 premesis.
   VOMITIO, Vomiting—v. Sanguinis,  Hasmate-
 mesis.
   VOMITIUM, Vomiting.
   VOMITO NEGRO,  Fever, yellow —v.  Prieto,
 Fever, yellow.
   VOMITORIUM, Emetic.
   VOMITORY, Emetic.
   VOMITUM, Vomiting.
   VOMITURITION, Vomitnrit"io,Emes'ia, Dy-
 semesla, Subver'sio stom'achi.   Same etymon as
 Vomiting.   Ineffectual efforts to vomit; Vomen'-
 di cona'men  ina'tie, Retching, Reaching, Heav'-
 ing, (Old Eng.) Bolke, (Sc.) Bole, Bock, Braking.
 Some authors mean, by this term, a  vomiting of
 but little matter,  or that which is effected almost
 without effort.  The first acceptation is the most
 general.
   VOMITUS, Vomiting—v. Cruentus, Hasmate-
 mesis—v. Fasculentus, Copremesis — v. Marinus,
 Nausea marina—v. Navigantium, Nausea marina
 __v. Niger, Fever, yellow—v. Pituitosus, Blenne-
 mesis—v. Profusus, Hyperemesis—v. Purulentus,
  Pyemesis—v. Sanguinis, Hoematemesis—v. Ster-
 coris, Copremesis.
   VOORARA, Curare.
   VOTIVE  TABLET, Tabula votiva.
   YOUACAPUA   AMERICANA, Geoffraea in-
 ermis.                ,
    VOUSSURE   PRECORDIALE,   'Prascor-
 dial arching or prominence."   The elevation or
 nrchino- of  the parietes of the thorax, witnessed
 in certain thoracic affections, as in hypertrophy
 of the heart.
    VOlJTE  Vault—v. Midullaire, Corpus cal-
 losum-!'. ii Trois Piliers, Fornix.
   VOWEL,  Voca'lis,  from  Latin vox,  vocis, 'the
voice,'and roco,'to call.'  (F.) Voyelle.   Physi-
ologically, a continuous breath or sound, produced
in the glottis;  but more or less modified by the
form of the vocal tube, through which it has to
pass.  In the English language, a, e, i, o, u, to,
and y, are vowels.
  VOX,  Voice — v. Cholerica, Voice, choleric —
v. Clangosa, Oxyphonia — v. Convulsiva,  Voix
Convulsive—v.  Nasalis,  Rbinophonia—v. Rauca,
Raucedo, Raucous voice—v. Raucisona, Raucous
voice.
   VOYELLE, Vowel.
   VUE, Vision — v. Basse, Myopia — v. Courte,
Myopia — v. Diurne, Llemeralopia — v.  Faille,
Amblyopia —v. Longne,  Presbytia — v. Louche,
Strabismus—v. Nocturne, Nyctalopia.
  VULGA, Vulva.
  VULNERA  SCLOPETARIA,  see  Wound —
v. a, Sclopetis, see Wound.
   VULNERA1RE, Vulnerary — v. Suisse, see
Falltranck.
   VULNERARIUS, Traumatic.
   VUL'NERARY,  Vulnera'rius,  Tranmat'icns,
 Traumatic, from minus, vulneris, ' a wound.' (F.)
 Vnlniraire. A name applied by the ancients to
medicines,  which they considered capable of fa-
vouring the consolidation of wounds.   The pro-
perty has been ascribed  to various plants.
   VULNERATIO NERVI, Neurotrosis.
   VULNERUM VINCTURA, Deligation.
   VULNUS, Wound — v. Laceratum, see Lace-
ration — v. Sclopetarium, AVound, gun-shot — v.
 Simplex, Cut.
   VULNUSCULUM, Wound.
   VULPIS MORBUS, Alopecia.
   VULTUEUN (¥.), Vultuo'sus.  Corvisart has
used the expression, Face vitltucuse, Fa'cies vul-
 tuo'sa,  for  the face when it  is  more  florid and
 swollen than in the natural state.  This appear-
 ance, which is observed in active aneurism of the
 heart,  according  to  Corvisart,  is  owing  to the
 afflux of blood into the  arterial capillaries, and
 hence differs from the livid and swollen appear-
 ance caused by the  accumulation of blood in the
 venous  capillaries, constituting the Face injectee.
   VULTUS, Countenance, Face—v. Tetricus et
 Moestus. Scythropasmus.
   VULVA, Uterus, see Vulva.
   Vulva,  volva (formerly, the uterus, especially
 of animals).   Hortus, Cumins, Puden'dum mtilie'-
 bre, Sinus pudo'ris, Ictar, Choiros, Arvnm, Bucca,
 Bult/a,  Cadur'cus, Cnstos, Femen, An1'nidus. Femur
 snmmiim, Follic'ulus, Fundus, Gre'niium, llin'tus,
 Lanu'vium, Navis,  Oppitlltlum, Sjrccns,  Vitlga,
  Cymba, Cysthus, Sottas, Clitor'ium, Os'tinm, Sul-
 cus, Aniph icons'tis, Concha, Parens, Porta, Inter-
 femin'eum, Jlulie'bria,  Fossa magna  mulie'bris,
 Episei'on, Es'chara, Hor'tulus cujiidlnis, Boiilul-
  lios,  Byssos,  Cava,  Carer'na,  Delphys,  Delta,
 Fov'ea,  Gynace'um,  Loci  mtdie'bres,  Female
 puden'dum, Female organs of generation, Fe-
 male parts, (¥.) Vulve.  A longitudinal opening
 between the projecting parts of the external or-
 gans of generation in the female, extending from
 the mons veneris to  the perineum, and which is
  called,  also,  Fossa  magna.  Some  anatomists
  mean, by  this term, the whole of the external
  genital organs of the female: — mons veneris;
| labia majora, and the cleft or vestibule separating
| them; the clitoris; nymphae; meatus urinarius;
r  entrance of the vagina; with the  hymen or the
j carunculae  myrtiformes,  fossa naviculars  and
I fourchette.
   Vulva,  Fora'men commti'ne ante'rius, Iter seu
|  Ad'itus ad irrfundib'itlum, I. sen Ad'itus ad ter'-
!  tium ventric'ulum, Rima ad infundib'ulnm, Aper-
  tu'ra  ante'rior ventric'uli  ter'tii  cer'ebri.  An 
VULVA IRE
974
WATER
opening situate at the junction of the optic tha-
lami, in the third ventricle of the brain, and im-
mediately  beneath  the  anterior crus  of the
fornix.
   VULVAIRE. Chenopodium vulvaria.
  VULVAR,  Vulva'ris, from vulva.  That which
relates to the vulva.   Chaussier gives this name
to the external pudic nrterics, because  tbey aro
distributed to the vulva.
  VULVARIA,  Chenopodium vulvaria.
  VUL VE, Vulva.
  V ULVI'TIS. a hybrid word, from vulva, and ills,
denoting inflaniinatioii. Inflammation ofthe vulva.
  VI LVU-UTER1NE CANAL, Vagina.
w.
  WABRAN LEAVES, Plantago.
  AVAD, Graphites.
  AVAHOO, see Euonymus.
  AVAIR, see Pila marina.
  WAISTCOAT, STRAIT, Indu'cula, (¥.) Ca-
misole, Gilet de fiovce.   A dress, used for restrain-
ing maniacs, or those labouring under violent
delirium.   It has long  sleeves,  which are tied
behind the body, so that the arms cannot be ex-
tricated  from  them.  It ought, of course, to be
made of very resisting materials.
  WAKE-ROBIN, Arum maculatum, Trillium
latifolium.
  WALE, Wheal.
  WALKING, Gressus, Inces'sus, Deambula'tio,
Ambula'tio, Bad'isis,  (¥.) La Man-he, Progres-
sion.  Sax. Peak an,  ' to walk.'  The  action by
which we change place, by means of a succession
of steps in the  same direction.  In walking for-
wards, the centre of gravity is constantly altered ;
and a  series of small, parabolic curves  is de-
scribed  on the heads of the thigh-bones, the ex-
tent of which is regulated by volition, under the
guidance of vision.
   WALLA'CHIA,  MINERAL WATERS OF.
There are many excellent sulphureous  springs in
this country, especially those  at  Bobotsch, Fin-
ceschti,  Sibitscbiudi Suz, Brasa,  Otschin,  Serbo-
nescbte, Kimpalungi, Kosia, and Oloneschti, Cha-
lybeate and saline springs have, also, been  found
at Sibitschiudi  Suz.—Siller.
   WALLFLOWER, Cheiranthus cheiri.
   WALLRUE,  Asplenium ruta muraria.
   WALL-TEETH, Molar teeth.
   WALNUT, Juglans regia — w  Black, Juglans
regia—w. White, Juglans cinerea.
   WALTHE'RIA  DOURADINHA.   A  plant
of Brazil,  Order,  Sterculiaceas, which is used
there in  diseases of the  chest, and in venereal
affections.  It is a demulcent.
   WALTON,  MINERAL  WATERS OF.  A
mineral spring  near Tewkesbury, in Gloucester-
shire, England.  It is an acidulous chalybeate.
   WAMPEE. Peltandra Virginica.
   WANGTEETH, Molar teeth.
   WANT, from past participle of Sax. panian,
 'to wane,' 'to fall away.' 'Need of that which is
 necessary.' (F.) Besoin.  This word is  sometimes
 used to  express  the  imperious  necessity  which
 impels  us to take food, drink, Ac.  (See Hunger
 and Thirst.)  In a more general  sense, it means
 the impressions transmitted by the organs to the
 brain, when it  is necessary that they should act:
 these wants are called instinctive desires  and ?'??-
 tenia! sensations or stimuli.  Such are the desires
 or wants  to eat, drink, void  the urine, breathe
 (besoin de resjrirer), Ac.
   Want, in the sense of indigence, (L.) Egestas,
 Indiqen'tia, is the cause of a  number of diseases.
   WARBURG'S FEYER-DROl'S, see Bebeeru.
   WARD'S ESSENCE FOR THE HEADACH,
Linimentum camphorae compositum — w.  White
Drops,  see Hydrargyri nitras.
  AVARE,  see Pila marina.
  AVA RIS ON, Stomach.
  AVARK,  Pain.
  AVARMBRUNN, MINERAL AVATERS  OF.
Much  frequented  springs  in Silesia,  about a
league from Hirschberg.   They are thermal, 95°
to 100° Fah., ar.d are chiefly U6ed as baths.  The
impregnating  materials  are carbonate  of soda,
sulphate of soda, sulphate of lime, chloride of so-
dium,  carbonate of magnesia,  and  sulphohydrio
acid gas.
  AVARM  SPRINGS,  see Georgia, Mineral  wa-
ters of, and A'irginin, Mineral  waters of.
  AVARNERA CANADENSIS, Hydrastis Cana-
densis.
  AVARRENTON SPRINGS, see Virginia, min-
eral waters of.
  AVART,  Arerruca — w. Corneous, Cornu — w.
Moist, Acrothymion..
  AVARTY, Ver'rucose,  Ver'rueous, Verruco'sus,
from Sax.  peapt.  Full  of  warts.   Resembling,
relating, or belonging to  warts.
  AVaetv Tumour of Cicatrices.  A name given
by  Mr. Howship to tbe tumour, which sometimes
appears on an old scar, many years,  perhaps, after
tbe  injury that caused  it.   The  ulcer, formed
under such circumstances, has  been called the
warty ulcer ofi Jfarjolin — having  been  well de-
scribed by  that surgeon.
  AVASH,  BLACK, see Hydrargyri submurias —
w. Phagedenic, see Hydrargyri submurias — w.
Preventive, Lotion, Hannay's — w. Red, Lotio
rubra, and Lotion, camphorated, of Bales — w.
White,  Liquor plumbi subacetatis  dilutus—w.
Yellow, see Hydrargyri oxymurias.
  WASHERWOMAN' S SCALL,  Psoriasis
diffusa.
   WASHITAW  SPRINGS, see Arkansas, min-
eral waters of.
  AVASP,  Vespa,  Sphex, (¥.) Guejre.  A genus
of gregarious insects, like the  bee   and  the  ant.
They are armed with a sting,  which pours a poi-
sonous fluid into  the puncture made by  it.   (See
Poisons, Table of.)  The best application is the
sp. ammoniae aromaticus, or some preparation of
ammonia.
   WASSERBURG, MINERAL AVATERS OF.
Wasserburg is a town  of Bavaria,  seated on tho
Inn, 28 miles  east of Miinich.   The water, called,
also, Aqua. Aga'tii, contains carbonic acid ; car-
bonates of lime and magnesia ; sulphates of limo
and magnesia; chloride  of sodium, carbonate of
soda and oxide of iron.
    WASSEItKUR, Hydrosudotherapeia.
   WASTING, Consumption, Tabes.
   AVATER, Sax. pietep, (G.) AV a s s e r, Aqua,
 Hydor, 'ii&tttp. Alma, (¥.) Eau, Protoxide of hy-
 drogen.  Water was at one time  regarded  as  a
 simple element.   It is now known to  consist of
 eight parts by weight of oxygen, and one of hy-
 drogen.  It freezes at 32°, and boils  at 212 of
 Fahrenheit; and is taken  as the  unit in all ta-
j bles of specific gravity of solid and liquid  tub- 
AV ATER
97 1
AVATER
stances.  AVater, as we meet with  it, is very dif- 11
ferent in  its state of purity ; generally, it contains |
small quantities of saline matter; at other times,
as in sea-water and mineral waters, it is largely
impregnated.   The characters  of  water, as met
with under ordinary circumstances, are well com-
pared  by Celsus, "Aqua levisst'ma jtlttvialis est;
ddutle /ontanit; turn ex flumine ; turn ex jmteo ;
post, hac ex uive, nut glacie ; grarior his ex luctt;
aradssima  ex jmlude."  Pure water is one of the
hcst diluents that can be used.   AVhen cold, and
especially when iced, it is one of the most useful
refrigerants; and, in the form of the cold, tepid,
and warm  bath, it is serviceable in  numerous
diseases.
   Water of Aix-la-Chapelle, see Aix-Ia-Cha-
pelle — w. Allflower,  Urine,  cows' — w. Alum,
 Bates's,  Liquor aluminis compositus — w. of car-
 bonate of Ammonia, Liquor ammoniae subcarbo-
 natis—w. Anise, see Pimpinella anisum—w. Ap-
 ple, Apple-tree—w. Barley, Decoctum hordei.
   Water  Bed, Hydrostatic  bed.  A  bed, con-
 trived by Dr. Arnott, which, in  consequence of its
 being placed on water, is well adapted for the
 bedridden.
   AVater, Binelli, Aqua Binellii.
   AVater  of Bitter Almonds, Aqua Amygdala-
 rum concentrata.
   Water  Blebs, Pemphigus—w. Brash, Pyrosis.
   Water, Brocchieri, Aqua  Brocchierii — w.
  Camphor,  Mistura Camphorae.
   AVater  Canker, Cancer aquaticus.
   AVater,  Caraway,  see  Carum  carui — w.
  Caraway,  strong, Spiritus carui — w. of Cassia,
  see Laurus Cassia.
   AVater  Caster, see Uromantia.
   AVater, Cherry Laurel, see Prunus  lauro-
  cerasus—w. Chicken, Chicken-tea—w. Chlorine,
  see Chlorine—w. Cinnamon, Aqua cinnamomi —
  w.  Cinnamon, strong, Spiritus cinnamomi —w.
  Cologne, Eau de Cologne.
    Water Cure, Hydrosudotherapeia.
    AVater, dill, see Anethum  graveolens.
    AVater, Distil'leo, Aqua destillelta, (¥.) Eau
  distillie, Hydrolat, Holy Water, is generally or-
  dered in  extemporaneous prescriptions,  but is
  rarely used.   In some cases, however, it is abso-
  lutely necessary ; —the water, containing any sa-
  line impregnation—hard water, for example—de-
  composes  certain substances.   Distilled water has
  been recommended as a diet-drink in  cancerous
  affections  ; and it is used in the religious ceremo-
  nies of the Catholic church.   In  the Pharmaco-
  poeia of the  United  States, it  is directed to  be
  made as follows : — Take  of  water, ten gallons.
  First distil two  pints, and throw  them  away ;
  then  distil eight gallons.  Keep the distilled  wa-
  ter in glass bottles.
    Distilled waters,  (¥.)  Hydrohits,  consist  of
  common  water, charged by distillation with  the
  volatile principles of  medicinal agents.   Sec
  Aquas destillatae.
  Water-doctor, see Uromantia.
  Water-dressing.   The  treatment  of wounds
and ulcers by tbe application of water.  It gene-
rally  consists in  dipping folds of lint in water,
and placing them on tbe part:—the whole being
covered with oiled  silk, elastic gum, or spongio-
piline.  Water strajijting or wet strapping means
the treatment of ulcers, and certain cutaneous
affections  of the  extremities, Ac, with strips of
linen  or cotton  saturated with water.
  AVater, Elder, see  Sambucus — w. Epileptic,
of Langius, Langii aqua epileptica—w. Feuuel,
Aqua fceniculi.
  AVater Flag, Yellow, Iris pseudacorus.
  AVater, Florida,— a celebrated perfume,—
may be made  of 01. Bergami f^iv;  Tinct. ben-
zoin,  c. f^ij ; Alcohol, cong.
  AVaterfuight, Hydrophobia.
  AVater, Goulard, Liquor plumbi  subacetatis
dilutus.
  AVater, Hard.   Common water, which de-
composes and curdles  soap ;  in contradistinction
to soft water, which is  readily miscible with soap.
The  hardness  of water depends  upon the pre-
sence in it of  earthy  salts, the most  common of
 which is sulphate of lime.
   Water, Hell, see Toddy.
   AVater, Holy, AVater,  distilled— w. Honey,
 see Mel.
   AVater in the Head, Hydrocephalus.
   AVater, Hungary,  Spiritus rosmarini.
   AVater Jags, see Varicella.
   AVater, Lake, Aqua ex lacil, (¥.)  Eon de lac,
 is apt to be impure,  from decayed  animal and
 vegetable  matters.  A great deal will, however,
 depend upon  the  magnitude of  the collection,
 and the degree of stagnation.
   AVater, Laurel, see  Prunus lauro-cerasus —
 w. Lavender,  Spiritus lavandulae — w. Lead, Li-
 quor plumbi subacetatis dilutus — w. Lemonpeel,
 see  Lemonpeel Tea—w. Lime. Liquor calcis—w.
 Lime, compound, Liquor calcis compositus — w.
 Magnesia, aerated, Magnesia, fluid—w. Magnesia,
 carbonated, Magnesia, fluid.
   AVater, Marsh, Aqua paludo'sa, (¥.) Eau de
 JIarais, is the most impure of all.   It is generally
. more stagnant, and of course more  loaded with
 decomposing animal and vegetable matters.
   Water, Medicated, see Aquae medicatae.
   AVater, Mineral,  Aqua  mineralia seu  sahl-
 bris  seu  medicn'ta  seu  Sote'ria,  Fans  saluta'ris
 seu medica'tus seu sote'rius, (¥.) Eau minirale ou
 midicinale naturelle.  AVater, holding in solution
 different saline and gazeous substances in suffi-
 cient quantity to be possessed of medicinal pro-
 perties, or of a  temperature different  from that of
 the ordinary springs of the country.
   The following Table by  Dr.  Pereira exhibits
 the composition of some cf  the principal mineral
 waters. 
FIXED  CONSTITUENTS
                          ENTERING  INTO  THE  COMPOSITION  OF  SOME  OF THE MORE  CELEBRATED

                                                               MINERAL  SPRINGS.

                                                            Proportions in 10,000 Parts of Water.

Note. — In reducing the analyses contained in this Table to a unilorm measure, in order to render them susceptible of direct comparison with each other, the old English
     gallon is assumed to be as = 58,338 grains ; the wine pint = 7305 grains;  the imperial gallon = 70,000 grains ;  and the German 16-ouncc measure = 7368 grains.

                         The different salts have been reduced to their elementary constituents by Wollaston's scale of  chemical equivalents.


                                                                         THERMAL.
San Restituta.
Gurgitello....

Wiesbaden ...
Carlsbad Sprudel
St. Nectaire....
Vichy  .........
Kms (KrHnchensque
Olmitello.........
Bath (lying's Bath)
Mont d'Or.......
Geyser...........
(.'luuujcs Aigues ..
Rvcutn [Roikum] .
Bristol Hot well ••
Sehlansrenbad.....
Teplit;............
Buxton...........
Country.
Ischia...

Ditto---

Nassau..


Bohemia

France.
Ditto...
Nassau.
Ischia..
England
Franca .
Iceland.
France ■
Iceland.
F.njlmd
Nassau.
lenua
'land
	Acids.			ISases.		Oxide of Iron.	Silica.	Sum.
Carbo-nic.	Sulphu ric.	Muri-atic.	Soda.	Lime.	Mag-nesia.			
0	19.30	29.05	34.50	2.08	2.35	3.19	0.40	94.44
14.55	9.05	11.18	31.45	2.95	2.38	1.39	0.56	74.03
1.38	0.87	33.09	31.99	5.29	0.92	0.05	0.26	57.63
7.45	14.50	6.40	21.55	1.75	0.85	0.02	0.75	54.59
15.13	0.87	13.00	23.90	2.45	1.14	0.14	1.00	53.94
15.81	1.55	0.72	21.47	0.27	0	0.01	0	42.75
20.32	0.76	2.43	14.87	2.65	1.45	0.65	trace	42 74
0	6.91	5.95	5.98	0	1 80	0	0 42	24.43
2.38	8.71	0	2.79	5 29	0.77	0.03	037	20 53
2.86	0.36	2.05	4.74	0.90	0.28	0.01	2.10	13.39
0	0.81	1.32	2.74	0	0	0	5.40	10.75
3.07	0	o.8>;	3 12	1.01	0 59	0.15	1.16	9.96
0	0.71	1.55	2.43	0	0	0	3.73	8 47
1.02	2.25	1.17	1.17	0.82	0.43	0	0	8.19
3.50	0	0.8D	2 42	0.90	0 53	0	0	6.96
1.89	0.40	0.2 J	2.62	0 'id	0.18	0.03	0.42	6.24
0.78	0.06	0.28	1 0.19	1.01	0.04	0	0	2.70
Authority and
    Date.
Giudiee.
Ditto ...
Kastner, 1823.
Berzelius,1822<>

Berthier.......
Ditto..........
Kastner,  1830 ..
Giudiee........
Phillips........
Beriliie........
3hek, 1791 ....
B-rilner.......
Black, 1791 ....
Cirnek,  1797 ••
Kastner,  1823 ..
Ber/.clius,1322..
Scudjniure, 1820
Remarks.
Iron in the state of ferruginous alumina ;
  sub-borate of soda 2.79.
Iron as in Sun Restituta.
Free carbonic acid 18 9 ; azote ; pot-ash
  0 83 ;  alumina  0.56 ;  oiganic extract
  2.37.
Minute traces of phosphoric and fluoric
  acids,  strontian, alumina, and  man-
  ganese.

                           [nese 2.42.
Alumina, a  trace;  oxide  of manga-
Potash 2.73.
Magnesia, by  Scudamore.

Alumina 0.48.

Alumina .005.
Free caibonic  acid 12.99.
Free carbonic  acid 6 0.
Phosphoric acid ;  poia-h; alumina-
Azote 2.01, bv Fca:>uii. 
COLD.
War's  Bridge.
Pull,hi........
Seidschutz
Leamington (Royal Pump)...
Harmwirate (old sulphur well)
Airtlircy (first spring).......
Cheltenham (old well).......
Hartlell aluminous chalybeate
Isle of Wight...............

Maricnbad (Ferdinandsquelle)
Dunblane (norlh spring)......
Vals.......................
Bilin.......................
Franzenbad (Franzensbrunn).
Pitcaithly..................

Roisdorf..................<
Epsom.....................
Sellers (Nieder).............
Facliinguii..................
Sod.ni......................
m. .ir.it.....................
I'v rn ion t...................
Marienfe's..............

Strathpeffer (pump-room)
Ceil.lau................
AVeilbi.i-h..............
Hartlell Spa............
Lauren soh wal bach   (Weill
  briimi)..........
Sua..............
cm- )
Carlsbad (Sauerling)
Tunbi-idge..........
MaUciiN...........
Scotland
Bohemia

Ditto---

England.
Ditto....
Scotland
England.
Scotland
England.
Bohemia

Scotland
France ..
Bohemia
Ditto....

Scotland
Rhenish
  Prussia
England.
Nassau. .
Dnto....
Ditto---
Scotland
Germany

Nassau..
Scotland
Nassau. .
Ditto---
Scotland
Nassau..
Belgium
Bohemia

Kn-iland.
Ditto---
 0
 4.63

 4.81

 0
 1.20
 0
 0
 0
 0
 9.52

 0.30
22.48
20.51
 5.44
 0.30

 6.76
 2.50
 5.37
11.49
 3.35
 0
 4.03

 4.83
 0
 6.00
 3.61
 0
 3.81
 6.63
 0.28
 0.20
 0.32
203.00 !  0.18
182.83  17.20
97.43   1.13
20.80
 0.80
 4.25
11.05
63.23
48.58
27.60
 223
 0.29
 3.10
18.50
 0.73
 2.50
14.80
 0.18
 0.12
 0 07
 2.80
 9.83

 0.18
 9.32
 0.07
 0.81
 2.76
 0.12
 0.51
 °.t.i
 0.14
 0.14
71.90
76.83
76.46
50.65
 0
 2.95

 9.50
33 55
 300
 144
 6.21
27.20
 9.70
 4.21
 9 92
 2.63
12.30
13.60
 0.99

 1.88
 2.17
 0.18
 1.31
 3.05
 0.12
 0.33
 0.07
 0.29
 0.08
0.16 75.00	256 20 38	13.20 45.45	103.00 0	.0 0.24
14.20	6.02	41.92	trace	0.16
57.90 60.50 32.10 45.80 0 6.85	12.00 4.47 32.50 4.26 0 5.68	4.95 1.94 0.31 1.22 0 0.82	1.09 0 0 trace 40.00 14.60	0 0 0 0 0 0.96
38.05	2.87	1.67	0.12	0.50
15.30 33.34 28.47	14.04 1.60 2.47	0 0.22 1.60	0.23 0.06 0.10	0 0.45 0
26.70	1.26	0	0.37	0.48
8.50	13.99	0 '	trace	trace
16.00	1.78	1.33	0.07	0.21
5.64 16.06 15.63 10.72 12.75	11.80 1.37 1.83 4.08 0.68	0 1.00 1.09 0.06 0.26	0 0.12 0.07 0.08 0	0 0.38 0.11 0.06 0
1.29#	85.6	1.98	0.36	0.68
3.42	2.20	1.27	0.10	trace
6.18 5.08 4.60 0	2.33 1.4 6 1.55 2.30	0.30 1.40 2.05 0	0 0.13 0 2.49	0 0.14 0 0
0.34	1.55	1.95	0.67	trace
0.92	0.74	0.72	7.90	0.68
0 28	0.16	0 06	0.06	0.61
0.19 0.55	0.39 0.03	0.02 0.02	0.38 0.04	0.07 0
563.10
341.1

177.4

153.9
145.4
127.4
111.6
101.3
 88.21

 86.18
 63.21
 61.17
 57.46

 55.80
 46.95
 38.11
 37.94
 3 t.00
 32.98
 30.89
 30.03
 27.89

 15.99
 15.36
 11.66
 14.40
  9.95
  8.58
  5.92
  1.42
  1.32
  1.01
Connell, 1831
Struve.......
Ditto
Thomson, 1830.
Scudamore, 1819
Thomson, 1828.
Scudamore, 1819
Thomson, 1828.
Marcet.....
Steinmann, 1820
Murray, 1814
Berthier ....
Reuss,  1788.
TromsdorfT, 1820
Murray, 1814..
Bischoff, 1826 .
Dauhenv,1830.
Bischoff, 1826 .
Ditto.........
Meyer. 1820...
Thomson,  1828
Struve........
 Kastner........
 Thomson, 1828.
 Bischoff,  1826..
 Creve, 1810---
 Thomson, 1828.
 Kastner, 1829...
Struve.........
 Berzelius, 1822.
 Scudamore, 1816
 Phillip. 1805___
 Potash, a trace.
 Potash 3.55.
' Nitric acid 7.75;  phosphoric acid ;  pot-
   ash 3.61; strontian 0.03;  alumina;
   oxide of manganese.
 Tracesof iodine and bromine byDaubeny.
 Trace of iodine by Daubeny.
 Alumina 5.10.
 Alumina 7.77.
 Phosphoric acid, lithion. strontian, alu-
;   mina, manganese, by  Berzelius.
[Phosphoric acid, lithian, strontian, alu-
[   mina, manganese, by Berzelius.

 Potash.
 Trace of bromine.
Phosphoric acid 0.19.
Phosphoric acid 000.5.
C Phosphoric acid, potash, strontian, man-
£   ganese.
( Pot ash 1.19; strontian, manganese, phos-
(   phciric acid.
  Potash.
  Phosphoric acid  .019.
  Sulphur-resin 0.48.
  Alumina, a trace.
5 Potash, lithion,  iodine, strontian, alu-
    mina, manganese, phosphoric acid.
  Phos.  acid :  potash 0.58 ; manganese.
( Phosphoric acid, filiate of lime, alumina,
(   oxide of  manganese.
  Oxide ofmanganese. 
AVATER                 978                 AVATER
  Mineral  waters  may  be  divided  into  four
classes : — 1. Gazeous  or  Acidulous.   2. Chaly-
beate.  3. Saline.   4.  Sulphureous.  These  may
be  thermal,  or  cold, — natural,  or  artificial.
Many of these  divisions, however, run into  each
other; some of the  substances, which tbey  hold
dissolved, belonging to one class as well as to
another.
  1. Ga'zeous,  Additions  or Car'bonated Jliil-
eral Waters, Soda  or Beer Springs, Aqua mine-
rales acid'ula, (F.) Enitx  minerales gazeuscs  ou
acidities.  The  waters  referred to this class are
those  that  contain  carbonic acid  gas  in  such
quantity as to  communicate to it certain sensi-
ble  qualities,  AVaters impregnated with free car-
bonic acid, sparkle when drawn from the spring,
or when poured into a glass.  They have  a sharp,
acidulous taste  ; but become vapid from exposure
to the air.   Along with the carbonic  acid, there
are  generally present  portions of saline, earthy
or  metallic matter,  chiefly  carbonates  of lime,
magnesia, and iron.  AVaters, highly impregnated
with carbonic acid gas, are  grateful  to  the sto-
mach; increase the appetite, and are  diuretic;
hence, their utility in  dyspepsia, hypochondria-
sis, and gout.   Their  properties are, of course,
modified by the saline matter that may be also
contained in them.  The most celebrated amongst
the acidulous waters are those of Bar, Chateldon,
St.  Myon, Mont d'Or, Langeac, Seltzer,  Schlan-
genbad,  Sultzmatt, Pyrmont, Spa,  Carlsbad,
Cheltenham, Scarborough,  Saratoga, Ballston,
and the Sweet Springs of Virginia.
  2. Chalyb'eate or Ferru'ginous J/ineral Waters,
Aqua  minerales  ferrugino'sa seu  Chalybetlta
sen Martiales sen Ferro'sa, Chalybope'ga, Chalu-
bokre'na, Siderope'ga, Siderokre'na, (¥.) Eaux
miniralesfierrugineuses, contain iron — sulphate,
chloride or carbonate,  generally the latter—held
in solution  by  an excess  of acid.   Chalybeate
waters have a  peculiar styptic taste.  They are
transparent when taken from the spring;  but,
when exposed for some time to the air, a pellicle
forms on the surface, and a  deposite  of  the iron
takes  place.   Chalybeate waters are   used  as
tonics  in debility of all kinds; in all  cases, in
fact, where iron  is  considered  to be indicated.
They are the most numerous of all the classes of
mineral  waters.  In this  dictionary,  those  only
are  specified which have some celebrity; yet there
are  about one hundred; more than sixty of these
being saline, and  forty sulphureous.   The  most
celebrated chalybeates are those  of  Tunbridge,
Scarborough, Spa, Bussang, Forges, Vichy,  Pyr-
mont, Passy, Provins,  and Arals.
  3. Saline Jlinentl Waters, Aqua minerales sa-
llna, Ainna alralizn'ta (Paracelsus,) Hydralma,
(¥.) Eaux minirales salines.   AVaters, holding in
solution  different  saline  substances  in   greater
quantity than the acidulous waters.  They differ
in properties, according to the salts contained in
them.   The salts usually present are sulphates,
chlorides, and  carbonates: and the bases,  with
which  the acids forming these are combined, are
6i>da, magnesia, and lime.  Saline mineral waters
nre usually aperient;  and the most noted are
those of Seltzer. Sedlitz. Balaruc, Bourbonne-les-
Bains, Baden. Epsom,  Cheltenham, &e.
  To this class  may also be added Sea water.
  4. Siil/rlin'reous Mineral Waters, Aqua mine-
rales  snlphu'rea ;  when  warm, termed Theio-
therrna, Theiope'ga, Theother'ma, Pontes sulphu'
rei  calidi,  (¥.) Eaux minirales stilfureuses  ou
sulfurics oil sitlfureuses ou  hipatiques, <fec. These
waters owe their distinguishing  character to  an
impregnation of sulphuretted hydrogen, and are
at once recognised by  their peculiar fetid smell,
resembling that of rotten  eggs.   They  usually
contain taline  substances, which  modify  their
powers.  From the action of the sulphuretted hy-
drogen, they are useful in  cutaneous affections ;
nnd, from the combined action  of this and llio
saline  matter, they are valuable  agents in dis-
eases  of the  digestive organs.   They are alxi
employed in cutaneous eruptions;  and the  warm
sulphur baths  have been especially celebrated in
such  cases,  as well as in  rheumatic  affections.
The most renowned sulphureous waters are those
of Bartjges, Bagneres-de-Luchon, C'nuterets, Bon-
nes, Aix  in  Savoy, Aix-la-Chapelle,  Enghien,
Harrogate, Moffat, Arirginia Springs, &c.
  Some springs, as those of Bath, Buxton, Dux,
Matlock,  AVarin and  Hot  Springs  of A'irginia,
&c, are almost  pure Thermal J/ineral,  Waters.
They are valuable agents  in rheumatic  affec-
tions;   the  warmth being  equable during tho
whole period the individual is immersed in them ;
which  cannot be the case in the artificial thermal
bath.
  AVater, Mineral, Acidulous water,  simple.
  AVaters,  Mineral,  Artipical,  (F.)   Eaux
minirales artificielles ou fiactices.   These are imi-
tations  of the natural; and some of them — as
the  factitious  Cheltenham water,  and  Sedlitz
water — answer the purpose of the natural  water
tolerably  well.  The  acidulous and chalybeate
waters are, however, most easily imitated.
  Water, Nutmeg, Spiritus myristica?.
  AVater Pang, Pyrosis—w.  Parsnep, creeping,
Sium—w. Pennyroyal, spirituous, Spiritus pulegii
— w. Peppermint, Aqua menthas  piperita; — vv.
Pimento,  see Myrtus pimenta.
  Water Pox, see Varicella.
  Water, Protoxide of Nitrogen, Aqua  nitro-
genii protoxydi.
  AVater  Purpie,  A'eronica beccabunga —  w.
Qualm, Pyrosis.
  AVater, Rain, Aqua pulvia'lis seu plu'ria sen
im'brium, (¥.) Eau de  jiluie, when collected at a
distance from houses or other  elevated  objects, is
the purest natural water, and has the least spe-
cific gravity.   The  only bodies which  it usually
holds in solution, are carbonic acid, and minute
traces  of  carbonate of lime and chloride of cal-
cium.
  AVater, Rice, see Oryza.
  AVater, River,  Aqua fluvial His, is  derived
from the  conflux of numerous springs and rain
water.  It is, generally, pretty pure.
  Water, Rose, Aqua rosae.
  AVater, Sea, Aqua  Marina,  Humor Dor'idis,
(¥.) Eau de  Mer, Eau salee.    This contains
chlorides  of  sodium, magnesium, and calcium,
and sulphate  of magnesia.  It  is cathartic, and
forms the usual glyster at sea.  It makes an  excel-
lent tonic bath:  superior in most cases—especi-
ally in scrofula—to the fresh-water  bath.
  Water, Searle's Patent  Oxygenous  Aer-
ated,  Aqua  Nitrogenii  protoxydi —  w. Seyds-
chiitz, Sedlitz  water.
  AVater Shield, Brasenia hydropeltis.
  AVater, Snow, Aqua m'vu'ta, (¥.) Eau de ndge,
has usually been deemed unwholesome.   It ex-
actly resembles rain water in composition, and is
equally salubrious.
  Water, Soda,  Acidulous water,  simple — w.
Soft,  see Water,  hard—w. Spearmint,  Aqua
menthae viridis.
  Water, Spring,  Aqua fonta'na.  Hydrope'ge,
(¥.) Eau de fiontaine, contains, in addition  to the
substances detected in rain water, more or less
sulphate of lime.   AVhen.this is to such an ex-
tent as to curdle  soap, the water is said  to  be
hard ;  if not, soft.   Hard water is,  of course,
inferior to soft, for  domestic and medicinal pur-
poses.
  Water Strapping, see AVater dressing.
  AVater, Styptic,  Sydenham's,  Solutio sul- 
WATTWEILER           979               WEIGHTS
phatis cupri composita—w. Tar, see Pinus sylves-
tris— w. Toast, see Toast-water.
  Water Target, Brasenia hydropeltis.
  AVater,  AVell, Aqua putea'lia seu putea'na
seu ex pit'tea, (F.) Eau de puit  ou  de source, is
the same as spring water, but liable to impregna-
tion, owing to the land springs filtering into the
wells, and conveying impurities into thorn.
   AVaters, The, Liquor Amnii—w. Bag of, see
Liquor Amnii—w. Discharged or broken, Profusio
nqiue—w. Distilled, Aqua? desfillata? — w. First,
Primitia? — w. Green, see Lochia.
   AVATTAVEILER, MINERAL  AVATERS OF.
Wattweiler is  a small town in the department of
Ilaut-Ruin, at the foot of the Arosges.   The wa-
ters are acidulous  chalybeates, and contain car-
bonates  of iron,  lime, and  soda,  chloride  of
Bodium, and free carbonic acid.
   WAX, Cera—w.  Ear, Cerumen.
   AVAX, MYRTLE.  A wax obtained from the
fruit of  Myrica cerif'era.  It has  been prescribed
in dysentery.
   Wax, Yellow and AVhite, Cera flava et alba.
   AVAXING  KERNELS, Waxen-kernels, Cres-
een'tia, (¥.)  Croissances, Croissants,  Glandes de
croissance.  A popular term for small tumours,
formed  by  an  enlargement  of the  lymphatic
glands — in the  groins of children  particularly.
They have been looked upon  as connected with
the growth of the body,—hence their name.
   AVA\r, Saxon  paej,   Via, Passage,  Odos, (F.)
 Vote.   A name given to different canals.
   AVAYBREAD, Plantago major.
   AVAYS,  DIGES'TIVE, Digestive  Pas'sages,
Prima  Via, (¥.)  Voies digestives,  Premieres voies,
are the  series  of hollow organs of digestion, com-
posed of mouth,  oesophagus, stomach, and small
and large intestines.  The term is often restricted
to the first three  of these.
   Ways, Second, Second  Passages,  Secuilda
da, (¥.) Secondes voies, comprise the chyliferous,
lymphatic and blood vessels.
   AVEAKSIGHTEDNESS, Asthenopia.
   AVEAL, AVheal.
   AVEAM, Abdomen, Uterus.
   WEAM-ILL, Colic.
   AVEANING, from Saxon penan,  'to wean;'
Ablacta'tio, Apogalactis'runs,  (Prov.)  Spurting,
(¥.) Sivrage.   The  act of depriving the infant,
permanently,  of the breast, in order to feed it on
other and more solid nourishment.
   Weaning Brash, see Brash, weaning.
   AVEARING, Consumption.
   WEATHERCOCKS, Impatiens.
   AVEB. Caligo, Pterygium — w.  Muscular, Pan-
niculus  carnosus.
   AVEB-EYE, Caligo.
   WEBBED FINGERS, Dactylion.
   AVEBERIAN CORPUSCLE, see  Ejaculatory
Duets — w. Organ, see Ejaculatory Ducts.
   WEDGED, (D.)  wegghe, Incltlsus, Inha'-
rens, (¥.) Endavi.  The bend of the foetus is said
to be wedged, locked or impacted in the pelvis,
when it remains fixed, notwithstanding the ute-
rine efforts.
   The condition  is called Incunea'tio  seu  lncla-
<-,,'tio fetus,  Spheno'sis, (¥.) Enclavcment.  See
I'arngomphosis.
   WKEBO, Senecio Jacobaea.
  AVEED, see Mastitis—w. Arrow. Sagittaria va-
riabilis—w.  Beetle, Galax  aphylla—w. Breast,
Snururus  cernuus—w. in the  Breast,  see Mas-
titis — w. Butter, Erigeron Canadense — w. Can-  \
cer.  Goodyera pubescens — w.  Dyer's. Reseda
luteola—w. Field, Anthemis cotula—w. Horse,  J
1 Erigeron Canadense—w. Horsefly, Sophora tinc-
 toria— w.  Milk, Apocynum androstemifolium —
 w. Phthisis, Ludwigia  palustris — w. Pride,  Eri-
 geron Canadense — w.  Silver, Potentilla anserina
 — w. Soldiers', Matico — w. Thimble, lludbeckia
 laciniata — w. AVind, Asclepias tuberosa.
   AVEEPING, Fletus—w. Tear, Tear.
   AVEESEL, Trachea.
   AVEID, see  Mastitis.
   AVEIGHT,  from  Saxon, psesan, 'to weigh;'
 (F.) Pesanteur.   A sensation  of heaviness or
 pressure  over the whole body, or over a part —
 the stomach or head, for example.
   WEIGHTS AND MEASURES, Pon'dera et
 Mensu'ra, (¥.) Poids et Jlisures.   The importance
 of possessing  a  uniform system  of weights and
 measures has impressed the scientific of all coun-
 tries, and numerous endeavours have been made
 to accomplish the object.   It is, however, a mat-
 ter of considerable  difficulty, and one not likely
 to be attained.   The  new  French measures are
 upon decidedly the  best footing, but they are not
 adopted out  of  France.   The greatest diversity
 prevails  over Europe  in  the  measures, both of
 weight and capacity.   Some  of the following
 tables will show, that every  subdivision  of the
 pound, as well as the pound itself, differs in Eng-
 land and in France.

                  AVEIGHTS.

 Troy Weight,  aa uaed by the Britiah Apothecaries.
    —Pondus pharmaceil ticum seu medicinule.

      The pound  lb  A           ("12 ounces.
      The ounce  5             |  8 drachms.
      The drachm Z  ■  contains -j  3 scruples.
      The scruple g             |  20 grains.
      The grain gr.

    These, and the signs by which they are denoted,
 are the same in all the British  Pharmacopoeias,
 as well as in the American.

        lb.    Oz. Drachms. Scrup.    Grs.
        1  =  12  = 96  = 2K8  =  5760
               1  =   8  =  24  =   4S0
                       1  =   3  =    60
                              1  =    20

                 Poids de Mare.

         The pound  A        ("16 ounces.
         The ounce           J  8 drachms.
         The drachm  J-contains-j  3 scruples.
         Tbe scruple  I        1 24 graius.
         The grain   J        (_

                  Avoirdupois.

        Pound.   Ounces. Drachms. Troy grains.
         lb. 1.  =  16 =  256  ~  70UU
                  1 =   16  =:  4:,7-.">
                           1  ±:   27-^4375

   The avoirdupois drachm is sometimes divided
 into three scruples, and  the  scruple  into  ten
 grains.  The  pound of 7680 grains avoirdupois
 = 7000 grains troy, and hence  1 grain troy =
 •97 grain avoirdupois.
   The Poids de  Marc is  that employed by the
 French  Pharmaciens,  when the new weights are
 not. The  Avoirdupois  is now used by the Dublin
 College.
   The following tables exhibit the relative value'
 of the old French and  English weights:

 Itrids de Marc.  Troy  If?.     Avoird.     Troy grs.
 1  pd (livre) = 1-312'S/6   - 1-(>miU37& rr 7561
 1  oz. (once)  =  -9S4504oz = l-tiMlionz —  472-56-25
 1  dr. (gros.) =  -954504u> =              69-O703125
 1  gr.      =                          ■J20421 
WEIGHTS
980
AV EIGHTS
    Troy.         Poids de Marc.    French grains.
  1 pound    =   0-76180 lb.     =   7561
  1 ounce     =   1-01574 once   =    585-083
  1 drachm   =   1-01574 gros   =     73-135
  1 gruin                               1-219

Avoirdupois.      Poids de Marc.    French grains.
  1 pound    =   0-925SU3 lb.    =    8532-3
  1  ounce    =   0-925803 once  =     533-27
To  convert  French grains into Troy "I
             grains, divide by
     "      Troy grains into French [
             grains,  multiply by     J
     "      French ounces into Troy "l
             ounces, divide hy
     "      Troy ounces into French [
             ounces, multiply hy     J
     "      French pouuds  (poids  de A
             marc) into Troy pounds,
             multiply by             [
     "      Troy pounds into  French
             pounds, divide  by
1-2189
1-015734
Poids de Marc or
 French grain.
      1-219
      2-438
      3-657
      4-876
      6-095
      7-314
      8-533
      9-752
     10-971   •

    Troy grain.
      0-8203
      1-6406
      2-4609
      3-2812
      4-1015
      4-9218
      6-7421
      6-5624
      7-3827
New French Decimal or Metrical Weights.
Troy grain.
     1
     2
     3
     4
     5
     6
     7
French grain.
      1
      2
      3
      4
      5
Milligramme
Centigramme
Decigramme
Gramme
Decagramme
Hectogramme
Kilogramme
Troy grains.
      •0154
      •1543
     1-5434
    15-4340
   154-3402
  1543-4023
 154340234
Myriagramme =  154340-2344  =
lb. oz. dr. gr.
 0  0 2  34-4
 0  3 1  44-4
 2  8 1  24
26  9 6  0
Comparative  Value ofthe French Medicinal
      Pound and that of other Places.
              lbs. oz. dr.
Germany......... 0  15  4
Amsterdam...... 1  00  0
Belgium.......... 1  00  0
Berne.............. 1  00  0
Copenhagen...... 0  15  3
Florence........... 0  11  0
Genoa............. 0  10  5
Geneva............ 1  00  0
Hamburg........ 0  15  2
Lisbon............ 0  15  7
London........... 0  12  3
Madrid............ 0  15  0
Milan............. 0   9  3
Monaco........... 0  15  2
Naples............ 0  10  7
Paris............... 1  00  0
Rome.............. 0  11  0
Stockholm....... 0  13  7
United States ... 0  12  3
Warsaw .......... 1  10  4
Venice............. 0   8  6
Vienna............ 12  2
48
42
42
00
20^
50  divided into 12 oz.
60    do.   into 12 oz.
18
15
68
12  divided into 12 oz.
16
00
23
54  divided into 12 oz.
00  divided into 16 oz.
50    do.   into 12 oz.
 8
12  divided into 12 oz.
24
00
32
  MEASURES OP CAPACITY.

English Measure of Fluids.
Proportions of the Apothecaries' and Wine Gallon.
The gallon (congius).
The pint (octarius)..    0
The fluidounce.........   f,^
Ihe fluidrachm.......   f^
The minim.............   TIL,
contains <
 8 pints.
16 fluidounces.
 8 fluidrachms.
60 minims.
Gal. Pints. Fluidoz.
1  =   8  =   128  =
       1  =   16  =
               1  =
Fluidr.   Minims.
 1024  =  61440
  128  =  7680
    8  =   4S0
    1  =    60
 Cub. inches.
=  231
=   28-875
=    1-8047
Imperial Measure, adopted  by tne London Col-
       lege in their Pharmacopoeia of lbilti.
Gallon.   Pints.  Fluidounces.
   1    =   8   =   160   =
           1   =    20   =
                      1   =
Fluidr.      Minims.
  1280   =   76800
   160   —    96H0
     8   =     480
     1   =      60
Comparative  Value  of the  Proportions of  the
           Wine and Imperial Gallons.
Wine.	Imperial.
Pints. Fluidoz. Fluidr. Minims.	
1 gallon =6 13 1 pint = 16 1 fluidounce = 1 1 fluidrachm =	2 23 5 18 0 20 1 &A
Imperial. Wine. Gallon. Pint. Fluidoz. Fluidr. Minims.	
1 gallon =1 1 1 pint = 1 1 fluidounce = 1 fluidrachm =	9 6 8 3 1 38 7 41 68
French Measures	ofi Capacity.
English cubic inches.	Wine Measure.
Millilitre = -061028 Centilitre = -610280 Decilitre = 6102800 Litre = 61-028000 Decalitre = 610280000 Hectolitre = 6102 800000 Kilolitre = 61028-000000 Myrialitre = 610280-000000	= 16-2318 minims. = 2-7053 fluidrachms. =: 3-3816 fluidounces. = 21135 pints. = 2-6419 gallons.
Approximate  comparison  between  the  ancient
  French  Measures  ofi Cajtacity, and  the  new,
  and conversely.

            Grammes.  Litres.  Decilitres.  Centilitres.
lpoisson    =  125   or  0        1         2
1 demi-srtier —  250   or  0        2         5
1 chopine    =■  500   or  0        5         0
lpinte      — 1000   or  1        0         0

         Grammes, lbs. oz. dr. gr.
1 cenlilitre —  10  or 0  0  2% 00
1 decilitre  — 100  or 0  3  2   00            [pints.
1 litre     = 1000  or 2  0  3   36 = 2-113 Eng. wine
               Measures ofi Length.

                                            Inches.
1 line, the 12th part of an inch.
3 barleycorns..........................................       1*000
A palm or hand's breadth (Scripture mea-
  sure)...................................................       3-648
A hand (horse measure)..........................       4-000
A span (Scripture measure).......................      10-944
Afoot.....................................................      12-000
A cubit (Scripture  measure  for  common
  purposes).............................................      18-000
A cubit (Scripture measure for sacred  pur-
  poses) .................................................      21-8R8
A Flemish ell...........................................      27-000
A yard...................................................  3 ft. 00
An English ell..........................................  3" 09
A fathom or toise......................................  6 " 00


        New French Measures  of Length.
English inches.			
Millimetre 0-039			
Cenfimi-.tre 0-393			
Decimetre 3-937	yd.	fl-	inch
Mitre 39-371 =	1	0	3-37
 
WEIGHTS                 981                 WEIGHTS
VALITKS OP THE GRECIAN, ROMAN, ANn ARABIAN

   WEIGHTS AND MEASURES IN POIDS DE MARC.



        1. Weights ofthe Ancient Greeks.


                                  lbs.  oz. dr.  gr.
The talent (ra\avrov)....................... 54   2   5   24
The mna (nVa)....................................... 14   3   40
The drachm (Spa^un).................................... 1   n
The obolus (o(3o\os)............................................. 13
The ceration (tcepariov).........................................  4
The chalcus (^aAicouj) .........................................  2
The septan (actrrov).............................................  y
2. Weights ofi the Ancient Romans.
oz.  dr.
The pound (libra).................................. io
The ounce (uncia).......................................... 7
The duella.........................................     ... 2
The sidlicus...................................\\         1
The sextula.....................................\      ..." \
The consular denier, denarius.........'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'".'.'.'.'.'.'. 1
The imperial denier or drachm, drachma ...'.'".'.'.......
The vicloriatus.......................................       ... 37
The scriptulum or scruple............................'.'.....".' 21
The obolus.......................................'...'...'."    "." 11
The siliqua.........„................................'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.  ...  4

  The  Greeks  divided  their  obolus into  chalci
and  lepta:  some  divided  it  into  6 chalci,  and
each  chalcus into 7 lepta; others into  8 chalci,
and every chalcus into 8 lepta or minuta.
Dr. Milligan,  in his  edition  of Celsus, gives the  following  table, exhibiting the Troy weight of
                 measures of capacity and of weight in use amongst the Romans.
 llncia.
  960
:  480
:  120
   20
   12
14-7 =
3360
 840
 140
  84
                     Urna.  Libra.
Amphora....................  2  —  80
Urna...........................  1  —  40
t'ongius......................  l£ —  10
gcxturius.................................   1%
Libra......................................   1
Ilcmina...........................................
Acetabulum.............................................  21-7 —
•Vsi'iii-cyathua..........................................  2 1-7 —
Cy-ulius............................................'."['."  13-7 =
Sescuncia.................................................  11/  —.
Uncia.......................................................  1 2  —
Cochleare ......................................................
Drachma........................................................
Denarius...................................
Denarius. Serupulus.  Sextans.
:  6720   = 20160   = 40320
= 10080
=  2540
=   420
15   =
15   =
10   =
ioy2 =
252   =
180   =
 45   =
 45   =
 30   =
 31J* =
 21   =
  IX =
= 26160
=  5040
=   840
504
360
 SO
 90
 60
 63
 42
 15
1   =
Serupulus..............................................................
Serupulus dimidiatus..................                              '  '"t/ ~
Obolus...............................................V.V.V.V.V.V.""V.V.V.V.V."V.V."'.'.'.'.V.'.....„?. ~
Sextans...................................................
Chalcus...................................................
  Chalcus.
= 403200
= 210600
=  5/>400
=   8400
=:   5040
=   3600
=    900
=    900
=    600
=    630
=    420
=    150
=     60
=     60
=     20
=     10
=     10
-     10
.........  1
   Grana.
= 42(480
= 210240
=  52920
=   87ti0
   He gives also the following ' Carmen Mnemoni-
enm,' which exhibits the analogies of  the Roman
and British imperial weights.

Ea the conjjfus  anto  gallon, each, ten pounds
     alloto,
©n the bushel anti amphora ciflbtn  bestoto;
Home's  pountr,  as  fn  STron  uieiflbt,  ftoelbe
     ounces obtains,
33ut  tier  ounce  fs  Suofru'upofs, strfctlj, In
     Brains:
ZDenarff orams, scruples sccuplf oeffne,
Septarfus anstoers to our bottle of uifne,
Staa tlje mna's a abort pint—fourteen ounces
     In tint.

3.  Weights said to be  ofi the Arabians,  Modern
  Greeks, and Latins ofi the barbarous periods ofi
  the Middle Ages.
 The alcheminn........................ ................. 14
 The manes or ominos................................. 10
 S-tcros, auglilien, tnlar, assatil.....................
 The great or royal nut...............................
 The sextan'us, stater..................................
 The lesser nut...........................................
 Aliovttnits................................................
 Aureus, Alcobolus......................................
 The hazel nut.  bemlacate,  holca,  alchi, dar-
  chimi, atoqochilos, ologinat. nabach...........
 The acorn, lupine, Egyptian or Syrian bean,
  the Irachil.............................................
 The Alexandrian bean or tremessis..............
 The Greek bean or gramme,  the kermet. go-
  num, harmi, gracchus.............•.....•........
 The ring, cumulus,  seminet, onolosich, ono-
  lossat....................................................
The danich..............................................
The hired, alkilat, karant...........................
dr	gr.
3	40
6	28
7	16
3	44
3	44
2	50
2	29
2	14
1	11
	42
	30
	21
	11
	8
	4
1. Greek Measures.
3759
 939
 939
 626
 657
 4: ,8
 156
  62 4-7
  62 4-7

  l''i
  10i<C
  l(ll/j
  l'l-30
oz. dr. gr.
The metretes (uerpvrni) ........................ 84  4  3
The chus, choa, congius (xovs)................  7  0  2
The xestes (farm)................................  117
The cotyla (Korv^tj)..............................     8  7
The tetarton (riTaprov)..........................     4  3
The ozybaphon (ofy0atpov).....................     2  1
The cyathos (kviiOos).............................     1  4
The concha (KO-yxn)...............................        6
The mystron (pvaruov).........................        3
The chama minor (xniin).......................        2
The cocldiarion (KoX^itiptov)..................        1

        2.  Roman  Measures ofi Capacity.

                                    lbs. oz.
The amphora or cadus........................... 56  2
The wnio............................................. 28  1
The coiii/itis..........................................  7  0
The sextarius...............................
The hemina..................................
The fjUtirttiritis...........................
The acetabulum............................,
The cyathus or small glass..............
The ligula or spoonful....................
1  4
  10
   5
   2
   1
dr. gr.
 7 24
 3 48
 2 66
 7 44
 1 IS
 0 45
3. Measures said to  be of the Arabian, Arabist,
    and Latin  Physicians of the Jlidd/e Ages.

                                    lbs. oz. dr. gr.
The missnhans weighed......................... 3  8  1  33
Abcn. I.irt. cjtih. eberia. or Boman mina, 1  6  0  00
The phial, hutjilius. or hassitinus............   10  1  IS
The (•(//(> or  rejelati..............................    5  0  44
The ha ml ful. pugillum, cornusum...........    3  2  is
The hassuf. aesasse, or anesime...............    2  4  20
The conos or coatus, aleantus or almunesi,
  briale euabus....................................    1  5 34
The lesser bachutes................................       5 56
The largest spoonful..............................       4 44
A spoonful..........................................       1 52
The colanos or reclanarium....................       1 2S
A small spoonful or flo'jerina, or cytines,       1 11
The smallest spoonful or f,.laliel............         42 
WEILBACH              982               WHITLOW
  A  good section on weights and  measures is
contained in  the edition of " The Seven Books
of Paulus  ^Egineta,"  by Mr. Francis  Adams,
published by the  Sydenham  Society of London,
vol.  iii. p. 609, London, 1847.

  Besides the weights and measures above men-
tioned, employed by the moderns, there are modes
of estimating the quantities of substances by ap-
proximation.  For example: —
A glassful or cupful, ( (F.)  Verre,) is reckoned to
  contain 4 or 5 fluidounces.
A wine-glassful, IJ  ounce or two ounces.
A table-spoonful,  ( (F.) Cuiller a  bouche,) about
  half an ounce.
A coffee or dessertspoonful, about 3 drachms.
A tea-spoonful, a fluidrachm.
A handful, manipulus, ( (F.) Poignie,) as much
  as can be held in the hand.
The Pugillus ( (F.)  Pincie) is as much as can be
  held by the three fingers.
  These last quantities are occasionally prescribed
by the French practitioners.  Their weights must,
of course,  vary, according to the article.  The
authors of the Parisian codex have valued them,
as regards certain substances.

                                      French.
                                      oz. dr.
A Manipulus of barley weighs...................... 3  2%
      "       linseed................................ 1  4
      "       linseed meal........................ 3  3
      "       dried mallow leaves............. 1  3'
      "       dried cichory leaves............. 1  0
      "            flowers of the tilia...... 1  2%

                                   dr.  scr. gr.
A Pugillus of chamomile flowers weighs 2
      "      arnica............................. 1  2
      "      marsh-mallow.................. 1  1
      "      mallow...........................       60
      "      fennel seeds.....................    1  60
      "      aniseed............................ 1  ^ 60

  A hen's egg, newly laid, weighs about  2 ounces
 and 2 drachms:  when deprived  of  its  shell, 2
 ounces.   The white weighs 1 ounce, 2 drachms,
 and 57 grains : the yolk, 5 drachms and 15 grains.
   WEILBACH, MINERAL WATERS OF. The
 village of Wcilbach  is in the plain between the
 Maine and the southern extremity of the Tau-
 nus hills.   It has  in  its neighbourhood a cold
 sulphureous alkaline spring, the  water of which
 is bottled and exported, although  not  of great
 efficacy.  Its use is at times  combined with that
 of  the saline springs  in Nassau, and of Baden-
 Baden, in various chronic abdominal and thoracic
 affections.
   WEINTRAUBENKUR, Grape cure.
   WELCOME TO  OUR HOUSE,  Euphorbia
 cyparissias.
   WELD, Reseda luteola.
   WELK,  Whelk.    An inequality;  a  protube-
 rance ;  a  cutaneous  eruption of this character.
 Acne.
   WELTER'S BITTER, Acid, carbazotic.
   WEM, Abdomen, Uterus.
   WEMDING, MINERAL WATERS OF. These
 waters are situate about four leagues from Donau-
 worth in Bavaria. They contain sulphuretted hy-
 drogen ; carbonates of lime, magnesia, and soda ;
 sulphates of lime and magnesia;  a little chloride
 of calcium, and oxide of iron; and are much used
 in astrrenic diseases.
   WEN, Sax.  pen, Lu'pia,  Tumour, (F.) Loup.
 A name given to circumscribed, indolent tumours,
 without inflammation or change of colour of  the
 skin.  They may be  met with  in almost  every
 part of  the  body.   Their  magnitude, as well as
 nature, is very variable.  The term is sometimes
 given to an encysted tumour, and to bronchocele.
   WESTERN ISLANDS, Azores.
  WEST INDIES, (CLIMATE  OF.)  The cli-
mate of the West Indies has long been  regarded
as favourable to the consumptive.  In confirmed
consumption, it appears, however, to be positively
injurious.   As a prophylactic for those predis-
posed to consumption, it is generally favourable.
The nature of the patient's constitution, in re-
gard to the effects of elevated temperature, bus
always  to be  taken  into  account.  In discuses
that are benefited  by warm climates, the West
Indies  afford  an  appropriate residence.   The
islands  in which the invalid can  best obtain all
the advantages of the climate, are Jamaica, Bar-
badoes, St. Vincents, Antigua,  St. Kitts,  and
Santa Cruz.
  WEST'S SPRING, see  South  Carolina, mine-
ral waters of.
  WKT STRAPPING, see Water dressing.
  WHAHOO, see Euonyraus.
  WHEAL,  Weal,  Wale,  Pomphus.   A ridge,
or elevation of the skin,  produced  by  a  rod or
whip;  or as if produced  in that.manner.   Such
elevations are seen in urticaria.
  WHEAT, Triticum—w. Indian, Zea mays—w.
Turkey, Zea mays.
  WHEEZE,  (Prov.) Rezzle,   Sax.  hpeoron,
formed probably, like whiz and whisper, from the
sound it expresses.  To  breathe  with  difficulty
and noise, as in asthma.
   WHELK, Acne, Welk — w. Chin, Sycosis—w.
Rosy,  Gutta rosea.
  WHETLEBONES, Vertebrae.
  WHEY,  Serum lactis.
  Whey-Cure, (G.)  Molkenkur.  In  the Kur-
saal of many of the German watering  places,  a
space is set apart for whey drinkers.  The whey
is a pleasant  diluent, and the saccharine  matter
it contains  may act as a eutrophic; but  the main
effect on the valetudinarian is probably produced
by the  new impressions made upon him  by his
visit to the watering place.
  Whey, Mustard,  see Sinapis—w. Rennet, see
Serum lactis—w. Sack, Wine-whey—w.Tamarind,
see Tamarindus — w. Vinegar, see Acetum — w.
Wine, Wine-whev.
   WHIFFING MURMUR, see  Murmur, respi-
ratory.
   WHIG, Buttermilk, Serum lactis.
   WHIMBERRY. Vaccinium myrtillus.
   WHISKY, see Spirit.  A spirituous liquor ob-
tained from oats, potatoes, <fec, by distillation.
   Whisky Liver,  Liver, nutmeg.
   WHISPER, CAVERNOUS, see Cavernous.
   WHIS'PERING;  evidently an example of ono-
matopoeia  (hooisp'ering),  Susurra'tio,  Susurra'-
tion.   Articulation of  the air sent through the
vocal tube  without any action of the glottis.
   Whispering Souffle, see  Souffle.
   WHISTLING, Sifflement, see Rdle sibilant.
   WHITE BALL, Cephalanthus occidentalis—w.
Blisters, Rupia escharotica.
   White, Flake,  Plumbi subcarbonas.
   White Leaf, Pyrola maculata, Spira?a tomen-
tosa—w. Leg, Phlegmatia dolens—w. Matter  of
the  brain, see  Cerebrum — w.  Root,  Angelica
lucida, Asclepias  tuberosa, Ligusticum actaeifo-
lium.
   White, Spanish,  Bismuth, subnitrate of.
   White   Substance of Schwann, see Nerve
fibre — w.  Sulphur,  see Virginia, mineral waters
of—w. Swelling,  Hydrarthus — w. Swelling of
lying-in women, Phlegmatia dolens — w. Weed,
Chrysanthemum leucanthemum—w. Wood, Lirio-
dendron, Tilia Americana.
   WHITENESS OF COMPLEXION, Paleness.
   WHITES, THE,  Leucorrhoea.
   WHITLEYA STRAMONIFOLIA,  Anisodus
luridus.
   WHITLOW,  Paronychia. 
WHOOPING-COUGH
9K3
WINE
  WHOOPIN<]-COUC,H, Pertussis.
  WIIORLYWORT, L.ptandria purpurea.
  WHORTLEBERRY,  Vaccinium  myrtillus,
Vaccinium vitis idaea —w. Bears', Arbutus uva
ursi.
  WIIORTS, BLACK.  Vaccinium myrtillus.
  WHYTT'S  DISEASE,   Hydrocephalus  in-
ternus.
  WIDOW-WAIL,  Cneorum  tricoccum, Daphne
Alpina.
  WIKSBADEN,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF,
see Wishaden.
   WIESSAU, MINERAL WATERS OF.  These
witters are situate about four leagues from  the
 convent of Waldsassen  in Bavaria.  They contain
 carbonic acid; carbonates of lime and magnesia;
 chlorides of calcium, magnesium, and aluminium;
 carbonate of soda, and  much oxide of iron.  The
 Bavarians consider  them to resemble  the  waters
 of Pyrmont.
   WILD,  Sax.  pil*, (D.)  Wild.   An  epithet
 given to the  countenance, when not in harmony
 with the condition of the individual, and indica-
 ting strong mental emotion ; — a wild  look, (F.)
 Pliysiognomie igarie.
   WILDBAD, MINERAL WATERS OF.  Wild-
 bad is a small town of Wurtemberg, three Ger-
 man miles from Baden-Baden.  It is  much fre-
 quented as a  watering-place.   The water is ther-
 mal, from 95° to 100° of Fahr., and is much em-
 ployed in cases in which thermal waters are indi-
 cated.   It  is used internally, a pint not con-
 taining more than a grain of solid ingredients,
 which consists of salts of  soda and lime.  The
 proportion of carbonic  acid gas is very small.
   WILDFIRE, Erysipelas.
   Wildfire Rash,  Ignis sylvaticus.
   WTLDUNGEN,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.
 Wildungen is situate a few miles from Cassel in
 (iermany.   In its neighbourhood are several  mi-
 neral springs; the chief  of which, according to
 Stucke,  contain a bituminous matter;  chloride
 of sodium and sulphate of soda; carbonate and
 sulphate of lime, <!fcc.   They are used, chiefly, as
 refrigerants.
   WILL, Voluntas.
   WILLAN, Salix.
   WILLOW, Salix—w. Herb, Common, Lythrum
 salicaria — w. Herb, great,  Epilobium angustifo-
 lium — w. Herb, purple, Lythrum  salicaria — w.
 Herb, purple veined, Epilobium coloratum.
   Willow, Low-bush, Salix humilis—w. Speck-
 led, Salix humilis — w. Red, Cornus sericea — w.
 Rose, Cornus sericea — w. Sweet, Myrica gale.
   WIND,  Sax.  pints., (an example of onomato-
 poiea—ooind) Veritas, An'emos, (F.) Vent.  Winds
 exert considerable influence on the animal  econo-
 my ;  acting  by their temperature, which  neces-
 sarily modifies that  of  the circumambient air, as
well as by their moisture or dryness, and  by  the
emanations of different kinds, which they trans-
port  to  greater  or  less  distances.   The  winds
which blow over a considerable extent of country,
are  dry and  serene: those which come from  the
ocean are moist and chilly.
  Wind, see  Flatulence.
  Wind of a Ball.   A term applied to the com-
pression of air, supposed to be produced  by  the
passage of a  ball near a part  of the body, so as
to occasion what  has  been called a wind  contu-
sion.
  Wind  Contusion, see  Wind  of a  Ball — w.
Dropsv. Emphysema. Tympanites — w. Flower,
Anemone__w. Pipe,  Trachea—w. Root, Asclepias
tuberosa— w. Weed, Asclepias tuberosa.
  WIXDINESS, Flatulence.
  WINDY,  Fl at id en't us, Flat'ulent, Va'porous,
(F.)  Venteux, Elatucux.   That which causes wind
or flatulence; also, that which is caused by wind
or flatulence;  as windy food, windy colic,  <tc.
Also, one  affected  with  flatulence,  or who is
'troubled with  the wind.'
  WINE, Sax. pin, (G.) We in, originally, per-
haps, from oivos, (Enos, Vinum, ut%, Jlethit, (F.)
 Vin.  A name  given by chymists to all liquors
that  have  become spirituous  by fermentation.
The term is generally, however, restricted to the
fermented juice of the grape, or of fruits, the pro-
duct of whose fermentation resembles, in almost
all respects, that of the juice of the grape.  Wine
is composed of alcohol; saccharine matter; malic
acid ; tartaric acid ; bitartrate of potussa; acetic
aeid ; an extractive colouring matter, more or less
bitter, and partly resinous; and sometimes of an
aromatic  substance.   The  extractive colouring
matter is chiefly met with in red wines.  All these
constituents, except tbe alcohol, are found ready
formed in the grape.  The  alcohol proceeds from
the decomposition of the saccharine  matter.  A
part of the  acetic acid is also formed during fer-
mentation.
  The following table, drawn up by Mr. Brande,
exhibits the quantity of  spirit in different kinds
of wine and liquors.   It is proper,  however, to
remark,  that many of these wines are prepared
for the London market, and are more brandied, or
"reinforced," than the same varieties sold in the
United States.   This is strikingly the case with
port.  Dr.  Henderson, too, has  remarked, that
some of the wines analyzed by Mr. Brande were
mixed with  a considerable  quantity  of adventi-
tious alcohol.  Dr.  Henderson's additions  and
corrections have the letter  H. affixed.

Proportion of Alcohol, s.  g. 0-S25,  in  one  hundred
  parts by measure of the following wl.ves, and malt
  and Spirituous Liquors.

 1. Lissa..........................................................  26-47
   Do.............................................................  24 35
                               Average, (a)  25-41
 2. Raisin Wine...............................................  26-40
   Do.............................................................  2577
   Do............................................................  23-20
                                 Average, 25-12
 3. Marsala......................................................  26-03
   Do.............................................................  2505
                               Average, (6) 25-09
 4. Port — average of six kinds..........................  2348
   Do. —highest..............................................  2583
   Do.— lowest...............................................  21-40
 5. Madeira....................................................  24-42
   Do.............................................................  23-93
   Do. (Sercial)................................................  2145
   Do.............................................................  19 24
                                 Average, 22-27
 6. Currant Wine.............................................  20 55
 7. Sherry.......................................................  19-81
   Do.............................................................  19-83
   Do.............................................................  Iv7'>i
   Do.............................................................  18 25
                                 Average,  19-17
 8. Teneriffe...'..................................................  19-79
 9. Colares......................................................  19-75
10. Lacryma Christi..........................................  19-70
11. Constantia— white.....................................  1975
               red....................................(c) 1S-92
12. Lisbon........................................................  ^"!t
13. Malaga......................................................  ]s'14
14. Buceilas.....................................................  1S'49
15. Red Madeira................................................  22-30
   Do.............................................................  I1*"*1"
                                 Average,  20-35
16. Cape Muscat..............................................  Is'-"'
17. Cape Madeira..............................................  22-94
   Do!............................................................  20-50
   Do............................................................. 1 SI 1
                                 Average. 2051
IS. Grape Wine...............................................•  1S'H
19. Calcavella...................................................  I-1"-1'1
   Do............................................................. lsl«
                                 Average,  l-?t">5
20. Vidonia..................................................... 19-5
21. Alba Flora.................................................. 1726

      (a) 15-90 II.   (6) 18-40 H.    (c) 1450 H. 
WINE
984
WISBADEN
22. Malaga....................................................... 17-26
23. White Hermitage........................................ 17-43
24. Roussillon................................................... 1900
   Do............................................................. 1726
                                  Average, 18-13
25. Claret........................................................ 17-11
   Do.............................................................. 16-32
   Do............................................................. 14-08
   Do............................................................. 12-91
                               Average, (d) 15-10
26. Malmsey Madeira........................................ 16-40
27. Lunel......................................................... 15-52
28. Scheraaz..................................................... 15-52
29. Syracuse.................................................... 15-28
30. Sauterne.................................................... 14-22
31. Burgundy.................................................. 16-60
   Do............................................................. 15-22
   Do............................................................. 14.53
   Do............................................................. 11.95
                                  Average, 14-57
32. Hock........................................................  14-37
   Do............................................................ 1300
   Do. (old  in cask)..........................................  8-88
                                  Average, 12-08
   Rudesheimer (1811)..................................II. 1072
       Do.     (1800)..................................II. 12-22
                               Average, II. 1147
   Johanni«berger........................................H.  8-71
33. Nice............................................,.............. 1463
34. Barsac....................................................... 13-86
35. Tent.......................................................... 13-30
36. Champagne (still)........................................ 13-80
      Do.     (sparkling)............................... 12-80
      Do.     (red)........................................ 12-56
      Do......................................................... 11-30
                                  Average, 12-61
37. Red Hermitage........................................... 12'32
38. Vin de Grave.............................................. 1394
   Do............................................................. 1280
                                  Average, 13-37
39. Frontignac................................................. 1279
40. Cote Kotie.................................................. 1232
41. Gooseberry Wine......................................... 11-84
42. Orange  Wine—average of six samples made
     by a London manufacturer....................... 11-26
43. Tokay.......................................................  9-88
44. Elder Wine................................................  9-87
45. Rhenish Wine.........................................H.  871
46. Cider — highest average...............................  9-87
   Do.     lowest............................................  5-21
47. Perry — average of four samples....................  7-26
48. Mead.........................................................  7'32
49. Ale (Burton)...............................................  8-88
   Do. (Edinburgh)..........................................  6-20
   Do. (Dorchester...........................................  5-56
                                  Average,  6-87
50. Brown Stout..............................................  6-80
51. London Porter — average.............................  420
      Do.   Small Beer — average.......................  1-28
52. Brandy...................................................... 5339
53. Kum......................................................... 53-68
54. Gin...... ..................................................... 51.60
55. Scotch Whisky........................................... 54-32
56. Irish    do  ............................................. 53-90


   The only wine recommended in some pharma-
copoeias is Sherry, Vinum, V. album Hispanlcum,
 V. Ner'icum, Leucoz'nus.   It is a dry wine ; the
least variable  in  its  properties, and agrees  best
with the dyspeptic.   Other wines used officinally
are — Canary or Sack wine,  Vinum Canarlnum;
Jlountain  wine,  Vinum album monta'num ;  Tent
wine;  Rhenish  wine,  Vinum Rhena'num; and
Port wine, Vinum rubrum Portugallicurn.
   The wines habitually drunk are almost innu-
merable.   Those that are  sweet, or contain  a
large portion of free, saccharine matter, are de-
 cidedly the least wholesome to the dyspeptic.
   When wine  is good, and of a proper age, it is
 tonic and  nutritive; when new, flatulent and ca-
thartic, disagreeing with the stomach and bowels.
 In medicine, it  is a valuable tonic in the last
 stage  of typhus, when the skin is not too hot and
 dry.  Its  use, however,  requires great caution ;
 and when once commenced under proper circum-
 stances, it cannot be suddenly dropped  without
 mischief.  It  is, perhaps,  the  best  permanent
 stimulus in the catalogue of the materia medica.
(d) 12-91 H.
  Mulled  Wine is  made  as  follows : — Take of
bruised cinnamon 3^ ;  half a nutmeg graled; and
ten bruised cloves.  Infuse in boiling ivuter  Oss
for an  hour;  strain and add sugar _^j.  Pour the
whole  into a pint of hot Port or  Sherry.   Useful
in adynamic conditions.
  Wine, A.mi.na-an, Aininaeum vinum.
  Wine op Aloes, Yinuin aloes.
  Wine, Antimonial, Vinum antimonii—w. An-
tiscorbutic,  Vinum  antiscorbuticum — w. Aro-
matic,  Vinum aromaticum—w. Bark, compound,
Vinum de kina. kina,  compositum — w.  Barley,
Cerevisia—w. Bitter, diuretic, Vinum diureticum
auiarum.
  Wine Bitters,  T7?u<»i  gentia'na compositum.
The formulae for these may be various.  The fol-
lowing is as good and as agreeable as any. (Rad.
gentian. Ibj, cort. aurant. ^x, sent, cardam. cont.
^iv, cinnam.  cort. 5iv, 101'iie,  foreign or domestic,
three gallons and a half.)   Tonic and stomachic.
  Wine, Cedah,  Cedrinum  vinum — w. Cham-
pagne, Vinum campanum — w. Chian,  Chium
vinum.
  Wine of Colchicum, Vinum  colchici — w. of
Colchicum seed, Vinum colchici seminis — w. of
Ergot, Vinum ergotae—w. of Gentian, compound,
Vinum gentianae compositum — w. of Hellebore,
white,  Vinum veratri.
  Wine, Ipecacuanha, Vinum Ipecacuanhas.
  Wine of Iron, Vinum ferri.
  Wine, Medicated,  Vinum  medicinale — w.
Mulled, see Wine.
  Wine of Opium, Vinum opii.
  Wine, Pout, Vinum Portugallicum—w. Pullet,
Poulet, vin de.
  Wine of Quinia, Vinum quiniae.
  Wi.ne, Rhubarb, Vinum rhei—w. Sherry, Vi-
num—w. Steel, Vitium ferri—w. Tobacco, Vinum
tabaci—w. Tar, see Pinus  sylvestris.
  Wine Whey, White  Wine Whey, (Prov.) Sack-
whey.  Take of good milk  two-tliirds of a pint,
and add water to make a pint.   Take of sherry,
or any other good  white  wine,  two glasses, and
of sugar a dessert-spoonful.   Place the milk  and
water in a deep pan on the fire;  and the  moment
it boils, pour into  it the  wine and  sugar.   Stir
assiduously for 12 or 15 minutes, whilst  it boils.
Lastly, strain through a sieve.
  It is a good mode of giving wine in  adynamic
states.
  Wine, White, see Wine.
  Wine of Wormwood, Vinum  absinthites.
  WING-SEED, Ptelea trifoliata.
  WINKERS, Cilia.
  WINKING, Scardamygmus.
  WINTER'S BARK TREE, Wintera aromatica.
   WINTER BERRY, SMOOTH, Prinos lsevi-
gatus — w. Berry,  Virginia, Prinos — w. Berry,
whorled, Prinos.
   Winter  Bloom, Hamamelis Virginiana — w.
Cough, Bronchitis, chronic—w. Green, Gaulthe-
ria—w. Green, round-leaved, Pyrola—w. Green,
spotted, Pyrola maculata.
   WINTERA, see Wintera aromatica.
   WlN'TERA AROMAT'lCA, Drimys Win'teri,  Win-
tera'na aromatica,  Winter's bark Tree;  Ord.
Magnoliaceae.   The bark,  Wintera (Ph. U. S.),
 Cortex Wintera'nua seu  Winter-anna Magellurl-
icua, C. Jliigellan'icna,  Cinnamo'mum Magel I ail -
icum,  (F.) Ecorce de Winter, Canneliepoivrie, is
very much allied in its properties to Canella alba.
   WINTERANA  AROMATICA, Wintera aro-
matica.
   WIRTSPRINGS, Hangnails.
   WISBADEN,  MINERAL  WATERS   OF.
 Wisbaden is a town of Germany, about 6 milea 
WISMUTHUM
9
85                WORMS
north of Mainz, and 22 west of Frankfort. It has
been long celebrated for  its hot springs ; and is
much frequented.   There are numerous cold and
thermal springs,—the former containing sulpho-
hydrio acid;  the  latter being  saline and acidu-
lous.   The temperature of the hot springs varies
from 117° to 160° Fahr.
  WISMUTHUM,  Bismuth.
  WITCH EN, Sorbus acuparia.
  WITCHIIAZEL, Hamamelis Virginiana,  Sor-
bus acuparia.
  WITCH MEAL, Lycopodium.
  WITCHWOOD, Sorbus acuparia.
  WIT TEETH, see Dentition.
  WITTER, Throat.
  WIZEN, Oesophagus.
  WO AD, Isatis tinctoria.
  WOD, Insane.
  WODNES, Insanity, Mania.
  WOLFBANE, Veratrum viride.
  WOLFSBANE,  Aconitum — w. Wholesome,
Aconitum anthora.
  WOLFSCLAW, Lycopodium.
  WOLFSJAW, see Harelip.
  WOMAN,  pi. women, Gyue, (F.) Femme, Sax.
pipman, ' wifeman,' ' woof'man.'  The  adult fe-
male of the human  race.
  WOMANHOOD,  Mulieritas.
  WOMB, Uterus—w. Falling down ofthe, Pro-
lapsus uteri.
  Womb Grain, Ergot.
  Womb, Laceration of  the,  Uterus,  rupture
of the—w. Tympany of the, Physometra.
  WONtiE, Cheek.
  WOOD, BRAZIL,  Caesalpinia echinata — w.
Elk, Andromeda arborea — w. Pernambuco, Cae-
salpinia echinata.
  Wood-lice, Onisci aselli.
  Wood-march, Sanicle.
  Wood, Nicaragua, see Caesalpinia—w. Peach,
see  Caesalpinia — w.  Pernambuco, Ca?salpinia
echinata — w. Sampfen, Caesalpinia sappan — w.
Sappan, Caesalpinia sappan.
  Wood Sorrel, Oxalis  acetosella.
  Woon, Sour, Andromeda arborea—w. Waxen,
Genista tinctoria.
  WOODWEX,  Genista tinctoria.
  WOODBINE, COMMON, Lonicera periclyme-
num.
  WOODROOF,  SWEET-SCENTED, Asperula
odorata.
  WOODS, SUDORIF'IC, (F.) Boia sudorifiques.
This term is  applied,  collectively, to guaiacum,
sassafras, china, and sarsaparilla, which are often
used together to form the sudorific decoction.
  WOORALI, Curare.
  WOORARA, Curare.
  WORM, see Alembic, Vermiform process — w.
Bark tree, Geoffraea inermis—w. Cakes,  Story's,
see Cakes, worm, Story's — w. Disease, Helmin-
thiasis__w.  Goosef'oot, Chenopodium anthelmin-
ticutn — w. Grass,  perennial, Spigelia Marilan-
dica.
  Worm, Guinea, Dracunculus.
  Worm Loz'kngks, Ching's.  Empirical prepa-
rations, which consist of yellow and brown lo-
zenges.  The former are directed to be taken in
the'"evening; the latter on the following morning.
The Yellow Lozenges.  (Saffron,  *ss, water, Oj ;
boil  and strain; and add  of  while parracea of
mercury, (calomel washed in spirit of wine,) Ibj,
white sm/ar,  2$  lbs, mucilage ofi gum  tragacanth
a. s. to make a mass.  Divide, so that each lo-
zenge may contain a grain of the panacea.) The
Brown Lozenges.   (Panacea ,^vij, re«/n ofi jalap
tbiijss, white sugar Ibix, mucilage ofi gum tragac.
q. s.  Each lozenge  to contain gr. ss of the pa-
nacea.)
  Worm Lozenges,  Sherman's, are said to be
composed of calomel, gamboge, and sugar.
  Petera'a  Worm Lozengca  are said to be  com-
posed in a similar manner.
  Worm Root, Spigelia Marilandica — w. Seed,
Artemisia santonica, Chenopodium anthelminti-
cum— w. Seed, goosefoot, Chenopodium  anthel-
minticum — w. Weed, Corsican, Corallina Corsi-
cana, Polanisia graveolens—w. Weed, white, Co-
rallina—w. Wood, biennial, Artemisia biennis —
w. Wood,  Canada, Artemisia  canadensis — w.
Wood, common, Artemisia absinthium—w. Wood,
creeping, Artemisia rupestris — w. Wood, lesser,
Artemisia Pontiea—w. Wood, Roman, Artemisia
Pontica—w. Wood, sea, Artemisia maritima—w.
Wood, silky, Artemisia glacialis.
  WORMIA'NA  OSSA  seu  OSSICULA,  0.
epacttlliii seu raphogeminan'tia seu triq'uetra sen
triangula i ia Bla'sii  seu eutura'rum, Clares cal-
va'ria,  Wormian  bones, (F.)  Os  Wormiena  ou
ipitetaiix  ou  surnumiraires  (Ch.), ou intercalia
ou triangulares ou Clefs du crdne.  Small bones,
which are sometimes observable in the sutures of
the bones of the cranium, of  which they form a
part.  They were called Wormiana, from Olaus
Wormius, who is said to  have first described
them.  They had been previously, however, men-
tioned by G. Andernach, a physician at Strasburg.
The Ossa Wormiana  exist more commonly in the
sutures ofthe vault of the skull; especially in the
lambdoidal, sagittal, and squamous.  They are
uncommon at  the base of the skull.   Their size
is  very  variable,  and  shape  irregular.  Their
structure and development are similar to those of
the other bones of the cranium; and, like them,
they are bounded by sutures.
  WORMIT, Artemisia absinthium,
  WORMS, originally  from  (L.) Vermes; (F.)
Vers; Entozo'a, Entozoa'ria,  Enterozo'a, Endo-
zo'a,  Entelminth'a,  Enthelmiilthes, Helmin'thi,
Entoparasites,  (F.) Entozoaires.  Animals whose
common character is  that of existing only in
other  animals ; hence their  name entozoa, from
ei>to{, ' within,' and fwoi/, ' animal.'  They  are met
with,  not only in the natural  cavities,  but even
in  the tissue of the organs, but chiefly in the
intestines— Vermes  intestini,  Helmin'thia alvi
seu jroilicis, Splanchnelmintllia, Intes'tinal worms,
(F.) Vers intestrnaiix, Angibrometminthie.  Piorry,
Cuvier,  Rudolphi, Brera, Bremser, Laennec, and
others,  have endeavoured  to  classify  them,—
some according to their shape; others, according
to  their anatomical characters.
  The following table exhibits most of the entozoa
which have been met with  in the  human body,
and their usual habitats: —
        Entozoa.

Trichoceph'alus dispar,
Oxyu'ris vermicula'ris,
As'caris ala'ta,
As'caris lumbricoi'des,
Ancyelos'toma duodenale,
Bothrioceph'alus latus,
Tae'nia so'lium,
Pent.is'toma constric'tum,
Tae'nia nana,
Distoma haemato'bium,

Ditrachyc'eras rudis, (?)
Diploso'ma crena'ta,
Spirop'tera hom'inis,
Ductyl'ius aculea'tus,
Where found.
Intestines.
    "   and  Liver.
 Intestines and Ve-
   na porta.
 Intestines.

• Urinary bladder. 
WORSUM
986
WRYNECK
Dis'toma hepat'icum,
Dis'toma lanceola'tum,
Stron'gylus gigas,         )
Tetras'toma rena'le,       J
Fila'ria oc'uli,
Monos'toma lentis,
Distoma oc'uli huma'ni,     [

Acephalocyst'is endog"ena,
Echinococ'cus hom'inis,    [
Polys'toma pinguic'ola,     |
Hexathyrid'ium pinguic'ola j
Polys'toma  vena'rum  seu
   sanguic'ola,
Hexathyrid'ium vena'rum,
Fila'ria bronchia'lis,
Trichi'na spira'lis,         j
Cysticer'cus  cellulo'sfe,     j
Acephalocyst'is multif'ida,
Fila'ria  medinen'sis,
Gall bladder.
Hepatic duct.

Kidney.
Eye.
Crystalline.
Capsule of crystal-
  line.
Liver.
Liver, Spleen, and
  Omentum.
Ovary.

Veins.

Bronchial glands.
Muscles.
Brain.
Areolar texture.
  The most common of these are:—the Oxyuris
vermicularis,  Ascaris lumbricoides, and  Taenia,
which are found in the intestines.  The origin of
these worms is  extremely singular, and more fa-
vourable than any other fact  to  the  hypothesis
of spontaneous generation in the lowest tribes of
animated nature.  They are certainly  not identi-
cal with  any worms  out of the body.   They are
most commonly met with in children  improperly
fed;  but their presence  cannot be positively de-
tected by any symptoms, except that  of the dis-
charge of the worms themselves in the evacua-
tions.  They may, of course, give rise to every
kind of irritation in the intestinal  tube, and to
sympathetic disturbance in  most of the functions;
but all these signs may be produced by intestinal
irritation resulting from other causes.
  Anthelmintics or  vermifuges, employed, as the
name imports,  for their removal, may be of two
kinds—mechanical and true.  To the first class—
the mechanical—belong Emetics, Purgatives, JIu-
cuna, powdered Tin, &c.  To the latter—the true
anthelmintics,— Turpentine, Chenopodium anthel-
minticum, Pink-root, Semina Santonici, &e.  Of
these, the  best  is turpentine.  See Oleum  tere-
binthinae.  The great object, however, is  to pre-
vent their generation.   This must be  done by
generous diet, fresh  air, and tonics, where neces-
sary.
  Worms, Acne punctata.
  WORSUM, Pus.
  WORT,  Sax. pypt,  Mustum, Infu'sum Bynes
seu  Bra'sii seu Malti, (F.)  Moiit de la Bifm. An
infusion of salt.  This has  been recommended in
scurvy.  One measure of ground malt is added to
three equal measures of boiling water. The mix-
ture  must be  well  stirred, and  left to  stand
covered  three or four  hours.  Dose,  one  to four
pints, daily.   It has, also,  been recommended in
other cases, where a strong putrescent disposition
appeared to prevail in the fluids, as in cancerous
and phagedenic ulcers.  It is not now employed.
  WORTWALE, Hangnail.
  WOSEN, Trachea.
  WOUND, Sax. punts, Vulnus, Volnus, (diminu-
tive Vulnus'culurn), Plaga, Trauma, Troma, Tresis,
Tresis Vulnus, Blabe, Tymma, (F.) Plate, Bles-
sure.   A solution of continuity in the soft parts,
produced by some mechanical agent.   Wounds
present innumerable differences,  as regards their
situation; the parts interested;  their direction;
size;  shape;  the nature  of the  instrument or
agent by which they are produced ; their more
or less simple or eomplex character, duration, <fcc.
A wound is called incised, (F.) Coupure,  Incision,
when made by a cutting instrument;—punctured,
Nygma,  (F.) Piqure, when made by a pointed
instrument; — lacerated,  (F.) Dichirurc,  Plate
par arrachement, when  the  parts are lacerated
or torn by the  wounded body; poisoned, Cellu-
litis  venena'ta,  Necu'sia, (F.) Plate envenimie,
when some  virulent or venomous  substance has
been  introduced;—and contused, (F.) Plate con-
tuse, when'produced by a blunt body.   Gunshot
wounds,  Selopetopla'ga, Vul'nera sclopeta'ria seu
a sclope'tis,  (F.) Plaies d'armes d fieu ou d'arque-
busade ou d'arquebuse, Coup de fieu, belong to the
last division.
   WOURALI, Curare.
   WOURARI, Curare.
   WOURARU, Curare.
   WOURSUM, Pus.
   WRACK,  SEA,  Fucus vesiculosus —w. Blad-
der, yellow, Fucus vesiculosus.
   WRAMP, Sprain.
   WRAPPING  UP,  (of  the   hydropathists,)
Emaillottage.
   WRATACK,  Nanus.
   WRENCH, Sprain.
   WRET, Verruca.
   WRETWEED, Euphorbia palustris.
   WRIGHTIA ANTIDYSENTERICA, Nerium
antidysentericum.
   WRINKLE,  Sax. rrmcle, Ruga, Rytis, Rha-
cus,  Ithachus, Rhagus,  Rhysse'ma,  Corruga'tio cu-
tis, Ruelles, (Sc.) Bunkle, Runkill, (Prov.) Crin-
kle-crankle, (F.) Ride.  A furrow or fold in the
skin of the face, forehead, vagina, &c.   See Cor-
rugation.
   WRINKLED, Rngo'sus, Rugous, Rugose, (F.)
Ridi.  Full of wrinkles.
   WRIST,  Carpus.
   WRIST-DROP.  Paralysis of  the muscles of
the forearm, induced by the poison of lead.
   WRITERS' SPASM, see Spasm, writers'.
   WURALI, Curare.
   WURSTGIFT, Allantotoxicum.
   WRONG HEIR, Cancellus.
   WRYNECK, Torticollis. 
X LEG
987
XIPHOPAGES
X.
  X LEG, Entogonyancon.
  XALAPPA, Convolvulus jalapa.
  XANTHIC OXIDE, Uric oxide.
  XANTHINE, Uric oxide.
  XAN'TIIIUM, X. Slruma'rium seu Orienta'le
seu Vulga're, Barda'na minor, Lappa minor, Les-
ser Burdock, Burwced, ISurthistl.e, Clotbur, Cockle-
bur,^.) Lampourde, Petit Glonteron, Petite Bar-
dane, from («j/^os, 'yellow,' because ofthe colour
the plant is said to yield.  This herb, as  one of
its names imports, was once esteemed for the cure
of scrofula.   The seeds have been administered
in cutaneous affections.
  XANTHIURIA, Xanthuria.
   XANTHOPSIA,  from ^avQog, 'yellow,'  and
oi|/if, 'vision.'   Yellow  vision, — as  sometimes
occurs in jaundice.
   XANTHORRHIZA, (frvSos, 'yellow,' and pit^a,
'root.')  Xanthorrhiza apiifolia.
   Xanthorrhi'za Apiifo'lia, Xanthorrhiza, X.
simplicis'st'iiia seu Mtirbu'ica, Zuntharrhiza tinc-
to'ria,  Yellow Hoot,  Parsley-leaved Yellow Root,
 Yellow wort,  Shrub  yellow  root.  The root of
this American  plant—A'niit'-Wi-Ai'za, (Ph. U. S.)
—is a strong and pleasant  bitter;  and,  in  the
dose of two scruples, sits easy upon the stomach.
   XANTHORRHGE'A, Grass Tree.  A genus of
trees in Australia, ATat. Order, Liliaceae, of which
there are several species.   Two resins are  ob-
tained frora them ;—one the yellow resin ofi Xan-
thorrhoea or of New  Holland, Resina lu'tea Nod
Belgii, Botany Bay  resin, Ac'aroid resin  or gum,
resi'na vel gummi acaro'i'des, which probably re-
sembles  tolu and storax in medicinal properties ;
—the other the red resin of Xanthorrhoea, black-
boy gum.
   XANTHOS, Yellow.
   XANTHO'SIS.   A term applied to the yellow
discolouration  often  observed  in  cancerous  tu-
mours— especially in encephaloid ofthe  testicle.
— Lebert.
   XANTHOX'YLUM FRAXIN'EUM,  (fai-flos,
'yellow,'and t;v\ov,  'wood.') X. america'nmn, N.
firaxinifio'liutn, N.  ramifio'rum, X. triear'pnm,
Prickly ash, Shrubby prickly ash, Toothache bush,
 Toothache tree, Pellitory,   Yellow wood, Sitter-
berry.  Ord. Xnnthoxylaceae.  A spirituous in-
fusion ofthe bark — Xanthox'ylum—Ph.  U. S.—
has been highly recommended  in cases of vio-
lent colic.   The fresh juice, expressed from  the
root of xanthoxylum, is said to  afford relief in
the dry bellyache of the West Indies.  A decoc-
tion of the bark is sometimes used as a wash to
foul ulcers.
   Xantiioxvlum  Carolia'num  has  similar pro-
perties ;  but is more acrid.
   Xanthoxvi.um  Clava Herculis  of the West
Indies, (F.)  Clavalier d feuilles  de firene, Frine
ipineux  is a very strong stimulant, and powerful
sialogogue:  and  has been  given internally in
rheumatism.
   Xanthoxvi.um  Octandra, Fagara octandra.
   XANTHU'RIA, Nanthiu'ria, from ^avBoc, 'yel-
low,' and ovpov, 'urine.'   A condition of the sys-
tem and of the urine, in which xanthic oxide is
deposited from  the urine.
   XANTICA,  Carminatives.
   XAX'TOLINA, Artemi.-ia santonica.
   XENODOCEUM, Hospital.
  XENODOCHEUM, Hospital.
  XERANSIS, Arefaction, Drying.
  XERANTIA, Siccantia.
  XERA'SIA.   Same etymon ; from Znpoc, 'dry.'
A disease of the hairs, which  become dry, cease
to grow, and resemble down covered with dust.—
Galen.
  XERION, Catapasma.
  XEROCOLLYRTUM, from hpoc, 'dry,' and
KoWovpmv, 'a collyrium;' Collyrium siccum.  A
dry collyrium.
  XERODER'MA, from fijpoj, 'dry,' and  hpua.
'skin.'  Diminution of secretion ofthe sebaceous
glands.
  XEROMA, Xeropththalmia—x. Conjunctival,
Xerophthalmia—x. Lachrymal, Xerophthalmia.
  Xeroma,  Lachrymal.   Suppression of  the
lachrymal secretion.  See Xerophthalmia.
  XEROMYCTER, Xeromycteria.
  XEROMYCTE'RIA, Xeromycter, from  &po<;,
' dry,' and uvktijp,  ' the  nose.'   Dryness of the
nose.
  XEROMY'RON,  Vngnen'tum siccum;   from
fi/pof, 'dry,' and uvpov,  'an  ointment.'  A dry
ointment. — Gorneus.
  XEROPHA'GIA, from \npoc,  • dry,' and $ayu>,
' I eat.'  Excessive use of dry aliment.  A kind
of regimen to which the ancient athletae subjected
themselves, with  the view of  increasing  their
strength.
   XEROWHTAIAL'MIA,Ophthalmia sicca,Oph-
thalmoxero'sis, Nero'ma,  from  £itpos, 'dry,' and
otpSa^/iia, 'inflammation  ofthe eye.'  An inflam-
mation of the eye, without discharge.  The term
—as well as Conjunctival and Lacllryrnal Xero'-
ma, and  Cutic'ular Conjunctiva—has been given
to cases  in which  the conjunctiva is so changed,
that it presents more of the characters of skin
 than of  mucous membrane.  It is incapable of
radical cure.   Also, lippitudo.
   XEROTRIBIA, see Friction.
   XEROTRIPSIS, Friction,  dry.
   XTPHISTERNUM, Xiphoid.
   XIPHODES, Xiphoid.
   XIPTIODYMUS, Thoraco-gastrodidymus.
   XIPHOID,  Xiphoi'des,  Xipho'des  Ensifior'-
mis, from  ^tgroc, 'a  sword,' and  ei&oc, 'shape;'
 Cart i hi go Xipho'ides seu Xipho'idea seu Seitfa'lis
 seu  Ensiformis sen Pelt,His  seu Pelta'tus, Fnr-
 cella infe'rior, Jlucrona'tum os, Mucrona'ta Car-
 tila'i/o, Chondros, Processus xiphosterna'lis seu xi-
pho'ides seu sterni xipho'ideus, Niphisternum, En'-
siform car'tilage, (F.) Appendice ou cartilage xi-
pho'ide, C. Jlttcroni, Appendice sous-sternale, Pa-
 lette.  The  name  of  the appendix which  termi-
 nates the sternum beneath ;  and which is so called
 from some resemblance to a sword.
   Xiphoid   Lig'ament,   Costo-xyphoid L.  (F.)
 Ligament xipho'idien  ou costo-xipho'idien, is  a
 small, very thin,  ligamentous fasciculus,  which
 passes from the cartilage of prolongation  of the
 7th  rib to the anterior surface of the xiphoid car-
 tilage, into  which  it  is inserted by its fibres de-
 cussating with those of the  opposite ligament,
   XIPHOPA'GES, Did'ymus Symplryo-epigas'.
 trius ; from |i(6of, 'a  sword,' and iniyi/v/ii, 'I fix.'
A monstrosity, in  which twins are  united by the
epigastrium, as in the case of the Siamese  twins. 
XYLO-ALOES
98
8               Y-WER-A
  XYLO-ALOES,  Agallochum — x. Balsamum,
see Amyris  opobalsamum — x. Cassia,  Laurus
cassia — x. Cinnamomum, Laurus cinnamomum.
  XYLIIM, Gossipium.
  XYMPATHIA, Sympathy.
  XYRIS, Iris foetidissima.
  Xyris Bulbo'sa, A'. In'dica seu Carolinia'na,
Yellow-eyed Grass ; indigenous ; Order, Xyrida-
ceae;  flowering from  July to  September.  The
roots  and  leaves are said to  be used by the Hin-
  YAM.  This  esculent root is principally ob-
tained from three species of Diosco'rea, —ala'ta
bulbif'era, and sati'va.  They grow spontaneously
in both the Indies, and their roots are eaten pro-
miscuously, as the potato is with us.  Their taste
is somewhat like that of the potato.
  YAM ROOT,  WILD, Dioscorea villosa.
  YARD, Penis.
  YARROW, COMMON, Achillea millefolium.
  YAUPON, Ilex vomitoria.
  YAVA  SKIN, Elephantiasis Arabum.
  YAWNING, from Sax. seonan, Chasme, Chas-
mtts, Hia'tus, Osce'do, Oscita'tio, Clonus pandicu-
la'tio  maxilla'rum,  Gaping,   (F.)  Battlement.
Yawning consists of a deep inspiration, with con-
siderable separation of the jaws, executed  slowly
and in an  involuntary manner, and followed  by
a prolonged and more or less sonorous expiration.
This respiratory movement is preceded by a feel-
ing of oppression in the epigastric region,  and in
the  muscles  of respiration  and  mastication.
Yawning  has  been  conceived to be owing  to tor-
por in the pulmonary circulation ; the causes pro-
ducing it being commonly  ennui, fatigue,  sleepi-
ness,  monotonous sounds, hunger, sympathy, &c.
Yawning  often precedes the  invasion  of certain
intermittents, attacks of hysteria, <fcc, and it may,
by its frequency, and  obstinacy, become  a true
disease.
  YAW  ROOT, Stillingia.
  YAWS, Fraiubcesia.
  YEAST, Yest — y. Plant, Torula cerevisiae.
   YE BLE, Sambucus ebulus.
  YELK, see Ovum.
  YELLOW, Flavus, Lu'teus, Xanthus, from past
participle of Sax. seselan, 'to burn.'   One of the
seven primitive  colours.
  Yellow Ash, Cladrastis tinctoria—y.  Berry,
Podophyllum  montanum — y. Fever, see  Fever,
yellow — y. Fever, mild, see  Relapse—y. Jack,
Fever, yellow.
  Yellow Lig'aments, (F.) Ligaments jaunes,
occupy the spaces  between the vertebral plates,
from  the interval,  which separates the  second
vertebra  from the  third, to that which separates
the last vertebra from the sacrum.   They  are so
called in consequence of their colour.
  Yellow Paint,  Hydrastis  Canadensis—y.
Root,   Jeffersonia  Bartoni — y. Root, parsley-
leaved, Xanthorrhiza apiifolia — y. Root, shrub,
Xanthorrhiza apiifolia.
doos in lepra, and chronic cutaneous diseases in
general.
  XYRUM, Novacula.
  XYRUS, Novacula.
  XYSMA, Linteum,  Rasura, Scobs.
  XYSMOS, Rasura.
  XYSTER, Raspatorium.
  XYSTOS, Linteum.
  XYSTRUM, Raspatorium—x. Ophthalmicum,
Ophthalmoxyster.
   Yellow Spring, see Ohio, Mineral waters of.
   Yellow Springs.  These are in Chester coun-
ty, Pennsylvania.   The temperature ofthe chief
spring is  53° Fahr.  The water contains no im-
pregnation.
   Yellow Star, Helenium autumnale—y. Weed,
Ranunculus acris—y. Wood, Xanthoxylum fraxi-
neum—y.  Wort,  Parsley-leaved, Xanthorrhiza
apiifolia.
   YELLOWS, Cypripedium luteum, Icterus, Ra-
nunculus acris.
   VERBA DEL  SOLD AD A, Matico — y. de
Huaca, Datura sanguinea.
   YEST, Yeast,  Sax. sert, from yrx, 'a storm,'
yj--15, 'stormy;' Cerevisia Fermen'tum, Spuma,
Cerevisia, Barm, (F.) Levure, Levure de la Bih-e.
The scum which collects on the surface of beer
whilst fermenting.  Yest is antiseptic and tonic.
It has been much  extolled in putrid fevers, — a
table-spoonful being given as a dose, in porter,
wine, <fcc.   It is, also, applied in  the form of ca-
taplasm, to foul ulcers.  In all these cases, it acta
by virtue of the  generation of carbonic acid gas.
   YEUX  ARDENS, Ardent eyes — y. d'Ecre-
visse,  Cancrorum chela3.
   YEW TREE,  Taxus  baccata —y. American,
Taxus Canadensis.
   YLECH, Ilech.
   YLIATER, Ilech.
   YOKE, Singultus.
   YOLK, see Ovum, and Vesicula umbilicalis—y.
Membrane, see Vesicula umbilicalis.
   YORK SPRINGS.  These are in Adams coun-
ty, Pennsylvania.  One  of them is a saline, con-
taining sulphates  of magnesia  and lime,  and
chloride of sodium, and is a mild cathartic and
diuretic; — the other is a strong chalybeate.
   YOUK, Itching, Psora.
   YOUTH, Adolescence.
   YOPON, Ilex  vomitoria.
  YPSELOGLOSSUS, Basioglossus.
   YRIDES, Orpiment.
   YSAM'BRA, Pedigam'bra.  An ancient  Spa-
nish poison, of which hellebore formed the great-
est part.
   YUCCA, Jatropha manihot.
  Yucca Filamento'sa, Bear's grass, Silk grass ;
indigenous.  A  tincture  of the  root has  been
used in gonorrhoea.
  YUKE, Itching. Psora.
  Y-WER-A, see Spirit.
Y. 
ZACCIIARUM             989         ZIXCI  CHLORIDUM
z.
  ZACCIIARUM, Saccharum.
  ZAEL, Borosail.
  ZAI'FRAN, Crocus.
  ZAFFRE, Smalt.
  ZAMBO, see Mulatto.
  ZAMIA INTEGRIFOLIA, see Arrowroot— z.
Pumila, see Arrowroot.
  ZANNA.  A kind of Armenian bole, used by
the ancients as a desiccative.  It was also called
Zarnacha.
  ZANTIIORRHIZA  APIIFOLIA,  Xanthor-
rhiza apiifolia.
  ZANTHOXYLUM, Xanthoxylum.
  ZAPANIA NODIFLORA, Anacoluppa.
  ZARNACHA, Zanna.
  ZARSA, Smilax sarsaparilla.
  ZARZAPARILLA, Smilax sarsaparilla.
  ZEA  MAYS, Z.  vulga're,  Mays, M.  zea seu
America'na,  Ador, Indian Corn, Corn, Turkey or
Indian Wheat, Maize, Mayz, (F.) Mais, Graine de
Turquie, Bli d'lnde ou d'Espagne ou d'ltalie ou
de Turquie.  Ord. Gramineae.  A native  of Ame-
rica, and much used over the whole of  the con-
tinent as an  article of diet.  It is ground for the
same purposes as wheat, and forms an excellent
bread.
  fya or $eta, was the ancient name of a sort of
corn.
  ZEDOAIRE ROND, Kaempferia rotunda.
  ZEDOARIA, Kaempferia rotunda — z. Longa,
gee Kaimpferia — z.  Rotunda, see Kaempferia.
  ZEDOARY, Kaempferia rotunda.
  ZELOSIS, Zelotypia.
  ZELOTYPTA,  from  ^Xos, 'love,' and rviroc,
'form,' ' model;' Zelo'sis.  It has  been proposed
to apply this name to the violent mental  affection
produced by the acknowledged or presumed infi-
delity of a beloved object; and  to the conse-
quences of such affection; — melancholy, mania,
&c.
  ZEMA,  Decoction.
  ZENTCON, fyviKov.  Ancient name of a Keltic
poison, used for poisoning arrows.
  ZEOCRITON DISTICHUM, Hordeum  disti-
chon.
  ZEPHACH, Peritonaeum.
  ZERMA, Zerna.
  ZERNA, Zerma.  Amongst the barbarous La-
tin writers it signified ulcerated impetigo, Impe-
tigo ulcera'ta.
  ZERUMBET, Cassumuniar.
  ZESIS,  Effervescence, Decoction.
  ZEST, see Citrus  medica.
  ZESTOLUSIA, Bath, hot.
  ZIBEILE, see Vitis vinifera.
  ZIBETHUM, Civetta.
  ZIGNITES, Zingrites.
  EINC, Zincum, Zinkum,  Speltrum, Speattter,
Tutenag, Zinchum, Zint, Stannum In'dicum. Per-
haps formed etymologically from (G.) Zin, 'Tin.'
A metal obtained from  calamine and blende.  Its
colour is bluish-white ; lustre ofthe fresh surface
considerable, but soon dulled, from the facility
with which  it oxidates:  hard ; texture  striated.
S. g. 7 H'O.  Melts  at  700° Fah., burns with a
bright  flame in a higher temperature, and is vo-
latilized in tbe form of a white, flocculent  oxyd.
Its use, in medicine, is  in  the formation of the
following preparations.
  ZINC, ACETATE DE,  Zinci acetas—z. But-
ter of, Zinci chloridum —  z. Chloride of,  Zinci
chloridum — z. Chlorure  de,  Zinci chloridum — z.
Cyanure  de, Zinci  cyanuretum — z. Ferrohydro-
cyanate of,  Zinci  cyanuretum — z. Flowers  of,
Zinci oxydum — z. Hydrocyanate of, Zinci cya-
nuretum— z. Iodide of, Zinci Iodidum—z.  Iodu-
ret of, Zinci Iodidum.
  Zinc and Morph'ia, Double I'odide of, (F.)
Iodure double de Zinc  et de  Jlorphine.   This salt
is  prepared by boiling  iodide ofi iodhydrate  ofi
morphia  with water and zinc,  after they have
acted on each other for some days;  filtering and
crystallizing. It is considered to  combine  the
properties of morphia and  the salts of zinc, and
has been prescribed as an anodyne and antispas-
modic.  Dose, a quarter of  a grain.
  ZINC, ONIDE  DE, Zinci oxydum —z.  Oxyd
of, Zinci oxydum.
  Zinc and  Strych'nia,  Double  I'odide  op.
This salt  is prepared by digesting for several
days in hot water, iodide ofi iodhydrate of strych-
nia and zinc ; filtering and  crystallizing.  It has
been proposed in the same cases as  strychnia.
  ZINC, SULFATE DE, Zinci sulphas—z. Sul-
phate of, Zinci sulphas—z. Valerianate of, Zinci
Valerian as.
  ZINCHUM, Zincum.
  ZINCI  ACE'TAS, Ac"etate of Zinc,  (F.) Aci-
tate  de Zinc.  (Plumbi  acet. Ibj,  zinc, granul.
^ix, aqua destillat. Oiij.   Dissolve the acetate
of lead in the water, and filter.  Add the zinc to
the solution, and agitate them occasionally to-
gether, in a stopped bottle,  for five  or six hours,
or until the liquor yields no precipitate with a
solution of iodide of potassium. Filter the liquor,
evaporate it with a moderate heat  to  one-fifth,
and  set it aside to  crystallize.   Pour off  the
liquid, and dry the crystals  on bibulous paper.
  Should the crystals be coloured, dissolve  them
in distilled water,  and having heated  the solu-
tion, drop into it, while hot, a filtered solution of
chlorinated lime, until it ceases to let fall sesqui-
oxide of iron ; filter the liquor, acidulate it with
a few drops of  acetic  acid,  evaporate, and  crys-
tallize.—/'/!. U. S.)
  Frequently used to form a gently  astringent
wash in  ophthalmia  and other local  inflamma-
tions; and as an injection in gonorrhoea.
  Zinci Carbonas Impurus, Calamina.
  Zinci Car'bonas Pu/Ecipita'tus, Precipitated
carbonate of Zinc. (Zinci sulphat., soda carbonat.
aa Ibj ; aq. bullient. cong.   Dissolve the sulphate
of zinc and carbonate of soda respectively in Oiv
of water.   Mix the solutions; stir, and set the
mixture by, that the powder  may subside. Having
poured off the liquid,  wash  the precipitated car-
bonate of zinc with hot water, until the fluid of
the washings is  nearly tasteless, and dry with a
gentle heat. — Ph. U. S.)   Used to prepare the
Zinci oxidum.
  Zinci Carbonas Pr.eparatus, Calamina prae-
parata— z. Chloridi liquor,  see Burnett's Disin-
fecting Liquid.
  Zinci  Chlo'ridum, Z. chlorure'tum, Zincum
chlora'tum seu nturiuf'iciim  (oxydatum), Chloride 
ZINCI CHLORURETUM       990
ZOIATRI.Y
or  Chloruret  of Zinc,  (F.)  Chlorure de  Zinc.
(Zinc,  in frustulis,  ,^ijss;  acid,  nitric,  creta
liraparal. aa ^J »  ocitt.  muriat.  q.  s.  To  the
zinc, in the porcelain vessel, add gradually suffi-
cient muriatic acid to dissolve it; strain, add the
nitric acid, and  evaporate to dryness.  Dissolve
the dry mass  in water,  add the chalk, allow the
mixture  to stand for 24 hours, filter, and  again
evaporate to  dryness. — Ph. U. S.)  It is very
deliquescent  in  the  air, forming  the Butter  of
Zinc, Buty'rum Zinci.
  Chloride of Zinc is a powerful escharotic, and
has been lately employed as  an effective anti-
septic.
  Zinci Chloruretum,  Z. chloridum.
  Zinci Cyanure'tum,  Z. cyan'idum  seu Hydro-
cy'anas  seu  Prus'sias,  Zincum Cyanogena'tum
seu Borus'sicum  seu Zoot'icum,  Hydrocy'unate of
Zinc, (F.) Cyanure de Zinc.  This salt is formed
by adding sulphate of  zinc to hydrocyanate  of
potassa so long as any precipitate is thrown  down.
When  dried and Calcined at a low heat, the pro-
duct is a mixture of cyanuret of zinc and of po-
tassium.  It  has been recommended in nervous
cardialgia.   Dose,  from  one-sixteenth to  one-
twelfth of a grain.
  It is chiefly used as a caustic; one part of the
chloride  being mixed with four,  three, or two
parts of flour, according to the  desired strength,
and a few, drops  of water being added to form a
paste.
  ZlNCl  FeRROHYDROCY'ANAS,  Zinci ferrocya-
nure'tum, Cyanure'tum  Ferrozirlcicum, Zincum
Fer nth ydrocy an'icum, Ferrohydrocyanate ofi Zinc.
Made by the mutual decomposition of boiling-hot
solutions of sulphate of zinc and ferrocyanate  of
potassa.  It has  been recommended in the same
cases as the last preparation.
  Zinci Hydrocyanas,  Zinci cyanuretum.
  Zinci Iod'idum, Z. lodnre'tum, Zincum  loda'-
tinn, lode'tum Zinci seu Zin'cicum, Protoiodure''-
tum Zinci, Todide or lod'uret of Zinc, (F.) Iodure
de Zinc.   This salt  is made by boiling together
iodine  and  zinc  to dryness, and subliming.  An
ointment, composed of a drachm to an ounce  of
lard, has been used in cases where the external
use of  iodide of'potassium is indicated.
  Zinci Ioduretum, Z. iodidum — z. Nix, Zinci
oxydum.
  Zinci  Ox'ydum,  Zincum  calcina'tum,   Nihil
Album, Lana  Philosopho'rum seu  Philosophl'ca,
A'ix Zinci, Nihil Gris'euin, Pom'pholyx, Oxyd  ofi
Zinc,  Flowers of Zinc,  (F.) Oxide ou Blanc  de
Zinc.   (Procured by burning zinc in along, deep
crucible, placed  so  as to collect the sublimate.
Also,  by exposing the  precipitate thrown  down
from a solution  of sulphate of  zinc by carbonate
ofi ammonia to a strong heat,  so as to drive off
the carbonic acid. — Ph. U. S.)  It is tonic and
antispasmodic;  externally, detergent and  desic-
cative.   Employed in epilepsy, chorea, &c.  For
its external use,  see Ung. Zinci.
  Zinci  Oxydum Impurum, Tutia—z. Prussias,
Zinci cyanuretum.
  Zinci Sulphas, Sulphate ofi Zinc, Zincum Vit-
riolu'tum, Vitriolum Album seu Goslaricn'se seu
Zinci,  Sulphas Zin'cicum, Gilla  Vitrioli seu The-
uphras'ti, Sal Vitrioli  seu Vomitol-iiim Vitrioli,
 Cha/can'thiim  Album, White  Vitriol,  White Cop-
peras,  (F.)  Sulfate de  Zinc.   (Zinc, in frustul.
^iv:  acid, sulphuric. 3%j; aqua destillat. Oiv.
To  the zinc and  water, previously introduced into
a glass vessel, add by degrees the sulphuric acid,
and, when  the effervescence  shall  have ceased,
filter  the solution through  paper;  then  boil  it
down  till a pellicle begins to form, and set aside
to crystallize.—Ph.  U. S.)  The sulphate of zinc
it> inodorous; taste, styptic.  It is in white, semi-  |
transparent, efflorescent crystals; soluble in three
parts of water at  60°.   It is emetic, tonic, anti-
spasuiodic, and, externally, astringent.  A  nos-
trum, sold under the niiuie Antiperlns'sis, and, as
its  title  imports,  given  in  hooping-cough,  con-
tains this salt as its chief ingredient. It is emetic.
Dose, as an emetic, gr. x to ^ss;  as a tonic,  gr. j
to ij.  Used  externally as a collyrium, gr. j. tu
water f5J.
  Zinci Vai.ehia'nas, Zincum valerian'icum,  Va-
le'donate ofi Zinc.   A salt formed by  saturating
valerianic acid with freshly  prepared carbonate
of zinc.  It is in  pure  white, pearly scales,  and
has  been recommended  as  a tonic in neuralgic
diseases, epilepsy,  &e.  The  dose is one or  two
grains several  times a day.   It is officinal in the
Dublin Pharmacopoeia.
  ZINCUM,  Zinc — z. Borussicum, Zinci cyanu-
retum—z. Calcinatum, Zinci oxydum—z. Chlora-
tum, Zinci chloridum — z. Cyanogenatmn, Zinci
cyanuretum — z. Ferrohydrocyanicum, Zinci  fcr-
rohydrocyanas — z. Iodatum, Zinci iodidum — z.
Muriaticum,  Zinci chloridum — z. Valcrianicum,
Zinci valerianas—z. Vitriolatum,  Zinci sulphas—
z. Zooticum, Zinci cyanuretum.
  ZINGIBER, Amomum zingiber — z. Cassumu-
niar, see Cassumuniar — z. Cliffordia, see Cassu-
muniar— z. Germanicum, Arum  maculatum — z.
Officinale, Amomum  zingiber—z.  Purpureum, see
Cassumuniar — z.  Spurium, see Cassumuniar—z.
Zeruiubet, see Cassumuniar.
  ZINGIBERIN,  Piperoid.
  ZINGRI'TES, Zigni'tes.  A stone, resembling
glass; to which the  ancients attributed marvel-
lous properties.
  ZINKUM,  Zincum.
  ZINT, Zincum.
  ZINZIBER, Amomum zingiber.
  ZIPHAC, Peritonajum.
  ZIRBUS, Epiploon — z. Adipinus,  Epiploon,
gastro-colic.
  ZIZA'NIA  AQUATTCA, Wild Rice;  Ord.
Grnmineae;  called  by  the  Indians,  Jlenomene,
grows abundantly  on the marshy margins of the
northern lakes and waters of the upper branches
of the Mississippi.  The grain  resembles oats.
Tt furnishes the northern savages and the Cana-
dian traders and hunters with their annual  sup-
plies of grain.  Zt^avtov was the ancient name of
some wild grain.
  ZIZYPHUM, Jujube.
  ZIZYPHUS JUJUBA, see Jujube—z. Nitida,
see  Jujube.
  Zizyphus GSnop'lia, Z. ATapeca;  Ord. Rham-
nacese;  common  all  over India.  The  fruit is
eaten by the  natives.   It is of  a pleasant  acid
taste.  A decoction of the bark of the fresh root
is used to promote the healing of fresh wounds.
  Zizyphus Sativa, see Jujube — z. Sylvestris,
see  Jujube.
  ZOA'GRIA, from  £0117,  'life,' and  aypeta,  'I
catch up.'  The saving  and  preservation of  life.
Zoosis.   A reward for preserving life; Sostrum.
A votive offering hung up in the temples for a life
saved.
  ZOANTHRO'PIA, Melancholia zo'dnthro'pia,
from  £uioi/, 'an animal,' and uv&i,wiroc, 'a  man.'
A species  of monomania, in which the patient
believes  himself  transformed into an  animal.
Lycanthropia and Cynanthropia belong to  this
species of monomania.
  ZOARA, Insomnia.
  ZOE. Life.
  ZOGRAPHIA, Zoographia.
  ZOIATRIA, Veterinary art. 
ZOIATRUa
991           ZYGOMATIQUE
  ZOIATRUS, Hippiater.
  ZOMIDIUM, Jus.
  ZO.MOS,  Consommi, Jus.
  ZONA, Herpes zoster — z. Castitatis, Hymen
— z. Ciliaris, Ciliary zone — z. Ignea, Herpes
zoster.
  Zona Pellu'cida,  Oolem'ma pellu'cidum, Vil
el/ary membrane, Chorion  (of some), (F.)  Vitel-
line, Jlembrane  vitelline.  The membrane that
surrounds the yolk in the mammalia is so  called
on account of its  thickness and peculiar  trans-
parency.
  Zona Serpiginosa, Herpes zoster.
  Zona  Tendino'sa.  The whitish circle around
the auriculo-ventricular orifice  of the right side
of the heart.
  Zona  Virginitatis, Hymen.
  ZONE, Cingulum.
  ZONULA  CILIARIS, see Ciliary, and Ciliary
zone—z. Cochlea?, see Lamina spiralis — z. Hil-
dani, Cingulum  llildani — z. Zinnii, see Ciliary
zone.
  ZOOBIOLOGIA, see Physiology.
  ZOOCHEMIA, Chymistry, animal.
   ZOOCHEM'ICAL, Zoochym'ical, Zoiichem'tcus,
ZoocliymIcus.  Appertaining or having relation
to animal chymistry.
  ZOOCHE.MY, Chymistry, animal.
  ZOOCHYMY, Chymistry, animal.
  ZOOGENIUM,  Azote.
   ZOO(j"E~NY, Zoiigeilia, Zo'dgen'esis, from faov,
 'animal,'and yeveois, 'generation.'   The doctrine
 of  animal formation.
   ZOOG'RAPHY, Zoogra'phia, Zogra'phia, from
 foov, and ypaiPn, 'a description.'  A description
 of animals.   The natural history of animals.
   ZOOlIEMATTNE, Haematine.
   ZOOlIY'LAS, from {woi/,  and '11X17,  'matter.'
 Animal  matter.
   ZOOHY'LICA  CONCREMEN'TA.  Concre-
 tions formed of  animal matter.
   ZOOIASIS, Veterinary art.
   ZO'OID, Zooldcs, Zoii'des; from $oiov, 'ani-
 mal,' and  ethos,  'resemblance.'  Resembling  or
 belonging  to an animal.  Every living cell may
 be regarded  as a Zooid.
   ZOOL'OGIST,  Zocrlogis'ta, ZobTogue, from
 (woy, and \oyoc,  ' description.'  One skilled in the
 natural  history  of animals.
   ZOOL'OGY, Zoolog'la.  Same  etymon.  The
 natural  history  of animals.
   ZOOMAGNETISMUS, Magnetism, animal.
   ZOOMYCUS, Mucus.
   ZOOMYXA,  Mucus.
   ZOON,  Animal.
    ZOO'SOM'IA,Orgatiozo'dnom'ia,Zoiin'omyArom
 fan, and  vouos, 'law.'  The laws  which  govern
 the organic  actions  of animals in general -.—Ani-
 mal Physiology, Zoophysiolog"la.
   ZOONOSOLOG"IA, from  {\uiov, votrot,  'a dis-
 ease,' nnd Uyoc,  'a description.'   Tbe nosology
 of animals.
   ZOOPATHOLOG'TA,  from &ov, ™6ot, 'a dis-
 ease,' and \oy0i, ' a description.'   Tho  pathology
 of animals.                             .,
    ZOOPH'AGOUS. Zooph'agus,  (F.) Zoophage,
 from {».», and «„yu,, ' I eat.'  Feeding  on  ani-
 mals.   Carnivorous.
   ZOOPHTHALMUS, Hydrophthalmia.
    ZOOPHYSIOLOGIA, Physiology, animal, Zo-
 onomia.                               . .  ,
    70'OPHYTE, Zoopllytum, Phytaza on, Animal

 plant, trou*  {««,  ™* **™> 'a ^nt"  A ^
given to the lowest class of animals, which seem to
form the transition between the animal and  the
vegetable kingdoms.
  ZOOS IS, Animation, Zoagria.
  ZOOS PERM ATA, Spermatozoa.
  ZOOSPERMES, Spermatozoa.
  ZOOTHAP'SIS, from £01-7, 'life,' and Oanroi, 'I
inter.'   Burial alive.  Premature interment.
  ZOOT'OMIST, Zootom'icus.   Same  etymon as
the next.  One who dissects animals.
  ZOOT'OMY, Zootom'ia, from faov, and re/ivta,
'I  cut.'  Anatom'ia anima'lis  seu comparutlva
seu compara'ta, Theriot'omy,  Compar'ative Ana-
tomy.  The  anatomy of animals.  Animal  ana-
tomy.
  ZOPISSA, see Pinus sylvestris.
  ZOPYRON, Fomites.
  ZOSTER, Herpes zoster.
  ZOSTERA  MARINA, Pila marina— z. Mari-
tima, Pila marina.
  ZOSTERE, Pila marina.
  ZOUZINETTE, Narcissus pseudonarcissus.
  ZOZAR,  Saccharum.
  ZUCARO, Saccharum.
  ZUCCARUM, Saccharum.
  ZUCHAR. Saccharum.
  ZUCHARUM, Saccharum.
  ZUCHRA, Saccharum.
  ZULAPIUM, Julep.
   ZYGAPOPHYSES, see Vertebrae.
   ZYGOMA, Mate os.
  ZYGOMAT'IC, Zygomat'icns, Juga'lis, Jugal,
 (F.)  Zygomatique.  That which  relates to  the
 zygoma or cheek-bone.
   Zygomatic Arch, see Zygomatic  process — z.
 Bone, Malaa os.
   Zygomatic Fossa is the space included between
 the posterior margin of the outer ala of the pte-
 rygoid process,  and  the  crista which descends
 from the malar tuberosity to the superior alveolar
 margin.
    Zygomatic Muscles are two in number.  1.
 Zi/gomat'icus major,  Distort'or Oris, (F.) Zygo-
 mato-labial (Ch.),  Jfusdc  grand  zygomatique,
 which  is situate obliquely at  the fore-part and
 sides ofthe face.  It is a small, rounded muscle;
 arises from the outer surface of the os malae, and
 is  inserted at the commissure of the lips, which it
 raises  and  draws outwards.  It acts  principally
 in laughing.   2. Zygomat'icns minor, (F.) Petit
 Zygomalo-labiul, (Ch \, Petit Zygomatique,  does
 not always exist.  It is situate on the inner side
 ofthe  last; arises from the outer surface of tbe
 os malae, and  is inserted at the corner of the
 mouth, or rather into the upper lip, which it raises
 and draws  outwards.
    Zygomatic  Process, Proces'sus  zygomat'icns,
 Apoph'ysis Zygomalica, Jlalar or Jugal process,
 (F.) Apophyse Zygomatique, arises from the outer
 surface of the temporal bone by two roots, one of
 which is transverse, (Condyle du temporal,  Ch.,)
 and the other longitudinal:  between  them  is the
 glenoid  cavity.  The  process passes forwards,
 and is articulated with the posterior angle of the
 os mala?, with which  it forms a  bony bridge,
 called the  Zygomatic arch, Arcus seu Pons zygo-
 mat'icns, (F.) Arcade Zygomatique.   The cavity,
 beneath this bridge, is sometimes called Zygo'ma.
    Zygomatic Suture is placed between the zy-
 gomatic parts of the temporal  and  cheek bones;
 and slants obliquely downwards  and backwards.
    ZYGOJIATIQUE,  Zygomatic—z. Grand,
 Zygomaticus   major — z.   Petit,  Zygomatics
 minor. 
ZYGOMATO-LABIAL       992               ZYTHUS
  ZYGOJIATO-LABIAL, Zygomaticus  major
■—z. Labial, petit, Zygomaticus  major—z. Jlaxil-
laire, Masseter—z. Oriculaire, Anterior auris.
  ZYGOPHYL'LTIM  FABA'GO, (F.) Fabagelle.
Ord. Zygophyllaceae.  A Syrian and Mauritanic
plant, possessed of an acrid and bitter taste.  It
has  vermifuge  properties.  The Arabs  believe
that the recently expressed juice of Zygophyllum
simplex, is capable of removing specks from the
cornea.
  ZYMA, Ferment.
  ZYMOMA, Ferment.
  ZYMOSIS, Fermentation, see Zymotic.
  ZYMOT'lC, Zymotlcns, (F.) Zymotique, from
fu/jow, ' to ferment.'  Relating or appertaining to
fermentation.  A zymotic disease is any epidemic,
endemic, contagious or sporadic affection, which
is produced by some morbific principle acting on
the organism similar to a ferment—as the major
exanthemata, pyohaemia, Ac.  Zymoses has been
used by some to signify such affections.
  ZYTHOGALA, Posset.
  ZYTHUM, Cerevisia.
  ZYTHUS, Cerevisia.
THE  END. 
               BLANCHARD  & LEA'S
MEDICAL  AID  SURGICAL  PUBLICATIONS.
                   TO THE  MEDICAL PROFESSION.
  In the present catalogue we have affixed prices to our publications, in obedience
to the repeated  requests of numerous members  of the profession.   While books,
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gratifying confidence hitherto manifested by  the profession in all works bearing  our
imprint.
                                                BLANCHARD & LEA.
 Phil\delphia, January, 1858.

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  It will thus be seen that for the small sum of FIVE  DOLLARS, paid in advance, the subscriber
will obtain a Quarterly and a Monthly periodical,

           EMBRACING  NEARLY  SIXTEEN HUNDRED  LARGE OCTAVO PAGES,
mailed to any part of the United States, free of postage.
  These very favorable terms are now presented by the publishers with the view of removing all
difficulties and objections to a full and extended circulation of the Medical Journal to the office of
every member ofthe profession throughout the United States.  The rapid extension of mail facili-
ties will  now place  the numbers before subscribers with a certainty and dispatch not heretofore
attainable; while by the system now proposed, every subscriber throughout the Union  is placed
upon an equal footing, at the very  reasonable price of Five Dollars for two periodicals, without
further expense.
  Those subscribers who do not pay in advance will bear in mind that their subscription of Five
Dollars will entitle them to the Journal only, without the News, and that they will be at Ihe expense
of their own postage on the receipt of each number. The advantage of a remittance when order-
ing the Journal will thus be apparent.
  As the Medical News and Library is in no case sent without advance payment, its subscribers
will always receive  it free of postage.
  Remittances of subscriptions can be mailed at our risk, when a certificate is taken from the Post-
roaster that the money is duly inclosed and forwarded.
                                  Address      BLANCHARD & LEA, Philadelphia. 
AND SCIENTIFIC  PUBLICATIONS.                    3
                              ALLEN  (J.  M.),  M. D.,
                  Professor of Anatomy in the Pennsylvania Medical College, &.C.

TSnnEll«£TIUAL  ANATOMISTj or, The  Student's Guide  in the Dissectin-
        *., <^Tlth ?fj0 lllusitrations.  In one handsome royal 12mo. volume, of over 600 pages, lea-
        $2 25.   (Just Issued.)
ther.
  In the arrangement of this work, the author has endeavored to present a complete and thorough
course of dissections in a clearer and more available form for practical use, than has as yet been
accomplished.   The chapters follow  each other in the order in which dissections are usually con-
ducted in this country,  and as i-ach region is taken up, every detail regarding it is fully described
and illustrated, so that the student is  not interrupted in his labors, by the necessity of referring from
one portion of the volume to another.
  However  valuable  may  be  the " Dissector's
Guides" which we, of lute, have  had occasion to
notice, we feel confident that the work of Dr. Allen
is superior to any of them.  We believe with the
author, that none is bo fully illustrated as this, and
the arrangement of the work is such as to facilitate
the labors of the  student in acquiring a thorough
practical knowledge of Anatomy.  We most cordi-
ally recommend it to their attention.—Western Lan-
cet, Dec. ls.jti.
  We believe it to be one  of the most useful works
upon the  subject  ever written. It is handsomely
illustrated, well printed, and will  be found of con-
venient size for use  in the dissecting-room.—Med.
Examiner, Dec. 1850.
    From Prof. J. S. Davis, University of Va.

  I am not acquainted with any work that attains so
fully the object which it proposes.

From C. P. Fanner, M.  D., Demonstrator, Uni-
             versity of Michigan.

  I  have examined the work briefly, but even this
examination has convinced me that it is an excellent
guide for the Dissector.  Its illustrations are beau-
tiful, and more than I have seen in a work of this
kind. I shall take great pleasure in recommending
it to my classes as the text-book of the dissecting-
room.
                         ANALYTICAL  COMPENDIUM
OF  MEDICAL SCIENCE,  containing Anatomy, Physiology, Surgery, Midwifery,
  Chemistry, Materia Medica, Therapeutics, and Practice of Medicine.  By John Neill, M. D.,
  and F. G. Smith, M. D.  New and enlarged edition, one thick volume royal 12mo. of over
  1000 pages, with 374 illustrations.  BF See Neill, p. 24.
               ABEL (F.  A.),  F. C. S.  AND  C.  L.  BLOXAM.

HANDBOOK  OF  CHEMISTRY,  Theoretical,  Practical, and Technical; with a
  Recommendatory  Preface by Dr. Hofmann.  In one large octavo volume, extra cloth, of 602
  pages, with illustrations.  $3 25.

                         ASHWELL   (SAMUEL),  M.  D.,
                   Obstetric Physician and Lecturer to Guy's Hospital, London.

A PRACTICAL TREATISE ON THE  DISEASES PECULIAR TO WOMEN.
  Illustrated by Cases derived from Hospital and Private Practice.  Third American, from the Third
  and revised London edition.  In one octavo volume, extra cloth, of 528 pages. $3 00.
  The most useful practical work on the subject in
the English language. — Boston Med.  and Surg.
Journal.
  The most able, and certainly the most standard
and practical, work on female diseases that we have
yet seen.—Medico-Chirurgical Review.
                            ARNOTT  (NEILL),  M. D.
ELEMENTS  OF  PHYSICS;  or  Natural  Philosophy, General and Medical.
  Written for universal use, in plain or non-technical language.  A new edition, by Isaac Hays,
  M. D.  Complete in one octavo volume, leather, of 484 pages, with about two hundred illustra-
  tions.   $2 50.                    __________________

                        BUDD (GEORGE),  M. D., F. R. S.,
                      Professor of Medicine in King's College, London.

ON DISEASES  OF THE  LIVER.    Third   American,  frora  the third and
  enlarged London edition.  In one very handsome octavo volume, extra cloth, with four beauti-
  fully colored plates, and numerous wood-cuts.  pp. 500.  $3  00.  (Noto Ready.}
  Has fairly established for itself a place among the  is not perceptibly changed, the  history of liver dis
classical medical  literature of Eng land.—British
and Foreign MeiJico-Chir. Review. .Inly, lbo/.
  Dr. Budd's Treatise on Diseases of the  Liyer is
now a standard work in Medical literature  and dur-
ing  the intervals wh.ch have elapsed between the
successive editions, the author has incorporated into
the text the most st'riking novelties which have cha-
racterized the recent progress oi hepatic physiology
and pathology; so that although the size ofthe book

                                   BY THE SAME AUTHOR.

ON" THE  ORGANIC DISEASES  AND  FUNCTIONAL DISORDERS  OF
  THE  STOMACH. In one neat octavo volume, extra cloth.  51 50.
eases is made more complete, and is kept upon a level
with the progress of modern science.   It is the best
work on Diseases  of the Lnver in any language.—
London Med. Times and Gazette, Jane 27, 1-J57.
  This work, now the standard book of reference on
the diseases of which it treats, has been  carefully
revised, and many new illustrations of the views Jf
the learned author  added in the present edition.—
Dublin Quart, rlij Journal, Aug. 1S57.
needle
■ultedwithgr 
4
BLANCHARD  & LEA'S  MEDICAL
                           BROWN  (ISAAC  BAKER),
                       Surgeon-Accoucheur to St. Mary's Hospital, tec.

ON SOME DISEASES OF WOMEN ADMITTING OF SURGICAL TREAT-
  MENT.  With handsome illustrations.   One vol. 8vo., extra cloth.   $160.
  Mr. Brown has earned for himself a high reputa- '
tion in the operative treatment of sundry diseases
and injuries to which females are peculiarly subject.
We can truly say of his work that it is an important
addition  to obstetrical literature. The operative
suggestions and contrivances which Mr. Brown de-
scribes, exhibit much practical sagacity  and skill,
BLAKISTON'S PRACTICAL OBSERVATIONS
  ON  CERTAIN  DISEASES OF THE CHEST,
  and on the Principles of Auscultation. In one vol.,
  cloth, 8vo  pp. 3»4.  $1 25.
BURROWS  ON DISORDERS OF THE CERE-
  BRAL CIRCULATION,  and on the Connection
  between the Affections of  the Brain and Diseases
  of the Heart.  In one 8vo. vol., extra cloth, with
  colored plates,  pp. 216. $1  '25.
BEALE ON  THE LAWS  OF HEALTH IN RE-
  LATION TO MIND AND BODY.  A Series of
  Letters from an old Practitioner to a Patient.  In
  one volume, royal 12mo., extra cloth,   pp. 296.
  80 cents.
BUSHNAN'S PHYSIOLOGY OF ANIMAL AND
and merit the careful attention of every surgeon-
accoucheur.—Association Journal.

  We have no hesitation in recommending this book
to the careful attention of all  surgeons who mnke
female complaints a part of their study and practice.
—Dublin Quarterly Journal.
  VEGETABLE LIFE; a Popular Treatise on the
  Functions and Phenomena of Organic Life.  In
  one handsome royal  12mo. volume, extra cloth,
  with over 100 illustrations,  pp. "234.  80 cents.
BUCKLER ON THE ETIOLOGY, PATHOLOGY.
  AND TREATMENT  OF  FIBRO-BRONCHI-
  TIS AND  RHEUMATIC  PNEUMONIA.   In
  one 8vo. volume, extra cloth,  pp. 150. $1 25.
BLOOD AND  URINE (MANUALS ON).  BY
  JOHN  WILLIAM  GRIFFITH,  G.  OWEN
  REESE, AND  ALFRED MARKWICK.  One
  thick volume, royal  12mo., extra cloth, with
  plates, pp. 460. $1  25.
BRODIE'S CLINICAL LECTURES ON SUR-
  GERY.  1 vol. 8vo., cloth.  350 pp.  $125.
                BENNETT  (J.  HUGHES),  M.D.,  F. R. S.  E.,
               Professor of Clinical Medicine in the University of Edinburgh, fee.

THE  PATHOLOGY AND  TREATMENT  OF  PULMONARY TUBERCU-
  LOSIS, and on the Local Medication of Pharyngeal and Laryngeal Diseases frequently mistaken
  for or associated with, Phthisis.   In one handsome octavo  volume, extra cloth, with beautiful
  wood-cuts.  pp. 130.  fl 25.



                           BENNETT  (HENRY), M. D.
A PRACTICAL  TREATISE  ON  INFLAMMATION OF  THE UTERUS,
  ITS  CERVIX AND  APPENDAGES, and on its connection with  Uterine Disease.  Fourth
  American, from the third and revised London edition.  To which is added (July, 185G), a IJ i:\iew
  of the Present State of Uterine Pathology.  In one neat octavo volume, extra cloth, of
  500 pages, with wood-cuts.  $2 00.
  The  addition of the "Review" presents the most  recent aspects of the questions discussed in
this well-known work, bringing it down to the latest moment.
  This edition has been carefully revised and altered, \  When, a few years back, the first edition  of the
and various additions have been made, which render i present work was published, the subject was one al-
it more complete, and, if possible, more worthy of  most entirely  unknown to the obstetrical celebrities
the high appreciation  in which it is held by the' of  the day; and even now we have reason to know
mediciil profession throughout the world.   A  copy j that the bulk of the profession are not fully alive to
should  be in the possession of every physician.—  the importance and frequency of the disease of which
Charleston Med. Journal  and Review.           j it takes cognizance.  The present edition is so much
  We are firmly of opinion  that in proportion as a \ enlarged altered, and improved, that it  can scarcely
knowledge of uterine diseases becomes more appre-  be considered the same work.—Dr. Banking's Ab-
ciated,  this work will be proportionably established , stract-
as a text-book in the profession.—The Lancet.

                                ALSO, FOR SALE SEPARATE,

A REVIEW OF THE  PRESENT  STATE OF  UTERINE PATHOLOGY.
  1 small vol. 8vo.   50 cents.
                      BIRD  (GOLDING),  A. M., M. D., &.C.

URINARY   DEPOSITS:   THEIR   DIAGNOSIS,  PATHOLOGY,   AND
  THERAPEUTICAL INDICATIONS.  A new and enlarged American, from the last improved
  London edition.  With over sixty illustrations.  In one royal 12mo. vol, extra cloth,  pp.372. $130.
  It can scarcely be necessary for us to say anything
of the merits of this well-known Treatise, which so
admirably brings into practical application the re-
sults of those microscopical and chemical researches
regarding the physiology and pathology of the uri-
nary secretion, which have contributed so much to
the  increase of our diagnostic powers, and to the
extension and satisfactory employment of our thera-
peutic resources.  In the preparation of this new
edition of his work, it is obvious that Dr. Golding
Bird has spared no pains to render it a faithful repre-
sentation of the present state of scientific knowledge
on the subject it embraces.— The British and Foreign
Medico-Chirurgical Review.
BY THE SAME AUTHOR.
ELEMENTS OF NATURAL PHILOSOPHY; being an Experimental  Intro-
  duction to the Physical Sciences.  Illustrated with nearly four  hundred wood-cuts.  From the
  third London edition.  In one neat volume, royal 12mo., extra cloth,   pp.402.  $125. 
AND SCIENTIFIC  PUBLICATIONS.
                             BARCLAY (A. W.)  M.D.,
                        Assistant Physician to St. George's Hospital, &c.
A MANUAL  OF  MEDICAL  DIAGNOSIS;  being au  Analysis of the Sisns
  and Symptoms of Disease.   In one neat octavo volume, extra cloth, of about 400 pages.  (Now
  Ready.)

  Both students and practitioners have long felt the want of a work devoted exclusively to the  ex-
position of  the details of Diagnosis  Such a volume, properly executed, cannot fail to prove an
invaluable assistant in the exigencies of daily practice, furnishing the information desired at  the
moment, in the form required, aiding to solve difficulties, and to discriminate in doubtful cases, and
supplying suggestions which may be of important service both to practitioner and patient.   Mere
bed-side experience requires so many years to furnish the  knowledge requisite to safe and rapid
diagnosis, that  the assistance furnished by  a treatise  like the present, embodying the results,
methodically arranged, of ten  years service as  registrar ina large metropolitan hospital, during
which more than twelve thousand cases were carefully  analyzed and recorded by the author, can-
not but prove ofthe most important  character in lightening  the labors and responsibility ofthe phy-
sician.
                         BARLOW (GEORGE  H.), M.D.
                          Physician to Guy's Hospital, London, &c.
A MANUAL OF THE  PRACTICE OF MEDICINE.   With Additions by  D.
  F. Condie, M. D., author of" A Practical Treatise on Diseases of Children," &c.  In one hand-
  some octavo volume, leather, of over bOO pages.  (A new work, just issued, 1856.)  $2 75.
  We recommend Dr. Barlow's Manual in the warm-
est manner as a most valuable  vade-mecum.  We
have had frequent  occasion to consult it, and have
found it clear, concise, practical, and sound.  It is
emin«ntly a practical work, containing all that is
essential, and avoiding  useless  theoretical discus-
gion.  Tlit- work supplies what has been for some
time wanting, a manual of practice based upon mo-
dern discoveries in pathology and rational views of
treatment of disease. It is especially intended for
the  use of students and junior practitioners, but it
will be found hardly less useful to the experienced
physician.  The American editor has added to the
work three chapters—on Cholera Infantum, Yellow
Fever, and Cerebro-spinal Meningitis.  These addi-
tions,  the two first of whicli are indispensable to a
work on practice destined for the profession in this
country, are executed with great judgment and fi-
delity, by Dr. Condie, who has also succeeded hap-
pily in imitating the conciseness and clearness of
style which are such agreeable characteristics of
the original book.—Boston Med. and Surg. Journal.
                           BARTLETT  (ELISHA), M. D.
THE  HISTORY,  DIAGNOSIS,  AND  TREATMENT  OF  THE  FEVERS
  OF THE UNITED STATES.  A new and revised edition.  By Alonzo Clark, M. D., Prof.
  of Pathology and Practical Medicine in the N. Y. College of Physicians and  Surgeons, &c.  In
  one octavo volume, of six hundred pages, extra cloth. (Now Ready.)  Price $3 00.
                                               jfy. His annotations add much to the interest of
                                             the work, and have brought it well up to the condi-
  It is the beet work on fevers which has emanated
from the American press  and the present editor has
carefully availed himself of all  information exist-
ing upon the subject in the Old and New World, so
that tlte doctrines advanced are brought down to the
latest  date in  the progress of  this department of
Medical Science.—London Med. Times and Gazette,
May 2, It-m.
  This excellent monograph on  febrile  disease, has
stood deservedly high since its first publication.  It
will be seen that it has now reached its fourth edi-
tion under the supervision of Prof. A. Clark, a gen-
tleman who, from the nature of his studies and pur-
suits,  is well calculated  to appreciate  and discuss
the many intricate and difficult questions in patho-
tion of the science as it exists at the present day
in regard to this class of diseases.—Southern Med.
and Surg. Journal, Mar. 1S.37.
  It is a work of great practical value and interest,
containing much that is new relative to the several
diseases of which it treats, and, with the additions
of the editor, is fully up to the times.  The distinct-
ive features of the different forms of fever are plainly
and forcibly portrayed, and the lines of demarcation
carefully and accurately drawn, and to the Ameri-
can practitioner is a  more valuable and safe guide
than any work on fever extant.—Ohio Med. and
Surg. Journal, May, lt57.
                           BOWMAN (JOHN E.),  M.D.
PRACTICAL  HANDBOOK  OF  MEDICAL  CHEMISTRY.   Second Ame-
  rican, from the third and revised English Edition.  In one neat volume, royal 12mo., extra cloth,
  with numerous illustrations,  pp.288.  $125.
                                  BY THE SAME AUTHOR.

INTRODUCTION  TO  PRACTICAL  CHEMISTRY,  INCLUDING  ANA-
  LYSIS   Second American, from the second and revised London edition.  With numerous illus-
  trations.  In one neat vol., royal 12mo., extra cloth,  pp. 350.  $1 25.

                           CURLING   (T.  B.),  F. R.S.,
             Surgeon to the London Hospital, President of the Hunterian Society, &c.

A PRACTICAL TREATISE ON DISEASES OF THE TESTIS, SPERMA-
  Tirrni! n  AND  SCROTUM.  Second American, from the second and enlarged English edi-
  ti     In one  handsome octavo volume, extra cloth, with numerous illustrations, pp. 420. (Just

  t     '     >d English edition, of which this is a reprint, the author, for want of space, omitted
  In the revisea   * mction-  By a more condensed style of printing, room has been found  in the
the Anatomica    re,a{n this  important portion without rendering the work inconvenientlv large.
present Y^111™     0f the former American editor have also been incorporated, and a number'of new
Some of tne    ■     ^   With these improvements, and the thorough revision which it has enjoved
illustrations "*".   a ..u - it wju be found fully worthy to retain the authoritative position  which
it hS -Sred wUhregard to this Cass of affections. 
6
BLANCHARD & LEA'S  MEDICAL
             CARPENTER (WILLIAM  B.), M.  D., F. R. S., &c,
           Examiner in Physiology and Comparative Anatomy in the University of London.

PRINCIPLES OF HUMAN  PHYSIOLOGY;  with their  chief applications  to
  Psychology, Pathology, Therapeutics, Hygiene, and Forensic Medicine. A new American, from
  the last and revised London edition.  With nearly three hundred illustrations.  Edited, with addi-
  tions, by Francis Gurney Smith, M. D., Professor ofthe Institutes of Medicine in the Pennsyl-
  vania Medical College, &c.  In one very large and beautiful octavo volume, of about nine hundred
  large pages, handsomely printed and strongly bound in leather, with raised bands.   (Just Issued,
  1S56.)  $4 25.
  In the preparation of this new edition, the author has spared no labor to render it, as heretofore,
a complete and lucid  exposition of the most  advanced  condition  of its important subject.  The
amount ofthe additions required to effect this object thoroughly, joined to the former large  size of
the volume, presenting objections arising from the unwieldy bulk of the work, he has omitted all
those portions  not bearing  directly upon Human  Physiology, designing  to incorporate them in
his forthcoming Treatise on General Physiology.  As  a full and accurate text-book on the Phy-
siology of Man, the work in its present condition therefore  presents even greater  claims upon
the student and physician than those which have heretofore won  for it the very wide and distin-
guished favor which it has so long enjoyed.  The additions of Prof. Smith  will be found to supply
whatever may have been wanting to the  American student, while the introduction  of many new
illustrations, and the most careful  mechanical execution, render the volume one  of the most  at-
tractive as yet issued.
  For upwards of thirteen years Dr. Carpenter's
work has been considered by the profession gene-
rally, both in this country and England, as the most
valuable compendium on the subject of physiology
in our language. This distinction it owes to the high
attainments and unwearied industry of its accom-
plished author.  The present edition (which, like the
last American one, was prepared by the author him-
self), is the result of such extensive revision, that it
may almost be considered a  new work.   We need
hardly say, in concluding this brief notice, that while
the work is indispensable to every student of medi-
cine in this country, it will amply repay the  practi-
tioner for its perusal by the interest and value of its
contents.—Boston Med. and Surg. Journal.

  This is a standard work—the text-book used by all
medical students who read the English language.
It has  passed  through several editions in order to
keep pace with the rapidly growing science of Phy-
siology.  Nothing need be said in its praise, for  its
merits  are universally known ; we have nothing to
say of its defects, for  they only appear  where the
science of which it treats is incomplete.—Western
Lancet.
  The most complete exposition of physiology which
any language  can at present give.—Brit, and For.
Med.-Chirurg. Review.

  The greatest, the most reliable, and the best book
on the subject which we know of in the English
language.—Stethoscope.
  To eulogize this great work would be superfluous
We should observe, however, that in this edition
the author has remodelled a large portion  of  the
former, and the editor has added much matter of in-
terest, especially in the form of illustrations.  We
may confidently recommend it. as the most complete
work on Human Physiology in  our language —
Southern Med. and Surg. Journal, December, lto5.
  The most  complete work on the science  in  our
language.—Am. Med. Journal,
  The most complete work now extant in our lan-
guage.—iV. O. Med. Register.
  The best text-book in the language on this  ex-
tensive subject.—London Med. Times.
  A complete cyclopaedia of this branch of science.
—JV. Y. Med. Times.
  The profession of this country, and perhaps also
of Europe, have anxiously and for some time awaited
the announcement of this new edition of Carpenter's
Human  Physiology.  His former editions have for
many years been almost the only text-book on Phy-
siology in all our medical schools, and its circula-
tion among the profession has been unsurpassed by
any work in any department of medical science.
  It is quite unnecessary for  us  to  speak  of  this
work as its merits  would justify.  The mere an-
nouncement of its appearance will afford the highest
pleasure to  every student of Physiology, while its
perusal  will be  of  infinite service  in  advancing
physiological science.—Ohio Med. and Surg. Journ.
                          BY the same author.  (Lately Issued.)

PRINCIPLES OF COMPARATIVE  PHYSIOLOGY.  New  American,  from
  the Fourth and Revised London edition.  In one large and handsome octavo volume, with over
  three hundred beautiful illustrations,  pp. 752.  Extra cloth, $4 80 ; leather, raised bands, $5 25.

  The delay which has existed in the appearance of this work has been caused by the very thorough
revision and remodelling which it has undergone at the hands of the author, and the large number
of new illustrations which have been prepared for it.  It will, therefore,  be  found  almost a new
work, and fully up to the day in every department of the subject, rendering it a reliable text-book
for all students engaged in this branch of science.   Every effort has been made to render its typo-
graphical finish and mechanical execution worthy of its exalted reputation, and creditable to the
mechanical arts of this country.
  This book should not only be read but thoroughly
studied by every member of the profession.  None
are too wise or old, to be benefited thereby.  But
especially to the younger class would we cordially
commend it as best fitted of any work in the English
language to qualify them for the reception and com-
prehension of those truths which are daily being de-
veloped in physiology.—Medical Counsellor.
  Without pretending to it, it is  an encyclopedia of
the subject, accurate and complete in all respects—
a truthful reflection of the advanced state at which
the science  has  now  arrived.—Dublin Quarterly
Journal of Medical Science.
  A truly magnificent work—in itself a perfect phy-
siological study.—Ranking's Abstract.
  This work stands without its fellow.  It is  one
few men in Europe could have undertaken; it is one
no man, we believe, could have brought to so suc-
cessful an issue as Dr. Carpenter.  It required for
its production a physiologist at once deeply read in
the labors of others, capable of taking  a general,
critical, and unprejudiced view of those labors, and
of combining the varied, heterogeneous materials at
his disposal, so as to  form an  harmonious whole.
We feel that this abstract can give the reader a very
imperfect idea of the fulness of this work, and  no
idea of its unity, of the admirable manner in which
material has been brought, from the most various
sources, to conduce to its completeness, of the lucid-
ity of the reasoning it contains, or of the clearness
of language in which the whole is clothed.  Not the
profession only, but the scientific world at  large,
must feel deeply indebted  to Dr. Carpenter for this
great work. It must, indeed, add  largely even to
his high reputation.—Medical Times. 
AND  SCIENTIFIC  PUBLICATIONS.
7
                CARPENTER (WILLIAM B.),  M.D., F.  R.S.,
          Examiner in Physiology and Comparative Anatomy in the University of London.

                                   (Just Issued, 1856.)

THE  MICROSCOPE  AND  ITS REVELATIONS.    With  an Appendix  con-
  taining the Applications of the Microscope to  Clinical Medicine. &rc.  By F. G. Smith, M  D
  Illustrated by lour hundred and thirty-four beautiful engravings on wood.  In one large and veir
  handsome octavo volume, of 724 pages, extra cloth, $4 00 ; leather, $4 50.
  Dr. Carpenter's position as a microscopist and physiologist, and his great experience as a teacher
eminently qualify him to produce what has  long been wanted—a good text-book on the practical
use of the microscope.   In the present volume his object  has been, as stated  in his Preface, " to
combine, within a moderate compass, that information with regard  lo the use of his 'tools,1 which
is most essential to the working microscopist, with Mich an account of the objecis best fitted for
his study, as might qualify him to comprehend what he observes, and might thus prepare  him to
benefit science, whilst expanding and refreshing his own mind "  That he has succeeded in  accom-
plishing this, no one acquainted with his previous labors can doubt.
  The great importance of the microscope  as a means of diagnosis, and the number of microseo-
pists who are also physicians, have induced  the American publishers, with the author's approval, to
add an Appendix, carefully prepared by Professor Smith, on the applications of the instrument to
clinical  medicine, togefher with an  account of American Microscopes, their modifications and
accessories.  This portion of the work is illustrated with nearly one hundred wood-cuts, and, it is
hoped, will adapt the volume more particularly to the u<e of the American student.
  Every care has been taken in the  mechanical execution  of the work,  which is confidently pre-
sented as in no respect inferior to the choicest productions of the London press.
  The mode in which the author has executed his  intentions may be gathered from the following
condensed synopsis of the
                                      CONTEXTS.

Introduction—History of the Microscope.  Chap. I.  Optical  Principles  of the  Microscope.
  Chap. II.  Construction of the Microscope.   Chap. III.  Accessory Apparatus.   Chap. IV.
  Management of the Microscope    Chap. V. Preparation, Mounting, and  Collection of Objects.
  Chap. VI. Microscopic Forms of Vegetable Life—Protophytes.   Chap. VII. Higher Crypioga-
  mia.  Chap. VIII. Phanerogamic Plants. Chap. IX. Microscopic Forms of Animal Life—Pro-
  tozoa—Animalcules.  Chap. X. Foraminifera, Polycystina, and Sponges.  Chap. XI. Zoophytes.
  Chap. XII. Echinodermata. Chap. XIII. Polyzoa and Compound Tunicata.  Chap.  XIV.
  Molluscous Animals Generally.  Chap. XV. Annulosa.   Chap. XVI.  Crustacea.  Chap. XVII.
  Insects and  Arachnida.  Chap. XVIII. Vertebrated Animals.  Chap. XIX.  Applications ofthe
   Microscope to Geology.   Chap. XX.  Inorganic or Mineral Kingdom—Polarization.   Appendix.
  Microscope as a means of Diagnosis—Injections—Microscopes of American Manufacture.

  Those who are acquainted with Dr. Carpenter's  I medical work, the additions by Prof. Smith give it
previous writings on Animal and Vegetable Physio-   a positive claim upon the profession, for which we
logy, willfully understand how vast a store of know-  ! doubt not he will  receive their sincere thanks.  In-
ledge he is able to bring to bear upon so comprehen-  I deed, we know not where  the student of medicine
. sive a subject as the revelations of the microscope;   will find such acomplete and satisfactory collection
and even those who have no previous acquaintance  I of microscopic facts bearing  upon physiolouy and
with the construction or uses of this instrument.
will find abundance of information conveyed in clear
and simple language.—Med.  Times and Gazette.
  Although originally not intended as  a  strictly
practical medicine as is contained in Prof. Smith's
appendix; and this of itself, it seems to us, is fully
worth the cost of the volume.—Louisville Medical
Review, Nov. lt'56.
                                 BY THE SAME  AUTHOR.

ELEMENTS  (OR MANUAL) OF  PHYSIOLOGY, INCLUDING  PHYSTO-
  LOG1CAL ANATOMY.  Second American, from  a  new and revised London edition.  With
  one hundred and ninety illustrations.  In one very handsome octavo volume, leather,   pp. 566.
  S3 00.
  In publishing the first edition of this work, its title was altered from that of the London  volume,
by the substitution ofthe word " Elements" for that of " Manual," and with the author's sanction
the title of " Elements" is still retained as being more expressive of the  scope of the treatise.
  To say that it is the best manual of Physiology
now before the public, would not do sufficient justice
to the author.—Buffalo Medical Journal.
  In his former works it would  seem  that he had
exhausted the subjectof Physiology. In the present,
he gives the essence, as it were, of the whole.—JV. Y
  Those who have occasion for an elementary trea-
tise on Physiology, cannot do better than to possess
themselves ofthe manual of Dr. Carpenter.—Medical
Examiner.
  Tlu- best and most complete expose of  modern
Physiology,  in one volume, extant in the English
Journal ofi Medicine.                          I language.—St. Louis Medical Journal.
                           BY THE SAME author.   (Preparing.)

PRINCIPLES  OF  GENERAL  PHYSIOLOGY,  INCLUDING  ORGANIC
  CHEMISTRY AND HISTOLOGY.  With a General Sketch of  the Vegetable and Animal
  Kino-dom.   In one large and very handsome octavo volume, with several hundred illustrations.
  The'stibject of general physiology having been omitted in the last editions ol the author's " Com-
parative rhvsioloo-v" and ''Human Physiolosrv," he has undertaken  to prepare a volume which
shall present'it more thoroughly and fully than has yet been attempted,  and which may be regarded
as an introduction to his other works.
                                  BY THE SAME AUTHOR.

A PRIZE ESSAY ON THE USE OF ALCOHOLIC LIQUORS IN  HEALTH
  AXD D1--E VSE   New edition, with a Preface by D. F. Condie,  M. D.,  and explanations of
  scientific words.  ' In one neat 12mo. volume, extra cloth,  pp. 178.   50 cents. 
s
BLANCHARD & LEA'S MEDICAL
                           CONDIE (D. F.),  M. D., &c.

A PRACTICAL TREATISE ON THE DISEASES OF CHILDREN.  Fourth
  edition, revised and augmented.  In one large volume, 8vo., leather, of nearly 750 pages. $3 00.

                              From the Author's Preface.
  The demand for  another edition has afforded  the author an opportunity of again subjecting the
entire treatise to a careful revision, and of incorporating in it every important observation recorded
since the appearance ofthe last edition, in reference to the pathology and therapeutics ofthe several
diseases of which it treats.
  In the preparation of the present edition, as in those which have preceded, while the author has
appropriated to his use every important fact that he has  found recorded in the works of others,
having a direct bearing upon either of the subjects of which he treats, and the numerous valuable
observations—pathological as well  as practical—dispersed throughout the pages of the medical
journals of Europe and America, he has, nevertheless, relied chiefly upon his own observations and
experience, acquired during a long and somewhat extensive practice, and under circumstances pe-
culiarly well adapted for the clinical study ofthe diseases of early life.
  Every species of hypothetical reasoning has, as much as possible, been avoided. The author has
endeavored throughout the work to confine himself to  a simple statement of well-ascertained patho-
logical facts,  and plain therapeutical directions—his  chief desire being to render it what its title
imports it to be, a practical treatise on the diseases of children.
                                               We feel assured from actual experience that no
                                             physician's library can be complete without a copy
                                             of this work.—N. Y. Journal ofi Medicine.
  Dr. Condie's scholarship, acumen, industry, and
practical sense are manifested in this, as in all his
numerous contributions to science.—Dr. Holmes's
Report to the American Medical Association.
  Taken as a whole, in our judgment, Dr. Condie's
Treatise  is the one from  the perusal of which the
practitioner in this country will rise with the great-
tbt satisfaction.—Western Journal of Medicine and
Surgery.
  One of the best works upon the Diseases of Chil-
dren in the English language.—Western Lancet.
  Perhaps the most full and complete work now be-
fore the profession ofthe United States; indeed, we
may say in the English language. It is vastly supe-
rior to most of its predecessors.—Transylvania Med.
Journal.
  A veritable psediatric encyclopaedia, and an honor
to American medical literature.—Ohio Medical and
Surgical Journal.

  We feel persuaded that the American medical pro-
fession will soon regard it not only as a very good,
but as the very best "Practical Treatise on the
Diseases of Children."—American Medical Journal.

  We pronounced  the first edition to be. the best
work  on  the diseases of children  in the English
language,  and, notwithstanding all that has been
published, we still regard it in that light.—Medical
Examiner.
            CHRISTISON  (ROBERT), M. D., V. P.  R. S. E.,  &c.

A DISPENSATORY; or, Commentary on the  Pharmacopoeias of Great Britain
  and the United States; comprising the Natural History, Description, Chemistry, Pharmacy, Ac-
  tions, Uses, and Doses of the Articles of the Materia Medica.  Second edition, revised and im-
  proved, with a Supplement containing the most important New Remedies.  With copious Addi-
  tions, and two hundred and thirteen large wood-engravings.  By R. Eglesfeld Griffith, M. D.
  In one very large and handsome octavo volume, leather, raised bands, of over 1000 pages. $3 50.
  It is not needful that we should compare it with
the other pharmacopoeias extant, which enjoy and
merit the confidence of the profession : it is enough
to say that it appears to us as perfect as a Dispensa-
tory, in the present state of pharmaceutical science,
could be made.  If it omits any details pertaining to
this branch of knowledge which the student has a
right to expect in such a work, we confess the omis-
sion has escaped our scrutiny. We cordially recom-
mend this work to such of our readers as are in need
of a Dispensatory.  They cannot make choice of a
better.— Western Journ. ofi Medicine and Surgery.
                        COOPER (BRANSBY BJ, F.  R. S.
LECTURES ON  THE  PRINCIPLES  AND  PRACTICE  OF  SURGERY.
  In one very large octavo volume, extra cloth, of 750 pages. $3  00.
COOPER  ON DISLOCATIONS AND  FRAC-
  TURES OF THE JOINTS—Edited by Bransbi
  B. Cooper, F.R.S., &c. With additional Ob-
  servations by Prof. J. C. Warren.  A new Ame-
  rican edition.  In one  handsome octavo volume,
  extra cloth, of about 500 pages, with numerous
  illustrations on wood.  §3 25.
COOPER ON THE ANATOMY AND DISEASES
  OF THE BREAST, with twenty-five Miscellane-
  ous and Surgical Papers.  One large volume, im-
  perial 8vo., extra cloth, with  252 figures, on 36
  plates.  $2 50.
COOPER  ON THE STRUCTURE AND DIS-
  EASES  OF THE  TESTIS,  AND  ON THE
  THYMUS  GLAND. One vol. imperial 8vo., ex-
  tra cloth, with 177 figures on 29 plates.  $2 00.
COPLAND ON THE CAUSES, NATURE, AND
  TREATMENT OF PALSY AND APOPLEXY.
  In one volume, royal 12mo., extra cloth, pp. 326.
  80 cents.

CLYMER ON FEVERS; THEIR DIAGNOSIS,
  PATHOLOGY, AND TREATMENT   In one
  octavo volume, leather, of 600 pages.  $1 50.

COLOMBAT DE L'ISERE ON THE DISEASES
  OF  FEMALES, and on the  special Hygiene of
  their Sex.  Translated, with many Notes and Ad-
  ditions, by C. D. Meigs, M. D.  Second edition,
  revised and improved.  In one large volume, oc-
  tavo, leather, with numerous wood-cuts. pp. 720.
  $3 50.
                           CARSON  (JOSEPH),  M. D.,
           Professor of Materia Medica and Pharmacy in the University of Pennsylvania.
SYNOPSIS OF THE COURSE OF  LECTURES ON  MATERIA  MEDICA
  AND PHARMACY, delivered in the University of Pennsylvania.  Second  and  revised  edi-
  tion.  In one very neat octavo volume, extra cloth, of 208 pages.   $1  50. 
AND  SCIENTIFIC  PUBLICATIONS.
CHURCHILL  (FLEETWOOD), M. D., M
  To bestow praise on a bookthat has received such
marked approbation would be superfluous. We need
only say, therefore, that  if the first edition was
thought worthy of a favorable reception by the
medical public, we can confidently affirm that this
will be found  much  more so.  The lecturer, the
practitioner, and the student, may all have recourse
to its pages, and derive from their perusal much in-
terest and instruction in everything relating to theo-
retical and practical midwifery.—Dublin Quarterly
Journal of Medical Science.

  A work of very great merit, and such as we can
confidently recommend to the study of every obste-
tric practitioner.—London Medical Gazette.

  This is certainly the most perfect system extant.
It is the best adapted for  the purposes of a text-
book, and that which he whose necessities confine
him to one book, should  select in preference to all
others.—Southern Medical  and Surgical Journal.

  The most popular work on midwifery ever issued
from the American press.—Charleston Med. Journal.

  Were we reduced to the necessity of having but
one work on midwifery, and permitted  to choose,
we would unhesitatingly take Churchill.—Western
Med. and Surg. Journal.
  It  is impossible to  conceive a more useful and
elegant manual than  Dr.  Churchill's Practice of
Midwifery.—Provincial Medical Journal.

  Certainly,  in our opinion, the very best  work on
the subject which exists.—N. Y. Annalist.
  No work holds a higher position, or is more de-
serving of being placed in the hands of the tyro,
the advanced student, or the practitioner.—Medical
Examiner.

  Previous editions, under the editorial supervision
of Prof  R. M. Huston, have  been received with
marked favor, and they deserved it;  but this, re-
printed from a very late  Dublin edition, carefully
revised and brought up by the author to the present
time, does present an unusually accurate and able
exposition of every important particular embraced
in the department of midwifery. * * The clearness,
directness, and precision of its teachings,  together
with the great amount of statistical research which
its text exhibits, have served to place it already in
the foremost rank of works in this department of re-
medial science.—JV. O. Med. and Surg. Journal.

  In our opinion, it forms one of the best if  not the
very best text-book and epitome of obstetric science
which  we at present  possess in the English  lan-
guage.— Monthly Journal of Medical Science.

  The clearness and precision of style in which it ia
written, and the great amount of statistical research
which it contains, have served to place it in the first
rank of works in this departmentof medical science.
— N. Y. Journal of Medicine.

  Few treatises will  be found better adapted as a
text-book for the student,  or as a manual  for the
frequent consultation of the young practitioner.—
American Medical Journal.
                            BY THE  SAME  author.  (Jttst Issued.)

ON THE  DISEASES  OF INFANTS  AND  CHILDREN.   Second  American
  Edition, revised and enlarged by the author. Edited, with Notes, by W. V. Keating, M. D.  In
  one large and handsome volume, extra cloth, of over 700 pages.   $3 00, or in leather, $3  25.
  In preparing this work  a second time for  the  American profession, the author has spared no
labor in giving it a very thorough revision, introducing several new chapters,  and  rewriting others,
while every portion of the volume has  been subjected  to a severe scrutiny.  The  efforts  of the
American editor have been  directed to supplying such  information relative to  matters  peculiar
to this country as might have escaped the attention of the author, and the  whole may,  there-
fore, be safely pronounced one of the most complete works on the  subject accessible to the Ame-
rican Profession.   By an  alteration in the size of the page, these  very extensive additions have
been accommodated without  unduly increasing the size of the work.
  A few notices of the former edition are subjoined :—
  AVe regard this votume as possessing more claims
 to completeness than any other of  the kind with
 which we are acquainted.  Most cordially and ear-
 nestly, therefore, do we commend it to our profession-
 al brethren, and we feel assured that the stamp of
 their approbation will in due time be impressed upon
 it.   After an attentive perusal of its contents, we
 hesitate not to say, that it is one of the most com-
 prehensive ever  written upon the diseases of chil-
 dren, and that, for copiousness of reference, extent of
 research, and perspicuity of detail, it is  scarcely to
 be equalled,  and not to be  excelled, in  any lan-
 guage.—Dublin Quarterly Journal.

  After  this meagre, and we know,  very imperfect
 notice of Dr. Churchill's work, we  shall  conclude
 by saying, that it is one that cannot fail from its co-
 piousness, extensive research, and general accuracy,
 to exalt still higher the reputation of the  author in
 this country.  The American reader will benarticu-
 larly pleased to find that Dr. Churchill has done full
justice throughout his work to the various A inerican
authors  on this  subject.  The  names of  Dewees,
Eberle Condie, and Stewart, occur on nearly every
page and these authors are constantly referred to by
  The present volume will sustain the reputation
acquired by the author from his previous works.
The reader will find in it full and judicious direc-
tions for the management of infants at birth, and a
compendious, but clear account of the diseases to
which children are liable, and the most successful
mode of treating them.  We must not close this no-
tice without calling attention to the author's style,
which is perspicuous and polished to a degree, we
regret to say, not generally characteristic of medical
works.  We recommend the work of Dr. Churchill
most cordially, both to students and practitioners,
as a valuable and  reliable guide in the treatment of
the  diseases of children.—Am. Journ. of the Med.
Sciences.

  AVe know of no work on this department of Prac-
tical Medicine which presents so candid and unpre-
judiced  a statement or posting up of our actual
knowledge as this.—N. Y. Journal of Medicine.

  Its claims to merit both as a scientific and practi-
cal  work, are of the highest order.   Whilst  we
would not elevate it above every other treatise on
the same subject, we certainly believe that very few
the author in terms ofthe highest praise, and with i are equal to it, and none superior.—Southern Med.
the most liberal courtesy.— The Medical Examiner. I and Surgical Journal.
BY THE SAME AUTHOR.
ESSAYS ON  THE PUERPERAL FEVER, AND OTHER DISEASES PE-
  CULIAR TO WOMEN.  Selected from the writings of British Authors previous to the close cf
  the Eighteenth Century.   In one neat octavo volume, extra cloth, of about 450 pages.   $2  50. 
10                     BLANCHARD &  LEA'S  MEDICAL
           CHURCHILL (FLEETWOOD),  M. D., M.  R. I. A.,  &c.

ON THE  DISEASES OF WOMEN;  including  those of Pregnancy and  Child-
  bed.  A new American edition, revised by the Am hor.  With Notes and Additions, by D Fran-
  cis Condie, M. D., author of "A Practical Treatise on the Diseases of Children."  With nume-
  rous illustrations.  In one large and handsome octavo volume, leather, of 70S pages.  (Now Ready,
  May, 1857.)  S3 00.
  This edition of Dr. Churchill's very popular treatise  may  almost be termed a new work, so
thoroughly has he revised  it in every porlion.   It will  be found greatly enlarged, and thoroughly
brought up to the most recent condition of the subject, while the very handsome series of ill u.-ira-
tions introduced, representing such pathological conditions as can be  accurately portrayed, present
a novel feature, and afford  valuable assistance  to  the young practitioner.  Such additions as ap-
peared desirable for the American student have  been  made  by the editor, Dr. Condie, while a
marked improvement in the mechanical execution keeps pace with the advance in all other respects
w^hich the volume has undergone, while the price  has been kept at the former very moderate rate.
A few notices of the former edition are subjoined :—
                                                 arity.  This  fifth edition, before us. is well calcu-
                                                 lated  to maintain Dr. Churchill's high  reputation,
                                                 It was  revised and  enlarged by the  author, for his
                                                 American publishers, and it. seems to us that there is
  We now regretfully take leave of Dr. Churchill's
book.  Had our typographical limits permitted, we
should gladly have borrowed  more from its richly
stored pages.  In  conclusion, we heartily recom-
mend it to the profession, and would at the same
time express our firm conviction that it will not only
add to the reputation of its author, but will prove a
work of great and extensive utility to obstetric
practitioners.—Dublin  Medical Press.

  Former editions of this work have been noticed in
previous numbers of the Journal. The sentiments of
high commendation expressed in those notices, have
only to be repeated in this; not from the fact that
the profession at  large are not aware of the high
merits which this work really possesses, but from a
desire to see the  principles and doctrines therein
contained more generally recognized, and more uni-
versally carried out in practice.—If. Y. Journal of
Medicine.

  We know of no author who deserves that appro-
bation, on "the diseases  of females," to the same
extent that Dr. Churchill does. His, indeed, is the
only thorough treatise we know of on the subject;
and it may be commended  to practitioners and stu-
dents as a masterpiece  in  its particular department.
The former editions of this work have been com-
mended strongly in this journal, and they have won
their way to an extended, and a well-deserved popu-
scarcely any species of desirable information on its
subjects that may not  be found in this work.—Th*
Western Journal of Medic trie and Surgery.

  We are gratified to announce a new and revised
edition of Dr. Churchill's valuable work on the dis-
eases of females   We have ever regarded it as one
of the very  best works on the subjects embraced
within its scope, in  the English language;  and the
present edition, enlarged and revised by the author,
renders it still more  entitled to the confidence of the
profession.   The valuable notes  of Prof. Huston
have been retained,  and contribute,  in no small de-
gree,  to enhance the  value of the work.   It is a
source of congratulation  that the publishers have
permitted the author to be, in  this instance, his
own editor,  thus securing all the  revision which
an author alone is capable of making.—The Western
Lancet.

  Asa comprehensive  manual for students, or a
work of reference for  practitioners, we only speak
with common justice when we say that it surpasses
any other that has  ever issued  on the same  sub-
ject from the British press.—The Dublin Quarterly
Journal.
                              DICKSON  (S.  H.),  M.  D.,
       Professor of Institutes and Practice of Medicine in the Medical College of South Carolina.

ELEMENTS  OF  MEDICINE;   a Compendious  View of  Pathology and  Thera-
  pentics, or the History and Treatment of Diseases.  In one large and handsome octavo volume,
  of 750 pages, leather   (Lately Issued.)   $3 75.
  As an American text-book on the Practice of Medicine for the student, and as a condensed work
of reference for the practitioner, this volume will have strong claims on the attention ofthe profession.
Few physicians have had wider opportunities than the author for observation and experience, and
few perhaps have used  them better.  As the result of a life of study and practice, therefore, the
present volume will doubtless be received with the welcome it deserves.
                                                  Prof. Dickson's work supplies, to a great extent,
                                                a desideratum long felt in American medicine.—N.
                                                0. Med. and Surg. Journal.
                                                  Estimating this work according to the purpose for
                                                which it is  designed, we must think highly of its
                                                merits, and we have no hesitation  in predicting for
                                                it a favorable reception by both student s and teachers.
                                                  Not professing to be a complete and comprehensive
                                                treatise, it will not be found full in  detail, nor filled
                                                with discussions of theories and opinions, but em-
                                                bracing all that is essential in theory  and practice,
                                                it is admirably adapted to the wants of the American
                                                student.  Avoiding all that is uncertain, it presents
                                                more clearly to the mind ofthe reader that which is
                                                established and verified by experience.  The varied
                                                and extensive reading of the author is conspicuously
                                                apparent, and all the recent improvements and dis-
                                                coveries in therapeutics and pathology are chroni-
                                                cled in its pages.—Charleston Med. Journal.
  This book is eminently what it professes to be;  a
 distinguished merit in  these days.  Designed for
 " Teachers and Students of Medicine," and admira-
 bly suited to their wants, we think it will be received,
 on its own merits, with a hearty welcome.—Boston
 Med. and Surg. Journal.
  Indited by one of the  most accomplished writers
 of our country, as well as by one who has long held
 a high position among teachers and practitioners of
 medicine, this work is  entitled  to patronage  and
 careful study.   The learned author has endeavored
 to condense in this volume most of the practical
 matter contained in his former productions, so as to
 adapt it to the  use of those who have not time to
 devote to more extensive works.—Southern Med. and
 Surg. Journal.
  We can strongly recommend Dr. Dickson's work
 to our readers as one of interest and practical utility,
 well deserving of a place in their libraries as a book
 of reference ; and we  especially commend the first
 part as presenting an admirable outline of the princi-
 ples of medicine.—Dublin Quarterly Journal, Feb.
 165G
  This volume,  while  as its title denotes it is  a
 compendious view, is also a comprehensive system
 of practice, perspicuously and pleasantly written,
 and admirably suited to engage the interest, and in-
struct the reader.—Peninsular Journal  of Midi fine,
Jan. Is56.
  In the first part of the work the subject of gene-
ral pathology is presented in outline, giving a biau-
tiful picture of  its distinguishing features, and
throughout the succciding chapters we find that  he
has kept scrupulously within the bounds of sound
reasoning and  legitimate deduction.    Upon  the
whole, we do not hesitate to pronounce it a superior
work in  its class, and that Dr.  Dickson merits a
place in the first rank of American writers.—Western
Lancet. 
AND  SCIENTIFIC  PUBLICATIONS.
11
ivttt? rmrvr^T.  T  DF^UITT (ROBERT),  M.R. C.S.,  &.C.
  AmertS  ^CI>P-S AND  PEAOTK'E  OF  MODERN  SURGERY.   Anew
  « Mo %r.Tv  " VmprT,n",<l Lond°n  edHi0n-  Edi,ed bv F" W- Sargent, M. D., author of
                           Illustrated with one hundred and  ninetv-three wood-engravin
one very handsomely printed octavo volume, leather, of 576 la
In
  Dr. Drum'si researches into the literature of his
suhject have  been not only extensive, but well di-
rected; the most discordant authors are fairly and
impartially quoted, and, while due credit is given
to each, their respective m.-riis are weighed with
an unprejudiced hand.  Tl><> s-r.-iin of wheal is pre-
served, and the chaff is unmercifully  stripped off
The arrangement is simple and  philosophical, and
the style, though clear and interesting, is soprecise,
that, (lie book  contains more information condensed
into a few words than any other surgical work with
which we  are acquainted.—London Medical Times
and Gazette.

  No work, in our  opinion, equals it in presenting
so much valuable  surgical matter in  so  small a
compass.—St. Louis Med. and Surgical Journal.

  Druitt's Surgery is too well known to the Ameri-
can medical profession to require its announcement
anywhere.  Probably no work of the kind has ever
been more cordially received and extensively circu-
lated than this. The fact that it comprehends in a
comparatively small compass, all the essential ele-
ments of theoretical and practical  Surgery—that it
is found to contain reliable and authentic informa-
tion on the nature and treatment of nearly all surgi-
cal affections—is a sufficient reason for the liberal
patronage it has obtained.  The editor, Dr. F. W.
Sargent, has contributed  much to enhance the value
of the work, by such American improvements as are
calculated more perfectly to adapt it  to our own
views and practice in this country.  It abounds
everywhere with spirited and life-like illustrations,
which to the  young surgeon, especially, are of no
minor consideration. Every medical man frequently
n< eds just such a work as this, for immediate refer-
ence in moments of sudden emergency, when he has
not time to consult more elaborate treatises.—The
Ohio Medical  and Surgical Journal.

  The author  has evidently ransacked every stand-
ard treatise of ancient and modern times, and all that
rge pages.   S3 00.
is really practically useful at the bedside will be
found in a form at once clear, distinct, and interest-
ing.— Edinburgh Monthly Medical Journal.

  Druitt's work, condensed, systematic, lucid, and
practical as it is, beyond most works on  Surgery
accessible to the American student, has had much
currency in  this country, and under its present au-
spices promises to  rise  to  yet higher favor.—The
Western Journal of Medicine and Surgery.

  The most accurate and ample resume of the pre-
sent state of Surgery that we are acquainted with.__
Dublin Medical Journal.

  A better book on the  principles and  practice  of
Surgery as now understood in England and America,
has not been given to the profession.—Boston Medi-
cal and Surgical Journal.

  An unsurpassable compendium, not only of Sur-
gical,  but of Medical Practice.—London  Medical
Gazette.
  This work merits our warmest commendations,
and we strongly recommend it to young surgeons as
an admirable digest  of the principles and practice of
modern Surgery.—Medical Gazette.

  It may be said with truth that the work of Mr.
Druitt affords  a complete,  though  brief and con-
densed view, of the  entire field of modern surgery.
We know of no work on the same subject having the
appearance of a manual, which  includes so many
topics of interest to the surgeon ; and the terse man-
ner in which each has been treated evinces a most
enviable quality of mind on the part of the author,
who seems to  have an innate power of searching
out and grasping the leading  facts  and features of
the most elaborate productions of the pen.  It is a
useful handbook for  the practitioner, and we should
deem a teacher of surgery unpardonable who did not
recommend it to his  pupils.  In our own opinion, it
is admirably adapted to the wants of the student.__
Provincial Medical and Surgical Journal.
           DUNGLISON, FORBES,  TWEEDIE,  AND  CONOLLY.
THE CYCLOPEDIA OF  PRACTICAL MEDICINE: comprising Treatises on
  the Nature and Treatment of Diseases, Materia Medica, and Therapeutics, Diseases of Women
  and Children, Medical Jurisprudence, Arc. &c.  In four large super-royal octavo volumes, of
  3254 double-columned pages, strongly and handsomely bound, with raised bands.  $12 00.
  *%* This work contains no less than four hundred and eighteen distinct treatises, contributed by
sixty-eight distinguished physicians, rendering it  a complete library of reference for the country
practitioner.
  The most complete work on Practical Medicine [ titioner.  This estimate of it has not been formed
extant; or, at least, in  our  language.— Bu,
Medical and Surgical Journal.
  For reference, it is above all price to every prac-
titioner.—Western Lancet.
  One of the most valuable medical publications of
the day—as a work of reference  it is invaluable.—
Western Journal of Medicine and Surgery.
  It has been to us, both  as learner and  teacher, a
work for ready and frequent reference, one in which
modern English medicine is exhibited in the  most
advantageous light.—Medical Examiner.

  We rejoice that this work is to be placed within
the reach of the profession in this country, it being
unquestionably one of very great value to the prac-
from a hasty examination, but after an intimate ac-
quaintance derived from frequent consultation of it
during the past nine or ten years.   The editors are
practitioners of established  reputation, and the list
of contributors embraces many of the most eminent
professors and teachers of London, Edinburgh, Dub-
lin, and Glasgow.  It is, indeed, the great merit of
this work that the principal  articles have been fur-
nished by practitioners who have not only devoted
especial attention to the diseases  about which  they
have written, but have also enjoyed opportunities
for an extensive practical acquaintance with them,
and whose reputation carries the assurance of their
competency  justly to appreciate the opinions of
others, while it stamps their own  doctrines with
high and just authority.—American Medical Journ.
DKWEF.S-S  COMPREHENSIVE SYSTEM  OF
  MIDWIFERY.  Illustrated by occasional cases
  and many engravings.  Twelfth edition, with the
  author's  last improvements and  corrections   In
  one octavo volume, extra cloth, of COO pages. S3 20.
ni.-Wl-r-V-s  TREATISE  ON  THE  PHYSICAL
  •VXD  MEDICAL TREATMEXT  OF CHILD-
  REN   Tenth edition.   In  one volume, octavo,
  extra elo111, 548 pages.  jW HI.
DEW I■■I'.S-S  TREATISE  OX  THE DISEASES
  OF r I-'. WALKS.  Tenth edition. In one volume,
  octavo, extra cloth, 532 pages, with pfates. SO 00.
I DANA OX ZOOPHYTES AXD CORALS   In one
I   volume, imperial quarto, extra cloth, with wood-
   cuts. iS 15 00.  Also, AX ATLAS, in one volume,
[   imperial folio, with sixty-one magnificent colored
   plates.   Bound in halt morocco.  §30 00.
| DE LA BECHE'S GEOLOGICAL  OBSERVER.
   In one very large and handsome octavo vol nine, ex-
   tra cloth, of 700 pages, with 300 wood-cuts  SI 00.
 FRICK OX REXAL AFFECTIONS; theirDiag-
   nosis and Pathology.   With illustrations.  One
i   volume, royal lJino., extra cloth.  To cents. 
12
BLANCHARD &  LEA'S MEDICAL
                         DUNGLISON  (ROBLEY),  M.D.,
          Professor of Institutes of Medicine in the Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia.

                NEW AND ENLARGED EDITION,  Now Ready.

MEDICAL  LEXICON;   a Dictionary of  Medical  Science,  containing  a concise
  Explanation ofthe various Subjects and Terms of Anatomy,  Physiology, Pathology, Hygiene,
  Therapeutics  Pharmacology, Pharmacy, Surgery, Obstetrics, Medical Jurisprudence, Dentistry,
  r\-c.  Notices of Climate and of Mineral Wafers; Formulae for  Officinal, Empirical, and Dietetic
  Preparations, &c.   With French and other Synonymes.  Fifteenth edition, revised nnd very
  greatly enlarged.   In one very large and handsome octavo volume, of'.192 double-columned pages,
  in small type; strongly bound in leather, with raised bands.  Price $4 00.
  No care, labor, or expense has been spared in the preparation of (his edition to render it in every
respect worthy a continuance of the  very  remarkable favor which  it has hitherto enjoyed.  The
rapid sale of Fifteen large  editions, and the constantly increasing demand, show that it is regarded
by the  profession as the standard authority.  Stimulated by  this fact, the aulhor has endeavored in
the present revision to introduce whalever  might be  necessary  to  render it a complete exposition of
Medical Terminology in the advanced condition of all the collateral sciences.  To accomplish this,
large additions have been found requisite, and the extent of the author's labors may be estimated
from the fact that about Six Thot'sand subjects and  terms have  been introduced  throughout, ren-
dering  the whole number of definitions about Sixty Thousand.  To accommodate these additions,
Ihe number of pages has been  increased by nearly a hundred,  notwithstanding an enlargement in
(he size ofthe page, and the author trusts that he has succeeded in the endeavor to render it a com-
plete and accurate lexicon, presenting clear and satisfactory definitions of all the terms which have
been legitimated in medical  science.  By the unanimous verdict of the medical press, bolh  in this
country and in England, the work has been pronounced indispensable to all medical students and
practitioners, and the ptesent improved edition will not lose that  enviable repulation.
  The  publishers have endeavored to render  the mechanical execution worthy of a volume of such
universal use in daily reference.  The greatest care has been exercised to obtain the typographical
accuracy so necessary in a work of the kind.   By the small but exceedingly clear type  employed,
an  immense amount of matter  is condensed in  its thousand ample pages, while  the binding will be
found strong and durable.   With all these improvements and enlargements, the price has been kept
at the former very moderate rate, placing it within the reach of all.
  We welcome it cordially; it isanadmirahle work,
and indispensable to all literary medical men.  The
labor which has been bestowed upon it is something
prodigious.  The work, however, has  now  been
done, and we are happy in  the thought that no hu-
man being will have again to undertake the same
gigantic task.  Revised and corrected from time to
time, Dr. Dunglison's " Medical Lexicon" will last
for centuries.—British and Foreign Med.-Chirurg.
Review.
  The fact that this excellent and learned work has
passed through eight editions, and that  a ninth is
rendered necessary by the  demands of the public,
affords a sufficient evidence of the general apprecia-
tion of Dr.  Dunglison's labors by the medical pro-
fession in England and America.   It is a book which
will be of great service to the student, in teaching
him the meaning of  all  the technical terms used in
medicine, and will be of no less use to the  practi-
tioner who desires to keep himself on a  level with
the advance of medical science.—London Medical
Times  and Gazette.
  In taking leave of our author, we feel compelled
to confess that his work bears evidence  of almost
incredible labor having been bestowed upon its com-
position.—Edinburgh Journal of Med. Science.
  A  miracle of labor and industry in one who has
written able and voluminous works on nearly every
branch of medical science.  There could be no more
useful  book to the student  or practitioner, in the
present advancing age, than one in which would be
found,  in addition to the ordinary meaningand deri-
vation  of medical terms—so many of which are of
modern introduction—concise descriptions of their
explanation and employment; and all this and much
more is contained in the volume before us.   It is
therefore almost as indispensable to the other learned
professions as to our own.  In fact, to all who may
have occasion to ascertain the meaning of any word
belonging to the many branches of medicine.   From
a careful examination ofthe present edition, we can
vouch for its accuracy, and  for its being brought
quite up to thedate of publication ; the author states
in his preface that he lias added to it about four thou-
sand terms, which are not to be found in the prece-
ding one. — Dublin  Quarterly Journal of Medical
Sciences.
  On the appearance  of the last edition of  this
valuable work, we  directed the attention  of our
readers  to  its peculiar  merits;  and we  need  do
little  more than state, in reference to the present
reissue, that, notwithstanding  the large additions
previously  made to it, no fewer  than four  thou-
sand terms, not to be found  in the preceding edi-
tion, are  contained  in  the  volume  before  us.—
Whilst it is a wonderful  monument of its  author's
erudition and industry, it is  also a work  of great
practical utility, as we can testify from our own
experience; for we keep it constantly within  our
reach,  and make very frequent  reference  to  it,
nearly always finding in it the information we seek.
—British and Foreign Med.-Chirurg. Review.

  It has the rare merit that it certainly has no rival
in the English  language for accuracy and extent
of references.  The  terms generally  include short
physiological  and pathological descriptions, so that,
as the author justly observes, the reader does not
possess  in this work a mere dictionary, but a book,
which, while it instructs him in medical etymo-
logy, furnishes  him with a large amount of useful
information.  The author's  labors have been pro-
perly appreciated by his own countrymen ; and we
can only confirm their judgment, by recommending
this most useful volume to the notice of our cisat-
lantic readers. No medical library will be complete
without it.—London Med. Gazette.

  It is certainly more complete and comprehensive
than any with  which we are acquainted in  the
English  language.  Few, in fact, could  be  found
better qualified than Dr. Dunglison for the produc-
tion of  such  a  work. Learned, industrious, per-
severing, and accurate, he brings to the  task  all
the peculiar  talents necessary  for its successful
performance;  while, at the same time, his  fami-
liarity with the writings of the ancient and modern
" masters of our art," renders him skilful to note
the exact usage of  the several terms of  science,
and the  various modifications which medical term-
inology  has undergone with the change of theo-
ries or the progress of improvement. — American
Journal ofthe Medical Sciences.
  One of the most complete and copious known to
the cultivators  of medical science.—Boston Med.
Journal.

  The most comprehensive and best English Dic-
tionary of medical terms extant.—Buffalo Medical
Journal.
BY THE SAME AUTHOR.
THE PRACTICE  OF  MEDICINE.   A Treatise on Special Pathology and The-
  rapeutics.  Third Edition.  In two large octavo volumes, leather, of 1,500 pages.   $6 25. 
AND SCIENTIFIC  PUBLICATIONS.
13
                         DUNGLISON  (ROBLEYI,  M.D.,
ttttat a «  ,,!?,' "flnstitui.s of Medicine in the Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia.
HUMAN  PHYSIOLOGY.   Eighth  edition.    Thoroughly revised  and  exten-
  sively modified and enlarged, with five hundred and thirty-two illustrations.  In two iarjre and
  handsomely printed octavo volumes, leather, of about 1500 pages.  (Just Issued, 1S56.)   $7 Ob.
  In revising this work for its eighth appearance, the author  has spared no labor to render it worthy
a continuance ofthe very great favor which has been extended  to it by the profession.  The whole
contents have been rearranged, and to a great extent remodelled ; the investigations which  of late
years have been so  numerous  and so important, have been carefully examined and incorporated,
and the work  in every respect has been brought up to a level with the present slate of the subject!
The object of  the author has been to render it a concise but  comprehensive treatise, containing the
whole body of physiological science, to which the student and man of science can  at all times  refer
with the certainty of finding whatever they are in search of, fully presented in all its aspects; and
on no former edition has the author bestowed more labor to secure this result.
  A similar improvement will be found in the typographical execution of the volumes, which, in
this respect, are superior to their predecessors.  A large number of additional wood-cuts have been
introduced, and  the series of illustrations has  been greatly  modified by the  substitution of many
new ones for such as  were not deemed satisfactory.  By an enlargement of the  page, these very
considerable additions have been accommodated without increasing  the size of the volumes to an
extent to render them  unwieldy.
                                                The best work of the kind in the English lan-
                                              guage.—Silliman's Journal.
                                                The present edition the author has made a perfect
                                              mirror of  the science as it is at the present  hour.
                                              As a work upon physiology proper, the science of
                                              the functions performed by the body, the student will
                                              find it all he wishes.—Nashville Journ. of Med.
                                              Sept. 1856.
                                                That he has succeeded, most admirably succeeded
                                              in his purpose, is apparent from  the appearance of
                                              an eighth edition.   It is now the great encyclopaedia
                                               on the subject, and worthy of a place in every phy-
                                               sician's library.— Western Lancet, Sept.  1656.
                           by  the same author.   (Now Ready.)
 GENERAL  THERAPEUTICS   AND  MATERIA  MEDICA;  adapted for a
   Medical Text-book.  With Indexes of Remedies and of Diseases and their Remedies.   Sixth
   Edition, revised and improved.  With one hundred and ninety-three illustrations.  In two large
   and handsomely printed octavo vols., leather,  of about 1100  pages.  $6 00.
                                 From the Author's Preface.
   " Another edition of this work being called for,  the author has subjected it to a thorough and careful
 revision. It has been gratifying to him that it has  been found so extensively useful by those for whom
 it was especially intended, as to require that asi-xth edition should be issued in so short atime after
 the publication of a fifth.  Grateful for the favorable reception  of ihe work by  the  profession, he has
 bestowed on the preparation of the present edition  all those cares which were  demanded by the
 former editions, and has spared no pains  to render  it a faithful epitome of General Therapeutics
 and Materia Medica.   The copious Indexes of Remedies and of Diseases and their Remedies can-
 not fail, the author conceives, to  add materially to the value of the work."
   This work is too widely and too favorably known to require more than the assurance that the
 author has revised it with his customary industry, introducing whatever has been found necessary
 to brino- it on a level with the most advanced condition ofthe subject.   The number ol illustrations
 has been somewhat enlarged, and the mechanical execution of the volumes will  be found  to have
 undergone a decided  improvement.
                         BY the same author.  (A new Edition.)
 NEW  REMEDIES, WITH FORMULAE FOR  THEIR PREPARATION AND
   ADMINISTRATION.  Seventh  edition, with extensive Additions.  In one very large octavo
   volume, leather, of 770 pages.  (Just Issued.)  $3 75.
   Another edition ofthe " New  Remedies" having been called for, the author has endeavored to
 add everything of moment that has appeared since the publication of the last edition.
    TnTchief remedial mears which have ob.amed a place, for the first time, m this volume, either
 owing to their having been recently  introduced into pharmacology, or to their having received novel
 a^pTicaUons-and which, consequently, belong to the category of "New Remedies>'-are the fol-
  We believe that it can truly be said, no more com-
plete repertory of facts upon  the  subject treated,
can anywhere be found.  The author has, moreover,
that enviable tact at description and  that facility
and case of expression which render him peculiarly
acceptable to the casual, or the studious reader.
This faculty, so requisite  in setting forth  many
graver and less attractive subjects, lends additional
charms to one  always fascinating.—Boston Med.
and Surg. Journal, Sept. 1856.
  The most  complete and  satisfactory  system of
Physiology in the English  language.—Amer.Med.
Journal.
Cer

Tm.nft,^
Renne  SiceMarine carbonate of iron and manganese. Santonin, Tellurium, and Traumaticne.
  Thfarticles treated of in the fo.mer editions will be found to have undergone considerable ex-
  I he articles iredLc             author  might be enabed to introduce, as far as practicable, the
r^off 5X " "quen experience of othSVs, as well  as of his  own observation and reflection;
re- ills ot  ne . i ■   i       i     d     j    of 1he extended circulation with which  the preceding
" ■> l° Thave leen favored 1™ he proVelsion.  By an enlargement of the page, the numerous addi-
£'!°*£^^incorporated without greatly increasing the bulk of the volume.-Pr«/««.
                                                The great learning of the author, and his remark-
                                               able industry in  pushing his researches into every
                                               source whence information is derivable,have enabled
                                               him to throw together an extensive mass of facts
                                               and statement, "accompanied by full reference to
                                               authorities; which last feature renders the work
                                               practically valuable to investigators who  desire to
                                               examine the original papers.—The American Journal
                                               of Pharmacy.
  One of the most useful of the author's works.-
S  *tern Medical and Surgrcal Journal.
  mi    »lnhorate  and useful  volume  should  be
, T Tin every- ^dical library, for as a book of re-
J°U«nr«  for  phvBicinn., it is unsurpassed  by any
fM?r work ii existence, and the double index for
other work in        di   wil, be found greatly tc
Chance its value.-A.u. York M.rf. Gazette. 
14
BLANCHARD  &  LEA'S  MEDICAL
                                  ERICHSEN  (JOHN),
                     Professor of Surgery in University College, London, &c.

THE SCIENCE  AND ART OF SURGERY; beino a Treatise on Surgical
  Injuries, Diseases, and Operations.   Edited by John H. Brinton, M. D.  Illuslraled with
  three hundred and  eleven engravings on wood.  In one large and handsome octavo volume, ol
  over nine hundred closely printed pages, leather, raised bands.  $4 25.
  It is, in our humble judgment,  decidedly  the best
book of the kind in the English language.  Strange
that just such books are not ofb-ner produced by pub
be teachers  of surgery in ilii*  country  and Great
Britain  Indeed, il is a matter of great astonishment.
but no less true  than astonishing, that ofthe many-
works on surgery republished in this country within
the last fifteen or twenty years as text-books for
medical students, ibis is the only one that even ap-
proximates to ihe fulfilment of the peculiar wants of
\ ou ng men just entering upon the study of this branch
ofthe profession.— Western Jour .of Med. ami Surgery.

  Its value is greatly  enhanced by a very copious
well-arranged index.  We regard this as one of the
most valuable contributions to modern surgery. To
one entering his novitiate of practice, we regard  it
the most serviceable guide which he can consult. He
will find a fulness of detail leadinghim through every
step ofthe operation, and not deserting him until the
final issue ofthe case is decided   For the same, rea-
son we recommend it to those whose routine of prac-
tice lies in such parts of the country  that they must
rarely encounter cases recmiring surgical manage-
ment.— Stethoscope.
  Embracing, as will be perceived, the whole surgi-
cal domain, and each division of itself almost com-
plete and perfect, each chapter full and explicit, each
subject faithfully exhibited, we can only express our
esiimate  of it in the aggregale.  We consider il an
excellent contribution ~to surgery,  as  probably the
best single volume  now exiant on  ihe subject, and
with great pleasure we  add  il to our text-books.—
Nashville Journal of Medicine and Surgery.

  Prof. Erichsen's work, for its  size, has not been
surpassed; his nine hundred and eight pages, pro-
fusely illustrated, are rich in physiological, patholo-
gical, and operative suggestions, doclrines, details,
and processes;  and will prove  a reliable resource
for information, both to physician  and surgeon, in the
hour of peril.—JV. 0. Med. and Surg. Journal.

  We are acquainted with no other work wherein
so much good sense, sound  principle, and practical
Inferences, stamp every page.—American Lancet.
                             ELLIS (BENJAMIN), M.D.

THE  MEDICAL  FORMULARY:  being a Collection of Prescriptions, derived
  from the writings and practice of many of the most eminent physicians of America and Europe.
  Together with the  usual Dietetic Preparations and Antidotes for Poisons.   To which is  added
  an  Appendix, on the Endermic use of Medicines, and on the use of Ether and Chloroform.  The
  whole accompanied with a few  brief Pharmaceutic and Medical Observations.   Tenth edition,
  revised and much extended by Robert P. Thomas, M.  D., Professor of Materia Medica in the
  Philadelphia College of Pharmacy.  In one neat octavo volume, extra cloth, of'296 pages. (Lately
  Issued.)  $1 75.
  After an examination of the new matter and the
alterations, we believe the reputation of the work
built up by the author, and the late distinguished
editor, will continue to flourish under the auspices
ofthe present editor, who has the industry and accu-
racy,  and, we would  say, conscientiousness requi-
site for the responsible task.—Am. Jour, of Pharm.
  It will prove particularly useful to students and
young practitioners, as the most important prescrip-
tions employed in modern practice, which  lie scat-
tered through our medical literature, are here col-
lected and conveniently arranged for reference.—
Charleston Med. Journal and Review.
                        FOWNES  (GEORGE),  PH. D., &.C.

ELEMENTARY  CHEMISTRY;   Theoretical and  Practical.   With numerous
  illustrations.  Edited, with Additions, by Robert Bridges, M. D.  In one  large royal 12mo.
  volume, of over 550 pages, with 181 wood-cuts.  In leather, $1 50; extra cloth, $1 35.
  We know of no better text-book, especially in the
difficult department of organic  chemistry, upon
which it is particularly full and satisfactory.  We
would Tecommend it to  preceptors as a  capital
" office book" for their  students who are beginners
in Chemistry.  It is copiously illustrated with ex-
cellent wood-cuts,  and  altogether admirably "got
up."—iV. J. Medical Reporter.
  A standard manual, which  has long enjoyed the
reputation of embodying much knowledge in a small
space.  The author hasachieved the difficult task of
condensation with masterly tact.  His book is con-
cise without being dry,  and brief without being too
dogmatical or general.— Virginia Med. and Surgical
Journal.
  The work of Dr. Fownes has long been before
the public, and its merits have been fully appreci-
ated  as  the best text-book on  chemistry now in
existence.  We do not, of course, place it in a rank
superior to the works of Brande, Graham, Turner,
Gregory, or Gmelin, but we say that,  as a work
for students, it is preferable to any of them.—Lon-
don Journal of Medicine.
  A work well adapted to the wants of the student.
It is an excellent exposition of the chief doctrines
and facts of modern chemistry. The size of the work,
and still more the condensed yet perspicuous style
in which it is written,  absolve it from the charges
very properly urged against most manuals termed
popular.—Edinburgh Journal of Medical Science.
                       FERGUSSON (WILLIAM), F.  R. S.,
                      Professor of Surgery in  King's  College, London, &c.

A  SYSTEM  OF PRACTICAL  SURGERY.   Fourth American, from the third
  and enlarged London edition.  In one large and beautifully printed octavo volume, of about 700
  pages, with 393 handsome illustrations, leather.  $3 00.
  The most important subjects in connection with
 practical  surgery which have been more  recently
 brought under the notice of, and  discussed by, the
 surgeons of Great Britain, are fully and dispassion-
 ately considered by Mr. Fergusson, and that which
 was'before wanting has now been  supplied; so that
 we can now look upon itas a -work on practical sur-
 gery  instead of one  on operative surgery alone.
 Medical Times  and Gazette.

  No work was ever written which  more nearly
comprehended the necessities of   the student and
practitioner, and was more carefully arranged to
that single purpose than this.—N. Y. Med. Journal.
  The addition of many new pages makes this work
more than ever indispensable to the student and prac-
titioner.—Ranking's Abstract.
  Among the numerous works upon surgery pub-
lished of late  years,  we  know of none we value
more highly than the one before us.  It  is perhaps
the very best we have for a text-book and for ordi-
nary reference, being  concise and eminently practi-
cal.—Southern Med. and Surg. Journal. 
AND SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS                    15
                             FLINT  (AUSTIN), M.  D.,
        Professor of the Theory and Practice of Medicine in the University of Louisville, &c.
                                (An Important New Work.)

PHYSICAL EXPLORATION AND DIAGNOSIS OF  DISEASES  AFFECT-
  ING THE RINSPIRATORY ORGANS.  In  one large and  handsome  octavo  volume, extra
  cloth, 636 pages.  $3  00.
 We can only state our general impression of the
high value of this work, and cordially recommend
it to all.  We regard it, in point both of arrangement
and ofthe marked ability of its treatment of the sub-
jects, as destined to take the first rank in works of
this class.  So far as our information extends, it has
at present no equal.  To the practitioner, as well as
the student, it will be invaluable in clearing  up the
diagnosis of doubtful cases, and  in shedding light
upon difficult phenomena.—Buffalo Med. Journal.
 This is the most elaborate work devoted exclu-
sively to the physical exploration of diseases ofthe
lungs, with which we are acquainted in the English
language.  From the high standing ofthe author as
a clinical teacher, and  his known devotion, during
many years, to the study of thoracic diseases, much
was to be expected from the announcement  of his
determination to embody in the form of a treatise,
the results of his study and experience.  These ex-
pectations we are confident will not be disappointed.
For our own part, we have been favorably impressed
by a perusal of the book, and heartily recommend it
to all who are desirous of acquiring a thorough ac-
quaintance with the means of exploring the condi-
tions of the respiratory organs by means of auscul-
tation and percussion. — Boston  Med. and Surg.
Journal.
  A. work of original observation of the highest merit.
We recommend the treatise to every one who wishes
to become a correct auscultator.  Based to a very
larsje extent upon cases numerically examined, it
carries the evidence of careful study and discrimina-
tion upon every pa?e.  It does credit to the author,
and, through him, to the profession in this country.
It is, what we cannot call every book upon auscul-
tation, a readable book.—Am.  Jour. Med. Sciences.
By Edwin

        OF
                         FISKE  FUND  PRIZE ESSAYS.
THE EFFECTS OF CLIMATE ON TUBERCULOUS DISEASE.
  Lee, M. R. C. S., London.
THE  INFLUENCE  OF  PREGNANCY  ON   THE DEVELOPMENT
  TUBERCLES.  By Edward Warren, M. D., of Edenton, N. C.
  Together in one neat octavo volume, extra cloth.   SI 00.   (Just Ready.)
  These two valuable Essays on Tuberculosis are reprinted by request ofthe Rhode Island Medi-
cal Society, from the " American Journal ofthe Medical Sciences" for April and July, 1S57.
                         GRAHAM  (THOMAS),  F. R. S.,
                   Professor of Chemistry in University College,  London, &c.
THE  ELEMENTS  OF  CHEMISTRY.   Including the application of the Science
  to the Arts.  With numerous illustrations.  With Notes and Additions, by  Robert Bridges,
  M. D., &c. &c.  Second American, from the second and enlarged London edition.
PART I. (Lately Issued) large 8vo., 430 pages, 185 illustrations   $ 1 50.
PART II. (Preparing) to match.__________

                     GRIFFITH  (ROBERT E.), M. D.,  &c.
A UNIVERSAL FORMULARY, containing the methods of Preparine; and Ad-
  ministering Officinal and other Medicines.  The whole adapted to Physicians and Pharmaceu-
  tist*   Second Edition, thoroughly revised, with numerous additions, by Robert P.  Iho.mas,
  M  D  Professor of Materia Medica in the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy.  In one larjre and
  handsome octavo volume, extra cloth, of 650 pages, double columns.  (Just Issued.)   S3 00;  or
  bound in sheep, $3 25.
  It was a work requiring much perseverance, and | tioner can possibly have in his possession.—Mfrfieai
when published was looked upon as by far the best  Chronicle.
work of its kind that had issued from the American ]  The amount of useful, every-day matter, for a prat-
press.  Prof Thomas  has certainly "unproved." as ; x\c]na physician, is really immense.—Boston Med.
well as added lothis Formulary, and has rendered it  , an// Surg. Journal.
additionally deserving of the confidence of pharma- |  This ia a wovk  of six hundred  and fifty one pages,
ceutists and physicians.—Am. Journal of Pharmacy
  Wearehappv to announce a new and improved
edition of this, one ofthe most valuable and useful
works that have emanated  from an American  pen
It would do credit to any country, and will be found
of daily usefulness to practitioners of medicine; ins
better adapted to their purposes than the dispensato-
ries.—SouJ/Vern  Med. and Surg. Journal.
  A new edition of this well-known work, edited by
R P Thomas M D,  nlumls occasion for renewing
ourPCormmenda"!on of so useful a h-nd^k^vhich

ought to be ^^l^^^^eZe"^
office Pupils, as a standard authority.  It  has been

T^iHd'neetsr^^
nLss  TI e"more o'f such hooks the belter for the pro-
KnTndTe  public- A'.  Y Med. lia-.etu.
  It is one ofthe most useful books a country prncti-
             1 lll> 1? a VfU^ ill sia iiunuiv-u "■'« mi j v.»-v i- —-, - ~,
            ".mliraeing all on the subject of preparing and admi-
           nistering medicines that can be desired by the physi-
           cian and pharmaceutist.— Western Lancet.
             In short, it is a full and complete work of the kind)
           and should be  m the hands of every physician and
           apothecary.  O. Med. and Surg. Journal
             We predict a great sale for this work, and we espe-
           cially recommend it to  all  medical teachers.—Rich-
           mond Stethoscope.
             This edition of Dr. Griffith's work has been greatly
           improved by the revision and  ample additions of Dr.
           Thomas,  and is now.  we believe, one of the most
           complete  works of its kind in any language.  The
           additions amount to about seventy  pases, and no
           etTorl ha- been spared to include in them  all the re-
           cent improvements winch have been published in
            medical journals, and systematic treatise*.  A. work
           of this kind appear* to us indispensable lo the physi-
            cian, and ihereis none ve can more cordially recom-
            mend— JV. Y. Journal of Medicine.

BY THE SAME AUTHOR.

Description of all  the  more  important  Plants used
nfvrnT \L BOTANY; or, a Description ot
J>ll^l-'l,--vlJ   Y„f ,h,.ir  Pronertu- Uses, and Modes of Administration.  In one lanre octavo
     M0<1'exfrVdoth, oHO-1 pages, handsomely printed, with nearly 350 illustrations on wood. S3 00.
volunn 
16
BLANCHARD  &  LEA'S  MEDICAL
                          GROSS (SAMUEL  D.), M. D.,
             Professor of Surgery in the Jefferson Medical College of Philadelphia, &c.

                             New Edition (Now Ready.)

ELEMENTS  OP  PATHOLOGICAL  ANATOMY.   Third edition, thoroughly
  revised and greatly improved.  In one large and very handsome octavo volume, with about three
  hundred and fifty beautiful  illustrations, of which a large number are from original drawings.
  Price in extra cloth, 94 75; leather, raised bands, $5 25.
  The very rapid advances in the Science of Pathological Anatomy during the last few years have
rendered essential a thorough  modification of this work,  with a view of making it a correct expo-
nent of the present state of the subject.  The very careful manner  in which this task has been
executed, and the amount of alteration which it has undergone, have enabled the author to say  that
" with the many changes and improvements now introduced, the work may be regarded almost as
a new treatise,"  while the efforts of the  author  have been seconded as regards  the  mechanical
execution of Ihe  volume, rendering it one of the handsomest productions of the American press.
A very large number of new and beautiful original illustrations have been introduced, and the work,
it is hoped, will fully maintain the reputation Hitherto enjoyed by it of a complete and practical ex-
position of ils difficult and important subject.
  We most sincerely congratulate the author on the
successful manner in which he has accomplished his
proposed object.  His book is most admirably cal-
culated to fill up a blank which has long been felt to
exist in this department  of medical  literature, and
as such must become very widely circulated amongst
all classes of  the profession.— Dublin Quarterly
Journ. of Med. Science, Nov. 1857.
  We hnve been favorably impressed with the gene-
ral manner in which Dr. Gross hasexecuted his task
of affording' a comprehensive digest of the present
state of the literature of Pathological Anatomy, and
have much pleasure in recommending his work  to
our readers, as we believe one well  deserving  of
diligent perusal and  careful study.—Montreal Med.
Chron., Sept. 1857.
BY THE SAME  AUTHOR.
A  PRACTICAL   TREATISE  ON  THE  DISEASES,  INJURIES,  AND
  MALFORMATIONS OF  THE URINARY BLADDER, THE PROSTATE GLAND, AND
  THE URETHRA.   Second Edition, revised and much enlarged, with one hundred and eighty-
  four illustrations.  In one large and very handsome octavo volume, of over nine hundred pages.
  (Just Issued.)   In leather, raised bands, $5 25; extra cloth, $4  75.
  A volume replete with truths and principles of the
utmost value in the investigation of these diseases.—
American Medical Journal.
  On the appearance of the first edition of this work,
the leading English medical review predicted that it
would have a " permanent place in the literature of
Burgery worthy to rank with the best works of the
present age."  This prediction has been amply ful-
filled. Dr. Gross's treatise has been found to sup-
ply completely the want which has been felt ever
since the elevation of surgery to the rank of a science,
of a  good practical treatise on the diseases of the
bladder and  its accessory organs.  Philosophical in
its design, methodical in its arrangement, ample and
sound in its practical details, it may in truth be said
to leave scarcely anything  to be desired on so im-
portant a subject, and with the additions and modi-
fications resulting from future discoveries and im-
provements, it will probably remain one of the most
valuable works on this subject so long as the science
of medicine shall exist.—Boston Med. and Surg.
Journal.
  Whoever will peruse the vast amount of valuable
practical information  it contains, and which we
have been unable even to notice, will, we think,
agree with us, that there is no work in the English
language which  can make any  just pretensions to
be its equal.—N. Y. Journal of Medicine.
                           BY THE SAME AUTHOR.  (Just Issued).

A PRACTICAL TREATISE ON FOREIGN BODIES  IN THE AIR-PAS-
  SAGES.   In one handsome octavo volume, extra cloth, with illustrations,  pp. 468.  $2 75.
  A very elaborate work. It is a complete summary  conclude by recommending it to our readers, fully
of the whole subject, and will be a useful book of  persuaded that its perusal will afford them much
reference.—British and  Foreign  Medico-Chirurg. j practieai information well conveyed, evidentlv de-
Review.                                      rived from considerable experience and deduced frora
  A highly valuablebook of reference on a most im-  an ample collection of facts. — Dublin Quarterly
portant subject in the practice of medicine. We I Journal, May, 1855.

                           by the same author.  (Preparing.)

A SYSTEM  OP SURGERY;  Diagnostic, Pathological, Therapeutic, and Opera-
  tive.  With very numerous engravings on wood.
                          GLUGE (GOTTLIEB), M.D.,
        Professor of Physiology and Pathological Anatomy in the University of Brussels, &c.

AN  ATLAS  OF  PATHOLOGICAL  HISTOLOGY.   Translated, with Notes
  and Additions, by Joseph Leidy, M. D., Professor of Anatomy in the University of Pennsylva-
  nia.  In one volume, very large imperial quarto, extra cloth, with 320 figures, plain and colored,
  on twelve copperplates.  $5 00.
GARDNER'S MEDICAL  CHEMISTRY, for the
  use of Students and the Profession. In one royal
  l2mo. vof., ex. cloth, pp. 396, with illustrations.
  SI 00.
HARRISON'S ESSAY TOWARDS A CORRECT
  THEORY  OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM.  In
  one octavo volume, leather, 292 pages.  $1 50.
HUGHES'  CLINICAL  INTRODUCTION  TO
  THE PRACTICE OF AUSCULTATION AND
  OTHER MODES OF PHYSICAL DIAGNOSIS,
  IN DISEASF.S OF THE LUNGS AND HEART.
  Second American, from the second London edition,
  1 vol. royal 12mo., ex. cloth, pp. 304.  $1 00.
HUNTER'S COMPLETE WORKS,  in  4  vols.
  8vo., leather, with plates.  S10. 
AND SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS.
17
                         HOBLYN (RICHARD  D.), M. D.

K^wufPLS*  THE  TERMS  USED  IN  MEDICLNE  AND  THE
  the last  I S,   SCIENCES.  By R,chard D.  Hoblyn, A. M., &c.  A new American from
  IE SmSi    T' rJleVI^ed' with numero»s Additions, by Isaac  Hays, M. D , editor of
  ,nvt™Z A„uUmi  °f th.G Medical ScieM< 'es-"  In one lar*e r°yal  12mo-  volume, leather,
  of over oOO double columned pages.  (Just Issued, 1856.)  $1 50.

  If the frequency with which we have referred to
this volume since its reception from the publisher,
two or  three weeks ago,  be  any criterion for the
future, the binding will soon have to be renewed, even
with careful handling. We find that Dr. Hays has
done the profession great service by his careful and
industrious labors. The Dictionary has thus become
eminently suited  to our medical brethren in  this
country. The additions by Dr. Hays are in brackets,
and we believe there is not a single page but bears
these insignia; in every instance which we have thus
far noticed, the additions are really needed and ex-
ceedingly valuable.  We heartily commend the work
to all who wish to be au courant in medical termi-
nology.—Boston Med. and Surg. Journal.
  To both practitioner and student, we recommend
this dictionary as being convenient in size, accurate
in definition, and sufficiently full and complete for
ordinary consultation.—Charleston Med. Journ. and
Review.
  Admirably calculated to meet the wants of the
practitioner or student, who has neither the means
nor desire to  procure a larger work. — American
Lancet.

  Hoblyn has always been a favorite dictionary, and
in its present enlarged and improved form will give
greater satisfaction than ever.  The American editor,
Dr. Hays, has made many very valuable additions.
—N. J. Med. Reporter.
  To supply the want of the medical reader arising
from this cause, we know of no dictionary  bette'r
arranged and adapted than the one bearing the above
title.  It is not encumbered with the obsolete terms
of a bygone age, but it contains all that are now in
use ; embracing every department of medical science
down to the very latest date.  The volume is of a
convenient size to be used by the medical  student,
and yet large enough to make a respectable appear-
ance in the library of a physician.—Western Lancet.
  Hoblyn's Dictionary has long been a favorite with
us. It is the best book of definitions we have, and
ought always to be upon the student's  table.—
Southern Med. and Surg. Journal.
             HOLLAND (SIR  HENRY),  BART.,  M.D.,F. R. S.,
                      Physician in Ordinary to the Queen of England, &c.

MEDICAL NOTES  AND  REFLECTIONS.   From  the third London edition.
  In one handsome octavo volume, extra cloth.  (Now Ready.)  $3 00.
  As the work of a thoughtful and observant physician, embodying the results of forty years' ac-
tive professional experience, on  topics of the highest interest, this volume is commended to the
American practitioner as well worthy his attention.  Few will rise from its perusal without feel-
ing their convictions strengthened, and armed with new weapons for the daily struggle with
disease.
                           HABERSHON (S.  O.), M. D.,
   Assistant Physician to and Lecturer on Materia Medica and Therapeutics at Guy's Hospital, &c.
PATHOLOGICAL  AND  PRACTICAL  OBSERVATIONS  ON  DISEASES
  OF  THE  ALIMENTARY CANAL, (ESOPHAGUS,  STOMACH, CAECUM, AND INTES-
  TINES.  With illustrations on wood.  In one handsome octavo volume.  (Republishing in the
  Medical News and Library for 1858.)
                        HORNER  (WILLIAM E.), M. D.,
                    Professor of Anatomy in the University of Pennsylvania.
SPECIAL  ANATOMY  AND  HISTOLOGY.   Eighth edition.   Extensively
  revised and modified.   In two large  octavo volumes, extra  cloth,  of more than one thousand
  pages, handsomely printed, with over  three hundred illustrations.  $6 00.
                        HAMILTON  (FRANK H.),  M. D.,
                     Professor of Surgery, in Buffalo Medical College, &c.
A TREATISE  ON  FRACTURES AND DISLOCATIONS.
  octavo volume, with numerous illustrations.  (Preparing.)
In one handsome
                        JONES  (T.  WHARTON), F. R. S.,
         Professor of Ophthalmic Medicine and Surgery in University College, London, &c.

THE  PRINCIPLES  AND  PRACTICE  OF  OPHTHALMIC   MEDICINE
  AND SURGERY.  With one hundred and ten illustrations.  Second American from the tsecond
  and revised London edition, with additions by Edward Hartshorne, M. D., Surgeon to Wills'
  Hospital  iSrc.  In one large, handsome  royal 12mo. volume, extra cloth, of 500 pages.  (Now
  Ready.)' $1 50.
  We are confident that  the reader will find  on
perusal, that the execution ofthe work amply fulfils
the  promise ofthe preface, and sustains, in every
point, the already high reputation of the author as
an ophthalmic  surgeon as well as a physiologis
and  pathologist.  The book is evidently the result
of much labor and research, and has been written
with the greatest care and  attention;  it possesses
that best quality which a general work like a sys-
 e  or manual can show, viz: the quality of having
al the materials whencesoever derived, so thorough-
ly wrought up, and digested in the author's mind,
as to come forth with the freshness and impressive-
ness of an original production. We entertain little
doubt that this book will become what  its author
hoped it might become, a manual for daily reference
and consultation by the student and the general prac-
titioner.   The work is marked by that correctness,
clearness, and precision of style which distinguish
all the productions of the learned author.—British
and For. Med. Review. 
18
BLANCHARD  &  LEA'S  MEDICAL
JONES (C. HAND FIELD), F. R. S., &. EDWARD  H.  SI EV EKING,  M.D.,
                Assistant Physicians and Lecturers in St. Mary's Hospital, London.

A  MANUAL  OF  PATHOLOGICAL  ANATOMY.   First  American  Edition,
  Revised.   With three hundred and ninety-seven handsome wood engravings.  In one large and
  beautiful octavo volume of nearly 750 pages, leather,  fi-3 75.
                                                present condition of pathological anatomy.  In thig
                                                they have been completely successful.  The work is
  Asa concise text-book, containing, in a condensed
form, a complete outline of what is known in the
domain of Pathological Anatomy, it is perhaps the
best work in ihe English language.  Its great merit
consists in its completeness and brevitv, and in this
respect it supplies a great desideratum  in our lite-
rature.  Heretofore  the student of pathology was
obliged to glean from a great number of monographs,
and the field was so extensive that but few cultivated
it with  any  degree of success.  As a simple work
of reference,  therefore, it is of great valae to the
student of pathological anatomy, and should be in
every physician's library.—Western Lancet.
  In  offering the above titled work to the public, the
authors have not attempted to intrude new views on
their professional brethren, hut simply to lay before
them, what has long been wanted, an outline of the
one of the best compilations which we have ever
perused.—Charleston Medical Journal and Review.
  We urge upon our readers and the profession gene-
rally the importance of informing themselves in re-
gard to modern views of pathology, and recommend
to them to procure the work before us as the bes
means of obtaining this information.—Stethoscop e.
  From the casual examination  we have given we
are inclined to  regard it as a text-book, plain, ra-
tional, and intelligible, such a book as the practical
man needs for daily reference.   For this reason it
will be likely to be largely useful, as it suits itself
to those busy men who have  little time for minute
investigation, and prefer a summary to an elaborate
tieatise.—Buffalo Medical Journal.
                    KIRKES  (WILLIAM  SENHOUSE), M.  D.,
               Demonstrator of Morbid Anatomy at St. Bartholomew's Hospital, &c.
A  MANUAL  OF   PHYSIOLOGY.    A new  American,  from the  third and
  improved London edition.  With two hundred  illustrations.  In  one large and handsome royal
  12mo. volume,  leather,   pp. 58G.  $2 00.  (Now  Ready,  1857.)
  In again passing this work through his hands, the  author  has endeavored to render it a correct
exposition of the  present condition of the science, making such alterations and additions as have
been dictated by further experience, or as the progress of investigation has rendered desirable.  In
every point of mechanical execution the publishers have sought to make it superior to former edi-
tions, and at the very low price at which it is offered, it will  be found  one of the handsomest and
cheapest volumes before the profession.
  In making these improvements, care has been exercised not unduly to inerease its  size, thus
maintaining its distinctive characteristic of presenting within a moderate compass a clear and con-
nected view of its subjects, sufficient for the wants of the student.
  This is a new and very much improved edition of
Dr. Kirkes' well-known Handbook of Physiology.
Originally constructed on the basis ofthe admirable
treatise of Miller, it has in  successive editions  de-
veloped itself into an almost original work, though
no change has been made in the plan or arrangement.
It combines conciseness with completeness, and is,
therefore, admirably adapted for consultation by the
busy practitioner.—Dublin Quarterly Journal, Feb.
lb.)7.
  Its excellence is in its compactness, its clearness,
and its carefully cited  authorities. It is the most
convenient of text-books. These gentlemen, Messrs
Kirkes and Paget, have really an immense talent for
silence, which is not so common or so cheap as prat-
ing people fancy.  They have the gift of telling us
what we want to know, without thinking it  neces-
sary to tell us all  they know.—Boston Med. and
Surg. Journal, May 14, 1S57.
  One of the very best handbooks of Physiology we
possess—presenting just such an outline of the sci-
ence, comprising an account of its leading facts and
generally admitted principles, as the student requires
during  his attendance upon a course of lectures, or
for reference whilst preparing  for examination.—
Am. Medical Journal.
  We need only say, that, without entering into dis-
cussions of unsettled questions, it contains  all the
recent improvements in this department of medical
science.  For the student beginning this study, and
the practitioner who has  but leisure to refresh his
memory, this book is invaluable, as it contains  all
that it is important to know, without special details,
which  are  read with interest only by  those who
would make a specialty, or desire to possess a critU
cal knowledge of the subject.—Charleston Medical
Journal.
KNAPP'S TECHNOLOGY ; or, Chemistry applied
  to the Arts and to Manufactures.  Edited, with
  numerous Notes and Additions, by Dr. Edmund
  Ronalds and Dr. Thomas Richardson.  First
  American edition,  with Notes and Additions, by
  Prof. Walter R. Johnson.  In two handsome
  octavo volumes, extra cloth, with about 500 wood-
  engravings.  $6 00.
LALLEMAND ON SPERMATORRHOEA. Trans-
  lated and edited hy Henry J. McDougal.  In one
  volume, octavo, extra cloth, 320 pages.  Second
  American edition.  $1 75.
                               LUDLOW  (J.  L.!>  M.  D.
A  MANUAL  OF  EXAMINATIONS  upon  Anatomy,  Physiology,  Surgery,
  Practice of Medicine, Obstetrics, Materia Medica, Chemistry, Pharmacy, and Therapeutics.  To
  which is added a Medical Formulary.  Designed for Students of Medicine throughout the United
  States.   Third edition, thoroughly revised and greatly extended  and  enlarged.   With three
  hundred and  seventy illustrations.  In one large and  handsome royal 12mo. volume, leather, of
  over 800 closely printed pages   (Now Ready.)  $2 50.
  The great popularity of this volume, and the numerous demands for it during the two years in which
it has been out  of print, have induced the author in its  revision to spare no  pains to render it  a
correct and accurate digest ofthe most recent condition of all the branches of medical science.   In
many respects  it may, therefore, be regarded rather  as a new book than a new edition, an  entire
section on Physiology having been  added, as also  one on Org-anic  Chemistry, and many portions
having been rewritten.  A  very complete  series  of  illustrations has  been introduced, and  every
care has been taken in the mechanical execution to render it a convenient and satisfactory book for
study or reference.
  The arrangement of the volume in the form of question and answer renders it especially  suited
for the office examination of students and  for those preparing for graduation.
  We know of no better companion for the student I crammed into his head by the various professors to
during the  hours spent in the lecture room, or to re-  whom he is compelled to listen.— Western Lancet,
fresh, at a  glance, his memory of the various topics | May, 1857. 
AND SCIENTIFIC  PUBLICATIONS.
19
                                LEHMANN  (C.  G.)

PHYSIOLOGICAL  CHEMISTRY.   Translated  from the  second  edition  by
  George E. Day, M. D., F. R. S., <.yc- , edited by R. E. Rogers, M. D., Professor of Chemistry
  in  the Medical Department of the  University of Pennsylvania, with illustrations selected from
  Funke's Atlas  of Physiological Chemistry, and an Appendix of plates.  Complete in two large
  and handsome  octavo volumes, extra cloth, containing 1200 pages, with nearly two hundred illus-
  trations.   (Just Issued.)  $t3 00.
  This great work, universally acknowledged as the most complete and authoritative exposition of
fhe principles and details of Zoochemistry, in its  passage  through the press, has  received from
Professor lingers such care as was necessary to present it in a correct and reliable form.  To such
a work additions were deemed superfluous, but several years having elapsed between the appear-
ance in Germany of the first and  last volume, the latter contained a supplement, embodying nume-
rous corrections  and additions resulting from  the advance ofthe science. These have all been incor-
porated in the text in their appropriate places, while the subjects have been still furtner elucidated by
the insertion of il lustrations from the Atlas of Dr. Otto Fun ke. "With the view of supplying the student
with the means of convenient comparison, a large number of wood-cuts, from works  on kindred
subjects, have also been added in the form of an Appendix of Plates.  The work is, therefore, pre-
sented as in every way worthy the attention  of all who desire to be familiar with the modern facts
and doctrines of Physiological Science.
  The most important contribution as yet made to
Physiological Chemistry.—Am. Journal  Med. Sci-
ences, Jan. 1856.
  The present volumes belong to the small class of
medical literature which comprises elaborate works
of the highest order of merit.—Montreal Med. Chron-
icle, Jan. 1M6.
  The work of Lehmann stands unrivalled  as the
most comprehensive book of reference and informa-
tion extant on every branch of the subject on which
it treats.—Edinburgh Monthly Journal ofi Medical
Science.
  Already well known and appreciated by the scien-
tific world, Professor Lehmann's great work re-
quires no laudatory sentences, as, under a new garb,
it is now presented to us. The  lictle space at our
command -would ill suffice to set forth even a small
portion of its excellences.—Boston Med. and Surg.
Journal, Dec. 1855.
                        BY THE SAME AUTHOR.   (Just Issued, 1856.)

MANUAL OF  CHEMICAL  PHYSIOLOGY.   Translated  from the  German,
  with Notes and Additions, by J. Cheston Morris, M. D., with an  Introductory Essay on Vital
  Force, by Samuel Jackson, M. D., Professor of the Institutes of Medicine in  the University of
  Pennsylvania.  With illustrations on wood.  In one very handsome octavo volume, extra cloth,
  of 336 pages.   $2 25.

                         From, Prof. Jackson's Introductory Essay.

  In adopting the handbook of Dr. Lehmann as a manual of Organic  Chemistry for the use of the
students of the University, and in recommending his original work  of Physiological Chemistry
for their more mature studies, the high value of his researches, and the great weight of his autho-
rity in that important department of medical science are fully recognized.
  The present volume will be a very convenient one I densed form,  the  positive  facts of  Physiological
for students, as offering a brief epitome of the more Chemistry.—Am. Journal Med. Sciences, April, ISoo.
elaborate  work, and as containing, in a very con- |
                         LAWRENCE  (W.),  F. Ft. S., &.C.

A TREATISE  ON  DISEASES  OF  THE   EYE.   A   new edition,  edited,
  with numerous additions, and 243 illustrations, by Isaac Hays, M. D., Surgeon to Will's Hospi-
  tal, &c.   In one very large and handsome octavo volume, of 950 pages, strongly bound in leather
  with raised bands.   $5 00.
  This work is so universally  recognized as the standard authority on the subject, that the pub-
lishers in presenting this new edition have only to remark that in  its  preparation the editor has
carefully revised every portion, introducing  additions and illustrations wherever the advance of
science has rendered  them  necessary or desirable, constituting  it a complete  and  thorough
exponent of the most advanced state ofthe subject.
                                              octavo pages—has enabled both author and editor to
                                              do justice to all the details of this subject, and con-
                                              dense in this single  volume the present state of our
                                              knowledge of the whole science  in this department,
  This admirable treatise-the safest guide and most
comprehensive work of reference, which is within
the reach ofthe profession.—Stethoscope.
This standard text-book on the department  of
wherebyUs practical value cannot be excelled. We
 1,1Til, ample Mteot-Marly on. thousand  larg. ,  ject.appertaminglotais.p.cialtr-.Vl'.Il.a.faa*.

                     LARDNER  (DIONYSIUS),  D. C.  L., &c.
 HANDBOOKS   01?   NATURAL  PHILOSOPHY   AND   ASTROX051T.





■   royal 12mo. of nearly S00 pages, with 37 plates  and 200 wood-cuts.  *. 00. 
20
BLANCHARD  & LEA'S MEDICAL
                            LA  ROCHE  (R.),  M. D., &c.
YELLOW FEVER,  considered  in its Historical,  Pathological, Etiological, and
  Therapeutical Relations.  Including a Sketch of the Disease as it has occurred in Philadelphia
  from 1699to 1S54, with an examination ofthe connections between it and the fevers known under
  the same name in other parts of temperate as  well as  in tropical regions   In  two large  and
  handsome octavo volumes of nearly 1500 pages, extra cloth.   (Just Issued.) $7 00.
 From Professor S. H. Dickson, Charleston, S. C,
              Sei'tfmber 18, 1855.
  A monument of intelligent and well applied re-
search, almost without example.  It is, indeed, in
itself, a large  library, and is destined to constitute
the special  resort as a book of reference, in the
subject of which it treats, to all future time.
  We have not time at present,  engaged as we are,
by d.-ijy and by night, in the work of combating this
very disease, now prevailing in  out city, to do more
than give this cursory notice of what we consider
as undoubtedly the most  able and  erudite  medical
publication our country has yet produced   But in
view of the  startling fact, that this, the most malig-
nant and unmanageable disease of modern times,
has for several years been prevailing in our country
to a greater extent than ever before; that it is no
longer confined to either large  or small cities, but
penetrates country villages, plantations, and farm-
houses ;  that it is treated  with  scarcely better suc-
cess now than thirty or forty years ago; that there
is vast mischief done by ignorant pretenders to know-
ledge in regard to the disease, and in view of the pro-
bability that a majority of southern physicians will
be called upon to treat the disease, we trust that this
able and comprehensive treatise will he very gene-
rally read in the  south.—Memphis Med, Recorder,
  This is decidedly the great American medical work
of the day—a full, complete, and systematic treatise,
unequalled by any other upon the all-important sub-
ject of Yellow Fever.  The laborious, indefatigable,
and learned  author has devoted  to it many years of
arduous research and careful study, and the result
is such as will  reflect the  highest honor upon the
author and our country.— Southern Med. and Surg.
Journal.
  The genius and scholarship of this great physician
could  not have been better  employed  than  in the
erection of this towering monument to his own fame,
and to the glory of the medical literature of his own
country.  It is destined to  remain the great autho-
rity upon the subject of Yellow Fever.  The student
and physician will find in  these volumes a rtsumt
of the  sum total of the knowledge of the world upon
the awful scourge which they so elaborately discuss.
The style is so soft and so pure as to refresh and in-
vigorate the mind while  absorbing the  thoughts of
the gifted author,  while the publishers have suc-
ceeded in bringing theexternals intoa most felicitous
harmony with  the inspiration that dwells within.
Take it all in all, it is a book we have often dreamed
of, but dreamed not that it  would ever meet our
waking eye as a tangible reality.—Nashville Journal
of Medicine.
  We  deem  it fortunate  that the splendid work of
Dr. La Roche should have been issued from the press
at this particular time.  The want of a reliable di-
gest of all that is known in relation to this frightful
malady has long been felt—a want very satisfactorily
met in the work before  us.  We deem  it but faint
praise to say that  Dr. La  Re die has succeeded in
presenting the profession with an able and complete
monograph, one which will find  its way into every
well ordered library.— Va. Stethoscope.
                                    BY THE SAME AUTHOR.

PNEUMONIA;  its  Supposed Connection, Pathological  and Etiological, with Au-
  tumnal Fevers, including an Inquiry into the Existence and  Morbid Agency of Malaria.  In one
  handsome octavo volume, extra cloth, of 500 pages.  $3 00.
  A more simple, clear, and forcible exposition of   This work should becarefully studied by Southern
the groundless nature and dangerous tendency of physicians, embodying as  it does the reflections of
certain pathological and etiological  heresies, has an original thinker and close observer on a subject
seldom been presented to our notice.—N. Y. Journal peculiarly their own.— Virginia Med. and Surgical
of Medicine and Collateral Science.               Journal.
                   LAYCOCK  (THOMAS),  M.  D.,  F. R. S. E.,
          Professor of Practical and Clinical Medicine in the University of Edinburgh, &c.
LECTURES  ON  THE  PRINCIPLES  AND  METHODS   OF  MEDICAL
  OBSERVATION AND RESEARCH.  For  the  Use of Advanced Students and Junior Prac-
  titioners. In one very neat royal 12mo. volume, extra cloth.  Price $1 00. (Just Published, 1S57-.)
  A review of the book cannot now be attempted ;
and our desire is simply to recommend it to all—not
merely the class for which  it was designed; since
there are many senior practitioners in full and (pe-
cuniarily)  successful practice who would be very
much benefited by a close study of its precepts and
principles.—Va. Med. Journal, March, lb57.
MULLER'S PRINCIPLES  OF  PHYSICS AND METEOROLOGY.   Edited,
  with Additions, by R. Eglesfeld Griffith, M. D.  In one large and handsome octavo vplume,
  extra cloth, with 550 wood-cuts, and two colored plates,  pp. 636.  $3 50.

                             MILLER (HENRY), M. D.,
     Professor of Obstetrics and Diseases of Women and Children in the University of Louisville.

PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE OF OBSTETRICS, &c ; including the Treat-
  ment of Chronic Inflammation of the  Cervix and Body of the Uterus considered  as a frequent
  cause of Abortion.  With about one hundred illustrations on wood.  In one very handsome oc-
  tavo volume, of over 600 pages.   (Now Ready.)  $3 75.
  The reputation of Dr. Miller as an obstetrician is loo widely spread  to require the attention of
the profession  to be specially called to a volume containing the experience of his long and extensive
practice.  The very favorable  reception accorded to his " Treatise on Human Parturition," issued
some years since, is an earnest that the  present work will fulfil the author's intention of providing
within a moderate compass a complete and trustworthy text-book for the student, and book of re-
ference for the practitioner.  Based to a certain extent upon the former work, but enlarged  to more
lhan double its size, and almost wholly rewritten, it presents, besides  ihe  matured experience of
the author, the most recent views and investigations of modern obstetric writers, such as  Dubois,
Cazeaux. Simpson,  Tyler Smith, &rc., thus embodying  Ihe  results  not  only  of ihe American,
but also ofthe Paris, the London, and the Edinburgh obstetric schools.   The author's position for so
many years as a teacher of his favorite branch, has given him a familiarity with the wants of -sin-
dents and a facility of convening  instruction, which  cannot fail to render the volume eminently
adapted to its purposes. 
AND SCIENTIFIC  PUBLICATIONS.                    21
                           MEIGS (CHARLES  D.), M. D.,
             I rofessor of Obstetrics, &c. in the Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia.

OBSTETRICS:  THE  SCIENCE  AND  THE  ART.   Third edition,  revised
  and improved.  With one hundred and twenty-nine illu-trations. In one beautifully printed octavo
  volume, leather, of seven hundred and fifty-two large pages.   S3  75.
  The rapid demand for  another edition of this work is  a sufficient expression  ofthe favorable
verdict of the profession.  In thus preparing it a third time for the press, the author has endeavored
to render it in every  respect worthy of the favor which it  has  received.  To accomplish this he
has thoroughly revised it  in every part.   Some portions have  been  rewritten, others added, new
illustrations have been in many instances substituted  for such as were not  deemed satisfactory,
while, by an alteration in the typographical arrangement, the size ofthe work has not been increased,
and the price remain* unaltered.  In its present improved form, it is, therefore, hoped that the work
will continue to meet the wants of the  American profession as a sound, practical, and extended
System of Midwifery.
  Though the work has received only five pages of
enlargement, its chapters throughout wear the im-
pressof r-areful revision. Expunging and rewriting,
remodelling its sentences, with occasional new ma-
terial, all evince a lively desire that it shall deserve
to he  regarded  as improved in manner as well as
mnlte.r.  In the matter, every stroke of the pen has
increased the value of the book, both in expungings
and additions —Western Lancet, Jan. 1857.
  The best American work on Midwifery that is
accessible to  the student and practitioner—AT. W.
Med. and Surg. Journal, Jan. 1857.
  This is a standard work by a great American Ob-
stetrician.  It is the third and last edition, and, in
the language of the preface, the author has "brought
the subject up to the latest dates of real improve-
ment in our art and Science."—Nashville Journ. of
Med. and Surg., May, 1857.
                          BY THE SAME author.  (Lately Issued.)

WOMAN: HER  DISEASES  AND  THEIR  REMEDIES.   A Series of Lec-
  tures to his Class.  Third and  Improved  edition.  In one large and beautifully printed octavo
  volume, leather.     pp.672.  $3 60.
  The gratifying appreciation of his labors, as evinced by the exhaustion of two large impressions
of this work within a few years, has not been  lost upon the author, who has endeavored in every
way to render  it worthy of the  favor with  which it has been  received.   The opportunity thus
afforded for a second revision has been improved, and the work is now presented as in every way
superior to its predecessors, additions  and alterations having been made whenever the advance of
science has rendered them desirable.  The typographical execution of the work will also be found
to have undergone  a similar improvement, and the work is  now confidently presented as in every
way worthy the position  it has acquired as the standard  American text-book on the Diseases of
Females.
  It contains a vast amount of practical knowledge,
by one who has accurately observed  and retained
the experience of many years, and who tells the re-
sult in a free, familiar, and pleasant manner.—Dub-
lin Quarterly Journal.
  There is an off-hand fervor, a glow, and a warm-
heartedness infecting the effirt of Dr. Meigs, which
is entirely captivating, and which absolutely hur-
ries the reader through from beginning to end. Be-
sides,  the book teems with solid  instruction, and
it shows the very highest evidence of ability, viz.,
the clearness with which the information is pre-
sented. We know of no better test of one's under-
standing a subject than the evidence of the power
of lucidly explaining it.  The most elementary, as
well as the obscurest subjects, under the pencil of
Prof. Meigs,  are isolated and made to stand out in

                         by the same  author.   (Lately Published.)

ON   THE   NATURE,   SIGNS,  AND   TREATMENT   OF   CHILDBED
  FEVER.  In a  Series of Letters addressed to  the Students of his Class.   In one handsome
  octavo volume, extra cloth, of 365 pages.  $2  50.
such bold relief, as to produce distinct impressions
upon the mind  and  memory ofthe reader. — The
Charleston Med. Journal.
  Professor Meigs has enlarged and amended this
great work, for  such it  unquestionably is, having
passed the ordeal of criticism at home  and abroad,
but been improved thereby ; for in this new edition
the author has introduced real improvements, and
increased the value and utility of the  book im-
measurably.   It presents  so  many novel,  bright,
and sparkling thoughts;  such an exuberance of new
ideas on  almost every page, that we confess our-
selves to have  become  enamored  with  the  book
and its author; and cannot withhold our congratu-
lations from our Philadelphia confreres, that such a
teacher is in their service.—N. Y. Med. Gazette.
  The instructive and interesting author of this
work, whose previous labors in the department of
medicine  which he so sedulously cultivates, have
placed his countrymen under deep and abiding obli-
gations,  again  challenges their admiration  in  the
fresh and vigorous, attractive and racy pages before
us.  It is a delectable book.  * *  * This treatise
upon child-bed  fevers will have an extensive sale,
being destined, as it deserves, to find a place in  the
library of every practitioner who scorns to lag in the
rear.—Nashville Journal ofi Medicine and Surgery.
  This book will add more to his fame than either
of those which bear his name. Indeed we doubt
whether any material improvement will be made on
the teachings of this volume for a century to come,
since it is so eminently practical, and based on pro-
found knowledge of the science and consummate
skill in the art of healing, and ratified by an ample
and extensive experience, such as few men have the
industry or good  fortune to acquire.—AT. Y. Med.
Gazette.
BY THE SAME AI'THOR ]  WITH COLORED PLATES.
A  TUEATTSE ON  ACUTE  AND  CHRONIC DISEASES OF THE NECK
 n^TWF UTERUS   With numerous plates, drawn and colored from nature in the highest
 style of art   In one handsome octavo volume, extra cloth.  $4 50.
MAYXK
          m^PENi* VTORY  AND  THERA-
Pt- ,-T|?AL REMEMBRANCER.  Comprising
 i      ir* lists of  Materia  Medica,  with  everv
 he  entire lis so,  ,          ^ three BriUsh

Ki:'lCtlCa'n^ as  K^ited. with the addition of the
Pharmacopoeias
Formula? ol the l
Griffith, M.U
     Pharmacopoeia, by R. E
1 12mo. vol. ex.cl.,300pp. 75 c. I
MALGAIGXE'S OPERATIVE SURGERY, based
  on Normal and Pathological Anatomy.   Trans-
  lated from the French by Frederick Brittan,
  A.B.,M D. "With numerous illustrations on wood
  In one handsome octavo volume, extra cloth, of
  nearly six hundred pages.  $2 25. 
BLANC HARD  ,V  LEA'S  MEDICAL
                        MACLISE  (JOSEPH),  SURGEON.
SURGICAL  ANATOMY.   Forming  one  volume,  very  large  imperial  quarto.
  With sixty-eight large and splendid Plates, drawn in the best  style and beautifully colored.  Con-
  taining one hundred and  ninety Figures, many of them the size of life.  Together with copious
  and explanatory letter-press.   Strongly  and handsomely bound  in extra cloth, being one of the
  cheapest and best executed Surgical Works as yet issued in this country.  $11 00.
  %* The size of this work prevents its transmission through the post-office as a whole, but those
wiio desire to have  copies  forwarded by  mail, can receive  them  in  five parts, done up in  stout
wrappers.  Price $9 00.

  One of the greatest artistic triumphs of the age
in Surgical Anatomy.—British American Medical
Journal.
  Too much cannot be said in its praise; indeed,
we have not langcenge to do it justice.—Ohio Medi-
cal and Surgical Journal.
  The most admirable surgical atlas we have seen.
To the practitioner deprived of demonstrative dis-
sections upon the human subject, it is an invaluable
companion.—iV. J. Medical Reporter.
  The most accurately engraved  and beautifully-
colored plates  we have ever seen in an American
book—one of the best and cheapest surgical works
ever published.—Buffalo Medical Journal.
  It is very rare that so elegantly printed, so well
illustrated, and so useful  a work, is  offered at so
moderate a price.—Charleston Medical Journal.
  Its plates can boast a superiority which places
them almost beyond the reach of competition.—Medi-
cal Examiner.             ..
  Every practitioner, we think, should have a work
of this kind within reach.—Southern  Medical and
Surgical Journal.
  No such lithographic illustrations of surgical re-
gions have hitherto, we think, been given.—Boston
Medical and Surgical Journal.

  As a surgical  anatomist, Mr. Maclise has  proba-
bly no superior.—British and Foreign Medico-Chi-
rurgical Review.

  Of great value to the student engaged in dissect-
ing, and to the surgeon at a distance from the means
of keeping up his anatomical knowledge.—Medical
Times.
  The mechanical execution cannot be excelled.—
Transylvania Medical Journal.

  A work which has no parallel in point of accu-
racy and cheapness in the English language.—N. Y.
Journal of Medicine.
  To all engaged in  the study or practice of their
profession, such a work is almost  indispensable.—
Dublin Quarterly Medical Journal.

  No practitioner  whose means will admit  should
fail to possess it.—Ranking's Abstract.

  Country practitioners will find these plates of im-
mense value.—JV. Y. Medical Gazette.
  We are extremely gratified to  announce to the
profession the completion of this truly magnificent
work, which, as  a whole,  certainly stands unri-
valled, both  for  accuracy of drawing, beauty of
coloring, and all the requisite explanations of the
subject in hand.—The  New Orleans Medical and
Surgical Journal.

  This is by far the ablest work on Surgical Ana-
tomy  that has come under our observation.  We
know of no other work that would justify  a stu-
dent, in any  degree, for neglect of actual dissec-
tion.  In those  sudden emergencies that so often
arise, and which require the instantaneous command
of minute anatomical knowledge, a work of this kind
keeps the details ofthe dissecting-room perpetually
fresh in the memory.—The Western Journal of Medi-
cine and Surgery.
  g@p The very low price at which this work is furnished, and the beauty of its execution,
require an extended sale to compensate the publishers for the heavy expenses incurred.
      MOHR (FRANCIS),  PH. D., AND REDWOOD (TH EOPH I LUS).
PRACTICAL  PHARMACY.    Comprising the Arrangements,  Apparatus, and
  Manipulations of the Pharmaceutical Shop and Laboratory.  Edited, with extensive Additions,
  by Prof. William Procter, of the Philadelphia  College of Pharmacy.  In one handsomely
  printed octavo volume, extra cloth, of 570  pages, with over 500 engravings on wood.  "
75.
                             MACKENZIE  (W.),  M.D.,
                  Surgeon Oculist in Scotland in ordinary to Her Majesty, &c. &c.

A PRACTICAL  TREATISE ON  DISEASES   AND INJURIES  OF   THE
  EYE.   To which is prefixed an Anatomical Introduction explanatory of a Horizontal Section of
  the Human Eyeball, by Thomas Wharton Jones, F. R. S.  From the Fourth Revised and En-
  larged London Edition.  With Notes and Additions by Addinell Hewson, M. D., Surgeon to
  Wills Hospital, &c. &c.  In one very large and handsome octavo volume, leather, raised bands, with
  plates and numerous wood-cuts.   $5 25.
  The treatise of Dr. Mackenzie indisputably holds
the first place, and forms, in respect of learning and
research, an Encyclopaedia unequalled in extent by
any other work ofthe kind, either English or foreign.
—Dixon on Diseases ofthe Eye.

  Few modern books on any department of medicine
or surgery have met with such extended circulation,
or have procured for their authors a like amount of
European celebrity.  The  immense research which
it displayed, the thorough acqaaintance with the
subject, practically as well as theoretically, and the
able manner in which the author's stores of learning
and experience were rendered availablefor general
use, at once procured for the first edition, as well on
the continent as in this country,  that high position
as a standard work which each successive edition
has more firmly established, in spite of the attrac-
tions of several rivals of no mean ability.   This, the
fourth edition, has been in  a great measure re-writ-
ten ;  new matter, to the extent of one hundred and
fifty pages, has been added, and in several instances
formerly  expressed opinions have been modified  in
accordance with the advances in the science which
have been made of late years.  Nothing worthy of
repetition upon any branch of the subject appears to
have escaped the author's notice.  We  consider it
the duty of every one who has the love of his profes-
sion and the welfare, of his patient at heart, to make
himself familiar with this the most complete work
in the English language upon the diseases of the eye.
—Med. Times and Gazette.
  The fourth edition of this standard work will no
doubt be as fully appreciated as the three former edi-
tions. It is unnecessary to say a word in its praise,
for the verdict has already been passed upon it by
the most competent judges, and " Mackenzie on the
Eye" has justly obtained a  reputation which it is
no figure of speech to call world-wide.—British and
Foreign Medico-Chirurgical Review.
  This new  edition of Dr. Mackenzie's celebrated
treatise on diseases of the eye, is truly a miracle of
industry and learning.  We  need scarcely say that
he has entirely exhausted the subject of his specialty.
—Dublin Quarterly Journal. 
AND  SCIENTIFIC  PUBLICATIONS.                    23
                           MILLER (JAMES), F. R. S. E.,
                     Professor of Surgery in the University of Edinburgh, &c.

PRINCIPLES  OF  SURGERY.   Fourth American, from  the  third and  revised
  Edinburgh edition.  In  one large and very beautiful  volume, leather, of 700  pages, with two
  hundred and forty exquisite illustrations on  wood.  (Just Issued, 1850.)     $3 75.
  The extended reputation  enjoyed by this work will be fully maintained  by the present edition.
Thoroughly revised by the author,  it will be found a clear and compendious exposition of surgical
science in its most advanced condition.
  In connection with the recently  issued third edition  ofthe author's "Practice of Surgery," it
forms a very complete system of Surgery in all its branches.
  The work of Mr. Miller is too well and too favor-
ably known among us, as one of our best text-books,
to render any further notice of it necessary than the
announcement of a new edition, the fourth in our
country, a proof of its extensive circulation among
us.  As a concise and reliable, exposition of the sci-
ence of modern surgery, it stands deservedly high—
we know not its superior__Boston Med. and Surg.
Journal.
  It presents the most satisfactory exposition ofthe
modern doctrines ofthe principles of surgery to be
found in any volume in any language.—N. Y. Journal
oj Medicine.
  The work  takes rank with Watson's Practice of
Physic; it certainly does not fall behind that  great
work  in soundness of principle or depth of reason-
ing and research.  No physician who values his re-

                            by the same author.  (Now Ready.)

THE  PRACTICE OF  SURGERY.    Fourth  American  from the  last  Edin-
  burgh  edition.  Revised  by the American editor.  Illustrated by three hundred and sixty-four
  engravings on wood.  In one large octavo volume, leather, of nearly 700 pages.  $3 75.
putation, or seeks the interests of his clients, can
acquit himself before his God and the world without
making himself familiar with the sound and philo-
sophical views developed in  the foregoing book.—
New Orleans Med. and Surg. Journal.
  Without doubt the  ablest exposition of the prin-
ciples of that branch of the healing art in any lan-
guage.  This opinion,  deliberately formed after a
careful study of the first edition, we have had  no
cause to change on examining  the second.  This
edition has  undergone thorough revision by the au-
thor; many expressions have been modified, and a
mass of new matter introduced.  The hook is got up
in the finest style, and is an evidence of the progress
of typography in our country.—Charleston Medical
Journal and Review.
  No encomium of ours could add to the popularity
of Miller's Surgery.  Its reputation in this country
is unsurpassed by that of any other work, and, when
taken in connection with the author's  Principles ofi
Surgery, constitutes a whole, without reference to
which  no  conscientious surgeon would be willing
to practice his art.  The additions, by Dr. Sargent,
have materially enhanced the value of the work.—
Southern Medical and Surgical Journal.
  It is seldom  that  two volumes have ever made so
profound an impression in  so short a time as  the
" Principles"  nnd  the  " Practice" of Surgery by
Mr. Miller—or so richly merited  the reputation they
have acquired. The  author is an eminently sensi-
ble, practical, and well-informed man, who knows
exactly what he is talking about  and exactly how to
talk it.—Kentucky Medical Recorder.
  By the almost unanimous voice of the  profession,
his works, both on the principles nnd practice of
surgery have been assigned the highest rank.  If we
were limited to but one work on surgery, that one
should be Miller's, as we regard it as superior to all
others.—St. Louis Med. and Surg. Journal.

  The author, distinguished alike as a practitioner
and writer, has in this and his " Principles," pre-
sented to the profession one of the most completeand
reliable systems of Surgery  extant.  IIis style of
writing is original, impressive, and engaging, ener-
getic, concise, and lucid.  Few have the faculty of
condensing so much in small space, and at the same
time so persistently holding the attention; indeed,
he appears to make the very process of condensation
a means of eliminating attractions. Whether as a
text-book for students or a  book  of reference for
practitioners, it cannot be too strongly recommend-
ed.—Southern  Journal of Med. and Phys. Sciences.
               MONTGOMERY  (W. F.),  M. D.,  M. R. !. A., &c,
        Professor of Midwifery in the King and Queen's College of Physicians in Ireland, &c.

AN  EXPOSITION OF THE SIGNS  AND SYMPTOMS  OF  PREGNANCY.
  With some other Papers on Subjects connected with Midwifery.  From the second and enlarged
  English edition.  With two exquisite  colored  plates,  and numerous wood-cuts.  In  one very
  handsome octavo volume, extra cloth, of nearly 600 pages.  (Now Ready, 1S57.)  S3 75.
  The present edition of this classical volume is fairly entitled to be regarded as anew work, every
sentence having been carefully rewritten, and the whole increased to more than double the original
size    The title of the work scarcely does justice to the extent and importance  of the topics
brought under consideration, embracing, with the exception  of the operative  procedures of mid-
wifery  almost everything connected with obstetiies, either directly or  incidentally;  and there are
few physicians who will not find in its pases much that will  prove of great interest and value in
their daily practice    The special Essays  on the Period of Human Gestation, the Signs of Delivery,
and the Spontaneous Amputation and  other Le-ions of the Fcetus in Utero present  topics ofthe
highest interest fully treated and beautifully illustrated.
  In every point of mechanical execution the work will be found one of the handsomest yet issued
from the American press.
  A book unusually rich in practical suggestions.—
Am Journal Med.'Sciences, Jan. 1857.
  These several subjects so  interesting in them-
selves, nnd so important, every one of them, to  the
most delicate and precious of social  relations, con-
trollin"- often the honor and domestic  peace of a
familyT the legitimacy of offspring, or the life of its
parent, aie all treated with an elegance of diction,
(illness of illustrations, ncutenessand justice ol rea-
soiiin»- unparalleled in obstetrics, and unsurpassed in
medicine   The reader's interest can never fl; "
has been weighed and reweighed through rears of
preparation ; that this is of all others the book of
Obstetric Law, on each of its several topics ;  on all
points connected with pregnancy, to be everywhere
received as a manual  of special jurisprudence, at
once announcing fact, affording argument, establish-
ing precedent, and governing alike the juryman, ad-
vocate, and judge.  It is not merely in its legal re-
lations that we find this work so interesting. Hardly
a page but that has its hints or facts important to
the general practitioner; and not a chapter without
especial matter  for the anatomist, physiologist, or
medicine,  ineit-aui-i a ... t..o, .....----  ,,  >r-c  especial matter tor the anafom
fresh, and vigorous, and classical  ia our nutlior s  pilthologigt._iY.  A.  Med.-Chir. K,view, March,
style-  and one forgets, in the  renewed charm of  »       6
every page, that it/and every line, and every word I  ^   • 
24
BLANCHARD  &  LEA'S MEDICAL
                               NEILL  (JOHN),  M. D.,
                         Surgeon to the Pennsylvania Hospital, &c; and

                      FRANCIS  GURNEY SMITH, M.D.,
              Professor of Institutes of Medicine in the Pennsylvania Medical College.

AN  ANALYTICAL  COMPENDIUM  OF  THE  VARIOUS  BRANCHES
  OF MEDICAL SCIENCE ; for the Use and Examination of  Students.  A new edition, revised
  and improved.  In one very large and handsomely  printed royal 12mo. volume, of about one
  thousand pages, with 374 wood-cuts.   Strongly bound in leather, with raised bands.  $3  00.
  The very flattering reception which has been accorded to this work, and the high estimate  placed
upon it by the profession, as evinced by the constant and increasing demand which has rapidly ex-
hausted two large editions, have stimulated the authors to render the volume in  its present revision
more worthy of the success which has attended it.  It has accordingly been thoroughly examined,
and such errors as had on former occasions escaped observation have been corrected, and whatever
additions were necessary to maintain it on a level with the advance of science have been introduced.
The extended series of illustrations has been still further increased and much improved, while, by
a slight enlargement ofthe page, these various additions have been incorporated without increasing
the bulk of the volume.
  The work is, therefore, again presented as eminently worthy of the favor with which it has hitherto
been received.  As a book for daily reference by the student requiring a guide to his more elaborate
text-books, as a manual for preceptors desiring to stimulate their students by frequent and accurate
examination,  or as a source from which the practitioners of older date may easily  and cheaply acquire
a knowledge ofthe changes and improvement in professional science, its reputation is permanently
established.
  The best work of the kind with which we are
acquainted.—Med. Examiner.
  Having made free use of this volume in our ex-
aminations of pupils, we can speak from experi-
ence in recommending it as an admirable compend
for students,  and as especially useful to preceptors
who examine their pupils.  It will save the teacher
much  labor by enabling him  readily to recall all of
the  points upon which  his  pupils should  be ex-
amined. A work of this sort should be in the hands
of every one who takes pupils into his office with a
view of examining them; and this is unquestionably
the best of its class.—Transylvania Med. Journal.

  In the rapid course of lectures, where work for
the students is heavy, and  review necessary for an
examination, a compend is not only valuable, but
it is almost a sine qua non. The one before us is,
in most of the divisions, the most unexceptionable
of  all books of the kind that we know of.   The
newest and soundest doctrines and the latest im-
provements and discoveries are explicitly, though
concisely, laid before the student.  There is a class
to whom we very sincerely commend this cheap book
as worth its weight in silver—that class is the gradu-
ates in medicine of more than ten years' standing,
who  have not studied medicine since.  They will
perhaps find outfromitthatthe science is not exactly
now what it was when they left it off.—The Stetho-
scope.
                              NEILL (JOHN),  M. D.,
                  Professor of Surgery in the Pennsylvania Medical College, &c.
OUTLINES OF THE VEINS AND LYMPHATICS.   With handsome colored
  plates.  1 vol., cloth. $1 25.

OUTLINES OF THE  NERVES.   With handsome plates.   1 vol., cloth. $1 25.
                NELIGAN (J.  MOORE), M.  D., M. R. I.A.,  &.C.
                             (A splendid work.  Just Issued.)

ATLAS OF  CUTANEOUS DISEASES.   In one beautiful quarto volume, extra
  cloth, with splendid colored plates, presenting nearly one hundred elaborate  representations of
  disease.  $4 50.
  This beautiful volume is intended as a complete and  accurate representation of all the varieties
of Diseases of the Skin.  While it can be consulted in conjunction with any work  on Practice, it haa
especial reference to the author's " Treatise on Diseases ofthe Skin," so favorably received by the
profession some years since.  The publishers feel justified in saying that few more beautifully exe-
cuted plates have ever been presented  to the profession of this country.
  The diagnosis of eruptive disease, however, under
all circumstances, is very difficult.  Nevertheless
Dr. Neligan has  certainly, "as far as possible,"
given a faithful and accurate representation of this
class of diseases, and there can be no doubt that
these plates will be of great use to the student and
practitioner in drawing a diagnosis as to the class,
order, and species to which the particular case may
belong.  While looking over the " Atlas" we have
been induced to examine also the " Practical Trea-
tise," and we are inclined to consider it a very su-
perior work, combining accurate verbal description,
with sound  views of the pathology and treatment of
eruptive diseases.—Glasgow Med. Journal.
  The profession owes its thanks to the publishers of
placed within its reach and at a moderate cost a moBt
accurate and well delineated series of plates illus-
trating the eruptive disorders.  These plates are all
drawn from the life, and in many of them the daguer-
reotype has been employed with great success. Such
works as these are especially useful to country prac-
titioners, who have not an opportunity of seeing the
rarer forms of cutaneous disease, and hence need the
aid of illustrations to give them the requisite infor-
mation on the subject.  With these plates at hand,
the inexperienced practitioner is enabled to discri-
minate with much accuracy, and  he is thus, com-
paratively speaking, put on an equal  footing with
those who have had the opportunity of visiting the
large hospitals of Europe and America.—Va. Med.
Journal, June, 1856.
Neligan's Atlas of Cutaneous Diseases, for they have
                                   BY THE SAME AUTHOR.

A  PRACTICAL  TREATISE  ON   DISEASES  OF THE  SKIN.   Second
  American edition.  In one neat royal 12mo. volume, extra cloth, of 334 pages.  $1 00.

   JK£p The two volumes will  be sent by mail on receipt of Five Dollars.
OWEN  ON THE DIFFERENT FORMS OF
  THE SKELETON,  AND OF  THE TEETH.
One vol. royal 12mo., extra cloth, with numerous
illustrations.  (Just Issued.)  $1 25. 
AND SCIENTIFIC  PUBLICATIONS.
25
                                      (Now Complete.)

             PEREIRA (JONATHAN), M. D., F. R. S., AND L. S.

THE   ELEMENTS  OF  MATERIA   MEDICA  AND  THERAPEUTICS.
  Third American edition, enlarged and improved  by the author;  including Notices  of most of the
  Medicinal Substances in use in the civilized world, and forming an Encyclopaedia  of Materia
 -Medica.  Edited, with Additions, by Joseph Carson, M. D., Prote-sor of Materia Medica  and
  Pharmacy in the University of Pennsylvania.  In two very large octavo volumes of 2100 pages,
  on small type, with about  500 illustrations on stone and wood, strongly bound in leather with
  raised bands.  $9 00.

  Gentlemen who have the first volume are recommended to complete their copies  without delay.
The first volume will no longer be sold separate.   Price of Vol. II. $5 00.
  When we remember that Philology, Natural His-
tory, Botany, Chemistry, Physics, and  the Micro-
scope, are all brought forward to elucidate the sub-
ject, one cannot fail to see that the reader has here
a work worthy of the name of an encyclopaedia of
Materia Medica.  Our own opinion of its merits is
that of its editors, and also that of the whole profes-
sion, both of this and foreign countries—namely,
" that  in copiousness of details, in extent, variety,
and accuracy of information, and in lucid explana-
tion of  difficult and recondite subjects, it surpasses
all  other works on Materia Medica hitherto pub-
lished." We cannot close this notice without allud-
ing to the special additions of the American editor,
which  pertain  to the prominent vegetable produc-
tions of this country, and to the directions of the
United  States Pharmacopoeia, in connection with all
the articles contained in the volume which are re-
ferred toby it. The illustrations have been increased,
and this edition by Dr.  Carson cannot well be re-
garded  in any  other light than that of a treasure
which Bliould be found in the library of every physi-
cian.—New York Journal of Medical and Collateral
Science.
  The third edition of his "Elements of Materia
Medica, although completed under the supervision of
others, is by far  the most elaborate treatise in the
English language, and will, while medical literature
is cherished, continue  a monument alike honorable
to his  genius, as to his  learning and industry.—
American Journal of Pharmacy.
  The work, in  its present shape, forms the  most
comprehensive  and  complete treatise  on  materia
medica  extant  in  the English language. — Dr.
Pereira has been at great pains to introduce into
his work, not  only all  the information on the
natural, chemical, and commercial history of medi-
cines, which might be serviceable to the physician
and surgeon, but whatever might enable his read-
ers to understand thoroughly the mode of prepar-
ing and manufacturing various articles employed
either for preparing medicines, or for  certain  pur-
poses in the arts connected with  materia medica
and the practice of medicine.  The accounts of the
physiological and therapeutic effects of remedies are
given with great clearness and accuracy, and in a
manner calculated to interest as well as instract the
reader.—Edinburgh Medical and Surgical Journal.
                              PEASLEE (E.  R.), M. D.,
          Professor of Physiology and General Pathology in the New York Medical College.

HUMAN HISTOLOGY, in its relations to Anatomy, Physiology, and Pathology;
  for the use of Medical Students.   With four hundred and thirty-four illustrations.  In one hand-
  some octavo volume, of over 600 pages.  (Now Ready.)  $3 75.
  The rapid advances made of late years in our knowledge of the  structure and functions of the
elements which constitute the human body, have rendered the subject  of Histology of the highest
importance  to all who regard medicine as a science.  At the  same time, the vast body of facts
coveted by Physiology has caused  our  text-books on that subject  to  be  necessarily restricted ill
their treatment of the portions devoted to Histology.  A  want has, therefore, arisen of a work de-
voted especially to the minute anatomy of the body, giving a complete and detailed account ofthe
structure of the various tissues, as well as  the solids and fluids, in all the diilerent organs—their
functions in health, and their  changes in disease.  In undertaking this task, tbe author has endea-
vored to present  his extensive subject in the manner most likely to interest and benefit the physician,
confident that in these details will be found the basis of true medical science.   The very large
number of illustrations introduced throughout, serves  amply to elucidate the text, while the typo-
graphy of the volume will in  every respect be found of the handsomest description.
                         PIRRIE (WILLIAM),  F. R. S. E.,
                       Professor of Surgery in the University of Aberdeen.

THE  PRINCIPLES  AND  PRACTICE  OF SURGERY.   Edited by John
  Neill M. D., Professor of Surgery in the Penna. Medical College, Surgeon to the Pennsylvania
  Hospital, &c.' In one very handsome octavo volume, leather, of 780 pages, with 316 illustrations.
  $3 75.
  We know of no other surgical work of a reason-
able size, wherein there is so much theory and prac-
tice, or where subjects are more soundly or clearly
taught.—The Stethoscope.

  There is scarcely a disease of the  bones or  soft
parts, fracture, or dislocation, that is not illustrated
by accurate wood-engravings.   Then, again, every
instrument employed by the surgeon is thus repre-
sented.  These engravings are not only correct, but
really beautiful, showing the astonishing degree of
perfection to which the art of wood-engraving has


                               PARKER (LANGSTON),
                         Surgeon to the Queen's Hospital, Birmingham.

THE  MODERN  TREATMENT  OF SYPHILITIC DISEASES, BOTH PRI-
  MARY AND SECONDARY; comprising the Treatment of Constitutional andConnrmed Syphi-
  v  h. » sife and successful method.   With numerous Cases, Formulae, and Clinical Observa-
  tions   From the Third and entirely rewritten  London  edition.  In one neat octavo volume,
  extra cloth, of 316 pages.  $175.
arrived. Prof. Pirrie, in the work before us, has
elaborately discussed the principles of surgery, and
a safe and effectual practice predicated upon them.
Perhaps no work upon this subject heretofore issued
is so full upon the science of the art of surgery.—
Nashville Journal of Medicine and Surgery.
  One of the best treatises on surgery in the English
language.—Canada Med. Journal.
  Our impression is, that, as a manual for students,
Pirrie's is the best work extant.— Western Med. and
Surg. Journal. 
'26
BLANCHARD  &  LEA'S  MEDICAL
                                PARRISH  (EDWARD),
  Lecturer on Practical Pharmacy and Materia Medic-a in the Pennsylvania Academy of Medicine, A-c.
AN INTRODUCTION  TO PRACTICAL PHARMACY.   Designed as a Text-
  Book for the Student, and as a Guide for  the Physician  and Pharmaceutist.   With many For-
  mulae and Prescriptions.  In one handsome octavo volume, extra cloth, of 550 pages, with 2A3
  Illustrations. $2 75.
  A careful examination of this work enables us to, Medica;  it familiarizes him with the compounding
speak of it in  the highest  terms, as being the best
treatise on practical pharmacy with which we are
acquainted, and an invaluable vade-mecum, not only
to the apothecary and to those practitioners who are
accustomed to prepare  their own medicines, but to
every medical man and  medical student.  Through-
out the work are interspersed valuable tables, useful
formula?, and practical  hints, and the whole is illus-
trated by a large number of excellent wood-engrav-
ings.—Boston Med. and Surg. Journal.
  This is altogether one of the most useful books we
have seen.  It is just what we have long felt to be
needed  by apothecaries, students, and practitioners
of medicine, most of whom in this country have to
put up their own prescriptions.  It bears, upon every
page, the impress of practical knowledge, conveyed
in a plain common sense manner, and adapted to the
comprehension of all who may  read it.  No detail
has been  omitted, however trivial it may seem, al-
though really important to the dispenser of medicine.
—Southern Med. and Surg. Journal.
  To both the country practitioner and the city apo-
thecary this work of Mr. Parrish is a godsend. A
carefui study of  its contents will give  the young
graduate a familiarity  with the value and mode of
administering his preset iptions, which will be of as
much use to  his patient as to  himself.— Va. Med.
Journal.
  Mr. Parrish has rendered a very acceptable service
to the practitioner and student,  by furnishing this
book, which contains the leading facts and principles
of the science of Pharmacy, conveniently arranged
for study, and with special reference to those features
of the subject which possess an especial practical in-
terest to the physician.  It furnishes the student, at
the commencement of  his studies, with that infor-
mation which is of the greatest importance in ini-
tiating him into the domain of Chemistry and Materia
of drugs, and supplies those tninutia? which but few
practitioners can impart.  The  junior practitioner
will, also, find this volume replete with instruction.
—Charleston Med. Journal and  Review, Max. lK>(i.
  There is no useful information in the details of the
apothecary's or country physician's office conducted
according to science  that is omitted. The young
physician will find it an encyclopedia of indispensa-
ble medical  knowledge, from the purchase  of a spa-
tula to the  compounding  of the most learned  pre-
scriptions.  The woikis by theablest pharmaceutist
in the United States, and must  meet  with an im-
mense sale.—Nashville Journal  of Medicine, April,
It-oil.
  We are glad  to receive  this excellent work.  It
will supply a want long felt by  the profession, nnd
especially by  the  student of Pharmacy.  A  large
majority of physicians are obliged  to compound
their  own medicines, and to them a work of this
kind is indispensable.—N. O. Medical and Surgical
Journal.
  We cannot say but that this volume is one of the
most welcome and appropriate which  has for a long
time been issued from the press.   It is a work which
we doubt not will at once secure an extensive cir-
culation, as it is designed not only for the druggist
and pharmaceutist, but also for the great body  of
practitioners throughout the country, who not only
have to prescribe medicines, but in the majority of
instances have to rely upon their own resources—
whatever these may be—not only to compound, but
also to manufacture  the remedies they are called
upon  to administer.   The author has not  mistaken
the idea in  writing this volume, as it isalike useful
and invaluable to those engaged in the active pur-
suits of the  profession, and to those preparing to en-
ter upon the field of professional labors.—American
Lancet, March 24,  1850.
                                 RICORD (P.),  M. D.,
A TREATISE  ON THE VENEREAL  DISEASE.   By John Hunter, F. R. S.
  With copious Additions, by Ph. Ricord, M. D.  Edited, with Notes, by Freeman J. Bumstead,
  M. D.  In one handsome octavo volume, extra cloth, of 520 pages, with plates.  $3 25.
                                               secretaries, sometimes accredited and sometimes not.
  Every one will  recognize the attractiveness and
value which this work derives from thus presenting
the opinions of these two masters side by side.  But,
it must be admitted, what has made the fortune of
the book, is the fact that it contains the  "most com-
plete embodiment of the veritable doctrines of Ihe
HOpital du Midi," which has ever been made public
  In the notes to Hunter, the master substitutes him-
self for his interpreters, and gives hisoriginal thoughts
to the world in a lucid and perfectly intelligible man-
ner.  In conclusion we can say that this is incon-
testable- the best treatise on syphilis with which we
are aequainted, and, as we do not often employ the
The doctrinal ideas of M. Ricord, ideas which, if not  phrase, we may be excused for expressing the hope
universally adopted, are ineontestably dominant, have  that it may find a place in Ihe library of every phy-
heretoforeonly been interpreted by more or less skilful j sician.— Virginia Med  and Surg. Journal.

                                   BY THE SAME  AUTHOR.
ILLUSTRATIONS OF SYPHILITIC DISEASE.
  Translated by Thomas  F. Betton, M. 1).  With
  fifty  large quarto colored plates. In one large
  quarto volume, extra cloth.  $15 00.
LETTERS ON SYPHILIS, addressed to the Chiel
  Editor of the Union Medicale.  Translated by \V.
  P.  Lattimore, M. D.  In one neat octavo  vol-
  ume, of 270 pages, extra cloth.  $2 00.
                             RIGBY  (EDWARD), M.D.,
                     Senior Physician to the General Lying-in Hospital, &c.
A  SYSTEM  OF  MIDWIFERY.   With  Notes and  Additional  Illustrations.
  Second American Edition.   One volume octavo, extra cloth, 422 pages.  $2 50.
                         by the same author.  (Now Ready, 1857.)
ON  THE   CONSTITUTIONAL  TREATMENT  OF  FEMALE  DISEASES.
  In one neat royal 12mo. volume, extra cloth, of about 250 pages.  $1 00.
  The aim of the aulhor has been throughout to present sound practical views of the important
subjects under consideration ; and without entering into theoretical disputations and disquisitions to
embody the results of his long and extended  experience in such a condensed form  as would be
easily accessible to the practitioner.
ROYLE'S  MATERIA  MEDICA   AND  THERAPEUTICS;  including  the
  Preparations ofthe  Pharmacopoeias of London, Edinburgh, Dublin, and  of the United  States.
  With many new medicines.   Edited by Joseph Carson, M. D.  With ninety-eight illustrations.
  In one large octavo volume, extra cloth, of about 700 pages.  $3  00. 
AND SCIENTIFIC  PUBLICATIONS.                    27
                      RAMSBOTHAM  (FRANCIS H.),  M.D.
THE PRINCIPLES  AND PRACTICE  OF  OBSTETRIC  MEDICINE AND
  SURGERY, in reference to the Process of Parturition.  A new and enlarged edition, thoroughly
  revised by the Author.   With Additions by W. V. Keating, M. D.  In one large and handsome
  imperial octavo volume,  of 650 pages, strongly bound in leather, with raised bands; with sixty-
  four beautiful  Plates, and numerous Wood-cuts in the  text, containing in all nearly two hundred
  large and beautiful figures. (Lately Issued, 185'j.) $>5 00.
  In calling the attention of the profession to the new edition of this standard work, the publishers
would remark that no efforts have been spared to secure for it a continuance  and extension  of the
remarkable favor with which it has been received.   The last London is-»ue, which was considera-
bly enlarged, has received  a further revision from the author, especially for this country.  Its pas-
sage through the press  here has been supervised by Dr. Keating, who has made numerous  addi-
tions with a view of presenting more fully whatever was necessary to  adapt it thoroughly to
American modes of practice.  In its mechanical execution, a like superiority over former editions
will be found.
                            From Prof. Hodge, of the University of Pa.
  To the American public, it is  most valuable, from its intrinsic  undoubted excellence, and as being
the best authorized exponent of British Midwifery. Its circulation will, I trust, be extensive throughout
our country.
  The publishers have shown their appreciation of
the merits of this work  and secured its success by
the truly elegant style in which they have brought
it out, excelling themselves in its production, espe-
cially in its plates.  It is dedicated to Prof. Meigs,
and  has the emphatic endorsement of Prof. Hodge,
as the best exponent of British Midwifery.  We
know of no text-book which deserves in all respects
to be more highly recommended to students, and we
could wish to see it in the hands of every practitioner,
for they will find it invaluable for reference.—Med.
Gazette.
  But once in a long time some brilliant genius rears
his head above  the  horizon of science, and illumi-
nates and purifies every department that he investi-
gates ; and his works  become types, by which innu-
merable imitators model their feeble  productions.
Such a genius we find in the younger Ramsbotham,
and such a type we find in the work now before us.
The binding, paper, type, the engravings and wood-
cuts are all so excellent as to make this book one of
the finest specimens of the art of printing that have
given such a world-wide reputation to its enter-
prising and liberal publishers.  We welcome Rams-
bo tham's Principles and Practice of Obstetric Medi-
cine and Surgery to our library, and  confidently
recommend it to our readers, with  the assurance
that it will not  disappoint their most sanguine ex-
pectations.— Western La n ret.
  It is unnecessary to say anything in regard to the
utility of this work.  It is already appreciated in our
country  for the value of the matter, the clearness of
its style, and the fulness of its illustrations. To the
physician's library it is indispensable, while to the
student  as a text-book, from which  to  extract the
material for laying the foundation of an education on
obstetrical  science, it has no superior.—Ohio Med.
and Surg. Journal.

  We will only add that the student will learn from
it all he  need to know, and the practitioner will find
it, as a book of reference, surpassed by none other.—
Stethoscope.
  The character and merits of Dr. Ramsbotham's
work are so well known and thoroughly established,
that comment is unnecessary and praise superfluous.
The illustrations, which are numerous and accurate.,
are executed in the highest style of art.  We cannot
too highly recommend the work to our readers.—St.
Louis Med. and Surg. Journal.
                          ROKITANSKY  (CARD,  M.D.,
     Curator of the Imperial Pathological Museum, and Professor at  the University of Vienna, &c.
A  MANUAL  OF  PATHOLOGICAL  ANATOMY.   Four  volumes,  octavo,
  bound in two, extra cloth, of about 1200 pages.  Translated by W. E. Swaine, Edward Sieve-
  king, C. H. Moore, and G. Iv Day.   (Just Issued.)  $-5 50
To render this large and important work more easy of reference, and at the same time less cum-
  brous and costly, the four volumes have been arranged in two, retaining, however, the separate
  paging, \-c.
  The publishers feel much pleasure in presenting to the profession of the United States the great
work of Prof. Rokitansky, which is universally referred to as the standard of authority by the pa-
thologists of all nations.  Under the auspices of the  Sydenham Society of London, the combined
laborVf four translators has at length overcome the almost insuperable difficulties which have so
lon°- prevented  the appearance of the work in an English dress.  To a work so widely known,
euloo-y is unnecessary, and the publishers would merely state that it is said to confain the  results
of not less than thirty thousand post-mortem examinations made by the author, diligently com-
pared, generalized, and wrought into one complete and harmonious system.
  The profession is too well acquainted with the re- | so charged his text with valuable truths, that any
nutation of Rokitansky's work to need our assur
ance that this is one of the most profound, thorough,
and valuable  books  ever issued from the medical
press.  It is sui generis, and has no standard of com-
parison.  It is only necessary to announce that it is
issued in a form as cheap as is compatible with its
size and  preservation, and  its sale  follows as a
matter of course. No library can be called com-
plete without it.—Bujfalo Med. Journal.
 ittempt of a reviewer to epitomize is at once para-
lyzed, and must end in a failure.—Western Lancet.
  As this is the highest  source of knowledge upon
the important  subject of which it treats, no real
student can afford to be without it. The American
publishers have entitled  themselves to the thanks of
the profession of their country, for this timeous and
beautiful edition.—Nashville Journal of Medicine,.
  As a book of reference, therefore, this work must
prove of inestimable value, and we cannot too highly
recommend  it  to the profession.— Charleston Med.
Journal and Review, Jan. 1->jG.
  This  book is a necessity to every practitioner.—
  An attempt, to give our readers any adequate idea
of the vast amount of instruction accumulated in
these volumes, would be  feeble and hopeless.  The
effort  of the distinguished author to concentrate
in a small space his great fund of knowledge, has I Am. Med. Monthly.

                       SCHOEDLER  (FRIEDRICH),  PH.D.,
                         Professor ofthe Natural Sciences at Worms, &c.

THE  BOOK  OF  NATURE;  an  Elementary  Introduction  to the  Sciences cf
   PIivmc-  A-tronomv,  Chemistry, Mineralogy, Geology, Botany, Zoology, and Physiolnc-y.   First
  American edition, "with a Glossary and other  Additions and Improvements; from  the second
  F dish edition   Translated from the sixth German edition, by Henry Medlock, F. O. S., &c.
  [a one volume, small octavo, extra cloth, pp. 092, with 670 illustration^.  $1 bO. 
2S
BLANCHARD  & LEA'S  MEDICAL
                            SMITH  (HENRY  H.),  M.D.,
                    Professor of Surgery in the University of Pennsylvania, &c

MINOR  SURGERY;  or, Hints on the  Every-dny Duties of the  Surgeon.   Ulus
  trated by two hundred and forty-seven  illustrations.  Third and enlarged edition.  In one hand
  some royal 12mo. volume,   pp. 456.  In leather, $2 25; extra cloth, $-2- 00.
  And a capital little book it is.  . . Minor Surgery,
we  repeat, is really Major  Surgery, and anything
which teaches it is worth having.  So we cordially
-Med.
  A work such as the present is  therefore highly
useful to the student, and we  commend this one
to their attention.—American Journal of Medical
Sciences.
recommend this little book of Or. Smith's
Chir. Review.
  This beautiful little work has been compiled with
a view to the wants of the profession in the matter
of bandaging, &c, and well and ably has the author
performed his  labors.  Well adapted  to give the
requisite  information on  the subjects  of which it
treats.—Medical Examiner.
  The directions are plain, and illustrated through-
out with clear engravings.—London Lancet.
  One of the best works they can consult on the
subject of which it treats.—Southern Journal of
Medicine  and Pharmacy.
                                BY THE SAME AUTHOR, AND

                         HORNER (WILLIAM E.), M.D.,
                   Late Professor of Anatomy in the University of Pennsylvania.

AN  ANATOMICAL  ATLAS, illustrative of the Structure of the Human Body.
  In one volume, large imperial octavo, extra cloth, with about six hundred  and fifty beautiful
  figures.  $3 00.
  No operator, however eminent, need hesitate to
consult this unpretending yet excellent book. Those
who are young in the business would find Dr. Smith's
treatise a  necessary companion,  after once under-
standing its true character.—Boston Med. and Surg.
Journal.

  No young practitioner should be without this little
volume; and we venture to assert, that it maybe
consulted by the senior members of  the profession
with more real benefit, than  the more voluminous
works.— Western Lancet.
  These figures are well selected, and  present a
complete and  accurate representation of  that won-
derful fabric, the human body.  The plan of  this
Atlas, which renders it  so  peculiarly convenient
for the student, and  its superb artisticai execution,
have been already pointed out.  We must congratu-
late the student upon the completion of this Atlas,
as it is the most convenient work of the kind that
has yet appeared ; and we must add, the very beau-
tiful manner in which it is " got up" is so creditable
to the country as to be flattering to our national
pride.—American Medical Journal.
                             SARGENT (F.  W.),  M. D.
ON BANDAGING  AND OTHER OPERATIONS  OF MINOR SURGERY.
  Second edition, enlarged.  One handsome royal 12mo. vol., of nearly 400 pages, with 182 wood-
  cuts.  Extra cloth, $1 40; leather, $1 50.
  This very useful little work has long been a favor-
ite with practitioners and students.  The recent call
for a new edition has induced its author  to make
numerous important additions. A slight alteration
in the size of the page has enabled hira to introduce
the new matter, to the extent of some fifty  pages of
the former edition, at the same time that his volume
is rendered still more compact than its less  compre-
hensive predecessor.  A double gain in thus effected,
which, in a  vade-mecum of this kind, is a  material
improvement.—Am. Medical Journal.

  Sargent's  Minor Surgery has always been popular,
and deservedly so. It furnishes that knowledge of the
most frequently requisite performances of  surgical
art which cannot be entirely understood by attend-
ing clinical  lectures.  The art of bandaging, which
is regularly taught in Europe, is very frequently
overlooked by teachers in this country; the student
and junior practitioner, therefore, may often require
that knowledge which this little volume so tersely
and happily supplies.  It is neatly printed and copi-
ously illustrated by the enterprising publishers, and
should be possessed by all who desire to be thorough-
ly conversant with the details of this branch of our
art.—Charleston Med. Journ. and Review, March,
1856.•
  A work that has been so long and favorably known
to the profession as Dr. Sargent's Minor Surgery,
needs no commendation from us.  We would remark,
however, in this connection, that minor surgery sel-
dom gets that attention  in our schools that its im-
portance deserves.  Our larger works are also very
defective in  their teaching on these small practical
points.   This little book will supply the void which
all must feel who have not studied its pages.— West-
ern Lancet, March,  1856.
  We confess our indebtedness to this little volume
on many occasions, and  can warmly recommend it
to our readers, as it is not above the consideration
of the oldest and most experienced.—American Lan-
cet, March, 1856.
SKEY'S OPERATIVE SURGERY. In one very
  handsome octavo volume, extra cloth, of over 650
  pages, with about one hundred wood-cuts.  $3 '25.
STANLEY'S TREATISE  ON  DISEASES OP
  THE BONES. In one volume, octavo, extra cloth,
  '2n6 pages.  $1 50.
SOLLY ON THE HUMAN BRAIN; its Structure,
  Physiology, and Diseases.  From the Second and
  much  enlarged London  edition.  In one octavo
  volume, extra cloth, of 500 pages, with 120 wood-
  cuts.  $'2 00.

SIMON'S  GENERAL PATHOLOGY, as conduc-
  ive to the  Establishment of Rational Principles
  for the prevention  and Cure of Disease.  In one
  neat octavo  volume,  extra cloth, of 212 pages.
  $1 25.                                   6
                             STILLE  (ALFRED), M.D.
PRINCIPLES   OF   GENERAL   AND   SPECIAL  THERAPEUTICS
  handsome octavo.  (Preparing.)
In
                            SIBSON (FRANCIS),  M.D.,
                               Physician to St. Mary's Hospital.

MEDICAL ANATOMY.   Illustrating the Form, Structure, and Position of the
  Internal Organs  in Health  and Disease.  In large imperial quarto, with splendid colored plates.
  To match "Maclise's Surgical Anatomy."   Part I.  (Preparing.) 
AND  SCIENTIFIC  PUBLICATIONS.
29
       SHARPEY  (WILLIAM), M.D.,  JONES  QUAIN,  M  D   AND
                        RICHARD QUAIN,  F. R.S., &c.         "'
HUMAN  ANATOMY.   Revised, with Notes and Additions, by Joseph I tidy
  M  D., Professor of Anatomy in the University of Pennsylvania.  Compkte in two large o'c.avo
  volumes, lealher, of about thirteen hundred pages.  Beautifully illustrated with over five hundred
  engravings on wood.  $6 00
  It is indeed a work  calculated to make an era in
anatomical study,  by placing before  the  student
every  department of  his science,  with a view to
the  relative importance of each ;  and so skilfully
have the different parts been interwoven,  that no
one who makes this work the basis of his  studies,
will hereafter have any excuse for neglecting or
undervaluing any important  particulars connected
with  the  structure  of the human frame;  and
whether the bias of his mind lead him  in a more
he will find  here a work at once so comprehensive
and practical as to defend him  from exclusiveness
on the one  hand, and  pedantry  on  the  other —
Journal and Retrospect of the Medical Sciences.
  We have no hesitation in recommending this trea-
tise on anatomy as the most complete on that sub-
ject in the English language;  and the only one,
perhaps, in  any language, which brings the state
of knowledge forward to  the  most recent  disco-
especial manner to surgery, physic, or physiology,  veries—The Edinburgh Med. and Surg. Journal.
                           SMITH (W. TYLER), M. D.,
                       Physician Accoucheur to St. Mary's Hospital, &c.
ON  PARTURITION,   AND   THE  PRINCIPLES  AND  PRACTICE  OF
                  In one royal 12mo. volume, extra cloth, of 400 pages.   SI 25.
OBSTETRICS.
BY THE SAME AUTHOR.
A PRACTICAL TREATISE ON THE PATHOLOGY  AND  TREATMENT
  OF  LEUCORRbKEA.  With numerous illustrations.  In  one very handsome  octavo volume,
  extra cloth, of about 250 pages.  $ 1 50.
  We hail the appearance of this practical and invaluable work, therefore, as a real acquisition to our
medical literature.—Medical Gazette.
                    TAYLOR (ALFRED S.), M. D.,  F. R. S.,
               Lecturer on .Medical Jurisprudence and Chemistry in Guy's Hospital.

MEDICAL JURISPRUDENCE.   Fourth American, from the fifth improved and
  enlarged English  Edition.  With Noles and References  to American Decisions,  by Edward
  Hartshorne, M. D.   In one large octavo volume,  leather, of over seven hundred pa<*es   tJust
  Issued, 1S56.)   $3 00.                                                               v
  This standard work has lately received a very thorough revision at the hands ofthe  author, who
has introduced whatever was necessary to render it complete and satisfactory in  carrying out the
objects in view.   The editor has likewise used  every exertion to make it equally thorough with
regard to all matters relating to the practice of this country.  In doing this, he has carefully ex-
amined all that has appeared on the subject since the publication ofthe last edition, and  has incorpo-
rated all the new information thus presented.  The work has thus been considerably  increased in
size, notwithstanding which, it has been kept at its former very moderate price, and in every respect
il will be found worthy of a continuance of the  remarkable favor which has carried it through so
many editions on both sides of the Atlantic.  A few notices of the former editions are appended.
                                              most attractive books that we  have met with ; sup-
                                              plying so  much both to interest and instruct, that
                                              we do not hesitate to affirm  that after having once
                                              commenced its perusal, few could be prevailed upon
                                              to desist before completing it.  In  the last London
                                              edition, all the  newly observed and accurately re-
                                              corded facts have been inserted, including much that
                                              is recent of Chemical, Microscopical, and Patholo-
                                              gical research, besides papers on numerous subjects
                                              never before pnblishetl.-Charleston Medical Journal
                                              and Review.
  We know of no work on Medical Jurisprudence
which contains in the same space anything like the
same amount of valuable matter.—iV. Y. Journal of
Medicine.
  No work  upon the  subject can be put into the
hands of students either of law or medicine which
will engage them more closely or profitably ; and
none could  be  offered  to the busy practitioner of
either calling, for the purpose of casual or hasty
reference, that would be more likely toafford the aid
desired.  We therefore recommend it as the best and
safest manual for daily use.—American Journal of
Mttliral Sciences.
  So well is this work known to the members both
of the medical and legal professions, and so highly
is it appreciated by them, that it cannot be necessary
for us to say a word in its commendation ; its having
already reached a fourth edition being the best pos-
sible  testimony in  its favor.  The author  has ob-
viously subjected the entire work to a very careful
revision.—Brit, and Foreign Med. Cliirurg. Review.
  This work of Dr. Taylor's is generally acknow-
ledged to be one of the ablest extant on the subject
  It is not excess of praise to say that the volume
before us is the very best treatise extant on Medical
Jurisprudence.  In saying this, we do not wish to
be understood as detracting from the  merits  of the
excellent works  of Beck, Ryan, Traill,  Guy, and
others; but in interest and value we think it must
be conceded that Taylor is superior to  anything that
has preceded it.  The author is already well known
to the profession by his valuable treatise on Poisons;
and the present volume will  add materially  to his
high  reputation for accurate  and extensive know-
ledge and d'scriminating judgment.—N. W. Medical
and Surgical Journal.
of inedical jurisprudence,  ft is certainly one of the
                                  BY THE  SAME AUTHOR.

ON POISONS, IN  RELATION  TO  MEDICAL  JURISPRUDENCE  AND
  iMICDICINE.  Edited, with Noles and Additions, by R. E. Griffith, M. D.  In one large octavo
  volume, leather, of 688 pages.   S3 00

                      TODD  (R.  B.),  M. D., F.  R. S.,  &c.
CLINICAL  LECTURES  ON  CERTAIN  DISEASES  OF  THE  URINARY
  ORGANS AND ON DROPSIES.  In one  octavo volume.   (ISow Ready, 1857.)  SI 50
  The  valuable practical nature of Dr. Todd's writings  have deservedly rendered  them favorites
with the pro ession, and the present volume, embodying the medical aspects of a class of diseases
not elsewhere to be found similarly treated, can hardly fail to supply a want long felt by the prac-
titioner 
30
BLANCHARD  &  LEA'S  MEDICAL
                            Now Complete (April, 1857.)
                 TODD (ROBERT BENTLEY), M. D.,  F. R. S.,
                     Professor of Physiology in King's College, London; and
                         WILLIAM BOWMAN, F. R. S.,
                      Demonstrator of Anatomy in King's College, London.

THE  PHYSIOLOGICAL ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF  MAN.
W
  about three hundred large and beautiful illustrations on wood.  Complete in  one large octavo
  volume, of 950 pages, leather.  Price S-l 50.
  The very great delay which has occurred in the completion of this work has arisen from the de-
sire of the authors to verify by their own examination the various questions and statements pre-
sented, thus  rendering the work one of peculiar value and authority.   J>y the wideness of its  scope
and the accuracy of its facts it  thus  occupies a position of its own, and becomes necessary to all
pbvsiological students.
  I5P Gentlemen who have received portions of this work,  as published in the  " Mepical News
and Library," can now complete their copies,  if immediate application be made.  It will be fur-
nished as follows, free by mail, in paper covers, with cloth backs.
  Parts I.,  II., III. (pp. 25 to 552), $2 50.
  Part IV.  (pp. 553 to end, with Title, Preface,  Contents, &c), $2 00.
  Or, Part  IV., Section II. (pp. 725 to end, with Title, Preface, Contents, <.Vc), $1 25.
  In the present part (third) some of the most diffi-
cult subjects in Anatomy and Physiology are handled
in the  most masterly manner. Its authors  have
stated that this work was intended " for the use of
the student and practitioner in medicine and sur-
gery," and we can recommend it to both, confident
that it is  the most perfect work of its  kind.   We
cannot conclude without strongly recommending the
present work to all classes of our readers, recogniz-
ing talent and depth of research in every page, and
believing, as we do, that the diffusion of such know-
ledge will certainly tend to elevate the  sciences of
Medicine and Surgery.—Dublin Quarterly Journal
of Medical Sciences.
                             TANNER  (T.  H.),  M. D.,
                          Phvsician to the Hospital for Women, &c.

A MANUAL  OF CLINICAL  MEDICINE  AND PHYSICAL DIAGNOSIS.
  To  which  is added The Code of Ethics  of  the  American  Medical Association.   Second
  American Edition.  In  one  neat volume, small 12nio.  Price in extra cloth, 87j cents;  flexible
  style, for the pocket, 80 cents.
  Dr. Tanner has, in a happy and successful manner,
indicated  the leading particulars to which, in the
clinical study of a case of disease, the attention of
the physician is to be directed, the value and import
ofthe various abnormal phenomena detected, and the
several instrumental  and accessory means which
may be called into requisition to facilitate diagnosis
and increase its certainty.—Am. Journal of Med.
Sciences.
  The work is an honor to its writer, and must ob-
tain a  wide circulation by its intrinsic merit alone.
Suited alike  to the wants of students and practi-
tioners, it has only  to be seen, to win for itself a
place upon the shelves of every medical library.
Nor will it be " shelved" long at a time; if we mis-
take not, it will be  found, in the best sense of the
homely but expressive word, " handy."   The Btyle
is admirably clear, while it is so sententious as not
to burden the memory. The arrangement is, to our
mind,  unexceptionable.   The  work, in short, de-
serves the heartiest commendation.—Boston Med.
and Surg. Journal.
                       WATSON  (THOMAS),  M.D., &c.

LECTURES  ON  THE  PRINCIPLES  AND   PRACTICE  OF  PHYSIC.
  Thjrd American edition, revised, with  Additions, by  D. Francis  Condie, M.D., author of a
                                             In one  octavo volume, of nearly eleven hundred
                                             $3 25.

                                               Confessedly one of the very best works on the
                                             principles and practice of physic in the English or
                                             any other language.—Med. Examiner.
                                               Asatext-book it has noequal; as a compendium
                                             of pathology and practice no superior.—New York
                                             Annalist.
                                               We know of no work better calculated for being
                                             placed  in the hands of the student, and for a text-
                                             book;  on every important point the author seems
                                             to have posted  up his  knowledge to  the day.—
                                             Atner. Med. Journal.
                                               One  of the most practically useful  books  that
                                             ever was presented to the student. —  N. Y. Med.
                                             Journal.
  "Treatise on the Diseases of Children," &c
  large pages, strongly bound with raised bands.
  To say that it is the very best work on the sub-
ject now extant, is but to echo the sentiment of the
medical  press  throughout the country. — N.  O.
Medical Journal.

  Of the text-books recently republished Watson is
very justly the principal favorite.—Holmes's Rep.
to Nat. Med.  Assoc.

  By universal consent  the work ranks among the
very best text-books in our  language.—Illinois and
Indiana Med. Journal.

  Regarded on all hands as one of the very best, if
not the very  best, systematic treatise on practical
medicine extant.—St. Louis Med. Journal.
WHITEHEAD ON THE CAUSES AND TREAT-I WALSHE  ON  DISEASES OF THE HEART,
  MENT OF ABORTION  ASD STERILITY. |   LUNGS,  AND  APPENDAGES; their  S\ mp-
  Second American Edition.  In one volume, octa- I   toms and Treatment.  In one handsome volume,
  vo, extra cloth, pp. 308. $1  75.               |   extra cloth, large royal 12mo., 512 pages.  $1 50.

                               WHAT  TO  OBSERVE
AT  THE  BEDSIDE  AND  AFTER  DEATH,  IN  MEDICAL  CASES.
  Published under the authority of the London Society for Medical Observation.  A new American,
  from the second and revised London edition.  In one very handsome volume, royal 12mo., extra
  cloth.  $1 00.
  To the observer who prefers accuracy to blunders
and precision to carelessness, this little book is in-
valuable.—N. H. Journal of Medicine.
  One of the finest aids to a young practitioner we
have ever seen.—Peninsular Journal of Medicin*. 
AINU  auir-iNiirnj  PUBLICATIONS
31
                     WILSON  (ERASMUS),  M.D.,  F. R. S.,
                                Lecturer on Anatomy, London.

A SYSTEM OF  HUMAN  ANATOMY,  General and Special.   Fourth  Ameri-
  can, from the last English edition.  Edited by Paul B. Goddard, A. JVL,  M. D.  With two hun-
  dred  and fifty illustrations.   Beautifully printed, in one large octavo volume, leather, of nearly
  bix hundred pages.  $3 00.

  In many, if not all the Colleges of the Union, it .   It offers to the student all the assistance that can
has become a standard text-book.  This, of itself,  be expectedfrom such a work.—Medical Examiner
is sufficiently expressive of its value.  A work very    Thfmn.tM,mi.t..,,j  ,„
desirable  to  the student;  one, the  possession  of'I . iKS    4» convenient manual for the
which will greatly  facilitate  his progress in  the | £f™\ WB f°!Se,s-^1M Journal of Medial
study of Practical Anatomy.—New York Journal of \    '
Metlirtru.                                        In, every  respect,  this  work as  an  anatomical
                                              guide for the student  and  practitioner, merits our
  Its author ranks with the highest on Anatomy.— warmestand most decided praise.—London Medical
Southern Medical and Surgical Journal.          I Gazette.

                           BY THE SAME AUTHOR.  (Just  Issued.)

THE  DISSECTOR'S MANUAL;  or, Practical and Surgical Anatomy.   Third
  American, from  the last revised and  enlarged English edition.  Modified and  rearranged, by
  William Hunt, M. D., Demonstrator  of Anatomy in the  University of  Pennsylvania. In one
  large and handsome royal 12mo. volume, leather, of 5S2 pages, with 104  illustrations.   $2  00.
  The modifications and additions which  this work  has received in passing recently through the
author's hands, is  sufficiently indicated by the fact  that it is enlarged  by  more than one hundied
pages, notwithstanding that it is printed in smaller type, and with a greatly enlarged page.

  It remains only to add, that after a careful exami- I ing very superior claims, well calculated to facilitate
nation, we have no hesitation in recommending this | their studies, and rentier their labor less irksome by
work  to the notice of those for whom it has been I constantly keeping before  them definite objects'  of
expressly written—the students—as a guide possess- |  interest.—The Lancet.
                    by the  same author.   (Now Ready,  May, 1857.)

 ON  DISEASES OF THE SKIN.   Fourth and enlarged  American,  from  the last
   and improved London edition.  In one  large octavo volume, of (350 pages, extra cloth, $2 75.
   This volume in passing for the fourth time through the hands of the author, has received a care-
 ful revision, and has been greatly enlarged and improved.  About one hundred and fifty pages have
 been added, including  new chapters on  Classification, on General Pathology,  on General Theiit-
 poiitics, on Furuncular Eruptions, and on  Diseases ofthe Nails, besides extensive additions through-
 out the lext, wherever they have  seemed desirable, either from former omissions or from Ihe -no-
 gress of science and the increased experience  ofthe author.  Appended  to the volume will al.-o
 now be found a collection of Selected Formulae, consisting for the  most part of piescripiiotis  ol
 which the author has tested the value.
   In the present edition Mr. Wilson presents us with | the mere manifestations of derangement of internal
 the results of his matured experience gained after an '• organs, is brought under  notice, and the book m-
 i-xtensivt acquaintance with the pathology and treat- [ duties a mass of information which  is spread over a
 incut of cutaneous affections; and we have  now be- i great part  of the  domain  of Medical and Surgical
 fore us not merely a reprint of his former publica-  Pathology.   We  can safely recommend it  to the
 lions,  but an entirely new arc!  rewrilten  volume, j profession ns the best work on the subject now in
 Thus, the whole history of the diseases affecting the | existence in the English  language.—London Med.
 skin, whether they originate in that structure or are  Times and  Gazette, March -J-*, ls57.
                                     ALSO, JUST READY,

 A SERIES OF PLATES  ILLUSTRATING  WILSON  ON DISEASES  OF
   THE  SKIN ; consisting of nineteen beautifully executed plates, of which twelve  are exquisitely
   colored, presenting the Normal Anatomy and Pathology of the Skin, and  containing accurate re-
   presentations of about one hundred varieties, of disease, most of them the size of nature.  Price
   in cloth $4 25.
   In beauty of drawing and accuracy and finish of  coloring  these plates will be found superior to
 anything of the kind as yet issued in this country.
   The plates by which thiseditition is accompanied i The representations of the various forms  of cutane-
 leave nothing to be desired, so far as excellence of | ous disease are singularly accurate, and the coloring
 delineation and  perfect accuracy of illustration are
 concerned.—Medico-Chirurgical Re vine.
   Of these plates it is impossible to speak too highly.
                                   BY  THE SAME AUTHOR.

 ON   CONSTITUTIONAL   AND  HEREDITARY  SYPHILIS,   AND   ON
   SYPHILITIC ERUPTIONS.  In one small octavo volume, extra cloth,  beautifully printed, with
   four exquisite colored plates, presenting more than thirty varieties of syphilitic eruptions. $2 25.
                            BY THE SAME AUTHOR.  (Just Issued.)

 HEALTHY SKIN;  A Popular  Treatise on  the  Skin  and Hair, their  Preserva-
   tion and Management.   Second American, from the fourth London edition. One neat volume,
   royal 12mo.- extra cloth, of about 300 pages, with numerous illustrations.  $1 00; paper cover,
   75 cents.________________

                                    WILDE  (W.  R.),
                   Surgeon to St. Mark's  Ophthalmic and Aural Hospital, Dublin.

AURAL  SURGERY,  AND THE  NATURE  AND  TREATMENT  OF  DIS-
   EASES OF THE EAR.   In one handsome octavo  volume, extra cloth, of 476 pages, with
   illustrations. 52 80.
  This work certainly contains more information on  the author  for his manful effort to rescue this  depart
the subject to which it is devoted than  any other  ment of surgery from the hands of the empirics wl o
with winch we are acquainted.  We feel grateful to  nearly monopolize it.—Fo. Mid. and Surg. Journal.
exceeds almost anything we have met with in point
of delicacy and finish.—British and Foreign Medical
Review. 
32        BLANCHARD  &  LEA'S  R.^.w^  x-u-J-Jio,«iio«8.
                           WEST (CHARLES),  M. D.,
Accoucheur to and Lecturer on Midwifery at St. Bartholomew's Hospital, Physician to the Hospital for
                                   Sick Children, 4.c.
LECTURES  ON  THE  DISEASES  OF  INFANCY AND  CHILDHOOD.
  Second American, from the Second and Enlarged London edition,   in one volume,  octavo,
  extra cloth, of nearly five hundred pages.  $2 00.
  We take leave of Dr. West with great respect for ligation by this able, thorough, and  finished work
his  attainments, a due  appreciation of his acute upon a subject which almost daily taxes to the ut-
powers of observation, and  a deep  sense of obi iga- most the skill ofthe general  practitioner.  He has
tion for  this  valuable contribution to our  profes- with singular felicity threaded his way through ail
sional literature.  His book is undoubtedly in many the tortuous labyrinths of the difficult subject he has
respects  the best we possess on diseases of children, undertaken to elucidate, and  has in many of the
Dublin Quarterly Journal of Medical Science.      darkest corners left a light,  which will never be
  Dr. West has placed the profession under deep ob- extinguished.—Nashville Medical Journal.
                         BY the same author.  (Nearly Ready.)

LECTURES ON  THE  DISEASES  OF WOMEN.   In two parts.
  Part  1. 8vo. cloth, of about 300 pages, comprising the Diseases of the Uterus.  $1 60.
  Part  II. (Preparing), will contain  Diseases of  the Ovaries, and of all  the parts  connected
    with the Uterus; of the Bladder, Vagina, and External Organs.
  The objoct of the author in this work is to present a complete but succinct treatise on  Female
Diseases, embodying the results of his experience during the last ten years at St. Bartholomew's
and the Midwifery Hospitals, as well as in private practice.  The characteristics which have se-
cured to his former works so favorable  a reception, cannot fail to  render the present volume  a
standard authority on its important subject.   To show  the general scope ofthe work, an outline of
the  Contents of Part I. is subjoined.
Lectures I,  II.—Introductory—Symptoms—Examination  of Symptoms—Modes  of Examina-
  tions.   Lectures III, IV., V—Disorders of Menstruation, Amenorrhcea, Menorrhagia, Dys-
  menorrhoea.  Lectures  VI, VII., VIII.—Inflammation of the Uterus, Hypertrophy, Acute
  Inflammation, Chronic Inflammation, Ulceration of the Os Uteri, Cervical Leucorrhoea.  Lectures
  IX., X., XL, XII, XIII—Misplacement of the Uterus, Prolapsus, Anteversion,  Retrover-
  sion, Inversion.  Lectures XIV., XV., XVI,  XVII.—Uterine Tumors  and Outgrowths,
  Mucous, Fibro-cellular, and Glandular Polypi, Mucous Cysts, Fibrinous Polypi, Fibrous Tumors,
  Fibrous Polypi, Fatty Tumors, Tubercular Diseases.  Lectures XVIIL, XIX., XX.—Cancer
  of the Uterus.
Part IL will receive an equally extended treatment, rendering the whole an admirable text-book
  for the student, and a reliable work for reference by the practitioner.
                           by  the same author.  (Just Issued)

AN ENQUIRY INTO THE PATHOLOGICAL IMPORTANCE OF ULCER-
 • ATION OF  THE OS UTERI.  In one neat octavo volume, extra cloth.   $1 00.
                    WILLIAMS  (C. J.  B.),  M. D.,  F. R. S.,
                Professor of Clinical Medicine in University College, London, &c.

PRINCIPLES OF  MEDICINE.   An  Elementary View  of the  Causes, Nature,
  Treatment, Diagnosis, and Prognosis of Disease; with brief remarks on Hygienics, or the pre-
  servation ofhealth.  A new American, from the third and revised London edition.  In one octavo
  volume, leather, of  about 500 pages.  $2 50.  (Now Ready, May, 1857.)
  The very recent and thorough revision which this work has enjoyed at the hands of the au-hor
has brought it so completely up to the present state ofthe subject that in reproducing it no i.ddit.ons
have been found necessary.  The success which the work has heretofore met shows that ' s im-
portance has been appreciated, and in its present form it will be found eminently worthy a continu-
ance of the same favor,  possessing as it does the strongest claims to the attention of the medical
student and practitioner, from the admirable manner in which the various inquiries in the dilferent
branches of pathology are  investigated, combined and generalized by an experienced practical phy-
sician, and directly applied to the investigation and treatment of disease.
  AVe find that the deeply-interesting matter  and
style of this book have so far fascinated us, that we
have unconsciously hung upon its pages, not too
long, indeed, for our own profit, but longer than re-
viewers can be permitted to indulge.  We leave the
further analysis to the student and practitioner. Our
judgment of the work has already been sufficiently
expressed.  It is a judgment of almost unqualified
praise. The work is not of a controversial, but of
a didactic character;  and as such we hail it, and
recommend it for a text-book, guide, and constant
companion to every practitioner and every student
who wishes to extricate himself from the well-worn
ruts of empiricism, and to base his practice of medi-
cine upon principles.—London Lancet, Dec. 27,1856.

  A text-book to which no other in our language is
comparable.—Charleston Medical Journal.
  No work has ever achieved or maintained a more
deserved reputation.— Va. Med. and Surg. Journal.
                           YOUATT (WILLIAM), M.S.
THE  HORSE.   A  new edition, with numerous illustrations;  together with  a
  general history ofthe Horse; a Dissertation on the American Trotting Horse; how Trained and
  Jockeyed; an Account of his Remarkable Performances; and an Essay on the Ass and the Mule.
  By  J. S. Skinner, formerly Assistant Postmaster-General,  and Editor of the Turf Register.
  One large octavo volume, extra cloth.   $1 50.
  The attention of all who keep horses is requested to this  handsome and complete edition of a
work  which is recognized as the standard authority on all matters connected with veterinary medi-
cine.  The very low price at  which it is now offered, free by mail, places it within the reach of
every one.
                                 BY  THE SAME AUTHOR.

THE DOG.  Edited by E.  J. Lewis,  M.  D.   With numerous  and  beautiful
  illustrations.  In one very handsome volume, crown Svo., crimson cloth, gilt, fl 25. 
 
 
 
 
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